A CYCLOPAEDIA c OF CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. ROSE'S NATIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SERIES. I. A CYCLOPAEDIA OF CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY: BEING CHIEFLY MEN OF THE TIME. A COLLECTION OF PERSONS DISTINGUISHED IN PROFESSIONAL AND POLITICAL LIFE ; LEADERS IN THE COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY OF CANADA, AND SUCCESSFUL PIONEERS. EDITED BY GEO. MACLEAN 'ROSE. Toronto: ROSE PUBLISHING COMPANY 1886. Entered according to act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-six, by Hunter, Rose & Co., in the office of the Minister of Agriculture. PRINTED AND BOUND BY HUNTER, ROSE & CO., TORONTO. PREFACE. It has been too long the custom to regard as proper subjects for biogra- phical literature only persons who have figured in political life. In preparing the present work, any man or woman who has, in any conspicuous way, contributed to the moral, intellectual, industrial or political growth of the country, has been deemed a suitable person for these pages. To the heroism and uncomplaining industry of the men who hewed out homes in the wilder- ness, and little by little overcame the obstacles of nature, are we indebted now for our thriving cities, and for our wide stretches of cultivated lands ; and to omit a record of their labors, and select only for permanent record the deeds of those who came upon the scenes when the rugged work was done, would be singularly unjust. We have had, and still have amongst us, men of great genius in engineering skill, and in mechanical contrivance ; and it was fitting that a brief record of their lives, and what they accomplished for the community, should be handed down in the history of our common country. The same may be said of men prominent in every branch of com- merce, of our notable divines, our eminent judges, our great lawyers, our talented medical men, and those who have contributed to the educational growth of the country. These it was considered were worthy of place side by side with the men who chose political careers, and have won more or less distinction therein. There is to be said in justification of all these records, that even the history of the man in an obscure village is a portion of the history of the country, and the aggregate record of " Representative Cana- dians " may be regarded in a young country like Canada, as a full historical account, in every sense, for the period covered by the biographical matter in the volume. Men are for ever drifting down the slow stream, and most of VI PREFACE. their deeds, like themselves, pass into oblivion; it is well while the oppor- tunity is at hand to save as much of the record as possible for posterity. The labour, the time, and the pains spent in securing data for the sketches herein contained have been greater than would be believed ; and the more so since accuracy of statement of fact, and the chronological order of incidents, have been so rigidly aimed at. Dates and facts have all been verified either by reference to the best published authorities, or to the persons themselves. For the most part, the call for the cooperation of the public in furnishing data for the records has been cordially responded to. As for the literary portion of the work, no pains have been spared to make that equal to the other features. To make the volume complete in the historically " representative " sense, memoirs of the most illustrious of the dead of this country will be found in its pages. The enterprise has been tedious, laborious and expensive ; but if it will supply a record that the country should not let die ; if it preserve the names of worthy men and women whose deeds deserve to be remembered, it surely will have well repaid the time, the anxiety, and the pains that have been expended upon it. A work of this kind could not be else than tedious; and, therefore, since its com- mencement, several changes have taken place: some of the persons in its pages have died ; others have passed from one office to another, and dropped from public places; hut with these latter exceptions and some other minor ones each memoir, it is believed, will be found to be an accurate record up to the present date. Toronto, February, 1886. GEO. MACLEAN LOSE. INDEX. Page. A Abbott, Harry Braithwaite, Victoria 740 Abbott, Hon. Jno. Jos. C., M.P., Montreal. 796 Adam, Graeme Mercer, Toronto 637 Akin, Thomas Beamish, D.C.L., Halifax... 662 Allan, Andrew, Montreal 317 Allan, Daniel Hugh, Toronto 110 Allan, Hon. George William,D.C.L.,Toronto 90 Allan, John Henry, Picton 409 Allan, Sir Hugh 35 Allen, Thomas, Toronto 168 Allison, David Wright, Adolphustown 729 Ami, Henry M., M.A., Ottawa 113 Anderson, Thomas Ogilvy, Toronto '.. 145 Anderson, William, J.P., Ameliasburg 421 Anderson, William J., London 259 Archibald, Hon. Adams G., Halifax 495 Acrhibald, Hon. Thomas D., Sydney, C.B.. 256 Ashley, Harford Thurlow, Belleville 213 Atkinson, Charles Richard, Chatham 585 Awrey, Nicholas, M.P.P., Binbrook 180 B Bagot, Sir Charles 248 Baillairge, George Frederick, C.E., Ottawa 69 Bain, Thomas Boult, Tilsonburg :.... 400 Baines, Dr. Allen Mackenzie, Toronto 65 Baker, Rev. J. Stamers, Port Hope 567 Baker, William John, Belleville 307 Baldwin, Hon. Robert, C.B 18 Balfour, Wm. D., M.P.P., Amherstburg, 0. 805 Barber, Major John Roaf, Georgetown 438 Barclay, Francis, Milton 385 Barker, Capt. Peter McGill, Orangeville.... 528 Barnard, Francis Jones, M.P., Yale 159 Barrick, Dr. Eli James, Toronto 206 Bartlet, Alexander, Windsor, Ont 703 Barton, Edward Warren, Toronto 153 Baskerville, Patrick, M.P.P., Ottawa 752 Beach, Mahlon F., Iroquois 792 Beattie, John, J. P., Fergus 739 Beaty, James, jr., M.P., Toronto 161 Beaugrand, Honore, Montreal 694 Page. Becker, Leaman, Waterford 371 Bell, Archibald, Judge, Chatham .. 598 Bell, Rev. George, LL.D., Kingston 501 Bell-Smith, Frederic Marlett, London 584 Bell, William Carrick, Ingersoll 395 Bell, William, Guelph 139 Bellemare, Raphael, Montreal 771 Benson, Thomas Moore, Q.C., Port Hope.. 65 Benson, Thomas, Port Hope 580 Bergin, Dr. Darby, M.P., Cornwall 443 Bethune, Angus, Cornwall 651 Bethune, James, LL.D 680 Bethune, Right Rev. Alex. Neil, Bishop.... 303 Bethune, Rev. Chas. Jas. Stewart, Port Hope 36 Billy, Louis Adolphe, M.P., Quebec 337 Birrell, George S., London 521 Blackburn, Josiah, London 466 Blaicher, Peter Campbell, Hamilton 670 Blake, Hon. Edward, M.P., Toronto 19 Blake, Hon. Samuel Hume, Q.C., Toronto. 72 Blake, Hon. William Hume 53 Blevins, John, Toronto 127 Body, Rev. Chas. William Edmond, Toronto 224 Booker, William Davis, Hamilton 94 Bourinot, John George, F.R.S.C, Ottawa... 281 Bowell, Hon. Mackenzie, M.P., Ottawa.... 516 Bowlby, Ward Hamilton, M.A., Berlin 123 Bowman. Isaac Erb, Waterloo 108 Bowman, Israel David, Berlin 642 Branscombe, Henry William, Picton 762 Bradley, Lieut.-Col. Alex. Priestly, Ottawa. 265 Bradshaw, Seth Wesley, Belleville 604 Brandon, James, Toronto 112 Brant, Chief Joseph 25 Breck, Ira Allen, Kingston 514 Brereton, Dr. Charles H., M. P.P., Bethany 795 Bristol, Dr. Amos Samuel, Napanee 540 Britton, Byron Moffatt, Q.C., Kingston.. . 574 Brock, Major-General Sir Isaac 32 Broley, Rev. James, Seaforth 254 Bronson, Henry Franklin, Ottawa 347 Brook, Joseph, Simcoe 247 Brothers, Joseph, Milton 275 VIII INDEX. Page. Brown, Adam, Hamilton 614 Brown, Hon. George 416 Brown, John Gordon, Toronto 748 Brown, Prof. William, Guelph 201 Brown, Richard, Toronto ..... 588 Bryce, Rev. George, LL.D., Winnipeg 159 Bryce, William, London 324 Brymner, Douglas, Ottawa 23 Bucke, Dr. Richard Maurice, London 565 Buell, Lt.-Col. Jacob Dockstader, Brockville 773 Burbridge, George Wheelock, Q.C., Ottawa 47 Burdett, Samuel Barton, LL.D., Belleville 462 Burgess, Alexander Mackinnon, Ottawa.... 169 Burns, Charles, Toronto 232 Burns, Rev. Alexander,D.D., Hamilton.... 398 Bygrave, Rev. Hilary, Toronto 523 C Cameron, Hector, M.P., Toronto 275 Cameron, Hon. Malcolm 71 Cameron, John, Toronto 226 Cameron, Malcolm Colin, M.P., Goderich.. 255 Campbell, Archibald Hamilton, Toronto.... 105 Campbell, Dr. John, Seaforth 432 Campbell, Duncan, Simcoe. 579 Campbell, Sir Alexander, Toronto 79 Campbell, Rev. Thomas Metcalfe, Goderich 211 Cant, John, Galt 737 Canniff, Dr. William, Toronto 34 Cantlie, James A., Montreal 746 Capell, John, Toronto 234 Carling, Hon. John, M.P., London 77 Carman, Robert Baldwin, Judge, Cornwall.. 801 Carmichael, James, Oshawa 306 Carmichael, William Robert, Bellevillie 422 Carney, Dr. Richard, Windsor 728 Caron, Hon. Sir Adolphe, M.P., Ottawa.... 396 Carpmael, Charles, M.A., Toronto 445 Carrol], Dr. James, Norwich 308 Carson, Robert J., Kingston 610 Carswell, Robert, Toronto 741 Cartier, Sir George E. 22 Cartwright, Hon. Sir Richard, Kingston 322 Casey, William, Hamilton . 63 Casgrain, Abbe Henry Raymond, Quebec... 644 Casgrain, Dr. Charles Eugene, Windsor 522 Cassils, William, Montreal 620 Cattanach, Donald 505 Caven, Rev. William, D.D., Toronto 61 Chadwick, Lieut.-Col. Chas. Eli, Ingersoll.. 409 Chamberlain, Lieut.-Col. Brown, Ottawa... 555 Chamberlain, Theodore F., Morrisburg 685 Champlain, Samuel de 220 Chapleau, Hon. Jos. Adolphe, M.P., Ottawa 193 Charlton, Benjamin E., Hamilton 571 Page. Charlton, John, M.P., Lynedoch 84 Chatteris, Charles George, Chatham, Ont... 642 Chauveau, Pierre Joseph Olivier, Montreal.. 502 Chisholm, Capt. William Bigger, Oakville.. 69 Chisholm, Kenneth, M.P.P., Brampton.... 519 Chown, Edwin, Kingston. 703 Christie, Hon. J. W., Brockville 561 Christie, William, Toronto 584 Church, Levi Ruggles, Q.C., Montreal 754 Claris, George Thomas, St. Thomas 370 Clark, Dr. Daniel, Toronto 359 Clark, Lieut.-Col. Thomas W., Waterford.. 792 Clarke, Charles Eitzwilliam, Tilsonburg.... 369 Claike, Francis, Belleville 453 Clarke, Henry Edward, M.P.P., Toronto... 132 Clarke, James, Belleville 473 Clarke, Lt.-Col. Hon. Charles, M.P.P., Elora 278 Clarke, Rev. John Stokes, Picton 789 Clarkson, Rev. John B., M.A., Belleville... 273 Claxton, Thomas, Toronto 329 Cleary, Bishop James Vincent, Kingston... 647 Clements, Matthew, Milton 147 Clemow, Hon. Francis, Senator, Ottawa.... 299 Close, Patrick G., Toronto 85 Clutton, Samuel Sparkes, Aylmer, Ont 413 Cochrane, Hon. Matthew Henry, Compton.. 430 Cochrane, Rev. William, D.D., Brantford.. 257 Colby, Charles Carroll, M.P., Stanstead... 564 Cole, Lt.-Col. Wilmot Howard, Brockville.. 659 Collins, Joseph Edmund, Toronto 538 Colquhoun, Dr. George, Iroquois 689 Colquhoun, William, Cornwall 627 Comstock, William Henry, Brockville 683 Conger, Stephen Marshall, Picton 575 Conley, Thomas, Kemptville 673 Conmee, James, M.P.P., Port Arthur 772 Cook, Herman H., M.P., Toronto 114 Cook, SimonS., Morrisburg 661 Cooke, Richard Plunkett, C.E., Brockville.. 697 Corbett, Charles Henry, Kingston 512 Corbett, George Frederick 511 Corbett, Patrick 510 Corbett( Richard 511 Cordner, Rev. John, LL.D., Boston 98 Cosby, Alfred Morgan, Toronto 270 Costigan, Hon. John, M.P., Ottawa 133 Cotton, Lieut.-Colonel W. H., Kingston.... 787 Coursol, Charles Joseph, M.P., Montreal.... 665 Courtney, John Mortimer, Ottawa. 507 Covernton, Dr. Charles William, Toronto.. 103 Cowan, James, London 399 Coyne, James Henry, St. Thomas 518 Crawford, John, Aylmer, Ont 412 Crawford, Patrick, Hamilton.. 547 Crawford, Rev. Edward Patrick, Brockville. 607 INI) EX. IX P Crerar, John, Hamilton 45 Crooks, Hon. Adam 168 Cronyn, The Right Rev. Bishop Benj., D. D.. 693 Cumberland, Colonel Frederick William.... 705 Cumming, Hugh Francis, Chatham 468 Curry, George Calvin, Picton 251 Curts, Rev. James, Newburgh 338 D Daly, Malachy Bowes, M.P.. Halifax 49 Darling, Andrew, Toronto 83 Darling, William 753 Davies, Rev. Henry William, D.D., Toronto 704 Dawson, George Mercer, D.S., Ottawa 413 Dawson, John Edward, London 746 Dawson, Major George Dudley, Toronto.... 184 Dawson, S. J., M.P. for Algoma 508 Dawson, Sir J. William, Montreal 40 Day, Dr. Henry Wright, Trenton 179 Defoe, Daniel McCarthy, Toronto 312 Denison, Colonel George Taylor, Toronto... 245 Denison, Lt.-Colonel Geo. Taylor, Toronto.. 244 Denison, Lt.-Colonel Geo. Taylor, Toronto.. 245 Denison, Lt.-Colonel Fred. Charles, Toronto 246 Deroche, Hammel Madden, Napanee 506 Desjardins, T. C. Alphonse, M.P., Montreal 212 De St. Just, Hon. Luc Letellier 188 Deville, Edward Gaston, Ottawa 222 Dewar, John, Milton 117 Dewart, Rev. Edward H., D.D., Toronto... 207 Dewe, John, Ottawa 174 Dickey, Hon.R.B., Senator,Amherst,N.S.... 717 Dickinson, Moss Kent, M.P., Manotick.... 238 Dickson, Rev. James A. R., B.D., Galt.... 492 Digby, Dr. James W., Brantford 636 Dill, Jacob William, M.P P., Bracebridge.. 767 Dingwall, James, Cornwall 748 Dinnick, Charles Richard Sleman, Toronto.. 161 Dinnis, Richard, Toronto 138 Disney, Right Bev. Richard R., Chatham.. 456 Dixon, B. Homor, K.N.L., Toronto 526 Dixon, Rev. Alexander, Guelph 428 Dobson, James, Toronto 382 Dodd, Murray, M.P., Sydney, Nova Scotia 563 Doherty, Wm. Burton, LL.B., St. Thomas.. 626 Doherty, William, Clinton 572 Dougall, Duncan, B.A., Windsor 732 Dougall, John, New York 304 Douglas, William, Chatham, Ont 697 Dowd, Rev. Patrick, Montreal... 730 Dowler, William Arthur, B.A., Tilsonburg 361 Dowling, The Very Rev. Thomas J., Paris.. 183 Downey, Thomas, Jr.,Toronto 219 Draper, Hon. William Henry 166 Drennan, S. T 480 Page. Drennan, William Melville, Kingston 569 Drew, George Alexander, Elora 77 Dryden, John, M.P.P., Brooklin ... 711 Dufferin, Earl of • 433 Duhamel, Joseph, Q.C., Montreal 283 Dunkin, Hon. Christopher 114 Dunnet, James Waters, Belleville 205 Dupuis, Dr. Thomas R., Kingston 559 Dupuis, Prof. Nathan Eellowes, Kingston.. 610 Durham, Earl of 262 Dwight, Harvey Prentice, Toronto 45 Dymond, Alfred Hutchinson, Brantford.... 21 E Easton, Dr. John, Brockville 571 Easton, George, Brockville 596 Eccles, Dr. Friend Richard, London 394 Eddy, Ezra Butler, Hull 156 Elgin, Earl of 313 Elliot, Hon. William, Judge, London 274 Elliott, John, London 388 Elwood, Rev. Ed. Lindsay, M.A., Goderich 604 Emsley, Rev. William H., Napanee 498 English, Rev. E. N., M.A., London 682 Ermatinger, Chas. Oaks, M.P.P., St. Thoma 411 Evans, George M., M.A., Toronto 426 Evans, H. Sugden, F.C.S., Ottawa 86 F Fairbank, John H., M.P., Petrolia 605 Faile, Philip, Tilsonburg 392 Farlinger, Captain Alexander, Morrisburg.. 599 Farran, William Wallace, Clinton 192 Farrer, Edward, Toronto 378 Fancher de St. Maurice, N.H.E., Quebec.. 277 Fennell, John, Berlin 508 Fenwick, Dr. Kenneth N., Kingston 452 Ferguson, Dr. John, Niagara Falls 321 Ferguson, William, Kingston 506 Ferrier, Lt.-Col. Alexander David, Fergus.. 707 Fiddes, Alexander, Toronto 242 Fitz-Gerald, Frederick Ardell, J.P., London 708 Fitzsimmons, William, Brockville 727 Fleming, Sandford, C.M.G., Ottawa 389 Fletcher, Rev. Donald Hugh, Hamilton 429 Flint, John James Blecker, Belleville 184 Flock, Christopher William, St. Thomas.... 417 Folger, Benjamin Webster, Kingston 780 Forster, Archibald McDonald, Hamilton.... 152 Foste'', Hon. George Eulis, M.P., Apohaqui 781 Frankland, Garratt Frank, Toronto 78 Frankland, Henry Robertshaw, Toronto.... 175 Fraser, Hon. Christopher Finlay, Brockville 136 Fraser, Dr. John Martin, London 291 Fraser, William Hugh, Ottawa 350 X INDEX. Page. Frechette, Louis, LL.D., Nicolet, P.Q 318 Freeman, Dr. Clarkson, Milton 115 Freeman, John B., M.P.P., Simcoe 699 French, Frederick John, M.P.P., Prescott.. 578 Frost, John George, Belleville 315 Fuller, Samuel Street, Stratford 231 Fuller, Thomas, Ottawa 140 Funcken, Very Rev. Louis, D.D., Berlin.... 455 G Galbraith, William, Toronto. 41 Gall, George, Toronto 280 Galt, Hon. Thomas, Judge, Toronto 635 Galt, Sir Alexander Tilloch, Montreal 75 Gardner, Samuel Fleming, Chatham 614 Garrow, James Thompson, Goderich 218 Gaskin, Captain John, Kingston 446 Gault, Matthew Hamilton, M.P., Montreal. 431 Ghent, Samson Howell, Hamilton 121 Gibbons, George Christie. London 292 Gibson, Lt.-Cl.Jno.Morison,MPP,,Hamilton 106 Gibson, Stephen, Napanee 407 Gilchrist, John, Orangeville 544 Gildersleeve, Charles F., Kingston 586 Gilholm, Robert, Galt 274 Gillies, Major John, M.P.P., Gillies' Hill .. 805 Gilmour, Allan, Sr., Ottawa 627 Girard, Marc Amable, St. Boniface 380 Girdwood, Dr. Gilbert Prout, Montreal 404 Gisborne, Frederick Newton, Ottawa 284 Glasgow, Major John, Hamilton . 504 Glass, Sheriff William, London 288 Gobeil, Antoine, Ottawa 93 Gordon, William, Stratford 366 Gowan, Hon. James Robert, Senator, Barrie 185 Graham, Peter, M.P.P., Warwick 763 Grant, Dr. James A., Ottawa 103 Grant, John M., Woodstock 213 Grant, Rev. George Monro, D.D., Kingston. 178 Grasett, Dr. F. Le Maitre, Toronto 163 Gray, Henry Alfred, C.E., Stratford 362 Gray, Lt.-Col. John, M.P.P., Parkdale 330 Graydon, John, Streetsville 783 Greet, Thomas Young, Kingston 621 Gregg, Rev. William, D.D., Toronto 101 Griffin, William Henry, Ottawa 302 Groves, Dr, Abraham, Fergus 465 Gunn, Alexander, M.P., Kingston 806 Guy, James Odgers, Oshawa 120 Gwynne, Hon. John Wellington, Ottawa.... 563 Gzowski, Col. Casimir Stanislaus, Toronto.. 590 H Hadley, Sylvester, Chatham 587 Hagarty, Hon. John Hawkins, Chief Justice 473 Page. Haggert, John, Brampton 435 Hague, George, Montreal 333 Hague, John, Toronto 88 Hale, Horatio, Clinton 374 Hall, John Sharp 188 Hall, William, Toronto 319 Hallam, John, Toronto 82 Hambly, Major Philip Hele, Belleville 191 Hamel, Very Rev. Thomas Etienne, Quebec. 533 Hamilton, Clark, Kingston 548 Hamilton, Dr. Charles James, Cornwall.... 684 Hamilton, Hon. John , 570 Hamilton, Hon. John, Senator, Montreal. . 593 Hamilton, William L., Brookville 651 Hardy, Hon. A. Sturgis, M.P P., Brantford 629 Harkness, Adam, Iroquois 688 Harper, Major, Whitby 357 Harper, John M., B.A., Quebec 229 Harrison, Glover, Toronto 541 Harston, Charles Grenville, Toronto 81 Harty, William, Kingston 613 Harvey, Arthur, Toronto 515 Harwood, Col. Antoine C. de L., Vaudreuil 803 Hay, David Davidson, Stratford 221 Hay, Peter, Galt 299 Hay, Robert, M.P., Toronto 293 Hayes, Dr. James, Simcoe. 264 Head, Sir Edmund Walker 377 Heggie, Dr. David, Brampton 500 Himsworth, William Alfred 713 Henderson, Dr. Alexander Allan, Ottawa... 26 Henderson, Dr, William Henry, Kingston. . 555 Henderson, Jas. Alexander, Q.C., Kingston 535 Henderson, Rev. W. C., M.A., St. Marys.. 444 Henderson, William, Toronto 93 Hendry, William, Berlin 126 Henry, Hon. William Alexander, Ottawa . 360 Henry, Dr. James, Orangeville 554 Henry, Robert, Brantford 98 Herring, John, Napanee 602 Hewett, Col. Edward, Osborne, Kingston... 638 Hickey, Dr. Daniel C., Kingston 582 Hickson, Joseph, Montreal 681 Higginbotham, John William, Oshawa 191 Hilly er. Dr. Edward Seager, Hamilton 86 Hilton, Francis Andrew, Trenton 747 Hincks, Sir Francis 29 Hobbs, William, Milton 216 Hobbs, William Richards, London 653 Hodgins, John George, LL.D., Toronto.... 566 Hodgins, John, Ottawa 308 Hogg, William Drummond, Ottawa 141 Holden, Thomas, Belleville 216 Holgate, Prof. Thomas Franklin, Belleville.. 207 Holmes, Dr. Tecumseh Kingsley, Chatham.. 460 INDEX. XI Page. Holtby, Thomas, Brampton 393 Holton, Hon. Luther Hamilton 692 Hore, Francis William, Hamilton 336 Hope, Dr. William, Sheriff, Belleville 376 Houston, William, M.A., Toronto 391 Howard, Allen McLean, Toronto 300 Howe, Hon. Joseph 176 Howland, Sir William Pearce, C.B., Toronto 301 Howland, William H., Toronto 643 Hudson, William Parker, M.P.P., Roslin .. 768 Hughes, James Laughlin, Toronto 104 Hunt, T. Sterry, LL.D., Montreal 269 Hunter, John Howard, Toronto 733 Hunter, Rev.William John, D.D., Hamilton 387 Huntington, Hon. Lucius Seth 164 Hurteau, Hilaire, M.P., St. Lin 656 Hutchinson, Charles, London 277 I Innes, James, M.P., Guelph 373 Innes, Rev. George Mignon, M.A., London. 631 Innes, William Patrick, Simcoe 309 Irwin, Dr. Chamberlin Arthur, Kingston.. 539 J Jackson, Rev. Samuel N., M.D., Kingston.. 522 Jaffray, William, Berlin 197 Jameson, Robert Hamilton, Whitby 550 Janes, Simeon Heman. M. A., Toronto 592 Jardine, Rev. Robert, M.A., Brockville 639 Jeffery, Joseph, London 571 Jessup, Hamilton Dibble, Prescott...... ... 630 Johnson, Dr. William Henry, Fergus 481 Johnson, William, Belleville 228 Johnston, John, Belleville 312 Johnston, Rev. Hugh, M.A., Toronto 215 Jones, Charles Jerome, B.A., Ottawa 533 Jones, John, Toronto 322 Joss, John, Toronto 294 Joy, Dr. Sylvanus, Tilsonbutg 371 K Karn, Dennis W., Woodstock 591 Kaulbach, Hon. Henry A. N., Lunenburg .. 344 Keefer, Samuel, C.E., Brockville 714 Keefer, Thomas C., C.E., Ottawa 226 Kennedy, John, Toronto 164 Kennedy, Warring, Toronto 187 Kent, John, Toronto 180 Kerns, Major William, M.P.P., Burlington 763 Kerr, James Kirkpatrick, Q.C., Toronto.... 544 Killey, J. H. Hamilton 552 Kilroy, Rev. Edmond Burke, D.D., Stratford 268 King, Dr. John S., Toronto 60 Page- King, John, Berlin 156 King, William Frederick, B.A., Ottawa.... 57 Kingsmill, Thomas Frazer, London 532 Kirby, William, F.R.S 0., Niagara 457 Kirkland, Thomas, M.A., Toronto 641 Kirkpatrick, Lt.-Col. Hon. G. A., Kingston. 127 Knees, Charles, Milton 453 Kranz, Hugo, M.P., Berlin 546 Kumpf, Christian, Waterloo 177 L Lackner, Dr. Henry G., Berlin 148 Lacoste, Hon. Alex.,Q.C., Senator, Montreal 160 Laflamme, Hon. Toussaint, P.C., Montreal.. 676 Lafontaine, Sir L. H 209 Laidlaw, Adam, Hamilton 62 Landry, Auguste Charles P.R., M.P., Quebec 171 Lane, Charles, Napanee 327 Langelier, Francois C. Stanislas,M. P. .Quebec 89 Langevin, Sir Hector Louis, M.P., Ottawa.. 82 Langmuir, John Woodburn, Toronto 64 Lansdowne, Marquis of, Ottawa 70' Larkin, Patrick Joseph, St. Catharines 789 Larmour, Robert, Stratford 309 Lash, Zebulun Aiton, Toronto 657 Laurent, Very Rev. Joseph M., Toronto.... 53fl Laurier, Hon. Wilfred, M.P., Arthabaskaville 121 Lavell, Dr. Michael, Kingston 403 Lavery, William James, Hamilton 393- Lee, Walter Sutherland, Toronto 48 Lee, William Augustine, Toronto 134 Lefevre, Dr. John M., Brookville 721 Leitch, James, Cornwall 646 LeMoine, James MacPherson, Quebec 528 Lennon, Rev. P., Brantford 223- Lewis, Dr. Frederick Wilson, Orangeville... 605 Lewis, John, Belleville 310 Lewis, Right Rev. J. Travers, D.D., Ottawa 345 Leys, John, Toronto 230 Light, Alexander Luders, Quebec 454 Lindsay, James, Mil ton 167 Lizars, Daniel Home, Stratford 362 Lloyd, Thomas Daniel, Barrie 406 Logan, Sir William E 73 Lome, Marquis of 295 Luke, Joseph, Tilsonbutg 724 Lumsden, Hugh David, Montreal 768 Lumsdin, John MacVeigh, Galt 779 Lusignan, J. Baptiste Alphonse, Ottawa.... 745 Lynch, Hon. W. Warren, M.P.P., Knowlton 118 Lynch, Most Rev. J. J., Archbishop, Toronto 691 M MacArthur, Donald Alexander, Alexandria. 65(4 Macbeth, Lieut.-Colonel John, London 718 XII INDEX. Page. MacCabe, John Alexander, M.A., Ottawa .. 303 Macdonald, Dr. A. A., Toronto 49 Macdonald, Hon. John Sandfield 54 Macdonald, John, Toronto 335 Macdonald, Lieut-Col. Archibald Hy.,Guelph 125 Macdonald, Right Hon. Sir John A., Ottawa 58 Macdonell, George, Cornwall 616 Macdonell, Samuel Smith, Q.C., Windsor... 72o Macdougall, Dougall, Berlin 145 Macdougall, John Lorn, M. A., Ottawa 137 Macfadden, James, Stratford 117 Macfarlane, Hon. Alex., Wallace, NovaScotia 573 Macintyre, Thomas Macfarlane, Brantford.. 147 Mack, William, J.P., Cornwall 659 Mackenzie, Hon. Alexander, M.P., Toronto. 548 Mackenzie, John Innes, Hamilton . 37 Mackenzie, William Innes, Toronto 50 Mackenzie, William Lyon 33 Mackintosh, Charles Herbert, M.P., Ottawa. 51 Maclaren, John James, Q.C., Toronto 470 MacLaren, Rev. Prof. Wm., D.D., Toronto. 225 Maclean, Rev. Mathew W., M.A., Belleville. 325 Maclennan, Donald, Ban, Q.C., Cornwall .. 769 Mac Mahon, Hugh, Q.C., Toronto 477 MacMurchy, Archibald, M.A., Toronto .... 738 Macmaster, Donald, M.P., Montreal 497 MacNab, Hon. Sir Allan 348 Macpherson, D. M., Lancaster 728 Macpherson, Hon. Sir David, P.C., Toronto. 48 Macpherson, Lieut.-Colonel John, Ottawa... 318 Macqueen, Frederick William, Woodstock.. 189 MacVicar, Principal D. H., D.D., Montreal. 149 Magill, Lieut.-Colonel Charles, Hamilton ... 667 Mair, Charles, Prince Albert, N.W.T 803 Mair, George, London 332 Mallon, John, Toronto 170 Manning, Alexander, Toronto 561 Marchand, Felix G., M.P.P., St.Johns, P.Q. 313 Marlatt, Dr. Charles William, Aylmer 365 Marling, Alexander, LL.B., Toronto 619 Martin, Rev. N. H.. Chatham 797 Martyn, John Piper, St. Thomas 534 Mason, Ambrose Wilcock, Toronto 258 Massey, Charles Albert 776 Massey, Hart Almerini, Toronto 774 Massue, Louis Huet, M.P., Varennes 141 5Matheson, David, Ottawa 131 Matthews, Wilbur C., Toronto .., 625 Matthew's, Wilmott Delouir, Toronto 340 John, Toronto. 55 May, Dr. Samuel Passmore, Toronto 654 McCarthy, Dalton, M.P., Toronto 624 McCarthy, John, Prescott 669 McCarthy, Judge Maitland, Orangeville.... 538 McGaughey Samuel, Glyn, M.A.,'Seaforth. 232 Page. McColl, Rev. A., Chatham 500 McColman, Niel, M.P.P., Clarksburg 304 McCord, A. T., Toronto 320 McCracken, Thomas, Toronto. 242 McCrae, Thomas, Guelph 677 McCurdy, Dr. Archibald, 'Norwich 346 McDonald, Hon. John, Gananoque 694 McDonald, Hon.Wm., Little Glace Bay,N.S. 253 McDonald, Judge Herbert Stone, Brockville. 652 McDonald, Rev. Alex. Douglas, Seaforth.. . 194 McDonald, William, Tilsonburg 609 McDonell, Augustine, C.E., Chatham 488 McDonough, Thomas, London 397 McDougall, Colin, Q.C., St. Thomas 434 McDougall, Hon. William, C.B., Ottawa.... 556 McFadden, William Hy., LL.B., Brampton. 442 McGee, James, Toronto 132 McGibbon, Duncan, Milton 752 McGill, Hon. James 158 McGreevy, Thomas, M.P., Quebec 489 McGregor, James, Detroit 709 McGuin, John Bell, Napanee 439 McGuire, Francis J., Trenton 186 McGuire, Thomas Horace, Q.C., Kingston.. 702 McIntyre, Alexander Fraser, Ottawa 526 McIntyre, Dr. Daniel Eugene, Cornwall.... 700 McIntyre, John, Q.C., Kingston 438 McKellar, Archibald, Ottawa 179 McKellar, Peter Duncan, Chatham 589 McKellar, Sheriff Archibald, Hamilton 56 McKenny, Thomas, Thornbury 487 McKeough, John, Chatham 568 McKeough, William, Chatham 512 McKindsey, Hon, G. C., Senator, Milton.. . 46 McKinnon, Hugh, Belleville 726 McLaughlin, James Francis, Toronto 203 McLay, Dr. Peter W. McMurrich, Aylmer.. 364 McLelan, Hon. A. W., M.P., Londonderry. 722 McMahon, John Arthur, Kingston 594 McMaster, Hon. William, Toronto 464 McMillan, Hon. Donald,'Senator, Alexandria 137 McMillan, Hugh, Detroit 737 McMillan, Hugh, M.P., Rigaud 158 McMillan, James, Detroit 666 McMillan, John, Toronto 209 McMurrich,William Barclay, M.A., Toronto 611 McRae, William Ross, Kingston 527 Meacham, James H., Belleville .... 553 Medcalf, Alfred, Toronto 124 Melville, Thomas R., Prescott '801 Mercer Sheriff John, Chatham 474 Mercier,} Hon. Honore, M.P.P., Montreal... 709 Meredith, William Ralph, M.P.P., London.. 598 Merkley, Henry G.,Morrisburg 7701 Merner, Samuel,' New Hamburg 418 INDEX. XIII Page. Merrill, William, Norwich 382 Metcalf, James Henry, Kingston 626 Miall, Edward, Ottawa 446 Middleton, Major-Gen., Sir Fred. D., Ottawa 490 Millar, Alexander, Berlin 514 Miller, Hon. William, Senator, Halifax .... 565 Miller, John Stewart, Centreville 465 Miller, Judge William, Galt 405 Millett, James Elliott, Toronto 256 Millichamp, Wallace, Toronto 798 Mills, George Hamilton, Hamilton. 91 Mills, Hon. David, M.P., Palmyra 622 Mills, James, M.A., Guelph 594 Milner, Thomas, Brampton 719 Minness, James, Kingston 747 Mitchell, Thomas, Hamilton 684 Montcalm, Marquis of 93 Montezambert, Lieut -Col. Chas. E., Quebec 797 Montgomery, Hon. D., Park Corner,P.E.I.. 673 Moodie, Mrs. Susanna 17 Moodie, Robert Baldwin, Toronto 177 Moore, Dr. Vincent Howard, Brockville.... 635 Moore, James Douglas, St. Mary's 401 Moore, John T., Toronto 475 Moore, Major Alex. Huggins, Hamilton 332 Morden Amzi Lewis, Napanee 390 Morden, Wellington Jeffers, Hamilton 581 Morgan, Henry James, Ottawa Ill Morgan, Wm., M.P.P.,Walsingham, Centre 770 Morgan, William Sidney, Hamilton 783 Morin, Lieut.-Colonel J., M.P.P., Ridgeway 757 Morrice, David, Montreal 325 Morris, Hon. Alexander, M.P.P., Toronto... 536 Moss, Charles, Q.C., Toronto ... 386 Moss, Chief Justice Thomas 440 Mowat, Hon. Oliver, M.P.P,, Toronto 27 Mowat, Rev. Prof. John B., D.D., Kingston 535 Mowat, William, Stratford 331 Mountcastle, Clara H., Clinton 414 Moylan, James George, Ottawa 239 Muir, John, M.A., Hamilton 101 Muir, Thomas McComb, London 355 Muir, William Ker, Detroit 714 Mulholland, Robert, M.P.P., Cobourg... ... 802 Mulloch, Donald McGregor, Clinton 337 Mulock, William, M.P., Toronto 519 Murphy, Dr. Henry Joseph, Chatham 461 Murphy, Dr. John Bernard, Belleville 560 Murphy, Edward, Montreal 764 Murphy, Dr. Timothy Douglas, Hamilton... 234 Murray, Adam, London 799 Murray, Rev. James Alister, London 754 Murray, Thomas, M.P.P., Pembroke 761 Musson, George, Toronto .. 199 Mylius, Dr. George Rudolph, Berlin 224 Page. N Nairn, Alexander, Toronto 173 Nelson, H. A., Montreal 762 Nelson, Hon. Hugh, Senator, Burrard Inlet.. 687 Nicholson, Henry Albert, London 504 Niven, Dr. James S., London 579 Nordheimer, Samuel, Toronto 663 O O'Brien, L. R., Toronto 551 O'Brien, Michael Edward, Prescott 621 O'Connor, Daniel, Ottawa 138 O'Gara, Martin, Ottawa 365 O'Hara, Major Walter 485 O'Reilley, Dr. Gerald, Fergus.. 718 O'Reilly, Miles, Q.C., Hamilton 770 O'Rourke, Thomas Alfred, Trenton 116 Oliver, Colonel John Ryder, Kingston 723 Oliver, John Duggan, Toronto 96 Orr, William H., Toronto 79 Orton, Dr. George Turner, M.P., Winnipeg. 766 Osgoode, Hon. Chief Justice 100 Oswald, Lieut.-Col. Wm. Robert, Montreal.. 710 Owen, Joseph Gardner, J.P., Streetsville.... 525 Oxley, James Macdonald, LL.B., Ottawa... 784 P Paint, Hy. N., M.P., Port Hawkesbury,N.S. 442 Panet, Lieut.-Col. Charles Eugene, Ottawa.. 358 Pardee, Hon. T. Blair, M.P.P., Sarnia 712 Parke, E. Jones, Q. C., London 592 Parker, Robert, Toronto 288 Paterson, William, M.P., Brantford 149 Patterson, Rev. Ephraim, M. A., Stratford.. 142 Pearson, Edwin Pritchard, Toronto 122 Pearson, William H., Toronto 662 Pelletier, Hon. Chas. A. Pantaleon, Quebec. 162 Pells, Thomas, Toronto \ 265 Pense, Edward J. Barker, Kingston 448 Perley, Henry Fullerton, C.E., Ottawa 125 Perry, John Ham, Whitby 612 Phelan Dr. Daniel, Kingston 537 Philip, Dr. David Leslie, Brantford 130 Phillips, Frederick, Toronto 356 Phillips, Rev. Alfred Moore, B.D., Galt .... 424 Pickup, Dr. John Wallwork, Brockville .... 672 Platt, Dr. John Milton, Picton 554 Platt, Gilbert Dorland, B.A., Picton 334 Plumb, Hon. Josiah Burr, Senator, Niagara. 367 Poirier, Hon. Pascal, Senator, Richibucto.. 228 Pollard, Dr. Stephen B., Toronto 96 Ponton, Edward George, Belleville 459 Poole, Rev. William H., LL.D., Detroit. ... 477 Porte, Captain Jonathan A., Trenton 328 Potts, Rev. John, D.D., Toronto 259 XIV INDEX. Page. Powell, Colonel Walker, Ottawa 423 Powell, Grant, Ottawa 569 Power, Patrick 249 Preston, Dr. Robert H., M.P.P., Newboro'.. 744 Prevost, Dr. Leander Coyteux, Ottawa 665 Price, Judge Cornelius Valleau Kingston... 546 Pringle, Judge Jacob Farrand, Cornwall.... 674 Q Quinn, Rev. James C., Emerson, Manitoba. 233 R Radcliffe, Hon. Colonel Thomas 436 Radcliffe, Richard, Goderich 404 Rae, Dr. Francis, Oshawa 316 Rattray, William J 310 Rayside, James, M.P.P., South Lancaster.. 669 Reade, John, Montreal 800 Reed, Joseph Benjamin, Toronto 38 Reid, Rev. William, D.D., Toronto 61 Reid, Robert, London 342 Rennie, William, Toronto 78 Rice, Rev. James Joseph, Belleville 198 Richardson, Rev. James Bunning, London.. 290 Riddell, William Henry, Waterloo 108 Riopel, Louis Joseph, M.P., Quebec 463 Ritchie, George, Belleville 470 Robertson, Alexander, M.P., Belleville 386 Robertson, Alexander, Brantford 663 Robertson, James Smith, Whitby 170 Robinson, Christopher Blackett, Tor< nt >... 280 Robinson, Hon. John Beverly, Toronto 449 Robillard, Honore, M. P.P., Ottawa 790 Robitaille, Dr. Louis, New Calisle, P.Q 289 Robitaille, Hon. Theodore, Senator, Quebec. 272 Rogers, Elias, Toronto 271 Rolston, William H., Toronto 380 Roper, John Pollard, Milton 271 Rorke, Joseph, Clarksburg 217 Rose, Daniel, Toronto 494 Rose, George Maclean, Toronto 352 Rose, Hon. Sir John, Bart., London Eng... 658 Ross, Arthur Wellington, M.P., Winnipeg.. 174 Ross, Dr. Alexander Milton, Montreal 759 Ross, Dr. James, Toronto 64 Ross, Hon. Alex. M., M.P. P., Goderich.. .. 530 Ross, Hon. George W., M.P.P., Strathroy.. 43 Ross, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas, Ottawa 211 Ross, John Jeremiah, Chatham 560 Royal, Joseph, M.P., St. Boniface 583 Rutherford, Dr. David Bel), Morrisburg.... 799 Russell, Andrew, Ottawa 300 Ruttan, Dr. Allen, Napanee.....' 513 Ryan, Hon. Thomas, Senator, Montreal .... 581 Ryan, Peter, Toronto 372 Page. Ryan, William, Chatham 607 Ryerson, Rev. Egerton, D.D 575 Rykert, John Charles, M.P., St. Catharines. 488 S Sanders, Edward Howard, Port Hope 320 Sanford, W. E., Hamilton 30 Schreiber, Collingwood, C.E., Ottawa 75 Schultz, David L., Rockwood 130 Schultz, Hon. John C., Senator, Ottawa.... 670 Score, Richard John, Toronto 379 Scott, John Russell, Napanee 695 Scott, Robert, Galt 92 Scott, William, Galt 276 Seager, Charles, Goderich 593 Seargeant, Lewis James, Montreal 751 Selwyn, Alfred R. Cecil, LL.D., Ottawa.... 356 Sewery, Henry, Barrie 532 Shanley, James, Q.C., London 784 Shanley, Walter, M.P., Montreal 617 Shannon, Lewis William. B.A., Kingston ... 448 Sharp, John, J.P., Bath 553 Sharpe, James William, Dresden 501 Shaw, Lieut. -Col. George Alex., Toronto .... 166 Sheppard, Edmund, Bowmanville 44 Sherwood, Arthur Percy, Ottawa 731 Shortiss, Thomas, Toronto 261 Sibbald, Rev. E. W., Belleville. 405 Simpson, William, Toronto 210 Sinclair, Dr. Lachlin Curry, Tilsonburg 469 Sippi, Charles Augustus, M.A., London.. .. 701 Sippi, George Buckley, London 719 Skead, Hon. James 189 Skinner, Lieut.-Col. J. Atchison, Hamilton.. 618 Sleeman, George, Guelph 102 Small, Henry Beaumont, Ottawa 42 Small, John, M.P., Toronto 439 Smart, William Lynn, Hamilton 35 Smithers, C. F., Montreal 787 Smith, Alexander, Napanee 408 Smith, Dr. Charles Merrill, Orangeville 617 Smith, George M., Aylmer, Ont 422 Smith, Hon. Donald Alexander, Montreal .. 782 Smith, Hon. Sidney, Q.C.,-Cobourg 240 Smith, James K., M.A., Galt 357 Smith, Larratt William, D.C.L., Toronto... 426 Smith, Major Albert M., London 397 Smith, Professor Goldwin, LL.D., Toronto.. 151 Smith, William John, Toronto 282 Smithson, William Henry, Ottawa 200 Smythe, Edward H., Q.C., Kingston. .... 305 Snider, Elias Weber B., M.P.P., St. Jacob's 193 Snider, William, Waterloo 165 Spiers, William, Berlin 558 Springer, Sheriff Moses, Berlin 315 INDEX. Page. Spry, Daniel, Barrie 343 Stairs, John Fitz-William, M.P., Halifax .. 155 Stanton, Dr. George, Simcoe 411 Steckel, Louis Joseph Rene, Ottawa 142 Stephenson, Rufus, M.P., Chatham, Ont.... 645 Stevenson, James, Hamilton 97 Stewart, McLeod, M.A., Ottawa 759 Stone, Thomas, Chatham, Ont 687 Strathy, Henry Hatton, Q.C., Barrie 411 Strathy, Henry Seton, Toronto 490 Street, William Purvis Rochfort, London ... 460 Strong, Hon. Samuel Henry, Judge, Ottawa. 486 Stuart, John, Hamilton 568 Sulivan, Hon. Michael, Senator, Kingston... 633 Suite, Benjamin, F.R.S.C., Ottawa 243 Sutherland, Hugh McKay, M.P., Winnipeg. 521 Sutherland, Rev. Donald George, London .. 463 Swayze, George Albert, Belleville 329 Sweatman, Right Rev. A., Bishop, Toronto. 657 Sweetland, Sheriff John, M.D., Ottawa .... 237 Swift, James, Kingston 491 Sylvester, Captain Solomon, Toronto 383 Tabaret,Very Rev. Joseph H., D D.,Ottawa 452 Tacho, Dr. Joseph Charles, Ottawa 68 Tache, Right Rev. Alex. A,, St. Boniface.... 791 Taillon, Hon. Louis Olivier, M.P.P., Quebec 531 Tait, Melbourne McTaggart, Q.C., Montreal 779 Tait, Rev. Donald, B.A., Berlin 328 Tanguay, Abbe, LL.D , Ottawa 195 Tasse, Joseph, M.P., Ottawa 484 Taylor, Cyrus Miller, Waterloo 266 Taylor, Joseph, Detroit 731 Tecumseh, Chief 131 Temple, Thomas, M.P., Frederickton 497 Thomas, Charles Lewis, Hamilton 786 Thomas. Edward George, Woodstock 261 Thomas, Francis Wolferstan, Montreal 597 Thompson, John, Tilsonburg 375 Thompson, Thomas, J.P., Toronto 804 Thomson, James, Newburgh 588 Thomson, Robert, Woodstock 492 Thornburn. John, LL.D., Ottawa 427 Tickell, George Skinner, Belleville 118 Tilley, Sir Samuel Leonard. Fredericton.... 128 Tims, Thomas Dillon, Ottawa 181 Tisdale, Lieut.-Colonel David, Q.C., Simcoe. 214 Tizard, George Langrish, Oakville 201 Todd, Alpheus, LL.D., C.B 773 Todd, A. Thornton, Toronto 268 Toller, Captain Fred., Ottawa 172 Toms, Judge Isaac Francis, Goderich 601 Townshend, Charles James, Amherst 632 Trerice, Alexander, Dresden 780 XV Page. Trow, James, M.P., Stratford 349 Turnbull, James, B.A., Clinton 252 Turner, Hon. James, Senator, Hamilton.... 311 Turner, John, Toronto 52 Tupper, Hon. Sir Charles, London, Eng.... 499 Tye, Dr. George Archer, Chatham 472 Tytler, William, B.A., Guelph 363 V Van Allen, Daniel Ross, Chatham 456 Vanasse, FabienVertefeuille.M.P., Montreal 586 Vaudreuil, Marquis de 42 Vanhorn, John F., Picton 324 Van Straubenzie,Lieut. -Col.Bowen,Montreal 777 Verral, George W., Toronto 247 Verreau, l'Abbe Hospice A.,D.L., Montreal 689 Vidal, Hon. Alexander, Senator, Sarnia .... 196 Vickers, John Joseph, Toronto 222 Vincent, Joseph Louis, Montreal 743 W Wagner, Jacob Peter, Toronto 345 Wagner, Joseph, Galt ... 144 Wagner, Very Rev. J.Theodore,Windsor,Ont. 606 Walkem, Richard Thomas, Q.C., Kingston.. 676 Walker, Lieut.-Colonel John, London 341 Waller, William Henry, Ottawa 39 Walsh, Michael, Ingersoll 251 Walsh, Right Rev. John, Bishop, London.. 296 Walsh, William Legh, Orangeville 603 Ward, Henry Alfred, Port Hope 63 Waterhouse, John, Tilsonburg 656 Watters, Rev. Bernard James, Goderich.... 205 Weatherhead, George Henry, Brockville.... 974 Webb, William, Streetsville 436 Weldon, Chas. Wesley, M.P., St John,N.B. 219 West, Richard, Toronto 236 Whelihan, Patrick, St. Mary's 263 White, Frederick, Ottawa 679 White, Hon. Thomas, M.P., Ottawa 402 White, Richard, Montreal 793 White, Solomon, M.P. P., Windsor, Ont 625 White, William, Ottawa 99 Whiteaves, Joseph Fred., F.G.S., Ottawa... 204 Whitelaw, Robert, Woodstock 267 Whiting, John Lanyon, Kingston 447 Whitney, James Pliny, Morrisburgh 725 Whyte, William, Montreal 757 Wickens, Richard, Toronto 108 Wicksteed, Gustavus W., Q.C., Ottawa.... 202 Wicksteed, Richard John, Ottawa 698 Widdifield, Dr. J. Hy., M.P.P., Newmarket 785 Wiggins, E. Stone, LL.D., Ottawa 482 Wigle, Lewis, M.P., Leamington 807 Wilkie, Daniel, M.A., Quebec 712 XVI INDEX. Page. Wilkie, Daniel Robert, Toronto 796 Wilkie, Rev., Daniel LL.D., 420 Wilkinson, James Hands, Windsor, Ont. - 690 Williams, Dr. Joseph Arthur, Ingersoll .- 293 Williams, Lt.-Col. A. Trefusis Heneage 153 Williams, Walter Scott, Napanee 647 Wilmot, Henry, M.P.P., Kingston 722 Wilmot, Samuel, Newcastle 755 Wilson, Dr. John Henry, M.P., St. Thomas.. 455 Wilson, Dr. William, Ottawa 119 Wilson, Hon. Adam, Judge, Toronto 545 Wilson, Squire Frank, Toronto 480 Wiman, Erastus, New York 339 Winchester, John, Toronto 351 Windatt, Richard, Bowmanville 76 Withrow, Rev. W. H., D.D., Toronto 135 Wolfe, General 236 Wood, John Fisher, M.P., Brockville 252 Wood, Lt.-Col. AlpheusField,M.P.P.,Madoc 758 Wood, Samuel Casey, Toronto 485 Woodcock, Ralph Alexander, Ingersoll 355 Woods, James P., Q.C., Stratford 472 Woods, John, Toronto 152 Page. Woods, Joseph 550 Woods, Michael Joseph, Toronto 95 Woods, Robert Stuart, Q.C.", Chatham 471 Woods, Samuel, M.A., Ottawa 85 Woodworth, Douglas B., M.P., Kentville... 658 Workman, Thomas H., Montreal 778 Worthington, Dr. Addison, Clinton 466 Wright, John, London 323 Wright, Joseph, Toronto 254 Wright, Lieut.-Colonel Alonzo, M.P., Hull.. 574 Wright, Rev. Joel Tombleson, St. Mary's... 378 Wright, Rev. Peter, B.D., Stratford 282 Wright Thomas Henry, Sandwich 600 Wylie, Lieut.-Colonel David, Brockville.... 542 Y Yarker, George Wheatley, Toronto 383 Youmans, Mrs., Picton 419 Young, Hon. John 67 Young, James, Ottawa 520 Young, Rev. Egerton Ryerson, Meaford.... 291 Young, Rev. Joseph, Belleville 359 Young, Samuel Squier, Trenton 59 A CYCLOPEDIA OF CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. Moodie, Mrs. Susanna, was the sixth daughter of the late Thomas Strickland, of Reydon Hall, Suffolk, England, and was born on the 6th of December, 1803. This Strickland family was certainly one of the most remarkable known in England, since the famous 14 Nest of Nightingales," five out of the six daughters having made them- selves more or less celebrated in the realm of letters. At the age of thirteen, Mrs. Su- sanna Moodie lost her father, at whose hands she had received her education. Mr. Strick- land was a man of considerable wealth, highly cultured, and much devoted to litera- ture, so he spent much of his means upon his library, and instilled into his family the same love for belles lettres that he felt him- self. Many have regretted that the excel- lent man did not live to see the fruition of his care. Susanna, it is said, began to write when in her sixteenth year, her early pro- ductions being poems, and tales for children. In 1829-30, she put out a volume entitled, "Enthusiasm, and other Poems." In the same year, during a visit to London, she met Lieutenant J. W. Dunbar Moodie, Esq., fourth son of the late James Moodie, of Melsetter, Orkney Islands, to whom she was married on the 4th of April, 1831. Lieu- tenant Moodie belonged to the 21st Fusi- liers, and was then on half pay. They left England in the following year for Canada, settling at Cobourg for a few months, thence proceeding to the Township of Hamilton, eight miles from Cobourg, where they took a farm. Here they remained a year, after which they permitted themselves, unwisely, to be pursuaded to settle in the backwoods, ten miles north of Peterborough. This region was then a perfect wilderness. There was no church, no school, no refined so- ciety, and very little cleared land near where they took up their abode. Here, struggling with all the privations belong- ing to life in the woods, they lived for eight years, in the meantime spending all their available money in the purchase of wild lands, and in the operation of the farm, an occupation for which the family, gentle bred, and unaccustomed, and unsuited to labour, were singularly unfit. When, in 1837, the rebellion broke out, Mr. Moodie, who, from his birth and military training, was a devoted loyalist, hastened away to Toronto, leaving his wife and four little children, the eldest being only in her fifth year, behind him in the bush. The summer following, he remained absent, and much of the crops were lost, because there was no help to harvest it. All this Mrs. Moodie vividly and feelingly describes in her de- lightful book, " Roughing it in the Bush." This was the first ambitious literary effort of Mrs. Moodie, and it attracted wide at- tention. The style was simple, limpid and picturesque : it was full of movement, and contained pen portraits which were true to the life of the hardships of the family's wilderness life ; of the character of the neighbours with whom she was thrown in contact, and of her alternating hopes and disappointments. When the book came out the Canadians who were pictured in it were terribly wroth, and probably it was the sex of the author that saved her from maltreat- ment. But she never once exceeded the bounds of truth in her delineations, and in- variably pictured the good traits as well as the bad ones, of the ordinary Canadian back- woods family. The book was brought out in England in 1850, but the greatest portion of its contents had already been published in the Literary Garland, Montreal. Encouraged by the success of this book, Mrs. Moodie afterwards brought out in quick succession, through her London publishers, the Messrs. Bentley, "Life in the Clearings," "Flora Lindsay," " Mark Hurdleston," " The World 18 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Before Them," " Matrimonial Speculation," and other works of a more or less fictitious character. It may be said here that after eight years of travail in the woods, Mrs. Moodie received the glad tidings that her husband had been appointed Sheriff of the County of Hastings. In a late edition of " Roughing it in the Bush," brought out by Messrs. Hunter, Rose & Co., Publishers, Toronto, Mrs. Moodie writes a preface re- counting the social, industrial, educational and moral progress of Canada, since the time of her landing. After Mr. Moodie's death at Belleville, in 1869, Mrs. Moodie made her home in Toronto with her younger son, Mr. R. B. Moodie ; but on his removal to a new residence out of town, Mrs. Moo- die remained with her daughter, Mrs. J. J. Vickers, and passed peacefully away on the afternoon of April 8th, 1885, surrounded by her children and grandchildren. Her aged sister, Mrs. Traill, was beside her at the last. Mrs. Moodie's often expressed wish to be laid beside her beloved husband at Belleville, where the happiest part of her years were spent, was carried out, and her remains were followed to their last resting- place, close to the beautiful Bay of Quinte, by a large number of dear friends. Mrs. Moodie lived to see Upper Canada develop from a rough wilderness into the proudest Province in British North America, and her sons and grandsons making their way successfully in various parts of the Domi- nion. The youngest of Mrs. Moodie's descendants are some great grandchildren, all of whom, strange to say, are residing in the great Canadian North-West, which during the best part of her life-time was a terra incognita. Baldwin, Hon. Robert, C.B. This distinguished, sincere and able advocate of liberal and responsible government in Can- ada, was born in the city of Toronto in 1804. He was the son of the Honourable William Warren Baldwin, of Summer Hill, near Corregoline, in the County of Cork, Ireland. Arriving in Canada, the family, like most immigrants of the time, had to settle themselves in the wilderness ; and the Baldwins took up a homestead in the township of Clarke, on Lake Ontario. Soon growing tired of the disadvantages of back- woods life, W. W. Baldwin removed to To- ronto, then known as York, and made his residence at Spadina. Mr. Baldwin was a medical man by profession, having taken his degree of M.D. at Edinburgh; but not having a taste for that calling, after re- moving to York, he betook himself to the law. He represented Norfolk in the Par- liament of Upper Canada, and about six months before his death, which occurred on the 8 th of January, 1844, he was called to the Legislative Council. Robert, the sub- ject of this sketch, entered the practice of law in 1825, in the well known firm of Bald- win & Son, continuing this calling through his political career till 1848, when he re- tired. He made his entry into public life by being elected as the Liberal candidate for the Upper Canada Assembly in 1829, in op- position to Mr. Small, the henchman of the Family Compact. The whole influence of the placemen was used against Mr. Bald- win, and William Lyon Mackenzie, who, with all his rashness and roughness, was right at heart, wrote ; "Our earnest wish is that the election of Mr. Baldwin may prove to the world that the Capital of Upper Canada has burst her fetters and followed the praiseworthy example of her sister city, Quebec." Imitating the liberal traditions of his worthy father, Robert Baldwin found himself in uncompromising opposition to the Sir John Colborne administration ; but his resistance was always offered with dignity, firmness, and proper restraint. Indeed had zealous Reformers like Lyon Mackenzie adopted the calmer and more convincing methods of Mr. Baldwin, muskets, pitch- forks, and such like expedients, would not have been necessary weapons in the battle for responsible government. The opposi- tion with which Mr. Baldwin allied himself had an existence as early as 1820, and was a formidable body ; but it had the misfortune of gathering unto itself a num- ber of honest but over-zealous partizans. It is not fair to lose sight of the fact, no matter how odious to us may seem the dominancy of the Family Compact, that the hostility toward the Tory party at that time did not consist altogether of hatred towards political oppression, but in some measure in the natural antagonism of the lower class of the people to those of the higher social scale. Of the twelve years from 1824 to 1836, the Compact Gov- ernment was in a minority for eight years in the Legislative Assembly ; and bills passed by the Assembly were persistently rejected by the Legislative Council. Here indeed was a field for a patriot, and Mr. Baldwin did not neglect the opportunity. His voice was constantly raised with dig- nified firmness in advocy of making the Executive responsible to the House of As- sembly. In 1836, he visited England to endeavour to impress upon Lord Glenelg the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 19 necessity of applying the English principle of responsibility to the Executive. Glenelg, of course, did not permit Mr. Baldwin to be admitted to his presence, he being a Colon- ist, and not a Crown tool; but he allowed him to address him in writing. Mr. Baldwin's claim for Executive responsibility, his ' ' one idea," as the Tories jeeringly called it, found a powerful advocate in Lord Durham ; and it may be said that the publication of the Earl's report was the doom-sound of the oligarchical system. Yet responsibility did not come for many a weary year after this. Lord Metcalf, after the resignation of the Baldwin-Lafontaine Cabinet in November, was nine months without a Ministry. He had declared that he would only consult his advisers on " adequate occasions." Mr. Baldwin was first sworn in an Executive Councillor, on Feb. 18th, 1836 ; and in 1840 he became Solicitor-General in Mr. Draper's Cabinet. In 1842, he became Premier and Attorney-General for Upper Canada, in the Baldwin-Lafontaine Administration, and this position he maintained till his rupture with Metcalfe the following year. He resumed office again in 1848, the date of the virtual downfall of the Tory fabric. In 1851, he quitted ministerial life for ever. His death took place at his residence, Spa- dina, near Toronto, on the 9th of Decem- ber, 1858. Mr. Baldwin married a sister of the Hon. Robert Sullivan, who bore him several children. Robert Baldwin was a moderate Reformer, capable of progress to a certain limit, but incapable of it beyond that point. The vital principle of govern- ment, however, that of giving the governing power into the hands of a majority of the people, he devoted his life to advocate, and this, in the eyes of history, makes amends for his attitude towards the question of the Clergy Reserves. He was not a fluent speaker, but he was a convincing one, and although he never flattered, and had not the gift of geniality and bonhomie, all who knew him in private life or politically were one in regarding him as a sincere patriot, and a worthy high-minded man. Blake, The Hon. Edward, Q.C., eldest son of William Hume Blake, was born at Bear Creek, now known respectively as Cairngorm, Katesville and Mount Hope, in the County of Middlesex, Upper Canada, on the 13th of October, 1833. He was christened Dominick Edward, after his paternal grand- father, but the first part of the name was never practically adopted. When Edward was only a few months old, his father, tired of the privations and hardships incident to a life in the backwoods, removed to Toronto, which was thereafter to be the dwelling- place of the gifted and high-minded Liberal statesman. When a very young lad, Ed- ward Blake is said to have given evidence of the great mental powers that he was af- terwards to bring to the service of his country. He was a rapid and omnivorous reader, and is said to have had unusual ca- pacity for assimilation, and also an excel- lent memory. The family lived at Wood- lawn, a tasteful and comfortable residence on Yonge Street, and there Edward Blake received his early education. He was instructed by a private tutor ; and this was supplemented by the supervision of his classical studies by his excellent father. On Sunday evenings it was the wont of William Hume Blake to cause his sons to read aloud to him from the Scriptures and the sacred poets ; and in this way Edward, at an early age, acquired the clearness and accuracy in delivery which are so prominent now in his public speaking. Mr. Courtenay was Ed- ward's first tutor, and this instructor was succeeded by Messrs. Wedd & Brown, who afterwards became teachers in Upper Canada College. The latter institution he entered in his eleventh year, and at this time it is said he had read and digested a number of books. Among his classmates he did not stand conspicuously superior, but his men- tal parts were solid, and of that class which watchful masters say will endure. To get his lesson was a slight effort ; so extraor- dinary was his memory that he could an- nounce early in the evening that his tasks were completed, and he was prepared to read aloud. After some time, as the busi- ness of Edward's father increased, the family moved into the city, taking up their abode in the house on the south of Wel- lington and Bay Streets, and on the site occupied now by Messrs. Wyld, Brock & Co. When Edward was in his fourteenth year, he accompanied his father to the mother country, after which they visited Paris. After his return Master Blake again applied himself diligently to his studies, and was a successful competitor for the Governor-General's prize, for which he was complimented by Lord Elgin. He subse- quently entered the Toronto University and duly graduated. His inclination being for the legal profession, he was articled to Mr. Alexander Macdonnell ; was admitted as an Attorney in Trinity Term, 1856, and the following Michaelmas Term was called to the bar. He carried on business for some time alone, and then entered into 20 A CYCLOPEDIA OF partnership with Mr. Stephen Maule Jarvis, the firm being known as that of " Jarvis & Blake." This partnership was subsequently dissolved, when a new firm was established comprising Edward and his brother Samuel Hume Blake. Thereafter the name of the firm many times changed. In 1858, he mar- ried Miss Margaret Cronyn, of London, a daughter of the late Right Reverend Ben- jamin Cronyn, Bishop of Huron. An unac- countable lack of self-confidence led him, even when his talent had made him conspi- cuous, to often distrust himself, and it is said that during the early years of his prac- tice he did not hold his own brjefs. After a severe struggle with himself, and hard study, he outgrew this fault, and became in time one of the most able lawyers at the bar. Es- pecially was he expert in cross-examination. Ever since 1867, the Reform party, which had been in a state of disorganization, and comparative lassitude, recognised what a gain it would be to add a man of Edward Blake's great ability and high character to its ranks. So many overtures were made to him, and, after much earnest solicitation, he reluctantly consented to their request. Mr. Edward Blake was elected to the House of Commons for West Durham, the same con- stituency which he represents at this day ; and the electors of South Bruce chose him for the local legislature, dual represen- tation being then permitted. In December, 1869, he became leader of the Provincial Opposition, succeeding Mr. Archibald Mc- Kellar. He retained the leadership of the Opposition for eighteen months. In the Ontario elections of 1871, John Sandfield Macdonald's Coalition Government lost many of its supporters. On the assembling of the Legislature Mr. Mackenzie moved a a direct want of confidence in the Ministry, and Mr. Blake supported the motion in a magnificent speech. The Ministry was over- thrown, and Mr. Blake called on to form a government, a task which he accepted much against his inclination. He took the office of President of the Council without a salary. Shortly after the prorogation of Parliament, the condition of his health made it neces- sary for him to go to Europe. In the au- tumn he resigned the leadership to take his seat in the House of Commons, dual representation having been abolished. He very readily made his great abilities felt in the latter body ; and his speech in reply to Sir John Macdonald on the occasion of the Pacific Scandal was the most powerful utter- ance that had ever been heard in that House. On the downfall of Sir John Macdonald's administration Mr. Blake entered Mr. Mac- kenzie's Cabinet without portfolio, but re- signed on the following February, in conse- quence of ill-health. In 1875, he accepted office again as Minister of Justice, his health being improved by a visit to England. In June, 1877, he resigned the ministership of Justice and became President of the Council. Shortly after the downfall of the administration he was chosen leader of the Opposition in place of Mr. Mackenzie. Mr. Blake has been instrumental in the creation of several valuable acts of legislation. He advocates some change in our relations with the mother country ; and, as far as can be ascertained, the change he proposes is the adoption of something in the nature of a federation of the empire. He advocates the reconstruction of the Senate in such a manner as to bring it more in harmony with popular institutions, and has made a speech powerful in argument and irresis- tible in logic, showing that Canada should have the right to make her own Commer- cial treaties. Mr. Blake's public character is above reproach, and his entire career has been an honour to Canadian politics. He has sickened of the ways of party, and is often pained at being held responsible for the utterances of irresponsible followers. He has frequently contemplated resigning the leadership of the Liberal party, declar- ing that expediency, not conviction, is some- times hardly less the rule among his sup- porters than among their opponents. He is charged with being repellent in manner, but the truth seems to be that he is above flattery and the arts and tricks by which men of less honour and principle would maintain an ascendancy over their fol- lowers. Mr. Blake sometimes propounds schemes that are impracticable ; he is fre- quently timid when the time arrives for decision and courage, yet for all this he is in all the higher qualities, the ablest, but not the most succcessful statesman in Can- ada. In this age when our people are party blind, and to a large extent demoralized by the corruption of politicians, a high- minded and honourable man like Edward Blake, is sure not to get the recognition that he deserves. But the force of his example, and the wisdom of his precepts cannot fail to leave their impression on our young generation, and eventually to bear their fruit. It may not be out of place to add that he was defeated in South Bruce in 1878, but was the following year elected by acclamation for Durham, his present constituency. CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH F. 21 Dymond, Alfred Hutchinson, was born at Croydon, County of Surrey, Eng- land, August 21, 1827. He was educated at the Public School of the Society of Friends at that place, of which institution his father, Mr. Henry Dymond, -was for some time the Superintendent. He was engaged in early life in mercantile pursuits, but devoted himself chiefly, from the time of attaining manhood till thirty years of age, to advocating the abolition of capital punish- ment, lecturing in behalf of that movement in all parts of England, and exerting himself frequently with success in behalf of persons under sentence of death, where the justice of the conviction was open to doubt, or where ameliorating circumstances appeared to justify clemency. Many of his experi- ences while so engaged were related in a book published by him in 1865, entitled, The Law on its Trial, not a few of the inci- dents recorded being of thrilling interest. He was also the author of numerous pam- phlets and brochures on the same question, and all of these productions showed careful research, and fresh vigorous thought. In 1857 he received an appointment on the staff of the Morning Star newspaper, then recently established in London as the representative of advanced Liberal principles, and of which Mr. Cobden, Mr. Bright, and other Liberal political leaders, w'ere active promoters. He became ultimately general manager of the Star, and continued to hold that position un- til its amalgamation, in 1869, with the Lon- don Daily News. During his connection with the Star, he had fur his colleagues or asso- ciates, among others, Justin McCarthy, now M. P. for Longford, the well-known histo- rian and novelist ; Sir John Gorrie, now Chief Justice of the Leeward Islands ; Ed- ward Russell, Editor of the Liverpool Daily Post; Charles A. Cooper, Editor of the Edinburgh Scotsman, the late Dr. Faucher, afterwards a prominent member of the Ger- man parliament; Frederick W. Chesson. so often heard of as the Secretary of the Abo- rigines' Protection Society ; William Black, the novelist; and Archibald Forbes, the fa- mous War Correspondent. The two last- named gentlemen received their first com- missions on the London press from Mr. Dymond's hands. In October, 1869, he re- moved with his family, to Toronto, and joined the staff of the Toronto Globe. During the nine years of his connection with that paper he wrote a large portion of its politi- cal leading articles. Shortly after settl- ing in Toronto he commenced to take an active part in political affairs, particularly during the Ontario elections of 1871, and the Dominion elections of 1872. At the general election of January, 1874, follow- ing on the downfall of the Macdonald Go- ternment, after the Pacific Scandal disclo- sures, Mr. Dymond was elected after a con- test, by a majority of 338, for the North Riding of the County of York, his opponent being Mr. Wm. Thorne, the Warden of the County. He represented North York during the succeeding five sessions, giving a warm support to the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie's administration, and taking a very active part both in debates and the work of com- mittees. At the general election in Septem- ber, 1878, he was again, on the unanimous invitation of the Liberal party in the Rid- ing, a candidate for North York, but under the adverse influences of the so-called Na- tional Policy reaction, was defeated by a majority of ten votes. He took a very active part in connection with the local elec- tions of 1879, in editing the literature of the campaign, and addressing public meet- ings. He acted on several occasions as a commissioner in municipal investigations, under appointments from the Provincial Government. In 1880, he was appointed the executive officer and a member of the Onta- rio Agricultural Commission, the results of which appeared during the session of 1881, in the shape of five bulky volumes, including the Report and its Appendices, the compila- tion of the Report,and arrangement and revi- sion of the whole mass of evidence being ac- complished by Mr. Dymond in less than three months. In April, 1881, he was appointed by the Ontario Government, Principal of the Institution for the Education of the Blind at Brantford, which position he still holds. While in England Mr. Dymond was identi- fied with efforts for parliamentary reform, the extension of the suffrage, and the repeal of all impediments to free and cheap litera- ture. He was also a most enthusiastic sup- porter of the Northern cause during the American Civil War. While a member of the Canadian Parliament, he carried through a bill to enable persons charged with com- mon assault to give evidence in their own behalf, the first measure embodying such a principle in Canadian criminal legislation. During the Dunkin Act agitation in Toron- to, he was Vice-President of the association to promote the adoption of the Act, and presided at most of the large open-air gath- erings held in the Amphitheatre on Yonge Street, in favour of the Act. Mr. Dymond, while in Parliament, assisted materially in the adoption of the present Temperance Act, 22 A CYCLOPEDIA OF popularly known as the Scott Act. He has always advocated the principles of Free Trade, so far as they may be found compati- ble with revenue necessities. He took, when in Parliament, a liberal view of the Pacific Railway policy, as necessary to the wants, and exigencies of the Dominion, while op- posed to undue haste in its construction, or to any arrangements calculated to retard the free settlement of the North-West. He has always advocated the broadest exten- sion of Provincial rights as opposed to Fed- eral centralization. He has been since early life a member of the Anglican Church, and has of late years taken an active part in the affairs of that Church, both locally and as a member of the Diocesan Synod of Huron, to which Brantford belongs. He married, in 1852, Miss Helen Susannah Henderson, of London, England, and has a large family of sons and daughters. As a writer upon political topics, Mr. Dymond occupies a pro- minent position. As a parliamentarian, he was industrious, vigorous, and always effec- tive. His absence from Parliament now is a serious loss to his party and to the country. Cartier, Sir (Jeorge E.-Some of those who are authorities on genealogy, de- clare him to be a descendant of Jacques Car- tier or Quartier who first discovered Canada. The discoverer, it is ascertained, left no issue in Canada, but he had some nephews who were in the habit of going backwards and for- wards between Canada and France who did, and one of these is fixed upon as the ancestor of the subject of this sketch. George Etienne Cartier was born on the 6th of September, 1814, at St. Antoine, on the Chambly river, in Vercheres, province of Quebec. Here re- sided the various members of the Cartier fam- ily, since the date on which he first took up his abode there ; and the grandfather of Geo. Etienne was one of the first parliamentary representatives of the County of Vercheres. Under the Constitutional Act of 1791, it may be noted this county was called Surrey. M. Cartier was educated at St. Sulpice College, Montreal, going through a collegiate course of eight years. Leaving College, he was ar- ticled as a student-at-law in the office of M. E.E. Rodier, a leading advocate at the Mon- treal bar. In 1835 he commenced the prac- tice of the law, and chose Montreal as the theatre of his career. By the indomitable force of character which so contributed to his subsequent political prominence, he soon succeeded in forcing his way into the front rank of the legal confraternity and in estab- lishing for himself a lucrative practice. He had associated with him in partnership J. A. Berthelot and M. Dummerville. While M. Cartier was a law student there were mutterings of discontent abroad ; for this was the time when the Family Compact was dominant. In Lower Canada the heel of this pampered clique was most felt, for, in addition to the French being colon- ists, they were also an alien and conquer- ed race ; and the dull-witted gentlemen in the Colonial office regarded it as part of the moral duty of their officials to keep these people in restraint. There was a nominal re- presentation in the House of Assembly, but the Legislative Council was the stronghold of the Family. Between these two bodies there was incessant strife, but in the contest the Assembly was always driven to the wall. This was the condition of affairs that pro- duced the fiery, rash but patriotic and high- minded Papineau. It is needless to say that the French Canadians almost to a man sup- ported M. Papineau ; and among the ad- herents was found the energetic and per- sistent barrister of Montreal, M. Cartier. But M. Cartier had much prudence and foresight, and refused to follow Papineau after the fiasco of 1837. Indeed in later years, after the exiled leader of the rebellion returned to his native land, he found in George Etienne Cartier an over-mastering rival. M. Cartier was first elected to par- liament for the County of Vercheres in 1848 ; and this constituency he continued to represent till 1861 when he defeated M. Dorion, the Goliath of the Rouges in Mon- treal. On the 25th of January, 1856, he became provincial secretary in the MacNab- Tache Ministry ; on the 24th of May in the same year he succeeded Mr. Drummond as Attorney-General for Lower Canada on the formation of the Tachd-Macdonald admin- istration. On the 6th of August, 1858, the wheel went round, M.Tache disappeared, and there was ushered in the Cartier-Macdonald Government. M. Cartier's political career was a very useful one, and he is looked upon, and perhaps deservedly, by the French Can- adian people as the greatest statesman that the French Province has produced. He was instrumental in the abolition of seign- orial tenure ; helped to produce the leg- islation making the Legislative Council elec- tive ; aided in the secularization of the Clergy Reserves, and in bringing about Confeder- ation, besides several other important measures. Shortly after Confederation Her Majesty the Queen created him a baronet. He took an active part in the Pacific Railway project, and died in England just as the scandal in connection with that undertaking CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 23 was coming into light. M. Cartier was a hard and fast partyist, but a devoted friend of his race. The great secret of his success was his strong ambition, and his almost phenomenal perseverance and energy. In private life his name was always above re- proach, and in his public capacity, although as stated a conspicuous type of a partyist, very little of definite reproach clings about his name. Indeed some of his admirers, and those whose statements are entitled to regard, aver that the great statesman made a practice of sacrificing his private interests to those of the public. As a speaker he was sometimes regarded tiresome, but it would be more correct to say that he was exhaustive. It was customary with those who heard him making speeches to say, after he had sat down, that nothing more remained to be said. Every point of value was brought into light, every argument of weight was skilfully marshalled and made to bear in the direction of the speaker's con- tentions. He had the gift too, of being master of both English and French, an ac- complishment necessary in a prominent Canadian statesman. The English statesman ought to know the French language if he would be in a position to judge fairly and understand correctly when discussion arises on the floor of the House. Now, Sir Hector Langevin is master of an incisive and most telling English, besides being one of the ablest speakers of his own language in Canada. M. Chapleau is also a very good speaker in English, besides possessing much oratorical power in his native tongue. As a statesman, it need not be repeated, M. Cartier was perhaps the most successful that has ever appeared in the French prov- ince. He was on the scenes during a period when there was bitter rivalry between the French and English races ; and how him- self and that most astute Englishman Sir John could ever work during all this time in the same traces, is a marvel to every- body. Some do say that Mr. Macdonald's policy was one of yielding to his rival till the hour came that put the chaplet upon his own brows. Once in the House,-in 1858, upon the resignation of the Ministry -the Honourable Isaac Buchanan summed up the character of M. Cartier in the follow- ing lines from Horace's magnificent ode :- " Jus turn et tenacem propositi virum Non civium ardor prava jubentium, Non vultus instantis tyranni Mente quatit solida, neque Auster Dux inquieti turbidus Adriae, Nec fulminantis magna Jovis manus : Si fractus illabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinae." Brymner, Douglas. Historical Archi- vist of the Dominion, was born in Greenock, Scotland, in the year 1823. He is the fourth son of Alexander Brymner, banker, origi- nally from Stirling, where the family held for many years, a prominent position. The elder Brymner was a man of fine intellec- tual attainments, an enthusiast in letters, and refined in his tastes and feelings. He had great influence over his children, and took every opportunity to instil into their minds a hearty love for literature in all its branches. They had the additional advan- tage of frequent intercourse with living men of letters, and their acquaintance with the writings of the most eminent and esteem- ed authors of the time soon became exten- sive. The mother of Douglas Brymner was Elizabeth Fairlie, daughter of John Fairlie, merchant in Greenock, who died at an early age, leaving his widow and family in com- fortable circumstances. The subject of our sketch was educated at the Greenock Gram- mar school, where, under the skilful tuition of Dr. Brown, he mastered the classics and higher branches of study. After leaving school, Mr. Brymner received a thorough mercantile training. He began business on his own account, and subsequently admit- ted his brother Graham as partner, on the return of the latter from the West Indies, where he had been engaged for some years. The brothers were highly successful, the younger filling, in later years, several im- portant offices, such as justice of the peace for the County of Renfrew, and chairman of the Sanitary Commission for his native town. He died in 1882, from typhus fever, contracted in the discharge of his duties as chairman, universally regretted by all. In 1853, Mr. Brymner married Jean Thomson (who died in 1884), daughter of William Thomson, of Hill End, by whom he had nine children, six of whom survived. The eldest of these is William, a rising artist of an excellent school, who has studied for several years in the best studios of Paris, and whose recent exhibits have received general praise. The second son, George Douglas, is one of the accountants in the Bank of Montreal, and James, the third son, is in the North-West. Two daughters and a son are at home. In consequence of ill health, induced by close application to business, Mr. Brymner was compelled to retire from the partnership in 1856. Com- plete withdrawal from mercantile cares for 24 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF a year having restored him to something like his former self, he removed to Canada in 1857, and settled in Melbourne, one of the Eastern Townships. Here he filled the office of mayor for two terms with conspicu- ous ability. On both occasions he had been elected without a contest, and without hav- ing solicited a single vote from any one, his belief being that an office of this sort ought to be conferred by the unasked suffrage of the constituency. He declined to serve for a third term, although earnestly requested to do so. While mayor, he introduced vari- ous improvements in the mode of conduct- ing municipal business. Like many other immigrants possessing capital, he found his means vanishing before the financial crisis of 1857. Mr. Brymner drifted into what seemed to be his natural calling-literature, for which his early training and continuous study well qualified him. On the accept- ance by Dr. Snodgrass of the office of Prin- cipal of Queen's College, the post of Editor of the Presbyterian, the official journal of the Church of Scotland in Canada, became vacant. It was offered to Mr. Brymner, his fitness for the position having been recog- nized by the leaders of the church, he hav- ing been an active member of the Church Courts as a representative elder, and his numerous contributions to the discussion of important religious topics being esteemed and valuable. Under his guidance, the edi- torials being written in a straightforward, independent spirit, the paper at once took a high place. Many of Mr. Brymner's arti- cles on ecclesiastical questions were in par- ticular much admired, and leading religious journals often made lengthly quotations from them. About the same time he joined the staff of the Montr eal Herald, where in a little he was appointed associate editor with the Hon. Edward Goff Penny. Often, owing to the severe indisposition of Mr. Penny, Mr. Brymner had sole editorial charge of the Herald. He was noted as one of the most efficient and hard-working members of the Press Gallery at Ottawa, and in 1871, the Presidency of the Press Association de- volved upon him. A year later, in 1872, it having been resolved to establish a new branch of the Civil Service, namely, the collection of the historical records of the Dominion and its Provinces, Mr. Brymner, with the approval of men of all political shades, received the appointment. Before leaving Montreal for Ottawa, an address, signed by leading men in the professions, in business, and of the different nationalities, was presented to Mr. Brymner, accompa- nied by a munificent testimonial. No bet- ter selection could have been made for the office of Archivist than that of Mr. Brym- ner. He had peculiar fitness for the task imposed on him. His extensive historical knowledge, unwearied industry, patience, and love for research, his power of organiz- ing and arranging materials for reference, etc., wers all admirable qualifications, and these he possessed to a remarkable degree. His reports are models, and present in clear and terse language the results of his labours. The story of the origin of the office, and the important part played in its construction by Mr. Brymner, will be found in the Archi- vist's report for 1883. In 1881, the Public Record Office (London) authorities repub- lished the whole of Mr. Brymner's report as part of their own, owing, as the Keeper of Records, Sir William Hardy, said to the importance of the information it contained. Every year since then, copious extracts have been made from Mr. Brymner's reports. Perhaps it will not be out of place to insert here the following excerpt from the preface to the admirably annotated publication of " Hadden's Journal and Orderly Books," by General Horatio Rogers, who says :- " I cannot refrain from referring to the un- wearied zeal and unfailing courtesy of Mr. Douglas Brymner, the Archivist of the Do- minion of Canada, in affording me the fullest and most satisfactory use of the Haldimand papers and the other manu- scripts confided to his charge. Would that all public officials in custody of valuable manuscripts might take a lesson from him ! " Mr. Brymner is an adherent of the Church of Scotland, to which he has always belong- ed, and he has been one of the most formid- able opponents of union. His evidence before the Senate Committee, on the 24th and 26th of April, 1882, which is substan- tially the argument of the non-contents on the union question, was presented with great power and skill. It can be found in a pamphlet 6f over forty pages, published by Hunter, Rose & Co., Toronto, 1883. The greater part of his literary work is anonymous. He possesses a fund of caus- tic humour, some of which found vent in his letters in Scotch, under the name of Tummas Treddles, an octogenarian Paisley weaver, originally contributions on curling to the Montreal Herald, but afterwards ex- tended to other subjects in the Scottish American Journal. These have ceased for some years, doubtless from the pressure of other and more serious occupations. His translations of the Odes of Horace into CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 25 Scotch verse were happy Imitations. A favourable specimen " The Charms of Coun- try Life," is in the Canadian Monthly of 1879, the others having appeared in news- papers, and, so far as is known, have never been collected. He is another illustration of the fallacy of Sydney Smith's statement, that it requires a surgical operation to get a joke into a Scotchman's head. .Brant, Joseph, whose Indian name was Tyendinaga, was born in the year 1742. Some historians declare that he was a full-blooded Mohawk, others that he was only a half-breed, his father being Sir Wil- liam Johnson, his mother a handsome girl of the Mohawk tribe. The weight of testimony, however, points to his being a son of one of the four sachems who visited London in the reign of Anne, and who were made the sub- ject of papers by Addison in the Spectator and Steele in the Tattler. On the death of Joseph's father he married an Indian whose name was Barnet, whence came the surname Brant. It was through Sir William John- son, however, that Brant received his early education, and the knowledge, which he afterward used to such purpose, of military affairs. Johnson had for many years, during his career as English Colonial agent for In- dian affairs, been intimate with the Brant family ; and Molly, Joseph's sister, who was for a long time his mistress, was married to him shortly before his death. In 1755 took place on Lake George the memorable battle between the English and French Colo- nial forces. The tribes had taken sides, and fought each other desperately. Johnson was in command, and under his wing, fought with the bravery of a hero little Joseph Brant, then only in his thirteenth year. After the close of this campaign Brant fol- lowed his guardian through many campaigns till the close of the French war. Then he was placed at the Moor Charity School, Lebanon, Connecticut, where he received the founda- tion of a sound English education. In 17G3 he married the daughter of an Oneida chief, and subsequently settled down to a peaceful life at Canajoharie Castle, in the Mohawk Valley. Here he devoted himself to im- proving the social and intellectual condition, and to aiding the missionaries in their la- bours. In 1774 Sir William Johnson died, and his successor appointed Brant as his private secretary. About this time the tax oppressions of the Mother Country had spurred the colonists on to the verge of re- bellion. Strong efforts were made by the revolutionists to secure the alliance of the Six Nations, with whom Brant had a poten- tial influence ; but true to his pledge that he would "sink or swim with the English," he rejected all overtures peremptorily. So when the war broke out and Colonel Guy Johnson fled coastward to escape capture by the Americans, Brant, followed by the prin- cipal warriors of the Six Nations, accom- panied him. The Six Nations then formed themselves into a confederacy, accepted Royal commissions, and thereafter, till the close, were found fighting on the side of King George. Of this confederacy Brant was ap- pointed principal War Chief, with the mili- tary title of Captain. He is described then as possessing in point of stature and sym- metry of person the advantage of most men seen among his own well-formed race-tallr erect, and majestic, with the air and mien of one born to command, having been a man of war from his boyhood, his name was a tower of strength among the warriors of the wilderness. Still more extensive was his influence rendered by the circumstance that he had been much employed in the civil service of the Indian department, under Sir William Johnson, by whom he was often de- puted upon embassies among the tribes of the confederacy, and to those yet more dis- tant, upon the great lakes and rivers of the North-West, by reason of which his know- ledge of the whole country and the people was accurate and extensive. In 1775 he went to England to consult with the impe- rial officers. The fashionable West-end threw its doors wide open to him, and he was received warmly into the bosom of so- ciety. The outcome of his visit was a closer riveting of the links that bound him to impe- rial interests. He was landed in New York State and, exposed to great peril, made his way to Canada, where, promptly placing himself at the head of his followers, he fought the battle of " The Cedars," forty miles above Montreal. The Americans were badly beaten, and after their surrender Brant was tried to his utmost to keep his blood-drunken braves from wreaking terri- ble tortures upon the captives. " From East to West, wherever bullets were thick- est," says one writer, "his glittering toma- hawk might be seen in the van, while his terrific war whoop resounded above the din of strife." His name has been associated with the massacre of Wyoming, and histo- rians, essayists and poetshave regarded him as a terrible fiend, reeking in gore ; but the truth is that he was not in command on this terrible occasion, and that wherever his in- fluence had effect it was used in the direction of humanity and mercy. By the treaty of 26 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 1782 the ancient territory of the Six Nations was ceded to the United States, but the tribes refused to be transferred with their lands, preferring attachment to the British Crown. A tract of land was consequently set apart for the tribes on Grand River (the •Ouse), and upon this territory he busied himself settling his people on his return from England. The settlement known as Mohawk Village was situated near the bend of the river, and immediately below what is now Brantford. The declining years of his life were made bitter by dissensions among the tribes ; and in self-defence he slew a worthless son. His last years were passed in his house at 'Wellington Square, now Burlington, a few miles from Hamilton. " He exercised," says a writer, " a profuse and right royal hospitality alike towards the whites and Indian warriors who gathered round him. On the first of May in each year he used to ride up in his coach t and-four to Mohawk Village, to attend the annual Indian Festival which was held there. On these occasions he was usually attended by a numerous retinue of servants in livery, and their procession used to strike awe into the minds of the denizens of the settlements through which they passed." He died on the 24th November, 1807, being then in his sixty-fifth year. His last words were, "Have pity on the poor Indians ; if you can get any influence with the great, endeavour to do them all the good you can." Henderson, Alex. Allan, M.D., •Ottawa, was born in Dunblane, Scotland, on April 14, 1845. His father was Rev. Alex. Henderson, and his mother's maiden name was Margaret Eadie. His father was for twenty years in charge of the United Presbyterian Church in Dunblane, Scotland. He came with his family to Canada in 1849. After his arrival he, in the course of his ministerial tour, visited the village of Fitz- roy Harbour, on the Ottawa river. Being a lover of nature, he was so impressed with the romantic scenery of that locality, abounding, as it did and still does, with waterfall, lake, and woodland, together with fertile and. well cultivated land, that he accepted the charge of the Presbyterian congregation there. Although often re- quested to accept larger and more lucrative charges, for which he was well qualified by his more than ordinary ability, he declined, and remained in the place of his choice till his death. Our subject received his early education chiefly under his father's care. A careful attention to classics was given in the lad's education, in addition to a general education. He subsequently entered Mc- Gill University, Montreal, and graduated in medicine, with honours, in 1870. In McGill he was awarded the Holmes Gold Medal, the Primary Prize, and also a Special Prize sent from London, England, by Sir Duncan Gibb to McGill College for competitive examination in Clinical Surgery. After leaving college, young Henderson spent some time travelling through Canada and the United States, visiting friends and trying to select a satisfactory place for prac- ticing his profession. Finally, at the re- quest of friends in Ottawa, he selected that city for his home, and opened an office on Duke Street. A large practice was soon established here. In 1880 he removed from Duke Street to "Sparks Place," on Albert Street, and five years afterwards removed to his own residence, which is picturesquely situated on the corner of Albert and Bay streets, where our subject now resides. Dr. Henderson originated the idea of and was the first in Canada to apply successfully the plaster-of-Paris jacket for the immediate relief and subsequent cure of spinal irrita- tion without any deformity. A description of several cases treated successfully by him in this manner was published in the Canada Lancet for March, 1881. This, so far as we are aware, was the first article published calling the attention of the profession to this mode of treating that troublesome dis- ease. The first operation performed by him in this manner, and recorded in the article referred to, took place on March 11th, 1878. Since that date he has adopted that opera- tion for every suitable case of that disease. Dr. Henderson is a member of the medical staff of the Protestant Hospital at Ottawa. He has been for many years connected with the Masonic Order, and. has taken an active part in it. He was initiated into masonry in St. Paul's Lodge, in Montreal, during his residence in that city ; and he occupied the Worshipful Master's chair of the Chaudiere Lodge of Ottawa for several years. He is also a member of the Carleton Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and held office in it. He likewise belongs to " Court Ottawa " of the Independent Order of Foresters. He is an enthusiastic traveller, and takes advan- tage of the summer holidays to visit new places each year. He has visited the chief places of interest in Canada and the United States. He has not confined his attention to the cities alone, but has examined with interest many of the more secluded parts of our country, as well as sailed with pleasure over our noble lakes and rivers. He is a CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 27 member of the Presbyterian Church, and has been a Presbyterian from youth up. He is in politics a Liberal. On October 15th, 1872, Dr. Henderson married Miss Elizabeth S. Smith, daughter of John Smith, Esq., late Writer to the Signet, of Edinburgh, Scotland. He is of a genial disposition, and enjoys the society of his friends, of which he has very manv warm ones. Mowat, lion. Oliver, of Toronto, was born at Kingston, Ontario, on the 22nd of July, 1820. His father, the late Mr. John Mowat, was a native of Canisbay, ■Caithness-shire, Scotland, who in his youth had been in the British army, and served through the Peninsular war. In 1810 Mr. John Mowat came to Canada and settled in Kingston. Shortly afterwards he was mar- ried to Miss Helen Levack, also of Caith- ness, who had come out to Canada to link her fortunes with the Peninsula soldier. The fruit of this happy union was five chil- dren, three sons and two daughters, the eld- est of whom was Oliver. He was educated under various teachers in Kingston, one of whom was the Rev. John Cruikshank, at that time held in high esteem as a teacher of youth. Among his fellow pupils were Sir John A. Macdonald, and the late Hon. John Hillyard Cameron. As soon as he had -completed his educational studies,he entered the law office of Mr. John A. Macdonald, who was then a prosperous young lawyer in Kingston. Young Mowat was brought up among a circle of tories, and naturally enough was tory in leaning till the new and better man burst the traditional shell. When the rebellion of 1837-38 broke out, and no- body could be still, every one seizing either a pitchfork or a Queen's rifle, young Mowat, with military instincts borrowed from his sire, joined the drilling royalists. Mr. Mow- at spent four years in Mr. Macdonald's office, and then removed to Toronto, where he finished his studies with Robert E. Burns, who subsequently became a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench. In 1841, he was admitted to the bar, and subsequently en- tered into partnership with Mr. Burns, the firm being known as Burns & Mowat. Mr. P. M. Vankoughnet (afterward Chancellor), subsequently joined the firm. After the re- tirement of Mr. Burns the business was con- tinued under the firm of Mowat &Vankough- net. Industrious, clear-headed, and persis- tent, Mr. Mowat soon became one of the leaders of his profession, and at the bar of the remodelled Court of Chancery, his pre- sence was always felt. Business grew upon his hands from day to day, and after a time the partnership between Mr. Vankoughnet and himself was, by mutual consent, dissolved. He subsecpiently associated with himself several legal gentlemen, and the firms were respectively known as Mowat, Ewart & Hel- liwell, and Mowat, Roaf & Davis. Having reached the top round in the legal profes- sion, and obtained the most extensive Chan- cery practice of any lawyer at the bar, he began to take a lively interest in the politi- cal questions of the day. Those who knew him as a tory boy marvelled that he had so completely sloughed his early leanings. Out and out, he was a Liberal, a reformer, though not one of the revolutionary type. He believed "in the foundation virtue of the institutions which then existed, but was con- vinced that much reformation of the same was urgently and speedily needed. So when he entered the reform ranks, those fossils who believe that a man is born to his opinions as well as to his place, said "he has deserted his colours," not that he, ever since entering man's estate, had allied him- self, or voted with the tories, but because, forsooth, his " father before him " had been a tory. That, however, was natural, it was the tory way. In 1856, he was created a Queen's Counsel, and appointed one of the commissioners to consolidate the general Statutes of Canada and Upper Canada, res- pectively. In 1857, he resigned his com- missionership, and was elected to the House of Assembly for South Ontario, de- feating Mr. Joseph Curran Morrison by nearly 800 votes. The Macdonald-Cartier administration was then in power, and Mr. Mowat found himself at issue with many of its measures. He was not then by any means a powerful or effective speaker, and has never since been noted for eloquence. He fell far, indeed, behind the impulsive, powerful, but often reckless leader of the reformers-George Brown. In the short administration of 1858, which, after four days' existence was brought to an end by means of the double shuffle, Mr. Mowat was Provincial Secretary. In 1857, he sat as aiderman for St. Lawrence Ward, Toronto, and the year following for St. James Ward, and while a civic legislator, carried a mea- sure " to provide for the better administra- tion of the affairs of the corporation," which legislation is known as ' ' Aiderman Mowat's By-law. " In 1861, besides running and being elected for South Ontario, he was prevailed onto seek the overthrow of Mr. John A. Mac- donald in Kingston, but was unsuccessful. When the Sandfield Macdonald-Dorion ad- ministration was formed in 1863, Mr. Mowat 28 A CYCLOPEDIA OF became Postmaster-General, retaining that position till the following year. In the Tache- Macdonald administration he was at the head of the Post-office Department for four months. He took part in the conference at Quebec for the preparation of the Con- federation scheme ; and in 1864, on the death of Vice-Chancellor Esten, was ap- pointed to the Chancery Bench in Upper Canada. In this position he acquitted him- self with tireless industry, with efficiency, and in such a manner as to elicit the appro- bation of litigants and the bar, for eight years. Many of the judgments which he wrote are held now in high esteem by the legal profession for their strong grasp and marked elucidation of principles ; for their clear interpretation of legal points, and their logical application of canons of law. It was a loss to the bench to be deplored that in 1872, the Vice-Chancellor re-entered poli- itical life ; but if the judiciary sustained a loss, politics decidedly gained by this step. The circumstance that led to this course was as follows ; Under the recently-adopted Act prohibiting dual representation, represen- tation in the Provincial parliament, and representation in the Dominion parliament, Messrs. Blake and Mackenzie resigned their offices in the Ontario administration for the wider and more alluring field, and Mr. Mowat was called on by the Lieutenant- Governor to foim a new administration. On the 25th of October, therefore, it was an- nounced that an administration had been formed with Oliver Mowat at the head as Attorney-General. During the years that have since elapsed, he has held the position of leader of the Government of Ontario, and continues to enjoy the confidence of a consid- erable majority of the people of his Pro- vince, who see in him an honest man, whose effort is always, even though not uniformly successful, to do that which he believes to be best for the country's interest. In 1872, Mr. Mowat was elected for North Oxford; in 1875, he was again chosen by acclamation, and was again triumphant in 1879 and 1883. At the last general election for Ontario, he was opposed by the combined forces of the opposition under Mr. Mere- dith and of the Dominion Government, but came out of the ordeal successfully, though with a diminished following. Fears were entertained by some during the following session that there would be a bolt of weak knees to the opposition, but the stars were sturdily fighting on the side of Mr. Mowat. A number of persons, with pockets full of money, obtained from no one just now knows where, had set themselves deliberately at work to purchase over to the opposition some of the Premier's followers. But the in- famous enterprise was balked by some of the members tampered with, who promptly dis- closed the plot and laid in the hands of the Speaker the money of the tempters. The result was that the public conscience be- came more strongly than ever in sympathy with Mr. Mowat, and more hostile than be- fore to the opposing party. It does not seem fair to hold a leader responsible for the evil doings of his followers ; nevertheless it can hardly be called unjust to affix some of the stain of this deep and deplorable disgrace upon the whole local Conservative party of Ontario. Space forbids us to enumerate all the measures of legislation which Mr. Oli- ver Mowat has been instrumental in calling into existence, but among the most impor- tant will be found the following : Act for the settlement of the Municipal Loan Fund Act for the Consolidation of the Municipal Law ; Act respecting the Administration of Justice; Act extending the franchise to income voters, and introducing the principle of voting by ballot; Act substitut- ing a Committee of the Executive Council for the Council of Public Instruction, and ap- pointing a Minister of Education instead of a Chief Superintendent ; Act respecting education, for the encouragement of agri- culture, horticulture, arts and manufac- tures ; Act regulating the public service in Ontario ; Act defining the powers of jus- tices of the peace ; Act establishing a fund of §200,000 in aid of the drainage operations, and to confirm the determination of the northerly and westerly boundaries of On- tario by the arbitrators, and to provide for the administration of justice therein ; Act for the revision of the Statute Law of the Province ; the Judicature Act, abolishing the distinction between law and equity and establishing a uniform mode of pleading and practice in the Courts; and a .Registration Act founded on the "Torrens'" system. In addition to these, in later years, a bureau of statistics, one of the most im- portant departments in the public service, has been established ; a board of health, which is likely to be potent for great good,, has been formed ; and a sub-department of forestry has been connected with one of the public offices. Mr. Mowat still enjoys un- impaired health, and is enthusiastic in his conviction that the "evil ones" op- posing him cannot prevail. Through all the stormy time in which he has been leader,, the periods when men put no bridle upon CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 29 their tongues, whatever may have been said against their administration, no reproach has ever been breathed against his private •character. Perhaps the event in his career of which he feels, and ought to feel, most proud, is having obtained in England, before the J udicial Committee of the Imperial Privy Council, a decision in favour of On- tario for an extensive territory long in dispute and supposed to comprise 100,000 square miles. Mr. Mowat had always maintained that this territory belonged to Ontario ; Sir John A. Macdonald took opposite grounds ; so that now, for that and other reasons, fol- lowers of the Ontario premier say that their chief has brought from England the belt for the championship on constitutional law. Hincks, Sir Francis, was born at Cork, on the 14th of December, 1807. He was a son of Dr. T. D. Hincks, a member of the Irish (Unitarian) Presbyterian Church, a very distinguished scholar and an exceedingly worthy man. Francis, the subject of the present notice, commenced his education under his father, at Fermoy, and continued it in the classical and mathematical school of the Belfast Institution, then presided over by Dr. James Thompson, afterwards professor of mathematics at the University of Glasgow. In the month of November, 1822, he entered the collegiate department of the institution, and attended the logic and belles lettres, and the Greek and Latin classes during the winter session. But, in May, 1823, he expressed a desire to be a merchant, and it was finally arranged that he should be articled for five years to the house of John Martin & Co., previously to which, however, he had three or four months' initia- tion into business habits in the office of his father's friend, Samuel Bruce, Esq., notary public and agent. The period for which he was articled terminated in October, 1828, but he continued with the firm until the be- ginning of 1830, when he sailed to the West Indies as supercargo of one of Messrs. Mar- tin & Co.'s vessels. He visited Jamaica, Barbadoes, Trinidad and Demerara, but not meeting with an inducement to settle in any of these colonies, he agreed to accom- pany a Canadian gentleman, whom he met at Barbadoes, to Canada, and proceeded to Montreal and Toronto, his object being to ascertain the nature of Canadian commerce and business. Having gleaned the informa- tion he desired, he returned to Belfast in 1831. In the following summer, having de- termined to settle in Canada, he married the second daughter of Alexander Stewart, Esq., a merchant of Belfast, and soon after sailed to New York, and proceeded to To- ronto, and took up his abode in a house belonging to Mr. Baldwin. Mr. Hincks soon obtained a high reputation for know- ledge of business, and when Mr. Mackenzie attacked Mr. Merritt and others respecting the Welland canal, and obtained a parlia- mentary investigation, he was chosen, with another merchant, to examine the accounts. He was also appointed secretary to the Mu- tual Insurance Company, and cashier to a new banking company. On the appoint- ment of Lord Durham to the government of Canada, Mr. Hincks commenced the Exami- ner newspaper, in the editorship of which he displayed such remarkable vigour and talent, that he was invited to become a candidate for the representation of the County of Ox- ford in the first parliament held after the union of the upper and lower provinces. The election was held in March, 1841, when Mr. Hincks was returned by a majority of thirty-one over his opponent, a gentleman named Carroll. Shortly after his election, he was appointed by Sir Charles Bagot In- spector-General, and was obliged, in conse- quence, to vacate his seat and return for re-election. He was opposed by John Armstrong, Esq., who abandoned the con- test at noon on the third day, Mr. Hincks having a majority of 218. When Lord Met- calfe dissolved the Canadian Parliament in 1844, Mr. Hincks was defeated, his oppon- ents being Robert Riddle, Esq., (a son-in- law of Admiral Vansittart) who was returned by a majority of twenty over Mr. Hincks, and the Hon. Thomas Parke, who did not go to the poll. In 1848, however, he was declared elected by the legislature, by the large majority of three hundred and thirty- five over his old opponent, Mr. Carroil, although the returning-officer had declared Mr. Carroll elected through some legal technicality in Mr. Hincks' qualification. Having for the second time accepted the office of Inspector-General under the admin- istration of his first friend in Canada, Mr. Baldwin, he was re-elected without opposi- tion. Upon the reconstruction of the minis- try, consequent on the retirement of Mr. Baldwin, owing to his impaired health, Mr. Hincks was, through the strong expression of public opinion, named Prime Minister by the Governor-General, and until the latter part of 1854, held that post with distinguished honour, and with the confidence and respect of all the good men of every political de- nomination in Canada. On his return to Canada, from a visit to England, he was elected to represent the south riding of Ox- 30 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ford for the fifth time, by a majority of 64 over his opponent, J. G. Vansittart, a son of Admiral Vansittart, of Woodstock, C.W., and therefore a rather formidable opponent. After the resignation of the Hincks-Dorion administration, in 1854, Mr. Hincks crossed the Atlantic for a long holiday, after the years of turmoil and corroding care which had fallen to him by virtue of his active life, and his prominent place in public affairs. During his absence, through Sir William Molesworth, he was appointed Governor of Barbadoes and the Windward Islands. At the close of the term here, he was pro- moted to the Governor-Generalship of British Guiana. In 1869, on the recommendation of the Duke of Buckingham, he was created a Knight C. M. G. In 1869 he returned to England, and thence passed over to Canada, where, on the invitation of Sir John A. Macdonald, he entered the Ministry as Finance Minister, in place of Sir John Rose, resigned. He retained his portfolio till 1873, when he resigned, and withdrew from public life. There is no public man living, it can fairly be said, whose whole career has been more creditable to himself and to the country than has been that of Sir Francis Hincks. He died at the age of seventy-eight, in the City of Montreal, on the 18th of August, 1885, deeply re- gretted by his many friends and admirers. Sir Francis was twice married. His first wife died in 1874, and the following year he married the widow of the late Hon. Justice Sullivan of Toronto. Sanford, W. E.-Among the business men of Canada who have won distinction as successful merchants, and who have by personal industry and genuine business ability succeeded in establishing great busi- ness relations and accumulating large for- tunes, no name stands more prominently before the public, or is worthy of more honourable mention than that which stands at the head of this sketch. His career has placed him in the front rank of the ' ' mer- chant princes " of the country. Success is always a relative term, and is used appro- priately only when employed to describe conditions in which effort, guided by in- telligence and skill, to a definite end, accom- plishes its aims. If this be true, then no man in Canada to-day has a stronger claim to this distinction than the subject of our sketch. His business life has been simply a series of triumphs over difficulties that would have daunted weaker natures. These victories have been won by tireless energy, unyielding perseverance, a keen foresight of events, a skilful adaptation to the tastes and necessities of the public, and the in- telligent use of definite means to a well defined purpose. The magnificent " San- ford Block " in the city of Hamilton, con- sisting of offices, warerooms, stock, show and packing rooms; the extensive business connections established in every province in the Dominion, and extending from the Pacific to the Atlantic, giving employment to over two thousand hands, and employing a capital of over $600,000, constitute a monument of which the most ambitious might be proud. Mr. W. E. Sanford was born in the city of New York in the year 1838. His father was an American by birth, and his mother English. Both parents dying while their son was a mere child, he was sent, ere he had reached his seventh year, to the Christian home of his uncle,, the late Edward Jackson, of Hamilton, On- tario, one of the leading pioneer merchants of that city, and a man of great strength of character and singular uprightness of life. Under these salutary influences, his young life was moulded, and by their inspiration were developed those elements of character that have distinguished his business career. He received a liberal education in one of the Academies of New York, and at the age of 16 made his first venture in business, entering the well-known publishing firm of Farmer, Brace & Co., of New York, in whose employ he continued until he reach- ed his majority. The remarkable business ability displayed by him, even at this early period, won for him the esteem and confi- dence of the firm, and also an offer of a part- nership in the business. The death of the senior partner, occurring about this time, caused certain changes which resulted in the disappointment of young Sanford's hopes. The firm was re-organised, leaving him out. The value of his services was, however, recognised by a rival firm, from whom he received the offer of a situation and a salary of $3,000 per year. This offer he declin- ed, determined in future to sink or swim as master of the ship he sailed. His own words were, ' ' I am determined never to accept a position as clerk to any firm." Mr. Sanford now returned to Canada, was united in marriage to Miss Jackson, only daughter of his friend, Edward Jackson, Esq. Then he went to London, Ont., and entered into a business partnership with Murray, Ander- son and Edward Jackson, and under the firm name of Anderson, Sanford & Co., carried on one of the largest foundries in western Canada. His wedded happiness was of short CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 31 ff oration, for at the end of about eighteen months his accomplished wife died. Com- pletely crushed and disheartened by the blow, he retired from the firm, and return- ed to Hamilton. His restless energies, however, refused to remain inactive, and with characteristic energy, he-with some New York dealers-went into the wool business. In less than a year, he was mas- ter of the situation, having obtained control of the wool market of the province, and was soon known among dealers as the " Wool King" of Canada. Not long after this, Mr. Sanford entered upon the business, which, under his skilful management, has grown into such large proportions, and in which he has achieved his greatest success, and with which he is still identified. At this time, the trade, in ready-made clothing, was at a very low standard. The only mat- ter thought of by those in the trade was price. The questions of elegance and taste were not taken into account. Mr. Sanford formed a partnership with Mr. Alexander Mclnnes, for the manufacture of ready- made clothing. With that keen discern- ment of what the public needed that has ever characterised him, he determined, from the best goods to be found in the market, to manufacture for the public demand clothing that would combine cheapness, with elegance and style of finish. $20,000 capital was invested at the beginning. The most skilful labour to be found was employ- ed, and samples to meet the requirements of the public were produced. Mr. Sanford put the goods upon the market himself, while his partner attended to the office work. The goods were what the people needed, and from that day the trade in Canada was revolutionised ; the character of the firm as ' ' first class " was estab- lished, and the formation of future success laid. Various changes have taken place in the personnel of the firm since its establish- ment in 1861. After ten years Mr. McInnis retired and two of the employes were taken in as partners, and the name of the firm changed to Sanford, Vail & Bick- ley. After five years, Mr. Bickley retired, the firm continuing as Sanford, Vail & Co." by which name it was known until 1884, when Mr. Vail retired, and the busi- ness was continued under the title of W. E. Sanford & Co. Since the establishment of the firm, and through all its subsequent changes, Mr. Sanford has been the moving and controlling spirit of the concern. He is complete master of all the details of the several departments, as well as director of the whole establishment. While he pioneers the great public contracts, he at the same time keenly observes and anticipates any change in the public taste, and invariably has the supply in advance of the demand. The requirements of each province or com- munity becomes a separate study, and whether it be Prince Edward Island or Manitoba or the Pacific coast, each is suit- ably supplied from the endless variety pro- duced at the central ware-rooms in Hamil- ton. While other firms are studying the problem and counting the cost, Mr. San- ford is selling his goods and pocketing the profits. In the year 1866 Mr. Sanford was united in marriage to Miss Sophia Vaux, youngest daughter of the late Thomas Vaux, Esq., of the House of Commons, Ottawa, a lady of culture and dignity, whose genial and refined spirit makes the home delight- ful, and whose open hand of charity is a proverb in the city in which she lives. In social life Mr. Sanford is most affable and attractive, in manners he is courteous and gentlemanly.