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I ; ., 1,, i A/X I *l\l 1 NATIONAI LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NAIII i 1 &<. / \ "¦ f - 5 k r\ - l / * —* l i Aavaan ivnouvn SNiDiaavy jo Anvaaii ivnouvn 3Nma3w jo Aavaan ivnouvn jnidiosw jo Aavaan ivnouvn jnioich* jo Aavaan ivnouvn 3NOia3W JO A»V89I1 IVNOUVN 3N13103W JO AavaSll IVNOUVN 3NIOIQ3A JO Aava9ll IVNOUVN INI - v ..-. ! ?_ - v 3 y\v-:? I i / . CIECULAE No. 1. £> WAR DEPARTMENT, SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE, - WASHINGTON, JUNE 10, 1868. v REP O R T ON EPIDEMIC CHOLERA AND YELLOW FEVER IN THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, DURING THE YEAH 1867. <&# WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. CIRCULAR No. 1. WAU DEPARTMENT, Buboeoh General's Office, Washington, D. C, June 10, 1868. The following Report on Epidemic Cholera and Yellow Fever, as they occurred in the U. S. Army last year, is published for the information of Medical Officers. J. K. BARNES, Surgeon General. REPOE T ON EPIDEMIC CHOLERA AND YELLOW FEVEIt in tin: ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, DURING THE YEAR 1867. By Brevet Li«'iit. Col. J. .1. Woodward, Assistant Surgeon, I . ¦• A. Surgeon General's Office, May 5, 1868. I GENERAL: In accordance with your instructions. I have prepared an account of the •valence of cholera and yellow fever in the army during the year 1867, which I herewith pectfully submit: I EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IFn view of the possible appearance of cholera during the approaching summer, the rgeon General issued a circular on the 20th of April, 1867, which gave instructions as precautionary measures, and directed that in case the pestilence should appear among 3 troops at any post, a special report should be made, giving a statement of the facts, and .nsmitting the names of all officers and soldiers attacked, together with the nativity. age, ik, regiment, company, length of service, date of attack, and date of recovery or of iitli, in each case. (See Circular No. 3, Appendix, p. 17.) I These reports were made with commendable diligence by the medical officers brought contact with cholera during the year, and from these, mainly, the following sketch of i epidemic has been prepared. I In compiling the statistical tables appended, (Appendix I. pp. 1—15.) the figures c<>n nod in the monthly reports of sick and wounded have been carefully compared with the sof names, and all discrepancies inquired into and corrected. It is therefore believed it the figures are worthy of all confidence. These tables show the monthly mean strength each station mentioned, and the monthly number of cases .uid deaths of cholera, cholera •rbus, acute diarrhoea, chronic diarrhoafc, acute dysentery, and chronic dysentery, are ;sented separately; the tallies also give a monthly total for these diarrhoea! diseases, ¦ al for all other diseases, and an aggregate. I Wounds, accidents, injuries, and violent deaths are not included under the head of all ¦ diseases, and are not considered in this report. This rule was also followed in conting the tables in Circular No. 5, of 1867, which gave an account of epidemic cholera c army during 1866. kThe second part of Appendix I, under the head of extracts from official reports, tins such portions of the special cholera reports elicited by Circular No. 3, and of 1 official documents, as were thought to possess professional interest. To these tin' t is referred for details, a mere outline of the progress of the epidemic being presented is report. (See Appendix, pp. 16-69.) It is well known that cholera prevailed extensively in the army during the year 1866, causing over 1,200 deaths among officers and men,* Circular No. 5, of 1867, giving a detailed account of the epidemic of 1866, was sent to each medical officer, in anticipation of the possible return of the disease in 1867. It will be seen, by consulting that document, that cholera spread over the country during the year 1866, extending as far westward as Forts Leaven worth, Riley, and Gibson; and in the southwest as far as Texas. In its progress the disease followed the lines of travel rather than any general westward course, and, in the case of the army, it especially followed the movements of bodies of recruits. which were the most important movements from infected points during the year. The compiler of Circular No. 5 drew hence an argument in favor of quarantine, and the Burgeon General, in Circular No. 3, instructed medical officers to endeavor, as far as possible, to protect any threatened command by a proper quarantine. The measures thus adopted, in conjunction with the hygienic precautions directed in the same circular, undoubtedly saved many lives in the army, for the total number of deaths from cholera during 1867 was but 230, and it cannot be claimed that the disease; in itself was less virulent during 1867, for the proportion of deaths to the total number of cases was 1 death to 2.19 cases, while during 1860 it was 1 to 2.22. kin a general way, it may here be said that the experience of the army during 1867 ¦ms the views in favor of quarantine formed during L 866, and especially confirm! the >m formed with regard to the danger of distributing recruits or other bodies of troops an infected point to other garrisons. An additional point, however, is also suggested c experience of 1867, namely: The possibility of cholera reappearing on the following \t places visited by it during ;in epidemic, if the most stringent hygienic precautions -)t adopted. It is believed that an examination of the appended documents will convince the reader that, so far as the troops were concerned, such hygienic precautions Were rigidly enforced during 1867. But, as the summer opened, cholera reappeared In the valley of the Mississippi, and to the westward, at a number of the placet where it prevailed during the previous year. At most of these points it occurred first among the citizens, and afterwards) appeared among the troops; bui it has not always been possible to obtain the date of the firsi case among the citizens, and hence it is not possible to assert thai this was the invariable rule, though it is believed it was so. Sad the cases thus originating been the only ones, the mortality from the disease would have been comparatively small ; bui the unfortunate movement of infected troops 1 Circular No. f> r<|w>rtH, i- XIII. 2,724 MM*, 1.217 rt— Hm Additional raporti from TfOUM, not nciivcd at the d.iti- of publication, mntabl WOrn and 'fl dwrtlMJ Making a total of 1^613 rani'H and I, '<£•»!) deaths. 6 I rains during July carried the pestilence across the plains to every post on the Arkansas and the Smoky Hill Fork, and three other notable instances of the transplantation B disease occurred: one on the route between Forts Gibson and Arbuckle, one in the of the posts in New York harbor, the third in that of certain recruits distributed from York, by way of New Orleans, through Texas. At New Orleans, where cholera had prevailed extensively, during 1866, among both citizens and troops, continuing during the summer and fall, until January, 1867, it reappeared among the citizens in .Juno. The reports of the Hoard of Health record 1 deaths during June, and 571 during the following six months. During the same period only six cases and three deaths were reported among the white troops, and but four cases and tw<> deaths among the colored troops. The first of these cases occurred at .Jackson Barracks during August, and recovered; the second case, at the same barracks, during September, also recovered. After this, no cases occurred until November. During November and December there were a few cases both at Jackson Barracks and at Greenville, making, in all, but ten cases and five deaths during the six months in a garrison of over a thousand men. Besides these, one case, which recovered, was reported at Jackson Barracks during January, 1868, and two cases of cholera and nine of choleraic diarrhoea during the same month in Company "A," 33d Infantry, which had just arrived from Georgia. RFn view of the prevalence of the disease among the citizens of New Orleans, this coinive immunity of the troops must be attributed, to a great extent, to the stringent ¦nic measures adopted in view of the approach of yellow fever. These measure- are recorded in the reports on the yellow fever epidemic. ¦At Fort Jackson, Mississippi, below New Orleans, one case, a colored soldier who ered, is reported during September. No particulars have been received I During the month of June cholera also appeared among the freedmen on various planis in the vicinity of Vidalia, Louisiana. The troops, however, escaped until October. Lgthis month eight cases and three deaths are reported out of a strength of 61 officers Tien. lAt Vicksburg, Mississippi, where cholera had prevailed among the troops during 1866, tppeared among the citizens during the month of June. The first case among the s occurred on the 29th of that month and died the same day. There were eight cases ;wo deaths among the troops during .July; one fatal case during September; during >er two cases, which recovered; in all, eleven cases and three deaths, not including tincase during June. The average strength of the command during the six months was officers and men. Kit Madison, Arkansas, cholera appears to have been introduced by the body of a i dead of cholera who was brought from Linden for burial. Shortly afterwards the c appeared among the troops. Eighi cases and three deaths are reported during two cases and one death during August; in all. ten cases and four deaths; the average •th for the two months being 75 officers and men. At Newport Barracks, Kentucky, where cases had occurred during 1866. two mild cases are. reported during .June, both of which recovered. There was also one fatal case during August. The average strength of the command during the six months was 509. Cases are said to have occurred in both Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, a few days before the first of these cases. 7 ¦At Paducah, Kentucky, four cases and two deaths are reported during August out strength of 108. No particulars have been received. |\t St. Louis, Missouri, where cholera had prevailed during 1866, it reappeared among tizens during the month of June, 1867. (See St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal ly and August, 1867, p. 391.) Cases continued to occur with increasing frequency r the summer and fall. Only one case, however, is reported at tho St. Louis arsenal an average strength of 125. This case occurred during October ; the man recovered. It Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis, where cholera had prevailed extensively among th U.S. Colored Infantry during the previous 'summer, 256 cases and 134 deaths ; been reported, one case of cholera and six of cholera morbus occurred during July, which recovered. Several fatal cases of cholera were reported, however, amortg ment employe's. |[t may here also be mentioned that, during June, prior to their movement from the a considerable number of cases of diarrhoea occurred among the soldiers of the 38th Colored Infantry at Jefferson Barracks. To the story of these troops we shall itly recur. On the 26th of October, Companies "G" and "11," 125 colored volunteers, arrived at Jefferson Barracks for muster-out. They had marched from Fort Bliss, Texas, across the j'lains, to Fort IFarker, and thence been brought by railroad to St. Louis, where cholera was then prevailing. Two days after their arrival at Jefferson Barracks cholera appeared among them, thirteen cases and live deaths occurring before the close of the month, and two eases and one death during November. At Fort Kiley, Kansas, where there had been 59 cases and 27 deaths of cholera, and 641 cases of diarrhoea and dysentery among the troops during 1866, a quartermaster's employe was attacked June 22d, 1867, and died the same day. Company " X," of the 38th Infantry, which left Jefferson Barracks June !>th,and reached Fort Riloy June 12th, had moved for Fort Barker on the 19th; and companies " D" and "F," which left Jefferson Barracks on the 19th for For! Riley, also left that place for Fort Harker on the 22d, arriving on the 2-n\i. All these troops were suffering much from diarrhcea, and Companies 1J and '" F" left behind them, when they moved, a number of men sick with diarrhea. After this, however, no cases of cholera occurred at Fort Riley. where the most stringent hygienic means appeared to have been adopted, until .July 11th, when an employe* of the Pacific Railroad was attacked and died the same day. He had just arrived from the vicinity oi Port Barker, where cholera was then prevailing. No other cases occurred until November, when two colored recruits for the 10th Cavalry were attacked; one of them recovered; the Other died December Ist. Of these men, the first had arrived two days before his attack from St. Louis, Missouri, where he had been taken sick with diarrhoea. No particular. have been received with regard to his comrade. These two cases are included in table 1", Appendix I, p. (5; bnt the garrison of For! Riley , averaging for the six months 26 white and L 97 colored troops, wholly escaped. El'ort Barker, Kansas, the disease appeared shortly after the arrival of Companies D," "F" and '• 11," of the 38th Infantry. There Were three cases and one death the colored troops in June; fifteen cases and ten deaths during July and August. the white troops, fwenty-eight CMOS and twenty deaths aye reported during July JUSt. The average strength of the command for .Inly and Augiisi was 84 white and 8 employee, among whom were many deaths. The hygienic condition of the fort and its vicinity is reported to have been very bad at the date of the outbreak of the epidemic. ¦ Company " X," of the 38th Infantry, readied Fort Barker .June 22; Companies "D" "F" arrived on the 26th; Company "E" on the 27th. Companies "A" and "B" had stationed there since May 16th, and Company "G" since May 17th. The first case among the troops at Fort Harker was a Boldier of Company " 11, who was taken sick June 28th and sent to the post hospital. On the same day, but a little earlier in the day, a citizen in the employ of the beef contractor was attacked. !!<¦ lived in a dug-out on the bank of the river, near the slaughter-pen, a mile and a half from the f s tli Infantry brought the germs of the disease with them from Jefferson Barracks; and it has not been shown that the beef contractor's employe, living so near their camp, did not communicate freely with the newly arrived troops. At all events, the first oases among the troops at Fort Harker were soldiers of the 38th Infantry who were carried from their camp to the post hospital ; and it was not till a number of these cases had occurred that the disease began to spread among the garrison of the post. BBut whatever question maybe raised as to the introduction of cholera at Fort Harker ie 38th Infantry, there is no doubt of the mode in which the pestilence, once estab-1 at that post, was, unfortunately, carried thence across the plains. lOn the 28th of June, the same day on which cholera appeared at Fort Harker, a ihment of the 38th Infantry, consisting of Companies "D" and " F," Brevet Lieutenant lei 11. C. Merriam in command, and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel George Md Jill, tant Surgeon, U. S. A., in medical charge, left Fort Harker to march by the Arkansas r route to New Mexico. Xt the close of the first day's march they reached Plumb creek, and Bhortly after going mp a case of cholera occurred among the men. The command marched next day, os continued to occur daily until it reached Fort Lyon, Colorado Territory. Brhe posts visited on this route were Fort Zarah, Fort Lamed, and Fort Dodge, and rrival of the detachment at each of these stations was promptly followed by the ranee of cholera. I 'he death of Dr. McGill, July 20th, has prevented the receipt of the usual monthly of sick and wounded for this detachment; but it appears from the appended letter onel Merriam that twenty-nine enlisted men were attacked, and ten died, out ot' a strength of 232 enlisted men. With the exception of Dr. McGill and his wife, the 1 and their families escaped. B he headquarters of the 38th Infantry, with Companies "A," % 'H," and '' X," remained t Harker until the 20th of July. I lie first case of cholera among the troops at Fort Harker, already mentioned ;is ing June 28th, was a soldier of Company 'H; " on the 2!) th another case occurred same company, on the 30th another; July Ist five cases were reported, July 2d All these cases are included in the statistical table for Fort Harker. July 4th there r. 9 I two cases; July sth and 7th each one case. After this no more cases occurred- in command for some days, although the disease still prevailed among other troops at Harker and among the quartermaster's employes and other citizens. July 20th, Iquarters, with Companies "A" and " X," started across the plains with 12 officers, men, 44 quartermaster's employes, and 37 ladies, children, and servants. After ing the Smoky Hill Fork they were joined hy the sutler of Fort Simmer with a family n persons, making in all 324 souls. KJuly 21st, on the march, a soldier was attacked with cholera and cases continued to ¦ until July 30th, when the command had reached a camp a few miles west of Fort ;e, after which no more cases occurred among the troops. lUp to this time there had been forty-six cases and seventeen deaths, all enlisted men ; 9st of the party escaped, with the exception of the wife of one of the officers, who was i sick after the command reached Fort Lyon and recovered. The case reported g August was a man who had been detached with the mail between Forts Lamed larker, and who was brought sick to camp. ¦In making this march the command avoided communication, with the posts alonjr the , and, after the 2."> th of July, avoided the route taken by Col. Merriam'a detachment. Two detachments of the 38th [nfantry are thus shown to have carried cholera with them across the plains by the Arkansas River route. It was by the first of these that it was distributed to the military stations on the way. lOn the first of July Colonel Merriam'a detachment of the 38th Infantry arrived at Fort i, and on July 2d or 3d at Fort Lamed, going into camp within 500 yards of the fort, •emaining therefor forty-eight hour.: July 6th the first case occurred in the garrison •rt Lamed, and subsequently cases occurred at both this post and Fort Zarah. R?ort Zarah being occupied as a picket post of Fort Lamed, the cases at both posts eluded in the monthly reports of sick and wounded of Fort Lamed, and are included »les 1") and 16, (Appendix, p. 8.) In all, there were five cases and four deaths of troops during July; of colored troops, one fatal case during July and one during st. There were quite a number of cased among the quartermaster's employes. According to Brevet Major 0. B. De Giaw, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., Colonel Merriam'a command arrived at Fort Dodge on the afternoon of July 7th and went into camp a mile from the post, remaining forty-eight hours. An unsuccessful attempt was made to isolate the command when it was understood that cholera was prevailing in it. During the evening of July 1 Ith a government employe, living about three hundred yarda from the garrison, was attacked; on the 1 hh another; and diarrhoea became very prevalent among the citizens about the post. On the 18th several trains arrived from Fort Harker with supplies for the post, and a man accompanying one of these train's was found to have cholera. On the 21st a soldier of the garrison was attacked while on guard duty some distance from the post and brought to the posl hospital. This was followed by ether cases, and during the rest of July and the early part of August, twenty-live cases and fourteen deaths occurred among the troops. The mean strength for the two months WBJ 22<> officers and men. There were also B Dumber of cases among the citizens. The pestilence did not extend on this route to posts west of For! Dodge. Returning now to the neighborhood of For! Harker, we find that Company " G,'' 10 of choleraic diarrhoea ; they went into camp at Wilson's creek, about 15 miles Barker, where, during the real of the month, they bad fifteen caief of cholera, eight liidi died during suly and one in August. The command subsequently went to Fort Jlays and became a part of the garrison of that post. H Company "F," 3d Infantry, in camp near Cow creek,, Kansas, ai the terminus of the •i fie Railroad not far from Fort Darker, reports seven cases and four deaths during y and one case during August, out of a strength of 68 officers and men ; the disease was brought from Fort Harker. Company "C," 10th Colored Cavalry, at Camp Qrierson, Kansas, on the Little Arkansas river, reports seven cases ami four deaths during July, and ten cases and four deaths during August, the mean strength for the two months being 78 men; the officers escaped. The disease is reported to have been brought to the camp by one of the messengers from Fort Harker. t Leaving, now, the vicinity of Fort Harker, we find cholera transported along the route the Smoky Hill Fork, towards Denver, as far west as Fort Wallace. The posts on this ite are Fort Hays, Doivner's Station, Monument Station, and Fort Wallace. The first c at Fort Hays was a citizen, who had just arrived from Balina, whither the cholera had extended from Fort Harker. On the same day, .Inly 11th, g colored soldier of the garrison was taken sick, and died next day. During July, August, and September, thirty-three cases and twenty-three deaths arc reported among the colored troops, whose mean strength during the three months was 215 men. September Ist. a white soldier was attacked, hut recovered; the rest of the white troops, averaLnnir, during the three months, 34 in number, 1 L ' CD CD 7 ' escaped. Free communication had existed with Fort Harker previous to the appearance of the iirst cases, and trains with escorts of troops were continually passing from Fort B.er, by way of Fort Hays and the other posts on this route, to Fort Wallace, and again. I Notwithstanding the free passage of such trains, however, the detachment at Downer's on, Kansas, escaped until August 9th, when a supply train en route from Fort Harker ort Wallace-, accompanied by a detachment of Company "B," 38th U. S. Infantry, mped at Grinnell Springs, a small stage station about 20 miles from Downer's, and led by a party from that post. The day after the arrival of the train, two of neii at the stage station were taken sick, and were sent to the hospital at Downer's on for treatment. One of them recovered, the other died. The mean strength of the nand at Downer's Station during August was 91 officers and men, but no other cases -red. Company "I," 38th Infantry, which had been stationed at Fort Hays since May 25th, left that place June 21th and established a post at Monument Station. Kansas. During July three cases and one death of cholera are reported in this detachment, the strength being reported at 1 1"> men. IS T o particulars have b^en received. June Ist, 1867, a detachment of the 7th U. S. Cavalry left Fort Hays on an expedition to the Platte river, ami, after marching over 7"" miles, subjected t<> great hardships, went into camp July L3th, near Fori Wallace. A second detachment of the 7th left Fort llavs on the IZth of July, the day after the first cases of cholera had appeared at that post, and. marching directly to Fort Wallace, went into camp, July 1 8th, with the rir>t detachment. July 2'2d the lirst case of cholera occurred and was rapidly followed by 11 others, seventeen cases and eleven deaths being reported during July and August, besides Eber among the citizen employes. The mean strength of this detachment during ,nd August was 220 officers and men. It is reported that most of the cases occurred i\\v soldiers and employes who were debilitated and exhausted by the exposure of itte River expedition. Notwithstanding the proximity of the camp of the 7th U. S. iy to Fort Wallace, the garrison of the latter place wholly escaped, intercourse being ted, though not wholly prevented. On the Bth of August, a detachment of the sth U. S. Infantry arrived at Fort Wallace from New Mexico and encamped about n mile west of the fort. The command is said to have been healthy on the road, with the exception of diarrhoea, after leaving the Arkansas. Seven days before reaching Fort Wallace, they passed, without halting, a (tamp of colored troops, among whom cholera was prevailing. On the day of their arrival at Fort Wallace ;i cisc occurred, followed by others, making in all twenty-five cases and eleven deaths during the month. A quarantine hospital was established on the lOtli, in which all the cases were treated. These cases were wholly confined to the detachment of the sth U. S. Infantry, which, at the time of its arrival, numbered about 343 officers^and men. None of the original garrison of Fort Wallace were attacked; as, however, a part of this detachment remained at Fort Wallace, these cases are included in the tabular statement for that post. (See Appendix, table 26, page 11.) I Fuming, now, from the plains to the route into Indian Territory, the record will 1)0 equally instructive. One fatal case of cholera was reported at Little Rock, Arkansas, y; July. The patient had been intoxicated, and the case is admitted to have been a till one.- (See Appendix, page 56.) It is not, therefore, included in the statistical of this report. Ikt Fort Smith, Arkansas, where cholera had occurred during 1866, it reappeared • the citizens August 28th, 1867. The precautions taken to prevent the disease xtending to a company of troops stationed at the post (see Appendix, page 56) were ctual, that but two cases occurred — the first September 16th, the second September both proved fatal. At Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, where cholera also prevailed during 1866, it reappeared towards the close of June, 1867, among the Indians and Negroes. These people, who were BUiTounded by the worst bvoienic conditions, suffered severely till the close of July, when a aesi of negro huts, where the disease bad been most virulent, was burned, and the survivors removed to a camp in the open prairie, after which the disease abated, Th« troops, encamped in wall tdhts on elevated ground near the fort, escaped, having but two oases — one, a negro soldier, attacked July L Bth, died July 23d; and the other, a white soldier, attacked August 18th, died next day. The mean strength of the command at Foil (lihson during the six months was L 59 white and 80 colored troops. Towards the close of June, iusl after the appearance of cholera among the Indians and Negroes near the post, Company "D," loth U. S. Cavalry, Left Port Gibson for Pori Arbuckle; had much diarrhoea on the road, and one man died July Isi with symptoms of cholera. The company, bringing with them the dead body of their comrade for interment, arrived at Fort Arbuckle .Inly 2d. Immediately after their arrival three* cases of cholera Occurred m this company, and five cases and lour deaths followed, during July, among the 12 I On the 1 ltli of .Juno two companies of the Gth U. S. Infantry left South Carolina for an Territory, and going by way of Memphis and Fort Smith, set out to march from latter post to Fort Arbuckle. On the Bth of July a messenger from Fort Arbucklo [;d their camp, who reported the existence of cholera at Fortfl Gibson Find Albuckle : prevented his intercourse with the detachment, but, unfortunately, followed the road passed over by Company "D," of the 10th U. S. Cavalry, and did not avoid their Ml. July 14th, cholera appeared among them in their camp on Sandy creek, and v the close of the month forty cases and sixteen deaths occurred out of a command of officers and men. At Fort Columbus, New York harbor, there were thirty-five cases of cholera and eighteen deaths during August and September. I The first case occurred on the 21st of August. The patient was a recruit who had ed the evening previous with a detachment of recruits from St. Louis, Missouri, where ra was prevailing. One man had died on the road with symptoms similar to cholera, he man attacked on arriving at Fort Columbus had been in attendance upon him. ¦Another recruit, who had also been in attendance on the first patient, was sent to Fort 1, Bedloe's island, and was attacked by cholera shortly after his arrival there. RNo additional cases occurred at Fort Columbus until the 31st of August, an interval n days, when ten new cases were admitted to hospital, four of these cases occurring ig a fresh detachment of recruits who had arrived on the 28th of August, three days ous. kAt Fort Wood, Bedloe's island, New York harbor, there were ten cases of cholera our deaths during August and September. The first case occurred August 2-3 th, the September 24th. Of these cases, six were recruits, two belonged to the permanent ¦of the post, and two to the band. The first case was the recruit from St. Louis, ly mentioned. I One fatal case is reported at the Plattsburgh Barracks, New York. The patient had returned from Governor's island, where he had- been sent for trial by court martial. , r as attacked the night of his return, August 31st, and died September 2d. Kn the 23d of November, a detachment of several hundred recruits left New York ,by steamer, for Texas. On the 30th another large detachment sailed. The first detachment went on the steamer Raleigh, and reached New Orleans December 2d without sickneis. Here 110 men were disembarked, but the detachment for Texas was kept on board, and learning that cholera was prevailing among the citizens of New Orleans, an attempt was made to keep them isolated. December 3d, this detachment was transferred to the steamer W. G. Ilewes, and sailed for Galveston. During the 4th a number of cases of diarrhoea with rice-water discharges were observed, ami in one case there were cramps and collapse, but none died. December Gth, the vessel arrived at Gal* veston, the men were disembarked and placed in tents, but after three days, on account of bad weather, were transferred to the barracks of the 17th Infantry at that post. December 11th, the second detachment of recruits which had left New York Nbvem ber 30th arrived at Qalveston, and, after remaining a day, sailed for [ndianola. This detachment had nlso stopped a day at New Orleans, and after leaving thai place cholera appeared among them. One death had ahvadv occurred. This detachment left at Gtalvet ton a number sick with choleraic diairlnea <>r actual cholera: altogether, tweiit v-tv fffiscil 13 of cholera and eighteen of choleraic diarrhoea were admitted to the post hospital a! < Jalveston from these detachments; iive of the cases of cholera died. Three men of the 17th Infantry, into whose barracks the first party of recruits were received, were also attacked, but all recovered. lOn the 13th of December a party of the recruits from Galveston arrived at Ilemp, Texas, where fifteen cases of cholera occurred among them, withj however, but one l. The detachment that went to Tndianola reports thirteen cases and two deaths of ra at that post, but the disease did not extend to the garrison. Finally, a party of these recruits were quarantined at Onion creek, near Austin. -December 24th, where nine and one death are reported during December, and one fatal case during January in the detachment, then at Indianola on their way to Brownsville, Texas. I The extreme mildness of the cases among these recruits cannot escape attention; there among them, in all, sixty-three cases and but nine deaths. This, happy result, which ributed, by the medical officer at Galveston, to the use of tannin in large doses, was ved also at Hempstead, where reliance appears to have been placed on camphor and ii pills; and at Onion creek, where calomel was employed in large doses. The foregoing brief statement will serve to indicate the movements of cholera in the army during 1867. The general summary on page 15 shows that the total number of cases among the white troops during the year, including the month of June, was 317, of whom 139 died; among the colored troops. I 2 Total | :mw UQ 14 2. AGES. Cases. Deaths. Casks. Dkatiis. 20 years or under 45 10 ]40to 45 years 2 20 to 25 years 141 45 Over 50 " 1 Il6to 80 " 44 25 ' Not stated 41 29 30t035 " 19 10 35 to 40 " 15 10 Total 308 129 3. LENGTH OF SERVICE. Casks. Dkatiis. Casks. Death. 1 month or under 40 17 2 to 3 years 11 5 Ito 3 months ' 29 6 Over 3 years 21 8 3t06 " 15 4 Notstated 62 32 6 months to 1 year 39 21 1 to 2 years 91 36 Total 308 129 4. DURATION OF CASES WHICH RECOVERED. No. ok days. Casks. No. ok days. Casks. No. ok days. Casks. No. ok days. Casi> 1 20 10 5 19 2 31 1 2 13 11 5 20 1 32 2 3 11 12 3 21 2 34 1 4 7 13 3 22 1 38 1 5 15 14 5 23 1 40 1 6 10 15 8 20 2 Not stated. IS ¦ 7 13 16 1 27 2 8 8 17 4 28 1 9 11 18 2 30 2 Total 179' 5. DURATION OF FATAL CASES. No. OK DAYS. DEATHS. NO. OK DAYS. DKATHB. NO. OK DAYS. DEATHS. 1 90 5 2 U 1 2 16 6 3 Not stilted. 3 3 4 8 2 4 7 10 1 TMd 129 15 •¦ • (COLORED TROOPS.) t A n is a I . Awtß. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Dkatiis i 20 years or under 0 3 35 to 40 yearn 1 20 to 25 years 73 20 40 to 45 " 3 1 25t030 " 14 8 Not stated 55 39 30 to 35 " I 1 1 Total 153 78 !_ 1 2. LENGTH OF SERVICE. % Casks. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. 1 month or under 1 1 1 to 2 years 2 1 Ilto 3 months 30 12 Over 3 years 15 0 3to 6 " 27 10 Not stated I 00 44 j 6 months to 1 year j 0 4 Total 153 78 3. DURATION OF CASES WHICH RECOVERED. — No. of days. Cases. No. of days. Cases. No. of days. Cases. No. of days. Cases. 11 7 f 14 1 21 1 2 2 8 11 15 2 22 1 3 7 9 8 10 1- 24 2 4 7 10 5 17 2 Not Mated. 1 5 2 11 3 18 3 6 2 13 2 19 2 Total 75 4. DURATION »F FATAL CASES. No. of days. Deaths. No. of days. Deaths. No. of days. Df.aths. 1 39 5 4 Notatated I I 2 15 6 | 3 8 7 1 4 5 B 1 Total 78 tThe following medical officers fell victims to cholera during the year: Brevel liennt Colonel George McGill, Burgeon, CJ. B. A.., died July 20th, 1867, near Fort Lyon, Colorado Territory; Acting Assistant Surgeon Algernon M. Squires, . 1 *"> \\ ( I ( I'ltl'tll^'lll'JllL lII/ II I >1 1 111 I \ J(|M)II>()1 M( X «lll« I W'MllllK'l. : I « - « » . arriyed at Indianola and landed bedding and other articles; four days afterwards, two of the workmen who handled these effects were taken sick with yellow fever: both died. w The disease subsequently spread among the citizens: at first in the neighborhood of tinwharf at which the schooner landed, afterwards extending from bouse to house up Main street. The company of troops on duty at the post was stationed t<> the southwest of the town, and escapea until the 16th of June, when two men who had been employed guarding quartermaster's property in the town were taken sick, and communicated the disease to the camp. During July other cases occurred, and the medical officer in charge, Acting Ac sistant Surgeon S. Santoire, recommended the removal of the command to Green Lake, twenty-two miles distant. This was done July 28th, leaving but a small detachment at [ndianobt, composed chiefly of men who had had the fever. Two cases occurred at Green Lake shortly after the detachment reached there, but none subsequently. Towards the close of October, a detachment of the 3/>tb Infantry, who had broken up their camp at Victoria, Texas, on account of the prevalence of yellow fever, arrived at Indianola; their arrival was followed by four cases and one death. There were in all 2 ( J cases and 14 deaths among the troops near Indianola.* ¦The epidemic at Indianola was at first imagined to lie bilious remittent fever, as lias :en happened on the first appearance of epidemic yellow fever. The appearance of yellow lever at Indianola was Bpeedily followed by its outbreak at Galveston. There was unobstructed, almost daily communication between the two [daces, and the Morgan line of steamships made regular trips between Indianola and New Orleans, always stopping at Galveston both going and returning. Brevet Major Samuel Adam-, Assistant Surgeon, U. 8. A., states, in a letter dated August loth, (see Appendix, page v -">. | that the first case of the fever which occurred at Galveston was brought fronijndianola about JnTrc 26th; and; died, two days afterwards7at one of the boai-dimr-houses in the lower part of the city. He asserts that the introduction of the disease was the result of gross negligence on the part of the city authorities, who did not attempt to establish quarantine until after this fatal case had occurred. Brevet Major Cyrus Bacon, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., who arrived in Gfalveston September 17th, after the death of Dr. Adams, has contributed an interest ing report of the epidemic at Galveston. In this paper he states, on the authority of a local physician, that a man from New Orleans had been admitted to the City hospital June 22d with yellow fever, and recovered. The details of the history of this case have not been communicated, and the well-known accuracy of Dr. Adams, who was on the gpol at the time of the occurrence of these cases, leads the writer of this report to look upon his statement with regard to the first unmistakable case of yellow fever as being substantially correct. The Galveston and Texas Medical Journal of February, 1 868, contains an excellent ¦Nt of the epidemic in this city, by Dr. S. M . Welch, a resideni of Galveston. The f gives an account of the introduction of yellow fever, which perfectly agrees with lory of Dr. Adams, although lie mentions the alleged case of June 22d, which he *Tht foot note to talile I, Appendix, ptgi 71, says, erroneously, " there were, l>esiuVs. two OMH in June.''. It has since lieen <>l>sf course, was much reduced by the number of deaths during August and September. The list of names, however, leaves no doubl that the number of cases is accurate, and that it does not include relapses or second attacks. The number of deaths among the citizens oi (ialvestoii is estimated by Dr. Bacon at 1,180; by Dr. Welch, in the article above referred From Indianola the pestilence was carried up the road towards San Antonio, to LavaCGR, Victoria, and Goliad. There were no troops stationed at Lavacca, and no detailed account of the epidemic there has been received. At Victoria, cases appeared among the citizens during the month of August, hut did not extend to the troops till a month later. During the latter portion of September and the early part of October there were eighteen cases and four deaths out of an average mean strength of 74 men. About the middle of October the post at Victoria was abandoned and the command removed to Indianola. From Victoria the fever was carried to Goliad, between which place and Victoria uninterrupted communication existed. Goliad is situated on high ground, with no swamps t stagnant water in the vicinity ;it is noted for its health. There were twenty-five deaths ong the citizens of this town. The troops, encamped only a quarter of a mile from :n, were isolated by quarantine; only five cases are reported among them, all of whom overed. These cases occurred during the month of October, the strengt hof the command being 43. Returning to Galveston, it will be found that the pestilence was carried thence towards the interior along \\\c chief route of travel. During the third week of August it became epi lemic among the citizens of Houston, cases having been brought the week before from Galveston. The first case among the troops occurred September 7th. The patient was ;i soldier on duty as a teamster, who visited the city daily. There were, in all, seventy-one cases and twenty-five deaths, out of an average strength, for the six months, of 72 officers and men. The last case appeared on the 3d of November. At Hempstead, the first case was a citizen named Vprhees, who arrived some time in August, and died shortly afterwards. This event was followed by the appearance of other easel among the citizens of the place. On the 6th of September one of the officers of the garrison was attacked, ami towards the middle of the month cases began to occur among the enlisted men. In all fifty-five cases and twenty-nine deaths are reported out of an average strength of 110 officon and men. The last cases occurred early in December. At Brenham, some little distance beyond Hempstead, on the road to Austin, yellow fever was introduced from Galveston by an attache* of the EVeedmen's Bureau, who arrived August Bth, and was taken sick next day. The disease subsequently spread among the citizens ot Brenham, but the troops almost wholly escaped: only two cases were reported 20 Ie he undoubtedly contracted the disease; the second, the man detailed to nurse him; .•uses proved fatal. The troops were encamped in the town, and Acting Assistant ¦<>ii ( !, B. Warren on duty with them, attribute! their escape to the use of white musseed ;is a prophylactic. He also denies that Lieutenant Fjambert'a attendant had the , hut it is thought that the facts recorded in his letter of April *'>, 1868, (ice Appenpage 96,) do not accord with this interpretation. At Austin, a short distance beyond Brenhani, there were but two cases. The first occurred during September, and proved fatal ; the patient was a prisoner just arrived from New Orleans, where the fever was prevailing. The second case occurred during November, and recovered; the patient was a soldier who came from Galveston a foitnighi previously. Notwithstanding the introduction of these two cases, the disease did not. however, extend to the troops at Austin. At Brownsville, on the liio Grande, yellow fever appeared among the citizens aboui the Ist of October. It is difficult to fix the precise date, as the earliest cases were not recognized. Assistant Surgeon E. Cowles, U. B, A., on duty at this post, recounts the efforts made to protect the place by quarantine, and states that he was unable to obtain any evidence of the importation of tin- disease. It appears from his own report, however, that the first cases known to him were Austrian^ recently belonging to Maximilian's army, and not long before arrived from Vera Cruz. The report of Dr. Francis Barnes (see Appendix, page 120) shows that a detachment of the same disbanded army, en route from Vera Cruz to New York, suffered from yellow fever on the way. and then.' appears to be little doubt that it was from this source the pestilence was introduced' at Brownsville, the prevalence of yellow fever at Vera Cruz being known. The troops stationed at Brownsville, averaging 76 white and 395 colored troops, were isolated, and intercourse with the citizens prohibited ; as a result, no cases occurred among them. The four cases report' I were officers who Kved in the town, and came in contact witli the disease there : all. fortunately, recovered. There were 130 cases of remittent fever reported among the men, but all recovered. At Kinggold Bai racks, some distance further up the Rio Grande river, it is reported, by Acting Assistant Surgeon C. C. Furley, that no cases occurred among the colored troops stationed at that post. The average strength for the six months was 222 men. These troops were protected by a rigid quarantine from contact with the citizens in tinvicinity, who Buffered much from yellow fever. The fever was introduced among tly.' citizens by an ambulance from Corpus Christi, which made a detour around the quarantine station and carried into Bio Grande City several fatal cases. As already stated, the colored troops escaped, but Dr. Furley, who had been exposed to several cases of the fever, especially to that of a quartermaster's employe* named Forbes, was attacked September viOth : he recovered. On the 18th of November Acting Assistant Surgeon William Savage, who had just arrived from Brownsville, was attacked, and died on the 21st. These were the only cases at Ringgold Barracks among the officers, the men escaping, as before mentioned* The cases of Colonel Shatter and his attendant, mentioned by Dr. Furley. both oi whom recovered, were, probably, not cases of yellow fever. Dr. Cowles, who was at the time the chief medical officer of the District of the Rio Grande, controverts several of Dr. Furley's statements, and doubts whether the disease at Rio Grande City was really yellow fever, and whether Dr. Furley's case was one of that 21 disease. Readmits that Dr. Savage's case was probably one of yellow fever. It is difficult to decide between such differences of opinion, the details of which will be found in the appended papers; but if it be admitted that the disease at Brownsville was yellow fever, and of this there appears to benodoubt, it is at least highly probable that the very similar epidemic at Rio Qrande City partook of the. same nature. The ease of Dr. Parley is, therefore, here recorded as yellow lever. At Jefferson, in the northeastern portion of the State of Texas, two eases and one death are reported during October. The fatal case was a sergeant who had just arrived by steamer from New Orleans. The other ease was one of his attendants. The fever did not, however, extend to the little garrison. Yellow fever was introduced among the citizens at Xew Iheria, Louisiana, by people flying from the pestilence at Galveston. It prevailed extensively during August and September, but the detachment of colored troops stationed at that place, having been removed to a camp some 15 miles distant, wholly escaped. The mode in which the pestilence was introduced at New Orleans possesses greal interest, on account of the conflicting stories which have been received with regard to the origin of the disease in former years. As early as May 29th, the general commanding the Fifth Military District announced, in a letter to the commander of the District of Louisiana, that yellow fever was prevalent at Havana, and that, as the proper authorities had failed toestablish quarantine regulations, lie feared it would, ere long, be introduced into the city, and thence communicated to the troops. This apprehension was, unhappily, fully realized. • Yr('c communication existed not only with Havana, but with Vera Cruz. During May twelve; vessels arrived from the infected port of Havana, and two from the infected port of Vera Cruz, no quarantine having been exacted; during June eleven vessels from Havana, and one from Vera Cruz; and during July eight from Havana. In the absence of a vigilant board of health, the precise details of the first outbreak of the pestilence will, probably, never be known ; but, so far as can he learned, the first case was a man named John Cowarts, who had been i ngaged in unloading the cargo of the bark I lessie, recently from Havana, and had been at work in the hold several days when he was taken sick, June sth; was carried to the City hospital Jime 7th, and died with black vomit June 10th. ()n( )n the 23d of June the bark Florence Peters arrived at Algiers, opposite New ( hrleans. r Jihi.~ vessel lefl Havana June 3d; no case? occurred during the voyage, bui on the day of her arrival the captain's wife was attacked with yellow fever; she died June 30th. June 25th her sister was attacked, and June 26th her infant daughter. About the same date the second mate fell 8 victim : he died, July Bth, in the Charity hospital. The vessd was now ordered to be cleaned and fumigated, but she had previously twice chanced ber position to different point- on the New Orleans side of the river. The lir-t case reported among the troops was Lieuten%nl Orville Dewey, of the Ith Cavalry; he was attacked June 23d, and died June 30th, at the St. Charles Hotel. Lieutenant Dewey had just arrived from [ndianola, Texas, where yellow fever was prevailing at the time, and where he undoubtedly contracted the- disease. His room in the hotel was disinfected and fumigated, and there \% no evidence that any persons were infected by him. The firsi case reported among the troops constituting the garrison of \ew Orleans was taken sick at Jackson Barracks July l-t the iecond - it Fafikflon IVhthTs Inly 11ih 11ihaltogether 22 four cades and three deaths in July. The disease' became epidemic in the city, of New Orleans during August, and continued to prevail until December. During this period, out of an average mean strength of 761 white troops, six hundred and filtv nine cases and one hundred and ninety-five deaths are reported, with one hundred and sixtythree cases and twenty-three deaths, out of an average mean strength of 313 colored troops. Besides the above, sixty-six white seamen, of whom fifteen died, and fifteen colored seamen, all of whom recovered, were treated at the post hospital. Among the patients were fourteen medical officers, two of whom died. Over three thousand deaths were reported among (the citizens <>f New Orleans PThe fever having become epidemic at New Orleans, subsequently spread thence to his points between which and New Orleans unrestricted water communication existed. At Baton Rouge, La., it appeared among the citizens about the 10th of September. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel W. 1). Wolverton, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., says that his recollection of the cases that occurred among the citizens at that place during the Beason is, that they were traced from New Orleans. There were, however, but three cases among the troops. The first was admitted to hospital July 31st; he had been on duty, from June 12th to July 11th, on the west bank of Red river, near its mouth, where yellow fever was reported to exist among the citizens. The second patient was attacked September 24th and died September 29th; he contracted the fever in Baton Rouge, where the di& ac was then prevailing. The third was attacked November 9th and died next day: he al-o contracted the fever in Baton Rouge*. There were no other cases in the detachment stationed at Baton Rouge, the average; mean strength of which was 222 officers and men. This immunity is ascribable to the fact that the command was moved away from the town to Camp Ooe, about six miles from the river, shortly after the first case occurred. lAt Vidalia, La., Acting Assistant Surgeon E. Alexander reports three cases, during ist, in Company "X," 20th Infantry; neither of these cases proved fetal. On*- fatal during October, is attributed by him to the receipt by the patient of infected dociis from New Orleans. The soldiers stationed at Vidalia were in full communication with Natchez, on the opposite side of the river, where the disease prevailed among the citizens. lAt Natchez, Miss., on the opposite side of ihe river from Vidalia, two cases are ted during September in the detachment there stationed; both of these cases ered. The disease had previously prevailed among the citizens, and these case- are red to have "been contracted on quarantine guard. I/Vt Vicksburg, Miss., the first case among the troops occurred October 15th, the last, nber 21st; in all, thirteen cases and four deaths; mean strength of the command for ix months, 267. Before the fiist case among the troops, the disease had broken out g the citizens of the town, 'and most of the cases among the troops were men who on duty in the city at the time of their attack. B\i Jackson, Miss., one fatal case is reported during ( tetober, out of a mean Btrength 8. A number of cases had previously occurred among the citizens at Byram's n, some nine miles from Jackson, and a few among the citizens of Jackson. At Memphis, Term., the disease also prevailed among the citizens, but the troops escaped, with the exception of Assistant Surgeon \V. S. Tremaiiie. in charge of a detach inent, and (he man detailed to nurse him. Dr. Tremaine had visited citizens sick of the fever during the month of October. • 23 B)ne fatal case is reported at Opelousas, La., during October, in a detachment of v numbering 79 men; no particulars have been reported. At Alexandria, La., on the Red river, there were two cases and one death during October, and two cases and one death during November; two of these were men admitted from steamers ascending the river from Baton Rouge; the third was Acting Assistant Surgeon J. P. M. Forwood, on duty at the post, who had been visiting cases among the citizens; the fourth was the commanding officer of the post, who had been with Dr. Forwood during his attack, and who had also visited the first of the two cases of yellow fever brought by steamer to the place. The case of Dr. Forwood was, unfortunately, overlooked in preparing table 26. (Appendix, page 80.) The company of the 20th Infantry stationed at this post was removed to camp eight miles from the town and wholly escaped. The citizens of Alexandria, however, suffered severely, the disease having been imported among them from New Orleans during September. Kit Shreveport, La., still higher up the Red river, the disease appeared about the 24th gust, and, between that time and the close of December, 12i deaths are reported ; the citizens. Communication between the troops and the town being forbidden, mmand stationed here escaped. From New Orleans, also, the fever was carried to Ship island, about the 14th of September, by a white prisoner and liis guard of colored soldiers. The prisoner died, and three of the guard were attacked, but recovered. During October two other white prisoners were attacked and died. Three companies of colored infantry were at this time stationed at Ship island, with seventy five white and twenty colored prisoners, but the disease did not Company "X," 24th Infantry, was stationed at Pass Christian, Miss , where yellow fever made its appearance about the first of October, being introduced from New Orleans by one of the brothers of the Christian Association, who was attacked shortly after returning from New Orleans. October 11th the command was moved to Winchester, Miss., where they arrived October 13th, leaving three sick and a guard of five men ai Pass Christian. Four of the guard took the fever, and a few cases occurred after the command reached Winchester. In all. there were fourteen cases and five deaths out of a command of 64 officers Yellow fever was brought to Fort Morgan. Mobile bay, by Lieutenant J. K. Eleslep, of the Engineers Corps, who was taken sick August 9th, having just previously arrived from New Orleans, where the disease was prevailing; he died August 13th. An officer who roomed with this patient, and the physician who attended him, were attacked on i\\*' 23d, and, subsequently, others of the command; in all, t went y four cases and twelve deaths out of a mean strength of 56. The command was removed during September from the post to fl camp about four miles distant, with the apparent effect of checking the further progress of the disease. Bit Port Games, on the opposite ride of the entrance to the harbor, there was but one eported m December out of a mean strength of 7 ( .'. This man had just returned ifobile, where the disease was -til! prevailing. There ie nothing positive to show bow yellow lexer was introduced at Mobile, but bj officers and others appear i<> have passed freely between the city and Ports Morgan and 24 I among the troops at Mobile was that of Major Tracy, attacked September L7th, y a month after the lever began to prevail at Fort Morgan, at the mouth of the jr. About the same time the disease appeared among the citizens of Mobile. imber lSth the troops at Mobile were moved to Btark's Landing, on tin- eastern shore 1 bay, aliout ten miles from the city; a few cases occurred, however, among the troops moved, as well as among the few left behind; in all, there were twenty-two cases and deaths out of an average mean strength of 306. At Barrancas, Pla., one fatal case is reported. The patient was taken off a quartermaster's steamer from New Orleans. The disease did not extend to the command. I That the escape of the troops at Barrancas was due to the mode in which they were ted, and not to the absence of the conditions which favor the development of the use in persons exposed, is shown by the history of the epidemic among the citizens of idjaceiit town of I'ensacola and the naval station at that place. At the naval station cases and 34 deaths occurred. The details are presented in the interesting report tided. (See Appendix, page 147.) At Key West, Florida, yellow fever was imported directly from Havana. The first case among the troops at Key West occurred August 22d; in all. there, were seventeen cases and two deaths, the last cases occurring in October. Tin.' disease was introduced by the Spanish frigate Francisco de Assiz, which, followed a few hours later by the English steamer Narva, arrived at Key West July 31st, for the purpose of laying the submarine cable between Key West and Cuba. The Francisco de Assiz had been lying for some time in the harbor of Havana, where she had -many cases of yellow fever on board. The health officer's wish to quarantine these ships was overruled by superior authority, and free communication permitted between the ships and shore. Shortly after the arrival of the tw< i ships, yellow fever appeared on the Xarva. Her sick, officers and men, were brought on shore and treated in the principal hotel, in the Marine hospital,. and in private dwellings, where many of them died. Up to this time there had been no yellow fever at Key \\ est, but shortly after cases began to occur among both the citizens and the troops. According to the report of a board of officers appended, (Appendix, page 153.) the first case of yellow fever at Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, appeared August 19th : and. in all, one hundred and eighty-six cases and thirty-two deaths occurred among the troops, the lasl cases being in October. There are, besides, thirty-six cases and two deaths reported among the white prisoners at the post, and two cases, not fatal, among the colored prisoners. Tire report of the bowd does not account for the introduction of the disease. The schooner Matchless, which arrived on the 25th of August, is said to have brought a case; but as five had occurred previously, the original introduction of the fever remained unaccounted lor It has, however, been ascertained, quite recently, that a case had occurred before the first mentioned in the report of the board, which fully explains the mode in which the disease was introduced. An officer who had visited Havana returned Krl Jefferson on the 3d or 4th of July; on the 18th he was attacked with yellow fever; •overed and went north, convalescent, Angus! 3d. The death of the medical officer irgeal the time undoubtedly accounts for the omission of this important tact in the al report. ¦Finally, at Tallahassee, Florida, two cases and one death are reported during the li of October out of a strength of 92 officers and men. Acting Assistant Burgeon i' 25 26 REPORT ON EPIDEMIC CHOLERA AND YELLOW FEVER. Ktaud says of the fatal case, that tlie patient was brought from Madison, Florida, bul tea that yellow fever was not existing either at Madison or at Tallahassee. I The foregoing summary statement exhibits the chief facts of the epidemic so far as ¦n. For details the reader is referred to the documents presented in the Appendix, merical summary of these facts shows that there were 1,349 cases and 428 deaths of ', 171 cases and 25 deaths of colored troops, including the cases in June; the mor' being 317 deaths per thousand cases, or one death to every 3.15 cases for the white, deaths per thousand cases, or one death to every 6.84 cases for the colored troopsmortality for the whole number, including both white and colored, was 298 per land, or one death to (.'Very 3.36 cases. It will be observed, on comparing the ratios above given, that the number of cases and t\\.e ratio of deaths to cases among the colored troops is considerably smaller than among the white. Since, however, the whole number of colored troops exposed was much smaller than that of the white, the comparison will be most fairly made if we take the figures for New Orleans, (see Tables 1 1 and 12, pp. 74-75,) where white and colored appear to have been exposed. Here it will be clearly seen that the proportion l£ cases and deaths to strength, and also of deaths to cases, is much greater among the white troops. Of these there were 866 cases and 256 deaths per thousand average mean strength for the ,-ix months, while of the colored troops, for the same time, the ratio was but 521 cases and 73 deaths per thousand of strength. The relation between cases and deaths was as follows: For white troops, 296 deaths per thousand cases, or one death to every 3.38 cases; for colored troops, IJI deaths per thousand cases, or one death to every 7 eases. Brhe weekly progress of the epidemic is well shown in the following tables for Gali. Houston, Xew Orleans, and Fort Jefferson, which are the places where the largesi er of cases occurred : I. WEEKLY MOVEMENT OF YELLOW FEVER AT GALVEBTON, TEXAS. Wkkk. Casks. Dkatiih. Wkkk. Casks. Dkatiis. Week- ending July Gth 2 Week ending Sept. 7t!i \\i 13 " 13th I 1 " 14th 29 19 « " 20th 1 I " 21st 2.3 12 « ttd 4 " 23th I 19 7 ?n* '-5d 3 l Oct. sth 8 5 & " u;th 13 I " " 18th ! I 3 " 17th h 1 " 19th 2 1 " 2.lth I U 6 " 20th 2 " • :sint wz 7 it Nc.v. 2d 2 Total ' 199 79 2. WEEKLY MOVEMENT OF YELLOW FEVER AT HOUSTON, TEXAS. Were. Casks. Deaths. Wll.K. Casks. Deaths. Week ending Si pt. T tli ; 1 Week ending Oct. 19th 2*l G " " 14th 5 1 " " 2!Jth 6 f> .> " 21st 3 2 Nov. 2d .) " " astli 3 2 It Oth 1 " Oct. sth I 12 4 " " Uth 15 4 Total 71 25 3. WEEKLY MOVEMENT OF YELLOW FEVER AMONG WHITE TROOPS AT NEW ORLEANS, LA. Week. (' \si:s. Week ending June :50th 1 " July Gth 2 " 13th ] 1 it " 20th. " " 27th ! 1 " * Aug. M I 2 " Kith 13 " " 17th 29 " 24th ! 25 " " 31st 39 " .Sept. 7th 43 " " 14th 98 " " 21st 150 Week. Casks. DEATHS. Week ending Sept. 2-7 22 " Utii 27 14 12 6 VMh a v 2fith y 6 Nov. 2d fi 4 Oth 4 3 a 11 Kith 1 v " 23d 2 3ilth 2 1 tt Dec. 7th 1 1 Total fifill 196 Deaths. 1 S 1 B 1 8 II v 11 40 4. WEEKLY MOVEMENT OF YELLOW FEVER AMONG COLORED TROOPS AT NEW ORLEANS. LA. Wkkk. Casks. ! Dkaths Week. Casks. Dk\tii>. Week ending Aug. 10th. 3 Week ending Oct. 12th | IS 6 " " 17th 8 v " 19th 5 X •> " " 20th :..; 6 i I " " 24th 6 •¦> " " 31st 1 " Nov. 2d ! 7 " Sept. 7th. L 3 1 " « 9th " 14th •Jl 3 lr.th. *• tt " 21«t 29 1 23d 30th. 1 v 88th. 20 5 ¦ i ii i . ..*¦*¦••• • • * • • Oot nth. :;j i 27 Casks. DEATHS. Week. Week. Casks. Deaths. Week eodhig Ang. tttl 3 1 Week ending Oct. sth | 1:5 3 n " :siPt ! i) l " " 12th 4 1 " " 19th 3 " Btpi 7th I 25 6 D " 14th 58 7 " " 2fith 1 " " 21st I 25 4 Unknown I 17 " 28th I 28 10 Total I lWi ¦ Thus, at Galveston, Texas, the greatest number of cases were reported during the weeks ending August 31st and September 7th; the greatest number of deaths during the Rending September 1 Itli. At Houston, Texas, the greatest number of cases during the ending October 19th; the greatest number of deaths during this week and the next. few Orleans, La., the greatest number of cases among the white troops were reported g the week ending September 21 st ; the greatest number of deaths during this week and the next. At the same place, among the colored t roope, the greatest number of eases during the week ending October sth : the greatest number of deaths during the following week. At Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, the greatest number of cases were reported during the week ending ¦mber 1 Ith; the greatest number of deaths during the week ending September 28th. Still further comparisons may be made from the monthly tables in the Appendix: thus, it [ndianola, the greatest number of cases and deaths occurred during July; at Qalveston, X September; at Victoria, Houston, and Bempstead, during October; at New Orleans, September; at Vicksburg, during October and November; at Fort Morgan, Mobile harbor, during August; at Mobile, during October; ai Key West, during September and October; at Port Jefferson, during September. Such facts strongly favor the belief that the period of maximum intensity corresponds to the date of the introduction of tlie disease, rather than to any supposed controlling influeno of season or climate. Fhe lists of patients already referred to ai the commencement of this report havi rendered it possible to construct the following tables, showing the nativities, ages, and length of service of the patients, and the comparative duration of the disease in the cases thai recovered and in fatal case ( \\ 111 I I TItOOPS. ) I.NATIV I T I E 8 < ws. Deaths. Cams. Deaths. Casks. Dbaths. Casks. Deaths. United States... 691 !•;."> llungvj i 1 n«Hssilsnil 8 2 kiula N M Poland 1 1 lti.lv 3 1 w England 60 U Russia \\ 2 East Indfas 1 • Ir.-lM.d 275 M BwadSß 7 3 AISM a 1 Beotland 11 4 Denmarli a 1 Notctated 49 27 ¦ki I I Belgium 1 Gotmuw i ho i\\ Fniim 7 Total I.SM 111 28 2. AGES. Casks. Deaths. Cam:s. Dkatiis. 20 jrWM or under 237 71 40 to 45 years 8 40 to 45 years 8 a 20 to 25 years ! 538 163 45 to 50 " 2 45 to 50 " 2 1 KtoSO " 232 • 70 Over 50 " 3 Over 50 " 3 1 3!»t035 '' 80 26 Not stated 75 3 Not stated 75 35t040 " 29 4 Total 1,204 368 Total 1,204 3. LENGTH OF SERVICE. 3. LENGTH OF SERVICE. Casks. Deaths. Cases. Dkat Casks. Deaths. C \si;s. Deaths. I ! 1 month or under 15 10 2 to 3 years 82 2 1 month or under 15 Hi 2 to 3 years I 82 ¦>l I to 3 months 30 11 Over 3 yei.rs H 1 I to 3 montbi 30 11 Over 3 ye.-.rs (56 P. 3t06 " '.. 61 25 Not Mated 329 90 3 to 6 " 61 ','.'> Not stated 329 99 6 months to 1 year 173 64 6 months to 1 year 173 CM Ito2years 448 125 Total 1,204 368 Total 1,204 :«> 1 to 2 years 448 125 4. DURATION OF CASES WHICH RECOVERED. 4. DURATION OF CASES WHICH RECOVERED. No. of days. Casi :s. No. of days. Casks. No. of days. Casks. No. of days. Casks No. OF DATS. Casks. No. of days. Casks. No. of days. Casks. No. of days. Ca-i- 30 5 46 2 2 16 17 30 5 46 5 2 •2 16 17 B 3 16 17 29 31 10 47 3 :? Hi 17 29 :;i 10 t7 3 1 4 14 18 19 32 9 50 3 II 1- l'.t 3 5 n 19 22 33 7 53 4 5 S3 in 'J-J 1 I H 20 21 34 6 58 4 f. 38 80 81 I 7 48 21 19 X 8 62 6 7 91 r.» '. 15 48 s 63 6 8 47 22 19 31! 1 G4 2 17 83 i;» 36 1 64 a 9 55 23 12 37 3 67 1 9 .-,:, 83 12 :?7 3 67 1 10 48 21 10 38 | 72 5 10 48 11 47 84 Xi 38 :: 73 .. 11 47 25 11 H | 75 1 17 85 II 39 •> 75 I 12 H M 14 40 2 m 1 12 •M •:<\ 11 l »:, 13 38 27 11 41 1 U l' 13 11 91 1 14 40 M 11 CI l EfotitatfML ll 88 II II 40 43 I 11 15 81 88 I" 41 7 Told 836 29 XXX BBPOBT ON EPIDEMIC CHOLERA AND YELLOW FEVEJi. 5. DURATION OF FATAL CASES. jl No. or BATS. Dkatiis. No. of days. Dkatiis. No. of days. Dkatiis. No. of days. Dkatiin. i ___ __ , , __ ( 1 28 10 18 19 1 33 I 2 43 11 7 20 1 M 1 3 61 12 4 21 | 37 1 4 55 13 1 22 1 51 2 5 4G 14 1 23 1 54 1 6 30 15 1 25 1 Not Htutod. I 7 23 16 1 30 1 8 18 17 3 31 1 9-12 18 2 ¦ 1 Total 368 < Ol OKI !> TROOPS J 1 . AGE 8 . Casks. DXATHB. Casks. Dkaths 20 years or under 33 4 35 to 40 years 2 ' 20 to 25 years ] 109 18 Not stated 1 25 to 30 years 14 2 30 to 35 years 7 1 Total Kifl 25 2. LENfJTH OF BERVICE. Cases. Dkatiis. Cahkn. Dkatiis. j 1 month or under A 1 1 to 8 ?«•)¦ :*. r > 8 Ito S months* ' 7fi U ItotjNM 8 1 Sto6wmdM II 8 Notfitiited 2 1 6 montliH to 1 y-AV 80 4 Total Iffl W> No. ok Days. No. of Casks. No. ok Days. No. 01 < asi>. No. ok Days. No. okCa :-4i it) 4 :y l 5 4 20 3 Sfl 4 G 8 81 I 37 4 7 0 22 | 38 2 8 8 23 5 39 5 9 0 24 2 4D 1 10 2 2.~> 2 41 1 11 5 <<2(i 2 4fi 1 12 6 27 2 54 3 13 7 28 5 57 1 14 8 29 4 07 1 15 f> 30 1 Not .stated. 1 If. 3 31 2 17 5 32 2 13 3 33 1 Total 141 4. DURATION OF FATAL CASES. | l • ll , i = No. ok Days. No. of Dkatiis. . No. ok Days. : No. of Dkaths. No. of Days. No. of Deaths. If 6 2 16 1 2 1 7 2 32 1 3 2 9 1 4 2 11 1 5 2 12 4 Total..*. 25 |_ ]_ i The lists of patients from which the foregoing tables were constructed, show thai second attacks of the same patient, during the same epidemic, occasionally occur; fourteen such cases are reported at New Orleans and six at Fort Jefferson. Of the medical officers exposed, by their duty, to the epidemic, thirty-one contracted the disease, and of these ten died, as shown in the following list : LIST OF MEDICAL OFFICERS, U. S. ARMY, WHO DIED OF VELD >W FEVER. 1. Surgeon George Taylor, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, died August 5, 1867, at Galveeton, Texas. 2. Assistant Surgeon 0. H. Rowe died September 5, 1867, at Qalveston, Texas. 3. Assistant Surgeon J. Sim Smith, Brevet Major, died September 8, 1867, at Fort .Jcfl'erson, Florida. 31 ¦4. Assistant Surgeon Samuel Adams, Brevet Major, died September 9, 1867, at cston, Texas. ¦5. Acting Assistant Surgeon B. S. Reiliy died September 28, 1867, at Rio (irande Texas. 6. Acting Assistant Surgeon Lucius Smith died October 21, 1867, at Hempstead, ¦7. Acting Assistant Surgeon W. E. Sav;>ge died November 21, 1867, at Ringgold icks, Texas. 8. Acting Assistant Surgeon 0. M. Dickerson died Jidy 7, 1867, at Columbus, Miss. 9. Acting Assistant Surgeon E. D. Grinder died November 25, 1867, at New Orleans, La. ¦10. Acting Assistant Surgeon G. W. Shields died August 10, 1807, at New Oilcans, iiana. LIST OF MKDICAL OFFICERS, U. S. ARMY, ATTACKED WITH YKLLoW FEVER WHO RECOVER FL> ¦1. Surgeon B. A. Clements, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, attacked September 15, , at New Orleans. La., recovered October 3, 1867. ¦I. Assistant Surgeon C. B. White, Brevet Major, attacked September 20, 1867, at Orleans, La., recovered October 13, 1867. ¦5. Assistant Surgeon H. E. Brown, Brevet Major, attacked October 28, 1867, at Orleans, La. 4. Assistant Surgeon M. J. Asch, Brevet Major, at St. Louis during September. B). Assistant Surgeon E. A.'Koerper, attacked September 15, 1867, at New Orleans, ecovered October 7, 1867. B. Assistant Surgeon H. McL. Cronkhite, attacked September 23, 1867, at Galveston . recovered October 12, 1867. ¦'. Assistant Surgeon Edward Cowles, attacked October 15, 1867, at Brownsville, , recovered November 7, 1867. ¦. Assistant Surgeon W. S. Tremaine, attacked October 31st, 1867, at Memphis recovered November 24, 1867. B. Acting Assistant Surgeon William Deal, attacked September 16, 1867, at New is, La., recovered September 27, 1867. 80. Acting Assistant Surgeon J. J. Auerbach, attacked September 16, 1867, at New is, La., recovered September 30, 1867. LI 1. Acting Assistant Surgeon F. A. Willmans, attacked September 30, 1867, at New US, La., recovered October ! 1, 1867. ¦2. Acting Assistant Surgeon Oreamua Smith, attacked September 2:'), 1867, at New s, La., recovered October 2, 1867. ¦:). Acting Assistant Surgeon Samuel Santoire, attacked -July 3, 1867, at [ndianola . recovered July 16, 1867. ¦1. Acting Assistant Surgeon C. C. Furley, attacked September 30, 1867, al Ring (arrack*, Texas, recovered October ~_ 1867. 15. Acting Assistani Surgeon .1. P. M. Forwood, attacked October 2, 1867, at Alex 32 ¦16. Acting Assistant Sturgeon L. Reynolds, attacked August 25, 1867, at Fort an, Ala., recovered August 30, 1867. 17. Acting Assistant Burgeon Heber Smith, at New Orleans, La ; no date given. 18. Acting Assistant Surgeon Henry Smith, at New Orleans, La,; no date given. 19. Acting Assistant Surgeon J. T. Payne, at New Orleans, La.; no date given. 20. Acting Assistant Surgeon J. Ridgely, attacked during September at Victoria, Tex. 21. Acting Assistant Surgeon Z. P. Doohnler, at New Orleans, La ; no date given. ITo the foregoing summary statement of the progress of yellow fever in the urmy ig the year 1867, it has been thought desirable to add a brief account of the circumes attending the limited occurrence of this disease among our armies during the war 3 rebellion. I The interesting reports and documents from which this account is drawn will, it is 1, be presented in full in the second volume of the medical history of the war. All can here be attempted is an outline of the most striking facts. I The strict blockade maintained for military purposes during the rebellion appears to served to protect our armies from yellow fever. The troops at New Orleans and igliout the Department of the Gulf wholly escaped, and the disease appeared elsewhere t a limited extent during the years 1862 and 1864. Bn July, 1862, yellow fever broke out at Key West, having been imported from la by the bark Adventure. It subsequently extended to Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, Hilton Head, South Carolina, tl;ough at both these places the number of cases was ratively small. From the quarterly reports of Surgeon E. S. Hoffman, 90th New ' York Volunteers, and appended documents, it appears that on June 17, 1862, the bark Adventure cleared from Havana and put into Key West, in distress, about the 20th, was quarantined ten days, and lay at quarantine three days after that time had elapsed. On the third day, or about sixteen days after leaving Havana, the first and second mates were taken sick with yellow fever. Two days later, or about the fourth or fifth of July, these patients, and two others of the crew, also sick with the fever, were taken on shore and placed in the Marine hospital, where the first mate died two days after, and the others ultimately recovered, one of them after a sickness of eleven days. July 27th, a soldier of the 90th New York was attacked, and the disease subsequently spread through the garrison with the results shown in the following table : AIMiUHT. NKPTKMUKi:. OCTOHKU. TOTAL. 447 :W5 3*2 415 1515 i:J7 :?9 331 :w H 7 71 to have been a hot mustard bath, followed MoBtl) JULY Mi'an strength 448 C.S.B. I Daatlu ! I The treatment generally pursued is stated by a purge of calomel and castor oil, and subsequently by large doses ot sulphate <>( 1 E 33 At this time a detachment of the 90th Now York volunteers garrisoned Port Jefferson, Tortugas, the medical officer being Assistant Surgeon J. Chapman, of that regiment. Eleven cases of yellow fever and four deaths are reported by him during the month of October. He, moreover, reports that there were a number of cases amongst the workmen employed by the Engineer Department, and that two of them died. I Dr. Chapman denies that the disease was imported, and states that all vessels arriving infected ports were quarantined from seven to fourteen days. It hence appears that Is did arrive from infected ports, probably from Key West, where the greater part c regiment was stationed; and as the time of quarantine allowed was insufficient, it obably, from Key West that the disease was introduced on this occasion. The treatemployed is not reported. At a still earlier period the epidemic was carried from Key West to Hilton Head, S. C. The report of Assistant Surgeon J. E. Semple, U. B. A., dated January 1, 1863, states that the steamer Delaware, with a detachment of the 7th New Hampshire Volunteers, arrived from Key West early in September, and, after a short quarantine, landed her passengers at Hilton Head September Bth. Shortly after several of them were taken sick and eight died, the last "of the fatal cases terminating September 17th. Assistant Surgeon General C. H. Crane, then Medical Director n.t Hilton Head, expresses his belief that unreported cases had occurred during the passage of the Delaware from Key West. B>n the 9th of October a quartermaster's employe was attacked, and subsequently 1 officers and soldiers. All these cases occurred in the vicinity of the wharf where elaware had landed her passengers, and Where, also, the hygienic conditions are id to have been bad. IFli'iv were at this time about ten thousand soldiers at Hilton Head and Beaufort, le disease did not spread among them; and in the general hospital, where most of the eases were treated, the physicians, attendants, and patients sick of other diseas ¦>, B Deluding the passengers by the Delaware, the whole number of cases at Hilton Head s follows: September, ten cases, eight deaths; October, twenty cases, eight deaths; nber, ten cases, nine deaths: total, forty cases, twenty-live deaths. In the treatment, reliance appears to have been placed chiefly on calomel and quinine. ¦he whole number of cases reported during 1 8G2 at Key West, Tortugas, and Hilton was 382, with 100 deaths. It i- interesting to mention, in this connection, that yellow fever occurred daring Icrn, N. C, and such other points as might be necessary, in order to collect such with regard to this epidemic as could be obtained at that date. Especial interest attached to the subject on account of the assertion that the fever had been introduced by infected clothing from the West Indies, sent via Halifax under the auspices of Dr. Blackburn. On this subject Dr. Hand has made a special report, dated April 1, 1866, in which he recounts his inquiries on the subject, and concludes, that although the infected clothing reached Washington, D. C, and was sold there, no evidence exists to render it probable that any of it reached Newbern. I This source of importation excluded, and the rigid nature of the blockade enabling land to make the statement that no vessel was admitted from an infected port, it must ipposed either that the disease originated at Newbern, or that it was brought overland Charleston, S. C, where it became epidemic a month earlier than the first case at jern. The following are the facts bearing on this question as collected by Dr. Hand I Yellow fever appeared in Newbern about the first of September, 1864, and was at ime reported by Dr. Hand to Surgeon C. McCormick, the Medical Director of the 'tment, as an epidemic of hepatic remittent fever of a fatal character. The real •c of the disease, however, was soon recognized; Dr. Hand enumerates the initial cases as follows ¦ 'Private 0. Pollock, 3d N. Y. Artillery, clerk at District Headquarters, corner of l and East Front streets, was admitted to Foster hospital September 2d and died mber 6th. B' Private F. Coates, 3d N. Y. Cavalry, orderly at District Headquarters, had been everal months; returned to duty August 23d, from Morehead City general hospital; ted to Foster hospital September Ist and died September 6th. ¦ 'Private G. C. Lillie, U. S. Signal Corps, was admitted to Potter hospital September from Signal Corps office, on opposite comel 1 iVom District i leadquarters, and died mber 6th'. 35 I" Mrs. Wllcox, a white refugee, corner of George and South Front streets, had chills r a month or more ; taken quite sick September Ist ; had black vomit ; turned yellow, and ied September 7th. This woman had lived in that house one month, and in Newbern ght months. "A Mrs. Prudence Rice, whom I did not see, died September 6th, in the next house to Mrs. Wilcox, with what was probably yellow fever. B Sergeant M. Rogers, 15th Connecticut, jailer at Confederate prison corner of George ollock streets, was taken September 7th; admitted to regimental hospital the same lg; had black vomit, and died September 9th." St will be seen, from the above extract from Dr. Hand's report, that Mrs. Wilcox was sick on September Ist, which is the same date as the earliest case reported among M>p§; that her neighbor, another woman, had the same disease, and died September lie date at which she was taken sick being unknown; nor is it possible now to know lanv other cases, unobserved and unreported, may have occurred among the refugees earlier period. 'It has been suggested that refugees from Wilmington, North Carolina, may have introduced the fever; but Dr. Hand's inquiries would appear to show that the epidemic at Wilmington broke out at a later date than at Newbern; and he relates that although a fewrefugees came in during August, none of them are known to have come from Wilmington. On the whole, Dr. Hand is of the opinion that the disease at Newbern was of local origin, and he recounts the various unfavorable hygienic influences which he supposes may have contributed to its production. t\fter the existence of the disease was recognized, soldiers and citizens were sent ly away from Newbern to Morchead City, Beaufort, Hatteras, Roanoke island, and lure. To this fact we must undoubtedly attribute the large proportion of the troops ¦scaped. In a number of instances individuals were attacked with the fever anion^ thus sent away: but, according to Dr. Hand, the disease nowhere spread to others, t at Beaufort, where it prevailed to a limited extent. • Beaufort is described as being !-nt in police and crowded with refugees from Plymouth and Little Washington. The following was the monthly number of cases and deaths among the white troops: September, 171 cases, and 70 deaths. October, 493 " " 200 November, 38 " " lg Total, 705 " 288 This gives the proportion of one death to every 2.4 cases, Of about two to tiv. At the Poster general bospital there were treated, besides, thirty-eight colored soldier-, of whom fifteen died, and forty one qnartermaster'l employe*,- of whom twenty-six died. In a letter dated October 31, L 864, Dr. Hand states thai sixteen medical officer! had been attacked up to thai date, and eight had died. ¦Ie treatment regarded besi waa a cathartic dose of calomel, followed by repeated — of the same medicine, not, however, pushed to ptyalism. Precise data ai to the prevalence of the disease among the citizens of Newbern and the retii". » t •• t f • ir mI Ia 36 REPORT ON EPIDEMIC CHOLERA AND YELLOW FEVER. 