- He is always the soul of the company in which he is found. He can come from the most perplexing concerns of business, and plunge at once into all the mirth and merriment of the evening party, as though there was no such thing as care in the world. For a man whose mind is so deeply occupied with the various financial schemes with which he is identified, one would go far to find another who has the disposition, and finds the opportunity to do so many acts of genuine kindness. A few flowers from his conservatory, or some rare relish to tempt the appetite, is his thought- ful and appropriate way of relieving the weariness of many a sick chamber. Mr. Sanford is a leading member of the Method- ist Church, a trustee and steward of the Centenary Church, Hamilton, and a liberal supporter of the Missionary, Educational and other connexional agencies of the church. To each of the recurring General Conferences he has been invariably elected by the proper constituencies, and is treas- urer of several of the most important church funds. As a citizen, he is public- spirited, and justly held in high esteem. He has been President of the Board of Trade, Vice-President of the Hamilton Provident Bank, and a Director of the Ex- change Bank. Being thoroughly absorbed in business, he has taken but little part in politics, whatever he may do in the future. In politics, he is in sympathy with the pro- tective policy of the present administration, and he consequently gives his support to- 32 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the Conservative party. A few such men make a city, and are indispensable to its prosperity and development. When shrewd- ness, ability, enterprise, and industry combine, and succeed in accumulating wealth, the benefit is not alone to the one who is thus gifted, but to the many, to whom a means of livelihood is afforded, and to the city and country as well, on which they bestow the fruits of their talent and their toil. Brock, Illajor-Crciicral Sir Isaac, K.B., was the eighth son of John Brock, Esq., and was born in the Island of Guern- sey, on the 6th of October, 1769. The latter year saw the birth of three impor- tant infants, Isaac Brock, just noted, Na- poleon Bonaparte, and Arthur Wellesley, afterwards Duke of Wellington. Young Brock, in his fifteenth year, succeeded by purchase to the Ensigncy of the 8th King's Regiment, which had become vacant by promotion. In 1790 he was promoted to a lieutenancy, and in 1793 be purchased his majority. He was in the expedition to Holland under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, and was wounded in the battle of Egmont-of- Zee. He was second in command of the land forces during the attack on Copen- hagen by Lord Nelson. In the spring of 1802, Brock, now a lieutenant-colonel, was sent to Canada. He took the command at Fort George, and the 49th, which had attempted revolt, soon became one of the trustiest regiments in the line. In 1805 Brock visited England, where he ad- vocated the formation of a veteran battalion for Canada. In 1806 he became commander of the troops in Canada, taking up his residence in Quebec. When Lieutenant- Governor Gore returned to England on leave in 1811, Colonel Brock was appointed administrator of the Government. In 1812 war broke out between England and the United States, and Brock, now Major- General, gave his great military abilities and his personal enthusiasm towards pre- paring Canada to bear her part with credit. He made Fort George his head quarters, and thence planned the campaign which has conferred such lustre on his name in Can- ada. The following extract from a speech delivered by Sir Allan McNab, in 1859, near the restored Brock monument on Queenston Heights, serves instead of a direct narrative of the honoured soldier's .exploits : " On that day, forty-seven years ago, was fought upon these heights what is known in history and in your family traditions as the ' Battle of Qneenston.' It was, though crowned with ultimate success, a day of vicissitude, and not without alloy. When hostilities suddenly commenced on this side of the Atlantic in the year 1812, the gallant soldiers of the mother country were, under the illustrious Wellington, engaged in the sanguinary operations of the war in Europe; and knowing the inability of the King to succour us with reinforcements adequate to our defence, the illustrious Brock, with im- plicit faith, at once placed his reliance mainly upon the militia of the province, and our ever faithful Indian allies, for the protection of this part of Her Majesty's dominions. Events proved that his confidence was not misplaced. His first exploit was at the head of an expedition, which he organized, composed of volunteers from the militia and Indian warriors, and the few regular troops at his disposal. He led that expedition from the seat of government to the capture of Detroit, and such was his imposing advance, that the terrified garrison-the fort-the guns-and munitions of war were all surrendered at dis- cretion. The clouds of war having been promptly dispersed in that extremity of the province, soon gathered on the banks of the Niagara, and then ensued a series of encounters, in three successive years, which have rendered the Niagara frontier, already celebrated for its mighty cataract, famous in the military annals of the British empire. The first serious battle was upon these heights. In the early part of that momentous' day the enemy had gained possession of the elevated ground, and the intrepid Brock, regardless of their numbers and position, made a too daring attempt to dislodge them. While valiantly charging up the abrupt ascent, at the head of a far inferior force, he fell, mortally wounded. Brock fell-not as Wolfe fell-in the arms of Victory-for Victory still hovered in the distance. He fell, rather as Montcalm (a kindred spirit) fell-in the moment of repulse ; and like both Wolfe and Montcalm, he met a soldier's death upon the battle-field. He fell in the arms of his country, and they shall for ever embrace him." He was created a Knight of the Bath on October 10th, 1812, but died a few days afterwards, not knowing that the honour had been conferred upon him. Smart, William Lynn, of Hamilton, was born at St. Albans, Middlesex, England, on the 16th of September, 1824. He is the eldest son of the late John Newton Smart, of Trewhiltt House, Rothbury, Northum- berland, who married, in 1823, Mary Ann, co-heiress of the Rev. Thomas Gregory, vicar of Henlow, Bedfordshire, England, by whom he had six children, the subject of our sketch being the eldest, who succeeded his father to the Trewhiltt and Netherton properties on his death in 3875. Mr. Smart (our subject) is a nephew of the late Admiral Sir Robert Smart, K.C.B., K.H.R.N. He received a first-class edu- cation, finishing his course at King's College, London. He left college in 1842, and was articled to Messrs. Smart & Buller CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 33 Attorneys-at-law and Solicitors in Chancery, where he remained for five years. He was admitted as attorney in 1847, and was then taken in as a partner of the firm of Smart, Buller & Smart. He remained in this firm until 1853, when he came to Canada on a visit to the late Colonel Light,Woodstock, Canada, Mrs. Light being his aunt. The young man was much pleased with Canada, and after a little while concluded to remain here, hav- ing accepted the appointment of secretary of the Woodstock and Lake Erie Railway Com- pany. This company afterwards amalga- mated with the Ainherstburg and St. Thomas Railway Company, under the title of the Canada Southern Railroad. Mr. Smart re- mained as its secretary until the year 1862. We might say that during the time of our subject's secretaryship of these railways he was admitted as an Attorney-at-law by the Law Society of Upper Canada. In 1864 he left the Canada Southern and entered into partnership with Mr. Hector Cameron, Q.C., M.P., the new firm taking the name of Messrs. Cameron & Smart. Their offices were on Toronto street, Toronto, where Mr. Smart continued until 1868. During the time of the partnership-1866-he was called to the bar of Upper Canada. In 1868 the partnership was dissolved, and our subject commenced business in Toronto for himself. Thus he continued until 1873, when he removed to Hamilton, where he received the appointment of Deputy Judge, under the late Judge Logie, and also the late Judge Ambrose. The duties of this office he discharged until the appointment of the present Judge Sinclair, who succeeded Judge Ambrose. In 1876 he retired from his judicial position, and began business again as barrister, opening an office in the Court House, Hamilton. In this office he still continues. Judge Smart has always felt much interest in military matters, and has been a member of the Woodstock Volun- teers. He has likewise devoted himself more or less to civic politics, and was during 1870 and 1871 a councillor for Yorkville, now part of Toronto ; belongs to the Free- mason Seciety, and has held the office of secy, of the Ionic Lodge, No. 25, Toronto. He is likewise a member of the Orange Order. He has travelled through the greater part of the United States. He likewise has visited Cuba, and travelled extensively in Europe, passing through England, Ireland, Scotland, France, Ger- many, Spain, Russia, Switzerland, Tangiers, and several parts of Africa. He is an Epis- copalian ; and in politics professes Liberal- Conservatism. He was a candidate for South Oxford in 1882, but did not succeed. He married, in 1863, Catherine McGill Crooks, daughter of the late John Crooks, Esq., of Niagara, and cousin of the Hon. Adam Crooks, Q.C., late Minister of Educa- tion. By this lady, who died in 1871, he has three children. He is a man of broad views, and though he looks with disfavour upon the Scott Act and other attempts at coerced abstinence, he is a sturdy advocate of tem- perance. Mackenzie, William Lyon, the staunch and impulsive Reformer, was born in Springfield, Dundee, Scotland, on the 12th of March, 1795, and came to Canada in 1820. He was descended from a peasant parentage, and when a mere infant was thrown for support on his brother. He ob- tained a meagre business education in Dundee, and at seventeen started for Eng- land, where he obtained employment as a clerk with Lord Lonsdale. On the 18th of May, 1824, appeared in Niagara the first number of his paper, The. Colonial Advocate. It was roughly written, and dry, and declamatory, but it was on the right side, and made the oligarchists twist uneasily in their chairs. " Every effort," says Mr. Morgan, " except such as reason and the law might have sanctioned, was made to suppress the paper. A bitter personal quarrel, carried on by means of the press, between Mr. Mackenzie and some prominent members of the official par- ty, led, in 1826, to the violent destruction of the printing office by a mob of irritated, friends of the ruling party. The office was forcibly entered, and the types cast into the bay of Toronto. At this time, the paper was printed at that city. A most inopportune time was chosen for the work of destruction. It was probably not known to the rioters that the last number of the paper which it was intended to destroy had already been published ; for if it had the act would have been as stupid and unnecessary as it was wicked and illegal. As the act was done in the face of day, the perpetrators of it were known, and damages were recovered against them, on the case being brought into a court of justice. We must suppose that the ob- ject of scattering the types into the bay was to put an end to the existence of an obnoxious newspaper ; but the effect was precisely the contrary of what had been in- tended. The paper, of which the last number had already been issued, received from the violence used to put it down a new lease of existence. The Colonial Advo- 34 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF cate, instead of expiring in 1826, as it would, if left to itself, continued to be published till 1833, when the press and types were sold to Dr. O'Grady. In 1828, Mr. Mac- kenzie was elected to the Canadian Parlia- ment, for the County of York. The vio- lence of the official party was not confined to the destruction of a printing office. Mr. Mackenzie had, in his newspaper, used language towards the majority in the As- sembly, which that majority chose to regard as libellous, and they resolved to punish the representative for the act of the jour- nalist. The alleged libel consisted of de- scribing the majority as sycophants fit only to register the decrees of arbitrary power. Language quite as strong as this has fre- quently been used in the House of Com- mons. For instance, Henry, now Lord Brougham, when in the House of Com- mons, said of the Minister Peel, ' I do not arraign him as much as I do you, his flatter- ers, his vile parasites,' for which language, so far from being expelled, he was not even called to order. But admitting the language used by Mr. Mackenzie to be libellous, the proper remedy would have been to bring the case before the jury. But that remedy was hopeless ; it was notorious that no verdict could have been obtained against the pub- lisher of the alleged libel. It was treated as a breach of privilege ; on that ground the expulsion proceeded, and an attempt was made to render Mr. Mackenzie incapa- ble of sitting in the Assembly. His re- election could not, however, be prevented, for no member of the official party would have had the least chance against him ; and as often as he was expelled-five times-he was re-elected ; once when he was absent in England." He was chosen first Mayor of Toronto in 1836, and with all his faults, seemed to have been the darling of those who were doing battle for popular rights. His visit to Downing Street when the domi- nance of the Family Compact was most galling, was productive of several minor results ; but it seemed to be our fortune to have gentlemen governing us then, who were conspicuous only for their utter unfit- ness for the position. Sir Francis Bond Head, with several trunks full of blank poems, plays and unfinished essays, made a great sensation on first appearing here, but he had a soft head, and the Tories promptly brought him into line. He was in Canada in 1837-38, the season of William Lyon Mackenzie's wild uprising near To- ronto. Mackenzie did not succeed with his motley band of well - meaning follow- era, but with a price upon his head, fled the country through the wintry woods. He eventually obtained a pardon through the influence of his friend, Mr. Hume, and returned to Canada. The Reformers gave him the cold shoulder, and the Tories raised their eyes in horror when they looked upon him. In 1850, he opposed George Brown for Haldimand, and defeated him. He held his seat in the Assembly till 1858, when he resigned. He died in comparative poverty, at Toronto, in August, 1861. In 1822, he married Isabel Baxter, a sister of Mr. George Baxter, teacher of the Royal Grammar School at Kingston, and the same from whom so many of our prominent Can- adians received their early tuition. He left seven children. CannifT, William, M.D., M.R.C.S., Eng., one of our well-known medical men and Canadian writers, was born near Belle- ville, Ontario, in the year 1830. He was the son of Jonas Canniff, who married in 1811 Letta Flagler, who was descended of a Knickerbocker family on the River Hudson. The grandfather of our subject was a na- tive of Duchess Co., N. Y., and he took for wife an Irish maiden of good parentage named McBride. His father and a grand- uncle of our subject were U. E. Loyalists, and likewise members of an Irish Huguenot family. The granduncle was born at Bed- ford, New Rochelle, New York State, in the year 1757. Among the Huguenots expelled from France on the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV., in 1685, were persons named Canniff. They found a home in Ireland and became naturalized. It may likewise be stated that these same two Huguenots were among the first settlers in New Rochelle. When the American rebellion broke out, most of this family remained true to the empire, and at the close of the war John Canniff was a refugee in New Brunswick ; from which place he came to Canada in 1788, being one of the first to settle in Adolphustown. He subsequently went to Thurlow, Hastings County, and settled there. James Canniff, our subject's grandfather, came to Canada some years after his brother, and settled in Adolphus- town. After serving throughout the war of 1812, Jonas, Dr. Canniff's father, settled near Belleville. Here he erected a saw mill, and afterwards a very large stone flour mill. Young Canniff was educated at Victoria College, Cobourg, and studied medicine at Toronto School of Medicine, and passed the Upper Canada Medical Board, and at New York University ; and at the latter institu- CANADIA N BIO GRAPH Y. 35 tion took his degree. He was appointed a House Surgeon at New York Hospital, but after a year resigned the position and went to England. He then studied in London hospitals, and took M.R.C.S., London. In 1856 he passed the Army Medical Board, and did duty in the Royal Artillery. When the Crimean war was over he left the ser- vice, and travelled through Great Britain, France, and Germany, attending the hos- pitals of Edinburgh, Dublin and Paris. Then he returned to Canada and com- menced practice in Belleville. He was called to the chair of General Pathology in the medical department of Victora College, and at the urgent request of the dean un- dertook the professorship of surgery in the same institution. He retained this posi- tion till 1863, when he resigned. During the American civil war, our subject visited the hospitals at Washington, and was for a time with the army of the Potomac. After witnessing a large number of cases he re- turned to Belleville, where he resumed practice for a time. But for a while past he had some inclination for Toronto, and thither in a little time he removed. Settling in Toronto, he began practice, and his name was so well known that no great difficulties lay in his way. He resumed his position as professor of surgery. Although devoted to his profession, he always took a deep in- terest in public affairs. He was one of the originators of the "Canada First" movement ; but he always steadfastly set his face against those who outwardly, or in a covert way, advocated annexation. Dr. Canniff has been president of the medi- cal section of tbe Canadian Institute. In 1867 he received an invitation from the medical faculty of Paris to attend as dele- gate at the International Medical Con- gress. In October, 1867, he, with others, formed the Canadian Medical Association at Quebec. He was first secretary for the Province of Ontario, and has since been elected President. He has contributed largely to medical and other magazines, and also to the daily press. He has writ- ten " Principles of Surgery," a clever and valuable book ; " Settlement of Upper Can- ada," and various other works of interest. Dr. Canniff was brought up a Methodist, but has for some time attended the Church of England. He is now Medical Health Officer for Toronto, and has held among other offices that of chief officer of the Cen- sus Commission. He has six sons and one daughter. His eldest son served with Gen. Middleton's advance guard in the late North- West rebellion (1885), and was seriously wounded at Fish Creek. It may also be stated that Dr. Canniff was at the front during the Fenian raids in 1867. At the time of the Trent affair the doctor was president of a literary society in connection with the Methodist Church. The war fever in Toronto was high, and that society formed themselves into a company, of which our subject was elected captain. He drilled for some time in the City Hall, until the matter blew over. With respect to Dr. Canniff's literary works, there is only space here to say that the book, "Settlement of Upper Canada," is a very valuable addition to Canadian literature. The subject is touched with a loving hand, and one delights to linger over its pages. The matter contained in this volume must prove of greatest value to the future historian. It may be stated that Dr. Canniff was the originator of the U. E. Loyalist Centennial Celebration held in Toronto, 1884, and occupied the chair at the meeting in the Horticultural Pavilion on the nomination of Lieutenant-Governor Robinson. Dr. Canniff is in politics a Con- servative, and a Freemason, being a mem- ber of Ionic Lodge of Toronto. Allan, Sir Hugh, was born on the 20th of September, 1810, at Saltcoats, a sea- port on the Firth of Clyde. He was a son of the late Captain Allan, a shipmaster who had been employed on vessels running be- tween the Clyde and the St. Lawrence. Hugh was the second son, and his father destined him for the sea. He received but a very limited education, and in his thir- teenth year was put into the counting house of Messrs. Allan, Kerr & Co, of Greenock. Here he remained for a year, when he sailed on his father's ship, the Favourite, for Can- ada. " Speaking," says the writer of a sketch of Sir Hugh's career, "of the river front of Montreal in the year 1826, Sir Hugh informs us that there were no wharves ; that the bank shelved down from Commissioners street to the river ; that in coming into the river the ships had to let go an anchor, and the work of unloading could only go on slowly, over a gangway, the horses and carts standing in the water. The habits of the people were as primitive as the city itself. They generally lived over their stores, and it was quite usual for them to sit on chairs on the sidewalk in the open air enjoying a chat." Young Hugh obtained a situation in the firm of William Kerr & Co, whose trade was in dry goods. After three years here spent in familiarising himself with the business, keeping accounts, 36 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF etc., he grew discontented, for the ambition which was afterwards to make him so prom- inent began to stir in his veins. He visit- ed Scotland again, where he made only a short stay, returning to Montreal. He met in the street on his return, Mr. James Mil- ler, who was then connected with an exten- sive shipping business. He gave Allan a situation in his office, and the lad accepted the position with much glee. For this firm he made several large wheat purchases, and conducted other important transactions. His judgment was seen to be so good, and his capacity for business so unusual, that after the lapse of five years, he was admitted as a junior member of the firm. With his partners he soon won golden opinions. He was not alone a sound-headed business man, but he was in reality a brilliant one. When the rebellion broke out in 1837 he joined the Fifth Battalion as a volunteer, but speedily rose to the rank of Captain. After the death of Mr. Miller, in 1838, the firm became known as Edmonston & Allan. The firm now began to make enormous strides forward, and in 1853 it commenced the construction of iron screw steamships. The Canadian was the first vessel built, and she made her first voyage in 1855, carrying mails and passengers the following summer. Thereafter the mail service continued by the ships of the firm down to this day. It has been very justly remarked that the history of this firm from the launching of their first steamer, almost down to the present, is the history of Canadian maritime commerce. It may be said that, during the progress of the Crimean war, two of the Company's steamers, the Indian and the Canadian, were employed by Great Britain and France as transport ships between Portsmouth and Marseilles to the Levant. In 1874 the Sar- matian and the Manitoban were chosen for a like service between England and the west coast of Africa. But Sir Hugh Allan's en- ergies were not confined alone to steamboats, and the operations of the house bearing his name ; he was among speculators of every grade, a prince as among mercantile men. Strange to say he had no taste for politics, though with politics he was much mixed up. " His politics," Goldwin Smith once said, " were the politics of steamboats and railways." He was a director of the Mon- treal Telegraph Company, the Montreal Warehousing Company, the Merchants' Bank of Canada, the Mulgrave Gold Min- ing Company, and of the celebrated Pacific Railway. His connection with this enter- prise has become historic. In order that his influence in the company might be pre- dominant, he supplied Sir John A. Macdon- ald's ministry, on the eve of a general elec- tion, with large sums of money, which money was put to the laudable use of buy- ing votes, and otherwise seducing the con- stituencies. But before Parliament ratified the contract information leaked out respect- ing the loans by Sir Hugh Allan, the Min- istry were arraigned, charged with corrup- tion, and fell before the onslaught. Sir Hugh had a princely residence at Ravens- craig, in Montreal, and a summer villa at Belmere,on the shores of Lake Memphrema- gog. For his eminent services to Canadian commerce he was knighted in 1871, as Sir Hugh Allan, of Ravenscraig. He married, on the 13th of September, 1844, Matilda,, second daughter of Mr. John Smith, dry goods merchant of Montreal, by whom he had a family of nine daughters and four sons. He died while on a visit to Britain, in Edinburgh, on the 9th of December, 1882, and his remains were interred in Mount Royal Cemetery at Montreal. Per- haps there is no other man known in his- tory to whom Canada owes more of the prosperity that has fallen to her share than to Sir Hugh Allan. Bethune, the Rev. Charles Jas.. Stewart, M.A., D.C.L., the distinguish- ed subject of this sketch, was born'at West Flamboro', Ontario, on August 11th, 1838. He is the third son of the Right Rev. Alexander Neil Bethune, second Bishop of Toronto, and Jane Eliza, eldest daughter of the late Hon. James Crooks. The Bethune family trace its lineage very far back in Scottish and French historical records. The first of the name who left Normandy for the British Isles came to Scotland in the reign of Malcolm the Third, a contemporary of William the Conqueror, in the eleventh cen- tury. Many men famous in Scotch history belonged to the family, among whom may be mentioned Cardinal Beaton (the name is frequently spelled and pronounced in this way), one of Mary Queen of Scots "Four Marys," the Archbishop Bethune of Glasgow, etc. The first of the family to come to Ca- nada was the Rev. John Bethune, chaplain to a Highland regiment, who settled with his comrades in the County of Glengarry, Ontario, towards the end of the last century. He was the father of the late Bishop of Toronto and Dean Bethune of Montreal, and grandfather of the subject of our sketch. Young Bethune was educated at private schools at Cobourg and Upper Canada Col- lege. After leaving the latter institution CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 37 he entered Trinity College, Toronto, and graduated B.A. therefrom in 1859 with first- class classical honours. He took his M.A. in 1861 and received the honorary degree of D.C.L. from his Alma Mater in 1883, in re- cognition of his zealous and worthy services at Trinity College School. He was ordain- ed deacon in 1861 and priest in 1862, by the late Bishop Strachan of Toronto. He was curate until 1866 with his father, then Rec- tor of Cobourg, with the exception of a short period spent in England in 1863-4, when he was curate at Carlton, near Selby, in Yorkshire. In 1866 he was appointed to the charge of the Credit Mission, in the County of Peel, Ontario ; and since Sep- tember, 1870, has been Head Master of Trinity College School at Port Hope. From a very small beginning he has raised up this school to be one of the widest known and most successful in the Dominion. He has now a staff of eight assistant masters, about 140 pupils, and large and handsome build- ings with extensive play grounds. Our sub- ject has given much of his attention to scientific pursuits, and he is well known in the United States and Great Britain, as likewise in Canada, as an entomologist. He was one of the founders of the Entomologi- cal Society of Canada and its secretary- treasurer for seven years. He was presi- dent of the same Society from 1870 to 1875, and has continued since to be a member of its Council. He was entomological editor of the Canada Farmer for nine years, and editor of the Canadian Entomologist from its inception in 1868 to 1873. He has writ- ten a large number of papers on Practical and Scientific Entomology in these and other publications, and contributed repeat- edly to the Annual Report on Insects pre- sented to the Legislature of Ontario. He is a fellow of the American Association for the advancement of science and has attended its meetings at various places in the United States ; is a member of seve- ral Canadian scientific societies and a cor- responding member of scientific societies in New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Buffalo, Davenport, Brooklyn, Halifax, and other places. He is also a member of the Corpo- ration of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, and of the council of the Bishop Strachan School for Young Ladies, in To- ronto. He was Honorary Clerical Secretary of the Synod of the Diocese of Toronto from 1869 to 1871, and has been repeatedly elected a representative of the diocese at the meetings of the Provincial Synod in Montreal. He has frequently visited Eng- land and travelled in the United States ; he has also visited Paris, and has seen a good deal of Scotland and Ireland. Our subject has always been a member of the Church of England and associated with the " High Church " school of thought. He married on April 21st, 1863, Alice, second daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Forlong, K. H., of Toronto, late of Her Majesty's 43rd Regiment of Light Infantry, and his wife Sophia, daugh- ter of the Hon. Henry John Boulton, of Holland House, Toronto. Colonel Forlong, when a young man, took part in the battle of Waterloo, and was wounded during the engagement. He carried the bullet, which could not be extracted, all the rest of his life. He died at Gore Vale, Toronto, in 1859. Dr. Bethune has five children living. An earnest and able worker for his church, a learned and deeply-skilled votary in a wide and important branch of science, and at the same time the able administrator of a denominational school made, by his own ex- ertions, the most important among junior institutions in Canada. It has been given to few men whose names are written in this volume to accomplish so much and to accom- plish it so well. Mackenzie, John Innes, of Hamil- ton, the subject of this sketch, was born at the farm " Ardcronie," Ross-shire, Scotland, on the 5th May, 1822. He is the fifth son of James Mackenzie, by Grace, nee Innes. Our subject's father was an ensign in the Clanal- pine Regt, of Fencibles Infantry. He served in Ireland, and fought at the battle of Vine- gar Hill, in the County Wexford. In the year 1800 he was promoted to a lieutenancy in the same regiment. On May 24th, 1813, he was appointed Captain and Adjutant of the Eastern Regiment of Ross Local Militia, and was presented with the freedom of the Royal Burgh of Dingwall, Ross-shire, in 1801. He was the father of twenty-one children, and died on his farm. The sub- ject of this sketch was educated at the Parish School of Logie Easter, and at the Parish School of Kincardine, Ross-shire. At fourteen years of age he entered on an apprenticeship in a general store in the Isle of Skye. In 1842 he emigrated to Canada, making the passage in fourteen weeks by sailing ship. The only serious trouble of his life was arriving in Canada without money or friends. But he had strong hopes in the country's future, and worked his way to his destination-Hamilton. Here and in the neighbourhood he served as a dry goods salesman until 1846, when he ven- tured, without any capital, to open a general 38 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF store in Ingersoll, County of Oxford. Here, however, he had large success, and at 31 years of age he might have retired with an ample fortune. In 1853 he was offered, and accepted, a partnership in, and the manage- ment of, a new wholesale dry goods business by his former employers. He accepted the offer, and went to London, Ontario. This business he conducted successfully for thir- teen years. In 1866, and in the interest of the Hamilton establishment, the two con- cerns were amalgamated in Hamilton. Sub- sequently he opened a wholesale dry goods business in Hamilton ; and in 1877 sold out his interest therein to his then partners. Since that time he has been mainly engaged as Secy.-Treasurer, and General Manager of the Long Point Shooting Club. Later on he became License Inspector for the city of Hamilton. About 1862, in conjunction with Mr. James Moffatt, he organized a Highland volunteer company in the city of London. At their joint expense the two fully equipped the company, importing the clothing from Glasgow. Our subject was an honorary private, and Mr. Moffatt (now Lieut.-Colonel) was selected as captain. At the time of the Trent difficulty he raised No. 1 Company of the London Battalion, now the 7th Fusiliers, in which he served as captain. He went up for examination, and passed with a first-class certificate. In March, 1866, when moving to Hamilton, he sent in his resignation, but was prevailed upon instead to be transferred to the Hamil- ton command. In 1870 he was gazetted first Major in the Reserve Militia of the Regimental Division of the city of Hamilton, which rank he now holds. He was pro- minent in establishing the Dominion Tele- graph Company, and was vice-President of that organization for many years. He was also a Director of the Wellington, Grey & Bruce Railway during the construction of that road ; was an aiderman in the city of London and Hamilton, and prides himself on never having solicited a vote. He was chairman of the Prince of Wales reception committee in London at the time of H.R.H. visit. He was President of St. Andrew's Society in London and in Hamilton ; and also President of the Board of Trade in both cities. He became a Free and Accepted Mason in 1853, and is now a past master. He is a Presbyterian, and a Reformer in politics. He married in Nov., 1847, Mar- garet Phelan, of Abbeyleix, Queen's County, Ireland, now deceased. By this union he had two sons and two daughters, all of whom are alive. Altogether the career of Mr. Mackenzie is one of which any one might be proud ; and he is one of those to whom our young country must always find that she remains under a measure of indebtedness. Reed, Joseph Renjamin, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born in the County of Oxford, in the Province of On- tario, on June 9th, 1845. His father was of American descent, and came from Massa- chusetts, in the United States. His mother came of the well-known Willson family, who were among the pioneer settlers who settled in York County in the early history of the province. Indeed this family may be said to be prominent among those who taught the infant province of Ontario, in those days when all that was needed upon her wide and fruitful acres were intelligence and thrift.. It is to the example-the perseverance, the achievement-of such people that every country emerging into civilization has to re- turn thanks for its progress, and for its very existence. The father of this lady came from Staten Island, in the United States. The subject of our sketch was educated in the common school of Oxford County at first; but he was subsequently sent to the Grammar School at Stratford. On complet- ing his studies he cast about him for some suitable employment, and for the nonce be- came a book-keeper in a mercantile establish- ment. Such a position was not destined to hold him through life, and he quitted his situation in 1868. He next proceeded to Troy, in the State of New York, where he employed himself for the space of four years, after which he returned to Toronto. He now interested himself in real estate busi- ness, continuing in this occupation till the year 1875, when, believing that a better field lay open to his abilities in another direction,, he connected himself with the Stadacona Insurance Company. This company was honeycombed, however, from the foundation to the top, and necessarily failed ; so in 1877 he assumed the agency for the Liverpool, London and Globe Insurance Co., and in 1881 became agent for the Lancashire Fire and Life Insurance Co. It is stated that Mr. Reed does the largest insurance busi- ness in Toronto; as much, in fact, as some prominent companies do in the entire Do- minion. He is a Freemason, and is inde- pendent in politics, taking a wide and ad- vanced view of public affairs. In religion he is a member of the Presbyterian com- munion. He married, in 1867, Miss Cum- mer, a daughter of Mr. John Cummer, one of the earliest settlers in the County of York. Everybody, it need hardly be said, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 39 knows Mr. J. B. Reed; and a very prom- inent gentleman said to the writer, " those who don't ought to." He is a quick, clear- headed business man, honourable and manly in his dealings, of large public spirit, and a favourite of all with whom he comes in con- tact. Waller, William Henry, Registrar of the County of Carleton, Ottawa, was born at Castle Waller, County Tipperary, Ireland, on the 14th May, 1835. He is the eldest son of the late Robert Alfred Waller and Elizabeth his wife. The family of Waller is descended from Alured de Waller, of Newark, County Nottingham, who died in 1183, and from whom descend- ed David de Waller, master of the rolls for thirty-six years to King Edward III. Henry Waller, of Hookerton, brother of David, was great great grandfather of J ohn Waller, of Groombridge, Co. Kent, the latter being father of Sir Richard Waller who participated in the glories of Agin- court, where he made a prisoner of the Duke of Orleans, and was specially honoured by Henry V. for his brave and gallant actions in that memorable conflict. The subject of this sketch is a descendent of Richard Waller, of Groombridge, who went to Ire- land in 1641, and left two sons ; the elder, Richard Waller, of Cully, Co. Tipperary, who married Elizabeth Redmond, and dying in 1701, was succeeded by his eldest son Edmund, who, dying without issue, in 1711, was succeeded by his brother, William Waller, Esq., of Cully. This gentleman married Blanche Weeks, by whom he had six sons and a daughter Jane, who married Richard Mannsel, Esq. The eldest son Richard, succeeded at Cully or Castle Waller, the family seat, and diedin 1758, leaving by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Admiral Holland, a son and heir, Richard Waller, who married Anne, daughter of Kilner Braizer, Esq., and had, with other issue, Richard Waller, of Castle Waller (the grand- father of the present Mr. W. H. Waller), who married Maria Theresa, daughter of Captain Burke. By this union there were six sons : Edward, William Henry, Robert Alfred, George Tyner, Theophilus and Rodger ; and four daughters, Anna, Maria Theresa, Eleanor Ricarda and Bidina. Anna married Sir John De Burgho, of Castle Connell, Co. Limerick, and was mother of the late Sir Richard Donellen De Burgho, who was a first cousin of the sub- ject of our sketch. The family arms are, Chequay or. and az. ; on a canton gu., a lion rampant, double queud of the first; The crest : out of a ducal coronet, a plume of ostrich feathers, the 2nd and 4th az., the 1st, 3rd and 5th, arg., surmounting an eagle claw gu. The motto is Honour et veritas; seat, Newport or Castle Waller, County Tipperary, Ireland. Our subject was educated at Newport, in the County Tipperary, Ireland. Through family re- verses, he had to leave school when about fourteen years of age, with the rudiments of a general English education, which form- ed the basis of a more extensive culture, in spare hours, in after years. In 1853, with his father and other members of his family, he came to Canada and settled in the city of Toronto; entered the Globe office and re- mained there about seven years, acquiring a knowledge of " the art preservative of all arts." During this period, in spare hours, he studied shorthand. Soon by continuous practice became proficient. Was incited to the study by picking up a leaf of a reporter's note-book one day upon the stairs. In 1861 he left the Globe and went to Ottawa, obtained a position on the Ottawa Union, a tri-weekly newspaper, as local reporter ; and after a short time, in that capacity, was privileged to use the mysterious "We" in editorial contributions. Remained on the Union until 1865, when it changed hands and name, and became the Ottawa Times. He then went into partnership with Mr. R. E. O'Connor, one of the pro- prietors of the Union. In 1871 he was elected President of the St Patrick's Literary Association, of Ottawa. In 1874-5 was elected a member of the Separate School Board ; and during the same period repre- sented St George's Ward as aiderman in the City Council, occupying the important position of Chairman of the Finance Com- mittee. He gave much attention to the office, and aided in putting the finances of the city in a satisfactory condition. In 1876 he was elected Mayor of Ottawa, after a sharp contest with C. W. Bangs, and in 1877 he was re-elected to the position by acclamation. He made himself very popular during the time of his Mayoralty by un- ostentatiously discharging the duties of the office ; in a courteous bearing to officials and the public. He distributed several medals for meritorious acts ; gave liberal contribu- tions to all worthy objects demanding assistance, and made strenuous efforts to alleviate the condition of the working classes during the prevailing hard times. At the end of his second year's term as Mayor, he was entertained at a banquet by the citizens of Ottawa, and presented with 40 A CYCLOPEDIA OF a valuable gold watch, chain and seal, and a beautiful illuminated address, expressing appreciation of his services to the city. In 1875 he was elected Vice-President of the Capital Mutual Building Society of Ottawa, and the following year president, which lat- ter position he held until the termination of the Society in 1884. We have good au- thority for stating that in no single in- stance did Mr. Waller seek for any of the positions to which he was elected. He was solicited in every case. In 1879 he was appoint d to the office of Registrar of the County of Carleton by the Mowat Ad- ministration, which office he at present holds. The selection gave general satisfac- tion, and the duties of the office are most satisfactorily performed. Mr. Waller is a member of the Catholic faith ; but in his religious views is very liberal. Since his acceptance of office he has ceased to be a politician. Prior to taking office, he acted with the Reform party. He married at Toronto in October, 1860, Miss Jane Nolan, daughter of John Nolan, of Moyne, Co. Mayo, Ireland. He has two sons and two daughters. Mr. Waller is about 5 ft. 10 inches high, is of slender build, but wiry, active and full of energy. He is studiously inclined ; has always set a great value on time. He is very fond of music, poetry, gardening and horticulture, and in the lat- ter pursuits, in spare hours, finds pleasure, profit, mental relaxation and health. These tastes, in his case, are not incompatible with practical business talent or ability. He is a fluent speaker, and his style as a writer is racy and practical. He has the courage of his convictions ; and, on all subjects on which he treats, says exactly what he thinks. His lecture on " The Irish in Canada," of a few years ago, was a very popular effort, being referred to by nearly every newspaper in Ontario in terms of commendation. He is civil and obliging in disposition, "gentle when stroked, fierce (only) when provoked." He has no taste for public balls, dinners and levees, but can enjoy the company of small social gatherings of persons of congenial tastes. In the domestic circle he is social and hospitable. Mr. Waller's success, in his adopted country, is one of the many evi- dences of what can be accomplished by well- directed personal endeavour and persever- ing industry. Dawson, Sir J. William, M. A., LL.D., F.R.S., C.M.G., etc., one of the most distinguished living geologists, was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, in 1820. He received his early training in the College of Pictou, Nova, Scotia. It is related that while en- gaged in his studies here the thoughtful young classman made extensive collections in the natural history of the province. Here we had given to us the dawn of an unusually brilliant scientific career. Leaving Pictou, young Dawson went to the University of Edinburgh, where he remained for a winter, returning again to Nova Scotia, where he began with ardour his geological re- searches. In 1842 Sir Charles Lyell, the eminent geologist, visited Nova Scotia, and he had for companion with him during his tour through the province the promising young graduate of Pictou. In 1840 young Dawson returned to the University of Edin- burgh to study practical chemistry and other subjects bearing upon the prosecution of geological research. Four years later he was appointed Superintendent of Educa- tion for Nova Scotia. He was active in organizing the Normal School in that Pro- vince, and was appointed by Sir Edmund Head a member of a commission to regulate the affairs of King's College, now the Uni- versity of New Brunswick. For many ways he interested himself in the promotion of education, but he never lost sight of the pursuit so near to his heart and his brain. In 1855 he was appointed to the position which he now holds of Principal and Pro- fessor of Natural History in McGill College and University in Montreal. Under his enlightened direction, McGill College has come to establish for itself a reputa- tion over the world. From a paper on Dr. Dawson, published in 1875 by the Popular Science Monthly, we make the following excerpt:-" A review of his more important scientific labours will show us how much may be done, even in the midst of engrossing educational occupations. As early as 1830 Dr. Dawson began to make collections of the fossil plants of the Nova Scotia coal formation. In 1841 he contri- buted to the Wernerian Society of Edin- burgh his first scientific paper, on the species of field-mice found in Nova Scotia. In 1843 he communicated a paper on the rocks of Eastern Nova Scotia to the Geolo- gical Society of London ; this was followed in 1844 by a paper on the newer coal for- mation. In 1845, besides exploring and reporting on the iron mines of Londonderry, Nova Scotia, he published a paper on the coal formation plants of that province. During the winter of 1846-'47, while studying in Edinburgh, he contributed to the Royal Society of that city papers on the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 41 4 Formation of Gypsum,' and on the 'Boulder Formation,' and an article to Jameson's Edinburgh Philosophical Journal on the ' Renewal of Forests Destroyed by Fire. ' The facts embodied in the last were subsequently employed by him in combat- ing the exaggerated periods of time assigned to such changes by European geologists. From 1847 to 1849 we find him, with the same never-flagging zeal, pursuing his geo- logical researches, and giving the results to the world in frequent papers. The most important of these are : 1. 'On the Triassic Red Sandstones of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island;' 2. 'On the Colouring Matters of Red Sandstones ;' 3. ' On Erect Calamites Found near Pictou 4. On the 4 Metamorphic Rocks of Nova Scotia.' He also published his ' Handbook of the Geo- graphy and Natural History of Nova Scotia,' and delivered courses of lectures on Natural History and Geology in the Pictou Academy, and in Dalhousie College, Halifax, and re- ported to the Nova Scotia Government on the coal-fields of Southern Cape Breton. In 1852, in company with Sir Charles Lyell, he made a re-examination of the Joggins section, and visited the remarkable deposit of Albertite at Hillsborough, New Bruns- wick." During his visit to the Joggins mines Mr. Dawson found the remains of Dendrerpeton Acadianum and of Pupa Ve- tusta. The former was the first reptile found in the coal formation of America ; and Pupa Vetusta was the first known palaeozoic land snail. In 1855 he published the first edition of his world-famed Acadian Geology. The following year he prepared a description of the Silurian and Devonian rocks, and during the summer visited Lake Superior, and wrote a paper and report on the copper regions of Maimanse and Georg- ian Bay. In this masterly paper he dis- cussed the geological relations of the copper- bearing rocks of the north shore of Lake Superior and the origin of the deposit of native copper. In recent years Sir William Dawson has devoted much attention to the study of fossil plants and carboniferous rep- tiles, and the physical and organic condi- tions of the more recent geological forma- tions, and has published many memoirs on these subjects in the Transactions of various societies. Among his more popular works are "The Origin of the World," "The Story of the Earth," "Fossil Men," and " The Chain of Life in Geological Time," all of which have been published in London and have had large circulation in England and America. One of Dr. Dawson's most important scientific discoveries is that of Eozoon Canadense. This fossil .the late Sir William Logan had noticed, and he handed his specimens to Dr. Dawson. The latter soon recognised-and was the first to do so -its foraminiferal affinities, and proceeded to explain its structure. It may be said that previous to this discovery the Laur- entian rocks were regarded as devoid of animal remains, and were therefore called " Azoic." For this term Dr. Dawson sub- stituted Eozoic. Dr. Dawson was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society of Lon- don in 1854, and of the Royal Society in 1862. He is a Master of Arts of Edin- burgh, and a Doctor of Laws of McGill. In 1881 he was awarded the Lyell Medal of the Geological Society of London, England, for his eminent discoveries in geology. He was appointed by the Marquis of Lome first President of the Royal Society of Can- ada, and had the principal place in organiz- ing that body. Recognising his brilliant career in science, Her Majesty, in 1881, honoured him with the title of C.M.G., and in 1884, created him a Knight. In 1882, Sir William was President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1883 he travelled in Egypt and Syria, and published geological observations upon this old land of Biblical history and religious romance. He is now one of the vice-presi- dents of the British Association. In 1884 he received the degree of LL.D, from the University of Edinburgh, and in the follow- ing year was appointed President elect of the British Association for the meeting of 1886. Galbraith, William, Toronto, was born on the 23rd Dec., 1832, at Dumbarton, Scotland. The Galbraith family is a race of millers, our subject being the fourth genera- tion, all having been engaged in this pursuit. His parents were John Galbraith and Chris- tian Craig. His mother's kindred were well-to-do and highly respected farmers. Our subject was educated at Neilston, at the Parish School, with a view of becom- ing a minister, but owing to certain cir- cumstances he entered into business with his father. He was always, however, of a studious nature, and while at his daily employment frequently made vast mental excursions. This habit he maintains to the present. His first idea of emigrating to Canada was occasioned by what he read of the country in Chambers's Journal. He left home in 1856 for Toronto, in which city he has since resided. He first ob- tained a situation through Mr. McMaster with Mr. James Young, produce merchant, 42 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF with whom he remained for three years. In 1859 he formed a partnership with Mr. Robert Swan, which existed for six years, when Mr. Swan retired. Mr. Galbraith has since carried on the business with very good success. He was President of the Corn Ex- change four times, and Vice-President of the Board of Trade twice. He took an enthu- siastic interest in the Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railway when that line was first proposed. In 1883 he took a trip to Great Britain, and visited the scenes of his early youth. In religion Mr. Galbraith is a staunch Pres- byterian, and in politics an uncompromising Liberal. He married in Feb., 1856, Janet Grey Wright, a native of Neilston, Scot- land, and by this lady has had ten children, nine of whom are living. His eldest son is associated with him in the milling business at Allandale, near Barrie. Mr. Galbraith is a total abstainer, never having touched a drop of intoxicating liquor during his life. Wherever Mr. Galbraith is known he is re- spected, and is a persevering, honourable, and upright man. Small, Henry Beaumont, Ottawa, the subject of this sketch, was born on the 31st of October, 1831, at Market Bosworth, Leicestershire, England. His father was the Rev. N. P. Small, Rector of Market Bos- worth, and his mother's maiden name was Catherine Lee. The family belong to the Athol Clan, and the lineal descendant resides on the family estate of Dirnanean, Pitlochrie, Perthshire, where Alexander Small branched off to London in 1723, becoming a Court Physician, and acquiring large property in Buckinghamshire. The family intermarried into the Beaumonts and Dixies, two old Leicestershire families. Our subject was educated at Bosworth School, King's Col- lege, London, and Lincoln College, Oxford. From an early age he showed a leaning to literary and scientific pursuits ; and as his intellectual parts became matured he con- cerned himself with a close and zealous study of natural history. It was because he believed that wider opportunities for the successful prosecution of this study ex- isted in Canada, that he emigrated thither. In 1858 he moved to New York, where he was appointed Classical Professor at the Military College of Sing Sing. He after- wards engaged in private tuition in New York, but returned to Canada in 1865. It may be stated that our subject served in the United States Sanitary Commission during part of the American civil war, in Virginia, and was one of the first who en- tered Yorktown after its evacuation. He entered the civil service of Canada in 1868, in the department of Marine and Fisheries p was transferred to the position of Private Secretary to the Hon. C. Dunkin, Minister of Agriculture, in 1871; went through the various grades, and finally became Chief Clerk of Immigration and Quarantine for Canada in 1885. Mr. Small is a director in Canada of the Glasgow-Canadian Phos- phate Co., and connected with the Ossining Lyceum of Natural History, (New York State); the Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society ; the Ottawa Field Naturalist Club 'r and is honorary member of the Leicester Museum. He has travelled largely through- out Canada and the United States. He is a member of the Church of England, of broad views, and without meddling un- duly in politics, is a sound Conservative. He married Henrietta, daughter of Thomas Faile, Esq., one of the oldest families of the Island of Jersey, on June 20th, 1853. By this marriage he has five children, three sons and two daughters, the eldest being a rising physician in Ottawa. Mr. Small is the author of a number of works on forestry, minerals, manufactures, etc., and is a con- tributor to the British press and to several magazines. Vaudreuil, Marquis de, a French lieutenant-general, who had acted for some time as Governor of New France. He was sent to Canada as commander of the forces, bringing with him some eight hundred men. During the massacre of Lachine he went with three hundred of these to the relief of Montreal. He also served in other expedi- tions, notably under De Frontenac in his celebrated expedition against the Iroquois ; and in the defence of Quebec against Ad- miral Phipps in 1690. A few years after- wards he gained a signal victory over la Chaudiere Noir, at that time the most for- midable and crafty of the Iroquois chief- tains. Giving up the military for the naval service, in 1702, he obtained a seigniory, and was appointed Governor of Montreal. His marriage at Quebec to Louise Elizabeth Joybert de Soulange, daughter of Chevalier Joybert de Soulange, caused great dissatis- faction to the French Ministry, who strongly objected to the alliance of their colonial governors with the colonists themselves. In 1703 he became Governor of Canada, succeeding M. de Callieres; in 1710 he took a most prominent part in the defence of Quebec, where his activity was unbounded ; he also did all that lay in his power for the relief of Montreal. During the reign of Louis XV., he brought about many useful CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 43 reforms, in matters of education and civiliza- tion, which were at that time greatly needed in the colony. He died at Quebec on the 10th of October, 1725, much regretted by all those who knew the sterling qualities of his character, and by the people of the colony who had felt the benefit of his wise administration as a soldier. He had been distinguished for bravery at the siege of Valenciennes, and during his service in Canada, as an administrator, he was more than usually successful, either as regards his measures of peace or war. Ross, Hon. Geo. William, LL.B., M.P.P., etc.-The career of this gentleman is an excellent example of what the New World can do for a man who sets before himself a high ideal of life, with the am- bition to overcome the accidents of birth, and the steadfast purpose to rise to a useful and exalted position among his fellows, without the adventitious aids which belong to an artificial society and an age of privi- lege. In Mr. Ross's case a laudable am- bition has not been thwarted by circum- stances which in the Old World so often prove a bar to personal advancement, what- ever may be the merit of him who strives to overcome them. With all the freedom of our social and national life in Canada, it is of course not often given to one to rise from humble birth and the limited resources of a rural school training to high political office and the Ministership of Education-a posi- tion which Mr. Ross succeeded in attaining, greatly to his credit, before he had reached his forty-third year. Only unusual gifts and their devotion to high purposes and worthy ends could win such signal fortune as Mr. Ross has achieved far in advance of those who began life's race with him. Mr. Ross, who is of Scotch parentage, was born near Nairn, in the County of Middle- sex, Ontario, on the 18th of Sept., 1841. As we have hinted, he is the architect of his own fortunes. The possessor of a good phy- sical frame, and a strong and active intel- lectual organization, which he assiduously cultivates, Mr. Ross has successfully fought his way upwards with a determination and persistence characteristic of his Highland origin. As a boy he was fortunate to re- ceive the sound but eminently practical education to be had in the older settled districts of the Province a generation ago. Building upon this, by his own unaided efforts, he succeeded in 1857 in obtaining a third-class county certificate, and for many years devoted himself to teaching. In 1859 he obtained a second-class, and in 1867 a first-class, County Board certificate. Two years later, he took a course at the Normal School, Toronto, and in 1871 secured a first class Provincial certificate. In the latter year he was appointed Inspector of Public Schools for the County of Lambton, and subsequently acted in a similar capacity for the Towns of Petrolea and Strathroy. While Inspector for East Lambton, Mr. Ross was in 1875 made the recipient of a handsome gold watch and chain, with a complimentary address from the teachers of the district, in acknowledgment of his zeal in educational work and his able and unwearied service in the profession. He was also presented with a flattering address by the County Council. " During those years," says a writer in the Canada School Journal, " when the estab- lishment of additional Normal Schools was agitated in this province, and rival cities were clamouring for location of the proposed new schools within their limits, Mr. Ross took a leading part in the movement set on foot for the creation of County Model Schools, when it was found that the Govern- ment of the day hesitated to incur the out- lay for additional Normal Schools. He de- voted much time and attention to perfect- ing the new scheme of County Model Schools, and after their establishment, prepared the syllabus of lectures, and was for a time appointed inspector of Model Schools. The excellent results that have followed are a sufficient indication of the wisdom of his counsels, and of the energy and skill with which the scheme was put into practical operation. From 1876 to 1880 he was a member of the Central Committee, and was there a faithful advocate of the teachers' interests. He contended for the use of only one text-book on the same subject in the public schools, and was in favour of con- fining the Normal Schools to strictly pro- fessional work, leaving the academic or non- professional part of the students' training to the High Schools and Institutes." For some years Mr. Ross was engaged in jour- nalistic work. At one time he owned the Strathroy Age and at another was part pro- prietor of the Huron Expositor. His great mental resources and intimate knowledge of public questions well fit him to shine in the field of journalism. In educational jour- nalism he also made his mark, having con- ducted, with Mr. McColl, of Strathroy, the Ontario Teacher, a publication which was spiritedly edited and for a time of great service to the teaching profession. Like many of our public men, Mr. Ross has also been drawn to law, and though he has never 44 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF practised the profession he has passed several of the preliminary examinations, and in 1879 wrote for and obtained from the Albert University the degree of LL B. For many years Mr. Ross has been an enthusiastic leader in Temperance and Prohibitory move- ments in Canada, and in the House of Com- mons, as well as in the Ontario Legislature, has earnestly advocated the cause of Tem- perance and taken active part in its legis- lation. In 1879 he was elected Most Worthy Patriarch of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North Ame- rica, and for two years presided over their deliberations at Washington and at Cin- cinnati. In Reform politics Mr. Ross has for years been a well known and distin- guished figure. A ready debater and a lucid and incisive speaker he has again and again been of yeoman service to his party and done much to advance the cause of Lib- eralism throughout Ontario. " As a public speaker," remarks the authority we have already quoted, "Mr. Ross has a remark- able faculty of grouping his facts and pre- senting his arguments in clear, logical order, in which we find the influence of his early training as a teacher. He is quick at re- partee, possesses a retentive memory, and a contagious enthusiasm which frequently ex- presses itself in genuine eloquence. He has the ardour and impulsiveness of a Celt com- bined with much prudence and sound judg- ment. He is a living example of the power of continuity of purpose and indomitable will, when linked with intelligence and high motive." Mr. Ross was first elected repre- sentative of West Middlesex in the House of Commons in 1872 ; two years afterwards, at the general election, he was returned by acclamation; he was again returned in the years 1878 and 1882, though in the follow- ing year he was unfortunate to lose his seat in consequence of bribery by agents. In Nov., 1883, he was appointed Minister of Education for Ontario, as successor to the Hon. Adam Crooks, Q.C., and in the follow- ing month was elected to the Legislative Assembly for his present seat, West Middle- sex. To his important office Mr. Ross brings a strong, clear, and well stored mind, wide experience in teaching, a hearty en- thusiasm in educational matters, and ster- ling qualities as a departmental adminis- trator and public officer. He strikes the interviewer at once by his clear-headed prac- ical view of things, and gives the impres- sion of an eminently safe man, a cautious but vigorous administrator, with no fads or crotchets, but with abounding energy, un- flagging purpose, and strong common sense. Mr. Ross married Christina, fourth daughter of Duncan Campbell, Esq., of Middlesex, who however died in 1872. In 1875 he again married, Miss Boston, of Lobo, County- Middlesex, becoming his wife. Sheppard, Edmund, Bowmanville, the subject of this biographical paper, was, born at Newark, Nottinghamshire, England, on the 3rd of February, 1823. His parents were Christopher Hancer Sheppard, and his mother Maria, nee Stevenson. His father it may be said, took a prominent interest in politics in England, and was one of the fore- most supporters of Sergt. Wild, the Reform candidate, who ran in opposition for Newark to Mr. (now the Hon.) W. E. Gladstone, wflio was, in these early days, a Conservative. Our subject received his primary education at Newark, and he afterwards attended Bethany College, Virginia, United States. He was, in early life, a strict member of the Church of England, but, in 1842, he dis- sented, uniting himself with the Christian church (Disciples) in Nottingham. From information published in the historical Atlas of the County of Elgin, and from other sources the following is gleaned respecting our subject : " He is a man of no ordinary cast of mind . . . and it is chiefly be- cause his many friends in Western Ontario will read with interest the plainest facts in his history that they are recorded here. His public labours have been extensive, and mainly in two fields, educational and evan- gelical. Mr. Sheppard was born in Newark, England, in 1823, and emigrated to Canada in the Spring of 1843. He commenced school teaching in the township of Mark- ham, in the year 1844, attended Bethany College for some time, and settled in South Dorchester in 1848. Mr. Sheppard early recognised the importance of our national system of education, and the share of its administration which devolved upon him, was performed with ability and zeal. His first appointment to the office of Local Supt. of Schools was upon the recommendation of Judge Elliott, of London (who had held the office of District Supt.), for North and South Dorchester in 1850. In that year he assisted in organizing the Board of Public Instruction for the United Counties of Mid- dlesex and Elgin. His colleagues were:- Mr. French of London, the late Bishop Cronyn, the late Mr. Silcox of South wold, and the late Judge Wilson. In 1859 he was appointed Supt. of Schools for the East Riding of Elgin, and upon the death of John S. McColl, in March, 1866, he was ap- CA NADIA N BIO GRA PH Y. 45 pointed over the additional territory of West Elgin. The labours of the office for the whole county, with much travelling, lecturing and preaching, severely taxed his health, and, in consequence, he resigned, and in Sept., 1867, was presented by the teachers of the East Riding with a fine tea service and a complimentary address on parchment, expressive of their appreciation and good will ... In 1848 Mr. Shep- pard was married to Miss Nancy Bentley, also of English descent, and a great-great- grand-daughter of a sister of John Bunyan. Although Mr. Sheppard has done much for the cause of education, and has distinguished himself by his lectures on scientific subjects, his life work thus far has been that of the Christian teacher, and he was indeed the pioneer of the people known as the ' Dis- ciples of Christ,' or the Christian Church in Western Ontario. He is affable and in- teresting in conversation, active and able in controversy ; and, in fine, his characteris- tics are those of the earnest and zealous worker,-the man who never forgets friends, nor relaxes his efforts in the cause which he loves." Mr. Sheppard moved to Bow- manville in 1881. In that town he is now pastor of the Church of the Disciples of which the late Hon. John Simpson was a member. His wife died at Bowmanville in February, 1883. His only son, Edmund E. Sheppard, is proprietor and editor of the Toronto News. Our subject has two daughters. One married and is living in South Dorchester ; and one single, living at home. These are all that survive of a family of twelve, most of whom died in infancy. Dwight, Harvey Prentice, was born at Belleville, Jefferson County, New York, on December 23rd, 1828. His father and mother are of New England origin. His father's name was Harvey Pren- tice Dwight. The subject of our sketch was educated at a small country school- house in Oswego County. He left school at 14 to seek his fortune, and was first em- ployed in a small country store, where he remained for three years. He then had an opportunity to learn telegraphy, which was then in its infancy, and held out strong in- ducements to young men. He applied for and secured a position with the Montreal Telegraph Company, in 1847. He was first stationed at Belleville, Ontario, when that place was opened ; and from here he was removed to Montreal, where he became chief operator, occupying this position for three years, until the spring of 1850, when he was sent to Toronto to take charge of the Toronto offices, and in this position he has since remained, the whole business being now under his management. Under his able direction lines have been laid in every por- tion of the country where the roads made it at all practicable to establish them. At the present time Canada stands second to no country in the world with regard to cheapness and efficiency of its telegraph sys- tem. This circumstance, it may be claimed with all justice, is due in a great measure, if not wholly, to the clear sightedness and excellent executive ability of Mr, Dwight. But Mr. Dwight has not confined his busi- ness abilities exclusively to the telegraphic system which owes to him its superb com- pleteness. He has taken a very active part in a number of other important public en- terprises, and is one of the best known men in Canada. Mr. Dwight is a member of the Church of England. His position is such that it has been necessary for him to refrain totally from politics. He was first married to Sarah Hutchinson, of Port Rob- inson, she being of Irish descent. This lady died. He subsequently married Miss Mary Margaret Helliwell, daughter of William Helliwell, a York pioneer. It is seldom that an efficient administrator, who must not regard economy as the least fac- tor in good management, can be thoroughly popular with those around him, yet Mr. Dwight is greatly liked by his large staff of employees, and they would consider no word of eulogy too strong to bestow upon him. Mr. Dwight is one of the capable, active public spirits from whose brain and energy the community is always a great profiler. Crerar, John, Barrister-at-law and County Crown Attorney, Hamilton, was born at Crieff, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1836. His father was a mechanic, possessed of great natural talent, had strong literary tastes, and was a well-known contributor in his own locality, to the journals of his day. Though long dead, his "sayings and doings " are still often quoted in the " reminiscence" columns of the Perthshire newspapers. Our subject was the eldest of five sons, all living with one exception, and occupying promi- nent positions. One is a well-known divine in the Free Church of Scotland (the Rev. Thomas Crerar, M. A., of Leith). This divine has contributed to the literature of Scotland several valuable translations from the German writers on theological subjects. Our subject was educated partly in his na- tive town and partly at the famous " Madras 46 A CYCLOPEDIA OF College" of St. Andrew's. He entered a Scotch law office at an early age, but after three years' study he gave up law, and entered the service of the old Perth Bank, whence he joined the ill-fated City of Glas- gow Bank, in Edinburgh. In 1857, he was induced by the late T. M. Daly, of Strat- ford (a relation by marriage) then M. P. for Perth in the old Parliament of Canada, to come to this country. In the fall of 1857 he received an appointment in the Bank of Montreal. Here he remained for ten years. In 1864, while stationed in the Bank of Montreal, at London, he married Miss Hope, eldest daughter of the late Hon. Adam Hope, Senator of the Dominion. In 1866, at Mr. Hope's suggestion, Mr. Crerar abandoned banking and commenced life afresh, as a law student, in the office of E. J. Parke, Barrister, London, C.W. Subse- quently he studied with S. B. Freeman, at Hamilton, and with R. A. Harrison, after- wards Chief Justice, at Toronto. Mr. Cre- rar carried off the first Law scholarship at Osgoode Hall, in each year of his course ; and in 1871 opened his office as a barrister, in Hamilton, where he now resides, and is the senior partner of the firm of Crerar, Muir & Crerar, Barristers, &c. He is soli- citor for various corporations including the Molsons Bank, in that city, and the firm are reputed to do a large and lucrative law business. From 1872 to 1880 our subject became widely known as an active and trusted member of the Liberal party in politics. Notably a man who has the cou- rage of his opinions, his political platform was rigidly defined and uncompromising. A student, con amore, of political economy, he was ever a pronounced Free-trader of the Cobden and Bright school. Thoroughly familiar with the literature of free-trade, he plunged into the parliamentary campaign of 1878 with singular enthusiasm, and through the press and on a score of platforms throughout Ontario he publicly analysed from the scientific economical point of view propounded by the recognized authorities of Free trade and Protection, the new dogma called the National Policy. His efforts were recognized by the press of his party as an ex- position of trade principles from the Free trade standpoint which for thoroughness and ability were not excelled by those of any platform orator on the Liberal side during that memorable contest. In 1881 Mr. Crerar was appointed County Crown Attorney for the County of Wentworth, which necessarily precluded him from further active work in politics, and it is supposed that he accepted the position with that result specially in view. He is a powerful debater and a man of intense convictions. His views on public questions are given in a way to indicate that the speaker is absolutely indifferent whether these views are popular or unpopu- lar. Immediately preceding his appoint- ment to his present office, he served for a time as an aiderman in Hamilton City Council, where his uncompromising method of dealing with city affairs, purely upon their merits, was fully recognized. Mr. Crerar is a man of prepossessing appearance and possesses many social accomplishments. Himself an actor of great versatility he founded, some ten years ago, the celebrated " Garrick Club " of Hamilton, of which he is now president, a dramatic association whose productions on the stage, on behalf of the charitable institutions of that city, have always been excellent. In the social meetings of the members of his profession, "bar-dinners," our subject is always a prominent figure, his post-prandial speeches being singularly happy and amusing. It is by no means improbable that the subject of our sketch will again take his part in public politics, in which case there is little doubt, but we shall hear of him on the floor of one or other of our Houses of Parliament. He is a Freemason. McKindsey, Honourable G. Milton, Senator of the Dominion, was born in the township of Trafalgar, in the County of Halton, Ontario, on the 29th of March, 1829. He was the son of William McKindsey and Jane McKindsey, both of whom were natives of the north of Ireland, and settled in the County of Hal- ton. Our subject received a careful edu- cation, being at first put under private tutors and afterwards sent to the public schools. Before he reached his twenty-second year he had begun to show much interest in political questions ; and we learn that it was more than once predicted that he would some day be found upon the floor of some legislature. He had no difficulty in making choice of a party, for he found himself a conservative by a sort of instinct. He was always ready to take part in any political movement going on, and before he was twenty-three we find him taking an active part in the election for his county, in which Dr. Hamilton and John White were candi- dates. This time our subject's candidate, Dr. Hamilton, was not successful. Three years later (1854) another election occurred, and Mr. White, who was opposed by Col. George K. Chisholm, found that he had CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 47 to deal likewise with the impassioned young conservative, Mr. McKindsey, and George K. Chisholm was successful, de- feating Mr. White by a majority of over 300. The following year Mr. McKindsey moved to Milton, and in that town he has since continued to reside. In the year {1855) that he removed to Milton he was appointed deputy sheriff of the county, but he was virtually chief official, for Sheriff Wilson lived at some distance upon his farm, and came but once in the week to his office. Three years later, Mr. Wilson resigned, and Mr. McKindsey was promptly pro- moted to the vacant office, by Sir John A. Macdonald. In 1872 Mr. McKindsey felt a strong desire to enter public life, and he contested the county with Mr. White, whom we have already mentioned, but he was defeated by a small majority. In 1882 a general election came round, and Sheriff McKindsey resigned his office to contest the county once again, this time with Mr. Win. McCraney, but he was defeated by 80 votes. This, it may be stated, was not the result of a square issue between reform and conservatism with our subject as its champion, for the liberals introduced into their platform the question of the Scott Act, and brought hundreds across the lines who would otherwise have cast their ballots for the ex-sheriff. Not having formulated any policy upon che issue, our subject honour- ably refused to make any pledges, as he might have done, for the sake of personal advantages. From that time forth he turned his attention, says an article from a provincial newspaper at our hand, towards perfecting the organization of the county, and the success which has attended his efforts in this direction was plainly mani- fested in the late election to the local legis- lature, when Major Kerns was elected by a majority of about 150. The same authority bears this testimony to his personal worth, and the editor of this sketch endorses every word of it, and could find himself justified in saying more : " Mr. McKindsey is a gentleman of the strictest integrity, unsul- lied reputation and untarnished honour, highly qualified by intellectual attainments and social qualities for the important posi- tion [his appointment to the Senate-Ed.] to which he has been raised. With keen perceptions, excellent judgment and high moral charactor, his appointment is looked upon with universal favour." Our subject married at Brockville, on the 19th of Octo- ber, 1859, Teresa, daughter of John Craw- ford. He has one child. Mr. McKindsey has likewise been a justice of the peace for the county, a captain in the militia, and president of the Agricultural Association of the County of Halton. He was called to the Senate on the 12th January, 1884, and at once takes his place as one of the ablest legislators in that body. Burbidge, George Wheelock, Q.C., Deputy Minister of Justice for Can- ada, Solicitor of Indian Affairs, and one of the foremost members of the bar, was born at Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, on the 6th Feb- ruary, 1847. His father was Arnold Shaw Burbidge, of Cornwallis, and his mother, Lydia Amelia, daughter of David Eaton. Our subject was educated at Mount Allison Wesleyan College, where he took the degree of B.A., in 1864 ; and, in 1867, the degree of M.A. In June, 1871, he was called to the bar of New Brunswick, and practised his profession at Saint John, N.B., as a member of the firm of Harrison & Burbidge. On the 5th of February, 1873, he mar- ried Alice E. Maxwell, the third daughter of Henry Maxwell, of Saint John, N. B. He was Secretary to the Commissioners for con- solidating the laws of New Brunswick, which completed its work in 1877. In 1882 he was appointed to the position of deputy of the Minister of Justice and Solicitor of Indian Affairs ; and in 1883 he was selected as one of the commissioners to consolidate and revise the statutes of Canada. The most notable cases in which he has been engaged, since he became Deputy Minister of Justice, was the Liquor License Act case, which the late Mr. Bethune, Q.C., and he, for the Government of Canada, argued before the Supreme Court of Canada in September, 1884 ; and the trials of Riel and the other rebel prisoners, in which he was associated with Christopher Robinson, Q.C. ; B. B. Osler, Q.C. ; D. L. Scott, and T. Chase Casgrain, as counsel for the Crown. In all these cases, as well as in the record of his earlier legal career, Mr. Burbidge has re- vealed legal attainments of no ordinary kind ; and especially has he given evidence of the judicial quality which stands more in his line of duty as deputy in the Depart- ment of Justice. His appointment, the editor takes pleasure in saying, was not due to the political pressure which sometimes makes mermen of fishes by order-in-council, but because of the eminent fitness for such an important place, which his career as a man and as a lawyer had revealed. Mr. Burbidge has a family of six children. In religion he professes the doctrines of the Methodist faith. 48 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Macpherson, Honourable Sir David Lewis, K. 0. M. G., P.O., To- ronto, was born in Scotland on the 12th of September, 1818. He comes of an ancient and sturdy Scottish family, and in the markedly successful career which has been his, exhibits the characteristics of his race. Our subject went to school in Scotland, and completed his education at the In- verness Royal Academy. In 1835, with the thousands of others who were at this time turning their faces toward the New World, he set sail, resolved to try his for- tune in Canada. Here was a new coun- try large with promise and holding out en- couraging, nay, beseeching hands to courage and enterprise. Young Macpherson was just the man for such a field. It would be difficult at this distance to lay hold of every fact which would show the main-springs of his success ; but the chief results stand out. Early in his career he took an earnest in- terest in public questions ; and in 1864, three years before Confederation, at the solicitation of many, friends he offered him- self, and was successful for the Saugeen Division. Lower Canada. He held his seat in the old Canadian Parliament as member for Saugeen, till 1867, when he was called by Royal Proclamation to the Senate. He had now amassed much wealth, was promi- nently connected with enterprises of na- tional importance, and stood in high repute among his fellow-countrymen. It will be remembered that after the passage of the Act authorising the Canadian Government to enter into contract with any Company for the building of a railway from ocean to ocean, under the terms of the agreement with British Columbia, Mr. Macpherson was the means of forming, and was appointed president of an association known as the Interoceanic Railway Company incorporated for the purpose of constructing this great railway. The Government, however, did not conclude terms with the company, but gave the preference, subsequently, to the organization under the control of Sir Hugh Allan. Early in his commercial career Mr. Macpherson associated himself with the well-known firm of Gzowski & Co., con- tractors, who, it will be remembered, con- structed several branches of Canadian rail- ways, and other important works. Mr. Macpherson's judgment upon public ques- tions, especially those relating to finance, commerce and kindred subjects, have al- ways been held in the highest regard. In 1868, he was appointed arbitrator for the Province of Ontario, under the British North America Act, "for the division and adjustment of the debts, credits, liabilities- and properties of Upper and Lower Canada." He was likewise vice-president of the Mon- treal Board of Trade. He has taken a deep interest in several social organizations and commercial institutions. He is a direc- tor • of Molsons Bank ; of the Western Canada Permanent Loan and Savings Com- pany ; of the Guarantee Company of North America, and has been president of the St. Andrew's Society, Toronto. Mr. Macpher- son has exhibited a special talent for con- troversy on financial and commercial ques- tions ; his contributions to the literature on these matters have been very important. In 1869, he published a sound, lucid and comprehensive pamphlet on Banking and Currency ; and between the years of 1877 and 1882, he published a number of works on kindred topics, dealing in the same searching and satisfactory manner with questions relating to public expenditure. On the 10th of February, 1880, Mr. Mac- pherson was appointed Speaker of the Senate, and member of the Executive Coun- cil without portfolio, and this position he held till the 17th of October, 1883, when he resigned the speakership and was appointed Minister of the Interior. His long and im- portant services in the country, both in poli- tics and commerce, pointed him out as one deserving of such additional honour as the Crown is in the habit of bestowing upon those who have served in the state honour- ably and with success, therefore, it was with no surprise that, in 1884, it was learned that Her Majesty had been pleased to con- fer the order of Knighthood upon the Honourable Mr. Macpherson. Our subject married in June, 1844, Miss Elizabeth Sarah, eldest daughter of William Molson, Esquire, of Montreal, and grand-daughter of the Hon. John Molson, who had been a member of the Executive Council of Lower Canada, and president of the Bank of Mon- treal. Latterly Sir David's health has not been good, and he has been obliged to re- sign (1885) his position as Minister of the Interior, and seek rest abroad from the gnawing cares of political and commercial business. Sir David is very tall, and has a dignified and commanding appearance. One of his daughters, Miss Isabel, is married to the Hon. George Kirkpatrick, Speaker of the House of Commons. Lee, Walter Sutherland, was bon; in Toronto, on October 18th, 1836. His father was Joseph Lee, who with his wife, the mother of the subject of cur sketch, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 49 came from London, England, to Canada in 1832, and settled in Toronto. His father kept what was known as " East York Store," dealing in general merchan- dise, and did a very extensive business. He was one of the first settlers, and served on the aldermanic Board for a number of years. He took an active part in all the public movements of those days. He was a Captain of Militia, taking part in quell- ing the troubles of 1837. He died in 1863. His wife, the mother of our subject, is still living. Walter Sutherland Lee was edu- cated at Mr. James R. Mair's private acad- emy, which he left when he reached his fourteenth year. He then went into the office of Mr. John Maulson, and learnt the business of accountant ; and in 1855 en- tered the gas office as cashier, where he re- mained till 1864. Then he became manager of the Western Canada Loan and Savings Company, which position he has held ever since. This establishment, it is hardly neces- sary to say, is one of the solidest, most ex- tensive and widely-known of its class in the country. He was a member of the first Rifle Volunteers in Toronto, and holds a captaincy now in the 7th Company of the Reserve Militia. He has been a member of the School Board since 1868, and was chair- man for two years, 1874-75. He was for years a director of the Mechanics' Institute, and president for two years, 1880-81. He has been a director of the Industrial Exhibition since 1877, and of this institution, it may be said, he was one of the early promoters. He was likewise one of the provisional di- rectors of the Dominion Bank, a director of the St. Lawrence Foundry, and a director of the Confederation Life Association. He was elected a trustee of the General Hos- pital, 1877, 1879, and re-elected each year since. He has always taken a very deep in- terest in education, and the past four years has been chairman of the Collegiate Insti- tute. In 1858 he entered the Freemasons' Order, King Solomon's Lodge, and is a Past Master, Royal Arch and Knights Templar. Mr. Lee has enlarged his experience, and widened his observation by travel abroad. He has visited England, Scotland, Ireland, France and the United States. In religion he is, as his ancestors have been, a member of the Church of England. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and takes great interest in public questions. On February 2nd, 1860, he married Miss Emma Mary Leuty, whose father was a retired English gentleman, who came to this country in 1831. In social life he is genial and kindly hearted, and has hosts of warm friends. Macdonald, A.A., Dr.-Albert Angus Macdonald, Toronto, was born on February 7th, 1851, at Cobourg. His father, Archi- bald Macdonald, was judge of the County Court, County of Wellington, and was a native of Cobourg, being a son of Captain Archibald Macdonald, of the 8th Regiment of Foot. His mother was a daughter of Rev. David Wright, whose parents were U. E. Loyalists, and who formerly settled in the Bay of Qiiinte region. The distin- guished subject of this sketch was educated at Guelph, and then at Toronto University, graduating in medicine in 1872. He studied at St. Thomas's Hospital, London, England, and at Edinburgh, and took diplomas at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Edinburgh, in 1873. He had, from his earliest years, set his heart upon being a medical man. Although studious of habit, he took a very active part in sports, being always very fond of hunting and rifle shoot- ing, and was a member of the first Canadian Wimbledon team. Late in 1873, he re- turned to Canada, and was associated with Dr. Keating, of Guelph, and did a large general practice. He arrived in Toronto in 1878, and has been practising his profes- sion in that city ever since, each year with increasing success, till now he has one of the largest practices established in the Queen City. He took a first class certificate at the Infantry School, being with the 60th and 29th Regiments, also a first class certi- ficate in the Artillery School under Colonel Williams. He was surgeon to the Welling- ton Field Battery of Artillery from 1872 to 1879, since which time he has been sur- geon to the Toronto Field Battery. He is on the active stall of the Toronto General Hospital, and on the consulting staff of the Infants' Home and Orphans' Home. In re- ligion he is an Episcopalian, and in politics a Conservative. He was married, on May 25th, 1876, to Frances Elizabeth Beard- more, daughter of G. L. Beardmore, of To- ronto, and has three children, two girls and one boy. The doctor is possessed of great energy, and has strong convictions, and when he makes up his mind, after proper deliber- ation, he does not change. He is successful as a professional man, and a social favourite. Daly, Malachy Bowes, M.P. for Halifax, and Deputy Speaker and chair- man of Committees of the House of Com- mons, was born at Marchmount, near Que- bec, on the 6th of February, 1836. Mr. Daly comes of an old and very honourable Irish family. He is a son of Sir Dominick Daly, who was for a quarter of a century Colonial Secretary in the old Canadian Legis- 50 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF lature. During this period he represented Megantic. He was subsequently appointed Governor of Tobago, and afterwards of Prince Edward Island. He was likewise Governor-in-Chief of South Australia. He married Maria Gore, a daughter of Colonel Gore of Barrowmount, County Kilkenny, Ireland. Our subject was educated at St. Mary's College, Oscott, near Birming- ham, England. Having completed his edu- cation and returned home, he was entered in a barrister's office, and began a study of the law. In 1864 he was called to the bar of Nova Scotia. He did not apply himself continuously to the practice of his pro- fession, but was private secretary to his father, who was Governor of Prince Edward Island, for six years. He likewise became private secretary to Sir R. G. Macdonnell, Governor of Nova Scotia, and also to Sir Hast- ings Doyle. He was likewise provincial A.D. C. to Sir Fenwick Williams, the " Hero of Kars," during the time that that illustrious officer was Governor of Nova Scotia. Mr. Daly always took an active part in benevo- lent work, and his purse has never been closed to the demands of the poor. He was for two successive years president of the Charitable Irish Society of Halifax ; and at the time of writing is president of the Gen- eral Council of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul of Halifax. Naturally enough, Mr. Daly, whose father had spent twenty-five years as a representative in Parliament, and held during that period so important a place in the Government, turned his eyes towards Parliament. In 1878, the year that swept Mr. Alex. Mackenzie's government out of existence, our subject presented himself to the public of Halifax and was elected. He is and always has been, as his father was, somewhat of the old school of politics-a staunch Conservative. Yet, like his father, he is not innoculated with party virus ; con- sidering that he has gone far enough when he has proclaimed his allegiance, thrown his vote in favour of the measure which both he and his party think is for the public interest. At the last general election Mr. Daly was again elected. He married at Halifax, on the 4th of July, 1859, Miss Joanna, second daughter of Sir Edward Kenny, of Halifax, and formerly a member of Sir John A. Mac- donald's administration. Early in the season of 1885 it was considered desirable to appoint a deputy speaker and chairman of com- mittees to share with the Speaker the on- erous duties of the chair. This is the English custom, yet, of course, some honour- able gentlemen who oppose the Government criticised the appointment. Mr. Blake took exception, not to the creation of the office, but to the manner in which the Prime Min- ister was proceeding to create it. The speakership or deputy speakership is part of the machinery of the constitution ; and this machinery cannot be changed, increased or diminished except by Act of Parliament. But Sir John was proceeding to create the office, by resolution of the House, when Mr. Blake tripped him, and as he could not help himself, accepted Mr. Blake's sugges- tions. Mr. Daly was elected unanimously by the House, and has proven to be an ex- cellent chairman. His judgment is good, and his temper, even under great provoca- tion, most excellent. Mackenzie, William Innes, Tor- onto, was born in the County of Ross, Scot- land, in A.D. 1824. His parents were Captain James Mackenzie and Grace Innes, daughter of the late Dr. Alex. Innes, of Loggie, County of Ross, Scotland. Captain James Mackenzie, of Ard-Chronie (name of farm) County Ross, Scotland, was a cap- tain and adjutant of the 78th Royal High- landers, and retired to his farm from the army on half pay, where he resided till his death, leaving a family of six boys and six girls. Our subject was the fourth son. He was educated in the Royal Academy, in the town of Tain, Scotland, and received a tho- rough education. After leaving school he entered under an indenture of apprentice- ship in the North of Scotland Bank, and served his full term of three years in that institution, and through his closeness and persevering attention to business, raised himself from position to position until he was appointed accountant, and was sta- tioned at the town of Elgin, Scotland, where he remained until 1848. In that year he left Scotland and came to Canada, to which country the majority of the family had already gone and settled in Hamilton. After arriving in Hamilton he entered into the employ of the famous A. & T. C. Kerr, wholesale dry goods, as head book-keeper. He remained with this firm for two years, then left and bought out the retail dry goods business of A. & G. McKeand, in part- nership with Thomas Balmer. After re- maining for a short time in business, he dissolved partnership and went to New York, United States of America. After spending some time in New York, he was appointed to a branch of the business of Messrs. Daniel, Elgin & Co., Mobile, Ala- bama. In 1853 he came back to Canada, having entered the wholesale firm of Kerr, CANA DIA N BIO GBA PH Y. 51 Mackenzie & Co., of London and Hamilton, and assisted his brother, John I. Mackenzie, in winding up the retail business in In- gersoll, of which John I. Mackenzie was pro- prietor. After closing up this business, in 1857, he entered the employ as financial manager of the great contractor, Samuel C. Ridley, of Hamilton, and assisted in the building of the St. Catharines viaduct, the ballasting of the Great Western Railway, the finishing of the Sarnia branch and the western, forty-eight miles of the Detroit and Milwaukee Railway, with the wharves and elevators at Detroit and Grand Haven. The eventful non-payment of the money ad- vanced to the Great Western Railway by the Commercial Bank was the cause of the downfall of the latter institution. In the meantime Mr. Mackenzie went to Eng- land and joined Mr. Ridley, who had pre- viously gone there and secured contracts in Hampshire, and also the main drainage in the city of London, Mr. Mackenzie being manager of the partnership of Messrs. Ridley & Webster. He remained there until 1871, when he returned to Canada; but before his return he also managed the construction of the celebrated Thames embankment, one of the most wonderful works in the world. The first division of this work cost £530,000 sterling. He also travelled through the principal parts of the Continent, and was in England at the time of the Franco-Prussian war. After his return he entered into partner- ship with the late John Shedden (pro- prietor of the Shedden Transfer & Cart- ing Co.), and was engaged in the building of the Northern Division of the Toronto Grey & Bruce R. R. to Owen Sound, and again the division from Mount Forest to Harriston. In 1873, during the building of this road, Mr. Shedden was killed on the Nipissing R. R. However, the partnership still existed under the original name of Mackenzie & Co. In 1874 the Toronto, Grey & Bruce Company failed to pay the advances made by Mackenzie & Co., and they became insolvent. By the insolvency Mr. Mackenzie lost his entire fortune.' He surrendered everything he owned to his late partner (Mr. Shedden's) executors, on con- dition that he would be released from fur- ther liability, which offer the executors accepted. Instead of being discouraged by the great loss, Mr. Mackenzie at once began to accumulate another fortune, and after different ventures was appointed manager of the Toronto House Building Association, afterwards changed to the name of the Land Security Co., which position he now holds, and as a proof of his push and ener- gy, we can look upon one instance, viz.:- Mr. Mackenzie was the main mover in the purchase of the G wynne estate and the O'Hara estate on which the town of Park- dale now stands, and his (Mr. Mackenzie's) company were the builders of the principal part of the place, and through his exertions the town has risen from a mere hamlet to one of the finest suburbs of the city of Tor- onto. Mr. Mackenzie, both outside and in public meetings, has been called and ad- dressed as the Father of Parkdale. With regard to the company, Mr. Mackenzie has, through his indomitable and persistent pluck and push, raised it to the position of being the foremost in Toronto, and their suite of offices are really a credit to this city. The building in which they are belongs to the company, and is known as the Vic- toria Chambers, situated on Victoria St. In 1885 the residents of St. Mark's Ward, Toronto, elected him aiderman to represent them in the City Council. He was mar- ried in 1855 to Euphemia Grieve, daughter of the late Geo. Grieve, coal owner, of Aber- dour, Fifeshire, Scotland, and at her present age she is a tall, stately dignified lady, and of a kindly disposition, besides very affec- tionate and motherly. By this marriage there are seven children-three boys and four girls. Mr. George G. Mackenzie, the eldest son, being head book-keeper in the Land Security Co. He is a shrewd business man. The second son, Mr. Samuel R. Mac- kenzie, studied the drug business, and is now the manager of the largest drug estab- lishment in Montreal, and one of the hand- somest places in Canada, known as the Medical Hall, Windsor Hotel, Montreal. A brother of the subject of the sketch, Mr. Campbell Mackenzie, is now the managing partner of the Shedden Co., Toronto. Mr. Mackenzie has a shrewd, keen look, and is held in high esteem by all with whom he comes in contact, and outside of business he is sociable and kindly, as all those who visit his fine residence, known as Ardchronie, on Delaware ave., can testify. He belongs to the Freemasons ; in religion is a Presby- terian, and in politics a Liberal. Mackintosh, Charles Herbert, M P. for City of Ottawa, was born at Lon- don, Ontario, in 1843. He is a son of Captain William Mackintosh, of Wicklow, Ireland, who came to Canada as an attache of the Ordnance Branch of the British army. He was subsequently county engineer of Middlesex, Ontario. It may be said that 52 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF our subject is related to the celebrated Sir James Mackintosh, the essayist and his- torian. Mr. C. Mackintosh received his education at the Galt Grammar school and at the Academy of Caradoc. Having com- pleted his education, young Mackintosh began a study of the law, but he never took sympathetically to this calling. He always had a strong inclination for literary pur- suits ; and his boyish brilliancy was the sub- ject of much comment and admiration. When he was seventeen years old he wrote " Welcome to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales." and this contribution was deservedly popular. It was presented during the visit of His Royal Highness to Upper Canada. Two years later he wrote "Hurry-Graphs." which appeared in the London Free Press under the pen name of "Fat Contributor." At this period Mr. Mackintosh wrote with an ex- tremely facile and sparkling pen, and his work, whether signed or under nom de plume, attracted comment and commendation. After a little he became city editor of the Free Press, and gave up studying law. In 1864 he became chief editor of the Hamilton Times, and the year following began the publica- tion of the Strathroy Dispatch. This paper he continued to publish until 1874, when he sold it out. In 1871 he wrote " The Chicago Fire," which had a large sale ; and in 1873 he produced " The Financial Panic in the United States and its Causes." In 1873 Mr. Mackintosh was managing editor of the Chicago Journal of Commerce, having taken that position in order to study the question of protection. The following year he took up his abode in Ottawa, and became editor of the Ottawa Daily Citizen. From 1877 to 1882 he edited the " Parliamentry Com- panion." During the fall of 1882 he visited England, where some months were spent in forwarding the interests of the railway enterprises in which he is interested ; but Mr. Mackintosh never permitted his time or vitality to be absorbed by one un- dertaking. Being of unusual mental alert- ness, he is careful to keep divers irons in the fire at once. During the years 1876 and 1877 he published a number of pam- phlets containing speeches, etc., on the question of protection, which at this time was engrossing public attention. In 1875 he was awarded the gold and silver medal for a prose poem at the Cornwall Centennial. Looking backward a little we find him in 1871 founding the Parkhill Gazette; and two years later he is sitting in the Town Council of Strathroy. In 1879 he resolved hat he would capture the civic honours of Ottawa. He did not deceive himself. He was elected mayor, and re-elected for the two succeeding years. In 1881 he was unseated on a technicality, but elected again. In 1879 he was chairman of the Dominion Exhibi- tion, and in 1881 president of the Agricul- tural Association. He is at present presi- dent of the Ottawa Colonization Railway, and Ottawa and Gatineau Valley Railway, and of the Citizen Printing and Publish- ing Company. In 1871 he sought elec- tion to the Legislative Assembly of On- tario, for North Middlesex, but was unsuc- cessful. At the last general election (1882) he was chosen as the parliamentary repre- sentative for the City of Ottawa, his col- league being Mr Tasse'. Mr. Mackintosh married on April 7th, 1868, Miss Gertrude, daughter of T. Cooke, Esq., J.P., of Strath- roy. Our subject, it may be said, without claiming for him the empty title that so many a man cheaply gets, is emphatically, what he is styled, "The Workingman's Champion." He is popular, however, with every section of the community, and his popularity is derived from his affable, hearty and genial manner, and the genuine zeal that he brings into the cause which he advocates. He is a sound Conservative, and everybody knows that Mr. Mackintosh has opinions of his own, and that he has both the courage and the ability to express them. Turner, John, the subject of this sketch, was born on November 28th, 1828 at Eynsford, Kent, England. His father' William Turner, was a paper manufacturer of that town, and died in 1844. John Turner was educated at a private school in Wales. When his studies were terminated he was apprenticed in a wholesale grocery business at Kingscliffe, Northampton. On the death of his father he was thrown upon his own resources, and has won his own way in the world. After the expiry of his ap- prenticeship, he managed a branch estab- lishment near Peterborough, and shortly afterwards, having married young, decided that a new country was the best field for his ambition. So he came to Canada in 1855, and settled in Toronto on May 25th, 1855, a perfect stranger. He took a position in a little while with the late John McGee, Phoenix Foundry, where he remained for two years; after which he received a position as Assistant Cham- berlain, succeeding Mr. John Boyd, and occupied this situation for seven years. He then joined in partnership in shoe manu- facturing, the firm of Sessions, Carpenter & Co. On Mr. Carpenter retiring, the firm CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 53 stood as Sessions, Turner & Co. On Mr. Session's death, Mr. Cooper became a mem- ber of the firm. Mr. Turner subsequently- retired and entered business with Mr. Tol- free, as John Turner & Co. He remained in business till the crisis in the shoe trade occurred, during which the firm went under. It is worthy of remark that 70% of the shoe men of both the United States and Canada followed suit. He remained out of business till four years ago, when he again resumed the shoe trade, the firm being styled Turner, Valiant & Co. This firm has the credit of manufacturing the finest boots and shoes outside of Boston and New York that are to be found for sale. In 1871, Mr. Turner was elected to the City Council, represent- ing St. George's Ward, and was immediately appointed chairman of the Finance Commit- tee, a circumstance quite exceptional for a new member. Mr. Turner served since that time, with one or two brief intervals, to January, 1885. It may be noted that Mr. Turner has, on every occasion since entering the Council, been elected Chair- man of Finance Committee. For 1882-83 and 1884 he was Chairman of the Board of Works. In 1871, he introduced a scheme for consolidating the debt of the city, which was successful. Owing to the liberality with which the following Council made their appropriations for general pur- poses, it -was necessary for Mr. T. to seek to consolidate the debt a second time. This was in 1877 ; and by wise and judicious manipulation he was again successful. To Mr. Turner is due, in an exceedingly large measure, the success that has attended the erection of the present Industrial Exhibi- tion buildings. In 1872 he found that the street arrangements were in a deplorable condition, and at once set to work to re- medy the evil. He took a very active part in promoting the local improvement bill, the effect of which is noticeable in the im- proved condition of the streets, both as respects cleanliness and paving. During his whole career he has never shirked re- sponsibility. In 1875 he contested the seat for West Toronto, in the Reform interest, and was defeated by 350 of a majority. Mr. Robinson, the present Lieut.