37 Surgeon C A. Cowgill, U. B. Volunteers, in charge of the Foster general hospit.il, Newbern, contributes a report to accompany his monthly report of sick and wounded for November, 18G t, which contains some interesting statements. It appears that 292 cases were admitted to that hospital during the epidemic; that 118 convalescents and attendants were attacked ; making, in all, 410 cases and 181 deaths of white troops. Dr. Cowgill states, on the authority of Surgeon Mayer, of the 15th Connecticut Volunteers, that after a number of cases of the fever had been brought to the hospital, the disease appeared among the inmates of the hospital, convalescents from malarious diseases being first attacked, then convalescents from other diseases, and finally the attendants. BDr. Cowgill further states, that during August and the early part of September tent and intermittent fevers were the prevailing types of disease, but that these disired during the prevalence of the epidemic. Previously to the outbreak of yellow fever at Newbern, it had made its appearance, as already stated, at Charleston, South Carolina. The first case was that of Mr. Dallas, living on Calhoun street near the citadel; he was taken sick July 27th, and died nine days afterwards. Two weeks later the disease appeared in several parts of the city. It is known that the steamer Druid, blockade runner, came into port a few days after Mr. Dallas was attacked, with yellow fever on board ; but Dr. Hand could not learn of the arrival of any other blockade runner for several weeks before, and could obtain no evidence that any previous ones had fever on board. The disease spread extensively in Charleston, and Dr. Hand estimates the number of cases at 2,000, with a mortality of thirty-five per At Wilmington, N. C, according to the inquiries of Dr. Hand, the fever of 1864 did not appearuntil October 10th. He statesthat aboutthelast of August the blockade runners Civile and Coquette lay at the quarantine grounds, three miles below the city, with cases of yellow fever on board. This fact excited alarm, and the quarantine was removed from that point to Smithville, near the mouth of Cape Fear river. Here, on October Ist, fourteen blockade runners lay in quarantine, and on all of them the mortality from yellow fever was great. At this time the fever spread from the ships to the shore, the first cases occurring in the houses nearest the quarantine fleet, and nearly one-half the citizens of Smithville died of it. Goods are known to have been smuggled on shore at Smithville, and it is quite probable that some of them were carried overland to Wilmington. i During the summer and fall of 1864, a number of cases occurred, also, on the naval Is lying before New Orleans. As usual, the disease has been said by some to have lated on the spot, and the bad hygienic condition of certain of the iron-dads has been ated as furnishing the necessary conditions. But the Spanish ship Pizarro. with w fever on board, had been sent to the quarantine station July 4th, and it is believed if a full account of all the facts of the case could be obtained, it would be found the naval epidemic of 1864 would prove no exception to the general rule. After the epidemic ;it Newbern, no considerable number of coses occurred in the army until the summer of 1867. During August, 1865, sixteen cases, none of them fatal, are reported in the District of Key West and Tortugas, without particulars. A few oases occurred, also, during 1866. One death is reported at Fort Jefferson during September; three deaths at New Orleans, one during September, one during October, and one during ¦miber; one death fit Brownsville, in November, the patient being an officer who had arrived from New Orleans. Finally, lil cases and one death of colored soldiers at Indianola, Texas, in October. It is known that daring the summer and fall of IS6<) yellow foyer prevailed among t\\e citizens of New Orleans. In conclusion, a few words may be said with regard to the relations of the facts set forth in this report, and in the appended documents, to the prevention of yellow fever. It is to be regretted that the experience of the army throws no more satisfactory light on the treatment of the disease, but it must be admitted that it is most instructive with regard to measures of prevention. Besides those general hygienic precautions which an- so important in the prevention or mitigation of all epidemic diseases, two simple and effective measures would appear to be specially indicated by the experience of the army during the war and subsequently. The first is quarantine, as a means of preventing the introduction of the disease; the second is the prompt movement of the command tosome rural site on the appearance of the fever among the citizens of the town at which it is stationed, <>r even after the disease has appeared among the men of the command itself. I.Vith regard to quarantine, it is well known that a great difference of opinion exists ' civil physicians ; nor is this surprising, since, in populous cities, approached by routes of travel, a foreign disease may readily be imported by persons eluding an feet quarantine. In such a cas ; ' it may be quite impossible for the physicians of the to determine the circumstances, naturally concealed by those who have broken the >r regulations on the subject. In the case of military detachments, however, especially during times of peace, the movements of individuals being so much more readily known, the mode in which such »li>( uses are introduced can very generally be recognised; and hence it is not surprising that recent distinguished Knidish writers on subjects connected with military medicine — Dr. Aitkin, in his Practice of Medicine, and Dr. Parkea, in his Hygiene — are advocates of the doctrine of importation. Dr. Parkes expresses the opinion that the incubative period is longer than is usually supposed, probably often fourteen or sixteen days. Several facts set forth in the appended documents would seem to show that, in certain cases, the di>iiH. . . Aoute diiirrhu'a. .. Chronic diiirrlicea.. Acute dysentery. . Chronic 1 dysentery. 20 1 6 8 M 4 I 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 Total. •20 1 10 1 11 I 8 3 i 49 5 All other diseases. M 55 1 . 43 ! 18 2 152 3 Aggregute. s(i 1 65 2 54 [ 26 5 1 201 8 9. VICKHBURG, MISSISSIPPI. JV I.V kvavn. nrnmn. octobeh. xovemtiek. mmmn. total. Mean Mniiigtli. 171 106 LM 18 282 . 377 3T'.» 267 gn Cm— ¦ l)r;ltli>. Coses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. 1 >.-;itlis. Cases. Death*. Cnscs. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Case-. Da Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases, lic.iili*. j H- •' 1 1 2 11 In morbiiH. . . diarrhoea. . . « 8 .... 3 :» i o it; 2 2 15 •••• 1 • 4 .... '-'I 16 16 15 17 1 3 P8 -1 3 :» i 2 it: 1 7 4 3 Total . v 111 o 30 23 1 211 22 1 5 134 : All I'thiT UHMI I 63 (iit ! UB 2 137 4 fi!' 1 533 AgfMgat*. 71 :i 93 1)2 1 m 2 m 5 74 i m 1 II Aluooiif fatiil case in June. MADISON, ARKANSAS ••!. OCTOIIEIt. NoVI.MIJK.It. DEIKMUKK. TOTAL. 4. Deaths. Cholera * 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 7 ( 'lmlera inorbus 5 1 Acute diarrhoea 44 20 10 ! 12 13 i 8 113 2 ' 2 Chronic diarrhoea 4 1 1 [ 1 14 Ai ute dysentery. . . 2 ! 5 4 1 1 ' 1 14 Chronic dysentery ' I 'Z Total H a 1 :.i 1 14 16 14 9 J. 17 1 14 16 14 9 137 ! 1 •h i I <;»; i M l 71 326 a All other diseases 28 | 45 1 1 48 l a; M l 71 320 :i 2 nr.u. \ rotkmbib. dbcxmbbk. total. Man itnofth 114 l 23 1 -21 19U L 39 129 1 •.'.-. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths Ca«ex. Deaths. Ciiscm. I), ail,.. C.,.,-. I), -.,•!,-. <;,-,-. I).. ¦!!¦-. l ! l Cl.nliT.i niorlius 7 1 1 I 3 11 Acute diarrhoea 36 12 I 10 23 17 4 102 Chronic 'liiirrhu'a. 1 1 A ciili' dysentery 4 Amu- ilvM'iiti-iy 4 2 3 2 11 Chronic dysentery Chronic dysentery I i Total 47 l.'l 13 20 20 _ 7 126 Total 47 ' 13 13 1 26 J 20 J 7 126 All other diseases 47 35 56 fi'J 52 41 300 All ntlit-r diseases 47 35 56 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cuses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. DttAi. Cases. Deaths. Casei Deaths. Cases. Death Cuses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Death*. ( lloltTJl 1 1 Cholera morbus 6 1 1 1 1 ' ' 9 1 Cholera morlms (i 1 1 B i l ' ! n l Acute diarrhoea 24 1!) i 21 10 6 5 j 85 Arute diairlueu I 24 l!l Chronic diarrhuea ' Acute dysentery 1 1 J 7 1 5 4 IS Arute dysentery 1 I 7 Chronic dysentery ' ' * Chronic dysentery . ! | , Total 32 ; 21 [ 2!» IS 11 9 114 Total 3:3 21 2!» II ] !•„> ! 11 9 114 1 All oth.-r diseases 29 32 j 44 44 52 32 j 233 All other diseases j 29 32 44 52 32 1 233 AfgNgata i 61 53 73 56 63 41 347 Ajrif rebate , (il 53 73 1 56 03 41 347 1 8. JEFFI RSOX BARRACKS, MISSOURI 8. JEFFERSON BARRACKS. MISSOURI. (Colored Troops.) (Colored Troops.) Months JULY. AVOVWt. SF.I'IKMHKIi. OCTOHEIi. NOVEMIIEK. DBCEMNDL* TOTAL. Months I JII.Y. AIe. IST. iKITKMBER. OCTOHKIi. NOVEMIIKIi. DBCBMBUL* TOTAL. M.an stri-njfth I 2 4 114 Mean strength I 1.1 j*i ~ j ' Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. CaMfc ITMIIII OmMi l>r;ith~. OMM Dtltkli Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. ClIMi Deaths Death.-. Cases De.itlis. Cases. Deaths Case-. Deaths Cases. Deaths. (!ases. I Deaths, Cum, OlMtan I ' U 5 I l U 6 L 3 Cholera morbtU. A.m.- diarrhoea | 2 ChiiMiie dianhiea ] 3 32 Acate dysentery. . Chronic dysentery 1 I 1 1 5 5 1 ™ 6 Total I I J 39 All other discuses 2 1 i 4 - Aff»rroKuto 4 2 4 43 I I N ¦rt re, 5 ' 1). FORT RILEY, KANSAS j|, ,,,,!,, JLI.V. AldlHT. ¦nfl>BML OCTOHKH. MtVKMIIKK. 1 iKCK.MUKIt. TOTAL ¦ Mnin .-tr.ii(ftli II :tl 9 I<> 1" U 2fi Cases. Heaths. Cases. Deaths. Case*. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cased. Deaths. Cases. Dwtfki. SS'prtH"""" ." •" 1 Aeut'' iliiirrhu-a 4 4 ' 8 Chnnii.' i!i:irrhu'a ' Acute dysentery I Chronic dysentery Total 4 4 ' ' 8 All oth.-r disuses B 1 S 1 ! 8 1 , , _l I I Affjrrepate • 1 6 1 U 1 ' I I I*l hi -i.-nifr bit rv rivtil 10. FORT RILEY, KANSAS ( Colored Troops. ) JII.V. AUGUST. BKPTEMBEB. OCTOHKH. NoYK.MIIKIi. HKCKMIIKK. TOTAL. M.-.m strength 4 <*> 17ti 17.) ~T.:t 47H )H7 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cm« Deaths. Cuses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Ohm Deaths. Times. Deaths, dimes. Deaths, discs. Deaths, ('uses. Deuths. Cases. Deaths, ('uses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. OlMtaa ' I i 2 l Ctatal I ' ' 2 1 1 1 2 1 Cholera morbus ' ! Cholera inorbus A.m.. .Lairl..-! j 13 20 17 2 17 fi!> A.it. .1air1.,.., 13 1 20 17 2 17 69 < li runic diarrhoea ' Chronic diarrhoea . Aente dysentery...* ' 1 1 ' A— *» Ajnmimj ! ! l 1 ¦ Chronic dysentery 1 1 1 1 i i - Total 13 21 1 17 4 18 1 VI II Total \ 13 21 1 17 1 4 18 1 71 2 All nth-r diseases 1 42 73 fil 2 B 1 122 1 M 4 | All other diseases I 1 ! 42 1 73 fil 2 03 ' 1 I 122 1 .'l-VJ 4 Affip-eirate I ¦ 94 1 78 2 57 1 140 2 fM 6 | Ajftrretrato I 55 !>4 1 78 2 57 j 1 140 I 2 1 4^'.". 6 11. FORT MARKER, KANSAS. 11. FOKT SABKEB, KANSAS. Months JOLT. AOOIOT. : in MiiK.it. orToiiKit. m>\ i:\iiikh. i>i:< KMitr.u. totau , Mean strength 74 U4 2*12 :«K) 211 HI VM> Cases. Deaths. Case*. DMtfMi OHM. I ><-:it)i^. Ohm, DcbUMi OHH Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Heaths. '•'x.W-ra M 19 1 " 28 -•() ClinU rii inorlms : 1 I ' A«ut<- .|i ,rrh<»-H M '¦*> 1 80 21 6 2 157 1 OfcMaJi Kmlm tjwmtmj l ' l 3 3 8 Oir'Hi.i ,[\ -cntiry 1 1 Total 62 \'.> :tl U m ¦ ft 1 5 IM 22 All <»th<-r diiK-aoes t; Tl7 1 71 43 2!» 12 1 I!)H S Ainrr.*..!.- - I!) | H 3| IM £5 :» 1 17 1 j :i!.- 24 I 6 12. FORT HABKEB . KANSAS ( Colored Troops >•) JULY. AIIiUBT. KFTBMBBB. OCTOBBB. ROVBMBBB. DKCBMNM. TOTAL. Menn strength MO i:tl ].> I', I !¦>•.• 1-,' discs. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. C.im-s. Deaths, ('uses Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Heaths. Cases. Deaths. ¦Ml D— tin. Omh Deaths. Q— — i Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Okafan 15* 8 ' 2 1 ir, io Cholera j 15* 8 9 13 10 Cholera iiinrlii.s Cholera iiiorlius Acute diarrhoea Ki7 !H 1 38 10 i 11 7 :ut 1 Acute diarrhowi 107 01 1 38 10 11 7 3'->4 1 Chronic diarrhu-a ' 1 Chronic diarrhuMi 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 Acute dysentery ' 3 ' 3 1 5 11 Acute dysentery 3 3 : 5 ii .. Chronic dysentery 1 1 Chronic dysentery. ! , I I J Total 180 10 M 3 38 10 15 13 353 Total ¦ 180 10 91 3 38 10 ! 15 13 353 13 I All other diseases :tJ 5 37 1 32 1 20 j 19 1 5 144 8 All other diseases U) 5 37 I 1 32 1 20 19 II 144 8 Aggregate 217 15 128 4 70 1 30 34 1 18 497 21 Aggregate \ 217 U 128 ' 4 70 I 1 30 ! 34 j 1 18 497 21 I ! , , i ! ! * A.so 3 cases and 1 death in June. A '-H 3 MM ami 1 death ill June. 13. COMPANIES "D" AND "E," 38tl. INFANTRY, (EN BOUTI FROM lOBT MARKER TO MEW MEXICO.) 38tli INFANTRY, (EN BOUTI FROM FORT MARKER TO NEW MEXICO.) 13. COMPANIES "D" AND "E," ( Colored Troops. ) ( Colored Troops. ) ( Htfiort (/(tthert-d from Col. Merriam's letter.) ( Rrfiort ijntliernl from Col. Mcrrium's letter.) Months ! fOIX 4OBUR. MUI E.MIIKH. OCTOHKK. XOVEMHKIt. I>K< KMIIF.H. TOTAL. ak.isi. nrnxawL oorosu. motbmbbb. wit ft ran total. JLI.V. Mean strength 232 Mean strength 232 I i i _____ i Cases. Deaths. Oases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deiiths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. D.-ath-. Cases. Deaths, ('uses. Deaths. Chsi-h. Deaths. Cimes. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. (';is.-s. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cholera ! 28* 10 '' j 28 10: Cholera i 28* 10 ! 28 10 Cholera morlnist J ' I a niorhiist diarrhoeat . . . I diarrhceat.. dysenteryt. . . c dyseateryt . Acute diarrhueat ' I Chronic dinrrhoeat Acute dysenteryt Chronic dyseateryt [ # j Total. All other diseases All other diseases. Abrogate Abrogate. * Also one fatal case in June. t No data. AIM one fatal case in June. t No data. 14. lIEADQ'RS, AND COS "A" AND " X," SBtb INKY, (EN ROUTE FROM FORT lIAKKER TO NEW MEXICO.) ( Colored Troops. ) .Months JULY. AUGUST. UfIUUM ¦ OCTOBER. M >\ I MliKI!. HF.( KMIIKH. TOTAL. ' i 1 Mean strength IH4 17!t Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cuses. Deaths. Cases. Deuths. Cases. iL.ttl... (a-. Daatkl Cholera 4(i 17 1 47 Chofera morlms ". -• Acute diarrluea 1 43 j « Chroni.(lianl, 3(i 131 Agirrejf"t»> 113 17 82 1 ' 2:i5 17 7 15. FORT LABNED, KANSAS. Months .lII.V. AUGUST. SKITKMISEH. OCTOIiKK. KOVRMBKK. PKCKMIIKIt. TOTAL. Mean strength 100 172 Kl7 180 218 217 IHI (¦•-.s. Deaths. Cases. Deaths, discs. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths, ('uses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cholera 5 4 I ; 4 Cholera morbus ' Acute diarrhoea 55 !) 9 4 3 4 84 Chronic diarrhoea : Acut.- dysentery 1 | 2 ,\ 3 .... 2 3 j 14 Chronic dysentery Total II 4 11 12 7 5 7 103 4 All other diseases 33 22 2 33 19 2!) 1 8 135 I Approbate 1)4 4 33 2 45 20 25 1 15 238 7 I it;, fort LASHED, Kansas. (Colored Troops.) Months JULY. AL'MST. BEITKMHKU. OCTOItICK. XOVKMIIKK. DECKMHKIt. TOTAL. Mean strength 72 C 8 H 4 17. VOW DODGE, Kansas. Months ji i.r. A COURT. KEITKMIIEK. OCTOBEB. ROVEMBBI) DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean -tnimili U ;;I 301 2. r jo 314 BTS 317 Cit-ec iJciitlis. (iis.-s. Ix-atl,-. Ciiws. Ix-atlm. Cn»». Deaths. Cas.-s. IX'iilhs. ( .!><•>. D.atlis. Caiw. Putin Cum. Cus.'s. D.atlis | _^ • li'.l.ia B M 4 | Chotera 1 n tt 4 1 rhi.lrra morhiiH LI ) rin.lrra tuorhiiiH '..'. .' J I ••¦¦ • ¦ 'liarrhceu. '.»> i>H l'j 4 (i 5 r, 99 < hroiiic . FORT HAYS, KANSAS. ( Colored Troops. ) Months JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBKK. NOVEMBER. PKCEMBEK. TOTAL. 889 Mean strength 181 2-.>o 243 248 545 . 29!? 2ft) Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Caws. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Caaes. D« 1 , i ] ' Cholera. l'J 9 12 14 2 j 33 Choir ra morbus I Acute diarrhoea CO 1 13 16 27 11 10 137 1 Chronic diarrhoea ' Acute dysentery \ 1 i ' I ... Chronic dysentery ' ' Total 79 10 25 14 19 37 11 10 171 : | All other diseases 46 1 43 1 8 25 38 4 30 3 l!» r > A *if Polite 125 11 73 15 27 52 4'J 4 40 3 3«6 a 2.1. DOWflUri STATION, KANSAS. 83. DOWNER'S STATION, KANSAS. Months JULY. ALOUBT. BEITEMBER. OCTOBER. Month* JULY. ALOUBT. BEITEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. XGVEMBKIC. DKCEMHKH, TOTAL. I • Mean strength 76 91 84 ¦ 84 83 83 Mean Ktren^th. 76 83 k; n -i -j Cases. Deaths. ; Cases. Deaths. < -- Deaths. ; Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. < fa».-H,f a».-H, Deaths. Cum-. 2 1 g 1 Korbus rrhoea iarrhcea 4 ".. 7 2 1.1 1 II 1 By»<;ntejy dysentery 4 4 | 1 1 I 1 •1.., ..1. 8 II I 4 1 in 1 ID II M All oth<-r ili-.-u--- 7 1 10 5 ¦I I II 73 1 II 10 24. MONUMENT STATION, KANSAS. ( Colored Troops. ) , Months JULY. AUGUST. BEPTEMIIEK. OCTOIIFJI. NOYKMUKH. I>E( EMISKR. TOTAL. I Mean strength ! 115 2"> 40 41 C 3 03 58 Cases. Deaths. Cages. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cafes. Deaths. Cholera 3 1 | | 3 1 Cholpra morbus .1 : Acute diarrhoea 10 1 |.. ! 11 Chronic diarrhoea J ! A. ute dysentery 2 ! 1 ' J 3 Chronic dysentery ' I ' . I Total 15 1 I 2 17 1 j All other, diHeases 7 9 8 2 2 2 30 Aggregate 22 1 11 8 2 ' 2 2 47 1 25. DETACHMENT OF SEVENTH CAVALRY. NEAR FORT WALLACE, KANSAS. Monthß JULY. AUGUST. BEPTEMIIKH. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMHEK. TOTAL. Meanstrength 3~>3 117 ' ¦ I . l I ' | Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Death*. Cholera 14 9 3 2 ; 17 11 Cholera morbus 6 ! 6 ! Acute diarrhoea 71 ' 23 ' j i 94 1 Chronic diarrhoea 1 ' j 1 ¦ Acute dysentery ] I ' i I Chronic dysentery I j Total 92 9 26 2 : 118 All other diseases 44 17 ' I 61 j Aggregate 136 9 43 3 179 11 ; 26. FORT WALLACE, KANSAS. Months JULY. AldlHT. KEI'TEMBEIt. OCTOBER. KOVE.MBKK. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean strength 300 425 443 385 355 Cases. Deatha. Cages. l>eaths. Cases. Deaths. Case*. Deaths. ! Cases. Deaths. Cholera 1 25 11 Cholem morbus I 6 Acute diurrhoea 6 16 ' 6 ! 5 lti Chronic diarrhoea Acute dysentery I 2 10 2 1 2 Chronic dysentery Total 8 1 57 U 7 7 1 lfi AH other diHeases 11 [ 22 | 24 1 19 ' 40 AWrejrntßA W rejrntB 19 79 13 31 1 2ti I 56 :ci 380 Cases. Deaths. CUM. Deaths. 11 6 8 57 i: 2 10 105 13 M i 155 1 49 1 260 14 11 27. FOHT SMITH, ARKANSAS. I i ' I Months JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMDER. TOTAL. • I Mean strength 77 70 69 170 171 318 146 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cages. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Caves. Deaths. Cholera '. 2 2 ;...' 2 2 Cholera morbus : 2 ! 2 Acute diarrhoea 13 12 22 20 ...• 3 3 73 \ | Chronic diarrhoea ' - | Acute dysentery 1 5 2 8 1 I Chronic dysentery I : j Total 15 18 25 2 25 5 3 85 2 I All other diseases 43 i 73 58 1 81 1 42 1 40 1 337 4 j ¦ | _ Aggregate 58 85 83 3 106 1 47 1 43 1 422 6 '¦ ! I 28. FORT GIBSON, CHEROKEE NATION. Months JULY. AUfil BT. .SEITEMBER. OCTOHEK. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean strength 143 130 144 140 207 189 159 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cholera 1 1 1 j 1 j Cholera morbus 5 j 5 Acute diarrhoea 10 1 7 3 I 20 1 Chronic d'arrhcea. 1 1 Acute dysentery 1 j 1 1 ¦ 1 4 Chronic dysentery ' I I ; Total 16 1 8 j 1 1 1 4 1 31 All other diseases 15 33 1 55 52 23 1 26 204 1 ! . ' ; | I i Aggregate 31 1 41 2 56 53 27 27 235 3 29. FORT GIBSON, CHEROKEE NATION. ( Colored Troops. ) Month* JULY. AlfilST. SKITKMBKK. OCTOHER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean strensrth 100 60 10 99 99 80 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Case*. Deaths. Cases. Death*. Cases. Deaths. Caws. Deaths. Case*. Deaths. ( h'.l.-ru iiiorbiia 2 2 A. ut. ¦ .lii.rrhoea. 10 3 1 1 15 1 C)ir<.nir ili.-irrheea AMil ¦Ivd.titcfy 2 2 riirmiK- dysentery Total 15 2 3 1 1 20 All other diseases 9 1 16 31 1 3 8 68 1 Aggregate W 3 19 ¦ 1 4 8 88 I , 12 30. FORT ARBUCKLE, CHEROKEE NATION. Months | JULY. AUGUST. BEITEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean strength Ml 128 126 113 171 181 148 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Death*. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. i Cholera morbus ! j Acute diarrhoea 17 5 2 1 j 7 10 42 Chronic diarrhoea 1 ' i 1 j Acute dysentery 4 2 2 2 1 11 Chronic dysentery ' ' ||. | I Total 26 4 7 4 4 i 8 10 59 4 | All other diseases 22 56 85 92 3 34 23 312 3 i . Aggregate 48 4 63 • 89 96 3 | 42 33 371 7 31. FORT ARBUCKLE, CHEROKEE NATION. ( Colored Troops. ) Months JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean strength 64 79 88 86 189 181 115 i i I Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Dea'hs. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. I ' I I Cholera 3 3 Cholera morbus Acute diarrhoor: 21 3 5 5 j 34 Chronic diarrhoea | Acute dysentery Chrouic dysentery ' -. Total 24 3 5 5 37 j All other diseases 11 1 18 45 39 18 19 150 i 1 Aggregate H 1 18 ! 48 ' 39 23 j 24 187 1 32. BATTALION SIXTH U. S. INFANTRY, EN ROUTE TO FORT ARBUCKLE, CHEROKEE NATION. Month* JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBEK. NOVEMHF.R. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Menu strength 129 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths- Cases. Deaths. i Cases. Deaths. Cholera 40 16 40* 16 I Cholera ;norbus ; I Acute diarrhoea Chronic diiirrhcea 40 j 40 Acute dysentery : ' Chronic dysentery ' I I Total 80 16 80 16 [ All other discuses 9 9 | AircTeirato 89 16 89 lt> 13 33. FORT COLUMBUS. GOVERNOR'S ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOR. Vunths JCLT. AfcrST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. XOVEXBEK. DECEMBER. TOTAL. M«aa stren#rtb I M 875 eB7 777 903 892 860 ! Cases. Death*. Cum. Deaths. Ca«s. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Death*. Cholera. 11 5 24 13 35 18 ! Cholera morbos 11 U Acute diarrho* 169 IS? 259 45 12 M 662 ! Chrotii* diaxrh« 1 i 1 A-t.ajM.t-y IS ¦ U 5 a S | « CW—dy«««y 1 1 1 1 1 Total. iel 187 5 308 18 i- 2 13 ! 1 21 738 M JLU otfcsr diisann 149 138 150 2 II 100 1 118 732 3 A«-*reirate 33; 325 5 458 20 ; 125 2 113 2 139 1,490 29 Month* JILT. MM SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. SOVEXBEJL I-ECEMBER. TOTAL : i _L : , Meat strength 409 202 337 305 302 360 347 ' !—:! — : ; , ¦ Cases. Deaths. Cases. .Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cholei. ' 3 ! 8 4 10 4 Cholera morbui . Acute dUrrho. 55 53 75 1 31 35 12 261 1 ' - .:-¦ - . Acute dysentery 6 1116 4 7 j 5 29 I Chronic dysentery 1 1 Total ol I I 56 1 I ¦ 5 36 42 17 301 7 All other disease* 56 3 46 47 39 61 54 305 3 Ajrrrejmte 119 4 102 1 136 5 H 103 71 606 10 13 14 35. CASES OF CHOLERA DURING THE LAST SIX MONTHS OF 1867. NOT INCLUDED IN THE FOREGOING TABLES. Months JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBES, MOYSMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. a • a • a • a • • . i . i Illlilijijili] __ __. ___ WHITE TROOPS. New Orleans, 1 a 1 4 2 116 CaseofDr. McGill 1 1 1 Plattsburg Barracks, N.Y 1 1 1 Recruits i-n route ' 1 1 1 Recruits at Galveston | I 25 4 25 4 Recruits at Gal veston , 25 4 25 Recruits at Hempstead 15 1 15 1 Recruits at Hempstead 15 1 15 Recruit* at Indianola 13 2 13 Recruit* at Indianola 13 2 13 2 Recruits at Onion Creek 1 9 19 1 Recruits at Onion Creek ; 9 1 9 Total white troops 1 1 2 1 4 2 64 10 71 Total white troop* 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 64 10 71 14 ? _ . COLORED TROOIS. COLORED TROOPS. New Orleans 113 14 New Orleans 113 14 2 Fort Jackson, La 1 1 Fort Jackson, La 1 1 , , , i : Total white and colored. 1 1 2 j 1 1 5 3 67 11 76 16 Total white and colored. 1 1 2 1 1 5 3 67 11 76 ¦ 36. TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES OF CHOLERA. ¦ 86. TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES OF CHOLERA. * j j i i Month* JULY. Months JULY. augi/st. September. October. November, uf.ckmber. totai AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOUF.R. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. X I I | I i I i I llt i I i i ~Z Z C — — £ Z C — C ¦~ Wbito troops 141 75 Colored troop* 135 58 Total white nnd colored. 276 133 21 i 11 3 4 2 64 10 314 138 58 27 36 24 >2 3 13 5 5 2 3 2 183 89 82 49 39 21 24 8 9 4 67 12 497 227 1 Besides the above, there are reported during the month of June 3 cases and 1 death of white. 4 cases and '2 death? of colored troops. 15 B. EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL REPORTS. < I It < I I. \ It \o. 3.; Wai: Dbpaktmbm f. BtTSOKOX General" s Offick, rTiiUfnjfrri, /;. (".. Aj.rii2'i. 1*67. In view of the possible prevalence of cholera during the approaching summer, the following instructions are promuL'a*- 1 ! Every ndtKfVf will be maile by medical officers to prevent the introduction of cholera from infected command*, or it- MB* veyance from point to point. l>y a "quarantine of observation" upon all detachments of recruits or troops arrivint: or depart inir from depots, posts, or recruiting stations at or near which this disease prevails: prompt reports ot its appearance in commands either en rout' or in garrison : and isolation of all cases so far as practicable. In addition to the strictest hygienic police, enforcement of personal cleanliness and thorough disinfection, attention should kx? paid to the quality of the water used for drinking and cooking purposes. When pure rain water cannot he procured in M I quantities, and the spring or river water contains organic impurities, it should be purified by distillation, or th*- MSiMI BMrttt precipitated by permanganate of potash. From half a grain to one irrain of the crystalized permansranate for its equivalent in solution) added to one gallon of water should produce a decided pinkish hue, which disappears within Iwwlj-fau hours, | if the salt has not been used in excess.) the water should then be drawn off. and is ready for use. ¦irbid water, such as that of the Rio Grande, lower Missis-ippi and its tributaries, should be filtered, or allow.- 1 I - • using. The deposit of impurities can be hastened by the addition of powdered alum in small quantities, well diffus-d bj lis always, but more especially in times of threatened danger of pestilence, the duty and privilege of medical officers to the practical eut'trestions of experience and professional knowledge for the protection of the health of troops to their nding officers ; and the history of the epidemic t£ cholera in 18 J6 shows that only by combined and untiring vigilance. :ic action, and rigid enforcement of hygienic measures, within the reach of every commander, can we hope to avoid. k.-ep k, or eradicate this disease. Besides the usual reports of sick and wounded, every medical officer in charge of choler< cases will forward to the burgeon General's Office, ut the close of each month, a list of cholera patients in the following fonu: 8p 'i' R'p->rt of Chaltrm Patitntt at Mont\ of 1^ Nativity. Age. Rank. Regim't. Compy. s^Seh! JJ** ,£££ Remarks. months. Name. / . v A. -fill m.rhods of 'natment and n suits of autopsies will ftlao 1»- eoumnnicated. Bl senior medical oAeV at eveiy p..st at whii-h rholera appi ar-. will make a special report to the BafgWM GUaml, - y fa<-ts he may !>•• able to a-.-.rtain M t<« the introduction of the diseas.-. and MBMiafy tIMM baariag upon if- in |- -rtatii.n ictel points by iwiaill Bt "tin r-. DC i'- a|i|« iifiitly spontaneous origin at tin- j»< «~t. .1. k. i:\i:\i:> > '•¦ ¦ ' . v i ? XEW ORLEANS, L.A. Extract from Monthly Report of Sick and Wounded. Xew Orleant Pott Hospital, Greenville, La . Xorember, 1867. E. A. Koerptr, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A^ A tendency to choleraic diarrhoea is showing itself. Henry Sadler. Private, Company "A/ 39th I". S. Infantry, (colored,) was admitted to hospital at 11. HO o'clock a.m., in a state of collapse, and died at quarter before nine of the same day, in spite of all efforts to save him. Extr'irr from Monthly Report of Sirk and JVounded, Xrw Orleans Post Hospital, Greenville. La.. December. 1867. E. A. Koerptr. Assistant Surgeon, I. S. A. Simon «ireen. Private. Company "A." 39th I". S. Infantry, (colored,) died eleven hours after admission. When admitted he was in a collapsed condition, from which he could only partially be made to react. Two cases of choleraic diarrhoea were successfully treated. Eitra't from Monthly Report of Sirk and Wounded, Greenville. La.. Jbr»mb*r. 1^67. Wm. Deal, Acting Assistant Surgeon. U.S.A. The three cases of epidemic cholera noted on the tabular list of diseases, contractedthedisea.se whilst on guard duty in New Orleans". They were sent to the pott hospital as soon a.* reported. Two recovered, and the third died within ten hours after the attack ; he was in a dying condition when the ambulance arrived with him from the city. Great cure has been taken in keeping the wards clean, and disinfecting the water-closets. Daily, for over three months, a solution of sulphate of iron has been put in the privies. Many cas«-s of incipient diarrhoea have been treats! and checked without the soldiers being relieved from duty; the eight in the tabular list did not reach an average of two days in quarters. No case of cholera during the summer or fall originated in camp here. Jackson Barracks. Nkw Orleans. La.. Etbruary 4. 1888. KERAL: I havf the honor to enclose herewith tabular lists of all the cases of cholera and choleraic diarrhoea which have at this post during the month of January last ; also, of those occurring in September, November, and December, 1867. occurred in Oatsbv. I--'" The case* of cholera number only three, and of choleraic diarrhoea four, and the cases of each disease thus recorded did not differ from each other except in the degree of severity of their symptoms, and, with the exception of the ca*e in December, were all distinctly traceable to imprudence in eating or intemperance in drinking. liew of the extensive prevalence of the disease in the city of New Orleans during the past four months, the small number occurring in this command during the same period is noticeable, and may be considered due to the general excellent condition of the post as to cleanliness, ventilation. &c, of the quarters and hospital, the thorough daily disinfection of i of the poet, and the immediate disinfection of the dejections of all the sick in the hospital, which measures doubtless d any spread of the disease, the predisposing causes of which are apparent in the adjacent city, and inherent in the habits ldiers of the command, a considerable portion of whom an- recruits. Y< ry respectfully, your obedient servant. B. A. CLEMENTS, S'li-f'-n, and llrfi-ft Lieiitet.ant CtlmttL f . >'. I litewt M:.;..r <.. -Html .1. K. Harni:s. Smrmm ¦ Qtmmd. Extrart fro-A Monthly Report of Svi and lY>.und'd ¦¦f ( .. .1, :*,:;,/ I .S. Infantry. X'ic Orl'ant, L-juitlann, January, 1868. Hebtr Smith. I tt.iht Surgeon, I.S.A. ¦Wane Cholera: This report is for ('•>. "A.' M Infantry. (b7 men.) and the post band. (17 men.) Under the head •mic cholera, all cases of choleraic tendency are rej*>rted. although only two of them became fully developed. The otben in my opinion, be called 'choleraic diarrhoea, or cholerine^" Company 'A' arrived on the 10th inst. from the MM—ctfoo of Georgia, and cholera made its appearance almost immediately among the men. 18 VIDALIA, LA. Baton Boucm, La.. Nmeatitrb, 1-67. KXKHAL: I have the honor to forward special report of cholera, and brief lii.-itory of tlie MMM as it appeared in camp at La., at the commencement of the month of October, 18(17. Blfag the months of June, .July, August, und September, cholera appealed amongst the freednien on many plantation,-, only miles from our camp. This made us very vigilant. IJy my .idvice mid direction, every sanitary MMWI wa.- enfurce/ II <,„„,/,n the morning of the SiiJtli of June. 1-67; he was immediately admilied ii> the h<»pit.il. In the course of two hour* ked symptoms of Asiatic «ho!era pre.«ented themselves, his extremities became cold, tlie action of his heart ueak. he re cram,., and ,-,, «a,,r purging and mi,,,, ' I nder the bfcW of „,,,„ , ?„,.,! feti.*-, ***- and the 19 »*»raal oee of «imaJant». *c.. 1* ral&ed far a thne. b« dieJ at aoout a qaaM past three p. n.miiux^cu^. Iteaaao* W ÜBil^faKflyfcuhMmyfcwgfwwlkiiiMitohwiipMlrißrKfabna. TW MBICU7 isudirian of the eaap has kn ppiamani ante by several tojaarthaj aofcm who hare reewtly visited .-"*'" -* - " •"*' **~ . "*'' ¦ ¦*¦ - ¦ "" -•¦;»¦¦ .»""¦. *:.:.:"r- ..-•-¦-'¦. ".. .'*"l y _ ¦•.---- ¦-¦¦-.-.-.:;.- -;... ¦• ..... :¦•..¦¦.. _ .•• . — 7 ¦ ¦ ¦ • - ¦ _...- ... - . . --... FOCBTH MILITARY Dfc»TMCT. . r >. 1 Ai* litMiu : I have the honor to farward heiewkh !¦«¦ yoxf-U. : I have th* Immmnt to fcnrard h«»with Aarisauu he hUmt iipwtid wa» taken aek ib—tl» after soarve. g«|imi Twa^ report of cholera a» Tiefabmy pat 1 ififil --•_- '. ¦ . . - - ¦ - : r."l I" V v- .7. ,-" _. -' -.. r --;•--..--¦; .-:¦'•£- ••-.--•--. an the morain? rf the «d» aiu aa< £ed abwt 3J» p. m. the an the morning of the 49th aiu and died about O3> p. a. the A citiaen ¦ food liimiCiii waa taken nek urf died Jk mm day. with cholera, in Ftbovf .-!".. i ¦-- . •_"'¦„¦¦ i"" : -v -I--'/. ¦--!.•. Jvtt 9KB a nMn wt was attacked win ibumis iiwwi fed in about twelrc boon. All of tfcea* wmn oaaWbatd can ¦wi"i liii Iwiln tiw iH«ftMMwm«MMcM I bar* mad« catcfbl inquirr in jyvaid to th« prvnm hi I hro ande earefiil inqmry in regard to the preriou - - --¦ -r.e -iar b«fi>re his attad f fftotnant water : <>therwi.<«« his* habits had own cwiit -¦ _nant water: <>therm.«« his habits had Men cvrrcrC • c subject — his friend- -. •- . - . on the suhjw 't — Hi Mends say he had doc bean exp la BMriaMrtcrv, which b four miles from Vlcksbiuv : two c* t" ht-a«l'juarter», which b four mi - at"f-r his 1.-aving. ffome twenty ca^es an? reported to hare oec after his leaving, ffome twenty ca^es an? reporte'; I know of none, for sereril 'lav-, in town. I I know of none, for iwenil «lav-. in town. The troop* hay •jiarter* ami grounds are in excellent police. ¦ - md krrounJs are in police, Very rwoectfoDr. toot ob Very n»p«?ctf;illT. toot obcAtnt I - ¦ ¦ m md 1 lfc«t«t Ihasr Gcacral J K. B.kS>t:s. <>tr-r* p. m.- at the hooae nifi i by General Ovd and MaC and | ' . ' ¦*" . •. - - - ,-... : -.. .-¦• -.-. -^ ; ... - w—. - -•"-"...'-¦ I -:" i." : i :•.'"."¦" ¦ - :.- :.i" :'.. — : : i -• < . - -"- "... '-¦'. - '.' ir : i:• ." ".."' • ¦ - -.- :i" !".. — : .¦; i -t. «X the dtizen taken sck the aame daj. I hare no Qrt. to report Of the doam taken akk the awe day, I hare no tact» to report Tat cotaraa ooy anvt vvaartaß vn am on toe 39h& to coaa? ku. xne (mnh **7 ¦¦•*« iipßßi ni DB^*m oo w 2MB iv cnase .. •"• ¦ * . i ¦ ¦- • " •'. • .i "- « ¦¦ . r** I **! . "..- • ¦•"^- .?* —r~ EftNft *>C CBfIKTA SP( rvpoftßU to Hit #CC^WHK 1H top D4NH^ Aft Ml ccurred in town, bat no new emm hmre app«ar«l«ra of which I had any kaowiedg* wa> that of a citiaen who had been engaged ht raftinc oaher toaa p*r et Francb ¦ onie dwwn the rirvr by raft v. UnoVa. a town light BKtos below this, where he was iftifciid. •:.-.. -¦- .:.¦ -: ;•¦ :-- i" ¦ :.i. '- -.. >. -- ...-• % i.- • -r- € hi* had the body inckatd in a box and conrvyad in an open wagon frnm Linda throaich the town of Tlilii n to a pate further ap the rit«r for bcrial befurv hi» acttoas eouki be prmnted by the aathoriritm. This nan had rnrlieid hi» daaaaad - .-.. ¦atojlM .-: ¦; aw, ami I had aa— ¦ a: . •. ¦-. \[, Uon to take it anfl farther iato the country. The caaaaaadwaj iiftVu caoM aat piiioal the hady baaat hi n aa hi to the town, far ¦n -.-.: -¦- ¦ ¦ -:¦ ¦ ::.¦„-:... ... ¦ • -?..- ...,¦¦ - v. . . - ..... : mm, and nil I tta* nfMl tor mwimw m trawporting it Of tfa* prwim hiatury mt -him cm* I hay* oo knowing. I A lll .t l H» M .i W iu M j^rrym.cl»l>r>^«^ t ri tt MM l i.iyfa l Ifahna. p«art» «¦ tixe St. Franek rim, fcr »oe w«ks prior to rt. rat to X*iii*m. w, k... i ; 1.1. - • ¦• w-^-^m. t-^.^-, , , ,i lt|| — | yd *it no death otrarriag on the .t—Jb eagafad in this traaVr: iiii». however, can be af« far by the fart that oW ¦¦- ' ,— .— •-..-•.¦ •¦ . . -t,, ¦i.htha.ai larwai aaaa-aai Mwow ¦ - ¦. •?---...>•:.,, ¦ ¦>»-•; pnUmtr. that rh.l.ra was oarortly hnporteu titber by the body of the I iaoVa laijiit aad Ym ilf aial 20 and frequent painless rice-water evacuations. set rupanied by considerable prostration. I treated her ease a* cholera morbus. controlling discharges with astringents and opiates: vomiting by a sinapism laid over stomach: prostration by slow mod gradual stimulation; and cramps by friction with cloths anmstock wss admitted to the h"Spiul July - ! 'th. His gym p tons were violent vomitintf an-wati-r :i«char_ - . and copious, accompanied by prostration: skin w:^ cold; - '1 oration and rings beneath the eyes. TLis cas«-. as well as the laundres.- absvs SSstzissd, recovers! without any untowaru event, although it might not pn bably have been goin_ of the truth to have classed them b> hours. He did uot report as instructed, thought it a mere diarrhoea that would soon cease without remedy, arid. sVssi whafl I subsequently learned, did nothing throughout ti.e er.:ire day to arrest the disease. In ;he evening one of his con.r. l-« " i him very ill. when he was immediately conveyed to hospital tor treatme:." " * * Bs died from "io to ?».< hour* after first reporting ?; ¦ TWnextcasewasthatoftJorporal Henry C. Bennett. July 'Jyth. two day.- . leathofAmon. He was in the I Bi corporal of the guard : at 9 p. m. he and some was -h<.' j. 1 been an inaiato of the hospital froru the begii. _ : U . ' ' . r*pital acc'^mm > . ith diarrhoea on the evening ¦>: Jily :;i- . :on the morning of August "2d. in than " - ' Of about six other cas-s that were atta^ -c . . .-:---• .t re ric^-wat-r vomiting and discharges, rh on'.y slight symptosw flf cramp, their recovery seem--d to be mainly die M oilornel. which was administered in larce and repeated until either disch.t:. - : 1 le evidence ••* :.-•-.-. . . -• • •.- ---•-. YVhcthfT these cases WWjU have r--':t^vered as well under a different course of treatmen'. I have no opportunity of knowing. As to the local causes that conjoined to exo'v the disease. I would state A f was titmtri on an alavawi ridge back of the towr.. an i was sev-ral huudred I- _ •hat the town and surroumling - - . .t to overtlow fr>>m the ' '. -.-is*Lppi. anwn oat bj the inhabitants sad allowef the sos ia most intense : and everything that go»»l j . . on the part of the commanding officer could effect to preserve the health of the command was sswtvsi. The bread issued was well baked and good, and the ration generally was I — » knowledgsof tes or isSBS in and around the town wh<> died sfskslsm Th- epidemic made its first :..¦;¦!•¦! .ij ¦;..,, m,, •• J.._' ¦: <>•.... _• . • \._. -r -*d m ¦:>¦•:•¦ i¦ ¦ ?...••¦.'¦¦:..-::¦ .M i ::- . I - .' .• 21 mm ai^pc «f the ndtK focmnbr iua|iiiil W« hare h«r» an execflcat epriaK «f port water. Oh caa* ia whira cholera ¦,ii|Hiaiw ¦<» pmmmTitT tm '¦—* - — At rlnagi : it ykUaa 1 f mafil, hawrwar, aad tk> aa ia —w wafl. \ .¦. ¦ ¦_, ... ¦ ¦•-¦'.." J B. DOWNEY. Aetimf In "Hi Kby.t. C I i BcvtvC I iiamit C/ Jrbaw. ITi> ¦!/¦¦¦ JfartUi BefmeffSick mmi JTowmM. C^u| ~CT 19«* 7. 5. Ufmmtry, Muiimm, St. Frmmtm C«waly. A I in, ITrt ¦!/!!¦ JaWife Mrprt Wmmded. Cuff - C 19a R5. Imfmmtrj, MmKmm, St. Frmmtm Cmmmtf, A 1 J*f ? MX -/¦ £¦ D>tv*ey. Aitiag iiwfaal Smrynm. C. >. J. W ¦ ---¦. ¦ -;.- -_ -- . - -ii- .•* x :-:.-.-•- .- -¦-._* :• .-. T . r :-¦¦¦-. .: : ¦-. ----- --^- >.-... .. : . : Wkfc rtfaww f ta» rfciliim waica -de iv apyaaiaac* at «¦¦ paat JnljattKaadrf waica tfcwaw lfcw» JwtW wcaraW iiag» aaanßnilr back af tka town, aaw waa caaakicraUj aajkr than cidbtr tike tvwa or lamawiiag i ili.i The liliiaii, Wwm. miaiin aY aawra alay dtiaaaa, Wwni. caaaaiar aY aa*m alay of ta> riJgt atew aafcwkaj thaa A* wuaua. TW tw» feral caata that mini . -' - : -~i - z-~' r - _ " - --- "7 - * " "-' '- ¦ -7 T1 iliaiilial t ilia if li Him n i fn' in Of a aamJbcr of caa» taat w*n attacked, bat wttefc 4aA w* rmh m 4m». ¦--~ -i '. .' : -«rv; r-' * ... •-"-." '.i i " j *_r .": "i .- ".¦¦¦? :_-"¦.— m-~ \ - i — .:"¦_' — - - '.: —'. **~ ~ - v^-t v.i! ;.ri '.. r '¦•'";" i.j".rr- ".-. ."-.'..''.' i - ¦ " _ . : . *_* z_" ~i._ : - • •". • s.~. l - - • . - ¦ <-¦ _ . :..-<-: --. -i. i: :*_- : =_--.- •i. _v- .:" - -.- j. i — . - ?< •: :.'•• .--.- -i---. ¦- .¦ ;.; -•¦ . ±^ Wpaaißa;: poke wwak aaw alaw; jargfaannr alacaargcß flnaai the fcnwiii waiea win fraaaeat — ricc^watcr. or waterr with flu iif - - -' j' -* ~j r V ej«f«nik«m: caajaagtiTa drr an, dirty ; iaaataM* thirat. aad *adu .' - -~--i ¦. -t : T«rcr-'- - ... •-."-.-. ';i-i ~j ~. .- .""..-:¦- : _--¦ .—^^». ¦..- i —.. i_— _¦— - - *.- —i. •?• • - . .. »r ¦ »^_^ —^-^fc^»» »^— — _ * * , _ __J ¦» .m ¦ *. » .1 . «^^^»^^« k A¦¦ * »* i » * ¦ m v— r- , .. - . . - - _ _ -5 ¦-. - •. - _ i. . ....... i. . r • . . . j. •-..'._ __ .'i ¦¦..'-. - • • . - ¦ .-.<-. _.:.--<-¦ --i -i. i. * *.-.i i- _-.-«. • i.._ ¦ ... .:¦"-- ".-.l: "«-'. -"*<-: :.". .--.- - V --. "- .- ;.-. :r- ¦ ±^ fc>§biiiaf paaw w»ak aad alaw; mrobmttuj diataai§«a fraai the Wwdb wakfe ««rr fraaacai — rim-«atcr. or waterr with *i iT - I - -' j' -* ~j r V cywaaßkca: caajaartiTm dry and id bnatk aac* a>ata. MWPOKT BtKKM X*. KIMKk\ UWPOKT BIKKUkVkOTWIT. N"Ewp«>rr Ruin.. Kt.. AA/ X I^7. Xiwj«)n Biui s- Xv A-- _ Lj. -=-i i--: :t*,->-- "-i-- - -¦-;--.-- •• .- ¦ .---- - :-. -. ?-;,. • - - -, .._. - *»tc or«d af amid type, ttfrauaatxac bthiUt TW tnat- , - . -..• v . ¦ ... ._ •. ? .- • .-,..- -. . , : - • --: ;• i ---. -.„.._. .. :--¦-.,- --• • - .-- -; • i.- •-. .¦-.;-: .. - .- . . --.; - - _-_-.. - T ; v -. . - v awajlpwiiil^aarafOnnylWaia^aatWgaaiHilayaa^iaa J. R Bwn. U Fwt C1 1 I ,W* way. la nlmata » the ocigta of cWfctrm. »aami»r »aj h< aiid af inn nadiiig —- X ' -g 1 i'th Tfct prrianiaa af »¥rdawaa>. - " i ¦ ~ ."—-¦-¦- ~ -¦-—¦¦ ~i i •¦¦¦¦.--'" i_. i - ¦ ¦ i . : ¦. - . -. V -- : :. ¦-. -- 1-..V- : --- -x- — : : — .- t - -.:- ¦• r- ._ ..--...:......- -¦ ¦ I» idumf to ifa* ocigta of Aafctra. -*-*—— — -' -> ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦"-fl- -* — '-g-y ¦ rtii pn iaiii iifd_ J V- -— ::.:-. -- i -.....- : . --- -x -. ~f. i— - j - •-.- ¦• r- ._ ... : ' - ... ; ...... . - " tad W» aat (««¦ avsr fnai tW aaaV TW «im*d Jaa* ». ldff. ftaai Q^acy. BGaaa^ TW §naid Wan. frw whaiiii taw frat caat cane. ¦» inaaiid ay «iu>i w aia—i . ajrty-tkne af mhmm ttliag a> ¦¦aM MW «!CB?VBaaBt bt* tlto afnaOaTMrfl aTaVBaTBaM BHat faWlB ta^aVa^aV^aal a^atfaiaVi ka^VsJ aajn ¦» ¦ , - »- y *¦ -^ «^ .£_¦ - • *^» p*- '"¦'»• «^r^aaaaaa» aa^a» aaai laaj aaawnaaaßa^Pßs ¦***¦ «b^b^^lbT^"» «¦«««. ¦awHFTW CsUBBT Rfl BB Su ¦¦¦CVV SBB 4OT ¦aßßßaaaVt MV «JCCmaaß*a4 aaV taaa* BanaaaTaafn fOatflA BBaaat jLfU» t^a^BßßßßalftW a^*n^ klf liiaial = — jn ¦> ¦ , - ¦- y *¦ -^ «^ — *V F ""^ *^» P*^" 1 * *w^»a»aß» «MBk in ¦«•• VfeßWaa^aalß^ aV*aa«*«V«m aa^PK aaWV«V"^V CUK Vfl *¦ SlaT ¦^¦CVV aM 4W aTamßßßaWaal MMfdaVaf fta> faaaat ¦Jaß- * Ibbbbbb*b> aas^ taaa* bb«^bbbb« bbbbJ >aWa> bbbl«*^b«b^l »^aaaKa] ¦— aaj " i--.- -- - . . .-• - .- ¦_». i. ; -:•-•»- -_ ? " '.- -..- -•* ? - - -¦-- - . ¦ * BBa> b^bW «/tW W_ -^-^p-m-BMjl^Ba^a* bbb«bVw» aWaaava aaaaaß^ M J ™ *¦ ¦¦^ !»^*T la^sT OK laaW pVaaWaSaV^ fIaOTV WCS flpfafWV«B IaTM CUTIH Wat W SaVf •^¦Paw - ¦"fRHaWHIV W^aT*f MBt W taW- MbbMuDbV MttattaaV pffWiMfl w--- -.. *' -*** *.- ; "__• -. -- -^ -•*"" — ¦ - ¦ - ** ... . .¦. ¦- *.*..-•-¦ ""-."»-' priMa W «aa«fad wisWal dday. Far Wind I madpm aaapyaf a aaaMaaaieattaa imaJf adaVa— d taaWcaaa— daw tMtu :--,-.* . :-.-•- : -:-;.-.- .... „. irrii iri if» fiiiat laniiii tt ir \ rr fmr r him . :*«* «Mra : two. 5r fr*t * ia. x*s •* ¦*¦««* aafclliai rz - BNltaK > - I f ¦*•* iwaaa* arr accaaaM iy taw pmHani aatCr. whirs aaa- . .- . - -_¦—. i . • • '-- - •¦• - "* :--•. — :*•-.- /:.-::¦ a .. "*» " i». ' - ' • i."* » i • ¦ . ¦ » •*•• - » - '.- " " ; '— ' ' •-*—¦•¦¦:¦:..¦»_- a I say nominally occupied. because the men are out drilling and for other purpose* during the day. and at nitrht they can <- personal cleanliness of the men. The drinking water, which is brought from the Ohio river, has been freed from all impurities by the addition of permanganate of potass*. As a measure of further precaution. I have reoni mended that camp equipage fur two hundred men be provided and kept on hand. so that at any time wh^n the health of the command appears to suffer from overcrowding, a par: may be cent into camp on one of the hills in the neighborhood. Very respectfully, your obedient servant. G. PER IN. Surjeon. and Brent Lieutenant CUmm^ U. ft .}. Brevet Major General J. K. Barnes. Surgeon General. HEWFOBI Baj:Kath frrevious to his admission to hospital he was .suffering from diarrhoea and came for medicine: having taken a dose of Squibb' s mixture, he was directed to return if the diarrhoea continued. He went on guard, paid no attention to the direction given him. but at- the rations of two men in company kitchen : hi? diarrhoea continued, and the next morning as I passed by his post I observed him vomiting. He was immediately relieved from guard and placed in bed. but it was to«> late. The treatment was the same as previously reported. He died '32 hours after admission Is the baapisi Very respectfully, your obedient servant. G. PERIN". Surgton. and Brevet Lieutenant C'j'onrl. f. 6 A Brevet Major General J. K. Barnes, Surgeon General. JEFFFR*O\ BAKK4C X*. *10. Jwrwwmmm Haulm k«. Ifo., Jufv 16.1 General: I have the honor to report the following case, which I consider modified cholera asphyxia At 5.45 o'cl'-ck this morning I was called to the hospital to see Private Jones, of the Engineer Battalion, who had Wen BWajvi then- sick. I found him almost puls»'!ts*: eyes sunken, nails blue, and skin cyanosed. He had been vomiting and purging some time, and now his dejections were nearly colorless. He was suffering from cramps, and two men were employed rubbing his extremities. Sinapi«n,s had be*n placed to his wrist*, ankles, and abdomen. I immediately appli~d a compress firmly to his stomach, and gave him w drops each of tincture of chloroform and tincture of opium. This was at once ejected, and with such force and in such quantity as to cover my clothing, standing at the time three feet fn-in the patient. I now cave him 20 drops each of tincture of chloroform and tincture of capsicum, and followed this prescription with 10 grains each of calomel and quinine and 2 grains of opium, which was retained after considerable efforts at ejection. At the end of fifteen minutes his pulse could be counted, and was found to be 138, while his respiration was 26. hurried and difficult. At 6.30 some improvement was plainly indicated, both in his pulse and his respiration, and an hour later the former was reduced to 120 and tl,»- latter to 22; vomiting and purging had ceased, and his tongue was moist and clean. I now allowed the patient t» melt >»mall pieces of ice in his mouth to allay in some degree his parching thirst. After waiting some time for another patient to be brought to this hospital who had been reported to me as similarly aff ctrd. (not. however, arriving.) I went to see a patient at the laundry building, and. returning to the hospital at 9 o'clock, found Jones much the same as when I left Kirn. I now ordered for him blue n.ass and sulphate of quinine. 10 grains each. At a subseq ertt visit at midday, his pulse still 12.' and respiration 21. I rej«at«-d ti.is latter prescription, and allowed him. in addition to ice. a cold infusion of tea. his thirst being distressing. On my vi*it at 3 p. m. reaction was well established: pulse full, at 120. respiration 19: extremities warm and tongue furred: removed the compress from the abdomen. Private Jones is a strong and rather muscularly developed man. of temperate habits, unmarried, ami ag^d 2 1 * years and 10 months. Had taken for fod the day previous, bread and coffee for br*-akfa*t and supper, and jork. cabl-atre. and bread for dinner. The day previous Mi 'i i«-t had been much the same, at which time he suffered from a slight diarrha-a. which he did not think required any attention. Yesterday was fair, after a heavy ruin the night previous, and the thermometer indicated ?o ; at 3p. m. La.-t night was unusually cool ; thermometer 5^ c . and 70° this morning at r o'clock, with a light breeze from th* northeast. I'r. C'ulbertson. Assistant Surgeon. United States Army. on duty at this post, attended an aggravated case of cholera 23 Bwe an? to consider this a case clear! v i«t A-iatic cholera. I can only attribute its origin to emanation from la»from this disease. The police of this post is bad. and its sanitary condition not good, though improving. Very respectfully. Ac. i:h\. swift. Stryeon. ami Brtrrt Mmet U. A ' ret Brigadier Ueneral M. Mill-. iledieal MfWtsr, I>'.p*irtnitnt ••/ Alittouri. Jekkkk-.n Bvrkack-. M«».. ¦/ . IT. 1- 7 ¦ veral: I have the houor to report, in the cast- of Private Jones, well-established convalescence. At 9 o'clock this mornnsg he had a free discharge of urine, which had been suppressed 29 hours: and at 3 o'clock this p. in. his thirst is greatly diminished, feels comfortable, and has had a natural evacuation of his bowels. His respiration is good, and his pulse full, strong, and ?4. lYvscribed rest and a milk diet. EAt noon to-day I was called to see the child of a laborer employed in the soldiers' cemetery at this post. I was not at mr :ers when the messenger arrived. I saw the child at 12. 45 p. m. He had died about 2V minutes before. His limbs were and his chest warm; his features compres.»td. and his eyes deeply sunk. While getting the history of the case, the right Ider was observed to raise und the arm to move. Some bystander remarked. "He is alive!" I immediately placed my over the region of the heart, and for a moment was myself deceived. H great was the motion observed in the chest. Three - | - ttions were imitated, and the rib* moved under my hand. Some fruitless efforts at resuscitation soon convinced me park of life had tied. Would the electric fluid recall it in these cases, not uncommon, of sudden deaths* This b<>y. John Keevars. aged 12 yt-ars and four months, was of slight frame, though well imbyd in K.«lv and limbs. l;.i : . y been healthy 1 • sterday he •¦¦..- employed at gome .:_!.: ¦¦<¦ rk. email • ' :\ ;i :'-;::. !y ¦f" ; • _• .-.r: ':- :.. IJ«-}...:'..<¦¦. .meat, coffee, and :•'..--¦- at ; r -.At .-• tmA -.::•:. 1 I • .i • .*• . I ".". :• - j." :.:..•¦•:.:: \'v .••.-.-..- :^: ..- I 'uld leani. During tL- _ I wards morning, his mother knew of his leaving his bed and room; that he was sick and vomited. At C and at 7 his bowels were purged: also at 9 and 11. These !atter motions, not copious, were frothy and n He now complained of excessive thirst, and had cramps in his legs. Previous to this his mother thought his sickness i '. - p :V anything:" he had had something like it a year ago in Illinois. This was in reply to my inquiry why she did not ¦end lor me sooner. Et roch history of this case as I have been able to collect, its sadden fatal termination from apparently insufteicßt is. I am constmined to look upon it as one of cholera asphyxia not unlike that of Private Jones, reported yesterday. s father was attacked with cholera morbus yesterday, and Dr. Culbertson gave him calomel, rhubarb, and morphia. f he is able to be about the house. I 15ride. laborer in the cemetery, and John O'Neil. ambulance driver, took the same complaint during last night. i. Tkwc are doing well. v. -. mmetUtr, &. BBH BWIfT, tnd Br*.c.t Colonel. V. - A ¦• Brigatlitr (itn»-ral M. Mn.i.-. IMtd Dxrtrto.-, Department of MUtouri. Jwnwmnm Bahk\' k*. m<<. ./. 1:. wtf. ¦mi I desire recpevtiullr to call your attention to the urgent necessity of having a large detail from your command employed in removing the rank vegetable growth of grass, weeds, etc.. about the quarters occupied by the men under your charge, to permit the sunlight and hea* • -- its sanitary influence upon the surface of the gr^ I -y should dimttct : 'j-V all slop vewels. drains. privi«*. »-n-.. by m«»aES of chl /ride of lin,- or zinc, sulphate of iron, or carbolic acid. Strict cleanlinea* should be enforced in dormitories, kitchens, etc.. and th« former should be fumigated with fumes of burning sulphur. Care ihoald be observed, in the prepantio ftsj meats and regctsble* are tborooghly cooked. B ring at the quarry, from its location, may r~ - ib-*arface drainage of the cemetery. I most recommend that its use be at once discontinued by all. No disintennents at the cemetery should be made for the present. Tke unfortunate family which lost one of its members by cholera to-day should be furnished with other quarters, and tho* w occupied by them snoold be thoroughly clvansed and dUinfected. KHN PWIrT Kmm . n I / • ' ¦•¦-'. r. >. i 24 JmiMOi Barracks M<>.. ./Wy 1-?, 1£67. Gknkrai. : I have the honor to report continued convalescence on the part of Private JssMfc A- H o'clock last night I was called to see Henry Hardy, employe of the i[>iartenna>ter's department, at work getting out rock in thequarry for the cemetery. Found him suffering exceedingly from cramps in the leg*, thighs, and abdom ". men were industriously employed in rubbing him. Hi* complaint.- were loud and constant, his puls** feeble and 103. and hi* respiration hurried. Had him immediately conveyed to a ward in th \ hoopital. about one hundred yards distant, and cave him tincture of chloroform, twenty drops, tincture of opium and tincture of capsicum, each fifteen drops, and applied a lanre urn*t.ird plaster to his abdomen. This movement of the patient did not occupy more than ten minutes, and did not seeminelv exhaust him. vet his pulse went up to oue hundred and eighteen. Vomited little, but p unfed .-X' --' ¦ ! II - . .: - ¦- v. •-. • with bile, and fa>cal in character: the first more so than the succeeding. Gave him of calomel and quinine each ten _•- sulphate of morphia half a grain. Removed mustard and placed a compress firmly to his abdomen. At 1 o'clock I repeated the !">rm mixture previously given, which succeeded in arresting the cramps. Al 2 o'clock I left the patient quite comfortable. I saw him at 6 this morning, and gave him blue mass and quinine, of each .en grains, which I ordered to be repeated at 10 o'clock, should there be no evacuation of the bowels. At 11 o'clock, his pulse beinir still feeble and l"i". I JBVt him a milk punch, which seemed to establish complete reaction, and at 3 this p. m. his pulse is full, strong, and 100. I can only consider • - i?e as exaggerated cholera morbus. The excretions were not at any time quite destitute of bile, but from the severity of the symptoms I feared the result. This case occurred hi the dormitories near the rooms occupied by the family whose son died suddenly yesterday. Very respectfully. EBX. SWIFT. Burg»m, and Brerft Cvlonel, C >'. ./ Brevet Brigadier General M. MlM.s. Medial Dirftor, Department •>/ ili-l Wmmdld of Company "' E," United AMM Enf/ineert. Jtffrrton Barr-vlc*. Mo., S*pUm- iff, 1867. //. t'lilkrtson. JttUt'int Surjeon, U.S A, As cholera ha* Vw n prevailing at St. Louis, and M near to tlii-» post, the following sanitary measures were adopted here: The disinfection of all sewers, drains. vaults, and latrines, with a saturated solution of sulphate of iron, and also with chloride of Unit, and the placing of th • latter salt in the quarters of th • m?n ; thorough ventilation and cleansing of the quarter*, and policing dFtM grounds; tVe KMBrt airin_' ot'tde h • lli.'i_' of the men ; the proper c «Uag tt th- fea 1. and the inter. ¦>! all fruits and raystmMsa; the use ?f river water purified with ul im: th • tWafi Am tti _ -i I disoharaes of all j.;»t i»-nt.- in ln»j iral wko !;ave diarrhoea or cholera ninrbiis : and the reniuval of" the dejections at once, and The fcstJSMsi di^in.of the hospital with burning sulphur: also with chlorine. In addition, the men were enjoined to report at once tor treatc • • - - i H they have diarrhoea; and. further, to cut off as much as possible malarial diseases, or the deliilitatinir effects istnatic agencies, reveille is call>-«l at seven o'clock a.m. each day, and the men are enjoined to keep within their quarters after MM I N. cases of . holera have .«¦, nrred at this post during the month. We have been employing subcutaneous injections of sulphate of morphia in MMs dysentery (MtMMMsd an inch from the margin of the anu-) with excellent results. This plan of Inmmml w.is accompanied with the exhibition of sulphate of magnesia, quinine, or aromatic sulphuric acid, and was used uhen the ordinary injections failed. It aided materially the action of the other MJMM mentioned. Jwmmaom Baiuucks. M<».. DtetwAtr IS, 1867 IiKNKiMi. : I have the honor to report for your information the following circumstances connected with the mv cholera at this post in the month of October la.»t: On the evening of JJctober 26th, two companies. ••<;" and '" II." 19SUi Colored Infantry. arrived at Jefferson Ban . mu.»t«-r out of the service of the I'nited States. They had left Fotr Hliss. Tsjbm^ a fe-.v week* previously, marching across the -¦"I '< rrt Harker. VMssM rh>_v had MM! l>y milioad tiuwwh St. Louis to thi- psM*. During the whole journey they had • I excellent health. They numbered tour officers and one hundred and fourteen soldiers. BtrsfsJ MM also accom: the command. They were assigned to quarters in the south r..w of kaildinga stii ting Jefferson Barracks. At i < call on the '/7th of (>ct«;!>er. two soldiers of this command appeared : one of them suffered from bronchitis, and one from Ml - '¦!/. On the 'i-th thre - - f m tr.Mij.s Of tUi HSSBMr, ¦ v 1 cd. a<« follows : on th. -j'Jtli. three : on thn M th. two : and November Ist, one. The command wu* mustered out of service and left the post November lsr. \ 25 All the above-mentioned fifteen were w^-11-marked cases of epidemic cholera, characterized by frequent and profuse rice- water fvacuatir.ru*. cramp* principally in the extremities, and more especially in the legs, more or leas complete colapse. mental clearness and unconcern, ai.d. in nearly all the him, vomiting. In every case but one. the patients stated that diarrhoea had existed from 24 to 4£ hears before I saw them, but that they neglected to come to the doctor, because they did not want to take medicine, or be put on diet, or detained in hospital while their comrades were mustered out and going home. During this same pc: iod <>t time twenty -eight cases of diarrhoea occurred among the men of these two companies, all of which yielded to Squibb's mixture in drachm doses, or sulphate of morphia in half-grain dose*, repeated pro re nata. Outside of the colored command no cases of cholera occurred ; nor did diarrhoea inert ss> or prevail among the other dents of the poet, who consisted of a company of engineer troops about one hundred and forty strong, of a gang of workmen in the national cemetery, about eighty «tr«>ng, and of a number of families of officers, soldiers, and citizens. The first twu ca^es were seen by me about I*.» a. m.. October Kth, and weiv at once diagnosed as cholera. The third case wa» seen about 3p. m. All three of these cases occurred in Company " G." I proceeded at once to inspect these companies in their quarters, especially the company in which sickness existed. Both companies occupied similar quarters, which were clean and well ventilated. Company " G.*' however, was larger than Company " H." and hence more crowded in quarters, so that lat once caused additional r«nu to be assigned to this company, into which they moved on the evening of the same day. the v?-rh. All the quarters occupied by these companies had been f.-r some months vacant. I caused them to be policed, and had big fires made in the fireplaces. The fx»d of the command consisted of soldiers* rations, and seemed good, and well cooked. The whole ••¦¦¦and strenuously denied having eaten anything but their ordinary f<«>l. saw* once in a while a man acknowledged to have eaten a single apple or a few hickory nuts. The water used was that ot tt M .--.--.: -j>. river, the same used by the other occupants of the barracks. This wr.ter was forced by a steam engine and pump from the river into Urge iron reservoirs in a covered building, whence it was distributed by iron pipe* to hydrants throughout the post. None of the command hs.d seen a case of cholera, or been exposed t > one that they knew of. In coming to this place they passed through the city of St. Louis, where cases of cholera were said to be daily occurring. No delay occurred in taking steps calculated to check the pro-.Teae of the disease : and first and foremost, I deemed it neces- sary to change the water used. For this purpose many barrels of water were drawn trom the hydrants, and were disinfected by the addition of Bowers' solution of permanganate of potash in quantity ?i;ffi..ient to color the water perceptibly Directions were given to use no other water but that thus disinfected, and t<> use that for the present sparingly, and principally in coffee. The men were also periodically questioned by their officers concerning the exhsßßM af diarrhoea, upon the first appearance of which they were directed to report to ni*- without delay. The use of easily digestible food was directed, and tempetance in that. I further recommended that the hea tl.r men should be kept occupied, and th~y w. re kept almost constantly busy at various work about the p--v A- •:.- remainder I l.":h Raiment was ordered to this post for muster-out, and were hourly expected. I wrote I headquarters Yilitary Divi«ii.n «.f the Missouri, reporting the appearance of cholera, and recommending that no ¦on tiosfM be sent her»- until the disease disappeared. This recommendation was carried out. As the disease first appeared iv Company ¦> " • Lid that company abo suffer most duiing the epidemic. Thus. wding in quarters of the first- mentioned company, as I found no other appreciable difference in the circumstances or surroundings of the two companies. The medical treatment consisted in the use of sulphate of morphia and Squibb's mixture in the firrt stage of the finwt, !by whiskey and chloroform in the stage of collapse. Frictions, sinapisms, and bottles of hot water to the abdomen sad tea and toast, as soon as the patient could retain them Oae case of cholera occurred in addition to the fifteen above mentioned : this was in the person of the wife of one of the •sears of the 125 th colored infantry, who was attacked on the -29th and recovered under the above-named treatment :rred twrati rrr.ti ixteen of cholera. Of the hitter, six. or 37.5 per cent. died. In the six fatal cases, death occurred in one case in 16 hours ; in one case in 22 hours : in one case in 23 boors : in one case n24 hours ; in one case in 26 hours ; and in one case in 31 h Thi* time is reckoned from the hour that the case* firrt presented themselves to roe. Previous to October 28th the weather had been warm. On this day it beean- • . •_-!. thriv *jm a slijfht frost, and on the night of the 29th a .' - • T -' I ¦ - v 1 1 hill il in cutting short the duration ot the n pdemic. The abatement certainly fq|lowed pnnnptly the disuse of unpurined water; and I am satisfied, under all the cir- \ ge of habit of these soldiers from their out-of-door can.j. - ¦ .- . quarters, and to change in drink from the pure clear water *>f the moun- t tains and prairie streams to the impure turbid water of the Mi •i. \ V ¦ ¦¦ JOSEPH X >MITH Jtwss, mmd Brtrtt I oUimel. I N 1 '? trwL 26 roitT KIM:i. KANSAI I"-.i:i K'n.i.v. /mm 22. 1867. Sir: In view of the fact that cholera in an epidemic form visited this station la.-t summer, and that the warm season may bring with it a return of the dis, ;,s.-. I respectfully HMjgaat, for the consideration of th- | mt BMMMafa 1 , the mc-s.-itv of instituting and maintaining, during the summer and autumn, a thorough system <>t" bjgMak police, which should 1,,, rigiaij *"¦¦'¦ throughout the garrison and its vicinity. I would iqg^attiH propriety of having all the latrines and wuter-clor-.-ts .•]. •.;• -• <1. whitewashed, and ventilated. Twice each week quickl'im- should ba freely distributed in the sinks, and MM quart af vim-gar should be thrown \ir ¦ sink in use twice a waak, wMm than is any t*a4oMJ to a return of the d - - X quarters of the enlisted men and civil aHplojWJ should le kept scrupulously clean. frequent! y whitewashed, and a. and effete matter promptly removed to a distance. Hap bwaii should be provided for the use at kitchens, and all field to a strict accountability for the cleanliness of their premise*. A general police of the trarrison should be mad.- at c a week. Very respectfully, your obedient servant B. J. D. lIJWIN x . X 8 C. N. WABNEK, Krai Lint, \H> r. s. AfUßerf, BrwH GaMtaw, U. 8. 1.. F*t J^mtmmt. Estr.vt irmn Sfttitl Mtftti of f'holcm Pmtitmti at Part Ritt i. Wtmnt, Jmme, 1867. Brevet Lieutti'-mt f '.,/..,«./ /;. ./. i>. i,-r... Snri-'iii, f. > /. Thomas Catlhn, MJV -•">. employe of the quartermaster's d'pai*m'-:it. attacked Jam 88i and died the BUM d.iy. Ailmitt«l to hospital June l^th with an attack of diarrlin-a. which yielded rtadily to tn-atnient OMHMIfaMJ of 1 iriain of camjihov. | a i:rai:i of i -up-ii urn. and iof a grain of opium. At the BMrafaMJ visit an 0M "J-'d ba ihwwad symptoms of ehoMflm: OoM IoHbM ¦¦: • \¦ - sunken ; voice husky; MMMJM cold: ba> had three serous Btaali di.rini; the latter part of the niirht. lad vomited tw:ce. >itM| i-nis over epigastrium and to the calves of the le<_'s; hot water to fat; aioinatic spirits of ammonia and Hoffman's MM twenty drops each, w- re c\\ en. with toddy every half hour. 11 o'clock. < ramps sev.-re in lower limbs; administered chloroform, line fluid drachm internally. wMefej gSW pi«>m,it relief. Complete collapse. I>ied at 1 o'clock p. in. Post mortem examination: A^re 'J"> ; dark hair, bkai eyes; about five f.-.r MTMi indies hL'h. a;nl ISO |>ounds weight. I.i^li'eeii hours after death, rigor mortis well marked j upper surface of intestines bl-nn h.d : lower conirested. with di.-tinct erosion of mucus surface in small j.at. lies ; contents wheylike Hnid devoid of feculent .h:.' ... -¦ . It— tad ; kidney hiirhly congested ; the small quantity of urine ttnbid and paoaßwj liver "mall, about '-' )••• .'id-: triable, serous 27 Eftr'ft from Serial Report of Cholera Patient* at Fort Rihy, Kansas, July, 1867. Brevet Licuhnunt CMhml B. J. 1). Irtcin, Suryeon, U, >. -/. Peter Kehoe. Irish, age 10; attacked July 11, 1807, and died the MM day. This patient was an errploye in the service of" the I'nion Pacific Railroad Company. Eastern Division. Himself and wife lived on a construction train, keeping a mess for the other employes of that train. On the M they visited the vicinity of Fort Harker. Kansas, where cholera was then epidemic. The train returned oti the inorninir of the 11th. I saw him at about 4 o'clock p. in., and found him rapidly running into the collapsed stage of epidemic cholera, from which he died in about an hour afterwards. Extract from Case, Diet, and Prescription 8001. Fort Riley, Kansas. Breret Major G. J/. Sternbery, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. Henry Gorns, Recruit, I'ith United States Cavalry, arrived at the post November 11th, from Yincennes. Indiana, via Saint I. fli | was taken sick with diarrhoea at St. Louis; had no treatment until he wjis brought to the hospital on the morning of November 13th: had been purging and vomiting, and had cramps in hi-* legs all night; no one took pains to inform the post surgeon of his condition. When first seen he was in a state of partial collapse, but still able to stand up; pulse very feeble; extremities cold; fingers shriveled in appearance; voice husky and weak, and tongue cold; had but one rice-water discharge after being admitted to hospital ; vomited several times, but the vomiting was no longer severe, and but little was ejected besides the water he drank. Administered t»-n grains of calomel, and applied tin warmers to abdomen and feet ; gave brandy and water, each one fluid drachm every ten minutes. November 13th, 3 p. m: has rallied considerably; pulse stronger: tongue and extremities warmer; brandy has been well borne and reaction is fairly established ; had several copious watery passages of a liirht irreenish color during the day: vomited several times, ejecting nothing but a little water; had cramps in his legs. To have beef essence, a tablespooniul every half hour; during the night sinapisms to the calves of the legs and to abdomen; brandy continued during the night, about every half hour, in drachm doses. November 14th, 9 am: pulse quite full; surface warm; hail two or three passages during the day — not so copious, and containing some foecal matter. Brandy discontinued; chicken broth ad libitum, there being no beef essence. November 14th, Ip. m : since brandy was discontinued, pulse ha- MSHM weaker; resume brandy every half hour. November ICth, 9a. m: vomiting and diarrhoea has entirely ceased; continue treatment. November 16th, 9 a. m : continues to improve; beef essence ad libitum ; to have sherry wine, an ounce and a half three times a day. November 17th, 9a. m : still improving ; continue treatment. November 18th, 9a. m: still improving; no passa:.'" since the evening of the ltith; continue treatment, and to have castor oil. half an ounce, and 15 drop* of tincture of opium; oil operated at 6.30 a. m. Returned to duty November -'."th I ok I II tKlillc. KANSAS. 1 ¦'' V MmdUf iyrt tfßkk Mid Wmmdtd, Ctmfmmlm " A." '• B." and " d," 3-i'h Infantry, Fort llnrbr, Kmt-i*. Jwmt, !- I Hr-r.t M,,;,,r Qm. M. Sttrnbtry, Assistant Suryeon. I. S. J. At I o'clock a. m.. June 2-th. Acting Assistant Surgeon Perry. T*. S. A., was called in haste to see Qmtg* W. K»»ton. a citizen employed by the h.-ef contractor as a herder ami butcher. The man was found in a state of profound collapse, with all the symptoms of epicl-mir . -holer*, (cramps, ric-water discharges from stomach and bowels, shriveled appearan. c of the finders, coldness of extremities. &,-., Ac.) The patient died at :{.:s<> p. m. the sa'iie .lay. He had been Buffering from diarih- liospir u l. \,y Assistant Suru.-<,:i M. ('!• llati, at i» a. n... .!>ine :{<) «W tak.-n sick with cholera at *J p. m., June 2t»th. His wif.- \ ,s t.ik-i, at In a. m. rh'- same day, ai.d biniM-lf at •_' p. m.. Jbm :'.' A Ih- uife and child died at ."» p. mon the Ifh ; the man s • I ily 'M iin I fair way of rei overy. but not yet ..ut ot d«ag«r. Win. Edwards. <|U.irteni,a-t.-rV employ.-, '.iken ti'ick at •'< p. in .J mi.- JMh* di.-l at noon July Ist f ley, and since the 10th of July has been in railroad communication with the east by the completion, thus far, of the Union Railroad, Eastern Division. The elevation above the bed of the river is from sixty to seventy feet : the surface descends to the east, south, and west, affording excellent drainage. The soil is but six or eight inches thick, and below it is a bed of fine gravel, about thirty feet thick, composed mostly of quartz and Hint ; below this is a bed of clay. The bluffs to the north and ea*t of the fort are MBfMMd of a recent red sandstone, which contains impressions of the leaves of trees of existing species, (oak, ash. willow. «fee.) In plao s there is a large amount of iron in the sandstone. Bi water used at the post is obtained from a spring in the bank of a creek one-quarter of a mile west from the post. The ssues from the bank about fifteen feet above the level of thecreek. over the stratum of day, above which is the gravel. An ition of the water from the sprimr, made in July, 1867, showed but a sma'l trace of organic matter. One grain of perte of potash to a gallon left a distinct pinkish tinge after 24 hours. During the past year diarrhoea has been of rare occurrence among those who have been at the post for any length of time. During the month of June, 1867. but twelve cases of diarrhuea are reported. ¦company of the 37th Infantry ( " E' 1 ) came to the fort in October, 1866, from Little Rock, Arkansas. Very many ol l were suffering from diarrhoea, and nearly every one from intermittent fever. After being at the post five or six months, t-very man in the company became healthy and robust, and diarrhoea among them of rare occurrence. But two men of npany died of cholera. The garrison of the post, when cholera first made its appearance, consisted of Company "E," 37th Infantry, (white,) and Companies "A," " B," and "X, v 38th U. S. Infantry, (colored.) The companies of the 38th Infantry had been recently organized at Jefferson Barracks, and came from there here, "A"' and '" B'' Companies stopping a little more than a month at Fort BOej on tln-ir way. In addition to these troops, "H" Company. 38th Infantry, and "F" Company. 10th Cavalry, (colored.) were temporarily at the post under the medical supervision of Brevet Major Ely Mcl'lellan. Assistant Surgeon, U.S.A. The troops (with the exception of '• E'" Company, 37th Infantry, which was in a stockade building) were in camp at a distance of from one-eighth t«> half a mile from the post, on hii_ r h ground. Br companies of Kansas militia were mustered into the United States service, and remained at the post about two weeks in ring the worst of the epidemic. There were also encamped at and around the po.-t from five hundred to eight hundred laster's employes, (masons, carpenters, laborers, and teamstei-s.) The number of these was constantly varying, many v consequence nf the epidemic, and others coming from the east. The police of the camps was not good when cliolera first made its appearance. Some of the company sinks were in wretched condition, and there were several offensive holes about the post where slops and garbage from the kitchen had been thrown. Mi -a.-ure- were at once taken to remedy these evils; a strict system of policing was inaugurated; the camps were all MTN tv new grounds, and disinfectants w.-iv procured and freely used. Tliemeii were in wedge tents, from two to four in a tent. On my recommendation a hospital tent was) .itched for the use ot the sick in the quarters of each company, (for sli:.lit eSMi "t iliati hia M i The hospital patients were all treated in hospital tents, which were pitched about fitly yards in i car of the post hospital. ( 'onvah-sceiit and uncertain cases were kept in separate tents from tlie cholera patients. The dbefcugM from the patients ROT all disinfected as soon as passed. The fir-t DMM ot cholera in his iieL'hhorh 1, ami. so far M I can learn. t\\- fir-t case t'lis year in the State ot KaiMM, *M 29 weeks, previously to which time he worked in the mess-house of the quartermaster's employ. '•». He was first seen by Acting Assistant Surgeon Perry. I*. S. A., at 3 o'clock a.m.. June 2Sth : was found in a state of collapse ; had rice-water discharges from stomach and bowels; cramps' ami shriveled appearance of fingers ; had been suffering from diarrhoea for two days, but had not applied for treatment. The patient died at 3. 3" p. m. the same day. This man lived in a dug-out (hole in the bank) near the slaughter-pen, at a distance of a mile from the post or any camp. At 7p. m. the same day Private (iporge (in>om. Company " H." was sent to the post hospital by Assistant Surgeon E. McClellan : was in a state of collapse when admitted, with all the symptoms of cholera. Died at 11 a. m.. June 29th. A child of Geo. Irwin. r|uarterniaster's employe, was taken sick with cholera at Il'I 1 ' o'clock a. m.. June 29th : his wife at 12 m. same day. and himself at 2p. m.. June Mh. The man recovered ; the wife and child died on the 3i'th. This family lived in a dug-out in the bank of the creek running near the post, (not far from the spring.) They were over half a mile from either of the other cases.. They had 'hank the creek water. Tony Powell. Company "' B. " 9?th Infantry, admitted to hospital at 6p. id.. June 29th. Recovering. The following is a record of cases and deaths occurring among the troops at the post under my supervision n . No. of No. of D No.nf No. of D N... of No. of Date> cases, deaths. Date - eases, deaths. Date * cases. 4mA*. June2Bth 1 July 10th 1 ........ July 22d '• 29th 11" 11th 11" 23d 1 2 " 30th 1 • 12th 1 " -24th July Ist 1 " 13th 4 " 2TAh 1 •2d • 14th 3 6 <• 26th 3d " 15th 2 1 " 27th 2 ¦ 2 " 4th 1 " 16th i '' 2?th 1 • .">th 2 " 17th 1 1 " 29th J 1 ' 6th 3 " 18th 4 1 '• Mi 1 j " 7th 1 " 19th 11 6 " 31st I " Bth " Mfc. 2 August Ist 3 • iMi " 2Ut 3 : Total* 47 ¦ ¦ addition to the above cases, quite a number of citizen employes of the quartermaster's department were treated at the •pital. Many cases, that I am now satisfied were mild cases of cholera, were diagnosed at the time as choleraic diarrhuea, not appear in the above report, which only contains the clear and unmistakable cases. During the first few days of the epidemic. Acting Assistant Surgeon Perry. I*. > A., rendered valuable assistance in the car* of the sick. He was then ordered to Fort Zarah, Kansas, where the cholera had made its appearance. Acting As.-i-tunt Surgeon Squier. U. S. A., assisted me in a most faithful and efficient manner for about a week, and was then ordered away with the Kansas militia. He ¦shortly after fell a victim to the disease. On the 22d of July. Brevet Colonel Swift. Surgeon, L". 8. A., and Brevet Major Brewer, Assistant Surgeon. I*. S. A., arrived ut the post and kindly relieved me of any t care in regard to the «ic.k. and on the Mtt I left the post on leave of absence. .\ ":: | A-- -t.int Surgeon Chase. I*. S. Army, attended to the rick among the quartermaster's employes during the greater part of the time, but was prevented from iloinir H from July 1-th la 2-Tth by .-ickness. He reports 79 cases, and 2»» uths. His last ease occurred on the 3xten-ively in the treatment of the prevailing diarrhoea, and found it to answer admirably. This spring the Smoky Hill river overflowed its banks to an unusual extent, and the low lands near it MN extensively flooded. There was an unusual amount of moisture in the atmosphere during the months of April. May. June. and July, and a great deal of rain for this section of the country. Decomposition of animal and v.-c.-table matter ha* tuk< n place with unusual rapidity. The air here is usually so pure and dry. that a piece of meat, cut thin, will dry when hung in the air without becoming tainted ; but this summer the reverse wa.» the case. There have been an unusual number "t' t! mosquito*-*. Houses have been infected with a lar^ fly which differs from the common house rly. During the \>r< -valence s/tks epidemic tiie nights were cool, and often almost cold. More d.-aths occurred dining the coldest nL'hts than at any stktt time. After a thunder storm the number of cast - -•• lm .-. A large proportion of the > us. > wen- among thoe had recently arrived at the pent, or had just returned from a tour of escort duty. A iiutnW of ca*«-« could be tnsasd to an attack sf iatfgsstitS] iVnn the use of improper f. .«.«!. and others to the immoderate drinking of river water. The dwea** was most fatal among tin- Kansas militia, w hi > were for several d:iys on the sssska of the river near the slaughter-pen where the first cv.-.- m mi.il Th.-y drank th>- liver \\;il. r. 30 Tlie disease ha.- traveled from lien- westward on both the Santa Fe and Smoky Hill route, hut has not extended eastward, although most of the fugitive* from it went in that direction. One mild case of cholera occurred on the route from Fort Kilev to this |MMI late last year, and was brought here. where the patient recovered. Bmot find any evidence that the disease was brought iieie from the east by troops, or that any cases had occurred at Fort nt Leavenworth, or Jefferson Barracks; nor can I find any local causes that M sufficient to account for its appear•. I can only suppose that the disease, having traveled ..» lur we-tward as Fort Riley last year, the germs have been I in some way until a condition of the atmosphere prevailed favorable to their extension ; and in conformity with the r, the disease has this summer continued its westward march. Nearly every officer at the post suffered from choleraic diarrhaa ; but no case of cholera occurred amoriL' them. One of the ladies of the garrison died of cholera on the 15th of July. Fort Rilf.y, Dtcemler 8. 1867. INERAI. : I have the honor to request that the following explanatory note may be appended to my report in regard to the c of cholera at Fort Harker, Kansas, during the past summer. The ratio of deaths lor the number of cases is not fairly by mj report, as the four companies of Kansas militia, "IP Company, il-tli U. S. Infantry, and "F" Cotnpanv. loth . were independent commands in camp near the post, under their own medical officer*, Only the most severe cases from mmaiids were taken into the post hospital, and are reported by me. Many of the milder cases were treated in camp, and " the cases sent to the hospital were in a hopeless state of collapse when admitted. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, GEO. If. BTERNBERO, Assistant Surgeon, and ISrevtt Major, i. S. A. Brevet Major General Jus. K. Baknes, Surgeon (General. Fokt Lkavkswukth, Kansas, August b. 1887. CiKNKKAL : I have the honor to inform you that, on the morning of the 22 d ultimo. I left this place in company with Assistant Surgeon Brewer, l\ S. A., en route for Fort Harker, having been apprised of the alarming increase of the cholera epidemic- ;<t that place. At Lawrence I was joined by Dr. Swift, U. S. A., whom I had ordered up from Jefferson Barracks, and Doctor? Wiggins and Renick. physicians under contract, engaged by the Medical Purveyor at St. Louis, at my request, for service at and about Fort Harker. At 10.90 p. m. I arrived at my place of destination, and found both medical officers at the post disabl.-d from duty, and many sick in quarters and in hospital. Dr. Sternberir, Post Surgeon, on account of fatigue, had gone to bed. Dr. < 'has.-, overwhelmed with grief on account of the loss of his wife, who had suddenly died at 4 o'clock that afternoon, was not in condition to do uny kind of duty. Kompany witli Doctors Swift and Brewer, I at once visited the sick in hospital, and found Ed. McEntire, Private. 'M. fantry, entered the day previous, convalescing from cholera, and now suli'ering from irritation of the bowels, and restive. ¦ morphia, i grain, and mustard to the abdomen, was prescribed. Private Henry C. Irvy, 18th Kansas Cavalry, aged 2.5. unmarried, entered the hospital on the 19th instant with symptoms of cholera; his dejections were BOW small and frequent, tinged with bile; had taken 60 grains calomel. Diarrhoea mixture — calomel and sulphate of quinine, of each ten grains, morphine. grain — and compress to the abdomen, were ordered. Yi- : t. d at M.'M) o'clock and 4.!i0 o'clock a. m., by Dr. Swift, with other inmates of the fiospital tents. At the latter hour it was discovered that the < -onipri ss ha minutes, 80 grains of sulphate of quinine m administered : M ttf.t t ,'tiizeil. unless that | roduced by the morphine, and death at noon resulted. Jowpb Do Fov, aged 67, married. ¦ laborer in the quartermaster's department, entered the hospital at the HUM time with the above-mentioned Frank Hunt; had been vomiting and purging excessively for several hours, or since halt p.i.-t five, and was >eizcd with excruciating cramps in the abdomen and inferior UlMUlltfcs; pulf-eles*. voice weak and husky: gBVI him chloroform, | drachm, camphorated tint -hire opium. 2 drachms, which, being retained, was followed by calomel and quinine. ofoMt 10 grain,.. As.-i.-tant Surgeon Brewer injected, eiidetinirally, a solution of 1 grain of Milphate of morphia; entire relief from pain and cramp followed. A. eompnss had also been placed upon the tMo— , ttHß^t the ,-\ acuatioiis from the b..welw re . ntiiely suppressed, and stimulants in the shape of brandy and milk puncb were nvely ttefaiotONd : M reaction followed: ¦Mi d. ath occurred at ~> o'clock p. in. An autopsy of the patient war prevented \y his h.i.-ty interment. 31 Larue details have been made from the command, and from the employes of the quartermaster's department, to thoroughly police the grounds, move tents, and disinfect privies and latrines, etc. Tents are being put up for the accommodation of cholera patients on the opposite side of the garrison from the hospital now occupied. Requisitions for ice and an abundant supply of disinfectants, medical and hospital supplies, etc., have been made. The following communication has been presented to Brevet Major General Smith, commanding the District of the Upper Arkansas, for his consideration and action : Fout Haiskku, July 23, ISG7. General: In view of the fact that cholera prevails at this post, I feel it my duty to suggest that all labor, not absolutely necessary to the forwarding of supplies, be suspended for a time, and that the command be turned out under a commissioned officer for general police. All tents should be struck and spread in the sun. inside out. and all sinks and privies should be filled up, and new ones should be dug to the leeward of the post and camps, when practicable. All filth should be sought out, and, when found, should be burned or buried, as it is impossible to say how far the decaying, dead, and decomposing vegetable and animal matters may affect the health of the troops and employes. All rank-growing grass and weeds should be cut down and burned, and a general and thorough policing of all camps, as well as the post, ordered. Bmuch as the mechanics are leaving the post, I beg leave to suggest the propriety of suspending, for a fortnight, the going on. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, MADISON MILLS, Mtdical Director Department of Missouri, U. S. A. General A. J. Smith, Commiuuiiii'j Distrvt Upper Arkansas, Fort Harker, Kansas. July 24th : McEntire, Scott, and Duffy doing well. Dr. Swift visited all the camps and trains in and about the post, advising ¦ change of position for some, and a thorough policing of ground* for all; digging of sinks and using them: boiling all water for drinking purposes, or, when practicable, making tea to be drank cold ; cleanliness of person, etc.. to be strictly observed. The doctor found J. Kourke, a teamster, in one of the cook's tents in articulo mortis. He had been visited by Dr. Chase, contract physician. Dr. Chase found him la the stage of collapse; had vomited and had rice- water evacuations, cramps, etc., following a diarrhoea of four or five days' continuance, before calling for assistance. The doctor gave him } grain of sulphate of morphia, and ¦ mixture of chloroform, brandy, and camphorated tincture of opium every 20 minutes, to no purpose N. Ni Steele, aged "> o'clock revealed nothing beyond the congestions and lesions usually found in such cases. Hanse was a man of unusual health, strength, and vigor, and up to the moment of attack was as well as usual. ¦le same time, and in the same locality, the medical officers were called on to see Neide, ambulance driver, aged 21, rl. fair complexion, alight form, and doMcatt organization. He had suffered from diarrlura several days, but the day and up to the moment of the attack of cholera, fie felt himself to be convalescent. Symptoms, except in dtgfM af and treatment, were almost the same as in the above-mentioned case ; reaction, however. * em. d to be more complete, promise of continuance. Dr. Swift, whom I left last ahjhl in ehaifl at Fort Harker, makes the following provision for the command at Wilson's HW the termiir.H of the lailrcad track : F< loit: An ambulance will le set to you in a few BMMMBSI to tak<- you to Wilson's Bftok, about fifteen miles from here, vsliep- it i- rejM.it«f the 25th. Saw him at 2 o'clock the following morning in profound collapse; pul.se imperceptible at wrist, and heart fluttering; had had rice-water evacuations and vomiting, which had ceased, Gave him brandy, a teaspoonful tvery 15 minutes. No n:i< ti«m took place, and at 9a. m. he died. Patrick Day, married, belonging to the same party, was seized in the same manner and at the same time ; saw him at 2 o'clock a. m. ; symptoms and treatment as above. He was transferred to the post hospital, and died at 11 a. m. David Gillispic, Mexican, belonging to the train, aged 50, married, was attacked at 9p. in., the 18th, witli vomiting and purging. Haw him at 2 o'clock the following morning, with cramps, rice-water evacuations, pulse soft and 120. Gave him calomel, grains 10, and morphine, grain, which, being vomited, was at once repeated and retained. Half a grain of morphine waa subsequently repeated every hour. Saw him again ai 11 a. in. on the 27th ; vomiting and purging had (¦eased; hands shrunken, pulse imperceptible, heart fluttering; sunk rapidly, and soon died. Jos6 Maria Villanal. Mexican, ¦gtd 30, belonging to a passing train, was attacked yesterday, about 4 p. m., witli diarrhoea and vomiting. His symptoms (12 m., July 26th) are those of profound collapse — cramps in the extremities; vox choleraica ; coldness of hands and feet; hands also shrunken; tongue and breath cold. Gave him 10 grains calomel, £ grain sulphate morphia, and a teaspoonful of brandy every fifteen minutes. His pulse was imperceptible at the wrist. July 27th, 2 o'clock p. m., tongue moist, breath warm; could detect the pulse at the wrist; has had no cramps or vomiting since yesterday evening. Had MM passage this morning; ordered the brandy to be continued and the man to be transferred to hospital ; arrived at hospital at 6. 30 p. m.. not much improved ; still in collapse; injected sulphate atropia, ;i '/ grain, in arm; his pulse ruse. Dr. Hrewcr injected atropia in two cases, also, one of which recovered, and the other survived four days. Dr. Renick also reported, July 27th, two fatal cases. Ford and Prior, in passing trains, in the stage of collapse, and rapidly sinking when lie saw them. The following communications were to-day received from Dr. Wiggins by Dr. Swift, and his requirements at once complied WlUON'fl CXBM BTATKMT, Juhj 26, 18G7. DOCTORS I have the honor to make the following report: I arrived at this station at 4 p.m. yesterday, (ttth inst.) I cannot at present give in full detail a history of the four fatal cases that occurred before my arrival, as both the officers with the company are quite unwell, and unable to give me the necessary data. Such facts as I could obtain from nurses are as follows : James Ferguson was taken sick while on guard duringthe night of July. 23d and 2 lth. and drank very largely of water; was attacked with violent pain in the stomach, cramps in limbs, frequent discharges from the bowels of " whitish water, like the white of an egg ;'' no vomiting ; died at 2 o'clock p. m. July 24th. post mortem appearance shriveled and shrunken. George Kelly was taken sick on evening of the 23d, with very nearly the same symptoms throughout as Ferguson ; died 3 p. m., July 24th. Charles Herman was taken sick at 3 p.m., July 2lth; vomited dinner, which had consisted mainly of underdone beans; no further vomiting; diarrhea (rice -water) and cramps ; died at 8 a. in., July 86th. Lieutenant Amick is of opinion that in some of these cases then- was a greenish color to the evacuations, but the nurses thai attended them constantly describe them as uniformly watery and a hiiish. I have now eleven men under treatment, none of them as yet cases of cholera, and lam sanguine of the recovery of all. Two are in a typhoid condition, resulting from diarrhna. fatigue, improper food, &c. The cases ofdiaitbOM are, I believe, under control. I found the company on my arrival in pTM*M of moving from the west to the east side of creek — an improvement in location, perhaps, though either locality seemed very clean and healthy. The water is very much like that used at Fort Harker. I have requested that, for drinking purposes, it be boiled or Bl unable to see any adequate cause for the prevalence of thfa disease here : possibly epidemic influence is at the bottom, ilied material! vbv bad drinking water and Improper diet. The rations consist of very fat bacon, hard brea' Sun/ton, I . >'. .1. •) 33 ('ami' at Wilson's Chkkk, July 26, 1807. Doom ! I heg leave to request that, if possible, a small quantity of fresh beef be sent to this post for the use of the sick, in lieu of beef extract, or until the latter can be obtained. A supply of canned milk would also, under the present circumstances, bt of irreat advantage to the sick. I would further ask if it would be feasible to have ice forwarded to the end of the railroad — my twice a week, on designated days — whence it could he conveyed to camp by company wagons. |»c than anything else, we need proper food tat these sick men. No medicine can avail much while the sick have to >n fat bacon, hard bread, and beans. The company commander concurs with me in an earnest request to have supplies for sick men provided as soon as possible. We cannot wait to have business forwarded v through the proper channels.'' iive been several new cases of diarrhoea to-day, but no deaths since those I reported to you in my communication of this ¦, and which occurred before I arrived. ¦ree men are dangerously ill, hut I hope to save them, and feel convinced that, with proper food and hospital supplies, the can soon be brought under subjection. Lieutenant Kennedy, commanding the company, is quite ill with remittent fever; in fact, taken too much medicine during the past few days, and been only partially able to attend to his duties. Second ant Amick is also unwell, having been afflicted with diarrhoea attended with choleraic symptoms. I have the honor to he, Colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. W. WIGGINS, • Acting AttisUmt Surgeon, V. S. A. Brevet Colonel E. Swift, Surgeon, V. S. A. B Reynolds, Acting Assistant Surgeon, serving with troops at the terminus of the railroad, reports, July 28th, five cases and iths. A report of these casts, and seven others, only one of which, a colored soldier, belonged to the command at Foil will be furnished by Assistant Surgeon Brewer, U. S. A. Captain Helm is reported to have died at Fort Zarah y. The report of Dr. McGill's death is not credited. Dr. Swift, by request, visited the town of Ellsworth, four miles distant, where the epidemic raged fearfully, and with great futility. The physicians relied mainly on chloroform, opium, camphor, capsicum, and calomel. Some gave creasoteand carbolic acid, and one was found administering chloroform by inhalation; neither success nor any marked improvement rewarded tln-ir labors. At Salina, permanganate of potassa was used with no better results. At the former place the panic-stricken inhabitants have left their workshops and merchandise and have fled to distant parts for safety. A woman found by Dr. Swift in the staire of collapse, who had taken freely of cholera mixture, improved, and probably recovered, with no other treatment than blue mass and quinine, 20 grains of each, cold tea, a bandage and compress to the abdomen, and small injections of starch, laudanum, and catechu. This injection was often used with patients in hospital. Frtrt Harker is situated on an elevated platform, near Smoky Hill creek. The formation is coarse red sand to the depth of fifteen feet, imposed upon a thick strata of coarse ferruginous sandstone, covered with a thick coat of soil. All the water used at the port is taken from a spring located in the bank of the creek, about fifteen feet above its surface, and about the same distance below the plateau. It contains, according to analysis by Dr. lleger, five parts to 11)0,000 of organic matter in solution, besides what is held in suspension ; about four times as much as is contained in the water of the Mississippi river. After standing twenty, four hours it becomes disagreeable to the taste, and aniuialeulte are perceptible to the naked eye. Though the water is clear and beautifully translucent, in a few hours it deposits a very perceptible slimy substance upon t!,.- bottom and sides of the vessels holding it. A small trace of iron is discovered in solution. This is undoubtedly surface water, and the organic matter it contains, both in solution and suspension, comes along with it from the top of the ground, where the supply is abundant, having accumulated, in the numerous camps of troops and supply trains, from men and animals. The water of the Smoky Hill Fork \a still more objectionable, being really offensive at times. The bottom of this stream abounds in quicksands, into which cattle and entire herds of buffalo sink and are drowned; its waters wash these rotten (Micas-e,., and bear away their decomposing elements of the flesh of to-day and the decaying hones of ages. ¦ h atmosphere seemed to breathe a pestilential breath, nauseous to the unacclimated. Carrion flies (musra rwhin-r'nin, have superseded the common house fly and swarm everywhere. Tb«- command numbers something over "200 men, and there are bet ween four and five hundred employes of the quarteiu.;.-t.-r's department. Ktir.-t MM of cholera made its appearance on the river; the second was the assistant butcher, living some distance from Tlie epidemic seemed to have originated here, where cnuses are as abundant as among the pilgrims to Mecca and tlie of the Gnat Desert. Other reports will be furni.-hed when completed. Very respectfully, your obedient sersant, EBN. SWIFT, Sn rf Miammri, 34 Labokatohy ok tiik SUMSOM QnißAL'l Oi h< i:, WmMmgton City, I). C, dm§mstW, 1867. Sii: : On examining two samples of water from Fort Harker, Kmmm, together witli two others from this city. witli reference to the amount of permanganate of potash Nfobvjd for their purification from WfMlk Btttar, I obtained tin- following results: Water No. 1, from Fort Harker 43 gnfa, ,„„,. p^rman^mate p«r gallon. " No. 2 " " *-, a Wat«'r from pump in yard of Surgeon General's Office 17 " " « " Aqueduct water from tank, in whicli n.ucli of its impurities had been deposited .2:5 " " n B water No. 1 contains 29 grtins of solid matter per gallon, of which 11 grain* were destroyed by ignition. No. 2 < oiitainns ]>er gallon of solid matter, of which 8.2 grains were destroyed by ignition. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. F. CRAIG, Acting Assistant Surf/eon, U. 8, ./. Brevet Lt. Col. J. J. Woodwakk, Annxtant fIWyMW, ('. 6. FOKT ELUUntR, Kansas, J,ihj 31, I*G7. GunUtAL: I have ihe honor to forward the following report in reference to the pi evalence of epidemic cholera at this post : B the evening of the 22d of .July 1 arrived at Fort Marker, Kansas, accompanied by the Medical Director. .Surgeon E. id Acting Assistant Surgeons W. H. Reniek and A. \V. Wiggins, U. 8. A. Cases of epidemic cholera were occurring daily me, and the disease had existed with a certain degree of regularity since the 27th of June, the date of the occurrence rst case at the post. Ks at once assigned to duty, relieving Brevet Major G. M. Sternberg, Assistant .Sunreon, U. S. A. He had recently met vere loss in t.ie death of his wife, at the post, of cholera, and was unfitted for duty from physical and mental prostration, tant, Acting Assistant Surgeon T. li. Chase, U. S. A., had lost his wife hut an hour previous to my arrival, from puervulsions. , I immediately went on duty and visited the cholera wards, in company with the Medical Director and Dr. Swift. Measures, such as the most recent investigations warranted, assisted by the advice and experience of the senior medical officers present, were immediately put in force. I took personal charge of the cholera wards. The most recent and approved methods of treatment were adopted, and every known means resorted to for the cure or alleviation of the disease. I regret to say that the result of any treatment after the disease wcs fully established was highly unsatisfactory. A large majority of the cases w .-re not seen until the stage of collapse had ensued ; and to this I atrUmte. in part, the large mortality. K following tables show the number of cases, also the number of deaths, from the commencement of the epidemic until its •ance : '/'.////»¦ shinciiuj the number of caatt and death* from Cholera amonji troops, for June MMJ .hi hi, IBfi7. * Jink. July. "~~~ i i I I I I)ut«- 27 28 29 30 12 3 4,5 678!9|101113131415 16 ¦ 17 ' 18 10 20 21 22 '-•:! MX M -'7 >M3O 31 Qmw 11l 23.. . 1 1I 1 3 3| 2.. . :i 11 1.. . 1 •-' 1 1j 1 -' « • Thin tlibie * 'I'liin tiil>!<' is not |K-rfiM:tly Hmol tliri'r ilfiiths in August. * Thin tnblo is not perfectly correct ; the nominal list i>f cuscs (fives four MM! in July, v, itlicmt tlatf, « liiili arc iml ln-rc iiiilmliil. Tin n- « t-ro ul»o the nominal list of cu.srn (fives four c ¦in July, without diitf, which are tint tMTC im luil.il. Th'-ri- van ¦!¦¦ IliriT ilfiitlis in Aii(fnst. /'.//,// .v/,. ,//•;,/,; t/,r niniihrr of niKin tmd t/irt/i* from Cho/i ni . for .1 n in -and .l ill '//. nmonif riti:> us ami , w/'fni/r'x nim. us tm&mm/loftt^ '/" V"" 7 "'""" I '"' DepmrtmH nt. Itijtiirlini nt. Jink. July. i Dal*.... lff I M 2930 l| 2 3141 »| fi 7 p' !» I 10 11 1 12 Il3' 14 ! 1.") It! 17 UI9MOH S3 M M «sj^7 _^_ 30^ 35 It will be seen that a iMMf relative mortality MVvaßsi, apparently, among the troops than unions the citizens or quartermaster's employes. The greater number of deaths among troopa occurred among rhe recently enlisted Kansas volunteers*. I am satisfied rhar NM deaths occurred, which are nor included in the tables, among citizens ; also, that many of" the MM reported as cholera among the citizens and tmj&BJJR vm not genuine cases of tlie disease. It was with great; difficulty that I could collect the necessary data on which to base a report. The record was in many cases deficient; thus, none ti the cases occurring during the first seven days of .July were recorded. I ascertained that Acting Assistant Surgeon Ira Perry. D S . A . who had charge of these cases, had left no record of them. He had left the post previous to my arrival. I immediately wrote to him and obtained all the cases he had kept an v record of. No detailed account of the treatment of these cases, nor of those occurring previously, could be obtained, as the hospital prescription books had not been kept up since September last. The cases which were admitted into hospita' after my arrival I treated variously. At the commencement of the attack calomel seemed to ¦> MM a marked effect, both in allaying the irritability of the stomach and re-establishing the biliary secretion. I used opiates and .iV<>holic stimulants very cautiously. I saw no good effects follow their use in the. early stages of tin; disease; but, after reaction. very small doses of brandy and beef tea. associated with di'uents. I believe, contribiued much towards a speedy recovery. In the stage of collapse I found no remedy so efficacious as that practised by Brevet Brigadier General J. J. B. Wright, Surgeon. L*. S. A., and IMVWMM by Brevet Brigadier General J. B. Brown. Surgeon, U. S. A., during the prevalence of cholera last year in Xew York harbor, viz: the exhibition of larire doses of calomel, either alone or followed by a bolus of powdered capsicum. lam satisfied that I have seen goo 1 results follow this plan of treatment. In three cases, after collapse was ffllly established, I tried the plan first proposed and pur in practice by Professor J. T. Hodgen of the St. Louis medical faculty, viz : the subcutaneous injection of atropine, followed l> y saline injections per rectym. Dr. Hodgen attributes the reaction which he claims is brought about by this agent to its powerful influence over the sympathetic system of nerves. In the first case no result followed its use; in the second, reaction was promptly established, but the patient died at a subsequent period from uraemia; in the third case, reaction was brought about, but was not established until the remedy had been used four times, at intervals of one hour. After the saline injections had been used some time, a marked change in the appearance ensued; the patient lost 'he peculiar livid hae of collapse, and became blanched; a decided increase of bulk was manifest at the same time. The patient recovered without unpleasant symptoms. The proportions of atropine used were from ,' , to ./., of a grain. I have seen m notice of this remedy oilier than a modest pamphlet issued by Dr. Hodgen. I believe it is deserving of further trial. Other NMMMI were used by the medical officers present, and a measure of success claimed for each of them. Acting Assistant Surgeon Wm. H. Renick. used calomel and morphia, in the proportion of II grains of the former, and * grain of the latter; and in MMMM, carbonate of ammonia, combined with quinine and morphia. I had assigned Dr Renick to the duty of attending the cases which occurred among contractors' trains and citizens in the immediate vicinity of the post; he also rendered me much valuable assistance in the hospital. I am unable to speak of the mode of treatment practised most successfully by Surgeon EL Swift, L*. S. A. I had hoped to derive much valuable information from his former experience in the treatment of the disease, but he was 'ailed away \ places so distant from the post that this was rendered impossible; he remained but a short rime at Fort Marker. Other auxiliary measures were adopted for the alleviation of the symptoms. Hypodermic injections at morphia were MM for cramps, also to allay irritability of the stomach; chloroform for vomiting; frictions, sinapisms, Ac. PuMM were allowed to drink moderately of cold tea. and, during convalescence, of milk punch and beef tea, in small quantities. The following case I report in full, because it presented all the symptoms of a well-m:»rked MM of Asiatic cholera; its occurrence, moreover, under the worst hygienic conditions, and in a stout, hearty man. previously in good h<:ilth, is calculated to verify the fact, already. I think, so well established, viz: that bad hygienic influences are eminently concerned in developing and characterizing the disease : Foster MHj MM SB years, unmarried, an MMStant wagonmaster in the employ of the quartermaster, was seized, on rhe morning of the 'Jfith of July, at I o'clock, with vomiting and purging of a fluid resembling rice water, attended with cramps of the abdomen, upper and lower extremities ; he had no piemonitory diarrhoea. Patient was seen at V) minutes pMt ! o'clock bj Dns. Chase and Renick; was ordered Sijiibb's mixture, and sinapisms to abdomen, and friction to extremities. I saw the MllMl at 40 minutes past 10 o'clock, with Dr. Swift, who removed the sinapism substituting therefor a compress and bandage. Dr. Renick also pMMMMfI calomel, 10 grains, morphia. £ grain, which was immediately rejected ; he prescribed, also, morphia. i grain : followed by - MMk, and received all the drainage from the fort above. I saw scattered MOM 'f.-<-!ii(l.- tbt possibilit y of its derivation from this MBM The post MMurfa at Fort ROej, livt. UoOMMMI Colonel ('. ('. PteSMM, Captain. -4f4 f 1 1 I. S. Anillery, informed me that two days previous to the departure ,>f the 3M V. S. Colored Infantry from that po.-t Mf Fort Marker, a case of sudden death occurred, the patient Mag an employe of the quartermaster's department, and that the post surgeon. Surgeon H. J. I). Irwin. I. S. A., reported it to him as a case of sporadic cholera. After the Iteth left Fort Kil>-v. and had arrived at Junction City, but three miles distant, he received information from Ass.t. Borgeca 0. M. McGill, I*. >. A., that he would leave a number of men at Junction City sick with diarrhoea. These men were brought hack to Fort Kii-v. Two days after the arrival of the at Fort Marker the first case of cholera occurred, but the patient was a butcher, in the employ of the commissary department. Cases soon made their appearance, however, among the !Wth,and continued to prevail among them with great fatality. Now, it is well known that cholera prevail-d at Fort Hi ley last year, but did not ext-nd further westward. Associated with this circumstance is the fact that, since last year, the facilities for travel westward have K^en irn-atly increased by the extension of the railroad to Fort Marker. It is also known that, as soon as the railroad reached Fort llarker. that post at once became the outfitting depot for the plains. A large number of quartermaster employes were brought thither from Fort Riley, partly on account of its being the depot and partly to construct the fort. It seems not unreasonable to suppose that the cholera germ might have been transplanted from Fort Riley by these means ; and after having once reached Fort Marker, that the essential conditions for its development and spread were abundantly afforded, I shall presently proceed to show. Bother supposed origin of the disease (but one to which little value should be attached) is based on a report brought to irker that one company of the 3^th came direct from Nashville, Tennessee, to Fort Marker, stopping but two iftjji ¦ Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. I have no means of establishing this fact. and. moreover, it is not even known that prevailed at Nashville at the time of the company's departure. In favor of the local oriirin of the disease, much can be urged. That the essentials for its development and propagation (after the specific germ had been presented) existed at Fort Marker, there can be no doubt, provided the views of Professor Pettenkotfer on this subject are correct, viz : a porous soil, the existence of subsoil water, and the presence of a certain 'i'LTee of heat and moisture; but, in addition to these, there were certain other influences at work, influences which have been long recognized as essential elements in the production of diarrhoea, dysentery, and certain diseases characterized by a low degree of vitality. Dr. Peters states, in his recent work on cholera, '"that no amount of filth, imprudence, or diarrha-al disease, without the addition of the peculiar cause, can give rise to the disease in temperate climes." Recent investigations, moreover, point to these very causes, viz : filth, imprudence. &c, operating in tropical climes, as the factors in the production of the disease. Thus, in a recent article in Ranking^ Abstract for January, l"iv, Dr. Norman Cheevers attributes the origin of the disease at its presumed source, the Delta of the Ganges, to drinking water contaminated by emanations from sewers, burning ghats. Pi manure, night-soil, &c. That most of these causes, or their equivalent, were (with the exception of a tropical climej'in full operation at Fort Marker at the time of the breaking out of the epidemic. I think I can satisfactorily show. The water for drinking purposes at Fort Harker is derived from two springs situated about 151) feet below the general level of the ground; the soil at their mouths is composed of coarse sand, immediately beneath which, and composing the surface soil for miles around the post, lies a porous soil of a character eminently fitted for absorbing and transmitting to the subsoil wa'.-r the products of the decomposition of animal and vegetable matters. Specimens of the drinking water from each sprinir. with samples of the surface soil and new red sandstone from the vicinity of the post, w>-re forwarded to the Surgeon General's Office. An incredible amount of filth had been allowed to collect in and around the post. Dead animals were left at no great difrom the post unburied. and subjected to the full influence of a sun almost tropical. Refuse articles of food — beef, pack, beans. &c. — were cast out to putrify on the ground, without regard to cleanliness. Trains were accustomed to camp around the post, sometimes remaining for one i.ight only, sometimes for several days and nights : and no regard was paid to the construction of sinks or receptacles for the refuse food, &c. Hut the neirlect of sanitary measures was not confined to this class. After my ai rival at the post, I found, on more than one occasion, meat, bread, cabbage. &.c, underiroiiiir decomposition is the sun. ai within a few feet (in more than one instance) of the officers' quarters. Rank w.-.-ds w-re allowed to grow on the parade ground and about the quarters of the officers and men. The stables of the post were situated at one end of the parade ground, on apiece of ground sloping gently to the creek. These stables, it is true, were not built until February. 1867 : but for months previous to that time their site had been occupied by the horses of two companies of the 7th Cavairy. I think there can be no reasonable doubt that the drinking water was impregnated with organic matters derived from these several sources. One other source of contamination deserves special mention. As soon as evening dosed in. a horrid stench settled 4mm SB till fi.rt. The source of this was for a time veiled in obscurity; it could not be accounted Mf by the emanations from the -inks and privies, (though th^se last were not in a cleanly condition.) for the same odor continued after disinfection had been practise d. The M.-dii.al Director soon discovered the source of this, impurity, which was a large pit. situated directly in the quarter whenc MM tli- prevailing wind, from one- quarter to half a mile from the post; this was and had been (for h<>w loni: a time it is not known) the receptacle of every conceivable kind of filth, decomposing meats, offals, &C. This hot-bed of disease swarmed with large maggots, and the stench emanating therefrom was intolerable. Swarms of iarire gfMB flies fille.i the quarters of the officers .mil in. ii. and attacked al! food left exposed. There was nothing peculiar in this sp.-ci.-s of riy ; it (¦ one which is bond everywhere win-re filth is allowed to accumulate in larire quantities. With reference to the hvi;ienic measures adopted, as soon a*» I r.-ach.-d the post I put in operation fYiTV means available for correcting the deplorable condition of affairs. I deemed it of first importance ft* place the hospital. AW cholera ssflM and surroundings in as good hygienic condition M MMAfa. With this view. I had all sources of tilth removed: w •d- w.ie uprooted and burn, doi bni.d . ftt gfTMHsI TPIW th..n.ui;hlv policed d.iiU : ssttks were frequently disinfected and removed ; the ck 37 tents were removed to new sites every second day, and the tents fumigated daily ; disinfectants were constantly kept in the cholera tents, and all vomited and other matters disinfected as soon as discharged. The drinking water was treated with permanganate of potash before use. To the free use of disinfectants in the cholera tents and sinks, I attribute the immunity from the disease enjoyed by the nurses and attendants. No case of cholera occurred among them after I took charge. I desire to bear testimony to the energy and zeal displayed by the medical officers on duty with me at the post, Acting Assistant Surgeons Chase and Kenick. They did their duty. Hospital Steward Darling, U. S. A., a recently enlisted steward, also deserves commendation. The nurses and attendants in the cholera wards were almost all of them negroes. I was very much surprised at their fidelity; they placed great faith in disinfectants, and after their use they seemed to have no fear of the disease. In conclusion, I desire to state that Ido not claim that cholera originated, de novo, at Fort Harker ; but, in the absence of any certain proof of its importation, save the existence of the disease at Fort Riley last year, with the one isolated case mentioned this year, and the free communication with that post this spring, together with the known tendency of the disease to progress westward, I have deemed it proper. to enumerate the causes which, under some circumstances, might be considered sufficient to originate the Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. W. BREWER, Atxistant Surycon, and Brevet Major, [J. S. .1. Major Genera! J. K. Barnes, Surgeon General, U. S. A. Detachment of the 38th Infantry en BOUT! from Fort Harker, Kansas, to New Mexico. Statement of the movements of Headquarters and the, several Companies of the 387, where; it remained Bpany "I" left Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, May 12th, 1867; arrived at Fort Hays, Kansas, May 25th, 1867; left Fort msas, June 24th, 1867, and established a post at the Monuments, Kansas, where it remained stationed. ¦pany "X" left Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, June !Mh, 1867; arrived at Fort Riley, Kansas, June 12th, 18117; left Fort insas, June Uith, 1867; arrived at Fort Harker, Kansas. June Mi, 1867; left Fort Harker, Kansas, July 20th, 1867; t Fort Dodge, Kansas, July 30tb, 1867; left Fort Dtjfft, Kansas, August Ist, 1867; arrived at Fort Union, New August 31st, 1867; left Fort Union, New Mexico, September 4th, 1867, and arrived at Fort Selden, New Mexico, r 27th, IBfi7, where it remained stationed. BAJiL. BBECK, 38 POST B\y.\i:i>, \kw Mkxico, Xorrmbrrd, 18G7. Eave the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated October 15th, and am very happy to furnish you all on in my power upon the matter of wliicli it treat*. I will ongfMt, however, that Dr. Kirke, Acting Assistant lit to be able to give a more complete medical history of the battalion of the SBttl Infantry, late under my command, er person, an he took charge noon (two days) after the death of Colonel McfJill, with the name hospital steward ¦cords. The command left Fort Marker, Kansas, on the 28th of June, apparently in i_'ood health. The following table shows the they occurred, according to the records* and recollection of company commanders : ciißt'o u» iiiv^ ffTTTiimnij uLuunriiij^ uj tin* mwnii uuu ilmjuium. nun in <;ui\ < i oiiiiii;iji | H'i> : «*» ISjf ?e O ath°8 f Place of command. ta~fa. June 29 1 1 Cow Creek, Kansas Takt'ii in the morning and died in the evening. July 1 1 Left Fort Zarah. "22 1 30 miles west of Fort Zarah.. * Case of July Ist died. " 3 1 Arrived at Fort La med Sergeant Wort, of (.';;."'!)," tuken Hick. "63 1 40 miles west of Fort Lamed. .Sergeant Wort, of Co. " D," died. "7 2 1 55 miles west of Fort Lamed. " 8 3 65 miles west of Fort Lamed. " 10 2 1 East of Fort Dodg*. '• 11 1 West of Fort Dodge. " II 1 Do. do. " 13 1 Do. do. " 15 2 Do. do. " 16 2 East of Pretty Kncampment. •'17 4 2 Salt Hottom Mrs. Mc(>i!l took cholera about Ba. m.. and die. in. " 18 1 Sandy Creek. " 19 2 Old Fort Lyon, C. T Dr. McGill took cholera while behind column at Salt Bottom. " 20 2 2 Do. do. Dr. Mefiill died, at 3.31J p. m.. at Salt Bottom (head of), near bluff. ' 21 1 Do. do. " 23 1 New Fort Lynn. " 2i> 1 Sonth of Arkansas. Ten enlisted men died. ;uid Dr. and Mrs. MeKill. B above table gives the number of deaths correctly, but the number of cases is prohaldy larger than would have rted as cholera by a medical officer, as there was a natural tendency to name every case cholera. It will lie seen that o BOW cases after leaving old Fort Lyon. The most malignant cases were at Salt Bottom. B difficult, perhaps impossible, to determine where or how the cholera originated. There were no cases in the companies re reaching Fort Marker, but I was informed by Colonel MoGfll that there was ¦ case of cholera among the employes uteiniaster's department at Fort Marker the day before we left, viz: the 27th June. ¦march, after the appearance of cholera, was continued and conducted strictly under the advice of Colonel MoGflL Me ivs consulted upon the selection of camps when we were in the vicinity of posts. It is proper to add here, that he regretted tion of the camp at Fort Lamed, on account of the flow of water from our camp toward the post, which he did not notice •ground was first examined. In view of this fact, I determined to change the camp, but was prevented by Colonel Mi-Gill, I the troops needed rest, and that it would do my command more harm to move than it could possibly benefit the p«*t. Colonel McGill gave It frequently M his opinion that the disease in my battalion resulted from the patients having BOM exposed to choleraic influence the year before; and that the bad water of the Arkansas, and worse of the tributaries, was the exciting OMM, lie also gave it as his opinion that, unless the disease became more malignant in its chaia< ter, persons who had not NO exposed to choleraic iiitl iience last year were almost certainly safe. Me seemed to be borne out in this opinion by the fact that almost .every man who had cholera had been enlisted in cities where cholera was most malignant in l^ti'!. For instance, Co. "D" had boon partly organized at Jefferson Barracks, Mi.-souri, (near St. Louis,) during the prevalence of cholera at St. Louis, and said company lost eight of the ten men who died in the battalion. Brevet Major and Assistant Surgeon Tilt at Fort Lyon, agreed with Colonel MoGUI upon the fMOtfOB of continuing the inarch; both thought it better to march, care being taken not to exhaust the troops. 39 Bplv shall l>e given. If there- is anything further which, in your judgment, we may be ;ibleto give. pIMM write again and ive questions to answer, or in some other manner indicate the points upon which you wish information. I am. Colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY ('. MERKIAM, Jfiyav IHc/t Infantry, Brsvut Colonel, U. S. A. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel.!. C. McKkf.. Sun/Kin, !'. S. A. Wi— UtCWSt, 1). ('.. Februarys, 1868. GKNKK.vr. : Learning that the reports regarding cholera, as it appeared in the Ist Battalion, 38tk U. S. Infantry, during its march from Fort Harker, Kansas, to Fort Bayard. N. M., has been lost in transmission, I have the honor to offer the following from memory, all papers, books. &c, being It ft with the command : While on duty with Company " C." I'd U. »S. Cavalry, then encamped on the Purgatoire river, learning of the death ot Dr. McGill, Assistant Surgeon. L". S. A., and that the IWth U. S. li.fanfrv. suffering greatly from cholera, was destitute of medical assistance, my proper command Mag entirely free from disease of any kind, having received permission from Brevet Captain \V. Cain, commanding " C" troop, I joined the detachment of 9BA Int'mtrv July 2!5d, 1867. they then being in camp on the Arkansas river, two miles below old Fort Lyon. The camp wan, in my opinion, ill chosen, being on the bottom ; though the high blurt's, with excellent camping grounds, were within two hundn d yards. The men had dug wells at some distance from the river bank, using the water that percolated through, though it wax LL'hlv ii,.{ i-e<_ r i i;ited with the alkali that abounds in those; n trioi.s. Tin; two considerations mentioned caused me to urge upon " Colonel Merriam. Major :i.~th Infantry, commanding detachment, the immediate necessity of moving the command to a better r» si'ion. besides the effect which would be produced upon the morale of the men by the constant and varied changes incident to the march. The hospital was in a Sibley tent, which, from its defective ventilation and excessive heat, was anything but cal<~ulatr. McGill had confined himself to the chloroform treatment, which had met with success in his hands during the cholera t pidemic on David's island. New York harbor, so it was continued in the present case. A most inopportune rain storm. Hooding the whole bottom/ with over two feet of waer in the hospital, it being in the lowest portion, prevented a fair test of the chloroform treatment, as the patient was drowned, the other patients in the hospital giving him no assistance, ;,nd all outside communication being cut off by the violence of the storm, which pro-trated every tent except the Sibley. On the 25th the command crossed the Arkansas river; after which four new cases occurred, two ot them beinir team- - They were all put under the treatment thoroughly tried by myself during the epidemic of cholera which occurred in Chicago in I*.">.'s, and afterward in New York city in Ht!6. My belief that the extreme prostration, nervous in its character, which alwav* accompanies a violent invasion of the disease, indicated that its force was expended almost altogether upon the spinal cord, _ -ted to me the use of strychnia in large doses as a powerful and certain excitant of the nervous system, combined, in the first instance, with an aqueous solution of capsicum, to stimulate the stomach and promote rapid absorption of the strychnia, The treatment, therefore, adopted wi< a tablespoonful of the solution, and , , of a grain of strychnia; the strychnia to be repeated :: 1", minutes. In all the four cases in which this treatment was adopted the improvement was so immediate and marked that, in ¦ teu minutes after the second dose, the patient fell into a calm sleep, the cramps being perfectly, and other symptoms very much relieved. The treatment afterward was expectant, and ali recovered. In all cases the usual symptoms of cholera, such ;w iter discharges, collapse, and apathy, were present. The last case occurred about one day's march from Iron Sprh.irw. There Ml of MM many cases or" diarrhu-a and dysentery, about sixty men presenting themselves daily at sick call, but the vast majority of them were of such a liirht character that they were not put upon the sick report, or relieved from duty with the command. After crossing the Katon rantre. all diseases, except those common to every column upon the march, disappeared : and one week's cjuuruntine on the I'ppcr Ocate put the command in a thoroughly healthy condition. Of the cases found by me upon joining the command, three died on the march. I cannot close this report without calling the attention of the I department to Hoi-pital .Steward D. D. Peabody, U. S. A., whose devotion and care of the sick was so unremitting as to prostrate himseif completely. Trusting that the circumstances under which this report is written will be sufficient excuse for its meagreiiess, I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant If. M. KISKE, Art in;/ Assistant &WJNM) ('. S. A. Four Lvov, C. I., •/"/// •-"-.', IH!7. 0 ROULi f have 'he honor la report that the :i-r|, l\ g. Infantry (two companies) arrive. 1 at old Fort Lyon. ('. T., July i ith cholera amonu them. I visited the command by direction of the post commander, and ascertain* d from Brevet Vol., nel Merriam, commanding the detachment, that the first cane <><¦<¦ ,<-r> d the day after they left Fort Marker. .unl that I citizen wmfioji of the quartern ia.-ter's department died of cholera at Fort Harker the daj hefon- the :',r-th I. S. Infantry left there ; that there 1,.,. 1 twenty can.-* among the troop*, with MX deaths; that Mrs. Dr. UcGUI died of cholera M the 17th in.-tant; that Dr. MHiill I' S \ h- d beei left 'M> mil< - l<-n-l too - <¦!< to v- v>-\ 40 I found five mild MM of bMcn in tin; hospital t-nt. I advised Colonel Merriam to encamp :it least six miles from the post, where supplies could be Ml him witliout any ttkk command rfrittng Hkt EMI. I rli.-ri Mrtftj to visit Dr. Met. ill: it was l> o'clock p. ::i. when I jtriiv iost who told him that li • was al.oiit seven miles off. At Ihe same Mi,e. | t , denied the authority of the post commander to place him in quarantine. Bider the circumstances. I advised the post commander to fill their requisition:* as soon as possible, and rlien let tl.em around the post, cross the ferry five miles above, and march at least five miles a!>ove the ferry before encamping. lirew cases have occurred to-day. Actiri'.' Assistant Surgeon 11. M. Kirke. I. S. A., who was on duty with the :5d Cavalry. iy "C," was deta. hed and sent to the :Hth this inoriiiiiir. Company "C," U I. S. Cavalry, b acting as e-cort to an ring pai'ty ; it has no sickness, and then; an: four citizen doctors with tfct surveying party. Acting A.-si.-tant Ba>f*Ml Hfinan, U. 'S. A., had been sent down the Arkansas river to visit various detachiii'-nrs at th<- ,-tai." stations, and men not c. I deem it much .safer for the oniniand to continue its maivh than to go into a permanent camp. ¦icre is no excitement t.or alarm aiming the men. To quarantine them would, in my opinion, irr.atly increase the mortality, day* inarch Magi them mm the mountains, and I have strong hopes that, by strict sanitary measures, the disease entirely eradicated before they cross the Katou Mountains. The commanding officer at Fort Union has been notified. Very respectfully, your obedient servant. 11. B. TILTOX, A^i.itniil Sii,-ijii,ii, >in'/ lirmt MqftT, f. §. A. Urevet Drigl dier General Mu.r.s, Medical Oirtetor Deptrtwtcmt tf At Mi.i.iiiur!. Sicoxd Detachment of rm: 38th Infaxtrv k\ toon rwui Four Habkes, Kansas. t<> Xkw Mexico. Fort Cran;. N'kw MICXKO, flijiftwiti W, 1^67. Co.'.onki. : I have the honor to acknowled-w Mexico. Kould furtlier report that, on arriving at Fort Harker, Kansas, with the headquarters nd mm company of the 98kb , on the '27th of June, I found that, owing to the damage to the I'nion Pacific Railway by the WWII floods, no medicines tal stores had arrived for the command; and that, until their arrival H July N, the sick «1 ( omiiany "II. " then on duty headquarters of the regiment, were treated in the post hospital at Fort Harker, under the charge of liivv.-f Major and t Surgeon Sternberg. V. 8. A., in whose report of -iek and wounded for June. 1-liT. such cases M oec irred were embracd. Bmontiily report of sick and wounded for July. 18f7, (a copy of which is herewith enclosed.) was duly forwarded, and ade every etfort to promptly furnish all required reports while the command was <>n the marb, forwarding them from posts or mail stations. I am now engaged in preparing. tOti will forward as soon as possible, a detailed report of the late epidemic of cholera, as it occurred under my observation. I am, Colonel, very respect fully, your obedient servant E. McCLELLAN Axxi.itiint S,ii'i/itui. mill /ii-'i-it M'tjm-, I v / To Brevet Lieutenant Colonel J. C. McKee, Surgeon, ('. 8. .1 Chief Medkml <>$<¦< ,-. Dittriei tf Wi m Mexico I'oim ('ir.vici. Ni.w IfKXICO, \<>n ,tl»r 1. I -«! 7. ¦IBUt! Tn accordance with the requirement of Circular Order Xo. :!. War I>epartmenf. lorgiM GkBWmPl Otlice. dateh\>yi-d from camp to the post hospital, where he died early the next day. BW cases inaugurated the epidemic at Fort Harker; and I subsequently learned from ft report which Hospital Steward • abody, U.S.A., (who was on duty with Dr. McGill.) was kind enough to make for my inf: Mination, that the first MM lei Merriam's command occurred at I'liimb creek, their first camp, on the evening of the same day. Btlie 2Uth of June, Private Tony Powell, also of Company " H, 1 ' was attacked, and was sent to the post hospital, where se yielded to treatment. On the 30th, Private \V. Jackson, of the same company, was seized who the disease ; lie was also lospital, when? he (tied the next day. The removal of these men to hospital was necessitated by the non-arrival of my supplies, from the MflM cause as was stated in Dr. McGill's case. In the eump of the -55 — 1 1 1 Infantry the most rigid precautionary MMM were at once adopted. The MM were, as far an poiwi hie, debarred from communication with the post. The supply of water was obtained from a spring near the site of the abandoned Fort hilsworth, distant nearly two niili-s from Ilarker; and new cedar water-casks were procured for this purpose. >r each meal ; hospital tents were erected, and bunks were provided for the sick. Kuly Ist, five enlisted men w.-re attacked with cholera, although not. aggravated in its type ; and the same day six cases I but exhaustive diarrhd at that post in the preceding season, after fifty-nine cases of cholera and six hundred anil thirty-five cases of acute diarrhoea had bien treated in that garrison. 11. As, on June 22t\, a fatal case of sporadic cholera had occurred at that post while troops of the 38th Infantry were encamped in its vicinity. 111. As three detachments of the same regiment, also eti route for Harker, had been temporarily encamped near that poßt, and on ground which hail been used for camp purposes. IV. As the disease appeared at Harker, among the men of this regiment, within seven days of the case at Fort Itiley. V. As, about the same time, the quartermaster's department was removed from Kiley to Hark<-r, thus introducing a large number of employes, many of whom had been employed at the first-named post for a considerable period. On the other hand, it has been shown that the disease was developed simultaneously in three distinct localities : I. In the person of the herder of the beef contractor, who lived nearly two miles from the post. 11. Among the enlisted *nien in t:ie camp of the 38th Infantry. 111. In the command of Col. Merriam, at Plumb creek, some eighteen miles distant. ¦in, the events of the days following its appearance at Harker determined the following facts: I. That the disease mong the men of Mexican freight trains that had been loaded further east. 11. That the quartermaster's employes who t attacked, and who had the disease most severely, were not those brought from Fort Kiley, but those who had bwn 1 for some length of time at Harker. 111. That, at the inception of the epidemic, the citizens living in the vicinity of were found to be most liable to the disease. lior to the outbreak of the disease, the stations of both the Santa Fe and Smoky Hill sta^e routes were removed to the of the post. The cholera poison may have been deposited through these channels, but the inhabitants of these stations cenipt from the disease ; nor have I been able to learn of any cases having occurred on either of these routes until after ,-einent of the troops then at Harker. The working parties of the Union Pacific Kailway had reached the post, but, as far Ibe determined, no cases of sickness had occurred among them ; and I have lately lteen informed by * Jeneral W. W. . chief engineer of that route, who, in making an extended survey, was accompanied by a large corps of engineers as far post, (Fort Craig, New Mexico,) that he had been constantly ahead of the cholera, no sickness occurring among his men. Istly, some facts concerning the organization of the 18th Infantry may point to the mode of distribution. The enlistments mmenced in October, 1H66, and completed in June, 1887. The regiment was then 1.20(1 strong. The majority of the ¦groes) were enlisted in the Houthwest, and had served in volunteer organizations; the western and middle States furhe remainder of the quota. The material of which the regiment was composed was good, but the localities in which the number of enlistments were made had, during the season [.needing the regimental organization, been visited by epidemic , viz : Chicago, Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio : Louisville, Kentucky ; Nashville ami Memphis, Tennessee ; Yickslmrg and i. Mississippi ; Atlanta and Augusta, (»e<.rgia. Ise facts have been stated in detail, as all having a bearing upon the question ; but by far the most plausible theory can i from the fact aftba first case occurring near an oil slaughter -pen, which contained masses of filth, and in a miserable gout." The man had been sick two or more days before the attention of Dr. Perry had been called to his case, and i ensued within a few bourn of the first medical visit. I'ntil the diarrlxra and vomiting had become profus.. the patient • into the bushes near at hand to empty his bowels ; when they became mure frequent and invent, a bucket was used ;.h .tacle, and at the time of our visit it contained quite a considerable quantity ot rice- water di.-.-haivcs. Time enough bail elapsed for fermentation to have occurred, and for the cholera matter to be widely disseminated prior to the departure el Merriain's command. . . On the morning of July tOtfa the headquarters of the ;?Hth took the road for New Mexico, the command consisting of Companies "A" ud '• K." These companies had, until this date, composed a portion of the garrison of Fort Harker, and had BMB 43 constantly exposed to the epidemic, although both hud been comparatively free from the disease. Company "H." in which tin- dhaMi had nut reappeared, was retained at the post. Prior to starting, a must rigid inspection was made of the command, and in accordfcßM with •¦ arrangement which had previously baan made with Assistant Batgaai tktKWJkttg, I*. S. A., all suspi. ions cases were placed in camp, for either observation <>r treatment, so that the command started with an absolutely clear sick report. The hospital arrangements consisted of a fully equipped Autcnricth medical wagon, an extra supply of disinfectants, stimulant* and stores, and three ambulances. Dr. D. C. De Leon, formerly of the army, and who was en route to Albuquerque, New Mexico. accompanied the co nmand as my persona! truest, and subsequently rendered me valuable aid, although inclined to embrace all cases of intestinal disorder which occurred among those of pure cholera. B? command numbered as follows : Two hundred and twenty enlisted men, twelve officers, thirty-seven ladies, rbiMren vants. furtv-'oar quartermaster's employes, and was ioined. after crossing the Smoky Hill, by Col. Brown, (the sutler Sunnier, New Mexico,) with a family of ten persons ; makinir a total afflM persons The march of July 'Jlith was a distance of IS miles, over the usual Santa Fe road, to Plumb creek, on the west bank of which the camp was made, great care being taken to avoid ground which had been used for camp purposes, as all western bound trains, for s> -veral weeks past, had been aft'eeted with cholera. The water was good, and was procured from a spring one mile beyond the ford. No sickness of any character was developed during the day. Jily "Jlst. the command left camp at 5.30 a. m., marched M miles to Cow creek, and went into camp on its west bank at 1". Ha. m. Old camp grounds were avoided ; the water obtained from the stream was good. At 9 o'clock a. m., while o:i the march. Private John Hughes. Company "A.'' was suddenly seized with crampa of lower extremities and abdomen, accompanied with vomiting and purging, which rapidly assumed the rice-water character. This man. I subsequently learned, had been exposed to the disease as a nurse in the cholera tents at Fort Harker. The case proved amenable to treatment. Short] v after makirur camp, the disease, which we had hoped to escape, was suddenly developed among the enlisted men. Five well-marked - - f epidemic cholera, and four of cholerine, were admitted to hospital. The disease did not, however, assume a virulent type. My midnight the severity of the symptoms were relieved, none of the cases proving immediately fatal. Isolation of these . .t.-.-- \\a.« caried out as far as was practicable, and greater surveillance over the men was enforced. July 22d, the command left camp at sa. m. The sick were well provided for in the hospital ambulances and wagons which h -id 1 ii turned over by the commanding officer for that purpose. The march of 13 miles to Walnut creek was made by 10 a. m.. and the camp was formed on the east side of the creek, a mile from Fort Zarah. it being found (inadvisable to cross the stream, from the fact that. Zarah being a rendezvous, the ground, for a very considerable distance on its west bank, l.ad been used npeatedly for camp purposes. Puringthe day two cases, of epidemic cholera and one of cholerine were developed, but, as on the preceding day, without maliirnanant symptoms. July SM, at 3 o'clock, it was found impossible to ford the creek, as, since midnight, the stream had rapidly risen, and was then three feet higher than usual. The bridge below Zarah was examined, and pronounced unsafe to cross the train. The command remained, therefore, in camp during the day. Two new cases of cholera anil five of cholerine were admitted tor * lit. anil many of those who were considered as having passed into convalescence exhibited symptoms of increased disorder. Two cases of those attacked on the 21st terminated fatally. The disea.se. which had previously existed at Fort Zarah to some ext'-nt. but had subsided, was this day again developed, the first victim being Brevet Captain I. Helm, af the 3d Infantry, who died a few hours after the inception of the disease. July % <24th, the command was still detained in camp by the impossibility of crossing the creek. Eight cases of chokra and ¦ holerine were developed ; two cases terminated fatally durinir the night, one of which had been taken with the dist ane "ii • • day and the other on the Bi .1 ilv •J.'ith. tlie f'>rd bein_' Brand practicable, the command eNMJ Waluur creek, and for the first time on the march it m • . tl'pj) 1 tin- r :le M strongly PMMMMaisd by Pukes and leave th' liii" of nrirch. It Mag found that the luwer road, or that which f >Ho\vs closely the banks of the Arkansas, had been unused during the entire season, on account of the exiatiag Indian ItotMm, the coin'iiati litiL' o.'ficer determined upon taking it at all hazards. H,-f">re crossiri": the creek, a teamster of the -¦ •••'- d -ji irtrii'-nt was | iz.'d with cholera, and was removed by tin- wagonmaster to the post hospital. I have b.-en unabl- !¦ 1-arn the termii- ttion of th" MM Immediately on niakin^ the criwsini;. Private William Mitchell, of Company "A." I camp in apparent health, was seized with cholera, and it proved the <>n!y virulent or rapidly malignant M that occurred on the march, resisting all treatment; it proved fatal in four hours from its inception. A march of about fourteen miles brought the command to the Arkansas river. As had to en reported, the road was found . — no trails or MgM sfflMHßl to lie perceived. In addition u> the cases reported, five cases of cholera and fourteen of cholerine occurred, and one case, attacked the previous day, died early in the HMBg, July "ifith : the effect of remaining in camp was evidently so pernicious to the morale of the command, that it was decided t.. move camp each day. EfaaaMai to make only a few miles. Therefore, the command moved at 5.30 a. m.. crossing the Pawnee fork, marched abour \i mi es, and camped at "J p. m. on the river opposite Fort Lamed, bit »ix miles distant. Thr ascs occurred doting the day. and two deaths, one of whom was taken sick on the ->7)t\n the other on the -Jlst. In addition to these, Mr. Brown, whose presence with the command was before noticed, was taken sick with cholera; his case proved an aggravated it 'i.i- pool an unsuccessful effort was made to leave in the pwt hospital the convalescent cases, in order to afford better todatioriH to thotse seriously ill. I succeeded, however, in obtaining three larire wagons, in addition to kboM already in i w.i- then enabled to transport with comfort all the sick. l>iirin:_' the past few week* the days had been oppressi vely hot uii'l ftloM) but were followed by chilly nights and hi avj dewa. The damp heat of the earlier part of the day added greatly t.» the HJtif ¦ af tie march ; bit was evident on the succeeding ilavs. 44 ¦MM was ''"' servant ot Mr. Brown, the other a soldier who h;i on river bank at 1.30 p. in. Two MM of cluilcra and five of cholerine OMOmd during tin- day. and boOBTC lit two tmm of KMM attacked on the "25th died. July Mb, left camp at 5.50 a. in. ; marched about IS miles, and camped on river bank at 1.30 p. m. One rase of cholera occurred, and proved fatal within twelve hours; five OBOM of ebolerine also occiii :¦< d. .July 2'Jth, left a. which still Continued, lost its choleraic character. The treneral health of the bmHHmI was much improved, and the daily inarch averaged "JO miles. ¦ Saturday, August 10th. soon altar the arrival of the command at Fort Lyon, a sporadic case of cholera occurred in the of .Mis. Sweet, the wife of an officer of Company "A." The attack MM severe, but yielded readily to treatment, and 00 i she was fully convalescent. It is a matter of regret on my part that lam unable to forward a detailed report of individual cases.' This is now impossible for me to do, from the fact that my case book was lost or disappeared alter oroaoMMJ ibe Arkansas. I am. dtaftJbrOj compelled to form this report from such data as my private journal, the sick report, and prescription book afford. Afl before stated, a very marked difference in type was apparent between these cases and those of cholera which came under my observation during the preceding season. This difference existed in the mitigation of all. or the aboOMO of some, of the characteristic symptoms. In the cholerine cases, the attack commenced with profuse bilious discharges from both stomach and bow els, followed by ciainps, generally confined to the abdomen, and but rarely extending to the muscles of the extremeties ; a cold Miii'ace and depressed inspiration. At this point of the disease the majority of cases yielded to treatment, which coiisi>t.-d in the exhibition of blue mass in full doses, and in emptying the contents of the bowels with castor oil; the exhibition of chloroform, the preparations of mercury, camphor, opium, and iniinine. # # ¦a few of tbeM cases, the discharges could not be controlled, and, after the lapse of a few hours, lost the bilious tinge, whitish, containing shreds of epithelium, and ultimately became pure ric. '-water, with the development of other symptoms. In the cases of epidemic cholera which occurred, the prodromic diarrhoea was invariably feculent and bilious in its earlier .-fair---, and continued fr.om ten to twelve hours prior to the occurrence of severer symptoms. In UmM cases, with the exception oftboM of which special mention will be made hereafter, the severity of the symptoms were mitigated, and yielded readily to treatment, and the majority of the deaths occurred when the cholera symptoms had been relieved, but the d> pnesioa of the vital power* was mi great that no lasting reaction could be induced. In all puie rice-water discharges were observed, with clonic spasms of the muscles of the abdomen and extremities, cold, clammy surface, depression of respiration and circulation, partial eoppreaoloo: of the secretions, and semi-collapse. In the OMM that recovered, the profuse perspiration of the disease was wanting: th>thirst, although present, was not intense; but one case, that of Colonel Brown, presented the peculiar buskin, ss of the voice; and in but one, that of Mrs. Sweet, did the spasmodic '-ritation extend to the heart. No case in which the symptoms wen- fully developed, or in which the collapse became complete, r-eovered. These cases, six in BOBjher, urre 1 between the -24th and 89U) of July. In them the disease was virulently developed, defied all treatment, and terminated fatally within a few hours of its inception. ¦the treatment of the disease. M special line could be adopted; then-fore, no statistics of value could be obtained. Each s treated, as its exigencies demanded, with the means at hand. The morale of the troops depended so greatly upon the arch of the command, that tin wants of the sick were, in :: measure, disregarded in favor of the necessities of the well. At the onset of tlie disease, purgatives (castor oil or seidlitz powders) were employed in some case with marked n-ulis. The internal administration of chloroform, strong frictions with rubcfaci.iits. and sinapisms, were employed for the relief of tbe muscular spasms. Chloroform, i-reasote. sulphuric and nitric acids, muriated tincture of iron, and soda powdflfl were employed for the relief of vomiting. Cold water was allowed ad libitum. Calomel and i|uinine. in both la rue and small doses, were exhibited without success. The most favorable results were obtained from a modification of the saline treatment of Stevens, as follows: bicarbonate of soda. -JO grains, common salt and chl. irate of potas.-a. of each h a drachm : administered dissolved in water, at one dose, and r. pentad OVVrj half hour, in conjunction with hot saline injections. In the case of Colonel Brown, the most decided adv.v | ._• - Irani -aline aneOMtn, at 100° Fahrenheit, repeated every 90 minutes, were obtained by Dr. De Leon. In a few cases, it was ibonfbl that food resulted from small eiieineta of hot beef tea and brandy, administered after eac!i dejection. No advantage was derived from the employment of stimulants until reaction occurred, when vinous or alcoholic stimulants, combined with food, and both carefully administered, were of advantage. During eonvale.-e. me, which was tedious in most cases, the eeOMienal employment "I' iuc iv 1 1 rials and the acti\e exhibition of quinine, or MM other pieparntion of cinchona, was demanded. Daring ibi march the sanitary precautions which hail been adopted at Marker wan, M far as practicable, carried out. The hospital camp was pitched to the leeward, and at a distance from tlie command; the excreta were disinfected with carbolic acid and buried : tbodothUMJ Of patients who clied or became convalescent wa> burned: the a> ihiilai;ccs and wagons used in the- transportation of the- sic.% were frequent)? cleaned and carefully disinfected. Wbfle 00. the daily i larch, the OX< reta of patient* WON di-infected before Mag thrown away; •YeryanWl was" made to avoid ilknoMJimtiiaj Ibe dkeaot. To hospital attendant.- and driven of anibnlanaai hospital wagoaa, regale* anam of whiskey irerc mad.- ibeoa nwn, although nimeHntljr co duty, remained tree from tbe d - The di.-ea.-e WM COU fined almot entirely t.. the faluily of Colonel Brown and tbe euli-ted men of the command. But one ca.--occurred muni the imartiin N.« ofleor wm atteokad, ¦Htimgt all onfaieel Mart of mm daring the praTalenee of the dbaai • 45 from bilious disorders ; and but one case occurred amonjj the ladies and children accompanying the column. In the family of Colonel Brown, tliren canes of Asiatic cholera occurred, two proving rapidly fatal ; while the remaining members, seven in number, were all taken with cholerine at different stages of the journey. These persons were remarkably imprudent in tlieir diet, canned fruits, vegetables, and meats being used to great excels. The most persistent case of cholerine occurred in the |>erson of the Key. Mr. Vaux, post chaplain at Fort Sunnier, N. M. In this case the discharges were frequent, small, bilious in character, attended with tenesmus, exkaustion, cold clammy and bluish surface. The disease, resisting all treatment, continued for several days, and finally yielded to full doses of blue mass, camphor, and quinine. The exhibition of opium invariably aggravated the disorder. It was a noticeable fact, that while daily marches were made, even in the unvarying scenery of the Arkansas valley, the morale of the entire command was unaffected; but, on the other hand, one day of rest, or even the prospect of remaining twenty-four hours in camp, developed cases of choleraphobia. In conclusion, I desire to acknowledge the great assistance rendered me by Hospital Steward Charles Bowmer, U. S. A., who reported to me for duty at Fort Marker, Kansas, the day prior to the departure of the command. The training of Steward Bowmer, during the epidemic in Xew York harbor, prepared him for rendering most valuable and reliable assistance in carrying out the treatment adopted in individual I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. McCLELLAN, Assistant Suryeon, and Brevet Major, U. S. A. FORTS ZARAII AND LAKIVED. Extract from Monthly J'/port of Sick and Wounded, Fort Lamed, Kansas, July, 1867. John J. Marston, Arthif/ Assistant Surycdn, U. S. A. Epidemic cholera was brought to this post by two companies of the 38th U. S. Infantry, under command of Major Merriarn, en route to New Mexico, which arrived at this post on the 26 instant, having several cases of epidemic cholera along. On my learning that there was cholera in that command, I immediately reported the facts to the commanding officer of this post, and requested him not to allow that command to camp within two miles of the post; but the request was not complied with, and the command went into camp within 500 yards of this post, and remained there for forty-eight hours. The first cuhc occurred at this pn»t on the evening of the 6th instant. The characteristic symptoms of cholera asiatica were prominent and very violent, and the case proved fatal after an illness oftM hours. Two more cases occurred on the 10th and llth instants, one of which proved fatal in six hours ; the other case recovered. The above were the only cases that occurred amongst the troops of this post during the month. There were iilso some eight cases amongst the quartermaster's employes at this post, four of which [.roved fatal. The last case occurred on the 15th instant, and r-iiicr that time no case has been reported either amongst, the troops or employes of this post. There were also two fatal cases — one commissioned officer and one enlisted man — at Fort Zarah, which is a picket post thirty-five miles east of this point. Acting Assistant Surgern Ira Perry is on duty with the picket at that post. All public trains and detachments of troops passing have more or less cases of this disease ; but all cases from these infected commands, when brought to this post for treatment, are treated in a quarantine hospital two miles distant from the post. Numerous cases of diarrhoea have been prevailing at 1 1 , i ~ poi| during the month, but all cases yield readily to prompt treatment. On tin; appearance of the dinease at this post, every sanitary measure was adopted to prevent its further spreading. Sinks and all foul places were disinfected by unslaked lime and strong acids; lime was scattered abundantly about all the quarters, and a thorough police of the whole camp promptly and regularly enforced. Troops were instructed as to the importance of cleanliness, and tin- cooking closely watched; and all persons having diarrhuu were instructed to report promptly to the hospital for treatment. The treatment adopted during the attack was largi- doses ot'caloirn-1, injections of starch, strong tea, brandy, and acetate of lead, sinapisms, and frictions. As a drink, strong tea was used, ami the patient was allowed to suck ice. 1 may also report, an a sanitary measure, that the camp of the quartermaster's employes, which was in the port, was moved out half a mile distant. I'.slrart from Monthly J!> />nrt of S irk and fl'mi ml, >l \ CoWtftHtf ".i," lOtk ('. 8, i'aialrij, I'ort J.ant'd, f— Ml, Ainjnst, LOO 7. dett*§ dttUttmt Siirijiou ./. ./. Mnrstoji, U. S. A. One mm of epidemic cholera is reported at Fort Zarali on (lie -Jl.-t of this month. I'iivate (ieurge Kvans, Company ** II," IWth Infantry, ameinbei- of the escort party returning from tliis poll to Fort Marker, Kansas, was taken ,-ii k with active symptom*! uf epidemic cholera on the road on the MOtk of Ibk month, and died at the piokot . t . t Ft -t / I tl c '1-t r f tl is month 'itter an illness of 'W 1 < 46 Esh-.v't from Sprri.il li /><>rt on Cholera, !¦)»•( ZaraJi, Kantmj, fffftmler 1, I^)7. An},,/ AmhtmU ft»|W If l't-rrif, I. S. A. R.'atm.'iit of the within cases: If the case was mild, as a general remedy, used the chloroform mixture. If the case was used chloroform in draclnn AosM to control the active symptoms of tin- disease, particularly vomiting, purging, pain in n, cramps, sinking pulse, and cold extremities. Tor convalesence, used the tonic and nourishment. Other remedies: ,ays. when it was toheliad; niorpliia and calomel occasionally. External applications: mustard, lieat, and friction. : cold water, linseed tea, crust coffee; coffee and farina gruel. Food: in convales 'lice, beef tea. ciu>t noflbo, md bland ¦ML Remarks: Tlie cliolera mixture was us -fill in every Stage of the disease, especially the first. The dose of < hlorofrrni was. usually, one draclnn in lialf an ounce of cold water, agitated and (jiiickly swallowed. When H opSMBM kindly. the patitlit falls into a quit sleep in ten minutes. Repeal the dose when the violent symptom* return, or at intervals of thirty to sixty minutes, so long-as it operates favorably or i.s needed. If the stomach is full of anything, the chloroform usually acts as \ tpoedj emetic. In that BSM it should he repeated as soon as the vomiting ceases. It is seldom ejected the second time. If the ch!..roform fails to empty the stomach, and an emetic is needed, I have found remarkable benefit from salt and capsicum, not only to produce eniessis, but to hasten reaction. Personal vigilance was used in the care of these cases, especially in timiii" the Bttures above referred to: Cholera mixture: chloroform, tincture of opium, tincture of cumphor. of each one fluid ounce ; id spirits of lavender, one fluid drachm; brandy, three fluid ounces— mix. Dose: one fluid drachm, repeated every every six hours, as necessary. Diarrhu>a mixture: the same as the above without the chloroform. Tonic: aromatic c acid, one fluid drachm; sulphate of magnesia, one drachm ; water, four fluid ounces— mix. Dose : half a fluid ounce ireo to eight hours. Emelic: chloride of sodium, six drachms; powdered capsicum, one drachm; tepid water, abl -mix. Give at one dose, and repeat in half an hour if it does not operate. FORT DODGE, KANSAS. Po«T DODOK, Kansas, JmfySl, 1867. Silt: I have the honor to tender the following report Upon epidemic cholera, as developed at this post during the past month. The report runs up to the end of the month, at which time the disease still exists, but in a greatly abated form : On the afternoon of the 7th inst., a detachment of the 3Sth L\ ,S. Colored Troops, en route to New Mexico, under Krevet Colons] Mcrriam, reached this post, and went into camp about a mile from the post. I visited the detachment immediately upon its arrival, and was informed by the medical officer accompanying the troops, Hrevet Lieutenant Colonel Mcl Jill, As.-istaht Surgeon, U. S. A., that lie had had quite a number of cases of cholera in the command; and that, at that time, there mn a number of the men laboring under the disease. Not knowing of the existence of cholera anywhere in the west, I was much startled at the information, and at once returned to the garrison for the purpose of reporting the facts to the commanding officer. A line of sentinels was immediately established between the garrison and the camp, and "Very step possible taken to prevent ci.iniiiuiiication between the two points. Dr. Mc(«ill informed me that the disease had been entirely confined to the negro soldiers; though there was a large number of whites with the command, no one of them had DSUB attacked. The detachment remained at its camping ground over the Bth, leaving early OB the morning of the !)th. After its d-parture a large quantity of lime was sent down and scattered about the ground Dr. IfcGiU promised that, before leaving, the ground and the sinks should be disinfected. lut 10 o'clock p. m. of the 11th, I was called upon to go Dp and see a man, a government employe, living about three yards from the garrison. Upon reaching the house and examining the man. I recognized a full case of cholera. I Ml care in isolating this case, causing a mess for employes, kept in the house, to be at once broken up, and putting c in a strict quarantine. The house and premises I found very dirty. This was, of course, attended to at one.-, mi ul use of lime ordered. This man recovered, and no other case occurred at the house ;he was married, and ha-.l three On the 14th, another case occurred among the government employes. This man also recovered. Diarrhu-a began to be very frequent, both among soldiers and citizens, and proved dilli.-ult to treat. By far the greater number of cases existed aiuoiiir the citizens. I examined everything, particularly M to tlu'ir habits of living, cooking, drinkinir. qUftSfl, sinks, 4k*., giving positive instructions in regard to cleanliness, advising them as to drinking water. Ac. Considering the two OsffSJ mentioned, and the increase of diarrhu'ic affections, as but the advatuv guard of the dread disease, I redoubled my watchfulness in Ngard U) police of garrison, condition of wells, and everything that might iutluence the general health of the post. No trains were permitted to come into the post, a mounted man being stationed two or three miles troin the post with instructions to stop trains till I examined them in prison. ¦ the 14th, a train arrived ; had bad a case of cholera a day or two bif .re. but no sickness at the tiun'. It was ordered to camp three miles above the post. On the Kith, a train was reported approaching the post ; it proved to be a Mexican train en route to New Mexico. It was ordeivd to strike off from the main road, to make a detour of two miles around the post, and go into camp at least four miles • ¦ 47 On the 18fhj several trains were reported approaching loaded with supplies for this post; they were ordered into camp over :i mile from the peat Upon inspecting the trains, I found one case of cholera. The trains were ordered to unload at that point, nml the lumber and grain, with which they were loaded, to remain there (proper watchmen being put over it) until disinfected by cx |>0.-n ire. In spite of nil precaution.-, the fearful scourge came upon us. On the 21st. about 3 p. in., a man, I'rivatc Nolan, Company "A," 3d Infantry, one of the guard at the stone <]iiarry 15 miles distant, was brought in in a state of collapse; he had had diarrhoea for two or three days previous, and had Indulged largely in drinking water, which, as I learn, was full of impurities, anil strongly impregnated with Iron and sulphii". ( )n the night of th« 2<'th he was seized with cramps and vomiting; was better next morning, when h" was put into an army wagon and driven in to the garrison, over a rough road, wry rapidly, tie driver believing they were chased by Indians. On the; road his symptoms, increased greatly, anil on reaching the post he was in collapse. Chloroform was administered immediately, in one drachm doses, with stimulants; mustard was applied freely to all parts of the body; but he rapidly sunk, and died in less than three I the ttd, a case made its appearance in Company '"I," :57th U. S. Infantry — a weak, puny German boy, who had been at one of the Santa Fe mail stations up the road. On the 23d, three cases: another in Company "I, 1 ' one in Company le in Company "A,' 1 3d Infantry. The one in Company ''A died on the '24th ; the one in Company "I" recovered ; and ris now in a typhoid condition, and will die. On the 24th, no cases among the soldiers ; several among citizens. On , three cases reported: one of *'B" troop, 7th Cavalry, recovered ; one of "B" troop, 7th Cavalry, a patient in hospital me. died on the 26th ; one in Company ''I," 37th Infantry, died on the 26th. On the 26th, eight cases are reported: Major Henry Douglass, 'Ad Infantry, commanding post, was attacked early in the morning; one of "B'' troop, 7th Cavalry, prisoner in guard-house, convalescent : one of Company "A," 'Ad Infantry, prisoner in guard-house, returned to duty this morning; one of Company '* II," 3d Infantry, recovered; one of Company *' II." 'Ad Infantry, brought in from stone quarry guard, 15 miles distant, died in a few hours; this man hail been eating large quantities of wild cherries and plumbs; one of Company "I," 37th Infantry, returned to duty on 28th; one of Company '' I," 37th Infantry, died OH the 27th. B the 27 tli, two cases : one of Company " II,'" 3d Infantry, died same day; one of Company " I," 37th Infantry, brought in 1 from Cimaron crossing, Santa Fe mail station, 25 miles from post, died in collapse a few miiiutes after reaching post. July 28th. one in "13" troop, 7th Cavalry, nearly recovered. July 29th, one in Company "A," 3d Infantry, died same day. July 3d'th, one in Company "A," 3d Infantry, died same day. July 31st, no cases. B:>ng the citizen employes during this same time, (from 11th to 31st, inclusive.) twenty-six eases have occurred, with eaths. Two other cases, both fatal, occurred among other citizens (not employes) about the post. To sum up, from the V to the 31st. inclusive, number of cases, of soldiers and citizens, attacked with the disease, 41); recovered or convalescing, L 25. , 111 l U, ¦I di-eii-.- whs at its height on the 86th, when there wore eight soldiers attacked, and as many citizens. There were hs that day — three soldiers and three citizens. At this time a panic seized upon the citi/.en employes, thereby increasing sickness among them. Every attempt was made by tbini. and by pertain of the soldiers, to obtain whNkev. Severn! cases are directly traceable to a debraeh at this time. As a genera] thing, the soldiers were cheerful, but the employe.- were completely demoralized, with I few exceptions. Some of them i: .nl'- ;i demonstration upon the stock, with a view of getting away from the post; a few shots, however, among them, wounding mm of tiem dighUy, quickly garc tbem to iindeiotaiid that they were olooely watched, and no farther attempt! were nude. ¦the noraiag of the 96th Major Donglaaa, 3d Infantry, commanding poet, was attacked, lam happy to be able to aay resent be Menu in I fair w;iy to rec>ver. Mrs. DoqgUMi was attacked on the morning of the 89th, in the midst of her attention to her husband, and lies dangerously ill from the disease. Their infant often months is suffering from cholera i, but I believe it will recover. In treatment of < asi s M they occur, I do not confine myself to any particular course, but cannot say that I derive any great ili Lie of satisfaction from whatsoever I may try. In a majority of the threatening diarrhoeas I have used a mixture of tincture of opium, tincture of capsicum, fluid extract of ginger, tincture of camphor, tincture of catechu, with brandy ; sometimes adding enough chloroform to give five or ten drops at a dose. In many cases, judging by the tongue. I prescribed, with excellent ¦fleet, 2 grains of blue mass, with ,'. or 1 of I grain of powdered opium • 'very three hours. This had the effect of altering the character of the passages in a few hours ; sometimes the diarrhoea ceased entirely; when it did not, astringents, which seemed of no < fleet before, now aid d udmirab'y. In tin Otage of cramps, purging, and vomiting, I have placed my main rdfaoce upon chloroform, giving from 30 to 60 minims every half hour in ice water, sometimes in sherry wine ; free and bard frictions to sin face with turpentine; mustard plasters; injection! of sugar of lead and tannin after cadi pas-age; ice in pellets, the patient to be kept fVom drinking. 1 have but little confidence — none, I might say — in OpfattoO, in this Off the after stages. In MM cases oalenael Mtiafod inc. in others it did not. I gave it iii small doses. In the stage of collapse I have used everything I could think of: general application of mustard ; robbing with turpentine ; hot applications externally; internally, chloroform, in fill minim doses; ice; now and then (not frequently) a teaspoouful of iced brandy. In one case (thai of Kgau, in special cholera report) strychnia was tried, in ,', grain dooea, I'vcvy half hour, until three doses were taken. The man appeared at his -j>. but rallied, and came out of his collapse. The medicine gave no indication of had elicits, but the man again Hank into CwHapae and died. In the stage of reaction great watchfulness becomes necessary. The urinary organs demand special attention. In several of the cascH reported there wa- entire Happveaalon of urine for .-nine horns —in one or two cases, for one, two, or more (luvh — afler reaction came MB, To overcome this, I relied Upon chlorate of potassa in bug* doses internally, sweet spirits of nitre, 48 ¦;ietr'• CWmrf«Wi X & ¦'• Btwo deaths from cholera noted were attacked with cholera at th mail station West of the po.-t. while OB escort duty. Mb. I>ied before medical assistance could be obtained— the first in ten hours, the second in five fa s after attack. ¦case Of Cholera has occurred among the troops since August 19th, Two cases, citizens, were brought to the post August Co case has occurred here since then. 7 49 \VII>OVS CHECK, KANSAS. Extract from Monthly Report of Sick and Wonmhil, Comjiany "G," Wth U. S. Cavalry, Wilson's Creel, Kansas, July, 18(57. Actimj Assistant Smyion A. W, W ! .>/;/iii, V. S. A. I was assigned to duty with tins command July 2">th, in accordance with Special Ordei' No. 49, Headquarters District of the Upper Arkansas, dated July ince that time they have frequently changed camp, selecting dry, airy locations, in the vicinity of springs of water, not remaining more than three or four days in a place. Occasional cases of diarrhoea had come to the notice of the company commander, and were treated by him. from the time of leaving Harker, but did not present alarming features till about the 'iUth. From that time the disease manifested i'self with unusual violence. Kxcept so far as the disease is of purely epidemic origin, it seems to have been brought with the command from Fort Harker, where cholera had existed for weeks. Its violence was, no doubt aggravated by the water used for drinking; by lack of variety and inferior quality of the ration issued; by the carelessness and ignorance of the men, new to the service, and naturally more prone to disease of an epidemic type than white men. The water is of the same character as that generally found in this part of the country; flowing from superficial springs, along the banks of creeks, considerably charged with organic impurities, and liable to produce diarrhoea in those who are unaccustomed to its use. The men have been supplied with a very poor meat ration — fc't. rancid bacon — and no fresh vegetables. CAMP CKIEKKOX, KANSAS. Extract from the Monthly Wtpmri of S'u-k ami Wmmdtd, Company "('," KM ('. S. Cavalry, Little Arkansas, Kanms, July, l-« 7. Acting Assistant Surf/eon Win. 11. Ilnrkmasti r, I. S. A. The cholera first appeared in this camp on the 14th of July. It was supposed to be brought here by one of the ¦MMBgtn from Fort Harker, where it was prevailing. After a day or two it subsided, and again broke out. Two of the men that dh d only lived about four hours after being taken. No cases in camp at this date. Extract from the Sjn'-in/ li< j.ort of Clmh ra, I'ttlit ntx 7. Acting Asu'mtant Shtrpcom Wm. //. ftmtmmUm, U. 8. .1. The cholera first appeared in this camp on the !9th day of July, M>7, in the person of Qwtgl lirooinfield, a courier from this caiii| to Fort Marker, where the disi-use was prevailing very seriously. This patient was very low, and was at one time in collapse. His recovery was quite slow after convalescence was fully established. My treatment consisted in endeavoring to reli< -v- the vomitinir, purging, and cramps, which were very sewre; in the collapse I used stimulants and friction freely. The next case was that oi Thornton Hull, with whom I used similar treatment to the above. He seemed at one time to be convalescing, but had i nlofM and died. The case of Charles Murray was somewhat milder than the two former cases; the disease yielded ?