-Governor of Ontario, was his opponent, and the defeat was due, it is said, to the apathy of his party. He has the name of being a fluent and ready speaker, and can be bitterly severe and sar- castic on occasion. As he grows older he cares less for the various positions which many people are anxious that he should oc- cupy. He was for many years a member of the Congregational body, and is now a mem- ber of the Episcopal Church. For 20 years he strove for the Reform party, but on the in- troduction of the National Policy, as a manufacturer, with large interests at stake, he gave his adherence to the scheme. There is little doubt, if he desired it, but he could be returned in the next general election in the Conservative interests. He was married first in 1851, in England, but his wife died six months after marriage. He married a second time in 1854, and. in 1858 his second wife died. In 1878 he again married, this time the widow of the late Dr. Hampton, who was a daughter of John Taylor, of Tay- lor Bros., she also died in 1881. By the lat- ter wife he has two children. Mr. Turner is in independent circumstances, is generous in his dealings, and affable and kindly in private and public life. Blake, the Honourable William Hume, was one of the Blakes of Cashel- grove, in the County of Galway. Dominick Edward Blake, one of the family represen- tatives about the middle of the last century, married the Hon. Miss Netterville, daughter of Lord Netterville, of Drogheda. When she died he took for his second wife a daughter of Sir Joseph Hoare, Baronet, of Annabella, in the County of York. William Hume Blake was the son of Rev. D. E. Blake, by his wife, Miss Hume. He was born at the rectory, in Kiltegan, Wicklow, on the 10th of March, 1809. After gradu- ating from Trinity College, Dublin, he began a study of surgery, under Surgeon- General Sir Philip Crampton. But surgery, with its dissecting-room jokes and frequent brutalities was not to his taste, so he aban- doned the calling and began the study of theology,with a view to entering the church, as his elder brother, Dominick Edward, had done. Before his studies were com- pleted, however, he married his cousin, Miss Catharine Hume, and a little later, in company with his elder brother, he emi- grated to Canada. The reason given for the emigration of these two brothers are that at home their prospects were not bril- liant ; whereas strong pressure had been brought to bear upon them to come to Canada by Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant- Governor of Upper Canada. The elder brother was appointed to a rectory in the township of Adelaide ; the younger pur- chased a farm near by, at a place now called Sydenham river, near Mount Hope, in Middlesex. One writer says : "With what- ever romantic ideas of the delights of such a life Hume Blake had determined on mak- 54 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ing Canada his home, they were soon dis- pelled by the rough experiences of reality. The settler in the remotest sections of On- tario to-day has no conceptions of the struggles and hardships that fell to the lot of men who, accustomed to all the refine- ments of life, found themselves cut off from all traces of civilization in a land, since settled and cultivated, but then so wild that between what are now populous cities there existed only an Indian trail through the forest. Mr. Blake was not a man to be easily discouraged, but soon found that his talents were being wasted in the wilderness. In after years he was fond of telling of the rude experiences of life in the bush, and among other incidents, how that he had, on one occasion, walked to the blacksmith's shop, before mentioned, to obtain a supply of harrow-pins, and finding them too heavy to carry, had fastened them to a chain which he put round his neck and so dragged them home through the woods." While the eld- est son, Dominick Edward, was a baby, the family moved to Toronto, then called York, where Mr. Hume Blake, who had tried sur- gery and divinity in turn, now resolved to enter the profession of the law. He ac- cordingly commenced his studies in the office of the late Mr. Washburn. When the rebellion broke out in 1837, he was ap- pointed paymaster at Toronto ; the follow- ing year he was called to the bar of Upper Canada. The men he had there for rivals, and among whom and against whom he had to win his way, were Mr. Draper, Henry J. Boulton, R. B. Sullivan, Mr. Hagarty, Robert Baldwin, John Hillyard Cameron. " Mr. Blake," says another writer, "soon proved his ability to hold his own against all comers. He enjoyed some personal advantages which stood him in good stead, both while he was fight- ing his way and afterwards. His tall, handsome person and fine open face, his felicitous language and bold manly utter- ance gained him at once the full attention of both court and jury ; and his vigorous grasp of the whole case under discussion, his acute, logical dissection of the evidence, and the thorough earnestness with which he always threw himself into his client's case swept everything before them." He was perhaps the most successful lawyer of that day at the bar. Above all was he over- whelming before juries. There are hun- dreds yet living in Toronto, who remember that when the insurance companies prose- cuted Webb for arson and contended that rubber was J incombustible, and would not communicate fire, how Mr. Blake, in the open court, took a pile of rubber and burnt it before judges and jury, thus undermining the case of the plaintiff, and obtaining the acquittal of the prisoner, Webb. There was strong evidence against Webb, how- ever, and there was, perhaps, nobody who was not morally convinced that he was the incendiary ; so that no one could rejoice at his escape from justice, even while they did pay homage to the ability of his liberator. In 1844 Mr. Blake presented himself as the candidate for the Second Riding of York, and now the County of Peel, but was de- feated by his Tory opponent, Mr. George Duggan. During his absence in England, in 1847, he was chosen by a large majority for East York, and now the County of On- tario. The general election in this year de- cided to a great extent the fate of iron-clad toryism in Canada and its supporters be- ing swept from power, the Baldwin-La- fontaine Ministry took the reins. In this administration Mr. Blake became Solicitor- General, and when he arose to speak in the House it was felt that in genuine eloquence, regarding all that that term implies-pas- sion, pathos, humour, sarcasm, irony, scorn, force-he was without a peer on the floor of the Legislature. The Court of Chancery, which had for so many years been a re- proach to the judiciary, was ieformed by the Baldwin-Lafontaine Government ; and to the Vice-Chancellorship Mr. Blake was ap- pointed in November, 1849. He died in Toronto on the 17th of November, 1870. It need hardly be said that he was the father of the present Reform leader. Macdonald, Hon. John Sand- field, Cornwall, was descended from a Highland family of much antiquity and re- spectability, and was born at St. Raphael, on December 12th, 1812. His father, Alexan- der Macdonald, is said to have swallowed Solomon's maxim of "spare the rod and spoil the child," and the discipline to which he subjected young John Sandfield was of such a nature that the high-spirited lad frequently ran away from home. The first of these excursions took place before he had completed his eleventh year. He was pursued by his irate parent, and con- veyed back again to his home ; but he soon made a second attempt, with a similar result. His second capture was effected at Cornwall, just when he was in the very act of negotiating with an Indian to convey him across the river in a canoe. His entire capital at this time was a quarter of a dol- lar, and the noble savage was disposed to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 55 hold out for double that sum. The negotia- tion was abruptly put an end to by the arrival of the father in pursuit of his prodi- gal son. Subsequently the lad became a clerk in a store at Cornwall, but became disgusted with an occupation which he so often heard characterised as that of a "counter-hopper." He, therefore, set his face in another direction. He went to school at Cornwall, and afterwards studied law in the office of Mr. McLean, of Cornwall. He finished his legal studies in the office of Mr. Draper, afterwards chief justice of Upper Canada. He was first elected to Par- liament after the union in March, 1841. In the last Parliament there were two beside himself, Sir Henry Smith and the Honour- able W. H. Merritt. Lord Sydenham had been sent out to carry the union into effect; and with that view too many of the Lower Canada elections, where the people had been opposed to the union, were carried by violence. Mr. Cuvillier, the nominee of the Government, was elected speaker, in opposition to Sir Allan MacNab. And here it may be remarked that, in Canada, a speaker seldom retains his seat, as such, more than one parliament. Every new House of Assembly elects its own speaker ; so that there are often several ex-speakers in the prime of political life, who return, contrary to the English practice, to the floor of the house. The government was a mix- ture of politicians of different shades of opinion. The legislature was not free from placemen ; and the government was not conducted by heads of departments who possessed the confidence of the represent- atives of the people. Neither the head of the crown lands office nor the surveyor- general was a member of the Executive Council. Family-compact Toryism had ac- quired a subdued tone in official circles, in consequence of the despatch of Lord John Russell, sent out in 1839, in which the alternative of supporting the government or retiring from their places was held out to the officials who had seats in either branches of the legislature. Mr. Macdonald was opposed to the government; but he was an Upper Canadian, and was far from being cordial with Sir Allan MacNab, the opposi- tion leader for that section of the country. The rebellion, of which the effects had not passed away, had reduced everything to a question of loyalty and allegiance, especially in that part of central Canada which Mr. Macdonald represented. His position was a peculiar one. He voted with the Upper Canada Conservatives and the Lower Can- ada French leaders against the government ; but he never attended a Tory " caucus," as party meetings are called in America, much less had he any intimate alliance with the Lower Canada opposition. In 1848, 1852 and 1854, Mr. Macdonald was elected without a contest in his old con- stituency of Glengarry. In the latter part of the year 1849, he was appointed solicitor-general under the Lafontaine-Bald- win administration, which office he held till the breaking up of that government in the autumn of 1851. He was elected speaker in Quebec in 1852, and held that position till the dissolution in 1854. In 1858 he was attorney-general in the Brown-Dorion government. In 1857 he was elected for Cornwall, his brother, D. A. Macdonald, succeeding him in the county, and this year was again returned for that town. He was one of the few Upper Canadians who was per- sistently opposed to representation by popu- lation ; and although a Roman Catholic, he was never an advocate of separate schools. His opposition to them brought down upon him the censure of the priests ; but although they from the altar recommended the elec- tors to vote for Protestant candidates in preference to him, that recommendation was ever disregarded by the Highlanders. In 1862, on the defeat of the Cartier-Mac- donald administration, Mr. Macdonald was called upon to form a government, which he succeeded in doing, Mr. Sicotte being the leader of the Lower Canada section of the Cabinet. In 1864, having resigned the seals, after the completion of Confederation, to which he was, by the way, strenuously opposed, he was called upon to form an ad- ministration in Ontario. In 1871 he retired from public life, and died the following year at his residence, Ivy Hall, in Cornwall. In 1840 he married a lady from Louisiana, the daughter of a United States Senator, who owned a large plantation of negroes, and who was shot dead in a duel in 1843. Maughan, John, Toronto, Insurance Agent, the oldest in the service in Torento, was born at Markham, Ontario, on the 19th October, 1835. He is the son of John Maughan, of the Commissariat Department of Her Majesty's service, and Euphemia Stein, his wife, who was born in Dublin, and educated in Edinburgh, of Blackhall, Clackmananshire, Scotland, and grandson of Robert Maughan, Inspector-General of Taxes and Deputy Controller of Excise for Scotland. He was educated at private academies, and at Knox College, and left off studies in 1851, and commenced the study 56 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF of law in the offices of Mr. Mowat and Mr. Helliwell, barristers, etc. He remained only one year with the legal firms named, and joined the Western Assurance Co. in 1852. He remained with this company for some years, and rose to the position of assistant- manager ; and in 1871 was appointed mana- ger of the Isolated Risk Insurance Co. He left that company to join the Royal Insur- ance Company in 1880, and is now its chief agent in Toronto. He joined the 4th Bat- talion, Militia, in 1856, (under Col. R. L. Denison), as ensign, and holds commission as captain from Sir Edmund Head, late Governor of Canada. He passed through the Military School, and holds a certificate dated 28th Sept., 1866. He is a member of the Church, of England. He married in 1863 Miss M. E. Parks, a daughter of C. G. Parks, Esq., of Waterdown, Ontario, formerly of Belfast, Ireland, by which lady he has five sons and two daughters. He was elected school trustee in 1880 and 1881, and aiderman for St. George's Ward in 1882, and re-elected in 1883,1884 and 1885. Mr. Maughan's personal appearance is in itself a guarantee for the integrity of his character. He is highly respected by all with whom he comes in contact, and has that which King Macbeth could not have, " love, honour, and troops of friends." Mr. Maughan is very fond of outdoor sports, and is quite an adept at cricket, boating, shooting, etc. McKcIlar, Archibald, Sheriff of the County Wentworth, was born in Glenshire, three miles from Inverary Castle, Argyle- shire, on the 3rd February, 1816. Glen- shire belonged to the estate of the Duke of Argyle. Peter McKellar and Flora Mac- Nab, were our subject's parents, and they occupied a farm on the estate of the Duke of Argyle, but seeing that there was little or no prospect of advancement, or of acquiring land of their own in Scotland, they emi- grated to Canada in 1817, accompanied by Mrs. McKellar's father and mother, brother and two sisters. After spending nine weeks in a sailing vessel goinz from Greenock to Quebec, they travelled in bateaux and schooners to Queenston, then the western limit of civilization, where the women and one infant (the subject of this sketch) stayed while the men went westward, on foot, through the forest, to select a good location for their little settlement. After they had nearly reached the Rondeau on Lake Erie, they decided to return to the township of Aidborough, the western extremity of what was then known as the London district, but now the western limit of the County of Elgin -the site of the City of London not being then surveyed. The inducements to return to Aidborough were, first, that there was already a small Highland settlement there ; secondly, the country was hilly, and more like their native land than that further west; and thirdly, the land belonged to the Govern- ment, and had been placed in Col. Talbot's hand for location. Having selected their lots, they returned to Queenston, and in ox teams,and such other conveyances that could be obtained, they took their families and be- longings, and arrived at their new homes in time to erect shanties before the winter set in. Here the McKellar family remained until 1837, when they removed to a farm which they purchased in the township of Raleigh, County Kent, three miles west of the town of Chatham, on the banks of the River Thames. This farm is still the home- stead of the family. For the first ten or twelve years of his life our subject attended the public schools in the township of Aid- borough, where his parents first settled in 1817. He then was sent to Geneva, N. Y., and finally to the High School in Niagara, taught by Dr. Whitelaw. On leaving school he went to the farm, and settled there with his parents. Though he determined to make farming his business, he also engaged in lumbering. In 1857 he entered Parlia- ment as member for Kent, having been a member of the County Council for fifteen years previously. In 1841, at the first election for Parliament after he became of age, he supported and canvassed for the Tory candidate, Mr. Joseph Woods, in oppo- sition to Mr. Harrison (afterwards County Judge of York). Mr. Woods was returned. During this election he heard for the first time a thorough political speech by Mr. Harrison, and was greatly impressed by his arguments in favour of municipal institu- tions, especially those relating to voting in Provincial elections in each township, instead of groups of townships, as was the custom at this time, the polls being kept open for a week, causing some of the electors great in- convenience and loss of time and money. In the counties of Kent and Lambton, then united, many of the electors had to travel distances varying from ten to ninety miles before they could record their votes. Imme- diately after Mr. Harrison's defeat in Kent, he was elected for Kingston, and was appoint- ed Provincial Secretary. Mr. McKellar, though prosecuting farming at the time, read the leading papers of the day, he being a subscriber for both the Colonist and Exam- CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH Y. 57 iner, the first the leading organ of the Tory party, and the latter that of the Liberal party. During the next session of Parlia- ment he carefully read the debates and found that Mr. Harrison was sincere in all he had promised the electors of Kent and Lamb- ton on the hustings at Chatham, with re- gard to municipal and elective reforms. He told his Tory friends that if Mr. Harrison ever became a candidate for parliamentary honours again in Kent, he would support him as vigorously and determinedly as he had opposed him in the last election. These friends, with turned-up eyes and uplifted hands, asked in holy horror, " Why do you propose to do so ? " Mr. McKellar replied that, "if he gave us the municipal law, a township election law, and other minor measures of reform, he would vote for Mr. Harrison." They then declared that municipal institutions were republican, and would, if enacted, certainly lead to annex- ation to the United States. Mr. McKellar's reply was that he did not care whether municipal institutions were republican or monarchical, so long as they benefited the country and bettered the condition of the people (as he believed they would), he would support them, and did so afterwards in Par- liament and out of it. Mr. McKellar was frequently twitted afterwards, when in Par- liament, that he had been a Tory and had voted once on that ticket. He always good- humoredly admitted the impeachment, but claimed that he, like a great many others, had done it in ignorance, and since then he often shuddered at the thought that that vote might be the sin for which there is no forgiveness ; and in view of that belief he said that he had done a good deal of mis- sionary work with the view of bringing others out of the darkness that shrouded him when he gave that unfortunate Tory vote. Mr. McKellar was the author of the Drainage Law, which has been the means of reclaiming hundreds of thousands of acres of waste land ; and to aid the public in having this important work done as cheaply as possible, he had (while he was Commissioner of Public Works and Minister of Agriculture) the sum of $400,000 appro- priated to purchase drainage municipal debentures bearing interest at five per cent., thus giving the public money at a lower rate than they could get it elsewhere, and at the same time securing to the Government the highest rate of interest obtainable from the banks and municipal debentures, than which there is no better or safer security. It was during Mr. McKellar's term of office, as Minister of Agriculture, that the Ontario College of Agriculture, which is now proving of so much benefit to the country, was estab- lished at Guelph. He carried through Par- liament the charter for the Southern Rail- way, extending from the Niagara to the Detroit and St. Clair rivers, and was chiefly instrumental in raising upwards of $300,000 by way of bonuses in the southern counties to aid in its construction. He also carried the charter for the Erie and Huron Railway Company. This road extends from the Ron- deau harbor on Lake Erie and runs north through the towns of Blenheim, Chatham, Dresden, and Wallaceburg, then to the St. Clair river to Sarnia, a distance of about seventy miles. Forty miles of this road has been operated during the past two years, and the balance of the line will be completed by the end of 1885. In 1854, Mr. McKellar was urged to consent to be nominated for Kent on the Reform ticket, and did so, but under great disadvantages, it being at a late period of the canvass, and he was de- feated ; but in 1857 he again came forward, and was elected by a large majority. He represented Kent for ten years, and at Confederation he was elected for the Pro- vincial House, to represent Bothwell, which he continued to do until 1875. Then he accepted the shrievalty of Wentworth. Dur- ing the last four years of his political life he was a member of the Government, both in the Blake and Mowat administrations, as Commissioner of Public Works and Minister of Agriculture and Emigration, and afterwards as Provincial Secretary. He married, in 1836, Lucy MacNab, his second cousin, who died February, 1857, leaving nine children, four sons and five daughters, of whom three sons and three daughters re- main. The eldest son, Peter D. McKellar, is registrar of Kent, and the two younger are on the old farm. The daughters are all married. In 1874 he married again Cather- ine Mary Mercer, widow of Lawrence Wm. Mercer, daughter of Dr. Grant Powell of Toronto, and grand-daughter of Chief Jus- tice Powell, the second Chief Justice of Upper Canada. Mr. McKellar is a strictly temperate man, never having used spirits, beer or tobacco. He professes Presbyterian- ism, and is a staunch Reformer in politics. He has travelled through Great Britain and the United States. Altogether his career has been marked by energy, uprightness, ability, and success. King, William Frederick, B.A., D.L.S., D.T.S., Ottawa, Inspector of Sur- veys for the Dominion of Canada, was born 58 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF at Stowmarket, County of Suffolk, England, on the 19th February, 1854. His father, William King, and his mother, Ellen, nee Archer, came to Canada when our subject was in his eighth year, and settled at Port Hope, Ontario. His early educational train- ing consisted at the first of private tuition, and he was afterwards sent to the Port Hope Grammar School, preparatory to entering upon his university course. He was always remarkable for diligence as a school boy, and without much seeming effort mastered his work. In 1869 he matriculated at the Uni- versity of Toronto, and in 1875 graduated B.A. from that institution. The tastes of our subject, while in his undergraduate course, seem to have been for natural sciences and mathematics, and when graduating he was gold medalist in mathematics. Having obtained his degree, he turned his attention to the study of land and topographical sur- veying, and in due course became a regular Dominion land surveyor and a Dominion topographical surveyor. An active, ener- getic, clear-headed surveyor, as he always upon proper opportunity revealed himself to be, he was seldom found lacking employ- ment. He served on the international boun- dary between the Lake of the Woods and the Rocky Mountains from 1872 to 1874. Since the last mentioned date he has been engaged in Dominion land surveys in various parts of Manitoba and the North-West ter- ritories. On the 13th June, 1881, Mr. King was appointed to the position of inspector of surveys. His long professional experience has necessitated wide travel, and there is hardly a place of note in our wide North- West that he has not visited. A position like that to which our subject was appointed required more equipment than is necessarily conferred by a mere professional knowledge of land and topographical surveying. Wide knowledge with respect to the quality and conditions of locality, and sound judgment, are among some of the many qualifications needed. These, it is said, Mr. King all brought to his position, and he is regarded as a very efficient officer indeed. He married, on December 21, 1881, Augusta Florence, daughter of John A. Snow, of Ottawa. The fruit of this union is one son, born on the 4th March, 1884. Before the time of our subject's marriage he resided at Port Hope, but he has since taken up his abode at Ot- tawa. Mr. King is an adherent of the Epis- copal faith. Macdonald, Right Hon. Sir John Alexander, K.C.M.G., D.C.L., LL.D., was born in Glasgow on the 11 th day of Jan- uary, 1815. He was the second son of Mr. Hugh Macdonald, who lived originally in the parish of Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, but who early in life removed to Canada. When the emigration movement began in 1820, Mr. Hugh Macdonald and his family (John Alexander being then in his fifth year) took passage for British North America. Mr. Macdonald settled near Kingston, then the most important town in Upper Canada ; and after residing here for upwards of four years, the family moved to Quint© Bay, leaving John Alexander, then in his tenth year, at school in Kingston. The lad was placed at the Royal Grammar School, under the tui- tion of Dr. Wilson, a fellow of Oxford Uni- versity, and subsequently under that of Mr. George Baxter. After he had entered his sixteenth year, his father took him away from school and articled him in the office of George Mackenzie, where he applied himself diligently to study of the law. When he began to practise law, there were heard the first mutterings of the storm soon to break over the country; and the'year following, numbers of disaffected persons, in Lower Canada under Papineau, and in Upper Can- ada under William Lyon Mackenzie, rushed blindly to arms. A body of hunters, as the invaders were called, under the command of a Pole named Von Shoultz, crossed from the American side over to Prescott, but Shoultz was captured, and his followers killed and dispersed. Courts-martial were established at London and Kingston, and at the latter city Shoultz and his accomplices were tried for their crimes. Young Macdonald was counsel for the unfortunate Pole, and by the skill and force of his address attracted wide notice. In 1844, during the most intoler- able portion of Lord Metcalfe's rule, Mr' Macdonald was elected for Kingston, de feating Mr. Manahan. On first entering the legislature, he sat unmoved at his desk while the frays for which that period of par- liamentary history was remarkable went on, " looking," says a gentleman whoremembers having seen him there, "half careless and half contemptuous. Sometimes in the thick of the melee he wras busy in and out of the library. I scarce ever remember seeing him then about the House that he was not search- ing up some case either then impending or to come up at a later date. He was for a great part of his time, too, buried in a study of constitutional history." His first speech was in reply to the Hon. Robert Baldwin, and though it was daring, it was based on a wide foundation of common sense. J)uring the last days of toryism, Mr. Draper, the CA NA DI A N BIO GRA BE Y. 59 Attorney-Gereral, came one day to our sub- ject and said, " Your turn has come at last, Macdonald." He became Receiver-General, but after a brief period assumed the man- agement of Crown Lands, where, in a short time he reduced much confusion to har- mony. But in 1849 the reformers under Mr. Baldwin and M. Lafontaine were triumph- ant; and during the riot and incendiarism of that year we see Mr. Macdonald's figure and hear some of his impassioned utter- ances. On the downfall of the Hincks-Morin Cabinet, he became Attorney-General- West, under the leadership of Sir Allan MacNab, but this ministry becoming un- popular, both in and out of Parliament, it was forced to resign, and Mr. George Brown was called upon to form a Cabinet. He undertook the task, but the Governor- General having refused him permission to dissolve the House and appeal to the coun- try, he, after a few days, resigned, and the old ministry was recalled to power. After a short time, however, Sir Allan was rele- gated to the sick-room, and John A. Mac- donald appeared as leader of the Upper Canada section, that ambitious and perse- vering spirit, George E. Cartier, leading the Lower Canada division. Then came the period of transition, during which poli- tical events seem to pass before the eye like objects in the kaleidoscope. There was a wide gulf between Upper and Lower Canada, though for a lengthy period John A. Mac- donald in his own personality spanned the chasm. The seeds of discontent had borne fruit, and public sentiment was in a feverish state of unrest. Then came Sandfield Mac- donald upon the scene as premier, but his administration crumbled away as if it had been reared on sand. The Tache-Macdonald (John A.) administration followed, but its tenure of life hung by the slimmest thread, and eventually it survived only by the mercy of those who were really its enemies. It was out of this dead-lock, or the " fatal balance of parties," that grew the impulse for a con- federation. A coalition was formed, of which George Brown, Oliver Mowat, and William McDougall, on the part of the reformers, were members. Thereafter the figure of John A. Macdonald stands boldly out. It was he who led and shaped the movement, and conducted negotiations in the maritime provinces and in England; and in recognition of his zeal and service he was called to lead the first administration under confederation, and had a knighthood conferred upon him. His career since that date is fresh in the memories of most who watch public events. Though achieving many brilliant successes, once he found disaster, when in 1873 the Legislature declared him guilty of cor- rupt collusion with Sir Hugh Allan in a transaction relating to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Kail way; but whether this most successful and able statesman was guilty of the charge laid at his door or not, the people forgave him, and in 1878, with loud acclamation, took him back again to power. Sir John has always stood in high regard in the mother coun- try, and in 1879 was sworn in a member of Her Majesty's Privy Council. In 1865, he received the honorary degree of D.C.L. from Oxford University; he also received the degree of LL.D, from Queen's Uni- versity, Kingston; and is likewise a D.C.L. of the University of Trinity College, To- ronto. Although he is now well advanced in years, he does not seem to have lost any of his old vigour; friends press more closely around him, and the circle of his admirers seems to grow larger every day. Since 1878 he has been instrumental in accomplishing several important acts of legislation, notable among those being the project, now nearly completed, of building the Canada Pacific Railway. Sir John resides at Stadacona Hall, Ottawa, and his social responsibilities are shared with admirable grace and success by his talented and exceedingly popular wife, Lady Macdonald. The following are some of the measures of legislation accomplished by the right hon. gentleman since his entry into public life : The secularization of the clergy reserves; the extension of the municipal sys- tem; reorganization of the militia; the re- organization of the civil service; the ratifi- cation of the Washington treaty; confeder- tion of B. N. A.; the construction of the Intercolonial Railway ; the extension and consolidation of the Dominion; the National Policy; and the measure for the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Young, Samuel Squier, Trenton, was born at Brampton, on the 7th November, 1852. His father was born in Northum- berland county, in 1808. and is descended from U. E. Loyalists. He married a native of Connecticut, U. S. When our subject was born his father was a Methodist minis- ter stationed at Brampton, and Samuel was the youngest of seven boys. He was edu- cated at the High School, where he matricu- lated. He studied law at various times in a lawyer's office, but owing to failing health he was obliged to abandon the profession, and took to his present business, that of wholesale grocer, entering into partnership 60 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF with Mr. W. M. Ireland, in 1877. In 1879 Mr. Ireland died, and our subject has con- ducted the business ever since. Mr. Young has always shown a very deep interest in municipal affairs and public questions gener- ally, and was for some time a member of the Town Council, and an officer of the Board of School Trustees. He was one of the fifteen gentlemen who purchased land on which to erect a dam, with the view of securing pro- per water privileges for the town, and who now, with his confreres, hold the property as trustees for his fellow citizens. Mr. Young is an Oddfellow of Trent Lodge, No. 113. Between the time of his relinquishment of the law and his entry into business, he trav- elled through the States and Canada, and has visited all the important places in both countries. In politics he delights to call him- self a Clear Grit, believing that the policy of the reform party must bring political salva- tion to the country. He married, in Decem- ber, 1876, Miss Ireland, daughter of Mr. W. M. Ireland, one of the old settlers of Prince Edward Island, and who came to this country during the war of 1812. Mr. Young is a favourite with the public and in his own social circle. King, John S., M.D., Toronto, was born at Georgetown, in the County of Hal- ton, Ontario, on April 26th, 1843. His father, Stephen King, was born in Eng- land, and came to Canada in 1833. His mother, whose maiden name was Hess, was descended from a U. E. Loyalist family. Father and mother both live with Dr. King, our subject, the former being in his seventy- third year, the latter in her seventy- eighth. Stephen King was one of the first attendants at the first Congregational Col- lege. This building was situated near the south-east corner of Yonge and Wellesley streets, and was demolished only a year ago. Our subject may be regarded as a self-made man. He received little education at the hands of masters, and he was not content with these. Height after height of learning did he gain by his own exertions and own perseverance ; and when he had attained his 19th year, this youth, who had been seen on winter's nights by the lamp with his books, was found teaching a school. He was an excellent teacher, and soon became principal of the Waterloo Central School. He was mainly instrumental in organizing the Waterloo County Teachers' Association; and for the first two years he was president by unanimous vote. He was meanwhile a paid contributor to various newspapers and periodicals. He soon ceased teaching, and became a well-known contributor to the On- tario press. He was for three years on the editorial staff of the Toronto Globe, during which time he was Canadian correspondent for the Chicago Tribune, in addition to other Canadian contributions. In May, 1866, he completed a course in the Toronto School of Medicine, and obtained his license to prac- tice medicine. He is a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and is an M.D. of the University of Victoria College. He was secretary for the Toronto Reform Association for two or three years, about 1867. Uy appointment of the Ontario Government he is surgeon to the Mercer Reformatory and Industrial Refuge, and has held this position since the institutions were opened. He is a mason of twenty-two years' standing, and belongs toWilson Lodge No. 86, G.R.C. In the Knights of Pythias, he is Past Grand Chancellor and Supreme Representative of Ontario. In this order our subject has been an energetic worker, and he has earned the warm approbation of the brotherhood. At the last biennial ses- sion, composed of representatives of over forty Grand lodges, he was elected to the third highest honour this body can confer, by a vote of 59 to 22. He was mainly in- strumental in securing the next biennial session to be held in Toronto in 1886. This, it is anticipated, will be the largest society demonstration ever held in Canada. Dr. King is endeavouring to arrange that fif- teen or twenty thousand people shall visit Toronto on this occasion. He is likewise a member of the A.O.U.W., and has been medical examiner' to the order for a con- siderable period. He likewise is a mem- ber of the Select Knights and of the Sons of England Benevolent Society. Tn connec- tion with the latter he proposed a revision and reorganisation of the rituals, which were almost unanimously adopted. This shows a thorough knowledge of the govern- ment of such institutions. The Royal Arcanum also counts our subject among its membership, as does the St. George4s Society. He is now a vice-president of the latter. He professes Presbyterianism, and in politics is an independent Reformer. Neither political side pleases him entirely, consequently he takes no active part with either. At the time of Mr. J. Rymal's candi- dature, however, he stumped the county of Wentworth, advocating Reform principles. We may add that Dr. King has now a very wide and lucrative practice. He has latterly associated Dr. Elliott with him in business. He is a widower and has two children living CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 61 -one a boy, aged 18, who is studying art ; and a girl about 16 years of age. Dr. King is very popular with the working classes. Reid, Rev. William, M. A., D.D., To- ronto, was born in the parish of Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on the 10th Dec., 1816, and educated at King's College, Aber- deen, where he took the degree of M.A. in 1833. He was licensed to preach the gos- pel by the Presbytery of Fordyce, of the Church of Scotland, in May, 1839, and shortly thereafter left for Canada, under an appointment as missionary by the Glasgow Colonial Society. In January, 1840, he was ordained and inducted into the pastoral charge of Grafton and Colborne, at that time within the bounds of the Presbytery of Kingston. His labours extended over a wide district, within the bounds of which there are now five Presbyterian ministers settled. In 1849 he was called to Picton, in the County of Prince Edward, where he remained until 1853, when he was removed to Toronto to take the position of general agent for the Schemes of the Presbyterian Church and editor of the Ecclesiastical and Missionary Record. Mr. Reid was in 1850 appointed moderator of the Synod of the Presbyterian Church of Canada ; in 1873 he was moderator of the General Assembly of the Canada Presbyterian Church-the desig- nation of the church after union with the United Presbyterian Church in 1861 ; and in 1879 he was moderator of the General Assem- bly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, the union of the various branches of the Presbyterian Church having taken place in 1875. For a long time he has. been one of the clerks of the General Assembly, as well as agent for the Schemes of the Church in the Western section. In 1848 he married Mary Ann Harriett Street, third daughter of W. Street, Esq., of Devonshire, England. For a number of years Dr. Reid has been officially connected with the Upper Canada Bible Society and the Upper Canada Re- ligious Book and Tract Society. In 1876 he received the honorary degree of D.D. from Queen's University, Kingston. For many years Dr. Ried has been actively engaged in the service of the Presbyterian Church, and is well and favourably known by the office-bearers and members of that_Church throughout the Dominion. Caven, Rev. William, !>.»., Prin- cipal of Knox (Presbyterian) College, Toron- to, was born in the Parish of Kirkcolm, Wigtonshire, Scotland, on the 26th of De- cember, 1830. Our subject comes of a family whose names find a prominent place among the local annals. They were sturdy sup- porters of the solemn League and Covenant, and their names, we see it recorded, were enshrined on the roll of the Wigton martyrs. We find in the Canadian Portrait Gallery that " one of the most cherished traditions of the family on the mother's side, relates how one of them, for refusing to abjure his faith, suffered grievous bodily tribulation at the hands of the dragoons of ' Bloody Claverse'-known to history as John Gra- ham, Viscount Dundee." The father of our subject was the late Mr. John Caven, a sound and widely informed scholar, who was at one time a school teacher. In 1847 he left Wigtonshire for Canada, and took up his abode in the township of North Dumfries, Ontario. He removed, after time, to the neighbourhood of St. Mary's, and here he continued to reside till the time of his death, which occurred in 1880. It may be said that while in this country he one time employed himself as a teacher, and was subsequently a school superintendent. E verbody who came in contact with Mr. John Caven revered him. His manners were amiable, and his life a spotless one. The son William commenced his education under his father, in the Parish of Kirkcolm. He is described as having been a painstaking lad who always felt himself drawn towards the ministry. He prosecuted his studies for the ministry under the auspices of the United Presbyterian Church of 'Western Canada, in their seminary at London. The training of students for the ministry, at the time of which we are writing, was in the hands of the Rev. William Proudfoot, and the Rev. Alexander Mackenzie. Under these two venerable instructors our subject pursued his course. In 1852 he was licensed to preach by the Flamboro' Presbytery, and in October of the same year he was given the charge of the parish of St. Mary's and Downie. In 1855 he went to Scotland for the benefit of his health, but he did not surrender the charge of his parish. In 1866 he was appointed by the Synod to fill the chair of Exegetical Theology and Biblical Criticism, vacated by Professor Young the year previous, and he has continued down to the present time as professor of these subjects. In theological discussion he is moderate and unaggressive. but sound and uncompromising. To con- trovert opinions is part of his duty, and that duty, while done with thoroughness and zeal, is always done with moderation and with a thoroughly just, nay almost generous, statement of the other side. Though "kindly in the conflict," the Church has nowhere a 62 A CYCLOPEDIA OF stauncher or more doughty champion. In 1870 Dr. Willis, who was Principal of Knox College, an institution founded at Toronto for the theological uses of the Presbyterian Church, resigned his position, and our sub- ject was appointed principal in his stead. This position he still holds, enjoying the re- spect of a sound and widely-informed scholar and a most judicious and capable principal. Through his exertions, seconded by those of Prof. Gregg, chiefly, funds were obtained for the construction of the present very fine college edifice. As a presbyter, and in his position as minister, he has always been a powerful advocate of a union of the several Presbyterian Churches in Canada. Nor have his exertions been without their fruit. He first saw an amalgamation of the Free and United Presbyterian Churches of Canada, and was for fourteen years a member in the Canada Presbyterian Church. As moderator of the Canada Presbyterian Church the pleasant office devolved upon him of sign- ing the articles of Union, in the name of the Church, between the Canada Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Church in Canada, in connection with the Church of Scotland. In 1877 Dr. Caven succeeded Mr. Goldwin Smith as president of the Ontario Teachers' Association. In the year 1856 he married Miss Goldie, of Greenfields, near Ayr, Waterloo county, Ontario. The fruits of this union are seven children. Laidlaw, Adam, Hamilton, was born in the village of Bedrule, Roxburghshire, Scotland, on the 18th of March, 1833. His parents were James Laidlaw and Elizabeth, nee Robson, and daughter of Adam Robson, of Jedburgh, Scotland, builder, etc. The father of our subject came to Canada in 1862, settling in the township of Bentinck, Coun- ty of Grey, Ontario, on a farm where he re- mained until his death in 1880. He left a family of seven children, the subject of our sketch being the fourth child. Some of the family are still residing in Scotland. Mrs. Laidlaw is living and dwells on the old home- stead, which is now managed by her son, Robert Laidlaw, who came to Canada in the year of his father's death. He is a robust, well-to-do farmer. The family consist of Robert, who manages the estate, and to whom it belongs now; of Margaret Laidlaw, wife of George Murray, Esq., of Nesbitt, Scotland; of Agnes Laidlaw, wife of William Rutherford, Esq., of the North-West Terri- tory, Canada; Adam Laidlaw, of Hamilton ; of Mary Ann Laidlaw, wife of Walter Laid- law, Esq., of Bentinck township, Grey County; of George Laidlaw, of Dakota, Uni- ted States, and Elizabeth Laidlaw, wife of William Jackson, Esq., of the township of Sullivan, County of Grey. Adam Laidlaw, the subject of our sketch, received a common school education in Scotland. At the age of sixteen, he left school and apprenticed him- self to the carpenter and building business, in the small town of Oxnam, in the employ of the late Robert Huggan, Esq., a large builder and contractor of that place, and a most respected citizen. After remain- ing here for seven years, Mr. Laidlaw left the employ of Mr. Huggan, and, in the year 1856, sailed for Canada. He proceeded to Hamilton, and commenced his trade, work- ing at the same until the year 1866, when he was chosen manager of the Hamilton Co- operative store. In this position he remain- ed until 1869, when he retired and entered the foundry business in partnership with William Turnbull, Esq., of Hamilton, in the Mary Street Foundry, doing business under the name of Turnbull & Co. The partnership continued until 1874, when Mr. Turnbull retired and Mr. Laidlaw continued the business under the name of A. Laidlaw & Co. In 1878, Mr. Laidlaw admitted as partner, Mr. John G. Bowes, when the firm became known as Laidlaw, Bowes & Co. In 1884, Mr. Bowes retired and Mr. Laidlaw at once organized a Joint Stock Company, under the name of the Laidlaw Manufac- turing Company, Mr. Laidlaw occupying the position of vice-president and manager. This Company manufactures all kinds of stoves, hot air furnaces, hollow ware, and castings; is the only one in the country that manufactures enamelled wares, and is most favourably known throughout the Dominion. It is now doing an enormous business, and every month sees a further widening of its popularity and custom. Our subject, it may also be said, was of the Home guard during the time of the Fenian raid in 1866. He has travelled through all parts of Canada, and visited the important cities of the United States. He is a Presbyterian, and in politics always has been a conscientious and sturdy reformer, and is an especially strong sup- porter of the Hamilton Reform Association. In 1875, he was appointed a justice of the peace. He married in 1859, Miss Janet Dickson, daughter of the late John Dickson, of Mossburmford, Roxburghshire, Scotland, by whom he has had three children, two boys and one girl. Mr. James A. Laidlaw, the eldest son is book-keeper in the firm, and also a stockholder. Miss Laidlaw, the eldest, married Mr. John Macabe, of Toronto, and the youngest, John D. Laidlaw, is employed CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 63 with the hardware firm of Messrs. Woods & Leggatt, Hamilton. It may be added, that the peninsular coal and wood stoves, among which may be particularly men- tioned the self-feeding " Regal Peninsu- lar," are manufactured by this company, and have a fame and a sale far beyond Canada. These, the American press declare, are amongst the finest stoves ever sent from a foundry. Ward, Henry Alfred, Port Hope, whom we have chosen as the subject of this sketch, was born at Port Hope, Ontario, on August 20th, 1849. His father was a Canadian, but his grandfather settled when a young man at Port Hope. Here he studied and practised law, and was after a time appointed registrar for the County of East Durham. Our subject's mother was an Englishwoman. H. A. Ward was educated at Port Hope, and after he had left school, entered upon the study of law in his native town. In 1872, he was called to the bar, and since that time he has practised with increasing popularity. He has not con- fined himself exclusively to the cares of his profession, but has taken an active and zeal- ous part in military and other enterprises. In 1866 he entered the volunteers, and is now a captain in the 46th Regiment, which was commanded by the late Lieutenant- Colonel Williams, M.P. Municipal matters also engaged his attention, and was in 1878 elected to the council of Port Hope ; and an excellent councillor he soon proved him- self to be, and in proof of which he now occupies the important position of mayor. He is a member of the Sons of England Benevolent Society. Our subject is a man of much observation and practical experience. He has travelled through all important parts of his own country, and through the United States as well. He is a member of the Church of England, and a worthy and highly regarded person in that communion. In politics he professes the principles of the Conservative party, believing that the spirited policy of Sir John Macdonald and his colleagues, and such measures as the National Policy, are best for the develop- ment and permanent interest of the country. Mr. Ward is exceedingly popular among his fellow townsfolk, and is spoken of by one and all in the highest terms for his urban- ity, whole-heartedness and sterling worth. So far Mr. Ward has elected to live the life of a bachelor. Casey, William, of the well known Hamilton Planing Mills, was born in the County of Limerick, Ireland, on the 25th of November, 1833. His father's name was Patrick, and his mother's maiden name was Madigan. The parents both died in 1836, three years after the birth of our subject. He was educated at the National School in Limerick County, Ireland, receiving a plain English education. In 1851, being then in his eighteenth year, he emigrated to Canada, re- solving to strive hard fora fortune in this new country. He settled in the town of Dundas, Ontario, where he entered upon an appren- ticeship in a planing mill in carpentry and building. But Mr. Casey was a young man who was not destined to remain long in the employ of others. He was full of ambition, was sanguine, and quick to perceive where advantage lay. So in 1864 he entered busi- ness in Dundas as contractor and builder, in partnership with Mr. Mercer, and the firm was known as Mercer & Casey. The firm was very successful, and our subject accu- mulated about $30,000, which he lost, how- ever, in the years 1866 and 1867. Nothing daunted he again rolled up his sleeves and went as foreman in the establishment of Mr. Bowman. Later he entered into partnership in the firm, and continued in the same firm till 1884, when the partnership was dissolved. Tiring now of Dundas he removed to the city of Hamilton, where he entered into business with his sons, the firm being known as Casey & Sons. The same quick business faculties that characterized our subject in the past are manifest still ; and the firm is very rapidly increasing its business and growing in public esteem. Our subject spared a little time from the irksome hours of every day employment at his business to devote to municipal politics. For seven years he was town councillor for Dundas, but has never sought any other public hon- ours. He had belonged to the Liberal Con- servative Association since the days of the Hon. Robert Spence, down to the present time. He joined the'Oddfellows, Manches- ter Unity, in the year 1855, and of this as- sociation he was a member for four years. He severed his connection with the society, it may be said, in consequence of the tenets of his religion forbidding continuance with a secret society. He has been a Roman Catholic from his birth. He married in Dundas, on the 17th November, 1857. His wife's maiden name was Mary Kelly, and she was a native of the same parish and county in Ireland as himself. By this marriage our subject has a family of ten boys and three girls, of which twelve are living. Six of the boys have completed their education and are grown up. Mr. Casey has always taken a 64 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF great deal of interest in local politics. He belonged to the Dundas Liberal-Conserva- tive Association, and was chairman of one of the Ward committees. Our subject was likewise chairman of the Separate School Board of Dundas for several years. Messrs. John P. and James B. Casey are in partner- ship with their father, and are most enter- prising young men. They supervise and manage the mills. They are contractors, having built the Dundas Cotton Mills, and Wesleyan Institute, now the House of Provi- dence, and other public buildings. Mr. Casey is a happy and cheerful man, and bids fair to live a long life of usefulness. Ross, Dr. Janies, of Toronto, was born in York township, in the County of York, on January 26th, 1832. His father, James Ross, came to Canada in 1796, and his mother, Elizabeth Wells, about 1800. These were married in York, now Toronto, in 1808. His father was a tailor by trade. He engaged in the American war of 1812, and was taken prisoner at the battle of York, but was released when the Americans vacated the place. He then returned to more quiet pursuits, and took up land in West York, and went into farming. In 1852 he gave up his farm and came to re- side in Toronto, where he died in 1869 and his wife in 1860. This couple had a large family, and James, the subject of this sketch, was the youngest of eleven children. In early youth James was very fond of agricul- tural pursuits, and, in 1847, ploughed at the great match held at Hamilton during the Fall Exhibition, and carried off the first prize (a diploma and $20 in cash), in the match for lads under sixteen years of age. This diploma now adorns the wall of the doctor's surgery. He was partially educated in the West York public schools, and in 1847 came to Toronto, and for some time took lessons at a private school. In 1848 he entered the Toronto School of Medicine, and obtained a license to practice medicine in 1851. He graduated at Jeffer- son Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1852, and in this year began the practice of his profession, which he has very successfully prosecuted up to the present. In 1867, during the Fenian raid, Dr. Ross acted as surgeon in the Toronto Naval Brigade, un- der Captain McMaster. He has during his public career occupied several important offices, and for several years was a member of the Medical Board, and from 1875 to 1880 a member of the Medical Council. He was also president of the Ontario branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club for 1883-4, and was for four years member of the Toronto School Board. The doctor has travelled a great deal in his day, and is very familiar with the various provinces com- prising the Dominion, the North-West and the United States. In religion Dr. Ross is a Presbyterian, and in politics a staunch Re- former. Some years ago, it was not an un- common thing to see father and son walk to the polls, the father voting for the Tory candidate and the son for the Reform. He has always taken an open and active part in politics ; and for twenty years has been connected with the Girls' Home as physi- cian. In private life Dr. Ross is genial and kindly, and a favourite with the .public generally. Dr. Ross married in November, 1854 in Toronto, Miss Ann Jane McIntosh, a daughter of John McIntosh, a represen- tative for North York, and has had a family of five children, three of whom are living. Langmuir, John Woodburn, of Toronto, was born at Warwickmains, Ayr- shire, Scotland, on the 6th November, 1835. He is the second son of the late Alexander Ralston Langmuir, who married Miss Jane Woodburn, of Aird. Both his maternal and paternal ancestors were well known old Ayrshire county families. Mr. Lang- muir was educated at Osborne's Academy, Kilmarnock, and came to Canada in 1849, when only fifteen years of age. In accord- ance with the old Scotch system, he was placed for five years with the firm of Miller & Brothers, who then carried on a large mercantile business at Picton, in the County of Prince Edward, as well as in the City of Kingston. Having served his time in both these places, he acquired in 1853, the Picton business, which formerly was carried on by the firm, which along with the building of vessels for the lake trade, together with a large produce business, he carried on from 1853 to 1867. During that time he passed through all grades of municipal office, hav- ing served the town of Picton as councillor, reeve and mayor. In 1868, Mr. Langmuir, was appointed, by the Sandfield-Macdonald administration, to the position of Inspector of Prisons and Public Charities for Ontario. Prior to Confederation, there were four in- spectors for the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and when the Act creating the office for Ontario was under the consideration of the legislature, fears were expressed that one inspector could not perform the work. These fears, however, were groundless, for Mr. Langmuir discharged the onerous and responsible duties of his position, not only to the entire satisfaction of the three admin- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 65 istrations under which he served, but to the public generally. A review of his four- teen years of official labour would practically comprise a history of Ontario's public insti- tutions' system. His reports to the legisla- ture number fourteen large volumes, aggre- gating 4,000 pages of printed matter. No less than eight important public institu- tions were founded and organized under his supervision and direction during his term of office, viz.: The Asylums for the Insane at London and Hamilton ; the Asylum for Idiots at Orillia ; the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Belleville ; the Institu- tion for the Blind at Brantford ; the Cen- tral Prison ; and the Mercer Reformatory and Refuge at Toronto. In 1882, Mr. Lang- muir resigned his government office, and associated himself with a number of promi- nent and wealthy men, in the establishment of the Toronto General Trust Company. The position of general manager of this com- pany he now holds. He is also a director of the Federal Bank of Canada, and is one of the Niagara Falls Park commissioners. He is likewise president of the Homewood Retreat Association, a private asylum lately established in Guelph, Ont. Mr. Langmuir has always exhibited a wide public spirit, and devoted much of his attention to mu- nicipal politics while a resident of the Bay of Quint e region. At the age of twenty-four, he was mayor of Picton, and with sanguine brilliancy, those who remember him then do say, he added practical wisdom and solid parts. In military matters, he has always taken a deep interest. He was major of the 16th Battalion, and served during the Fe- nian raids of 1866. In politics, he is a Liberal, believing that the principles adopt- ed by the reform party must in the end prevail and prove the best for the country's welfare. He has travelled over the greater part of the American continent. In religion, he is a Presbyterian, as have been his ances- tors for many generations. He has been married three times : first, to a daughter of the late Dr. Fairfield, of Prince Edward ; second, to a daughter of Mr. John Ridout, registrar of the County of York ; and third, to Mrs. Ludlow, a daughter of the late Mr. John Bloodgood, of New York. He has five sons and four daughters. Mr. Lang- muir is genial and kind hearted in the domestic and social circles, and lacks not "love, honour and troops of friends." Baines, Dr., Allen Mackenzie, the subject of this sketch, was born at To- ronto, on May 12th, 1853, and is the son of Thomas Baines, who came to Canada in 1825. His father was well known in busi- ness circles, he being the senior partner in the brewery firm of Baines & Thompson. This establishment in later years changed its name, and it is hardly necessary to say that it is now known as " Cosgrave's." Our subject is descended of an old Shropshire, England, family. Young Baines received his first tuition at the private school of Mr. Barron, Cobourg. In due time he was sent to Upper Canada College, where, in those days, most of the young men were educated. On leaving school he had little difficulty in making choice of a profession, for he always had felt a strong inclination for medicine ; and, therefore, to the study of medicine he went. He was, we are in- formed, both an enthusiastic and brilliant student. From the Trinity College he took M. D. C. M., and from Toronto University M. B. Resolved to get the profit of study and experience abroad, he went, in 1869, to England, and attended the St. Thomas' Hospital at London. Here he remained for four years, in the meantime taking L.R.C.P.,and then entered and remained for a time in Samaritan Hospital, Lon- don. In 1882 he returned to Canada with a theoretical as well as a practical medical education, such as it is the good fortune of few young Canadians to possess. In Toronto, which city he chose as his practice- field, he soon found a splendid business on his hands. In time he became physician of the Toronto Home for Incurables, and also of the Infants' Home. He is likewise an examiner in toxicology and jurispru- dence for Trinity College. Dr. Baines has seen much of the world. In addition to his lengthened residence in London, he has visited the Continent, likewise Egypt, In- dia, and many other countries. Our subject does not concern himself with politics, but his political faith is Conservative. In re- ligion he is a staunch adherent of Anglican- ism. In manner, Dr. Baines is genial, and has abundance of energy. Benson, Thomas Moore, Q.C., Port Hope, Junior Judge of the County Court of the United Counties of Northum- berland and Durham, and local Judge of the High Court of Justice for Ontario, was born at Port Hope, Ontario, on the 25th of No- vember, 1833. His father was the late Thomas Benson, who was born at Fintona, County of Tyrone, Ireland, and his mother was Alicia Maria Lowe, only daughter of Richard Lowe, Esq., of Adolphustown, U. C., an English gentleman, who married Maria Moore, a daughter of a good family of Tipper- 66 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ary, in Ireland. Miss Lowe, was born in Gloucestershire,England,on the 25th August, 1805, and died at St. Catharines, Ontario, on the 11th of August, 1877. Mr. Thomas Benson, her husband, was killed on the 12th of March, 1857, with fifty-seven others, in that shocking calamity caused by the break- ing of the bridge over the Desjardins Canal, on the line of the Great Western Railway, near the City of Hamilton. Judge Benson's early education commenced under Dr. Whitelaw, at Niagara, in the Grammar School. Subsequently he was a pupil of the Rev. R. J. C. Taylor, M. A., Rector of Peter- borough, whose Grammar school had then a Provincial reputation. From this school young Benson was admitted as a member of the Law Society of Upper Canada, passing his examination in the senior class, on the 10th of June, 1851. He also in the same year matriculated in University College, Toronto. He entered upon the study of the Law, at Peterborough, pursuing it subse- quently at Port Hope, and completing his student course in Toronto, with the Hon. Adam Wilson, Q.C., now President of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice, and the Hon. C. S. Patterson, Q.C., now a Judge of the Court of Appeal. During this time he took the law course at University College, and obtained three law scholarships. He was called to the bar on the 7th of February, 1859, having been ad- mitted as an attorney and solicitor two years before. Mr. Benson commenced the practice of his profession in Port Hope, being drawn thither by family ties and friendly associations ; though he had offers of advantageous partnerships in Toronto and other places. He continued his profes- sional business in Port Hope, down to the time of his promotion to the bench, enjoy- ing a large and important practice, and tak- ing a foremost position at the local bar. Upon the change taking place in 1871, in the constitution of the Law Society, whereby the benchers became elective by the mem- bers of the bar, throughout the Province, Mr. Benson was elected a bencher, and took his seat in convocation. He was re-elected in 1876, and again in 1881. On the 11th of October, 1880, he was created a Q C., by patent of the Dominion Government. He was appointed deputy Judge of the county court of his counties, on the 19th of Sep- tember, 1882, and on the 3rd of November, 1882, he was appointed a junior Judge of the county court, and a local Judge of tbe High Courtof Justice. These appointments were received with universal satisfaction, and the local press of both the leading poli- tical parties expressed warm encomiums and congratulations, as the following extracts will show : ' ' Mr. Benson is well known in Cobourg, not only as a lawyer of marked ability, but as a gentleman in every respect. His knowledge of the law is such as to em- inently fit him for the position to which he has just been appointed." . . . " That this appointment would be made, has long been expected. As to its suitability all are agreed. Mr. Benson's position as an able lawyer has long been recognized, and we feel certain that no judge in Ontario can fill a similar position with more credit to him- self." " Judge Benson's appointment has been received with universal approval. Between the News and His Honour, there has been many a free lance. Nevertheless, the management of this journal extends a cordial congratulation to Judge Benson on his well deserved appointment, and trusts that he may be long spared to adorn a proud position in the provincial judiciary." " We extend to Mr. Benson our congratulations on his preferment. He is a gentleman in every way well qualified for the position." On the occasion of his holding his first sit- ting of the County Court and General Ses- sions, on the 12th of December, 1882, the Hon. Sidney Smith, Q.C., the leader of the local bar, addressed Judge Benson, as fol- lows : "May it please Your Honour : On behalf of the members of the profession of these counties, speaking for those present, as well as for any who are absent, I have great pleasure in congratulating you, on your appointment. From a long experience at the courts here, I can safely say that no appointment of any prior occupant of the bench has given more general satisfaction than has yours. As a private citizen you have endeared yourself to all who have met you ; while, by your course as a professional man, you have won the respect and esteem of all your associates. I say with all truth, that I regard this appointment as not only complimentary to yourself, but one that will do credit to the government which conferred the honour upon you." . . Similar complimentary addresses were presented to Judge Benson at several of the sittings of the Division Courts. At the time of the " Trent affair" in 1861, when there was a great probability of war between Great Bri- tain and the United States, Judge Benson took an active part in raising and enrolling companies of volunteers at Port Hope, and l e was appointed lieutenant of the com- pany of infantry then commanded by the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 67 late lamented Col. Williams, M.P., who so recently distinguished himself in command of the Midland Battalion in the North West. This company attained a high state of effi- ciency, and more than once obtained one of the prizes then given by the Government for proficiency in drill and discipline, upon inspection by Colonel (now General Lord) Wolseley, and Colonel Mountain, R,A. At the time of the Fenian raid in 1866, this company was enrolled in one of the Provi- sional battalions then formed, of which the late Col. Williams, was appointed Lieut.- Col., and the command of the company de- volved upon Mr. Benson, who had previously obtained a first class certificate, at the Toronto Military School, under Col. Lowry, of the 47th Regiment. Capt. Benson did duty with the Battalion at Kingston until the collapse of the Fenian disturbance, and when all was quiet again, he retired from the volunteer service, being succeeded by his brother, Mr. Frederic A. Benson, who has recently succeeded the late Colonel Williams in the command of the 46th Batt. V. M. Mr. Benson was for many years a commissioner of the Port Hope har- bour, but resigned on his appointment to the bench. He has also been for a num- ber of years a member of the High School Board. Although often solicited to accept municipal honours, he always declined to do so. He has always been a steadfast mem- ber of the Church of England, and was for twelve years one of the church-wardens of St. John's Church at Port Hope. He has also represented that church since 1859 (ex- cept two years) in the Diocesan Synod, and has been for several years one of the dele- gates from the Diocesan to the Provincial Synods, He is identified with what is gener- ally known as the " Evangelical school of thought " in the Church, and is one of the Trustees and a member of the Board of Management of the Protestant Episcopal Divinity School, Wycliffe College, Toronto. At the time of the " deadlock " in the elec- tion of a bishop to succeed the late Bishop Bethune, Mr. Benson was one of those ap- pointed to select a candidate who would be accepted by the differing schools of thought, and whose efforts resulted in the unanimous election of Bishop Sweatman. He was in 1883 elected by the Synod of Toronto as a lay member of the chapter of the Cathe- dral of St. Alban the Martyr, at Toronto. Before his elevation to the bench, Mr. Benson was in politics a Liberal Conserva- tive, and was an ardent admirer and sup- porter of the chief of that party, the Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, and in the election contests in East Durham, he was one of the chief speakers at all political meetings. He was several times urged by the late Col. Williams and others to come forward himself as the representative of the constituency, but he invariably declined, preferring to confine himself to his profes- sional duties. On the 26th of April, 1866, Mr. Benson married Mary Edith, the eldest daughter of the Rev. John McCaul, LL.D., then President of University College, Toron- to, one of the most beautiful and estim- able young women of her day. She died on the 13th of December, 1870, and of this union two daughters survive. On the 25th June, 1874, Mr. Benson married Laura A., the second daughter of the Right Rev. Thomas Brock Fuller, D.D., D. C.L., the late Lord Bishop of Niagara. Of this mar- riage, there are now living two daughters and one son. Young, lion. John, was born in Ayr, Scotland, on the 4th of March, 1811, and received his education at the parish school. For some time he taught school in the neighbourhood of Ayr, but in 1826, with the object of bettering his position, he sailed for Canada, and on his arrival took up his residence in Montreal, where he ob- tained a clerkship in the mercantile office of John Torrance, one of the leading mer- chants of that time. In 1835, when only twenty-four years of age, he entered into a partnership with David Torrance in Quebec. Before the outbreak of the rebellion in Lower Canada, he took the liberty of repre- senting to the then Governor-General, Lord Gosford, that there were troubles ahead, and urged the formation of volunteer com- panies, but unfortunately his suggestion was unheeded. However, when the storm did burst, the young Scot at once volun- teered to aid in raising a regiment, a task which was accomplished in about twenty- four hours. Mr Young had, in the mean- time, removed to Montreal, which city he foresaw, would in time become the centre of trade, and joined Mr. Harrison Stephens in business. During the Mete df crisis, Mr. Young was returning officer, and there being every prospect of a serious riot, he at once searched for and seized arms wherever found. By means of this vigorous action he secured the peace of the city, and his name was specially mentioned in the Gover- nor's despatch to Downing Street. It would be impossible in this short sketch to narrate all the enterprises with which his name has been associated, and we will simply say A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 68 that his heart was thoroughly devoted to the interests of the city of his adoption, its harbour, its railway connection, its trade, and also its culture ; and that in 1846 he espoused the principles of free trade with ardent enthusiasm, and remained faithful to them to the end of his career. In 1851, although Mr. Young had not been previously a member of Parliament, his administrative abilities and knowledge of trade were so well known, that he was chosen Commission- er of Public Works in the formation of the Hincks-Morin Cabinet, and he found a seat for Montreal, and continued to represent it until 1857, when ill-health compelled him to retire. In 1863, having regained his health, he presented himself as candidate for Montreal West, but failed to secure his election. However, in 1872, he succeeded in beating his opponent by a majority of 800. In the House of Commons he gen- erally voted with the Opposition. For two years afterwards (in 1874) local interests so pressed upon him that he was compelled reluctantly to give up political life, and ceased to represent Montreal in the councils of the country. He at one time was presi- dent of the Board of Trade, and during the later years of his life filled the office of Har- bour Commissioner for the port of Montreal. Mr. Young was a thorough Reformer, and in religion professed the simple faith of the Unitarians. He was a man of stalwart frame and fine presence, genial, able and vigorous. He died on the 12th of April, 1878, universally mourned by all classes in the city he had loved and served so faith- fully. Taclie, Joseph Charles, M.D., Titu- lary Professor of Laval University, Knight of the Legion of Honour, and Deputy Minis- ter of Agriculture, Ottawa. This very able and distinguished gentleman was born at Kamouraska, in the Province of Quebec, on the 24th of December, 1820. He is a son of Charles Tache and of Henriette de La Broquerie. Mr. Tache, the father, was cap- tain of the celebrated corps Les Volti- geurs," under the command of Colonel de Salaberry, during the war of 1812. This distinguished family is descendant of the three first settlers, Hebert, Couillard and Martin, who inhabited Quebec in the time of Champlain. Louis Joliette, the discoverer of the Mississippi, is an ancestor on the father's side, and Pierre Boucher, Governor of Three Rivers, is an ancestor on the mother's side. Our subject is nephew to the late Sir- Etienne Pascal Tache, and elder brother to Archbishop Tache. He received his classical education at the Seminary of Quebec, and his medical instruction in the same city. He has been an eager investiga- tor from youth, and was also fond of hunt- ing and travelling, these being almost his exclusive recreations. He was attracted to the study of medicine on account of the extensive connection of that science with other fields of human knowledge. On being admitted to the practice of medicine in 1844 he settled in Rimouski, where he secured a very extensive clientelle. He resided in Ri- mouski till 1856. During his sojourn there he was elected for three consecutive parlia- ments for the County of Rimouski, which he represented during nearly ten years. At the end of 1856 he resigned his seat to take charge of a new j ournal, Le Oourrier du Canada, at Quebec. After three years of editorship he was offered and accepted the situation of In- spector of Public Institutions. In that capa- city he was one of a board of five of whom the first president was Dr. Nelson, whom he succeeded, on the death of that venerable gentleman. In 1864 he was transferred from the presidentship of the Board of Inspectors of Public Institutions to the situation of Deputy Minister of Agriculture. It may be remarked that he was the first to whom was applied the title now given to all the chief permanent officers of the Departments of the Canadian public service. Since that time to the present year he has filled this office. He was, as already said, member of the Legis- lature, Inspector of Public Institutions, and Deputy Minister. He represented Canada in France at the Paris Exhibition of 1855, and also of 1867. He was British delegate, from Canada, at the International Sanitary Conference of 1881, at Washington, and, at different times, belonged to several commis- sions in Canada. Dr. Tache was the principal promotor, when member of the Legislature, of the harbour improvements in the lower St. Lawrence. He never was connected in any way with secret societies of any kind, but he belonged to several religious and charitable associations. Politically he always has identified himself with the Conservative party. He has travelled through England, France, Italy and the United States, and has likewise visited almost every section of the Provinces of Quebec, Ontario, New Bruns- wick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. He is, and always has been, a strict adherent to the Roman Catholic Church. He does not now take any active part in politics, being a public functionary ; yet his views are conservative. He married, in 1847, at Rimouski, Frangoise Lepage, a de- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 69 scendant of the first settlers and original seigniors of the place. Six children were born to this union, three of whom survive, one being a civil engineer, another a lawyer, and the third, a daughter, married an after cousin of the Tache family. Dr. Tache is an extensive writer. His principal works, not to speak of his lively polemics, are :-" On the State of Agriculture," "The Seigniorial Tenure of Canada," " A Sketch of Canada," "The Paris Exhibition of 1855," "The British-American Colonies and their Federal Union," 1857 ; "Forestiers et Voyageurs," " Trois Legendes." " Les Sablons besides which he has published a number of broch- ures and contributions on several literary, historical and scientific subjects, and a num- ber of official or semi-official papers on Agri- culture, Public Health, Quarantine, Vital Statistics, Censuses, Patents of Inventions, Trade Marks, and Copyrights. Altogether Dr. Tache is one of the most distinguished gentlemen of which Canada can boast. His writings are cultured, original and plain, in all respects the work of an unusually able man. " Forestiers et Voyageurs " is delight- ful reading, and it is brimful of instruction besides. ' ' Trois Legendes, " very justly, will live as long as Canadian literature lasts. In his office of Deputy of the Minister of Agri- culture, Dr. Tache has laid the Dominion, especially the scientific medical portion of it, under such obligation as it never will be able to repay him. Chisholm, Captain William Big- ger, Oakville, was born 8th September, 1844, at Oakville, Ontario. His father's name was John Alexander, and his mother's maiden name was Sarah Pettit Bigger, who came from U. E. Loyalist stock, the family originally moving here from Pennsylvania. Our subject's great grandfather,George Chis- holm, was born near Inverness, Scotland, 1745, and his father (subject's great great grandfather), was James Sutherland Chis- holm (or in Gaelic, Chisalick), of Strath- glass, the head of the clan. George Chis- holm, on coming to Canada, settled in Nova Scotia. He died in 1843, aged 101 years. His son, afterwards Col. William, was lieut. in No. 1 Flank Company Lincoln Militia, which company stormed block Fort Detroit during the war of 1812, and he was also pre- sent at Queenston Heights. When the war was over, in 1816, he settled in Nelson, Halton county. He traded in general mer- chandise, and was at this time appointed postmaster, which position he held till 1834, when he settled in Oakville. He represented Halton county for sixteen years in the Lib- eral-Conservative interest, and was apnoint- ed collector of Customs for Oakville in 1834. He was one of the commissioners of the Burlington Bay and Welland canals, and built and owned the first vessel that came through this waterway. He also built at Oakville the steamers Constitution, Oak- ville, and Bxirlington, and several sailing vessels. He married in 1812. and had six sons and four daughters, and he died on May 4th, 1842. Our subject was educated at the Oakville Grammar School, taking the ordinary course. On leaving school, which he did suddenly, and without apparent rea- son, as it was presumed he would have fin- ished his course, then probably have studied for some profession, he went on the farm for some years. He later commenced fruit- growing and packing, and noting the poor appliances in use for packing, etc., he intro- duced the present improved mode of hand- ling fruit for market, and is now running the largest fruit package and basket factories in Canada. He has taken an exceedingly active part in the volunteer movement, hav- ing entered as private and worked himself up to captain. He was connected for fourteen or fifteen years with the volunteers, and put in all the drills, and he retired with rank of captain. He has been a member of the Town Council since 1872, and reeve of Oakville since 1878. He is a Freemason of Oakville Lodge, No. 400, and an Oddfellow of Oakville Lodge, No. 132, and belonged to the Orange Order for some time. Mr. Chis- holm has travelled through the United States and Canada. In religion, he professes the faith of the Church of England. In politics, he is an uncompromising Conservative, and has been so from the beginning, and intends to die such. He married, on the 27th November, 1872, Mary Rebecca Howse, daughter of William Howse, who carried on business in Toronto. By this lady he has had four boys, only two of whom are living. Mr. Chisholm was one of the first candidates to pass at the first Military School of Toronto. Baillairge, George Frederick, C.E., Deputy Minister of Public Works for Canada, Ottawa, was born in Quebec on the 16th October, 1824. This distinguished en- gineer is the eldest son of the late M. Theophile Baillairge, Assistant City Sur- veyor and Engineer of Quebec. His mother is Charlotte Janvrin, of Shorrel, Isle of Wight, and a daughter of the late Lieuten- ant Horsley, of the Royal navy, who served under Nelson on board of the Victory at Trafalgar. During the engagement he had 70 A CYCLOPAEDIA 01 his leg broken by a cannon ball. Our sub- ject's mother, it needs hardly be said, was an Englishwoman, and although her hus- band was French, yet, strange to say, she can hardly to this day speak a word of the French language. G. F. Baillairge received his early tuition at the hands of the late Lieutenant Shadgett, of the British army, and finished his education in the Seminary of Quebec. Our subject studied law for a year, but did not believe that the legal profession was suitable to his taste and best endeavours. He had always much inclination for engi- neering pursuits, and, therefore, in 1844 entered the Civil Service of old Canada, in the Board of Works, as translator and assistant draughtsman of the engineering branch. The Honourable H. H. Killaly was then president of this department of the government. Three years later he re- ceived the commission of provincial land surveyor, and, subsequently, for a con- siderable period, acted as surveyor and as assistant engineer on the various public works of Canada. In 1852 the government, recognizing his brilliant professional and ad- ministrative abilities, offered him the posi- tion of superintending engineer of the canals and other public works of the Province of Quebec, but the offer he declined. In Aug- ust, 1852, he married Charlotte Rachel Gir- oux, daughter of P. Giroux, Esq., of Ce- dars village, County of Soulanges, P. Q. In 1870-71-72 he made the survey, location, plans and estimates for the construction of the Baie Verte Canal, from the St. Lawrence to the Bay of Fundy. Always a wise ad- viser of his department, a capable and clear- headed official, it is not to be wondered at that Mr. Baillairge was mounting the ladder of promotion in the service. He was appointed assistant-chief engineer of the Department of Public Works in 1871, and afterwards superintending engineer of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Canals in 1877-78, and was promoted to the position of deputy to the Minister of Public Works on the 4th of October, 1879. The position of Deputy Minister of Public Works is prob- ably the most important in the Civil Ser- vice. Heavy responsibility for the proper administration of numerous important affairs rests upon the shoulders of this official. In a word he must be land sur- veyor, architect, engineer, and everything that is implied under each and all of these headings. For this task our subject is eminently fitted. He is a most efficient and upright deputy ; and the service whose interests it is his duty to conserve, and the portion of the public with whom he is con- stantly in contact, both find cause for con- gratulation in him. The exhaustive report containing the history of the Public Works of Canada, from 1867 to 1882, together with its accompanying views and maps were published in both languages under his di- rections and supervision in 1883. Mr. Baillairge has had a family of five boys and five girls, two of whom are dead. Our subject has had a useful and brilliant career, and we hope that although his health has been greatly injured by a jour- ney of 250 miles on snow shoes while lay- ing out the South Gulf Shore road, to Gaspe, he will long live to adorn his profession. Lansdowne, Marquis of (Henry Charles Keith Petty Fitzmaurice),G.C.M.G., in the County of Somerset, Earl Wycombe, of Chipping Wycombe, County Bucks, Vis- count Caln and Calnstone, County Wilts, and Lord Wycombe, Baron of Chipping Wy- combe, County of Bucks, in the peerage of Great Britain ; Earl of Kerry and Earl of Shelburne, Viscount Clanmaurice and Fitz- maurice, Baron of Kerry, Lixnaw and Dun- kerron, in the peerage of Ireland ; Governor- General of the Dominion of Canada, was born on the 14th January, 1845. The lineage of his lordship is very ancient, and his ancestors have held very high places in the realm, from the earliest history of our English empire. Our subject is the eldest son of Henry, the fourth Marquis of Lans- downe, fifth Earl of Kerry, etc., K.G., who was born on the 5th January, 1816, and who from 1847 to 1856 was M.P. for Caln, and was appointed a lord of the treasury in 1847. He was summoned to the House of Lords in 1856 as Baron Wycombe, and was Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1856 to 1858. He married, in 1840, Lady Georgina Herbert, daughter of George Augustus, eleventh Earl of Pembroke, which lady died in 1841. He married again, in 1843, Emily Jane Mercer Elphinstone de Flahault, Baroness Nairn, in her own right, eldest daughter of the Comte de Flahault and the Baroness Nairn and Keith. The Marquis died on the 5th July, 1866, and was succeeded to the estates and titles by the subject of our sketch. His lordship has one brother, Edmond George, M.D., barrister-at-law, M.P. for Caln, and one sister, Emily Louisa Ann. He was educated at Eton College and subsequently at Balliol College, Oxford, and of the latter university he is an M.A. He graduated with honours in classics, taking a second class. He com- menced political life as a lord of the trea- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 71 sury in Mr. Gladstone's first government, and was subsequently, in 1871, appointed Under Secretary of State for War under the Right Honourable Edward Cardwell, during whose regime, purchase was abolished in the army, the short service system introduced, and numerous other administrative reforms carried out. Upon the formation of Mr. Gladstone's second government in 1880, Lord Lansdowne accepted the appointment of Under Secretary of State for India, under the Marquis of Hartington. This appoint- ment he resigned in the same year upon the introduction by the government of the Com- pensation for Disturbance (Ireland) Bill. He has been a member of several parliamen- tary committees and commissions, includ- ing a Royal commission presided over by the Duke of Devonshire, appointed to en- quire into the advancement of science and scientific instruction ; the House of Lords Committee upon the Irish Jury Laws, and the Joint Committee of both Houses upon the Channel Tunnel. Of the last two com- mittees he was chairman. Lord Lansdowne has travelled little, most of his time hav- ing been spent upon his English and Irish estates. His Lord ship's seat is Bo wood Park, Caln, Wilts ; his town house, Lans- downe House, 54 Berkely square, London. His clubs are Brooks, Travellers, White's, Reform, Devonshire, Turf, Marlborough, and Hurlingham. The Marquis of Lans- downe married, on the 8th November, 1869, Lady Maud Evelyn Hamilton, youngest daughter of James, Duke of Abercorn, K.G. The fruits of this union are Henry William Edmond, Earl of Kerry, born 14th January, 1872 ; Charles George Francis, born 12th February, 1874 ; Evelyn Emily Mary, born 27th August, 1870, and Beat- rice Frances, born 25th November, 1877. Lord Lansdowne was appointed Governor- General of Canada on the 24th of Aug- ust, 1883 ; and he has since had the good fortune to be able to keep his guberna- torial boat out of troubled waters. Lord Dufierin became embroiled with one of our political parties because he would not dis- miss advisers whom rumour had declared guilty of an odious betrayal of public trust ; and Lord Lome stood between a lieutenant- governor and a dominant party in the coun- try, while the latter sought the destruction of the lieutenant. But no such difficulties as these have yet gathered about the path of Lord Lansdowne, and we hope his so- journ amongst us will be satisfactory to all parties. His lordship has delivered several addresses since his arrival, and it is ques- tionable if we have a readier or more effec- tive speaker in Canada. Lord Lansdowne is a young man. active and ambitious, and has chosen dignified methods for his own advancement, and we predict that he will succeed in achieving his ends. Cameron, Hon. Malcolm, was the son of Mr. Angus Cameron, formerly of Ar- gylshire, Scotland, and who came to Canada in 1806, as the hospital sergeant of a High- land regiment. The subject of this sketch was born at Three Rivers, on the 25th of April, 1808. His father, whose regiment was disbanded in 1816, kept a tavern at Perth, in the Ottawa district. Until 1822, the family resided here, after which young Malcolm's mother, anxious for the welfare of her child, now in his twelfth year, pro- cured a situation for him with a farmer on the banks of the Mississippi river. Her great dread was that the child should be- come fond of drink, or that his character should become stamped by any of the recol- lections of his father's bar-room. Stamped his character was, but in the right way. The lad had at an early age, and the feeling was with him as a man, a horror of bar-rooms, and a deep dislike for the liquor traffic. He remained a farmer's lad for about three years, when he obtained a position in a store at Laprairie. Here he disagreed with his employer, threw up his situation, and set out on foot for Montreal, in which city he took the position at first of a stable-boy. In the old country, where so many of the dis- tinguished men are born midway to their position, we suppose they could hardly be- lieve that in such a way as this some of the greatest ornaments of Canada have eet out in life. The lad's mother now opened a boarding-house in Montreal, and her son lived with her during the following winter, and attended the district school. From all that can be gathered, his mother was a noble-souled woman, with a clear sound head, a great heart, and high aims for the future of her son. Young Malcolm subse- quently obtained the position of clerk in a brewery, and this situation he held for about four years, giving great satisfaction to his employer. He saved some money, with which he purchased Hume's and Smollet's histories of England, which he read and re- read with enthusiasm. This was an evidence in a way of what the man was yet to be. He now became a wide reader, amass1 ng large stores of information. He was never scholarly or cultured, but he was well-read, intelligently read, and his range of know- ledge was wide and useful. He soon opened 72 A CYCLOPEDIA OF a general store on his own account, and during a visit to Scotland, in 1833, married his cousin, Miss Christina McGregor, daugh- ter of a Glasgow cotton spinner. Three years later he was elected for the county of Lanark in the old Upper Canada Assem- bly. Sir Francis Bond Head was now strutting abroad through the Province, and exasperating the people by the manner in which he treated their requests for redress from political grievances. Against this mock tragedian, Mr. Cameron brought the force of his strong individuality. He who had fought for everything that he had possessed was not likely to defer to the un- earned powers and positions of the domin- ant family compact. He opposed that com- bination with might and main, and though at the first his exertions seemed not unlike the sea flinging itself against the base of an invincible cliff, after a while the great fabric was seen to shiver, and then to begin rock- ing. In the parliament and upon the hust- ings he opposed oligarchy, favouritism, and corruption, advocated responsible govern- ment, and declared loudly for separation of church and state. Under Lord Bagot's ad- ministration he was Inspector of Revenue without a seat in the Cabinet ; he had already refused the Inspector-Generalship under Sydenham. Under the Baldwin-La- fontaine administration he held a seat in the Cabinet. He was once President of the Council, again Commissioner of Public Works;'was also Minister of Agriculture as well as Postmaster-General. Upon the Hincks reconstruction, in 1851, he became President of the Council. With Dr. John Rolph, somewhat after this time, he was the leader of the advanced radical element. In 1854 he was not sent to parliament, but in 1858 he was returned for Lambton again. In .1863 he withdrew from parliamentary life, and became, conjointly with Mr.George Desbarats, Queen's printer. Tn 1869 he was unsuccessful in contesting South Renfrew, and two years later he was defeated for South Lanark, in his contest for the local legislature. In 1874 he was successful again, being sent to the Commons for South On- tario. This seat he held till his death, which occurred at Ottawa, on the 1st of June, 1876. He was instrumental in the passage of much useful legislation, and strenuously advocated the abolition of imprisonment for debt. In public life he always kept his hands pure. His mercantile career was a chequered one, and he died a poor man, leaving little behind him save an irreproach- able name. Blake, lion. Samuel Hume, Q.C., of Toronto, ex-Vice Chancellor of Ontario, long senior Vice-Chancellor of the University of Toronto, is the second son of the late Honourable William Hume Blake, and bro- ther of the Honourable Edward Blake. He was born at the City of Toronto, on the 31st August, 1835. Elsewhere, in this volume the parentage of the subject of the present sketch is referred to (see the Hon. W. H. Blake, p. 53, and Hon. Edward Blake, p. 19). Samuel Blake received his early educational instruction at home, under the private tutorship of Mr. Courtney, and other gentlemen. In his eighth year he was sent to Upper Canada College, and the re- cord which remains of his career here, shows that his intellect ripened at a very early age. He was a lad of great industry, and he is said to have had an almost phenomenal ca- pacity for the mastery of his lessons. These qualities were, however, not the most strik- ing ones in the boy. At his father's fire- side he had received unusually careful and thorough training in elocution, and when he passed into the public school, he became the wonder and emulation of the classes. Mr. Barron, the principal of the school, was in the habit of holding him up as an example to the other boys ; and Lord Elgin, who attended a public examination held at the college, paid an eloquent tribute to this spe- cial accomplishment of the school-boy. On leaving college, he felt his tastes drawing him towards commercial life, and he entered the firm of Ross, Mitchell & Co., where he remained for four years. Before the period expired, he was convinced that commerce was not, after all, to his taste, and accordingly he passed the preliminary legal examination before the Law Society, and entered upon a study of law in the office of his uncle, the late Dr. Skeffington Connor. He was fired with the ambition to take a U niversity degree now, and with amazing courage began the labours of the double study of law and arts. In 1858, he graduated as B.A., and he was admitted in the same year to the bar. Im- mediately he entered into partnership with his brother, and the firm became known as that of E. & S. H. Blake. It is hardly necessary to say how popular this new firm speedily grew. A legal firm with two such brains as those possessed by Edward Blake and by S. H. Blake, could not long remain in the shadow. Business increased at such a rate, that in 1872, our subject's professional income reached closely to $15,000 per an- num. When Mr. Mowat, now premier of Ontario, retired from the vice-chancellorship CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 73 of Ontario, and Sir John A. Macdonald, in- vited Mr. Blake to accept the appointment. After some delay in considering the question, Mr. Blake consented to accept the offer. There is little room for wonder that he did hesitate, for he was relinquishing a practice that brought him $15,000 per year, for an office which gave a salary of $5,000. But he had worked overmuch, and his health was more or less undermined, and this more than anything else, probably, was the reason why he accepted Sir John's offer. Some curiously minded people said, that Sir John's appoint- ment of so young a man as Mr. Blake was intended to mollify the opposition of the young chancellor's brother in the House of Commons, but this hardly deserves contradic- tion, for anybody must know that Sir John was shrewd enough to know that Edward Blake was a man whom it was impossible to bribe. No, this appointment stands out as one of the creditable actions of Sir John Macdonald's career. Mr. Blake retained the vice-chancellorship up to 16th May, 1881, when he resigned as his predecessor had done, and resumed practice once again at the bar. His stay on the bench on the whole may have been regarded as a well- earned holiday in the calm dignity of judi- cial life. It seems strange to many why Mr. Blake should have accepted the chancellor- ship in the beginning, and it likewise puzzles them that he should have resigned once he had accepted the office. But good reasons have been shown for the acceptance, whereas with respect to the resignation, it may be said that he felt his health ready for the old work again, and a vast quantity of the old work was waiting. His brother Edward, the senior partner, found much of his time occupied with his duties as a political leader, and it would seem like a wanton sacrifice to permit to go to ruin a splendid practice which had been built up by industry, perse- verance and great ability. In later years, Mr. Edward Blake has announced his with- drawal from his regular duties as partner in the firm, the object being that he may be still better able to devote himself to the in- terest of the political party of which he is the leader. It maybe said that our subject's career as a judge was not less distinguished than it had been as an advocate. His written judgments are among the best which we have in the literature of English courts for the grace and limpid eloquence of their style, the justness of their reasoning, and the width of their grasp. On the 2nd of February, 1859, he married Rebecca, third daughter of the late Right Rev. Benjamin Cronyn, Bishop of Huron. By this union, there is a family of three children living, one son and two daughters. Mr. Blake has always taken a sincere interest in all the great moral movements with which the time and place can bring him into contact, and an especially prominent part in the affairs of the Church of England. Once only has this richly endowed man been heard upon the political hustings, and that was in 1872, when Edward Blake was abroad for his health. He went down to his brother's constituency, and addressed the people on public questions. His speeches amazed many men who could not see how it was possible for a gentleman whose life had been spent as advocate and judge to acquire such a familiarity with outside questions ; but this hardly astonished them more than his wonderful eloquence. Logan, Sir William E., F. R. G. S., F. R. S., the eminent and distinguished geologist, was born in Montreal on the 20th of April, 1798. His grandfather, James Logan, and his grandmother, Margaret Ed- mund, were natives of the parish of Stirling, Scotland. James Logan was a burgess, and carried on the business of baker. Between the years 1756 and 1772 this worthy couple had a family of six sons and three daughters born to them ; but death made sad inroads in the household, and took away one after another of this family until but two sons and two daughters remained. James Lo- gan, like many of his countrymen, thought of bettering his fortunes in the New World, and taking his wife and two sons with him, William, the eldest, born in 1759 (the father of Sir William), and Hart, the youngest, born in 1772, sailed for America, probably about 1784, and found his way to Montreal. Here he established a large bakery, and with wise forethought, purchased considerable landed property in the neighbourhood of the city, where we find him in the last decade of the century comfortably settled on his farm, William carrying on the bakery, and Hart engaged in a prosperous importing trade. In the spring of 1794, Miss Janet E. Ed- mond, of Conniehill, near Stirling, niece of Mrs. James Logan, left her Scottish home and came to Montreal, and married her cousin, William Logan. The time-honoured sequence was thus, and as time rolled on they became the parents of nine children, five sons and four daughters ; and the sub- ject of this sketch was the third child of ibis union. The father, appreciating the value of education, sent William and his brother to an excellent school kept by Alex- 74 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ander Skakel, afterwards headmaster of the Royal Grammar School, in little St. James street. Skakel was a determined Scotch- man, and like many a schoolmaster of his day and generation, was thoroughly ac- quainted with the art of flogging ; but he was a good classical scholar, and trained his scholars well. Under him young Logan seems to have progressed satisfactorily, and to have acquired, among other things, a capacity for thrashing bigger boys than him- self. Whether he had learned all that his Montreal master had to teach him we are unable to say, but at any rate, in 1814, his father determined to send him to the High School at Edinburgh, which was then in the zenith of its reputation. Here he made good progress, and became a student in the University, and during the session of 1816- '17 attended the classes in logic, chemistry, and mathematics. During this one session at college he studied with great diligence, and obtained the first prize in mathematics, with " the goodwill of all the competitors," and here young Logan's university career came to an end. In 1818 he entered the mercantile office of his uncle, Mr. Hart Lo- gan, of London, and after a time became a partner in the firm. After returning to Canada fora short time, where his attention was drawn to the geological characteristics of this country, he again crossed the Atlan- tic in 1829, and took up his reasidence in South Wales, Swansea, as manager of cop- per smelting and coal mining operations, in which his uncle was interested ; but he left this situation soon after the death of the latter in 1838. During his seven years' residence in South Wales, Mr. Logan de- voted himself to the study of the coal fields of that region ; and his minute and accurate maps and sections were adopted by the ord- nance geological survey, and published by the Government, under Sir Henry de la Beche's superintendence. He was the first to de- monstrate that the stratum of under clay, as it is called, which always underlies coal beds, was the soil on which the coal vegeta- tion grew. In 1841 Sir William visted the coal fields of Pennsylvania and Nova Scotia, and communicated several valuable memoirs on the subject to the Geological Society of London. At this time he began an exam- ination of the older palaeozoic rocks of Canada ; and the celebrated geological sur- vey of Canada having been commenced, he was appointed its head, a trust which sufficiently indicated the high opinion en- tertained of his abilities and attainments by the government. This preference was, however, nothing more than he was en- titled to, considering the immense sacri- fice which he made to remain in, and con- fine his studies to, a country endeared to him by all the ties of birth and station. It is a well known fact that he refused several offers from other governments for his services, including India, where a princely fortune was to be made by the geolo- gist. In the course of his investigations upon the rocks of the Eastern Townships, which are the continuation of those of New England, Sir William showed that, so far from being, as had been supposed, primi- tive azoic rocks, they were altered and crystalized palaeozoic strata ; a fact which, although suspected, had not hitherto been demonstrated, and which was the key to the geology of North-Eastern America. He found the rocks, which form the Laurentide and Adirondack mountains, previously re- garded as unstratified, to be disturbed and altered sedimentary deposits of vast thick- ness, equal perhaps to all the hitherto known stratified rocks of the earth's crust. In 1851 Sir William represented Canada in the Great Exhibition in London ; and had charge of the Canadian geological collection which had been made by himself or under his im- mediate direction. It was exhibited with great skill and judgment, displaying to the best advantage the mineral resources of Canada. The labour of arranging the speci- mens was very great, and so enthusiastic was he that frequently he sallied out at eight or ten in the morning, and would work for twelve hours without waiting to take re- freshment. He had the satisfaction of knowing that his countrymen appreciated his services, and medals in profusion were allotted to Canada. He was also a com- missioner from Canada at the Industrial Exhibition at Paris in 1855, when he re- ceived from the imperial commission the grand gold medal of honour, and was created a Knight of the Legion of Honour. He re- ceived the honour of knighthood from the Queen's hands, in 1856 ; and in the same year was awarded by the Geological So- ciety, of which he had long been a member, the Wollaston Palladium medal, for his pre- eminent services in geology. Sir William Logan was not only a Fellow of the Royal Society of London ('1851), the Royal So- ciety of Edinburgh (1861), and the Geologi- cal Societies of London (1837) and Edin- burgh (1867), but also a member of the Geological Societies of France (1842) and Belgium (1847), of the Imperial Leopoldo- Carolinian Academy of Germany (1857), the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 75 Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences (1846), the Maine Historical Society (1847), the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis (1857), the American Academy of Arts and Scien- ces, Boston (1859), the State Historical So- cieties of Wisconsin and Iowa (1859), the American Philosophical Society (I860), the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences (1863), etc., etc. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Civil Law from the University of Lennoxville, in 1855, and that of Doctor of Laws from McGill University in 1856. He died on the 22nd of June, 1875, in Wales, England, and his body lies in the quiet churchyard of Llechryd. He was never married. Schreiber, Collingwood, C. E., Ottawa, Chief Engineer and General Man- ager of Government Railways, and Engineer in Chief of the Canadian Pacific Railway, was born in Colchester, Essex, England, on De- cember 14th, 1831. When in his twenty-first year he sailed for Canada, where the activity in the construction of railways and public works promised well to a man of ability and enterprise. Shortly after his arrival he ob- tained a position upon the engineering staff of the Hamilton and Toronto Railway, continuing in this employment till the com- pletion of the road in 1856. Thereafter he engaged in fairly profitable private prac- tice in Toronto, till 1860, when he en- tered the service of the Northern Rail- way of Canada, where he was employed making a restoration of the works upon the line. When the engagement was end- ed he entered the service of the Nova Scotia Government as division engineer of the Pictou Railway, and continued in charge of the works till their completion in 1867. His reputation as an engineer is wide- spread, and it was a reputation of consider- able brilliancy. When the construction of an Intercolonial Railway through Nova Scotia and by the seaboard of New Brunswick was decided upon, there was no hesitation in considering that Mr. Schreiber was emi- nently qualified for the work of surveying a portion of the route, he was, therefore, in 1868, appointed by the Dominion govern- ment to take charge of the surveys of the Intercolonial route, via Lake Temiscouata. The year following he was placed in charge of the Eastern Extension Railway, as super- intending engineer. In 1871 he was appoint- ed superintending engineer and commis- sioners' agent for the entire length of the In- tercolonial Railway. This position he held with eminent satisfaction until 1873, when he was appointed chief engineer of Govern- meat railways in operation. This position, it may be said, he continues to fill in con- junction with that of chief engineer of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Perhaps in the whole history of gentlemen connected with engineering in this country, there is no re- cord that one will so readily pause to ad- mire as that of Mr. Schreiber. His progress has been continuous, he has passed from one position of responsibility to another of still higher, with great rapidity, yet this is not due in any degree to political influence, and the writer believes that persons from both sides of politics have joined in bearing testimony to Mr. Schreiber's ability as an engineer and an administrator. Mr. Schrei- ber married a daughter of the late Captain McLean, of Scarborough, Ontario. Galt, Sir Alex. Tillocli, G.C.M.G., D.C.L., is the youngest son of the late Mr. John Galt, a gentleman of some literary note, but of wider distinction from his long and successful connection with the Canada Company. Alexander Tilloch Galt was born at Chelsea, London, England, on the 6th of September, 1817, so that he is now in his sixty-seventh year. When he was a lad it is said that he was a pet of the literary lions who used to visit at his father's house, and that by the time he had reached his four- teenth year, he had become a contributor to the magazines. Two years after his first literary venture, he obtained a situation in the British America Land Company, and young Galt took up his abode in Sherbrooke, the Eastern Townships being the scene of the company's operations. By close appli- cation to business he rose steadily in the service, and in 1844 was appointed com- missioner. For twelve years he held this position, during which the business of the company was prosperous, and the manage- ment of its affairs most satisfactory. In 1849, Mr. Galt entered parliament as the representative for Sherbrooke. " As a politician," says one writer, " he has always been remarkable for the moderation of his views, and has had little sympathy with the violent party measures of either side. " From the outset, he has always professed liberal opinions, though upon entering parliament he opposed the liberal administration of Messrs. Baldwin and Lafontaine, and voted against the Rebellion Losses Bill. He took part in the annexation movement of that troubled period, and was one of the signa- tories to the famous manifesto. Upon the removal of the seat of government from Montreal to Toronto, consequent upon the destruction of the parliament buildings in 76 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the former city, Mr. Galt retired from pub- lic life, and returned to his duties in connec- tion with the Land Company. In 1853 he entered political life again, being returned for the town of Sherbrooke, which seat he retained till Confederation. He put himself in opposition to the Hincks-Morin govern- ment, and gave a sort of uneven support to the succeeding administration, till its fall in 1858. When the short-lived Brown Dorion administration came to an end, Sir Edmund Head invited Mr. Galt to form a govern- ment, but he declined, and the " double shuffle " set the wheels of government roll- ing all right again. In the Cartier-Mac- donald administration Mr. Galt accepted the post of Minister of Finance, as succes- sor to Mr. Cayley. The finances of the country were in a deplorable state when Mr. Galt went into office, and there seemed to be little confidence among the mercantile community. But the new Finance Minister had a clear capable head, his experience in financial matters was wide, and he had been singularly successful. Therefore it was that public confidence was in a measure re- stored when it became known that he had taken office. Then the stars began to work in his favour. There were no summer frosts, but there was a due proportion of rain and sunshine. The crops throve well, and the harvest was abundant. The mer- chants took heart and imported largely, and the result was that the Finance Minister was soon able to report a surplus. He con- solidated the public debt of Canada and ob- tained a loan in England. Upon the forma- tion of the Tache-Macdonald government in March, 1864, he again became Minister of Finance. Mr. Galt had for many years been favourable to a scheme of Federal union for the provinces, and had gone to England, accompanied by Sir George Cartier and Sir John Rose, to urge the scheme upon the Imperial government. When the move- ment for Confederation was inaugurated, he rolled up his sleeves and worked loyally till the close. He attended both the Charlotte- town and Quebec conferences, and was in London in 1867, when the final terms of union were decided upon. In 1866 he went to Washington, and represented the Canadian government in an endeavour to obtain a re- newal of reciprocity with the United States. Some time afterwards he differed from his colleagues on their educational policy, and resigned. In the first Dominion govern- ment, under Sir John Macdonald, he was Minister of Finance. He did not retain this position long, but resigned and took a seat as a private member. He strenuously opposed Sir John Macdonald's mission to Washington in 1871, but voted with the government, when the treaty, in the making of which Sir John was one of the commis- sioners, came before the House of Commons for ratification. He opposed the pledge to build the Pacific Railway in ten years, but during the session following he voted for this same pledge. In 1869 he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. In 1872 he once more entered private life. In 1880 he was appointed High Commissioner for Canada, to the Court of St. James, at a salary of $10,000 a year, and a residence, but it seems that the position was never very congenial to him, and he resigned the post in 1883, when Sir Charles Tupper was appointed to succeed him. Since Sir Alexander's return to Canada he has been in private life, but his splendid intellectual powers are yet in their full strength, and it would be a great pity if the services of one so eminent should be lost to the country. . Windatt, Richard, Bowmanville, the gentleman selected for this biographical notice was born at Cornwall, England, on the 10th of July, 1821. His father was Andrew Windatt, and he married Elizabeth Davy, of which union comes Richard Win- datt. These parents arrived in Canada in 1835, and took up their abode in Darling- ton. Shortly after getting settled, Andrew Windatt established himself in business in Bowmanville. Our subject received his education partly in England, and subse- quently in Bowmanville. Having com- pleted his studies, he went upon a farm for some years, as so many young men in these days were obliged to do on first coming to the country. But farming in this fashion was not an attractive occupation to our sub- ject, so he very soon set himself to learn the trade of a cooper, which calling he be- lieved promised good remuneration. He continued at this trade for some years, and retired, to be shortly afterwards ap- pointed town clerk of Bowmanville. This position he has retained ever since the date of his acceptance of the office in 1857. At the time of the Fenian raids he became a member of the Home Guards, ob- taining first an ensign's and afterwards a lieutenant's commission. Mr. Windatt was, in 1883, appointed clerk for the township of Darlington, and still holds the office. He has always been interested in the pro- gress of education, and has been a member of the Bowmanville School Board for the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 77 last twelve years, and on several occasions occupied the position of chairman of the board ; and has been for some years chair- man of the Board of Licensed Commission- ers for West Durham. He is a strong advocate of temperance, and identified himself prominently with the agitation in favour of the Crooks' Act. He is a Son of Temperance, holding the position of P.G. W.A. In the manufacturing interests of his town, he has always exhibited a very marked interest. Among the enterprises with which he has been identified may be mentioned the Dominion Organ and Piano Company and the Bowmanville Cabinet Factory. He has travelled through the older portions of Canada, and also through the North-West. Mr. Windatt was brought up in the Methodist faith, but in these later years he has been a member of the Dis- ciples of Christ. In politics he always has been a steadfast, conscientious and intelli- gent reformer, believing that the principles affirmed by that party must prove best for the country's interests in time. In 1850, he married Miss Yonnie, a native of Montreal. Her parents came to this country in 1814. By this union he has had six children. Mr. Windatt's manner is genial and kindly, and it is not difficult, therefore, to divine the secret of his popularity. Carling, lion. John, M. P. for the City of London, Ontario, and Postmaster- General of the Dominion of Canada, was the youngest son of Thomas Carling, a na- tive of Yorkshire, England, who came to Canada in 1818, and settled in the County of Middlesex the following year. John Carling was born in the township of London, on the 23rd of January, 1828, and was edu- cated in the public school there. While quite young he became a member of the brewing firm of Carling & Co., London, and was an active member of it for a num- ber of years. He took part in nearly all public matters, and was for several years, a director of the Great Western Railway Com- pany ; the London, Huron & Bruce Rail- way Company; and the London & Port Stanley Railway Company, and was also chairman of the Board of Water Commis- sioners of the City of London. In 1857 Mr. Carling aspired to parliamentary honours,on the conservative side, and was returned by a considerable majority over the liberal can- didate, Elijah Leonard, and continued to hold the position continuously down to the time of Confederation. Mr. Carling is not a demonstrative member, but the same clear- headedness and calm judgment that had served him so well in his important success- ful business affairs has stood him in good stead as a parliamentary representative. In 1862 he made his first appearance as a cabinet minister, having been appointed Receiver- General. At the general election, after the consummation of Confederation, Mr. Carling was again elected to the House of Commons, and was likewise returned as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. In the Ontario Assembly he was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Public Works, under the Sandfield-Macdonald administra- tion, and this portfolio he retained till 1871, when fortune went against the administra- tion, and it was forced to resign. In 1878 Mr. Carling was again returned to Parlia- ment, and took his seat in the House of Commons, at Ottawa, but he did not take a portfolio in the new cabinet. However, in 1882, he was made Postmaster-General, and he has proven himself a careful, capable, and popular officer ever since. Although the Hon. Mr. Carling seldom makes a speech, but when he does it is always season- able and to the point. He is married to Hannah, eldest daughter of the late Henry Dalton, of London, Ontario. Drew, George Alexander, of the village of Elora, in the County of Welling- ton, Ontario, judge of the County Court of Wellington, local judge for the High Court of Justice for Ontario, chairman of the General Sessions of the Peace, and j udge for the Surrogate Court for the County of Wel- lington, was born on the 28th February, 1827, near the village of Williamstown, County of Glengarry, Ontario. He is a son of John Drew, and Margaret, nee McKay, and is a great grandson of a United Em- pire loyalist, who was a Highland Scotch- man. Our subject received his education at the grammar schools in Williamstown and Cornwall. He first married on the 6th May, 1856, Elizabeth Mary, eldest daughter of the late John Jacob, of Port de Grave,, Newfoundland. She died, and he married again on the 6th July, 1865, Maria Louise, second daughter of the said John Jacob. By the last marriage there are three child- ren, one son, John Jacob Drew, and two daughters, Elizabeth Ma'ry Drew and Han- nah Bennet Garland Drew. There were no children by the first marriage. To look back now for a period', it may be stated that our subject having completed his education, resolved to adopt the legal profession, and therefore began the study of the law under the late Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald, at the town of Cornwall. He was called to 78 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the bar of Ontario in 1854, and in June of 1855 settled in the said village of Elora, where he always continued to reside and practice his profession. It soon became apparent that the young barrister was possessed of much more than the ordinary legal attainments ; his business grew apace, and he soon acquired lucrative employ- ment. On the 18th December, 1872, he was appointed Queen's Counsel. He had not long practised his profession before he began to take interest in public questions, and when in 1867 he came before his riding for election there were few men better informed than he upon questions of the day, and it hardly needs to be said that there were few who could discuss these questions with more vigour and readiness. He was elect- ed for the North Riding of Wellington, and was re-elected for the same constituency in 1878. Throughout his public career our subject has been a steadfast Liberal Conser- vative, always gave a hearty support to Sir John Macdonald and his government. He was an ardent supporter of the national policy, and warmly advocated the early completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He retired from politics on the dissolution of Parliament in 1882, and was on the 23rd day of May, 1882, appointed Judge of the County of Wellington, and on the 27th day of June, 1882, was appointed local Judge of the High Court of Justice. Frankland, Garratt Frank, Al- derman, Toronto, was born in the village of Barrowford, Lancashire, England on the 7th of September, 1834. His parents were John Frankland and Ann Dixon. John Frank- land, his father, died in 1862, and his mother, Mrs. Frankland, in 1865. Mr. Frankland, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Grammar School, in the village of Mars- den, Lancashire, and received such an edu- cation as would prepare him for a commer- cial life. When he left school he was ap- prenticed to a farmer and butcher for five years. At the expiration of this apprentice- ship he left the old country and came to Canada, settling in Toronto. On arriving in Toronto, in 1854, he commenced life as a purveyor of animal food in St. Lawrence market. His early training for this busi- ness led eventually to the export of Canadian produce, especially cattle, sheep and horses, with which his name will ever be connected as one of the early pioneers of this great in- dustry. In recognition of his services, the citizens of Toronto, in 1876, presented Mr. Frankland with a magnificent present, con- sisting of a service of silver plate and a clock of Parisian marble, accompanied by an illuminated address. At present he is engaged as an extensive exporter and feeder of cattle. In 1882 he was appointed one of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace, and in 1885 was elected aiderman for St. Lawrence ward. He belongs to the Freemason order, and is also a life-member of St. George's Society. Mr. Frankland has travelled a great deal, having crossed the Atlantic about fifty times, and has been the means of intro- ducing Canadian cattle into the markets of Great Britain, Ireland, France and Germany. He has also done an extensive business with Albany, New York and Boston. In religion he is Episcopalian, and in politics a Liberal. He was married in 1857, to Miss Jane Nelson, of Toronto, by whom he has had a large family, six of whom are alive. Mr. Frankland's career has been an eminently successful one, and highly creditable. Rennie, William, seed merchant, Tor- onto, was born in the township of Scarboro', County of York, on the 15th of March, 1835, in a small log cabin. H is father and mother emigrated from near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1832, and settled in Scarboro' in 1833, without any means. Our subject received a limited education at the common school, where the rod was freely used by the teacher, the late Sheriff Maughn, of Owen Sound. Being the eldest of the family, William had to take the lead in all work connected with the farm. There were neither reaping machines, mowing machines, nor threshing machines in his young days, so that work on the farm was laborious and repellant compared to what it is now ; yet a farmer's life in those days, with all its drawbacks, had its pleasant associations. When twenty- three years of age our subject spent a sum- mer travelling in England, Scotland and Ireland, and also visited the Orkney Islands. When in his twenty-fifth year, less one day, he commenced farming on his own account in Markham township, County of York, on a farm bought previously by his father, which farm he now owns. Two years after he married Sarah Glendinning, daughter of the late John Glendinning, a Scarboro' neigh- bour, and schoolmate. In 1870 he rented his farm, and began at his present imple- ment and seed business in Toronto, on Adelaide Street east, near Jarvis, next door to where he is at present. This business has been a very great success. He also has an implement factory at 112 Richmond Street west, where he manufactures the elevator ditching machine for underdraining. On this CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 79 machine he spent a large amount of money and time in perfecting it before it was put on the market, and it has proved a decided success. Mr. Rennie has a family of four sons, all of whom assist him in his business. He is first vice-president of the York Pio- neers Society ; a member of the St. Andrew and Caledonian societies, and an enthusiastic devotee of the roaring game of curling. He is a Reformer in politics ; and has been an elder of the Presbyterian Church since 1869. He has likewise been an officer in the Indus- trial Exhibition Association since its com- mencement, and he also belongs to the Electoral District Horticultural Society, and is one of its directors. His career has been one of unceasing industry ; his methods just and honourable, and his labours have been crowned with success. Campbell, Sir Alexander, K. C. M. G., is by name and blood a Scotchman, by birth an Englishman, and by adoption a Canadian. He is a son of the late Dr. James Campbell, and was born in 1821 at the village ofHedon, near Kingston-upon-Hull, in the East Riding of Yoikshire, England. His parents emigrated to Canada when he was only two years old and settled at Lachine. Young Alexander received his early tuition at the hands of a Presbyterian minister, spend- ing some time also at the Roman Catholic Seminary of St. Hyacinthe. He completed his education under Mr.George Butler of the Kingston Royal Grammar School, Butler being the same master to whom the training of young John A. Macdonald also fell. In 1838 he passed the preliminary legal exam- ination, and entered upon a study of the law, in the office of the late Mr. Henry Cas- sidy, an eminent lawyer in Kingston. In this office he remained till Mr. Cassidy's death in 1839, then he became a pupil of Mr. John A. Macdonald, who at this time was doing a fairly prosperous legal business in Kings- ton. He was admitted as an attorney at the Hilary term of 1842. He immediately form- ed a co-partnership with Mr. Macdonald, and the firm was thereafter for some time known as Macdonald & Campbell. The firm throve, for there was not so much com- petition then as there is now. Macdonald was a shrewd though never by any means a great lawyer, but he had much tact with juries, and was endowed with giod common sense. Young Campbell was cool headed, and did not kindle as William Hume Blake used to do some years before when address- ing the court, but he compelled respect for his cautious manner. They soon found themselves in possession of a handsome competence, and feeling certain that their legal business was on a firm basis, they be- gan to think of politics. From 1851 to 1852 Mr. Campbell was aiderman for one of the Kingston wards. In 1856 he was created a Queen's Counsel. In 1858 he was elected to the Legislative Council in the Liberal-Con- servative interest for the Cataraqui Division, and he always won respect for the sober- ness and soundness of his views. He was not a man that flamed across the political sky, and attracted every eye suddenly. Respect for him grew slowly, but it grew, and in 1863 he was chosen as Speaker of the Council. In 1864 he was asked to form a cabinet, but de- clined. In the Tache-Macdonald Ministry he accepted the portfolio of Crown Lands Commissioner, and held this position through the various shifts of administration down to Confederation. He was a staunch advocate of Confederation, and ably championed the cause in the Upper House, and was kept much on the alert in replying to Mr. Currie of Niagara, who fancied that from the con- federation scheme would issue all sorts of political plagues and mischief, and it is admit- ted now that he very effectually bore down the contentions of this fertile prophet of harm. In 1867 he was called to the Senate, in which body he has sat since, maintaining the same characteristics that won him regard and attention in his earlier career. On the first of July of the same year he was ap- pointed Postmaster-General, and retained the position for about six months, and then became Minister of the Interior. This posi- tion he did not hold long, for his party went out of office in 1873. He has since held differ- ent portfolios, and is at present Minister of Justice, a position for which he seems pecu- liarly well adapted, from the sober judicial cast of his mind. In 1879 he was created a knight of the order of St. Michael and St. George, at an investiture held in Montreal by the Governor-General. He married, in 1855, Miss Georgina Frederica Locke, a daughter of Mr. Thomas Sandwith, of Be- verley, Yorkshire, England. Altogether, Sir Alexander Campbell's life has been a useful one to the public. Orr, William II., Manager for West- ern Canada of the JEcna Life Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., was born near Bowmanville, Ontario, October 1st, 1836. He received a good common school educa- tion, and was apprenticed to the business of printing in connection with the first news- paper published in Bowmanville-the Bow- mansville Messenger. His father, Henry Orr, was a native of Fintona, Tyrone county, 80 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Ireland, and came to America when a young man, and settled near Woodstock, N. B., where he engaged in lumbering and building. His mother, Eunice, nee Kimball, was a Nova Scotian of Scottish descent. One half of the family of twelve were born near Frede- ricton, New Brunswick, and the other half in Darlington township, Ontario. Farming having proved too heavy an employment for so delicate a frame as that which our subject possessed in his early days, the lighter work of setting type was chosen. Many a noon hour while a printer did he devote to books and papers in the office, dinner being deem- ed of small account in comparison with the advantage to be had from an hour's study. And while other boys were on the green with bat and ball, young Orr studied the French dictionary and picked sense and meaning and mental power out of the crow tracks of Pitman's phonography. Our sub- ject left Bowmanville at the end of three years, and went to New York city and acted as compositor upon a paper called Yankee Notions. He acted likewise as short-hand amanuensis to a Tribune reporter, and as clerk in the supply department of a hygienic cure. He entered as a student in the Hy- dropathic College, under the care of Drs. Trail, Taylor, Dio Lewis, and other famous thinkers of the period. About this time he assisted Henry S. Clubb, of Manchester, England, now of Grand Rapids, Michigan, in compiling a work entitled the " History and Results of Prohibition," and subse- quently travelled through New York state as agent of the " Maine Law Statistical So- ciety." Reaching Rochester, he was em- ployed by the Daily Tribune to report the Lyceum Lectures. His first attempt was said to have been perfectly shocking to read. All the applause and cheers of a four-column lecture were there, but only half a column of the matter. Rapid improvement was made, however, and this department of the paper proved quite a success-much more so than the paper itself. In the spring of 1856, the subject of our sketch returned to his native province, and though not yet of age, became editor of the Oshawa Vindi- cator, founded six months previously by McMillen & Luke, his father having pur- chased for him the interest of the first named partner. At once the young editor connected himself with the temperance movement, and refused to insert liquor ad- vertisements in his columns. The paper lost a few hundred dollars by this course, but gained what was of more value, and has made money for its several owners from that time till now. His printing office was once consumed by fire, but the paper was resuscitated, and his interest was shortly afterward disposed of to John Larke, now reeve of Oshawa. After a brief respite spent in travel, partly in the Muskoka dis- trict and partly through the Eastern States, we next trace his hand in the leading edi- torial articles of the Toronto Daily Globe. Hon. George Brown was in the Government, Gordon Brown in poor health, and therefore, during a considerable period the editorial care fell upon our subject and another writer, named Johnston, since deceased, with J. Ross Robertson, now of the Tele- gram, as their city reporter. In February, 186G, Mr. Orr, who, while in Oshawa, had married a daughter of the late Henry Ped- lar, left journalism as a profession, and moved to Montreal, as one of the firm of S. Pedlar & Co., managers for Canada of the H5tna Life Insurance Co., of Hartford, Conn. This firm's canvassing success soon stimulated their sleepy competitors, and the business shortly grew to dimensions which attracted the attention of other out- side companies, and of the Dominion Gov- ernment, and led to the establishment of the present insurance department, with Professor Cherriman as superintendent. Jealous of the success of the 2Etna in Ca- nada, doing business as it did at that time on the half-note system, most of the other companies united in a crusade against it through the Montreal Daily News. Mr. Orr's press training now came into play, and the columns of the Montreal Gazette gave answer to the charges of the News in such manner as to turn the tide again strongly in the favour. Its strength and soundness and reliable character were thoroughly demonstrated, otherwise the outcome of the controversy must have been disastrous to it. About this time one of the three members of the firm, John Garvin, moved to Toronto, and established the company's business in Ontario. In 1870, Mr. Orr was induced to acquire the interest of Mr. Pedlar, and a few years later, by de- sire of the company, he also took charge of the Western Canada branch, and for some years had the management of the entire business for the Dominion. His health, however, began to give way under so heavy a strain, the business having grown to large proportions, and he therefore invited Dr. J. R. Alexander, who had proved himself a most successful general agent, to take the care of the Montreal city agency off his hands. Subsequently Mr. T. R. Christmas, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 81 his faithful cashier for twelve years, was given a partnership in the Eastern branch, which was conducted at Montreal under the name of Orr & Christmas, while Mr. Orr removed to Toronto early in 1878, the bet- ter to reorganize and develop the Western Canada Branch. Five years later, both branches having grown amazingly, his east- ern interest was disposed of to Mr. Christ- mas. He is now pushing the ./Etna Life's business on to the westward, occupying the handsomest life insurance office in the city, at No. 9 Toronto Street, Toronto. He is ably seconded by his two sons, both of whom have been educated and trained to the work ; also by a carefully selected staff of assistants and general travelling agents. No one is employed, as a rule, in the office or in the field, who is not a practical temperance man, and who does not devote his entire time and energies to the work assigned him. Our subject comes of Presbyterian stock, but he is a Methodist, and one of the lead- ers and officials of the Metropolitan Church, near which he resides, in Toronto. He takes a warm interest in all temperance, benevolent and reform movements, and was one of the originators of the coffee house enterprizes both in Montreal and Toronto. Harston, Charles Grenville, Tor- onto, the subject of this sketch, was born at Tamworth, Staffordshire, England, on August 10th, 1844. His father, Edward Harston, was a member of the Church of England, rector of Tamworth, and the first known man there in connection with the High Church movement. Young Harston was educated fur a soldier, many of his rela- tives being connected with the army. At twelve he was captain of a boys infantry corps, showing soldierly proclivities at thip early age. He was subsequently employed in Russia, Roumania and Turkey, and has served and travelled, knowing every inch of the ground, from Russia down to Gib- ralter. After having retired from service in the Royal marines, with rank and title of captain, he came to Canada in 1876, and went first to Muskoka, where he established a settlement known as Ilfracombe. He brought out twenty-five young Englishmen to this settlement and an Episcopal clergy- men, and built a church in it and a grist thill. He sold out in November, 1884, and came to Toronto, taking the management of the Standard Life Assurance Company of Ontario. He is in command of E Com- pany of Grenadiers, and commanded No. 4 Company Royal Grenadiers duiing the late rebellion in the North-West. This company led the famous charge at Batoche on 12th May, 1885, and for the work done that day Capt. Harston was promoted to be brigade major of Col. Straubenzie's, or "the fight- ing brigade " which staff appointment he held during the rest of the campaign. Mr. Harston is a Freemason; greatly devoted to athletic sports, and very fond of shooting, being the originator of a new game law for the better protection of game. He is also secretary of the Dominion Kennel Club, and much of the success of the exhibition last year is said to have been due to him. He has invented a new rifle, the "Har- ston," which some authorities think will supersede the "Martini-Henry." He is a staunch member of the Church of England, and a strong tory, but he, however, favours judicial reforms in Canada, and abominates everything in the shape of bribery or cor- ruption. He was married in 1870 to Mary Regina Ellis, whose father was a large ship- owner of London, England. Mr. Harston has re-visited England since he came out, and on the last occasion was the guest of his brother officers, and visited Alexandria ten days after the bombardment in 1882. It may be said that Captain Harston is one of those active, generous hearted, public- spirited men of whom any community has reason to be proud. The following his- toric facts may prove interesting :-The family came originally from Harston, in Cambridgeshire. It was once called Hart- Ston, so the family crest was naturally a hart (or stag); but our subject's paternal grandmother was a Jervis-Cooke, descended on through a female line of the Ellis' of Kedal Hall, Yorkshire, and through them from the Earl de Gray and Ripon up to Edward, the Black Prince. Through this line came to the family a curious old piece of plate, a cruet with silver bottles and thereon a crest of a naked woman with her hair all down. This has been the crest of that line for ages, but has been modernised into a mermaid. Tradition says they came by it in the following way :-Ages ago, in the days of Robin Hood, bandits, robbers, etc., there dwelt on the estate adjoining that of the family's ancestors, in Yorkshire, a beautiful and rich lady who lived alone in her castle and loved to roam through her forest and lands. One day as one ancestor was riding home through the woods from hunting, he heard the screams of a woman, and with the gallantry of the time, immedi- ately rode to succour the damsel. He pre- sently found himself in a small glade, and perceived his lovely neighbour stripped 82 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF naked and tied to a tree, whilst three robbers were dividing the spoils of which they had stripped her. To rush forward and ride down these ruffians was the work of a moment, and then springing off his horse, wrapped his long riding cloak about the form of the fair lady, and mounting his horse, bore her unconscious form before him on the saddle to her home. This piece of plate was a memento of his exploit, pre- sented to him by the lady herself, whom it is believed, he afterwards married. He adopted the figure of her tied to the tree, and she had it engraven as his crest. Hallam, John, was born in Chorley, Lancashire, England, on October 13th, 1833, His parents were operatives in a cotton fac- tory in Chorley, and were very poor, but they were honest and respectable, and frugal and thrifty. As soon as our subject was able to do anything he was put at work in a factory, and had no opportunity of getting education until he became twenty years of age, and then it was only by attending a night school that he attained his object. He came to Canada on September 2nd, 1856, arriving in Toronto ; and on his arrival there he ex- perienced very hard times, and was obliged to work at anything that offered. So for a period he was employed putting down posts, digging, delivering flour and feed, and doing other kinds of labour. He began business on his own account in June, 1866, as a hide, wool and leather merchant, and has succeed- ed in establishing a large and lucrative trade. He occupied the position of aiderman for the city of Toronto for twelve years, and during part of that period acted as chairman of the Industrial Exhibition and many other important committees. He resigned the position in 1883, wishing to devote more of his time to his own affairs. Mr. Hallam was the first chairman of the Free City Library, and this institution is under no small obligation to him for its existence. From the time the project was first spoken of until the present, he has worked un- ceasingly for its success, and it must be a great pleasure to him to think that his ex- ertions have been crowned with such abun- dant success. He has very generously presented the Library with 2,000 very valu- able books. Mr. Hallam has travelled a great deal, having visited almost every country in Europe, except Norway and Russia, and nearly every state in the United States of America. In religion Mr. Hallam is a liberal Christian, refusing to be bound by any creed or confession, and he worships God in accordance with the light of his con- science. In politics, he is an uncompromis- ing radical of the Lancashire type, and a free-trader ; the folly of protection having been brought home to him while he resided in England. He remembers having seen 6d. paid for a loaf of bread, which two days before had cost (under the Corn Laws) double that sum. Mr. Hallam is the very personification of activity, and this, com- bined with his unusual ability, has enabled him to grapple with and overcome the hard fortune which met him at the beginning of his life. His public carefir has been a very useful, and in many respects, a very brilliant one. As a legislator at the municipal board he was quick and eminently practical ; while it stands upon record that he has propounded several measures of considerable municipal importance. Among these may be mentioned the abolition of tax exemption. He like- wise advocated the abolition of taxes on incomes and personal property for municipal purposes, and maintained that the tax upon real estate is the only true basis of taxation. Mr. Hallam has been married twice ; and his second wife, who is now living, came from Baltimore. Altogether Mr. Hallam's career has been highly honourable to himself, and not a little profitable to the community. Langevin, Sir Hector Louis, K.C. M.G., the present Minister of Public Works for Canada, and the foremost living French- Canadian statesman, was born at the City of Quebec on the 25th of August, 1826. His father was the late M. John Langevin, who was assistant Civil Secretary under Lords Gosford and Sydenham ; and his mother was Sophia Scholastique, a daughter of Major La Force, who served his country with much gallantry during the invasion of 1812-14. Young Hector Louis, the subject of this sketch, received his education at the Quebec Seminary, and in 1846 he left school to begin the study of law with the late Hon. A. N. Morin, at Montreal. He had an early taste for literature, and while pursuing his studies, wrote a great deal for the press. He became editor of the Melanges Iteligieux in 1847, and subsequently editor of the Journal of Agriculture, both papers being published in Montreal. When M. Morin retired from practice, Langevin entered the office of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier. Thus be- gan the connection between those two dis- tinguished men which was destined to last so long, to be so close and so loyal, and of such importance to the French Canadians, as well as to the Dominion of Canada. In 1854 M. Langevin married Justine, eldest daughter of the late Lieut.-Colonel Charles CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 83 H. Tetu, J.P. In 1856 he was elected re- presentative of Palace Ward in the Quebec City Council, and subsequently became chairman of the Water Works Committee. In 1857 he became editor of the Conrrier du Canada, and during the absence of the mayor, Dr. Morrin, in England, acted as chief magistrate of Quebec city. He was chosen in the same year, 1857, as mayor of Quebec, and also as the parliamentary re- presentative for the County of Dorchester. He very naturally was found supporting the administration, one of the leaders of which was the gentleman at whose hands he had received his political as well as his legal training. The Macdonald-Cartier Ministry, however, held life by a very precarious ten- ure, and as the difficulties thickened about it, numbers' yielded up their seats, and it was forced to resign. Then Mr. George Brown was called to office, but had to re- linquish it in three days. The old ministry was recalled to power, and a readjustment took place. On the 30th of March, 1864, M. Langevin became a Queen's Counsel, and on the same day entered the Tache- Macdonald administration as Solicitor-Gen- eral East. In 1866 he became Postmaster- General, which office he retained till the con- summation of Confederation. In the con- federation movement he took a prominent part. He was a delegate to Charlottetown, was a member of the Quebec Conference, and went to England to aid the Home Office in perfecting the Confederation scheme. During this entire movement the tact, suavity and broad statesmanship which has been shown so prominently in later years came into light. Sir George Cartier was energetic, forceful, patriotic, but he had not the savoir-faire of M. Langevin, and he often exasperated where he should have conciliated. In the first Dominion ad- ministration M. Langevin was Secretary of State for the Dominion, and the following year he was created a C. B. civil. In 1869 he assumed the portfolio of Public Works. In 1870 he was created a Knight Com- mander of the Roman Order of Pope Gre- gory the Great. During Sir George Cartier's absence in England, in 1873, M. Langevin acted as leader of the French Canadian Con- servative party, and upon the death of his chief he became the permanent leader. In 1873, on the downfall of Sir John Macdon- ald's administration he resigned office. At the general elections of 1878 he was an un- successful candidate for Rimouski; but Mr. William McDougall, the member for Three Rivers, however, made way for him, and he was chosen for the vacated constituency by acclamation. In the new Conservative ad- ministration he became Postmaster-General, which office he retained till 1879, when he became again Minister of Public Works, Regarding his brilliant parts, and the ser- vice he has been to the Dominion and to the French Canadian people, the Queen conferred upon him the knighthood of the order of St. Michael and St. George. Sir Hector Langevin, as has already been said, is an astute and wise statesman, and his whole aim is to create a feeling of brother- hood among his own people and their Eng lish-speaking compatriots, and to develop a feeling of loyalty throughout the country. Darling, Andrew, Toronto, was born in the City of Montreal, on the 24th of March. 1852, and is of Scotch descent. Mr. William Darling, the father of the subject of this sketch, accompanied by his wife, emigrated from Edinburgh to Canada in 1838, and shortly after his arrival com- menced the hardware business, which he still continues to carry on, and is well known in all business circles as a man of high character and excellent business quali- fications. Some years ago he was appointed by the government as arbitrator and va- luator in the Lachine Canal matter, and has been president of the Board of Trade, and several other important public bodies. Andrew Darling received part of his edu- cation at the Montreal High School, and subsequently spent three years in Geneva and Paris in various schools. Having com- pleted the literary portion of his educa- tion, he travelled through all the chief coun- tries in Europe. He likewise visited Egypt, Palestine and Turkey. When in his 23rd year, possessed of a thorough education and a mind refined by travel, he returned to Can- ada and associated himself with his father in the hardware business. In 1879, he as- sociated with him his brother Thomas, and commenced business in Toronto, the firm being styled A. & T. J. Darling & Co. This firm deals in hardware. Through the sound business qualities of its members, it has pushed its way steadily onward, and is now one of the leading establishments of its kind in the Dominion. Mr. Darling has not yet held any public office, in the meantime pre- ferring to devote all his time and thought to business. In religion, is a Presbyterian ; and in politics a Reformer, who has nailed the reform colours to the mast. Mr. Dar- ling is a keen business man, courteous and well-liked by all who come in contact with him. 84 A CYCLOPEDIA OP Charlton, John, M.P. for North Nor- folk, Lynedoch, was born near Caledonia, Livingston County, N.Y., on February 3rd, 1829. His father, Adam Charlton, came from Newcastle-on-Tyne to New York in 1824. His mother's maiden name was Ann Gray ; her father's family came from Northumberland county, England, at an earlier period, and she was born at Gorham, N. Y., soon after they arrived in America. The Charlton's are one of the oldest families in England, and their genealogical records in Northum- berland date back to the eleventh century. The subject of this sketch was educated at the McLaren Grammar School, Caledonia, N. Y., and at the Springville Academy, N.Y. In 1832 his father moved to Ellicottville, Cattaraugus county, N. Y., where he soon afterwards entered into the employment of the Holland Land Company. He remained in Ellicottville till his removal to Canada, in 1849. The earlier years of Mr. John Charlton's life do not furnish many events worthy of record. His father lived a portion of his time upon a farm near Ellicottville, and part of the time in the latter village. Here young Charlton learned to work on a farm, and in his leisure moments he learned to set type in the office of the Cattar- augus Whig. He likewise, for amusement, read a little law in the office of A. G. Rice, In the spring of 1846 he made a trip on a lumber raft down the Alleghany and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati, and always in later years retained vivid recollections of this five weeks' experience with the rough but warm- hearted raftsmen of the Alleghany. When his father removed to Canada, John was twenty years of age. The family settled near the village of Ayr, Waterloo county, and the next four years of his life was spent upon his father's farm, where he worked steadily and diligently. At the age of twenty four when about leaving for Minnesota, he accepted the proposal of George Gray, of Charlotteville, Ont., to open a country store upon Big Creek, in the County of Norfolk, at Wilson Mills, where the post office of Lynedoch had recently been established. A building for dwelling house and store was erected here, mainly by the labour of him- self and his partner, and the firm of Gray & Charlton commenced business in 1853, with a total capital of less than $1,800, including the cost of the building. The country was new and pine timber was abundant. The new firm soon managed to engage in the timber business, in connection with Smith, Westover & Co., of Tonawanda, N.Y., and by dint of economy and industry their business succeeded far beyond their expectations. In 1859, Mr. Charlton sold out his interest in the store at Lynedoch, and took charge of the extensive timber business of Smith & Westover in Canada. In 1861, in company with James Ramsdell, of Clarence, N.Y., he bought out the Cana- dian interest of Smith & Westover, and for four years Ramsdell & Charlton did a suc- cessful business. In 1865 Mr. Charlton bought the interest of his partner, Mr. Ramsdell, and conducted the business suc- cessfully in his own name for several years. Since then he has been associated in the lumber business with his brother, Thomas Charlton, and with Alonzo Chesbrough, of Toledo, Ohio ; and at this time (1885) is ac- tively engaged in the lumber trade in the firm of Chesbrough & Charlton, of which he is manager ; and in the timber trade in the firm of J. & T. Charlton. Mr. Charlton still resides at Lynedoch, Ont., where he has had his home since 1853. In 1854 he married Miss Ella Gray, of Lynedoch, who was born at Portage, N.Y., August 12, 1838. Mr. Charlton's first connection with politics was in 1872, when he accepted the nomina- tion for the Commons in North Norfolk, and after a sharp and exciting contest, extend- ing from June 20th to August 5th, defeated Aquilla Walsh, Esq., the Intercolonial Com- missioner, who had represented North Nor- folk in the previous Parliament. He has con- tinued to represent North Norfolk since that time, having been four times returned, viz., in the general elections of 1872, 1874, 1878 and 1882. In politics he is an advanced Liberal. He has taken an active and labor- ious part in the work of the House of Com- mons. In early life he was a Protectionist, but was led by subsequent investigation and study to pronounce in favour of a revenue tariff policy as the proper one. While he be- lieves that Canada must ultimately become independent, he doubts whether the proper time has yet arrived for that change ; and although fully alive to the material benefits that would accrue to Canada from annexa- tion to the United States, yet is m favour of the continuance of Canadian autonomy, if a proper and honest administration of our affairs can be secured. He believes that the experiment of working out the British sys- tem of responsible government side by side with the American system, is likely to prove of great interest and value to the inhabitants of the two countries and to Anglo Saxon communities and other free commonwealths in all parts of the world. In religion, Mr. Charlton is a Presbyterian, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 85 and he takes a lively interest in Sabbath school work, and in the affairs and interests of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, as well as of the interests of other religious denominations. Mr. Charlton is of genial and kindly temperament, but possesses firm- ness of character and stubborn tenacity of purpose. His information is wide, and there is always a flavour of culture in his speeches. He always receives attention when he rises to address the House of Com- mons, and is regarded as one of the ablest public speakers in the Dominion. Close, Patrick <*., of Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born on the 19th of November, 1837, at Woodland House, Portglenone, Ireland. He received what was regarded, and really was in those days, a liberal education. When his studies were completed, he was apprenticed, as it was the custom to do with boys, to a trade ; and that chosen for him was the business of drugs and groceries. The term of his apprenticeship lasted for six years, at the expiry of which, he set out to travel for a large tea importing house in the North of Ireland. He grew tired of this business, and finally became utterly dissatisfied, so in 1862 he turned his face for Canada, and arrived here in due time. Shortly after his arrival he entered into the employ of Messrs. Hamilton & Co., of Whitby, On- tario. Early in 1863 he removed to Toron- to, and established in that city a small re- tail grocery business, and after awhile he opened a wholesale establishment. Here the talent for business, the untiring application and good judgment, which had been valu- able to him in the past, proved advantageous now. After he had achieved a large mea- sure of success, he retired from the grocery business., and has since engaged. himself with real estate transactions in Toronto. Mr. Close has given a good deal of his attention to political and municipal questions. For five years he has represented St. Lawrence Ward ; and in the spring of 1877 he got his election by acclamation. He always com- manded respect and attention at the council board, for his prudence, good judgment and safe counsels. He has been a director of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway ; of the Canada Live Stock Insurance Company; vice-president of the Erie and Huron Rail- vray, and chairman of the Board of Trustees for Cooke's Church, and also held several other important trusts. His father was Pat- rick Close, a manufacturer of linen in Ire- land, who died in 1877, in his 97th year. Our subject's mother lives at the old home in Ireland, and is now in her 88th year. Mr. Close is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and belongs to several lodges. He married on the 1st June, 1867, Mary Jane Walton, a native of Cumberland, Eng- land, who came to Canada when a child. Her brother is Dr. T. C. Walton, Surgeon in the American navy. Our subject is a staunch Conservative, believing that the na- tional policy and other measures of Sir John Macdonald's government must prove of per- manent good to the country. He professes the Presbyterian faith. Woods, Samuel, M.A., Ottawa, the subject of this sketch, was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, on the 14th October, 1841. He is the youngest son of William Woods, by Martha, nee Henderson. Both these parents were of old covenanting stock, and were among the Protestant im- migrants from Scotland who settled Ulster. Our subject was educated at the London, Ont., Grammar School, and at University College, Toronto, where the gold medal in classics was awarded to him in 1862. Among his classmates, it may be mentioned, were Prof. J. Loudon, the late Principal Buchan, Dr. James A. McLellan, Rev. Dr. Gibson, of London, Eng., and James Fisher, of Stratford. Excellent school and college editions of portions of Demosthenes, Virgil, Horace and Caesar have been published by him, and have long been standard classics in our institutions of learning. Mr. Woods was a member of the University Rifle Company first formed during the Trent excitement, and he subsequently took a certificate at the Kingston Military School. He was rector of the Kingston Collegiate Institute, from 1862 to 1877, erecting for this institution a provincial reputation in the department of classics, and ranking it one of only four in the first class of Ontario. After this time he en- gaged in business for a few years, then unanimously, and without solicitation upon his own part, he was appointed principal of the Lake Forest Academy, Ill. This situation he held for two years, resigning in June, 1883. He was then, at the urgent request of the Board of Managers of the Ottawa Ladies' College, induced to accept the principalship of the college. In this excellent institution he is carrying out those ideas of education, which he has so long held and advocated, and is rapidly acquiring a very high place for his college. Mr. Woods was the originator of the Ontario Building and Saving Society of Kingston ; was one of the original directors of the King- 86 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ston Street Railway Company, and he re- organized the present very successful King- ston Mechanics' Institute, of which he was president. Of this latter institution he is now one of the three life members, the others being the Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, K.C.B., and John Carruthers. He was the originator and for four years president of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society of Kingston. He is likewise vice- president of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club, and a member of the Senate of the University of Toronto. In the Masonic or- der he is P.D.D.G.M., having held that posi- tion, in 1876, in the St. Lawrence district, and is a charter member of Minden Lodge, Kingston, and was a member of ancient St. John's, but demitted. In religion, Mr. Wood is a member of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and belonged to the old kirk branch of that united church. He married on March, 1863, Elizabeth, third daughter of Wm. Ford, Kingston. She died in Oct., 1884, leaving four children surviving her. Our subject has always been a liberal Conservative in politics, but sel- dom takes any active part in any contest. He is a man of a strongly original mind, firm convictions, untiring industry, and marked energy. The institution, of which he is the head, reflects the strongest possible credit upon him. Hillyer, Edward Scager, M.D., Hamilton, was born on Aug. 17th, 1838, and he is the third son of Robert and Susan Hillyer, who came to Canada in 1848. Our subject was born in Sherbourne, Dorset- shire, England, where his father had been engaged in a manufacturing business, on a large scale, but having met with heavy losses, through the free trade policy of the Government of the day, resolved to try his fortune on this side of the Atlantic. He at first purchased a large farm in the vicinity of Waterford, Norfolk county, Ontario, and settled there. But he lost large sums in visionary schemes of agriculture and he re- moved after two or three years to Walsing- ham, where he purchased a large tract of pine timber land. Here he built mills and engaged in the lumbering business till he died in 1850. He left eight children, and it was amid the wildest and most unpromising scenes, without society and without friends, that the family were obliged to struggle ; but time has wrought many changes, and the old homestead, still held by an elder branch of the family, is one of the most thriving and attractive in Canada. The family connection on the father, as -well as the mother's side, may be said to be his- torical. Our subject's paternal grandmother was a sister of John Dunning, the celebrated Whig orator and lawyer, who was made Solicitor-General in the Lord Shelbourne administration, and who was afterwards elevated to the peerage, under the title of the first Lord Ashburton, so called after the town in which for centuries the family had resided. The mother's family are among the most ancient and respectable of the west of England. His maternal grandmother was a Tidcombe, one of the Tidcombe's of Somersetshire, a family which has held free- hold lands in that county since the conquest. They were lords of the manor of Loving- ton from time immemorial. Young Hillyer was educated, partly at the Academy and Grammar School of Sherbourne, and partly at Queen's College, Kingston, Victoria Col- lege, Cobourg, and at the Toronto School of Medicine. He was engaged in practice for ten years at Caledonia, Haldimand county, whence he removed to Hamilton in 1882. He has decided literary predilections, and has been connected with the press both in the United States and Canada, as editorial writer and contributor, and is likewise con- nected with various literary and scientific societies, in both countries, and takes a pro- minent position in each as writer and worker. He has travelled extensively in the neigh- bouring republic, and is familiar with the defects of their social system, and is not very favourably impressed with their political in- stitutions. He has always been a consistent member of the Church of England, to which his ancestors have been attached since the Reformation, one of his grand aunts, having built and endowed a church at Frome, in Somersetshire. He has always been a mo- derate Conservative in politics, but indepen- dent enough to manifest his convictions even in the face of party exigencies. He takes a prominent part in the Hamilton Medical and Surgical Society, and in the Hamilton Liter- ary Society. He delights to lend a helping hand to all movements intended to promote the progress of the community. He is a sidesman in St. Thomas' Church, under the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Curran. Evans, II. Sugden, of Ottawa, F.C.S., F.R.M.S., London, ex-President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Honorary Member of the Pharmaceutical Societies of Paris, Vienna and St. Peters- burg, member of the Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation of America, of the Society of Public Analysts, and of the Society of Chemical Industry, England, Chief Analyst for the CA NADIA N BIOGRA PH Y. 87 Dominion at Ottawa, etc., was born in Lon- don, England, 1830. He is the youngest son of the late John Evans, Esq., of London and Liverpool (founder of the extensive wholesale drug firms of Evans & Lescher and Evans, Sons & Co. in those cities), by his second wife Anna, youngest daughter of the late Thomas Hawley, Esq., of The Pri- ory, Shrewsbury, England. He was edu- cated at Merchant Taylor's school in the city of London, whence he entered his father's business there, the details of which, espe- cially as regards the scientific department of it, he prosecuted with great earnestness. At this time great efforts were being made by the founders of the Pharmaceutical So- ciety of Great Britain, amongst whom Mr. Evans' father was prominent, to elevate, by educational means, the status of pharma- ceutists in England, and the subject of this memoir became one of the earliest graduates in the new School of Pharmacy established by the society, successfully passing through its curriculum under Dr. r'ereira in materia medica, Dr. A. T. Thompson in botany, and Dr. Th. Redwood in chemistry and phar- macy, and in due course in 1848 passed, with considerable credit, the necessary examina- tions to entitle him to the title of pharma- ceutical chemist and member of the society. A prominent pharmaceutical authority thus writes of Mr. Evans :-" Not only was he one of the most successful students in the institution, but to a far greater extent than commonly occurs, he continued to occupy an equally prominent position amongst the passed students, who by their scientific work have contributed to the advancement of pharmacalogical knowledge." Having com- pleted his studies in London, Mr. Evans was removed to Liverpool, there to take charge of the manufacturing and scientific depart- ment of his father's business, and to organ- ize and personally conduct the laboratories, chemical and pharmaceutical, and drug mills. The better to fit himself for the re- sponsible duties thus assumed, Mr. Evans placed himself under the late Dr. Sheridan Muspratt, one of the late Justus Liebeg's favourite pupils, to study more thoroughly analytical chemistry, and under his tuition he acquired great skill in analytical work and engaged in many chemical investigations : "The Constitution of the Carbonates of Am- monia," "of Anthydrous Sulphuric Acid," "Isomorphism," " The Chromates of Cop- per," etc. His investigation on this latter subject he communicated to the Chemical Society of London in a paper read before that body in 1849, and thereafter he was elected a fellow of the society. For the following eighteen years Mr. Evans continued the active management of the laboratories and mills, being in 1854 taken into partnership with his father and brothers, when he mar- ried Kate Morse, only daughter of the late Charles Moss, Esq., of Grays Thurrock, Essex, and of the city of London. Mr. Evans became an ardent student of the micrscope as applied to chemical analysis, devoting much attention to analytical work generally, but especially in regard to the adulteration of drugs and food, being fre- quently consulted by the Municipal Board of Health in regard to the latter subject. The results of his investigations on the food supply of the city of Liverpool were em- bodied in a paper communicated to the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liver- pool, in whose Transactions, with others on cognate subjects-" TheTeas and Coffees of Commerce,'' etc.-it was published. Mr. Evans' microscopical researches at this time secured his being elected a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society of London. He filled every office in the Liverpool Chemist's Association, occupying the presidential chair, and as its honorary curator organized its museum. He also retained an active in- terest in his alma mater, being elected to a seat at the board of examiners of the Phar- maceutical Society of Great Britain, the duties of which he discharged for eleven years ; and for a like period he was returned to the council of the same body, until in 1869 he was elected to the presidential chair, and it was during his presidency that the Pharmacy Act came into force, giving to pharmaceutical chemists a legal status, and to the society legislative powers. During his term of office as president, Mr. Evans represented British Pharmacy at the Inter- national Congress held in Vienna, 1869, and in recognition of these services he received the diploma of honorary membership of the Societies of Pharmacy in Vienna and St. Petersburg. In 1873 he again visited Vi- enna by special invitation to serve as repre- sentative of Great Britain on the jury in the food section of the International Exhi- bition held there that year, and for which he also holds a diploma and other valuable recognition. In 1875 he was constituted a life governor of Saint Bartholomew's Hos- pital, London, in recognition of humane ser- vices rendered at a railway accident on the Midland Railway. Having made several business visits to Canada, and secured there a considerable business connection, he was in- duced, in 1866, to associate himself with Mr. 88 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Nathan Mercer in the purchase of the drug business of the late firm of Lamplough & Campbell, in Montreal, the management of which was entrusted to Mr. Mercer, while Mr. Evans continued to reside in England, where, after the death of his father and re- tirement from business of an elder brother, he removed to London, assuming the con- duct of the London business of his English firms, and for some years devoted his atten- tion chiefly to the London drug market-the drug market of the world. In course of time the Montreal business was greatly extended far beyond the original intention, and it became necessary for Mr. Evans to take up his residence in Montreal and assume the control of that business, and in 1877 he re- moved his family to this country and be- came a resident, with all his interests identi- fied with the prosperity of the country. In 1884 he retired from the personal responsi- bilities of his business. The position of chief analyst for the Dominion, unsought, was now offered to him and accepted, in the full conviction that its duties would be ful- filled con amore. Mr. Evans is a staunch Anglican. He is a Freemason, having been made in St. Paul's Lodge E. R. in Montreal, and has served in most of its offices, occu- pying at the present time the J.W. chair. He also occupied the same chair in the Mark Masters Lodge, and that of Scribe N. in the R.A. Chapter. He early espoused the A. and A. Scottish rite, and has advanced therein to the Consistory, holding the office of Grand Marshall in the Rose Croix Chap- ter and Grand Orator in the Grand Lodge of Perfection. Hague, John, Toronto, Fellow of the Statistical Society, London, England, was born at Rotherham, Yorkshire, in 1829, and educated at the Grammar School of that town, where at the age of sixteen he entered the service of the local bank, of which his uncle, Mr. Dyson, was for many years manager. While in the bank as junior clerk, he became a contributor to the press as a writer of art criticisms and descriptive sketches. In 1850 he helped to start the Sheffield Free Press, for which he wrote a number of leading articles in advocacy of social reforms, chiefly of a system of com- pulsory, universal education, of which he was then and has ever been an enthusiastic supporter. Being strongly in sympathy with the nationalist movements in Europe, though under age, he became secretary of a committee which undertook the work of maintaining and ultimately settling a large body of Polish and Hungarian refugees, who, after the battle of Temesvar, took re- fuge in Turkey until they were cared for by the English people. In this work he met with the leaders of the revolutionary party, namely, Kossuth, Mazzini, Louis Blanc, and others, of whom he has a lively remem- brance. He left business life at the age of twenty-one years, in order to prepare for the ministry of the Church of England, and read for some time as private pupil of Dr. Moorehouse, the present Bishop of Mel- bourne. Through the kind interest of the late Earl Fitzwilliam, he received a nomina- tion to the Eiland Scholarship at Oxford, but when about to enter college was stopped in his career, by being over the age pro- vided as the maximum under the trust deed. Before again returning to banking life, Mr. Hague spent some months at Brighton, where he organized in St. John's parish, what is believed to have been the first coffee house and reading room, with nightly entertainments, in avowed opposition to public house attractions. He was moved to this work by seeing the terrible evils of intemperance among the destitute poor. After a brief stay in Birmingham, where he established a night school and free concerts for the most abandoned classes, he was ap- pointed sub-manager to the private bank of Wm. Jones & Son, near Wolverhampton, which afterwards withdrew from business. Here Mr. Hague having considerable lei- sure time at his disposal, spent it in found- ing and carrying on single handed a large night school for colliers and other men of the most illiterate class. He also organized and kept up for several years a weekly series of free concerts for temperance pur- poses, which were usually attended by from 500 to 800 men and their wives, and it is pleasing to note that it was demonstrated by actual inspection that these entertainments emptied the public houses. Here, also, he was a prominent worker in the County Educational Association, of which he was one of the lecturers and in which work he ei. joyed in a marked degree the confidence and friendship of the late Lord Lyttleton, by whose influence the plan of the coffee house and its entertainments was adopted in many neighbouring towns and villages. Having gone into the iron business, which he found both uncongenial and pecuniarily barren, he came to Canada in 1871, and has since then been almost a daily contributor of financial articles to the newspapers of the day, not forgetting his favourite subjects, social reform, music, and the arts. In 1873 Mr. Hague was invited by two friends to or- CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PHI. 89 ganize a musical society, and succeeded by dint of several years enthusiastic labours in founding the Toronto Philharmonic Society, of which he was the moving spirit for many years. He also was the chief agent in founding the Foresters Society in Canada, which has become one of the most successful of our benevolent associations, and has also taken an active part in various educational movements. Mr. Hague is of the opinion that social reform is the great structure of which political action is the scaffolding. In furtherance of the spread of education, temperance, the diffusion of art knowledge, the extension of pleasure resorts for the masses, and the enforcement of better sani- tary and criminal legislation, he has for many years wielded and still wields his pen with recognized force both in the press of England, the United States, and of his adopted country, of whose institutions he is a warm admirer and defender. Although his writings would fill many volumes, he has only published several pamphlets. Among others, "A Sketch of the History of Bills of Exchange," " Lay Work in the Church," " A Plea for Recreation in Me- chanics' Institutes," s<Sunday-schools and Social Life," "A History of Prison Re- form," and " Church Sketches-New and Old," which were all reprinted by request. He was associated with Mr. Merritt, the late distinguished art critic, in the publi- cation in 1850 of a small work on "The Old Masters," which attracted considerable notice at the date of its appearance. For his " Defence of the Black Country," he received the generous recognition of the then British prime minister, the late Earl Derby. His first magazine article appeared in Fraser, in 1852. Mr. Hague is a mem- ber of the Victoria Philosophical Institute, London. Langelier, Francois C. Stanislas, Q.C., LL.D., M.P. for Megantic, Mayor of the City of Quebec, and Batonnier of the Bar for'the district of Quebec, was born at Ste. Rosalie, Bagot, Province of Quebec, on the 24th December, 1838. He is a son of Captain Louis Sebastien Langelier, by Julie Esther Casault. He is descended on his father's side from Sebastien Langelier, who came to Canada from Fresquienne, near Rouen, France, in 1659. His ancestors set- tled at Sillery, near Quebec, and after- wards removed to L'lslet. Of this family likewise was the celebrated Bishop Lan- gelier. On the mother's side our subject is descended from the Casaults of Gran- ville, France, and to this family belonged the late L. J. Casault, founder of the Laval University. Young Langelier was educated in classics at St. Hyacinthe Col- lege, and in law at Laval University, where he graduated with honours in 1861. He was always a diligent and brilliant student, and it was predicted of him that he would in himself keep alive the honours and the bril- liancy which belonged to the distinguished family of which he was sprung. He was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1861, and appointed a provincial Queen's counsel or in 1878, and a federal in 1880. His professional career has been an unexcep- tionally brilliant and successful one, and he has added to good fortune in his calling the gift, for gift it assuredly is, of being ex- tremely popular with the public, and held in the highest esteem. His talents and literary equipment was perceived by the directors of Laval University, and on his return from Paris, in 1863, he was appointed professor of civil law and political economy in that institution. He is likewise a mem- ber of the Senate of the University. He had likewise been for seven years professor of Roman law. He was secretary of the first colonization society established in Canada, and he has always taken a zealous part on questions intended to promote the growth and development of his native land. He has been president of the Institut Cana- adien, and is president of the Quebec, Montmorency and Charlevoix Railway Co., and a director of the St. Lawrence and Temiscouata Railway. In municipal politics he has taken a great deal of interest and was elected mayor of the City of Quebec in 1882, and re-elected in 1884, and at the time of writing holds that office. He first entered politics in 1873, when he was elected to the Provincial Legislature for Montmagny. He was a member of the Executive Council and Commissioner of Crown Lands from the 8th of March. 1878, and treasurer of the Pro- vince of Quebec from March, 1879, till the resignation of the Tory ministry. He is and always has been an uncompromising Liberal or Rouge ; but he is a Liberal in the best sense of the term, not being one of those liberals which unscrupulous Tory politi- cians have declared but too often through Quebec came under the censure of the Roman Catholic Church. It was felt by Mr. Lan- gelier's friends that such brilliant talents as he possessed should have a wider scope than the provincial legislature afforded. He was, therefore, elected to the legislature for Port- neuf in 1878. At the last general election in 1881, the Bleu forces were too many for 90 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF him, and he was defeated. But in 1884, upon Mr. Frechette being unseated by the courts, he stood for Megantic, and was elect- ed, thus achieving the end desired by his admirers-a place in the House , of Com- mons. And he has been an honour to the House of Commons. How rapidly Mr. Lan- gelier is coming to the front is the remark made by every one who has kept an eye upon his career. He has splendid abilities, and unquestionably is destined for a com- manding position. Our subject married in 1864 Virginie Marie, daughter of the late I. Legare, Esquire, of Quebec, and sister of the Right Rev. C. E. Legare, V.G., Arch- bishop of Quebec; of R. R. Adolphe Le- gare, cure of Beauport, and Victor Legare, cure of St. Jean Chrysostom, near Quebec, whose family is connected with that of the late Hon. Legare, Attorney-General of U.S. He has had four children, all of whom are dead. It may be stated that Mr. Langelier has been a frequent contributor to Liberal newspapers in Quebec and elsewhere. He conducted to a successful issue the cele- brated Charlevoix election case founded on clerical undue influence. He is and has always been a Roman Catholic, and says he is determined to remain one. Allan, Hon. Cleorge William, D.C.L., Toronto, Senator, and Chancellor ■of the University of Trinity College, To- ronto, was born at Little York, now To- ronto, on the 9th of January, 1822. His father, the late Honourable William Allan, was a pioneer settler who took up his abode in York, during Governor Simcoe's term of office, and resided in Toronto till his death in 1853. This gentleman, in his day, held a very prominent place in public esteem, and being possessed of more than ordinary ability and a good education, he enjoyed ad- vantages not so common in those early days as now. He was the first postmaster for Aork, and the first Custom Collector for the port. During the war of 1812-15 he served in the militia as lieutenant-colonel, and his son has still in his possession the flags of his old regiment. He figured prominently, too, in commercial life, and was the first presi- dent of the Bank of Upper Canada. He also held a seat in the Legislative Council of old Canada for several years, and a seat in the Executive during the administrations of Sir J rancis Bond-Head and Sir George Arthur. Our subject's mother was Leah Tyreer, whose father was Dr. John Gamble, who belonged to aU. E. Loyalist family, and was a surgeon in the Queen's rangers. His corps was raised in Upf er Canada after the arrival of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. George William was educated by private tuition during his earlier years, and was afterwards sent by his father to Upper Canada College. When the rebellion, headed by William Lyon Mackenzie, broke out in 1837, young Allan, then in his sixteenth year, left U. C. College, and entered as a private " the Bank Rifle Corps," of which the present Chief Justice Hagarty, Judge Galt, and some others still living were also members. He returned to the College at the end of the following year, and remained there until he went up for his examination as a law stu- dent which he passed in " the senior class," in Easter term, 1839. He was articled to and began his studies in the office of Messrs. Gamble & Boulton, and was subsequently called to the bar of Upper Canada, in Hilary term, 1846. Before entering upon the ac- tive practice of the law, young Allan was sent by his father to travel abroad, and in addition to a very extended tour through- out Europe, he visited many countries which, in those days, were not quite as ac- cessible as they are now. He went up the Nile to the borders of Nubia, and afterwards travelled through Syria and the Holy Land, Asia Minor, Turkey and Greece, meeting with not a few exciting adventures, arising more particularly from the lawless and un- settled condition, at that time, of many parts of Syria and Asia Minor. He was elected, not long afterwards, a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of England. Mr. Allan early took a part in municipal affairs, his name appearing as one of the aidermen for St. David's Ward in 1849. In 1865 he was elected mayor of the city and served in that capacity throughout the year. In May of 1856, before again leaving Cana- da for a lengthened tour abroad, he was pre- sented by his fellow-citizens w'ith a very com- plimentary address. It was done up in neat book form, and is now a most interesting document, as it contains the signature of men of all ranks, parties and creeds, a large proportion of whom have now passed away. Mr. Allan, in the autumn of 1858, in re- sponse to a requisition from the electors of the York division, for which he was return- ed by a very large majority, and took his seat for that division in the Legislative Council of old Canada, which he retained until confederation. Mr. Allan took a pro- minent part in the business of the Legisla- tive Council, and filled the office of chair- man of the Private Bills Committee in that body for many years. In May, 1867, he was called to the Senate by Royal proclama- CAVADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 91 tion, and has ever since taken an active share in its deliberations, as well as in the business of the Committee of the House, having been chairman, first of the Private Bills Committee, and subsequently of the Standing Committee on Banking and Com- merce, which he has now filled for many years. In politics he is a Conservative. Mr. Allan has always taken a deep interest in the promotion of literature and science in his native country. He was one of the original members of the Royal Canadian Institute, and has filled the chair as presi- dent, besides being a contributor to the Journal of the Institute. He has always been a warm friend to the cause of higher education, and has been closely connected with Trinity College University (of which he is now the Chancellor, and from which he received his degree of D.C.L.), ever since the founding of that Institution in 1852. In all matters connected with Canadian art, Mr. Allan has ever evinced a lively interest. He is the president of the Ontario Society of artists, and chairman of the Art Union of Canada, and is the possessor of a large and valuable collection of paintings by a Cana- dian artist, the late Mr. Paul Kane, illustra- ting Indian life and customs, and the scenery of the great North-West. Attached to horticultural pursuits himself, Mr. Allan has laboured as president of the Horticultu- ral Society of Toronto, for more than twenty- five years, to foster a taste for the study and cultivation of flowers and fruits among his fellow-citizens, and it was with that ob- ject that he presented to the Society, in 1857, the five acres of land which, with the subsequent addition made fifteen, now form- ing the Society's Gardens. As we have already mentioned, Mr. Allan performed his first military duty at a very early age. He has always taken a warm interest in all matters connected with the Volunteers and Milit'a, and is himself Lieut.-Colonel of the Regi- mental Division of East Toronto, and an honorary member of the Queen's Own Rifles. A member of the Church of Eng- land, Mr. Allan has for many years borne an active part in the Synod and other assemblies of his Church. He has also filled the chair as president of the Upper Canada Bible Society for more than twenty years. In business affairs Mr. Allan fills more than one post of considerable responsibility and importance. He has been for many years chief commissioner of the Canada Company as well as president of one of our largest and most successful loan companies, the Western Canada Loan and Savings Com- pany. While in his twenty-fourth year he married Louisa Maud, third daughter of the late Honourable Sir John Robinson, Bart., C.B., chief justice of Upper Canada, and she died while sojourning at Rome, in 1852. He married again, in 1857, Adelaide Harriet, third daughter of the Rev. T. Schreiber, formerly of Bradwell Lodge, Essex, Eng- land, and has a family of six children, three sons and three daughters. Mills, George Hamilton, of the City of Hamilton, Barrister-at-law and Notary Public, youngest son of the late James Mills, Esquire, was born in the town (now city) of Hamilton, on the 20th November, 1827. His father, James Mills, was born in Philadelphia in 1774, was the son of 4 U. E. loyalist, and as such entitled to 200 acres of land in Canada. He first came to Canada in 1793, accompanied by the late Hon. John Willson, of Grimsby, at one time Speaker of the Commons. His first occu- pation in this country was trading with the Indians for furs, which found a fairly good market in the United States. On his first visit to the locality now occupied by the city of Hamilton he found but one white resi- dent, the late Col. Richard Beasley, who was also trading with the Indians. In place of the now well ordered streets he found on the site of Hamilton only an Indian footpath or trail. He permanently settled in the country in 1816, and finally purchased the 200 acres of land, which now forms the western boundary of the city, and upon which young Mills and most of his family were born. The maiden name of the mother of the subject of our sketch was Christina Hesse, whose father, Michael Hesse, came from Germany. His ancestors have held, and still hold, an estate on the Rhine, Ger- many. Mr. Mills was educated by the Rev. Dean Geddes, and commenced the study of the law in 1846. under articles with Judge Burton. He was called to the bar in 1851, having passed his final under the examination of the late Hon. Robt. Bald- win and the Rt. Hon. Sir J. A. Macdonald, at Osgoode Hall. He married on 14th March, 1854, Frances, daughter of the late Capt. Andrew Deac-m, of Picton, Ontario, and granddaughter of the la-e Thos. Deacon, of the Ordnance department, Kingston, Ont. He was elected aiderman for St. George's Ward in 1857, and chosen mayor of the city in 1858. He did not seek re-election to the council, but was, in 1869, again elected, by a large majority, aiderman for St. George's Ward. During this year he moved the first resolution having in view the construction 92 A CYCLOPEDIA OF of the Hamilton and Lake Erie Railway, and by forming a committee of leading citizens, in concert with his council committee, the enterprise ripened. Soon after this a charter was then obtained and the road constructed. He was also the first to move in the council a resolution endorsing the construction of the Hamilton and North Western Railway, and pledging municipal support and aid to the undertaking, advocating earnestly, dur- ing its early and trying stages, by eloquent speeches and able writing its construction. He was returned as aiderman for the years 1870, 1871, 1872, and 1877, holding, during the most of these years, the position of chairman of finance. In 1860 our subject was elected president of the Hamilton Horticultural Society, with the late Judge Logie as vice-president; and was re-elected in 1861, and again in 1869, with John A. Bruce, Esq., as vice-president ; and again in 1874 and 1875. This society became the leading floral institution of the Dominion under his presidency. In 1874 he was elect- ed honorary member of it for life and at the same time presented by its members with a handsome silver service. In 1863 he was elected president of the Victoria Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which position he has continuously held to this time. In 1851 he visited Boston as the invited guest of the municipality of that place, on the occasion of the opening of the Ogdensburg and Boston Railway. Mr. Mills was a captain in the Sedentary Militia, when that body was superseded by the present volunteer force. He is a member, and always has been, of the Episcopal Church, and is a Liberal-Con- servative, strongly attached to the political principles and doctrines of the late Hon. Robert Baldwin, for whose memory he en- tertains the highest respect. To Mr. Bald- win's integrity, ability and statesmanship he attributes in a large measure the foundation of our present liberty and prosperity. He believes that the national policy is a patri- otic one, and that its continuance, until Canada is prepared for competition with other nations, will help on the foundation of a great nation, which he feels sanguine is the destiny of Canada. Mr. James Mills, father of the subject of our sketch, had ten children, of whom Mr. George H. Mills is the youngest, and the late Senator Samuel Mills the eldest. He has five children, the eldest, Mr. Sydney George Mills, is an offi- cer in the NorthWest Mounted Police, with title of inspector and captain. Scott, Robert, Galt, the subject of this sketch was born in the town of Galt, Ontario, in 1839. His father, James Scott, a gentleman of sterling character and excel- lent abilities, removed from Scotland, and settled in Dundas in 1829. Here he mar- ried and settled down for a few years, but with happy insight perceived that he would accomplish more by removing to Galt. Thither, therefore, he repaired, and he at once occupied himself in building up a busi- ness. He still resides in Galt, and is one of those who can point to his exertions as being among not the least important means through which his adopted town was able to take the proud place that it now holds in the business community of Ontario. The subject of our sketch received a sound com- mon school education ; and after his studies- were ended, he began to learn the tinsmith trade. In order to make himself master in this business, he removed to Albany, New York, where he spent two years in a pro- minent and well-equipped establishment, and he removed back to Canada, and pur- sued his trade for a time in Guelph. Two years there convinced him that the better opportunity for his business existed in Galt, his native town. Consequently he removed there, and associated himself in partner- ship with William Trotter in the stove, tin and hollow-ware business, under the firm of Trotter & Scott. In 1873, after the partner- ship had existed for ten years, Mr. Scott sold out his interest in the business, and six months afterwards purchased the Victoria Works, and engaged in the manufacture of hubs, spokes, rims, wheels, etc. This establishment was afterwards changed to the style of the Victoria Wheel Co., and is now one of the largest factories of that kind in the province of Ontario. After a time Mr. Scott leased the establishment to Messrs. Perry & Cook, and went to the United States, dividing his time between the cities of Detroit, Cleveland, Atalanta, Georgia. Tidings had now reached him that his property had been destroyed by fire, so returning home-this was in the. fall of 1882-he rebuilt the factory, and business was resumed, Mr. Scott entering as a part- ner with the lessees. Many influential townsmen, who had learned, during the many years of his residence, to appreciate his ability and manly worth, pressed him to allow himself to be put in nomination for a town-councillorship. To this he consented, and was elected in 1873. He acquitted himself in this position with so much up- rightness, ability and zeal for the interests of the town, that his fellow citizens then elected him reeve. It was after this time CA NA DI A N BIO G BA PHY 93 that he went abroad ; but on his return to his native town, he was again received with feelings of much satisfaction. In 1885 he was elected mayor, and a most worthy chief magistrate has he proven him- self to be. In addition to his other promi- nent business connections, Mr. Scott is a director of the Gore Mutual Fire Insurance Co. In religion he is a staunch and honour- ed member of the Methodist communion. In politics he is a Reformer, liberal enough to regard with just appreciation all the good measures of his opponents, and true enough to put it in no man's power to be able to say that his principles ever wavered. He has been treasurer of the Reform Associa- tion for the South Riding of Waterloo county. Mr. Scott was mai-ried in 1876 to Margaret White, of Seaforth, County of Huron, and by this estimable lady has two daughters and one son. He is one of those to whom the community, with whom he is associated, must always be in many impor- tant ways deeply indebted. CrObeil, Antoine, Secretary of the Department of Public Works, Ottawa, was born at St. Jean He d'Orleans, Province of Quebec, in the year 1853. He was educated at the Quebec Seminary and Laval Univer- sity, where, after a brilliant course of study, he graduated in law, In 1872 he entered the department of Public Works, and was law clerk of the department, from 1879 until promoted to the position which he now holds. As law clerk, it may be said, he was quick and efficient, and the administrator of the department saw in him an efficient officer, worthy of promotion should a vacancy occur. Mr. Chapleau and Mr. Ennis were each in turn secretaries of Public Works during the time that Mr. Gobeil was law clerk, but on Mr. Chapleau having been removed from the office, Mr. Ennis was appointed in his place. In 1885 the latter gentleman died, and the clever law clerk, Mr. Gobeil, was deemed by the heads of the department to be a man eminently qualified to fill Mr. Ennis's place, and he was accordingly ap- pointed to perform the duties of secretary. The responsibility and the cares resting upon the shoulders of the secretary of Pub- lic Works, are perhaps greater than those borne by any other subordinate officer in the civil service. Unceasing vigilance is required, and a familiarity with a thousand branches of public administration is imper- ative. Mr. Gobeil, though not long in office, has shown himself to be master of the situa- tion, and he promises to be one of the most efficient secretaries of which the Public Works has ever been able to boast. He married in 1877 Miss B. Gingras. Henderson, William, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born in the parish of Halkirk, in the County of Caith- ness, Scotland. His father was a farmer there ; but gave his son the benefits which education confers, sending him to schools at Thurso and Wick. In 1833 numbers of persons were emigrating to the new world to seek their fortunes, and among the num- ber was William Henderson, who on his arrival settled in Toronto, where his quick business perceptions, his good judgment and intelligence soon gave him a prominent citizenship. He was destined in the troublous times of 1837 to be in the melee, and was found in the city guards aiding in restoring order and maintaining the law. Always taking a broad and intelligent view of civic affairs and public matters generally, he came to be recognized as one who should be in a legislative sphere. So toward 1855 a number of his friends asked him to allow himself to be nominated for the City Council. He consented, and was elected to the council for 1855 and 1856, and while in the Council he acted as chairman of the Committee on Fire, Water and Gas, and got introduced and carried the first by-law creating a paid tire brigade. Possessed of a high sense of fairness, and having a character of high integrity, he was appointed a justice of the peace, and in that position now is often actively engaged, and gives eminent satis- faction as an administrator of justice. Mr. Henderson has been active in divers ways. His sympathies are large, and he has been prominent in the promotion of various measures of public and social utility. In 1859 he was president of St. Andrew's Society, but never attached himself to any secret society. In religion he is a staunch and honoured member of the Presbyterian Church. In politics he has supported the policy propounded by the old reformers, and so ably carried on by Mr. George Brown, Mr. Alexander Mackenzie and the other lib- eral leaders, In 1840 he married Miss Wil- helmina Munro Sinclair. He is at present manager of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, for the Dominion of Canada. Montcalm, Louis Joseph <le Saint Veran, Marquis of, was the descendant of a noble French family, and was born near Nimes in 1712. At the age of fourteen he entered the army, and served in Italy as early as 1734. In 1756, he being then brigadier-general, was appointed to the 94 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF military command in Canada. Reaching this country in May, he at once began his campaign, and singular success waited on his arms. He carried Fort Oswego, and the following year Fort William Henry surren- dered. The harvest now failed in Canada, and Montcalm's soldiers were undisciplined Canadian volunteers, while the enemy was the best British stuff, thoroughly organized, and it may be said, bred to arms. Mont- calm appealed to France for food supplies, but the French government were loth to expose much value afloat to the fangs of the English cruisers that infested the northern Atlantic waters. 44 Notwithstanding these disadvantages," says a writer, 44 he held his ground firmly, when, in the campaign of 1758, the English under Abercrombie, marched from the south toward the French dominions. Montcalm occupied the strong position of Ticonderago, made it still strong- er by entrenchments, in constructing which he worked with the common soldiers, and, at the head of about three thousand six hundred men, awaited the attack of over fifteen thousand. After a fierce battle, which lasted four hours (July 8, 1758), the British retreated in disorder. The personal bravery which Montcalm had evinced, in- creased his popularity among his soldiers ; and it is believed by many, that if he had received timely reinforcements, he could have maintained the supremacy of the French in North America, or held out for a much longer period ; but the want of energy on the part of the home government, the scarcity of food all over New France, and personal dissensions between the governor and the military commander, forbade him to look for much assistance ; and in the midst of victory he expressed his conviction that in a few months the English would be masters of the French colonies in America. Resolved, however, to struggle to the last, and, as he himself said, 4 to find his grave under the ruins of the colony,' he actively prepared for the campaign of 1759. The English, on the other side, spared no exer- tions to make their conquest sure ; troops were sent from Europe, the colonial regi- ments were thoroughly re-organized, and a strong fleet was to co-operate with the land forces. While Amherst and Prideaux were manoeuvering to dislodge the French from their posts in the vicinity of Kingston, General Wolfe, at the head of eight thous- and chosen troops, supported by the fleet in the St. Lawrence, presented himself be- fore Quebec. The success of the whole campaign, or more properly the conquest of Canada, depended upon the taking of that city ; and to protect it, Montcalm had con- centrated his principal forces on the banks of the Montmorenci river. Being attacked in front by Wolfe, on July 31, he repelled him with considerable loss. Wolfe then changed his plans ; he prudently landed his troops by night on the left bank of the St. Lawrence, above Quebec, climbed the table land that overhangs the city, and on the morning of 13th September, appeared with his whole force on the heights of Abraham, in the rear of the French army. Montcalm flew at once to oppose his advance, and by ten o'clock the two armies, nearly equal in numbers, each having fewer than five thous- and men, were drawn up in front of one another. Montcalm led the attack in per- son, but his troops soon broke before the deadly fire and unflinching front of the British ; and when Wolfe, placing himself at the head of the 28th and the Louisbourgh Grenadiers, gave the order to charge with bayonets, the French fled in every direction. The gallant British general fell in the mo- ment of triumph. Montcalm, having re- ceived one musket ball earlier in the action, was mortally wounded while attempting to rally a body of fugitive Canadians, a few moments after Wolfe was borne from the field. On being told that his death was near : 1 So much the better,' he said, 41 shall not live to see the surrender of Que- bec.' He died next morning: and his death was followed by the loss of all Canada, 4 where his career,' as Bancroft observes, 4 had been a wonderful struggle against in- exorable destiny.' He was buried in the Ursuline Convent, on Garden street, Que- bec. A public monument to the memory of both Wolfe and Montcalm was erected at Quebec in 1827, chiefly through the influ- ence of the Earl of Dalhousie, then gover- nor-general of Canada." Booker, William Davis, Hamilton, the gentleman selected to form the subject of this sketch, comes of good old English stock, and was born on March 10th, 1828, at Nottingham, England. His father was the Rev. Alfred Booker, of the Baptist com- munion. He was a manufacturer of lace in England, but was meanwhile connected pas- torally with his church. For a time he car- ried on business as an importer of lace at Montreal, and thence removed to Hamilton, where he continued in similar business for about six years. In December, 1843, he organized the Park Street Baptist church, of which he was ordained the first pastor, and retained the charge till his death, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 95 which occurred in 1857. It is hardly neces- sary to refer to the cause of his death, for thousands remember it. He was a victim in the terrible Desjardins Canal accident. Our subject's mother was Sophia, nee Var- num she had been an orphan from early years. She was a very pious and worthy woman, and died in 1845. The subject of our sketch is one of a family of eight ; and is a brother of the late Col. Booker, who at one time commanded the 13th Battalion at Hamilton, and was also the organizer and commander of the Hamilton Field Battery ; and of the Rev. T. Booker, Baptist minister in Mount Forest. His youngest sister, who was born in Montreal, is the wife of Dr. Reid, a well-known physi- cian and surgeon in that city. William Davis Booker received a sound and comprehensive English education, the place of his studies being the Nottingham Grammar School. At school he exhibited diligence and ordin- ary ability. He remained at school till his father decided to remove to Canada, which he did in the summer of 1842, arriving duly and settling, in the autumn of the same year, in Montreal It may be said that he remained in Montreal until May, 1843, and then removed to Hamilton. William was now engaged assisting his father in sell- ing lace goods wholesale, and in travelling from Montreal to Sandwich through all the towns and villages on the way. In Septem- ber, 1846, he retired from this occupation and became traveller for the foundry firm of McQuesten & Co, and he travelled, princi- pally on horseback, for some eighteen years through all the settled parts of Western Canada, west of Belleville. At last this firm resolved to give up business, and he con- tinued with it until everything was closed up. In August, 1865, he became secre- tary and treasurer of the Victoria Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and still con- tinues in that same position. Mr. Booker at one time took much interest in mili- tary matters, and held the commissions of ensign and lieutenant in the old militia. He joined the Sons of Temperance about the year 1850, and six years later became a member of St. George's Society. He is a staunch Baptist, and was baptized in Mon- treal on January 7, 1843. He was a con- stituent member of the Park Street Church when organized in 1843 ; became trustee and deacon, continuing in the same position after the change of location to the present reli- gious home, the James Street Baptist Church. He has likewise been for many years assist- ant superintendent of the Sunday school. In politics he has been all his life a Re- former, but he once voted for Sir Allan MacNab, because he believed that he would though a Tory, make a better representative of the city than his Reform opponent. He married in July, 1853, Sarah Field Good- enough, then residing with her father, Mr. John Goodenough, a retired officer of the Coastguard, Devonshire, England, at Kin- cardine, County of Bruce. He has a family of six children. The eldest, Mr. William Booker, is foreman of a large cattle ranche in Wyoming Territory. The other three young men are employed in different places in the city of Hamilton ; and Helen, the eldest daughter, is married to Mr. George A. Crite, of the Star Auger Company, Hamilton. Woods, Michael Joseph, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born near the town of Ballymahon, County Longford, Ireland, in the year 1847. His parents were James and Ellen Woods, who, in 1850, came to Canada, settling in Toronto ; and subse- quently engaged in farming. Mr. Woods was educated in Toronto, and received a common school education. After leaving school he had a great desire for painting, but not being able to satisfy his inclination, he entered as an employee of Mr. John Mallon, This was in the year 1865 ; somewhat later he entered into partnership with Mr. Mallon, who was a butcher. The firm carried on business with much success and popularity in the St. Lawrence Market. In 1871 Mr. Woods set sail for England, forming a con- nection in that country for the sale of cured meats. He was successful in his mission, and established agencies at Liverpool and Glasgow. During this visit he travelled through the principal cities of Great Britain and Ireland. It may be said that Mr. Woods was one of the first to consider the idea of shipping live stock to the markets of Great Britain. In 1881 he was chosen councillor for the village of Brockton at that time a suburb of Toronto. This office he held till 1884 when the village was amal- gamated with the corporation of Toronto. In the same year he was chosen as aiderman for the city of Toronto, and in that posi- tion has exhibited zeal and conspicuous in- telligence in the discharge of his duties. In 1885, valuing his services, his constituents re-elected him. In religion Mr. Woods is a Roman Catholic ; in politics he favours the policy of Mr. Blake and other liberals. In 1881 he joined a syndicate whose object was the exportation of cattle to England, and during the time that he was engaged in this 96 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF business he shipped no fewer than 15,000 head of cattle. However, owing to the rapid increase of his business in other directions, he was obliged to sever his connection with the company. In 1882 he was offered a justiceship of the peace, but here again the pressure of his extensive business interfered and he was obliged to decline the offer. Mr. Woods takes a great interest in our national game, lacrosse, and is an honorary member of the Ontario Lacrosse club, of which Mr. D. A. Rose is captain. What his political methods are will be seen from the following extract taken from a card of his issued in the year 1885 to the electors of St. Mark's Ward :-' ' The ratepayers of your ward having always very kindly on former occasions placed enough confidence in me to elect me without any exertion on my part whatever ; should that confidence still continue, I will, as heretofore, without making any rash promises, do all in my power for the best interest of the ward. I, therefore, take this opportunity of letting my friends know that I am a candidate. I have scruples against making a personal canvass, for in my opinion candidates should be elected purely on their merits, and not through solicitations, as I am sorry to say is the case in many of the city wards." Oliver, John Duggan, Toronto, of the well-known firm of Oliver, Coate & Co., of Toronto, was born in Hamilton, on the 31st May, 1847. His father was Stephen Oliver, at one time Sheriff of Hamilton, and his mother's maiden name was Duggan. Our subject's father came to Canada about the year 1812, settling in Hamilton. Mar- garet Duggan (his wife) wTas a daughter of the late Col. Duggan, of the British army, and sister of the late Judge Duggan, of To- ronto. Mr. Stephen Oliver had ten chil- dren, the subject of this sketch being the youngest son. John Duggan Oliver received a sound commercial education, and conclud- ed his studies at Upper Canada College, at the age of sixteen. He then entered the employ of E. M. Carruthers, forwarding agent and wharfinger, where he remained for two years. He next entered the whole- sale house of Messrs. Moffatt, Murray & Co., and served a three-year apprenticeship at the business of the firm. At the age of twenty-one he entered the employ of Messrs. Wakefield, Coate & Co., auctioneers and commission merchants. This it may be said was the oldest firm of auctioneers in Can- ada, it having existed from 1834 to 1868. In the latter year Mr. Wakefield retired, and Mr. Oliver took the vacant place, having purchased his interest, when the firm charged its name to F. W, Coate & Co. In 1880, Mr. Coate retired, and the firm is still known as Oliver, Coate & Co., although Mr. Oliver is the sole proprietor. The popular name of this widely-known establishment is the Mart. Since the business came exclu- sively into Mr. Oliver's hands he has greatly enlarged the premises. The length of this handsome place is now 240 feet, with a ceiling 25 feet high, and the result is that the room is one of the most magnificent in the dominion. The business, we might say, consists of auctioneering, commission, valu- ation, dealings in real estate, finance agency, etc. Besides the splendid business that comes to the Mart from the public, the pro- prietor is official auctioneer for the Court of Chancery, and for Lloyds. Mr. Oliver has in the main confined himself to his business, but he is a man of large public spirit never- theless. He is a captain in the Reserve Militia, of which C. S. Gzowski is colonel. He is a member of the Church of England, and for seven years was warden of St. Ste- phen's Church, Toronto. He married, in September, 1870, Miss Elizabeth A. Coate, only daughter of F. W. Coate, ex-alderman of Toronto, and now resident in Rosseau, Muskoka district. By this union our sub- ject has a family of six children living. He has travelled through the United States, partly for recreation, and somewhat for business. Mr. Oliver, it would not be super- fluous to say, has more than usual business capacity and a sound judgment, a sharp, quick penetration. He doos not concern himself much with politics, but he is an ad- herent of the cause of Canadian Conservat- ism. Mr. Oliver's appearance indicates his energy. Pollard, Dr. Stephen B.-Stephen Ballard Pollard, M. B., was born on May 11th, 1846, in the Township of Toronto, County of Peel. His parents were Joshua Pollard, who married Miss Mariah Hill. Mr. Joshua Pollard was a life long Re- former, and was one of the patriotic spirits who gathered under the banner of William Lyon McKenzie, in the stormy years of 1837-38. Mr. Pollard always credited Mr. Wm. Lyon McKenzie with laying the foundation of freedom and justice in Can- ada. Our subject was educated first in the district school at home ; then in the Oak- ville County Grammar Schood, and subse- quently in the Toronto School of Medicine. He graduated in medicine in the University of Toronto in 1869, since which time he has been in constant practice He spent his first CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 97 two years in the County of Elgin, and then removed to Toronto. He has always been of a joyful disposition, but has never been given to excesses of any sort. His experi- ences of early life were of the most pleasant nature. He had kind indulgent parents, who were nevertheless firm when occasion required. The home fireside was always a happy desirable place. He has never evinced any taste for military affairs ; and has never held any public office, nor been connected with any public enterprises. He joined the Orange Association in November, 1875, and has held several offices in the lodge, and is at present master. He joined the Masonic order in December, 1875, and has held vari- ous offices, and is a past master. He joined the A. O.U. W. in January, 1880, and was master of the lodge for two or three years. He is now a Past District Deputy Grand Master for York District. He united him- self with the Select Knights of the A.O.U. W. in January, 1884, and is at present Com- mander of his Legion, and Deputy Grand Commander of the Grand Legion of Ontario; is President of Lodge Windsor, No. 35, Sons of England Benevolent Society. When living in St. Andrew's Ward, he was an active member of the Reform Association of the ward, being chairman one year. He has attended various churches, but never joined one. He is inclined to the Baptist belief, which in his opinion is nearer the true, eternal and primitive religion than any other form of worship. He is at pre- sent politically the same as when he first took any part in the affairs of the country. He is a reformer or grit, and does not know which term he likes best, but he is not ashamed of either, and is always ready to answer the call in either name. He was married on July 1st, 1874, to Margaret Cornnell, eldest daughter of the late John Cornnell, brewer, who sat at the aldermanic board of Toronto, for St. Andrew's Ward for several years. In private life Dr. Pollard is sunny-hearted and kind, and he can count hosts of devoted personal friends. He has an extensive practice, and is judged to be a most capable physician. Stevenson, Janies, Aiderman, Ham- ilton, one of those men who has carved out his own way in life with much success, was born on the 11th March. 