«, the action of remedies employed, and made a good recovery. The case of Jeremiah Ansil was an unfavorable one; he was lakofiag under chronic rheumatism and pleurisy. The cases of Columbus Schloss and William Patterson were very severe, the former dying within an hour after the (H*MM showed itself; the latter was on guard and Ml on his beat. Collapse immediately set i,i, and the patient died within two hours after the disease appeared. The case of I> a vid DuM made a good recovery under the above treatment. Extract from social li< port of choit-m ftofaati 7. Contrary to the experience of other epideim. s. the disease continued very severe up to the laM case, which was as severe as any of the cases during its prevalence in this camp. In some cases i.iedicine seemed to have | very desirable effect; in other cases you could not see any effects from medicine. Thei ¦,• Uno danger of its breaking out in this camp ai.'ain this year, M the cold weather is now approaching. I used all the sanitary meariH at mv command to prevent its spread among the troops at this camp, hiiruin^ the clothes of the dea\v\i;irs STATION, KANSAS. i:.v escorts and detachments of troops, have been coiitinnally passing and repassing between the ahove-ii'itned post.-, encamping near this post, but seem to have had but little effect in spreading the contagion >r peculiar poison which produces this di.-c M, There have been cases, to which I have been called, occurring in fhoM trains, which, in some respects, simulated cholera, but which could not be said to be cholera. They were characterized by somewhat profuse diarrhoea, and in a few iafIOJMMOI by vomiting, which symptoms readily yielded to mild treatment. On August 7th, a large supply train for Fort Wallace, accompanied by an escort of about forty men of Company " B," 38th U. S. Infantry, from Fort Harker, where the cholera was then prevalent, encamped here. During the nifht a case of dinrrha-a occurred among them, which speedily recovered, by means of the usual remedies. On the evening of the 9th instant they arrived at Grinnell Springs, a station guarded by troops from this post. Soon after their arrival at Cirinnell Springs one of the men there was attacked by a profuse diarrhea and vomiting, which continued, at intervals, during the next day, when another similar case occurred. They were both sent to this post in the coach on the evening of the 10th, and arrived here about 10 o'clock. The one which was attacked the evening before was BOW in a collapsed state; the purging had nearly ceased ; the vomiting would only MM when medicine was administered; the skin was cold, and covered by a profuse;, cammy sweat; the pulse was barely perceptible ; the countenance bore an expression of anxiety anil suffering; the lips were drawn and compressed over the teeth ; the nose was pinched, and the eyes were sunken and expressionless ; presenting, altogether, a most cadaverous expression, with death undeniably stamped on every feature. The treatment consisted at first in the administration of equal parts of tincture of camphor, tincture of opium, tincture of capsicum, and brandy, which it. was impossible to retain on the stomach ; when resort was had to doses, each containing calomel, '.i grains, subcarhonate <>f bismuth. 4 grains, and powdered opium, 1 grain, every half hour. These were retained, and seemed to act beneficially. At the same time, friction, by means of coarse towels, was applied to the extremities, and mustard, by means of sinapisms, to the abdomen. The patient complained of great thirst, and there was great restlessness and jactation. Death ensued at 5 o'clock on the morning of August 11th, seven hours after arriving here. The other case w.is characterized by diarrhma and vomiting, such as generally mark a case of cholera, in its first stage. The vomiting was checked with bismuth, the diarrhoea yielded to the usual treatment, and the case recovered. There is no doubt, in my mind, that the arrival of the supply train, with the escort above referred to, was in some way connected with the appearance of these two cases. Ext run from Special Hcport of f'hohnt I'ntif-nt.i at I) trains between Forts Harker and Hays and Fort Wallace, at which places the disease was prevailing to a fearful extent, this place enjoyed a remarkable immunity from the disease, no cases taring made their ftpMMW , On the llth of August, a large supply train, going from Fort Harker to Fort Wallace, escorted by a detachment of Company " H," Mil U. B. Infantry, encamped at (Jrinnell Spring, a small staire station about twenty miles distant and guarded by troops fr this place. Some of the men of the station mingled with thOM of the :s-lh I. S. Infantry forming the escort. <>n the same evening a man guarding the station was taken sic k with all the M-inptnnis of cholera. On the fcOowing day. August 10th, he was sent to this place, in company with another who had I n taken sick that afternoon at the HUM station, for meilical treatment. They arrived here on the evening of August 11th, WBM the man who had been taken sick the day before was found to be in a state of collapse. Active and energetic treatment was aftOßtt pursued in his case, but all of no avail ; he died early on the BWmingof the l'ith. a few BOOV after arriving here. The s.-, ?•,,! MM, when it arrived here, was in Hi incipient stage; the patient was having five discharges from his bowels at short intervals, and occasional vomiting. Powders, containing calomel, opium, and subnitrute of bismuth, were administered every half liour; in addition to this, a mixture containing tincture of opium, spirits of camphor, and fluid extract of ginger, «M ihw administered ; tin- vomiting now ceased, and the patient began to recover. The treatment was continued during' the following day, and the p.:tieiit gradually improved. Diirin- this month thfl sanitary condition of the post was g 1. and every elt'ott was made to keep 1 1,,- post in a thoroughly dean condition. Passing trains were not allowd to encamp within a certain distance. Ihe water tor drinking was obtained Vioni a spring near the post, ami was comparatively pure, containing hut a small amount of LoiJMlll impurities. The men of this place lid not mingle with those of passing trains, in which it would be reported at times that there v. re MM of cholera. At (Jrinnell Spring, when- these- two oBM WOW I 111, these pi autions c.,,iM DO4 be enforced, as there was but a small detachment at that place, under the charge of a turn -conimi-Moned ..Hirer. From the DM* and history d these two cases, there is no doubt, in mv mind, that they were caused by infection derived from this detachment of troops from I o,t Marker, * here cholera was the., prevailing. During subsequent months no cases of cholera arrived at this post, or at any 51 DETACIIHKNT OF THE Till (AVALBY, M: VIC FORT WALLACE, KANSAS. lli:.\i)QrAi:Ti:i:.s 7th U.S. CaVALBY, in tiik Fii:u>, Afar for! Wallace, Kmmm, Swiytt, 1887. QeKEKAL: I have tlio lionor to inform you that cholera has made its appearance in this command. I was called, about 11 o'clock tliis day, to Mt Private Bye, Company "H, v 7tli Cavalry, wlioin I found lying under a tree near camp suffering terribly from cramps in the abdomen and legs, attended with incessant vomiting and purging of rice-water fluid, excessive prostration, cold and clammy skin, nose icy cold, pulse entirel y gone at the wrist, treneral cyanosis, pupils contracted, coma ; could be roused, but would immediately fall away into deep sleep ; mine suppressed, and features collapsed. I would respectfully add that choltni first presented itself near new Fort I lays. Kansas, about i p. m. July llth, H67, in the person of a citizen belonging to a citizen train which came from Salina, Kansas, with supplies for a trader Mil camp. The man was at least three-quarters of a mile from camp, and was not brought into or near it, although removed to a more suitable place than the one he occupied. A colored soldier was also taken with the disease the same night They both (soldier and citizen) died next morning. Our dttachlMßi of cavalry was some distance from the colored troops, (for the camp was lug*,) and communication between them, after the disease broke out in camp, did not exist. We left new Fort Hays. Kansas, about Ip. m., July l'Jth, up to which time DO symptoms of cholera had appeared among the men of the detacln icnt. The water at the first station west of Fort Hays is very bad, the drinking of which caused several cases of acut • diarilnea, but no symptoms ofebolaVß were; visible while on the march from Fort Hays to this camp, and the time occupied was seven days. That the disease was brought here, I am perfectly sati.-fied, for the men of the government and citizen trains at Fort Hays had constant intercourse with each Other; besides, MOM of the same men. belonging U) the government train at Poll Hays, came to this camp with property belonging to the 7th Cavalry at the same time that the detachment did. That the disease which has broken out at this camp is true Asiatic cholera, 1 have not the least doubt; and I am fully supported in my diagnosis by Dr. Coales, who is on duty with the regiment. I have the honor to be, Qeneral, very respectfully, your obedient servant. HENRY LJPHNCOTT, AttitUtnt Surgeon, U,B. .1. Brevet Major General J. K. B.VKXI.s. Sm-'jcon Uencrnl. HKADQUABTKRfI 7th V. 8. Cavalry, Df Tin: Fii:u>, .\'/. and as we left that post the next day about 1 o'clock p. in., and as we were on the road seven days without any signs of cholera arising, it was not considered necessary to go into quarantine alter OUT arrival at this cam]). Kvery elloi tis being made to arreot the progreei of the disease, and I hope I .-hall be able to make ¦ more fkvorabla report wm soon. I have the honor to be, General, vury respectfully, your obedient servant, HENRY LIPPINCOTT .lx.-i.shni/ Surgeon, U.S. A. Brevet Major General J. K. Haunts, Surgeon General. Hjcadquaki i.i.s 7 i ii F. s Cavalry, n thi Field, Afar /'"/•/ WaOmcs, Wimnt, II t/doek m.m., July 9l, lHt;7. Ol m:i:.W.: I have the honor to report that cholera is decreasinir in this camp, although we have had one new case and four deatha sinea mj lad report. All the ratal oases teemed to begin with death. Despite i-\ny efbrl to avert or prevail it, di-..-lattoß ivai bevitable, death enpervcuing in from <; to US boms. It will beeoen, bjramrrfngtoa/ hrmerreporta, thai I believed the dieease was brought here by human agency. I .-till adhere to the mum opinion, lint for the benefit of those who do not gtre eredeaee to the bnportatioii of cholera bon bfeeted points, I would reepeotftill; state that a part of the 7th Cavalry left Port Hajg, Kaaaaa, Jane l-t. 1807, on as expedition to the Platta river, and after narehing over eeven hundred miles, ¦objected to great exposure, eatmg bad and Ineufflcieni Eood, drinking impora and often ¦ to., limited toppl/ of water, arrived at this point .Inly 13th, 1867. The detachment of 7th I . B.Cavah7 and qaartermaeter'i train from fort Hays, Kansas, arrived here July l-th. 1-1.7. and a citizen train came in next day with Mipplics for the poet Cholera brokeOOt on tbeflSd, and was and still is oOttfincd to the aoMien and anplojte who were oa the expedition t., the Pbtte river. To Major Elliott, the present oonunandmgoffieer, miiei, < -i-edit !¦ due in ¦rreoting the progreai of the dieeaie. Hi.- promptness ia baying well.- dug, at my soggestion; making manj ady iaepeettoM eftha mea \ ransmg the gromda around the treUa and anarten to be kept dean ; sinks ti> be in-p- ¦•¦ted and Blled 52 up when required ; prohibiting the drinking of inter (as the men wen; accustomed to do in large qnantitfea) without bang boiled ; promptneM b pruomlug tents; Hid hie vigilance b vratohlng and eorreetiug .my lack of pereonal deeaHoeei in die men of the command, have produced favoraMe n'sults. To I >r. Coates, Acting Assistant Surgeon, I.S. A. .is due great praise; liis excellent mmmcl and constant assistance in eiideavoiinS. A., and Acting Hospital Steward Alexander liacgregor, who have hoth performed tlieir duties in a praise worthy manner. I h&Ve the honor to be, General, vevy respectfully, your obedient servant HBNBY LIPPINCOTT, \.<.<'i.iiini Surgeon, U. S. A. Ilrevet Major General J. K. Babkm, Surgeon General, - HEADQUABTKIti Tin V. B. Cay w.i:y, in I m: PIKLO, Near Fort Wallace, Kaneat, ./»/// :si, IHO7. ¦;nkhai.: I have die honor to report thai cholera is again on die increase. At 1 o'clock- a.m. on the '<;9th instant. Private as taken witli the disease, since which time we have had five more cases and three deaths. I beg to a-suie you that we are rerjthing in our power to arrest the progreei of thedieeaae. I have the honor to he, vei-y reepeotfullvj HENRY LIPPINCOTT, As*itt 'ni Surgeon, I', 5. ./. Brevet Major General J. K. BaBHM, Surfjcon (icn/rnf. I ..tract from Monthh/ J.'rpor/ of Sick and WtUU&td <>f CtmpmtJM ".I," " I>," " S, n 'If," "A," and v M," 7ff, I. S. Cavalry, Camp tttar Wtri WuUatt, Kohmb, part qf Jitlf, 1867. Henry Lippincott, Asnttant Suryeom, r. 8, .1. Cholcia |iatients are treated in isolated tents. The disease first appeared at this camp at 11 a. m., July KM, I^o7. J?esides the fourteen canes of the disease on the face of this report) there were two i thk 7th V. s. Cav.u.uy, in thi: Field, Near Fort Wallace, Auaiutt2, l J fi7. BN 1.UA1. : I have tlie honor to inform you that the progress of epidemic cholera has again heen arrested in this camp. none only have been attacked with the disease since my la^t report, (July 81, 1867,) and they were taken with it •id and 3d, respectively. One oftlie last cases died August -Ith. I take much pleasure in informing you that the sanitary n of the camp is, considering the epidemic, fast approaching that point which is so much desired. I have the honor to he, General, very respectfully, your ohcdieiit servant, HENRY LIITIXrn'IT iuittnni Surgeon, I . 8. A. liivvet Major General J. K. BiJUOta, Burgeon General, I 8. ./. Cam* <>r the 7th r. B. Cavalkt, in thk in i .i>. \,,,r Tori Wallace, AuamM 31, 1887. Gi:Nl.i:.\l.: I h..ve the honor to inform you that epidemic cholera has boN entirely arrested in this camp. Tbf \—i caee ÜBUUIUId August l?lli. since which time we have I D entirely free from the disease. I take much pha.-ure in M;;t health ©/ the eotmnand ie exoellenti and as the weather la becoming daily eookr, I am almost mrewewfll have no mere new CQMi of the disease. I have the honor to lie. General, very respectfully, your obedient servant HENRY LIPPINCOTT • Surgeon, I', ft .1. 53 /¦.'./¦/ r!i proper of the post, which has consisted of ( 'ouipanicH "F" anil "I, 1 ' 7th U. S. Cavalry, and " X," 3d ('. S. Infantry, •¦.nil of which had gone through the epidemic of cholera at Fort Kiley last year, and Company " D," 37th 11. S. Infantry, which hail been exposed at Little Kock, Arkansas, during the prevalence of the disease at that post last fall ; in all 33!) officers mid men. I!i sides the command, there wciv; l'2O citizens employed in the quartermaster's department at the post. With the exception of al», ut seventy anßated men who were quartered in the only barracks at the post, the whole command has occupied tents ;of MUM in the absence of all ¦hadfc Daring July several companies of the 7th U. .S. Cavalry, having dosed an arduous campaign, occupied several camps In this vicinity, none nearer than a mile from the post. Among them cholera prevailed and disappeared without infecting the post, intercourse lieitig restricted, but by no means prevented. All sanitary precautions practicable have been enforced throughout tli.- Haaon, attention having beM paid to diet, which has beafl good and well prepared, anil drink, as well as police and disinfections. The sale of beer and alcoholic drinks, never promiscuous, was early prohibited. A part of the water used at the peat has been obtained from the Smoky Hill river, which is a swift running stream of small size, with gravel bottom and well-defined banka, and. at this point, is forty-five feet below the level of the Muff on which the post is erected, and three hundred yards di.-'ant. The balance of the water has been obtained from a well between the post and river, but is of little better quality than the river water, both baring ben subjected to purification during times particularly" threatening. An extra issue of tea at one time afforded almost the exclusive drink of the command. I: occurrence of disordered bowels, which I noticed in my last monthly report, continued with increased frequency eritr, and the weather continued hot and dry, a.- the accompanying meteorological statement shows: The mean of the ieter during the first fifteen days of the month was 83.78° j the nie-in of the hygrometer was o&9S°j no rain having .ring thin ;<>iod. The average was deduced from observations made at 7a. m., and at V', oflicej- ;,,,(! men, Acting Assistant Surgeon Bradford, I.'. S. A., being on duty with them. The command is 54 Sewn days' inarcli from this poll they passed, without halting, I camp of colored tlOOpa, BBMOg whom cholera was prevailing, and this is supposed to bt the only contact, if contact that can bi calli <1, witli the disease to which the command WM subjected. On tin; Uth cholera wan reported, and, visiting the camp, I saw a iminlter ?f cases, and learned that the first ca.-e had occurred on the Htli, whicli had proved fatal. At this time the command was panic-stricken ; considerable excitement had also arisen in my own camp, which required constant attention to allay. Kvei ything required was placed at tin; disposal of the medical oflicr, including a quarantine hospital, of which I took charge on the morning of the 10th, and receive -I all the HMM tlien e^istin-. as well aw those which subsequently occurred. My records include nothing pertaining to the course of tin- Ibmm to that time, excepting tlie deaths of the first five men that appear on this report, who died in the camp hospital under charge of Dr. Bradford. The sixth cane upon the report was retained, without my knowledge and contrary to my wisl.es, with his family near the camp, whicli was moved on the Kith to a new locality, and frequently moved subsequently. Strict sanitary measures w.n-from this time enforced in the regiment. Of the nine cases reported as having occurred on the 10th, five wen; brought to the quarantine hospital early on the morning of that day, having been attacked the night previous; the remaining four eases were attacked and brought to the hospital during the day. Of the first five, I have recorded three deaths, two of which occurred on the 11th, and one on the 12th. TheM were brought to me in a state of collapse: only one of them mi atti -ndi d with any symptoms of improvement, which were as temporary as deceptive ; cramps in each were more p< -rsistent than either vomiting or purging, which almost ceased in each case, to lie followed by involuntary discharges ; in two cases, before death, suppression of urine pei M.-ted. Of the remaining two, neither was in complete collapse, though both were severely prostrated and presented the familiar symptoms of the disease;. Daring recovery cramps ceased before discharges, the patients recovering with a rapidity only lon surprising than satisfactory. Of the four cases which occurred during the 10th, there was one, apparently, not in an alarming .-tate. though the diagnostic dischargi s whicli existed were promptly followed by more violent cramps in the extremities and a more complete collapse; death took place on the 19th. One case of the four, similar to this, recovered, the same treatment being adopted in each case. The remaining two were slightly, though characteristically, marked. Bab—quit to the 10th, all the cases admitted, with one exception, assumed a comparatively slight form of the disease, though all were characteristic. From the loth to the 17th, no cases occurred, when private Fralin was brought to the hospital vomiting and purging, and evidently drunk, which state passed into cholera, of which he died on the 20th, having passed through all the stages of the disease. Of his case I saw hut little, as I was most of the time confined to my own bed by sickness. His. wants were attended mostly by my steward, David 15. Long, my only assistant, whose faithful performance of duties gives him much claim to my gratitude. In' connection with the treatment, I need hardly say that many remedies of reputed efficacy have been tried, but I have nothing to say in tin ir favor. Mercurials, are the only remedies from which I have learned to expect much, and to them I have resorted, early and late, in the diei ase. To give a purgative, with a mixture of chloroform and capsicum with brandy and opium, using subsequently calomel, lead and opium, in minute quantities, with injections of brandy, lead, and opium, as well as cold tea in connection with counter-irritants, was the; general plan of treatment, in the less severe cases, followed by recovery. One of three fatal cases referred to on the loth, w Ijicli seemed to have reacted somewhat, did so after having b«en treated with violent counter-irritants and heat to the; extremities and body. A solution of chloroform and camphor, witli the injections ahove mentioned, was made use of, a full dose of calomel having been fiist retained. I one serious case; occurred among the officers of the 6tfa I. S. Infantry, or their families — the case of Mrs. Colonel Uankhoin I saw on the morning of the 12th, suffering from a painless and not frequent dianha'a. which, though I was imi r-n 1, had existi d for several days. The course of her disease, to its fatal termination in forty hours, was painfully and Surprising. Her husband, under similar circumstances, had applied for treatment the day previous. Other similar line under my notice among the oliiceis. I the time of the arrival of the ."th Infantry :it this post, 'he physique of the men was goodj they had performed a long but had taken it quite leisurely, and wet* Well supplied with equipage. There was no scurvy among them. The caii.-c attack seems to have been an atmospheric one. It is probable that the violence with which the disease commenced WM ioinew hat to the dissipation with which the men celebrated their arrival at the post ; and that the panic which ensued was ive of cases, is, 1 think, as little to lie doubted. B| good effects attending the establishment of the quarantine were evident, while I do not think that any patient was I'd by removal to the choh ra hospital. The belief in the contagiousness of the disease was so imiwrstil among the lit they were anxious to see their fallen comrades isolated. None of the nurses employed in the case of the oholem were attacked by the disease. Previous to the outbreak of the di.»casc. I had been largely supplied with disinfectant.*, as all kinds. of supplies, and throughout its prevalence I had on haml everything required at the post or in its vicinity. Instant Burgeon LippioOOtt, my patient and guest at the post, convalescent from disease brought M by exee.-sive labetl the prevalence of cholera in his own command, (Ttli I. S. Cavalry.) kindly furnished assistance; but the little ¦trength 1 accrued to him was ,-oon exhausted, and he was subjected to a relapse which prostrated him for two weeks. The sth v has since been distributed as follows: Two companies went east, one to Foil Hays, and one to DoWMr'l Station, , The three remaining companies, having been assigned t > this post, are now sharing the duties of the garrison. ¦consideration of the continuance of the favorable change in the weather, and present sanitary condition of the command, lei' cholera to have pa-sed for the season, and will lie surprised if it again makes its appearance. A. ling Assistant .Sugreon I.rad'ord accompanied the first detachment of the 6th Infantry going Mat I im, General) very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. li. TUBNEB, AttiaUmt Auytea, U.S. A. Brer* Major General .1. K. bUbmks, Smrgto* Oentrai, 55 i >i I ii.i: isorii, aicka'xs \s. Extract from Monthly Rr port of Sick and H'onnded of Cowtpamtm "U" WMJ " //," 2Sth U. S. Infantry, /W Hunt/ nml lUiif, ,-y the mom, dated September 10, 18G7. A case having all the symptoms of choleiii was reported in July, hut there being a doubt as to its being genuine cholera. M r-peeial report was made. . I-'OKT SMITH, VICKWSAS. Post Hositi at., FOBT Smith, Aukansas, OefeMf 11, 18(57. S TR: I have the honor to submit a special report of the cholera as it occurred among the troops at this post, and of its first appearance among the citizens of Fort Smith. The first well-authenticated ease; occurred on the 28th of August, in the person ot Mr-. ISaldwin, a widow lady, who was taken Hick at 10 o'clock p. m., ami died in ten hours, at 8 o'clock a. in. of the 'i Sept-mb. r, IH6H. and a portion of the month of October, to an alarming extent, considering the imputation, and yet did not make its appearance at this j.ost. but sixn -five miles distant, as above stated, saw in the instances BMMMod, though communication by land and by the Arkansas river >v:is . -.instant and uninterrupted. This singular fact cannot be fthogother UCplftUMd bj t!i.- ]at< -ness of th.- HMOB, for tiv.st bad not yet set in. nor had the heat of MMMT MM OOOlod to any IBpndabk extent t.v the a.h aii.iiiL' autumn. I ran only solve the problem by Mipposim.' tliat tli.- c'loleraie virus in its westward march had not yet reached this limit. It may have !•<•:¦< bed it, and 0001 pTMtttl all the while, but the atniospb. lie <'..ndition and telluric emanations may not have been such as to favor its evolution and develop its potency. Whatever may be mr Tftfflllrttw — ill" subject, it did not prevail to Ml* MmMerable extent, though it w>u!:l be difficult to imagine more favoralile circumstance- hf it- prevalence. |fw« were to !><• visited at all by the aMMMj and the experience of the following summer (l^'JT) showed that we wire. During tlie last week of June. ]«67. MVOfoJ reports were brought to me by the natives of potMM heini: aMMd suddenly with cramping, BQlfjiag, and voinitiii^r. followed by death in from twenty four to forty-eight hours. It was not until July Ist that I bad an opportunity of seeim: one of tins- rejioite.l casts, in ||m person of a Cherokee Indian, which I unhe-itatin-l v pronounced cholera. He wan attacked at lit a. ni.. and died at 4p.m. of the same day. The rapid sj.reud and gnat mortality ..t' the disease MMag the Indians and BOgfMI in the immediate vicinity of the j.ost. many of whom I saw. convinced me of the MVNSMMI of tny diagnosis in this case. Thedisea.«e was confined almost exclusively to the native Indian and negro population, and civilians in the government employ, but chiefly to the former. DoaoJag :t superfluous, I will not enter into a detailed description of the symptoms in those cases which came under my care or observation, especially as lmt two enlisted men were attacked; but will merely state that the disease very speedily, after its first aj>pearance, assumed an unquestionably epidemic form of the more violent tyjie. the average duration of life in the fatal - | Ml OjnwdhhJ forty-eight hours from the onset of undoubted symptoms, of the disease. In many it was even less than twelve hours; and in two cases the jiatients died within six hours. It was impossible at the time, and has been since, to obtain MOmtO accounts of the number of cases of the disease, or the number of deaths, as Dr. I). I). Hitchcock, the only civil jiract it inner at the post, succumbed to the epidemic on the 17th day of July : and as many Indians and BOgNOO, especially of the former, had DO medical attendance, or treated each other with Indian remedies, which, so far as I could learn, ooaoiotod chiefly of oak bark and other indigenous vegetable astringents) The po.-t ijuui t-rmaster was directed to furnish coffins to all who might apply Jbr them, and he informs me that during the month of July, the period of the greatest j>revalenee of the epidemic. he»suj>]»lied seventy-five coffins. This number, though it may be taken ajijiroximately. would not embrace all, though probably the majority, a- it is the cust"in of some of the Indians in thh vi< inity to bury their dead in blankets, or ai best in rude boxes of their own construction. An estimate, made fro:, i al' reliable sources of information within my reach, of the number of deaths occurring from cholera at and in the immediate vicinity of this post, would probably reach sev.-ntv -five. Taking in the region of country that would be swept by a radius of fifteen milei* from Fort Gibson as a centre, the munber of deaths would j>robably be incr.a.-'d by fifty, making in all about one hundred and twenty-five deaths. The number of persons attacked by the disease I have nu reliable Mm of estimating, and will not th>refore venture an opinion. By far the larger proportion of those attacked were adults. In my limited upotioßM in the treatment of children. I met with far greater success than in the treatment of adults. The attack is not aj.t to fie M severe, lor the IWM that the former are not exjiosed to so many dejiressing influences, such as labor and exposure in ihe sun. and were not so comj>letely under the dominion of f>-ar. ¦riiiL' the month of July. Fort GMboon and vicinity «NTC visited by an unusual number of rains of unusual severity. It [. cable fact that these sto-ms WON generally unattended by thunder and lightning. Each fall of rain was followed BJ a >ni that seemed to light afresh the Miioldeiimr fires of the ejiidemic and trive it a new imjietus in its work of destruction. Th.- heat of July and of the preceding month was not unusual in |>oint of intensity; in fact, it was far MM intense than the he.it of the coi responding months of the prcdhdhg year. The extensive bottom lands in the immediate vicinity of the fort, which are Mbjool to annual overflows in the month of June, were not so coinjdettly submerged in the mouth of June. 1067, as in June. l"v>b". It is a fact. j)erhaps not unworthy of mention in MM connection, that the lands about Fort < iibson. as one of the fruits of the war, constitute one grand Golgotha. Thousands ..( mIIm <>f men and beasts, chiefly the former, were depo-ited therein during the war, few, if any, of whom were buried MN than three fe.-t below the surface, and probably the majority even less than that; and during' the prevalence of small-pox in the fall of 10111, MlwllUH Ml so imperfectly jterfoi mcd M scarcely to merit the name of burial. This fact, conjoined with that of the h.avv falls of rain in the summer of H')7, and the unusual dryness of the summer of l*6fi, may serve, in a measure, to BM*r ii|> the mystery of the unusual and uiiexj.ected s -verity of tho OpidoMJC in 18S7. The telluric emanations and exhalation* engendered by an unusually wet season, combined with favoring atmospheric conditions, n, a y MMMI Mf Mi dormancy of the choleraic virus in 18l!0. and for its uetivitv in 1-tiT. The nidus of the disease was in a MgN settlement less than oin'-fourth of I mile from the garrison. The s.ttleinent OOMMM Of huts of an average dimcn.-ion of Ml by fifteen f.-.-t. each hut DOMfag, on an average, six MBMj with M sinks or oiit- MM, with a ventilation which amounted to stagnation, the huts in many MMO adjoining, Mas to OOMtHatt rows. Host. th.-y w.i<- buni. • I'l II- I I'H t* *II i\ f•» ' * fl I ¦ I * tl I- < . 1( p.l 58 nun, exposure to the right air, extreme physical exhaustion, HMMM 0# fill kinds, the iepHmiag passions, chief among whie is fear — in snort, 1 1 1«* strict observance of, mid adherence to, all approved hygienic regulations — [ Ml no reason why chole should excite such unwonted fear and dread as it usually does. With reference to tli>- origin of the disease at this post, I thin there can he hut one opinion— that it sprang up here de novo; that it took up its Hm of march early in the summer of 1867 where it had left offin the fa!! of 1886. It was impossible to trace it to any MMUM of contagion. Cholera was not prevalent a the time at any point with which we were in communication, so far as I could tarn. The first case was a nativ ¦ MgrQ woman wl had not been away from the post. The period of prevalence of cholera here as an epidemic was from the 28th day of June t the Ist day of August, 1867. After the latter date but few cartes occurred, and those were tmmbia directly to some exciting caus in the behavior of the person attacked. Ka prevailed to a considerable extent among the following trilies in this Territory: Cherokee*, Creeks, Caddos, , Seminoles, Wichitan, Delaware*, and .Shawnces, hut I could not obtain data to justify more than a simple mention I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, V. B. HIBHARI), Ass'mlnnt Surrjeon, and Bttfti Mes, drank large quantifies of water, and died shortly afterwards. The treatment m ii..< -.-a rily more or less primitive, ihe -upplv of medicines being small and their variety limited. At the Commencement of the epidemic, where an indigested meal was supposed to act as a miiiicc of irritation, :m emetic was tried to remove the same, Bid to promote the arrested flow of bile. Tl,is practice, although in some cases succes.-ful, was abandoned when the number of patkajtl prevented clone watching. A large dose of calomel when constipation bad preceded, small doses when it had not, acted very beneficially in many cases. Absolute rest and horizontal position on the bsick were particularly insisted upon. Mustard poultices were used as long as the Mipply lasted, un.l.r proper indications. Morphia, opium, camphor, quinine, and mm iale of iron, WOPOadmintrtand with more or less success. A mixture of tincture of opium, extract of finger, and spirits of camphor, was is.-ned to reliable men in the companies, to be given instantly to any man taken with ilianhfia. It had a very beneficial effect. In the BWaad ataga, raMManai over the stomach ; heated tUmm, wrapped in blanket*, totbt abdomen ami extremities, relieved in many .BM the painful -pahin*. of the muscles. Internally, small do.-c- of calomel, with antacids, camphor, finger-, capsicum, and i|ui!iine, were ffaa aaeardfag |O indications ; as a beverage, small quantities of tea, brcadwater, and gumwater. In the third stage, little 60 II and morphia. No Utperfanenti could be made wtth OMtof oil, astringent), turpentine, chloroform, hypodermic injections, icr modes of treatment which have asqoJrad :i r.-]>ntat icm in tli<: treatment of cholera ; the rOMOM Ml ahoadj — mil fftj of nu'diciiiiH Wiis ;i large OOC ft* ordinary circuni .fauces, l» 1 1 1 entirely i n iirlcr { v.-it«- for tin- overw li- -lminy number.- to bf . Our original orden awrkd us only to Fort Gibson, :i nitlraad and rtifmhiWrt trip ofoolj nine d ivs through a civilized r. When at that place I received OTtUn to accompany the troops to Fort Arbuekle. I supplied myself as well M I could. Binay well be imagined with what difficulties the treatment bad to contend, when we eOMUw the want of p roper food and the inclemency of the weather, the insiifliciency of shelter, ami the depressing influence of the Hidden and fetal outbreak midst of the prairies. If the scientific notes on this, epidemic are incomplete, I b«g leave to plead the unexpected appearf the disease, involving, besides professional, ho niuch manual labor, and my own sickne.-s. ¦'inally. I take pleasure in commending Hospital Stewart Wilson for his untiring and successful efforts and devoted attendby which he contiibuted essentially to the recovery of many patients. I have the honor- to be, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, ALP. C. GIRAKD iM&tUmi Sur'ji'm, ('. S. ./. Brevet Major General •!. K. Hak.nks, Bmpton General. NEW YORK lIAKBOK. Four Columbus, X. Y. H., Amguttn, l*G7. QEMKBAL: I have the honor to rej>ort tliat Recruit Lewis Vasser, Company " L,'' died to-day at 2.1"> p. m. of cholera. He was admitted to hospital this morning at 7.20 in incipient collapse. He was given 90 grains of calomel, which was repeated at 8 and again at i). He had three profuse watery evacuations after his admission to hospital, which, however, were not thepnrs characteristic rice-water discharges. Ile had DO further passage from tlie bowels till one about Ip. m., which was involuntary. Xo vomiting after the last dose of calomel. His cramps were not severe, and when I left him to attend the session of the medical board at 10 a. m., I thought that his case was not hopeless, though the collapse was quite profound, pulsr extii;ct. and voice almo-t inaudible. He came with a detachment of 60 recruits, direct from St. Louis, which arrived at this post at ."> p. m. yesterday. He had lived for some time in Alton, Illinois, and for a short time before his enlistment in St. Louis. He had diarrhoea for two days preceding his arrival here. He left St. Louis on Sunday at 4p. in. One man of the same detachment was taken sick on the cars en route, with cramps, vomiting, and dianhoa. at 7 a. in. on Monday, and died at 19 in. the same day. liave had the whole detachment carefully inspected, and find that only two of the whole number have diarrlnea ; they imediately taken into hospital and put under treatment, and the whole number isolated from the rest of the command, nc-ndatioiis have been made, through the commanding offloer of the post. Jo the superintendent of the general recruiting to stop the importation fortbepreatnl Ofreornhl from that section. Should any further cases occur, the HH|Ulrsd report! promptly made. y,. r y respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH B. BKOWX, Surgeon, and llnnt Bt'iyuditr QeiunU, /.>'../ Hn-vet Miijor General J. K. Hahnks, Smrgtt* Umrrut. DEPOT Hospital, Fort Coi.t mists, X. Y. H., fk/Umhtr :?". 1867. Gi;\r.i! v.: I have the honor to transmit herewith a special report of cholera patients for the month of September: I have been able to learn some additional particulars relative to the introduction of cholera here this MMoaj M well as MMM facts confirmatory of the views expressed by me in previous reports in regard to i;s importation in all cases by recruits collected in our large cities. The first case occurred this summer on the "Jlst of August, as previously reported, in the ponon of K'ecruit Louis Yasser, who arrived at this post the evening previous with a detachment of recruits direct from St. Louis. Mo. One man had died en route, after a short illness, with symptom* similar to cholera. 1 have since learned that hVcruit VtmtT, with another recruit, was in personal attendance upon the sick man. The other recruit went to Bodloe*! island, and is regarded bj Lieutenant ( 'olonel Randolph, post Surgeon at Fort Wood. M the individual who introduced the disease at that post, he having boM attacked by cholera Shorty after hi* arrival there. No additional cases occurred at this post until the MM of Au-iist. an interval of ton days, when, as previously reported, ten new cases were admitted to hospital, four of these cases UOUU'liag among men of a freefe detachment of recruits received here on the ti-^th of August, three days previous. One of these men OJUM from Philadelphia, two from .Jersey city, and one from New York city. Four others of the ten were rejected recruits who had been OH this intend respectively, one month, twelve diys, two weeks and three weeks, but in daily ai.d nL'litly contact with all newly arriving recruits in the castle. The remaining two cases of these ten were prisoners under confinement in tin castle. The facts relative to the cases occurring during the present month appear in the accompanying special report. It will be xeen that six only of these cases have occurred in persons who WON not recent arrivals at this depot. I lie treat nt followed I I -• . •! .I I •' ,r tl 'ii'dei ie of !• t veir 'md our idditionil experience IOOnM to coiilirin the tuperiot 61 efficacy of tli*' bum dflBM of uncombined calomel over the reported results of the other modes of treatment recognized or recommended. There have hern <|iiite as many instances of recovery from collapse this year in proportion to the number of cases ;is the last, though the percentage of complete recovery is not so great ax that reported last summer. I attribute the increased mortality this year, with perfect justice. I think, to the character of the patients attacked, a large proportion of them being recruits* previously rejected for physical disability, and recently enlisted veteran reserve corps men, neither of which classes have sufhYient vital force to recuperate from the terrible effects of such a disease, even after it has been completely checked. There have been two cases of death, apparently from urirmia, after complete reaction from the collapse of cholera; and one, as proved by an autopsy, from sudden invasion, alter commencing convalescence from cholera, of. capillary bronchitis. I can give no satisfactory explanation of the action of the large 'loses of calomel in relieving cholera. Perhaps as plausible a theory as any, is one which I have for some time entertained, that the calomel, from the absence of acid in the stomach in cholera, passes nearly unchanged into the intestinal canal and acts locally and mechanically as a remedial agent upon its mucus surfaces, denuded as they are known to be of epitheltum. It is a well-known fact that dry calomel, applied to a chafed or abraded surface externally, will stop the exudation of serum and promote cicatrization more rapidly than any other known dressing. That the calomel passes through the stomach and intestines chemically unchanged seems to be also proven from the entire absence, in nearly all of these cases, of the constitutional effects, salivation, etc., known in ordinary cases to follow the use of mercurials. In all of the cases, both last year and this, salivation has only occurred in three or four instances, and in those in so slight a degree as to occasion no inconvenience and scarcely to require attention. A certain and invariable result of the exhibition of large doses of calomel in cholera is its immediate and powerful sedation. Vomiting is almost certainly stopped by one or two doses, and the patient remains in a state of immunity from suffering, except from thirst, as complete as could be effected by any safe hypodermic infection of morphia. My treatment of cholera and the preceding diarrhoea may be summed up briefly as follows : • For the diarrhoea, drachm doses, frequently repeated, of paregoric and aromatic spirits of ammonia, mixed in equal volumes, with rest in a horizontal position. Squibb's mixture we have found develops dysentery, though, for the moral effect in a frightened subject, nothing can be better than a single dose of Squibb's mixture, which the panic-stricken patient knows is taking hold of his complaint, for he can feel it. The paregoric and aromatic spirits of ammonia will sullice for nearly all cases of diarrhoea ; but should thf. case progress to, or be admitted with, rice- water evacuations, vomiting, etc., the characteristic symptoms of cholera, thirty grains of calomel, dry, are placed upon the patient's tongue, which is always sufficiently moist to enable him to swallow it without difficulty. If one dose does not stop the vomiting, it is to be repeated within a few minutes. The next dose is exhibited in thirty or forty minutes, and within the succeeding two or three hours one or two similar doses should be given. No other remedies are used, except friction to the cramped limbs, or firm grasping by the nurse's hands of the contracted muscles. Mustard paste, as soon as the struggles of the patient will allow it to remain in place, is also locally applied. Under the sedative powers of the calomel the patient soon becomes quiet, complaining of nothing but thirst. .Small pieces of ice relieve this thirst as well as pints of water, and I have also invariably found that free draughts of water renew the whole, train of symptoms; in fact, oeOMton a complete relapse of vomiting and purging, even in a convalescent. After the patient is quiet, all remedies are suspended; he is occasionally supplied with a morsel of ice, cheering words are addressed to him, and sooner or later, in more than two-thirds of the cases treated here, reaction commences and progresses, if the patient were young and vigorous before the attack, to convalescence and recovery. The most intractable sequela) we have had to contend with -have been the effects of unnmic poii-oning and dysentery. Autopsies have been made here, by Assistant Surgeon W. C. Minor, of several fatal cases of dysentery following recovery from cholera, the invariable lesion appearing to be active inflammation and swelling of the solitary and agminated glands of theileum, with great injection of the points of the solitary glands. The autopsies were made soon after d( ath. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH 15. HROWN, Snri/ion, and Brevet Briy. (len/, U. S. A. IJrcvet Major General J. K. JJakxks, Burgeon Qunrmt, Proceedings of a board convened at Governor's island, New York harbor, by virtue of the following order: si-i « i w Qmmum f 1 1 i:a ix^i aktkhs Gk\i:i:ai. Rkcimitim; .Skrvick, U. S. A., No. i?r,. { X. fii , viz: Iscv«t BrffllHoi General 11. i). Wallen, I'.S A., commanding depot; Brevet. Brigtdior GcMml Jos. 15. Mrown, loqpOß, T.S.A.; Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Kdw. P. Vollurn, Surgeon, I.S. A.; Brevet Lieutenant Colonel .John V. Randolph. tmgmm, ¦ '. S. A. ; Brevet Captain \V. C. Minor, AsH^tanf Surgeon, I,'. S. A. The board will, after considering and informing themselves concerning the recent cases of cholera on Governor's island, and the present condition of the public health in New York, Brooklyn, and vicinity, also at lift depot, report such regulation* with T'i!.\rt\ to quarantine and other measures as they may consider MOMMIJ to prevent an increase of cholera at the depot, or its 62 ¦> MEW TORS HARBOR. 63 (tropw to renew recruiting in New York city and vicinity. Tin- board will meet twfai Mfll week, oroftener at their fli^f-r.-tioTi until all daagW of ehokn DM fmmi, and consider the state of health at KM d-pots mi in the vicinity, and make such r. <•-?,, mediations from ti to tin..- as *»J may deem proper and miHIWMJ for the health of the |Mnl and sul,-,b-pot.s and recruiting Bs in the city. IV junior officer will act M IWOrfcr. The records of each meeting will he sent to thi.s oflice. f order of Brevet Major General BU'I'J'BBTOELn ! I.', (i. LAV, Brn-rt T.i-iiti-nnnt Colowl, and A. A. Adjutant C< „¦ nil . Fobx Columbus, Ni:\\ Yobi Habbob, ¦l . ,„., s,j,t, „ opinion of this hoard, since the city is therein reported as sufficiently infected, in the opinion of the board, to forbid the of recruiting. The board are still of opinion that recruiting at all stations from which recruits have heen sent to New rhor should he suspended until all danger of cholera is past. The board recommend that all beddintr and clothing soiled nts, or that may in any way be infected by them, be destroyed by lire. The board recommended that Special Orders of September 9th, from Headquarters General Kecruiting Station, be extended to Bedloe's and David's islands. The board then adjourned till Friday at 11 a.m. 11. D. WALLEN, Brevet Brit/adv r (inifrnl, I. S. A., IVmUmI. W. C. MlNoi:, Breed Captain and Assistant Surgeon, ['. S, I Recorder, Four Columbus, BTbw Yobs Babbob, Aqrimfar 13> l^c Fourth day: The board met pursuant to adjournment. Present: All the memheis. Nu cases of cholera have occurred at liedloe's or Governor's island since the last meeting of the hoard. Biiiimuiiication, referred by General Buttcrh'eld, from the New York Board of Health of September U'th. was read, declaring nuance of Asiatic cho'era in New York city, and the board advise the continuance of their previous recommendation in regard to the suspension of recruiting. The board then adjourned till Tuesday next at 11 a. in. If. D. WALLEM lirrr.t BiiffmdUr Qnmwt, r.s.A., PrmUnt 8, I Fort Columbia, Nkw York Harbor, September 17, IMG7. Fifth day: The hoard met pursuant to adjournment. Present: All the members. I The health of Governor's island is reported as on the gain, no eases of cholera having occurred since the last session, and number of diarrhoea cases having decreased. The health of Bedloe's island is not so good, two or three suspicious <-:isc s ing occurred there, though none as yet fatal. A communication from General Hutterfield was received, requesting this hoard to put itself in communication with Dr. Hards, and enclosing a letter of Dr. Harris, of date September VMh, relative to the appearance of cholera in the west and in the city. The board acknowledges the receipt of this paper, and will be happy to receive any communications from Dr. Harris ihat General Hutterfield may see fit to communicate. tit was officially brought to the notice of this board, in an endorsement from General Buttertield's office, of date September , that recruiting officers are ordered to continue recruiting for bands in the city, and that these recruits are sent to David's id. The board consider that there is the same danger from their enlistment as from that of any other class of recruits, and mmend that it be stopped. tThe board recommend thr.t the previous recommendations of this board relative to enlistments be continued in force for ii days from this date. The board then adjourned till Friday at 11 a. m. 11. D. WALLEN Jirerrt Brigadier General, U. S. A., Premie at. W. C. Minor, Brevet Captain and Assistant Sunjeon, V s. A., Recorder. Fort Columbus, Nkw You Bassos, Bep4twtitr9o, lBo7. Sixth day : The board met pursuant to adjournment. Present : All the members. Governor's Island is reported as still free from cholera. No new cases have occurred at Bedloe's island since the last meeting of the board. In view of remonstrances from the Engineer Department, officially laid before the board, relative to the burning of offal accumulated by the tides on Governor's island, the board urgently noomßMod tin? completion of the sea wall, to prevent itB lodirment on the shore, and strongly recommend its destruction by fire, in the meantime, as the only complete and thorough method of preventing infection, which might otherwise arise fiom it. Ilt is also strongly recommended by the board that Caßtle Williams be discontinued as a ba; racks for recruits and nicu, and permanent barracks, sufficient to accommodate from MOO to .r>oo. r >00 men, be erected without delay. It is the opinion of the medical •is that the castle is not suitable for barrack;-), being damp and cold, giving rise to rheumatism and dysentery ; and the •ds of the post show that, for a succession of years, infectious diseases have commenced among the recruits occupying Caatle iams. The board then adjourned till Tuesday next at 11 a. m. H. D. WALLEN, Brevet BrUjadier General, U. S. A., President. W. C. Minor, Brevet Captain and Assistant Sunjeon, U. S. A., Recorder. Four Coumstm, Nkw York Harbor, September 24, 1867. Seventh day: The board met pursuant to adjournment. Present : All the members. No cases of cholera have occurred since the last meeting of the board, at either Governor's or Bedloe's island. In reply to an inquiry from the Superintendent General Recruiting Service, of date September 17th, relative to the removal of the veteran reserve corps, it is the opinion of the board that they may be removed from Governor's island to posts on the northern lakes without any danger of spreading the cholera. As only seven days have elapsed since the last case of cholera at Bedloe's island, it is not considered sate to send recruits from that point as yet. The board then adjourned till Friday next at 11 a. m. 11. D. WALLEN, Brevet Brigadier General, I. S. A., President. W. C. Minor, Brta-.t Cnj,/,/;,, mtd AmitUmi Saryeon, U. S. A., Recorder, Fort Commhts, Nkw York Harbor, SeptemLer 27, M>7. X Eighth day: The board met pursuant to adjournment. Present: Brevet Brigadier Gen.-al 11. D. Wallen, I. S A.; Brevet tenant Colo nel E. P. Volluui, Surgeon, I,'. S. A.; Brevet Lieutenant Colonel .J. F. Ka.idolph, Surgeon, 11. S. A.; Brevet uin W. C. Minor, Assistant Surgeon, I. S. A. ¦No ca>es of cholera have occurred at Governor's island since the last meeting. One case only lias occurred at Bedloc'* d, hut not fetal. Special Orders No. 190, from Headquarters General JJ,., -ruiting Service, ['. S. A., of date September '7. ¦Mill day: Tlm board naal nqranant to adjonmmaat. Present: BrerM Brigadier GeaeraJ H. I). WaOon, I'. s. A.; Brevet hrOaaaralJ. B. Brown, Surfr U. S. A.; Fnrnit T iratwnt foiuml J. T. Randolph, Burgeon, I. S. A.; Bravet Captain Minor, Aaatatani Batgaon, v. S. A. Abaant: Bravel fihwttnant Colonel E. P. Vollum, Surgeon, i;. s. a. Than baing a quorum preaant) the board prooaedad to hnrinoae No cases of cholera have occurred at either Governor's Of Hedloe's island since the last session of the board. The last case of cholera at IJedloe's island occurred sevei-' days iilto. ¦communication from the General Superintendent Recruiting Service, of date September 30th, was had before the board, Bg whether recruits cannot he received at the general service depot. The board is of the opinion that they should not be received ban for at least ten days. Be records of the hospital show that cholera was reintroduced at Governor's island with the premature renewal of recruiting r. Three deaths from cholera occurred M late as the (sth of October, ISOftj MBOBg recruits revived at tin- deptrf the last ember. The board then adjourned till Friday next at 11 a. m 11. D. WALLEN, JJrcvct lirhjadii r General, U. A A., President. W. 0. IfOrOU, lire ret Captain and Assistant Surycon, U. S. A., Recorder. Fort COUJMBUS, Nkw Yoi:k HaIBOB, October 4, 1807. Tenth day: The board met pursuant to adjournment. Present : All the members. No cases of cholera have occurred at Governor's or Hedloe's island since the last session of the board. B reply to an inquiry from the General Superintendent of the General Recruiting Service, in regard to sending troops away •vernor's and David's islands, the board are of opinion that they may be sent without any danger of spreading cholera ;se points. Tin; board recommend that intercourse with the city from Governor's island be allowed to enlisted men, at retion of the commanding officer. No further business being before the board, it was adjourned till Tuesday next at 11 a. m H D. WALLEN, Brevet Jir'ujadkr (lenernl, U.S.A., I'ns'iacnt. W. 0. Minor, lir^ret GepaaJa tmdAmi&tmti Surgeon, U.S. A., Recorder Fort COLUMBUS, Nkw York Harhor, October G, 1807. Eleventh day : The board met pursuant to special instructions from Headquarters General Recruiting Service, of date October 4th, for the purpose of considering certain orders and circulars submitted to the board. Present : All the members. The health of Governor's and Bedloe'l islands remains as at last session. Relative to the removal of quarantine from Governor's island, the board are still of the opinion expressed in their session of October 4th, unrestricted intercourse with the city being still undesirable. ¦regard to the renewal of recruiting on October 9th, the board are of opinion that, inasmuch as three deaths from cholera I here as late as the 9th of October, lrWi, and as deaths from cholera have occurred in New.York city as late a- Saturday, fjth, of the last week, the board are of opinion that recruitiiii: should not be renewed till the 15th of this month. ¦c board are further of the opinion that neither recruits nor prisoners should be sent to Governor's island till after the 16a> month. No further business being before tin- board, it was adjourned to Friday next at 11 a. m., unless sooner convened 11. D. WALLEN, lirrvct BriguHtr Qmtrmt, U, *¦ A., PrmUtnt, W. ('. Minoi:, llrint Captain and Attttlmti dmrge**, I s. 1., Ilrrorder Fort COLUMBUS, Nkw York Harbor, Oatale? 11. lrW. Twelfth day : The board met pursuant to adjournment. Present : All the members. The health of Governor's and ISedloe's islands remains as at last session. B spouse to the Inquiry from Qaadqoartan General Recruiting Station, New York city, of date October Hth. l-i". !l' Of opinion that recruits may be sent away at once from Hedloe's island, ai:d that it will be safe to send others there 16U) Of October. ¦ board also recommend that unrestricted intercourse be permitted between the city :md Governor's island, and after the h Bedloe'l island. B danger from cholera having passed, in the opinion of the bond, and there being no Anther business before them, the journed ninr (faeVrr GemnU, U. 8. ./.. rVajWaaa \V. ('. iMi.Noi:. lii-ini < 'iiftiiiit aad i ateJaad flawycaMj l a i 9 65 Foist Wood, N. Y. H., October I, 1807. Bknkral : I have the honor herewith to forward a monthly report of nick and wounded at this pont for September, and al report of cholera cases tor the fame period : ¦n the 12th of September I reported the first fatal case of cholera through the chief medical officer, New York city, but to mention three cases which previously occurred bearing every resemblance to cholera, as will be observed in I lie report of cases. The iirst — William Harden — was admitted August 86th. He arrived at Governor's island on the 22<1 from St. Louis, Missouri. On his way east, assisted by another recruit, he waited upon a man who died with cholera and was buried on the way. The assistant, the day after their arrival at Governor's island, was taken with symptoms of cholera and died in a few hours. This was the first case of cholera reported on that island. The place was at once quarantined. On the 21th, however, quarantine restrictions were removed, and one hundred and forty-four recruits were sent over to this post for distribution, recruit Harden among them. Two days afterwards all of the detachment, except ten o>' fifteen men, were sent to posts in New England, and the officer who accompanied them informs me that a St. Louis recruit, destined for Portsmouth, I think, was taken violently ill at Boston with symptoms resembling cholera. Bfact shown by the history of Harden makes it very clearly appear that cholera, this season, was first introduced at r's island, and here through that post, by St. Louis recruits; and it is unfortunate that more time did not elapse after •rence of the first case before recruits were allowed to depart. The infection had evidently taken root, as shown by the c and in Boston ; and if their destination had been to a less favorable latitude, the consequences might have been different. Bre was no cholera on this island last summer, and since early spring a constant "quarantine of observation" lias been c whole island thoroughly policed daily, and disinfectants abundantly used; no possible local cause of disease has cxi.-ted. Brge number of diarrhoea cases are reported, but many were of but little consequence. As soon, however, as cholera was suspected, the mildest cases were observed closely; and I found that when a man was put to bed in time and rest required, the disease succumbed to simple remedies. ¦the more serious cases the suhcarhonate of bismuth seemed to act better than anything else tried in checking vomiting, >rodyne mixture relieved cramps very promptly in some instances. The majority of cases of diarrhoea were controlled de chalk mixture, combined, in the more urgent cases, with laudanum ami tincture of catechu. In treating cholera, I should not hesitate to use large doses of calomel, from twenty to thirty grains, placed dry on the tongue, to be washed down by the saliva, and repeated in the course of an hour or so, if necessary. It seems to relieve cramps and vonjiting sooner and more effectually than anything else tried, and no unpleasant effects were observed from the peculiar action of the drug. This treatment I was induced to try from the experience of Surgeon Brown, post Surgeon, Governor's island, who has obtained better results from it than any other during several epidemics lit; has witnessed and in a large number of cases. ¦restore the action of the kidneys, which seem to lose their functions so completely in this disease, I found excellent from a combination of acetate of potash and sweet spirits of nitre — 10 grains of the former to 1 a fluid drachm of the iven every hour. From the fifth to the seventh dose generally produced free diuresis. King the month Acting Assistant Surgeon H. C. Yarrow, U. 8. A., has been on the island — his duties in Brooklyn having pended by the discontinuance of recruiting — and lie has rendered me valuable assistance in looking after the general condition of tin- post, visiting the sick at all hours, ami constantly exhibiting a. mo*t commendable zeal. Very respectfully, your obedient servant J. F. RANDOLPH, Sn rf/inii, and BftVtt l.h nt< iniut ('ulinul, f . 8t -'. Brevet Major General J. K. IJahnks, 9mrge»* <•* »< rul. l'i.ATTsmi:<;n Bairn: acks, N. V., fkpttmbtrdO, 1867. thtmHli! I have the honor to make the following report concerning the case of cholera which appeared at this post •in the Ist of the present month : I would state that the patient had just returned, on the day preceding the attack, from Governor's island, New York harbor, where he had been sent for trial by general court martial for desertion. He was necessarily detained there for several days awaiting trial, and it is reported by his comrades that while there he had partakent freely of fruit, ami that he had also eaten a quantity of preserved peaches after his return to this post on the day previous to the attack. Daring the night of August 151 st he was suddenly seized with "p-mips, vomiting, and purging, but owing to the ce'.'lect of the guard in charge of the room, the ease was not reported for treatment until four hours after the attack, when he was brought to this hospital, and the case tlie a presented nil the characteristics of well-marked cholera. The patient quickly sunk into a state of collapse. Tlie treatment consisted principally of the administration of small and frequent doses of .i i iam (Jkm:i;ai.'s Oi i hi:. Washington, April Hi, lr?t^. BlB: Ib Mpljr to the bqoirjooataJiMd In jroor oo— innicatioa of this date, you u*a NtpMtnfy informed that ranMi woe forwarded to T«XM, from the gentnl depots in New York harbor, during tin- month of November, 18o"7, M follows: From Bedloen inland, November 83d, H 17, ¦ detachment of :'» ( JH recruits, viz: 7:5 for Battery ''I," Ist V, S. Artillery, Brownsville, Texas, and BH for the 17th I. S. Infantry, Galveston, Texas. From David's island, November :{ilth, l^ii?, a detachment of 800 recruits, viz: 896 for the 2<>th I. S. Infantry, Austin, Te.xa.*. and '^14 for tlie :s">tli 11. B. Infantry, San Antonio, Texas. Very respectfully, your obedient servant K. WILLIAMS, AttitttKU Adjutant (ii in nil. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel J. J. \Vooi>\VAKl>, AttUttmi Suryeou. I. S. Army Four Colombo*, V. V. H.. Jn others, White and Ormshy, were similarly affected, but did not arrive at the state of collapse. We arrived off (ialveston on the morning of December 6th, hut on account of low water were detained eight hours on the bar. Bj an officer going ashore I informed the medical director, Dr. Racon, of the state of affairs, who. with Assistant Surgeon Cronkhite. came on board at once, and confirmed my opinion of the nature of the disease. On arriving at the wharf, everything was found in readiiu>s ; the sick men were at once removed to a hospital, and the troops quartered in tents outside the town. At the time of my leaving Galveston, December Bth, no deaths had occurred, though six new cases of choleraic diarrhoea had been received in hospital. They were all under the care of Assistant Surgeon Croikhite. The few days that these men were under my care would make any remark* on theii treatment of little weight, though I will venture to remark, that in the diarrhoea I had to combat. I found the combination of a mercurial with the usual remedies employed to -be not only beneficial, but almost, it seemed to me, indispensable in arresting the discharges and changing their nature. In the MM of Fisher, w'lilst in a state of collapse, the purging and vomiting having censed, and the thirst being excessive, I found the administration of ice and ice water in small quantities, frequently repeated, to. have a surprisingly reviving effect without renewing the vomiting. It may be in place to remark, that the supply of coffee was exhausted about the time of leaving New Orleans, and that a chest of tea which was to serve for the rest of the voyage tailed to be transferred ; so that the mi n were without tea or coffee for several days, with the exception of one meal, when tea was turrrjlhird from the ship's stores at the request of the commanding officer. I have only left to say, that in .everything necessary to be done for preserving the health of the detachment, I had the earnest co-operation of the commanding officer, and to aeknowledg« the kindness of Captain Tripp Hewes, who jMoffered the resources of his ship without reserve for the Ml "t the *i< k men. I uni. General, very respectfully, your obedient servant .1. K. < oßson JmiimiH Smvjmm, ('. 8. A. 67 Gai/vkston, Tkxas, January 1, 18G8. Colonki. : I have the lionor to submit the following statement OOttOßTOing an epidemic of cholera wliich prevailed at this post doting a part of the month of December, 1867. On the fith of that month a vessel, transporting four hundred and twenty-five U. S. soldiers from \ew York city to Texas, arrived at (lalveston, having cholera to a limited extent among the troops on board. They were disembarked and (jnartered in tents for three days. At the expiration of that time, on account of the inclemency of tli>' weather, they were put in barracks with the detachment of the 17th I. S. Infantry on duty here. On the 11th of December Mother vessel, bringing from New York city to Texas five hundred and ten U. S. soldiers, among whom also cholera had appeared, reached thin place. The second transport remained one day and sailed for Indianola, Texas, with all of its detachment on board, except the sick who had been left for treatment in this post hospital. The troops on both the ships, while en route from New York to Texas, ¦topped a day at New Orleans, La., and the malady appeared among them soon after leaving the latter city. Cholera was epidemic in New Orleans at the time. One death from that disease occurred on the second transport before it reached Galveston. Altogether twenty-five cases of cholera and eighteen of choleraic diarrhoea were admitted into Galveston post hospital. Four cases of cholera terminated fatally. Twenty-one cases of cholera and all the cases of choleraic diarrlura resulted favorably. Three privates of the 17th U. S. Infantry previously on duty here were attacked with cholera. They all recovered. The remedy mainly relied upon was tannin, in doses varying from half a drachm to two drachms, in fresh solution, after each discharge by vomiting or per animi. After commencing its administration to the extent mentioned, none were lost who came under treatment before the stage of collapse had set in. The first effect of the tannin was to cause the stomach to discharge its contents ; but in every case it finally completely arrested the discharges and relieved the cramps attending them. The men who were received in a pulseless condition died. I witnessed no good effects from acoholic stimulants. They were usually very offensive to the stomach, and did not appear capable of influencing tin- circulation in tin' stage of collapse. The epidemic has i'ltirely disappeared from this post. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. McL. CKONKHITE, Asxintaut Surf/eon, U. S. A. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel \V. WkMTKB, Siirgton, U. 8. A., Ck'nf Medina/ Officer District of Texan Extract from WttUf lleport of Sick and Wounded, Indianola, Texax, week endin;) December li, 1807. Actiti;/ Axxistaid SiurgtOK S. Santo ire, C. S. A. Thirteen cases of cholera were admitted from a detachment of recruits from (Jalveston, Texas. The disease has not yet ¦prtad in this place. J'ost Hosi'itw., Ini.ianoi.a, Tkxas, Dtetmttr 81, 1867. C01.0M.1.: In reply to your communication of December '-i.xl, 1807, 1 have the honor to inform you that cases of cholera iidmi t.-d from a detachment of recruits passing through >n route for San Antonio, Texas, referred to in one of my letters to yoiii otlii -e. m c.is.s of what is sailed, by recent European writers, common or sporadic, also European cholera. Although in all of these rases rice-water discharges were observed, the disease progressed slowly, and not one of the cases showed that stage of eoQapM found in Asiatic cholera. Two ca.-es terminated fatally, on the Ml day of the disease, in a typhoid condition; none existed in this command nor among ihe citizens at this place. I am, Colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL BANTOIBE, irtin;/ Axxixtant Suryeoii, I. S. A. lirev.t Lieutenant Colonel W. WsMim, Surt/eon, r. s. A., ChttfMedimL QJbw Pfaftfil >f ZVnw, lli-.mi'.vi i:ai>, Tkxas, Jmmmrj/%, Ih(K n Sil: : I have the honor to transmit ¦ -p.-,-i a l report of cholera patients for the month of De.-ember, IH(J7. Roatdei the accompanying list, I am satisfied tin t there was considerable choleraic diarrhcea which failed of full development on account of the prompt BMBIOVW taken, to stop it. Bonly MM cleaiilinesn and disinfection attended to, but opium and camphor pill.- were placed in the hands of th« NTgKUtI r.ies. wit'i instructions to watch the sinks, and all men frequenting them too often bad ¦ dose administered after each .11. ai.il mr/ case proving obstinate was nt OBOt reported to the hospital. Respectfully, your obedient servant, F. A. WILMANB, Ari'uuj . /«.v ixiiini Burgeon, I', s. \. Brevet [ioatsnasJ Colossi W'.umm-.n Wmbmmm, flojrpnn, ( . s. ./., - f . » -_ ? - - , ( 68 Hi:mi\stj:.w>, Tkxas. Fbimif I, 1888. Hilt: In compliance with your* of tin- l">lh of January, 1888, I have the honor to report that cholera first appeared amon the troops ben immediately after the arrival of recruits from Galveston. T«XM, December 13th, HO7. ThejOOßlOUUlding ofioor here informs me that one of their numher left in hospital at Galveston died of cholera on the lv!tli Of December. IHIJ7, showing that it existed MBOOg them previous to their arrival here, so that when, where, or how it originated. I have no authentic means of ascertaining. Raspectftilly, your obedient wrrsai V. A. WILMANB, llllilij .ixxixtUltt SllVJinn. I . S. .1 IJrevet Isi igadier General T. A. IfcPABLDT, Mtdiral Director. Q<;aka.\tink OhoUOU Ca.mi', lli:adqlai:ti:ks Dkt. Ki-xts. 98TB I,'. »S. 1., Onion Creek, near Austin, Texas, December 31, I^o7. Sir: In compliance with Circular Order No. 3, War Department, .Surgeon General's Office. Washington, D. C, April 80th, 1867, 1 have the honor herewith to transmit a special report of cholera patients in this detachment for the present month. I beg, also, to add for your information, that in conformity with instructions received from Headquarters 26th U. S. Infantry, poll of Austin, Texan, I met the detachment on its arrival at thin place on the afternoon of the 24th instant, and finding eholon prevailing among the recruits, had the command quarantined, and estahlislied a hospital and other conveniences for the treatment of the sick. There was no medical officer with the command, the sick being in charge of an acting hospital steward. The disease was, with few exceptions, easily controlled when seen early and the patient well nursed. The treatment found most successful was calomel, in large doses, placed on the tongMJ brandy when the irritability of the stomach subsided; occasional injections of chloroform and laudanum, with applications, of mustard. Squibb's mixture was found useful only in the early ¦c officer who accompanied the detachment from New York informs me that diarrhcea prevailed largely on board the vessel ew York to New Orleans, but that after their departure from the latter post for Indianola, Texas, the disease assumed a lalignant character. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, T. OK. SHEKIDAX Acting Assistant Suryeon, U. S. A. IJrevet Major General J. K. Bahnks, Sur;/(on (leniral. Hkaixhauikus Dktach. 26tii U. 8. 1., i:x BOUTB to Hkownsvii.i.k. Ti.xas. Indianola, Texas, January 31. I^6H Silt: I have, the honor to transmit herewith the special report of cholera patients in this command for the month of January, 186rt. In regard to the case of I'rivate John IJreani. reported for this month, lam unable to obtain any particulars whi' ,-h woidd enable me to give an opinion as to the probable origin of the disease in his case, further than that he boloQgtd 10 the detachment of recruits among whom cholera had been recently prevailing. I am, very respect fully, your obedient servant T. OH. BHERIDAN ietmg Assistant Surijimi, I. S. A. 69 APPENDIX lI.— YELLOW FEVER. A. STATISTICAL TABLES. 1. IXMAXOLA. TEXAS. MaaflM july. ailist. skitkmbkk. octobek. mil— > iwkmhkk. total. . — . Mean strength 52 M 14t 72 72 76 50 I i | I I Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cages. Death". Cases. Deaths. ' 'Yellowfever 21* 10 4 3 4 1 29 M | Tv|huidfever ! I 1 1 Tyiihii-malarinl fever Ki'inittent fever Intermittent fever | 6 5 j 4 15 Diarrhoea and dysentery 1 1 , AH other diseases 1 1 3 2 3 Total i 2 7 5 i 4 4 18 4 Affßregate 2) 10 6 I 11 1 5 i 4 47 18 | * There were, besides, two cases in June. t The remainder of the command absent at Green Luke. 2. GALVESTON, TEXAS. Muriths JULY. AUGUST. KEITF.MIIi:!!. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean strength 174 170 138 95 111 2-^2 151 Cages. Deaths. Case*. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Death*. V.H.uv fever II 2 68 15 lOC, 53 U 8 1 ! \MI '¦' Tj|.ln>i Total 54 48 j 13 4 :«> 16 9J 4 254 • 3. VICTORIA, TEXAS. Month JULY. AUGUST. TnWM OCTOBER. NOVKMIIEK. DKCEMHKU. TOTAU Mean strength 77 71 Cages. Deaths. Casr.i. Deaths. Cages. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. | I Yellow fever 8 10 4 1 18 4 Tyihoid fever I Typho-rnalarial fever ' ; Remittent fever J 20 4 24 j Intermittent fever 35 24 59 Diarrhoea and dysentery ; , All other diseases 47 1 1 '. 48 1 Total ! I 102 29 1 131 1 _ __ v Aggregate 110 39 5 149 5 I | I I | I 4. GOLIAD, TEXAS. MwOH JULY. AUGUST. HEMTEMHKR. OCTOBEU. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean strength 47 47 43 43 44 43 45 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. : yellow fever 5 5 '' Tjlllllfclll j ' \ Tyi'homalarial fever... 1 ' 1 ' 1 j 3 Remittent fever 0 \ 5 \ 3 j 1 1 3 18 Intermittent fever 8 13 j 13 13 8 8 63 Diarrhoea and dysentery 5 ! * 5 2 6 2 24 All ut her diseases I 3 13 2 1 5 23 1 Total 29 1 26 1 24 19 18 15 131 1 Aggregate ; » M 1 24 24 18 15 1M 1 I 6. HOUSTON, TEXAS. Month* JULY. AMOK. HEITEMIIEK. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECKMMKH. TOTAL 87 Mean strength 75 H 82 .VI 48 71 (?,:,. |i,.;,t1-. r. ,-.-,. Doatlm. CUM Deaths. Cmok. Deaths. Cane*. Death*. discs. Death*. Cases. Deaths. ;n i I i = 10 109 ! 18 sfi 2 22 1 M 4 50 1 281 7 | no l M ¦ Velio* fever : ! U 0 :- 1 iiO Ty|h"i. HEMP.STEAI). TEXAS. M "" ttl8 JLXY - aoowt. tmnatumm. \ ocroan. woramma. M^m total. Mean strength 104 117 kk; 99 79 15( - nQ Comi. Deutha. Coses. Deaths. Ouw Death*. | CM6S. I>i;athH. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cmn. Deaths. ( Yellowfever v 8 ?,, 10 3 5 » 55 .... Typhoid fever 1 Typho-malarial fever Remittent fever 4 ' . Intermittent fever | 3 4 6 1 2 7 03 Diarrhd'aiiiKldysciitery 1 4 3 jj All other diseases i 1 ]2 7 1 | 21 1 2 Totnl I 5 20 18 1 1 : 14 H 1 I 97" I AffffreKato 5 20 U'J it 40 16 17 5 41 1 152 31 | 7. BBENHAM, TEXAS. Months JULY. AI(ii:.ST. IVIUMi OCTOHEU. NOVEMBER. MOBOn TOTAL. Mean strength 67 50 Mi-bii strength 67 50 70 50 50 C 9 59 I Coses. Deaths. Chios. Deaths. Cases. Yellow fever ' I I ! | 2 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. 2 ' 2 2 Cases. Deaths. Cages. Deuth*. Canes. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Death*. Vi Hi. w fever ! 2 2 2 2 Typhoid fever I I ypho-nmliiriiil fever 1 3 Typlio-iiiiiliirial fever 3 3 3 Ki-initt«-nt fever I 14 25 3 15 2G 13 96 IJ.mittcnt fever 14 | I 25 3 Intermittent fever j 8 10 3 Dinrrhu-a it ml dysentery 12 7 ' 1 All other diseases 2 ' 15 5 Total ! 36 57 15 Afgrafita ! 30 57 17 I 7 13 16 57 I 3 1 1 10 34 I 11 7 1 15 55 I 36 1 47 1 54 245 1 2 36 1 47 I 1 I 54 247 3 8. MiOWXSVILLE, TEXAS. .MoiittiH JULY. AUGr.ST. SKI'TKMIIKK. OCTOBER. NOVEJIIIF.R. liF.CEMIIEK. TOTAL. Mil tkttgtt 83 • SO 45 72 72 104 76 i ' i i ' i ! Cases. Deaths. Canes. ! Deaths. ! Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deuths. Case*. Deaths. CMM. Druths Case*. Death*, j Y.llowfover 3 1 * 'l'v|ili(iid fever i j Tyi>lio-m:ilurial fever.. It.n.itt.iit f.vcr 14 17 12 8 5 Inli rn.itti i nt f.-v.r ? 10 1 7 10 12 18 63 | Oiarrlui-numlilyxi-nti ry || 6 7 13 6 8 M All other diseases 51 25 11 10 1 4 :l 1M Total n 55 1 42 Ifl 1 M A^n^ite ! 72 SO 1 4. 48 1 M 34 >J I L__ i : -w— 73 9. BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS. (Colored Troops.) Month* JULY. AUGUST. SKITEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. M.-an -fr.iiL'tli 738 SM 257 4M 302 337 395 (a-.- lii'itths. CUM. Dratlis. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths, ('uses. Di-mln. j , ' Y.-11..W fever. I I I ' , ' | I ! Typhoid fever ' j ! Tyjiho-malarial fever... 3 1 2 ¦ 5 1 . Remittent fever 6 17 16 20 6 9 74 j Intermittent fevor ¦ 1 16 37 26 21 19 150 Diarrhua and dysentery 22 14 28 12 ; 13 9 98 All other diseases 110 ' 37 48 41 18 19 1 273 1 Total 172 1 86 1 129 99 58 56 1 600 3 | m _ Abrogate 172 1 86 129 99 58 56 1 CO) 2 10. RINGGOLD BARRACKS, TEXAS. ( Colored Troops. ) Monfhi JULY. AL'OCBT. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. MCMMI TOTAL. Mean strength 308 230 228 196 199 173 222 1';,,.-.. Deaths. Canes. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cuses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deuths. Cases. Deaths. Yellow fever I I ' ! ' I ' ' Typhoid fever 3 1 J ' ' ' 3 1 I 'yi'Mo-muhtrial fever... ! ' i Remittent fever 12 7 1 .". 4 1 j 4 29 Intermittent fever i 21 5 14 2 *> 8 58 Diarrhu-a and dysentery 7 8 5 1 11 13 42 All other diseases 6 24 41 13 22 1 M 129 I , I : Total 49 1 41 63 ! 20 40 1 48 261 9 | ' : ___^ AfgNftfl 4!> 1 41 <;:i 20 40 1 48 261 2 11 NEW ORLEANS, LA. ii. aMtT% ' 'i 1 1 • ' ¦ » * '' * Month* J| i.y. AL'OL'HT. HMUUO, OCTOHKII. NOVKMIIKIt. DKc 'K.MIIKK. TOTAL. I Mffiiii Mf.n^tl, 7'.»:i 625 740 723 728 KM M ('axes. Ix-ntlm. (iihcs. DaadML Caiten. iJentlis. discs. DoatliH. Omm. DcutliH. (iik<-h. DcatliM. Cuhch. Deaths. I. « fever 4* 3 108 :il 448 113 87 43 1 1 4 1 1 658 \'X, l;.|.h..id fever II I 3 1 I I '\j.li<.-iniilMrial fnvi-r. . I I K.-mitt.-rit fever M 4.'i 18 3 80 I Intermittent f. !V *r ¦» M 04 ¦ 4« 30 288 I I'iiirrho-u nrul ilj' H «i,t<. r y 7H 37 |? 1 || 49 M '-'.".:» 2 . All.,tti.r.lipi.-;iK^ I^4 J24 3 |.V» 3 I'Jl ). r >l 3 Ml 2 WT> 11 'I'.tal !"-« 2 2.-W ¦ M 4 Ut Ml :i M 2 1,011 M j AK^rejfat* M S I :t."'!» :»4 HI 117 M 1:1 ',:,7 7 '~'.'>r. I j 2,171) Ml 74 12. NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. ( Colored Troops. ) Month* .TILT. Ali.rsi. -I.ITKMIIF.R. OCTOIIKIt. NOVEMBER. HF.CEMUF.R. TOTAL. Mean r-trength 1!<:S 239 342 377 366 361 313 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Ca.-ps. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Death*. Cases. Deaths. Y. How fever U 2 » 10 ¦ HI I 1 163 23 Tyi'h.Miiularial fever : Remittent fever 5 7 1 ¦ 4 4 ! 4J 1 Intermittent fever I 34 lit 35 11 8 6 113 Diarrhcea and dysentery 35 12 15 8 8 8 1-1 All ...her diseases 210 52 76 61 8 | 3 30 1 437 4 Total 284 90 1 148 84 28 . 3 44 2 678 6 .Wirri-,rate 284 103 3 M 10 IIS7 10 28 \ 4 44 I 841 13. BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA. Months JII.V. AK.IM. -I lITMBER. OCTOIIF.R. NOVEMIIER. I MMI TOTAL. Mean strength M ¦§ ~'l!t J7O M Ui ¦¦"¦ Cases. Deaths. CM* Death;.. Canes. Deaths. Cases. Deaths, Canes. Deaths. Cases. Deaths, (us-- I>»-ath.«. Yellow fevi-r 1 i 1 1 X ! X 3 2 Typhoid fcvor . Typlio-malarial fever 2 111 I i:.M,,n,,,,f,ver 57 1 66 : 20 6 19 1 I 173 ; Intermittent fewr 31 71 1 ¦ 91 124 ! 50 429 | 1 ITU Till -IXIIIIIIJ ¦ M 1 33 I 19 I 2 13 95 5 All other diseases 12 13 11 ¦ 9 n « All other disease. 12 13 11 9 9 n Total 105 1 166 I 126 I 127 1 1M 4 79 765 10 10 T,,tal l 105 1 166 2 IM I 127 \K 1 M 4 79 Arprejrate 106 1 Ml 2 127 3 10 1 M 5 79 768 12 Arere(n»«e ¦" I Ml 2 j 127 3 111 1 163 5 79 768 ¦ 14. VIDALIA, LOriSIAXA. 14. YIDALIA, LOrisIANA. Monthfc jrLV . Al-.1-T. MMB OCTOBER. XOVEMIIKK. MUMMER. I-'IU.. Monthfc jrLV . Al-.1-T. MMB OCTOIIEII. NOVEMHKK. I 1 ¦ I MIiER. TOTAU " 1 - 47 M U ¦ Menu t-tromrth 47 M « fil j Cm.*. Death.. OHM Death*. Case*. Death*. Omm D-atli*. Cmm. Death.. Ca»«». Death*, fate*. O-ail. Om Deatlu. Caw« Deaths. Cases. Death*. Cases. Death*. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Caws. DM** VeUowfever 3 I I < 1>|.h..i.l fevor * " , I ~ 7" 4 TjftlH fever * I . 1 \ jiio 11 ievrr r • I . i>tio-malarial fever 1 1 „ I . l.lio-tnalariul fpviT 1 IN, ...ten; fever Z I\. 7 1 7 » It.nntt.-nt fever ! 6 7 7 Intermittent fever M 31 ¦ U Intermittent fever | 19 | 31 ¦ U "" 9 "\ l>iatrh 70 85 85 85 100 134 i»3 Cnses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths, discs. Deaths, ('uses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Yellow fever 2 2 Typhoid fever 1 1 Typho-nmlarial fever 1 2 1 4 Remittent fever 3 1 1 1 1 6 Intermittent fever 7 12 8 5 ! 13 16 61 Diarrhoea and dysentery 4 6 5 3 5 ' 6 29 All other diseases 5 12 1 13 5 4 ! 7 46 1 Total 16 35 1 29 15 1 22 30 147 1 Aggregate 16 35 1 31 15 ' 22 30 14!) 1 lf>. VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI. Months JULY. ArorsT. IWIHUU OCTOMUt NovKMlir.lt. DKBOn TOTAL. M.-an strength 171 1% 108 2^2 377 379 2»i7 Coses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. OtMfc Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Velhavfever ' ' 8 1 4 2 1 1 13 4 ; Typhi. id fever 1 j I 2 1 5 Tyi'lm-malarial fever I 3 3 1 Remittent fever 12 ! 30 f 32 71 50 ! 10 211 1 Intermittent fever 0 1 H j 27 10 48 ' M IM 1 I >iarrh2 1 178 2 US 5 74 1 M 7 12 < 17. JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI. 17. JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI m<">»*'» jolt. ai'.ist. mrtaamm. octomi. • tcmauttu* M '-**—» votai* ItoottM jotr. A i.ii '.i sr. -ill kmiikk. OCTOHB. Mean strength VA Ifl Ifll 278 Mean strength 10< \r,:i |f,:i 278 3. r .!l 1 - l>e;,tl,-. OHM. Deaths. OtflM. l»euth-. OMM. Deaths. QmH Denths. Cases. Douthg. CaißS. Deatlis. 'ases. I)e;itlit*. ('atiett. Deatlis. (uses. I»«alhr. ! Yellow fever. i j ' j j i Yello« fever I ! ; i j I 1 . ---•¦ Tyj.hoid fever 1 ] Typhoid fever I J I 7 y ph., -malarial fever... ' MMMfcnt 4 IS 15 of) v ' 70 19 70 li.ter'iiittent fever ¦ ...* M 80 M 53 206 Diarilitfii and ilyser ter_\ I!) ' i. 1*)1 *) 20 |] 9 I fl i All mher di>ea«e» Lf» ! 29 '¦ 44 1 :W) ' [ 27 1 159 Total 11l I HI KM) fe? 2 10H : 517 Aggngalt in ! in \w 3 1 \ iog gu :{ N 76 18. MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE. Months Jli,Y. AIGIST. VTlian, OCTOIIEIt. XHVKMHEK. I'MKMUKU. TOTAL. Meanstrongth 184 101 KiO 201 I ! 11! 12 59 ' 1 Total 34 1 25 8 1 6 12 1 12 1 97 1 5 6 13 1 II 121 13 AjfKrejrnte 34 39 7 17 20. MOBILE, ALABAMA. MimtliH ICVt. AICLHT. SKPIKMIIKK. OCTOIIKIt. X<>\ KMiIKK. DECEMIIKR. TOTAL. OCTOIIEU. XOVEMIIEK. DF.rEMIiKR. TOTAL. MMuHMfth :i"'<-iillis. CUM. ttWltM « ;is.>. I)<-aths. OmM, Dfiillis. ('uses. Deutlis. Cases. Den Jases. Deaths, fuses. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. CafM. DMtlw ; . I V,.||,,» f, !V or '. 3 18 5 ' 1 1 1 _j» 5 ' 1 1 1 Ty,,| I fever • I 1 1 j 1 1 3 :t 1 » 3 1 1 8 6 Tyi'lm-nmlariii] fever I Ml ¦¦¦ " 4 1 <>• " 4 117 4 H 3-"-1 M 1 421 ; M 9 147 77 21. FORT GAINES, ALABAMA. j| on ths JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMIIKK. DECEMBER. TOTAL. I )lean strength 77 83 82 85 75 C 9 79 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deatlis. Cases. Deatlis. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deatlis. Cases. Deaths.; Yellowfever | 1 1 1 1 1 | Typhoid fever ' ' j j TyyfeMMtabl fever j I Remittent fever 4 6 ' 1 j 1 12 I Intermittent fever 30 25 : 22 ] 20 18 18 133 Diarrhoea and dysentery 1 ; 5 5 4 1 16 1 All other diseases 6 j 11 9 5 3 15 49 Total 41 1 43 1 37 i 31 25 34 210 j | | I ; Atirreirate 41 | 42 37 31 25 ! 35 1 211 1 I I | 22. BARRANCAS, FLORIDA. Months JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMHEK. DECEMBER. TOTAL. I Mean strength 87 88 88 88 89 90 «P I ' Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Yellow fever . 1 1 1 1 | I Typhoid fever I Typho-malarial fever 1 1 Kemittent fever ' Intermittent fever I 10 11 8 9 1 41 j Diarrhoea ami dysentery 15 22 8 10 1 2 58 1 I All other diseases 11 34 19 I 2 4 75 Total. 35 67 38 23 5 7 175, Aggregate 35 68 1 | 38 23 5 7 17(i 1 9& KEY WEST, FLORIDA. Mor.ths JULY. AC.VJUHT. HEITEMHEK. OCTOBEII. NOVEMBER. DKCKMKKII. TOTAL. Mean strength i <<7 58 57 76 57 UK) IK. Cases. Death*. Case*. Deaths. CaseH. Oeatlis, (Jiih<;h. Di-iithjf. CuiieH. Hfthl C,i- . Deaths. (Jiuies, 8 1 "T '.'.'.'.'."'. «"!"!!!!! r, « ¦ 1 21 ! 9 1 21 ! 17 Yellow fi:vi;r ! 1 8 1 a Tyj.hoM fever. T vj.lio-rriiiliiriul f<;v«-r. u«Tiiitt<-rit frr«r. •"< Intermittent (V-vt-r 4 1 II I»i;irrliiciianil rlysentery 'A 'i 4 \r> All other iliiteuseM 4 2 9 ao Total • 11 5 ; 13 51 AgyrfpHf 11 6 I • 1 9 1 U i 08 •- 78 24. FORT JKFFERBON, FLORIDA. j Months JULT. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. | Mean strength 3M 291 288 |f| 201 HO 263 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Dm , I __ I ' ' Yellov fever 12 2 Kil 27 13 3 1M 32 I Typhoid fever j I ! ~. Ty|iho-malarinl fever Remittent fever 3 3 Intermittent fever I 7 j 3 8 4 22 Diurrhwa and dysentery 34 6 6 10 13 8 77 All other diseases 85 I 28 14 20 32 25 KM Total IM 1 34 23 33 53 37 306 Aggregate 126 1 46 2 164 27 46 3 53 37 492 33 I 25. TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA. Months JULY. AUGUST. SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER. TOTAL. Mean strength 176 • M 113 92 87 146 134 Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Death*. I • i ' j Yellow fever 2 1 2 1 | Typhoid fever 6 2 1 1 7 I Tyjiho-iiiiilariul fever llemittent fever 1 j 11 4 10 10 M 4 Intermittent fever 2<;i 297 W 1 148 124 120 t,M I Diarrhu-aand dysentery l(i 1 1 18 | All other diseases l. r > 2 2 2 5 6 19 4!t 2 Total 29D 4 310 I 4 258 2 164 140 140 ! 1,311 A «™*« » 4 310 [ 4 2.58 j 2 166 1 I4Q . 140 |. . 1,313 79 ¦ CASES OF YELLOW FEVER DURING THE LAST SIX MONTHS OF 1867, NOT INCLUDED IN THE FOREGOING TABLES. I Months TCI.Y. AVGIST. SEI'TEMHI'.K. OCTOIJER. XOVKMIIER. PECKMRER. TOTAL _______ I _ CO . X* .00 d .03 , X r£ ~ oa rC m »2 x ~ airC * — to - ?-» A ¦ «-< ¦ ¦*- D *-• ¦ -t- 1 H « qd • qq c 3 X H B cj B GO x w CQ O Q Q Q O Q QQ O fl Q I fl O ( ran TRoors. Austin, Texas 1 1 1 2 Ship Island, Miss 112 2 3 Kiu^'gold Barracks, Tex 1 1 1 ' 2 Pass Christian and Win- ) ? r ? clatter, Mi.B. J 14 5 U Opelousas, La 1 1 1 j Alexandria, La 2 111 3 ! Jiff, reon, Texas 2 1 2 i | Total white troops ' 3 2 21 10 I 2 27 1 | | , j COLORED TROOPB. t Galveston, Texas 2 12 11 5 Ship Inland, Miss 3 3 ... Total white and colored 2 1 8 3 22 10 3 2 35 1 87. TOTAL L NUMIiKK OF CASES OF YELLOW FEVER. JILY. ACOr.ST. SKI'TE.WHKK OCTOHKK. SOY MHKH DKCKMHKK TOTAL » 7. i a 111 O P. O 00 ¦<¦ i M « ¦ ? s •i I ¦ 8 O C O White troopn * 36 15 2r!9 ll'> 28 ail 59 777 21G 18 I 6 4 1347 Colored troops. 15 3 102 11 54 10 1 171 85 Total white and colored. 36 15 220 C 2 ! 879 227 343 125 28 19 6 • 4 1518 ' There werf, bosMotj 2 canen in June 80 B. EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL REPORTS. IMMHOLV. TEXAS. Iximanoi.a, Tf.xas, Jmm 'MX 1887. KNKRaI, : I liave the honor to report that an epidemic of bOIoW remittent fever lias, within the last ten (lavs, BMMMI Eta ¦M among tlio citizens of Indianola. The fever, in a {.Teat many cases, assumes a pernicious and continued type an the y, and, in fatal MMB, generally terminates oti the fourth or fifth day in a typhoid condition. One hundred and ten MMM rteil, ami twelve deaths. The location of the troops southwest of the town seems as yet free from these miasmatic cc. Only two cases occurred among the soldiers; one lias perfectly recovered, the other is in a hopeful state. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL SAXTOIRE, Actiny Assistant Suryton, C. S. A. Brevet Major General J. K. Hakxks, Suryrun (leneral. Indianola, Tkxas. July 31, 18fi7. INKHAI-: I have the honor to report that the health of the troops at this pout is, at the present time, as good as can he 1. At the commencement of the month, yellow fever threatened |o he very severe among the men. Ip to the -.'nth, i cases had occurred, with In deaths. I'pon my suggestion, the troops were removed to Given Lake, Texas, twenty inn Indianola. The locality is healthy and well Rated for a ramp, having good water, good bathing places, and a high Since their arrival at that place, yellow t\-\vv has entirely ceased its ravages. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL SAXTOIRK Actiny Assistant Surytou, I. S. A. Hrevet Major General J. K. 15ai:xi:s, Sun/ion (It ncntl. Indianoi.a. Tkxas, A*fmti M, 18C>7. lOnUUI.:I OnUUI.: I have the honor to report that, during the present month, the health of the troops stationed at this pod has good as can he expected. Yellow fever seems to have subsided | but. in my ..pinion, for the want of proper maten.,l to DM, Strangers coming to this place, if not acclimated, soon take the fever. Only two cases occurred among the troops this month ; both terminated in death. All the men now here have passed through it except one. I have the honor to be, General, wry respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL SANTOIKK Actinj Atshtnitt Suryiun, I. S. A. Ilrcvct Major General J. K. liAlt.vi.s, oaVOMM OfMfal 11 Extri ¦( fnm Monthly Report <>f Sirl and Wounded. Detathnunt 'ibth Infantry, Indianolu. Texas. October, 1867. Samw.l &iip>>rt of SUk and Wounded, Pott Hotpital, Intlinnola, Ttxa*, October. 1*67. Acting Aui*tant Suryton S>i,,tu>l Siintoin . I. S. A. Yellow Fr.vi;i: : This tlist-r.se. wfcWl 'md apparently suh.-i .led. reappeared dui-inir the past week. Four caws occurred among the soldiers, immediately following two days of a cold north wind. Three of these cases proved to tte of a milder form than during the hot season, with less tendency to congestion of the digestive organs. After the ojiening of the bowels by blue MM, the fever was combated by draughts of the effervescing citrate of potash, taken ad libitum. This preparation bus proved very beneficial in the hands of all practitioners who have used it at this place during the epidemic. To the refrigml diaphoretic action of this preparation, which has the good effect of relieving the burning thirst suffered in the first stage of the f>v. r. may be a'ldi-d that it maintaii.s the secretion of the kidneys a. id mildly operates on the liowels. Quinine' was given during the convalescence in tonic doses. One ca>e. which ended fat. illy, m brought from Victoria. Texas, during a cold day. I>«-uth tiM.k plaet twenty-four hours after admission. He liad Math vomit when admitted, and during the two days previous had suffend from HTm epi.-taxis. IHMANOLA. Tkxas. Xorrmber 30. 1*67. Mum: : I have the honor to submit tin- following observations n-lative to th'- introduction of yellow fever at this ft the history of its progress: The disease is j.roved to have been imported from Mexico, in th- latter jmrt of May. upon a schooner from which some articles of bedding, etc.. were landed. Two workmen who handled the saiil effects were taken sick four day* after, and died of what their physician then called pernicious fever. The deputy collector of customs who boarded the vessel labored under the same disease. In five or six days it seemed to have spread rapidly, having swept through every house around the wharf, and pursued its cour.-e along Main .-fiv, t. fr<>m one side to another, with rare exceptions. It was of a mild form. and. for ten days, mistaken tor bilious remittent fever by the physicians of tins place, all of whom have passed through several epidemics. I had never before lu-t with yellow few, and felt very uncertain in my diatriK-sis. It was not until the 16th of June that th- first &Mi occurred | t!i- troops, and I convinced myself of the nature of the disease; more than fifty citizens were then down with the fever. and ten death.- had occurred. Thes ¦ fatal cases terminated by cerebral congestions; only in two instances was th- black vomit • • 1 .~ i\ • d < >ur camp was located on elevated ground, to the windward, and about a mile from the town. The first cases •bMTTi d wen- men <(ua!tennast.r - s ).n.]>frty in \.,\vu. and through them it was propagated in the camp. On the l.'tli of July it bWHBe severely epidemic and assumed a m remove his camp t" QIWH Lake. le\:t>. tweiity-two mile.- from Indiaiu'la. where g<>«>il water could be had. They abandoned this poM oil A* '~"'h "f July. - 17 men : all tikmt men had had the fever except two. who took it shortly after and die 1. The same day of the arrival <>J the tiooj.* at d.ccii Lake, two < f the in.-n INN tak.-n with th>- fever; both cases terndnated f.itally ; M other • ..-¦ at that place. Xo very successful metlnxl of treatment has fallen under my observation at this place. All my colleagues stful united in considering goo 1 nursing as the m»st important part of the treatment, of which hot pediluvia. di «ph<>retic d«-c«n-tion!-. u-tor oil was the basis. The method of treatment which I have found ty Acting Assistant Suri'e .:i K. ('. Fox. I. > A., which I have adopk-d. with shirht deviations, according to symptoms and different constitutions: At the first visit, fifteen grains of blue mass, or t«-n of calomel, were driven, followed by a cathartic and effervescing draught! of citrate of potassa. taken ad libitum. To the refr_ diaphoivti. j.n.pertie- of th:.t preparation, which has the benefi lal effects of relieving the karatafl tliirst so rii-tr-ssiir^' to the p»tieiit. mi he a Id. (1 that it maintains the secretion of the kidneys an 1 mildly operates on the b.>wv]-. which are the main p .i:it- to if o!.ta.ned Is givt the f.-ver a favoratile course. The f-ver liavin^ abated, five cr.iins "f sulphate of r the m»-nury: but it not administered at tl ¦t-< t. its effects cannot be obtained. One instance was communicat^-d to me ¦J i pr; ( tit ion. rof this place, who gave two doM* of calomel, thirty grains each, three hours apart, on the third day of th. | it remained in the stomach eighteen hours, and was then rejected in the form of a paste, without havi:,_- pr««du¦) . In two in-ttme- I my- If a dminist-re.l m -re irials. «.n the thinl day of the f'eve r . in s:uull NpMiad do-.-s. mmkimi v ith i, without marked effect. Xo instance of recovery after the settin.' in of black voin't i.- r.tordel. Two c a.— , !,. k..i iy of le id and turpentine ended fatally, with \ illMt from the urethra and tl.e bowels. I • ¦ ¦ i- a true statement of the introduction of yellow fever at this pla<«-. and of the methods of treatment adopU-d. I am. Major. \ery rr.-p.ct fully, your obedient servant BAMUEL BANTOIRE Jrtfcy ij— iff 1 1 f ' • ISA. 1 ¦ M.ijc.r c Mm >>s. Jmbkmt Bmijttm, V. ft A. 82 «JALVESTO\, TEXAS Headquarter*, Dmtkict F Tk.\A>, Office Ciiikf Medical Officer, Galvestox, Am.iutt 17. l^hT. QIMnUL: I have the honor to report the state of the epidemic and the mortuary record of the city sexton for the week ending to-day : Bring the week the disease has increased terribly; the type has become much more severe and unmanageable, and it has all classes of society. Yesterday there were three cases which proved fatal in from two to ten hours from the comlent of the attack. The following is the report of the burials daily, by the city sexton, for the week: Saturday. 1-; r , 20; Tuesday, 23 ; Wednesday, 27; Thursday, 10; Friday, 27; Saturday, not complete; supposed to be about as Making a total of 106 deaths during the week. The cases at the post hospital are doing most favorably ; wv need more ice and more delicacies, as the hospital fund is small. I forward, to-day, a letter from Dr. Rowe relative to this subject; please give us as speedy a decision as convenient, as the case is urgent. Be are all worked to the fullest capability night and day, but all things move on evenly and quietly, and we do not need Ip. I shall write you (God willing) as often as is necessary to keep you fully informed of our condition and needs. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, SAMUEL ADAMS Issigtant Suryton, and Jir> ret Major, ¥. S. A. Hnvet Hrigadier General Tlios. A. McPari.in, Mtdicml Jiinrtor Fifth Military lHxtrH, Xrw Orlxxns, La Gai.yf.viun. Texas. April ].">. IMS Bsei.'Al.: My location at this city during a period including ft considerable part of the recent epidemic of yellow t-v.-r requisite a statement ti my service, at the station, during the prevalence of the disease. I respectfully transmit the g statement especially relating to the course of the epidemic in this city : On the 11th of SepU-mber. being on duty at the Austin station, 1 received a telegraphic order fnun Hrevef .Major General Griffin, commanding the district, to report at once at (ialvcston for duty as «-hi.-f medical officer. Leaving Austin the day suo •• '1 ing this order, I arrived at Galveston on the 17th of the month, the second day after the talk and Initial ol (Jeneral (Jntfin «.f yellow U'vt-r. (M-ncral Griffin was the fourth officer of !:is staff who had fallen in the place of Mi duty during the epidemic. At this time there existed, not only along the gulf coast, but ext"nding a long distance int. rior to ]oc «Iit!«-> hitherto deemed «ft from the yellow fever, an epidemic condition, a^ravated directly, so far a* my knowledge extends, hv U-:.li/ing chvumstaiio s. The epidemic was the in-^t extended ami .li-a>t:oiis that has occurred in the history «f UN State; the entire region of its 83 BChristi, and teriiiin itiiuj on th^ cast at Liberty, within an interior range at it* greatest extent of 150 miles from the gulf d including the counties of Cameron, Nuecea, Calhoun, Goliad, Victoria, Jackson, Colorado, Fayette, Fort Bend, irfnii, Brazos, Grimes, Galveston, Harris, Montgomery, Walker, and Liberty. Galveston is situated in latitude 2'J 0 18' 2f>" north, longitude 94° 46' 38" west, and is built at nearly the eastern extremity of Galveston island, on a bay four miles in width and bearing the same name with the inland. The city is placed fronting the b.iy. ;md is hut a small elevation above the line of the water; the ground upon which the city is built is but slightly undulatory — indeed, so nearly a level plain that the drainage of much of the city is exceedingly defective, the rains remaining oidy to be removed by evaporation and absorption. The island is composed of shingle, with the contributions of the rivers entering the bay. In conjunction, to some extent, with the Brazos river below, these contributions from the sea and land, in the process of the emergence of the island, have left much of the formation loose and readily permeable by the waters falling upon the surface, and in this exists one of the exceedingly objectionable sanitary features of the city's location, as the putrifiable matters accumulating within the limits of the city are held in suspension by the rains so as to enter tin; soil and become an accumulation of filth just beneath the surface, while the water disappears in the sea line below. Cistern water, however, is relied upon for household use in the entire city. An unguarded water line lies along most of the city front, a part of this being an unimproved flat, exposing at low tide much objectionable matter. The streets immediately receding from the water front were laid out at an early period in the growth of the city, and bear the usual character of imperfect drainage, being built over a tract of low ground, a portion of which was a marsh and subject to tidal overflow, and include much of the present business portion of the city. The improvements in this section of the city are exceedingly objectionable in a sanitary point of view ; while near the central portion of the city is a considerable extent of unimproved Hat, difficult of crossing in wet weather; this connects by an offensive drain with a pond of water also within the city, the receptacle of much filth, being the commencement of what is known as Hitchcock's bayou, along which lies, within the city, much low, unhealthy ground; this, to some considerable extent, has been filled in and improved. It will thus he seen that the location and sanitary condition of the city is such as to intensify epidemic causes. Bive transmitted, direct, meteorological registers for the year 18(57, which were furnished me by Dr. Greensville Dowell, of hospital. It will therein be seen that the months of May, June, and the early part of July, included a very considerable lin; the monthly meaji of the thermometer for June was 81.91°, with a wind force amounting in the total (three daily ions) for the month to but 69 ; the rain during the month was 4.30 inches. The monthly mean of the thermometer for July was 8.">.77 J , with a wind force of 93; the rain fall was the same as during June, 4. H0 inches. No interruption appears to have occurred to the continuously hot weather during either of the months, and there was an, almost equally continuous absence of any perceptible amount of wind force. I find the following remarks accompanying these observations, under date of June 25th: "Great deal of congestion of the brain; yellow fever all around." I judge these n.marks in reference to yellow fever purely unwarranted as to the prevalence of the disease. The introduction of yellow fever, as far as can be ascertained, occurred in the latter part of June. According to the census of the city assessor, taken about the Ist of June, the population numbered 23,9H*i ; of these 2,4151 were colored ; of the first class many had had the ¦:,-.•. but the larger proportion had been introduced since the war, and svere unacclimated. The first case I find noted, of the character of which lam satisfied, occurred at the city hospital : Nathan Elliott, admitted from the city June M&, had arrived at the city by a sailing vessel from New Orleans, where he had stopped two or three nights en route, (from Jackson, Mississippi,) and where yellow fever was reported to have been. Recovered. This case is said by Dr. Dowell, whom. l regard as excellent authority, to have been a well-marked, undoubted case of yellow fever. According to his own statement, this man was admitted to hospital fourteen days from the time he was in New Orleans. B second case reported at the city hospital, Benjamin Sproul, a deck hand on the steamer Whitelaw, of the Houston ) line, entered the hospital June 17th with syphilis; on the 30th, thirteen days subsequent to admission, and on the 9th ceding Elliott's admission, he was prostrated with yellow fever; hu had occupied a bed adjoining Elliott. Recovered. B third case, admitted to city hospital July Ist, was from the bark Crothers, from New York. Date of arrival of the une 4th ; cleared for Liverpool June 2Bth ; therefore, the case must have been admitted directly from the city. Recovered. By this time the epidemic influence seems fairly at work, but, as yet, in a mild form. Two more cases appear on tin; register of the city hospital as admissions of yellow fever, July sth. In the meantime a case had occurred on the 29th of June in the heart of the city, which had been seen by several physicians, in the person of a young German who had arrived by th<* steamship Harlan from Indianola, a town on the lower gulf line of the State, and but eighteen hours' distant from this city by steam communication. At Indianola the disease was at the time prevailing. Dr. Randall, of this city, had, on the 13th day of July, the fourteenth day succeeding the occurrence of this case, two additional cases — one a servant, the other a young lady at the house occupied by the young German, and who had been a good deal in the room with him. Here seems to have been one of the chief points of infection. Dr. Welch, of this city, says, referring to a period including the second week of July, "a few days after this, rumor was busy at work, and cases were reported in distant parts of the city having no apparent connection with each other." The first e;ise of yellow fever among the troops at the station appears to have occurred July Ist, in the case of Private CfawlM EL Cunningham, Company " E," 17th U. S. Infantry, on duty at District Headquarters, admitted to hospital July H, bat taken ill, he state", two days previous to admission. Recovered. The second case reported was Private Robert Burton, Company "I," 17th ('. S. Infantry, on duty at hospital ; first ill, M I can bestJearn, July Mj no date of admission appears, but lie is reported first in the list of cases of yellow fever for the month. Recovered, but subsequently died; death reported of yellow t'rvt-r; probably a relapsed case. Neither of the cases hen; mention. -d < ould have been absent from the city prior to the date of attack, while the soldier first mentioned can gift no account of any direct exposure through which he may have contracted the disease. Tim third cane was Private Eli Haven, Company " E,'' 17th \.S. Infantry, admitted to hospital July sth ; died July 9th. The fourth MM was Albert Huhbaum, Company '' E,' 1 17th (,'. S. Infantry, admitted to hospital July Hth ; died July 14th. The next case oecured, ;.fter an interval of five days, July ]'.'.t)\. Twelve cases appe;ir among the troops during the month, mid MM • lii/.i-n employe of the government ; total for the inon'li, IS, 84 Kvet Lieutenant Colonel George Taylor, BatfMa, V. S. A., cliicf medical ofleef of tlie district, was takw with yellow the Slat of the month. KristMl Surgeon Charles M. Kowe, I. S. A., remarks, in a report of sick and wounded of the post hospital far Urn moiitli. ¦ disease in witliout doubt epidemic in the city, hut has not as yet invaded the camp to any extent. The treatment of ises was extremely mild for the most part. It will thus he. seen that sporadic cases occurred early in the year, botlg i month earlier than I find mentioned for any previous year, including and succeeding the epidemic year of 196& The the disease, early in the epidemic under observation, was mild, not assuming a marked virulent character until toward c of July, or the first of the ensuing month; toward the close of the month of July the spread of the disease had become arming, while the history of the eiiHuing month shown the whole city stricken with the scourge. The entire number of troops in the city July Hist was, including those belonging to the post, Companies "E," "F," and "X," 17th U. S. Infantry, IS4] JWth IT. 8. Infantry, colored, 1; prisoners, 18 ; and those belonging to District Headquarters. which 1 estimate approximately at 38; making a total of troops present of 191. On the 19th of August 115 recruits of the 41st L\ S. Infantry, colored, were assigned to the post, and quartered, at first, in barrack accommodation ; afterward in small tents, in an excellent location, out from and near the line of the barracks,, and close upon the water line of the gulf. The regular troops of the post had excellent barrack accommodations. While the surface of the ground occupied by the barracks is low, and, with much of the surrounding locality, objectionable from this cause, yet the immediate vicinity of the open gulf, and the prevalence of the winds from off the sea line the year through, renders the location a comparatively healthy one. The water used is condensed, and also from cisterns. The number of cases reported among the troops for the month of August was a very large increase over the number reported for July. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel George Taylor, Surgeon, U. S. A., chief medical officer of the district, died on the sth of the month. " With deep regret the Brevet Major General Commanding announces the death"' of Colonel Taylor, since, in ths preceding year, he had been a member of his staff. Succeeding Colonel Taylor's death, able medical assistance from the city wan employed for the care of the troops. The second death among the troops occurred on the 10th; the third on the 10th. William S. Abert, Captain, 7th 11. S. Cavalry, and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, IT. S. A., of the staff of the commanding general, died August 2."> th, of yellow fever, having, almost immediately preceding his final sickness, placed the remains of Ml wife in the cemetery ground. Mrs. Abert had died of the prevalent fever. Mrs. J. T. Kirkman, wife of Lieutenant Kiukman, of the staff of the commanding general, died of the fever August 22d. Assistant Surgeon Charles 11. Kowe. V. S. A.. Surgeon in tfcofgt of the post, was taken with yellow fever August 24th. The city sexton's report of interments, which. I think, is not wholly reliable, but sufficiently so to be used as a general statement of deaths from yellow fever, for each third of the month, was, Is 1 , third, 1^; 2d third, 140; close of month, 2G2 ; additional to the deaths here mentioned are eight deaths marked "unknowji;" the larger number of these probably died of the prevalent fever; total interments for the month, ")re proceeding to the summary of the prevalence of the fever, I should speak of the hospital service, during nearly the lidemic season, of Hospital Steward Ernest Cauzler, U. S. A., who, unacclimated, had been placed on duty at the military for the epidemic, having arrived at the station on the 22d of July. On the sth of September he was prostrated, but early his duty. For a time, when all the medical officers of the army were ill, he was the only one of the department on duty. I should do injustice to pass over the name of Charles H. Weeks, Sergeant, Company " F," 17th 11. S. Infantry, who, unacclimated, voluntarily assumed, at an early period, the immediate duty of an acting hospital steward in the convalescent ward of the hospital and barracks in the city, only ending his faithful service with his life, dying of yellow fever at neaily the close of the epidemic. ¦close a summary of cases among the troops during the epidemic. The deaths given I find reported in the following date, including the date of admission : on the second day, 10; on the third day, 11 ; on the fourth day, 19) on the fifth on the sixth day, 11 ; on the seventh day, 6; on the eighth day, 3 ; on the ninth day, 7 ; on the tenth day, •$; on the day, 1 ; on the 12th day, 2; on the 13th day, 2; additional continued cases, 2; 'inknown, 5. Some of the dates given, g in quarters and through the city, are not entirely exact. The U. S. steiim revenue cutter Delaware (on duty in the harbor, but lying well off from the city, in excellent sanitary condition) lost 50 percent, of the commissioned officers who had the disease; but of a crew of forty-two enlisted men lost but one; and this death, lam informed, was consequent upon a relapse. All belonging to the ship, witli one exception, had the fever. ¦I first interment among the Hebrews of the city was made .July 30th. The percentage of deaths among them was about As a class, they were very largely unacclimated ; more died of those direct from Europe, in proportion, than of those from hern states whose first season south it was; of the deaths twenty-nine were males and three females ; no children. I enclose, for the information of the department, a statement of cases of yellow fever in the hospitals of the city during the epidemic. First, Island City Hospital, under the charge of Dr. Greensville Dowell. I have taken this from the published report of the hospital. Second, Charity Hospital, under the supervision of the Sisters of Charity, the report of which is furnished mi- liy I >r. James Xagle, managing Surgeon. Of the three Sisters first engaged in the organization of this hospital, all had arrived in the year from Europe; all took the fever; one, the Sister Superior, died. Bo thousand and twenty-six cases were relieved by the Howard Association during the epidemic, including all applications, d to have been yellow fever casts. A small proportion of these, however, no doubt, were cases passing through the 1 who were suffereis from the epidemic. The estimate of the number of cases of yellow fever for the entire city during the epidemic (troops and civilians) approximates nine thousand. This, making a deduction of the colored portion of the population, and of the whites remaining in the city who had previously had the disease, would leave a small margin, including persons entirely escaping at'uck. Of the total of cases IMN Liven, the mortality may be estimated at II per cent. The army suffered severely in proportion to its iMbvrfMH The infection chiefly spread at the barracks iti the months of August and September, a period including the most malignant portion of the epidemic. Again, it is to be remembered that those of the army were men almost wholly unacclimated. In the mental depression that witm-Bsed so many falling around them is evidenced another fact tending to increase the mortality. 1 may here MMji of the work of the Howard Association, who, while the terrible scourge was prostrating the heart of the city and decimating its population, laboriously, zealously extended help and comfort in the want and sorrow of the almost pulseless city. Tons of the army they extended warm sympathy, and at all times gave their assistance promptly when it was a-k'-d. On our own account, I can hardly say too much in their behalf. Mr. Yard, president of the association, has given me much aid in procuring material relating to the course of the epidemic The epidemic was MM of the most sweeping that has occurred in the history of the city, becoming especially virulent, as has U-.-i, -¦«•!!. toward the close of the month of July; at this date, and until toward the latter month of the epidemic, the tendency of the fatal cases was to death by MMJMttM of the brain. In the last month, however, the disease.assunied its more ordinary characteristics, expending its force usually upon the digestive organs, and the tendency was to death, attended with black vomit. Thirty or thirty-three per cent, of the fatal cases of the first part of the epidemic may he estimated to have been attended with .1 congestion, death usually occurring within twelve hours after the supervention <,f the cerebral symptoms; in ma:iy iiixtanien death succeeded tlie appearance of such symptoms much more speedily. In the fatal cases attended with black vomit, death was apt to occur within 12 or 24 hours after this condition presented ; not iiiit'ii-rjueiitly a ImMT period intervened ; this was not, however, considered necessarily a fatal symptom. All ages and MXM appear to have been equally Hiwceptible of attack, though among children, to the age of twelve years, the disease was almost ill I ifi I I le»*H viriilefif I dfiiibt ib'it tb»» 'ivcr-l''e i>* 1 1 * ¦ 1 1 iitm n*r 1 1 ¦ vvi II «• yi*i*«*( I fiv/c i i»r cent 'I'liiwiiii i < i*- fii*n n rt ¦ lit*/ 86 ¦ ODm was very greatly in favor of the females. The cases of tlieae wore, as a rule, MOM tractable and greatly modified in A peculiar manifestation of tin; epidemic wan that those of this class who were in parturition were among the moat ¦ ("ISCS. I' have had yellow fever in a previous epidemic, I am quite well satisfied, proved a most reliable guarantee against inf. <¦- thin. I recall no secondary case, in my acquaintance with physicians of the city, of which there was undoubted proof of aeter; on Ihe contrary, two of these gentlemen of high standing in their profession, and who individually MMONMd a rge city practice in the epidemic, MW no secondary case of yellow fever which they knew to be such. One of tin se gamhas been engaged in a general practice in the city much of the period since the epidemic of 1H.">:?, and assures me that he known a recurrence of the disease. Entire immunity did not belong to persons who bad supposed themselves to have ell acclimated by long residence in the city. In approaching the ground of the communicability of the disease, as evidenced by the epidemic, I do so with the more h>-.-i-tation, because my observations include but a portion of the time under observation. On the Mh of .September, while at the Austin station, 250 miles interior, a healthy limestone section with an altitude of 880 feet, Prisoner Higgings was admitted to the hospital under my charge. While waiting proper accommodation, he had, at one of the hospital tents occupied by other patients, the characteristic vomiting of yellow fever, and was quite yellow after death. No additional case resulted from this ; the proper local condition for the dissemination of the disease was not present. In proceeding to this city, in my change of station. I was obliged to pass through infected dis ricts in which the disease was very fatal ; and, again, iirmy subsequent hospital service here and continuous residence in the city, I remained exempt from infection. lam also informed of other and similar cases. Of the Hebrews in the city, some twelve, I learn, escaped the disease. It is true that yellow fever is one of the most searching of epidemics, yet, while cases of exemption were few, no fact was more apparent than that weeks of almost daily exposure to the disease might transpire before the culmination of the exposure in attack. Again, the person who passed freely among cases of the disease was, perhaps, the one to be entirely or longest exempted. I must, therefore, regard the disease as communicable rather by atmospheric condition; by infection, in contradistinction to direct contagion. I am cognizant of no fact of interest occurring during the epidemic relating to the transportability of the disease. I nay refer to one fact: the l\ S. steam revenue cutter Delaware coaled at the city August SM; further communication with the city was endeavored to be cut off, .as the ship lay some three miles out in the inner roads, ) other than to receive the marketing and mail by the cutter of the ship at a point well out from the city ; the water used was condensed on shipboard. However, on or about the '24th of August, yellow fever appeared on the ship, a period of twenty-two days after arriving at the city. I think, however, the fact is an imperfect one, as it appears quite probable, allowing infection to have been escaped by other means, that the disease was introduced by the material taken up with the coal in the first part of the It is worthy of note that iti the counties of Kefugio, Matagorda, Brazoria, and Wharton, lying within the coast range of the infection, the disease did not occur. Neither of these counties includes any very frequented route of travel a f any period, and they are especially unfrequented during the epidemic season. At the town of Matagorda, the seaport and entrance of the county of Matagorda, strict quarantine was enforced, entirely excluding the disease. (Quarantine was also enforced at Hrazoria and Columbia, in Hrazoria county, the inhabitants of the towns escaping infection. At Columbus, lying on one of the interior routes of travel from this city and directly within the line of the epidemic, an imperfect quarantine was established. The disease occurred in the town, but, lam informed, at so late a date a* not to be alarming. On the other hand, 'it Hastrop, a healthy oWfMoi interior town of considerable importance, the fever did not prevail as an epidemic, although caaei- occurred; yet it maybe said that continuous communication was kept up with the contiguous town of La Grange, where the epidemic prevailed in an exceedingly malignant form. Again, I quote from an article on the epidemic by Dr. Welch, of this city : '¦ It is worthy of mention, that among our large 1 population resident in the open prairie beyond the limits of the city from two to eight miles, although there were ii number of cases, not less than lf> or 90, contracted by persons visiting the city, not a single instance occurred in which the disease was communicated from the sick to the well." In neither of the last-mentioned instances were the proper local conditions for the dissemination of the disease present. I have noted above cases referring to the period preceding the development of the fever after entering the range of infection, and here give other instances: Sergeant James McArdle, Company " F," 17th Infantry, in charge of a detachment on duty with the BONM of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands at Matagorda, a place, as I have above stated, free from infection, returned to his company at Galveston on the morning of the 2'M of September, having, off Saluria, boarded one of the Morgan line of steamers (plying between Indianola and this city) at noon on the preceding day; on the afternoon of the l>t of ( Mpber he was prostrated with yellow fever. Private John Collins, of the same detachment, who returned at the same time with McArdle, was taken on the morning of the 27tU of September; both were in good health at the time of their arrival in this city. Here was an interval preceding the development of the fever in the first case of nine days, in the second case of five days; or even allowing the first exposure to have been on board Urn steamer, it could only increase the length of time eighteen hours. Another case, which I have from Mr Hriggs. one of th • directors of the Howard Association, had been absent from the city on Chocolate bayou, (where, Mr. JSriggs says, there certainly was no fever,) returned to the city, and in four days was pro.-trated with yellow fever. Rnk the period of'incubation varies much in proportion to the surrounding sanitary condition and healthy habits of life rson exposed, and serious violations of hygienic principles are very likely to be visited by an early attack; indeed, the r the epidemic in this city shows that the infection lirst displayed its force in those sections of the city where, from • condition of the tenements, their foul location, and the presence of a high degree of heat, such a triple combination | would be expected, under any circumstances, to depress and destroy healthy action. The department is informed of the sanitary precautions and protective course pursued among the troops at lireiiham, Texas*, where the disease was very virulent. I may mention a somewhat similar protective course pursued successfully by some unac.iimated persons in this city, which 1 have from the president of the Houard Association. These persons MN in the ,-ity 87 • ¦the entire season, taking a small quantity, frequently, of an acidulated (acid sulphuric) solution of quinine, with an ial slight quantity of spirits of nitiic ether. Of eleven persons who used this, all escaped infection. In both instances above cd the course must have been proniotive of a healthy condition of the system. .So these facts go fur to establish the c that a healthy system is, in a large measure, a guarantee against infection. Among my cases occurring among the troops, I find the paroxysm of fever preceded by the premonitory symptoms of a day or two in duration, the patient complaining of feeling unwell, but endeavoring to continue his duty; or, again, being well until about the time of being taken with the chill with which the paroxysm of fever usually made its appearance; the chill was accompanied with or succeeded almost invariably by pah in the head, neck, and back; pulse 120; tongue furred at the centre, moist, and with scarlet eJges, or, perhaps, somewhat pale; again, near the point and edges, the pipillffi projected through the light coating; the eyes frequently injected; thirst extreme. Early in the disease the stomach and bowels were, as a rule, not affected to any extent. I have, howner, seen the stomach excessively irritable from the first. In severe cases the nervous anxiety and the restlessness early in the paroxysm of fever was excessive; thif, in the progress of the case, was succeeded by a want of mental restraint, resembling a mild form of mania, the patient not realizing his danger, thinking himself capable of much exertion, and impatient of restraint, yet committing the most preposterous acts. I have witnessed, at an early period of the disease, livid, dark, crimson edges of the tongue, exhibiting imperfect aeration of the blood, and. in severe cases, indicating the approach of dissolution. This I recall in the case of Brevet Major .Swart wont, whose death was one of the most remarkable I witnessed, from the gradual approach of dissolution, retaining his mental faculties until toward the close of his sickness. The paroxysm of fever in the cases under my observation continued, as a rule, from 4ri to 72 hours. Comparatively few of my cases had suppression of urine. I ascribe this more especially, however, to the use of chlorate of potash in my treatment. Ido not recall a case, in which the use of this was continuous, that this symptom presented. With convalescence almost invariably commenced (at the period of the patient's first going into the open air) a desquamation of the entire cuticle, making the course of recovery to the patient quite uncomfortable by the attending pruritus. At the military hospital for the epidemic, the ward occupied was large, «ould be well ventilated, and obtain in its entire extent the prevalent breeze directly from off the open gulf. The ward was with much care disinfected with diluted carbolic acid. 1 found, in trying to obtain proper ventilation, much direction of the nurses was required in order to secure fresh air without draft directly upon the patients. During much of the period of the epidemic the department had employed acclimated civilian nurses, at a large rate of compensation. Some of the men employed were excellent nurses in individual capacity ; but had I again a similar hospital chnrge, I should prefer, in the care of a large ward, acclimated — could these be obtained — reliable enlisted men of the army, under the direction of capable, faithful wardmasters; and I think I should find in such a corps better discipline and attention than civilians would give, who are necessarily men employed for but a limited period. During the earlier part of the epidemic several men of the command voluntarily entered the hospital for the epidemic as attendants; these men were uiificclimati'd; such devotion to duty is worthy of highest praise. The course of treatment pursued was, in general terms, intended to modify and control the disease in its course. In any complication the treatment which clinical experience has indicated was modified by a knowledge of the characteristics of this epidemic. Could the patient live over seven days suli!-equent to the attack, his recovery was, as a rule, established. The general course of treatment pursued at the hospital differed somewhat with the physician. The course of Dr. Moray, of the city, was directed to making the covering of the patient comfortable, and yet using, during the active fever of the first paroxysm, sufficient covering to keep up the action of the skin. At first the mustard foot-bath and the efficient use of castor oil, restricting the use of the foot-bath to the period of the chill, or the early period. Subsequently the following : sulphate of magnesia, one ounce and v half; tartrate of antimony and potassa, one grain; diluted sulphuric acid, half a drachm; distilled water, ten fluid ounces — mix. Take one fluid ounce at a dose, (iiven in the first paroxysm to moderate febrile action — more or less a purgative, according to use — preferring, if the patients were of a full system, to reduce them freely and actively, in order to avoid tendency to local congestion. After the bowels had been moved, the following was given: infusion of linseed, one pint; tincture of hyoscyamus and chloric ether, of each, two fluid drachms — mix. Dose: a tablespoonful frequently repeated, almost M frequently as the patient desired to use it. Bf the severity of the first part of thu attack had passed, the above-mentioned magnesia mixture was used as an I laxative, or as required by the condition of patients, combined, if there was costiveness mid torpid secretions, with and chalk and a sufficient purgative. During the earlier stages of the attack the mildest diet should be adhered to, tie cool water, without ice. Dr. Dowel]"?, general course of treatment was somewhat at variance with tin; above. In ihe earlier part of the attack, if the bowels had been moved, he used the mild chloride of mercury in combination with sulphate of quinine and Dover's powder, nine grains of each, divided into three powders; one to be taken wi-ry three hours. If the fever was high, skin dry, tincture of aconite with spirits of i. Uric ether was in favorite use. Small quantities of ice, ice water, and iced lemonade were frequently given (each time a small amount.) Nourishment, from an early p» riod in the febrile paroxysm, was given, as a rule, first in the form of mucilaginous drinks, to be quite early followed by a much more liberal use of food. Bwn prefeifiice was for the early use of the mild chloride of mercury, succeeded, when the stomach was sufficiently by the free purgative ilHei 1H e of castor oil; subsequently the action of the mercury, and almost invariably the chlorate of small amounts, when the condition of the stomach would permit. I cannot speak very favorably of Mie use of quinine. In my own course I early discontinued the u.-e of i|iiinine in combination with blue mass, and think the nourishment of the patient may well be extremely light until the system has passed through the earlier part of the attack, and then it requires to be guarded. Yet I have seen injurious results in allowing the patient to become exhausted from the continued want of requisite nourishment. Had Ito decide as to the use of ice or ice water to relieve thirst, I should use. only the latter-, as a rule, pleasantly cool, and only in a small amount at a time. If there was determination to the head or stomach, Dr. Dowell preferred cups and the use of blisters. Dr. Moran judged the use of injections 88 to produce nervous excitement of the patient in this disease is to be carefully guarded against. If vomiting wiw present after the febrile paroxysm panned, both of the following prescriptions were efficacious. Of the first, used in the practice of Dr. Dowel!, I must speak in especial commendation : Brandy and distilled water, of each, two fluid ounces; creasote, twenty drops; sulphate of morphia, £ a grain — mix. Dose: a tablespoonful every two hours, or after each attack of vomiting, if not too frequently repeated. In the service of Dr. Moran the second was used, which I think worthy of trial : acetate of lead, six grains; acetic acid, one fluid drachm; distilled water, one fluid ounce — dissolve. DoM! tablcspoonfu 1 every fifteen or twenty minutes if the vomiting was excessive; otherwise at a longer interval, or only after vomiting. In addition, camphor and ice were applied over the larynx, to relieve hiccup, which almost invariably preceded the characteristic vomiting of tin; disease. Ice with turpentine, used in the same manner, proved valuable. Dr. Dowell, in his practice, speaks well of the use of five to ten grains of oxalate of cerium ; and also favorably of the valerianate of bismuth in order to produce sleep and allay restlessness. Where the patient tolerated the use, I have used the t;ubnitrate of bismuth in sedative doses to allay vomiting after the paroxysm of fever, but MM with sufficient satisfaction to speak favorably of it. lam able in my practice to speak of the very prompt and beneficial action of the spirits of nitric ether used by the rectum in suppression of urine when the stomach would not tolerate the use. To allay restlessness after the febrile paroxysm had passed, I have used as an injection, and I think with good result, extract of valerian, one fluid drachm, and oil of turpentine, i a fluid drachm, combined and given in starch water. In extreme nervous excitement the extract of hyoscyamus, with pulverized camphor and extract of valerian, is an excellent combination for an injection. In convalescence I used, to quite an extent, the infusion of cinchona; if the patient was much reduced, brandy or porter was in favorite use at the hospital. I had but one patient whom I bled, (a man of full system,) which I did to remove commencing convulsions; the case, however, resulted fatally. lam cognizant of the advantageous use of the lancet, and with the most happy effect in the commencement of the attack where the nervous excitement was greatly exalted, attended with much irritability of the stomach. Negroes, in the fever wards, progressed most favorably under abundant nourishment, with morphine to stimulate them and obtund sensation. A prominent endeavor, on the part of the physician in this disease, should be to obtain control of the mind of his patient. It is true that while a calm, hopeful mind will do much in the way of recovery, its opposite may be one of the most alarming conditions, preventing and thwarting every labor and hope of the physician. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. BACON. Jr., Assistant Suryeon, and Brevet Major, U. S. A. Brevet Major General J. K. Barnks, Sunjeon General. 12 89 90 EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL REPORTS Tiililcs :i|i|H'iKlci»oi I of Brevet Major C Bacon, jr. 1. SUMMARY OF CASES OF YELLOW FEVER AT THE POST OF GALVESTON, TEXAS, DURING 1867. Bum Men, white Troops. Enlisted Men, Colored TROors. Government Employes. Grand Total. COMMIS'NKK Taken sick. Recovered. DM Tuken sick. Recovered. Died. D Taken sick. ! Recovered. Died. « J x 1867. : , ¦ — — || | | **9 111 .... U 7 .... 7 2.... 2 1 .... 1 ' ... 13 I 7 All »- r " st 3 ¦ | t>-> 8 70 10 1 11 15 .... 15 2 .... 2 1 ... 1 1 ---- 1 4 ---• 4 3 .... 3 7!) 18 17 September 6 8 3 !•!? 11 109 59 3 62 48 7 55 I 2 .... 2 1 .... 1 1 ---- 1 7 »--¦ 4 ---- 4 4 .... 4 124 63 69 Ootob " 321|11112 26 3 29 7 .... 7 1 .... 1 1 .... 1 '....' I 1 .... IICB 33 XovemWr ' r ... | 1 7 ' 6 13 1 x ...I I. I|lj 14 Total 13 7 6 182 M M 109 13 ! 122 73 • 7 80 5 ... 5 3 3 2 2 12 12! 8 8 4 4 M ¦ 140 1 1 _J !I__ LJ ! Ratio of deaths per 100 39.G5. Xo IK. — The above table contains 3 casts :iiul 1 death of white troops more than table 2, piipe 71, which latter is believed to be correct, beinp compiled from the actual list of names jfiven by Assistant Surjreon Cronkhite. •2. BUMMABT OF YELLOW FEVEB CASES IN GALVESTON CITY, AND CHARITY HOSPITALS, DURING 1867. S Admitted. Recovered. Died. Grand Total. .. EriDEMic 1867. | • ¦ | | 1= Remarks. C~c = « = cs3osScoo oca Island City hospital 495 31 536 496 30 526 350 25 375 146 5 151 526 375 151 28.51 Five cases of colored Charity hospital 241 241 199 34 8 241 14-2 26 168 65 8 73 241 168 73 30.29 died out of 31 cases. U. S. A. Post Hospital, G.wa kston, Tkxas, April 17, 1868. Gknkkai,: In response to your communication of the 11th instant, inquiring an to the uumher of citizens wlio died of yellow fever in this city in the epidemic of 1807, I have the honor to enclose the city sexton's report of interments from July 27th to November 11th, inclusive, a period including most of the epidemic. The summary of the record* I enclose estimates the 1,134 interments to have beeti of yellow fever. For the period reported, it is impossible to obtain an entirely accurate estimate. Yellow fever is known to have been in the city since the preceding month of June. The sexton furnishes me with a list of 14 interments of yellow fever, and one of jaundice, for July, not including enlisted men of the army. This increases the number for the period reported to 1,149; to this, I judge, may be added in July and in the latter portion of the epidemic — say 50 to 70 deaths from yellow fever, incorrectly reported as due to congestion of the brain, inflammation of bowels, and miasmatic and typho-malarial fevers. Not only was cerebral congestion one of the prominent characteristics of the epidemic, but also the tendency to other local determinations is well known to be, in this disease, influenced by the peculiar health and habits of the system of the person attacked. And, again, in the presence of a sweeping epidemic, almost all sickness more or less partake* of the type of the prevalent disease. If we estimate 15 deaths from yellow fever for the close of the epidemic not given in report, we obtain a total of 1,234, which, less 5 officers and 49 soldiers, leaves 1,180 deaths of civilians. Besterday mailed to Colonel Webster my report of the epidemic, in which I had collected considerable material of interest to the rise and course of the fever in the city. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, C. BACON, Jk.. Assistant Suryeon, and Brevet Major, U. S. A. Brevet Brigadier General T. A. McPaklin, U. 8. A., Medical Director >)th Military District, Sew Orleans, La VICTORIA, TEXAS. Victoria, Tkx.vs, September 24. 18(57. KJKKAL : I have the honor to report, in compliance with circular order, the first case of yellow fever at this post of which, ly, I have any knowledge. The patient was T H. Leeds, quartermaster's agent at this place. He is now under treatm«, progressing favorably. Kith of troops, under existing circumstances, most favorable. Every precaution has been adopted to enforce a strict police. No communication allowed between the troops and the citizens of the town. I am hopeful in believing that I will not have any yellow fever cases in military hospital. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, JOHN RIDGELY, Aetklg Assistant Surf/eon, U. S. A. Brevet Major General Joseph K. Baunks, Sur. 1887. Major : I have the honor herewith to transmit special reports of yellow fever at Victoria. Texas, lor September and October, 18(17. • Tin- names and military history of the men I am unable to give. Having e.ily a detachment hospital. BO KOOVi is kept except the morning report and prescription l.ook. I have applied to headuuart.rs of the regi nt at San Antonio. Texas. f..i the information ; but as so much time has elapsed since the report was overdue, I send without it. I would respectfully state that I reported for duty at Victoria August -JT.h. at which ti., mst cnllictintr reports w, re prevailing as to the .xi,!, ..«•«¦ of yellow fever in the town. Necessarily much occupied with my official duties, having a large 91 sick call of endemic diseases, I had neither time to make a diligent inquiry, nor did I wish to subject myself to the personal discourtesy which, as a federal officer, I would have received, even when laboring in such a service. Finding that my views of the advent of that deadly scourge, yellow fever, conflicted widely with the opinions of those higii m rank and power, and not having either health or mental ability now to urge them, I would respectfully say, in conclusion, that I know of no spec fie treatment for yellow fever. On the other haud, I would be understood to say that, to my own knowledge, too much met'ication has been resorted to, and that quinine has been used to such an extent as to become a poisonous agent. In no other way can 1 account for the mortality in Victoria. There, lam told, persons ranged before the counter of *he apothecary ranks deep, the prescription being the same — 30 grains quinine, 10 pills. * * * * # . # # # # # # * # •# g placed the sick man in a hot bath enveloped in blankets ; had him supported therein till he became faint, and then removed ; gave him 30 to 60 grains of quinia, with 10 grains of bismuth ; in two hours a mercurial purge; allaying irritability stomach by mustard sinapisms, (mustard that would act,) with 8-gram doses of bismuth, lime-water and milk together, range to say, beef essence, which I found to be the most effective itgent. I have used the bisulphite, of soda with marked i. Mrs. Luthrop was treated with it by me. In conclusion, I would, with all due deference, say that there are cases in which all human interference avails nothing. Such was the case of the late Brevet Major S. H. Lathrop. With every consideration, I have the honor to be your obedient servant, JOHN RIDGELY, Acting Aumntant Suryeon, U. 8. A. Brevet Major C. BACON, Jr., Chief Medical Officer District of Teraa SeimiWlCk Hospital, Grkknvii.li:, La., January 10, 18(58. LGtanOUL! I have the honor to present the following statement, in lieu of the report forwarded to the chief medical officer "ict of Texas. len I reported for duty at the temporary post of Victoria, Texas, (August 23d, 18G7.) I found a great state of excitement, M upon a report which the physicians of the town had made, that yellow fever was prevailing aH an epidemic. Conflicting ts prevailed, both as to the truth of the report and tiie origin of the disease. As for myself, knowing none of the us of the place, and not wishing to subject myself to discourtesy by asking questions of strangers, I have no definite ge as to the prevailing opinion of its origin in Victoria, but believe that the disease was introduced from Indianolfi, Texas. Being occupied in consolidating the men, getting them out of the weather, (as it was raining continually,) and establishing a detachment hospital, and not having any assistance, no soldier in the command being qualified to act as hospital steward, every moment of my time was taken up from the time I reported until I was taken sick ; therefore, I know nothing but from hearsay testimony, and that of a conflicting character, as to the history of the first cases of yellow fever in the town of Victoria. As to my own men who were taken sick with the disease, the first, second, and fourth on the list had been treated by me for remittent fever for a considerable time; they were convalescent from that disease when attacked with yellow fever, but still inmate* of the hospital. Meyers was on detail duty at the commanding officer's quarters, sleeping over a stable in a log-house in the rear of the quarters— a most unhealthy locality. I had broken up this place, but, as the discipline was lax, several of the men would resort there. C'righton was detached as baker, employed in the town, and was taken sick there. Paradise, being a Hebrew, had permission to attend the Jewish New Year festival, and was taken sick while absent. Nelson was detached as clerk at Major Lathrop's quarters, and was taken sick in town. Moore and Colter were hospital attendants. Colter was taken sick in my quarters while acting as nurse to me. Good had just returned from Halletsville. Downing had been sleeping, contrary to my order, in the aforementioned log-house. The two last cases were of a highly malignant character. ¦ipeared to me that the epidemical influences were greater with the citizens of Victoria than with Dm troops, and that, among r, the influences were endemic. Beyond a doubt, yellow fever prevailed in the town of Victoria as an epidemic, and so he citizens ; but with the troops the disease was modified or changed by endemic influences, those soldiers who had been or remittent and intermittent fevers escaping, or having the disease of a mild type; whereas two of the fatal cases had in to sick call until taken with yellow fever. Bnld respectfully state that I know of no specific treatment for yellow fever. On the other hand, I would be understood it, to my knowledge, too much medication has been resorted to, and that quinia has been used to such an extent as to poisonous agent. In no other way can I account for the great mortality among the citizens of Victoria. P-ss one takes into consideration the different characters the disease assumes in different localities, and even in each case, and does not allow himself to be mUUi bj resorting to medication for every vagrant symptom that may present h«[ better leave the sick man to nature. ;md the disease, for by so doing the struggle will be more equable. In most of my cases abortive treatment was Bftd ; v\h.ther the result was from that treatment or otherwise, I cannot say. I have the honor to l>e, with great respect, your obedient servant, JOHN RIDGELY, A'tini/ Annuitant Sari/ton, U. S. A. JW.-vef Bri^a.'iei til Til T. A. Mcl'aim.in, 92 <.oi i \i>. ii;\ah Laki: Tuimdad, TwXAM, Afriltß, 1868. Kik: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of March 24th, 18(58, relative to the yellow fey. r at Goliad, Texaß. The presence of the fever at Goliad was, in my opinion, MMafMMI BJMI intercom-He with the i.eighboring town of Victoria, 2H inileH distant, where the disease prevailed some time previous to any cases occurring in G< Had. Heretofore, when the disease has existed on the coast, and in some of the interior towns, Goliad has been exempt. No local cause, I think, produced the yellow fever in Goliad. It is v place noted for health, and situated on high ground, with no swamps or stagnant water for several miles around. Communication between Goliad and Victoria was uninterrupted during the prevalence of the epidemic at the latter place, and many refugees resorted to Goliad to escape the disease. The disease existed in Goliad about three weeks before the troops were attacked. In consequence of the fever making its appearance in the town, a quarantine was established, allowing no soldiers to leave camp or citizens to visit there. The camp was situated about a quarter of a mile from the town. About one-ninth of the entire population wen; attacked, and there were about twenty-five deaths among the citizen*. The comparatively few cases among the troops was, I think, in consequence of the rigid quarantine enforced. Very respectfully, your obedient servant. COLUMBUfi J. WHITE, .i'->iii. A. Brevet Major General J. K. Bakxkh, Sim/con (h-.ntrnl. HOUSTON, TEXAS Houston, Tkxan. N^mmitrW, 1*67. The following statement in regard to the first appearance and subsequent progress of yellow fever, as it occurred at this post during the months of September, October, and November, 1867. is respectfully submitted : The first cases of yellow fever in the city of Houston were brought from Galveston in the second week off August, wliere the disease was at that time prevailing epidemically. The number of new cases gradually increased from this time forth till about the '-iOth of August, when the fever was declared epidemic. The first case of yellow fever among the troops at this post Mwmd on September 7th, terminating fatally on the 11th by the supervention of a violent congestive chill. This was the case of Private Matthew Hale, Company ''!),'' 17th U. S. Infantry, who had for some weeks been employed M teamster, and w;is consequently compelled to visit the city daily for drinking water and other purposes. Urevet Colonel J. D. O'Connell, I. S. A.. Major 17th IT. S. Infantry, commanding this post, who was at that time residing with his family at the Hutchius House, in this city, was attacked by the fever September 19th, and died September 16th. Mrs. O'Connell took the fever on September 1 :tt li, and died on the morning of the llitli. Captain Lyman 11. Warren. U. S. A., commanding Company "<'." 17th I. S. Infantry, was taken with the fever on September 15th, and died at an early hour on the MOVniag of the 18th, having ejected during the night large quantities of black vomit. During the month of September the fever made but slow progress among the troop-*, l."> cases occurring in all, af which number 5 died. On the 30th of September there remained under treatment 4 cases, all of whom died during the tir*t week of October. In October, however, the fever made rapid progress, 54 cases occurring, 10 W whom died. On the 31st of October there .emaincd under treatment 7 cases; 2 new cases occurred on November Ist and 3d, respectively, all off whom recovered. There occurred in all 71 cases. 'J5 of whom died. The extreme virulence of the prevailing epidemic influence — the fact that all our men were entirely umicclimated — the impossibility of effectually establishing complete non-intercourse of the men with the inhabitants of the city— the prevalence of the violent north winds during the greater part of September and October, to which our camp, otherwise very favorably situat d. was exposed — and the unfortunate circumstance that so many of our convalescents, in spite of all our endeavors to prevent it. clandestinely managed to procure for themselves improper articles ot diet, in which they imprudently and voraciously indulged, thereby causing relapse, which proved to be much more severe and fatal than the original attacks— all these causes c< ml.im d is» far to account for the heavy mortality among this command during the past epidemic. The general sanitary condition of the troops composing this command before yellow fever became epidemic in the city m very satisfactory, no death '.uving occurred during the year; and, with the exception of the months of July anil August, when an increase of intermittent mid bilious remittent fever cases was observed, there was but very little sickn >ss at any time iti the command. As soon as yellow fever was known to exist in Galwstuii. we had -very MM to MMT fll:lt •' would also soon make its MjMIMH here; and as our old e;inip wms at that time on the north side af the Huffaloiiayou, exposed to the generally prevailing south winds, sweeping over the entire extent of the city, anil as it had been proved by the experience Off previous epidemics that the mortality bad invariably been much heavier in the northern portion of the city fli:m el>e\\lic iv. I advised Colonel O'Connell, commanding the post, to move the camp, for obvious hygienic lIMOM, to the extrei MtWU DOrifcMl off the city limits. Colonel O'Connell coinciding with me, our OMDp w;i> MCOrdtngty moved dining the latter pint ..t July, particular attention being p;iid in selecting favorably situated grounds, where we :,lso had the MJTMrtagW ol Mag able t.. Obtain readily I suitable building for the-purpose of establishing a hospital therein, in MM it should be nece.-stiry M do .-„. 93 Having stated that the generally prevailing winds were from south to north, I would here observe, that during September and October, contrary to the general rule, the prevailing winds were from the reverse direction. In order to attain the highest possible hygienic standard in the command, all due attention was paid to the rigid enforcement of every sanitary measure known and attainable. The entire extent of our camp ground was thoroughly policed daily ; large fires of pine wood and tar were made night] vat various points around and inside of the camp ; the different disinfectants were freely used about the sinks, kitchens, &c, and doses of quinine and whiskey dealt out to every man in the command regularly every morning and evening as a prophylactic against general miasmatic infection. Colonel O'Connell, anticipating the outbreak of the epidemic, sought and got permission from Headquarters District of Texas to employ, in that event, more medical help ; and as no medical officers could be obtained from the department in order to render such temporary aid at this post, he authorized me to make arrangements with an acclimated citizen physician, well acquainted with the pathology and treatment of yellow fever, to act as my assistant during the prevalence of the epidemic among our troops, with the understanding that he should consent to be in constant attendance with our sick in camp, day and night, until the epidemic had entirely subsided. Such an agreement I accordingly made with Dr. J. W. Daniel, of Houston, who entered on the discharge of his duties September 19th, and continued to attend our sick, in conjunction with me, and under my special supervision, until November 20th, when, nearly all our men being able to return to duty, his services were no longer needed. The yellow fever, as it prevailed among the troops stationed here, was essentially the same as I observed it among the citizen population of Houston, in its prevailing tendency to assume the intermittent and congestive type, complicated frequently during its course by haemorrhages from the nose, stomach, and anus. Among the citizens of Houston the same well-marked peculiarity in the manifestation of the past epidemic was observed that was noticed in Galveston and New Orleans, distinguishing the cpidt mic of this year most essentially from previous ones by its most sweeping and universal character, no class of the population being able to claim the least immunity from its ravages. Heretofore the majority of the most experienced members of the iii'dir il profession practising in yellow fever districts firmly l>elieved that the fever rarely, if ever, would a second time attack the person that undoubtedly had it before ; that people residing for a long time in yellow fever districts were much less liable to its attacks than newcomers from places where it was never known to have occurred ; and that small children, born and raised in fever districts, as well as colored people, were nearly exempt from its ravages, or, in case they did take it, experienced generally but very light attacks. P experience of the last epidemic has most incontrovertibly proved the utter fallacy of these tenets, as a great many are known of persons having the fever this year a second time; and of others, claiming to be perfectly acclimated, quite severely and dying of it; and of numbers of children and colored people suffering severe attacks of it with fatal Bsidering the great virulence of the prevailing epidemic this year, it is no matter of surprise that all of our soldiers, tirely unacclimated, should have taken it, with the exception of eleven. During the first five months of this year very cm-ss prevailed in Houston and vicinity ; in June and July, however, a great number of bilious remittent and intermittent es occurred, with a well-marked tendency to assume a pernicious and congest've character. That the first cases of yellow fever observed in Houston occurred in persons that contracted the disease in Galveston is proved beyond doubt; but it is quite as certain that on account of the excessively muddy and filthy condition of the city and all its streets, caused by the long-continued rainy season during May and June, and the utter negligence on the part of fhfl city authorities to attend to proper drainage and the removal of the accumulated filth from the streets, gutters, and yards, together with the unusually high range of the thermometer during July, August, and September, there was cause enough for the epidemic influence, once brought here, to take root and spread. As soon as the fever became epidemic in the city, the post quartermaster of this station, Lieutenant Win. M. Van Homeupon my recommendation, rented a building close to our camp, which I immediately fitted up as a hospital for yellow (••ver patients, and had my three hospital tents pitched in the rear of it for the accommodation of the convalescents. Having, by ii'-ii-s.-ity, to meet the approach of the grim visitor, every precautionary measure that hygienic knowledge and experience could MggMl was, if possible, more rigidly than ever enforced throughout the command, in order to be thoroughly prepared to b;ittl<- with tlii- insidious enemy; for, situated as we were, and unable to maintain complete non-intercourse of our men with the citi/'-n population, we could hardly expect to escape more or less speedy attacks. ¦el our in. ii Mag unacclhnated and liable to contract the fever at the slightest exposure, it became necessary, as soon as IM was amorifi us, to employ acclimated citizen nurse* conversant with the nursing and general management of yellow ies. ¦regards treatment, according to the difference in type and character of the fvvar in individual cases, different indications id various methods of teMtOMSI weiv reported to; generally speaking, however, the principal aim was to interfere as possible with nature's own resourcs and recuperative endeavor* whenever powerful and energetic enough to lu-ini,' cure. •••••••••»•••••••••• In those case* exhibiting the mild form of tlie fever very little medicine was given, those caHes doing well generally without any active: treatment. All that was done generally consisted in giving a thorough purge at oner:, such as compound rathartii- pills, c.i.-tor oil, or solution of citrate of magnesia, inducing free perspiration by the application of hot mustard footbath. iad k> epin* the patient well covered up. Id- was not permitted to partake of any kind of nourishment for three or four days, and was allowed to swallow fro.n time to time a mouthful of either ice water or (old orange leaf tea, in order to quench his ibir-t. If his fi-vitr rose considerably, the pulse remaining for thirty-six hours over Il'> per minute, a teaspoonful of the follow big -dative mixture was administered cvry hour or two till tin- fever abated and the pulse fell below 'JO, when the medicine w.i.- o:nitt<-d, and NMBUMOMd i> HMO the palM MM ai/aiii : tincture of aconite root, thirty five drops; tincture of veratruni virile. fifty drops; tincture of digitalis, DM fluid dracbui ; oraogf llower water, two fluid ounces — mix. 94 the surface of the body became either hot and dry, or cold and clammy, the application of hot bricks, enveloped in woolen rags Maturated with vinegar, to the soles of the feet and knees, almost always sufficed to bring about very speedily the desired moist state of the skin. In order to counteract the Reptic influence of the fever poison on the composition of the blood and mucus membranes of the stomach and bowel*, a tablespoonful of solution of two drachms of either the sulphate of magnesia or hyposulphite of soda, in six ounces of water, or a teaspoonful of chlorine mixture, (pnpand by mixing together two ounces of hydrochloric acid, two ounces of water, and two drachms of chlorate of potassa, and taking from this mixture MM fluid drachm. to be added to eight ounces of mint water,) was, in some cases, ordered to be given every three or four hours. If, on the fourth day, the fever had nearly abated and no untoward symptoms of any kind were observable, the patients were generally allowed small quantities of some bland, mucilaginous, and slightly nourishing drink, such M barley slime, oat or cornmeal gruel, &c; the day after, perliaps a little weak beef tea and brandy toddy were added ; and on every succeeding day the quantities and variety of nntriment were very carefully and gradually increased till full convalescence was established. In those cases where excessive dryness of the skin was, from the beginning, a noticeable feature, and where the repeated applications of hot mustard peililu via, hot moist bricks, and robbing the body and extremities with either dry mustard powder or hot stimulating lotions seemed to be of little or no avail, nothing has succeeded better in my hands, in order to bring about reaction and establish five diaphoresis, than resort to the cold wet-pack ; that is, enveloping the patient in a cold wet linen sheet, and rolling him up very closely in three or four woolen blankets. If, in such conditions, the resort to this wet-pack is not too long deferred, it generally acts like a charm in Boon producing very profuse perspiration and abating the excessive heat and often hwipporfbh cephalalgia. Care must be taken not to let the patient remain too long in the pack — two or three hours are generally sufficient; when he should be quickly taken out and the surface of his body thoroughly rubbed off with rough towels and well covered up afterwards. Another admirable method of treating such cases consists in applying several smaller wet sheets, under a good cover, over the entire surface of the body, and changing them as often as the sheets become hot and steaming. In cases early showing an irritable state of the stomach, with a sensation of heat and oppression about the precordia, the frequent administration of a half tablespoonful dose of the chlorine mixture above nentioned had the happiest effect in allaying these untoward symptoms. In others, however, where this remedy seemed to do no good, and where nausea and vomiting supervened, I often succeeded in effecting a change for the better by giving, every two or three hours, a tablespoonful of a mixture of subnitrate of bismuth increasote water, and chloroform, in conjunction with applying a blister to the region of the stomach. In cases where patients were of very robust, plethoric habits, and seemed to be threatened, soon after taking the fever, with symptoms of general congestion, I promptly bled them from the arm to the amount of from twelve to twenty-four ounet-s. following it up in some instances by free cupping, after a lapse of eight or ten hours, and I am satisfied that by doing so I saved their lives. In others I applied counter-irritation in the form of small blisters to the extremities, and feel convinced that it did good service as a derivative in a good many instances. In cases where the patients were taken with a severe chill, during the the first intermission of the fever a powerful dose of quinine was ordered, and sometimes witli the best effect, as chills hardly ever recuired again, and the subsequent fever was very light and easily subdued. Before closing this report, I will take this occasion to attest to Dr. J. W. Daniel's very faithful performance of his arduous duties; to the untiring labor and energy displayed by him on all occasions; for to his intelligent and valuable services are due the saving of many lives and the alleviation of the suffering of all our patients. Much praise is likewise due to Lieutenant Win. M. Van Home, commander of this post since the death of Colonel O'Connell and Captain Warren, for the prompt and efficient manner in which he supplied me with everything needful for the comfort of our sick during the trying time of the late epidimi. . Our supply of various articles of diet, stimulants, bedsteads, mattresses, sheets, &c, becoming exhausted, and not being able to obtain these articles in time from the medical purveyor at New Orleans, I was obliged, several times, to make requisition on him as post quartermaster in order to supply our immediate wants. All of which is respectfully submitted F. HASENBUBG, M. I) ActiiHj Assistant Suryecw, I. S. A. Brevet Major General J. K. Bai:nks, Sunjion liemral. iiimii»s ri: \i». ti:\ vs. HmrrnuD, Tkxab, .ipri/r>. 1868. B: In compliance with your request, I have the honor to inform you that yellow fever w;is introduced here from (Jalveston. apppeared amongst the citizens, one Vorhees, from (Jalveston, who died here in August. Ht>7, being the first well cured case, so far as I can learn. Several citizens were attacked soon afterwards, and M the (ith ot September one oi •rs of this post was taken with it. None of the privates were attacked until near the middle of the month. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. A. \\ lI. MANS. Icliif/ .Ixsistitut Suri/toii, I . S. A. 95 ItICIMI 4IQ, TEXAS BhKNHAM, tail, December 2, 1867. ¦1 : In accordance with your instructions, I liave the honor to submit tlie following report relative to the prevalence of fever in this town, and the remarkable fact that the troops stationed here have escaped entirely : On the Bth of August, James A. Devine, late Captain, U. S. Volunteers, and at that time on duty in the Bureau of Refugees, IYi •. (linen, and Abandoned Lands, came to this pout en route for the interior. He left Ualveston the day before, the yellow fever pivv. tiling there at the time. The next evening, at 4 o'clock p. in., while in camp, he complained of feeling unwell, 'md went to liis hotel ; in a short time he sent for me. I saw at once symptoms of yellow fever, but he insisted that lie had had the disease, and I was not certain as to his case until the day following, when yellow fever was plainly developed. On the 13th instant he died with black vomit. This was the first case that occurred in Brenham. No apprehensions were then felt that the disease would assume an epidemic form, as there had never been but two cases of the fever in Brenham, and those were persons who had come from an infected district a few hours before they were attacked by the disease. I think there were one or two cases reported by resident physicians during the two weeks subsequent to Devine's death, when the disease became epidemic, and its ravages were most fearful ; whole families were swept away, every family suffeYed, and the inhabitants became terror and panic stricken. About this time I chanced to hear that mustard seed (sii>apis alba) had been used successfully as a prophylactic against yellow fever, and remembering to have seen it used on the Isthmus of Panama as a preventive against intermittent fever, I thought that if I adopted the use of something of this kind, and could lead the men of this command to believe that they were safe from the disease, it might, perhaps, have a good moral effect upon them. Through your kind assistance I procured a large supply of mustard seed, and gave a tablespoonful, with an ounce of whiskey, to all in the command, including servants and laundresses; this was given daily, at 11 o'clock a. m., up to this date. We have had a heavy frost, and I now believe the fever to have left us Our camp is located in the town, about one-fourth of a mile from the centre. During the epidemic there has been more than one hundred and fifty fatal canes among the whites, and half that number among the blacks. Almost the entire population who remained in town have had the fever; every house in the vicinity of our camp, and at every point of the compass around it, has had fatal cases of the disease — one house, in close proximity, lost six members of the family. Our men were exposed to the disease as much as any others living in town, they being compelled to go through town for wood and to the depot for supplies. Two of these men nursed a case of the fever. What conclusion, if any, can we draw from these facts? Here is a camp in which are sixty souls, located in a town where yellow fever is epidemic, and of a most malignant type — where, in every occupied house, from one to ten cases of the disease may be found — where, at one time, scarcely people enough could be found to bury the dead — these sixty souls breathing the same atmosphere, and exposed, in every way, as much as any of the inhabitants — not scattered, but living togetiier — escaping without one case. Troops ordinarily suffer as much from any prevailing disease, perhaps more, than any other class. At Hempstead, but twenty-two miles from this place, the troops have, as you know, suffered terribly. I might remark h"re that our camp has been a very clean one. As early as June Ist I gaveniy careful personal attention to disinfectants; the i amp was disinfected twice daily with sulphate of iron, and all wood-work frequently whitewashed; the tents were raised eighteen inches from the ground and lime thrown under them ; the ends of the tents fronting north and south were made of latticework, giving a free circulation of air. lam not prepared to say that white mustard seed will prevent an attack of yellow fever; but this body of people have entirely escaped, and I can safely say that they are the only ones in the town who have escaped, and they have been exposed equally with all. Not one of these men was acclimated. A clerk from Galveston en route la Aii-tin was taken with the fever in one of the tents of the command ; he had slept with one of the men the night previous. Not a person who has taken the mustard and whiskey has taken the fever. We know that the mustard promotes the action of the kidne\ s, stimulates the digestive organs, and creates a moisture upon the surface of the skin. While the troops have, in this State, suffered terribly, we have escaped ; whether it be mustard seed, or whatever the preventive may have been that has kept H pri -<-i\-.il from the disease, we can but feel thankful that we have escaped. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CIIAS. K.WAKKKN, Actinij Assistant Suryeon, 11. ft A. Brevet Major (,'. Bacon, Assistant Sun/roil, U. S. A. BitKMiAM, Tkxas, April ! 6, 1808. Silt : First Lieutenant L. J. Lambert came to this post from Houston ; he had been on duty at that place for a considerable \> iit'th of time, during which time, and at the period of his leaving, yellow fever was an epidemic at Houston. He was taken with the fever ahout thirty-six boon alter his i. nival at this post, and did not use mustard seed. During his sickness I- was ordered to Fort .Stockton, and relieved by Dr. Jackson. Dr. Jackson put Private J. Thompson on duty as a nurse, he heingthen I patient in the hospital. He had been under my treatment for some time previous for gastritis. A day or two after Private Thompson was put on duty as a nurse with Lieutenant Lambert, Dr. Jackson was taken sick with remittent fever, and I took charge. I found Thompson lying beside Lieutenant Lambert's bed exhausted. I removed him to the hospital, where he died in. in exhaustion. Dr. Jackson did not see him for MM days before his death, but was on duty at the end of the month, and n.ade the report for the month of September to which the letter from the Surgeon General's Office refers. Dr. Jackson recovered. Private J. Thompson had not the yellow i'l-vi'.r, nor a single symptom of the same. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CIIAS. E. WAKKKN, liiiiii/ Asxixtiiiit Suri/ton, I. A .-/. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Waimji n Wkijsj i;k, S,n : /i,,i, ',„ Chiif hi.'tr'n I nf 'I'r.rax, Atixtin. Tisiih 96 AUSTIN, TEXAS Extract from Special Report on Yellow Fever, Austin, Texas, September, 1867. Actt,<>i Assistant Surrjeon /.'. M. Kirk; U. S. A. Kgins, a 'prisoner, supposed to be a member of the 4th U. S. Cavalry, was attacked Hnptwbwr ftth, and died MBM day. H« some days previous to the attack, from New Orleans, La.; was naoondooi when received in hospital, and remained - .» Extract from Special Report on Yellow Fever, Austin, Texas, November, 18G7. Artinr/ Assistant Su.rr/ron R. X Kirk, U.S. 1 Private J. B. Shearer, attacked November (ith; recovered November 19th. Wax clerk at District Headquarters. Arrived at the post, from Galveston, October 83d. SI I!-I)IMI{I( I OF THE RIO I.JfWhi: I!ICO\t\MII,I.i: A\D Kl\<.<-Ol l> BAK- It \< ItH, TEXAS. * Hf.adquaimkhs Scn-DisTitu t of tiii: Rio QSAHDB, Offick of Ciiikf Mkdiow. Offickh, Bkownsvim.f., Tkxas, January 28, 18G8. Ef.ral : In compliance with the instructions of Circular No. 3, S. G. 0., April 20th, 1867, I have the lio.or to forward ipanying Hpecial reports of yellow fever patients for the months of October, November, and December, 18G7, in the ct of the Rio Grande, at the post* of Ringgold Barracks and Brownsville, at which posts alone cases of the diooßM 'rred. Tlie Hj>ecial and full instructions relative to the sanitary condition of troops issued from the Office of the Surgeon General U. 8. A., and by the medical director of the Fifth Military District, and the chief medical oflicer of the District of Texas, daring the earlier part of the past season, were carefully followed and strictly enforced by commanding officers at all posts in the command. The health of the troops continued remarkably good during the whole season, with the exception of the few cases of yellow fever reported. • On the 28th of June last application was made to the chief medical oflicer of the District of Texas for instructions relative to the establiHhnient of a quarantine station at Brazos Santiago, and, in accordance with the orders received, a rigid quarantine m established July Bth at that port, and so effectually enforced that none of the cases of yellow fever that have occurred during the season in that vicinity of the Rio Gj'ande can be traced to that port as the source of infection. There were three deaths in quarantine during the season, but none were reported by the health officer of the port as yellow fever; and only one case was regarded as suspicious — on board a schooner from Pensacola, Florida — which resulted in death early in September. lfnch apprehension was felt during the months of August and September regarding the port of Bagdad, Mexico, at the mouth of the Rio Grande, where, notwithstanding the satisfactory assurances of the Mexican authorities' at Matamoras and the port of Bagdad, and the great vigilance and very commendable efficiency of Acting Assistant Surgeon Win. K. Savage, U. 8. A., the health officer at the port of Brazos Santiago, Texas, there was some laxity in the enforcement of quarantine regulations in regard to some vessels from Mexican ports, and to the steamer Tisano, from New Orleans, some passengers from which arrived in Matamoras about September 16th. None of these people were allowed to come to Brownsville, although their passage from New Orleans had been a long one, and there was no sickness among them. In regard to the port of Bagdad, however, it is eonsid- red certain that no elements of infection or contagion were admitted there from which the epidemic that appeared a month later could have been developed. I soon as it was announced that yellow fever was epidemic at Corpus Christi early in August, quarantine stations were led, on the 12th of the month, at the crossings of the Arroyo Colorado and the Corpus Christi roads, between tluit piaM wnsvillc, and, it is believed, with the most satisfactory results. Almost all travel on this route was prevented or turned m ireetions by these obstructions, but few people arrived at Brownsville from Corpus Christi during the months of Augi.st tember, and no cases of the fever occurred among them or can be traced to them. At about the same date, August 18th, directions were given from this otlice, to Acting Assistant Surgeon C. C. Furley, I". S. A.. pod Surgeon at Ringgold Barracks, to exercise all possible vigilance in quarantining the road to that point on tin- Rio Grande from Corpus Christi. Soon after very stringent ordt rs were issued by Brevet Brigadier General McKciizie. commanding thai post, prohibiting all travel upon that much frequented route. That these orders were most vigilantly enforced is indicated by the accompanying special repoit of Dr. Furley. It is believed that a number of deaths from yellow fever occiund on that route among persons attached to wagon trains, and others at points outside of the quarantine stations, dining the months of August and September, while the disease was prevailing at Corpus Christi: In the latter part of July and in August the usual summer freshet of the Rio Grande occurred, and tiie river continued very big* during »ll the month of September. From the l'.lth of August, for ten .lays, it rained almost incessantly, and during this period the whole country along the lower Rio Grande, from Rio Grande City down, WM almost literally Hooded, rendering all the roads quite impassable. I'pon the cessation of the rains and the subsidence of the waters, about September Ist. malarial fever* «f | congestive type began to prevail among the Mexican people in the vicinity of Sfe Grand* City, Texas, and CanargO, Mexico. The same thing occuned in the vicinity of Brownsville, but tin- sickness u:is confined to the ra.uh.s near the m . r. i:; 97 98 EXTRACTS FROM OFFICIAL REPORTS. above and below, and did not appear in Brownsville. It is believed to be beyond doubt that there was nothing like yellow fever in these cases. With the exception of these cases, the sanitary condition of the post of Ringgold Barracks and vicinity continued quite pood until some time in September. About the Ist of September began a series of interesting events, of which an account is given in the accompanying report of Acting Assistant Surgeon C. C. Furley, U. S. A. In forwarding this report, however, it becomes my duty to correct some of the statements made therein, and to present the results of my own investigations relative to the disease which lias recently prevailed at Rio Grande City and vicinity . This report was received at this office from Dr. Furley about the 6th of November. I afterwards received from Dr. Cunynghame, post Surgeon at Ringgold Barracks, the accompanying letter, dated October 30th.* Further inquiry was rendered necessary by that letter and by other contradictory statements received; also by the fact that Dr. Furley was entirely inexperienced in regard to yellow fever, and had not Been any of the cases that occurred outside of the post subsequent to the date of September 20th, from which time till November Ist (when his contract was annulled for official misconduct) he was in arrest, and, excepting to see the case of Dr. Reilly, did not leave the post of Ringgold Barracks. In the latter part of November, copies of all official papers relating to the subject of Dr. Furley's report were obtained from Ringgold Barracks, and are enclosed with the report ; also copies of letters received from medical and other officers at that post.t Kere are three or four doctors in practice at Rio Grande City, Texas, and Camargo, Mexico, (which places are about four but of these it is understood that the only physician by education is Dr. Headley, of Camargo, who is repeatedly I to in the accompanying report and letters, and his opinion regarding the recent epidemic in that vicinity is the only onal one to be obtained. * * Since December Ist I have had several conversations with Dr. Headley, and tially the same account is given by him as by Dr. Furley in the accompanying report of the events which occurred September. An ambulance arrived at Rio Grande City from Corpus Christi, on the evening of September 2d, in which was a man sick with yellow fever, who was immediately sent out of town, and who died the next morning. Very energetic action was at once taken by the military commander at Ringgold Barrnclfs to prevent the further development of the disease. These cases were all seen by Dr. Headley of Camargo, and those of the persons who crossed the Rio Grande and died of the fever at a house three miles from Camargo were under his care. The Doctor believes that these cases (of the ambulance party) were yellow fever, but that subsequently to these there have been no cases of the disease in the vicinity of Camargo or Rio Grande City. His grounds for this belief are, that the vigorous and thorough action taken with regard to the ambulance and its contents, (all of which were burned and entirely destroyed, including all blankets, silks, &c, &c, and even the pistols of the sick man, so great was the fear of contagion among the Mexican people,) and the similar course pursued with regard to tliose of the ambulance party who crossed into Mexico, rendered propagation of the disease by contagion improbable, if not impossible; that the disease which became more prevalent in September wa.s entirely malarial, of a decidedly intermittent character and congestive type, and was such as usually prevailed in the region at tliat season ; that all the cases properly treated recovered, the plan of treatment being a mercurial cathartic followed by large doses of quinine and stimulants; atid that few deaths occurred among the better class of the people who had medical attendance, but many among the poor Mexicans, who could not employ physicians, but treated themselves with herb teas, sweating, &c, &c. This Mexican plan of treatment, Dr. Headley argues, should have cured a fair proportion of the patients if their disease had been yellow fever; and, on the other hand, tliat the actual results were what might Imve Wen expected from such treatment (without, quinine) for malarial fevers of a congestive type, viz : a mortality in two month's of about one hundred and fifty or two hundred persons in a population estimated at from 500 to 750 people. Returning now to Dr. Fui ley's report, it is evident from his letters, dated September 11th, 18th, 24th, and 25th, that matters went on very quietly at Blnggokl Barracks and vicinity subsequent to the ambulance, burning, September 3d, and that the existence of yellow fever was not suspected, or, at least, that the idea of its existence was not entertained, until the 24th of the month, when I citizen named Forbes was admitted to the post hospital at Ringgold Barracks. During all this period, how.-ver, there had bet n some sickness and a few deaths in Rio Grande City, particularly among children, and at various ranches above and below that place along the river. Bl stated as an interesting fact, that during the whole time of the prevalence of the epidemic there was no sickness beyond about twelve miles above Rio Grande City, and that at the larger town of Roma, only three miles further up than the :iere the epidemic appeared to stop, or fifteen miles from Rio Grande City, there were no cases of the prevailing and but a f.-w deaths in September and October. Atjhe Gtoda ranch, where the ambulance was burned, half a mile from Rio Grande City, there are several houßes or huts m which Mexican families are living. It is stated by credible persons that, immediately subsequent to September M, there was no more sickness at this ranch than at many other neighboring ones at the saint; time, and that it was not of a peculiar ( -haracter. Had there been any evidences of yellow fever at this suspicious locality they should have been recognized earlier than September 24th by the military and civil authorities who were looking for the appearance of the disease. The three OWM (it should be stated as two) meiitioii.il in Dr. Furley 's report as having been pronounced yellow fever by Dr. Reilly, who had never before seui cases of the .li-.u.se, were two women, seen but once by him, and that after dark, in a Mexican hut, and th- only examination rn.tde was by the. li-ht of a coal of fire held over their faces. The women died shortly after, and were buried before morning by direction of the doctor, who afterwards repeatedly declared that they were not cases of yellow fever. B first dei land case of yellow fever, after those of the ambulance party, was that of Mr. Forbes, before mentioned as ied at the post hospital at Kinggold Barracks, September 21th. Dr. Furley had previously been placed in arrest, but • In Uiih letter Die writer revlewn tin' ulli _¦¦!•- - ¦ t yi-ilow fiw r r«-[«irte I by Artinir An-Utaut Kurireoii Furley, ami ili-nics Unit Iliey ueri- ie.iHy .ik-li. ..r tl,;it inn- prflm fctW iMi <;xi»teil up to tlii.t iliite in Hi,. Qmflg City ?r it* \U ¦inity. on this day was allowed to visit Dr. Reilly, whoso case will tic noticed hereafter, and who had been taken nick in town on th» Hid, two days before. (m Dr. Furley's return to tin; post hospital lie found Forhcs tin re sick. * * * Forbes was I notorious drunkard, and I than two weeks before his death had hocn drinking excessively. A few days Mbn liis death Im started to go to lan hut was taken sick and lay by the roadside (it is stated) nearly 24 hours before he was taken hack to Rio Grande ( ity. 1 thence to the post hospital. That he vomited black matter, us stated, before his death, may lie admitted, hut there is sonable ground for doubt as to the character of the disease. It is quite certain that no one at the post of Ringgold 8 contracted yellow fever from him by contagion. B about this date — September 24th — communication between the post and Rio Grande City was stopped; and as Dr. Furley again leave the post till about November Ist, none of'his statements regarding the events of this period in Rio Grand* $ made from personal knowledge. The second case reported as yellow fever in Kio Grande City was that of Dr. IJ. S. Reilly, late Acting Assistant Surgeon. U. 8. A., who was taken sick Sunday, September Mi, and died Saturday, September 28th. This case has at all times be. n declared by Dr. Headly to be one of congestion of the brain. The history of this case, as nearly as can he ascertained, is as follows, viz: Dr. Reilly was taken sick on Sunday evening with a slight chill, followed by a moderate fever, which continued without increase or abatement till Wednesday. He had pains in the head and back, and flushed face, when attacked, but no redness of the eyes was noticed. He did not appear to be very ill, but believed from the beginning that he would die, and on "Wednesday sent for a priest. On this day increased feverishness was noticed in the morning, which abated at night, and he begun to have irritability of the stomach. The Doctor had been taking cathartic medicines, but they did not operate well, and believing now that his disease was intermittent fever, he began to take quinine. He was very thirsty, and during the day — Wednesday — drank freely of a very acid solution of citric acid in water. On Thursday morning another and more severe exacerbation of the fever occurred, with increased irritability of the stomach, and occasional vomiting of a clear liquid; Dr. Reilly became much excited, and at times irrational, and feared that he had yellow fever. More quinine was taken, but, as with everything else taken during the day, was vomited as soon as swallowed. On Friday morning the fever was again greatly increased; he became delirious, was quite violent faring the night, and continued d.-iirious until death on the following day. The irritability of the stomach continued, and an increasing amount of dark -colored sediment was observed in the matter vomited during the succeeding 24 hours. Dr. Ileadley, of Comargo, first saw the case on the evening of this day — Friday — and said it was one of congestion of the brain ; had Dr. Reilly's hair cut short, cooling lotions applied to his head, and gave medicines which were rejected. Dr. Reilly grew worse rapidly, and on Saturday morning was placed in a hot hath containing a pound of Colman's mustard, (bo says Dr. Headley,) and after being taken from the bath, was given black coffee to drink. Dr. Rcilly became quiet and slept (comatose?) shortly after the bath, and remained so until death at 3 o'clock p. m. He vomited very black matter two or three times during the last three hours, which made stains on the bed linen that could BO< be washed out with soap and cold water; experienced nurses then present declared this case to be one of yellow fever, which Dr. Headley does not believe. In Dr. Furley's report it is made to appear that Dr. Ileadley contracted the fever by contagion from Dr. Reilly, and that Mrs. Headley was sick afterwards with the same disease. The fact is, that Mrs. Headley was ill early in September with a disease which Dr. Headley thinks was more like yellow fever than any other MM he saw, and that Dr. Headley was no! nek with yellow fever, which he had already had long before, but with some other disease. Colonel Gautierez, who is reported to have died October sth with yellow fever, did not see his friend, Dr. Reilly, during his illness, as stated, and was treated by Dr. Headley for congestive intermittent fever. Colonel Gautierez survived two severe paroxysms of the fever, and was in a fair way for recovery, when. Dr. Headley being taken ill, the case came under the treatment of a doctor by whom castor oil was given to the patient, producing severe catharsis and vomiting, followed by a third paroxysm resulting in death. Mr. Dallas, whose case is mentioned in Dr. Furley's report, was a very intimate friend of Dr. Reilly; was with him night and day during his illness, and was greatly fatigued, as well as much depressed, by the death of his friend. Mr. Dalla.- was taken ill on the day of Dr. Reilly's burial— Sunday, September 2«Jth— with a very high fever, but was on the street again in three days. He has since suffered much from intermittent fever. In regard to Dr. Furley's own case, it must be said that there is much ground for doubting the correctness of his statements. On the afternoon of the :?()th of September I was at Ringgold Karraeks for two hours while the steamer from Hiownsville. by which I visited Otfl post, was stopping there. Dr. Furley was evidently very nervous and apprehensive; said that he was not feeling well ; that he had been twice exposed to yellow fever, in the cases of Dr. Reilly and Mr. Forbes, during the preceding week, and that 1 xpected he would be sick. He was much jaundiced, with decided yellowness of the eyes, and had b. en talking much to other otlicevs of his having the fever. I >r. Furley was taken sick on the evening of this .lay— Monday. September IHlth— and became greatly alarmed. Dr. Ileadley. flf Camargo, was sent for. and visited and prescribed fcr him during the night, or on the following morning, a fact not mentioned m Dr. Furley's report. Dr. Furley was given HUM blue mass an I and on the following day VTM considered out of danger. Dr. Headley declares that Dr. Furley did not have yellow nd his nurse now says the same thing. It is altogether probable that his disease was simply bilious tever. M sta d.vsiehm. It is quite "certain that no cases of yellow fever followed Dr. Furley's illness at the P"st. Lieutenant Colonel who is reported as the third case on the tabular report of Dr. Furley. arrived at the po.-t on the afternoon of .September m Hrownsville; was taken sick only 48 hours afterwards; his illness was not severe, and. undoubtedly, was not yellow The fourth case on Dr. Furlev's tabular report is of so doubtful a character as hardly to require notice, addition to the papers already referred to, relating to the recent epidemir at Rio Grande City and vi. .¦mity. it seems roper to forward an otlicial report of the case of Acting Assistant Surgeon William K. Sava.-e. I.S. A r. Ravage left ville, where yellow fever was prevailing on the M of November, arrived at BtanjoU l^-raeks on the 10*, was taken 99 ill on the 18th, ami died on the 21st of the same month.* There is so much in this case that is like yellow fever that it is still :i matter of doubt in mv mind whether it was not one of that disease. 'Die prevalence of yellow fever at Indianohi, Galveston, Corpus Christi, and afterwards at New Orleans, Louisiana, from a which places there is direct communication to the valley of the Rio Grande, was a sufficient warning during the montho of Jim .lulv, August, and September, that the epidemic might be expected to appear in this sub-district. With the comparatively fe ;i venues of approach, viz : via the ports of Brazos Santiago, Texas, and Bagdad, Mexico, and the roads from Corpus (Jhristi Urowiisville and to Kio Grande City, it was hoped that either the advent of the disease could be prevented by rigid quarantine or that, by vigilant observation, the first cases of the disease could be noticed, and important and interesting facts ascertained : to the manner of its introduction from infected localities. To this end, very explicit instructions were given to the medical offic at Ringgold Barracks, from whom, as a result, the accompanying report has been received. It is to be regretted that the repoi is entitled to so little confidence, that such contradictory opinions regarding the epidemic in that vicinity are entertained I professional men, and that the statements of the only physician (Dr. Headley, of Camargo) personally cognizant of all the fact are not quite credible. Under these circumstances, it is thought best to forward the accompanying papers tas an appendix to I) Furley's report, to review them at length as I have done, and to give the results of a careful investigation of information receive) from all credible sources. KThe history of the recent epidemic in the vicinity of Ringgold Barracks may be summed up briefly in the following tates, which, I believe, contain all that can be relied upon as facts, and that can be accepted as quite well established by the ;nce tVirnished: Ist. The prevalence of yellow fever, during the month of August, at Corpus Christi, the nearest infected locality, and the existence of rigid quarantine by land and sea, rendered it most likely that the disease, if introduced at all in the valley of the Rio Grande, would be so by the route from Corpus Christi to Rio Grande City, a distance; of about 150 miles; the roads between those places being the moat travelled and most difficult to be effectually guarded, as they are quite widely separated and pass through an open country. B2d. The quarantines established upon these roads, and other measures adopted, were so far effectual as to delay the introion of the disease for at least a month after it might have been expected to make its appearance, if it did so, by importation Corpus Christi, had the roads f/om that place been unobstructed. 3d. Fevers of a malarial character were somewhat prevalent in all of the lower regions of the Rio Grande during the month of August, and became more general in September and October. 4th. Yellow fever was introduced by importation to the vicinity of Rio Grande City as early as the beginning of September; l»ut while development of the disease by contagion cannot be traced and proven by such evidence as is furnished, still, at the same time, it cannot be denied that the disease may have been so developed. It also appears that it was not until the latter part of September that the diseases prevalent in the vicinity of Rio Grande City began generally to assume the type of yellow fever. Kth. Many of the cases commonly believed to have been yellow fever were not of that disease, but were purely ptrnicious larial fever; many more were of a mixed character, complicating both types of the disease; and not a few were well'd, uncomplicated cases of yellow fever. • 6th. The mortality from these diseases during the months of September, October, and November, among a population of about seven hundred people residing at Rio Grande City and the adjacent ranches within ten miles of that place, in the Rio Grande valley, was over one hundred deaths of persons whose burials were registered, and nearly or quite that number of those not registered, and who were buried at different places. li'>!-|iirtfully submitting the above-mentioned reports, together with my accompanying report for the post of Brownsville, I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, EDWARD COWLEB, Axxixtant Surycon, and Brevet Captain, I. S. A. fin-vet Major General J. K. Baknks, OMf]MM (lenernl. Four Bkown, Bitowwsvn.i.i-:, Tkxam, /awwry 20, 18f>8. Sknkkai. : I have, the honor to forward herewith special reports of yellow fever patients at this post during the months of •r, November, and December, IH(J7. It will iippear from these reports that in the military force; at the post there have been ur cases of yellow fever, all officers, and that all happily resulted in recovery. During the months named the fever led quite "generally in Brownsville, arid the history of the epidemic presents souk; points of considerable interest. Soon after the appearance of yellow fever at Indianola, quarantine stations were established — on the Hth of July — at the porti "f Brazos Santiago and Brownsville, Texas; and at Bagdad, Mexico, by the co-operation of the Mexican authorities. The regions of the lower valley of the Rio Grande being, comparatively, so much isolated, by wide tracts of nearly uiiin \ ¦•¦>¦<] country, from all localities where yellow fever could be expected to prevail, and communication with such lofalitie !» iiiL' held by seit via the above-named portM, and by land via the long roads from Corpus Chri-la, and Corpus Christi — by land. They were, in every case, a long time on the way, and it is believed that all were kept under observation at the quarantine stations until the period of incubation was over. No suspicion has been attached to these persons as carriers of the contagion from which the recent epidemic was propagated; nor has it been posiible to trace to them, as sources of contagion, any of the first cases of fever that occurred in Brownsville in September and 0.-tober last. During the month of August everything seemed promising for the continued good health of this community; the weather was pleasant and agreeable during the first eighteen or twenty days of the month, and th;> healthful southeast breezes prevailed. In t!iis month occurred the usual summer freshet of the Kio Grande, and the r er continued very high till the latter part of September. In the month of August there was also a great deal of rain, which fell continuously from the 19th for ten days, or till the 29th. All the lower valley of the Rio Grande and adjacent country was almost literally flooded, and all the roads leading to Brownsville and Matamoras were, for many weeks, so bad that the amount of travel upon them was trifling, and they were at times quite impassable. The August rains ceasing about the 29th of the month, the water be^an to subside from the flooded country, but it was again very rainy for many days from the 10th of September. K'arly all commercial intercourse between Brownsville and places up the river was stopped during the months of August ptember, in consequence of the importation of merchandise being obstructed \>y the quarantine. The only communication mer during these months, with the towns above, was one trip to Rio Grande City about August 16th, and one about Sp-16th, and one to Ringgold Barracks, which is below Rio Grande City, September 30th. After a careful investigation cf :umstances relating to this apparently possible means of importation of contagion, it must be admitted that no suspicion entertained of the introduction of any elements of disease by the river steamer from any infected locality. When the steamer was at Rio Grande City in August there was then, certainly, no yellow frvw there. Again, in the middle of September it was not believed by any one at Rio Grande City that there had been any casss of the fever in that vicinity, except of some persons who came by ambulance from Corpus Christi and were disposed of on the 3d or 4th of September, of whom an account is given in the accompanying report from Ringgold Barracks. Furthermore, it is found impossible to trace any connection between these circumstances and the appearance of yellow fever in Brownsville. I'pon the last-mentioned trip of the steamer it became known, just as she was leaving Brownsville on the 27th of September, that there had been BOOM cases of the fever reported at Rio Grande City. The steamer touched only at Ringgold Barracks, and there remained about two hours on the afternoon of September 30th. P.eing present at the time, I am personally cognizant of all the circumstances, and can state as my firm belief, that the only possible means by which yellow fever could have been contracted by contagion by any one, was by personal contact with Acting Assistant Surgeon C. C. Furley, IT. S. A., the post Surgeon, who was taken sick on the evening of the same day, after the steamer's departure. But it is my opinion, for which reasons art; given in an accompanying report on this subject, thai Dr. Furley did not have yellow fever at all. I also believe that there was no disease, nor were there any elements of contagion, existing at Ringgold Barracks on the afternoon of September 30th, to be communicated in any way to persons on board the steamer. Nothing can be found in subsequent events to indicate that yellow fever was conveyed to Brownsville by this steamer. In regard to the communication between Rio Grande City and Brownsville by land, a distance of about HO miles, it was unobstructed during the month of September, no NOMQ being known for placing any restriction thereon, except hy the wry bad and almost impassable condition of the roads, on account of which there was but little travel between the two plans. But upon the recognition of the existence of yellow fever in Kio Grande City, an efficient quarantine guard was placed on the roads at a point 12 miles from Brownsville, and all communication between the two towns was prohibited on th ¦ id of October. At the town of Edinburgh, on the Rio Grande, about 7."> miles from Brownsville, on the road to Rio Grand* City, there began to be some sickness from malarial disorders in the latter part of September, upon the subsidence of the waters after the August and September rains. The first death at this period occurred about October 12th; and subsequently there was much sickness and a few deaths, the number of inhabitants being small, and most of the sickness being ÜBOOg children. There is no physician in that vicinity, and it is reported to me that it was not thought by the people, who are, with the exception of two families, all Mexicans, that' there were any cases of yellow fever among them during the past season. Similar tacts have bOM elicited with regard to the sickness at other points along the Rio Grande, between Brownsville and Edingburgh. lad it appears that malarial disorders were very g ral MMOg the people during the months of September. Oct. .her. November, and 1 ».viii!.iT. but 101 Bking info consideration all the circumstances detailed above, and those connected with the first cases of yellow fever in ville, as far as they can be known, the results of all investigations made by well-informed medical men in this vicinity, myself, do not discover any facts, or even well-grounded suspicions, to indicate that the disease was imported to IJrownsm any infected locality. I ring the month of August there was some sickness at the ranches along the river above and below Brownsville, and it to increase somewhat in the latter part of September, upon the subsidence of the waters after the August and September During this period the appearance of yellow fever was several times rumored, as was to be expected from the apprethat prevailed among the people of this vicinity; but in all cases, upon investigation, the sickness was found to be of a I character anil with little or no mortality. ¦the city of Brownsville, however, and also in Matamoras, Mexico, a remarkable state of health existed during the months , August, and September. In Matamoras, with a population estimated at 12,000, it is reported that there were only five nte in the city cemetery in the month of August, and the mortality in September was also very small. 11 the 15th of September, the health officer of Brownsville reported that, from the Ist of July to that date, there had been 3 deaths in a population of 5,000. Of these deaths, 13 were children, and in none of the cases was the disease of a MM character. There was an equally small rate of mortality from September 15th to October 7th, and none from yellow and at the latter date it was officially reported and generally believed that there had been no cases of yellow fever in sville. On the 7th of October the lower valley of the Rio Grande was visited by a terrible and destructive hurricane. The storm came from the Gulf of Mexico and moved in a direction from about southeast to the northwest. Its path was about 80 miles in width ; its vortex passed over the cities of Brownsville and Matamoras, and it was about 20 hours in passing those places. On the morning of the 7th the wind began blowing from the northeast, and gradually increased in violence until midnight. There was then a calm for nearly an hour, when the wind began blowing from the southwest with appalling fury, and continued until morning, when it gradually ceased. The cities of Brownsville and Matamoras appeared almost entirely destroyed, and in fact there were very few houses left standing without being seriously damaged. There was no little loss of life, and many persons received severe injuries. All were more or less exposed, and in many cases the exposures of the night induced serious illness. The rapid increase of sickness after the night of October 7th was attributed to the effects of the exposure during the storm, but on the 12th of the month it was announced that a German had died in Brownsville of yellow fever, and with the black vomit, and that there were several persons sick with the disease in different parts of the city. The number of cases increased, and in a few days the fever became decidedly prevalent. From the 9th to the 18th of October there were 20 deaths from yellow fvver, and by the 20th the deaths were from 3to 6 daily for several days. The mortality continued at about the same rate and became somewhat increased in the latter part of November. About the Ist of December there were in one day seventeen interments of persons who had died of the fever. It is estimated that at the end of 60 days after the appearance of the fever, or on the 9th of December, there had been at least 240 deaths; and on thi 9th of January there hail been at least 300 deaths. On the latter date frost appeared, and the disease was suddenly checked, there being five interments on the 9th, four on the 10th, and none for many days after the 10th of Of those who had yellow fever, many were Germans, with whom it was especially fatal; and a large proportion of the sick were unacclimated persons. The disease prevailed quite extensively among the Mexicans, who compose a large part of the population of the city of Brownsville, and who suffered much from exposure, insufficient shelter, and want of the necessaries of life, consequent upon their losses in the storm of the 7th of October. A marked peculiarity of the epidemic was the exemption of female* from the disease. Of 07 recorded death*, that occurred in the practice of one physician, before the 2Hth December, 5 were females, and 10 were children ; and among finales there was an equally small proportion of sickness. During the last 30 days of the epidemic, before the 9th of January, a very large proportion of the sickness and the deaths was among children. The epidemic is considered as having been mild in its character, and with all poMOM in a good physical and hygienic condition the rate of mortality was very small. PotOJOM addicted to the use of alcoholic stimulants were, other things being equal, apparently most liable to the disease, and acre earliest attacked, and it was most fatal to them. In all fatal cases there was a decided tendency to gastric irritability and in an unusually large number of these cases there was black vomit. The plan of treatment OjpJtO generally followed during the epidemic was, to give the patient, upon the onset of the disease, a mercurial cathartic, to be followed in a few hours by a full dose of castor oil. Immediately upon being attacked the patient was well covered in bed after having a hot mustard foot-bath. Cooling applications were made to the head, when agreeable to the patient, and indicated l>y a tendency to < -erebral congestion, and orange leaf tea was administered freely during the continuance of the fever, Sponging the body under the bed clothes was employed to allay the heat and dryness of the skin. Little nourishment was allowed, except riot water or barley water at the approach of the second stage, and afterwards fresh milk, chicken broth, or beef tea, as OOnvdooeOMO advanced. Nourishing enemata were administered in cases of gastric irritability. Small pieces of ice, lime water, with or without milk, and sometimes creasote, &x\, were employed to allay irritability of the stomach, together with sinapisms externally. In pMMMMO of this plan of eliminating the disease by the perspiration, urine, &c, nitrate of potash was also given for its action upon the kidneys, and to meet the perplexing symptom of suppression of the urine. Quinine was not given unless there ui-ie marked periodic exacerbations of the fever. Opiates in any form were avoided as dangerous, and no stimulants \yeic allowed until convalescence was well advanced. The most absolute rest was enjoined during the progress of the fever, and little physical exertion was permitted until recovery was well assured. This plan of treatment was varied somewhat in inanv ca-i-H to conform to the theory of elimination of the di-ea.-e by the lungs, and, to my mind, tin: results appeared to be quite as MtMkctorv 'ix hv the other method of treatment Mercurial <•• rtl • tV • it riven vi less esneciallv idi ¦• ted by -i til • 102 SUB-DISTRICT OF THE RIO GRANDE. 103 tion or irregularity of the bowels, and cantor oil was also avoided as generally indiu ing naiißea; but instead of these a saline draught was given, (as sulphate of magnesia, half an ounce, and carbonate of magnesia, 15 grain.s — in solution.) The patient was well, but not heavily, covered to the neck in bed with a sheet and single light blanket, the object being to promote gentle diaphoresis, and to keep the body as cool as possible without danger of chilliness after perspiration. An abundance of fresh air was provided by placing the bed in the centre of the room, with doors and windows open to allow suflicient but not too much draught; and the patient was also fanned if there was too little movement of air. Diuretics were regarded as of little avail in restoring the arrested renal functions, and were not given. This constituted nearly the whole treatment, ;ind, in other respects nearly the plan detailed above was pursued. On the 13th of October orders were issued stopping all communication between the garrison and the city, except by permission to certain officers and orderlies to visit the headquarters of the post then in the city. This order was very strictly enforced until the epidemic had decidedly abated in the city; and no cases of the fever occurred among the troops, except those of the four officers reported, who all resided in Brownsville excepting myself. On account of the total destruction, by the hurricane of the post hospital under my charge, and the increased sickness among the trooops, consequent upon their exposure in the storm, extraordinary demands were made upon my time and strength, and I was greatly fatigued during all of the week after the 7th of October. I saw the sick man in the city on the IMb, who died the same evening with yellow fever and black vomit, and two or three cases of the fever among the quartermaster's employes came under my care on the i:>th and 14th. I was attacked on the 15th instant, and did not resume my duties until nearly the middle of November. Brevet Colonel A. M. Randol, of the Ist U. S. Artillery, who was taken sick on the 27th of October, and Lieutenant John Gotshall. of the 2(Jth U. S. Infantry, who wan taken sick on the same day, were under the care of a physician at Brownsville. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel .S. K. Schwenk •> Klst U. S. Infantry, who was taken sick on the 20th of November, was under my own care, and though he was somewhat •d by previous attacks of intermittent fever, and was in a very critical condition in the second stage of the fever, be fortunate] y jd. These cases were all well marked, and in each there was like previous exposure. In each of them equally valid its can be adduced to support the theory of contagion or of infection in regard to the manner in which th<> disease was ;ed. In other words, in eacli of these four cases, the disease may be believed to have been contracted by receiving m from persons sick witli yellow fever, or, equally well, by visiting or residing in infected localities. In returning now to the consideration of the circumstances connected with the origin of the disease, I am obliged to depend greatly for information upon the statements of physicians practicing in Brownsville, who have ghppa me the results of their observations, viz : Dr. A. F. Watson, of Brownsville, and Dr. C. Macmanus, of Matamoras. These gentlemen have resided in this country for more than twenty years, and both served, at different times, as post Surgeons at Fort Brown. The first suspicious cases of illness in Brownsville were two Mexicans, (males,) and occurred between the 10th and 15th of September, terminating in recovery. These two persons were natives of the place, and had not been away from Brownsville for two years. These cases are now stated by Dr. Watson to have been quite well marked, and lam unable to obtain any evidence to indicate that the disease wa* contracted by contagion. There was some sickness cf a malarial character among Mexicans and others during the remainder of September, but the first case of fever, of a suspicious character, that came to notice after the two before mentioned, was a young man, an American, named Fisher. This man had but a short time before been discharged from Buttery "L," Ist U. S. Artillery, and was employed as a clerk in the quartermaster's department at the time of his illness. .Mr. Fisher was taken sick on the 23d of September and recovered on the 11th of October, and was also under the care of Dr. Watson, who regarded the case as undoubtedly one of yellow fever. The man had not been away from Brownsville for a long time before his illness, and it cannot be ascertained that he was in any way exposed to the disease, either by contact with persons sick with the disease, or by visiting infected places. These three cases, occurring in September, were not reported, and it was not until some time after the epidemic became pronounced that the case of Mr. Fisher was spoken of publicly by his attending physician as being one very much like yellow IfV, It is now asserted by him that the case was an undoubted one. Until recently I have entertained the belief that there had been no cases of yellow fever previous to the hurricane of October 7th, but it is plainly evident from the statements above, that its existence in Brownsville previous to that event cannot be positively denied. At the same time, the assertion that there may have been a few unrecognized cases among poor Mexican people, who did not employ physicians, also cannot be denied. In whatever state or form the elements of the d sease may have existed previous to the hurricane, it is certain that this untoward atmospheric tumult exercised a profound influence in developing the epidemic, and, as it were, expressed the disease from MM epidemic infecting elements already in action. Yellow fever declared itself immediately after the storm, and, as before state,], its epidemic character was very rapidly developed. The first case recognized and reported as yellow fever resulted in death, on the 12th of October, as has been before stated ; but the first death from the fever is now believed to have occurred on the 9th, at a place known as Mechanics' Board ing- In m.»e. This is a low wooden building, in which a few small, close, badly ventilated rooms, used as dormitories, were crowded witli boarders, most of whom were Germans or Austrians. There were many of these Austrians about Brownsville at that time, who formerly belonged to the Mexican Imperial army, and who we-e espceially obnoxious to the diseases of this climate, with whom and the German residents yellow fever was very fatal. There was some sickness at the boarding-house during the two wet ks before the 7th of October, of a trifling character, and which came under my imm»diate notice in attending several quartermm-ti r's employes boarding there. The man that died on the 9th of October was an Austrian, who was ill a day or two before the hurricane, and is declared to have died of yellow fever by his medical attendant, a German doctor, who professes to have seen much of the disease at Vera Cruz and elsewhere. The second death from yellow fever occurred on the Kith, also of an Austrian, who died at the same boarding-house, and wa* under the care of the same doctor; his illness supervened upon exposure during the storm. A third death, with black vomit, also of an Austrian, occurred at the same louse on the l'Jth, ami is the on«-before mentioned as that first recognized and reported as yellow fever, and was urimi.-takable in its character. !• roiu this time this boarding-house was evidently an infected locality, and many deaths occurred theie dwfag the ensuing ninety days. Ke first recognized case of yellow fever occurring elsewhere in Brownsville, and in a distant part of the city, after the le, was that of a young man (an American) employed by the U. S. revenue collector, who had an ordinary attack of interfever on the 6th of-October. He was greatly exposed to the rain and cold during the night of the storm. He became ted on the following rooming, and on the same day was attacked with a chill, followed by a fever, which terminated in om black vomit on the 13th of October. One other case (of a German) occurred, beginning before the hurricane with intermittent fever, from which the patient was apparently convalescent; but it assumed the type of yellow fever after exposure in the storm, and resulted in recovery. E There was another death from black vomit on the 13th, that of a house carpenter, (German,) who had not been away from wnBville for two months, and who was perfectly well before his exposure during the storm. The cases of yellow fever previous to the date of the 13th were of persons living in different parts of the city, and the disease did not appear to affect any particular locality, excepting, perhaps, the mechanics' boarding-house mentioned above. It is impossible to state with accuracy the number of persons attacked with yellow fever during the first seven days after the hurricane. It can only be said that before that event the amount of sickness in Brownsville was trifling, with only the few suspicious cases before mentioned, but immediately afterwards the sickness was suddenly and largely increased ; and that there were at least five recognized cases of yellow fever on the'l3th, eight on the 14th, and as many on the 15th. In fact, the arrangements made for securing thoroughness of investigation and accuracy and completeness of reports of cases of yellow fever were overthrown in the confusion consequent upon the hurricane, and little reliance can be placed upon the imperfect cityrcjordu of sickness and mortality during the period of the epidemic. In the neighboring city of Matamoras, two miles distant from Brownsville, yellow fever prevailed to some extent, but there was much less sickness there than on this side of the Rio Grande. The disease did not make its appearance in Matamoras until after it had declared itself in Brownsville. It is stated, on good authority, that very many of the cases of yellow fever occurring there were of persons who had left Brownsville to escape the disease, and that in the houses in which they were sick or died no second cases occurred. It cannot be shown, however, that yellow fever was developed in Matamoras from elements of the disease conveyed there from Brownsville; and similar phenomena were observed in Matamoras to those in the neighboring city in regard to the non-existence of the disease before the hurricane, and its subsequent apparently spontaneous origin there. In considering the events of the past season, in regard to their bearing upon the question of theintroduction of yellow fever to this vicinity by importation from some infected locality, or of its apparently spontaneous origin here, I have to refer to the foregoing statements and details in this report as all the facts relating to the subject that lam able to obtain. I cannot find any evidence that the disease was imported here and developed by contagion. It can be said that the disease may have been thus introduced in some unknown manner; but, granting this, no satisfactory evidence can be adduced from the facts observed to rtccount for its development from such imported contagion. It is, probably, hardly to be doubted that several cases of disease manifesting the type of yellow fever occurred before October 7th, but I cannot believe that the sudden and wide-spread development of the disease after the hurricane can be accounted for on the theory of contagion. The facts as observed rather indicate that there may have existed an atmospheric epidemic influence, affecting especially the crowded and unhealthy localities in the city. This infecting element may have made its advent with the hurricane, or, if existing before, was then greatly augmented in virulence; while, at the same time, the people were made more susceptible by being generally subjected to great physical exhaustion and the reaction from fear and mental excitement. I have the honor to be, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, EDWARD COWLES, Assistant Surgeon, and Brevet Captain, U. S. A. Brevet Major General J. K. Barnks, Surgeon General. Rinogoli) Barracks, Tkxas, (Mohcr 20, 1867. Genkraj. : In my letter of .September 4tli, you will recollect I reported that upon my arrival here in the early part of August, I recommended the commanding officer at this post to stop all communication with CwjNM Christi and other infected neighborhoods by putting guards upon the most frequented roads between those places and Rio Grande City. In accordance with these WmggmHotß, this wan done in time to prevent the €'iitrance of an infected merchandise train, from which two persons subsequently died of yellow fever, near our quarantine station. The mail rider, who arrived from Corpus Christi about the same time, and vim ordered back without his mail being opened, died of that disorder during his trip. I have the honor, also, to recall to your memory the fact, then mentioned, of the arrival of an ambulance containing three passengers from Corpus Christi, which, \,y making a detour of fifteen miles north, had avoided our quarantine guards. Two of these, passengers, all of whom were ill of yellow fever, were left at a point above, and crossed into Mexico, where one of them is known to have died. The third, and owner of the carriage, passing down to hi* residence at Rio Grande City, was seen and Mat half a mile from town, where be died during the succeeding night from that disease. The citizen (Merrick) who warned him off, and, no doubt, came in contact with him, an old resident, habituated to yellow fever, and thoroughly acclimated, was, on the eighth day afterward, taken ill, and this was probably the first cane of yellow fever in town, though, from fear of isolation by the military quarantine, and in part from the pecuniary interests of the few American inhabitants of the place, it was kept strictly secret. The family of the deceased person who had been with him during Ml illness, consisting of four adults and two children, after taking some blankets from the carriage and remaining a part of the night with some i'l -ienda (named Garcia) at a ranch near the spot, fearing a rigid quarantine for themselves", crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico, having first sold the blankets which had been used by th«« deceased during liis illness to the friends with whom they stopped during the remainder of the night. All this family, with the exception of one child, died of yellow fever. One other person, who, though not a clergyman, olliciated M co:ifesHor to the 104 (lying man, fearing isolation, went to a IWch about lour miles down Mm river, on the American side, where, some days afterwards, lie was taken ill ami died, it in supposed from the effects of the MOM disease. This one, and iliose of the Garcia family, fix or seven persons, mentioned above, were; the first deaths from yellow fever, but not known to be that disorder, because the connection between the Corpus Christ i cases which occurred in the ambulance was not established, and, being poor Mexicans, no phy.-:-cian was consulted. These parties, with the exception of the two left up the river, were all Mexicans, and the evidence, thus far, of direct infection, is reliable. The ambulance, a private conveyance which hail conveyed the disease to this locality, w;is burned during the day, after the death of its owner, on my recommendation, by order of Brigadier General Mackenzie ; and it was supposed that the entire contents of the carriage were at the same time destroyed, and it was not for some time subsequently that the sale of the two blankets mentioned above was ascertained from the surviving member of the Garcia family. About the third week of September the mortality in Itio Grande City, which is about the third of a mile from these barracks, and said, according to good authority, to contain about seven hundred and fifty inhabitants of all ages, began to assume an alarming increase, but was entirely confined to the Mexican portion of the population. About the same period Dr. B. S. Keilly. late an Acting Assistant Surgeon, stationed at this post, informed me that he had seen and treated three cases of yellow fever in one jacal, (hut,) but on an inquiry being made of him a short time afterward by the commanding officer, he denied its being yellow fever. Inquiry made of citizens at the same period brought out the statement that it was not yellow fever, but a bilious remittent fever, usual every fall. No more attention was paid to the subject until September 13d, when a citizen was sent to the post hospital by Brevet Brigadier General Mackenzie, commanding the post, without my knowledge. The patient, F. H. Forbes, a former employe of the quartermaster's department, being sick in town, was sent into the hospital as stated. On hearing of his admission about four or five hours afterwards, I visited him, and, suspicious of his appearance, cautioned the hospital steward ; and when the disease developed itself, I had the greater portion of the bedding removed from the ward. A short time afterward, the unmistakable black vomit appearing, the hospital was at once vacated, and the patients put into tents. The patient died daring the night, and was buried two hours afterward. The hospital was then closed and thoroughly fumigated with sulphurous acid, and no pei-son permitted to enter the building. Some of the clothing of the three soldiers (blacks) acting as his attendants, together with all the bedding contained on the patient's bed and the two adjacent ones, was burned, and it was expected that these prompt steps would prevent its further development at these barracks. The second case known as yeilow fever, occurring in the neighborhood, was that of Dr. Keilly, at Rio Grande City, who was taken ill on Sunday or Monday, September 21st or 'Z2d, and died September Wttb. Dr. Headley, of Camargo, Mexico, who attended him throughout the night of September Mth, and until he died, pronounced this a case of yellow fever, as did a number of citizens who had before seen and nursed the disease. The following Saturday, October 4th, Dr. Headley was taken ill at his home in Camargo, and on the 'Jth day succeeding his attack, October 19th, his wife, Mrs. Headley, who attended him through the first night of his illness, was taken sick with the prevalent disease. Another case may be mentioned of an American named Garner, who was the sleeping companion of Forbes for about ten days previous to his illness. This person was taken during the middle of the week and died on Saturday, September 27th, the same day as Dr. Keilly. Mr. Dallas, on Tuesday, September 13d, brought my patient Forbes to the hospital in a buggyiind was taken ill on the following Monday night. On the same day, September 29th, I was taken ill, it being the seventh day after the admission of Forbes to the hospital. There being no physicians of easy access, I had recourse to a merchant who had spent the summer in Corpus Christi, where, having recovered from the disease, he acted as a volunteer nurse and saw a hflgt number of cas.s. His idea of my appearance was that the disorder which manifested itself was yellow fever. The Bkin, though not presenting a marked appearance, was, I have been told since by officers, very slightly tinged; and the eyes, according to my nurse, the merchant spoken of, presented a peculiar appearance. Pain over the inner canthus of the eye, which seemed to r»-ach to the back of my head, where it was most intense, was the most noticeable symptom to me. Tendi •rm ss over the stomach and liver were reserved until the third or fourth day, and not very marked. The icteroid hue of the skin became very plain, and the eyes somewhat more highly colored about the same period. I have followed the origin of this disorder here more closely, and have taken pains to ascertain the facts more particularly, because many seemed at first to question if this was yellow fever. Some of the citizens insisted that it was not ; but a remittent fever, with a jaundiced condition of the skin and eyes, and, in fatal cases, a vomiting of blackish matter, but not the real black vomit of yellow fever. Others, quite as intelligent, as strenuously asserted that it was yellow fever, of which they were competent judges, having seen and nursed it through repeated epidemics. The first ease recognized as yellow fever in this vicinity was that of the citizen Forbes, which occurred in this hospital, and whatever the citizens in town may determine their epidemic to have been, it is noue the less certain that it was an infectious disorder presenting many of the characteristics of yelluw i'vvt'r. Never since the last epidemic of yellow fever in 187*8 has the mortality at this place been one-tenth as severe as during this fall. El'he little graveyard of Rio Grande City, for the thirty days ending the middle if October, showed over eighty new-made ids, speaking louder of the mortality for that month than any statistics that could be arrived at in such a community. The nights of October were ushered in with quite chilling weather, and, either from want of more material, which some assert, or •fleets of a few nights at a temperature about forty-five degrees, the disease seems to have abated, and we hear <>1 scarcely iew cases, though I am told six or seven deaths have occurred during the past week. The commanding officer of the post, as soon as the first ease was discovered, was recommended to prohibit OMMMMBM between the garrison and the citizens, and isolation of all suspected cases; a cordon of sentinels completely around the garrison accomplished this object, making ingress and egress impossible. My own case beinu' the only one that subsequently occunvd, I received the full benefit of my own suggestion, by having sentinels placed a short dfalttM off entirely around the building which I occupied during my illness. Two other cases were reported during my illness : the first was th.it.of Colonel Shafter. who was taken ill on the second day after his arrival at the post, but, according to my mind, with none of the symptoms of the yellow t.ver. Ihe other w;,s t.u.t of II 105 Private Alexander, (a negro,) a niii'sc, who had been exposed, and may, perhaps, have had a slight attack; hut I think hi* cane was called yellow fever on too slight grounds. I have the honor to be, very respect fully, your obedient servant. CHARLES ('. FIRLEY, Acting AstitUmt Surgeon, ('. S. A. Brevet Major General J. K. Hahnf.s, fhurgttu (Irnrntl. JEFFEItS©*, TEXAS. .Ji:il KHSON, TkXAS, Xorrmhcr'M), 1887. GbXKBAL: I have the Ik»iioi-. respectfully, to report as follows upon tin; appearance of yellow fever at this post : Serjeant .Joseph Hogan, Company '" I ),'' 2< tli I. S. Infantry, arrived here on the evening of the KM ultimo direct from Baton Bouge, 1. a., by steamboat direct from New Orleans, (where he had gone about one month previous as witness at a court martial.) with no apparent symptoms of disease but those of the character to which unaccliinated persons are so subject in this climate, and similar to attacks lie laid had during the season. Several days previous to his departure hi' was seized witli a violent attack of vomiting and retelling, which recurred, while en route, several times during the day, but less violently. It is my opinion that what he had here was a relapse, the disease having been contracted at Hatou Rouge, La., and that lit; had gone through the first and a portion of the second stage before arriving here — in a very mild form, however; three prominent resident physicians whom I had in consultation fully concur with me in this. It is my opinion, further, that his was a sporadic case, as lie was not directly exposed to any contagious influence, it not having been epidemic at Hatou Rouge, La., nor was there even a MM there so far as I can learn ; neither were there a case on board the boat which brought him here. Though the season was far advanced and our camp distant four miles from the city, upon a high and open site, yet every precaution was taken to pjvvent its spreading, by isolating those who had been directly exposed upon sites to leeward of the camp, keeping large files burning continually to windward of it, and administering quinine and whiskey as a prophylactic to the well portion of the command three times per day for the period of two weeks. Out of five who were directly exposed, but one took it; this case wa> <¦(' a very iniid form, recovery was rapid and without one untoward symptom, having used no other treatment than that known here as the domcetk. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. L. BUFFINGTON, Acting AuitUmt Surgeon, U. 8, ./. Brevet Major General .F. K. Bauus, Smrgton OtnenU, NEW iit ¦¦: ie i% . iomshn\ [ Extract.] Ni:\v Fisi:i:i\, L\., Ocittttt I. 1887. <-i \i.i:.W.: I have the honor to acknowledge tin- receipt of Circular No. . r > on epidemic cholera, it being the fourth circular thai has reached bm since I have been bore. Having ban ami I/ere by the Burgeon in Chief of Pnraaii I*., I', and A. L to assist in the relief of the sick- and destitute fn e.lmen during the terrible epidemic of yellow fever, there bsisg no acting Surgeon besides. I have taken them-from the po»t The command at present is removed, for ,-afety, MOM fifteen mi|e,< from this place, their acting Surgeon having died lately. Most respectfully, \VM. M. MILLER, Acting AttUhtni Smrgton, I', s. ./ 106 M:\t <>m i \ w m>i isi \v\. HXADQUABTttfI J'llTII MIUTAItV DUTKICT, \i:\v Oi:i.i;a\s. La.. Mag 99, 1887. Bknkkai.: I liavc learned from ¦ reliable sourac thai yellow fever is prevaOtng in the harbor <>f Havana, island of Cuba, nil jour attention to this fact, so thai yon may put the troops of your command in tin; tiest sanitary condition, as the uic may reach lien- at any time, owing'to neglect of the proper authorities to establish quarantine regulations. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant I. 11. BHERIDAK, M'i ,',r Otmtrmlf V. fid Arm). Brevet Major General J, A. Mowkk, Commanding District <>f Louisiana, New Orleans, I.n. Circular Letter addressed t<> the Medical Oficert tenting In the Fifth Military District. QKADQUABTBBB I'll 111 Mll.lTAliv DISTRICT, Mi;ni< ai. I)n:i:( tok's OmCB, NKW Oi:u:a.\s, La., /mm 17, 1867 III:: Your attention is invited to Circular No. 15, Burgeon General's Ofice, April 80th, 1887, with the suggestion thai the on of the post commander lie drawn to the propriety of selecting, in advanc". proper sites for " quarantine of observation" d to therein ; and for B temporary separate encampment of his own command in addition, should the outbreak of cholera of : fever necessitate its removal. Care should he taken to insure these places being Kept in a fit state tor occupation by troops, and with a sufficient supply of wholesome water available on each. ' lamp equipage should lie .it hand if BO building! are available. Where it is possible to ehoosft, the highest places should be selected, and the dryest and hardest ground, such as the rfdgl of it watershed, and never excavated or moist ground, for encampment of troops or site for hospitals. I 'he recession of surface water, and the consequent drying of Impregnated porous soil that has been thoroughly naked tor time, appear to be of the greatest weight in determining the time of outbreak of a cholera epidemic In river channels, in s, and at the feet of steep declivities, the above three factors are often in combined action, since these conditions of surface >te the formation, collection, stagnation and variation of surface water.* Against peculiarities of soil, surface water, and poisonous Impregnation, scarcely anything can be attempted at short notice : When the introduction of cholera germs coincides with the presence of tbwa three factors in an unfa vorab],- MUM, there is nothing IdoiK — save disinfection — but to avoid or desert the locality. A judicious preference of bigil levell with compact Mil-oil more important when it is impossible to insure perfect disinfection of all excreta. The use of lime, chloride of lime, and es for disinfection of excrementitioiis lluid or other such matter should be discontinued, and copp-ras. carbolic add, OT agents, used instead to produce an acid reaction. As it is probable that tin- alkaline oondition is fSSSntfal to developm-nt ¦ germ or poison of cholera, the retardation of this reaction, or its complete neutralization, if the alkaline condition has already produced, is to be seemed by systematic daily use of sulphate of iron and carbolic acid, article* which are cheap :\A\y procured. The most complete possible ivmoval of all exposed organic remains and foul substances from the vicinity of human dwellings, md the destruction of all worthless and suspicious refuse, should be strictly enforced, but always with a preceding thorough disinfection. Khe excreta, urine, and vomited matters should be received in vessels already disinfected ; all buckets, utensils, water, QQiepOOta, ¦ewers, pipes, Ac., that may have at any time contained them, as well as soiled linen, -lothhig, or wooden OH which excreta have been spilt, should be thoroughly disinfected and purified. The intestinal contents of cholera corpses and everything soiled by them most be similarly disinfected. I'opperas and chloride of manganese (containing iron) would injure clothing and floors by rust stains. Solutions of carbolic ii water or the salts of zinc have not this disadvantage. Carbolic add leav...- a very persistent odor. M that for linen and matters watery solutions of sulphurous acid or of sulphate or chloride of zinc may be preferred. Whatever artid, - lding Of Clothing have received infected matters from patients, and 0801104 be readily disinfected, should be destroyed ! laces where cholera or yellow fever prevail should gen. rally be avoided by troops on the march, and they should encamp neighboring open country rather than go into quarters in an infected town. If quartered in the healthy MOtJ N II tralli*' with the infected districts therein should be prohibited. a.-es of diarrhoea should, if drcomataneM allow.be treated in an isolated premonitory ward, the dejections brfngd A special hospital at some little distance, or. still better. MBtl or huts, should receive case.- ofsuspeeted epidemic di-a-e. , ; |lv of eholem or yellow fever, rompt isolation and disinfection may prove to 1m- protective of the command and no dispersion bCCOIW eMB *f T - "' st care and attention should be given, therefore, to these objects, as the inconveni, ?.-,¦> and difficult!* inseparable tr , al are great, although the contingency uaj have been anticipated, and under the best circumstances. «T. CM«ta«w, Dr. Mv v..,, p»ttnlM*r, m 4 Dr. C. A. WwdUrtlnli kppmMM la iii.it>....!> AMnM mohi 107 yf a decided outbreak, however, occur in the barracks, especially of cholera or yellow fever, (indicating an epidemic tendency unmistakable manner.) it will be proper to evacuate the premises, and then no delay should attend the movement ; the ,-ick irilinary diseases being also taken away, to share the benefit of removal from the infected atmosphere. The command should not return until the epidemic has ceased. The barracks should not be reoectipi< d until they have been thoroughly fumigated, disinfected, ventilated and purified. Should cholera or yellow fever follow the trojps, they should be moved short distances every second or third day without fatigue to the men, at right angles, if possible, to the prevalent wind and track of the disease. Wood fires, if necessary, can be maintained to the windward of camp. A camp once left should nor be returned to again if another can be selected. Separate the sick and place the hospital tents to leeward. The excreta should be buried deeply and covered with eaith by a special party with a non-commissioned officer in charge. Take care in moving to cover effectually everything liable to make the ]>lace a focus of disease for others. During the removal the men should not sleep on the ground or in damp places; cots should be carried, if possible. The prevision of the commander for this contingency will diminish the amount of exposure and consequent sickness among the men. The daily use of disinfectants should be continued throughout the season, and will assuredly tend to lessen the tendency to grave types of disease and promote the general health and efficiency. At all times let the best water be secured, and see that the supply is daily as pure as possible. When cholera approaches every person should carefully avoid all influences which his experience tells him are likely to produce diarrhoea, and if attacked should immediately seek medical aid. J* Fequent daily visitations of the healthy, so as to detect all illness at its commencement, has, in all epidemics, been of the greatest benefit to the people. Tainted provisions should be avoided, diet should be moderate, clothing should afford sufficient protection from cold without checking transpiration. Being chilled will often drive the circulation from the surface of the body and occasion congestion of internal organs, or catarrh of the mucus membrane. The abdomen should be warmly clothed, which can be suitably done by a flannel bandage. Qood beds and clean linen are important aids to uninterrupted transpiration. Long continuance in a confined air (as in a dwelling) which withdraws too little water and carbonic acid increases the disposition to cholera. The absence of fresh air, bad ventilation (as in ships) in crowded barracks, prisons, or rooms too small for the number of inhabitants, have '.*. yKNKHAI,: I have forwarded to your ofhVe, aj different times, all reports received from the medical officers upon the d&MM)M ¦nt at their stations. The reappearance of yellow fever and cholera in this district in Mi 7 gives the subject unusual t, especially in regard to yellow fever, which commenced early, spread widely, and proved fatal to many thousands. B-'.f'iCi, A.-iatic cholera, newly imported, rapidly spread after .June, and was the prominent and most fatal disease. Yellow not appear until late in Augu.«t, Hfjfj, and though the individual cases were severe, its greatest mortality did not exceed r day. The lateness of the season, the advent of cold weather, (which was earlier in lHfid than in 1H(!7,) and the of cholera, may have contributed to prevent it becoming epidemic in 180 th Cholera reappeared here June, 1867. It as.-umed, in July, an alarming character in one precinct, and called for very MJtrgatk action on the pji't of the civil authorities. It then declined and almost passed out of consideration until autumn, when, as fallow i'-vt-r declined, chol.-ra BgaM increased to mxlci, d,aths per day. Five bundled and eighty-one citizens died of the diaatM in H ( r7 compared with 1,180 in HW. Five soldiers died in 1807, (average mean strength of the command 1,140,) as 108 Xi anticipation of an epidemic, disinfectants wee distributed to the stations in tin.- tfttag, and recommendations made in to establish quarantine stations in Texan ports, and maintain fWjranlhua of utmi »aHun after May Ist, MJ7. In Louisiana, uarantine stations, regulations, and officers were already in txiotOßOt under State laws. Tin; pabttc press had reported yellow fever at tlie Istlmius of Panama in March, and also in May at Nassau, St. Thomas, Jamaica, Guayaquil, Huena Ventura, Havana and Vera Cruz. There were 86 cases and 16 deaths reported on the steamer BoMMO en route front Panama to San Francisco in July. St Havana, and especially in Vera Cruz, which had been some time a besieged city, the disease prevailed severely. Prom laces tliere were arrivals at this port an well an from Indianola, where yellow fever had been introduced by arrivals on the NT Santa Margarita, which left Vera Cruz the 11th of May and arrived May 21st. There was no quarantine attempted anywhere in Texas until July, and in Louisiana, although it innv have bow enforced generally by (iiiarantine physicians with especial vigor, it is true that pMBOngSM from several infected localities pa.-sed up to this city, without being detained as suspected, until .July. The fever broke out in Indianola in May, 1867, and though many were dying in June of the disease, the fact was not known elsewhere until late in June, perhaps July, when passengers from Indianola had sickened and died at Galveston, .South Wool I'ass, mouth of the Mississippi river, and New Orleans. The fever appeared at the Mississippi river, the principal quarantine station, July Ist, viz: 4 cases on the brig Virginius from Havana. It did not, however, visit the colored troops and white officers at the forts a few miles below quarantine, viz : Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip. Neither did it appear at Fort Pike at the Kigolettes. If the disease be propagated by an atmospheric wave, it might be expected to have affected some one of these localities. The only stations in the State of Louisiana where the troops were affected to any extent were those at and adjoining New Orleans. The troops here, when yellow fever appeared, were quartered as follows: Commercial Hotel building, corner Tchoupitoulas and Girod streets, Ist district, Companies "C," '" G," and " H," Ist U. 8. Infantry ; Bailor* 1 Home building, corner Tchoupitoulas and Erato streets., Ist district, Companies '"A," and " B," Ist U. S. Infantry ; Cotton Press buQding, corner Cotton PjreM and Love streets, 3d district, Company "G," Gth U. S. Cavalry; Jack-on Harraeks, nix miles from the central portion of the city but adjoining the city limits, Companies "E." ''¥," and "X," Ist U. S. Infantry, and Battery "' X," Ist U. S. Artillery. Three Companies CC," "G," and "II") Ist Infantry were moved from Commercial Hotel to Jack-on Harracks An.i--' 98th, 18C>7. Companies "A"' and " B," Ist U. S. Infantry, quartered in the Sailors' Home since March 89th, IBti7, and the pod band, were moved, August 17th and 18th, I^o7, to Greenville Barracks, being the late General Hospital pavilions connected witli the post hospital at Greenville, distant nix miles from the central portion of the city. Greenville Barracks, headquarter! band, and '" H" and ''I " Companies of the 30th U. S. Infantry, colored regiment, numbering 22b nieir! occupied the pavilions not in use as hospital wards. At Greenville, 79 colored recruits of the 9th V. S. Cavalry, and 16 recruits of the 41st I. S. Infantry, were encamped several hundred yards from the hospital. In consideration of the previous use of the building, and the unhealthfulnes* of the locality, the troops in the Sailors' Home were observed closely in the expectation that disease mighi appear there early, and as soon as there was reason to be) local cause might be operating, the building was vacated. Dr. Brown, in his report, states that the Sailors' Home was occupied in 186") and 1866 as a yellow fever hospital for the naval vessels stationed at \e\T Orleans. Dr. Heber Smith details the history of the occupation and use of the building. His letter is enclosed. It would appear that it was during the summer and fall of 18G4 that there was so much fever in the ¦quadron, and that yellow fever patients were received from the ships until late in the winter. Fatal cases occurred there as late M February, 1865. He thinks there were no cases of ycilow fever admitted in the summer of 181)5, and that no new patient! were received for several weeks before it was finally broken up, patients being transferred to Pensacola at different times, as they were able to travel, before the hospital was broken up, October Ist, 1865, and the appurtenances removed. It was feared that yellow fever would again prevail in 1865 if this course was not pursued. ¦c Sailors' Home was vacant in I — : *>(>, I believe. It was first occupied by U. S. troops March 89th, 1867; July 90th, Id, 4th, 7th, Btb, and 9th, single cases of fever occurred at the Hon.e. On the 10th, two cases: on the 12th, four oaSM : bleb it was determined to evacuate the building. The troops were transferred thence to Greenville, m few miles abort The troops at the Commercial Hotel were moved, not because there was necessity for vacating the building, but as the disease was extending in the city, and likely to invade these quarters, they were moved while still considered a healthy OOttM the barracks, in order to be out Of the city, and at the same time to be near to hospital accommodations for prompt treat meiit. After August 30th the troops, except Company "G,"6th Cavalry, which, being in the 3d district, was not far from Jadnon Harracks, were out of the city, and convenient to the principal hospital*. The necessary duty to be done in f!.. i ly, however, brought the men back and forth to the city, and in the hot s.in. The admissioi.s to post hospital Greenville afca*M rf velh.w ferer early in the season were of soldiers >erving in New Orleans, and did not originate at ( .reein ille. The period of extreme severity among the troops, when the number of daily admissions of new MBM and deaths were largest, continued in .m the l">th to 30th of September. As the epidemic advanced additional medical attendance became necessary. Assistant Burgeon Croiikhite, and Acting Assistant Surgeons Mauran and Tonner. were sent to Galveston : Assistant Burgeon ('. B. White. September 6th, and Acting Assistant Surgeons .1. I>. Johnson. September 11th. Z. P. Doehnler. September 80th, J. f. Payne, September •Jtith. and Chariot Lodge, October M, were sent to Jackson Barrack* for duty. The following Acting Assistant Surgeons were sent to Greenville for duty in and near the New Orleans post hospital : Dr. .1. J. Aocrbaeb, August l-'th : J. T. Scoti. September Kith; Heber Smith and Charles l'elaez. September 'SM ; F. A. Wili,i:m». September 96th j and J. O. Taylor. October 984. The greatest virulence of the disease s Ito have been manifested in th» Mlowmg COBimaildt '. Indianola. w here, out of iff mici, li died; Hempetead, 65 caeee, •-'!• died; Galveston, -JU7 cases. 8-2 died: Houston. 71 cases, •-'."> died: New Orleans and 109 vicinity, H-^'J eases. 'Jl-' died ; Victoria, Texas, 18 cases. 4 clii'il. It is proper to remark that only 16 BUM ami !• ileattis occurred in the whole of the twmetirti ¦erring in the District of Louisiana outside of New Orleans. The nnnher of citizens who died in (iiihistmi of yellow fever was 1.17". and in New Orleans. IS. 107. The disproportion in the population between the two cities evidences the cxres.»i ye fatality of the disease at the l'ormer place. lam of Opinion, however, that'inany die lin New Orleans of the prevailing disease who were erroneously reported as dying of other diseases. The mortality by fevers in New < )rleans during the year was 4.076, and from all causes, 10,006. The aggregate number of yellow fever cases belonging to the army, Miring in the States of Louisiana and Texas, and in Ship Island. Mississippi, during the season, was 1,937, and the deaths 384. During the ye.ir the total mortality from all causes in the army serving in the Fifth Military District was 608. John Cowarts, tin- first fatal case reported in New Orleans, died .June 10th, with black vomit, in the Charity hospital, ;i day after admission ; he came from No. 