1826, in the vil- lage of Sedgley, Staffordshire, England. His father was Joseph Stevenson, a currier by trade, and his mother was Martha, nee Brierwood. Joseph Stevenson led a quiet life so far as his business was concerned, but he was a very intelligent and patriotic man. He took a good deal of interest always in military matters, and belonged to one of the South Staffordshire regiments. He died in 1830. His son, the subject of this sketch, received the ordinary education that falls to boys at the common schools ; and when he had entered into his eleventh year he was apprenticed to the trade of en- gine building, etc. He spent eight years at this business ; and then, shouldering his pack, left his native village and proceeded to Birmingham. Here he plied his trade as a journeyman for some time ; but, in 1850 he made up his mind that the new world held out brighter prospects for the work of his hands than the old. So he sailed for America, and stationed himself in Philadelphia, obtaining employment in the Baldwin Locomotive Works. In 1854 he packed up his worldly goods and departed for Canada, taking up his abode in Hamil- ton, then a small enough town, yet display- ing the enterprise and push which after- wards gave to her the name of " the ambi- tious city." He obtained the responsible position of foreman in the locomotive de- partment of the Great Western Railway, and held this position till 1876, when he entered into public life. He now began to concern himself with public questions, and chiefly with subjects of civil concern. Estimating at its proper value his capacity for municipal business, a number of towns- folk pressed Mr. Stevenson to put himself in nomination for a seat in the council, which he did, and in January, 1877, he was elect- ed aiderman for No. 4 Ward. He has been re-elected for the same ward every year since, and enjoys the respect and un- shaken confidence of his constituents. In 1879 he was elected chairman of the Water Works Committee ; and this important office he holds up to the present date. In 1857 Mr. Stevenson was director and share- holder in the Hamilton Industrial Building Society ; and he subsequently became president of the same institution. This office he held till the affairs of the company were wound up in 1869. He was also president of the Equitable Building and Loan Society, which discontinued business in 1871. Our subject has been a somewhat extensive traveller. He has visited the chief places in the United States and in Canada; and he has crossed the ocean to pay a visit to his native land. He was reared in the Episcopal faith, but as he ad- vanced in life the doctrines of that church grew less acceptable and he became a Methodist. In Dominion politics he is 98 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF a Conservative, and takes an unusual in- terest in the affairs of his party. He has been vice-president of the Conservative Association in Ward No. 4. He married on the 1st of July, 1861, Mrs. Rachel Har- per, relict of the late Thomas Harper, and has no family. Mr. Stevenson is a gentle- man of courteous and attractive manner. We may add that at the time of the Des- jardins Canal accident Mr. Stevenson was one of the first persons upon the ill-fated scene and his assistance was most valuable and warmly remembered after that terrible accident. At the time of the Trent affair he organized a company of volunteers, but their services were not required, and it was disbanded after the excitement had ended. Henry, Robert, Brantford, ex-Mayor of the City of Brantford, was born in Perth- shire, Scotland, on November 30th, 1844. He is a son of John Henry, a contractor, and his mother, Jane, nee Dow, both being Scotch. Our subject was educated in the parish schools of Perthshire until he reached his ninth year. Then, in 1853, he came with the family to Ontario, and finished his studies in the Brantford public schools. In his twelfth year he entered the employ of Andrew Hudson, stationer, and in this employ remained for three years. He then became an apprentice to the grocery busi- ness with R. C. Allan. In 1862 our subject entered the warehouse of Charles Watts, the leading wholesale grocer in Brantford ; and on the demise of Mr. Watts, in 1868, he became manager for Alfred Watts, the son of his former employer, who bought out the business. Mr. Henry held the position until 1871, when he became a partner. The firm was now known as A. Watts & Co., whole- sale grocers. This firm also owns the Brant- ford soap works, the largest in the Dominion. The wholesale and manufactory, combined, embrace a very large business. The charac- ter of the firm stands the very highest, and its business relations extend throughout every province in the Dominion. Mr. Henry has held many positions of trust and responsibility during his career in Brantford. He has been president of the St. Andrew's Society, of the Caledonia Society, of the South Brant Agricultural Association, of the Telegram Printing Company, of the Liberal Conservative Association, and has been for two years past the president of the Brant- ford Board of Trade. He at one time was, for three years, a member of the High School Board. He has also been a director of the Brantford Young Ladies' College, since its establishment ; and he takes a very ac- tive part in the municipal affairs of the city, having been elected to the council for the representation of the North Ward in 1876. Mr. Henry was elected to the mayor's chair in 1878 by a large majority, and was the first mayor of Brantford after its inaugura- tion as a city. He was elected by acclama- tion in 1879, and offered the position a third time, but declined. During his term of office as chief magistrate the Lorne bridge across the Grand River was built, and is one of the best roadway bridges in Canada. Mr. Henry has always been an indefatigable worker in the interest of the city and county. In politics he is a Liberal Con- servative ; in religion a Presbyterian, and is a member of Zion Presbyterian church. He married Carrie E. Philip in December, 1879, daughter of the late Anthony Philip, and grand-daughter of the Rev. Dr. Buchanan, of Edinburgh, Scotland. He has three children. Mr. Henry is courteous and kindly-hearted, and is very popular with all classes of the people. Cordncr, Rev. John, LL.D.-This eloquent and learned divine, who, for over thirty years occupied a prominent position among the clergy of the City of Montreal, was born July 3rd, 1816, in the parish of Hillsborough, County of Down, Ireland. By the removal of his parents, during his infancy, to Newry, in the same county, he passed his boyhood and early manhood in that town, receiving such education there as the best local schools afforded. His start in life was in a business direction, but this was given up for study and training, with a view to the Christian ministry, as more in harmony •with his feeling and the tendency of his mind. Brought up in the First (Unitarian) Presbyteiian congregation of Newry, in connection with the Remon- strant Synod of Ulster, his studies were carried on under the direction of that body, at the Royal College, Belfast. Licensed by the Remonstrant Presbytery of Bangor, he was ordained in September, 1843, at a special meeting of that Presbytery, held in Belfast, to the charge of the Unitarian con- gregation of Montreal, Canada. That con- gregation had been formed in the previous year, but had not as yet been provided with a church edifice or regularly ordained min- ister. Mr. Cordner's call to the ministerial charge of the congregation of Montreal came through an application from Montreal made early in 1843, to the Rev. Dr. Montgomery, one of the professors in connection with the College at Belfast. Dr. Montgomery was CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 99 requested to recommend a suitable young man to take charge of the newly-formed congregation. Mr. Cordner's name was forwarded, and in due time a call came from Montreal, signed by John Young, L. H. Holton, Benjamin Workman, Thomas Workman, and fifteen others. In response to this call Mr. Cordner left Ireland for America, and after visiting New York and Boston, arrived at Montreal on Saturday, November 4th, 1843, and preached his first sermon to his congregation on the following day. The place of meeting was in a private house, where Sunday services continued to be held until a church was built. A lot of land having been secured for this purpose on Beaver Hall Hill, the foundations were laid early in 1844, and the church was opened and dedicated in 1845. As an indi- cation of the state of feeling in Montreal at that period, it may be mentioned that the vendors of the land on which the church was built hesitated to give a deed to a society of Unitarians, on the ground of its presumed doubtful legality in consequence of heresy in denying the doctrine of the Trinity. This technical difficulty, however, was easily overcome, and a church was built without delay. In 1857 the church was found too small for the increasing con- gregation, when it was taken down, and a larger building erected on the same site- the same building that now stands there, and is known as the Church of the Messiah. In July, 1845, Dr. Cordner visited Toronto, and preached in a church just vacated by Methodists, who had removed to a larger building. The vacated church had been purchased by a Unitarian friend and placed at his disposal for Sunday services ; and there, to a congregation gathered by public advertisement, the first Sunday service by a Unitarian minister, was held in Toronto. Passing from Toronto to Oshawa, he preach- ed before the Canada Christian Conference, then in session at that place, and returning to Toronto, he held Sunday services there, morning and evening, for the second time. At the close of the second Sunday meeting he recommended the friends assembled to organise a worshipping society, which was done-the same which now exists as the First Unitarian congregation of Toronto, having its church edifice on Jarvis street. During a period of thirty years or so Dr. Cordner had undivided charge of the con- gregation at Montreal ; then it was shared by others for a few years, after which, in consequence of failing strength, he retired from all ministerial responsibilities, still re- taining, however, at the special request of the congregation, a titular connection as Honorary Pastor or Pastor Emeritus. On resigning his ministerial responsibilities in Montreal, he removed with his family to Boston, Mass., where he now resides. The active ministerial and public life of Dr. Cordner was passed in Montreal. His in- terest in public matters was shown by his frequent contributions to the newspapers, editorial and otherwise. In 1844 he issued the " Bible Christian" as a monthly publi- cation, mainly for the purpose of removing misapprehension concerning Unitarian views of religion, and giving the general public a better opportunity for understanding the grounds of Unitarian Christianity. At the end of six years, having fulfilled its pur- pose, it was discontinued. In 1854, how- ever, again finding the need of some organ of expression through the press, he pub- lished a monthly journal called the " Liberal Christian," and carried it on for five years longer. In November, 1868, he presented his congregation with a volume of " Twenty- five Sermons," as a memorial of his twenty- five years' ministry among them. He is, besides, the author of pamphlets and tracts, s.everal of which have been reprinted else- where-notably one on the " American Conflict," which was reprinted in England and extensively circulated there during the civil war in the United States. He took an active part in securing Mount Royal Ceme- tery as a burial place for the Protestant population of Montreal, and was also one of the originators and corporators of the Protestant House of Industry and Refuge in that city. Dr. Cordner was married in October, 1852, to Caroline H., daughter of the Rev. Dr. Francis Parkman, of Boston, Mass. His family consists of two daughters. White, William, Secretary of the Post Office Department, Ottawa, a Justice of the Peace for the County of Carleton, and Lieutenant-Colonel, of the 43rd Battalion of Canada Militia, was born in London, England, January 6th, 1830. His father, whose Christian name was the same as his own (as was also that of his grandfather), died when our subject was barely ten years old. His mother came to Canada in 1861, and died in 1882, in the 85th year of her age. His father's family have for many generations been settled in Devonshire, where the even tenor of their lives seems to have been but rarely disturbed. Our sub- ject was educated at a private school near London, England, and shortly after leaving school he was appointed (19th February, 100 A CYCLOPEDIA OF 1846), to the English Civil Service as a clerk in the General Post Office, St. Martin's le Grand. This appointment he resigned in April, 1854, in which year he came to Canada. He remained at Goderich, in Western Ontario, during the summer of 1854, and in November of that year, entered the Civil Service of Canada as chief clerk in the money order branch of the Post Office department. This position he retained until Jan., 1861, when he was pro- moted to the secretaryship of the depart- ment. He was gazetted a lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion of Toronto militia on 31st March, 1859, and transferred to the un- attached list on the 18th May, 1860. At the time of the Trent affair in 1861, he joined the Civil Service Rifle Company, and served as a non-commissioned officer in that company, until the formation of the Civil Service Rifle Regiment. He com- manded a company in that regiment (com- mission as captain, dated 21st Sept., 1866), until it was disbanded in Dec., 1868. He was appointed to the command of an inde- pendent rifle company on the 23rd July, 1869, and promoted to the rank of brevet major, 25th Jan., 1872. On the organiza- tion of the Governor-General's Foot Guards in 1872, his company became No. 1 company of the Guards, in which regiment he was appointed senior major on the 20th Sept., 1872. He was promoted to the rank of lieut.-colonel, by brevet, 25th Jan., 1877, and was transferred from the Foot Guards to the 43rd Battalion as lieut.-colonel, on the re-organization of the 43rd Ottawa and Carleton rifles, on the 5th Aug., 1881. He commanded the Canadian team at Wimble- don, in 1884, on which occasion the team won the Kolapore cup. He has likewise been president of the Ottawa Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute, secretary of the Ottawa Natural History Society, and presi- dent of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club. Col. White was appointed in June, 1880, a member of the Royal Commission to en- quire into the Civil Service of Canada. He has never taken an active part in politics, and cannot be said to belong to either of the two great political parties. He married at St. George's, Hanover Square, London, on 1st Oct., 1.853, Elizabeth, daughter of George Keen, of Lambeth. He has had six sons, two of whom were drowned, and one daughter. Colonel White is said by those, whose testimony we must accept, to be at once one of the most popular and most efficient officers in the public service. In him is most happily united personal courtesy and official zeal. Osgoode, Honourable Chief Jus- tice, was born on March, 1754. When in his fifteenth year he was admitted as a commoner of Christ College, Oxford, whence he graduated M.A. in July, 1777. He was admitted at Lincoln's Inn, and be- came a student in the Inner Temple in 1773. Mr. Osgoode's family had limited means, so the young man applied himself with assiduity to his profession. In 1779 he published a tract in 4to, entitled " Remarks on the Laws of Descent, and the Reasons Assigned by Mr. Justice Blackstone for Rejecting, in his Table of Descent, a Point of Doctrine laid down by Plowdson, Lord Bacon and Hale.'' This long-winded and proclamation-like title,, did not take away from the value of the work, which was said to be both learned and judicious. At the bar Mr. Osgoode was not conspicuous for fluency or any other oratorical gift ; he spoke slowly-almost painfully-but with extreme care, using such words as exactly conveyed his meaning. His talent was soon recognized, and when, in 1789, the province of Upper Canada was established, he was appointed chief justice. He sailed for Canada in April, 1792, in the same ship with General Simcoe, the Lieutenant-Gov- ernor. There was much confusion in the court when the chief justice came, but his clear, concise and methodical intellect soon created order ; while the soundness of his judgments, and the unbending integrity of his character won for him universal esteem. In 1794 he was appointed likewise to the chief justiceship of Quebec, where he won the same high esteem which was bestowed on him in Upper Canada. In Quebec he formed an attachment for a very fascinating lady, but it appears that she did not return the devotion of the chief justice. With his private hopes wrecked, he, therefore, resolved to quit the country, the theatre of fond dreams and bitter disappointment. His friends said that he had grown lonely, separated from his English friends, and this it was that induced him to return. In 1801 he resigned his office and returned to Eng land on his official pension. This, together with his own property, was considerable. So after a short residence at the Temple he purchased a sumptuous set of apartments in Albany House. He there lived, in the enjoyment of society, universally esteemed, and never tempted from his resolution of remaining free from office, except in the case of two or three temporary commissions of a legal nature ; which, from a conviction of his qualifications and integrity, were in a manner forced upon him. In these he was CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 101 joined with Sir William Grant, and other great ornaments of the law. The last of them, which was for examining into the fees of office in the courts of law (in which he was united with the then accountant- general, and lord chief baron) was nearly brought to a conclusion at the time of his death. His health had generally been good till within a few years of this time, when he began to be an occasional sufferer from fits of the stone. The sorrow of his love disappointment in Quebec always remained with him, and he never married. He died in Albany House on January 17th, 1824. It was his name that was given to the seat of law, Osgoode Hall, in Toronto. Gregg, Rev. William, M.A., D.D., Toronto, Professor of Apologetics and Church History at Knox (Presbyterian) College, was born on the 5th of July, 1817, at Killycreen, near Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland. He is a son of Daniel Gregg, who was for many years a ruling member in the Presbyterian Church, Ramel- ton. His mother was Jane, nee Graham, and the ancestors of both parents were Scotch. Our subject pursued his early studies in the classical school, Ramelton, of which the Rev. Edward Reid, Presby- terian minister, was principal. After leav- ing this school, he spent some years in mer- cantile and banking business, and then attended Glasgow College, and graduated therefrom with the B. A. degree. He sub- sequently attended Edinburgh College, and at that institution obtained his M.A. His theological course was conducted under Drs. Chalmers, Welsh, and Cunningham, in the college of the Free Presbyterian Church, Edinburgh. On the 13th February, 1846, he was licensed by the Free Church Pres- bytery, and immediately afterwards sent as a missionary to Canada, by the Colonial Committee of the Free Church. His labours for the first year in Canada were confined within the bounds of the Kings- ton Presbytery ; and on the 22nd June, 1847, he was ordained and appointed minister of the congregation in Belleville, now known as John Street Church. Of this church he remained pastor till July, 1857, when he was translated to Toronto, to become pastor of Cooke's Church, of which he retained the charge for fifteen years, namely, till July, 1872. While pas- tor of Cooke's Church, he was appointed lecturer in apologetics (1864) in Knox Col- lege, and taught the theological classes in the Montreal Presbyterian College during the first half of the first session of that in- stitution (1867). He was likewise moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, usually called the Free Church, in 1861, when the union was effected between this church and the United Presbyterian Church of Canada. In 1872 he was appointed professor of apologetics in Knox College, and still occupies that chair. He likewise conducts the classes of church history. In 1878 he obtained the degree of D.D. from the University of Hanover, U.S. Dr. Gregg has given much of his attention to worthy moral movements, and he has been for many years an active sympathizer in temperance work. His chief literary production may be said to be his volume, a " History of the Presbyterian Church in Canada." This is a comprehensive and painstaking work. He has likewise published several tracts and discourses, and edited a book of " Prayers for Family Worship." Dr. Gregg married on the 10th May, 1849, Phoebe, eldest daughter of Dr. Rufus Holden, of Belle- ville. Muir, John, M.A., B.A., LL.B., Hamilton, was born at Grimsby, Lincoln county, on the 13th June, 1843. His father was Andrew P. Muir, and his mother was Sarah, nee Smith. John Muir's grand- father, Andrew Muir, came from Scotland to America in 1792. He reached Niagara in 1793, and died in 1855 in the 92nd year of his age, well respected and beloved by all who knew him. The father of our subject, Andrew P. Muir, was born on 12th April, 1803. He was one of the first white child- ren born in the township of Grimsby. When he was a young man there were troublous times in Canada, and he was out during the rebellion of 1837 on the loyalist side. He was afterwards a captain in the Militia. He is still living. Our subject's mother died in 1876, in the 70th year of her age. She was the daughter of a U. E. Loyalist, Mr. Isaac Smith. John Muir was educated at St. Andrew's Parochial School, under the charge of the Rev. F. J. Lundy, D.C.L., Rector of Grimsby; the common school; private tuition ; the Grammar School, and finally at the University of Toronto, from which institution he gradu- ated B. A. in 1865. The following year he took his degree of M. A. He obtained LL.B., with a silver medal, in 1873. In 1866 he entered upon a study of law, for which his tastes and inclinations seemed to fit him, in the office of Cameron & McMichael. He passed the attorney and barrister examinations in 1868 and 1869 successively. Having obtained his certificate 102 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF to the bar, he made no delay in seeking to establish a practice.* He proceeded to Grimsby, where he tried his fortune for a while ; but, although his success there was very fair, he was not satisfied with the prospects that the place at this time held out to his professional ambition. So in 1871 he returned to Hamilton, where he established himself by entering into partner- ship with Mr. John Crerar, now county attorney. Our subject is an enthusiast in his profession, yet has he sentiment and time to put at the disposal of other worthy employments as well. He obtained a first- class certificate at the Military School in Toronto in 18G5. He has not thus far made any decided effort to come into political prominence, although it cannot be said what the future may intend for him in this re- gard ; but he has always been a Conserva- tive, and believes Sir John Macdonald to be the only far-seeing and practical statesman in Canada. He approves of his general policy and methods, and is a staunch supporter of the national policy. He is a member of the Church of England, as his father and grandfather were ; and with re- spect to his inclination in the matter of ritual, he is an old-fashioned evangelical. He believes in the inspiration of the Bible, and has no difficulty in reconciling that book with the declarations of science. He married in 1874, Anna Pettit, daughter of Jonathan R. Pettitj of Grimsby. By this union there are two children. At the time of leaving the Military School, Mr. Muir held the rank of captain, and was also drill instructor. He belongs to the Conservative Association, of Hamilton, and is one of the committee of management. If energy and ability, held in check and directed by good judgment, count for much, a good deal, in many ways, may be expected of this young barrister. Sleeman, George, Brewer and Mal- ster, and one of the best known and most prominent citizens of Guelph, Ontario, was born in the village of St. David's, in the year 1841. When our subject was in his sixth year, his father, Mr. John Sleeman, moved from St. David's to Guelph, and here established himself in the brewing business. He had not long continued his business, when he came to the conclusion that it was destined to attain a wide growth. There- fore, after being three years in Guelph, he purchased the property, on which stands the Silver Creek Brewery, with which our subject's name is associated. Mr. John Sleeman now took a partner into the busi- ness, but the partnership worked somewhat disastrously, and several years of hard labour and intelligent industry were found to be without fruit. Therefore the partner- ship was dissolved, and the father of our subject once again took the management of the business into his own hands. Mr. Slee- man received a solid English education, attending school first at St. David's and subsequently at Guelph. When he was in his eighteenth year, he assumed control of the business, and it was soon perceived that he possessed qualifications for the posi- tion in a marked and satisfactory degree. Tn 1867 Mr. Sleeman, senr., retired from the business, and his son, our subject, resumed the entire management. Then the business began to increase in every direction ; the establishment was enlarged and perfected ; improved facilities were added, and in a little while everything in the splendid establishment was running with the regular- ity of clockwork. The connections of this firm now are very large, and it has agencies in Toronto, Hamilton, Brantford, Owen Sound, Stratford and Palmerston. In 1876 he was elected a member of the town council, and in the following year was elected second deputy reeve, by the largest vote and largest majority ever polled by a municipal representative in the town of Guelph. In 1877 he was elected second deputy reeve ; in 1878 he was elected first deputy reeve ; and in 1879 he was elected reeve, and also chairman of the Inauguration Committee. In 1880, when Guelph became a city, he was elected its first mayor, and was re-elected to the same office in 1881 and 1882. In 1881 he was elected by acclama- tion ; but in 1882 he was opposed ; never- theless his friends carried bis election by a large majority. He had the opposition of the two city newspapers, who resisted the filling of the chair for the third term, by the same person ; but this was the only de- cided ground for opposition. He was nom- inated the following year, but positively declined to fill the position if elected. He accepted and filled the position of chair- man of the Provincial Exhibition, and of the Local Exhibition Committee for 1883. Our subject married in 1863, Miss Sarah Hill, of Aylesbury, England, by whom he has had eleven children, ten of whom are living. His eldest son is nineteen years of age, and is conducting a branch of the brewery in Brantford. Mr. Sleeman is still president of the Maple Leaf Baseball Club, and he has been for three years president of the Guelph Rifle Association. He is also CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 103 trustee and treasurer of Progress Lodge, No. 158 1.0.0 F. The latter position he has held since it was instituted ten years ago. He has always been fond of healthful manly sports, and has given them a cordial patronage. Like his ancestors, he is a member of the Church of England. In poli- tics he takes no part. From a published source, we learn the following: "Twelve years ago Mr. Sleeman commenced to c j1- lect old coins, and acting on the principle which has distinguished his whole career, viz., ' whatever you undertake to do, do it with all your might,' he has succeeded with- in a few years in getting together a collec- tion that has no equal in the Dominion, and which will bear comparison with some of the famous cabinets of Europe. Mr. Sleeman's list embraces a complete collection of English coinage, American and Canadian, and almost perfect records of the chief European countries. In fact there is not a known country on the face of the globe, owning a coinage system but what is liberally represented in this Canadian collection. Though Mr. Sleeman absolutely refused to place a money value on his cabinets, it is well known by his friends that he has ex- pended thousands of dollars in the work of collecting them together. It is only necessary to add, in conclusion, that Mr. Sleeman's career has been an exemplary one. It has been honourable, straightfor- ward, and successful. Covernton, Dr. Charles Win., Toronto, second son of James Covernton, Esq., of the Island of Antigua, West Indies, was born on August 12th, 1813, at Penton Place, Walworth, London, England. He was educated in London and at the Abbe Haflrangue's College, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France, and was subsequently a pupil of Dr. Dugald McKellar, of Battersea. He attended the Windmill Street School of Medicine and St. George's Hospital, from 1830 to 1832. In the autumn of the latter year he went to the University of Edin- burgh, attending some of the classes there, but was principally at the extra mural school, of which Drs. Gregory, Macintosh, John and Alexander Lizars, Liston, Robert- son, Kemp and other eminent men were the professors. In March, 1835, he grad- uated at St. Andrew's. In August of the same year he obtained the diploma of the London College of Surgeons, and in the spring of the following year, the member- ship of the Apothecaries' Hall. He came to Canada in June, 1836, and spent the sum- mer months in Toronto, and in October he settled in the County of Norfolk. During the rebellion he was out with the local militia, as surgeon of Col. Rapelges' regi- ment, and subsequently accompanied Sir Allan MacNab, from Brantford to the dis- turbed districts in Norwich. He was elected territorial representative of the Gore and Thames district in the Medical Council, and successively appointed vice-president and president, and in the spring of 1878 he was appointed to a chair in the Faculty of Medicine of Trinity College. In 1878 he left Simcoe, County Norfolk, for Toronto, and he was subsequently elected president of Toronto Medical Society, and in 1881 pres- ident of the Ontario Medical Society. In 1882 he was appointed by the government of Ontario a member of the Provincial Board of Health, and in the spring of 1884 was chosen chairman of the same body. As a delegate of the board, he was present at the fourth International Congress of Hy- giene, assembled at Geneva, Switzerland, 1882, and in October, 1884, at the conven- tion of delegates from the state boards at St. Louis ; and in the following December, at Washington, district of Columbia. Dr. Covernton, it would be almost superfluous to say, is a most skilful medical man, widely popular and trusted in. Grant, James A., M.D., Ottawa, Fel- low of the Royal College of Physicians, and Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London ; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh ; Corresponding mem- ber of the Boston Gynecological Society, the distinguished gentleman who forms the sub- ject of this sketch was born at Inverness- shire, Scotland, on the 8th August, 1830. Our subject comes of a distinguished and able family. His father was Dr. James Grant, of Edinburgh, and for many years a prominent surgeon in Glengarry, On- tario ; and his paternal grandfather was the learned James Grant, author of " Essays on the Origin of Society," and "Thoughts on the Origin and Descent of the Gael." A little while after the publication of the latter work, the author was presented with a large silver vase bearing the following in- scription : " Presented by the Highland Society of Scotland to James Grant, Esq., of Corrimony, advocate, as a testimony of his treatise on the ' Origin and Descent of the Gael, 1819.' This was a prize essay, in which many of the most noted scholars in Scotland competed. The vase is in the possession of Dr. Grant in Ottawa. It may be interesting to note, as we pass, that Dr. Grant's correct appellation is Chief 104 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Grant, as he is the present chief of The Grants of Corrimony. This statement will be found amplified in a new work recently published by Dr Fraser, of Edinburgh, and entitled " The Chiefs of Grant." Our subject's mother was Jane, nee Ord, and she brought her son to this country in her arms. Young Grant received his education in arts at Queen's College, Kingston, and took his medical degree, 1854, at McGill, Montreal. Having obtained his diploma, he settled at Ottawa. His great skill and noteworthy success in his profession soon attracted attention, and very speedily began the first of what afterwards became a magnificent practice. He has been physician to Lord Monck, Lord Lisgar, Lord Duff'erin, Lord Lome and the Princess Louise, and is now physician to their Excellencies of Lans- downe. Honours have fallen fast upon Dr. Grant, but well have they been always earned. He has been president of the Mechancis' Institute and the St. Andrew's Society of Ottawa ; he has been president of the College of Surgeons of Ontario ; was a member of the International Medical Con- gress held at Philadelphia, in 1876, and was created one of its two vice-presidents in the department of surgery. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and of the Royal College of Surgeons, Lon- don ; a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh ; and of the Geological Society of England. He is also consulting surgeon to the general Protestant Hospital, and to the general Catholic Hospital, Ottawa. Dr Grant is likewise a member of the Royal Society of Canada ; and is ex-president of the Dominion Medical Association and re- presentative of the University of Ottawa in the Medical Council of Ontario. In the literature of his profession, Dr. Grant is a gentleman of distinguished repute. He has published, in British and Canadian periodicals, a large number of able, lucid, and comprehensive essays on medical and scientific subjects. In addition to his con- tributions to his own professed science, he is a geologist of high standing, and has made most valuable contributions to the literature of that important science. His style is clear, forcible and cultured, and his work has attracted very wide attention. Dr. Grant has likewise taken a share of public life. He is one of the sturdiest conservatives in the Dominion, and an iron-handed veteran in the day of battle ; and sat for eight years in the Dominion Parliament for the County of Russell. Always a man of wide views, and one who, in a great measure, looked into the future far as human eye could see, he was found advocating strongly measures of legislation, whereof most legislators in those days knew nothing, but which, time has since crowned with its approbation. Dr. Grant was one of the first who saw the need of a transcontinental railway, and was the gentleman who introduced the original Pacific Railway Bill. He likewise advocated the admission of the North-West Territories into the Dominion of Canada, at a time when some men regarded the proposal with hos- tility, and others deemed the territories to be an illimitable and dismal stretch of frosty plain, whereon little grew but lichens. Dr. Grant married on the 22nd Jan., 1856, Maria, daughter of Edward Malloch, who sat for Carleton in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. The fruit of this union was twelve children, four of whom are dead ; and the parents and family are members of the Presbyterian faith. What surprises those most who have studied Dr Grant's career is his vast capacity for work, and his almost unparalleled industry. Hughes, James Laughlin, Inspec- tor of Schools, City of Toronto, was born on February 20th, 1846, near Bowmanville, Durham Co., Ontario. He is a son of John Hughes and Caroline Hughes, nee Laughlin. His father was for twenty-five years one of the leading Public School teachers in West Durham. Both his grandfathers were born in Ireland, in the County of Tyrone, and both were by profession soldiers, and fought under Wellington at Waterloo. After the battle of Waterloo his mother's father was stationed in France, and he married a French lady named Pierre. His grandfather Hughes married a sister of the Rev. Samuel McLung, the associate of Rev. Gideon Ouseley in establishing Methodism in Ireland. Our subject received his education in the public school taught by his father in the town- ship of Darlington, Co. Durham ; and after- wards in the Normal School, Toronto, under the late Thomas Jaffry Robertson and Dr. Sangster. He is also a graduate of the Mili- tary School in connection with H.M. 29th Regiment. He took a second class certifi- cate of qualification to teach when twelve years of age, and from that time regularly took part in public debates with adults in connection with temperance organizations and literary societies. He regards this as a most important part of his training. At the age of thirteen he was editor of what was officially stated to be the first paper conduct- ed iri a good templar lodge in Ontario. He left school at fourteen, and for four years CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 105 subsequently managed a farm owned by his father, and had a workshop in which he made the wood work of the implements used on the farm, and attended to such repairs as was necessary. He chopped cord-wood during the winter time and sold it to procure the neces- sary tools, and also to enable him to procure such books as he needed. At eighteen he accepted a position as teacher of a school in the township of Hope. The school was kept open only for six months in the year, and Mr. Hughes began the work of teaching with the idea that it would be a profitable way to spend the winter season when there was not much to do on the farm. His salary was $120 for six months. He soon developed a passionate love for teaching, and concluded to devote his life to educa- tional work ; therefore he attended the Normal School in Toronto in 1865 and 1866, and was selected by Dr. Sangster to fill a vacancy in Frankford before leaving the Normal School. On his 21st birthday he was appointed second assistant master in the Provincial Model School, Toronto. He was promoted to the position of first assist- ant in Jan., 1868, and became head master in Aug., 1871. He was appointed to his present position of inspector in May, 1874. How schools have increased since Mr. Hughes, first connection with them may be gathered from the fact that there were only 67 teachers in 1874, while in 1885 there are 237. The military feeling of the Water- loo veterans was transmitted to the grand- sons. Three brothers are soldiers-Major Hughes and Adjutant Hughes of the 45th, and Sergeant Hughes of the 90th Canadian Volunteers. He took a second class certifi- cate from the 29th Regt., but has no military record. Our subject has been president of the Toronto Teachers' Association for six years, and was president of the Canadian Branch of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle for the first three years of its existence. He was also president of the Toronto Sunday School Association, and for several years secretary of the same associa- tion. He was honorary Secretary of the Sabbath School Association of Canada for two years, and for four years secretary of the Provincial Teachers' Association for Ontario ; was a member of the Central Com- mittee of Examiners from 1877 to 1882, and was appointed by the Ontario Government as a special commissioner to investigate the examination frauds in connection with teachers' examinations in 1877. He became by special dispensation a Good Templar when twelve years of age, and was the first W. Chief of Toronto lodge. He became a member of St. Andrew's Lodge, A.F.A.M., and was worshipful master in 1883. He became an Orangeman in 1882, and is now an officer in Temperance L. 0. L., 140, and also in the County Lodge for Toronto. He has visited most of the leading cities in the United States at various times to study educational methods and systems, and was sent by the Ontario Government to St. Louis to report on the Kindergarten system in that city in 1883. Mr. Hughes takes an active interest in our national sports, and held for seven years the presidency of the Toronto Lacrosse Club, and for eleven years played in all the important matches of the club. He was also the secretary for two years of the National Lacrosse Association. Mr. Hughes has been chiefly instrumental in the intro- duction into Ontario of industrial drawing, the Kindergarten, the phonic method of teaching reading, and systematic hand train- ing as a means of intellectual development. He taught the opening lesson in connection with the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle at Chautauqua on the day of the founding of the society in 1878. Mr. Hughes has written several works, which have been well received by the teaching profession in Canada and the United States, his "Mistakes in Teaching" having been twice republish- ed in the United States, and was adopted by the State Board of Education for Iowa as one of the books to be read by the teachers of that state. He has also published " How to Secure and Retain Attention," " The Teacher before his Class," " Drill and Calis- thenics," " Topical History of England," "Topical History of Canada," and "The Practical Speller." Mr Hughes is one of our foremost educationists, and occupies a high standing among all educational circles. He married in Dec., 1869, Miss Annie Agnes Sutherland, of Toronto, who died in 1884. Mr. Hughes is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and in religion a Methodist. Campbell, Archibald Hamilton, Toronto, was born on 12th August, 1819, at Carbrook, Stirlingshire, Scotland, the coun- try seat of his father, John Campbell, W.S., who was born in 1770, and who was the great-grandson and representative in the male line of John Campbell of Easter Shian and Garrows, in the County of Perth, grandson of John Campbell of Edramuckie Castle, on Loch Tay. Mr. Campbell of Car- brook married, in 1794, Frances Allen Brown, grand-daughter of William Mayne, of Powis and Logie, Counties Perth and Clackmanan, the great-grandson of William 106 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Mayne of Pile, who lived in the time of Mary and James VI., was succeeded by his son John, born 1586, and who died in 1696 at the age of 110. {Vide Burke's Ex- tinct Peerages, art. Mayne.) Our subject was educated at the Edinburgh Academy and the University of Edinburgh, at both of which the studies were chiefly classical. He always was fond of out-door sports and ath- letic exercises, and in studies of natural philosophy and mechanics. On leaving the University he adopted banking as a profes- sion, but subsequently took up the study of Scotch law. In 1845 he came to Canada, and on the copper mining excitement break- ing out, became connected with a min- ing enterprise on Lake Huron, which, like other similar ventures, was unsuccessful. Being offered the post of manager in a bank in Montreal he returned thither in 1851. In 1856 he was married, at Hillingdon church, near Uxbridge, England, to Louisa, youngest daughter of Henry Fisher, Esq., of Hillhead, Dunkeld. In the same year he removed to Kingston, the head office of the bank, and resided there till 1854, when, having become interested in a large lumber- ing concern in the County of Peterborough, he retired from the bank, and has since de- voted himself to that business. In 1874, having sold the mills and timber limits, he re- moved from Peterborough to Toronto, where he now resides, and carries on the business of the Muskoka Mill and Lumber Company. When residing in Montreal, the Oregon dis- pute appearing likely to lead to a war with the United States, he obtained a commis- sion in the Montreal Light Infantry, com- manded by Col. Dyde. On leaving the pro- vince he retired with the rank of captain. He is connected with various public com- panies as a director or president of the board, is also a member of the Board of Trus- tees of the University and U. C. Colleges ; but has not aspired to other public office. In 1840, whilst residing in England, he was initiated in the mysteries of Freemasonry. He served as W. M. of St. Paul's Lodge, Montreal, and J.- in the R. A. Chapter of the same lodge. He has since youth at- tended the services of the Church of Eng- land, which he believes to be the best form of church polity, as a monarchy is the most perfect form of civil government. He has always held what are called evangelical views, and is a member of the diocesan and provincial Synods. He was one 'of the founders of the Church Association, organ- ized for the purpose of putting a check on ritualism, and now takes a warm interest in Wycliffe College. His political views have always been strongly conservative, btit he would at any moment sacrifice party to honest and pure government. He has three sons, the eldest being a barrister in Toronto, a silver medalist of the University, and a gold medalist of the Law Society ; the second a B.A., Toronto, studying medicine at Edin- burgh University ; and the third, also a B.A., Toronto, is manager of the Muskoka Mills, on the Georgian Bay. He has also three daughters. Gibson, John Morison, Lt.-Colonel, M.P.P., Hamilton, was born in the town- ship of Toronto, County of Peel, on the 1st of January, 1842. Our subject is a son of the late William Gibson, who came to this country in 1827 from Glamis, For- farshire, Scotland, and shortly after his arrival, married Mary Sinclair, whose fam- ily belonged to the township of Nelson, in the County of Halton. William Gibson was a farmer, and died when his son John was only three years of age. Mr. Gibson is a cousin of the late David Gibson, who formerly represented North York in the old Parliament of Canada, and who was prominently associated with William Lyon Mackenzie in the troubles of 1837. He was educated at the Central School, in the city of Hamilton, where, under the head mastership of J. H. Sangster, now Dr. Sangster, he made rapid progress, soon becoming head boy of the Hamilton school system. He matriculated in the University of Toronto, in 1859, attended University College for four years, taking high honours, with scholarships, during his course, and graduated in 1863, taking the Prince of Wales' prize, at that time bestowed on the most distinguished graduate of the year. His college course was mainly devoted to the study of languages, as is evidenced by the fact of his taking silver medals in the de- partments of classics and modern languages, and the prize in the department of oriental languages. By including Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac, among the tongues to which he devoted his attention, it might be sup- posed that the church was his destiny. He commenced the study of law in the office of the firm of which the present Justice Bur- ton was at the head, in the city of Hamil- ton, and during the term of his articles, he entered the law course of the University, receiving the degree of LL.B, and the gold medal of that faculty in 1869. His course as a student was marked by close applica- tion. He was called to the bar in Michael- mas term of the year 1867. After practising CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 107 alone for about a year, he entered into partnership with Francis Mackelcan, Q.C., with whom he has ever since been associated in business under different firm names in carrying on an extensive practice in the City of Hamilton. During the Trent ex- citement in 1861 he was one of the first to enroll on the organization of the Univer- sity Rifle Company, along with other men of his year, such as Wm. Muloch, M.P., ex-Mayor McMurrich, of Toronto, Dr. Old- right, and many of the professors, including Professors Croft, Cherriman, Wilson, Buck- land, Chapman, Loudon (then a student), and Hirschfelder. On leaving the Univer- sity, he joined the 13th Battalion, of Ham- ilton, as a private. In 1865 he attended a military school, taking a first as well as second class certificate of efficiency ; and about the same time received a commission as ensign in the 13th. He was present as a lieutenant of the leading company of the battalion at Ridgeway, in 1866, in the skirmish with the Fenians. He rose through the various grades of rank till he was gazetted lieutenant-colonel on the 26th October, 1876. He has a very high repu- tation as a rifleman, and was a member of the teams to Wimbledon in the years 1874, 1875 and 1879, on each of which occasions he distinguished himself as a marksman ; while in 1879 his record was most brilliant. On this occasion he succeeded in carrying off the Prince of Wales' prize of £100 and badge, a prize which vied in importance to the Queen's itself. He also, at the same meeting tied the winner in the Olympic, or Snider championship match. He com- manded the Canadian team to Wimbledon in 1881, when the British team were defeat- ed in the match for the Rajah of Kolapore's cup. He was a member of the Canadian team in the great international two days' match at Creedmoor in 1876, and in 1882 commanded the Canadian team which de- feated the Americans for the first time in long range rifle shooting. Colonel Gibson is a member of the Council of the Dominion Rifle Association, president of the Ontario Rifle Association, and has been for many years president of the well-known Victoria Rifle Club, of Hamilton. He has taken a deep interest in educational as well as in military matters. For many years he was a member of the Board of Education for the City of Hamilton, and was chairman for two years. At the first election of members for the Senate of the University, of Toronto, under the University Act of 1873 re-constituting the Senate, he was honoured by his fellow graduates by being one of the first senators selected. He has continued a member down to the present time, having been re-elected in 1878 and 1883. He was examiner in the Faculty of Law for 1872 and 1873. Our subject has wide and prominent connection with secret societies. He is a Freemason, and is past- master of Strict Observance and Temple Lodge of Hamilton. Of the latter he was first master. He is a past first principal of St. John's Royal Arch Chapter, a past grand superintendent of the Hamilton district of the Grand Chapter of Canada, and a past District Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada. At present he is com- mander-in-chief of the Provincial Consist- ory of the Scottish Rite, and is a member of the Supreme Council of that Rite within the Dominion of Canada. From an early age he took an active and foremost part in Liberal politics. For many years he ener- getically filled the position of secretary of the Reform Association of Hamilton. On the retirement of Mr. J. M. Williams from public life, in 1879, he became the candidate of the Reform party, for the Legislative Assembly, and after a very spirited contest, defeated Mr. Hugh Murray, the popular Conservative nominee. Again in 1883, not- withstanding that the city had, since 1878, been represented in the Commons by Con- servative members, he was re-elected by a considerable majority over Mr. Richard Martin, Q.C., the regular Conservative nominee, and Mr. Edward Williams, the labour candidate. He has taken a prominent position in the Legislative Assembly, and was freely spoken of in connection with the portfolio of Education as successor to the Hon. Adam Crooks, but in consideration of the exigencies of the political situation at that time, he favoured the appointment of the present minister, resulting as it did in the redemption of West Middlesex for the Reform party. In 1884 he was appoint- ed to the important chairmanship of the Standing Committee on private bills, a posi- tion requiring the exercise of much tact and judgment. He has experienced more than the usual allotment of ups and downs in domestic life. He married first on the 26th October, 1869, Emily Annie, daughter of the late Ralph Birrell, of London, Ont., merchant. She died on the 3rd June, 1874. He married again on the 26th Sep- tember, 1876, Caroline, second daughter of the late Hon. Adam Hope, senator. She died 9th October, 1877. Married third time, 18th May, 1881, Elizabeth, daughter 108 A CYCLOPEDIA OF of the late Judge Malloch, of Brockville, and they have two children, a son and daughter. In all his relations he is cour- teous and generous hearted. He is one of the most promising among our younger politicians, and his day for a portfolio must soon come. Bowman, Isaac Erb, of Waterloo, the subject of this sketch, was born in the township of Woolwich, in the County of Waterloo, Ontario, 1832. Here he was brought up, and here he attended school, subsequently entering the Rockwood Aca- demy till he was prepared to begin and make his way in the world. Our subject is the son of John B. Bowman, a gentleman well known for high character ; and his mother was Lydia, nee Erb. When Isaac reached his eighteenth year he had not made up his mind with respect to an avocation ; but he had a good education, and an oppor- tunity presenting, he entered a school as master. He liked the profession of teaching, took pride in his work, and was very suc- cessful. As a teacher he remained employed till 1860, when certain allurements lay be- yond the teaching profession. But in the meantime Mr. Bowman had not confined himself exclusively to the duties of the class room. In 1857 he became clerk of the township of Woolwich, and held the posi- tion till 1873. In 1858 he was appointed treasurer for the same municipality, and he holds this position at the present time. Those who had watched his career for some years, concluded that he had excellent qualifications for parliament, so the electors of North Waterloo, in 1864, elected him as their representative in the Legislative As- sembly of Canada ; and again in 1867 to represent them in the House of Commons, and this seat he held until 1878. Mr. Bow- man was always what was known as a "solid" representative, and his judgment could always be relied upon. Mr/Bow- man is president of the Ontario Mutual Life Insurance Company, and this position he has held since the organization of the company in 1870. He is likewise president of the Mercantile Fire Insurance Company, and a director of the Waterloo Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1860 ; and has al- ways taken a deep interest in the progress of moral movements. He is a prominent member of the Methodist communion. In 1857 he married Nancy Kaufman, daughter of Andrew Kaufman, late of Preston. She died in 1858. He married again, in 1861, Lydia Bowman, daughter of J . W. Bowman. He adopted the tanning business in 1857, which he has pursued with uniform success ever since ; and is at present a partner of the tanning firm of Bowman & Zinkan, of Southampton, and is carrying on a kip tan- nery at St. Jacob on his own account. Wickens, Richard, Toronto, was born on the 13th August, 1826, near Win- chester, Hampshire, England. His parents belonged to that locality, and the family came to Canada in 1836. His mother's maiden name was Dinah Barlow. Our sub- ject received a general mercantile education until he was fourteen years old, and was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Quebec until the spring of 1854, when he removed to Toronto. In 1854 he entered the service of the British America Assurance Co., and remained with that company for nineteen years. In 1873 he assumed the general agency of the Commercial Union Assurance Co., of London, England, for Western On- tario. He was at first associated with Mr. Westmacott, who died in 1879, and later with Mr. Mitchell, who died in November, 1884. He is a member of St. George's Society, hav- ing served actively for one or two years. He has travelled through England, Scot- land, Canada, and also through the Eastern and Southern States down to Florida. In religion our subject is a Methodist. His parents were of the Church of England, but he changed his religious views some time ago. He is independent in politics. He married in Feb., 1848, Martha A. Booth, Mrs. Wickens died Feb. 21st, 1885, after having borne a family of ten children, five of whom survive her. Mr. Wickens has no cause to complain of his success in Canada, having a good business, which he built up by intelligence, upright dealing and per- sistent energy. Bis father served during the rebellion of 1837-38, and was disabled for life by his horse falling upon him and dislocating his thigh and shoulder. Mr. Wicken's face reveals his kindly heart, and this is avouched by hosts of warm friends. Riddell, William Henry, Waterloo, the subject of this memoir, was born in the village of Sparta, in the township of Mark- ham, County of York, Ontario, on the 18th of August, 1837, a year memorable in the annals of our country as that of the re- bellion-a popular uprising against the grinding domination of a junta of oligarchs, aided and abetted by the unwise adminis- tration of the arbitrary lieutenant-gover- nors of those days. His father's name was William Riddell, and the maiden name of his mother Margaret Lavin. His father CANADIAN BlOGliAPHY. 109 was Irish by birth, having been born in the County of Mayo, Ireland, where also, we believe, were born his father and grand- father. The family, however, was of Scotch descent, and claimed kinship with the Rid- dels, of Glen-Riddel, in Scotland, one of whom was immortalized by Robert Burns, " Scotia's sweetest bard," in a poem written in April, 1794, on the death of his friend and patron, and whom the poet laments as " The Man of Worth, and has not left his peer." His father was brought up a rigid Presby- terian, and having received a liberal educa- tion, was, by his parents, destined for the ministry ; but in this, as the sequel will show, they were doomed to disappointment. Having mastered the Celtic language-a rare accomplishment in those days-he turned his attention to its ancient litera- ture ; but instead of tinding, as he had been taught, that wherever the Catholic Church held sway ignorance and superstition flour- ished apace, he, on the contrary, was aston- ished to learn from authentic sources that when Europe was a corpse beneath the hoof of the Vandal, Catholic Ireland was the resort of students of all nations, the mart of learning and the home of worth ; that she was then " the school of the west, the quiet habitation of sanctity and literature." Nor did his inquiries rest here. He pursued his investigations into the region of polemics, and examined the claims of the various sects, to be in spiritual matters, the divinely appointed teachers of mankind, with the result that, like Noah's dove, finding no re- pose he returned, weary of the search after truth elsewhere, to rest his head on the bosom of the Catholic Church. This step, which was taken from conviction and after much deliberation, cut him off at once from his family, and, in 1830, he left his native country and landed in Upper Canada. In the following year he was married to Miss Lavin, in St. Paul's Church, in what was then called "muddy little York," now the metropolitan City of Toronto. Her family, as the name La Kin indicates, was of French extraction, the founder of its Irish branch having crossed over from sunny France to the Green Isle in 1689, with the fugitive king, James II. of England, to assist that monarch to regain his crown ; and on the conclusion of peace, after the disastrous campaign of 1691, settled in the country, and having married one of " Erin's fair daughters," the family, in the course of time, became even " more Irish than the Irish themselves." In the fall of 1837, while his parents were on their way into the city to have the subject of this sketch bap- tized, his father was arrested by the "royal- ists " as one who had dared to hold opinions on public questions in opposition to those held by the Family Compact; but when the peaceful nature of his mission was made known, he was released, and allowed to proceed on their journey. In 1848 he re- moved to the " Queen's Bush," and took up a block of land in the wilderness lying west of Nottawasaga, in what, when sur- veyed some years afterwards, was called the Township of Osprey, in the County of Grey. Here, out of the forest, he hewed a home for himself and family, where he re- sided for a quarter of a century, until his death in 1873, much respected by all who knew him. He was, in all that the term implies, a pioneer of civilization in Western Canada, and as such deserves a place among "Representative Canadians." The facilities of acquiring, " in the bush," even the rudi- ments of a common school education were,for many years, limited, but his parents having determined to give him the best education in their power, the subject of our memoir was sent, in 1854, to Collingwood, the school of which town was then taught by Mr. A. McMurchy, for many years past rector of the Toronto Collegiate Institute, and a graduate in arts of the Toronto Uni- versity. This was his alma mater. From its halls, in 1856, at the age of nineteen, he entered the profession of teaching, which he followed with more than average success until the close of 1865, when he abandoned that calling for the more active if not more profitable business of fire underwriting, re- presenting for many years the Waterloo Mutual and other companies in the counties of Wellington, Grey and Bruce. In Janu- ary, 1867, he married Miss Fannie L. Red- mond, daughter of Ed. J. Redmond, Esq., an educationist of varied attainments and a teacher of much success, who occupied the position of head master of the Cobourg common school for twenty-five consecutive years. Many of his pupils (Chief Justice Thos. Moss, the Canavans and others), made their mark in the legal and other professions in after years. He counted among his life- long personal friends the late lamented Dr. Bethune, Lord Bishop of Toronto, the late Judge McDonald, of Guelph, and many other distinguished men. He was Irish by birth, and was related to that noted Wex- ford family of Redmonds, which has given to Ireland two of the ablest men, orators and parliamentarians to be found among 110 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF that gifted body of statesmen who at the present time constitute the Irish party in the British House of Commons, under the leadership of Charles Stewart Parnell. Of this marriage there were born three sons and a daughter, but by one of those dis- pensations of Providence not always com- prehended by human reason, he suffered the untimely loss of his wife and children -a bitter affliction in which he was sus- tained by the generous sympathy of a wide circle of relatives and. friends. In 1868 the Ontario Mutual Life obtained an Act of Incorporation from the House of Assembly for Ontario, one of the conditions of which was that before the board could issue the first policy (it being a purely mutual com- pany without any capital), 500 applications for insurance, averaging $1,000 each, had to be procured; and to assist in floating the company (the first of its kind in Canada), Mr. Riddell undertook an agency for it, and succeeded in securing a fair share of the required 500 charter-members, several of whom may be counted among its policy holders at the present day. Thus he was identified with the company in its infancy, little thinking that later on he would be- come one of its chief executive officers. In 1869, desirous to gain experience of city business, he accepted a position in the counting room of the manufacturing estab- lishment of Messrs. Wilson, Bowman & Co., Hamilton, and in 1870 was made manager of their factory at Fergus, erected for the purpose of meeting the foreign demand then existing for the Lockman Family Sew- ing Machine. In the summer of 1872, this factory having shut down, owing to the de- pression then prevailing in all branches of business, both on this continent and in Europe, he severed his connection with the firm, and in the following spring engaged with the Williams Manufacturing Co., Mon- treal, of which Sir Hugh Allan was presi- dent, as their superintendent of agencies. In the fall of that year he was married to Miss Maggie H. Redmond (under authority of special indult, dated Rome, August 17, 1873), in St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, by the very Rev. Vicar-General, now Right Rev. Dr. Jamot, Bishop of Peterboro', and spent the winter of 1873-4 in the great com- mercial capital of Canada, assisting the Company's officers to get out its financial statement for the year. In the spring of 1874 he again took the field, meeting with remarkable success. A change in the man- agement having taken place, he left the service of the Company and embarked on the troubled sea of journalistic enterprise. Early in his somewhat, checkered career, he aspired to the honour of contributing his mite towards the enlightenment of that un- certain factor in political calculations, name- ly, public opinion, and we, therefore, find him either in the press or in the thick of the battle on the hustings, taking an active part in the electoral contests of the day. In 1876 he was offered, by Mr. J. L. Troy, the founder of the Toronto Tribune, and ac- cepted, a joint interest in that paper. In the fall of the same year a sale of this pub- lication was made to Messrs. Carroll and Larkin, St. Catharines, Mr. Thos. McCros- son taking the nominal management, with Messrs. Troy and Riddell on the staff, and Mr. Alexander Robertson in charge of the editorial department. On Mr. McCrosson's appointment, in 1879, to the wardenship of the Reformatory at Penetanguishene, Mr. Riddell became the manager, and, in .1880, managing editor of the paper. While hold- ing this position, his old friends at the head office of the Ontario Mutual Life, feeling the need for some person of Mr. Riddell's experience and training to assist the mana- ger in the growing work of the company, offered him a position, and shortly after he entered on the discharge of his duties the board created the office of Secretary of the company and appointed him its first incum- bent-an office he has filled with general acceptance to all having business to transact with the company. That the popularity of the management has lost nothing by Mr. Riddell's accession to its staff may be learn- ed from the fact that during the past five years, covering the period of his official connection with the company, its volume of assurances in force has increased over 150 per cent., and its income in cash over 200 per cent. Mr. Riddell is a self-made man, having been the architect of his success in life as well as of his education. From the desk of the schoolmaster he has passed from one post of responsibility to another until he has, while yet in the prime of manhood, attained to the honourable and responsible position of being one of the leading life in- surance men of Canada. Allan, Daniel Hugh, Toronto, the sub- ject of this sketch, was born in the township of IS or th Easthope, in the County of Perth, in the Province of Ontario, on 31st Decem- ber, 1842. His father was the late Rev. Daniel Allan, who received his education at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, from which he graduated in due course, and was ordained a member of the Presbyterian CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 111 Church. In 1837 he left Scotland and came to Canada as a missionary, and in such oc- cupation he remained for three years, his cir- cuit being through the Hamilton, London and Stratford districts ; but before the ex- piration of his term, having made up his mind to remain in Canada, he settled in Stratford. Upon the division of the church he leagued himself with the Free Church, and removed to North Easthope, taking charge of and organizing the congregation there. In 1841 he married Margaret Macdonald, of Guelph, by whom he had a family of seven children, the subject of this sketeh being the eldest. Mr. A. McD. Allan, the second eldest of the family, was for a long period the editor of the Huron Signal in Goderich, and wielded his pen in the cause of the Reform party. This gentleman, it may be said, is one of the most prominent agriculturists in the dis- trict, and he is likewise conspicuous in the Fruit Growers' Association. A sister is wife of A. P. Hopkins, Esq., banker, of Omaha, Nebraska; a brother, J. S. Allan, is Sun- day school superintendent for the State of Nebraska ; a brother, Evan Allan, M.D., died at Old Orchard, Maine, in 1872, and a brother and sister died in childhood The subject of this sketch received a com- mon school education, finishing his stud- ies at the Guelph Grammar School. After leaving school he remained for a time on the paternal farm, but having a taste for military pursuits, he joined No. 1 Company of the 28th Battalion of Perth, as a private, in 1865. He afterwards removed to Toronto for the purpose of qualifying himself for a commis- sion from the military school there, and soon obtained a first-class certificate. While at the school the Fenian raid of 1866 took place, and our subject, by permission ob- tained through the commandant, joined the Queen's Own Rifles as a private. He took part with the volunteers in their encoun- ter with the Fenian raiders, and came back to Toronto as a sergeant. On returning to Stratford he began the study of law in the office of Carroll & McCulloch, where he re- mained for a few months. He then came to Toronto and entered the law office of Mac- donald, Stevens & Howard ; and afterwards the law firm of Patterson, Harrison & Pat- terson, finally taking his degrees of barris- ter, attorney and solicitor. He was one of the first promoters of the District Telegraph Company, which was afterwards amalga- mated with the Telephone Company of To- ronto. In politics he is a Reformer, and is now secretary of the Reform Association of Toronto, a position he has held since 1880. In religion he is a Presbyterian, being a member of St. Andrew's Church. On his return from Stratford he rose suc- cessfully from sergeant to senior major of the Queen's Own Rifles, and as a captain took much interest in his company, especially in rifle-shooting, in which branch of military proficiency he has never ceased to warmly advocate the more thorough training of the volunteer militia. He has been for many years chairman of the regimental rifle com- mittee, and as such, coupled with the fact of his being himself an excellent shot, he has been the means of bringing the regiment into the position of being, as a shooting corps, second to none in the Dominion. During the late campaign in the North- West he did good service as second in com- mand of the contingent of his corps, which formed part of the Battleford column. Al- together his is a career that a young man, setting forth in the world to carve his way, might study with profit. lloryan, Henry James, Chief Clerk of the Department of State, Ottawa, was born in the city of Quebec, on November 14, 1842, and received his education at Mor- rin College in that city. He married in No- vember, 1873, Emily, second daughter of the Honourable A. N. Richards, Q.C., late Lieu- tenant-Governor of British Columbia. He entered the public service on the 19th of November, 1853 ; and was a sessional clerk in the Legislative Assembly of Canada from 1860 to 1864, when he was appointed pri- vate secretary to the Honourable Isaac Buchanan, then president of the Execu- tive Council. He was transferred to the Provincial Secretary's Department during the same year, as private secretary to the Honourable William McDougall, C.B., then a member of the coalition cabinet of Tache- Macdonald, and after the accomplishment of confederation he was appointed to the de- partment of State as a junior second-class clerk ; and in October, 1873, he was pro- moted to first-class, and was given charge of the State Records of Canada. In this capacity he took charge of the ancient State Records of Canada, which had been lying for many years in the vaults of the old Gov- ernment House at Montreal, and brought them to Ottawa, where they were placed with the collection in the department of State, which by law is under the custody of the political head of that department for the time being. On December 22nd, 1875, he was appointed to a chief clerkship, with the title of Keeper of the Records. In 1879, he obtained a chief clerkship of the 112 A CYCLOPEDIA OF first grade. He was appointed chief clerk of the Department of the Secretary of State in June, 1883, replacing Mr. Grant Powell, who was promoted to the under-secretary- ship. In 1869 he was a commissioner to the Western States to enquire into and report upon the existence of the Texan cattle plague. Mr. Morgan was called to the bar of Quebec in January, 1873, and to that of Ontario in Easter term during the same year. There is no one in Can- ada to whom our native literature is under deeper obligation than it is to the gentleman who is the subject of this sketch. Every writer of history or biography, who seeks material for his work, finds in Mr. Morgan's books a splendidly equipped store- house; while his productions possess literary merit, they are in the highest degree prac- tically useful. Mr. Morgan is the author of the books, " Tour of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales through British America and the United States," published in Quebec in 1860 ; and of "Sketches of Celebrated Cana- dians and Persons Connected with Canada," published in Quebec in 1862. This was a most valuable work, and the first im- portant attempt ever made to get into book form the biographies of the princi- pal actors in the history of the country. Besides this, from the same pen are " The Place British Americans have won in His- tory," a lecture ; "The Bibliothean Cana- dians, or a Manual of Canadian Literature; " which the Westminster Review pronounced to be equal in merit to Lowndes and Watt, the leading English biographical author- ities of the day ; " The Canadian Legal Directory, a Guide to the Bench and Bar of Canada," &c. With his usual literary enterprise and quick perception of the need- ful, he, in 1862, established the " Canadian Parliamentary Companion," which most in- dispensable work he continued to pub- lish and edit up to 1876. He edited the " Speeches and Addresses of the Hon. Thomas D'Arcy McGee in favour of British American Union," issued in London at the time of the confederation movement. In 1878 he established the book for which pub- lic men and history must ever remain under the deepest obligation to him, "The Domin- ion Annual Register and Review." This con- tains a concise record of all important poli- tical, social and general topics of the year ; gives a synopsis' of the literary output; in- formation respecting the press ; the condi- tion of education and all important infor- mation upon the subject ; a list of the im- portant dead ; besides a mass of other indis- pensable facts. The government has lately given an annual grant to Mr. Morgan to aid him in the publication of this work ; and the only comment we have to make is that the sum should have been greater. Mr. Morgan has had divers honours con- ferred upon him. He is a corresponding member of the Manitoba Historical Society, of the Buffalo Historical Society, of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, of the New York Historical Society, and of the American Geographical Society. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries of Denmark, of the Statistical Society of London, and one of seven Hon- orary Fellows of the Royal Colonial Insti- tute of England. As a departmental offi- cer, Mr. Morgan is pronounced, by an emi- nent Canadian statesman, to be the best " all round man in the public service." We have to repeat what we stated at the open- ing, that to no man in Canada is the practi- cal literature of Canada under such obliga- tion as to Mr. Henry J. Morgan. Brandon, Janies, Toronto, the sub- ject of this sketch, was born in Montreal, on December 25th, 1852. His father was born in Ireland, and came to Montreal about the year 1845. Here he married, first, Jane Barry, a daughter of the Rev. John Barry, a missionary to Bermuda, who died on that island ; and whose wife and family after- wards removed to Montreal. James' mother died when he was only three years old, and his father married again, Fanny Scott, a lady from Donegal, Ireland, and removed to To- ronto in 1867, where he went into business. Our subject was educated at the High School of McGill College, Montreal, and in Toronto at the Grammar School, under Dr. Wickson. On leaving school he began as a commercial traveller for Jennings & Brandon (his father being a partner in this firm), and continued in their employment for several years, and then became a partner in the firm of Brandon & Co. He always had strong business proclivities. His father had intended him for a profession, but he had a pretty strong will of his own, and went in the direction whither his inclination led him. In 1878 he left the dry goods busi- ness, and went into insurance exclusively, representing the Phoenix, of London, Eng- land, and the London Guarantee and Acci- dent Assurance Company. He was a mem- ber of Q. O. R., No. 2 company, for two years ; and was elected for St. Patrick's Ward to the city council, in 1884, and in 1885 by the largest vote ever polled by a Toronto aiderman. He is a trustee of the GA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH Y. 113 Methodist church, and is also a member of the Ancient Order of Foresters, and is Regent of St. Stephen's Council, Royal Arcanum. When in the dry goods business he travelled as buyer in the European mar- kets, and consequently has seen a good deal of the world. He is vice-president of the Ontario Pump and Windmill Company ; and was managing director of the Trade and Commerce Mutual Fire Insurance Company in 1881. Early in life he was a Reformer, but since the adoption of the national policy, he has given loyal adherence to the party led by Sir John A. Macdonald. He mar- ried on June 6th, 1876, Miss Sara Mara, daughter of Mr. Thomas Mara, who is an old York pioneer, and was one of the first city aidermen, and served as captain of the Victoria Fire Company. He has one boy and one girl. The prominent success which is his has been achieved by unceasing indus- try, through the possession of good business insight, and not a little through the high esteem in which he has been always held by the business public. Ami, Henry ML, M.A., F.G.S., of the Geological Survey, Ottawa, was born the 23rd November, 1858, in the village of Belle- Riviere, County of Two Mountains, in the Province of Quebec, in the Ottawa Valley. His father, the Rev. Marc J. A. Ami, pas- tor of the French Presbyterian Church of Ottawa, Ont., was of Swiss parentage, and Protestant descent, and Genevan by birth. He studied in Switzerland and Eastern France with Mr. Henri Jaquet, the leading missionary spirit of his time, and then came over to Canada in 1853, as a missionary in the Lower Province. He is one of the few survivors of that terrible wreck when the Annie Jane lost upwards of three hundred of her passengers off the West Coast of Scot- land, on the 28th September of that year. Since then he has been engaged in mission- ary and ministerial work both in Quebec and Ontario. His mother was Anne Gir- amaire, of Glay (Doubs), France, also of Protestant descent and parentage, from the arrondissement of the home of the Cuviers and the cradle of Protestant- ism in France. She was related to the Mettetals, and Peugeots of that district, and came to Canada in 1854, im- bued with the missionary spirit and true Christian piety, such as from her infancy had been instilled into her by the friend and neighbour, in the person of Mr. Jaquet. She has ever since been devoted to works of benevolence and charity both in Quebec and Ontario. Young Ami's parents were, ac- cordingly, among the first Protestant mis- sionaries who came to Canada to evangelise the French ; and although they endured much persecution and troubles at first, their labours were crowned with much success. He received very early training at home, there being no Protestant schools in the district. At the age of three his parents re- moved to Joliette, where he attended the mission school ; thence private tuition, un- til the family removed to Ottawa, when his studies in English may be said to have be- gun. He then attended the Central and High schools ; then the Collegiate Institute, when, in 1877, he entered McGill College, Montreal, where he received the training and education which seemed best to fit his taste and inclinations, namely, researches in natural sciences. Here he studied under the able and distinguished Sir William Dawson, G.C.M.G., LL.D., F. R.S., F.G.S., and his love for natural science soon de- veloped. During the course at McGill Col- lege he obtained various scholarships and prizes, which enabled him to carry on his studies more successfully. Followed the honour courses in natural sciences under Drs. Dawson and Harrington, but on ac- count of ill health, the result of too much undertaking in junior years, was not open to compete for the Logan medal. Mathe- matics and natural sciences were amongst his predilections at school and the univer- sity, with a decided taste for logic and other metaphysical studies. Botany, geology, and palaeontology occupied most of his at- tention ; but he also attended lectures for a whole year in Law Faculty of McGill Col- lege, for which he felt much the better. From early childhood Mr. Ami has abstained from intoxicating liquors, and thus has been a supporter of rigid temperance principles, and he practices total abstinence for the sake of others. Fossil remains in the rocks attracted his attention at an early age, and he has since made pretty extensive collec- tions of plants in several parts of Canada, and added a few to the Canadian flora ; whilst the collections in fossils from Mon- treal and Ottawa have occupied for several years his leisure hours. On leaving the University, where he graduated, taking a first-class degree - Bachelor of Arts- scarcely a month had elapsed when he was appointed to a position on the Pal- aeontological staff of the Geological Sur- vey of Canada, shortly after the re- moval of the museum from Montreal to Ottawa. Such a position was in keeping with his early and present tastes, as also 114 A CYCLOPEDIA OF with the good will and pleasure of his friends at the University and at Ottawa. For a number of years it was his intention and purpose to study for the ministry, and he had an earnest desire to go into the work ; but his health and partial weakness of his eye-sight, as also his own conscious unfitted- ness for the work ; as also the interesting and profitable claims of science caused him, almost unawares, to be insensibly led into the latter pursuit. He has been on the palseontological staff of the survey since J une, 1882, and is at present holding the post of As- sistant Palaeontologist. He is now engaged in determination, identification, classifica- tion and study of the fossil remains of Can- ada, in connection with the museum and geological Survey at Ottawa. The natural history resources of Ottawa and vicinity, the work in connection with the Field Natural- ists' Club, and especially in contact with and the help of Mr. Fletcher, whose ac- quaintance he first made in 1878, have all been incentives to work-not to mention the removal of the National Museum from Mon- treal to Ottawa, and meeting such men as Dr. Selwyn, Mr. Whiteaves, Prof. Macoun, etc. His first paper on geology was read at Ottawa before the O.F.N.C., in the fall of 1881, whilst the winter of 1881-'82 saw his first pamphlet or work on " The Utica Form- ation in Canada," which was read before the Natural History Society of Montreal, and also before O. F. N. C. at Ottawa. Then followed "Notes on Triarthrus spinosus, Billings," and various reports on strati- graphy and palaeontology of Ottawa and vicinity, and a catalogue of fossils from the district about Ottawa. Then, in the winter and spring of 1884-'85, he wrote a thesis for the senate of McGill University, for which was granted the master's degree in Arts. The subject dealt with the " Utica Formation in Canada," bringing the subject up to date. The degree of M. A. was con- ferred on him by Sir William Dawson, in May, 1885. He has been for four years a member of "A" Company Governor-Gen- eral's Foot Guards. Since June, 1883, he has been a permanent civil service officer, in the Department of the Interior, Geolog- ical Survey branch. He is and has been a member of the council of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club for several years, since 1881; and joined the O. F. N. C. from the year of its organization, 1879. Dunkin, Hon. Christopher, was born on the 24th of September, 1811, and was educated at the Universities of Lon- don and Glasgow. He emigrated in early life to America, and was a teacher of Greek in Harvard University. He removed to Canada some time before the rebellion, and edited the Morning Chronicle, of Mon- treal, from May, 1837, till the following summer. He was appointed secretary to Lord Durham's Education Commission, and was also appointed to the Post Office Com- mission. On the consummation of the union of 1841, he was appointed assistant secretary for Lower Canada, and this posi- tion he retained till May, 1847. He studied law, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1846. In 1844 he stood for the County of Drummond, but was defeated by Mr. R. N. Watts. In 1857, however, he was elected for Drummond and Arthabaska. This constituency he represented until 1861, when he was defeated. He was the follow- ing year elected for Brome, which constitu- ency he continued to represent till the date of Confederation, when he was again elected for it by acclamation. Mr. Dunkin was reared a conservative, and showed his sym- pathy with that party through his entire career ; but he was always independent of trammel, and voted according to his conviction. In 1867 he became provincial Treasurer of Quebec, and in 1869 entered the Dominion Cabinet as Minister of Agri- culture and Statistics, This office he held till 1871, when he became Puisne Judge of the Superior Court of Quebec. He died at Montreal on January 6th, 1880. He mar- ried Miss Mary Barber, a daughter of the late Dr. Jonathan Barber, of Montreal. He was president of the Shakespeare Club of Montreal; a member of the Council of Public Instruction from 1856 to 1859 ; he was lieutenant-colonel of the Montreal Light Infantry ; and from 1866 to 1872 he was lieutenant-colonel of the 52nd (Bed- ford) Battalion of VI. He was the means of the creation of much important legisla- tion, and the measure with which he was most concerned bears his name, and is known as the Dunkin Temperance Act of 1864. Cook, Hermon II.-The history of successful and upright business men in Can- ada has few, if any, names more prominent than that of Hermon H. Cook. Mr. Cook comes of that good old stock that sacrificed their possessions to the loyalty they felt for their sovereign. His grandfather, Mr. George Cook, at the time of the Revolution- ary war, left the Mohawk valley, New York, where he had acquired a valuable property, and settled in Dundas county, Canada. John Cook, a son of George and an uncle of CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH Y. 115 our subject, is well remembered in the older annals of the country, as a staunch and worthy representative of Dundas county, for many years, in the old parliament of Canada ; his name standing boldly out among the band of men, who though loyal to the heart's core to the British Crown, re- sisted with unflinching front the domination of the Family Compact, and acts of irrespon- sible officials of unrepresentative govern- ment. The father of Mr. Hermon H. Cook was George Cook, the younger brother of John just described, and owing to the law of primogeniture, in force at the time, was left without fortune upon the decease of his father who died intestate. But he soon carved out a competence for himself ; occu- pied various positions of trust in the public service ; was a captain of militia, serving in the war of 1812, and receiving from the Queen a gold medal in recognition of his services. The mother of Hermon was Sarah Castleman, a lady of German descent, whose father was Tinus Castleman, a prominent and well-known inhabitant of Dundas county. George Cook had five sons, the youngest of whom was Hermon H., born in Dundas on April 26, 1837. These sons made their mark in the commercial and public life of the country. James William, who died in 1875, was the worthy representative of Dun- das in parliament from 1857 to 1861; he was the senior member of the extensive and widely known firm of Cook Brothers, the other members of which were George J. and John L. Simon S. was a representative for Dundas in the provincial parliament for eight years, subsequent to Confederation ; after which he removed to Morrisburg, On- tario, where he established an extensive lumber business. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Iroquois Grammar School in Dundas, and in 1858 began the lumber business in the County of Simcoe. When the construction of the Midland Rail- way to Georgian Bay was proposed, with a clear insight into the future of the lumber trade, Mr. Cook bought extensive timber- tracts on the region near the terminus, and erected there the largest saw-mill in the Dominion. His predictions were verified ; and he succeeded not alone in creating for himself a handsome fortune, but in being largely instrumental in building Midland city, by the extensiveness of the employ- ment to labour afforded by his enterprises ; and those who have watched Mr. Cook's career say that, while his own interests are cared for by a quick, clear head, and unceas- ing attention, the comfort of those depen- dent upon him, and the well being of all in his employ, are with him deep and always- remembered considerations. The Midland mill, which has a sawing capacity of 25,000,- 000 ft. in the year, was burnt in 1877, but it was promptly replaced again, and the great business went on with undiminished activity and success. It is men like Mr. Cook, mas- ters of commercial science, who make valu- able parliamentarians ; and so in 1872 our subject was induced to enter the field for the representation in the House of Com- mons of North Simcoe, and defeated the Con- servative candidate, Mr. McCarthy. In 1874 he was again elected ; was unseated by peti- tion, but returned again by a majority of 72 votes. In the general election of 1878 he was unsuccessful, Mr. McCarthy, his old opponent, defeating him by 49 votes. But he was elected for the local legislature of the Province of Ontario in 1879, and sat for three years, then resigning, was elected for House of Commons for East Simcoe, at the general election of 1882, which seat he still holds. In the House of Commons Mr. Cook is one of the most valuable members assem- bled there. His judgment is always sound, his insight quick, and nearly always accu- rate ; and he has been instrumental in pro- ducing a number of acts of valuable legisla- tion. He is a clear, terse, and vigorous speaker, and those who have heard him, friend and opponent alike, admit that he always appeals to men's reason, never to their prejudice. He is in religion of the Methodist church ; and he married in 1861, Lydia, a daughter of Mr. James White, of the County of Simcoe. By this lady he has two daughters. Freeman, Dr. Clarkson, of Milton, the worthy subject of this biographical sketch, was born in the township of Tra- falgar, County of Halton, in 1827. His father, Isaac Freeman, was born in Elizabeth- town, New York, in 1794, and removed with his parents to Canada in 1800. In 1812, when American arms began to gleam upon our borders, Mr. Isaac Freeman, then only a lad in his eighteenth year, promptly ranged himself among the defenders of his country, serving through the entire wrar. After the side on which he had fought had seen vic- tory upon its banners, he married, in 1817, Miss Hannah Kelly, and settled in the town- ship of Trafalgar. Always a true lover of liberty, and hater of tyranny, he saw with manly resentment the oppressions of the Family Compact ; so in 1837, when the grievous discontent of the people flamed forth in rebellion, he was one of those who 116 A CYCLOPEDIA OF assisted in the pursuit of William Lyon Mac- kenzie, who had had a price set upon his head and was fleeing from the country. This sturdy, zealous man, had a family of thirteen sons and two daughters. Mr. Clarkson Freeman, whom we have chosen as the subject of this sketch, is the sixth son, and received a common school educa- tion, and afterwards higher in extent and sufficient to equip him for important under- takings. This education, however, like that of so many other men, whose history is written in the creditable work of their hands, was obtained under great difficulties. He was obliged to work on his farm, and it is related that when pursuing his studies he would guide his team with one hand, and read from a book in the other. Having attended the common school for about a year, he entered the Grammar School at Palermo, County Halton, then taught by Mr. Andrew Hall. After remaining in this institution, for a year, he was enabled to take the teachership in the village of Boyne. He subsequently pursued his stu- dies in the City of Toronto, but his eyes became affected from a too close applica- tion of study, and it became necessary to perform an operation upon them to remove a grotte that was forming. After a short respite from study, and during which time he had fully recovered from the effect of the opera- tion, he determined to take up the profes- sion of medicine, and began his studies under Dr. Rolph, of Toronto, continuing the same in the University, from which in- stitution he graduated in 1853. He at once began to practice his profession of doctor in the village of Lowville, in the County of Halton, afterwards removing o Cummings- ville. In the year 1854 he married Miss Elizabeth Martha, eldest daughter of the late James Cobban, M.D., of Milton. Mil- ton, however, offered the greater attractions to the brilliant young practitioner, so in October, 1854, he removed thither from Cummingsville, where he practised with his father-in-law, Dr. Cobban, till the latter's death. Dr. Cobban, it may be stated, was one of the most noted and skilful practi- tioners in the County of Halton. In 1860, owing to ill-heath, he was advised to visit the old country, and the result was a com- plete restoration of his prostrated energies, and the acquisition of a larger and valuable store of professional knowledge. The latter was the result of careful observations during his visits to all the great hospitals of Eng- land, Ireland, Scotland and France. Dur- ng the late American war, Dr. Freeman offered himself as a volunteer surgeon, and was accepted and attached to the 2nd Division of the 6th Corps of General Grant's army of the Potomac. He passed through the most notable battles of the last spring campaign. Among these engage- ments were the celebrated nine days battle before the taking of Petersburg and Rich- mond, and the subsequent bitter struggle before the surrender of General Lee. When the war was over he returned again to Can- ada, and his townfolk, unwilling that such brilliant talents as he possessed should not be in some way turned to the public benefit of the town, chose him for mayor of Milton, and re-elected him again by acclamation in 1871 and 1872. In religion he is a member, in very high standing, of the Methodist Church, and in politics he is a staunch and highly-regarded Conservative. He is a Free- mason, and a member of a number of benev- olent associations. Although his hair is now nearly white, he is still full of energy, and there is doubtless yet for him a long period of usefulness. In manners he is in the most thorough sense gentlemanly, and exceedingly courteous and kind. He is, as he deserves to be, one whom his fellow townsmen would delight to honour and to see honoured. While Dr. Freeman was mayor, 1870, 1871, of Milton, he was one of the first of the promoters of the Credit Valley Railway in obtaining bonuses, and owing to his zeal and earnestness in having this road carried through, he nearly under- mined his health, but still kept ahead of him the interest of the town. O'Kourkc, Thomas Alfred, was born on August 20th, 1853, at Trenton, in the County of Hastings. His father was Hugh O'Rourke, and his mother was Mary, nee Fenelon, both of County Carlow, Ire- land. Mr. O'Rourke, senr., settled in Trenton in 1844, and for years carried on the grain business. He amassed consider- able property, and occupied the position of town councillor for several years. Thomas Alfred received his early education in the separate school at Tienton ; he was then sent to St. Michael's College, Toronto, and finished his education at Toronto Univer- sity in 1878, taking the degree of B.A. He is now proceeding to the degree of LL.B. During his course in the University he took honours in modern languages, natural sciences and classics. From an early age he had a strong predilection towards the study of law, and on leaving college began its study, and after being admitted to the bar, he began practice in Trenton, where he has CA NADI AN BIO GRA PHY. 117 remained ever since, and now carries on a prosperous business. Mr. O'Rourke has, so far, confined himself to his professional duties, but he has travelled through the States and Canada, always observing with a keen eye. In religion he is a Roman Catholic, and in politics a Reformer. He married, on April 24th, 1882, Miss Mary Jessie Keith, daughter of Mr. I). S. Keith, of Toronto. Our subject is, doubtless, a man who will, when the proper time arrives, make his mark. He is quick, energetic, and intelligent ; one of those who, with the op- portunity offered to him, cannot be kept back. Macfadden, James, Stratford, Clerk of the County Court, Local Registrar of the High Court of Justice and Registrar of the Surrogate Court in and for the County of Perth, was born on the 25th day of April, 1821, in what is now the township of Nis- souri, in the County of Middlesex, about six miles from London. His father's name was James Macfadden, and his mother's maiden name was Reid. His father was in the army in the old country, and was engaged in several battles for which he held a medal. He obtained his discharge from the army in 1817, but he took part in the rebellion of 1837 as captain. His son, our subject, also served during that rebellion under his father. James Macfadden was educated at London, Ontario, and received a common English education. At an early age he be- gan to show interest in educational and other public affairs, and has held the office of school trustee and was councillor in St. Mary's for the years 1863 and 1864. He has been much interested in Freemasonry, and is connected with a Masonic lodge, the Stratford Lodge, 332, and is past master of St. James' Lodge, St. Mary's. From 1838 to 1850 Mr. Macfadden resided in the States, when he returned to London, where he at once began the study of law. He passed the solicitors' examination in 1854, and removed to St. Mary's to practise law there in 1855. Here he remained for eleven years, and in June, 1866, he moved to Stratford, where he has lived ever since. Mr. Macfadden does not entertain any very strong religious views, but he is at present an adherent of Knox (Presbyterian) Church. He married on 19th January, 1860, Katherine A. Mc- Lean, daughter of William McLean, now a resident of Sarnia, but at the date of our subject's marriage he resided in St. Mary's, where he was married. By this union there are seven children, four daughters and three sons, all of whom are living. Dewar, John, of Milton, Ontario, the subject of this sketch, was born in Aber- feldy, Perthshire, Scotland, on the 22nd of August, 1829. His father was Mr. John Dewar, who married, in 1828, Emily Knight, and by this lady he had nine children. In 1830, being then just two years married, he sailed for Canada, and on his arrival settled in the township of Esquesing, County of Halton, where he devoted himself to farm- ing. When the father left for Canada, the subject of our sketch was just nine months old. He was sent at an early age to school, continuing his studies till his fifteenth year, when he began to teach school. A year later he entered the Grammar School in Palermo, in the County of Halton, and spent four years in teaching, and then he repaired to the United States, and entered Franklin College, in Ohio. He returned to Canada in 1852, and began a study of the law in the respective offices of S. M. Jarvis, John McNab, and Morrison & Lees, concluding under the legal tutorship of the late Angus Morrison. In 1858 he went to Milton, and began to practice as an attor- ney. A year later he was admitted barris- ter ; and in August, 1868, upon the death of Gilbert Tice Bastedo, was appointed Crown Attorney and Clerk of the Peace. Most brilliant and successful had his career been all along, and his achievement was all the result of a quick, keenly-discerning mind, and a tireless energy and application. He has been superintendent of public schools ; was several times school trustee, and at the time of writing this sketch is chairman of the school board. He is also, and has for many years been, president of the Mechanics' Institute in the town of his adoption. Mr. Dewar is a gentleman whose exceedingly brilliant natural parts have not alone been improved by an excellent edu- cation, but by the advantages of travel. In 1870 he left on a visit to the old country, travelling through the most interesting parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland ; thence he passed over to France, an exten- sive tour of which he made, returning again to Canada. He likewise visited the princi- pal cities of the United States. There is no part of human experience more valuable than travel among the different conditions of men, to those who have the seeing eye and the receptive mind, and it is not at all to be wondered at that Mr. Dewar returned with his mind enriched, and with his eyes opened to the conditions of men, and the conduct of affairs, to a degree that renders him a valuable acquisition to the commun- 118 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ity. In religion he is a staunch Presbyter- ian, but not a bigot, for he yields to every man the right to worship God in the way that he thinks best. In politics he is a Reformer, and has always lent his voice and his hand to those whom he believed were promoting the cause of good govern- ment. Up to the time of his appointment as county crown attorney he was secretary to the Reform Association of the County of Halton. He was married in October, 1874, to Miss Jane W. Somerville, a daughter of Mr. Robert B. Somerville, late M. P. for Huntington, Province of Quebec, and at one time a manager of a branch of the Standard Bank of Canada. Mr. Dewar was a member for some time of the town and county council, and retained this position till receiving his crown appointment, when he resigned. His father died in 1879, be- loved and lamented by all who had known him so long as a worthy citizen. But the qualities of the father are exhibited well in the son, to whose career many a young man would do well to look up as a guide and in- centive to his justifiable ambition. Tickell, George Skinner, Furni- ture Manufacturer, Belleville, Ontario, was born in Bristol, England, and chronicled in the old family Bible at 7 a.m. Sunday, 12th April, 1829 ; baptized in St. Augustine Church, Bristol, 10th May, 1829, only sur- viving son of John Skinner Tickell and Eliza Tully Tickell. The father was a native of Devon, England, and the mother, of Bristol, England-the father being of Cornish and the mother of Welsh origin, the subject of our sketch being, therefore, in all probability, of ancient British stock. The family having removed from Bristol to Whitchurch,near Tavistock,Devon,the early life and school days of our subject were spent in Tavistock and Torquay ; and at the age of fourteen years he was duly ap- prenticed for the term of seven years to learn the trade of cabinetmaker, in Tavis- tock. This term having been faithfully served, he engaged in business, and with few intermissions continued up to the pre- sent time. In the year 1857 he was mar- ried to Hannah Beeltam, a native of Chel- tenham, England, and he shortly after- wards emigrated to Canada, and in the spring of 1858 settled in Belleville, where he has since resided, and carries on the manufacture of furniture. He has four sons and one daughter living. Mr. Tickell's first religious views or ideas were formed with the Congregational body, in England ; but coming to Canada any Calvinistic doctrines he may have held were dispersed, believing, as he said to the writer, in free grace for every repentant sinner ; hence his connection with the Methodist Church. In politics Mr. Tickell is a Reformer, but liberal in the true sense, as he holds that every one has a perfect right to his own opinions. During the national policy agitation, Mr. Tickell gave his support to Sir John A. Macdonald, in the belief, as he informed us, that the change would be beneficial and tend to build up our industries. Mr. Tickell is an Oddfellow, being a member of Mizpah Lodge, and has passed through the several chairs, and acted in the capacity of N. G. for some time. He is also a Freemason, and a member of Eureka Lodge, in Belleville. Mr. Tickell is one of the aidermen of the city, and has represented " Ketcheson," the commercial ward of the city, for a period of four years. He has filled other important posi- tions, having been at one time president of the St. George's Society, and is now vice- president of the Board of Trade, and vice- president of the Mechanics' Institute. Mr. Tickell has travelled considerably on this continent in connection with his business, visiting the large centres, viz., New York, Boston, and Chicago, in order to gather in- formation regarding his business. He has only once visited his native land (in 1883), twenty-five years after leaving it. Though now well up in years, he still carries on the business, and as helps has his two eldest sons with him. He has been a successful man, and has the largest and oldest busi- ness in his line in Belleville, and does a wholesale trade throughout Canada. Lynch, Hon. William Warren, M. P.P., B.C.L., Q.C., D.C.L., was born near the village of Bedford, County of Mis- sisquoi, Province of Quebec, on the 30th September, 1845. His father, Thomas Lynch, came from the County of Cavan, Ireland, about the year 1830. He served during the Canadian rebellion in the Shef- ford Troop of Cavalry, and died at Knowl- ton, Brome county, on the 19th March, 1883. His mother, Charlotte R. Williams, was born at Stukely, County of 8 hefford, Pro- vince of Quebec, in the year 1805. Her par- ents were descendants of U.E. Loyalists,who came from the State of Vermont at the close of the American revolutionary war. She is still alive. Mr. Lynch, after taking advan- tage of the elementary schools in the vicinity of his birthplace, went to Stanbridge Academy in 1858, then a most flourishing institution under the direction of Hobart CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 119 Butler, M.A., where he prepared himself for a university course. During his last year at Stanbridge he acted as assistant teacher to Mr. Butler, and then entered the University of Vermont, Burlington, in August, 1861, but owing to the civil war which had shortly before broken out, the university course was considerably affected, and Mr. Lynch did not continue his studies there. In September, 1862, he entered the Arts Course of McGill University, Mon- treal, having secured one of the scholarships offered at a competitive examination. His health failing, he was obliged to abandon his studies before the Christmas examina- tions. He then engaged in school teaching in winter, and woiked on his father's farm in summer. In 1865 he was admitted to the study of the law, and pursued his studies in the office, first of S. W. Foster, of Knowl- ton, and afterwards of John Monk, of Montreal. He took his degree of B.C.L. at McGill in May, 1868, and secured the Eliza- beth Torrance gold medal, and was admitted to practice in June. The following year he commenced the practice of his profession at Knowlton, and subsequently removed to Sweetsburg, the chef lieu of Bedford Dis- trict. In the fall of 1870 he assumed the editorial control of the Observer, which was started at Cowansville, an adjoining village, and which has since become an influential organ of public opinion in the district. In June, 1871, during the provincial elections, which were then in progress, he went to Knowlton to report for his paper the pro- ceedings of nomination day. There were then two candidates in the field, and unex- pectedly to Mr. Lynch, and without his in- terference, both candidates withdrew, and he was declared member elect for the County of Brome. During the Fenian troubles of 1865 Mr. Lynch took an active part in the formation of a company of volunteers at Brome, of which he became lieutenant and remained such until his resignation in 1871. During the Fenian raid of 1870 he was at the front with his battalion. In keeping with the promise made to his electors, he be- came a resident of the County of Brome, returning to Knowlton in the fall of 1871. He has held successively the offices of school commissioner and chairman of that body for a number of years ; and was also the mayor of the township of Brome, and war- den of the county. In May, 1874, he mar- ried Ellen Florence, eldest daughter of J. C. Pettes, a successful merchant of Knowl- ton, by whom he has two children. He is a member of the masonic fraternity, and was some years since deputy grand master for the district of Bedford. Mr. Lynch early in life identified himself with the Con- servative party, to which he has ever borne faithful allegiance. He took an active part in the political discussions in the Legisla- ture of Quebec on the subject of the dismis- sal of the De Boucherville government, by M. Letellier, and it was upon a motion made by him that the Joly government were de- feated on the 30th October, 1879. He was made a Q. C. by the Joly government in 1879, which was subsequently ratified by a similar title conferred upon him by the Federal authorities in 1881. When M. Chapleau assumed office as premier of the province, he invited Mr. Lynch to the coun- cil as Solicitor-General, which appointment was subsequently ratified by the electorate of Brome. On the abolition of the office of Solicitor-General, Mr. Lynch was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands, on the 31st July, 1882, which office he still holds. He has been a member of the successive gov- ernments of the Province of Quebec since the defeat of the Joly administration. Mr. Lynch has always taken a lively and earnest interest in all matters pertaining to educa- tion, and has twice held the presidency of the Provincial Association of Protestant Teachers. In June, 1883, the University of Bishops College, Lennoxville, conferred upon him the honorary degree of D. C. L. He is a member of the Church of England, and has been a delegate from the Knowlton congregation to the Diocesan Synod for the past twenty years, during which time he has frequently been chosen a delegate to the Provincial Synod, as well as a member of the Executive Committee of the Diocese of Montreal. Wilson, William, M.D., Ottawa, Ad- vocate and Barrister, was born at Chambly Canton, in Lower Canada, on the 22nd November, 1835. He is the eighteenth in descent, by a younger branch of the family, from Adam Wilson to whom a grant of land was made near Bromhead, England, in the 37th year of Edward the First for services in the Scottish wars. Dr. Wilson's father, whose name was the same as our subject's, was a man of varied and extensive acquire- ments. He spoke and wrote several modern languages, and was an excellent classical scholar. He was sent out at an early age to Hayti, at the instance of Wilberforce and Clarkson, as tutor to the son of Henry Christophe, king of Hayti, but a revolution soon terminated his engagement. Return- ing to England, he studied surgery, and 120 A CYCLOPEDIA OF married the eldest daughter of Francis Bayley, of Passmoors House, in Essex. His frequent conversations with his son on the subject of his eventful life, during which he imparted to the latter much information, which is rarely acquired in the ordinary course of education, greatly influenced the after life of the subject of this sketch, and fitted him for the course of life he was destined to adopt. Dr. Wilson was educated at a classical school kept by the Rev. Joseph Braithwaite, at Chambly, in its day one of the most prominent Canadian educational establishments. So carefully was instruction imparted that before he had attained his fourteenth year, Dr. Wilson passed the ex- amination for admission to the study of medicine. Entering the University of McGill College, Montreal, he took the de- gree of doctor of medicine, in due course, at the age of twenty-one. But his tenden- cies did not lie in the direction of that pro- fession, and he shortly after commenced the study of law, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1865. Previously to that date he had been employed as a translator to the House of Assembly, and has con- tinued in the public service ever since. In 1871 Dr. Wilson was appointed assistant law clerk to the House of Commons of Can- ada, and has discharged the duties of that important office ever since. This office calls for not only a fair knowledge of common law and the statutes of Canada, but also a familiarity with those of each of the provin- ces composing the dominion ; and in addi- tion to this a thorough knowledge of both the English and the French languages. Dr. Wilson holds the rank of surgeon in the volunteer force, to which he was appointed in 1860. Upon the disbanding of the Civil Service Rifle regiment, he retired retaining his rank. In 1883 he was appointed one of the commissioners to revise and consolidate all the statute law within the province of the Dominion Parliament, and took a prominent part in that very important work which has been most favourably commented on by em- inent jurists. He has achieved a reputation in connection with the branch of the profes- sion to which he has more especially devoted his attention, which has caused his name to be known throughout Canada. He is at pre- sent chairman of the Board of Management of the Civil Service Mutual Benefit Society. He took part in municipal matters for sev- eral years, as councillor of the village of New Edinburgh, and during the years of his service as such, he assisted greatly in forwarding several enterprises of vast advan- tage to the municipality. In this connection he more especially prides himself on a thorough system of drainage, in favour of which he strove, and at length successfully for years. He ultimately retired in conse- quence of an excess of official duty calling for all his time. He is a member of the Church of England, a representative in both the diocesan and provincial Synods of that Church, and has repeatedly served as churchwarden. Dr. Wilson married in 1862, Frances, eldest daughter of the late Colonel Charles MacDonnell, formerly of the Connaught Rangers, and great grand- daughter of Sir William Johnson, whose connection with the establishment of British supremacy on the North American continent is too well known to be dilated upon here. In conclusion, he may be described as a man, with whom duty has ever been the foremost thought, and one whose pride it is to be found, in season and out of season, at his post and ready. Guy, James Odgers, Oshawa, was born in Cornwall, England, on February 21st, 1828. His father was Thomas Guy, and the maiden name of his mother was Marjory Odgers ; they both came of old Cornwall families. They arrived in this country in 1842, and took up a farm a little north of Oshawa, where they remained till they died. Our subject gained most of his education in England, at a village school. It may be mentioned that the Guys are a long-lived, race. The father died at 84 and the mother at 82 years of age. Our subject was engaged in farming till he was twenty years of age, and then he became a clerk at the Oshawa Harbour, and after three years, he was found capable of taking charge of the busi- ness, which he accordingly did. About the year 1865 he commenced business as a coal merchant, and has been very successful ever since. In 1882 he and his son, a smart young man, added to the coal, a grain and wholesale produce business, under the style of Jas. O. Guy & Son. For thirteen years our subject was a member of the county council ; was for eleven years reeve ; and prior to that he was two years deputy-reeve, and in 1872 he was warden of the county. He has travelled extensively through the United States and Canada. Mr. Guy is a Methodist, and always has been a Reformer, and doesnot believe that the national policy has any salutary influence, indeed he re- gards it as a piece of unwise, stupid and retrograde legislation. He married in Janu- ary, 1852, Rachael Luke, of East Whitby. This lady comes of old stock, her people CANARIAN BIOGRAPHY. 121 having settled in Canada in 1834. By this estimable lady he has a family of seven children, five of whom are living. Mr. Guy is very affable, and is one of the most popular, respected and worthy men in Oshawa. Ghent, Samson Howell, Clerk of the County Court of the County of Went- worth, was born in 1834, near Burlington, in the County of Halton. His parents, David Ghent and Mary G. Ghent were both Canadians. The latter is still living, but the former has been dead a few years. At the time of his death he was the oldest resident in the township of Nelson. David Ghent was an old Reformer, and a strong friend of Mr. Lyon McKenzie. He secret- ed that gentleman, when escaping from the country, in a pea-stack on his farm. It was in winter, and McKenzie was kept alive by food carried to him by Mr. Ghent, who used to pretend that he was going to the stack to feed the cattle. The authorities had traced the refugee as far as this farm, and were convinced that he was concealed somewhere upon it. After an ineffectual search in every conceivable place, the mat- ter was given up, and Mackenzie went again on his stealthy journey. Mr. S. H. Ghent remembers the presence of the red coats, though only a child then, and the terror of the family in the trying situation. At an early period, young Ghent manifested talent for drawing and painting. His father, wishing to encourage the same, sent him, in 1847, to New York and Philadel- phia, to study in the Academy of Design in these cities. He remained at these in- stitutions for nearly two years, and made considerable progress in the fine arts ; but, finding little encouragement in Canada for art at that time, he discontinued his studies. In other respects his education was obtained at Regan's Academy, and afterwards under the tutorship of Rev. Mr Lorimer, of Toronto. He was subsequently a student of law for two years in the LL.B, course, University of Toronto. In 1855 he was articled as law student to the firm of Free- man, Craigie & Proudfoot, Hamilton, with whom he continued to the end of the term, when he was admitted a solicitor, and open- ed an office in Hamilton. He practised his profession for two years, when he was appointed clerk of the County Court of the County of Wentworth. This was in the year 1863. In 1875, on the death of George Rolph, registrar of the Surrogate Court, he succeeded to that office. He performed the duties of the former office for twenty- two years. Before his appointment he was active in politics. When the first election for legislative councillors was held in the Wentworth Division, he went over the North Riding of the county, and obtained the signatures of leading reformers to a requisition to Dr. Smith to allow himself to be nominated, which he did, and Dr. Smith was afterwards elected He possesses some originality, and is the author of several productions in verse. Among them, a song on the game of bowles, which begins as follows : Cricket, Ball, Lacrosse and Curling, All are manly games you say. Grand they are, but not so whirling As the game of Bowles I play. Also a song on Burlington Beach, commenc- ing in this way : When down at the Beach, the first season I spent, I thought it a strange looking place of content, All bounded by water on every side- Such a small strip of land on which to reside. We take also the following from a philospher, as his friends often speak of him : " O, man ! with all your failings you are Without your fellow man you could not rest; The noblest principle in the mind of man Is always to be happy-when you can ; And nobler still that principle is shown When happiness is not enjoyed alone." Mr. Ghent was a school trustee for the Collegiate Institute and public schools of Hamilton for thirteen years, and during that time assisted in building most of the handsome structures in that city devoted to the purpose of education. In 1861 he mar- ried Ruth Annie Lovejoy, the accomplished daughter of the late John Lovejoy, of Brantford, proprietor of the Hamilton and Brantford Road Company. They have a large family, one of whom Miss Lillie, has great musical talent, being able to name any note on the piano by sound. Mr. Ghent's mother was the daugher of the late Samson Howell, one of the earliest settlers of the County of Halton. Our subject belongs to the Church of England, and is a Reformer in politics. He is of a strong poetic turn, and many of his verses have given pleasure to the reader of local journals. Laurier, Honourable Wilfred, B.C. L., A.C., P.C., M. P., for Quebec East, and leader of the Rouge or French-Cana- dian section of the Liberal party of the Do- minion, was born at St. Lin, L'Assomption, in the Province of Quebec, on the 24th of November, 1841. He comes of a very old and distinguished family, and his ancestors 122 A CYCLOPEDIA OF were among the first families that estab- lished themselves in La Nouvelle France. He was educated at the College of L'Assomp- tion, and having finished his literary studies he was entered for the study of the law in the office of the Honourable R. Laflamme. Here he devoted himself diligently to the study of his chosen calling, and in due time he was called to the bar of Lower Canada. This was in the year 1865 ; but the year previous he had taken, at McGill Univer- sity, the degree of B.C.L. In October, 1880, he was appointed Q.C. Mr. Laurier always, from a very early age, took a deep interest in public questions, and was resolv- ed, when the first opportunity offered, to seek a position in the legislature. For a period, also, he gave his attention to liter- ature and journalism, and he edited for some time Le Defricheur newspaper. He was an earnest advocate of temperance, and was a delegate to the Dominion Prohibitory Convention, held in Montreal, in 1875. At the general election of 1871 his ambition to get into public life was realized, he being that year elected to the legislative assembly of the Province of Quebec for Drummond and Arthabaska. He remained in the local assembly till January, 1874, when he re- signed in order to contest the same seat for the Commons. In the provincial parlia- ment his record had been excellent. He was known to be a sincere, upright, able and well-informed public man, and had proven himself a genuine Liberal in the truest and best sense of the word • so when he came to ask his constituents to send him to the wider sphere of usefulness they did not refuse him. At once, on taking his seat in the House of Commons, his brilliant abilities and his high character were at once acknowledged. Sir John, through his Pacific Railway transaction, had been relegated to the opposition benches, and Mr. Mackenzie had been called upon to form an adminis- tration. Mr. Laurier was invited by the new premier to enter the Cabinet, and was given the portfolio of Inland Revenue. This office he held for a year, when the govern- ment resigned. Returning to Drummond and Arthabaska, he was defeated, but the member for Quebec East, the Hon. I. Ihibaudeau, resigned, and Mr. Laurier was elected for that seat. He has represented Quebec east since. On the 13th of May, 1868, he married Miss Lafontaine. Mr. Laurier is one of the most moderate and judicial members of the House of Commons. As a speaker, he always appears as if he regarded some responsibility as attaching to every word he utters. He is calm and reasonable, and always receives respect and attention when he rises, and has always, on such occasions, something to say. He speaks with a very pure French accent, and is a very effective speaker. Pearson, Mr. Edwin Pritchard, Toronto, the subject whom we have chosen for this sketch, was born on the 23rd of July, 1845, at Dublin, Ireland. His parents are still both living in Toronto, and his father was at one time engaged in the dry-goods business. Mr. Pearson was educated at Up- per Canada College, where he exhibited much mental alertness. After leaving college he entered the dry-goods business, thus em- ploying himself for about seven years ; but such an occupation was not congenial to his tastes ; it was too slow ; and it left no great room for his ambition, therefore, he began to look about him for some employ- ment or occupation more to his taste. In a little while, thereafter, we see him engaged in an insurance business, and concerned with brokerage. Mr. Pearson's life has not been by any meansuneventful. During the Fort Erie disturbances or the Ridgeway combat, as it is known, he served in the merchants' company of volunteers, now known as No. 5 of the Queen's Own, and h also served during the St. Alban's raids. He always exhibited much ardour in military matters, and served regularly at the military school, and he now holds a first-class certifi- cate from Major-General Napier, and this entitles him to a captain's commission, should he be called upon to act. His zeal has, however, not been confined to the mili- tary channel. He is an ardent lover and patron of sports, taking especial interest in lacrosse, our national game. But to patriot- ism and sports alone Mr. Pearson has not confined his zeal, for he has always taken an active part in municipal matters, and, in fact, in all questions with which the welfare of the public are concerned. As an instance of how his services were appreciated in the cause of education, it may be stated that he held the office of school trustee for seven years. With benevolent and other associa- tions he has likewise been prominently con- nected. He is also a member of the Board of of Underwriters, and of the Board of Trade, a mason of the Doric Lodge, and an Odd- fellow. He has ripened and enlarged his experience by extensive travel through Great Britain, where none of the lessons to be learned by a man who keeps eyes and ears open, were lost upon him. In religion he is a member of the Church of England, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 123 and has high standing in that communion. In politics he supports the administration of Sir John A. Macdonald, believing that the political course of the Conservative party is best for the country's welfare. He was married on the 25th of April, 1871, to Miss Jennie Lake, of Kingston. Miss Lake was the daughter of one of those sturdy men who grappled with fortune, overcame, and eventually saw his exertions crowned with liberal success. Our subject came to Canada when he was in his fourth year. Mr. Pear- son represents the Northern Fire Insurance Company, in Toronto, and is a member of the firm of Pearson Brothers, brokers, etc. Bowlby, Ward Hamilton, M.A, LL.B., County Crown Attorney and Clerk of the Peace for the County of Waterloo, Berlin, Ont., was born in the Township of Townsend, in the County of Norfolk, Onta- rio, Canada, on October 4th, 1834. His father was the late Adam Bowlby, of Town- send, an extensive farmer and speculator in farm lands, who owned large tracts of land in Norfolk and adjoining counties, acquired considerable wealth, and. died, at the ad- vanced age of 91 years, on the 26th Febru- ary, 1883. His grandfather, Richard Bowl- by, during the American Revolutionary War, was a resident of the then Province of New Jersey, and being firm in his allegiance to the British Crown, became a U. E. Loyalist, left the United States, and settled in Anna- polis county, Nova Scotia, where Adam Bowlby was born in 1792. Adam Bowlby served, whde a mere lad, in the war of 1812, having been placed in command of a com- pany of coast guardsmen to prevent the landing of piivateers on the shores of the Bay of Fundy, and for this service he was in receipt of a pension from the Canadian Government, up to the day of his death, as one of the veterans of the war of 1812. The Bowlbys are an old English family, but as the ancestors of the subject of this sketch settled in the British provinces of America at such an early period, this branch of that family may be now properly called the colo- nial branch of the family, and are descended from good U. E. Loyalist stock. Thomas William Bowlby, an English barrister and an eminent war correspondent, who, in the capacity of correspondent of the London Times, accompanied Lord Elgin as ambassa- dor to China in 1859, and was there treach- erously killed by the Chinese, and to whose family the Chinese government were com- pelled to pay a large indemnity, was a dis- tant relative of this branch of the same family. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Elizabeth Sovereign, daughter of the late Leonard Sovereign, of Waterford, Ont., and niece of the late Philip Sovereign, M.P.P., member in the first parliament of Upper Canada at Niagara. Mr. Bowlby's great-grandmother, on the father's side, was a sister of Josiah Wedgwood, the celebrated English chemist who invented the Wedg- wood ware. Ward Hamilton Bowlby was educated in a clergyman's school at the Woodhouse Rectory, near Simcoe, and in the grammar schools at Simcoe, Streetsville and St. Thomas, and at University College, Toronto, and graduated both in arts and in law at the University of Toronto. During every year of his college course he held a first scholarship, and on graduating to the degree of B. A. in the University of Toronto, in 1856, he obtained the Jamieson gold medal, and again on graduating to the degree of LL.B., in 1858, Mr. Bowlby obtained the University gold medal in law, he being the first person who ever had that honour from the Toronto University. Mr. Bowlby studied law in the office of the law firm of Wilson, Patterson & Beaty, of Toronto, which firm was then composed of the present Chief Justice Wilson, Judge Patterson, and Mr. James Beaty, Q.C., M.P., and he was called to the bar and admitted as a solicitor in May, 1858, and has now practised the legal profession for over twenty-seven years in Berlin. Mr. Bowlby is a member of the law firm of Bowlby & Clement, one of the leading law firms in the County of Waterloo, and is a sound lawyer, a good counsellor, an excellent cross-examiner of witnesses, and a shrewd man of business. He is also a solicitor for two of the chartered banks doing business at Berlin and Waterloo, and is solicitor for one of the largest insurance companies in Ontario. During his long pro- fessional career he has argued many impor- tant cases in the High Court at Toronto, and in the Supreme Court at Ottawa, and has always enjoyed a large and lucrative practice, and been in every way most suc- cessful, and is financially rated as one of the wealthiest citizens of Berlin. Mr. Bowlby has often been a member of the town and county councils ; was reeve of Berlin from 1863 to 1868, and has been a member of the Public School Board of Berlin for the past twenty years, and has always done his ut- most to promote the interests of education. In February, 1862, the Cartier-Macdonald Government issued a proclamation dividing the County of Waterloo into two registration districts, and offered Mr. Bowlby the posi- tion of registrar of North Waterloo at Ber- 124 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF lin, but, in consequence of the fact that the old registrar afterwards elected to retain the registrarship at Berlin, the Government appointed Mr. Bowlby registrar of South Waterloo, at Preston, on March 17th, 3862, and although he, at first, accepted the office and performed its duties for a length of time, yet he refused to comply with the law requiring him to remove his place of resi- dence from Berlin to Preston, as he would not give up his law practice at Berlin for the registrarship at Preston, and a change of government having taken place in the meantime steps were thereupon taken to abolish the new registry office for South W aterloo, and on October 15th, 1863, under the auspices of the Macdonald-Dorion Gov- ernment, there was passed the Act of Parlia- ment. 27 Viet. cap. 35, whereby the ridings of Waterloo were re-united for registration purposes. Mr. Bowlby was appointed to the offices of County Crown Attorney and Clerk of the Peace for the County of Waterloo, by the first Provincial Government of Ontario, on December 24th, 1867, which offices he has ever since held, and in both of which he has given every satisfaction. Mr. Bowlby has travelled much in foreign parts, having crossed the Atlantic several times, and in the years 1879 and 1880, in company with his wife and daughter, he made a tour of fourteen months abroad and visited all the principal cities and places of interest in Great Britain and continental Europe. He is a member of the Church of England. Hold- ing government offices for the last eighteen years, he has not recently taken any part in political matters, but in politics he is now generally supposed to be in sympathy with the Liberal party. Mr. Bowlby has one of the prettiest and most delightful residences in Berlin, situate in an enclosure of eleven acres, surrounded by a beautiful well-kept lawn, dotted over with clumps of evergreens, deciduous trees and shrubbery, and here and there flanked with spruce and cedar hedges. Mr. Bowlby has four brothers, viz., Alfred Bowlby, ksq., M.D., of Water- ford ; William Bowlby, Esq., of Simcoe; D. S. Bowlby, Esq , M. D., of Berlin, and J. W. Bowlby, Esq., LL.B., barrister, of Brantford ; and he has an only sister, Mary Ursula, wife of Col. Walker Powell, the Adjutant-General at Ottawa. Mr. Bowlby was married on April 10th, 1861, to Lissie, eldest daughter of the late J. Hespeler, Esq., founder of the village of Hespeler, and he has an only child, a daughter, Annie Hespeler Bowlby, now the wife of George H. Perley, Esq., a junior partner in the well-known and extensive lumbering firm of Perley & Pattee, of Ottawa. Medcalf, Alfred, the subject of this sketch, was born in the City of Toronto, in 1841. His father, Francis Henry Medcalf, ex-mayor of the city, married Mary Harri- son, a lady belonging to Philadelphia, who is now seventy-six years of age. Mr. F. H. Medcalf, the father of our subject, carried on fur many years the foundry business, and during his long career won the confi- dence and respect of his fellow citizens. On the demise of the father, the son suc- ceeded to his business, and he is now one of our most prosperous mechanics. Young Medcalf received his education in the pub- lic schools of Toronto, and left with a good English education. Alfred Medcalf is a gentleman of strict moral habits, and edi- fies those who come within the circle of his influence by his upright conduct. He has always been fond of travel, seeing what the great busy world has to show, and was absent about two years, when a young man, in Philadelphia, Brooklyn and Ohio, perfect- ing his skill in mechanical pursuits. On his return to Toronto, he entered into part- nership with his father, and this partnership continued till the death of the latter in 1880. He now fell to the sole proprietorship of the business, and under his management it has lost none of its old vitality or prestige. Mr. Med calf has not, however, surrendered himself solely to mechanics and the work of his establishment, as will be seen from the fact that for the last eight years he has been one of the assessors of the City of Toronto, besides being a school trustee. Early in life he joined a temperance society, and has all his days been a rigid abstainer from in- toxicating drinks, and has done a good deal in the way of resisting a traffic which has brought misery to so many households. In the temperance body naturally a man of his character and ability could not fail to find recognition, and consequently he has held several high positions in the society. In his eighteenth year he connected himself with the Orange order, and in that body has held distinguished offices from time to time. In religion he is a prominent member of the Church of England communion, and in poli- tics he has followed in the footsteps of his worthy father, who was an intelligent and uncompromising Conservative. Our subject is now chairman of one of the Conservative city-ward associations. He married, in 1866, Miss Elizabeth Thompson, of Toronto, by whom he has had four children, three boys and one girl. In social life Mr. Medcalf is CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 125 genial and kind to all who enjoy his acquaint- ance, and he is one of the class of men whose personal followers and warm admir- ers are never few. Perley, Henry Fullerton, C.E., Ottawa, Chief Engineer of the Department of Public Works, was born in St. John, N.B., in 1831. He is the eldest son of the late M. H. Perley, who was Imperial Com- missioner of Fisheries under the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854. He is a descendant of Allen Ap-Perley, of Wales, who, in 1630, arrived at and settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts, and is a great-grandson of Israel Perley, who, in 1761, at the request of the then governor of Massachusetts, examined and reported on the lands bordering on the River St. John, in New Brunswick, and in the year following headed those who left Massachusetts, and took farms and settled in the parish of Mangerville, on that river. Mr. Perley was educated in St. John at private schools, and at the Collegiate Gram- mar School, Fredericton, N.B., and served as a. pupil with John Wilkinson, member Institute of Civil Engineers, and entered the public service of New Brunswick in 1848, and was employed for four years on exploratory surveys for a perfected system of railways. His abilities as an engineer were soon recognized throughout the mari- time provinces, and in 1852 he accepted an engagement by Messrs. Peto, Betts & Brassey on surveys in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia ; and was employed by the same firm from 1854-56 on the con- struction of the Grand Trunk Railway be- tween Montreal and Brockville. In August, 1856, he again entered the service of New Brunswick, as resident engineer on the construction of the European and North American Railway between St. John and Shediac. He was engaged here till the completion of the line in December, 1860. For a period now he had no connection with government, and was busy with pri- vate practice. In May, 1863, the Nova Scotia government sought and secured his services ; and he filled the position of pro- vincial engineer for two years, when he re- signed, to take the position of agent for Messrs. Kelk, Waring Bros. & Lucas, con- tractors for the construction of the Metro- politan (underground) Railway, London, England. At the completion of this most important engagement in 1870, he returned to New Brunswick, and took charge of the works in connection with the improvement of the freighting facilities of the govern- ment railways of that province, and the construction of the deep water terminus and the extension line thereto, at St. John. In May, 18/ 2, he was appointed engineer1 in charge of harbours, etc., in the maritime provinces for the Department of Public Works, and held that position until the close of 1879, when his great engineering abilities, and markedly brilliant and suc- cessful professional career, was recognized by the appointment to his present position of chief engineer. The best proof of Mr. Perley's qualifications is found in the suc- cessful accomplishment of his many impor- tant undertakings, and the demand his ser- vices were in by governments and powerful companies. His position as chief engineer is not an easy one to fill ; nay, it is hard most difficult, and wearing. But if the writer is to trust testimony, which he be- lieves to be strictly correct, Mr. Perley is master, thorough master, of his trying de- partment ; and gives evidence of the lame sound judgment that characterized his pro- fessional career before he took up his abode at Ottawa. He married, in 1853, Julia E., (laughter of the late Joseph Fairweather, of St. John, N.B., by whom he has had five children. In 1861 our subject volunteered during the Irent difficulty, and assisted in raising the New Brunswick Engineers, with which corps he was connected until 1881, when he was appointed engineer officer at headquarters, and attached to the head- quarter staff. Macdonald, Archibald Henry, Guelph, Lieutenant-Colonel, commanding the 1st Provisional Brigade of Field Artil- lery, Active Militia, Barrister-at-Law and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Ontario, was born at Cobourg, on the 21st July, 1848' He is the eldest son of Archibald Macdon- ald, late judge of the County Court of the County of Wellington, and Jane Ann his wife, who was a daughter of the Rev. David M right. Judge Macdonald was the eldest son of the late Archibald Macdonald, of Cobourg, formerly a captain in H. M. 35th Foot, and colonel of the 4th Northumber- land Militia. Lieut.-Col. Macdonald was educated principally at the Guelph Gram- mar School, and studied law in the office of Judge Kingsmill, now of Walkerton, then practising in Guelph, and his partners, beino- called to the bar at the head of his class* in Hilary term, 1870, and in the ensuing term admitted as an attorney. Mr. Mac- donald first joined the militia as a private in the Guelph Rifle Company, and obtained a 2nd Class Military School certificate, 10th August, 1864; and 1st Class, 8th March, 126 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 1865. Soon after he was appointed instruc- tor to the company, with the rank of captain, and he went with his company to the front in March, 1866. He obtained a first class cer- tificate in gunnery from the Royal Artillery School, at Toronto, on the 26th May, 1870. He was commissioned as lieutenant in the Guelph Garrison Battery on the 12th August, 1870, of which he was appointed captain on the 12th April, in the following year. After serving as adjutant in the 30th Battalion Artillery Militia, at the annual drill at God- erich, 1871, the battery was converted into a field battery, " The Wellington," in Sep- tember, 1871, when Captain Macdonald was appointed to command it, and received as a special case promotion to the brevet rank of major on 16th April, 1875. Subsequently the Ontario Field Battery was raised at Guelph, and the batteries were brigaded as the 1st Provisional Brigade Field Artillery, on the 24th March, 1880, when Major Mac- donald was appointed to the command, and was given the rank of lieutenant-colonel on the 25th Nov., 1881. He has served on the staff of Deputy Adjutant General Taylor, at London, and at Sussex, N.B. He commanded the detachment of Canadian Artillery sent to the Shoeburyness compe- titions, in 1883, and has with so much suc- cess commanded his brigade that out of five years, from 1879 to 1884, in which prizes for general efficiency were offered to field bat- teries by the Governor-General of Canada, each of his batteries has twice won the cups. He is president of the Council of the Do- minion Artillery Association, and a member of the Executive Committee, and he is also a member of the Council of the Dominion Rifle Association. Lieut.-Col. Macdonald stands high in the records of his townsfolk for ability and integrity ; and for the years 1884 and 1885 he has served as aiderman for Guelph. In politics, he always has been an unswerving Conservative, and in religion, he is a member of the Church of England. On the 21st October, 1875, he married Ali- cia, daughter of the late Robert White, of Guelph. We should be by no means sur- prised if our subject's position as aiderman were only a step in the direction of wider political usefulness. Hendry, William, of the town of Berlin, in the County of Waterloo, manager of the Ontario Mutual Life Assurance Com- pany, was born in the City of Aberdeen, Scotland, on the 2nd day of March, J 834, and baptized in the Presbyterian Church, by the late Rev. Dr. Kidd, of Aberdeen. His father, Alexander Henry, was a cabinet- maker, and his mother's maiden name was Ann Milne. They, with their children, two sons and one daughter, emigrated to Canada in the year 1836, and settled, in the then back woods, on a farm between Fergus and Elora. Here a small clearing was made, and a comfortable log dwelling erected. On the 1st of March, 1838, the day before the subject of this memoir was four years old, his father was killed when felling a tree, and the lamentable occurrence resulted ih the breaking up of the home and dispelling its prospects. The boy's mother, who was possessed of strong will power, braved the almost insurmountable difficulties of her lot, and succeeded in obtaining for her son, William, as full a common school education as could be obtained at that time. The lad was placed under the tutor- ship of Mr. James McQueen, who still survives, and who has rarely been excelled in the country as a teacher. Her efforts were also untiring in inculcating the prin- ciples of the moral law, the Bible being her text-book and dearest companion. She en- joined regular attendance at Sabbath school, under the superintendence of the Rev, George Melville Smillie, who is yet pastor of Melville Church, Fergus. After leaving home, however, and as his years of reason were attained, the Presbyterian doctrines which he was taught appeared so contrary to those taught by our Saviour, to his idea of the divine attributes, and to reason, as he saw it, that young Hendry gradually re- jected the doctrines of his youth, preferring those of the sacred Scripture as he found and understood them, and until he was thirty-five years old he found no sectarian doctrines which he could accept. The theo- logical and other writings of Swedenborg had been for some time his reading and study, and after very full reflection he found in them complete and satisfactory tenets of doctrine. These he warmly em- braced as to doctrine and life, and the New Jerusalem Church has no more earnest worker among her members than he now is, his motto, as that of his church, being, "All religion has relation to life, and the life of religion is to do good." His wife, who had been brought up a Methodist, also joined him in the reception of the new church doctrines. In his fifteenth year our subject left home and engaged in mercantile busi- ness as salesman, and soon thereafter as bookkeeper, in the mercantile and milling firm of C. Hendry & Co., of Conestogo, in the County of Waterloo, the senior member being his brother, who is ten years older, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 127 and thia connection resulted in a business partnership under the firm of C. & W. Hendry, which existed for some years. In 1864 an opportunity offered itself to engage in the growth and scutching of flax in the County of Grey, which Mr. Hendry accept- ed in partnership with Mr. W. D. Perine, who, with his brothers, were extensively engaged in that business in the County of Waterloo. This venture was unprofitable, owing to the destruction by fire of his whole mill property and the year's crop, which was manufactured and ready for shipment. About this time the Ontario Mutual Life Assurance Company was or- ganized at Waterloo, with I. E. Bowman, president ; C. M. Taylor, vice-president; and Moses Springer as secretary and general agent. A manager was deemed necessary by the directors, and that position was offered to Mr. Hendry in August, 1870, and accepted, first on trial, and then per- manently, after the principles and details of the business had been acquired. Mr. Hen- dry now felt the weight of a heavy respon- sibility ; a great future appeared open to the Ontario, to be secured only by perse- verance, skill and integrity ; the business of life assurance was being done almost ex- clusively by foreign companies, causing an immense annual financial drain on this country, and it required great labour and time to overcome the many prejudices which then existed. The Ontario is now, however, a creditable Canadian institution, and enjoying the fullest measure of public confidence. In November, 1854, William Hendry married Sarah Washburn, of the town of Berlin, and the family consists of one son, three daughters and two grandsons, no deaths having occurred. Mr. Hendry was clerk of the seventh Division Court of the County of Waterloo from 1856 to 1864, during which term he was appointed a jus- tice of the peace, and still enjoys that com- mission. In 1871 he joined the Masonic fraternity in Grand River Lodge, No. 151, at Berlin, passed through the various official positions, and served two years as W. M., taking a warm interest in the welfare of the craft, till the fall of 1877, when congestion of the brain and a form of spasmodic tetanus interfered with his speech, since which time he has become a member of Grand River Chapter, No. 70, of Berlin. Blevins, John, City Clerk, Toronto, the gentleman who forms the subject of this sketch, was born on the 11th of July, 1830, within two miles of Armagh, Ireland. Although born in the green isle, his father was of English descent. He was educated at Armagh Academy, and was preparing to enter Trinity College, Dublin, when, on the invitation of his brother, then a practising barrister, he came to Canada, in September, 1848. In October of the same year our subject commenced the study of the law in Toronto, with Dr. McMichael, and prov- ing himself to be a painstaking student, he was called to the bar in June, 1854, and up to last year, he successfully practised his profession. As a mark of his talents, it may be mentioned that while studying law, he gave lessons in Greek and Latin and the higher branches of mathematics, with the view of furnishing means to eke out his then scanty income. He was appointed City Clerk in December, 1884, and now enjoys well-earned rest from such an arduous lot as his has been. He became a Freemason twenty years ago, but has not devoted any time to the order. Mr. Blevins has travelled through the United States, and in 1863 went to see the land of his birth. He is a member of the Church of England, and of this religious persuasion were all his people. He has taken an active, able and intelligent part in politics, and of the two political parties offered for our acceptance, he has an unhesitating preference for that led by Sir John A. Macdonald. Mr. Blevins has been married, but his wife died four- teen years ago, leaving him with two chil- dren, both of whom are girls. Mr. Blevins has "been an active member of the com- munity, in proof of which he served for a number of years as aiderman, during which period he gained many warm friends. Kirkpatrick, Lieut. - Col. lion. George Airey, Q.C., M.P., etc., Speaker of the House of Commons, was born in Kingston, Ontario, 13th September, 1841, and is the fourth son of the late Thomas Kirkpatrick, Esq., Q.C., who came from Coolmine, County Dublin, Ireland. Mr. Kirkpatrick received part of his education at the Grammar School, Kingston,and the High School, St. Johns, P. Q., after which he was sent to Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated with high honours, receiv- ing the degrees of B. A. and LL. B. ; he also graduated as moderator and silver medalist for law, literature and political economy. Returning home, he entered his father's office, and there applied himself to a diligent study of the law, and was called to the bar of Upper Canada at the Hilary term, 1865, and was appointed Queen's counsel on the 11th October, 1880. He received from his alma mater, in June, 1884, the degree of 128 A CYCLOPEDIA OF LL. D. In military affairs Mr. Kirkpatrick has always taken an active part, entering as a private during the Trent affair, and rose step by step in the ranks till he reached the high- est command, that of lieutenant.-colonel. He went again into active service in the town of Cornwall, during the Fenian inva- sion, and acted during that period as adjutant to the 14th P.W.O. Battalion, V. I. He was elected president of the Dominion Rifle Asso- ciation, and also commanded the Wimbledon Rifle team in 1876. In commercial life, Mr. Kirkpatrick has always had the advancement of his native city at heart, and has been one of the foremost in founding several of its most important works. He holds at the present time the office of director of the Kingston & Pembroke Railroad ; is president of Kings- ton Water Works Company, and president of the Canada Locomotive Works of Kingston. He was chairman for some time and after- wards secretary of the Board of Trustees of Collegiate Institute, being connected with the board since 1870. A large number of his friends, perceiving his marked abilties, and being anxious that they should be em- ployed for the benefit of his country in some legislative sphere, waited upon him and pressed upon him to allow himself to be put in nomination for the seat made vacant by the death of his father. This was in the year 1870, and our subject's father had for many years represented Frontenac. The electorate which had felt such confidence in their young representative were soon con- vinced that their forecasting had been cor- rect, for he at once manifested the same excellent intellectual qualities in public which he had shown in his private affairs. Whenever he arose in the House it was for the purpose of accomplishing something im- portant, and when he spoke attention was given to him. His manner never repelled, but always gathered support, his bearing be- ing dignified, kindly, but firm, nay, uncom- promising. Soon men about the Treasury benches began to say one to another that Mr. Kirkpatrick's day for some position in government was drawing near. Meanwhile he had given his attention to legislative measures ; and it was he who introduced the measure which aimed at securing a lien for seamen's wages on vessels plying on inland waters. Year after year he introduced his measure, till eventually it found expression in Mr. Blake's Maritime Court Act for On- tario. How important Mr. Kirkpatrick's measure was is now apparent to the public ; and sailors on inland seas regard him justly as their benefactor. As we have said, Mr. Kirkpatrick was first returned to the House of Commons for Frontenac in 1870. At the general election of 1872 he was returned by acclamation ; again returned in 1874, in 1878, and by acclamation at the last general election. Perceiving his courtesy, dignity and address, and his acute knowledge of parliamentary procedure, he was elected Speaker on the 8th of February, 1883, that being the date of the opening of the present parliament. As a Speaker he has been dig- nified, impartial and effective ; and he has always held the reins of the House with a firm hand. He married first, on the 25th October, 1865, Miss Frances Jane, daughter of the late Hon. John Macaulay. She died on the 20th of January, 1877. He married again on the 26th of September, 1883, Miss Isabel Louisa, youngest daughter of the Hon. Sir David L. Macpherson, Senator. In politics it need hardly be said Mr. Kirk- patrick is, and always has been, a Conserva- tive. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. Tilley, Sir Samuel Leonard, K.C. M. one of the most prominent of Con- servative statesmen in Canada, and at pres- ent Minister of Finance, is the great-grand- son of Samuel Tilley, one of the United Empire Loyalists. The sub ject of this sketch was born at Gagetown, Queen's county, N. , on the 8th of May, 1818, so that he is now in his sixty-eighth year. He was edu- cated at the Gagetown Grammar School, and in his thirteenth year he became appren- ticed to an apothecary. Before beginning business for himself, Mr. Tilley was for a time in the employ of Mr. William O. Smith, druggist, a gentleman of superior intellec- tual parts, and who observed public move- ments with much interest. It was, probably, from him that the future Finance Minister of Canada derived his first lessons in politi- cal economy ; and we may, without being far astray, take for granted that Mr. Smith very plainly saw that his lessons were not likely to be wasted on this clear-headed and enthusiastic young man. Young Tilley be- ing sprung from loyalist stock, it was only fair to assume that whenever, if ever, he should bring himself before the public, he would find a prepossession in his favour. He became a prominent member of a deba- ting society when seventeen, and took a leading part in the political discussions, and shortly after became a staunch and able advo- cate of the cause of temperance. It may here be said that from that far-past day to this Mr. Tilley has always been loyal to his temperance principles, has always seized the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 129 opportunity to forward the movement, and upon all occasions has shown the sincerity of his character by the practice of his pre- cepts. In recognition of his distinguished services in the cause, the National division of the Sons of Temperance of America, in 1854, elected him to the highest office in the order, namely that of Most Worthy Patriarch, and which position he held for two years. In enlarged politics the first heard of Mr. Tilley was in 1849, when he was the seconder on the paper of Mr. B. Ansley, who was returned by a good major- ity. He was one of the foremost promoters of the Railway League, organized to secure the construction of a railway from St. John to Shed ac. In 1850 he was elected to the Assembly for the City of St. John. Mr. Tilley was at this time a Liberal. The following year the Tory manipulators began to undermine the foundations of their oppo- nents, and they seduced from allegiance the Hon. J. H. Gray and the Hon. R. D. Wil- mot [Mr. Gray was afterwards appointed a judge, and Mr. Wilmot a lieutenant-gover- nor], and tuese two good gentlemen entered the government. On the day that their se- cession became known, the Liberal party was naturally shocked and pained at the treachery, but closed up their ranks and resolved still to fight the enemy. Messrs. Tilley,Sim mds, Ritchie and N eedham there- upon published a card to the people, declar- ing that if Mr. Wilmot, who had accepted office, was re-elected, they would r-sign their seats in the House, as they could not, in that case, represent their views. The electors, however, r turned Mr. Wilmot, and all the parties on the card, except W. H. Needham, resigned their seats. Mr. Tilley then returned to private life. But he w «s not long to remain " a mute, inglorious Milton." In 1854 the Liberals were triumph- ant, and Mr. Tilley obtained a portfolio in the new administration. From that time up to this, with the exception of a cmple of breaks, he has enjoyed a remarkable lease of power, having been a member of the New Brunswick and Dominion govern- ments during many long years, except the session of 1851, and part of the extra ses- sion of 1854. In 1856 he w«s beaten on the liquor question, but in 1857 regained power, and became leader of the admin is tration in 1860, which position he retained till March,1865. He attended the confer- ence held in Prince Edward Island to dis- cuss maritime union, and subsequently ap- peared at the Quebec conference, where he made a telling speech on the importance of the province he represented. The proceed- ings of the Quebec conference were kept from the public with the most zealous care, but one member belonging to a sea province told his wife one day that " it was no use," he was unable "to keep it any longer." He unburthened himself to a newspaper editor, when with the speed of the wind intelligence of the affair was spread through the British North American provinces. At once in the lower provinces a storm of opposition was raised to the scheme, and presses rolled out tons of pamphlets, placards, circulars and open letters, denouncing the scheme, and calling upon the people to rise and thwart Tilley and other enemies of his country. The ministry fell. The Irish were all the time rampant and unappeasable. They all remembered h< >w Ireland h id once been sold, and their representative newspaper became so bitter as to eventually overreach its aim. To help al< >ng t he scheme and defeat the great booming of the Irish, fate brought along the Fenian scare. The Government resigned, and Mr. Tilley was sent for to form an ad- ministration. A new election took place in 1866, and the anti's got a still worse drub- bing than had falle < to the lot of the sup- porrers of confederation. A short time after- wards Mr. Tilley attended the conference in England, formed to procure a Chart of Union, and he was, in July, 1867, made a C. B. (civil), in recognition of his distin- guished services. He resigned his seat in the New Brunswick legislature and govern- ment to become Minister of Customs in the new Canadian Cabinet. From November, 1868. to April, 1869, he acted Minister of Public Works, and on the 22nd of Febiuary, 1873, he was made Minister of Finance. This office he held till the downfall <»f the administration on the 5 th of November of the same year. He then became lieutenant- governor of his native province, which office he held till 1878, when he took the held again, with the triumphant result so well known. In the new Conserva'ive adminis- tration he became once again Finance Min- ister, and shortly afterwards f -amed the Jegisla ion with which his name will be con- nected so long as the history of Crnada is read, namely the National Policy. On May 24th, 1879, he was ere ited a Knight of the Order of St. Michael and Sr. George by the Governor-Genera1, acting f >r the Q leen. Sir Leonard Tilley has been twice in tr ied, first to Julia Ann, daughter of James T. Hanford, of Sv John, N B ; an I second, in 1867 to Alice, eldest daughter of Z. Cnip- man, of Sc. Stephen, N.B. Sir Leonard 130 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Tilley's career has been an honour to his country, and one that young men who aim to do well in public life should seek to re- member. Philip, David Leslie, M.D., Brant- ford. This popular and successful physician was born at Richmond, Ontario, in the year 1841. His parents were Anthony Philip, and Isabella Mowat, nee Buchanan, and both were of Scottish stock. His father was a native of Aberdeen, in which city he spent his early years, attending Marshall college. Our subject's mother was born in Edinburgh, and she was a daughter of the Rev. Dr. George Buchanan, of that city. The name Buchanan is well-known in Scot- tish annals, and many members of this dis- tinguished family took a leading part in Scot- tish ecclesiastical history. Young Philip was educated at the High Schoo], Vankleek Hill, in the Ottawa valley, and subsequently attended McGill Medical College, gradiut- ing as M.D., from that institution in 1861. He took honours, obtaining the Holmes prize for thesis and also the prize in clinical medicine. After leaving college, he pro- ceeded to Woodstock, Ontario, and entered into partnership with Dr. John Turquand, a well-known physician, who was president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons for Ontario in 1867. This partnership was continued for two years. He then went to Plattsville in the same county, where he remained seven years enjoying a very large practice. Upon leaving Plattsville, the medical profession of Oxford county tend- ered him a public dinner in the town hall, and presented him with a fine case of surgi- cal instruments. He removed to Brant- ford in 1872, and has since been engaged in his profession there, doing a large- and lucrative practice. Dr. Philip belongs to the Presbyterian church, and has been a member of the board of the Collegiate in- stitute for eight years, of which he is at present chairman. He was elected in 1882, 2nd vice-president of the Ontario Medical Association ; and in 1885, he was chosen to represent the Erie and Niagara division in the Ontario Medical Council. He has contributed various articles to the current medical literature, and these contributions have revealed much original thought, accu- rate research, and a clear, graceful and vigor- ous literary style. Dr. Philip is a man of energy and character, and of large public spirit. Although his practice is large, his connection with enterprises beyond profes- sional work is varied, and as we have shown, important. He is a member of Brant Lodge, A.F. and A. M, and he is likewise a member of the Brant County Medical Association. Schultz, David L., was born at Rock- wood, Eramosa, in the County of Welling- ton, Ontaiio. His father was Barnard Schultz, and his mother, whose maiden name was Martha Jackson, were married at Guelph, Ontario. Our subject's grand- father came from Pennsylvania and settled in Niagara, and after remaining there for some years, removed in 1826, to Rockwood, and took up land, and upon this same land lives at this day the father of David L. Schultz. The grandfather took part in the war of 1812, and fought bravely on the Canadian side. Mr. Schultz's celebrated maternal grandmother was a relation of General Jackson, and nearly every one of her ancestors were more or less prom- inent in military circles. David L. Schultz was educated in the common schools, and completed his studies at Rockwood Academy. At fourteen he left school, and engaged himself at the work of milling, at which occupation he continued for twelve years. He then entered a general store at Under- wood, but only conducted the business for a short period, when he sold out and returned to Rockwood, where, with a determination to win, and sleeves rolled up, he commenced business again. His undertaking was attended with very good success. Subsequently he turned his atten- tion to stone quarrying, and obtained the general contract for supplying stone to the Grand Trunk Railway. This contract is still in his hands. He has been extremely active, and being blessed with good judg- ment, and having seldom invested in un- profitable undertakings, he now finds him- self in a comfortable position. He joined the volunteers, 20th Lome Rifles, No. 6, in 1872, and is now captain of a company, having passed very successfully a military examination at the Infantry School, Toronto, in the spring of 1885. He is a mason of Speed Lodge, No. 180, Guelph, and an Odd- fellow of Silver Star Lodge, Weston. In addition to his office of clerk of the Division Court, he is a commissioner for the High Court of Justice, and also issuer of mar- riage licenses. He has travelled through Canada and visited the principal cities in the United States. He is a Presbyterian, and in politics an independent. He mar- ried at Underwood, Janet Gunn, who is dead. By this marriage he has one girl. Mr. Schultz has the character of being very prompt and particular about all matters of business. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 131 Matheson, David, Assistant Superin- tendent of the Savings Bank Branch of the Post Office Department, Ottawa, is a Scotch- man by birth, he having been born in the parish of Canisbay, near John O'Groat's, Caithness-shire, on the 25th October. 1840 ; and emigrated to Canada, in 1861. Mr. Matheson, joined the civil service in 1863, and was appointed Private Secretary to the Postmaster-General. In 1868 he, with an- other officer, was appointed to organize the Post Office Savings Bank, and specially de- signed the plan of accounts which has made the Canadian system of Savings banks a credit to our country, and a model that other countries have been pleased to adopt. Mr. Matheson, in recognition of his services, was appointed, in 1881, Assistant Superin- tendent of the Savings Bank Branch of the Post Office Department, and still occupies that position. In 1865 he was married to Marianne White, daughter of Mr. M. White, of Quebec. This estimable lady died in 1884. Tecumseh, Chief.-This renowned, energetic, and daring Indian chief, was born in 1770, and died on October 5th, 1813. His father was a Shawanee brave, named Puckeshinwa, and when he was killed in battle, his illustrious son was a child. Puck- eshinwa was valorous and terrible in war, so say the Indian legends, and lived on the Scioto river, Ohio. The following story is recorded of Tecumseh :-" It is supposed that about 1806, he and his brother, Elsk- watawa, the prophet, formed the project of uniting all the western Indians in a war against the Americans. When General Har- rison attacked and defeated the prophet in the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7, 1811, Tecumseh was absent' on a visit to the south. In the war of 1812 he was an ally to the British, with the rank of briga- dier-general. At the siege of Fort Meigs, and at the second assault in July, he was present, being at the head of two thousand warriors. In the battle of Moraviantown, on the Thames, at which Proctor was the British general the American general, Har rison, had for his aides General Cass and Commodore Perry. Colonel R. M. Johnson commanded on the left, and came into per- sonal conflict, it is said, with Tecumseh. His horse being killed and himself wounded by three balls in his right thigh, and two in his left arm, the savage chief rushed upon him with his tomahawk ; but, drawing a pistol from his holster, Johnson laid him dead at his feet. In this battle, Colonel Johnson's brother,Lieutenant-Colonel James Johnson, was killed. The project of uniting all the western Indians against the Americans, and the efforts made to execute the project, dis- play a savage energy and perseverance rare- ly to be met with. The prophet as well as the warrior being now deceased, such a com- bination will probably never be made again. No one, however, can fully calculate the in- estimable value of those devoted ' red men,' led on by the brave Tecumseh during the struggle of 1812. But for them, it is pro- bable, that we should not now have a Can- ada ; and if we had, we would not enjoy the liberty and privileges which we possess in so eminent a degree. King Phillip Pontiac, the Ottawa chief, who in 1763 captured Michilimackinac and invested Detroit ; and the Prophet and Tecumseh may be regarded as the most remarkable of the savage war- riors of America." But witty, discerning and able though this prophet was, he was the greatest impostor and the most consummate liar of his time. He pretended to have died, to have been in the land of the blessed, then to have risen from the dead by virtue of some divine powers within him. In every way possible, and most fertile was his imagination, did he work upon the credulity of the Indians. Once he heard through the almanacs, that on a stated day there would be a total eclipse of the sun, so he went about among the tribes, who had heard nothing of it, and who were not aware that the white men could predict " dark days," announcing that on a certain day he would spread darkness all over the land as an ear- nest of the things to follow ; and when the day came the Indians flocked together, half in awe, marvelling if indeed the prophet was as mighty as he said he was. Slowly a keen black shadow began to creep over the face of the sun. the heavens became of a sickly orange colour ; still the shadow crept onwards till the whole face of the sun was shut from sight, and a dismal gloom fell upon the face of the land. The awe of the Indians knew no bounds, nor their rever- ence for the prophet, who they believed was in direct alliance with the Great Spirit, if he were really not the Manitou himself. But a most hideous looking great spirit was this prophet. His face was of a more than us- ually repulsive Indian type, and, to add to its comeliness, it had only one eye, the other having been destroyed by an arrow when he was young. There is no doubt that Te- cumseh abetted this impostor, but history justifies him-that is, the English historian does-since his aim was the manipulation of the tribes in the service of the British flag. 132 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF The word Tecumseh has received many transl itions, one being "The Shooting Star," another "The Flying Tiger," and still an- other, "The Wild Cat Springing upon his Prey." Of these the former is generally accepted. Clarke, Henry Edward, MP.P. for West Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born at Three Rivers, Quebec, on 20th of March, 1829. He is a son of Henry Clarke and Ellen, nee Armstrong, both of whom came from Midhill, County of Fer- managh, Ireland. Our subject received his tuition, which comprised a sound and prac- tical English educati m, from public teachers and private instructors, and at fifteen years of age Mr. Claike left home to push his fortune in the world. At the age of eigh- teen he had learned the trade of saddle and trunkmaking, and found employment in one of the large shops in Montreal. Here he remained until 1848, and then removed to Ottawa (then Bytown), where, in 1849, when barely twenty years of age, we find him fireman of the largest saddlery shop in the town, and here he remained for about four years, working diligently, and perfecting himself in his trade. Mr Clarke again retuined to Montreal in 1853, and the next year he was sent to Toronto to open a branch trunk store for R. Dean & Co., of Montreal. Mr. Clarke now resolved to carry on business for himself, and in ten months after his arrival here he bought out R. Dean & Co. Although he had very little capital at his command, he had in- dustry and perseverance, and the result is that we now find him at the head of one of the largest trunk manufacturing estab- lishments in America. Although an active man in bis own business, yet Air. Clarke has found some time to devote to public affairs. For eight years he was a director of the Mechanics' Institute ; was aiderman for St. Georoe's Ward in 1879, and for St. Andrew's Ward for the years 1881, '«2, and '83. He was chairman of the Court of Re- vision in 1881, and of the Executive Com- mittee in 1883. He was elected, in 1883, to represent Toronto West in the Provincial Parliament, which seat'he still holds; and he is also one of the directors of the Fede- ral bank. Mr. Clarke is an Orangeman, having joined the order in 1849. lie tra- velled extensively in 1878, and visited Lon- don, Edinburgh, Dublin, Belfast, Paris, Geneva, Mont Blanc, B< rne, Lucerne. Mu- nich, Vienna, Trieste, Venice, Florence, Rome, 2$apl<s, Pomptii, and other historic places. On his return, he delivered a lecture called " Impressions of a Tour in Europe," in Richmond Street Methodist Church, and afterwards pul lished it in pamphlet form. Mr. Clarke belongs to the Methodist denom- ination, and in politics is a Conservative. He married in May, 1856, Anne, daughter of the late Thomas Kennedy, of Montreal, and has had a family of three children, a boy and two girls. His son died at the age of fourteen years. Mr. Clarke's career has been industrious and honourable, and he now enjoys the fruits of his labours and the respect of his fellow men. McGee, James, Toronto, is a native of the North of Ireland. He served a seven years' apprenticeship, from January, 1835, to 1842, as a manufacturer of linen, with one of the largest firms in Belfast, and he was for four years flax-buyer in the Irish, Dutch and Belgian markets ; and afterwards he spent two years in the same business, in France. He came to Canada early in the year 1847, and took out a patent for a new process of rotting flax, and established a scutch mill at Weston, and for some time, in conjunction with the mill, carried on the cordage and rope walk at Yorkville. This business was not successful, as the climate was not suited to it, and it was a step too far in advance of the development of the busi- ness facilities and of the manufactures of the country. Some time after, Messrs. Blaikie & Alexander tried to introduce the flax business at Georgetown, and Messrs. Gooderham & Worts also endeavoured to establish a linen factory at Streetsville, but both efforts failed, and the attempt, after heavy losses, had to be abandoned. Turn- ing the scutch mill at Weston back again into what it had formerly been, a saw mill, he then went into lumbering. Selling out this property, which has since become the woollen factory of Mr. Wilby, Mr McGee moved up into Vaughan and King, and also into Essa, and built saw mills and carried on the lumber business. He supplied, amongst other things, in the year 1854, the timber for the cribbing of the esplanade, under the Cotton & Manning contract, and the spars for two sea-going vessels, being built by P. Hayes & Co., and did a large lumber busi- ness in those localities up to 1869. Being a large shareholder in the Rojal Canadian Bank, which, in consequence of mismanage- ment, had to close its doors, he was called upon by meetings of shareholders held in Whit by, Brampton and Toronto, to take part in the reorganization of the bank, which he did, and acted as director, under the presi- dency of the late Hon. John Crawford, and CANADIAN BIOGUAPH'Y. 133 the Hon. Alexander Campbell, now Post- master General ; but when the Royal Cana- dian, jointly with the City Bank, became merged into the Consolidated Bank, and the head office was moved to Montreal, he resigned this position. Having sold out his lumber business to W. &. R. Henry, in 1871, he moved into Toronto, and sat as aiderman for St. John's Ward in the city council, for the years 1877 and 1878, and took an active interest in the movement for the new Exhibition Park and buildings. When the Provincial Agricultural and Arts Association, for whose use these buildings were erected, failed to keep their promise to the City Council, to hold their exhibitions permanently in this city, he then gave his assistance to Mr. Withrow in forming the Toronto Industrial Exhibition Association, whose exhibitions have since proved to be of great assistance in the promotion of the agricultural and manufacturing interests of the City of Toronto, and the Dominion at large. Although Mr. McGee has not been in active business for some years, he still continues to act as a director of the Union Loan and Savings Co. He is a director and treasurer of the Industrial Exhibition Association, and is trustee and attorney for the estate of the late W. & R. Henry, lumber merchants, which carries on an active saw mill business at Kagawong, Manitoulin Island, Randwick and Lisle, Dufferin, and in the city. Mr. McGee is a Methodist, and his political preferences are Reform. He married in 1850 the eldest daughter of the late James Stewart, of York township. His son, Captain McGee, of the Queen's Own, is associated with him in business. Costigan, Honourable John, Min- ister of Inland Revenue for the Dominion of Canada, was born at St. Nicholas, in the Province of Quebec, on February 1st, 1845, and received a sound education at the col- lege of St. Ann's. When his education was completed, he moved over to New Bruns- wick, and thereafter for many years was connected with various pursuits. He was appointed registrar of deeds for Victoria county, and a judge of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas for New Brunswick. At a very early age Mr. Costigan gave evidence of the solid intellectual qualities, which were to become so conspicuous in after years. Above all, those who watched him closely perceived an unvarying persistency in any course which he marked out for himself. Towards 1861 several of the leading inhabi- tants of Victoria county decided that they would ask Mr. Costigan to offer for the legis- lature, and he consented to do so, and was elected. Mr. Costigan sat in the New Bruns- wick Assembly till 1866, when he was de- feated. He was during that period regarded as one of the ablest men in the house, both sides always paying great deference to his opinions. At the general election after Con- federation he was returned to the House of Commons, and has held his seat uninter- ruptedly for Victoria county ever since. On May 23rd, 1882, he was admitted to the Privy Council as Minister of Inland Rev- enue, and still occupies this position. On the 20th May, 1872, Mr. Costigan moved an address in the House of Commons, pray- ing His Excellency to disallow the New Brunswick School Act, on the ground " that said law is unjust and causes much uneasi- ness among the Roman catholic population." Some time before the introduction of Mr. Costigan's resolutions, persons had gone up and down through New Brunswick de- claring that the province must have a sys- tem of free, non-sectarian public schools, and children of every denomination must attend these schools, and that one and all, according to his real or personal property, would be taxed to maintain the educational system. So far this was good. The pro- vince had for many years previously made liberal grants for education, but the schools were under denominational control; there was no thorough system of inspection ; no uniform course of instruction, and subjects were taught on the old fashioned parrot plan, an old teacher standing behind the educational bulwark, driving education home with a birch rod. Therefore it was a wise and progressive movement that some one set on foot to reduce this chaos of cate- chism and birch, and arithmetic and letters, into one harmonious, efficient and enlight- ened system. The new idea carried the province by storm, and then there was ap- pointed a chief superintendent of educa- tion. To this gentleman was assigned the task of drawing up an educational chart, outlining courses of instruction, and pre- scribing texts. He had just the qualifica- tions needed to carry out the will of the narrow politicians with respect to education and the Roman catholics, and so rancor- ously was he disposed towards Catholicism that, it is averred, when writing a letter, he carried his hatred so far as to avoid crossing his t's. He imagined that all priests and lay brothers were bad men, and all nuns wicked women, not fit in character or garb to teach in the public schools, therefore he 134 A CYCLOPEDIA OF drew up a regulation making it unlawful for any teacher employed in the public schools to wear any badge, garb or emblem distinctive of any denominational sect or order. This, of course, excluded nuns, lay brothers, and people of a like ecclesiastical fashion, and the liberal and high-minded proviso was characterized as "the govern- ment's infamous millinery regulation." Holy Church had no cause for panic when the idea of free, non-sectarian schools was at first broached, although it fidgetted and fretted itself almost out of its vestments ; now it had a genuine grievance. It was when this narrow regulation had been put upon the statute-book that Mr. Costigan, a Roman Catholic, raised his voice in the House of Commons and besought parliament to inter- pose its hand in justice to the minority in his province. He was now ably seconded by Mr. Timothy Warren Anglin, who pleaded till he became pathetic for justice to his co- religionists. Mr. Anglin's newspaper, the Freeman, week after week, was laden with complainings against the injustice of the New Brunswick legislature. It declared that it was the duty of Sir John A. Macdonald's government to interfere its authority and maintain right. Then Sir John fell under his Pacific scandal load, and the reformers returned to power, bringing with them Mr. Anglin, whom they put in the Speaker's chair. During the first session of the new parliament, Mr. Costigan again arose and moved his resolution, which ended in these words ; " That the Governmexit should ad- vise His Excellency to disallow the Acts passed by the New Brunswick Legislature." In this case Mr. Speaker Anglin's support ended with putting the resolution. The whole country knew how he had the Roman catholic interests at heart, but it was inex- pedient now to press the matter-inexpe- dient of course to embarrass his government, though this was the very course that his great store of wisdom had suggested when Sir John was in office. So Mr. Costigan had to fight the battle alone. To dispose of the matter, the governor-general did not disallow the New Brunswick School Act, and it would have been a constitutional crime had he done so. Nor did Mr. Cos- tigan desire the repeal of such portions of the law as were just; he merely sought to remove the intolerance and bigotry that disgraced the Act in the " millinery regu- lations." Although the Act was not re- pealed, Mr. Costigan's exertions were not without fruit, for Dr. Rand's anti-catholic provision was expunged, and the doctor him- self, as political decency in New Brunswick increased, began to totter in his chair. At last Mr. Blair asked him to resign, and he is now back in the province, where we hope a career of usefulness shall always be open to him. Mr. Costigan's other great act in parliament was the submission, in 1882, of " The Costigan Irish resolutions," praying that Her Majesty might grant Home Rule government to Ireland on the self-governing colonial plan, likewise praying for the re- lief of "suspects," and asking other ameli- orations. In so far as these resolutions addressed themselves to the question of Home Rule for Ireland, history shall always applaud their author, for he was only asking for a country, dear to him by ties of race, a political condition, the success of which he had tested. But it was a pity, a sad pity, that he, and parliament behind him, should have so far forgotten themselves as to advise another country as to what she should do with offenders against her own laws. Mr. Costigan's career has been a very able one. He is a clear headed, firm handed adminis- trator, and has his department thoroughly under control. He married, in 1855, Miss Harriet, daughter of Mr. John Ryan, of Grand Falls, New Brunswick. His admir- ers have recently presented him with a splen- did residence in Ottawa. JLee, William Augustine, Toronto, the subject of this biographical record, was born at Port Hop©, in the Province of On- tario, on August 26th, 1826. His father, Patrick Lee, emigrated to Canada in 1822 ; and his mother, Mary Flynn, came in 1824 ; and both were brought up in the County of Tipperary, Ireland. They were married in Port Hope in 1825, and located on land there called the Newcastle district. Finding a pioneer life very arduous, Mr. Lee -went into the employ of the Canada Company as a surveyor. This company had a contract from the Imperial government, and were survey- ing and resurveying the country. After this he entered the employ of John D. Smith, father of the present Hon. Sydney Smith, as book-keeper, and about the year 1836 he went to the States and returned again to Canada next year, and settled in Stamford, and opened a school. It was here that the subject of our sketch was educated. After leaving school, where he had made a creditable showing, owing to his industry and his natural cleverness, he learned the trade of a cabinetmaker with Mr James Reed, of Hamilton, and Messrs. Jacques & Hay, of Toronto. Failing health now neces- sitated a change, and he commenced the CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH Y. 135 business of contractor and builder, but ow- ing to the too keen competition in this line, he relinquished the business and became agent in 1873 for the Western Assurance Co. He incorporated with this a real estate and loaning business, and has, by persistent and straightforward efforts, reached a very enviable position. His second son, Frank P. Lee, is a partner with him in the busi- ness, the firm being W. A. Lee & Son, and a younger son, John L., is the cashier in the office. He represented the city in 1859 as aiderman, and has been returning officer for 23 years. He was likewise tax collector for eight years, but this position he resigned in 1883. He has travelled through a large portion of the American continent. He is a Roman catholic in religion, and a con- servative in politics ; but he is by no means a partisan. He calmly judges public ques- tions for himself, and supports what ever measure he believes most in the public in- terest. He married Mary Lawlor, a sister of the late Dr. Lawlor, and by this lady has four sons and two daughters. Alto- gether here is a career exhibiting tireless industry, unswerving uprightness and good ability. Withrow, Rev. W. BL, D.D., F.R. S.C., Toronto, editor of the Canadian Metho- dist Magazine, was born in Toronto in 1839. He is descended, upon the father's side, of U. E. Loyalist stock. His father, James Withrow, comes from Nova Scotia, and his mother, Ellen, nee Sanderson, was born in Ireland. Rev. Dr.Withrow was edu- cated at Toronto Academy, Victoria Col- lege, Cobourg, and Toronto University. In 1864 he graduated in arts from the latter institution ; and in divinity at Victoria in 1883. In 1884 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, in the stead of Dr. Alpheus Todd, deceased. Rev. Dr. Withrow's travels have been extensive; and thereby he has much improved and en- riched his mind. He has travelled through Great Britain and Ireland, France, Italy, Germany, Holland, Belgium, and Switzer- land. From very early years he had shown an inclination and aptitude for literary work. A volume called "A Canadian in Europe," Rose Publishing Co., Toronto, recounted the impressions of the traveller in a vivid, careful and comprehensive way. Dr. Withrow married Miss S. A. Smith, by whom he has four children. He entered the Methodist ministry in 1862, and has since been stationed in turn at Waterford, Montreal, Hamilton, and Niagara. In 1874, his splendid literary talents, having been acknowledged, he was elected editor of the Canadian Methodist Magazine and Sunday school periodicals, and has been thrice re-elected. In addition to his valua- ble work already noticed, and as editor of the magazine, Dr. Withrow has produced a number of other volumes, all exhibiting the same picturesque and trenchant style. The most notable of these works is " The Cata- combs of Rome and Mr. Gladstone, on seeing the work, wrote to its distinguished author, expressing his admiration of it. The book has reached three editions in England, the only book we suppose ever published in the colonies of which the same can be said. " The Catacombs " is certainly an excellent piece of literary workmanship ; while con- taining much stately and solemn thought, it throbs with all the fascination of a novel. The portraiture is graphic; the touch is light; and there is collected an unusual quantity of matter, not a line of which is not either vivid as to description, or most sug- gestive as to thought. ' ' Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs," is a tale of early Chris- tian life in Rome, from the same happy pen. It has all the charm of the novel, and all the value of a work with a field so important and a writer so capable. This book has been republished in England, and also in the United States ; but we know not whether, in the latter case, the book fell into the hands of a pirate or an honest man. There are several other tales from the same pen, such as " Neville Trueman, the Pioneer Preacher," " The King's Messenger," " The Romance of Missions," " Barbara Heck," " Men Worth Knowing," "Missionary He- roes," etc. So far as permanent value to Canadians is concerned, the piece de resist- ance of Dr. Withrow's literary labours is his " History of the Dominion of Canada." With reference to the literary qualities of this work, the editor thinks he can do no better than reproduce with approval the following, from the Toronto Mail: "The Rev. Dr. Withrow, of this city, has per- formed a really patriotic work in the pre- paration of his admirable ' History of Can- ada.' He has a real genius for historical research Dr. Withrow has performed his work well, and done an im- portant service to his country. It deserves to be widely circulated and generally read, especially by the young people of the Do- minion. Nothing is better calculated to create and foster that national and loyal spirit upon which so much depends in the future of this great country than that its past history should be more accurately and 136 A CYCLOPEDIA OF thoroughly known by the Canadians. In view ot these facts, Dr. Withrow's ' Histoiy of Canada' is cordially recommended to the public." Dr. Withrow has also written a number of pamphlets and booklets-one of them a prize essay-on varied aspects of the temperance reform, which which he is in strong sympathy. Fraser, Honourable Christopher Finlay, M P.P., one of the most eloquent debaters in Canada, was born at Brockvdle, in October, 1839.. Mr. Fraser is of Celtic origin, his father, John Fraser, being a Scotch Highlander, and his mother, Sarah, nee Burke, of Irish birth and parentage. It fell to the lot of our subject, when a boy, to be poor, for his parents, like the majority of pioneers, brought into the new country very little gold in their purses. But this very poverty seems to have been a stimulus to the ambition of the lad, and it is said that he resolved eat ly in life to carve out his own fortune. In order to accomplish anything, young Fraser knew that he must become equipped with an education. Schools in those days were sparse, and yet well con- ditioned ; and the best of such tuition as his purse afforded he was resolved to have, and have it he did. We are told that he did not hesitate to put his hand to any employment that was offered, and it was between the periods of such employment that he attended school. When a mere youth he was found employed in the office of the Brockville Recorder, working for a little salary, which he most carefully hoarded to use in his education. But even this honour able ambition, and all the dauntless industry could not have availed, had our subject been composed of the ordinary clod material. But no such composition was his. He was gif ed with altogether unusual mental alert- ness, and his utterances, when only a boy, were remarkable for their brilliancy, force and sometimes for their wit. When he had obtained what he deemed a sufficient educa- tion, the young man (this was about the year 1859) entered the office of the Hon. A. N. Richards, late lieutenant-governor of British Columbia, and began the study of the law. He was a hard-woiking student, and after passing a most creditable examination, was, in 1865, called to the bar. He set- tled down to the practice of his profession at Brockville, where a profitable business soon began to grow up around him. Most observant people about Brockville had the young man in mind when he came back from his studies to open a law office in their midst; and before he had been long with them in his new roZe, they began to perceive that his abilities were quite beyond the usual. But the young advocate was all this while fashioning out his own career for him- self. He had no sooner established himself fairly in his profession, than he betan to give attention to political questions. At the elec- tion of 1867 for the confederated provinces, he offered himself as a candidate for his native place, but was defeated by a narrow majority. Some years later he again present- ed himself for election, but was again defeat- ed. Later on our subject was to distinguish himself by taking a conspicuous part in the formation of what was known as the Roman catholic League. Roman catholics being in a minority in the province, Mr. Fraser judged that they would be more effective if united in a public body, when asking for certain rights, than if they remained discon- nected. This was a wise movement for the sake of the object stated, and a just one ; but it was also a very clever move, and since that day Mr. Fraser has come to be regarded as the political director of his co-religionists in Ontario. In 1871, Mr. Clark, w'ho had some time before defeated Mr. Fraser for South Grenville (in the Legislative Assembly) died ; and our subject, once again presented himself, and was returned at the head of the poll. His great abilities were at once recog- nized in the legislature, and a year later he was appointed Provincial Secretary and Reg- istrar. Ou appealing to his constituency for the usual ratitication of his acceptance of office he was elected by acclamation. He re- mained Provincial Secretary till 1874, in the Mowat administration, when he became Com- missioner of Public Works. This office he has since held, and he has taken from the first a commanding place in the legislature. He is ready, brilliant and powerful in de- bate, whether the question be an old one or one sprung upon him, and he is a man with whom the opponents never care to trifle. He is not malicious nor unkindly in his place upon the floor when attacking or de- fending, and one and all are delighted to sit and listen to him so long as he remains upon his feet ; for whether they agree with what he is saying or not, they are pleased with the fresh, vigorous, brilliant and manly way that he has of saying it. Overwork in these later years had told so upon h s constitution that it was feared he might have to lay aside the harness ; but we are glad to be able to say that there is now every ground to believe that a long career of usefulness and brilliant public service still remains before the Hon- ourable Christopher Finlay Fraser. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 137 M a cdo tig all, John Lorn, M.A., Auditor General tor the Dominion of Can- ada, Ottawa, is a native Canadian, though of Scotch descent. His father, John Lorn Mac- dougall, emigrated to this country in 1821, and was for some years connected with the Hudson's Bay Co., and subsequently settled in the Bathurst district. He was a man of considerable influence in his day, and for a short time represented Renfrew county in the Canadian Assembly. John Lorn was born in Renfrew in 1838, and was educa- ted at the High School, in Montreal, and entered the University of Toronto in 1855, where he distinguished himself by close ap- plica ion to study. He graduated in 18 9, carrying off a gold medal for mathematics, and a silver medal for modern languages. On his return home, he took an active part in municipal affairs, and served for some time as warden for his county ; and was also president of the South Renfrew Agricultu- ral Society. In 1867, he was chosen to rep- resent South Renfrew in the first Ontario Assembly ; and during the last two years of his term he was also a member of the House of Commons, but at the general election in 1872 he suffered defeat. However, in 1874, he succeeded in defeating his opponent, Mr. Bannerman, by a majority of seventy. He was unseated on petition, but on again appealing to the electors in 1875, he was re- elected, and once more took his seat in the House of Commons. Mr. Macdougall con- tinued to represent South Renfrew until August, 1878, when he was appointed by Mr. Mackenzie's government as auditor- general, in the room of Mr. Langton, who was superannuated. In religion Mr. Mac- dougall professes the Presbyterian faith. In politics, he is a Reformer, but now takes no part in political contests. In 1871 he married Miss Morris, daughter of Mr. P. Morris. Mr. Macdougall is a very painstak- ing officer, and tills the important post he •occupies to the satisfaction of all concerned. McMillan, Honourable Donald, M.D., Senator for the Dominion of Canada, Alexandria, Ontario, is a descendant of an old Scotch Catholic family of that name, known as the McMillan clan, of Falcon Grove, Glengarry, Inverness-shire, Scot- land, who emigrated to this country and settled in Glengarry, Ontario, in the earlier part of this century. Our subject was born in Glengarry, Ontario, on the 5th March, 1835. He is a son of Duncan McMillan and Mary Ogg McDonell. His mother, who is still alive, is a descendant of a good family, and on both sides his ancestors were true Jacobites, and fought for " Bonnie Prince Charlie/' Young McMillan received his early instruction at the hands of private tutors, and when he had acquired a g< od education, he repaired to Toionto to study medicine. He was very diligent at his studies, and passed a successful examin- ation, taking his M.D. at Toronto in 1865. Possessed of his diploma, he at once began the practice of his profession. He soon earned a repute for much skill and care- fulness, and with considerable rapidity a practice grew up. He now began to turn his attention to municipal matters, and in time sat as councillor for his native county, and subsequently as reeve. It may likewise be said that he is a J.P. and coroner for the united counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. On the 17th of November, 1857, he married Amy Ann, a daughter of A. Lewis, J.P., of Aylmer, Ontario. By this union there are eight children. In 1875 the Honourable D. A. Macdonald was appointed lieutenant-governor of Ontario, and this made vacant the representation of Glengarry in the House of Commons. At once our subject went into the field, but he suffered defeat by a small majority. He took the case to the courts, and unseated his opponent, Mr. McNab ; but on being again offered the nomination at the con- vention, he declined. Mr. John McLennan then received the nomination, and though not successful at that election, he ran again in 1878 and carried the county. Dr. Mc- Millan's influence and hard work for his party did much to gain this, and the subse- quent victories, for it will be remembered that the Reformers carried the county in 1872 by over 1,300, and in 1882 that ma- jority was turned into a minority of 223, when Mr. McMaster, the present member, was elected. Our subject is president of the St. Andrew's Society of Glengarry, and an honorary member of the Celtic Society of Montreal. His whole career has been one of unflagging industry, and his influence is felt in the community among which his lot has been cast. He has always been a con- stant, sound and highly-respected Conser- vative, and his party must always remain under deep obligation to him for generous and sturdy service. On the 11th of Jan- uary, 1884, he was called to the Senate, and all who have watched his career con- gratulated the government on their choice. Many years of usefulness, we hope and doubt not, yet remain to Mr. McMillan, and we may be certain that when ihe oppor- tunity arrives in the sphere to which he has 138 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF been called, and wisdom and practical and prudent counsels are desired, that the voice of Senator McMillan will not be silent. Our worthy subject is a member of the Roman catholic church. O'Connor, Daniel, Barrister, Ottawa, the subject of this sketch, was born at Ot- tawa, on the 25th of January, 1835 His father was Daniel O'Connor, who was born in Tipperary, Ireland, in 1796. He was a gentleman of considerable culture, and of strong literary inclinations. He embarked in a mercantile business in Clonmel, but after a time he retired and purchased a lieutenancy in the 1st Regiment of Light Infantry, organized to aid the South Ameri- can patriot service. He saw very much of the world, having travelled about 9,000 miles. He left a diary, and extracts which have come to light reveal that he had a clear and very just insight into character and questions. There is revealed a warm gene- rous heart, a love of things honourable and straightforward ; but a detestation of every- thing questionable or dishonourable. There is evidence too of very strong personal pre- judices. But every sentence written is the work of a man of culture ; of one who genuinely loved letters, and reverenced his art. After his travels he returned once again to his home at Farrinlare, and shortly afterwards married Miss Power, the daugh- ter of a neighbouring mill owner, and in 1826 the young couple emigrated to America. In 1827, after travelling through various states of the Union, he settled, with his family, consisting of himself, his wife and one child, at Nepean Point, afterwards By- town. Shortly after the arrival the second child was born, and this was the first birth in Bytown, the present City of Ottawa. Colonel By, the commanding engineer of the Rideau canal, welcomed Mr. O'Connor heartily, and made a gift of several town lots to the young visitor. Mr. O'Connor died on May 8th, 1858, and he was then the oldest magistrate in the county, and he was likewise the oldest militia officer in the 4th Carleton, his commission bearing date the 23rd of April, 1836. At the time of his decease he was major in this regiment. Un- der the Draper administration, in 1842, he was appointed treasurer of the County of Carleton, and this position he held till his death. He was for many years chairman of the grammar school board of the county, and, during the emigrant fever calamity of 1847, of the local board of health. In 1834 he was a candidate for the County of Russel, but was defeated by seven votes. At the time of his death he left seven children, of whom Daniel, the subject of this sketch, was the fourth. Young O'Connor first attended the grammar school, and completed his studies at the Ottawa college. In 1852 he began the study of the law, in the office of the late John Bower Lewis. In 1852 he was ad- mitted to practice as attorney and solicitor. For about eight years our subject was pro- fessionally connected with Mr. (now Judge) Robert Lyon, and subsequently with the late Daniel Wade. He is now head of the well-known legal firm of O'Connor & Hogg. Mr. O'Connor is said to be an extremely con- scientious and painstaking lawyer. Devot- ed to his profession, yet Mr. O'Connor has given a considerable amount of attention to political questions, and for many years has been president of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Ottawa. In 1878, on the ac- cession to power of the ministry of Sir John A. Macdonald, Mr. O'Connor was appointed to the very important office of solicitor for the Crown business at Ottawa. The St. Pat- rick's orphan asylum was established largely through Mr. O'Connor's instrumentality, and he was its vice-president during the years 1866-67-68 ; and he has since been its president. This charitable institution gives shelter to more than a hundred inmates in one year. Wherever there is a benevolent or charitable project, Mr. O'Connor is sure to be connected with it. It need hardly be said, that he is like his father, a Roman catholic. He married C itharine Charles- etta Willis, daughter of Win. R. Willis, formerly of New York city. By this union he has had six children. Dinnis, Richard, Toronto, was born in the village of St. Day, Cornwall, England, on the 18th of September, 1834. His parents were John Dinnis and Martha, whose maiden name was Foote, of England. Mr. Dinnis engaged in the business of founder and heavy iron worker in the town of Fal- mouth, Cornwall, and in this employment he continued until his death in 1854, leav- ing eight children. The subject of this sketch was the second youngest child. Rich- ard Dinnis received his education in a pri- vate school, in the town of Falmouth, under the well known William Eastman, one of the best private tutors of that section. Af- ter leaving school, at the age of fourteen, he was apprenticed to the building business carried on by the firm of Oliver & Sons, and remained with these gentlemen until 1856. Some time before this he had left the bench and became head clerk and manager for the firm. During that time Mr. Dinnis CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 139 studied architecture, so that it might be, in after years, of value in his building business. In 1856 he left the old country and landed in Toronto, with his wife, and engaged as bookkeeper and assistant with Mr. Pirn, then one of the best known con- tractors of the city. He remained with Mr. Pim one year, and then engaged with Worthington Bros., contractors, as their general manager, and with them he remained until 1865, when he went to Ohio, U. S., in the employ of Worthington & Robertson, as a railroad builder. In 1866 he returned to Toronto, and commenced business for himself in contracting and building. Mr. Dinnis has been engaged in the erection of some of the principal buildings of the city, among which are the University of Toronto, the Provincial Exhibition buildings, the Standard bank, and numerous other stately mansions and warehouses. Mr. Dinnis was engaged during the Trent affair, as a volunteer in No. 1 company, 10th Royals, and held a lieutenant's commission ; and he is president of the Toronto Telephone Man- ufacturing Company. He is a Mason, and pastmaster of Rehoboam Lodge No. 65 ; he also belongs to the Masonic Benevo- lent Board, and was Grand Worthy Coun- cillor of the Good Templars. Mr. Dinnis has been for years one of the foremost ad- vocates of temperance, believing that the widespread use of intoxicants is the greatest curse with which any land can be afflicted. Mr. Dinnis has been an extensive travel- ler, and he has been through most of the United States, and three times visited the chief places of interest in Great Britain. He is a Baptist in religion, and a conservative in politics. He was married on April 10th, 1856, to Miss Eliza Ann Chard, daughter of Mr. Arthur Chard, of Falmouth, England, and one of the most prominent gentlemen of that town. Mr. Dinnis has had seven children. Mr. Arthur Dinnis, a son of the subject of this sketch, assists his father in the office. Bell, William, Guelph.