'l Circus street. Three weeks before his deatli he had shipped as sailor on the Italian hark Bessie, loading with staves in the 4th district for Barcelona. The reave] came from Havana Marco 86th, 1H67, loaded with sugar; arrived in New Orleans April J"2d, and went into dry-dock at Algiers for repairs before loading with staves, having bean damaged while coining up the river. Second case, John Koddis, Dr. Hriekell report! as taken sick on St. Charles street, near Julia street, on the I:sth of June ;he recoveied. Third case, 11. A. Gelston, reported, by Dr. Folwell, sick on Julia street, between Camp and St. ( harles streets ; he died June 83d. Fourth case, John lionanan, arrived from Cialveston on steamer 1 lewes ; sick in QalveStOßJ «.n rhe 19th with chill; arrived at New Orleans stock-landing Slat of June, and went to the Texas Hotel, at the head of Napoleon avenue; he died June SBfh with black vomit. Fifth, John Dougherty, dieil at Charity hospital "^Oth of June — brought from No. 61 Girod street ; he was employed near the ¦hipping on coal bargee at Algiers. Lieutenant Oi ville Dewey, U. S. A., died of yellow tever. June 30th, at the St. Charles Hotel; he had arrived from Indianola on a steuner a few days previous. June Js same week, recovered ; Ist mate of the refers, taken sick about June 90th, recovered ; 8d mate of die PeteßJ, sent to Charity hospital, and died July Oth ; Captain Hooper, of the Peters, taken sick July 7th, died July 13th; Beth Vorke. who bad visited the Peten frequently, died at Charity hospital of yellow fever July Nth. The remainder of the crew, bix sailors, disappeared, and no trace has been found of them. Captain J. I). Hell, Texan stock-trader, who came passenger on the same steamer with Lieutenant O. Dewey, was visited by Dr. Wood, June 30th, at the Stock-landing Hotel, being then in the third day of his attack of yellow fever. In the same house, llonanaii. Dr. (Jreeiileaf's patient, died the day previous to Captain Bell being taken sick. Captain Bell recovered. Captain Pennington died July 10th of yellow fever: I believe he WSJ Captain of the bark Frank Marion, which arrived in New Orleans from Cardiff about the SBd of June. He was a patient of Dr. Wood. July I*', four CSSeS of yellow fever were brought to the quarantine station, arriving on the brig Virginias, from Havana, after eight days' passage. During their detention two other cases occurred. Private Benjamin Miller, Ist Artillery, taken sick at Jackson llarracks. July Ist. died July Bth, >t yellow fever. Private Charles 11. Wurtz. taken sick July 11th with yellow fever at Jackson Barracks, recovered. Private John O'Neil. ( lompsny "O," (ith F. S. Cavalry, was t ikea sick July sth, in New Orleans, and died July I:sth of yellow fever, at post hospital, Greenville. Private Francis Ziininer, ( lompany " H/' Ist U. S. Infantry, reported July Sid, and died July 86tb of yellow lev er, at < Greenville. Thomas Kelly, age lso, bora in Newfoundland, longshoreman, last at sailor's boarding-house, No. 373 Victory street, near Pontebartrain railroad depot, came from New York, had been twelvemonths in the city, was admitted to Charity hospital July SSd, and died the same day of yellow fever. Peter l'eiiell, age 2], e;.ine sick from GalveSton, Texas, July 84th, died July '2, from Denmark, arrived about February, 1867 ; he was taken sick July 80th, I^o7, and died AttgUSl 4th, 1 -07 ;he was a ulazier. ;md died at his boarding-house. No. :>(>."> Victory Mrcet. The wife of Antonell, age 31, from 1 Denmark, came with her husband, was taken sick- July :50th, and died Auffust Bd, of black vomit, at No. Ufifi Victory street. Mrs. Law-on. age 44, from Copenhagen, Denmark, came from Mobile, July 6th, Hf>7, was taken sick August oth, and died August 12th, of black vomit, at No. 966 Victory street. James Hannigan arrived from (jalveston, Texas, on the steamer Harlan ; took hoard at No. 339 Old Laves street. July SSd ; died on the 95th with yellow fever. The preceding Bases SOfloe to show the origin of such as are known to me. The archives of the hoard of health may give and iii regular roseession. I question whether there is any source from which a complete record could he prepared, on account of the neglect of practitioner! to report all their oases. The very divans wrthnstws made of the number of casea and : mortality evidence! the difficulty of obtaining reliable data. Whatever may be deduced from some of the cases, importation i- shown from Havana, Indianola, Gslveston, and New Iberia. The disease was introduced into Indianola from Vera Cruz, as before Stated, in May. The fever was epidemic in Indianola June 15th; at ( Jal veston late in July. It, vt'iy soon appeared in the adjacent interior towns, viz : at I [ouston, Lavaoea, and ( !orpas ( 'lnisti. Texas. (Quarantine was enforced in New Orleans iii July Wgrfnfft Texan pofta, and |ia--en:;er> from Texas made their way into the adjoining OOUntisi of Louisiana. Very soon yellow liver broke out with violence in New Iberia, in western Louisiana, and became epidemic the first week in August. The Howard Association of New Orleans sent assistance, nurses, and physioiant there August 10th. On that day Dr. shields, Acting A —tftant Surgeon. I . s. .\.. recently arrived from New Iberia, upon summons a- ;. witll— S, died in this city, of balck vomit. Other place! in the interior of Loui.-iana and TeXM then became affected. 'I he yellow Jsver of I- 1 *" may be stated Id have become epidemic generally wherever it appeared within its usual limits, and if would SSSSJ that the type of the ditMUD was such as tended naturally to extend rapidly over populations. In New Orleans sanitary eflbrti ware made for prevention ami mitigation of its apiead. Although they were employed at a late ; ¦• •! to i limited extent, and not employed generally with confidence by the health authorities, it is fair to say, that such 110 ¦l(> in yellow fever, ate. 'I lie report of Dr. I-;x\ is (ropy :« } « ] ><>r i Annetto street; Casacalvo near FVsoehmea; Levee between Maaantand Liscps; ship Zimi, 1 time fumigated; ship City of Limerick; corner of Enghien and Morales streets; Independence street; Mb Casacalvo; if Porl and Good Children ; corner of Elrnira and Greatiuen. Respectfully, E. S. LKWIS, lii'iltk o§etr t Third District. Dr. 8. A. Smith, President of the Board o/HeaUM NKW Oi:m;.\ns, Oi ¦•kick OF Tin: Hkw.tii Oi i ICBB, Second District, December 3, 1867. Sn: : In compliance with your letter, I make the following report of the operations of this olfice during the months of July, August, September, October, and November: Up to the. jth of August, the small amount of disinfection required was performed by PoUee (Moor If. Tricon, detailed from the polioe force of this district. The number of cases of yellow fever increasing, I made application to the deputy streel commissioner, seoond and third districts, Mr. Louis C. d'Homergua, who supplied me with men, who have been employed in disinfecting, inspecting, ami serving notices. I have always found this officer ready to 112 Kartment. During the existence of yellow fever here, about 'KM MflM wen reported to me as having died in this district. tliis number, (iill of which premises were disinfected,) MBhoMM had 1 deatli in each ; \2 had 2 deaths; 4 had '.I d'-arhs; ad f> deaths. The mode of disinlictiiiir was by closing the room or chamlier in which the death took place, tightly ,' up the fireplace, arid burning two to four pounds of sulphur in the apartment, which, also, was gMMmllj sprinkled with ¦ acid. .Sulphate of iron was put in the privies and mixed with the excreta, and all bed clothes boiled or destroyed. ¦wring the period embraced by this report, forty-six deaths of cholera took place in forty-five houses, ohlv one house having second case after being disinfected in the first instance Biave studiously avoided in this report giving any opinion or theory as to the causation or mode of propagation of cholera uw fever, or of the efficiency of disinfection therein. I simply report the means adopted by me, and the results nhfr tnod. Inch, of course, you can make the proper deductions. * * * • » « Yours, respectfully, ALFRED. W. PERRY. Health Officer, Second District. Dr. S. A. Smith, President of Hoard of Health. HBADQOAMKM Fifth Military District, Muliral Director's 000$, Xne Orleans, Ln., Mm§ 15, 18M. Gbxuul: In my opinion it would be judicious to institute, t'very year after the Ist of May, along the gulf coast, quarantines of observation, to prevent the introduction of epidemic diseases from suspected ports. It will be proper, also, whenever a f -\v cases of yellow fever appear at any gulf station in the spring or summer season, to abandon the locility, and institute quarantine ; t ir . i i ¦ i - t suspected persons and places; also, to isolate early every suspicious case, and spread out those already in hospital with Other diseases. At the same time, the type of the disease should continue to be studied and observed. The exemption of the troops :it several stations, viz: Baton Rouge, Shreveport, and Alexandria, may be attributed to the prompt removal of the troops to other healthful localities. At New Orleans, circumstances were such as to make it desirable to keep the troops within reach. Tii * type of the disease continued for a long time to be mild, and its extension gradual, without exciting particular apprehension until a late period. •••••••••¦• I am, General, with much respect, your obedient servant T. A. M( PARLIX Sunjeon, and lire ret Hriyalier (Ir-wraf, U.S. A., MedietU Director. Brevet Brigadier General T. H. Nkii., A. A. A. G., Fifth Military District, New Orleans, La Ni.w Oni.K.vNs, La., Morel 7, 13 »S. Gkn'KKAI. : In accordance with your request, I have the honor to present, herewith, an additional report upon thr late epidemic of yellow fever in this city, with some points in regard to the cause, origin, symptomatology, and treatment of the diMOM that may prove of interest. I witnessed, in Charity hospital, on the loth of Jane, the termination of the case that was then, and is still supposed to be, the first that occurred in the city, viz: that of John Covvarts, from the bark Bessie, which I reported to you in full on the following day. It has been claimed, from the evidence presented in this case, that the epidemic last MMM wan of endemic origin ; but a careful examination of all the facts will certainly cist doubts up.>n this conclusion that cannot easily be settled. A brief synopsis of this case will read as follows: John CowartH, seaman, Sil> years of age, had been in and about New Orleans for fourteen months previous to his d>*ath, siiff-ring now and then with intermittent fever. Four weeks before his last sickness, ho shipped on l> jard a vessel lying before the city, loading with staves, and worked in the hold of this ship until the Wednesday. June Bth, preceding his death, when he went on shore to the house of an acquaintance on Circus street, where, two days afterwards, June 7th. he became suddenly m ic'i woi-se, and was conveyed to the hospital, where he died with black vomit on Monday, the 10th. If we stop here in the investigation of the subject, the evidence is certainly all in favor of an endemic origin ; but when we come to inquire into the previous history of the ship in which Cowarts had worked, we find that she had recently arrived from an infected port. Havana, loaded with sugar and molasses, a cargo notoriously favorable for the propagation of yellow fever, and that the length of time thai elapsed from the first exposure of the patient to the manifestation of the disease, corresponds with the views of a late writer upon the subject, who fays that the period of incubation in yellow fever is v longer than is usually supposed, being probably often fourteen or sixteen days." — I'arkes' Hygiene, p. 447. This, then, renders the local origin of the disease last year extremely There is one symptom of the disease that is not mentioned by writers as of much importance, In it to which grwfl weight is attached by physicians in this region, by some considered almost diagnostic of the disease, viz: a congested and spongy condition of the gums, bleeding freely with slight pressure of th ¦ tinker nail. This coi:dition of the l'uins was certainly found in a vt TV large proportion of cases last summer, but I had the opportunity of showing you and Dr. .OJ Charity hospital. Who is a IflU believer in the infallibility of this symptom, one interesting deviation from the rule in the MM of Mr. Pries, Ml Baronne street, whose gums were perfectly natural ; but the mucous membrane of his BOM was very much congested. Several well-marked cases of yellow fever came under my observation in which there was no congestive appearance whatever. 15 113 There were tew physicians in this city who dill not use quinine in some form during the epidemic. Many Mtd it in the mnmer recommended by I'rofesßor Stone — a full dose early in the paroxysm, with a view to both hastening and prolonging the ¦WMting ¦tog* ; and niany believe that quinine also exerts a powerful influence in sustaining the nervous system or vital powers tftroogh tlie terrible depression which remains alter the paroxysm. During the latter portion of the epidemic, quinine was given in another way, and for another object, by many of the private practitioners of the city, with marked success, viz : in large and repeated doses \vith Battley's sedative, in the proportion of one drop to each grain, commencing early in the paroxysm, with a view of getting a head of, and, as it were, controlling it by the remedies. One eminent practitioner and professor gave to a member of his own family a drachm of quinine with nearly as much Battley's sedative in the course of a few hours with the desired elfect. All who tried this treatment speak of it as being more satisfactory in its results than any other. Many of the famous do-nothing men adopted it at last. The fact of this method of treatment coming in use lute in the season may explain its success. Early in the epidemic it might not have been at all applicable ; other seasons must test its merits. The mortality of last year's sickness was remarkably low, and this is attributed to the mild type of the disease. There is no doubt that epidemics differ from each other in severity as individual cases differ; but would it not be well to attribute some of the improvement in this respect to a more enlightened and rational mode of treatment ? Advancement certainly has been made siiir.- the good old parboiling times, when blankets, close rooms, and starvation made up the course patients were put through. We board of but few physicians who subjected their patients to the torture and murderous tendency of a seven days' starvation, as was formerly done. On the contrary, as soon as patients could take the least nourishment, it was allowed them ; often, or I may say generally, witli malt liquor of some kind, for which there was a remarkable craving. The tendency of -the disease to spread over the city seemed to be much stronger this year than in other seasons. In 1864, for example, although the disease prevailed in a virulent form at the United States naval hospital, situated in the h'nnrt of the city, it was confined almost exclusively to that institution. Notwithstanding the thorough disinfection and fumigation of the douse of Natallie Swago, on Circus street, where the man Cowarts remained a few hours, that neighborhood was, as it always h:is been in yellow fever years, a stronghold of the disease. Whether the infection came from Cowarts or not is more than any one could assume to say. In the mouth of July I saw cases of yellow fever in Charity Jiospital among patients who had been a long time under treatment in the institution and at this time cases were reported in widely separated sections of the city. It did not seem to me to spread by an atmospheric wave. May not the virus have .been carried by persons in their intercourse with the sickf In exceptional instances some unacclimated member of a family escaped the disease, although freely exposed in nursing those sick. No undoubted case of the disease occurring twice in the same person in different years came to my knowledge. Nuiiihere of such cases were reported, but it would be found on inquiry that they churned to have had the disease in a year when it was not epidemic, or else they would refer in evidence to the exorbitant bill of some physician for services rendered in yellow fever. 1 In- propriety of quarantine see.ms to depend upon the origin, or non-origin, here of the disease. If yellow fever originates in thia iN(i Si :jc<;kon's Oj-iick, \kw Oki.kans, La., Xorember 8, 1807. (iv.sy.HM.: I have the honor herewith to present my NOjOft as attending Surgeon at these headquarters during the recent epidemic of yellow fever. The officers and troops under my charge were as follows: ¦(MOON and soldiers on duty at headquarters, g, Detached officer* on duty in the city. 15. Military prisoners confined >arishja.il. 4. Company " (.}," »kh I.'. S. Cavalry. 5. Detachments of other commands. Of these, the first two and the last were under my immediate charge. The military prison was at first attended by Acting A-- -;fit Surgeon Heber Smith, and on his being transferred to Sedgwick Barracks, by Acting Assistant Borgonn Homy Smith. Company " (;,*" Maira/ine street. another on the eoinerof Magazine and Calliope streets. No connection MXlld M traced between these cases and any extra sources of infection; but both houses bad I n crowded with yellow fever cases the year before, and (from pofatO to be b forward in writing of the disease as it existed in the Sailors' Home building at a subsequent day) *•*¦ •«¦¦ littl( ' (lolll)t tllat these two persons contracted the disease from the infected walls of the houses where they resided. In the meantime, yellow fever of a naVgDMd type had made its appearance at both eriii, wan taken sick a few days after his arrival, and died of black vomit. Other cases shortly after occurred in the house b« died. 212 Common street. I have thus briefly indicated four sources of infection which may throw some light on the etiology of the disease: Ist. The unclean condition of the city and the entire neglect of proper hygienic measures. 2d. Importation from Havana, as in the case of the bark Florence Peters. 3d. Importation from New Iberia, Galveßton, and Indianola, as in the cases of Lieutenant Dewey and Dr. Shields. 4th. The spread of the disease from houses infected the previous year which had not been fumigated at the time- That the last is not exaggerated as a means of propagating the fever, the history of the outbreak among the troops at the Sailors' Home will show. This building, a large four-story edifice, originally constructed for an asylum for disabled sailors, was occupied in 1805 and 186(5* as a yellow fever hospital for naval vessels stationed at New Orleans.. Only the two lower stories were so occupied, the upper part of the building being vacant. This year it was used as barracks by two companies of the Ist U. S. Infantry and the New Orleans post band. Yellow fever made its appearance among these troops, especially in the band, and there were some twenty-eight or thirty cases in the command before it was removed to Sedgwick Barracks. The band occupied the rear room on the second floor, and suffered most; this room was used last year for yellow fever patients. The company quartered in the upper story suffered but little; thus almost forcing one to the conclusion (there being no other special reason why one portion of the command should suffer more than the other) that the virus of the disease had penetrated the woi'd-work and walls of the room, had slumbered there through the winter, and, with the approaching heat of summer, had been developed into action when appropriate food was offered it. I think if there is one lesson more than another to be learned from the history of this epidemic, it is that there is nothing in the climate or tropical position of New Orleans which originates yellow fever; that with a complete system of disinfection and fumigation of every infected house, a proper attention to street cleu. ling and drainage, the removal of abattoirs, soap factories, cemeteries, and other nuisances beyond the city limits, and an absolute quarantine, (at least fifteen days for all vessels coming from infected ports,) yellow fever can be kept out of the city. lam aware that this is not the opinion of some of the most prominent New Orleans physicians, but I have not seen any valid arguments to prove that yellow fever is endemic in this city, and I have observed much that goes to prove the contrary. It will be observed, in looking at the chart of the epidemic which accompanies this report,t that during the whole month of July (*. c., the period in which the fumigations were most efficiently carried out) the number of deaths did not at any time exceed five per day; and that although the fever was pronounced epidemic by the Board of Health on the 12th of August, yet it was not until the latter part of that month that it became at all formidable. After this time, both fumigations and quarantine were abandoned as useless; the virus of the disease became concentrated in certain houses and localities, and the more malignant types from Vera Cruz, Galveston, New Iberia, and other places, were constantly introduced into the city, undoubtedly aggravating the very mild character of the original disease. From the middle until the latter part of July, the fever prevailed quite extensively in a filthy locality in the third district. Several hundred cases occurred in the vicinity of Victory, Marigny, and other streets in this vicinity. It subsequently died out here entirely, and about August Ist made its appearance in the first district along Tchoupitoulas, New Levee, Magazine, St. Mary, and other streets, extending thence into the fourth district, and being especially malignant in the vicinity of the stock-landing, near the foot of Washington avenue. liy the 12th of August it was so generally prevalent as to warrant its being pronounced epidemic by the Hoard of Health. From this time the number of deaths increased in a steady ratio until the 24th of September, when the mortuary report was 82 from yellow fever, and 133 from all caua at first, but by the 10th of October very decidedly, and on the sth of Nov During the last few weeks it, to a great measure, abandoned the central | found along Claiborne, Union, and the streets on the outskirts of the city and men under the charge of the attending Surgeon had the disease. The It then commenced to decline, rather irregularly causes November the lever was no longer pronounced epidemic. of the city, and most of the cases were to be portion towards Lake Pontchartrain. Nearly all the officers following table shows the number of cases: of cases : number I I i t Command: 1 2 . I i i 6 £ 6 Headquarters Fifth Military District. 8 33 Clerks and orderlies 1 7 17 Detached officers 2 1 i 1 1 i 11 Detachments. I 5 5 ' 12 Company "G/'flth Cavalry 14 55 I ¦to .•I T0ta1 ..." 3 13 06 28 1 111 ¦enlisted men embraced in the above table were sent to Sedgwick hospital, Greenville, Louisiana, as soon us taken sick, esiilt, in their respective cur-i-p, reported by the BugWM in charge of that institution. Consequently, lam unable to give 'Mm mwm Im \>. Mt. 116 the ratio of deaths among them. The following officers died in the city during the epidemic : Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Qmtfft Lee, First Lieutenant, 21st U. S. Infantry; Major George B. Simpson, Pay I)ef)artment, U. S. A.; Captain John \V. Spanj_'!er, 6th Cavalry, U. 8. A. ; Lieutenant O. Dewey, 4th Cavalry, U. 8. A. ; Lieutenant Rossander, 9th Cavalry, U. S. A. ; Lieutenant Wing, 9th Cavalry, U. S. A. ; Acting Assistant Surgeon George W. Shields, U. 8. A. The following tahle presents the total number of deaths in the city of New Orleans as reported weekly by the Board of Health: Datk. No. Rkmakks. Datk. No. Remarks. For month of July 11 Week ending Sept. 22d... 418 Week ending August 4th.. 9 " " " 29th.. 489 For month of September, 1,510. " " " 11th. . 14 " " October 6th.. 431 " " " 18th.. 26 " " " 13th.. 355 " " " 25th.. 77 i For month of August, " " " 20th.. 235 255. " , " Sept. Ist-- 129 " " " 27th.. 120 i " " Bth.. 245 " " Nov. 5th..; 86 To end of epidemic. 1,M7. " • " 15th.. 358 Total 3,003 To this number should be added 220 deaths registered as from pernicious fever, that term being commonly used by th*» Creole physicians as synonymous with malignant yellow fever. This would make the total number of deaths from yellow fever 3,229. The number of deaths from fevers other than yellow and pernicious, from July Ist to November sth, was as follows: Bilious fever 39 Remittent fever 93 Congestive fever 222 Scarlet fever J Intermittent fever 39 Typhoid fever 74 Brainfever 25 Gastric fever i 1 Nervous fever 9 Malignant fever M Total 52 ° Adding these to the cases of pernicious fever gives 746 deaths from fevers other than yellow. Many of these were either cases of true yellow fever, or else the fatal result was due to the modification of the original disease by the epidemic influence pervading the city, instances of \yhich were not uncommon. The following statistics of the epidemic, showing the ages, sexes, and nativities of those who died, will, I am in hopes, be considered as adding somewhat to our knowledge of the classes of persons most liable to this disease. The first table gives the result in 2,56:$ cases, where the ages could be ascertained : No. Kkmahks. No. ItKMAKKS. Age. A(SK. From sixty to seventy 27 11 seventy to eighty 16 " eighty to ninety 3 Over ninety .". 1 Woman aged 94. Total 9.MM 1 ruder ten years. 340 From ten to twenty. 297 " twenty to thirty. 1,036 " thirty to forty. 519 22K " forty to fifty. " fifty to sixty. '.Ml Of 2 M cases note,! 1140 were males, and but 725 females, a result due most probably to .be much greater exposure of mlI1)l ,, of .lis.ba.p.d soldiers, and other - ?lh»l.i *» -^ *• -Kj ** ™ A >™* *V "'J ; , .' ~ . view to business, thus greatly increasing the onlinary number of males in .be nty. HMI «H— '»'¦" ** •** 117 were fifty thousand persons in the city belonging to these classes. In the next table the nativities of those who dietl an; gitta in 2,215 cases in 2,215 cafes : Natives of the United States : Natives of the United States : Maine 15 Maine 15 N.w Hampshire 4 N.-u Hampshire 4 Vermont 5 Vermont 5 Massachusetts 20 Massachusetts 2fi Khod.' Island 2 Khod.- Island 2 Connecticut - . 3 Connecticut • <* New York -. . 80 New York -. . 80 - New Jersey 5 New Jersey 5 Pennsylvania 43 Pennsylvania 43 Maryland 23 Maryland 23 Dtbwan I Delaware 1 District of Columbia 5 District of Columbia 5 Ohio 2i> Ohio 2i> Indiana 15 Indiana 15 Illinois 6 Illinois G Michigan / Michigan / Virginia 33 Virginia 33 North Carolina 3 North Carolina 3 ¦•¦til Carolina 8 South Carolina 8 Florida 2 Florida 2 Georgia 10 Georgia 10 Alabama 22 Alabama 22 Wmiadffi 31 MBmimiffi 31 Tennessee 13 Tennessee 13 Kentucky 36 Kentucky 36 Fniililw :w>o Lonkbm.. 300 Arkansas I Arkansas I Texas 7 Texas 7 Wisconsin 8 W -oh-in 8 MkmmA 28 IliMouri 28 Minnesota I Minnenota I Oregon 1 Oregon 1 Not Btated 10 Not stated 10 T(4al natives 848 Total natives 848 Foreigners : Foreigners : Gkismaxy : Gkis.many : Austria 24 Austria 24 Prussia 103 Prussia 103 Province not stated . . .". 4SMS Province not stated . . .". 41M5 Gkkat Hmtaix: Grkat Bhitaix: Scotland 31 Scotland 31 England 97 England 97 Ireland 436 Ireland 4156 Italy 59 Italy 59 Sicily 16 Sicily 16 76 R ssia 15 R ssia 15 Spain 10 Spain 10 Sweden 10 Sweden 10 Denmark 8 Denmark 8 Poland 12 Poland 12 Finland <» Finland 6 Greece 1 Greece 1 Went Indies , 3 West Indies , 3 Canada 30 Canada 30 Mexico 2 Mexico 2 Sandwich Islands 1 Sandwicli Islands 1 i Australia 1 Australia 1 Total foreigners 1, 3(17 Totel foreigners 1, 307 Kkcapiti'lation. Rkcaiti rr.ATio.v Natives of the United States 848 Natives of the I 'nited States 848 Foreigners 1 , 307 Foreigners 1 , 3f>7 Total deceased - . '.' I ."> Total deceased 2, 215 It will be seen that the number of natives of Louisiana in the above list (335 of whom were natives of New (Mhm) OOWpondl very <1oh»'Iv to the number of deaths of children under ten years of age, and, in fact, the two lists were nearly identical. Very few iidult natives of the city died, although many of them had the fever. This epidemic differed from all others that have visited New Orleans, in the large number of children taken sick. It had been considered, from the experience of previous epidemics, that children under ten years of age were comparatively exempt, but this year they were especially liable. It is nearly a matter of impossibility to arrive at anything like a correct estimate of the total number of cases in the city, but from the records ofbatfl the JJoard of Health and the Howard Association, l>oth of whom had excellent opportunities for ascertaining the facts, the proportion of deaths was placed at not over 5 per cent., which would give rather over sixty thousand as the total number of rn.-e-. which is by no means an extravagant estimate. From the above table of nativities MM idea may be obtained of the comparative liability of different classes of the population. Bcgfanriag with those most liable, the population may be divided into the following classes : Ist, unacclimated foreigners; 2d, uiiaccliinated northern whites; 3d, unacclimated northern negroes; 4th, children born in New Orleans; sth, unacclimated ¦OOdMriMnj fllbj adult natives of New Orleans; 7th, southern negroes. In regard to the 3d class, it may be remarked, that during tbt opidmis a detachment of recruits for the Uth !,'. S. Cavalry (colored) arrived at New Orleans en route to Texas, Uld wen- quartered temporarily at Bodgwisfc Harraoks, Greenville, where there wits a yellow fever hospital. The disease rpiickly mad« i'- BpJMMIBM among them, and they suffered greatly. The same wan also true of the negro sailors of the navy. Tin re w;i- BO exemption whatever lor blacks of northern birth. Among southern negroes tin; disease prevailed to a certain extent. inw;iplf tin- last of the epidemic, but chiefly MBODg those who had come to the city from the eorint'y since the emancipation, and it B generally fatal. There were no statistics to be obtained showing the ratio of mortality among the blacks, but it was small, clinical history of the disease did not differ materially from that noted in previous epidemics. I'rodromic symptoms wen- not constant, the attack commencing with a supraorhital headache, followed soon aftor bjT slight rigors and severe p.iins riliout th<- back of the Mek, the lumbar region, and the calves of the bga, the rigors being ODOMCdod within an hour by fever. TofMfdfl the close of the epidemic, vi-ry many cases assimilated closely to malarial fever, the rigors being more pronounced, the 118 WfciW OKLIjANS, LOUISIANA. 119 last beyond the 72d liour. Tba appearance of the eye was very characteristic, being wild, ferretty, and oMMwkaJ injected, and. latt-r in the attack, deeply tinged with yellow. There WM also a peculiar odor about the patient, hard to he described. But little yellowness of tlie Hkin WM to be noticed, except in fatal cases. Black vomit was comparatively a rare symptom, and :iln:«.-t uniformly fatal, although not MOMMfllj so. It occurred the most frequently in the strongest and most rIgOTMM patients, the weaker or anreniic cases showing ratlier a tendency to DM into a typhoid condition and die of asthenia. 'I he urine was generally albuminous after the third day, and more so in proportion to the gravity of the case, the albumen disappearing rapidly when convalescence wan speedy. Suppression of urine was very common, and in many cases followed by mil poisoning and death by coma. In cases evincing a tendency to black vomit, there was a general disposition to hemorrhages from the gums, nostrils, &c, or any abrasion of the skin. This l.ajmorrhagic disposition was always to be looked upon as a grave symptom. as indicating such a disorder of the blood as would readily terminate in black vomit. When black vomit did occur, it was generally a few hours after cessation of the fever, during the stage of calm. Bulirium was not by any means a constant symptom. In all the milder cases it was entirely absent, but invariably hapwhenever there was suppression. In some of the typhoid cases it persisted for weeks, and in these cases was intermittent haracter, the patient being rational in the daytime and delirious at night. In some cases there was hebetude of mind le beginning; these were severe cases, and recovery, if it took place at all, was tedious. Imong the most annoying complications of disease were the crops of boils which appeared after convalescence was estab. They were most frequent about the back and lower extremity, and were very numerous, sometimes M many as a hun- Itreaking out on one person, of course causing great irritation and retarding convalescence. Kelapse.s were very frequent. ally among the soldiers, who indulged freely in eating and drinking before their stomachs had recovered their natural toM. were very often due to very slight causes. On the 22(\ of September a heavy thunder storm passed over the city. There were several vt.ry severe claps of thunder, and a great deal of electricity in the atmosphere. Nearly all those who were sick did badly in consequence, and the mortuary report was largely increased during the next two days. A physician in high standing in the city had a relapse, fifteen days after lie was pronounced well, from overexertion in attending to his patients. One of my patients relapsed, twelve days after he had been returned to duty, from imprudence in eating pie. Many other similar cases could be cited. Good nursing was the gTMt secret of success in the treatment. Beyond a dose of oil at the outset, and mustard baths repeated sufficiently often to prodm c free diaphoresis, no medication was advisable. Many recommended quinine during the febrile stage, but they did not have as good success as those who adopted the view that nothing whatever should go into the stomach before the fourth day. If it was necessary to stimulate or nourish before that, it was best done by enemata. or sponging with hot whiskey. Knemata of beef tea could be given at any time, and were invaluable. When the immediate danger of black vomit was passed, bland and unirritatiiiir nutriment could be administered by the mouth in very small quantities, and stimulation commenced. It was generally thought well to consult the tastes of the patient us regards the kind of stimulant used, although I found malt liquor of the stronger kinds preferable to anything. When black vomit occurred, a blister was immediately placed over the epigastrium, and willow charcoal, suspended in champagne, administered in smal 1 doses frequently repeated. If this was rejected, or the black vomit recurred, our last resort was then to injections of brandy and beef essence, conjoined with absolute rest and the avoidaii'-e of either food or drink by the mouth. Kaspail's eau sedatif was very generally found a most grateful external application. As used by the New Orleans physicians the prescription was as follows: Saturated solution of chlorinated soda, 13 fluid ounces; strong aqua ammonia. 1 fluid ounotj tincture of camphor, 2 fluid ounces — mix. When suppression of urine was threatened, I found immediate relief in the use of large poultices of flaxseed, completely enveloping the person, in the region of the kidneys, and frequently changed until micturition took place. The practice of frequent cathetemation was to be condemned. In closing this report. I beg leave to state that the medical otlicers subject to my command discharged their duty faithfully and zealously. Acting Assistant Surgeons Heber Smith and Henry Smith, U. S. A., both had severe attacks of the fever, the result of their devotion to their duty. On the SJHth of October I was taken sick myself, and relieved in my duties as attending Surgeon by Brevet Major Morns J. Ascli. U. 8. A., whose duties I had been performing during his absence from the city on detached service. I have the honor to be, General, vvvy respectfully, your obedient servant, HAKVEY E. BHOWX. Imittumi Sari/con, and linrit Major, I. S. J. Brevet Brigadier General T. A. Md'.VKUN, Medical Dtftetor Fifth Military District, Xew Orleans. La Niw OftUUXS, La.. April 9o, 1968. SIX : The epidemic of yellow fever this year ban manifested some interesting peculiarities in its origin. its progrOM '- form, anil its fatality. First, in regard to its origin: then; were none of those coincidences, tliermometric. hygroinctrio. or meteorologic, which are said to foreshadow its outbreak or accompany its acme. It was not by any means a hot summer, for the mortuary statistics of the whol^ 1 city show but six cases of sunstroke for the year — two in .June, three in August, and one in September. There were an unusual number of showers during the summer, which have always been regarded as beneficial to the ireneral health of the city, both by cooling the atmosphere and cleansing the streets, and. according to the Picayune. :ilm<>»t Certainly preventive of an epidemic of yellow fever. Neither was there an unusual prevalence of the north* a.-t wind, which, in old times, was regarded as coming from the region of death. On the contrary, the winds from the south and west, if my reed lection does not deceive me, were of most frequent occurrence. The river was very full, submerging districts in the lowvr portion of its valley and reached its low-water point late in the season. The sauitarv condition was better this year than the lar-t, the Rrom the river running through the city, and the quantity of rain which fell necessarily kept the streets cleaner than in the fore. Besides, a greater activity of the health authorities was used in this direction, under the influence, no doubt, of a of responsibility to military government, which always exacts stricter account of officials than can be obtained by any tal government. The coincidences which show importation as the cause of the fever becoming epidemic are much greater >er than usual, and would prove its foreign origin, it seems to me, to any mind that admits yellow fever to be, in its infectious and importable. The Florence Peters' history illustrates the viciousness of the system of quarantine in operation here, which does not deserve the. name, being a sham, a delusion, a make-believe, in place of one which would be efficacious if properly carried out. The yellow fever prevailed last year in its true infectious fornf in the West India islands and in Vera Cruz. It invaded successively all the cities and towns on the Mexican as well as on the Texas coast, before, as I may term it, the wave rolled over us, appearing at Galveston and Indianola before reaching New Iberia and this city. The Florence Peters arrived almost at the same time as the ship from Indianola which brought the young Lieutenant of the 4th U. S. Cavalry who died at the St. Charles. There was no quarantine enforced in regard to Texas vessels for a month or six weeks after the arrival from Indianola referred to, and, as will be seen in the case of the Peters, the quarantine was merely nominal in regard to vessels from the West Indies, and the usual number of arrivals during the summer from those ports would increase the number of foci of infection. It is notorious that 500 of Maximilian's disbanded army reached this city near the Ist of June, and yellow fever broke out among them on their voyage to New York subsequently. If the yellow fever infection can be imported or transported from place to place in the holds of ships, in fomites, or in the living bodies of human beings, it must be confessed that there were abundance of such opportunities occurring all of last summer — 158 from the Ist of May till the first of November, (see list of arrivals during May, June, July, August, and September, annexed.) Now, to explain what I liave remarked in relation to the system of quarantine which is trusted to prevent infectious diseases being imported into New Orleans, first, ships from infected ports are only detained ten days ; then cargoes are not discharged, and, consequently, the vessel's hold cannot be scrubbed or washed out; wind sails cannot conduct air to replace that fouled in the hold, fumigations being made from utensils placed on the top of the cargo in the hold. It is a physical impossibility that their gases can be disengaged in such quantities as to replace the foul air in the hold, especially that which is held imprisoned in the cellular cavities of the wood with which the ship is built. The quarantine he.-c is notoriously a failure in rendering any protection to the city, while that of New York is a success, if that be the means by which that city has enjoyed an exemption for so many years. The New York quarantine exact* 30 days' detention of vessels and passengers at the quarantine station ; it exacts that the cargo be discharged from the ship and be disinfected, that the bilge water be pumped out, the hold thoroughly washed out and fumigated, and wind sails must play into the empty hold of the ship for a period of at least twenty days, while the cargo is not reshipped, but is sent up to the city on lighters. It exacts most rigorous non-intercourse with the suspected ship, its crew arid passengers, or contact with them and its cargo, from all outside persons. I have ascertained, from facts not to be disputed, that the period of incubation, or that during which yellow fever may be dormant in the systems of individuals before manifesting itself by the prostration of the person by the disease, is twenty-four days. In 1854 the yellow fever appeared in the town of St. Joseph, in Tensas parish, Louisiana, in three different houses not connected with each other, and only affecting the residents of those houses; houses that were between them escaped. Each one of these houses had its own focus of infection nearly simultaneously with each other, and the disease appeared epidemic in them all twenty-four days afterwards. Let me mention, also, that during the year 18(53, when the fever appeared in so many towns in Louisiana, St. Joseph escaped, for the reason, undoubtedly, that the rigid isolation from the world outside, which the people exacted of themselves, protected them from infection ; while a disregard of former precautions on the part of some of them rendered them liable in the following year. The first cases which I saw were those from the ship Florence Peters, a vessel of 347 tons. She cleared from Havana on the 3d of June, 1807; at the time she left, yellow fever was very prevalent in the shipping of the port. She was boarded at the .South West Pass on the 13th. Shi- arrived and tied up at the wharf in Algiers on Sunday morning, the '23d. She had on board, as ship's company, the captain, captain's wife, son, and baby, and the wife's sister, a young lady about seventeen years of age. It seems that all were well up to the day of the ship's leaving the quarantine station, on which day Mrs. Hooper, the captain's wife. RM taken sick, ami, by the time tin; vessel reached Algiers, became so alarmingly ill, that tin; vessel was no sooner tied to the wharf than Doctor Kiley was sent for in the greatest haute. On the following Tuesdny Mrs. Hooper's fever passed off, and iha was removed to a hoarding house in Algiers. On this day her sister was seized, and the following day the baby. The captain* son had been sent over to New Orleans — where, I did not learn — and was also taken sick some time that week. .Mr-. HoojctV remission lusted eighteen hours, when she had an accession of fnviT, which proved to be a secondary continued fever, of which she died the following Sunday, having been ill for a period of nine days. I was called in consultation in her case the day she died; the Doctor had no suspicion of yellow fever, he had never seen a cast!, and thought that this family was down with ship or typhoid fever. I did not hear where the ship was from until I had seen the patient. I found Mrs. Hoojxjr, her sister, an/1 the baby, all in one room, the two ladies in the same bad. A vnry brief examination of the cases satisfied m.- that they were yellow fever. The baby had a bronchitis, which rendered the diagnosis complicated, but I think it fair to presume that it was laboring under the epidemic infection, and the progress of its disease coincided with what should have )iaj.|.«ned had the child been suffering with yellow fever complicated with bronchitis. Mrs. Hooper died the day I saw her, June 31/ th from urumiia; the rest r< covered. At this time the first mate was sick on board tlu; ship, was treated by the- cnptaiii, and recovered: the captain also treated the second mate on board till he threw up black vomit, when lie was removed to the Charity hospital, where he died on the lith of July; he had been taken sick on the 4th and was admitted into hospital on the Hth. ? 'I he- -hip, at this time, had been removed to pier 22, second district. The next death from this ship was that of the captain, who was taken sick on the 7th of July and died on the 13th. The last death wan that of Seth Yorke, who went on board frequently in expectation of taking the place of the deceased mate ; he died 120 fdtnignted by pots, placed over sill the hold, while she lay at quarantine ; she was also, when empty, cleansed and fnmiuated, if I lie order from the Hoard of Health m complied witli. about tlie 10th or lltli, and it was after this date tliat Seth Yorke m attacked. A large MUBbaref sia captains, mates, &c, att.-ii'lcil the funerals of Captain Hooper and liis wife; and many pw - ainiiiiL'- Uimikling men. wliich occurred shortly after their funerals, were believed l>y this cl iss of men to have originated from that circumstance. Captain Hooper's brother came here to take command of the ship, hut became so alarmed from circuniHtanci •> whicli seemed to prove the persistence of infection in this ship, that lie declined to go out in her, hut pref.-rred joining her in the .Meiliterranean by the until steamer. lihI ih records of tlu Hoard of Health .show three deaths from yellow fever in June. The lir.-t occurred on the 2id, in the i baildingt! Julia street, and was reported by Dr. Folwcll; the next on the 88th, at tli<- hotel nsi i.tial, i -ever allowing the patient to rise in the bed or get out of it for any purpose, and urging him to turn over slowly in changing position, so that a quick, sudden movement should not accelerate the circulation. Free perspiration seems to be the mod- by wliich nature relieves the effects of the excessive animal heat generated in this disease; accordingly.it was encouraged in moderation, avoiding covering the patient too warmly. Two blankets at first, afterwards reduced to one, were all I directed to be used. Warm or acid drinks seemed to have equally good results in this way. and I gave the patient his choice. Bl fatal results of suppression of the urine, its acid reaction and its irritant properties, required close attention from the d I used alkalies— the carbonate of soda or potassa, flaxseed tea, and spirits of nitr. — for this purpose; in addition, in ses, to a liniment applied over the region of the kidneys, composed of equal parts of turpentine and spirit.- of nitre. lie neuralgic pains of the head and back or limbs were controlled by using mustard plasters, foot baths as well, with small ,t morphine. The eau sedatif de Raspail, ice-cold. 1 found an excellent application to the he.id. In view of the condition mucus membranes in regard to softening, as well as the arrest of the function of secreting pepsin. I starved my patients, M far as any food which could enter the system by endosmose was concerned, for at least six days. and. tor a reason I shall give hereafter, preferred administering thin broth by en.niata. to sustain his strength, to giving by the mouth any •quiring digestion. I a few cases of great apparent congestion of the brain or viscera I used capping and the abstraction of blond, never more ;ht or ten ounces. I also used blisters over the stomach or to the temple* and back of the sal* to relieve the brain or lach later in the disesse. Stimulants were not used by me indiscriminately, but only as occasion required, rather avoiding ing them too hastily, and carefully watching their effects, l.randy was selected for the remission, and porter for the lOenoe. The carbonic acid water was a grateful drink, and acted like a charm in most ca-rs in controlling vomiting I Iscence. I lie carnonic aciu waiei mwm m gnwwui unu»i •>"" "• > l " ¦¦¦"• ¦ «»¦¦». m > - lg nausea. The per chloride of iron I used, much diluted with water, to arrest lunnorrhages. (both as drink and and in some instances by enemata with brandy, using about twenty five drops to a tunibl.rliil of water. l<> go OVBI '1 ¦gain: the mutation of the tissues, secretions, and excretions are influenced in this disease in a remarkable manner by dition Of the blood. There is a period of variable duration in whicli this fluid is preserved in " normal or nearly normal In Daring this period remedies n.av be used and certain therapeutical effects ordinarily observed, as their action may cted to follow During the first period of the disease, blood letting freely, tartar emetic, calomel. «,umme. sulphl ..... hftVS been used, and. their advocates assert, with great benetit. Bui in the calm Stage, or when the nSMOOrrbag c reached, it is ditlicillt to foretell what will 00001 from the administration of any remedy, new a physician WOO, in Vera Cruz, in 1849, gave a gr. at number of patients sulphuric ether to relieve lucco,gli. I Hi 121 many died tliat .lie became afraid Ui administer that usuall J harmless ivirie.lv. I have known a dOM <>t' eight grains of Urn mass. gITM in one Baal on tin- fifth (lay, and in another on the eleventh day, to cause death by profuse (ÜBOMMTbagk »• tools; consequently, being in doiiht as to the propriety of medication in the middle and last stage of yellow fever, we should lie cautious how w e use any, confining active interference with the disease to the first stage, and should apply depletion and antiphlogistic measures to such cases M call for them oiriy with a view of preparing them for the second and last. Now. in regard to the diet question, and the propriety of a preference for nutritious enemata, any oik; who studies the disease i losely will be led to infer, from observation, that in all bad cases, during a certain number of days, say from five to seven, after the febrile paroxysm has reached its height, the stomach, although acid, does not secrete true gastric juice, and pepsin is almost entirely absent, tfow, when it is remembered how close a sympathy there is between the brain and the stomach, we can understand how, in the peculiar condition of the nervous system in yellow fever, a patient can be thrown into a delirium or coma by a small error in diet. The Duke of Wellington died of apoplexy by overloading his stomach with venison which he 'could not digest ; and how many cases can nearly every physician number where apoplexy has followed an imprudent meal ! In eholef infantum we know the infant's stomach loses its power of digestion from irritation of the dental nerves, and how commonly, in this condition, convulsions and coma occur, doubtless the result, in most cases, of indigestion. During last summer I lost two patients who had reacted thoroughly from cholera and were passing through the typhoidal ft vcr. which frequently follows the collapsed condition; one died on the sixth day of her disease — lirst delirious, than coinatosi — from taking a small quantity of milk, the casein of which she could not digest As long .is the MTU kept on beef-tea injections, with a little brandy, and allowed only mucilages and iced drinks by the stomach, she did well. The other case had been iir collaps.- fifty-six hours before she reacted; during the fever which followed she vomited great quantities of bile. On the night before her death she slept soundly for the first time all night, awoke much refreshed in the morning, and said she was hungry ; calli-d for a soft-boiled egg with some tea and toast, which she ate with great relish; in three hours liter that meal she became delirious, and in six hours died in profound coma, the whole surface of her body livid from congestion and stagnation of the capillary circulation. Death occurred on the eleventh day of her disease. B lesson to be drawn from the observation of these facts is, to put on the stomach of yellow fever patients during the period, when the absence of pepsin is to be inferred, no aliment which requires any assistance in entering the circulades the force of endosmosis. but to give broths, vith or without brandy, by the rectum. Binoe writing the above I have obtained from records from the custom-house a list of all the vessels arriving from ports south of this, and the habitat of yellow fever from the first of May till the Ulst of November, by which it appears there wen) l"> arrivals in -May; June. '2s; July, 19; August, 21; Sept ember, '«iU; October, 1 ( J : total, 158. I have also obtained from Dr. D.l«iy- pamphlet a register of the course of the winds and condition of the weather, both of which documents I append, together with names and memoranda of cases treated by me this summer.* Very respectfully, your obedient servant, FRANCIS BARNES, M. !>., Oitjf J'/ii/.ii'iiiii, mid lilt'- Artiii'i Axxixt'tnl Siirijdiii, f. S. A. Hrevet Brigadier General T. A. Mcl'aim.in. MtdietU Dirtetor Fifth Military District 122 123 NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. LIST OF ARRIVALS FROM TORTS SOUTH OF It, British schooner Harkooa, Ruatan, ballast. 1, Americas schooner Lottie Weims, Tampioo, tVuit. I, American schooner Electric, Balize, ballast. 1, American brig Joseph Ledger, Matanzas, molasses. I, Spanish brig Aniabah T"resa, Havana, ballast. th, American ¦chooser Haonta, Cardinal, sugar and molasses. May Oth, American schooner Prince of Wales, Matanzas, ballast. May Dt!i, American schooner Jolin Crocker, San Marino, molasses. May 'Jth, Amerioaa s tboooer Fanny Elder, Cardinas, molasses. KB, American sobodaer Elisabeth, St. Thomas, hallast. I, British brig La. Robt. Pub., Havana, molasses, i. Spanish brL' Javien Jaqain, Matauzas, molasses. th, Fr.'iich steamship Darien, Havana, gin. May 11th, Lux. bark Grief, Rio, coffee. May 18th, British brig Sarah Harris, Bagtia La Grande, molasses. Bth, British brig Mary A. Road, Havana, molasses. th, British schooner Salvador, Havana molasses. th, American Steamship Star of the Union, rid Havana, gin. ¦th, American schooner John Q. Whlpple, BaTana, fruit. it 11,1 1 , British schooner Fancy, Utilla. May 14th, American schooner Emma 1). Finnay, Mara<|iieza, lnolaKfes. May 14th, American schooner A. 15. Harden, Ruatan, sugar and molasses. May 1 Ith, American schooner Louisa Crocker, Cienfuegos, sugar and molasses. May 16th, Spanish brig Amanda, Rio, coffee. May ltith, British schooner Eliza, Tanipico. specie. May l'Jth, Hritish schooner Flying Sand, Matanzas, guano. May 19th, American steamship Cuba, rid Havana, guano. May 19th, I^rench bark Novelle Helvetia, Vera Cruz. Maj 80th, British brig Robert M. Spearing. Havana, sugar and molasses. May 2Hth, Mexican schooner Neptune, Havana, molasses. May "Juth British schooner Angeline, Ruatan. fruit. May 21st, American steamship Trade Wind, Balize. fruit. May 21st, American bark Shilton, (-'anlinas, molasses. May 81st, American brig I'rairit; Bird, Cardinas, molasses. May 21st, British schooner Mary Travis, Utilla. May Blst, Spanish brig Romantic, Havana, ballast. May 21st, Spanish steamship Plsano, Matanzas, ballast. May 21th, American brig E. M. Tucker, Cardinas, molasses. May 85th, American schooner Inde|iendence, Vera Cruz, gin. Ma\ 27th, American schooner Christopher IVndleton, S; qua La Grande, molasses. II h, American steamship! General Sherman. Ruatan, fruit, th. Spanish bark Bozanir, Matanzas. ballast, th, British schooner Challenge, Utilla, fruit. th, Spanish brig Chronometer, Havana, hallast. St, British schooner Village Belle, Utilla, fruit. NEW ORLEANS DURING THE SUMMER OF 1867.* Jinn' id, American steamship Liberty, Havana, sugar an I IllolilSMS. June 3d, British schooner An.'romala, Havana, sugar ami molasses. .June 2d, American brig Mary Roscwell, Tarewei), Csbaria, sugar and molasses. June 3d, American liaik Luc A. Nickels, FosU Lot Lanos, ¦Ogar and molasses. Jane lltli, Bpaaisfa hark Victoria Hebellos, Matanzas. ballast Jane 11th, Spanish brig Cbauik Gulflsuues, Havana, vogar. .June 11th, American brig Ocean Belle, Havana) s:ii_'ar. June 13th, American steamship Grant W'ii i< 1 . Balise Horn, fruit. June DJtli, American schooner Electric, Ruatan, frail June 13th, Spanish brig Edmonds, Havana, fruit. June, 11th, American schooner Sunbeam, Ruatan, fruit. June 15th, American schooner H. 15. Borden, Roatan, fruit. June 17th, American steamship Darien, Havana, general. June 21st, Mexican schooner Lucy. Taxpan, general. June BBd, American schooner Aural Moarinne, Vera Cms, sogar and molasses. June 83d, British .schooner Oriental, Havana, sugar and molasses. June 83d, JJritish brig , denfuegos, sugar and molaai -. June"J3d, American schooner T. (i. Frazer, ( 'anlinas, sugai and molasses. .June 83d, Spanish hark Antonita, Mstansss, sugar. June "23d, American bark Florence; Peters, Havana, trait. June 20th, American steamship Genera] Sherman, Roatan, ballast June 28th, American schooner United States, St: Thoma ballast. June -28th. Spanish bark Mucia Sabina. Havana, ballast. June 89th, American brig Brothers, Havana. .-ii:rar. Jane Both, Spanish bark Pnebla, Havana, ballast. July Ist, British schooner H. Travis. Utilla. fruit. July Bth, British schooner Brazos, Utilla, fruit. July 7th, British schooner Ausrhua. Ruatan. fruit. July 7th, Mexican schooner Atlas. Campecbe, ballast. July Hth, British schooner Salrador, Havana, sugar and molasses. July Bth, British schooner Village Belle. Utilla, fruit. July l()th, British steamship 1 isano, Matamoras, spices. July 14th, American schooner .Etna. Ruatan. fruit. July 18th, British schooner Eliren, Tampico, lids. Sp., frail July l'Jth. American steamship General Sherman. Battle, tr July 19th, American steamship Darien, Havana, general. July 80th, British brig Sid. R. l'irel. Havana, m. C. July 21 st. Spanish brig Virgin**, Havana, hsllsst. JoljrBBd, British schooner Helena. Havana. molasSWS July 88d, American brig W'inona. Havana. SUgSX. July 21th, British brig O'Spimy. Havana, sugar. July 25th, British school. er Three sixers. Ruatan, fruit. July 27th, Spanish steamship Muria. Havana, ballast. July 88th, British schooner Morris, Ruatan, fruit. Meteorological Memorandum appended to Hie Report of l>r. F. Ilui-m*. MAT ' JUNR JILY - AIdST. SEITEMBEH. OCTOBER. U,w. WM W«— E 1.a,,. WU Weather. Date. WU Wouther. D.te. WU Weather. Dale. Wind. Weather. tat* \\ t,,H,,,t ,,H,,, INW K:lir .•¦¦¦ >8-E ¦* 1 fcW. Mi 1 N.N.E 1 S.W. Fair IN. E NW - Fair 2 S NY to—* • I.W. Cloudy | N. E 2 N . E . I{ain 2 NE NW - Fair ! N "X" K - X " rhMe 3 »-W. Kain 3 N.E 3 N.E. M. 3 S. E. Om^.Z 4 SE Fair 4 *•"• Variable 4 B.W. Uain 4 N.E. Kain 4 18. Kain 4 S. E. Rain..... SE - RaiD S W - V " Habl " 5 N.X.E. Kain 5 8. W. 5 S. E. Kain 5 N.N.E. Cloudy.... NX - RaSn 6 8. E. j Variable | s. E. Fair 6 S.W. Kain 6 8. W. Kain 6 N.N.E. Cloudy.... NNK - Kair 7 X - E " j Variable 7 E. Kain '..... 7 S.W. Variable 7 B.W. Cloudy 7 E. S. E. Fair ...... - i.W. Fair '• B.E. j Variable | 8 N.E. Kain i 8 S. E 8 N.W 8 ESE S W - »*¦— 9 8E - Variable | s. W. Kain 9 N.E. Kain 9 N.E. 9 S . E. 10 SW - Kair 10 SV> - Variable 10 S.W. Kain 10 N.E. Rain j 10 N.E 10 N. S W Fair U SW - Clou^ 11 *>* Cloudy 11 N.F 11 N.E. R ain 11 «. R ~T 12 S.W. F W .. II S. E. Kain U S.W. Kain 1,» N.E 12 N.W. Rain 12 N.W. U SW Fair 13 SW - nulld >- 13 *•£• «'»« » N.K. 13J8.W. Cloudy 13 ' N. W M X.W. Fair 14 S.W. Cloudy , 14 N.E. Kain U S.W 14 N.E 14 N.E. 1.-. X.W. Variable 15 S.W. Kain 15 N.E. Ruin 13 S.W 15 8. E 15 N . E. U! SW ¥* ' 16 8- E. ; Rain 16 N.E. Fair 1,5 s. W 16 8. E 16 N. E. ' SW - ° IOUd - V 17 S - E - *~* | 17 N.E. Fair 17 ! N. E 17 S . E. Rain 17 *& l " SR Cloud y lf NE - Uain M IW. Kain 18 | N.E 18 g. E. I Fair U N.E. SE - nn ° ud - V 19 NE - <*¦* 19 S.W. Fair IS. S.W 19 N . E . Kain M N . E " SE " Uahl " « C^y ¦ I* Fair 20 S. E 20 g. E . Cloudy 20N.N.W H SW - Rai " 21 NE ° loUay " ". *+ 21 S.W. Rain 21 8. E. ! Cloudy 21 N.E. Variable " iWI , M ' " NE - C1 ° Udy « S - W - ¦* ¦ *VV. Rain I 22 N.N.E.| C , ou dy 22 8. E. ! Variab.e "3" 3 - SE - " SW - Rai " " S - E - lißin 23 S.E. Clear 23 N. N.W. Rain 23 S. E. Variable ' 4 SE - Uai " 14 SW - CWr 24 S - E - Rain * S.W. Clear 24 N. E. | Rain 24 N.E. VariaWe X - U!iin 25 S - W " ° lear - 5 SE " O"*F 25 S.E. Rain 25 N.E. Cloudy 25 N.N.W. C.oudv "' SE - Rai " " NE - Uain M S " E - Cloudy 26 N.E. Cloudy M I 1.1 Cloudy 26 N.N.W. Rain '^ C1 ° Udy V ° Car 27 S - W - R - « E 27 JH.8.1 Cloudy 27 N.N.W. Rain ... X " Uain " S - W - KaiD ¦ SW - Rain 28 S.E. Rain M N.E. C.oudy 28 N.N.W. Fair * Rain " SW " Kain ¦ S. E. Cloudy M S.W. Cloudy 29 | N. E 29 N.N.W 30 S. E. Var-ble and cloudy. 30 S.W. Rain 30 S. E. Cloudy 30 N. E. I 30 \ E in U-w 124 Jackson Bamucks, Ni w Oi:i. i:\.\s. La., DetmbtriS, 1887. OCHKBAL: In BOnpliaiMM with instnictionn, I have the honor to f'orw.'inl. herewith, tabular st;iti-iu«?iits. i»i tin- prescribed form, of itil MM! of yellow fever which have occurred nt this pod doting the recent epidemic. Appended are several tables ¦bowing the Dumber of cases, ratio of mortality, duration of the disease. \c. ; also, a record of temperature, weather. Ac. extracted from a public journal. I have the honor to Kuhmit. as required, the following special report of the ejiidemic, endeavoring to present only the more salient facts as they manifested themselves to my observation. The first ease of yellow fever at this post occurred on July Ist, the second on .July 11th; thereafter, no other case occurred until August 2d. when they gradually became more frequent, and, by August 151 st, the disease might be considered to have become epidemic. The last case wa~ MMI d on the 22d of November, but none h:id occurred before Hince the 4th of November, and the epidemic, which reached its height about .September 88th, may be considered to have lost its epidemic character about the 10th of October, when there was litile material left for it. During the extremes of this period -574 cases occurred, of which 111 died, including 4 oflicers. For the five months 00BV ineiicing with July, the mean of the average strength of the command was 380 officers and enlisted men; but it will be observed (table 1) that in September the strength was 477. Perhaps legs than fjO men ofthe whole command, consisting, in September. of six companies of the Ist Infantry, and Battery "X," Ist Artillery, escaped the disease while hen.-. It will be seen that the ratio of deaths to cases was 2'J. (57 per cent., a result which, compared with the average mortality, (quoted from Le Koche as IS, 18 per cent..) is favorable. In .June, when I assumed the duties of post Surgeon, the post was in a very thorough state of police. Liter in the summer, some of the drains in the vicinity of the hospital building were not kept in the best condition, though the fact WM represented ; but on the whole the post was exceedingly clean ; the discipline seemed excellent; though grog-shops abounded in the vicinity, but little drunkenness was usually witnessed, and the duties of the command were not arduous. A very thorough disinfection of llie sinks and privies of the garrison was in daily operation, according to the plan recommended by the best authorities; this whs kept up constantly, and the drains were repeatedly sprinkled with carbolated lime. In the hospital, an invariable role WM rigorously observed, to cause every stool of any patient to be disinfected, and I believe it was scarcely ever, even at the height of the epidemic, disregarded. It WM recognized thai these measures would tend to limit the liability to the disease and to moderate its severity ; but during the whole epidemic 1 observed no fact which lent support to tin- suggestion that, like cholera, it might be considered a fircal disease ; but it will be observed that the measures adopted and just 'referred to would present a sufficient testing of this point. Though scarcely any one escaped the disease, it can hardly be d< übted that these measures were of gresJ value. When, towards the end of August, it was seen that an epidemic was imminent, hospital accommodations were prepared tot 1 < if ) men, a number nearly equal to one-third of the command at that time, and which it was hoped would be ample. But on August ISflth three companies of the First United States Infantry, stationed in the city of New Orleans, were, unexpectedly to me. transferred to this post, and, for a few days subsequent, they furnished the greater number of new cases. On the 18th ol September ten new cases were taken, and the number daily increased, until, from the 13th to the 16th. inclusive, (four days.) citihlv-two new cases of the disease occurred, and from the 17th to the 88th September, inclusive, (12 days,) one hundred ai.d sixty five new cases occurred. The epidemic reached its height on September 28th. there being on that day 883 men on -ick report, and but 4 officers and 112 men for duty. So sudden and great an invasion of the dissass WM not expected. It was necessary to provide further accommodation for the sick. Brevet Major C. B. White, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., who. on the 15th September, assumed the duty of post Surgeon, (I being prostrated with the disease the previous night. ) applied himself with great energy to this work. For two or three days there was MM embarrassment, hut the wise liberality and prompt action of the Medical Director in affording Dr. White every means which the resources of the department afford, d. enabled him, by the 17th of September, tq have sufficient hospital accommodations though for ¦ short time the wards were much Crowded. Brevet Major White, after six days of incessant duty, during which time his services were ot great value, was himself seized with the disease on the 80th, and Acting Assistant Surgeon M. Stovell, U. S. A., performed the duties of po«t Sugeon until October :M, when I resumed charge. During this period the condition of sJaJTS WM depressing; the permanent commander of the post, seized with the disease, left his command and went to a civil hospital in New Orleans. This example WM fortunately followed by but few ollicois, must of them remaining with their men. evincing a soldierly desire to share equally with them the perils of the epidemic. Something of a panic prevailed for a while; many men indulged in intoxication, to which caiiße the deaths of several have been clearly traced. They were unwilling to act as nurses, and there were barely enough well BMn to do indispensable guard duty, to nurse the sick, and bUTJ the dea.l. On September 85th there were ten deaths, and in one daj thirteen bodies were carried to the cemetery of ( 'hilmette. Among the deaths were Lieutenants Arnold. Hubbell. and Ingraham, voting officers, whose sudden deaths added to the gloom which pervaded the command. Before the epidemic assumed such large proportions, many men attacked with the disease delayed to report themselves rick, either Supposing the insidious symptoms to lie trivial, or actuated by the soldierly motive of not avoiding duty: but it WMUrgM upon the company officers not to permit this course. Some oflicers visited their coinpanits very frequently during the day and night, and ordered to the hospital any man found complaining, and they may justly have the satisfaction ot' knowing that th. ir timely care, in all probability, saved the lives of several of their men ; and it was noticed by the medical olliceis thai the men ?t those companies whose olliceis showed this interest ill their welfare were more contented, and. in SO DU>, leM liable to death. During the whole epidemic the Medical Director of the Fifth Military District afforded myself, and the officers in charire during mv illness, in his almost daily visits, the benefit of his advice and opinion in all matters of administration and treatment of cases. With a wise liberality, which was Indeed a just economy, he authorized the purchase and issi f any articles which. in the opinion of the medical oflicers, were actually required for the proper care and treatment of the sick. The medical pui\evnr.lilled, with marked promptness, every requisition made upon him. The expenditure! for proper diet and ice were aeOM 125 sarily large, nnd in excess of the savings of the liospit.il ration. A considerable number of citizen nurses were employed, mule and female, and it was found that the latter were by far the most efficient, and. indeed, indispensable. tin concluding this brief and general account of the principal circiimstanccH attending the epidemic at this post, omitting y particulars which might add Weight to the statements made, it may he proper to suggest for consideration that some tical lessons may lie drawn from them: tl. When an epidemic is imminent, hospital accommodations for at least one-half the whole command should he at once vidid, if at all practicable. B. It may be regarded as certain that in an epidemic of this pestilence the hospital fund will never suffice to furnish proper diet for those ill of the disease. I 'I. The usual allowance of nurses is. wholly insufficient ; there should be at least one nurse to five average cuses, to allow day and night service, nnd half, when practicable, as it is in this place, should he women. IHrevet Major White, 11. S. A., in his report to the Medical Director of his service here, (a copy of which he has kindly ished me,) refers to the want of screens in the wards, a want which was very marked, and which could be easily supplied nail cost. 4. There should be an allowance of one medical officer to every forty patients, if possible. Epidemic! of yellow fever are temporary ; the disease requires more careful watching than any with which I am acquainted, ami no preparation that can be made to meet the emergencies it entails should be omitted. It is economy in the end, even in point of expenditure, human life i.~ saved thereby, anil the profession is enabled to prove its character of usefulness. I might adduce much evidence of an unrecorded kind in support of these suggestions, but will let them pass without it. §In regard to the medical aspects of the disease as presented during this epidemic, I wish to express myself with reserve. viously unacquainted practically with the disease, and, I think, unbiased by preconceived ideas of it, I have; endeavored to ii no opinion that is not founded on observed facts and the valuable unwritten experience of the epidemic. The epidemic began insidiously. In .July and August a number of cases of disease occurred which gave rise to much doubt as to its real character. The patients would generally have a not strongly pronounced chill, of short duration, followed speedily by great heat of surface, especially of the head, suffusion of the eyes, Hushed face, and rapid pulse, with gfeal pain in the head and in the limbs — in fact, with the usual phenomena of a febrile paroxysm ; but generally the pains in the limbs were complained of as excessive, lasting thus from twenty-four hours to three days, but rarely more than sixty hours, when there was a marked remission and. in some cases, a pronounced intermission, followed in most instances by speedy convalescence, but in a few by a debility out of all proportion to the severity and duration of the paroxysm. A papular eruption, appearing principally on the chest and limbs, was noticed in a number of cases; in all the six DMCS in which the fact is recorded, the eruption appeared on the fourth day. Not satisfied that these were cases of yellow fever, they wen recorded, with quite as little confidence, as remittent fever, or as dengue. The difficulty of exact diagnosis was increased, when it was soon after found that some cases, seized with the symptoms just briefly described, would die in six or tight day- with unequivocal symptoms of yellow fever, and which, in their inception, their symptoms ami course, for the first two or three days, could not be distinguished from the cases which recov. iv.| in from two to six days, or, in other words, from the mildest cases. The uncertainty of prognosis was strongly impre>-> d I Bat, further, it was observed that in September a number of these men who recovered from the disease so Inadequately ¦rib.il were seized with epidemic yellow fever. A record of fifteen of these cases is embodied in table No. .">, herewith ended, of whom six died. The brief description given of these eases makes it proper for me to say. that I gave much personal ntion to them, and that the increase of exacting duties and my illness made it impracticable to keep more than brief loranda of their details. It may be considered tint these fifteen (MM were analogous to those which have been met with in commencement of several recorded epidemics, wherein there was supposed to be a blending, or, rather, a confusion of types; leaving it to abler hands to draw deductions from these facts, I will remark, that if it be inferred that they WON cases of _'.ie, or. a.- they were less accurately recorded, remittent W-vrr, the experience of the whole epidemic fiirnisbed no mean.-- of inguisbJng their early symptom Iron those of yellow fever, and proved that its ooenrrenee afforded no immunity from leqoenl nttmrki of yellow fever. The appended table, marked \o. (\ } gives a resold of the temperature and weather tor the period. It was observed that a cold storm of rain had a bad effect upon critical eases. Of twenty one men of the colored cavalry temporarily attached to the battery of artillery during the height of the epidemic, but one suffered from the disease, and none of the colored servants in the garrison were affected by it. All the ladies and many Of the laundresses had the dis>ase. and a child ten yean of age, member of the family of an olficer, died of it within three days alter |he attack. It WM noticed that but few of the habitually intemperate men recovered, though, on the other hand, of the few who wholly escaped the disease, several were notoriously old inebriates, who found in the excitement of the epidemic favorable occasion for keeping constantly drunk. tl ntil about the Kith September, m \«-u the epidemic became so general, a rigorous isolation, by removal to a separate building id of a mile distant, wa- practiced in every OSM when the diagnosis was certain ; in addition, the wards WON very fieri v fumigated, and all articles of bedding arid clothing were at once placed in tubs or barrels containing water- with a solution irmangaaate of potash, or, when badly soiled, were burned ; the hidstisli were washed with s dilute solution of chloride ne, and the floors in the vicinity of the patients were scrubbed with the lame solution. It bat beCBJ already stated that disinfection of the evacuations of the sick was habitually practiced ; and though very few of the eeeamand escaped the disease, it stay be justly inferred that these measures must have lessened its eomniiiiiieability and diminished its severity ; anil in this connection it may be ¦feted that several n.en patients in hospital during the whole epidemic with other diseases did not contract the yellow fever-. Itul. ;,| ||?. ,| : ,t,. ahOVe mentioned, so numerous weft the sei/.illes and so 126 Base \v:is then too wide-spread to lie materially limited by tliis measure. I did not observe, nor have F heard of. any OSS) occurrence could in- el oariy traced to personal contact. Only brief mciitioii will he niiidc of the symptoms of the dliwii as it appeared bore; the abeenoa of detailed reoorda of tin; OHM) which ( irciimstanccs made it nearly impossible to keep, will not allow thai exactm M wliicli would be desirable in :i Krietlj professional report Thi itilMWI m often sudden ill its ODSSt A man w -oiild g.. 11l IIW l.lll\ .-I' t,l Koi the permanent commander, and I an. personally aware of his earnest efforts to atford every assistance in his poWSf U ical officers. . .. . . I may be permitted to depart from the strict formality of an ollicial report to express the sense I entertain, in common with many Ofloan and men of this command, of the kind attention given by Brevet Brigadier (ieneral Md'arlm. Medkal DfNOtOT of the district, 10 Whose friendly and professional care I am indebted, under a higher power, for my recovery from the disi a-e which has destroyed so many of our comrades. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. A. CLEMENTS, linn I l.i, nli mint CW—rf, Mid >'"•'/-'"• ' • ' S '- -'• 127 Table No. I.— YELLOW FEVER AT JACKSON BARRACKS, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. Appended to report of Dr. Clements, showln;/ the relation of rases and deaths to xtinif/th. i i July 312 2 1 August 322 0 2 September... 477 MM 79 October I 430 4f> 27 November.. 355 2 2 Total... 380 374 111 Ratio of cases per 1,001) of mean strength, 934.2; of dVatliH to merm strength, 292.1 ; of jftTw to OMpt, 29(5 7. By adding a proper proportion of the average strength of Company " tt," fith U S. Cavalry, (which company was not stationed at this post,) to the average strength for August, September, and October, the ratio of OMM to mean strength is reduced to 912.1 per 1,000, and of deaths to strength to 270.7 per 1,000. Table No. 2 YELLOW FEVER AT JACKSON BARRACKS, NEW ORLEANS, LOUIBIAKA. Appended to report of Dr. Ch m wtt, lk*wi*f the number of cases in each month, the months in, whirh Hum M4M di»d, mil tin roljt of ilmthx for (7. Montlis in wliirh tlie OMM of mih inotitli died. — ¦ ¦ «-i — % "S laIU | J I I .& | 1 1 ill £ 3 <_ i -X h i§ 1 July 2 1 1 60,00 I 2 August 22 1 2 8 1 11 . 50,00 I Sept.-mW 303 : 71 18 89 29,37 4 October 45 1 8 2 10 22,22 5 November 2 ' Total 374 1 I 79 27 2 111 »,«_] I Table No. 3.— YELLOW FEVEIJ AT JACKSON BARRACKS, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. Appended to report of Dr. Clements, xhowiny the duration of the disease in dtiys in the canes that recovered. NO. OF DAYS. £ 2 i -s 5.2S .2 0 ¦ - . - 1 • B - iigßdfllf l I I f i I ll = J i I i = i I t t> t- 'c t- I- t- >¦ t> t> £• > * | II P i /JiJl I I II /I/J // I I I IP *' >s r - I _J _l_l I" " " plkhlp i<|h >• i< t< ii|F h " J h Kob«#«MH f61810111181t•411151 14 • 4 S T 10 I • [ fl 77 7 2«: i TaMi i\o. 4.— YELLOW PEYEB AT JACKSON BARRACKS, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. . ////>' // Id to report of l)r. Clem »'<, ikotthtff the duration of the. disease in day*, in rate* that d'u-d. d tn report of l)r. Clem »'<, ikotthtff the deration of the. dhcanf in day*, in rate* that d'u;d. NO. or IiAYS. SO. OF DATA 5 * Total .loatliH. ¦ Id Tltt Thn*. Knur. Five. Six. Strv.n. Ugh! Mat. TMk E7& : = §^ ' ¦'¦" ••"¦ 4 Xi ll " '5 10 II 3 7 M 111 128 Table l\o. !i YELLOW FEVEB AT JACKSON BARRACKS, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. Appended to report of Dr. Clements. ]Ast of men who hud Remittent Fever, or lhngue, and subsequently Yellow Fever. DAT! OF— No - NAME. CO. RSOIMBHT. j Remittent Fever or Dengue. Yellow Fever. Attack. I Recovery. Attack. . Recovery. Death. 1 McMuhon, Edward X Ist Artillery I July Ist j July 12th... Sept. 18th... Oat 15th 2 ' Donaln.e, George I Ist Infantry j " 7th " 12th... Oft. Ist " 20th 3 Rurnbo, Charles X Ist Artillery : " 27th August Ist.. Sept. 28t1i ; .. " 23d 4 Farley, Peter ' E Ist Infantry August :)d.. . Sept. 13th... " 14th Baft. 24th 5 Duffy, Patrick i X Ist Artillery [ " 12th.. August lfith.. Oct. 7th Oct. 12th 6 Burt, Julius jl> Ist Infantry " 21st .. Sept. 4th Sept. 12th. . - ! ' M. 7 Blacker.John ! P Ist Infantry " 21st.. August 23d.. " 24th O«ft. 30th 6 I O'Keife, Daniel F Ist Infantry " 23d.. . ! " 25th.. " 26th.. Oct. M !) Alexunder, JiunfH I let Infantry " 24th. " 20th.. " 10th Sept. OOfh [10 j McPeak, Patrick X Ist Artillery j " 27th.. " IMk. " 0M Oct. 11th.... 11 Mitchell, Leonard X Ist Artillery " 29th.. Sept. Ist " 25th Oct. 3d 12 Flaherty. John I) Ist Infantry " 29th.. August 31st. IMk... Oct. 7th 13 I (ionium, Daniel G Ist Infantry " 30th.. Sept. 4th... " 15th... " 13th.... 14 Burk, John II : f Ist Infantry " 31st.. " 2d " 28th... ! 15 VoLinjf, Ilcnrv 11 lstlnfantry " 31st.. " 3d " 1.1 th.. Nov. Uth Showing the temperature, xceathr, and mortality during the epidemic. Jill. UMOMKTKK. ' M KItMOMK. TF.It. Dat,. i WmUmt. !>"<«• i Weather. =5S£ i i t \ l- . Showing the temperature, weather, and mortality durimj the epidemic. ¦ i = THEUMOMF.TKIt. «j TIIEUMOMETEIt. . no Date. Weather. * ;§ Date. £ Weather. £ ;§ sis I I J ' ¦ ¦ I I s 3 r- ot =¦. < 0. © H r> ci ~. «< >¦> © H Julyl 85 77 75 79.00 Cloudy .. 21 21 Auk. 1 83 87 79 183.00 Cloudy 1 23 24 2 80 87 78 81.66 Cloudy I .. 10 10 2 82 95 84 87.00 Fair 3 15 38 3 87 85 78 83.33 Ml I .. 15 15 3 Bti 96 82 88.00 Fair 3 1!» 19 4 87 86 79 84.00 Fair ; .. 14 U 4 88 89 79 85.33 Fair 3 22 25 5 e8 95 76 BC. 33 Fair ' 23 23 5 81 92 83 13.33 Fair 2 28 30 6 90 97 92 j K3.UO Fair 18 If 6 e5 88 ;86 86.33 Fair 3 22 25 7 90 B2 83 88.33 Fair 1 16 17 7 85 96 ¦ 77 N.OO Fair 2 24 26 8 91 94 90 91.66 Cloudy 1 16 17 I 8 84 91 !80 85.00 Fair 2 23 25 9 84 80 77 80.33 Cloudy i 1 14 15 | 9 81 95 76 84.00 Fair 3 19 22 10 85 90 78 84.33 Fair .. 12 12 10 19 95 ;80 85.66 Fair 2 If 18 11 85 101 83 89.66 Fair ; .. 14 14 11 80 96 84 8(i.66 Fair 4 H 27 12 68 85 86 85.33 Fair .. 19 1!) 12 83 95 84 *7. Si Fair 2 26 28 13 82 87 84 84.33 Cloudy 1 33 34 13 7rt 97 81 85.33 Fair 5 28 33 14 84 85 85 84.66 Fair ' .. 26 20 14 88 95 83 88.06 Fair '. 5 32 37 15 81 88 78 82.33 Fair 24 21 15 89 96 80 68.33 Fair 2 23 25 16 83 98 77 86.00 Fair 21 21 16 84 92 77 84.33 Fair 1 34 35 17 85 98 87 90.00 Fair 1 20 U 17 83 94 I 80 85.66 Fair 5 22 27 18 84 99 90 91.00 Fair .. 20 20 18 85 • 90 \ 76 83.66 Fair 6 33 3:) 19 86 98 94 92.66 Fair .. 1!) 19 19 81 95 ' 78 84.66 Fair 12 22 31 .80 88 102 85 91.66 Fair 1 19 20 20 84 94 76 84.66 Fair iII 19 31 21 87 96 85 89.33 Fair .. 24 24 21 81 84 7!i HI. 33 Fair 10 13 23 22 90 98 82 90. 94 71) 84.00 Fair 7 20 27 24 86 94 ¦ Ki. 33 Fair 1 20 21 M 81 96 7H 85. (X) Fair 1!) 30 49 25 87 97 ; !>3 '.*>. 33 Fair 1 18 l.l 25 75 84 ! 73 77.33 Fair 14 18 3J 26 84 96 'JO 90.00 Fair 1 -Jl 22 26 7H 90 HO Hi. (i(i Fair 15 23 38 27 80 ."7 80 m 3) I'air 22 2-' B7 85 89 71! BL3I Fair 11 M M 28 86 87 76 83.00 Cloudy U 18 M 10 91 7H 83 00 Fair 18 17 32 '-"J HI 92 H 87.66 Cloudy 1 J'.t 20 2!J 77 92 76 81.66 Fair 20 27 47 » 80 97 83 RN Fair 19 19 30 78 93 78 83. (X) Fair [ 26 25 51 :il "1 - -I -:.:¦.:: Fair M M 31 76 97 74 82.33 Fair 22 20 42 130 Table No. C— YELLOW FEVEB AT JACKSON BARRACKS, MEW ORLEANS, I/M'lSlANA— Concixdki). Showing the V in/n rut" r< , iraitlur, and nnirt'i/iti/ ihirin'/ tin- i/ihli rtir, TIIKKMOMKTKK. „; '""TIHTW d I>iile. i WwOMr. ¦ I Date, i \V.;,ther. S S S I \ I -• £ g g I 111 aort• j O H I .Sept. 1 &) 86 85 i 81 Fair 117 18 35 Oct. 1 7ti 184 81 77 Fhir 63 34 97 2 82 87 81 80 IT— girth .. . '~'6 27 53 2 V.) 81 79 II Changeable ... 54 38 92 I 78 81 80 77 llainy 2.5 29 54 j 3 81 85 M M Ofaoijr 56 41 97 4 81 80 79 78 Changeable... M II 44 4 HI 79 Ml 77 .Stormy 75 IJ-J 107 5 80 75 78 76 Very wet 44 24 ¦ 8 7!» 84 82 74 Fair 59 31 90 6 75 8;> 78 76 Rainy M 24 54 6 63 75 76 73 Changeable... 60 37 97 7 78 83 jB3 82 Fair 43 23 *«\ 7 73 75 74 74 Fair 58 32 90 8 79 85 83 80 Very fair 49 117 M 8 72 78 74 73 Very fair 50 26 76 9 80 85 83 81 Very fair 51 27 7« 9 71 81 77 76 Very fair 64 34 98 10 81 87 82 ' 77 Very fair 42 18 160 10 74 78 76 II Very fair 56 46 102 11 77 83 78 77 Chanif. and rain 91 lit 86 j 11 76 79 78 72 Very fair 49 \34 83 12 80 80 80 j77 Fair 61 28 89 12 69 | 76 75 78 Very fair 46 42 88 13 81 85 82 |CO Pleauant 43 21 64 13 60 |69 68 65 Very fair 32 ¦ 61 14 81 66 83 81 Very fuir 4) 22 63 14 62 73 70 66 Very fair 33 j25 58 15 83 85 84 .. Fair 53 27 80 15 66 75 73 68 Very fair 39 22 61 16 82 82 80 .. Fair 50 10 Ml 16 64 .. 76 j73 Very fair 28 23 51 17 80 78 79 .. Stormy 68 34 UH 17 65 79 76 j7l Very fair 31 23 54 18 80 86 83 79 Fair 46 25 71 18 68 .. .. .. Very fair 34 25 59 19 80 B 25 76 82 80 75 Fair 68 33 101 M H 76 72 ;71 Changeable... 