-William Bell, the head of the well-known firm of organ- builders at Guelph, Ontario, was born in Dumfries, Scotland, on September 5th, 1833. He is a son of William Bell, also of Dum- fries, Scotland, and of Mary, whose maiden name was Wateret. When old enough, young Bell was sent to school, attending the educational institutions in his native town. When he left school he was equip- ped with a sound English education ; for he was always a bright and a brilliant lad, and had turned his school days to good ac- count. Having completed his education, he must needs turn him to some em- ployment ; consequently, he mastered a trade, which he plied for some time ; but when he reached his twentieth year he re- solved that he would ascertain what fortune had in store for him in the new world. He arrived in Toronto, but made no lengthened stay in that city. To New York he was re- solved to go ; and here he remained till 1 864, during which year he paid a visit to his brother, who had begun the manufac- ture of organs and melodeons at Guelph, Canada. So allured was he with the pros- pect which the enterprize held out, that he took a partnership in the business, and re- mained in Guelph. After a little, his was the head that planned and the hand that directed the business. In time the brother retired, and the management came entirely into the hands of William. We have seen it stated that the Bell organ manufactory, like many another important undertaking,, had its origin in a very humble way. In 1865 the upper room in " a rickety build- ing on Windham Street was enough to meet the demand," while a couple of hands were all that was necessary to turn out the one complete organ each week. Very soon, however, the enterprise, with Mr. Bell's strong hand and soundly calculating head behind it, got out of its swaddling clothes. Not long thereafter there reared itself upon the site of the old factory a capacious and stately three-story brick building, equip- ped with every convenience for the trade to be carried on within its walls. In the newly equipped establishment there were turned out each month 100 organs ; and there were about 100 hands employed. In a little, Mr. Bell's instincts taught him to look to England for a market, and the result of the effort was splendid success. The editor avails himself of the following extracts re- specting Mr. Bell and his splendid factory, from Brianard's Musical World: " In 1881, being unable to obtain more room for extension at the old building, he decided on the erection of a second factory, and to occupy both. This idea, once formulated, was carried out with an energy, which showed the man to be equal to the emer- gency. The new building was erected at a cost of $35,000, from which an estimate can be formed of its dimensions. But the ac- quisition of room was not the only question considered in its construction. Architec- tural beauty was not lost sight of, and its basement walls of cut stone-above that the three-story pile of brick work, with the- 140 A CYCLOPEDIA OF whole surmounted by a mansard-make it ■one of the handsomest as well as one of the largest structures Guelph can boast of. Four large dials on the tower, which sur- mounts the central corner, announce the time of day to the neighbourhood and to passengers on the Grand Trunk Railway, the station of which company is quite con- tiguous to the factory. Both Mr. Bell's in- stitutions are now running to their full, and they have a capacity of turning out twenty- five complete organs per day. In short the .history of this trade has been development and success from the time of its inception. Now fifty different styles of instruments are made, varying from one valued at $100 to a large church organ, with double banks of keys and imitation pipes. The same su- perior finish is shown in all, both with re- spect to tone and appearance, and this is one secret of the success which Mr. Bell has achieved. While his organ now has secured the greatest part of the home trade, it is constantly gaining a large share of patron- age in foreign maikets. In one year over fifteen hundred instruments were shipped to England alone, and since then this has been increased to an average of a car load •every four days, which are sent direct to London, and thence distributed throughout the kingdom. Shipments are likewise sent regularly to Continental Europe, Australia, South America, the West Indies, India, Java, New Zealand, China, Mexico, Tasmania, South Africa, and even Japan has received her quota. In private life Mr. Bell is known as a genial-hearted man. In public life he has done much for the good of the commun- ity with whom he dwells, by employing a very large force of hands at good wages. In this he has been a public benefactor, and the results of his beneficence are visible in the comfortable, happy homes of many of his workmen. The regard in which he is held by his fellow-citizens is shown by his election for several years to the School Board, of which he is now a valued mem- ber. He is also a prominent member of the local Board of Trade, and in this ca- pacity he has been instrumental in securing many advantages for the royal city of Guelph. Having done his share of hard work, he now endeavours to find more time for leisure, and in order to do this the bet- ter he has taken in as partners his son, W. J. Bell and A. W. Alexander. [The former has been for seven years closely connected with the business and whose special duty is to do the foreign trading and look after the •export business generally. This young man has been in nearly every foreign country, and has just returned from the South Pacific, and is preparing to go to England to take charge of their European branch in London], Mr. Bell is vice-president of the Traders' Bank and director of the North American Assurance Company. He is a member of the Presbyterian church ; and has been for twenty-two years a Freemason. He married in 1861 Isabella M. Christie, and by this lady has had two children. Fuller, Thomas, Chief Architect of the Department of Public Works, Ottawa, was born at Bath, England, in 1823, and there he was educated. Upon leaving school he was articled to an architect in Bath, and subsequently pursued his studies in several architectural studios in London. The first work of importance entrusted to Mr. Fuller's care was the erection of a cathedral at An- tigua, West Indies, to replace the old build- ing destroyed by the earthquake. On its completion, he returned to England, and practised his profession at Bath and Clifton for some years, during which several build- ings were erected from his designs in that neighbourhood, and also in Wales. Believ- ng, however, that better opportunities ex- isted in the new world, he came to Canada in 1857, and settled in Toronto, commenc- ing the practice of his profession in part- nership with Mr. Chilion Jones, of that city. In 1859, in the competition for the parlia- ment and departmental buildings and gover- nor's residence at Ottawa, their design for the Parliament building was adopted, and the second premium was awarded them for their designs for the Departmental build- ings, and Governor's residence. Mr. Fuller then removed to Ottawa, and remained there until 1867, when in the competition for the new capitol for the State of New York, at Albany, his design was one of the three to which equal premiums were awarded ; and in the second competition, to which the three were invited, Mr. Augustus Laver, one of the three (who was one of the architects of the Departmental buildings at Ottawa), agreed to associate himself with Mr. Fuller, and prepare a joint design, which was ulti- mately adopted. Shortly after this, in the competition for the new city hall and courts at San Francisco,Cal., the designs of Messrs. Fuller and Laver were adopted. Thereupon Mr. Laver left for that city, and Mr. Fuller remained in New York State until 1881, when he returned to Ottawa, and on the 9th of December of that year was appointed to his present position, Chief Architect of the Dominion. While the service cannot but re- CANARIA N BIO GRA PHY. 141 joice to have at its disposal the skill of an architect so eminent as Mr. Fuller, yet his retirement to official life maybe regarded as a loss to architecture. It is not necessary to point to his design of the Parliament buildings, for the fusion of strength, beauty and utility, in that beautiful design is plain to every intelligent person who has looked upon the structure. Hardly less warm com- mendation, it is said, does the design for the capitol at New York State deserve. Mr. Fuller married in 1853 a daughter of W. Green, Esq., J.P., by whom he has had three children. lias sue, Louis Huet, M. P. for Rich- elieu, was b »rn at Varennes, on the 3rd November, 1828 ; and is descended from a very ancient family of Orleans. He is a son of the late Aime Massue, Seigneur of St. Ainffi, who represented the County of Vercheres, in the Legislative Assembly, about 1810, by Celeste, nee Richard. Young Massue was educated at St. Hyacinthe col- lege, and he is described as having been a brilliant lad at school. He married at Quebec in 1850, Esther, daughter of the late Colonel Perrault, and grand-daughter of the late F. X. Perrault, for many years prothonotary of the district of Quebec. M. Massue is a farmer, and has made him- self familiar with the principles of scien- tific farming, and his influence is marked among many agriculturists in his native province. He has been for the last six years president of the Council of Agriculture for the Province of Quebec ; and it may be said that he has been connected with all the movements towards improved and scientific farminz, and he has likewise had to do with the Cochrane ranches. He has travelled through the United States, and while there, made accurate and wide observation re- specting agricultural pursuits, and upon his return he made reports to the Council of Agriculture of his province. He has been concerned with the purchase and improve- ment of the exhibition grounds in Montreal. He visited the agricultural colleges at Michigan, U.S., and at Guelph, in Ontario, and pressed upon the government of Quebec the desirability of establishing similar schools. M. Massue is a suciesstul farmer himself, but much of his great energy and abilities have been spent towards better- ing the system of farming throughout his province. Farming, M. Massue regards as a science, and as a science he wishes his province to regard and to practice it. It requires just a tew more apostles of im- proved aguculture, like M. Massue, in other parts of Canada, to lift farming from the plane of stupid drudgery to the place that it should hold. Our subject has a con- siderable military career to look bacK upon. He is a major in the volunteer force, and was sent to Amherstburg in 1865, in com- mand of a detachment, and he remained there from the 27th of April till the 3id of July. He was at St. Johns, Province of Quebec, as junior major of the battalion ; and in the same year he was sent to La- chine in command of a detachment. This was at the time when we were threatened with a second Fenian raid. M. Massue was vice-president of the Bank of Jacques Cartier in 1878-79, and is a director of the Credit Foncier du Bas Canada. He is a staunch liberal-conservative, and a con- sistent and able advocate of protection. He succeeded Sir Adolphe Caron as whip of the party, and is a highly respected member of the House of Commons, and is very popular through his own district and through the pro- vince of Quebec. He is genial and polite in address. In religion he is a Roman catholic. Hogg, William Drummond, Otta- wa, Barrister-at-law, was born in the town of Perth, County of Lanark, Ont., on the 29th February, 1848. His father was David Hogg, a son of Lieutenant John Hogg, of the Royal artillery, a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, who as an officer, took part at the siege of Copenhagen, at the battle of the Pyramids, battle of the Nile, etc. David H >gg emigrated to Canada in 1832, and was one of the pioneer settlers of the town of Perth, where for muiy years he carried on a large furniture manufacturing business. He died in 1882. His mother was Isabella Inglis, who was a native of Clackmauan, Scotland, and came to Canada in 1831, and settled with her relatives in Lanark village, County Lanark. Mrs. Hogg was of the H ill family there, whose branches now extend to many parts of Ontario-Peterborough, Sar- nia, Brookville. Perth, etc. She died in 1881. Our subject was educated at the high school, Per'h, pursuing a course of general studies. He commenced the study of the law in the office of E. G. Malloch, coun- ty crown attorney, Perth, and afterwards spent several years in the office of Paterson, Bain & Paterson, of Toronto. He was called to the bar at Hilary term, 1874. Mr. Hogg was for many years connected with temper- ance societies, and at one time held all the offices in the order of the Sons of Temperance. He is a member of St. Andrew's Society, Ot- tawa, and for many years was solicitor for the society. In 1832 he made an extended 142 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF tour through Manitoba and the North-West, being at this time interested in lands in that part of the Dominion. Mr. Hogg was brought up a Presbyterian, but he is not a member of any church. He believes that the Christian religion, although it has not accomplished all it might be supposed cap- able of, is the only religious system worthy the name of a religion. He was married on September 14th, 1875, to Louisa Agnes Rat- tray, third daughter of the late Dr. Charles Rattray, of Cornwall, Ontario. After ad- mission to the bar, in 1874, Mr. Hogg be- came a partner with Daniel O'Connor, of Ottawa, barrister-at-law, and has continued to practice with him under the firm name of O'Connor & Hogg since that time. Dur- ing the last few years he has been engaged before the Supreme and Exchequer courts at Ottawa, on behalf of the Crown, in a number of important cases, involving both prerogative and constitutional questions. Amongst such cases were the now some- what celebrated ones of Doutre. vs. the Queen, and MacLean vs. the Queen. Our subject was led to the study of law by the accidental circumstance of reading, when a boy, the life of the Honourable William Wirt, once attorney-general of the United States, whose career attracted his mind to the profession to which a man of such high moral character and great ability belonged. The late lamented James Bethune, Q.C., was married to Mr. Hogg's wife's sister, and for many years he had the great pleasure of being the intimate friend of that brilliant lawyer. Through his father, our subject is a relative of the "Ettrick Shepherd," the great Scottish poet, James Hogg. He has never taken any active interest or part in politics, but he believes in the efficacy of our colonial position, with the present form of government of the country. Patterson, Rev. Ephraim, M.A., R.D., Stratford, the subject of this sketch, was born in 1826, in the neighbourhood of Perth, County of Lanark, then a portion of the old Bathurst district. His father, George Patterson, was a native of the town of Perth, Scotland. He came to Canada in 1814 with his regiment, the 37th Regiment Foot, and took part in the struggle then' going on with the United States. Before coming to Canada, he served with his regiment in the Peninsular war. With his wife Ann Mari- gold, a native of the city of Worcester, Eng- land, he settled at Perth, Ont., in 1816, when the site of that town was a forest. Our sub- ject was educated at the Perth Grammar Schoo], where he passed through a full classical and mathematical course of study. From 1845 to 1849 he studied theology at the Diocesan Theological College, Cobourg, then under the management of Rev. Dr. Bethune, late Bishop of Toronto. While pursuing his studies at that institution, he gained on one occasion the " Kent Testi- monial " prize for a theological essay, and stood first amongst the candidates for dea- con's orders in the examination held at Co- bourg, in 1849. He was ordained to the diaconate by Bishop Strachan in 1849, and was appointed curate of Cobourg, and clas- sical tutor to the second division of theo- logical students. In 1850 he was advanced to the priesthood, and appointed missionary at Portsmouth and Wolfe Island, in the County of Frontenac In 1851 he removed to Stratford, having been appointed pastor of St. James' Church in that town, the in- cumbency of which he has held from that time to the present, a period of thirty-four years. He received the appointment of rural dean of the County of Perth, from Bishop Hellmuth. Having passed the B.A. examination at Trinity College, Toronto, he was admitted to that degree, and subse- quently received'The degree of M.A. from that University. In 1857 he took a prom- inent part in the controversy that arose between the friends of Dr. Cronyn and Dr. Bethune, in relation to the election to the first bishopric of the Huron Diocese, and in this controversy he exhibited a singu- larly effective and sound style of argument. For many years he was chairman of the Perth County Board of Grammar School Trustees, and of the County Board of Pub- lic Instruction for the granting of teachers' certificates of qualification. He was also repeatedly appointed by the county council as local superintendent of schools for several townships in the county, and public school inspector for the town of Stratford, by the Board of Education. The latter position he resigned in 1872, owing to the increasing pressure of parochial work. In 1852 he was married to Jane Wauchope, youngest daughter of Donald Mackenzie, Esq, form- erly of Ottawa. Mr. Patterson is a devoted churchman and a tireless worker, and is gifted with very able intellectual parts. Steckel, Louis Joseph Rene, Chief Clerk, Engineering Branch of the Public Works Department, Canada, was born on September 5, 1844, at Wintzenheim, Upper Rhine, Alsace, France. He is the third son of George Louis Rene Steckel, of Benfeld, Alsace, notary public, who was for many years assistant mayor of Wintzenheim, also CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 143 c/ie/ de bataillon of the National Guard of France, and Madeline Eugenie Scholer, of Laufen, Canton Berne, Switzerland. The family came to Quebec city in August, 1857, but left Canada for the Western States in the fall of 1858. Our subject returned to Quebec in the spring of 1860. His father was born August 20, 1814, and is the youngest son of the late Jean Rene Steckel, surgeon, of Benfeld, and Marie Genevieve Scholer, of Huningen, Alsace, who was his second wife. His grandfather was Jean Rene Steckel, who served as surgeon in the French regular army, and also in the Garde Nationale. He was on duty with the regi- ment around the scatfold at the execution of Robespierre, and took part, under the cele- brated General Moreau, in the battle of Zurich in 1799, against the Russians under Souwarov, and in that of Hohenlinden in 1800 against the Austrians. His first wife was the late Marie Gabrielle Muller, daugh- ter of the late Barthelemi Muller, notary and bourgmestre of Benfeld, and sister of the late Colonel Charles Muller, who was created a baron by Napoleon the First. The mother of our subject was born on No- vember 4, 1817, and was a daughter of the late Francis Constantine Scholer, notary public, and the late Mary Ann Ricklin, both of Laufen, Switzerland. Her father was a wealthy owner of real estate, including several mills and a bathing establishment. Previous to his marriage he had acted for several years as secretary to his cousin, the late M. Bacher, who was then ambassador of France to the confederation of the Rhine at 1 rankfort, under the first French empire. .The grandfather Scholer at one time repre- sented the district of Laufen in the Federal Council of Switzerland at Berne, and his son Louis Scholer was also elected several times to represent that district in the said council. Our subject was educated in the French and German languages,and taught the rudiments of drawing, geometry, etc., in the cantonal schools of Benfeld. He acquired a know- ledge of English at Quebec and in the west- tern states by private tuition. He showed always great aptitude for drawing and mathematics, and he loved music ; and was a member of the church choir, playing the piccolo in the school band. He applied himself strongly to master the sciences which are necessary for civil engineers and architects to be versed in, as civil engineer- ing and architecture were the professions which he felt most inclined to follow. He was admitted to the study of land surveying in Lower Canada on the 8th of May, 1858, after passing the ordinary examination. He followed lectures given in Laval University on natural philosophy, chemistry, geology and botany in 1860 and 1862. After his re- turn to Canada from the western states, he continued his professional studies in the office of Charles Baillarge, the eminent engi- neer and architect, who is now city engineer of Quebec, and president of the Board of Examiners for land surveyors of Lower Canada, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and Knight of the order of St. Sauveur de Monte Reale, Italy, etc. He was employed as draughtsman, etc., on the Gaspe and Guif Shore Road surveys ordered by the Public Works department of the old Province of Canada in 1861 and 1862, He furnished Mr. Charles Bail- large in 1862 several new and elegant geo- metrical solutions of difficult problems in land surveying, besides other novel geome- trical propositions, which he published in 1866 in his treatise on geometry, trigonome- try, etc. He was appointed draughtsman on the Public Buildings, Ottawa, April 26th, 1863, under John Page, the then chief engineer of Public Works. He was per- manently appointed to the dominion de- partment of Public Works, in the engineer- ing branch, on the 1st January, 1870. He assisted George Frederick Baillarge, civil engineer, who is now deputy minister of the Public Works department, from 1870 to 1873, in the extensive surveys made by him on the isthmus of Chignecto for the projected Baie Verte canal from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Bay of Fundy, and also in connection with many other harbour and river works carried out in various parts of the dominion. He was appointed assistant engineer on the outside service of the Public Works department, August 4th, 1873. He surveyed several lines for the projected Cedars Canal on the north s'>ore of the St. Lawrence, between Lakes St. Francis and St. Louis, from 1873 to 1875, and in 1876 the River St. Charles estuary, etc., in con- nection with the improvements which are being carried out on a large scale in that part of the harbour of Quebec and the new graving dock at Levis. He superintended the construction of the models of the new locks of the enlarged dominion canals which were sent by the Canadian Government to the Paris International Exhibition of 1877. The Public Works department was awarded a diploma of honour for these and other ex- hibits. He was appointed chief clerk of the engineering branch in the department of Public Works 1st July, 1880. He carried 144 A CYCLOPEDIA OF on, under instructions from the chief en- gineer, H. F. Perley, in 1881 and 1882, extensive hydrographic surveys of the St. Lawrence ship channel between Quebec and Cap h la Roche ; also in 1883 and 1884 geodetic levelling operations of precision along the rivers Richelieu and St. Law- rence, from Lake Champlain towards tide water in the gulf. The results of these sur- veys may be used with confidence, both for engineering and scientific purposes. He became a member of the Institut Canadien Frangais d'Ottawa, October 5th, 1865, being the first public officer admitted, and he has uninterruptedly kept up his connection with that institute to the present day. He was prominently connected with the Ottawa Musical Union from 1863 to 1865 as flutist and librarian, and he acted as conductor of the choir in the Cathedral of Ottawa from 1865 to 1867. In 1868 he made a three months' tour through England, France, Switzerland and Germany. He is a Roman catholic, and has never given much atten- tion to purely political matters. He married on June 25th, 1873, Catherine O'Connor, youngest daughter of the late Daniel O'Con- nor and the late Margaret Power, both na- tives of the County of Tipperary, Ireland, and among the first settlers of old Bytown, founded in 1827, now the City of Ottawa. At his death, 1858, Mr. O'Connor was the oldest magistrate in the County of Carleton, also the oldest militia officer in the 4th Ca leton, holding the rank of major in this regiment. His wife is a sister of Mrs. Friel, who is the first-born within the limits of the pr< sent city of Ottawa, and widow of the late mayor, H. J. Friel, of Ottawa. Wagner, Joseph, Gab, the subject of this sketch, «as born in Eich, Germany, in the year 1832. His father was Adam Wagner, and this gentleman, who had six chi dren, left his native land in 1846, and taking passage with his wife Catherine and family, settled in Buffalo, New York state. Ihtre is no element in the United States, or in any of the colonies that more contri- butes towaids a solid, frugal and valuable community than the German, and this fact receives abundance of testimony in some of the most thriving agricultural districts in the United States and Canada, where the German population predominates ; and in the arts and manufactures of the cities, too, this is not L ss conspicuous. The father of ihe subject of our sketch exhibited well the chai act eristics of his people, and kept Joseph at school till he obtained education enough for business pursuits. At the age of fifteen he began to learn the trade of tanning, and worked for some time in the City of Buffalo. In 1861, however, he re- solved to try his fortune in Canada, and crossing the line, he went to Brantford,, where he remained for a s' ort time, and then removed to Dundas. After close upon two years he went to Galt, where he engaged in the tanning business with the late John Davidson, and subsequently entered into* co-partnership with Mr. David Spiers, ex- mayor of Galt. His quick, accurate in- sight, and his inherent spirit of enterprise soon convinced him that he could make his way alone, so he dissolved partnership, and opened a business for himself in the manufacture of fine grades of leather, com- prising morocco and fancy leathers. From the first his business, owing to his clear head, and excellent methods, began to grow apace, and in 1882 he took with him into* partnership his son, Theodore Joseph Wag- ner, a young gentleman who gives evidence of the same superior qualifications that make the father conspicuous in business circles, and who attends to the books, and superintends the general business of the firm. He is quick and practical, and al- ready has achieved a large share of popu- larity. But Joseph Wagner does not con- fine his attention solely to his own busi- ness, and for his own exclusive benefit. He has always been anxious to see public affairs efficiently and honestly7 managed, and perceiving this, the town-folk were desirous that he should represent them in some public capacity, therefore he was advised to allow himself to be put in nomi- nation for the town councillorship, and consenting to do so. he was elected in 1885. The same qualities that he exhibited to such advantage m the management of his private affairs, were not lacking when he took his seat at the council Mr. Wagner is a staunch and respected member of the Roman catholic church. In politics h< ap- proves of the measures of Sir John Mac- donald, believing that the national policy opeiates in the interests of the community at large. He was married first, in 1858, to Miss Madeline Demnier, of Buffalo, US.; but this lady died in 1873, leaving two children, of whom Theodore is one. He married again Miss Elizabeth Hays, of Guelph, by whom he has had three chil- dren. In social qualities Mr. Wagner is all that one would desire, being kind and large-hearted, and showing that friendly German spirit which characterizes the iace with all those he comes in contact with. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 145 Anderson, Thomas Ogilvy, the subject of this sketch, is one of the young men to whom Toronto is really indebted for pushing its dry goods trade. Mr. Ander- son was born at Brechin, Forfarshire, Scot- land, on the 2nd of April, 1849, and re- ceived his education in the parish school. On leaving this institution, he entered a lawyer's office, not, however, with the in- tention of studying law, but simply with the view of acquiring more knowledge, and in this position he remained for three years. Then, like many of his young countrymen, he was seized with the desire to travel, and resolved to visit America, and he landed in Montreal in 1867, and resolved to make that city his home for some time. On his arrival there, young Anderson found a re- lation of his carrying on a large wholesale dry-goods business,-the head of the firm of Ogilvy & Co.,-and he was soon installed as one of his clerks. Mr. Anderson devoted all his energies to this new sphere of opera- tions, and soon rose in the estimation of his employers. The business began to assume large proportions, and it was ultimately de- cided, to meet the growing trade in Ontario, to open a branch establishment in the City of Toronto. Accordingly in 1871 this idea was carried out, and Mr. Anderson, though then only twenty-one years of age, was ap- pointed the asssistant-manager. Since then business has grown immensely, and our Brechin lad-having been taken into part- nership in 1877-is now one of the leading and most public spirited mercantile men in the " Queen City of the West." Mr. Ander- son is an active member of the Board of Trade ; is a member of the St. Andrew's Society ; and being a keen curler, is a member of the Granite Curling Club. In politics Mr. Anderson is a Reformer, and fails to see, when everything is considered, that the country has gained anything by the national policy. In religion he is of the Presbyterian faith. Mr. Anderson married in 1874, the eldest daughter of the Rev. William Inglis. Macdougall, Dougall, Berlin, On- tario, was born in the City of Glasgow, the commercial capital of Scotland, in the year 1828. Although by birth a Lowlander, he is a true Celt, as both his parents were High- landers from Argyleshire. Mr. Macdou- gall's father was a member of the ancient and powerful clan whose name he bore. His mother was a native of Glenorchay, in Eastern Argyleshire, once the home of the warlike Macgregors. For generations back Mrs. Macdougall's ancestral relations follow- ed the profession of arms. Several of them occupied high rank as officers in the British army, and served with marked distinction under Wellington in the Peninsula and in other parts of the world. Mr. Macdougall's father came to this country, and arrived in the Province of Quebec at a time when it was in a most primitive condition, and privations and hardships were the lot of every adventurous settler. He remained for a time on the banks of the Chateauguay river, where Mr. Macdougall, then a boy of seven years, acquired a fair knowledge of the French dialect as spoken in the district. His father removed from there to Toronto, where he went into business. There the subject of this sketch received such an education as could be had at the best schools of the time. He applied himself to his studies with the zeal and perseverance for which he is distinguished, and, being fond of books and a great reader, he made the best of his time. His father died when he was about sixteen years of age. By this event he was thrown upon his own resour- ces. This circumstance in his case was not without its advantages. It strengthened his natural spirit of self-reliance, and inspir- ed him with much of that strong determin- ation and decision of character which were so often evinced in a marked degree in his subsequent career, and which singles him out as a self-made man in the fullest sense of the word. Having manifested, when quite young, a preference for the printing business, he secured for himself a situation in what was then the leading publishing house of Toronto, that of Rowsell & Thomp- son. There he made himself the practical master of the " art preservative " in all its branches, an acquisition that in those days was indispensable to any one who looked forward to embarking on his own account in any newspaper enterprise. After he ac- quired a knowledge of printing, he looked about him for a favourable opening in that line of business ; but, as the time was un- propitious and his means very limited, he commenced to write for the newspaper press, a taste for which he evinced while in the service of his late employers. At this period of the newspaper press of Can- ada, no one could contribute to it without being irresistibly drawn into the politics of the day. Although he acquired a know- ledge of the art of printing in connection with a Conservative journal, his mind was early imbued with liberal sentiments, and the high-handed way in which public affairs were carried on by the Family Compact 146 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF of that time, made him a confirmed re- former. Mr. Macdougall continued to take a lively interest in the political questions of the day, and he, along with Peter Perry, the father of the present registrar of the County of Ontario, was mainly instrumen- tal in getting up several influential deputa- tions of independent yeomen, who visited Montreal, then the capital of the province, and by their addresses and presence strengthened the hands of the representative of the sovereign, Lord Elgin, who was se- verely denounced by the conservatives for having given his sanction to the " Rebellion Losses Bill. " Mr. Macdougall's first attempt at journalism was the starting of a family paper. It was ably conducted and met with considerable success ; but the time for such an enterprise had not yet arrived. Mr. Macdougall disposed of his journal, and turned his attention to political journal- ism, almost exclusively. He for a time contributed occasional articles to the Toron- to press. He then became connected with the Hamilton Journal and Express, where his articles attracted marked attention. He subsequently removed to Belleville, County of Hastings, where he became the editor and joint owner of the Hastings Chronicle. There his services in the cause of reform and good government were highly appre- ciated by the Reform party. About the year 1855 he undertook the editorial man- agement of the Kent Advertiser, which was published in the flourishing town of Chat- ham. While there he rendered most valu- able service to his party, both by his pen and personal exertions, in numerous political campaigns. He was subsequently offered a favourable opening in Berlin, the county town of Waterloo. The county is one of the most populous and flourishing in the Dominion, settled chiefly by Scotch and old country and Pennsylvania Germans. Upon Mr. Macdougall leaving Chatham he was tendered a public ovation, and presented by the leading gentlemen of the county with a very flattering address. At Berlin he assumed the editorial management and pro- prietorship of the Berlin Telegraph and Ger- man Canadian, the former an English and the latter a German newspaper; both of which he carried on successfully until he retired from the press. Previous to such retirement he was presented with a splen- did gold watch and chain, accompanied by a flattering address signed by the leading reformers of the County of Waterloo, in acknowledgment of the valuable service he had rendered to his party and to the county. In all these spheres of arduous and harass- ing labour (for the life of a faithful journal- ist is seldom anything else), Mr Macdougall was ever an active and earnest worker in the political ranks with which he had early identified himself. He was no less ready by speech, than with his pen, and during his long connection with the press, extend- ing over a period of nearly thirty years, took an honourable and useful part in the party struggles in the western province of the Dominion. Many old reformers in the County of Hastings, but especially in the counties of Kent, Essex and Waterloo, will long remember his incisive and pungent advocacy of the principles of his party, and his stirring appeals on behalf of their com- mon cause. Having the reputation of being a shrewd and discerning politician, he has enjoyed continuously a large share of the esteem and confidence of the leaders of the liberal party. In 1859, Mr. Macdougall materially assisted Mr. Gillespie, then editor of the Hamilton Spectator, in establishing the Canadian Press Association. In 1862 he was elected president of that Association, and afterwards made one of its honorary life members. In 1864 he severed his long and active connection with the press. He in that year received from the late Hon. Sandfield Macdonald, who was then prime minister, his appointment to the registrar- ship of the County of Waterloo, an office which he still holds, as an appropriate re- ward of his past public services, which were generally acknowledged, by journals of both sides of politics, as being well deserved. In 1875 the Mackenzie government ap- pointed a commission to represent the Dominion at the Philadelphia Exposition, of which the late Hon. L. Letellier de St. Just was ex-officio president. Associated with him were the late Hon. Senator Penny, Montreal ; the Hon. Senator Wilmot, and Mr. D. Macdougall. Mr. Wilmot sub- sequently retired from the commission, and the Hon. Mr. Letellier being appointed lieutenant-governor of Quebec, the Hon. C. A.. Pelletier, Minister of Agriculture, was selected to fill his place. The Hon. Mr. Penny and Mr. Macdougall were the two active and working members of the commission, on whose shoulders the work and responsibility of the undertaking rested. On receiving formal intimation that the commission had concluded its labours, the Hon. C. A. Pelletier, Minister of Agri- culture for the Dominion, sent an official letter to each of the commissioners, con- veying the warmest thanks of the govern- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 147 ment for the earnest and indefatigable man- ner in which he discharged his official duties. Accompanying each letter was a morocco case, containing a large and handsome Do- minion gold medal, and a short address finely engrossed on parchment. Mr. Mac- dougall was also made the recipient of a handsome bronze medal from the United States Centennial Commission, accompanied by a complimentary letter, engrossed on parchment. And, as an evidence of the success which attended the labours of Mr. Macdougall and his colleagues, Lord Duf- ferin, the then Governor-General, when replying to a congratulatory address, pre- sented to him at Ottawa, on his return from the Exhibition, made a most pleasing refer- ence to them ; and also sent a letter ad- dressed to the Hon. Mr. Penny, in which he congratulated the commissioners on the success which had attended their efforts, and requested that his personal thanks be tendered to Mr. Macdougall for his atten- tion to his lordship during his stay in Phila- delphia. In his political retirement Mr. Macdougall has taken undiminished interest in all concerns in the district in which he resides. He has heartily identified himself with its educational interests, has several times filled the position of chairman of the High School Board of Trustees, and in every way has used his influence to help on every good and philanthropic objector movement, there or wherever else he could be of ser- vice. From his well-known ability, energy and integrity of character, he possesses and will always retain in a large degree popular respect and confidence. Mr. Macdougall is still in the prime of life and in the ordinary course of things has many years of continued public and private usefulness before him. Clements, Mathew, was born in Little York, now Toronto, in 1826. His parents were John Clements and Jane Barr, daugh- ter of the late William Barr, of Omagh, in the County of Tyrone, Ireland. Mr. John Clements was a farmer, and in 1823 came to Canada and settled in Cornwall. In 1825 he removed to Little York, where he remained until 1831. Once more he re- moved, then to the township of Trafalgar, in the County of Halton, and settled on a farm within a mile of Milton, now the county town, and remained there until his death, which occurred on the 21st February, 1873, greatly lamented by all his neighbours. He was known as a zealous Christian and an upright man. Mrs. Clements is still alive, and enjoys good health. By mar- riage Mr. Clements had a family of ten children, and the subject of this sketch was the eldest. Mr. William Clements, the second son, is deputy sheriff under Mr. Mathew Clements. Mathew received a common school education, and after leaving school went to farming, in the township of Trafalgar, where he remained for thirty-one years. In 1882, he removed to the town of Milton, and was appointed sheriff of the county in the same year, and this position he still continues to hold. Mr. Clements was an assessor for eleven years for the township, and in 1868 was elected council- man for the township. This office he held for two successive years, and in 1870 was elected deputy reeve, which office he re- tained until the year 1875. In this year he was elected reeve of the township, remain- ing reeve until 1881 ; during this period he was warden of the county for two years. In 1882 he was, as we have already seen, appointed sheriff of the County of Halton, and in 1854 he was appointed a justice of the peace. In religion he is a Methodist and in politics an advanced Reformer. Progress has ever been his motto. Mr. Clements held for several years the secretaryship of the Halton division of the Grange Lodge. Mr. Clements married, in 1853, Margaret Orr, daughter of the late Andrew Orr, of the township of Trafalgar. They have three children, two sons and one daughter. He is a strong advocate of temperance, and a supporter of the Scott Act and its aims. MacIntyre, Timinas Macfarlane, M.A., LL.B., Brantford, Principal of the Ladies' College, is a Canadian by birth, but his parents came to this country from Argyleshire, Scotland. His mother was Margaret, wee Carswell, and his maternal grandmother was a Macfarlane. The sub- ject of this sketch was born in the year 1841, in the township of Orford, County of Kent, and having obtained a good education in the village school, he prepared himself for the profession of teaching. His first school was at Port Glasgow, in the County of Elgin ; and his second was the village school at Duart. He continued his studies in the Grammar School at Wardsville, which was under the headmastership of the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell, B.D. In 1864 he entered the Belleville Seminary, then affiliated with the Toronto University, with the view of taking the University course. He passed his second year in the University in 1866, and in the following year, Albert College having obtained university powers, he be- came a charter graduate in arts of that in- stitution. It was his intention to prosecute 148 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF still further his mathematical studies, which were his favourite pursuits at that time, but was offered the position of adjunct professor in mathematics in the college, which position he accepted. In addition to the work of the mathematical department, Professor Macintyre devoted himself closely to the study of the modern languages and history, and the latter department was placed under his charge during the third year of his professorship. In 1870 he re- ceived the appointment of headmaster of the Bowmanville High School, and in 1872 that of the Ingersoll High School. His re- ligious training was obtained in a strict Presbyterian home. He was largely influ- enced by the godly life of a most intelligent, pious and devoted mother, who is still liv- ing. For many years Mr. Macintyre had a view to the ministry, and in 1878 was mak- ing arrangements to take a theological course, when he was called to fill the im- portant position of principal of the Presby- terian Ladies' College in Brantford, On- tario, which position he still holds. In this year he obtained his degree of LL.B. Under his wise administration, this institu- tion has become favourably known for its elevated standard, and the thoroughness of its achievements in the higher education of women. When the Toronto University made provision for the holding of local ex- aminations for women, this college at once availed itself of the advantages afforded. The principal has taken a deep interest in all the educational questions of the day, and has been a strong advocate of a provin- cial university, with federated colleges, com- bining and preserving both state and de- nominational interests. As a teacher he stands deservedly high. Principal Macin- tyre is one of the few successful men who have remained in the profession, and have risen to occupy the prominent places avail- able to talent in the profession. He is in the strictest sense a student. Whilst he has devoted much attention to philosophical subjects, his systematic reading, since 1868, has been in the department of history and early English. His method of teaching history is essentially the topical, giving special prominence to dramatic unity. He has one of the best selected historical lib- raries in the country. In 1883 he visited Great Britain and the continent, having in view the places of historic interest. As a public lecturer, Principal Macintyre has gained a high reputation. His lectures on Lord Nelson, Culloden, Cromwell, Imperial Federation, the Moor in Spain, and others, give evidence of his grasp of historical subjects, and his power to give a vivid setting to the thoughts and actions that have influenced men and nations. He was married in 1870 to the second daughter of the late Robert Walker, of East Whitby. Robert Walker was one of the early settlers in Whitby, well known and highly esteemed. In politics he was a staunch Liberal, and frequently urged to become the peoples' representative in parlia- ment, but resolutely refused to enter into political life. There are now living many who can remember the valuable services which, in his day, he ably rendered. He died in 1870 at the early age of 56. Princi- pal Macintyre, is in the prime of life, is an earnest student, and is blessed with a sound constitution, and has prospects before him of increased usefulness, and of attaining still higher distinction in his chosen depart- ment of work. Lackner, Dr. Henry G., of the town of Berlin, Ontario, was born on the 25th day of December, 1851, at Hawksville, in the township of Wellesley, Waterloo county, Ontario. His ancestors were very worthy German people, and his parents came from Baden, Germany, in 1839. Arriving in Canada they wended their way to the town- ship of Wellesley, where William Lackner, the father of our subject,undertook farming. But he did not farm in the plodding way, and upon a mediocre scale. In due time he became a thriving and leading agricul- turist, and besides his success in this way, engaged himself largely in stock-raising. The old homestead now contains nearly four hundred acres of the finest agricultural land in Ontario. Our subject's father has been the holder of several municipal and other public offices in the township and county. His son, Henry George, attended the public school until the age of fourteen years, when he obtained a scholarship at matriculation examination at the Berlin Grammar School. He attended this institution for two years, when he commenced the profession of teach- ing. He taught two of the best public schools in the county, from 1868 to 1872 inclusive. Subsequently he attended the Toronto School of Medicine for four years, and in 1876 he obtained his license from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Ont., by passing an honorary examination. He also graduated in medicine at the Toronto University. In the same year he obtained the degree of M.B. with honours, and took the Starr gold medal and the first Univer- sity silver medal (1876). He at once com- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 149 menced practice of his profession in the town of Berlin in 1876, and has been there ever since in practice. Every young prac- titioner finds difficulty in building up his practice, and in the beginning the same labour awaited our subject; but he was persistent, and he had his heart in his work, and now he enjoys high repute for profes- sional skill, and has established for himself a most valuable practice. He was appointed physician to the House of Industry and Re- fuge for the county of Waterloo (1881), and medical health officer for the town of Berlin in 1884. He holds both of these positions at this time. In religion he is a member of the Lutheran Church. He mar- ried in 1880 Helen A. Mackie, eldest daughter of John A. Mackie, J.P., who is at present the oldest established general merchant in the County of Waterloo. Paterson, William, M. P., Brantford, Ontario, one of the most brilliant of our public men, was born in Hamilton, Ontario, on the 19th September, 1839. He is a son of James and Martha Paterson, who came to Canada from Aberdeen, Scotland. He received his education at the schools of Hamilton and Caledonia, and his studies embraced, besides the ordinary branches, English, French, Latin and general classics. He entered public life as deputy reeve of Brantford, which position he occupied from 1869 to 1871 inclusive, and he was likewise mayor of Brantford in 1872. He was elected member of the House of Commons for South Brant in 1872, and again in 1874, in 1878, and in 1882. His opponent in the first con- test was Sir Francis Hincks, then Finance Minister, and his opponent in the last three contests was Alfred Watts, of Brantford. He has been connected in his time with most of the public enterprises of Brantford, and has always shown a genuine and un- selfish concern for the interests of the people. In religion he is a member of the Independ- ent church, but his parents were strict Pres- byterians. He married on September 10th, 1863, Lucy Clive Davies, daughter of T. C. Davies, of Brantford township, and by this union there are five children, three of whom are alive. Our subject lived with his parents in Hamilton till they died in 1849. It is strange to remark that they died on the same day in August, his mother being in Hamilton and his father in Port Dover, where he had gone a day or two before on business. The cause of death was cholera. Two days after his parents' death, young Paterson was adopted by Rev. Andrew Ferrier, D.D., of Caledonia, a Presbyterian minister, and an old friend of his parents. He lived with this worthy man as his son till he was nearly fifteen years of age, when he became a clerk in a large grocery store in Brantford, in which situation he remained for about nine years, leaving it to enter business for himself in 1863. In this year he formed a partnership with Henry B. Leeming, of Brantford, under the firm name of Leeming & Paterson, and began the manufacture of biscuits and confectionery. Mr. Leeming retired in 1876, and since that time Mr. Paterson has been sole pro- prietor of the factory. The business has grown steadily under his management, and is now one of the most thriving industries in the Dominion. Mr. Paterson has always been a champion of the Reform cause ; and we may now, in summing up, add that in the entire Liberal ranks there is not a more worthy man to be found than Mr. William Paterson. His ability is of the very high- est order, and he has no peer in the House of Commons as a flashing, witty, pithy speaker. A warm, sunny humour pervades many of his speeches, and though he can be and often is severe, there is never any malice in his utterances. We believe that we should be justified in saying that in the House of Commons Mr. Paterson has not the ill will of any man, and this, notwith- standing that no other member upon his side of the House, has more frequently or more effectively arraigned the occupants of the Treasury benches. The writer, speaking for himself, would rather listen to a speech from Mr. Paterson, when at his best, than from any other member of the legislature. MacVicar, ». II.,D.D., LL.D., Prin- cipal of the Presbyterian College, Mont- real, Canada, and Professor of Dogmatics, Church Government and Homiletics, was born in Dunglass, near Campbelltown, Can- tyre, Scotland, on November 29th, 1831. His father, John MacVicar, a farmer in Dunglass, was a man of great physical and intellectual vigour, and was widely known and highly respected in Scotland and Can- ada for his ability, generosity, and sterling integrity. While diligent in business he delighted to rest in the truth of the motto of the family crest-" Dominus Providebit" -The Lord will provide. His wife, Janet MacTavish, was a person of similar char- acter, possessed of an unusual degree of energy and executive ability. She lived to be ninety-two years old, and to see her children and children's children in posi- tions of usefulness and influence. Dr. Mac- Vicar was one of twelve children, and the 150 A CYCLOPEDIA OF youngest of seven sons. His parents emi- grated to Canada a few years after his birth and settled near Chatham, Ontario. His early education was conducted by a private tutor, and he afterwards pursued his studies in the Toronto Academy and University. He took his Theological course in Knox College, Toronto, and for two years taught classics and other subjects in a private academy in that city, conducted by his bro- ther, Rev. Dr. MacVicar, now Professor of Apologetics, etc., in MacMaster Hall, To- ronto. In 1859 he was licensed to preach the gospel by the Toronto Presbytery. Im- mediately after he was offered pastoral charges in Collingwood, Erin, Bradford, Toronto, and Guelph. He accepted a un- animous call to Knox Church in the last named city. His high preaching powers and eminent gifts as a pastor had already become widely known and recognized, so that in the fall of 1860 he received a call from Cote Street Free Church, Montreal, as successor to Dr. Fraser, now of London, England. He accepted the call and was in- ducted into his new charge on the 30th of January, 1861. During his pastorate, which lasted for nearly eight years, the congrega- tion attained a very high state of efficiency; the membership almost doubled, and great missionary zeal was manifested in the found- ing of several district Sabbath schools, two of which are to-day not only self-supporting but influential city congregations. In 1868 he was appointed Professor of Divinity in the Presbyterian College, Montreal. The work entrusted to him was in reality the founding of the institution, which existed then only in its charter. Now the semin- ary has extensive and costly buildings, a large and valuable library, a staff of four professors and four lecturers, with over seventy students in attendance, and it has sent out over one hundred ministers and missionaries. Its total assets amount to over a quarter of a million dollars. This bespeaks an energy and enterprise worthy of all praise. It is unnecessary to speak of Dr. MacVicar's ability as a teacher. His pre-eminent qualifications in that respect are known all over the continent, and have been felt and recognized far beyond the sphere of college work. He has long taken the deepest interest in the work of French evangelization. By overture to the Pres- bytery of Montreal and the Assembly, he originated the work of training French and English-speaking missionaries and ministers, and organized the Presbyterian French work, which has been so successful. He has been for many years, and is now, chair- man of the Board of French Evangelization of the General Assembly. He served for many years on the Protestant Board of School Commissioners, Montreal, and his services in this connection have been inval- uable to the cause of education-a fact to which the press has borne repeated testi- mony. At the time of the federation of the provinces of the Dominion, he took a lead- ing part in securing the educational rights of the minority in the Province of Quebec. His public lectures and addresses, educa- tional and theological, and his articles in reviews, are widely known. Among his edu- cational works, his two arithmetics, prim- ary and advanced, are standard text-books. During the session of 1871 he was lecturer on Logic in McGill University. In 1870 he received the degree of LL.D., honoris causa, from that University, of which he is also a Fellow. In 1881 he was chosen moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyter- ian Church in Canada, the duties of which office he discharged with acknowledged firmness, courtesy and judgment. In the same year he received the diploma of mem- bership of the Athenee Oriental of Paris ; and two years later his alma mater con- ferred upon him the degree of D.D. He has always taken a prominent part in the work of the General Assembly, having been a member of that court every year since his ordination. He was appointed a delegate to each of the three great Presbyterian Councils which met in Edinburgh in 1877 ; in Philadelphia, 1880; and Belfast, 1884. In the Philadelphia meeting he read a paper on " The Catholicity of Presbyterianism" ; and at Belfast he was chairman of the Com- mittee on the admission of churches into the alliance. He has served seven years on the International Bible Lesson Commit- tee. He is now honorary president of the Celtic Society of Montreal, and takes an active part in its transactions. On three occasions Dr. MacVicar has travelled in Great Britain and Europe, and his merits are well known and highly appreciated far beyond the borders of Canada. Some years ago he received and declined a very cordial call to become the pastor of the South Pres- byterian Church, Brooklyn, N. ¥., at a salary of $7,000 per annum. Dr. MacVicar was married May 1st, 1860, to Eleanor, youngest daughter of Robert Goulding and Ann Bridgland, who were both born in England, and came to Toronto when it was only a village and known as Little York. Mrs. MacVicar was educated in Toronto CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 151 and while she has made her home the scene of unbroken domestic happiness, she has also filled the high social position she has occupied with distinguished wisdom, dig- nity and success. She is the mother of five children, two daughters and three sons. Smith, Professor Gold win, M.A., LL.D, and D.C.L., Toronto.-This learned and popular writer was born on the 13th of August, 1823, at Reading, England, where his father had been for some time a practising physician ; though the family from which he sprung had originally lived at Wybunbury, in Cheshire. Like so many other distinguished Englishmen, Mr. Smith received his early education at Eton, which school was soon to receive added honours by his brilliant University course at Oxford. For here it was that he first evinced evidence of possessing the rare talents that have since given him so prominent a place among the thinkers of the century. He first entered as an undergraduate of Christ Church, but on being elected to a demyship in Magdalen, he completed his course in that college. He bore away the Ireland and Hertford scho- larships, obtained the Chancellor's prize for Latin verse, and for English and Latin essays, and crowned his series of under- graduate successes by graduating with a first class in classics. Two years after gradua- tion he was offered, and accepted, a Fellow- ship of University College, of which institu- tion he became tutor. This happened to be a time of much mental activity in Eng- land, and the brilliant young Fellow soon proved that he was destined to be a leading spirit outside of college, as well as within its classic walls. He closely observed the various religious, political and social movements, and wrote on many topics in his keen, brilliant, incisive style, commanding imme- diate public attention, and drawing all the younger and aspiring minds of the college around him. In 1847 he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, but minds like his sel- dom find in the law a permanent attraction, and Mr. Smith, luckily for the calling to which he surrendered himself, was won to a life long service to literature. His ability in dealing with the vexing public questions of the time attracted the notice of govern- ment, and in 1850 he was appointed assist- ant secretary of the Royal Commission to enquire into the general condition of the University of Oxford, " especially in rela- tion to its revenues, discipline and studies." When a second commission was appointed he was secretary ; and he was a member of the Royal Commission to examine into the condition of Popular Education in England. It was chiefly while commissioner that Mr. Smith obtained that insight into the working and needs of the various seats of learning that has given such value to his views on educational questions, both in his native country, and in the United States and Can- ada. In 1858 he was elected professor of Modern History at Oxford, a position which he filled in a way that attracted the admir- ation of all authorities. Meanwhile his able advocacy of liberal reforms in matters edu- cational, religious and political, won for him a world-wide name, and when he visited America in 1864, he was warmly welcomed, and received from the Brown University the degree of LL.D. From his own Univer- sity of Oxford he subsequently had conferred upon him the degree of D.C.L. He staunch- ly advocated the abolition of slavery, and warmly sympathised with the North during the civil war. Four years after his first arrival in America he was appointed Lec- turer in English and Constitutional His- tory in Cornell University, at Ithaca, New York, and this office he still holds, although for the past twelve years he has been a resi- dent of Toronto. It may be said that, in 1866, Mr. Smith left England to cast his lot in the new world, but leaders of the Liberal party, with whom he had so long been in accord, and who knew and prized the assistance he had given to their com- mon cause, were loth to let him go ; and among other inducements placed at his dis- posal a constituency with a certain liberal majority, but he refused all overtures. Nor have his English friends since ceased their solicitations for him to allow himself to be put in nomination for a safe constituency; he left England stricken down by a sad family bereavement, and resolved to spend the rest of his days beyond the Atlantic. In 1872 Mr. Smith took up his abode in Toronto, where he at once became prominent in edu- cational circles. He was appointed a mem- ber of the Senate of Toronto University, was elected the first president.of the Coun- cil of Public Instruction, and* was for two years president, of the Provincial Teachers' Association. Since coming to Canada, Mr. Smith has unreservedly devoted his time and genius to a furtherance of all projects that can advance the people, intellectually, socially and morally. He has given a pres- tige to Canadian letters by his active and prominent connection with native literary undertakings ; he was a contributor to the Canadian Monthly, and afterwards to the Toronto Nation, in both of which periodi- 152 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF cals his voice was raised on all occasions, when words of advice and warning were needed. Subsequently he established The. Bystander, a journal which for a period appeared monthly, then quarterly, but which, after some time, was discontinued to make room for The Week, in which paper, however, his characteristic style, trenchant, fresh, keen, and brilliant as ever, is recognised over the well-known nom de plume, " Bystander." In private life Mr. Smith is the genuine type of the cordial, courteous, high-bred English gentleman ; and in addition to his activity in literary work, he has, since coming to Toronto, taken a prominent part among those who care for the poor, to whom, it is attested, his purse is always open. It need not be said that he has by his example elevated the tone of the native press, given life and stimulus to independent journalism, and taught the journalistic profession that there is such a thing as honour belonging to its calling. In England, Mr. Smith was a Liberal, but in Canada he has eschewed party connexion. In 1875 he married Har- riet, daughter of Thomas Dixon, Esquire, of Boston, and widow of the late William Boulton, Esquire, of Toronto. As a master of style Mr. Smith has no superior, if an equal, living. Among some of his works of the last thirty years may be mentioned, " Irish History and Character," " Lectures on the Study of History," " Three English Statesmen-Pym, Cromwell, and Pitt," a volume of essays which included that on the " Great Duel of the Seventeenth Century," and "The Political Destiny of Canada." Forster, Archibald McDonald, Hamilton, our subject, was born on May 11th, 1843, in Markham. His grandfather, •John Forster, was a native of Newcastle-on- Tyne, England, and was engaged in the lead and coal mining business. One day, while examining one of his mines, he was acciden- tally killed, and when his estate was wound up, it was found that little or no means had been left to support his large family of chil- dren. In 1830 the grandmother and family emigrated to Canada, with the view of im- proving their condition. Matthew W. Fors- ter, the father of the subject of this sketch, the eldest, was an engineer and machinist by trade, and on his arrival he got a position on board the John Bull, one of the steamboats plying between the ports of Quebec and Montreal. He next found employment on a steamboat, the Union, running between Little York and Niagara town, and other boats belonging to the Hon. John Hamilton, and some years afterwards he had the honour of being one of our early settlers who with others built the first two propellors, the London and the St. Thomas, for the lake trade. Archibald M. Forster was educated in the Markham and Uxbridge Grammar schools, and there he received an English education, with some Latin. His father conducted a foundry and machine shop, and into this shop Archibald went after he had left school. In 1862, business losses having overwhelmed himself and his father, the foundry was given up, and he took a situa- tion in a railroad shop as an iron finisher. Then he went as second engineer upon a steamboat on the western lakes, and after having taken out a certificate of qualification, he found that, in consequence of his being a British subject, the United States authori- ties would not recognise it, and he had to turn to something else. He went back to the workshop again, but shortly after went into the news business, having rented from the Great Western Railway Company the right to sell books and newspapers in some of its trains. In the meantime his ingenious brain was at work, and we find him invent- ing and patenting, in 1866, a preparation to clean scale from steam boilers, and in 1868 what is known to machinists as a self-oiling cup. As these inventions promised to be of great value, in 1877 he established a brass foundry in Hamilton, and in this shop we find him to-day manufacturing all kinds of brass goods, of the most excellent and mar- ketable description, and likewise several specialties which are his own invention, and which are used all over the Dominion. Mr. Forster was brought up a Methodist, but changed his views, and now attends the Episcopal church. He is also a Freemason. For many years Mr. Forster was a staunch Liberal, but having accepted Sir Leonard Tilley's national policy, he has ever since been a Conservative. He married in 1872, Miss Minnie Hollinhead, youngest daugh- ter of Mr. Hollinhead, manufacturer, of Dundas. By this lady he has had four of a family. There are two girls and one boy living. Woods, John, Aiderman, Toronto, was born in the County of Longford, Ire- land ; and at the age of sixteen he sailed for America, and landed in Toronto, on the 9th of March, 1849. Mr. Woods received his education in the public school of his parish. On his arrival he obtained employ- ment in the dry goods establishment of Walker & Hutchinson, on King street. However, after a few years, he abandoned CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 153 this business, and learned the trade of cab- inet-making with Jacques & Hay, and worked in their shops for some time as a journeyman. In 1859 he gave up cabinet- making, and established himself in the grocery, wines and liquor business, on the north side of Dundas street, and afterwards, owing to the enlargement of his business, removed to his present place on the south side of Dundas street, Toronto. In 1882 he was elected aiderman for St. Stephen's Ward, and in 1885 was again called upon to stand as candidate for St. Mark's Ward (formerly Brockton), and was duly elected its representative in the City Council, Mr. Woods is a member of the executive, fire and gas, court house and reception com- mittees of the city council; and is also a stockholder in the Standard Bank. In re- ligion he is a Roman catholic, and be- longs to the St. Vincent de Paul Society, one of the most worthy of the benevolent societies of Toronto. In politics he is a Conservative, and is the chairman of the Conservative Association for the ward of St. Mark. Mr Woods was married in 1857, to Miss Margaret Lawlor, daughter of the late John Lawlor, of the township of Ad- jala, County of Simcoe, a native of Queen's county, Ireland. By this lady he has a family of nine children, six boys and three girls. Owing to Mr. Wood's many engage- ments, his sons, James D. and William P., assist him in his business, and these young men, who are well educated, are favourites with the public. Altogether, Mr. John Woods' career is one of which any man may be proud. Barton, Edward Warren, Tor- onto, was born on the 30th of May, 1846, in the City of Boston, U.S. His parents, John and Elizabeth Barton, were born in Rhode Island, and had a family of five children, the subject of our sketch being the eldest. In 1846 Mr. John Barton moved to Canada, and settled in the town of St. Catharines. Here he started a pail and match factory ; but four years later he sold out the business, and removed to Hamilton, where he remained till 1853. Once more he packed up his worldly effects, and set out, this time bending his steps toward Toronto. In this city he engaged in the manufacture of ginger beer and Dr. Cronk's sarsaparilla beer ; but after a time he turned his atten- to the manufacture of stocking yarns. Ow- ing to severe competition he did not long continue in this business, but engaged himself in the manufacture and preparation of coffees and spices. In 1862 he sold out this business likewise, and commenced the manufacture of brooms. In 1868 he sold out the business to his partner, Mr. How- arth, and retired, and in 1874 he died. Edward W. Barton, the subject of this sketch, received a public school education, and at the age of fifteen he found employ- ment with his father, in the woollen mill. After the sale of the mill, he went into the broom factory, and in 1867 he was appoint- ed manager of the works, and continued as such until 1870, when he began business for himself; and now he has one of the largest establishments for the manufacture of brooms and brushes at 20 Givens street, in Toronto. In 1869 Mr. Barton joined the Garrison Artillery of Toronto, under Captain McLean; and in the same year he received a first-class certificate in the School of Gunnery in Toronto. Before this date, after receiving his certificate, he was offered a lieutenancy, but declined. Mr. Barton has acted for nine years in the vari- ous capacities of corporal, sergeant, drill instructor, and quartermaster-sergeant, and has not yet received his discharge. Mr. Barton was, in 1884, elected aiderman for St. Stephen's Ward, and was re-elected by acclamation in 1885. He is now a member of the Beard of Works and Water Works committees. He is an Oddfellow, and has received all the honours within the gift of that society ; and is second in command in the newly-formed encampment of Odd- fellows. He likewise belongs to the United Workmen, and was the representative of that order during its last session at To- ronto. In addition he is a past officer in the Royal Arcanum, a grand president of the Sons of Canada, and an officer in the Orange order. He is likewise president of St. Stephen's Ward Reform Association. Mr. Barton is in religion a Presbyterian, and in politics a Reformer. He married in July, 1864, Janet McLennan, daughter of Kenneth McLennan, of Toronto, and has had nine children. Francis, Herbert and Kenneth W., now assist in the management of their father's business. Williams, Arthur Trefusis Ilen- eage. - The late Lieutenant - Colonel Williams, M.P. for East Durham, Ontario, was born at Penryn Park, Port Hope, On- tario, in 1837. He was a son of Tucker Williams, a commander in the Royal Navy, who sat for Durham, in the Canadian assem- bly, from 1840 to 1848. In his early boy- hood," says a writer in the Port Hope Times, " Arthur Williams was sent to Upper Can- ada College, then the royal grammar 154 A CYCLOPEDIA OF school of the province, where he was the pupil of F. W. Barron, Esq., M.A., the principal, and was the fellow-student of many who, like himself, have figured con- spicuously in the history of this country. Prominent amongst these was the Hon. Edward Blake. In 1854, at the age of seven- teen years, our subject was left fatherless, and deep indeed was his distress. He was passionately fond of his parents, and was the constant companion of his father whenever he was at home. Many of our older resi- dents can recall the portly figure of Mr. Williams, as he walked, leaning on the arm of his slender and youthful boy ; the evi- dent pride of the father in his son, and the equally evident love and respect of the son for his father. Shortly after his father's death the guardians of his son sent him to Scot- land, where he attended Edinburgh Uni- versity, and enjoyed the valuable instruc- tion of Prof. Aytoun, and other distinguished men, whose friendship he retained in after years. Having completed his college course, he travelled extensively in Great Britain and Ireland, and upon the Continent, hav- ing as his companion and intimate friend a college chum, the late Mr. Wells, who was afterwards an oculist and aurist of some distinction in London, England, and who was a gentleman of very high of affluent means, of great acquaintance with the prominent men of the day, and of a warm heart and charming address. Be- tween these two the firmest friendship ex- isted up to the time of Mr. Wells' death, some years ago. Upon coming of age, Mr. Williams devoted himself to acquiring a knowledge of the affairs of the large estate left by his father, and actively co-operated with the executors and trustees under his father's will, who were his mother, and Messrs. William Fraser, John Ogilvy, and James Scott (now deceased), in the manage- ment of the extensive properties committed to them. Soon afterwards, at the request of the trustees, he assumed the entire direc- tion and control of the estate, and contin- ued in charge of it until the various divis- ions amongst the beneficiaries relieved him of some of the shares. Still, up to the time of his death, he retained the management of a consideiable part of the properties, and administered them with the same assiduity and care which had always distinguished his business relations. The burthen thus laid upon him, even from his earliest man- hood, was one which, in a degree that will, perhaps, never be duly appreciated, must have weighed upon him, and deprived his life of much of the leisure and relaxation which he might otherwise have enjoy- ed." He married a daughter of the Hon- ourable Senator Seymour, but she died in 1882. In early life our esteemed and lamented subject connected himself with the volunteer service, and for a considera- ble period before his death he had been Lieut.-Colonel, commanding the 46th East Durham battalion. He did not adopt any profession, but delighted to call himself a farmer. But he was a man of large and generous public spirit, and connected him- self with a number of important enterprises. He was chairman of the Port Hope Har- bour Commissioners ; president of the Mid- land Loan and Savings Company, and a director of the Midland Railway. He com- manded the Wimbledon team of riflemen in 1880. He began public life by entering the Ontario Legislature, at the general election, in 1867. In 1871 he was re- elected by acclamation to the same house. He was first elected to the House of Com- mons at the general elections for 1878, and was re-elected at the last general election. Through life a zealous Conservative, he w'as always held in respect and honour by his party ; but his personal relationship with gentlemen opposed to him on public ques- tions was always of the most cordial kind. When the unfortunate disturbance broke out in the North-West, Colonel Williams put himself at the head of his men, and marched to the front. His bravery there inspired those who followed him, and his kindness to his men, denying himself com- forts for their sake, won the love of every man under his command. It is admitted on all hands that while all the troops en- gaged behaved with the most splendid steadiness and courage, the inception of the grand charge which carried the day and broke the backbone of the rebellion, be- longed to Col. Williams, and gained for him by unanimous consent the title of "the hero of Batoche." This, says our author- ity, was our hero's first " baptism of fire," and the coolness, judgment and dashing bravery he exhibited in the midst of a very hailstorm of bullets, called forth the high- est encomiums of the commander of the expedition, and deepened-if that were pos- sible-the love and devotion of his officers and men. Had he lived to return, he would, undoubtedly, have been in the first rank of the heroes of the campaign. After the battle of Batoche, he, with his batta- lion, the scattered parts of which had now come up, proceeded with Gen. Middleton CA NAD IAN BIO GBA PH F. 155 to Prince Albert, and thence to Battleford and Fort Pitt. From there he was des- patched to Frog Lake, in pursuit of Big Bear, and on to a point twenty-four miles north. This was a most fatiguing and wearying march ; but we are told that he returned to Fort Pitt well and in good spir- its. Here, however, his camp was pitched on a muskeg of damp, spongy ground, and there for fourteen weary days they waited, expecting each day to bring them the order for the homeward march. It was during this time that the disease was contracted which finally carried him off. That determination to accept for himself no luxuries which were not available for his men, which had ever been the distinguishing characteristic of his military life, prevented his accepting the proper camp-bed, which would have raised his body above the dampness and chill of the ground. He would fare as his men did, whatever might be the conse- quences. It is truly affecting, in view of the melancholy circumstances, to hear that he declined the camp-bed his servant had captured for him, and resolved to share whatever privations were borne by his men, " rolled himself in his blanket and slept on the humid, cold ground." This brought on a severe cold, with pains in his limbs, and added to it was the effect of the burning heat at the church parade on Sunday, the 28th June, which led him to believe that he had suffered a sun-stroke. On Wednesday, the 1st July, when a general parade was ordered to celebrate the birthday of the Dominion, which he so dearly loved, and for which he had hazarded his life, he at- tempted to take the command of his noble battalion, but found he was not equal to the labour. The surgeon advised him to go aboard the steamer Northwest and lie down, and he did so, no apprehension of anything serious been then entertained. From that bed in the captain's room, he never rose, and delirium setting in on Mon- day, the 2nd July, he remained with only momentary returns of consciousness, until a quarter past nine o'clock on the morning of Saturday, the 4th July, his spirit passed to its rest. Once during his illness, but while as yet no one suspected the fatal end- ing, he observed to a gentleman : " Well, it would be hard lines if I should be bowled over now, after passing unhurt through the whole campaign." His remains were in- terred at Port Hope, on the 21st of July, attended by the largest concourse of people, from near and far, ever before seen assem- bled in that town. Stairs, John Fitz-William, M.P., Halifax, the worthy gentleman who is the subject of this sketch, was born at Halifax, the city which he now represents in the Do- minion Parliament, on the 19th of January, 1848. He is the eldest son of the Honour- able William James Stairs, who has been a member of the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia, and is one of the leading merchants in that province. Mr. Stairs received his first intellectual instruction at private schools, and he afterwards attend- ed the Halifax Grammar School, and later still took a course in Dalhousie College. Mr. Stairs was not very long before he be- gan to display those excellent business quali- ties which now are manifest to all his fellow citizens, and it soon became clear that he was not content to remain with his business all the time while public affairs called for men of sound understanding. He watched all the leading public questions, heard this side and heard that, but quietly came to his own conclusions. This has been his manner ever since. He never allows himself to be pushed into extravagances, or to get excited when coolness and deliberation are the qualities then most in need. In November, 1879, he was elected to the Legislative As- sembly of Nova Scotia, and in December of the same year he entered the Executive Council, where he remained till May, 1882. At the general election of this year (1882), he did not offer himself, having become some- what tired of provincial politics. Mr. Stairs was chosen warden of Dartmouth, on the 1st of May, 1883, and retained the office till the same month of 1885. In 1883 a vacancy occurred in the House of Commons, owing to the retirement of M. H. Richey from the representation of Halifax, to accept the lieutenant-governorship of Nova Scotia. It was clear, without any dispute, that no other person was so well fitted in all respects for the vacant position as our subject, and when it was announced that he was a can- didate, no opposition was raised, and he was elected by acclamation. As a member of the House of Commons, Mr. Stairs has revealed the same diligence in the performance of his duty, and the same practical wisdom which had characterized him beforehand. He is the most loyal and faithful of members to his constituents ; and there is, probably, no other private member in the House of Com- mons who has so large a personal correspon- dence, and who attends to it with such promptitude. Mr. Stairs is connected with some very important public enterprises, and is a director of the Dartmouth and Halifax 156 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Steamboat Co.; of the Nova Scotia Sugar Refining Co.; of the Nova Scotia Steel Works, at New Glasgow ; and he is also a member of the firm of Wm. Stairs, Son & Morrow, shipping and general merchants. Mr. Stairsis, and has always been, a Presby- terian. On April 27th, 1870, he married Charlotte J., daughter of Judge Fogo, of Pictou. The fruit of his marriage is five children. Eddy, Ezra Butler, Hull, Province of Quebec.-This gentleman, to whom the inhabitants of Ottawa and neighbourhood owe so much for his business enterprise, was born on the 22nd of August, 1827, on a farm near Bristol village, in the State of Vermont, U. S. He is a son of Samuel Eddy, a gentle- man of Scottish descent, and his mother was Clarissa Eastman, a direct descendant of the famous Miles Standish, and his grand- mother was also a Standish. Mr. Eddy was married, on the 29th December, 1846, to Zaida Diana Arnold, who was born on the 26th June, 1828, in Bristol, Vermont, U.S., and is a daughter of Uriah Fields Arnold, son of John Arnold, of Frankfort-on-the- Main, Germany. Our subject was brought up on the farm until he was about ten years of age, and during part of this time he at- tended the district school. His father then moved from the farm into the village of Bristol, and began hotel-keeping, and young Eddy became his assistant. While here he again had the privilege of attending school for four winters. Not caring for his mode of life, and having a strong inclination for general business, at the age of fifteen, Ezra left home and went to New York city, and here he procured a situation in a mercantile house at three dollars a week, and on this sum had to board himself. He was, how- ever, promoted in three months, and re- ceived ten dollars per week, and he was soon entrusted with the banking business of the firm. After a year, not enjoying city life, he returned home to Vermont, and commenced business for himself, by purchasing butter, cheese, etc., and taking the same to the Bos- ton and New York markets. In 1851 he en- gaged in the manufacture of friction matches, at Burlington, Vermont, and continued here until 1854. This year he went to Ottawa (then Bytown), in search of a location in which to establish business, and he then •decided upon Hull, opposite Ottawa city, and moved there in the fall of 1854. He at once began the manufacture of matches, and the present magnificent business had then its first start. In 1856 he added the manufacture of wooden ware, such as pails, tubs, washboards, clothes-pins, etc., to his business. In 1858 he commenced lumber- ing in a small way ; but all these branches increased in volume from year to year, up to 1868, when the business had reached a magnitude of one million dollars per annum ; and at the present time the yearly out-put is upwards of $1,500,000. In 1882 his entire premises were consumed by fire, and this entailed upon him a loss of $250,000, over and above insurance. With character- istic enterprise and courage, in the space of twelve months new premises were erected, and he was able to turn out nearly the same quantity of goods, as during former years. With respect to his religious connections, Mr. Eddy was brought up a Baptist, and still continues in that faith. His wife is a Metho- dist. In 1871 he was elected to the Quebec Legislature, and sat for four years. Upon the establishment of the Ottawa Ladies' Col- lege, he was made president, and held that position for some years ; and he was also mayor of Hull for several years. Mr. Eddy joined the Corinthian Lodge, A. F. & A. M., Ottawa, in 1860, and the Royal Arch Chap- ter in 1873. The Eddy Lodge, A. F. & A. M., in Hull, was named after our subject, and he was its first master. When it was instituted it had only a membership of nine persons, but at present it boasts of seventy members. Mr. Eddy has occupied the position of district deputy grand master, and is now a past district deputy grand master of the Masonic order. When he went to Hull in 1854, there was only a population of about 125 persons in the village ; but after he had established his works there, it began to grow very rapidly, and now numbers about 9,000. His works alone give employment to something over 3,000 persons. Between 1847 and 1854 he had three children born to him, two boys and one girl. Both boys died when very young, but the daughter is still living. Altogether, in summing up the career of this enterprising, far-seeing and honourable business man, there is not to be found anywhere in our young country, one who better deserves the appellation of a go- ahead Canadian. King, John, Berlin, Ontario, a well- known member of the legal profession, re- sides at Berlin, in the County of Waterloo. Although of Scotch parentage, and of High- land Scotch descent, Mr. King is a native of Canada, and was born in Toronto, Sep- tember 15th, 1843. His father came of an English military family, several of whose members saw a good deal of active service with the British army abroad. One of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 157 these, Mr. King's paternal grandfather, married a Scotch lassie in the Highlands of Aberdeenshire, who was possessed of con- siderable property in her own right, and soon afterwards retired comfortably near Frasersburg, in the parish of Tyrie, Aber- deenshire, where our subject's father, John King, was born. He was an only son, who, inheriting a love of military life, was edu- cated at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, with a view to his entering the army. He subsequently joined the Royal Horse Artillery at Aberdeen, and in Sep- tember, 1834, was despatched to Canada, in a subaltern capacity, in charge of a detach- ment of his battery. He was for a time at Grosse Isle, below Quebec, in command of the quarantine station there, and was after- wards quartered at Kingston, Prescott, and Quebec. During the fillibustering troubles along the St. Lawrence frontier, which fol- lowed the rebellion of 1837, he was in com- mand at Fort Wellington, Prescott, his services there being highly commended by Colonel Williams, R.A., the commandant of the Johnstown district. A few years afterwards, while superintending the erec- tion of defensive works at this same place, he contracted an illness of which he died at Quebec. He was then scarcely thirty years of age, and had a promising career before him. M e was a man of soldierly qualities, and of acknowleged professional and liter- ary abilities, and was the author of a work on gunnery and military engineering. He married, on April 22nd, 1841, Christina, daughter of Alexander Macdougall, of To- ronto, and sister of D. Macdougall, the present registrar of the County of Waterloo. A daughter who died in infancy, and the subject of this notice, were the issue of this marriage. Mr. King's mother, who is still living, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and is of Highland Scotch parentage and descent, her father being of the clan Macdougall of Lome, of Oban in Argyleshire, and her mother a Macintyre of Glenorchay, of the clan of that name in Inverness and eastern Argyleshire. Her father emigrated with a large family to Canada in 1830, settled for a time in Chateauguay, in Lower Canada, and afterwards removed to Toronto, where he was engaged in a manufacturing business. A maternal uncle emigrated at the same time to the United States, and settled near Syracuse, Oswego county, State of New York. He there reared a large family, principally sons, all of whom served in the Northern army during the civil war. Two were killed fighting under Grant in the bat- ties around Vicksburg. Mr. King's earliest years were spent in Prescott, Brookville, and Toronto, where his mother resided after her husband's death. He received his early education at the old Toronto Model School, then opposite Upper Canada College, on the present site of Government House, and was subsequently a pupil at the Belleville, Chat- ham, and Berlin grammar schools. He and his mother resided with his uncle, Mr. Macdougall, who was connected at different times, as editor and publisher, with the newspaper press at these different places. In September, 1857, the family removed to Berlin, where they have since resided. In September, 1859, Mr. King entered the University of Toronto as a matriculant in the Faculty of Arts; commenced his under- graduate career as a resident student in the following year ; was admitted to the degree of B.A. in June, 1864, and to the degree of M.A. in June, 1865. He was engaged as a private tutor during the greater part of his University course : was distinguished as a student for his literary and rhetori- cal attainments ; was a first prizeman in University college as English essayist and public speaker, and won the last Univer- sity prize awarded for the best thesis by candidates for the degree of M.A. He was also elected twice in succession president of the University College Literary and Scien- tific Society, and afterwards secretary of the University Association. He was one of the original projectors of a University journal and review, his name appearing in the first prospectus issued as chairman of the committee who had charge of the under- taking. The project failed for want of sub- stantial encouragement, but was subse- quently revived with success in the publi- cation known as The 'Varsity, to which Mr. King was a frequent contributor in the first years of its existence. He was also a mem- ber of the University Rifle Corps (No. 9 Q. O.R.), from its formation, in the Michael- mas vacation of 1861, till he graduated, and subsequently volunteered and served at the front with his old comrades during the Fenian troubles in 1866. Upon taking his degree, he assumed editorial charge of the Berlin Telegraph, to which he had pre- viously been contributing, and conducted it for about a year. In April, 1865, he was admitted at Osgoode Hall as a student-at- law, and was at the same time articled to James Maclennan, Q.C., in whose office he studied his profession. He passed as attorney and solicitor in Michaelmas term, 1868, and was called to the bar in Michael- 158 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF mas term, 1869. Upon being admitted as attorney, he opened an office for a few months in Toronto, and was at the same time appointed assistant law-clerk of the Legislative Assembly, and private clerk to the Speaker of the House, the late Hon. John Stevenson. While acting in these ca- pacities, the Hon. J. S. Macdonald, then premier and attorney-general, offered him the law clerkship, vacated by the retirement of Mr. Miles O'Reilly, Q.C. He declined this appointment for the active practice of his profession, which he commenced in De- cember, 1869, at Berlin, and has there since continued. For about three years he also had an office at Galt, in the same county, and was for a time associated there with E. J. Beaumont, in the firm of King & Beaumont. The partnership was dissolved in January, 1885. At Berlin he was solici- tor for the Consolidated Bank, and is now solicitor for the Canadian Bank of Com- merce, its successor. He is also county so- licitor, and, as Crown counsel, conducts criminal business at the assizes in different parts of the province. He is a Liberal in politics, an ex-president of the North Water- loo Reform Association, and, for many years past, has taken a prominent part in electoral contests on the Liberal side. He has nearly all his life been a writer for the newspaper press; wrote for the Canadian Monthly dur- ing its existence, and is an old member of the Canadian Press Association. He has always been an active University man, ren- dering service in many ways to his alma mater, whenever her interests required it, and is a member of the University Senate, having been elected to that body by his fel- low-graduates in May, 1880, and re-elected by acclamation in May, 1885. He is also a member of the Royal Arcanum Society. Mr. King married, December 12th, 1872, Isabel Grace, youngest daughter of the late William Lyon Mackenzie, M.P., so distinguished in the early struggles for responsible govern- ment in this country. Two sons and two daughters are the issue of this marriage. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and takes a zealous interest in church mat- McMillan, Hugh, M.P., J.P., Cap- tain of Militia, Rigaud, Quebec, was born at Rigaud, Province of Quebec, on the 19th December, 1839. He is a son of Lieuten- ant-Colonel Donald McMillan, who sat in the House of Commons for the County of Vaudreuil from 1867 to 1872. His father was of Scotch descent, and emigrated to this country in 1823, from Aberdeen, Scotland, and settled in the County of Glengarry, with the colony of Highlanders. His mother was M. Julie Charlebois, a lady of French des- cent. Our subject was educated at the Mont- real college, and pursued a general course and classical studies for the period of eight years. He is described as having been a painstaking student, and when he left col- lege he was equipped with a very thorough and, at the same time, a very practical edu- cation. He took an interest afterwards in military matters, and was promoted to a captaincy. He was a county councillor for fifteen years, and was elected F. P. Com- missioner of Small Causes. He has like- wise been connected with the Vaudreuil & Prescott Railway Company. He married on the 11th February, 1862, Agnes Mongenais, daughter of J. B. Mongenais, who repre- sented the County of Vaudreuil in the Leg- islative Assembly of Canada, from the year 1848 to 1861, and the same county in the House of Commons, from 1878 to 1882. Mr. McMillan was a merchant, at Rigaud, from 1865 to 1873, having succeeded his father in the business. He then sold out and built a saw mill, which he now works. Mr. McMillan has always taken a very active part in the political contests of Vau- dreuil county, as well as those in the neigh- bouring county of Prescott He refused many times the candidature for both Houses of Parliament, until 1882, when he accepted the nomination for the House of Commons, and was elected. He has always been a sterling friend of his county, and is now an active representative in Parliament. Mr. McMillan in politics is a Conservative, and in religion a Roman catholic. McGill, Hon. James, the founder of McGill University, in Montreal, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 6th of October, 1744, and at an early age emigrated to Can- ada, and settled in Montreal. Here he en- tered into mercantile pursuits, and after having amassed a large fortune, he devoted his time and means to the advancement of his adopted country. He became a mem- ber of the Legislative and Executive Coun- cils of Lower Canada. During the war of 1812, he took an active part in military affairs, and so valuable were his services that he rose to the position of brigadier- general. Mr. McGill, will, however, be chiefly remembered for his charity, and the warm interest he took in the cause of education. About the end of 1813 he died at the age of sixty-seven, leaving behind him a name of more value and of more enduring quality than marble or brass. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 159 Barnard, Francis Jones, M. P. for Yale, British Columbia, was born at Quebec, on the 18th February, 1829. His father was Isaac Jones Barnard, and his mother Cathe- rine, nee Telfer. Our subject is descended from an old Yorkshire, England, family, and his first ancestor in the new world was Francis Barnard, who settled in Massachu- setts prior to 1642. At the latter date this gentleman's name first appears on the Hart- ford records. Our subject received his education in the City of Quebec, and his studies comprised what is known as a solid English education. He did not care to bind himself down to professional routine, but from early years he had a strong spirit of adventure and enterprise, and talked about travelling to seek his fortune. He employed himself in various ways in his native city, prior to taking his departure from it. On the 6th of July, 1853, he married Ellen Stillman, and by this union has had three children, viz., Frank S. Barnard, now man- ager of the British Columbia Express Com- pany ; Alice Telfer, who married John A. Mara, speaker of the local legislature of British Columbia, and member for Yale ; and Geo. Henry Barnard. When our sub- ject had reached his thirtieth year, he di- rected his steps to British Columbia, a col- ony then little known, but young Barnard, who was given to careful consideration and study, perceived that there was a brilliant future in store for this remote British colony. He therefore rolled up his sleeves and re- solved to carve out for himself a fortune there. He first engaged in mining, with fair success, and afterwards established Bar- nard's Express and Stage Line. In 1878 he incorporated the British Columbia Express Company, which operated through the entire province. Mr. Barnard has been engaged extensively for a considerable time in horse- breeding, and has also a large interest in steamboats. He likewise had the con. tract in 1875 for the construction of the western division of the Canadian Pacific Telegraph Line. He represented the dis- trict of Yale in the Legislative Assembly prior to confederation, from 1866 to 1871 ; and he was elected to the Commons for the same district in 1879, and again in 1882. Mr. Barnard was always a strong and effec- tive advocate of Confederation, and a mem- ber of the Yale Convention in 1868, when the confederation of British Columbia with the other provinces was first mooted. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and though he is not bumptious, it is well known that there are few men in the House whose judgment upon important and critical ques- tions may be more readily accepted with safety. All that he has in repute and in worldly goods, of which he has a large share, he has attained through his own industry, uprightness and perseverance. Mr. Barnard is an attendant of the Presby- terian church, and resides in Victoria, B.C. Bryce, Rev. Dr. George, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Winnipeg, was born on the 22nd of April, 1844, at Mount Pleasant, Brant county, Ontario. His parents were George and Catherine Bryce, and his mother's maiden name was Henderson. Mr. Bryce, senior, came from the neigh- bourhood of Dunblane, Perthshire, Scot- land, where the family has been traced back by baptismal records to 1G40. In the reign of James I., one Walter Bryce was tried at Dunblane on the charge of wizardry, but was acquitted on the interference of in- fluential friends. Our subject's grandfather carried on a long and extensive lawsuit against the Earl of Moray to protect a feudal right invaded by the earl. Young Bryce was educated at Mount Pleasant Public Schools and Brantford Collegiate Institute. He matriculated in Toronto University in 1863 with honours. He took numerous honours, scholarships and prizes during his course, chiefly in science and English. He gradu- ated with a medal in 1867, and entered Knox College, Toronto, in 1868, where he became president of the Literary and Metaphysical Society. From this institution he graduated in 1871, taking five out of the six scholar- ships open. He was selected by the College professors to be assistant and successor in Chalmers' Church, Quebec, whither he went in 1871. It may be added that he took prizes for English essay writing in Toronto Uni- versity and Knox College. He entered the volunteer service in 1862, during the excite- ment of the Trant affair. With a young school mate he organized the Mount Pleas- ant Infantry, a company of the Brant bat- talion. He was connected with the Univer- sity Rifles, Queen's Own, in 1863, and entered the Military School, Toronto, in 1864, whence he took a second class certifi- cate of fitness as to duties of captain. He was at Laprairie camp as a cadet under General (then Colonel) Wolesley in 1865, and was with the University company at Ridgeway, acting as ensign, and made out the roll of the company of present, killed, wounded and missing, after the conflict. He was appointed by the Home Mission Committee of the Presbyterian General As- sembly in August, 1871, to leave Quebec 160 A CYCLOPEDIA OF and proceed to Winnipeg, to found a college among the Selkirk settlers on the Red River, and also to organize a Presbyterian Church in Winnipeg. He was ordained in Toronto on September 19th, 1871, and ar- rived in Winnipeg, going the last 300 miles over the prairies by stage through Minne- sota. He organized the college, which he called Manitoba college, the same being established at Kildonan, four miles from Winnipeg. He obtained incorporation for the college in 1883, and the following year it was removed to Winnipeg. In 1877 he was one of the chief founders of the Manitoba University, which combines St. Boniface (Roman catholic), St. John's (Episcopal) and Manitoba college (Presbyterian). He has been on the executive of the University since its beginning, and has framed many of its most important statutes. He urged in 1880 the erection of new college buildings, obtained subscriptions, and in 1881 saw be- gun, to be completed in 1882, the present beautiful building of Manitoba college, valued, with grounds, at $70,000. He was elected in 1877, on the first School Board for Winnipeg under the cities and towns act, and served for three years. He was appointed first inspector of Winnipeg Pub- lic Schools in the same year, and was chair- man of school management. In 1871 and 1872 he acted as examiner in natural history in Toronto University, and has been an ex- aminer in natural science in Manitoba Uni- versity since 1878. For several years he was chairman of the Board of Examiners of Public School Teachers in Manitoba. He organized Knox Church, Winnipeg, and was its first moderator, 1872-3. He like- wise organized St. Andrew's Church, Win- nipeg, in 1881, and has held the first service in many of the new settlements of Mani- toba. He has opened, or re-opened, some twenty new churches in Manitoba. He is a trustee of all Presbyterian Indian mission property in the North-West, and in 1884 was appointed by the General Assembly the moderator of the first Presbyterian Synod of Manitoba and the North-West territories. He was one of the incorporators, and from 1874 to 1879 a director of the Winnipeg General Hospital, and for 1877 and 1878 was secretary and treasurer of that institu- tion. In 1881 he was appointed delegue regional of the Institution Ethnographique of Paris. In 1878 he was one of the incor- porators of the Historical and Scientific So- ciety of Manitoba, and was from 1878 to 1883 corresponding secretary of this society, and for 1884 and 1885 its president. On be- ing relieved of the heavy duties of mission secretary, Dr. Bryce, in 1881, began to pay more attention to authorship. In 1882 he published in London (Sampson, Low & Searle, publishers) his work, " Manitoba : its Infancy, Growth and Present Condition," octavo, 364pp. This volume has had a wide sale. An English gentleman read it in New Zealand, and coming to Manitoba by way of San Francisco, purchased 100,000 acres of wild land in the province. The work is largely a vindication of the Earl of Selkirk, the founder of the Red River Settlement. The author has had the pleasure of revers- ing the unfavourable opinion formerly held in Canada of the earl. During a visit to Britain in 1881-82, Dr. Bryce visited the then Earl of Selkirk and Lady Isabella Hope, his sister, and had access to the family papers in preparing his work. The article "Manitoba" in the Encyclopaedia Britannica is by Dr. Bryce. During the year 1884 his publications were, " Plea for a Ca- nadian Camden Society" and the "Five Forts of Winnipeg," published by the Royal Society of Canada; "Education in Mani- toba," published in the Canadian memorial volume by the British Association ; " Our Indians," by the Y. M. C. A. of Winnipeg; " Coal," by the C. P. R. Literary Associa- tion, Winnipeg; and "The Mound Build- ers," by the Historical Society. Dr. Bryce is now engaged on a work of considerable size and importance on a department of Canadian and North-West history. Our subject has visited England, Ireland, Scot- land, France and Italy, Eastern States, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, the Rocky Mountains, and has written descrip- tions of many of his travels. He received early and careful religious instruction in a Christian home. He is now in church mat- ters, while an ardent churchman, an enemy of ecclesiasticism. He married, September 17th, 1872, Marion Samuel, daughter of the late James Samuel, Kirkliston, near Lin- lithgow, Scotland. Lacoste, Hon. Alexandre, Q.C., D.C.L., Senator, Montreal, was born at Boucherville, in the Province of Quebec, on the 12th of January, 1842. Alexander Lacoste is descended from an old and dis- tinguished French family, which emigrated from France many years ago, and settled at Boucherville, Province of Quebec. His father, Hon. Louis Lacoste, was a sena- tor of the Dominion, and his mother was Marie Antoinette Thais Proulx. Young Lacoste received his early education at the College of St. Hyacinthe, and he concluded CA NADIA N BIO GRAPH Y. 161 his studies at the Laval University, Quebec. On the 8th of May, 1866, M. Lacoste mar- ried at Montreal, Dame Marie Louise Glo- bensky. Having completed his education, M. Lacoste entered upon the study of the law, and is said to have been assiduous and brilliant, and possessed of a sound under- standing. When he reached his twenty-first year, he was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and at once began the practice of his profession in Montreal, and soon found a lucrative and important business grow up around him. He was prompt, he was able, and he was to be trusted : what more was to be needed in a young advocate ? In 1880 he was created a Q. C.; and was called to the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec, for the Mille-Isle division, on the 4th of March, 1882. The following year he resigned, and in 1884 he was called to the Senate. As a legislative councillor our subject was distinguished for solid, and, at the same time, brilliant abilities. It was more in deference to his fitness for the po- sition, than to political exigency that he was made a member of the Senate, in which body let us hope he shall long remain to assist with wise counsels. All his life M. Lacoste has been a sturdy and highly es- teemed Conservative. Dinnick, Charles Richard Sle- inan, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born at Davenport, England, in 1844. His father was James Dinnick, who prac- tised law at Davenport, and his mother was Harriet Dinnick. His father had a prominent standing at the bar in his early career, and he subsequently entered the em- ployment of the government, who utilized his legal talents. The subject of our sketch was educated at the Davenport schools, and after completing his course, he learned the trade of a carpenter. Having mastered this trade he opened business for himself at Davenport. He soon became possessed of a spirit of unrest, and longed to get to some city on the American continent, where he adjudged there was to be found better re- ward for labour and enterprise than was to be obtained in England. Therefore, in 1871, he set sail from England, and in due season landed at Toronto, which before this date men had begun to call "the Queen City of the West." In Toronto he opened business as a builder, contractor and general specu- lator. He likewise began to deal extensively in the selling of properties, in buying up certain tracts of land and building houses thereon. He had a quick, far-reaching in- sight into business, and he soon saw that his enterprise was being crowned, with success. One achievement became the foundation for another one still more important. Mr. Dinnick has shown concern for affairs lying beyond the circle of his own business. At present he is a member of the Sanitary As- sociation, an institution badly needed in Toronto. In 1881 he joined the Masonic order, and is a very highly respected mem- ber of that body. He is likewise an Odd- fellow, having joined this association in 1880. In religion he is a member of the Methodist communion. No political party can lay claim to him, he being an advocate of pure and efficient administration, and takes an intelligent and unbiased interest in public questions. In 1866 he married Eliza Ann Brown, a daughter of Austin Brown, of Toronto. By this lady he has had five children. Through unfailing integrity and persistent industry Mr. Dinnick-although he has sustained in the vicissitudes of for- tune some heavy losses-has now secured a handsome competence, and holds one of the first places among the builders and con- tractors of Toronto. Beaty, James, jr.,Q.C., D.C.L.,M.P.- Here is an instance of what can be accom- plished by a man of integrity who puts a high aim before him, and unfalteringly pur- sues his way, doing always the right and his best. Mr. Beaty was born at Ashdale Farm, township of Trafalgar, in the County of Halton, on the 10th of November, 1831. His father was an estimable gentleman, J ohn Beaty, who emigrated from the County of Cavan, Ireland, and who, on reaching Can- ada. engaged himself in agriculture, which calling he pursued for half a century at Ash- dale Farm. It was at this old homestead that the subject of this sketch was brought up, and from intelligent parents, who by word and precept always set an example of the right, did he receive his early tuition. At first he attended the public school, and subsequently entered the grammar school at Palermo, in Trafalgar. Leaving the Palermo school in 1849, he was sent to Toronto, where he received private tuition for a period, and at the following Trinity term he was entered as a student of law in the office of Adam (now Chief Justice) Wilson and Dr. Larratt W. Smith. While pursuing his studies he evinced much grasp, and a faculty for mastering readily the principles and details of the law. In 1855 he was called to the bar, and in the following year entered into partnership with Mr. Wilson and Mr. C. S. Patterson. The personnel of the firm was subsequently changed by 162 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Messrs. Wilson and Patterson being called to the bench. Mr. Beaty's was always one of the clearest heads at the bar, and in 1872 he was created a Queen's counsel by the Do- minion government, subsequently obtain- ing the same distinction from the govern- ment of Ontario. In 1872 he received his degree of B.C.L. from Trinity College ; and in 1875 the degree of D.C.L. was conferred upon him. He began the career of politics, in which he was afterwards to distinguish himself, by being elected aiderman for St. James' Ward, Toronto. While sitting as aiderman he introduced the " Beaty By- law," a plan changing entirely the system of civic affairs. Two years later he was elected mayor ; and was the following year re-elect- ed, defeating his opponent ex mayor Morri- son by over 900 votes. Mr. Beaty's pro- fessional career has been a peculiarly suc- cessful one, and he has conducted a large number of cases with marked skill and force from the Court of Appeal down. In politics he is now, as he has been through a consist- ent career, a Liberal-Conservative ; but he frequently, many j ears ago, resisted the pres- sure of friends who were desirous that he should offer himself for a field giving wider opportunity for his usefulness. In 1880, however, his advisers prevailed, and he pre- sented himself for the representation of West Toronto in the Dominion Parliament, and was successful, defeating his opponent by a handsome majority. His course in par- liament fully justified expectations, and the large number of prominent acts of legislation which, through him, have be- come law, bear testimony to his industry and appreciation of the public needs. At the general election of 1882 Mr. Beaty was once more successful, defeating his oppo- nent by a decisive majority. In religion Mr. Beaty, though brought up a member of the Anglican communion, now belongs to no denomination, simply accepting the Bible with the message it announces. He has written frequently for the secular and religious press, and for legal and literary periodicals. He has the faculty of con- vincing by the clearness of his reason, and by an unaggressive forcibleness in presenting his views. He is a clear, terse and forcible speaker, but does not obtrude his addresses upon parliament, unless the occasion is a sufficient one. Mr. Beaty married on the 10th of November, 1858, his cousin Fanny Beaty, by whom he has one daughter living. Pelletier, Hon. Charles Alphonse Pantaleon, C.M.G., B.C.L., Q.U., P.O., Senator, Quebec, the distinguished subject of this biographical sketch, was born at Riviere Ouelle, in the Province of Quebec, on the 22nd January, 1837- His father, a very worthy gentleman, was J. M. Pelletier, a merchant and farmer of high standing and good success ; and his mother was Julie, her maiden name being Painchaud. This lady was a sister of the late Rev. C. F. Painchaud, founder of the College of St. Anne. When our subject was old enough, he was sent to St. Anne's College, and passed through the grades of that institu- tion. Thereafter he entered Laval Univer- sity, and in graduating obtained the degree of B.C. L. This was on the 15th September, 1858. In 1861 M. Pelletier married Su- sanna, a daughter of the late Hon. Charles E. Casgrain, M. L. C., but this lady died in 1862. He married again Virginie A., second daughter of the late Hon. M. P. De Sales La Terriere, M. D. This gentleman had sat in the parliament of Lower Canada, and subsequently in that of United Canada. M. Pelletier devoted himself faithfully to the study of the law, and in 1860 was duly called to the bar, and began the practice of his profession. He soon began to distin- guish himself as an advocate, both because of his brilliancy and of his great knowledge of the law. In after years (1879) his legal qualifications were formally acknowledged by his investiture with the silken gown of a Queen's counsel. He has always held the highest possible place among his confreres of the French bar, of which he has been syndic. He occupies now the highly credit- able position of joint city attorney of the city of Quebec, with L. G. Baillairge, Q.C., a most worthy gentleman in all respects, very favourably known in Quebec. In everything national and calculated to pro- mote the interests of nationality or the material welfare of his province, M. Pel- letier has been prominent, and has been thrice elected president of the Society de St. Jean Baptiste, Quebec. In military matters this enterprising and highly pub- lic spirited man has been likewise promi- nent. He was for several years nisjoc of the 9th Battalion, known as the Voltiyeurs de Quebec. During the Fenian raid of 1866, he was in command of this battalion, and in the same year he retired, but retained his rank. Before the completion of con- federation, when public men looked to larger achievement in political life, M. Pelletier offered himself for the representation of Kamouraska. A special return was made, and this constituency was disfranchised for some months ; but in 1869 our subject CA NADIA N BIO GRA PH Y. 163 achieved his aim by winning the Commons seat for Kamouraska. At once, on taking his place in the house, he was marked out as a man much above the ordinary standard of politicians. He soon revealed learning, and much thought, and brilliancy, and deep- seated conviction, and very promptly ob- tained a hold upon the respect of the house, and he has never relinquished that hold. He was re-elected at the general elections of 1872 ; and chosen by acclamation in 1874. He was not alone concerned now in domin- ion politics, but the affairs of his own pro- vince in the local legislature engrossed * his attention. In 1873 he was elected to the Quebec Legislative Assembly, for the con- stituency of Quebec East ; but the following year he was obliged to resign his seat, for a bill had passed the Dominion legislature which declared that no person could at the same time hold seats in a provincial assem- bly and in the Dominion parliament. M. Pelletier continued as a favourite member in the House of Commons till 1877, when he was invited to the Privy Council, and invested with the portfolio of Agriculture. The Hon. Alexander Mackenzie was at that time premier of Canada ; and it must always remain to the credit of that gen- tleman that he invariably sought to ob- tain for high office both integrity and ability. In the case of M. Pelletier it was universally admitted that his choice had been a happy one. He was a careful, conscientious, vig- orous and capable departmental head. In the following year Mr. Mackenzie was defeated at the polls, and the Hon. M. Pel- letier, with the rest, resigned the seals of office. Always taking a deep interest in important public matters, he was president of the Canadian Commission for the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1878 For his em- inent services on that occasion, he was created a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George, on the 29ch of October, 1878. In 1877 he was called to the Senate, which body he now adorns. It is hardly necessary to say that our distin- guished subj 'Ct is in politics a staunch Liberal, and his services in the cause of liberalism in his own province, as well as in the D >tnini>>n, are well known. Carasett, Dr. F. Le Mlaitre.