12 lfi 28 M 77 83 80 76 Fair 57 H Ml 26 71 72 72 [70 Very rainy .... M 21 31 H 77 .. HO M Veryfair 77 30 107 27 67 68 66 ;64 Rainy 16 23 39 M 77 84 82 77 Fair 67 36 103 28 64 66 61 Cloudy 11 26 37 j 29 | .. 83 79 V-ryfair 61 33 04 29 58 68 66 64 Veryfair 9 93 32 30 77 K8 82 80 Wry fair 64 32 M 30 61 68 65 57 Veryfair 13 18 31 | | »!¦ '* » In the above tsiblt'H the tompmitureH for September aad October are takni from the record kept in the office of the fir.'-alaim trle-r:iph in the City Hall; the temperature for June, July, and August from the meteorological records of Jackson IJarracks. [Uxoi I ici.W.. ] Ja»ks()n Hakk.uks, Ni;\v Oki.i:ans, La., Jmmmmtf 17, 1868. (EatrmcL) Dear Doctob; K.rst. In i. r anl to rdafMM, Urn Wpoti I-Mivlv ¦llndM 10 tl.. i». I C 1 Mrf |«4 BgONI m.kl dalM Wftll «Wgll mruia.y 10 wall-.mt mine than a lifeleiice to tliiin. BMoad. Ido not iofflcientl/ bring mil ttw grwl bnportawM of careful treat nt during oonT»I««»nce, wpecuiuy totn. ¦MttoroTdfet; tbeUttw is i point of much Importoooe, In view ?f the diflooltjwa btsn had bg^tfag oar hospital t.m.i expi-nditiireH approved at W'asliinirion. # » # » » Very truly, your*. CLBMBMTB 131 Jacksox Bakracks, Nkw Ohlkans, La., March 21, IHiH. Gknkral : I have the honor to respectfully communicate the following information hearing upon the yellow fever epidemic of last year, which has been obtained from official sources and personal inquiry and observation: At the National cemetery of Chalmette, situated on the left bank of the Mississippi, about two miles below this post, there mn employed during the five months beginning with July and ending with November, 1867, (the period of the epidemic,) a monthly average ot one hundred and sixty-three laborers. Among this number, but six cases of yellow fever occurred during the period given — a ratio of 15.6 per cent. Eighty per cent, of the men employed were Irishmen, five per cent. Americans and Germans, and fifteen per cent, colored men, natives of Louisiana. The greater part of them were employed continuously, the changes amounting to not more than twelve per month, or 7.'.) per cent. They lived in the ordinary A tent, floored and raised some ten inches from the ground, in the immediate vicinity of the cemetery, and some forty yards distant from the river. Their diet consisted exclusively of salt pork, beans, bread and coffee, no fresh meat or vegetables ever being served to them ; and they almost invariably took stimulants before each meai, and all, except the negroes, a bath in the river immediately after reveille. The working hours were from 7 a. m. to 6 p. m., with an interval of one hour at noon ; and they were engaged in burying the dead, frequently at night, the detail for such night service being made from the whole force and daily changed. In the evening fires, into which dried coffee-grounds were thrown, were built between the tents, to drive away the mosquitoes. I have the honor to invite your attention to these facts, which I have been at pains to verify, as they show a great immunity from yellow fever among a class of men who may be supposed to have been particularly liable to contract it, and that at a time when scarcely eight per cent, of the command at this post (only two miles distant) escaped the disease. Knclose a communication from the superintendent of the cemetery, and also from the quartermaster, the latter embodying tion obtained from the authorities of the Charity hospital, where the sick of the cemetery force were treated. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, ]{. A. CLEMENTS, Suryivn, and Hrtvtt Lieutenant Colour/, I. S. A. Brevet Brigat'ier General T. A. Mel\\i:i.i.\, Medial Director Fifth Military IHxtrict, 2V«W Orlcana, La. National Mom mkm Ckmktkky, Camp CHAuncrra, La., March 21, hop. Colonel: In compliance with a letter received from the Quartermaster's office, requesting information as to getter*] habits ami nationality of the men employed in tins cemetery during the yellow fever season, I have the honor to submit the following statement: .Eighty per cent, of the men are of Irish nationality; five percent. % mixture of Germans Mod Americans; littein per cent, are colored men born and raised in this State. The men were required to rise at daybreak, when they would take a bath ifl the river, with the exception of the colored men. The majority would then adjourn to take a stimulant ; after which breakfast was issued, consisting of well-cooked black coffee, salt pork, and home-made bread. Then the men would go to work at 7 and remain until 12 in., when dinner would be served, consisting of bean soup, salt pork, and home-made bread. Tin- working hours in the afternoon would be from 1 to op. m., when supper would be served, the same as breakfast. The men would invariably take a stimulant before their meals. For all drinking and cooking purposes, nothing but river water was used. There were no fresh meats or vegetables of any kind issued here during the season. The quarters consisted of common A tents, floored with common pine boards ten inches off the ground. After working hours the men would retire to their tents and build bonfires between the lines of their tents to keep away the mosquitoes. The coffee that had been used during the day and dried in the sun would be thrown into this fire, giving the air a pleasant and agreeable smell. The men would amuse themselves by dancing and singing songs. Jumping, or spinning yarns. Their clothing consisted of red or blue flannel shirts and plain cotton DMtalooM. Very respectfully, your obedient servant JACOB GBAY, Superintendent. Colonel Clemkmtb, Surgeon, I . S. A. Orrtcs Assim wi (}\ .1:1 1 i:m \>i i i;, Ni.w oim.i \\>, 1. a., February 13, 1868. Gknkk.w. : In < ompliaiM I with instruction* received from your ollicc, in letter of the fith instant. I have lh<- honor to - 1 : . T . - 132 The iianies, etc., of those admitted to Charity hospital, in this city, fer medical treatment dating the same period, are an follows : .John Kionlan July Cliills nd forer. Thomas Murphy September.. Yellow fever. Abraham Lawler Aagart j Yellow fever. GtorgeO'Nl*] " Congwtire chill Kiclianl Malloney ; Chills and fever. Lewirt Keekinstine " Yellow fever. B-XHodgw " " <> Cbrbtopher 81om " Chflb and fevn Christian Becker September..: " " Tlimnas Williams " Not known. Patrick Fitz-erald Yellow fever. Jame« Mickey October Yellow fever. Jtuam Dulan ' '• Not known. Uultesi Riser Kit-hum Keenan | " J)iarrli(jea. Thomas Mullen November.. Not known. Andrew Murray " Chills and fever. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAB. BABNARD, Captain, T . QnncRAL: 1 liavc tlic honor to report the following in reference to my brief duty al Jackson Barracks, Louisiana, during ihc reoent epidemic of yellow fever: Agreeably to special orders, I proceeded, on September 15th, 1857, to thai station, and assumed charge si tenior medical ..nicer daring the UlneH of Surgeon I!. A. ClemeoU, U. 8 A., and remained on duty until the evening of September Wtb, when I sviik attacked i>y the prevailing disease It will only be nseeesary fer me to mention ¦ lew matten thai appeared to me of iniereet, as th<- excellent reputation, wide pxperienos, and obeerrant babHaof Dr. Clementa (who resumed duty about October Ist) will be gnaranteei for ;i full and Inetrnfftirt history of Iheoourse of the itimaen :it Jaekaon Barracks when lull reports an rendered. During my days "t duty ,-,i the post, the number of sick (nearly all Irom yellow fever) averaged one hundred and ninety-nine; al the same time the average strength of the commaud was four bundred and eighty-eight ; there occurred thirty tin leaths— all l>ut one from yellow fever— in the seven days, l.'.tli t«»-Jl>t. I bear testimony with pleasure to the excellent lystem I found pervading the hospital arrangements on my arrival; but so rapidly did the sick, requiring treatment In hospital, Increase, .hat we were , pdled to open ¦ huge additional ward, to crowd the rooms already in use and to hcreass Ike feeWtiee fer cooking, ... . . We liooicd under oretjt difleuhies fr the feet that several of our iiesi btssi and oooks beeaasi 133 Bable in tin- progress of the disease, while the citizen nurses (so promptly furnished l>_y th ¦ Ifsdioal Director) could not assimilate with us. Buong the enlisted men, I found, on my arrival, a prevailing dread of the disease, amounting almost to a panic as greater •g were taken down with it; and I am sorry to say that many of them resorted to drinking intoxicating liquors to exeesi other irregularities, thus diriinishing the chances of recovery if taken sick. X extended did I find the prevalence of the disease, that I made no efforts to continue the system of isolation previously out; not that I disbelieve in the principle of quarantine in this disease, hut because, in my opinion, it was unnecessary iracticable, under the circumstances, to isolate the cases. A very serious difficulty was the entire lack of appreciation by convalescents of the necessity of extreme prudence in exertions made and in diet. Some of the speedily fatal cases that I attended were convalescents from previous mild attacks, relapsing on account of errors in diet, exposure to fatigue or cold, or abuse of stimulants. The disease seemed to them so new and unusual in its characteristics that the soldiers failed to be guided by the reiterated warnings of their physicians. Owing to the urgent demands on my tinie for the care and supervision of the very sick, and attention necessary to officers and their families,, as well as for attendance on laundresses and soldiers, either outside the garrison or in inconvenient parts of it, I found no time for taking special notes of cases or for making post mortem examinations, which I much regret. In my opinion, the use of screens around the beds of the very ill is a valuable precaution, and I have found that the treatment of some cases in separate apartments presented better results. Too much stress cannot be laid on an early giving up to treatment by the patient; frequently untoward symptoms occur on the fifth, sixth, or seventh days of the disease, directly traceable to neglect of cantion and omission of treatment in the beginning of the attack. The early establishment of free action of the excretory functions must modify the subsequent conditions, tend to prevent congestion, and pl.iee the system in proper condition to receive nutrition and stimulation, when these are indicated. B simple a means as applying cloths wrung out of hot water I have found very valuable in relieving pain, -and, over the him. in controlling hiccough and nausea. Cold applications to the head, and bits of lee to take into the mouth, I have i be very greatful to the patient; and the water thus reaching the stomach, rarely, if ever, causes or promotes nausea. c acid seems peculiarly valuable in restraining vomiting, whether combining stimulation, as in champagne wine, or alone. Itzer water. Bmany cases where everything is vomited from the stomach, the patient may be sustained for hours — even days — by ing and nourishing enemata. Private Huber, Ist If. »S. Infantry, afforded a typical instance of this kind: by this c recovered, after copious discharges of black vomit, frequent epistaxis, bleeding from the gums, and active delirium. Biny opinion, the various alcoholic stimulant- should he regarded, in the treatment of this disease, in the light of indispvnedicines, and, until convalescence is established, should be furnished as such to officers under treatment. I can speak, with grateful remembrance, of the thorough and Intelligent co-operation of Jirevet Brigadier General \V. M. Graham, I.'. S. A., commanding the post, with my exertions in behalf of the sick and the health of the garrison; and I received valuable aid from Lieutenant \V. \. Tisdall, Ist U. S. Infantry, acting assistant ami post commissary. As medical ar-i-'.itit. I had Acting Assistant Surgeon M. Stovell, U. S. A., whose assistance was of great consequence, and as fully given as his impaired health permitted. The services of Acting Hospital Steward Edmund Lettson, private of Company " I,'' Ist I. S. Infantry, wen- very valuable, and his behavior excellent. Private George Hands, wardmaster, Company "V," Ist I. S. Infantry, since d. ceased, was M unsparing of himself, so attentive to his duties, as to win golden opinions from all his associates. Private John Carter, Company " X,'" Ist U. S. Infantry, nurse, and Private Caswell, Company "I," Ist U. S. Infantry, cook, both of whom subsequently died of the fevei, rendered most valuable services. Private Robert Potter, Ist U. S. Infantry, managed the diepenaing of medicines very satisfactorily during the time I was on duty. On proceeding to the barracks, I found the tyj.c- of the disease more MTtn than f had seen in my experience and observation in the city. After my recovery, I MOeitailied from some of the practitioner- of medicine in this city, that, at or about that period, tin- disease became more f\fi,-ben '-o. Many of the soldiers of the Ist U. S. Infantry are, comparatively, recent corners to this climate, which might i onstit .!.- further explanation. Bnnot coii' hide. Genera], without expressing my high appreciation of your counsel and snggestions,*gi ven me in D with critical eaeei of the disease and other matters, at the times of your frequent visits to the post, as well as to exprc.-s re thanks for your kin 1 attentions to me in my subsequent severe illness. I remain, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant C. B. WHITE, Axsixt/int. Snn/11,,1, nail Jin ri / Major, ('. 8. A. fiievct Brigadier Oeneral T. A. ICcPabuw, MtMcml Director Fifth MUitmry Dittrid ¦ frtm MomtUs tUpmi tfBkk umd WommdtA for Cotcrtd lb—ps, l'»*i Botpitmi, New OrUmu, L> /¦;. ./. Koerjer, dtnttamt Swrgmm. OctoUr, Mi 7. V.ilow Fever: This (ever, among colored troops, being of rare occurrence, the pjisstinn arose, why were these troops so Mve,,!y risited I The greater portion of yellow fever eatet among negro troops was among the unaccttmated miniai < olar bss, also, much to dowita the susceptibility for the disease, the pure African being much less liable than the mulatto. The disease bat beOS quite fetal in the colored ward- of this hospital, although the medic,, | attendance, inir.-in-. and di.-t ua.-the 134 Ni v Oku im Poei Hospital, Gbeenyiujc, La I'ufini ri/ftf .fii.niiirt/ I and sinapisms applied to the epigastrium, b.it nothing seemed to quiet the stomach more certainly than demulcent injections. The patient does not bear purgatives till Well advanced in convalescence, and simple injections will answer all purposes, especially as he is allowed no food that is M>lid until he is past the tenth or eleventh day of -his disease. Nothing OaOSH the practitioner inexperienced in the treatment of yellow fever more anxiety than the obstinate constipation of the bowels: but danger bsseti the pa'ient should irritating purgatives touch the tender epithelial coating of the gastro-ent.ric mucus membrane, KeiTOM depression, an inability to sleep, and constipation of the bowels, are the last symptoms to depart Porter seems the remedy , specially fitted to combat these three symptoms. As a IQqoenOS, about one-third of all the yellow fever patients treated in this hospital Were more or less afflicted with boils, or circumscribed phleginoiious abscesses, showing how thoroughly all the fluids Ud anUdl of the body are influenced by the poison. UM following case is one that strongly points to the conclusion that the poison of yellow fever, like that of cholera, is a specific one: Au-ustus Hcrtro. aged 21. private in Company " IV IOA U. B. Infantry, was admitted to this hospital November 6th, 1867; in the OOUapMsd stage of cholera, from which he recovered, when, on Urn 83d of November, he was attacked by well-marked yellow f. ver. from which he also recovered. This man. when attacked by yellow fever, WM still under the cure of his BBSdloal 135 Bint, who used all precautions against a return of cholera symptoms, and, consequently, his system MM in a renovated on, and could hardly be affected by any other than a specific poison. 11 conclusion, I would remark that an exceedingly guarded use of the articles of the materia medica, with a proper, timely Bupportants and stimulants, is all that pertains to the mystery of a successful treatment of yellow fever. Without proper g. the patient dies. Ido not wish to convey the idea that the presence of a physician is superfluous ; far from it, far no how well trained the nurse may he, there are times when the appearance of new symptoms requires the educated mind physician for their interpretation. Enclosed I have the honor to transmit the report of Acting Assistant Surgeon J. .). Auerbach, IT. S. A., on duty with yellow fever patients at this hospital during the past epidemic. I also respectfully transmit tabular report of yellow fever cases treated in this hospital. I have the honor to be, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. A. KOEBPER, Asxixtiint Snri/ion, I.'. A A. Hrevet Major General J. K. Hakxks, Surt/eon (lenrral. Post Hospital, QmBMVIIXBj La., Dere.mbev 1, IHG7. Gkxkkal: On the 12th of the month of August, 18(57, I was ordered by the Medical Director of the Districts of Louisiana and Texas to perform duty as medical officer in the New Orleans post hospital, Greenville, Louisiana, when? I was especially assigned to attend to the yellow fever patients. The result of my observations, and my opinions on the subject of yellow fever, I most respectfully submit in the following lines : I am of the opinion that the only existing cause of yellow fever is the exposure to marsh miasmata, and that the disease is really a marsh remittent fever. I think myself justified, from repeated observations in Louisiana and Texas, in concluding that the joint influence; of marsh miasmata and of an atmosphere unusually and sufficiently heated, upon persons habituated to a cold or temperate climate, is, of itself, fully capable of causing an epidemic of yellow fever. It seems to me very probable that these marsh exhalations, and the effluvia arising from put rid vegetable and animal substances under a concurring vitiated state of the atmosphere, were the causes which gave rise this summer to the outbreak of this fever in New Orleans, and that it was afterwards kept up by contagion, heightened, by various accidental circumstances, to a pestilential degree of violence. During the months of April, May, and June an unusual amount of rain fell in the city, followed by very hot and sultry weather. Among th<; sufferers from yellow fever in this hospital, the colored troops quartered in its superfluous wards were by no means so apt to be seized with it as the whites. When the disease did appear among them, it was always much milder, except in those cases occurring among the colored recruits from the north. Soldiers of a full, pluthoric habit, and who were intemperate in their mode of living, were much greater sufferers by it than those of a lax fibre ami who were guilty of no irregularity. A noteworthy fact has manifested itself in the epidemic of this year, viz: that long residents, natives in general, were attacked by y<-]]«,w fever in its continued and malignant form, and became victims to it, notwithstanding their bodies had become creolized. a Our patients were mostly attacked with lassitude and weariness, chilly fits, flushing of the face, redni i-s of the t-yt-yi, pains in the eye-bnlls and lower part of the forehead, as, likewise, in the back and calves of the legs ; great anxiety about the prieeordia, debility and sighing, thirst, anil a tendency to coma; the urine high-colored, small in quantity, and turbid ; a quick, small, and hard pobcj skin hot, dry, and hard. Not one case came under my observation among soldiers, a.- will as among civilians, in which more or less OMthfMMM did not prevail. I could not perceive, in any patient, an evident remission, until the fever had entirely gone through its first stage, which was generally from thirty-six to seventy-two hours. Tlhtc was then often such an abatement of the symptoms as to induce the patient to think himself tolerably well ; hut an early recurrence of the symptoms in an aggravated form, accompanied with extreme debility, soon convinced him of the contrary. Tfall extreme debility prevailed in the last stage of the disease: large patches of livid spots could be observed on different part*; the tongue became dry and black, the teeth incrusted with a dark fur, the breath highly offensive, tin- whole body exhibit ing a livid yellow in many cases ; haemorrhages from the mouth atid nostrils occurred; dark and fetid stools were discharged ; UflOOqgfa en.-ue:tivd tcp say that yellow fever would not have become epidemic among us without the intercourse referred to; hut there is foundation for tin- lielief that if it had Wen Mat all, it would have been later and less general. I made no autopsies; and as to successful methods of treatment, I do not know that I have anything to write. lam persuaded, after passing through two epidemics, that when premonitory symptoms occur, and during the first i-tage of the disease, much more can be done with medicine than at any other stage. Few of all these troops were not on the pick list with the fever, and many not sent to the hospital were treated in quarters, where the disease was prevented or aborted by the use of purgatives and quinine, passing from the first stage of the disease to duty in a few days. In none of these cases was there a return of the disease or relapse, with but one exception, No. 12, on list of white patients. After recovery, he had leave of absence, indulged in very hearty eating while in the city, and next day was reattacked. He was immediately sent to hospital and died that night. I preferred castor oil as a purgative, but in many cases, six hour's before giving it, used three compound cathartic pills. I gave (jiiiniiie soon after the first operation of the purgatives, and at such intervals as to give at least thirty grains within twenty-four hours. I preferred, especially if there was irritability of the stomach, to give the quinine in pills, made by mixing the quinine with aromatic sulphuric acid. As to treatment during the progress of the disease, it hnrdly comes within the scope of this com munication to describe it. I will say, however, that I think quinine is too little administered, because we have been so often told that it has done harm. In my own case, in which the attack was severe, and my liability to miasmatic fever gave reason to apprehend the result. I took thirty grains daily, and in five days I was.able to get up, and in ten I returned to duty. I administered it in the same way to three of the 17. 8. band whom I treated in private quarters, all of whom recovered. Their drum major was one of them — one of the worst cases I saw — and when his stomach was too irritable to retain anything, I gave him 20 grains twice a daj ; ii beef tea enemata ;in fourteen days lie returned to duty. In all the cases in which I had entire control I gave it as I thought opportunity presented or indications suggested, and always, it appeared to me, with benefit. When a stimulant was needed, alter carefully trying champagne, porter, and ale, I gave up all for brandy, finding it to serve the purpose well without the evil results sometimes following the use of the others. In one case of marked interest, extending through nearly two months, in which there wire two relapses, and constitutional effects seldom seen without a fatal result — when the stomach was so irritable that it often rebelled against everything; the patient delirious; the pulse 131), but very weak — two to four times a day enemata of beef tea were administered, when I would put in one to two tablespoonfuls of brandy, with ten grains of quinine, with an almost immediate reduction of the pulse to eighty with an increase of force. Thus lie was carried over a condition which disallowed the use of any food or medicine except by enema. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, \VM. DEAL, Acting Auistnnt flwynon, ('. 8, .t. Urevet Brigadier General T. A. McPaim.in, Medinil Director Fifth Military District. ((MHiAM ink Station, Mississippi Kivi.i:, April 90, 1f J f!"'. I>l.a|{ Si i: : In answer to your communication of the I'ith instant, I have to state that the lirst appearance of yellow-fever at this station daring the year 1887 was on .luh Ist, four cases arrivini.' on the brig Virginius from Havana — eight days' DMMgV. Daring their (Mention two other cases occurred. The crew was composed of imacclimated Spaniards. ¦I iniiiiiier of cases treated in this hospital during the season was thirty-five, eight nl whom died. In reference to the o which it prevailed in this vicinity, I learn there were about forty cases, in iioik- of which, however, could the disease ¦d to this station ; the history of the cases plainly indicating New < rleans as the source of infection. Tl c disease diil not rage an an epidemic, but when introduced into a dwelli'ig by one of the family having received it el-- win re, it generally extended throughout, the family. ¦ have not been able to collect the information you desired some time since in regard to its history in Havana ::nd Vera but have written to the I'liiteil States consuls at those ports, whose replies, I trust, will soon arrive and prove satisfactory. Very IW|Motfldljr, JOQIM, &c, 11. REILNEB, M. D., BetidttU Pkptieian. I'.i.Mt Urigadier GoMnlT. A. M< I'.WM IN. Mtdieml Dtrsct»t I'ijth MOUarg Dittrkt, 138 HATO\ UOICii:, LOUISIANA. I'osr Hospital, QtauamUJt, LA., .)f-,,¦/ of ftBoM /'"'/¦, llalon Uniii; , La. limit l.h nt< mint Co/ohil W. />: H'i.l V< >¦/•>// . J&tittUni AwyfM, U.S. ¦'.. A*',!"*! exist. There were no cases of yellow fever reported in Baton BoOga (MMJ citizens) until ;ib,,nt her Kith. Private Kurtz contracted the fever at Baton Rouge, being on duty at the htmekl when M WM taken sick 139 VIDALIA, LOUISIANA VIIMUA, La., September 18, 18(J7. L(;i:m:i:ai. : I have the honor to transmit herewith a special report of yellow fever patients at this post for the month of «st, 18G7: * Sullivan, a robust man, of intemperate habits both as to food and drink, was first attacked ; he had all the unmistakable ¦jmpfcMM of yellow fever. I had him covered up with several blankets, and had a footbath prepared for him with mustard, as hot as he could bear it; after this I gave him 15 grains of calomel, followed next morning by an ounce of castor oil, which produced a good operation. The nausea and vomiting were relieved by creasote, given in mucilage, one drop every half hour, and by the application of flannel dipped in hot water and laudanum and applied to the stomach. For several daye he could not keep even bland fluids, such as barley water, in his stomach. I gave him brandy and water, which agreed with him. The violent neuralgic pains of which he complained and groaned like a child were relieved by dry cupping and sinapisms. He remained very debilitated for about a week, but he entirely recovered, and at the date of this report has returned to duty. Bthe same day, and nearly at the same hour, William Keefe was attacked; he did not suffer much from neuralgic pain, nausea and vomiting were intense. He was treated on the same principle as Sullivan and recovered. Vynerskirk was attacked the next day. This man had to be watched by two nurses constantly, as he wished always to get up to walk around. He was very anxious as to the nature and issue of the disease. He is doing very well at present. Kave to remark that at this period several citizens were taken sick, two of whom died suddenly. The physicians declared ase to be bilious intermittent fever. Bin exceedingly sorry that I did not take accurate notes of these cases; all I give here is from memory. At that time I in 20 to 25 patients, and had to prepare their medicines. I had, myself, intermittent fever at the same time. I am, General, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, E. ALEXANDER. Brevet Major General J. K. Bahnks, Surgeon General. Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. [ExntACT.] Vidai.ia, La., November 215, 18t>7. Sue : I have the honor of submitting the following report of the case of Lieutenant J. W. Hicks :* Bmy opinion, Lieutenant Hicks contracted the yellow fever from documents from New Orleans, received by the packet, | at night, and opened by him in a close, warm room, immediately on their receipt. J. B. MENG, Brevet Brigadier General T. A. McPamj.n, Acting Assistant Surgeon, ('. S: A. Medirnl Director Fifth Military District. Post ok Kiciimonh, La., April 20, 18G8. General : In reply to the communication dated April 3d, 18b'8, inquiring whether the three yellow fever patients reported bj me during August, 1867, in Company " X," 20th U. S. Infantry, had been in any way exposed to the disease, I have the honor to state that I cannot positively affirm whether such was the case or not. Yellow fever was at that time known to exist in the lower part of the city of Natchez, Mississippi, which city was opposite to our camp, on the other side of the Mississippi, the river being only about half a mile wide. This city was frequently visited, especially by those men of Company "X" who were known to be of irregular habits Privates O.Sullivan and Keefe were men of bad character, and as liquor could not be procured at Vidalia, Louisiana, I believe they took advantage of the night to go to Natchez, and may possibly have contracted the disease while on a debauch. I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. ALEXANDER, Brevet Major General J. K. Baknks, Surgeon (ieneral. Ailing Assistant Surgeon, 11. S. A. \4T< lII'Z. MISSISSIPPI. Post Hohitial, Natciikz, Mish., April 10, 1868. Silt : I have the honor to reply, in answer to the letter from your office dated Washington city, April 2d, 1868, requesting M to state whether yellow fiver prevail' <1 t>. any extent among the citizens of Natchez, and how I suppose my patients contra. te«l the (lisea-e, that the disease prevailed to a considerable extent among the citizens, but seems to have been of a mild type, few i are-, comparatively, having proved fatal. The two cases reported in monthly report of sick and wounded for Company " X," 24th 11. S. Infantry, for .September, 1867, in my opinion, contracted the disease on quarantine guard, wberc ; being quartered on the bank of the river, they came in contact Hrttb parties diseased and from diseased localities. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. |». GILLETTE, Brevet Major General .J. K. Baknk- §mrf*U Otmrml, Arti,,g A**i*tnnt .W.'/'-o/i, I . S. A. 140 vicksbijim;, Mississippi Extra** from Monthly ttptrt of Ac* and Wmmiti, FTfftllmy, Mississippi. Assistant AwfWN ,/. ,f. }«,««,„, & A J., OttoUv, 1867. I'll.- first can.- of yellow fever reported in the city occurred about a mouth ago. Since then the iftlllll has spread, and tely ben prODOmwed epidemic. One of the local newspapers of last week stated that there were over one hundred cases treatment in tba city, he fint case among the troops was Private Peter Huff, Company " D," "24th U. S. Infantry, who was taken sick October 1867. Ah a general rule the disease is of a mild form. All the MM under treatment at present are doing well. Extract from, Monthly Urport of Sick and Wounded, Vick»bur ; ,, Mississippi. Assistant AwyWN A. A. Fmmmu, U. 8. A November, 18(37 I ill the cases of yellow fever treated at this post, except two, occurred amongst men on duty in the city, or at some odtar Corporal Hardy and Private Rhodes, both fatal cases, are supposed to have contracted the iHiIMB at Woodville. M '-- . which place they had just arrived when attacked. The disease in the cases was of the most severe form, ending with rrhage from the throat and mouth and black vomit. Many cases of remittent fever rapidly assume a typhoid form and c the utmost vigilance on the part of the nurse, careful watching by the .Surgeon, and the constant exhibition of stimulants, lourishing diet, to bring them back to their normal condition. Extract from Monthly Iliport of Sick and fl'onndnl, Yirksbnry, Mississippi. Assistant Suryeon A. A. Fmmmu, U. 8. A lhi-i in her, 1867 There lias been no yellow fever reported amongst the troops at this post since the 521 st of December, JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI Jackson, MttOMIFH, April 14, 1868. BmUlil In reply to your communication of the 2d instant, I have the honor to state that yellow fever was prevailing here during the Hummer of 1867, and only four or five citizens died; but at Byram Station, some nine miles from here, on the New Orleans and Jackson Kailroad, were IHS cases of tiie same disease, of which 20 died, and only three or four of the citizens escaped the epidemic. I believe that Private (Hark, of Company "E," sth IT. S. Cavalry, contracted the disease here at Jackson, as lie was in a very feeble condition, when he came to this post from Yazoo City. I was informed by bis commander that he was nearly all Hummer reported as sick. Only a few squares from our camp a young man (citizen) named Maple died of yellow fever, which case all medical gMltlemeii here believe to have been the cause of spreading the disease amongst the citizens and troops. B> a few cases died at Madison Station, somr three miles from this post, where the epidemic prevailed more exten.-i vely ignant than here, although Jackson is located between Hyrain and Madii-on Stations. ¦ lti'M I was one of the afflicted of (he same epidemic at New Orhans, while visiting physician of the Charity hospital, in institution I remained until September 22d, 1855, when sent by the Howard Association for the relief of the siifferim: of demic to this place. I have bad great opportunity to treat several hundreds of cases without much I«M on the average, •c, in Jackson, 1 can say I have hail thirty-Heveii cases and have not lost one. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 141 JIK.TIFIIIS, TENN. lie marks on Monthly llrport of Sick and Wounded, Memphis, Tmn. W. S. Tremaiue, Assistant Surgeon, I. 8, A., November, 18(57. Two cases of yellow fever occurred this niontli. IWM attacked October 31st and returned to duty Novemlier 24th. The other was the case of a man detailed tonurst me. He was under the care of A. A. Surgeon R. MeGowan, who has left for Nashville ; consequently, I am unable to furnish any detailed account of his sickness beyond the fact that he died on the fourth day, having had a suppression of urine for forty-eight hours. These were the only cases in the command, although the disease prevailed extensively in the city. I had visited a number of cases, during October, by invitation of different physicians in civil practice. During the months of October and November, many of the cases I have reported as remittent and intermittent fever simulated yellow fever. The health of the command, as regards malarial diseases, is improving; due, in my opinion, to the daily administration of quinine atul whiskey at reveillC \i,i;i\Mn:n, L.I. Extract from Monthly Report of Sick and Wounded, Alexandria, La. Acting Assistant Surgeon J. F. M. Forwood, October, 18G7. Kant Bazine was admitted on the 27th from the steamer Fannie Gilbert. The disease was evidently contracted from son this steamer while en route from Baton Rouge to join his command at Jefferson, Texas. Symptoms of black already set in, and death followed in eight hours after his admission to hospital. Extract from Monthly Report of Sick and Wounded, Alexandria, La. Acting Assistant Surgeon J. /•'. M. Forwood, November, 1867. Bvate Malan, yellow fever, was admitted from steamer; had been sick at Baton Rouge ; wa« on steamer ten days while ¦ to thin post. Report of the Epidemic of Yellow Fever at Alexandria, La., during 1867. Acting Assistant Surgeon J. F. M. Forwood. Bcandria is situated on the right bank of Red river, about 80 miles from its mouth and 3(10 miles from New Orleans; lat. long. 15° 2T west. The barracks are on *he opposite side of the river, at a distance of three-quarters of a mile from ria and within a few hundred yards of Pineville. I- quartet occupied bjr the troops are hewed log cabins 12 by 18 feet, and formerly used aw officers' quarters. The country ight bank of the river, and opposite the camp, is cleared level farm land, partly under cultivation. On this side (the left : is rolling and thickly wooded with pine, except a space of less tlian a mile nearest the camp, oik; edge of which is a cypress swamp, extending up to the houses in tlie village of I'ineville and within a short distance of camp. From the overflow during the summer and the rains of the spring, the margins of these swamps are. left covered with rcgeUMa matter, which undergoes decomposition as the waters recede, making it exceedingly unhealthy until washed off by th>- next rains. The soil is a sandy loam, readily washed by the rains M they fall, the water running off into the bayous and ¦WSMfM. Spring water sufficient for use it found, and well water can be obtained at from ten to twenty feet from the surface in a i-tratum of quicksand. Bandria is the parish seat; consequently it is visited by those living within a circuit of 40 or 50 miles for business and to obtain provisions landed by steamers en route up the river from New Orleans. During the low stages of the igation is obstructed by the rapid current of the few inches of water over the falls, a short distance above this pointlers it necessary to reship the freight at this point on boats of less draught of water. ¦i this fact, steamers, during the epidemic, direct from New Orleans, an infected city, were compelled to remain several •c, the passengers, of necessity, detained, and liable to be left here sick with yellow fever. The mail routes via mouth ver, and from OpdoiMM, through CbwMjrrflle, were additional indirect routes of communication with New Orleans. KB I reported at this j«ont, March 2d, 1807, the command consisted of Company " B, 1 ' 90A I. S. Infantry, numbering 70 MB and 2 commissioned officers ; with the exception of 20 recruits, they were men that had been serving in Virginia, ntii-e command was in good condition. During the month of March there were VJ on sick report; in May there was ate of 1 1. About the first of May, three detachments were sent to adjoining parishes, leaving at the post about 40 in all. Ky in September it became evident that tin- epidemic, then ii; New Orleans, would soon reach this post; it had already ;i].|>i;.r.uice along the Mississippi, apparently through the constant travel between New Orleans ami these points. K-unitaryK -unitary condition of both Alexandria and l'ineville at this time was exceedingly bad, being overflowed in the beginning r, and piles of filth left by the receding water. No rain had fallen in a long time, and the pools of stagnant water hft erflow filled the air with gases of the most offensive and unhealthy character: this was markedly the case aflcr sunset c -iinri.-.-. To improve the condition of the town sufficiently would be a work not easily accomplished, since there seemed lo be no ¦ ¦ ¦ . . _. . ; . . .. . ; - ?,.,•,!,,,,•„. 142 The imminent danger of tin- command and the probability of many f;it;il MM BBMMg the un.icclimatcd men wndwod it BCOOOMrj to take BtofM to prevent tlie introduction of this disease among the troops. A thorough inspection of the camp and vicinity and of the personal cleanliness of the men WM at once made, and ¦ VtfOng police force instituted to keep them thorough)/ cleaned every day. The supply of disinfectant* on hand wan liberally used in the sink and othei plaoeo, and pulverized qtrfeklinie was scattered ahout and un7, that I was called to see a negro on board of tlio steamer Frolic, running between this place and New Orleans, he having arrived here only a few days previous to my visit. The epidemic fever wM prevailing in that city at the time of her departure. In consequence of the diagnosis of yellow fever the boat was ordered to leave tb« POH, and the patient, not being put ashore, was lost sight of. About a week subsequent to this event a lad ten jwi of IM, n siding in this town, sickened and died in a few days of black vomit; this case occurred in the practice of Dr. I 'rice, who obligingly communicated the facts in connection. Shortly after the death of this patient, another child in the same family contracted the disease and died of the vomit. It became an interesting question how to account for the appearance of infection in this family, and, on instituting a close inquiry, it turned out that the boy who first became ill had been playing and rambling OVW the boat Frolic as it lay Moored to the landing. It seemed that other cases of fever had been observed on the MUM steamer on a previous trip, during which several of them proved fatal before reaching Natcbitoches. About this time a jo ing man from tin- country visited Alexandria iind had transactions with parties connected with the family referred t«c soon after bit return home he also fell sick and died (as far as could lie ascertained from mm -medical sources) with symptoms that left bo doubt of the nature of his disease. The fever from this time increased rapidly, and in three' wicks the epidemic might have | „ cmsideied to have leached its acme. The largest number of cases at MM time under treatment beiiiL'. perhaps, not far IV.. in thirty, in a population of one thousand or twelve hundred; the whole number of persons attacked is estimated at two hundred, the mortality at about fifteen per cent. Those having had the disease in previous epidemics, with scarce an exception, 143 enjoyed entire immunity. The treatment that appeared most successful consisted fa) the administration of the mildest remedies and careful watching." Of the number of cases above reported, but about ten were colored, although the population is largely composed of freedmrii. The course of the epidemic could be readily traced from point to point along the indirect mail route between this place and New Orleans, but it did not become general. A number of fatal cases occurred during the last of November and the first of Pt ceniber, on the return of those persons who had moved away from town to escape fever, notwithstanding the epidemic seemed long before to have almost entirely disappeared. From this circumstance the troops were kept away from town until I >ccrinlier Kith, before which time we had several severe frosts. Many facts of interest and correct observations that could have been made at the time have necessarily been lost by not being able to note them as they occurred ; but this fact seems clear, that yellow fever was brought here in some way by communication with New Orleans, where it was epidemic at the time, and, after being introduced, became epidemic here ; and that persons only a few miles distant and not in communication with the infected locality were free from the disease. The cases reported and the mortality do not exceed, but perhaps fall short of, the actual number. KIIKI2VEPOKT, LOUISIANA. Shhkveport, Louisiana, March 21, 1868. kSiK : I have the honor to make the following report in reference to the late epidemic of yellow fever. The same made its arance in this city on or about the 24tli day of August, 1867. There were about 1,300 cases, and about 124 deaths ; the last occurred about the last of December, 1867. There were no cases in this camp among the troops, on account of the healthy ion of the same, the cleanliness of the camp and men, good water and diet; also, the communication between the camp the city was discontinued, and the men had no access whatever to the town during the epidemic. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHARLES W. KOKCHLINCJ Acting As.iixtant Simjeon, U. S. A. Hrevet Urigadier fJeneral T. A. McP.uu.ix, MetUeml Director Fifth Military District, New Orleans, Louisiana SHIP ISLAND, MISSISSIPPI. Esli-urt from Monthly Jit port of Sick and Wounded, Ship Ixlnnd, Misxixsippi. B, Gesner, Actiny Assistant Suryeon, October, 18(57. ¦low fever made its appearance on the island on or about the 14th of September, being introduced from New Orleans, la, by a prisoner, and the guard accompanying him. The prisoner died ; the guard has since recovered. The disease spread. PASS 4'IIItISTIA.\ A.\l> WINCHESTER, MISSISSIPPI. llstrart from Monthly BtfOrt of Sick aml Won nda! of Company " X," 24th U. S. Infantry, WinrhfuUr, Mis.iixxippi. /:'. C, I)e t'orrext, Acting A militant Suryeon, (Jctoher, 1867. October 11th, 1867, Company "1," 24th V. »S. Infantry, was ordered from Pass Christian, Mississippi, to Winchester, Mi--i-.-ippi, to prevent the, further spread of yellow fever, which had already m:ule its appearance among the troops. The first OMt was Lieutenant Matile, 24th I. K. Infimtry ; the second, Captain C. C. Hyatt, of the same regiment, who died October fitli. l - i;7. live iuju nfter hi had taken the fever. Two enlisted men were also down with the disease at that time. Khlhivi- cases were left in cure of Pr. C. 15. New, at I'ass Christian, Mississippi, with sufficient medical and hospital and ¦ detail of live men as nurses ; of the mil—, four took the fever, one of whom died. The troop! moved from i'ass Christian to this place on the 11th instant were seemingly in good health, find continued ho up to the morning of the ll'th, when Private Lynch was taken with the fever, and in seventy-two hours thereafter died. The next ca.-e. Corporal (iraves, who had been a volunteer attendant on Captain Hyatt, (luring his illness, took the foyer on the morning of the ] Ith, and at |h> present time is con valescing. The third case, Private Nisson, took the fever on the l.'.tli, and died after llgtltj two hours' illness. The fourth case, Lieutenant F. VV. Paul, 24th 11. >S. Infantry, took the fever on the morning of the •», ten d;,y- It : th>bowels loose, with froqnonl discharges, (ink-colored, watery evaciiations ;) the tongtM coated with a dark yellow fur. witli res and edges. There was frequent vomiting — first, of a yellow matter, followed by altered blood, (black vomit;) 00/.iug of blood from mouth and gum*. At tin 1 sixtieth hour a subsidence of tlie fever took place, and the patients gradually went into a collapsed stage ; low muttering and delirium set in. and death followed — in one case after seventy-two, in the other att. 1888. BlB: In answer to your communication of the *<{d instant, requesting information in regard to the origin of yellow fever at Pass Christian last fall, I would state that the constant communication with New Orleans and Hay St. Louis, then Infected points, no doubt, was the cause of the yellow fever making its appearance in that place. ¦was informed by Dr. Smyth, a prominent physician at the Pass, that the first case made its appearance in one of the is of the Christian association of that place, who had been on a visit to New Orleans about the time the yellow fever made learance as an epidemic. Kieutenant Matile and Captain Hyatt WON among the first that were taken with the fever. These officers exposed thems.lv ,-< •ssarily to the morning air. and would remain out fishing until the hot sun drove them to the house for shelter. Lieutenant was taken with the chill while out fishing, having been out since three in the morning. The chill came on about In a.m. Kxposure to the night air, or to the hot sun, or any MO— in eating or drinking, especially alcoholic stimulants, in my opinion, predisposes a person to take the disease, all the surroundings being the same. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, K. C. DX FORREST ictimg AatiatmtU thtrgeom, 1 . 8, I. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel .1. J. WoODWABD, Attitttmi Surgeo*, U. 8. A. HOItll.i: AND IVIO BILK BAY Extract from MmttUg tlftri of Bidt nuil Wound, (l, I'nrt Motyan, AhiUma. L. MtfHtUk, AeU»§ Amttttmi At*yMM .tut/iist, 18(57. Yellow fever was introduced at this post from New Orleans by Lieut. .1. K. Hezlep. who died heiv. It was communicated by him to Lieutenant Mieckcni idge, who shared his room, and to Dr. Reynolds, who attended him. It spread to tk«M ill immediate connection with them; from Lieutenant Hreckenridge to Quartermaster Sergeant L'lliuore and others, and from Dr. Uevnolds to his hospital steward, his laundress, her husband, and others. A fortnight after Lieutenant Hezlep's death. Dr. RejmoMl and Lieutenant llreekcnridgc were attacked on the same day. [Kxtk.u r. ] Four MouiiAN. A i v.. Btfttmher 16, I^*67. OEXBBAL: I regret to inform you that we hay«- had yellow fever at this post. A JOOBg olliccr. Lieutenant Hezlep. sent OB a tour of inspection from New Orleans, fell sick when he arrived, and died of it August 19th. A fortnight after the dfctMC , . , ,• i ,• •. ... ... .i i..,.. » • * * broke out bor*, and nine have died of it up to the present date Your obedient servant LAWRENCE REYNOLDB, Acting duiitmmt AirjMM, I ¦ B, A. lliev.l Major li.iieral .1. K. BABMBS, §mfsm (liuinil. 19 145 Post Hospital, Momu, Ai.a., Aj,rii ( ). 18(>8. Gknkkal: I have the honor to state thut Sergeant Luther Miller, Company '' H," lfjth F. S. Infantry, who died at Fort Games. Alabama, December Ist, 18ti7, with yellow fever, contracted the disease in the city of Mobile dining v stay of three days on court martial : I witness. I am, General, very respectfully, your oht dient servant O. L. (HAMPTON, tcting AuittatU Smyr n, I . S. A. Brevet Major General J. K. Barxks, Bmrgton General Moiuu:, AI.A., Septrmbrr 10, 1H67. Si i: : In answer to your letter of the 2d instant, I have to report no case of yellow fever until the 17th instant, when Major Tracy, loth U.S. Infantry, is said to have died of it. lie was treated in a private hospital, and, consequently, I do not think there was any chance of its infecting the troops. The troops have b.ecn removed to the eastern shore and phi-ed in camp. The l"< --ition for the camp was neither chosen nor recommended by me. The patients remaining in the post hospital are doing well, and in no ease are there any indications of yellow fever. Your instructions will he obeyed. B answer to your (|iiestion as to the manner in which niv recommendations arc; carried out, I beg to state that, up to the time, (i. c., to the time that Major Curtis, loth I. 8. Infantry, took command.) they have been disregarded in MTWaI •s — such as working the men in fatigue parties in the heat of the sun, &c. ¦aye given Dr. W. B. Hedges, Acting Assistant Surgeon, charge of the cam)) hospital, and, in the event of any infectious caking out. have instructed him to isolate the sick, and to take every precaution to avoid its spreading or being brought ty. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 11. J. PHILLIPS .Issix/ihit Stir;, ton, I . S, A. Brevet Brigadier General J. J. Mll.liu\ Mi dial Director Third Military District, Atl/mtu , Georgia, Post Hospital, Mobile, Ai.a., September 24, 1807. Gkxkkai. : I have the honor to report one case of yellow fever in hospital this morning. The patient is Corporal Hubbard, Company -'K." l.'ith I. S. Infantry. I would state that this soldier has not been exposed in any manner to the disease; is sober and temperate, and has not been out of the city. This is the fourth day, and his condition this morning is favorable. This is the first case of the season in this hospital. The Board of Health report thrve cases in the city this morning. The entire command have left the city, with the exce])tion of thirty-six men, now in hospital Very respectfully, your obedient servant EL \V. COALE. Acting Auietant Surgeon, ('. 8. A. Brevet Brigadier Genera] J. .1. Mm.h u\ Medical Director Third Military Dittriet, AHmtlm, Georgia r tract Jrtm MmtUg BtpH j Ski mmi WtmnM «/ Compamin "A," "C, M "Q," " 1," amd -A'," IM C. s. Infant,-,,, .)/„/„/,, Alabama, it. if. (Hah, Jftjwjr imittamt /ftnyon, flhjjftwlWi , 1867. K1.1.0W Fkvkk : This is the Hint case that has presented itself among the soldiers at this post. The patient has not been »sed to th<- AmmOj is tempei-ite and sober, and at this time (September 80th) is improving. I th.- 1-th in-taut the command was removed to Stalk's landing, on the eastern shore, distant from Mobile about ten ml, up to this date, the health of the command has been excellent. The disease so far has not been of a violent r, and most of &OM ittftifcefl have recovered. As yet the Board of Health of the city of Mobile have not reported in six deaths from yellow fever, though, to my knowledge, about thirty-live cases have occurred during September. The as observed by me at Port Morgan, Moi.ile bay. was of a malignant character, and life, in several instances, was din something less flian seventy-two hours. I also recommended the removal of the command there to a distance of four m the fort, and at this time then is not a single case of yello.v fescr at I'ort Morgan. ¦ '!i-. Ml Hi not or%fattte M the fat, but wm brought there on the person of an ofliccr. and from this case the disease munifiited. i:rt,-;,t jr.,,,, MmtUg Mtfmn ',/ si,/, ?,,,! n, ,„,„/,,/ ,./ <¦<„„,,„„;>» «j» " c," "a," «j» „„H. 146 KAICICA\ th of yellow fever." Hm: Tlic statements in tin; article on yellow fever at the naval station of Pensacola.* relative to the condition of the troops at Forts Harrancas and I'ickens, are substantially correct, so far M I can ascertain. The major portion of the officers and men were removed to Fort Pickens about the 14th of August, lrtl>7. and thus completely isolated. The remaining dozen of men were forbidden to pass into tlie woods between this command and the naval roerve, and, upon the occurrence of the MM from Ni-w Orleans, were altogether removed from the barracks into buildings a quarter of a mile westward, adjoining Fort HarrancaH. The few patients in hospital at the time were also moved out, and the room thoroughly cleaned. The man admitted Private Win. Snytler, Company " I," 44th Infantry, stated that he hail been sick, and had taken medicine before leaving New Orleans, and, when seen here, made the remark himself, "It is too late now.' 1 The removal of the men, and the avoidance in that way of a continuous exposure to infection, or of tin exposure to the fermenting and decomposing products of disease, seems to have been sufficient in this case to prevent any extension of the lever. I am, sir, very respei-tfully, your obedient servant W. C. MINOR, AltU/ttMt Surf/fin, mill /In nt Cii/i/iiin, f. ft ./. IJrevet Lieutenant Colonel J.J. WOODWARD, AmitUmi Suryom, U. 8. -I l\ s. Navw. Hospital, Pknsacola, Florida, /«MMry9, lB6B. ¦: : In compliance with your request. I herewith transmit a report of epidemic yellow fever tas it occurred on this station Aiimist, September, and October, IHII7, prepared by Acting Past Assistant Surgeon X. L. Campbell, U.B.N. Very ir>]icctfiilly, &( JOHN J. ABEBNETHY, Surgeon, f.S.X. Dr. P. J. Hoiiwriz, '"/"''/ "/ H»nau of Medieimt and Surgery, Xnry l>> pa rt iiu nt, IVdshinijtoii. It. < Respect fully forwarded : JAB. F. ARMSTRONG, Captain Commandant VnnfUU. U.S. \. The yellow fever epidemic of 1867 will long M remembere.l by the survivors, both for its severity and its unusual range along the* coast of the (Julf of Mexico, from Key West, Florida, to Corpus Christi, Texas, and inland to La (Jrange. Texas, and ""u'lVns"oir Florida, quarantine was established May '21st. 1887, by military authority. On the -.'lst of June the English ship Fab Wind arrived from Jamaica. West Indies, in ballast, and, in compliance with general rake, was ordered to quarant.ne for ten days She had 1 11 .-ported by the health oflicer as remarkably clean, well ventilated, and well appointed in every respect Ud with no sickness whatever on board, excepting the case of the steward, who was suturing from old age and general debility During her quarantine one man died very suddenly-reported to have complained somewhat, to have plunged OW benrdfera baZaild to have died very soon after of congestion ; but as the health officer was satisfied that the O*M did not warrant further detention, and as she had been thoroughly cleansed and fumigated, she was permitted to anchor one mile ©! PeMMola n the IMb of July the Mayor reported another death on board the 1- a.r W v,,1. and th, was a<_'ain ordeied to (|uaranline • I'liila Mfliril iin.l Siii-tfic.il i:.-|Hirt.T. Vol. xviii, |>. Wtl. Mir.-liM, IMP. II Im ¦¦<¦¦¦¦¦¦ I I N . I ¦ || irtl | | L r|, ||?. .„ ,] ,!,.,,, ?| sun;! mi I. .1. Horwit*, Cliu'f ol me lmri'uu oi Jituiiiiit .mi- •>>. 147 ¦brile disease, of a grave character, having also appeared on board other vessels in the harbor that had been loading w ; th much of wliic-h was covered with barnacles and grass, General Seymour, in an older of July '-I'M, directed two to juarand two others to quarantine or to sea. Rin the 21th July the schooner Texana arrived from New Orleans, where yellow fever WH provn tlinir. and the health reported her health good. In a few days, however, the mate was brought from the vessel to a boarding-house in the ill of yellow fever. And from thispoint the disease is said to have spread rapidly, the habitues of the house being infected, irrying the seeds of the disease to other localities. Prior to this an unusual number of cases of continued fever had been observed on shore; but with the natural unwillingness of a commercial community to declare itself pest-ridden, the disease was called continued fever, bilious fever, dengue or breakbone fever, red fever, Jamaica fever, &c, until the Mayor of Pensacola. in a letter of August 9th to General .Seymour, officially announced the existence of yellow fever in that city, stating that the first case had been that of the mate of the Texana, then convalescent, but that two citizens had lied, one on the Bth and one on the Dtli, "'with symptoius which leave no doubt of the ehancttr of the disease." Son this the garrison at Barrancas was removed to Fort Pickens, on .Santa Rosa island, and all communication with that rbidden as far as possible. General Seymour and family, with two officers and fifteen men. remained at Barrancas, and niinicatiou with Warrington or the navy yard, less than a mile distant, was prohibited, even to the few civilians residing .serve at Barrancas. The mail carrier alone was permitted to go to the village. I'pon receipt of the above intelligence, as, indeed, when disease first appeared among the shipping, Captain Armstrong. commanding the United States navy yard and station some four miles west of Pensacola, had communicated with the senior medical officer, Surgeon J. J. Abernethy, and thorough surveys were made, not only of the navy yard, but of the adjoining villages of Warrington and Woolsey, to discover and, if possible, remove any cause of disease or of impairment of general health. Rring the first ten days of August, 1867, there occurred at the navy yard three cases of intermittent and two cases of it fever, which require no further notice here than that they all progressed to recovery, excepting the case of Michael coal-heaver of the United States steamer Tacony, admitted to hospital on August Bth with remittent fever, from which convalescent on the 83d. h[NOTI liv THK EIUTOK. — Here the report gives a detailed history of each case, t'>o long for publication in this work. From ¦ histories it appears that the first case was that of Lieutenant Henry Y. Glesson, marine corps, who was attacked August The last case was a seaman of the United States steamer Glasgow, attacked Octoher Hth.] XCMBKR OF PERSONS ATTACHED TO U. S. NAVAL STATION, PENSACOLA, FLA., AUGUST 1, 1807. ( 'onimissioned officers, line and staff 1(1 Warrant :i Civil 1 ( lei ks 1 Total IS ( <>inmi:-sioned officers I . S. 'Marine Corpß 4 Non-commissioned officers, privates, & <• I^s Total ltt Ladies, servant*, and cliildren 17 ( I . S. Steamer Tacony 110 ( Mmh and rnfii belODging to Nortli Atlantic Sfjiculvon. ' I . S. Steamer Yucca M f I . S. Steamer (Jlangow 40 ?a. i , , . , x - ic. •• f 11. S. Steamer Hiicktliorn 1(5 Ofncei-n and men helonirmi' to Nuval Station ¦ i V. B. Steamer Rose || Total MB AflgNgaii 4si»; Tlie sboft foiistitnfed all residing witliin tlie precincts of the navy yard; BmMm these, tli< ie were two linndred and twintv othtTß emj>l(,yed in the yard M clerkx. iiiecliaiiiv suppression of urine ii 1 IJy tpistaxis l»v cutaneous eraptioM Total ' The number of cases of yellow fever in tlie a.i.ja.eiit villages of Warringtoii and Woolsey .(.illd not be attlffi— ><« having 149 On the 23(1 of August the V. S. army transport Alliance MM to P.arrancas t'roin New Orleans, where yellow fever was raging, bound to Key West and Tortillas. On hoard was a detachment of the 24th IT. K. Infantry, escorting prisoners to Him latter place. During tlie day Private Win. Snyder, of Company "I," 21th U. S. Infantry, came ashore and was found at the kitchen of the commanding ofKcer complaining of illness; was sent to the post hopital and placed in a ward among other sick- These, as well as the hospital steward and attendant, were all northern men and miaccliinafed. Snyder died at la.m. of the 25th of malignant yellow fever, and was not buried until 11 a. ni. Thi? few men in barracks were immediately removed to Fort Barrancas, two hundred yards distant, and the hospital rooms were thoroughly fumigated, (ieneral Seymour adds: "There was no sequence to this case, and not a single case occurred in the command, which, otherwise, was never more healthy than dining this summer." As an instance, on the other hand, of the portability of the disease, I may state that a Mr. McCJinn, an old resident of "Warrington, who had, in previous epidemics, been thrice attacked by yellow fever, lost a member of his family in thin epidemic, and removed the others to the house of a Mi 1 . Este, some three miles west of the light-house and six miles from the navy yard; a locality hitherto deemed unusually healthy, some fifty feet above the neighboring lagoon, and with no marsh near worth notice. Here McGinn himself soon fell ill of yellow fever for the fourth time in hit life, and the disease spread to his wife, to Mr. BotOj hi> wife and child, and to five colored people living nearby. I cfiil examination of the meteorological records kept at the office of the naval commandant shows that the lowest letrieal range in August was 70° Fahrenheit at 4 a. m. of the 2."ith and 26th; the highest, 9(J° Fahrenheit at 4 p. in. of Averages. 78J 0 and 89.2°. In September, the lowest was 72° at 4 a. in. of the :50th; the highest, 96° at 4p. in. of , Averages. 77.5° and 87°. In October, the lowest was 50° at 4a.m. of the :»lst ; the highest, 93° at 4p. in. of the verages, 68.4° and 81.8°. Bug August the prevailing winds were eleven days northerly, thirteen southerly, six easterly, and one westerly. During r, eighteen days northerly, seven southerly, and five easterly. During October, twenty days northerly, two southerly, erly, and one westerly. Kain fell in two days in August, five in September, and three in October. The excessively infectious nature of tin- breath :nd of the black vomit was shown in tin- fatal case of M. Doolin, as well as in the statement by Doctor Drmiimoiid, that in his efforts to assist Doctor Pick in the 'lying moments of the latter, he received upon his garments much of the ejected matter; upon returning to his quarters the discarded things we- c placed in a tub full of boiling water by his. servant, a middle-aged iMgrtM, native of Pensaco!;i. who. upon inhaling the steam, tell to tiie ground in a state of syncope that called for free stimulation. Other cases of sickness and prostration from the breath of patients weie also noticed. The writer has seen a gold stud-button worn by Mrs. S. during her fatal attack of August 31st, and it is even more discolored by the nature of the perspiration than the gold ring spoken of belonging to l)v. Murphy.* Treatment: If the patient was seen in the stage of chill or rigors, or after the hot stage had set in — as was, indeed, the more frequent — the following was found to be the best mode of procedure: the patient was stripped, well rubbed from head to loot with dry mustard, an'l then put in a full length bath at his bedside, made as hot as could be borne, a blanket thrown over to retain the heat, the patient's head only appearing, and there Ik; was kept until the pulse began to lower and he expressed relief from headache and other pains. Not only were all these effects experienced at the end of five or seven minutes, but in many BMM t iit- desire to free micturition was irresistible. The patient, when taken out of the bath, was laid upon a spare bed, quickly rubbed dry, clad in dry night clothing, and placed in his bed with plenty of blankets above and beneath him. By this time the perspiration, that bad already begun in the bath, would greatly increase. While in the bath and during the sweating stage the patient partook freely of hot drinks; table tea, orange leaf tea, and the hot infusion of the horse-mint, which grows abundantly in the neighborhood, were used. Flaxseed tea was found to be as good as any other; but as the patient was apt to tire of any one drink, it was found well to have the others by way of change. At the same time, an alkaline diaphoretic seemed to be mdii ated. The liquor of the acetate of ammonia was given in half-ounce doses, alone or combined with fifteen minims of spirits of nitric ether, or five grains of nitrate of potash, with spirits of nitric ether every three hours; or five grains of sulphate of soda, every tliree hours, in Miixseed tea; or chlorate of potMOB, in five-grain doses, every two or three hours, either alone or with spirit.- of nitric ether. Tliis last combination was found to answer best. Some one of tin- BOOTH was continued until subsidence of the febrile stage. Alter the patient was put to bed from the hot bath, all muscular exertion on his part was strictly forbidden as cxtrcnielv detrimental, not only by deranging the bed covering anil checking the perspiration, hut also by exhausting his strength. Raising the head frequently to drink was tiresome, increasing headache and productive of harm. To obviate this, he was kept still and his drink administered through a tube ; a common clay pipe, new and well washed, was found to answer this purpose very well. After the f.-ver abated the sweating was allowed to subside of itself, and the bedding, &,<¦., changed. This wa« found to be an impoitaut proeoM requiring great care. It should not be performed until the iVvvv abates and the sweatim? nub-ides. At this time the odor from the blankets saturated with perspiration is very offensive to those about the patient, and. for the first time generally, to himself. The blankets only should be removed, to be replaced instantly by others previously well warmed, as the It ast oooling of the patient's surface may In followed by suppression of perspiration and other serious c«iii-e'jiiences. The covering should now be sufficient to encourage gentle diaphoresis. In four or five hours after, the? body clothe- -hould be re'iioved, the patient will robbed with dry warm towels under the bed clothes, shifted to a clean dry lied, \\ itb warm OOttOB sheet.- and fresh liody clothe.-, put on, keeping him covered all the while. By this time the headache is, in MOOt case-, abated, although the pain of back and limbs still continues. A cathartic is generally of service now, especially if rle bOWok had not been moved since the seizure, as was, indeed, almost invariably the case. For this purpose, an emulsion ct OOOtor "il MTM bond to answer boot, on account of t h<- tendency to irritability of stomach. Any further necessary purgation wa- L'eh'ially ofloOtod bj enemata. Tie- cathartic usually brought away copious dark, offensive dejections, and relieved great I\ , K. Mrirpli y, MM "riter nay*, id dM history of *•i — . MM, lli;it (,«•(. .r»- he I a- attarkeil ' ' his |HM|| health all this time uns jfnnil, hut a (fihl lini; Wan for ninny year-, in Ihi* ami nt In- r HiiniitiM \\;, AwyWM dm' ml, I.S. A. i oic i JEFFERSON, i roitm \. l'oi:r Jkii KH.soN, Fi.okida. April 17, 1868. 1)1 M: Si l! : In reply to yours of the Ist instant, received yesterday, I would state that Captain Crabb returned from Havana on the IM HP Ith of .July ; that on the Hth of July he was attacked with severe (tains in the limbs and back, had a heavy chill, and vomited. The vomiting continued for three days, when he w;,h able to get up and go about. Dr. Cell and Dr. Holder 152 those woo attended nun were attacked with th" fever until after it. had broken oat In Company '" X," on the opposite lide of the twit, sixteen days iiftcr be left the post. I have beard of no other snspieioui eaeei before the oatbreak of the epidemic. 11l the report to which you refer it should have bean stated that Company " X," in which Qm disease broke OUt, OOBtained ¦ very bigs proportion of unaccliiiiated men, probably more than two-thirds of tin- company being composed of recruits who arrived in May and June preceding. This fact is prohahly more significant than the location of the quarters of the company. Very respectfully, your obedient servant. A. H. SMITH, Asu'mtnut fhtrgtom, mul lire Set Major, U. S. A. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel J. J. Woodwaud, Amstunt Sur;/(on, I. S. A. Bipori <>f a Board ifQJkm convened at Fort Jejf'rtoii, FloridUf in jmun»no of tkt foliowimg ordtn f ÜBADQUAKTEBS, FORT Jkikkkson, FLORIDA, No. 233. ) DecemUr 14, 1*67. A board of officers will meet on the 16th of December, or as soon thereafter as may he practicable, to ooflect and report facts in relation to the e[)idemic of the year H57, and to propose the proper m:-ans of avoiding any Injury to the service l>y the appearance of disease in the TottOgM islands in future. The board will not he limited in its field of examination or recommendation, and will take evidence whenever it may he necessary. I )'lu if fur the Board : Brevet Major A. 11. .Smith, Captain and Assistant Burgeon, U. S. A. ; First Lieutenant Paul Roemer. sth U. S. Artillery; Acting Assistant Surgeon Edward Thomas, U. >S. A. By order of Major Geo. P. Andrews : PAUL BOEMEB, Flni LUutemami ttk U. S. Artillery, Post Adjutant. •The board met December 16th, I^o7, in pursuance of the above order, all the numbers being present, and proceeded to collate evidence from persons present during the epidemic — from the records of the post and of the hospital, and by personal inspection of the fort and its vicinity — and, as the result of these investigations, respectfully report as follows: The subject of these investigations consists of an epidemic of yellow fever which occurred at Tort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas. Florid*, beginning on the l'Jth of August and ending on the 14th of KoTember, 1857, furnishing "270 cases, and occasioning 36 deaths.* Fort Jefferson is in latitude 24° '.18' X., and longitude 82° 53' W. It is constructed upon a coral island. :', : . feel above the level of the tea. The island contains about seven acres, nearly the whole being occupied by the fort. At the depth of two feet brackkh water is obtained. The only sources of procuring fresh water are the rainfall, which averages 3i).:W inches annually, and two eondenw n for evaporating sea water. The present available surface of roofing would yield an average of 8,500,000 gallons annually. If the buildings now in process of construction were properly roofed the yield would be about an averse nf I." 0,000 gallons annually. There are ample cist.-rns. The condensers an- capable of yielding about 6,000 gallons per day. The facilities for supplying fresh neat to the troops are exceedingly defective. The cattl, for beef are usually brought from the vicinity of Tampa, Florida, and are very inferior when purchased. They are then subjected to a passage of about seven dayi in the hold of a i-chooner. On arriving, they are placed upon a small barren i.-land in the vicinity of the fort and fed Upon dry forage, to which they are wholly unaccustomed. By the time th y are slaughtered, it is rarely that .. full-grown bullockwill drees three hundred pounds. The supply of meat, wretched as it is, is often deficient; when at the best, but three rations per man can be afford' d in ten days; but it frequently happens that no fresh meat can be had fc» days at a time, on account of deficient transportation and the difficulty of getting estimates approve.! in time to take adrantagtof the sailing of the Chartered schooners. This is owing to the isolated position of the post and the unfrequcnt and uncertain communication with the mainland. The greater portion of the troops are quartered in casemates, which are very leaky and COUStantlj damp. In that portion Of the fori where the fever first appeared the walls are slimy and covered with a green mould. Notwithstanding these die•drantageS th.- general health of the post in past years h is been remarkably good. From January 15th, 1886, to August 16th, 1867, the mean ratio of sick per 1,000 in. an strength was 66.30 prisoners during the same period the ratio was 70.10. The principal diseases have been intermittent and remittent 1 diarrhoea k considerable number of cases of dtngOS Srhnak-bOM fc*sr have occurred during the summers. Although but li Mtoal slekllOM occurs as a rule, vet the climate produces a remarkable deterioration of bodilj Strength. The s .penntendent of the laborer* in the engineer department states that it b customary, in making up labor estimates, to allow two m. n tor the same HBOimi Of work M is performed by one man at the north, and that in practice these estimates always fall short, three men not Mv,,,.,,,lishing more work than one- man is accustomeu to perform in the northern Btates. A remarkable example of Of th, ,li,nate occurred here a few -lays ago. A piano which -as handh ,l with ease by three men in New \ork required hortSSn to carry it here, and then they were obliged to pot it down every few rods and rwt. These being the general toll hearing upon the health of the garrison, the special . irenn^anecs winch may have m,1 .,,,.¦,¦.! the late epidemic arc the following: Tliis include,. sriSHMll and others t» 'he pest, as well ah tTCOpS, ;.ml akO 98 letapMft 20 153 Ist. The prevalence of yellow fever in the West Indies, at Key West, and at numerous points clong the Gulf coast 2d. The arrival in May and June of about one hundred unaeclimated recruits 3d. An unusual fall of rain during the months of Juue, July, and August, amounting to 37.20 inches — within about two inches of the average fall for a whole year. 4th. A remarkably persistent wind from the southeast, commencing about the 20th of May and continuing, almost without intermission, until the Ist of September. This direction of the wind is very exceptional, its course being generally from the northeast. . r )th. The moat along two faces of the fort was in an unfinished condition, and had filled in to such an extent that the bottom was exposed at low tide. The stench at such times is represented as being very decided. 6th. The connection of many of the privies with the sewers had become interrupted, and a great amount of filth had consequently accumulated in the vaults. Immediately preceding the outbreak of the fever an attempt was made to clean out these places, which attempt, however, was abandom d, as the resulting eilluvia was 6o overpowering that the further prosecution of the work during the hot weather was deemed hazardous. On the 19th of August the first case of yellow fever occurred. The patient was a member of Company " X," sth U. 8. Artillery, then quartered in casemates on the south side of the fort, overlooking the unfinished portion of the moat previously referred to. On the 20th the second case occurred, also from Company "X," while quartered in the same locality. The next three cases were also from this company. On the 25th the schooner Matchless arrived from Tampa, having on board a case of yellow fever. This was the sixth case. The patients had all been removed to the hospital on the east side of the fort, in the immediate vicinity of which Company "L" was quartered. On the 23d Company "X" was removed into casemates on the east tide of the fort, adjoining Company " L." On tlie 25th the disease broke out in the latter company. It next appeared among the servants in the officers' quarters. Company ' I," quartered in the barracks adjoining the hospital, was then attacked. Company "M/ 1 on the north side of the fort, escaped for nearly three weeks, when, on the 7th of September, thirty-five cases occurred in the company. On the 4tii of September Company "L" was removed to Bird Key, three-quarters of a mile from the fort. After the removal none were attacktd except those whose duties called them to the post. Ii the Ist of September a hospital was established on Sand Key, two miles from the fort. A small building capable of nodating about ten patients was already on the island, having been erected some years before as a small-pox hospital, hospital tents were added. Tv/enty-six patients were treated at this place, all of whom had taken the fever before they MM from the fort; seven died. ¦ the sth of September Brevet Major J. Sim. Smith, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., the medical officer of the post, was taken He died on the 6th. During his illness, Dr. Mudd, a prisoner, was placed in charge of the hospital by the commanding and rendered faithful and efficient service until the arrival of Dr. Whitehurst from Key West, September 7tb. Ei the dth of September Company *'X" was removed to Loggerhead Key and encamped. On the 21st Company "L" r greater convenience, transferred to the same place from Bird Key. But one case occurred at Loggerhead, while the continued to rage with unabated severity at the fort. This encampment was continued until the close of the epidemic. pply of provisions and water was derived from the post. The disease reached its height about the 20th of September, ulually declined until the last of October, the last case occurring on the 14th of November. Elbe total numbar of cases of officers, soldiers, citizens, and prisoners amounted to 270. The number of deaths was 38. mortality among the recruits coming from the north, who had been here but a few months previous to the outbreak of the , was in every instance very much greater than among those who had spent a winter here. ¦the 54 prisoners at the post, 44 had been here upwards of a year. Of theae one died, or 3.33 per cent. Of the other ten ¦s who had been«here but a few months, one died, making ten per cent. Of the men detailed as cooks and nurses in the . not one escaped the disease ; four died. We add the following table as a matter of much interest in elucidating the subject ACCLIMATKI). II t 4 %\ ¦ 1 I I I 111I 11 I II Oflicer* and goldiers . . . . DO? 12»i 9 00.38 4.34 7.14 UM 00 Citizens 11 | 7 I White.... 3f) I 1 30.00 3.33 11. 11 ' 10 10 I'ri.ionen, < . < Colored... 11 4 '.+. r,7 ¦ UK! ]¦¦::> 10 51.52 3. f-1 ¦ 7,40 12.". 77 L-XACCLI3IATKI). II 1 ~: I U| I 1I 1 5 a. £ - M "<•).«) 22. fil 41. (X) 3 I 77.77 :i:». :a AM 1 100.00 10.00 111.00 28 0.06 89.40 38. M 154 The facts wliich have been presented to the board lead tliem to concur in the following recommendation- : Ist. That unacclimated tMOJM should never be sent to this post except to arrive in the month." of November, December, lad January. 2d. That care should be taken to have always at least one company of thoroughly acclimated troops at the post to act an cooks and nurses, and to perform fatigue duty in the event of an epidemic of yellow fever. I'd. That the barracks be finished and the men removed from their present damp and unhealthy be on hand to construct summer quarters for the troops on one of the neighboring keys. Bth. That a small steamer should take the place of the schooners now in the employ of the Quartermaster's Department, in hat prompt communication may be had with the mainland and the procuring of supplies be facilitated. 11th. That, at least during the summer, there be two medical officers at the post and two hospital stewards. Bth. That the fact that a grave cannot be dug to a greater depth than one and a half or two feet without filling with water. i a proper interment of the dead, in the ordinary manner, difficult, if not impossible. It is therefore recommended that be built above ground, having separate cells, each of which should be large enough to contain one coffin. liese cells can be hermetically sealed, and the remains of the dead, it is believed, be better preserved for removal afterby relatives or friends. We would also add in the recommendation, that Loggerhead, being the most desirable key for the i of barracks, should have erected upon it one of these vaults, to contain not less than twenty cells for the reception of the I of those dying there, and Long Key, one-quarter of a mile from the post, should have another, to contain not less than cells, in which to deposit the dead from this place. The commanding officer states that these vaults can be easily and f constructed. I conclusion, we would nay of the origin of the disease, that not much can be determined with certainty; but it appears. 1 the evidence we have been able to collate, reasonable to believe that it originated here, was caused by deficient and bad re, and the consequent accumulation of a'great quantity of decomposed animal and vegetable matter was aggravated, in lability, by damp and unhealthy quartern and the universally great amount of moisture in the months of June, July, and ¦c exemption of the troops at Loggerhead would seem to indicate that the poison was confined within the limits of the id at the same time throw Borne disproof upon the commonly advanced theory that the disease is wafted by the wind. A. H. SMITH. Assistant Surgeon, and Brevet Major, U. S. A. PAUL ROEMER. First Lieutenant Fifth U, S. Artillery. EDWARD THOMAS, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., Recorder. Extract from a Special Report on Yellow Fever at Fort Jefferson. Acting Assistant Surgeon F. Thomas. October 31. 1867. Ip treatment has been substantially as follow*: At the outset, a brisk cathartic, composed of ten grains of calomel, ten of nd one of podophyllin. Sometimes the podopl.vllin ffH omitted, as the case seemed to require. After the bowofa bad rooffbfr cleansed out, the following was given : Chlorate of potassa, a drachm and a half to the ounce of water : doM, poonfal in half a tumbler of water, every four hours. The patients have been allowed all the ice and cold water that tnfod Limeade and lemonade also has been given them ad libitum, whenever they desired it. In cases of a ".urk.-l character even in the height of the fever, ale and porter has been freely used until sweating was induced. The J Bin, in the treatment has been to keep the skin moist and the kidneys active. So soon as convalescence set in, ale. •uid milk punch were administered two, three, or four times a day, as the case required. . underclothing of the patients has been changed tuice a week ; they have also. OOOaofeoallj, been changed from bed to •heir quarters have been thorough! v cleansed, with a thin solution of chloride of lime, from time to time. The changers, ing BMd, had chloride of lime sprinkled in them. In cases of delirium ice poultices to tb« head and nr.istard plaster, to nach were used. , , , i ¦ •, i .• • is has been, substantially, the treatment which I have pursued, and not I single death has occurred since its adoption. . Df Thorn*,' caae. were thoae which MOM* at ,he close of the epidemic : the October report, to vvhich the above remarks were appealed 155 I \ X X \ HASSEE* FLORIDA* /¦'.rtrart from Weekly Report of Companies "G" and " K,"7tJi U. S. Infantry, Talbihatsec, Florida. Atlimf AnttkMi Swrgtom T. Artaud. October 5, 1867. Brate C. Brady, Company "X," 7th U. S. Infantry, died October l«t, 1867, of well characterized yellow fever; a Sporadic ught from Madison, Florida. I will remark tliat no yellow fever was existing at that place, nor is there any existing lace. 156