-Fred- erick Le Maitre Grasett was born 1st April, 1851, in Toronto. His father, Rev. Henry James Grasett, late Dean of Toronto, was b >rn at Gibraltar, in 1808. His (Dr. Gra- sett's) grandfather was Henry Grasett, M.D., deputy inspector of Army Hospitals, and was stationed at Gibraltar when Dean Grasett was born. Henry was present at the Trinidad disturbances, in 1797, and he was in Malta in 1800. From 1809 to 1813 he served under Wellington, during the Pen- insular war. In 1813 he was sent to Can- ada as surgeon-in-chief, serving during the American war, and at its conclusion, his son, the dean, was sent to England and received his earlyeducation at Southsea, and later at the Royal Grammar School, Quebec. He afterwards graduated at St. John's, C tm- bridge, England, taking the degree of B A. in 1834, and of M. A. in 1842, and B. D. in 1853. In 1834 he returned again to Que- bec, and was ordained by the late Bishop Stewart, and remained till 1853. He was chaplain to the bishop till his death in 1837. and in this year succeeded Dr. Strachan as rector of Toronto. He was created dean in 1867. He was president of the Upper Canada Keligious Tract Society, and of the Bible Society. He held several positions in connection with the High and Public Schools from 1846 to 1875. He was a member of the late Council of Public Instruction, being the third and last chairman, which position he held for thirteen years. He was four years member of the B >ard of High School Trustees. The subject of our sketch was educated first at a private school, then at Hdllmu'h College, under A. Sweatman, the present Bishop of Toronto. From his earliest years he evinced predilections for the study of medicine, and always declared that he desired to be a doctor. He studied one year at the Toronto Medical College, and afterwards at the Edinburgh University in Scotland ; at London, England, and at Dub- lin. Altogether, he was about seven years at Edinburgh, during which time he was House Pnysician and House Surgeon of the Edinburgh Infirmarv, and took his decree of M.BC.M. at Edinburgh University. He is a member of the Royal C »llege of Surgeons, England, and a Fellow of the Royal College of Edinburgh, which latter, it need hardly be said, is a very distin- guished office to hold, only one other in Canada is the recipient of a similar distinct tion. In religion Dr. Grasett is a member of the Church of England, and in politics a Conservative, but takes no active par- in public affairs, being a quiet gentleman who finds his time fully occupied with pro- fessional, social an 1 domest c duties. He married in 1883 Jane S uart Todd, daughter of A. T. Todd, of Toronto. He has prac- tised in Toronto since 1882, and has built np an extensive and lucrative busine-s. Dr. Grasett is, by common consent, one of the 164 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF most notable physicians that the Queen city boasts, and in social life he has many friends. Huntington, Hon. Lucius Setli, comes of Puritan stock, and was born at Compton, in the County of Stanstead, Que- bec, on the 2Gth of May, 1827. He was educated at the common schools, studied law at Sherbrooke, and afterwards taught in a township high school for a period. He was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1853, and in 1856 became proprietor of the . Waterloo Advertiser. In 1861 he was elected to the House of Commons for the County of Shefford. " From the outset of his par- liamentary career," says a writer, " he de- veloped remarkable aptitude for parliamen- tary life, more especially as a speaker. He had a never-failing command of vigorous language, and made himself conspicuous for his scathing criticism of measures whereof he disapproved. His energy and good judg- ment also made him useful as a member of committees. ... It has been said that Mr. Huntington's views were of an ad- vanced character, to which it may be added that on some subjects they were altogether ' in advance' of most of his colleagues. He was an avowed advocate of Canadian Inde- pendence, and, both in his speeches and in his writings, urged his views upon the public with frequency, as well as with con- siderable power of oratory. In these views he found few sympathisers among the mem- bers of parliament, and some of his oppo- nents were wont to taunt him with being an annexationist in disguise. His almost iso- lated position in this respect interfered, to some extent, with his usefulness to his party, but he never made any attempt to conceal or dissemble his views, and had the full courage of his opinions. After the accomplishment of confederation he yielded his allegiance to the new order of things. He arrayed himself on the side of the Oppo- sition, and was from first to last one of the most uncompromising opponents of Sir John Macdonald's government. His opposition was fraught with momentous results to the government and to the country at large." It may be said, before passing on to the more re- markable circumstances in his public career, that, in 1863, he became Solicitor-General East in the John Sandfield-Macdonald ad- ministration. During the session of 1873 re- marks of a vague kind surcharged the air about Ottawa. It was generally concerning the late elections that the rumours were about, concerning large sums of money used in some way, and obtained from a mysteri- ous quarter. Everybody expected a startling disclosure; no one save a few of the min- isters knew what the disclosure was to be. In painful anxiety the House sat from day to day till the 2nd of April arrived, when Mr. Huntington, with much agitation in his face, arose and began to read a resolution. It set out with the usual form of such resolu- tions, but its burthen was that an under- standing, previous to the last election, had been come to between the Government and Sir Hugh Allan and Mr. Abbott, M.P., that Sir Hugh Allan and his friends should advance a large sum of money for the pur- pose of aiding the election of ministers and their supporters at the ensuing general elec- tion, and that he and his friends, in con- sideration of such monetary aid, should re- ceive the contract for the construction of the Pacific Railway. The announcement came upon the House like the explosion of a bomb- shell flung upon the floor. Sir John Mac- donald sat there as inscrutable as a stone, made no sign, and uttered no word. The resolution was treated as a want-of-con- fidence motion, and, before explanation or discussion came, it was voted down by a majority of thirty-one votes. Later on fol- lowed Sir John's motion for a committee of enquiry. A storm raged in the House for many days, and it ended in the downfall of the ministry. In the Liberal Cabinet which came into power, with the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie at its head, Mr. Huntington be- came president of the council. In 1865 he succeeded the Hon. Telesphore Fournier as postmaster-general. In 1878 he resigned with his colleagues. Mr. Huntington has been twice married, first to Miriam Jane, daughter of Major David Wood, of Shefford, and second to Mrs. Marsh, widow of the late Charles Marsh, G.E. During the sum- mer of 1884 Mr. Huntington appeared in a new role, in that of author, bringing out simultaneously in New York and Toronto his political novel, " Professor Conant." This volume has received handsome treat- ment from the press, and a warm reception from the public. Kennedy, John, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born in the township of King, County of York, Ont., on the 1st of November, 1852. His father was Martin Kennedy, who came from Tipperary, Ire- land, and his mother's name was Mary Nevin. John Kennedy received the rudi- ments of a sound English education in the common schools, and after completing his studies, took a fancy for a trade. He set to work to master carpentering, and CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PHY. continued in this trade for about seven years. Having reached his twenty-second year, it occurred to him that in this age there is much the higher prize to be won by the possession of a thorough education ; so he repaired to London, and there entered the commercial college, applying himself dili- gently to the study of all the branches contained in its curriculum. As might be expected, his career there was a clever one, and he left the institution, feeling himself equipped for any occupation that might offer. He was satisfied there was much success to be won in the occupation which he had chosen at the first; so, on leaving college, he again resumed his late employ' ment, and continued in the same for the space of about a year. He now established himself in the planing business, setting in operation a planing mill, on Queen street west, in the City of Toronto. Continuing for three years he removed to McDonald square, where he still continues a success- ful business, having the confidence and regard of all with whom his business brings him into contact. In politics Mr. Kennedy is a Reformer, and he favours a prudent ad- ministration of affairs without parsimony, and in religion he is a respected member of the Roman catholic church. It may be ad- ded that at the time of our subject's removal to McDonald square he took with him into partnership his brother, Daniel Kennedy, a gentleman of marked business enterprise and push, and the possessor of a clear, active intellect. Daniel has control of the mills, while general supervision falls to the senior partner of the business. Daniel Kennedy, like his brother, is practically conversant with his trade. John Kennedy is a man whose energies are written in his face. Snider, William,'Waterloo, Ontario, Mayor of the town of Waterloo, Ont., was born in the village of Waterloo, on October 26th, 1845. His father, Elias Snider, was born at Waterloo, in Sept., 1815, at which time the town site was merely a house in the bush. After attaining manhood, he learned the milling trade, in the mill now owned and occupied by Wm. Snider & Co. He was a member of the council, while the place was yet a district, and the council met at Guelph. He took an active part in politics on the Reform side, but in these late years he retired, and is now a minister of the Mennonite church. His mother, Hannah Bingeman, was born in Bucks county, Penn- sylvania, in August, 1815. When ten years of age her parents moved to Canada, 165 and settled on what is known as the old Bingeman farm, about one mile east of Bridgeport. Young Snider, himself, was educated at the common schools, this being the only facility of education within his reach. He was elected member of the vil- lage council in 1872, which position he held for six years. In 1878 he was elected reeve of the town, and this office he retained for three years. In 1881 he was unanimously elected warden of the county ; and after this date he retired from municipal honours until the present year, when he was elected mayor of the town. Mr. Snider was presi- dent of the Waterloo County Millers' As- sociation for a number of years, and he is now vice-president of the Waterloo County Millers' Mutual Fire Insurance Co., head office, Hamilton. This office he has held for the last six years; and he is now a director of the Waterloo Mutual Fire In- surance Company. Mr. Snider has always taken an active part in all the leading matters in his native town, particularly in the building of the market house, in obtain- ing incorporation, and in bringing the branch of the Grand Trunk R.R. to Water- loo. These are, however, only a few in- stances of his zeal. Our subject has travelled through Canada from Winnipeg to Halifax, and has visited a great many parts of the United States, including the large cities. He married at Rochester, N.Y., on June 11th, 1867, Lydia Ann Bowman, daughter of Mr. Bowman, of Bloomingdale, Ontario. When Mr. Snider was nine years of age his father sold his mill property and farm in the then village of Waterloo, and moved to the farm upon which he now lives, about one mile north of Waterloo. Young Snider remained on the farm until he was nineteen years of age, and then entered the mill to learn the milling trade. In 1870 his father gave him an interest in the busi- ness. At that time the firm was making a high grade of flour, known as the " Haxall flour," manufactured by stones, first grind- ing very high, and then cleaning the farina or coarse middling. This flour was sold in Boston as high as $17 per barrel during the American war, and no other flour manufactured in America was equal to it. In 1876 the company put in the first set of rolls, which are now so generally in use. In 1879 our subject, with A. Kraft, his present partner, bought the mill property from Mr. Snider, senior, but before running the mill, made improvements, putting in a new boiler and engine and a number of rollers and other machinery to the extent 166 A CYCLOPEDIA OF of about $10,000 worth. They also put up the first brick chimney in the town of Waterloo. In 1881 they built the Central Block, now owned and occupied by Mr. Theo. Bellinger. In 1880 they built an ad- dition to the old mill 46x46, five stories high, using part of the structure as an elevator, and in the other part they put a full line of rolls and other machinery neces- sary to make a complete mill, increasing the daily capacity from 150 to 300 barrels. They likewise extended the track from the Grand Trunk station to the mill, and put in a 40 ton track scale. During the present year they put up another addition, 40x50, two stories, for storing flour. Mr. Snider also has an interest in the saw mill property at Rosseau Falls, Muskoka, and a few years ago invested in some real estate timber land in the northern part of Michigan, on the shore of Little Traverse Bay. Draper, Hon. William Henry, one of the foremost politicians of his time, and so long an ornament to the bench as Chief Justice of Upper Canada, was born on the 11th of March, 1801, in his father's rec- tory, in one of the Surrey suburbs of Lon- don, England. His father was a clergyman of the Church of England, and was rector of St. Anthony's, in Watling street, London. When only a little lad, William Henry, his head full of romance, and a spirit of adven- ture, ran away to sea. He was afterwards a cadet on board of an East Indiaman, but in his eighteenth year he gave up the sea, and set out for Canada, where he arrived in 1820. He taught school for a time at Port Hope, and in 1823 began the study of law in the office of Mr. Thomas Ward. A short time after this, through the interest of in- fluential friends, he was appointed deputy reporter of the counties of Northumberland and Durham. He married, about this time, Miss White, a daughter of Captain George White, of the Royal navy. In 1828 he was called to the bar, and shortly afterwards re- moved to Toronto. The Hon. John Beverley Robinson met Mr. Draper, and was so pleased with his address that he offered him a place in his law office, which was readily accepted. In 1837 he was called to the Legis- lative Council, and accepted a seat in the Executive without office. In 1838 he became solicitor-general of Upper Canada, which office he held through the stormy period of the rebellion. He had once held a colonel's commission in the County of Durham, and was now appointed colonel of a York bat- talion. Upon Mr. Hagerman's resignation he become attorney-general. Mr. Draper was not generally considered as being a member of the family compact. He was brought up a Tory, and nearly everything respectable in a social way that he saw on coming to Canada was also Tory. It was natural for him, therefore, to be a Conserva- tive. He was a brilliant man, with excel- lent judgment, but it seems tons with a not very far-reaching insight. He seemed, more than once in his career, to be strangely ob- livious to the public movements then going on, which to men of only ordinary perception must have seemed full of significance. But perhaps he belonged to that class of which it is said, oculos habent et non vident, per- haps he did not want to see the significance that was in those movements. But Mr. Draper never railed against fate. What came, and came to remain, he welcomed and recognized. Despite his opposition, the Re- formers won responsible government in its full sense. When that boon was granted, we have a recollection of having heard that Mr. Draper was glad in a sort of a way. He was of an entirely different stamp from Hon. John Cartwright, who thought that war would soon swallow our institutions up if the people had the government in their hands Mr. Draper had a most persuasive eloquence, whence he obtained the name of "Sweet William." The summer following Lord Elgin's arrival in Canada, Mr. Draper withdrew from public life, to the great dignity of the judgment seat. He became a Puisne Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, succeeding Mr. Justice Hagerman. In February, 1856, he became Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, in the room of Sir James Macaulay. In 1863 he became Chief Justice of Upper Canada, succeeding the Hon. Archibald McLean. This position he held till 1869. when he became president of the Court of Error and Appeal. He died at his home, in Yorkville, after a tedious illness, on the 3rd of November, 1877. Shaw, George Alexander, Lieu- tenant-Colonel, Toronto, was born at King- ston, Canada, on June 24th, 1844. This gentleman is a direct lineal descendant of the MacDuff who was created first Earl or Thane of Fife, for services rendered to Mal- colm Canmore, King of Scotland, in 1057. In 1163 Shaw, the third son of the fifth Earl of Fife, for gallant conduct in battle, was appointed governor of the castle at Inverness. This appointment remained in the Shaw family for several generations, and it is here that the name Macintosh originated, thus, Mac-an-Toiseach, mean- ing son of the foremost or chief man. An- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 167 •gus, the sixth chief of the Macintoshs, was present at the battle of Bannockburn in 1314. The family is essentially a military one, and sprung of the royal blood of Scot- land. The first connection of the family with this country was when Mr. Shaw's great grandfather, Major-General 2Eneas Shaw, a U. E. loyalist, served during the first American rebellion. Major Shaw oc- cupied the first house built in York in 1793, and it was destroyed during the American invasion of 1813. For his services he re- ceived a free grant of large tracts of land in various parts of the Province of Canada, among them being 500 acres north of the garrison at York. On this he built a log house in 1795, calling it ''Oak Hill " (i.e., Tordarroch), and in this house he had the honour of entertaining the Duke of Kent, Her Majesty's father. He died of fatigue during the war of 1813. Our subject's grandfather, Captain Alexander Shaw, of the 69th, formerly the 35th, fought in seven general engagements in Europe, and was at the taking of Alexandria, in 1813. Thus it will be seen that Captain Alexander Shaw's father was fighting in Canada while the son was engaged in the east doing battle under the same flag. Captain Shaw was one of the only five officers of the regiment who came out of the Alexandrian affair alive. Our subject's father was George Shaw, who was a lieutenant in the Queen's Bangers, and served during 1837-38. The mother of Mr. Shaw was Ellen Hewson, of Dublin, and belonged to an old Irish family. Lieut.- Colonel Shaw was educated at Upper Can- ada College and Trinity College school, and afterwards at the University of Trinity College, and at these places acquired an or- dinary classical education. He has had military tastes from youth, but owing to cir- cumstances he did not become a regular. He entered the civil service as railway mail clerk in 1867, and continued so, advancing in position, till 1882, when he commenced a mining and lumbering business. He, however, still holds a position in the civil service. He has large interests in Colorado Silver Mountain mining districts, as well as elsewhere. He went through the Military School in 1865, taking second, and after- wards first-class, certificates, and he served with the 10th Royals during the Fenian raids, being in command of H Company. He was selected as one of the captains dur- ing the Louis Riel troubles, and was lieuten- ant in the 4th Sedentary Militia. He became in May, 1871, adjutant in the 10th Royals, and held this rank for six years ; then he was promoted junior major, then senior major, then commanding officer (lieut.- colonel), with which rank he retired in October, 1880. He is an Orangeman ; a member of St. Andrew's Society; and also be- longs to the Sons of Scotland and the Cale- donian Society. He also belongs to the Board of Trade, and the Workingmen's National Co-operative Union, and is vice- Consul for Hawaii. Lieut. -Colonel Shaw has travelled through the United States and Canada. In religion he belongs to the Church of England ; and in politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. He married on Au- gust 30th, 1882, Marion Christina Bastedo, daughter of Gilbert Bastedo, crown attor- ney for the County of Halton. It may not be uninteresting to state that the arms of the Shaws of Tordarrach are : Quarterly- first and fourth-or, a lion rampant gules, armed and lanquid azure; second and third, Argent, a fir tree growing out of a mount in base, all proper; on a chief gules charged with an augmentation of royal standard of Scotland, a canton of the field, thereon a dexter hand couped lesswise, proper, hold- ing a dagger point downwards, gules. Crest: a dexter hand and forearm couped, holding a dagger erect, all proper. Motto : Fide el Fortitudine. Lindsay, Janies, was born in the town of Enniskillen, County of Fermanagh, Ire- land, Nov. 4th, 1833. His parents were James Lindsay and Catherine, nee Gilmore, who were married in Ireland. They had a family of six children, of which the sub- ject was the youngest. Catherine Gilmore was the daughter of Davidson Gilmore, of the County of Fermanagh, Ireland. James Lindsay was a farmer, and was also the captain of a merchant vessel. Consequently he was commonly known as ' ' Captain Lind- say." In 1840 he left Ireland and came to Canada, settling in the county of Peel as a farmer. He died in the same year. James Lindsay, jr., attended the common schools till he was eighteen, and then went into a stave and shingle factory. He remained in this business for two years. He then went to the States, returning again to Canada in 1859. He settled in the county of Peel, and remained there until 1869, when he moved to the town of Milton, in the county of Halton, where he rented the saw mill and stave factory and cooperage from George B. Abrey. After three years he bought the whole manufactory from Mr. Abrey, and has re- mained in this business ever since, doing one of the most extensive trades in the County of Halton. He belonged to the 168 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Peel Rifles, and was a non-commissioned officer. In 1879 he was elected to the town council of Milton, and re-elected in 1883. He subsequently had the opportunity of again entering the council, but refused. Mr. Lindsay, it may be said, devotes his ability, time and enterprise entirely to his own mills. He belongs to the Orange so- ciety, and he has been deputy-master for several years. He has travelled through all Canada, and most of the United States. He is an Episcopalian in religion, and in politics a staunch Conservative. He was married in 1855 to Miss Pirsis Jane Church, daughter of the late Oranage Church, of the County of Peel, and one of the most prominent persons in the county. Mr. Lindsay has had a family of eleven children, all of which are living. Allen, Thomas, Aiderman, Toronto, was born in the County of Armagh, Ire- land, on May 31st, 1831, and was a son of William Allen, a worthy and highly respect- able farmer, who from his fine and im- posing stature was known to his neighbours and the country folk around by the sobriquet of "Big William Allen." Thomas Allen was sent to the Irish National schools, and his studies comprehended the ordinary branches of reading, writing and arithmetic. The knowledge received at these schools, however, in the case of the ambitious young Allen, was only a foundation upon which to rear a structure of practical experience. As soon as the lad had completed his studies he went to work upon his father's farm, and strove there faithfully till he was nineteen years old. Then came the failure of the potato crop in Ireland, with its attendant famine and horror. With the thousands who fled from the stricken land was young Allen, and he turned his face westward, and sailed for Canada in 1850, but was not long out from land when there came violent weather and the ship was tossed about for fourteen days. Then she returned into the Cove of Cork, and our subject, glad of the rescue from almost total shipwreck, retired to his home, where he remained for nearly a year. The following year he set out again, and arriving in Toronto, went to his cousin, Samuel Platt, who kept a brewery where the gas works noW stand. In this establishment he learned the brewing and malting bi siness, and at such occupation has he, in the main, been engaged from that day to this. Here he took engagements as brewer and fore- man. He was likewise for a time in the establishment of W. Copeland. In 1868 he joined in partnership with Hugh Thomp- son and leased the East End Brewery. In 1875 he purchased his partner's interest in the business, and continued the establish- ment alone. He has not accumulated a very large fortune, but Mr. Allen now re- tired from the business with a very consider- able income. He belonged to the volun- teers over a quarter of a century ago, and again volunteered in 1866 when the Fenians- were crossing over to Ridgeway. He went to Thorold as sergeant of No. 10 Com- pany, Tenth Royals, but the company's, services were not required. Shortly after- wards he retired from the regiment. Mr. Allen is now serving his sixth year as aider- man, and is popular and respected, not for much speaking,, but for honest, straight- forward and well-judged conduct. Mr. Allen has grown up with the city, and thoroughly understands its needs. He be- longs to the Orange and Freemason societies, and to the Irish Protestant Benevolent As- sociation. In politics Mr. Allen has always- been a consistent Conservative. He has been twice married, first to Miss Margaret Brown, whose family belonged to the county of Grey. They were married in 1857, and she died in 1873. He married again in 1877 his present wife, who was a daughter of the late Edward Beckett, the well-known iron- founder and temperance advocate. Our subject has had twelve children, and ten are living, and two are dead. Mr. Allen though well advanced in years, devotes his whole time to the interest of the people,, and is a staunch supporter of the Episcopal church. Crooks, Hon. Adam, LL.B., late Minister of Education for the Province of Ontario, was the son of Honourable James Crooks, a gentleman who took a prominent and creditable part in pub- lic affairs. Adam Crooks was born at "The Homestead," in the township of West Flamboro', Wentworth, on the 11th of December, 1827. The family is of Scot- tish descent, and settled in Canada in 1794. Young Crooks attended the public schools in his own neighbourhood, and in his twelfth year he entered Upper Canada Col- lege. In his eighteenth year he matriculated at King's College-now the University of Toronto-and stood first in classics. In hi& second quarter he took the Wellington scholarship, and, when graduating, carried off the gold medal for classics and the first silver medal for metaphysics. He now began the study of law, and was called to the bar of Upper Canada in 1851. He opened an office in Toronto, where he soon establishe d. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 169 a lucrative practice. His business habits were very correct, and in his profession he was painstaking and thorough. The degree of M.A. was conferred upon him in 1852, and in 1856 he married Emily, youngest daughter of the late General Thomas Evans, C.B., of Montreal, a distinguished officer who fought at Lundy's Lane in 1812. His wife died at Toronto in 1868. In 1863 Mr. Crooks received the degree of LL.B., and the following year was elected vice-chancel- lor of the University of Toronto, which position he held till 1872, when he resigned. In 1863 he was created a Queen's counsel. In politics Mr. Crooks was a Liberal. In 1867 the Reform party was badly in need of new blood, and leading members pressed Mr. Crooks to offer himself for parliament. He, therefore, offered himself for the West Riding of Toronto, for the provincial legis- lature, but was unsuccessful. Four years later, however, he carried the same con- stituency. In the Blake administration Mr. Crooks was attorney-general. When Mr. Mowat re-constructed his Cabinet in Octo- ber, 1872, Mr. Crooks became provincial treasurer, and to this department was ad- ded, in 1876, that of minister of education. In 1875 he was defeated for East Toronto, but was soon afterwards elected for South Oxford. He resigned the provincial treas- urership in 1877, Hon. S. C. Wood taking that office. Mr. Crooks, a cultured scholar himself, always took the deepest interest in education. A labour of love as well as of duty was his administration in the Educa- tion department, but he did not escape cen- sure. His opponents railed at him bitterly for what they called his bigotry and his par- tizanship. It has always seemed to the writer that, to a large extent, Mr. Crooks was made the scapegoat of his party. He had to bear upon his own shoulders alone sins which often were not his own, but those of his col- leagues and the department. Education was made to pay tribute to party expediency, as every other department in the public service is, and Mr. Crooks was held responsible. But when his health and mind gave way, there was not, so far as this writer has seen, any one among his colleagues, among those colleagues who had manipulated education to their own ends, to stand up and say a word for him. Indeed by their silence they affected to be a little scandalized themselves at the state into which educational affairs had fallen. Mr. Crooks had a number of faults as an administrator. He wavered at the time when firmness was required, and every now and again threw the department into the throes of a general change. Out of this grew dissatisfaction over the country out of it grew the disgusting rivalry between publishers, and the demoralizing scenes of canvassing and bribery among school boards and school trustees which afterwards pre- vailed throughout the province. But for this, even, Mr. Crooks was only in a mea- sure responsible. He should get credit for all that he did in the cause of education. He was always courteous, and won the good will even of those who differed from his judgment and his methods. Burgess, Alexander Mackiunon.. Ottawa, Deputy Minister of the Interior of Canada, was born on the 21st of October, 1850, at Strathspey, Inverness-shire, Scot- land. He is a son of John Burgess, by Ann Davidson, nee Mackinnon. Young Burgess was educated at the parish school of Advie, at the Grammar School of Aber- deen, and at the University of Aberdeen. His first public office was that of editor and chief reporter of the debates of the House of Commons, at the inception of the official reports in 1875, and as editor and chief reporter of the debates of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada in 1876. On the 1st of November, 1876, he was appoint- ed private secretary to the Honourable David Mills, then Minister of the Interior. On the 1st January, 1882, he was appointed secretary of the Department of the Interior, and on the 1st July, 1883, was created deputy Minister of the Interior. Mr. Bur- gess has visited Manitoba and the North- West territories, on various occasions, in connection with his official duties in the De- partment of the Interior ; and he also visited Washington in the winter of 1885 on official business. On the 7th July, 1873, Mr. Bur- gess married Maggie Beatrice Anderson, daughter of Thomas Anderson, of Portsoy, Scotland, poet and publisher. Before com- ing to Canada, Mr. Burgess was a clerk in the employment of the great North of Scot- land Railway in 1867. He joined the press of Scotland in 1869, and on his arrival in this country, in 1871, became a member of the reporting staff of the Toronto Globe. He attended the sessions of parliament in that capacity in 1872, 1873 and 1874. He became editor of the Ottawa Times, on the 1st July, 1874, and subsequently purchased that newspaper from McLean, Roger & Company, parliamentary printers, but sold it to Isaac B. Taylor in the summer of 1876. Very soon thereafter, as already stated, he entered the civil service as private secretary to the Hon. David Mills. Much might be 170 A CYCLOPEDIA OF added to the table of events in the career of Mr. Burgess ; but the editor will content himself with adding the testimony of those well qualified to speak respecing our sub- ject's official qualities. These, we believe, are well known to be painstaking zeal in office, and courtesy, fair dealing, and effi- cient administration as a public servant. Robertson, James Smith, Whitby, the enterprising and successful publisher, printer, etc., whom we have chosen as the subject of this sketch, was born at Toronto, on the 6th of April, 1853. He is a son of the lately deceased and lamented John W. Robertson, and Mary, nee Smith, who is still alive. Young Robertson received a very careful education. He was first sent to a private school, and when he had com- pleted the studies prescribed there, he en- tered the Victoria street public school. Al- though he made a very creditable display at his task, and was very fond of his books, yet he suddenly took it into his head to leave school, and seek for employment, which he found in a grocery store, where he remained for six months. But the grocery trade was not to his liking, and we soon find our enter- prising lad engaged in the book business with R. S. Thompson. He retained this position for two years, after which he went into the store of A. S. Irving, and remained with him for the next eight years. In July, 1874, he removed to Whitby, Ontario, where he had persuaded himself there was an opening for the book business. Here he commenced in the retail trade, and he had fair success. In 1880 he opened a printing office, and being joined by his brothers, issued a paper called the Saturday Night. This publication was continued for three years, when Mr. Robertson bought out the Whitby Chronicle, merging the two papers into one. He has continued since to be the proprietor and editor of the Chronicle, and it is hardly necessary for the writer of this sketch to inform his readers that the news- paper in its own field, which is not a narrow -one, has since held an influential, worthy and profitable position. Mr. Robertson seemed to have set out with the.idea that the best way to kill opposition is to bribe it out of existence ; so he began by buying out rivals whom he regarded as a menace to his success. This explains why it is that we see the little Saturday Night absorbed by the long established Whitby Chronicle. In 1882 Mr. Robertson decided to try his for- tune in the book trade in Toronto, and he purchased the book, periodical and general •stationery store known as Wilkinson's, sit- uate on the corner of Toronto and Adelaide streets, and this is now one of the most popular news, book and general stationery depots in Toronto. The excellent business instincts, and the courtesy of the proprietor are revealed through the establishment. Mr. Robertson has had his turn at public life among his other employments. In 1881 he was elected councillor for Whitby, and has been re-elected to that office ever since. He has held the important offices of chairman of the fire and water committee ; also of the finance and assessment committees. Mr. Robertson joined Eastern Star Lodge of Oddfellows in 1875, and he also belongs to Charter Lodge of the A.O. U. W. in Whitby. Mr. Robertson is a member of St. An- drew's church board of management, and for some time he held the position of president of the Young Men's Association. He has always taken an active part in temperance work, and he was president of the Blue Ribbon organization, and the secretary to the Scott Act organization during its exist- ence in Whitby. His tastes are strongly inclined toward politics, and he is well known as one of the truest and most solid Liberals in Ontario. In 1879 he married Annie Moore Kerry, and by this union has four children. The Robertson Brothers, lately sold out their book business in Whit- by, and now confine themselves there to publishing the Chronicle. They have also retired from the retail book business in Toronto, and have opened handsome and commodious premises for their subscription book department in the Mail building, to which branch the subject of our sketch de- votes a large portion of his time. He is genial and cheerful in all his relations, and enjoys respect and much good will. Mallon, John, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born at Middletown, County Armagh, Ireland, on the 22nd of September, 1836. He was the youngest son of James and Margaret Mallon, who emi- grated with their family to Canada in 1847, and settled in Toronto. A few weeks after their arrival the father died of a malignant fever, which was raging at the time. Mr. Mallon attended one of the city schools for about three years. After leaving school he was apprenticed as a salesman in the butcher- ing business in the St. Lawrence market. He being of a delicate constitution, and knowing that this was a healthful business, and one which required little capital at that time to begin with, he was induced to enter it. In 1861 he commenced business for himself in stall No. 14 in the St. Lawrence market, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 171 and succeeded so well, that in 1864 he found it necessary to add No. 16, which he leased from his former employer, Mr. Murphy, whom he had served as apprentice and fore- man. In 1865 he found it necessary to add another stall, No. 12, and his premises then formed the best business stand of its kind in Toronto. At this time he took his brother- in-law, Michael J. Woods (now city aider- man) into partnership, and the business was then carried on under the firm name of John Mallon & Co., and was continued under this name until Mr. Woods was elected aiderman, when he retired, leaving Mr. Mallon the sole proprietor of the business, who with his usual tact still carries it on. Mr. Mallon was a trustee for one of the separate schools in West York, for a number of years ; and he was aiderman of the City of Toronto during the years 1873 and 1874, and then retired, declining to run again for office. In 1876 Mr. Mallon was appointed a justice of the peace. He held the office of treasurer of the village of Brockton from its incorporation, in 1880, until its annexation to the City of Toronto, in 1884. He was an honourary director of the Toronto Savings Bank for a number of years, and when it was amalgamated with the Home Loan and Savings Company, he became a stockholder of that company. He has also been con- nected with several enterprises, such as shipping cured meats to Liverpool, London and Glasgow, and has likewise engaged in the live-stock export trade. He also deals extensively in real estate. In religion Mr. Mallon is a much respected member of the Roman catholic church. In politics he is an intelligent Liberal, and has held the position of chairman of the Reform Asso- ciation in St. Mark's Ward. He married, in 1862, Ellen E. Woods, a daughter of James and Ellen Woods, of the County of Longford, Ireland. He has eleven children living, one of whom, the eldest, is pre- paring himself for a profession, and is an undergraduate of the University of Toronto, and at the time of examination at the model school in 1882, he took the highest honours, winning the governor-general's medal. In private life Mr. Mallon is genial and kindly, and has the warm regard of many personal friends. John F. Mallon, his second son, assists in the general management of the business at St. Lawrence market. Landry, Auguste Charles Philippe Robert, A.B., Quebec, Knight Commander of the Military Order of the Holy Sepul- chre ; Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great; Lt. Colonel of the 61st Battalion of Montmagny and L'Islet ; President of the Quebec Conservative Association ; Vice- president of the Union Agricole Nationale of the Province of Quebec ; President of the Montmagny Agricultural Society ; Secretary of the Montmayny No. 3 Colonization Society ; Member of the Entomological So- ciety of Canada ; Member of the Biblio- graphical Society of Paris, etc., was born at Quebec, 15th January, 1846. He is a son of the late Dr. J. E. Landry, by the late Caroline E., wee Lelievre. Dr. Landry was, in his time, the first surveon of the Province of Quebec, one of the founders of the Laval University, in which he was a professor for nearly thirty years, and at the date of his death (17th June, 1884), proprietor of one- half of the Quebec Lunatic Asylum. The family is of Acadian extraction, their ances- tors having came from Anjou, and settled in Acadia at Beau bassin. They were scattered in 1755 by the British troops, and came to Canada, and settled in Bonaventure county, at Tracadieche (since Carleton), where Mr. Landry's father and grandfather were born. In 1855 M. Landry entered the Levis Col- lege, where he remained for two years under the tutorship of the well-known Frere Her- menigilde. In 1857 he commenced his classical studies at the Quebec Seminary ; leaving this institution in July, 1866, after having obtained most successfully his de- grees of B. A. He was, in the years 1865-66, named assistant-professor of the course of chemistry at the Laval University, which position he occupied once more in 1866-67. At that time he was asked by the late Dr. Hubert Larue to analyse the different alco- holic beverages of the City of Quebce. On this occasion he published a scientific pamph- let, " Les boissons alcoholiques et leurs fal- sifications," which contained the result of all his different analyses. In the fall of 1866 he entered St. Anne's Agricultural College, which he left in the winter of 1867, to re- turn to his Chemical studies at Laval University. He came back in the spring, but left definitely in the fall of 1867. He became professor of agriculture at the Que- bec Normal School, and ex-officio a member of the Agricultural Board of Trade. In the beginning of the spring (1868), he had, in the Quebec newspapers, a very hot contest with Mr. L'Abbe Pilote on agricultural matters. At that time he left for St. Roch des Aulnets, where he spent the whole spring and part of the summer in learning agricultural practice, on the well-known farm of M. J. Bte.-Dupuis, ex-deputy of the County of L'lslet. In this same year 172 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF (1868), Dr. Landry purchased from the Que- bec archbishop, the valuable property he possessed at St. Pierre Riviere du Sud, in the County of Montmagny, and on the 1st October, 1868, M. Landry took possess- ion of his new home. On the 6th of the same month he was married, and constantly lived at St. Pierre until March, 1881. He then left St. Pierre, and in view of helping his father in the management of the Quebec Lunatic Asylum, took up his residence on Beauport road, at Villa Mastai, formerly the residence of Dr. James Douglas. Mr. Landry has since become the proprietor of that villa, as he also became one of the proprietors of the Quebec Lunatic Asy- lum, on the death of his father. During his stay at St. Pierre, M. Landry devoted his whole time to farming and politics ; and in 1871 he took a prominent part in G. Bosse's election. The following year Hon. M. Beaubien, Commissioner of Crown Lands, was defeated by M. Taschereau in the general elections for the Dominion Par- liament. M. Landry fought the battles of the two campaigns, and this brought him into notice ; and in November, 1873, when M. Fournier was sworn in a Minister of the Crown, M. Landry was selected by the Conservative party to fight M. Langelier, the Liberal candidate for Montmagny. M. Landry was defeated by a majority of 189. In 1875 a general election took place, and the same two candidates ran one against the other, but victory crowned M. Landry's persistency, and M. Langelier was defeated by eight votes M. Landry delivered, in the fall of 1875, the answer to the address from the Throne. In 1876 the court of elec- tions, composed of Justices Routhier, Marc- Aurele Plamondon and Wilfrid Dorion, annulled M. Landry's election, and dis- qualified him, Justice Routhier dissentiente. This has been held since to have been merely a political and partisan judgment. M. Landry appealed to Her Majesty's Privy Council, but was refused ; and he then pub- lished his defence in a pamphlet, entitled "Ou est la disgrace," in which he pointed out and proved, the partisanship of Justice Plamondon and Dorion, the two Liberals who condemned him. In 1878, at the gen- eral elections for the Dominion Parliament, M. Landry was again selected by the Con- servative party as its candidate, and suc- ceeded in defeating M. Carbonneau, his op- ponent, by 38 of a majority. Again in 1882 M Landry carried his election, beating his opponent, M. Choquette, by 120 votes of a majority. M. Landry was made captain of No. 2 Company, 61st Battalion, in 1869 ; and he was called twice to the front in 1870 during the Fenian invasion. He had, the second time, the command of the whole bat- talion. When Lt.-Colonel Beaubien died (1877), leaving the command to Lt.-Colonel Coif er, he acted as major ; and when Lt.- Colonel Colfer retired, he was promoted Lt.-Colonel, and is now in command of the 61 st. He was a cadet of the military school, where he took his second class certificate in 1865, and obtained his first-class certificate before a special board in 1884. He was offered, and accepted in 1875, the command of the Canadian Wimbledon team. In 1873 he was called to the Quebec Agricultural Council, and for an essay on Agriculture, he obtained the first prize, a gold medal. He went to Europe in 1880, accompanying his father, who travelled for the sake of re- storing his health, and he visited England, France, Italy and Switzerland. He return- ed to Rome in 1883 to plead before the Papal Court of the Propaganda, the cele- brated case, Landry vs. Hamel, and was then created a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great. In 1881 he was a delegate to a mass meeting of the French- Canadians at Burlington, and delivered a patriotic speech of the festival of the 24th June. He is a Roman catholic, and is opposed to all secret societies, because he says they are forbidden by natural law, and the laws of the church. He delivered on March 4th, 1880, in the House of Commons, a remarkable speech on the relations be- tween Church and State, a speech which brought him the congratulations of all the bishops of the Province of Quebec. He is a Conservative and protectionist. He mar- ried on the 6th October, 1868, Wilhelmina, daughter of the late Captain Etienne Cou- ture, and he has had six children, two of whom are living. Toller, Captain Fred., Ottawa, Compti oiler of Dominion Currency, and the subject of this sketch, was born in England on J une 21st, 1841. He received his edu- cation in England, and as he was approach- ing man's estate, set sail for Canada. On the 30th September, 1871, he entered the civil service uf the Federal Government, as senior second-class clerk. On the 1st of July, 1873, he was promoted to a first-class. From the 1st of January, 1879, to June 30th, 1881, he was private secretary to Sir Leonard Tilley, Minister of Finance. On the 1st of July, 1881, he was appointed comptroller of Dominion Currency, and that position he holds at the present time. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 173 But Mr. Toller did not become entirely ab- sorbed in the civil service, like so many in that body, who are content to let the great outside world wag so long as pay-day dawns once in the month. He always felt and ex- hibited a great deal of interest in military matters ; and is at the present time captain of the Governor-General's Foot Guards, at Ottawa. To be at once a good officer, and a popular one, is an extremely difficult double task, but it is one that Captain Toller has accomplished most perfectly. His capacity for organization is very marked, and he has complete control of his men, who give him obedience, respect and good-will. As a de- partmental officer, Captain Toller is acknow- ledged to be very superior. He married on the 11th of July, 1872, Annie, third daugh- ter of Z. Chipman, of St. Stephen, New Brunswick. Nairn, Alexander, Toronto, is one of those Scotchmen who are endowed with pluck, and despite the attractions of native country, leave it for the purpose of advanc- ing their fortune, and who, in the majority of cases, succeed. The subject of this sketch was born in the City of Glasgow, on the 22nd of March, 1832 ; and his parents were John Nairn and Margaret Kirkland. His father was well known in Glasgow as a large mill owner a d grain merchant, and for a number of years carried on the Garroch Flour Mills, near the Three Tree Well, on the river Kelvin; and later on, the Wash- ington Flour Mills, of Glasgow. Alexander received his early education at the Normal School, and afterwards finished it in Flint's Academy, Glasgow ; and when he left Prin- cipal Flint, he had what nearly all Scotch boys have, a fair and useful knowledge of things generally worth knowing. At the age of sixteen he entered his father's office, as an assistant in the business. In 1851 his father died, leaving six children, Alexander being the eldest son. The whole manage- ment of the business now devolved upon him, and for five years he carried it on very successfully. In 1856, having sold out the business in Glasgow, he joined his mother and brothers in Stirlingshire, where they had already purchased a mill and a farm. Here, however, Mr. Nairn could not con- tent himself, and he left for Canada, and landed in Toronto in 1857. He did not re- main long in this city, but removed to Rock- wood village, County of Wellington, On- tario, with the object in view of studying and making himself proficient in the system of grain purchasing and milling, then car- ried on in the county. In 1858 he com- menced business for himself in Rockwood, as a general store-keeper, and grain com- mission merchant, and had the honour of being among the first to ship grain over that section of the Grand Trunk Railway, and this was in a large degree the means of building up Rockwood. In 1865 he pur- chased the Everton flour and saw mills, and also the farm, and carried them on with his other business, while at the- same time he took a very active part in the erection of a Presbyterian church and public school, and was one of its trustees. On his departure in 1874 for Torjnto, the inhabitants of the village, as an expression of their gratitude for what he had done for the place, pre- sented he and Mrs. Nairn with a hand- some illuminated address, accompanied with a beautiful mantel-piece ornament. While in Rockwood, Mr. Nairn became one of the directors of the Toronto Fuel Association ; and in 1871, becoming interested in the coal mines of Ohio, he was the first to introduce into Canada the celebrated Streetsville coal. In 1875, Mr. Nairn entered into partner- ship with his brother Stephen, under the name and style of A. & S. Nairn, wharfin- gers and coal merchants, and shortly after, the firm built one of the finest docks in the city, and which is known as the Nairn Docks. Mr. Nairn, apart from A. & S. Nairn, still carried on several contracts, and supplied, among others, the Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways with wood, giving employment to a large number of men in the State of Michigan, as well as along the Buffalo and Goderich Railway, in making and delivering timber and rail- way ties. He was also interested in the lake trade, and a large shareholder in the Western Transportation Coal Co. ; and in 1879 he was elected a director of the To- ronto, Grey and Bruce Railway. In 1880 he purchased the flour, saw and woollen mills at Hanover, in the County of Bruce, and this property is still controlled by him. In 1884 the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Nairn virtually retired from active busi- ness. In 1865 he was elected to the Corn Exchange, which is now known as the Board of Trade, and in which he still holds a seat. He is a director of the London and Ontario Investment Co., and is also on the directorate of several other institutions. In religion Mr. Naira is a Presbyterian, and belongs to St. James' Square Church, and is the chairman of its board of management, In politics he is a Reformer, and takes an active interest in all public questions. He was married, in 1864, to Elizabeth Ann 174 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Davis, daughter of the late Frederick Davis, St. Helier's, Island of Jersey. As will be seen, Mr. Nairn's business career has been a very successful one, and is worthy of imita- tion by our young men. Now that he is able to take the world easy, we hope he will be long spared to enjoy the abundant fruits of his industry, and help in all the good movements that have for their object the bettering of the world. Dcive, John, Chief Dominion Inspec- tor of Post Offices, Ottawa, was born at Stockwell, near London, England, on the Sth of July, 1821. His father was Henry Tombs Dewe, a merchant in the City of London, and the eldest son of the Rev. John Dewe, vicar of Breadsail, near Derby. The family, of which there are several inter- esting records in the Bodlean library, at Ox- ford, is of Norman origin, the name being formerly spelled D'Eu and D'Ewe. His mother's maiden name was Eliza Prior ; and she was a daughter of Thomas Prior, of Desford, near Leicester. Our subject was educated at a private school near London, but on the death of his father, obtained, at the age of seventeen, a situation as clerk in the secretary's office of the General Post Office, St. Martin's le-Grand, in which be served for five years. During a portion of this time, he sat at the next desk to that occupied by Anthony Trollope, the novelist. Sir John Tilley, who was some years after- wards secretary to the department, was a clerk in the same office. In July, 1843, he was appointed by the Postmaster-General to a surveyorship in the Canadian Post Office, which at that time was under Im- perial control. He served as surveyor for the Central Postal District, with headquar- ters at Kingston, until shortly af er the transfer of the Post Office to Provincial management in the year 1851, when he was appointed P. O. Inspector for the Toronto Postal Division, with headquarters at Tor- onto. At the time of the Trent affair, in March, 1862, he joined the Civil Service Co. of the Queen's Own. He resigned his commission in this corps in 1863. He re- mained at Toronto umil Oct., 1870, when he was appointed Chief P. O. Inspector for the Dominion of Canada, with headquarters at Ottawa. He has travelled in his official capacity through all the provinces of the Dominion. He has also visited, when on leave of absence, France, Belgium and Ger- many. In religion he has been a member of the Church of England from his youth upwards. Inspector Dewe w is married at Perth, Ont., on the 31st of October, 1850, to Clara Alicia, daughter of Colonel Henry Nelles, of Grimsby, Ontario, who served with the Canadian troops in the war of 1812, He is now a widower, his late wife having died on the 25th of June, 1885. He has no sons. His only daughter is mar- ried to L. K. Jones, of the department of Railways and Canals. Ross, Arthur Wellington, M.P., for Lisgar, Winnipeg, was born on the 25th of March, 1846. in the township of East Wil- liams, Middlesex county. His father, Don- ald Ross, was born in Tain, and his mother, Margaret Ross, in Glasgow, Scotland. By his birth he secured the traits of character peculiar to both branches of the Scottish family. Donald Ross was the eldest son of Arthur Ross of the 78th Highlanders, who fought in twenty-five battles, and was woun- ded five times. He served under Sir Ralph Abercrombie and the Duke of Wellington, and he lost his eye-sight with the sands of Egypt, but regained it again. He settled in the township of Adelaide, Middlesex co. His granofather died aged 85 ; his widow died afterwards, aged 94 years. Our subject was educated in the public schools at Nairn and London ; at the Wardsville Grammar School ; at Toronto Normal School, and at the University College. From the latter institution he graduated as B.A. In his studies he paid special attention to the En- glish branches as contradistinguished from the classicai. In his early life he worked on the farm, and performed the various kinds of work incident thereto. He always had simple tastes and habits, and was extremely cautious in making any step. He began life by school-teaching at $17 per month, and at this calling he accumulated some money, and speculated in oil lands during the oil excite- ment in Ontario. He increased his small sum largely, then went to the Toronto Univer- sity. Eventually he lost the money made by his earlier enterprise, and again began work at school-teaching, becoming head master of the school in Cornwall, where he taught for two years. He afterwards became inspector of schools for the County of Glengarry, under the then new Public School Act, remodeled the whole system of instruction in the county, and gave general satisfaction. In 1872, during holidays, he visited Manitoba, and was obliged to travel by stage from Breckenridge to Winnipeg, a distance of nearly 300 miles ; an t had a varied experi- ence in travelling by buckboard on the prai- ries. By this he acquired such a knowledge of the country that he became impressed with its varied resources. In 1874 he again visit- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 175 ed Manitoba, and invested money in Winni- peg. In October of 1874, he resigned his position as inspector of schools, and became a law student in the firm of Crooks, Kings- mill & Cattenach, Toronto. He remained there until May, 1877, when he moved to Winnipeg, and joined his brother, the late W. H. Ross. He was admitted to the bar of Manitoba in February, 1878, when the firm then became Ross & Ross, and took the lead in the land business, pushing claims for pat- ents for homesteads, and purchasing scrip and half-breed claims. In 1879 the firm was joined by A. C. Killam, now Justice Killam of the Court of Queen's Bench, Manitoba, and it became solicitors for the Ontario Bank, Manitoba Mortgage and Investment Company, Quebec Mortgage and Investment Company, the British Canadian Loan Com- pany, and afterwards the Bank of Nova Scotia, and worked up a large general busi- ness. Subsequently the firm became Ross, Killam & Haggart. In 1878, Mr. Ross was returned for Springfield for the local assem- bly of Manitoba, as an opponent of the Nor- quay government,but when the French went into opposition, he signed the round robin to support Mr. Norquay, if he would carry out a certain programme. On an appeal to the county on the new issue, he was again returned for Springfield. He supported the government loyally, and gave them every assistance, until he was convinced it had ceased to be no party, and became thor- oughly conservative. In 1882 he Trsig ed his seat in Springfield to contest the County of Lisgar with Dr., (now Senator), Schultz He was pressed to enter the contest by prominent men of both parties, and asked to run as an independent. He accepted, and ran on this ticket, and was elected. The firm of Ross & i oss made large purchases of real estate in Manitoba, which, after the senior partner's death, Mr. Ross kept up He holds lands and town property over the whole of the North-West, and is a half pro- prietor in the Birtle saw mills and limits. He was the patentee and had the naming of the City of Brandon, and spent a large amount of money in its development. He has taken a deep interest in the discovery and development of coal and other miner- als from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains, and is the largest real estate operator and owner in the North-West. Mr. Ross to< k the necessary steps to secure for the N<>rih-West a loan company, which resulted in the Manitoba Mortgage and Investimnt Company being started, and was one of its first local directors, and was also the pro- moter and one of the directors and treasurer of the Winnipeg Gas Company ; a director of the Winnipeg Water Works Company; was vice-president of the M. and N. W. Railway; a director of the proposed Hudson Bay Rail- way, Winnipeg and S. E. Railway ; Winni- peg Street Railway, and Assiniboine and Red River Bridge Company, and he has been connected with nearly every other enterprise for the advancement and development of the North-West. Mr. Ross was one of the first benchers of the Law Society, having been elected in 1880, under the new Act. He also took an active part in military matters, and was for three years a private in No. 9 Uni- versity Corps, Queen's Own Rifles. He has travelled a good deal in England and the United States. Mr. Ross has been identified with the Liberal party, although elected as an Independent for Lisgar, but opposed the Opposition in their policy with regard to granting aid to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. In religion Mr. Ross is a Presby- terian. He was married, 30th July, 1873, to Jessie Flora, daughter of the late Donald Cattanach, of Laggan, Glengarry, by whom he has had thrre children, two sons and a daughter. In habits he is quiet, yet liberal and very social. In all matters he is plucky ami enterprising, the last two qualities be- ing the secret of his successful career. With the public he is very popular, and in social life has many warm friends. Frankland, Henry Robertshaw,. Toronto, was born in the village ot Chester, Don and Danforth road, county and town- ship of York, on the 1st day of September, 1858. His parents were Garrett F. Frank- land and Jane Nelson. Mr. Frankland came to this country in 1854, and settled in Toronto, where he has remained ever since, doing an extensive export trade (for fuller particulars vide sketch, page 78, of Garrett F. Frankland). Henry Robertshaw Frank- land received a common school education, and after leaving school entered as an ap- prentice in the butchering business with his father, in St. Lawrence market. In 1876, at the age of eighteen, he commenced busi- ness for himself in his father's old stand, which had been closed for about two years. Here he was obliged to build up a new trade in opposition to the old traders in the mar- ket, and, through energy and attention to business, he has succeeded. In 1883 he was elected deputy reeve for the township of York, and was re-elected for the years 1884 and 1885, and this office he now holds. He is also a member of the county council of York, and in 1884 he was appointed a jus- 176 A CYCLOPEDIA OF tice of the peace. He is an extensive stock- holder in the Grip Publishing Co., and in •the Central Bank. He is a Freemason, and a member of the ancient order of United Workmen. Mr. Frankland has crossed the Atlantic eight times, visiting all points of interest in Great Britain and Ireland, and on one occasion, combining business with pleasure, he disposed of a cargo of cattle. He has also travelled through nearly the whole of the United States, visiting the principal cities. In religion he belongs to the Church of England, and in politics is a Reformer. He married on the 19th day of November, 1879, Mary Catherine Smith, •daughter of William Smith, carriage manu- facturer, in Toronto, and by this lady has two daughters. In private and social life Mr. Frankland has lots of friends and in business circles is highly respected. Howe, Hon. Joseph.-The late Hon. Mr. Howe was born at the North-west Arm, about two miles from Halifax, in December, 1804. His father was John Howe, a U. E. loyalist, who was at one time a printer in Boston, but,who subsequently became a writer for the newspapers. It may here be said that the word U. E. loyalist passes current in all parts of Canada as an equiva- lent for aristocrat,our people taking, it would seem, almost for granted that all those who gathered up their movables, after the colon- ies had effected their independence, were high society gentlemen, and in some way personal friends, if not blood relations, of the Crown. The truth of the matter is that the U. E. loyalists comprised all sorts of people, unlettered yeomen, eleemosynary shoemakers, printers, blacksmiths, weavers, spinners, and a few handfuls of gentlemen who had a little blue china, and whose ances- tors came out in the Mayflower. When these loyalists settled in the loyal provinces that now form Canada.the Crown could not be so ungrateful as to let them go unrecompensed for the sacrifices they had made at the dic- tates of their devotion ; for it is not to be disputed that a number of the refugees really did make sacrifices to their loyalty. For hundreds, however, the war might be regard- ed as a perfect god-send. They left their empty shoe-making stalls, and were pre- sented with a large tract of land in Ontario, Nova Scotia, or New Brunswick, in con- sideration of their " devotion." But to return to Joseph Howe. He went to school in an irregular fashion in Halifax, and picked up the rudiments of a rough- and-ready sort of education. He was of a rugged frame, had an exuberance of animal spirits, and was fond of crag, and forest, and hill. He had indeed, those who knew him say, the "poetic temperament,"- though it must be confessed that he did not show much of it in the verses, by so many called poetry, which he afterwards wrote. In 1817 he began to learn the print- ing business at the Gazette office, Halifax. This paper was owned by his younger bro- ther, John. He served out his full appren- ticeship, and then engaged himself in journeyman printing work. While learning his trade young Howe is said to have read voraciously every book that he could lay hands upon. He also published in the Gazette a lot of verses, which, however, did not amount to very much as poetry. "One morning," says a Canadian writer, "while taking a solitary swim in the Arm, he was seized with cramp and felt himself sinking. He cast an agonized look round, and caught sight of the dearly-loved cottage on the hillside, where his mother was just placing a lighted canlde on the window-sill. The thopght of the grief which would oversha- dow that mother's heart on the morrow in- spired him with strength to give a last de- spairing kick. The kick dispelled the cramp, and, hastily swimming ashore, he sank down exhausted, but thankful for his deliverance. It was long before he could summon cour- age to acquaint his parents with the circum- stance." Joseph Howe began a newspaper business on his own account, in 1827, be- coming part proprietor of the Weekly Chron- icle, the name of which was afterwards changed to that of the Acadian. He soon sold out the latter, and purchased the Nova Scotian. In this newspaper he wrote with great earnestness, eloquence, and force. His style was pregnant, trenchant, and sometimes overwhelming. He married, in 1828, Catharine Susan Ann, a daughter of captain John McNab, of the Nova Scotia Fencibles. Mr. Howe's celebrated Legislative Review began to appear in 1830, and at- tracted wide notice. In 1835 he published an article which the oligarchists could not tolerate, and he was indicted for libel. He consulted various lawyers. " There can be no successful defence made for you," they all said, and some invited him to make a humble apology, and throw himself upon the mercy of his prosecutors. He borrowed a lot of law books, read all he could find on libel, and convinced himself that the learned men of the law were wrong. He pleaded his own case, and his heart be- came comforted, as he saw among the jurors an old man, with tears streaming from his CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 177 eyes. The jury returned in ten minutes with a verdict of " not guilty," and the lawyers who had said, "he who pleads his own case has a fool for a client " were in a way dumbfounded. From this day forward Mr. Howe was a noted man. In 1836 he was elected to parliament for the County of Halifax ; and two years later he travelled through Europe, in company with Judge Haliburton, better known as "Sam Slick." Howe returned in 1838 and plunged into public work again. Sir Colin Campbell, the iron-headed autocrat, who was then gover- nor, could not understand what the "com- mon " people meant by talking about their " rights," and with him, Mr. Howe, it need not be said, was at issue. On petition of the province, Governor Campbell was re- called, and was succeeded by Lord Falk- land, a son of William IV., by Mrs. Jordan. After a time Falkland became a cat's-paw in the hands of the Tories, and provoked fierce hostilities from the Liberals, at the head of whom was Joseph Howe. In 1848 the day of triumph came for the Lib- erals. Mr. N. Mackie was called upon to form a government, and Mr. Howe became provincial secretary. In 1851 he retired from the representation of Halifax ; and in 1863 he became premier, in the place of Mr. Young, who was elevated to the bench. Since the entry into public life of Dr. Tup- per, in 1855, there had been a steady, often a furious, hostility between himself and Mr. Howe. The strife was greatest between them on the question of union, to which Mr. Howe was opposed. But Dr. Tupper prevailed, not that he was a greater man than Mr. Howe ; but because luck was on his side-there be- ing a general movement in the direction of union, and the Imperial government desired the measure. When confederation was ac- complished the now almost broken-down veteran was made to see, by Sir J. A. Mac- donald, that he could be loyal to his pro- vince, by accepting the inevitable and mak- ing the best of the new order of things. Hence he entered the Dominion Cabinet in 1869 as president of the council. Ten months later he became secretary of state for the provinces and superintendent general of Indian affairs. His health was now all the while growing feebler, and his mental retro- gression seemed to keep pace with his phy- sical. In 1873 he was appointed lieutenant- governor of Nova Scotia ; but he died a few weeks afterwards. As an orator, Joseph Howe was the greatest man that the prov- inces which comprise Canada have ever pro- duced. Kumpf, Christian, Waterloo, the worthy gentleman chosen as the subject of this brief memoir, was born at Beerfelden, Hesse, Darmstadt, Germany, on the 22nd August, 1838. At an early age-when in his eighth year-he emigrated to Canada, settling at Galt, Ontario. Here he attended the common schools till he had secured an education sufficient for all his future and important business purposes. In 1862 the government appointed him the postmaster of Waterloo, the duties of which position he discharges in the most satisfactory man- ner. From 1866 to 1877 he was treasurer of the town of Waterloo, and in 1878 was elected mayor. This position he also held during 1879. The following year he was appointed town treasurer, and this impor- tant office he holds, to the satisfaction of his townsfolk, at the present date. He married in 1862. Moodie, Robert Baldwin, Toronto, was born at Belleville, Ontario, on the 8th of July, 1843. His parents were Lieutenant J. W. Dunbar Moodie, late sheriff of Hast- ings, and Susanna Moodie, nee Strickland, author of " Roughing it in the Bush" and other popular works (vide sketch of Mrs. Moodie, p. 17). Robert was educated at the Grammar School and Albert College, Belleville, St. Mary's College, Montreal, and Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec. After completing his education, in 1859, he entered his father's office in Belleville, and acted as deputy sheriff until the death of his father, Sheriff Moodie, and from 1863 to 1865 as chief clerk in the same office, under Sheriff Taylor, who succeeded his father in the shrievalty of Hastings. In 1865 he re- signed his position, and engaged in a manu- facturing business in Trenton; but in conse- quence of some inducements held out to him when started not being fulfilled, he abandoned the business, and shortly after- wards decided to remove to the United States. He, therefore, left Canada in the spring of 1865, and proceeded south, with the view of bettering his position; but after travelling six months in the States of Ken- tucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama, Lousiana and Texas, he returned to Canada, having in the meantime dis- covered that, in consequence of the very unsettled state of the United States at that time, there was very little chance of his procuring a permanent position. Soon after his return, he was offered, and accepted, the position of manager in the large art house of C. H. Williamson, Brooklyn, New York, and in this establishment he remained 178 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF until the Fenian trouble began, in 18GG, when he resigned his position, and returned, with two hundred patriotic Canadians, to assist the volunteers then stationed on the frontier for the protection of the country. He then joined the Hastings battalion, and served at Prescott until the Fenian excite- ment died out, when he took command of the schooner Alert, of Belleville, and sailed Lake Ontario for the balance of the year. In October, 1866, Mr. Moodie entered the service of the Grand Trunk Railway Com- pany, as freight clerk at Seaforth. He was promoted to the agency at Brantford in 1868, contracting agent for the western dis- trict in 1875, and agent at Toronto in 1881, when he resigned his connection with the Grand Trunk Railway Company, and was appointed by the Dominion Government to take charge of the western freight and pas- senger business, Intercolonial Railway Com- pany, in Toronto. Mr. Moodie joined the Masons in 1863, and continues to take a lively interest in all that pertains to this ancient order. Mr. Moodie is a member of the Episcopal church, and in politics is a Conservative. On the 27th June, 1863, he married Sarah Ellen Russell, of Belleville, and has six children alive-four girls and two boys. Mr. Moodie has proved himself to be a true patriot, and a worthy son of worthy parents. Grant, Rev. George Monro, D.D., Principal of Queen's University and College, Kingston, Ontario, was born on the 22nd De- cember, 1835, at Stellarton (Albion Mines), a village situated on the East River, in the County of Pictou, Nova Scotia. His father, who was a native of Scotland, taught a school in the village where our distinguish- ed subject was born and reared. He was respected by those who knew him for his fine abilities and uprightness of charac- ter. The family removed to Pictou, and young George Monro attended the academy of that town. It is said that he was not remarkable for close application to study, but that he could master his books with very little difficulty. " He was," says an authority, " fonder of play than of his les- sons, and always ready for a play, a scram- ble, or a holiday, or a fight at a moment's notice. He was ambitious and pugnacious, and had several perilous adventures such as do not commonly fall to a boy's lot. On one occasion he was thrown into the East River, at Pictou, by a big boy with whom he had been fighting, and to whom he refused to acknowledge himself beaten. His an- tagonist left him to scramble out of the river or drown as luck might have it. . . . He and some of his playfellows, for the mere love of mischief, were experimenting with a hay cutter, in the absence of its owner. Y oung Grant's right hand was caught by the knife and taken completely off. . . The deprivation has never seriously inconve- nienced him, and he has been known to say, ' I do not know what I would do with a second hand if I had it.' " He bore away the Primrose medal from the Pictou aca- demy. In his sixteenth year he entered the West River Seminary of the Presbyterian church of Nova Scotia, receiving his instruc- tion in classics and philosophy at the hands of the able Professor Ross, afterwards presi- dent of Dalhousie college, Halifax. He remained in the seminary for two years, and was elected by the committee of the Synod of Nova Scotia as one of four bursars to be sent to the University of Glasgow, to be fitted for the ministry of the Presbyterian Church. Just as he had attained his eighteenth year he proceeded to Scotland. His career at the university was character- ized by singular success. He took the highest honours in philosophy, and also carried off first prizes in classics, moral philosophy and chemistry, and the second prize in logic. In divinity he took the Lord Rector's prize of thirty guineas for the best essay on Hindoo literature and philosophy. When his studies were completed, he was ordained a minister of the Church of Scotland, and upon his return to Canada he was appointed a missionary in his native County of Pictou. Here all the wonderful energy of his nature, his zeal and brilliancy, began to manifest themselves. In a little while, however, a wider sphere of usefulness was opened for him in Prince Edward Island, and here he laboured for two years with the most marked success. In May, 1863, he was inducted into the pastorate of St. Matthew's Church, Halifax, which he retained until his appoint- ment, in 1877, to his present position at the head of the University of Queen's college at Kingston. During his fourteen years of ecclesiastical labours, the work he accom- plished was very great. He had been a director of Dalhousie college, a trustee of the Theological seminary, a member of the various committees of presbytery and synod, and a persistent, energetic advocate of Pres- byterian union. The Principalship of this University gave to our subject the very scope that he needed for the exercise of his great energy and capacity for organization. A new flow of warm, thrilling blood was in- fused by this appointment into Queen's, and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 179 it liberally bounded forward into a place among the foremost universities of Canada. In addition to the splendid success achieved here, Principal Grant now began to give much of his attention to public and literary topics. In the summer of 1872 he accom- panied Mr. Sandford Fleming on a tour across the continent, inspecting the location of the Canadian Pacific line. The party left Toronto on the 16th July, 1872, and reached Victoria, British Columbia, on the 9th of October following. The result of this journey was the book, " Ocean to Ocean," a work of wide grasp, close observation, and a poetic flavour from plain and mountains. For Good Words Dr. Grant wrote a series of articles on the great North-West, and he contributed to the Canadian Monthly, the Maritime Monthly, The Contemporary Re- view, and Scribner s Magazine, able and in- teresting papers, with observations on his travel, and with respect to our great in- ternational highway. His pen is still active in the various publications in Canada, and now and again his voice is heard from the pages of the Century Magazine. He has in these later years fought with singular ability and with success the battle of university con- solidation, showing the wisdom and the fit- ness of the maintenance of the Queen's and similar well-equipped institutions, according to their present status as autonomous Uni- versities. McKellar, Archibald, Ottawa, is one of those men whom Canadians like to point at as proof of what can be done by a person possessed of dogged perseverance and thrift. Mr. Me Kellar, the subject of our sketch, was born in February, 1815, in the Island of Bute, the southern portion of Argyleshire, and when only eight days old was carried, along with his mother, to the small Island of Gigha, where he spent the first eight years of his life. His parents were Duncan McKellar and Catherine Mc- Cormick, and they belonged to the peasant class. They were not blessed with much of this world's goods, but yet they spent some- thing on Archibald's schooling, and he re- ceived some education. He was early forced to engage with neighbouring farmers, and for upwards of twenty-six years worked in Scotland as a farm hand. In 1841 he was married to Agnes Pollock, and the pair emigrated to Canada. Mr. McKellar, on his arrival, worked on a farm near Montreal, but shortly afterwards removed to the County of Vaudreuil, and carried on farm- ing. Things not succeeding to his liking, he, in 1857, removed to a farm near Ottawa City and began dairy-farming, and it is gratifying to say, this business has proved very successful. He is now the possessor of one of the finest farms in the County of Carleton, and has a herd of about seventy milch cows, which gives milk to many of the inhabitants of the Capital. Though now well advanced in years, Mr. McKellar takes an active interest in agricultural shows, and is a great advocate of all measures calculated to improve the class whom he represents. Mr. McKellar is a devoted adherent of the Presbyterian church, and in politics is a staunch Reformer. The fruit of his mar- riage is a son and two daughters. His son John is actively engaged in the business with him, and has already proved himself a worthy son of a worthy father. Day, Henry Wright, M.D., Trenton, was born in the township of Kingston, on the 6th September, 1831. He is the son of Calvin W. Day, farmer, and Elizabeth Wright, his wife. His ancestors were United Empire loyalists, and his great grandfather, Barnabas Day, once lived on the present site of the City of New York. Near the close of the American revolution, this ancestor came to Upper Canada, selected government lands four miles west of the present site of Kingston, then returned to New York state, and brought his family in a canoe from Sackett's Harbour. The grandfather of the doctor was then only nine years old. The original Day home- stead, selected about one hundred years ago, is still in the possession of the family, and is occupied by Sydney W. Day, a youn- ger brother. His mother was of Scotch de- scent, and her mother belonged to a United Empire loyalist family. Dr. Day received a thorough mathematical and classical edu- cation at the old Newburgh Academy, and his medical education at Queen's Univer- sity, Kingston. He secured his degree of M.D. in 1859, when he immediately settled at Trenton, where he has since remained, each year adding to his large circle of friends and patrons, and to his reputation as a medical man. In 1869 he was elected a member of the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, for the Quinte and Cataraqui districts, and held that position for three years, and again from 1880 to the present time. He has also been elected president of the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. Many years ago the doctor was surgeon of a battalion of militia ; and in 1866, when the first Fenian raid occurred, he organized a battery of garrison artillery, was made it 180 A CYCLOPEDIA OF captain, and kept up his connection with the volunteers until 1882. He was a mem- ber of the school board of Trenton for four- teen or fifteen consecutive years, and assist- ed in building up the excellent system of graded and grammar schools ; and was also in the town council eight years, and strove to promote the besGinterests of the town, being always known as a public-spirited man. In 1881, when Trenton was incorpor- ated as a town, Dr. Day was elected its first mayor, and held that office for two years. In I860 he was appointed coroner for Hastings, and in the united counties of Northumberland and Durham. He was also president of the Provisional Board of Direc- tors of the Central Ontario Railway. Dr. Day is a Freemason, and has taken a very active part in the order. He has been mas- ter of the Blue Lodge, and he has also filled the chairs in the Chapter and in the En- campment, and is a past district deputy grand master and past district superin- tendent. He is a Methodist in religion. In politics he is a Reformer, and comes of an old reform family. He married on December 31st, 1857, Eliza Anne Purdy, of Ernestown, whose father was a native of Canada, and her mother of the State of New York. The doctor is full of public spirit and enterprise ; is a skilful, success- ful and popular practitioner, and in the social circle has many well-wishers. He is one of the class of wide-idea men to whom communities for ever remain under obliga- tion. Kent, John, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born in the City of Toronto, on the 8th of December, 1836. His parents were Joseph Kent and Ann, nee Newton, of Caistor, Lincolnshire, England. His father was a brickmaker in Caistor, but in 1836, he left the old country and came to Canada, and settled in Toronto. Here he engaged in trading, afterwards opening a shop on King street, in the Chewitt building, and on the site on which the Rossin House now stands. He remained in business until about 1860, when he retired, and, in 1882, he died. John Kent was educated in Can- ada, and received a public school educa- tion. He learned carpentering with Robert Briggs, and, after mastering the trade, worked at the same in different shops in Toronto, continuing until 1870, when he entered into business with his present part- ner, Frank Hillock. These enterprising gentlemen commenced operations on Bay street, as lumber dealers, and remained there until 1873, when they removed, owing to the increase of their business, to the cor- ner of Albert and Chestnut streets, where they now have one of the largest lumber yards in the City of Toronto, and where they do one of the most extensive trades pertaining to their line in the Dominion. Mr. Kent has always given evidence of much public spirit. He has belonged to the 10th Royals, now Grenadiers, and held the rank of sergeant, and he went with his company to the front at the time of the Fenian raid. In 1866, he was elected school trustee for St. John's ward, and continued in that office until 1882, when he retired ; also, in 1882 he was elected aiderman for St. John's ward, and re-elected in 1883. In 1885, he was appointed a justice of the peace. At the time of the semi-centennial of Toronto, Mr. Kent was appointed one of the musical com- mittee, and faithfully performed his duties. He is a Freemason, and holds the office of pastmaster in St. Andrew's lodge, No. 16, G. R. C. He has travelled a good deal through the United States and Canada ; and in 1884, he took a trip to Britain, and visited the chief cities and places of interest. In religion he is a Methodist, and belongs to the Carlton street Methodist church. He is superintendent of the sabbath school, which office he has held for a number of years. He is also president of the Toronto Methodist Sabbath-school Association. In politics he is a Reformer. He was married, in 1858, to Mary Jane McCloskey, daughter of George McCloskey. Mr. Kent has a family of eight children, two girls and six boys, one of whom, Newton Kent, is attend- ing the University of Toronto, intending, after graduation, to study the profession of law. Mr. Kent's career has been highy creditable to himself, and to those who bear his name. Awrey, Nicholas, M.P.P., Binbrook, the subject of this sketch, was born in the township of Binbrook, County of Went- worth, Ontario, on the 8th of June, 1851. Mr. Awrey is descended from German- Scottish stock. His ancestors belonged to an old German family, who had settled in New England some years before the war of independence, and were possessed of considerable means, but when the colonies revolted, they sacrificed all, and took up their abode in a land where they could see the British flag wave in the breeze. His father was Israel Awrey, whose mother was a Miss Macpherson, a lady of Scottish descent, and his wife was Miss Rymal, a daughter of George Rymal. Young Awrey, attended in his earlier years the public schools of Went- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 181 worth ; but he concluded his studies by a course at the Grammar School of Hamilton. Mr. Awrey has always exhibited a large pub- lic spirit, and at the time of the Fenian raid, he took an active part in the formation of a corps of volunteers, and was one of the commanding officers of the Binbrook com- pany, now forming part of the 77th bat- talion. From a very early age our subject took a deep interest in politics, and he soon declared it to be his intention to try some day for a place in the legislature. His friends perceived that he was well in- formed on public questions, and he had the ability to make himself heard ; therefore, when he had not yet reached his twenty- eighth year, he was elected representative in the Ontario Legislature for the South Riding of Wentworth. His career since has been marked by industry, and painstaking. He is one of the most observant and thought- ful men in the House, and he devotes him- self heart and soul to the interests of his constituents and of his province. Mr. Awrey has travelled extensively through the United States, and through our own west- ern territories. He married on the 15th of October, 1872, Hasseltine Barlow, youngest daughter of Richard Barlow, of Wentworth county, and the fruit of this union is three children. Tims, Thomas Dillon, the Financial Inspector for the Dominion of Canada, third son of the late William and Catherine Dillon Tims, was born in Castle Pollard, County Westmeath, Ireland, on the 6th January, 1825. The family came to Canada, and settled in the City of Quebec in the year 1834, where Mr. Tims, senior, died in 1836, and his widow also died in 1862. A young- er brother, Frank D. Tims, now occupies the position of deputy auditor-general for the Province of Quebec, and their sister, the Reverend Mother St. Catherine, who entered the monastery of the Ursulines at Quebec many years ago, is still living at the convent, after having occupied for two con- secutive terms-the longest period per- mitted by the regulations-the high position of lady superioress. While still quite a lad, Thomas D. Tims became connected with one of the principal mercantile establishments in Quebec, of which he became manager at the early age of nineteen years. The busi- ness of the firm being of a very varied and extensive character, ample opportunities were afforded him for acquiring a thorough knowledge of the commercial affairs of Can- ada, as well as those of the principal foreign countries then trading with this country. Having determined upon starting in busi- ness on his own account, he was tempted to select the new and rising town of St. Mary's, in the County of Perth, Western Canada, as a point where a large business might be established and profitably carried on. He accordingly moved there with his family in 1855, and soon afterwards was offered and accepted the position of agent of the Commercial Bank of Canada, and, there- fore, became the pioneer banker at St. Mary's. His prospects of success in extensive grain and other business of a general character, which he endeavoured to establish, were, however, soon blighted by the delays that took place in the opening of the Grand Trunk Kailway, then in course of construction, and almost completed to St. Mary's. The general depression in trade throughout the world at this time (1857) so severely affected business at St. Mary's, and the prospects of revival there seemed so remote, that Mr. Tims was reluc- tantly obliged to abandon the prospects he had formed, and, in 1858, moved with his family to Toronto, on his appointment, un- der Sir A. T. Galt, then finance minister, to a leading position in the audit branch of his department, where he was immediately allotted the important special duty of super- intending the compilation and printing of the public accounts, and the preparation of the estimates for parliament. During his long sojourn at St. Mary's, Mr. Tims occu- pied a very prominent position in the county. Having been appointed a magistrate soon after his arrival, he took a lively interest in all public matters, especially those affecting the welfare of his new home. On severing his connection with the bank, he was the recipient of very complimentary acknow- ledgments from the president and general manager for his successful management, under great and unforeseen difficulties, and his removal to Toronto was the cause of universal regret, even amongst those with whom Mr. Tims had differed widely on public questions of the day. The very large experience Mr. Tims had acquired in com- mercial affairs proved invaluable in connec- tion with the duties he was afterwards des- tined to discharge in the public service. Being an expert in all matters relating to accounts of a complicated character, his previous training enabled him to afford great assistance to his chief in improving the system of conducting the business of the department. In 1863 Mr Tims was in- structed by government to enquire into prison management at Montreal, where the 182 A CYCLOPEDIA 01 publication of his reports gave rise to con- siderable discussion in the newspapers of the day. Previous to this he had also been selected an expert in accounts to assist the commissioners appointed by government to inquire into the affairs of the Grand Trunk Railway. He was also instructed, during the same year, to accompany the Board of Prison Inspectors on a visit to all the peni- tentiaries, reformatories, lunatic asylums, and prisons of the province, which resulted in the accounting business of these institu- tions being placed on a uniform footing in all parts of the country. His valuable ser- vices in this connection were suitably ac- knowledged by the inspectors in their an- nual reports. In 1866, Mr. Tims was re- quested by government to superintend the engraving and printing of the first issue of legal tender notes at Ottawa. The system of checks established by him met with the entire approval of the auditor-general and the minister of finance, and subsequently proved a perfect success in every respect. When confederation took place, on the 1st July, 1867, Mr. Tims was authorized to proceed to Quebec, on application of the first provincial treasurer, to assist in the work of organizing a financial system for the new province. After spending several weeks there, during the greater portion of the time in charge of all fiscal affairs, he com- pleted voluminous reports, which met the entire approval of the provincial treasurer, the auditor-general and the finance minis- ter, and which subsequently became the basis of legislation in regard to the matters to which they related. On his return to Ottawa, Mr. Tims was instructed to proceed to the maritime provinces for the purpose of inquiring into and reporting on a system of conducting Dominion affairs there. It may be here mentioned that when the Union Act took effect the old province of Canada was divided into the new provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The existing departmental machinery at Ottawa was, therefore, used for some time in conducting fiscal business for these two provinces. On the other hand, it was considered expedient to appoint the Local Governments of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick agents of the Dominion for the time being, until the departments at Ottawa were prepared to assume direct control of their respective branches of the public ser- vice in these provinces. On arrival at Halifax, early in October, 1867, Mr. Tims found public affairs in a very unsatisfactory position. The first general election in the province under the Union Act, for both the House of Commons and the Provincial Leg- islature, had only recently taken place, re- sulting in the defeat of most of the unionist candidates. For the Legislative Assembly the anti-confederates, as they were called, carried every constituency except one. The first local government appointed under the Union Act had tendered their resignation to the lieutenant-governor, but their succes- sors had not yet been gazetted. The de- claration of the leaders of the anti-confeder- ate party to ignore the Union Act, to collect their revenues as if no union had ever ex- isted, and to declare all Dominion authority at an end in the province when they as- sumed the reins of office, caused intense ex- citement throughout the country. The best informed people believed the situation so grave that an armed rebellion would be the result. Instead, therefore, of carrying out his original instructions, Mr. Tims was ordered to remain at Halifax, authorized to immediately open a branch of the finance department there, and to assume temporary charge of all Dominion affairs in the pro- vince, until such time as the departments at Ottawa could assume the management. During his continuous stay of nearly a year in Nova Scotia, and having been furnished with credentials from His Excellency Lord Monck, then governor-general, to Sir Hast- ings Doyle, the lieutenant-governor, who received and treated him with marked kind- ness and distinction, Mr. Tims was afforded numerous opportunities of meeting most of the leading people of the province, which enabled him to remove many existing pre- judices in regard to the western provinces, and smooth the way to a considerable extent for the negotiations that subsequently took place between the late Hon. Joseph Howe and rhe Hon. A. W. McLelan, now minister of marine and fisheries, acting for the pro- vince, and the then minister of finance, the Hon. Mr. (now Sir John) Rose, on behalf of the Dominion. These negotiations, it will be remembered, resulted in bringing about a better state of things between the province and the Dominion. The thorough know- ledge of affairs acquired by Mr. Tims also enabled him to render valuable assistance in the preparation of statistics used by the finance minister during the negotiations. Although for a time after his arrival in Halifax, Mr. Tims became, as a Canadian official, a special object for daily abuse by the more violent anti-confederate news- papers, these attacks gradually ceased as he became better known in the city. He soon acquired a host of friends, even amongst CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 183 those most bitterly opposed to the union with Canada. In the course of an exciting debate, during the first session of the Legis- lature after his arrival, Mr. Tims's name being mentioned, the Hon. Mr. Annand, the leader of the government, in reply, re- ferred to Mr. Tims's thorough knowledge of their fiscal affairs, and of his conciliatory course toward his government, in very com- plimentary terms. On returning to Ottawa for the Christmas holidays, Mr. Tims was congratulated warmly by his chief, and was specially complimented by the governor- general for the tact he had displayed, and for the successful manner in which he had carried out his instructions, under great difficulties. Matters having assumed a more promising aspect, Mr. Tims was enabled to turn his attention, in the latter part of 1868, to affairs in New Brunswick, where they were soon placed on a similar footing to Nova Scotia. In the interim he was appointed a member of a commission to en- quire into and report on the management of railway affairs in Nova Scotia. In the year 1871 Mr. Tims was appointed to the newly-created office of financial inspector, under Sir Francis Hincks, then minister of finance. In the same year it became his duty to open savings banks throughout Nova Scotia, and to organize the offices of the assistant receivers-general at Montreal, Halifax, and St. John. British Columbia having entered the union, in 1871, Mr. Tims was instructed to proceed there in the fol- lowing season for the purpose of settling financial affairs with the local government, and establishing savings banks in that pro- vince, and a branch of the finance depart- ment at Victoria. During the year 1873 he made his first official visit to the new pro- vince of Manitoba, travelling to Winnipeg by the Dawson route, in the then unusually short time of seven days. On reaching the north-west angle of the Lake of the Woods, he found assembled there between 700 and 800 Indians, to negotiate a treaty with commissioners appointed by government. The sight was one to be remembered. Mr. Tims also visited Charlottetown, for the first time, on official business during the following year, and placed financial affairs on the same footing as in the other pro- vinces. He has also more than once visited Washington officially, with letters from the governor-general to the British minister there. As financial inspector for the Do- minion, it is the duty of Mr. Tims to make periodical inspections of all the outside branches of the finance department. He has also had continuous charge at Ottawa of all fiscal business of the railways owned and operated by the Dominion government since confederation. During the meeting of the British Association at Montreal, in 1884, a very interesting paper by Mr. Tims, on Government savings banks, pre- pared by the request of the chairman, was read, and has been published in full by the economics branch of the society. Mr. Tims married, at Indian Lorette, in 1849, Louisa Flora, youngest daughter of the late John Stansfeld, a leading merchant of Quebec. Mr. and Mrs. Tims have had a numerous family, eight of whom are still living. All are members of the Roman tatholic church. His headquarters are at Ottawa, where his family has resided since the removal of the seat of government from Quebec, in 1865. He held a captain's commission in the Militia at Quebec at the time of his depar- ture for St. Mary's, and it bears the signa- ture of the late Lord Elgin, governor-general of Canada. Dowling, The Very Siev. Thom- as Joseph, P.P.,V.G., Paris. The very reverend gentleman, who forms the subject of this sketch, was born in the County of Limerick, Ireland, on the 28th of February, 1840. When he was about eleven years old, his father, Martin Dowling, emigrated with his family to Canada, and settled in the City of Hamilton. Here the subject of our sketch attended a select school until he en- tered St. Michael's College, Toronto, in the autumn of 1855. In this institution he re- mained seven years, and was one of the founders of St. Michael's Literary Associa- tion, a society of advanced students formed for the purpose of improvement in the art of public speaking, and for the cultivation of English literature ; and for the encourage- ment of this society he contributes an annual prize, known as the "Dowling Sil- ver Medal." In 1861 he was placed on the staff of professors, and as classical teacher took charge of a class for one year. In the following year he entered the Grand Semin- ary of Montreal, where he finished his theological studies. He was ordained priest on the 7th of August, 1864, by the Right Rev. Bishop Farrell, in St. Mary's Cathe- dral, Hamilton ; and on the 5th of October following, he was appointed pastor of the missions of Paris, including the town of Galt, the townships of Burford and North and South Dumfries, the villages of Ayr, Glenmorris and Harrisburgh, and for a time the villages of Hespeler and Preston. As the church at Paris was unfinished and in 184 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF serious financial difficulties, he travelled to Chicago and to the oil districts of Pennsyl- vania, on a lecturing and collecting tour, and in two years succeeded, by the aid of his congregation and friends, in paying off the debt. This church, which is now one of the handsomest in the province, he has since renovated, enlarged and decorated, at an outlay of about twenty thousand dollars. It was dedicated under the name of " The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus," by Right Rev. Bishop Crinnon, on the 6th of February, 1881, on which occasion his lord- ship appointed Father Dowling, Vicar Gen- eral of the diocese. On the 6th of Septem- ber, 1873, he purchased the property on which is situated the Paris separate school and residence for the sisters of St. Joseph, which cost about $4,000. In 1877 Father Dowling accompanied the Canadian pilgrims to Rome ; assisted at the Golden Jubilee of Pope Pius IX., and presented an offering to the Pope on behalf of the clergy and laity of the diocese of Hamilton. In 1880 he built St. Patrick's Church, Galt, and then resigned the charge of that parish. On the 17th of January, 1883, he was elect- ed by the clergy of Hamilton, vicar-cap- itular of the diocese, which office he retain- ed until the arrival of his Lordship Right Rev. Dr. Carbery, the present distinguished Bishop of Hamilton, who re-appointed him vicar-general. So singularly zealous for his church, and so able an exponent of her doctrines, it is no wonder that the vicar-general is beloved by his people, and respected by his ecclesiastical superiors. Dawson, Major Cleorge Dudley, Royal Grenadiers, Toronto, was born on January 7th, 1839, in the County of Carlow, Ireland. He is the second son of the Rev. George B. Dawson, who was for more than thirty years rector of the parish of Aghade, in that county. His mother was a sister of Lieutenant-General Sir Dudley Hill, K.C.B., who died when in command of a division in India, in 1852. Young Dawson received his education by private tuition and at Kil- kenny college, and entered the army (when sixteen years of age) on March 16th, 1855.x He was ordered to the Crimea, in October of the same year, but when the ship arrived at Malta, news of the armistice was received, and no more troops were sent on. He re- mained at Malta for a year, and returned to England in the autumn of 1856. He served in various parts of England and Ireland from 1856 to 1861. He took a first class certi- ficate at the School of Musketry, Hythe, in 1859, and acted as assistant instructor of Musketry to a depot battalion at Cork and also Athlone, Ireland, for two years. Major Dawson came to Canada with the 47th Regi- ment, in 1861, and he held the appointment of out-post officer for four years at King- ston, Hamilton, and Toronto. He also acted as brigade major to the field force under Colonel Lowry during the Fenian raid at Fort Erie, in 1866. In 1867 he sold out at Halifax. He married on January 7th, 1869, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the late R. P. Crooks, barrister, of Toronto, and niece of the Hon. Adam Crooks, late minister of education for Ontario. He went into busi- ness as a wine merchant in 1870, at Toronto, in partnership with E. H. Foster, but the latter retired from the partnership in 1875. He founded, in 1871, The Bodega Wine Co., of Canada, with branches at Montreal and Ottawa. On the reorganization of the old Tenth Royals, in 1880, under Lieu- tenant-Colonel Grasett, Major Dawson be- came senior major of the regiment, and assisted in developing the corps. He served during the whole of the rebellion in the North-West, in 1885, and received a wound in the charge on Batoche on May 12th, 1885. From the above facts it will be seen that Major Dawson is a gentleman of enterprise, courage, and sound business insight. Flint, John James Bleecker, was born December 29th, 1838, at Belleville, Ontario. He is a direct descendant on his father's side of a U. E. loyalist family. His mother's maiden name was Eliza Haskins, who was born in Dublin, Ireland. Her grand- father, on the mother's side, possessed a large estate in Ireland, but became financially involved, died, and his son, Dr. James Has- kins, and daughter, Eliza, came to Canada and settled in Belleville. On the death of his mother, he was adopted by the Hon. Billa Flint, when at the age of four years. He was sent to the Belleville Grammar School under the late Alexander Burdon, and completed his studies at Victoria College, Cobourg. He became ensign in No. 5 company of volunteers, one of the first volunteer com- panies of Belleville. He was elected town councillor in 1868, and filled that office until 1872, when he was elected mayor of Belleville. For the last ten years he has been connected with the firm of Flint & Holton in the lumbering and milling busi- ness. Mr. Flint was president of the Belle- ville Literary Society for several years, and was also president of the Legal and Literary Society of Belleville. He is now president of the Belleville Bar Association, and was president for a number of years of the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 185 Belleville Reform Club. He is a Liberal in politics, and for many years took a very active part in the political contests of the county. He commenced practice as a barrister in November, 1862 ; in 1866, he formed a partnership with City Clerk Robertson, and subsequently, in 1878, with the late Mr. Jellett, and is now senior member of the firm of Flint & Sherry, solicitors for the Bank of Commerce, Belle- ville. Mr. Flint was, in 1884, appointed police magistrate of Belleville. He is an adherent of the Methodist church. He ac- tively assisted in the erection of a Hospital and Home for the Friendless, and is a mem- ber of the advisory board. In 1859 he visited the continent in company with Judge La- zier, Alexander Robertson, M.P., and the late Mr. Jellett ; and in 1884 he visited the Yellowstone Park. In September, 1866, he married Eliza, daughter of the late E. W. Holton, and niece of Hon. L. H. Holton. Gowan, Hon. James Robert, Senator, Barrie, and ex-J udge of the judicial district of Simcoe, was born in the County of Wexford, Ireland, on the 22nd Dec., 1817. His parents were Henry Hatton and Elizabeth {nee Burkitt) Gowan. When young Gowan was in his fifteenth year his parents emigrated to Upper Canada, and thereafter, for many years, the father of our subject was deputy clerk of the Crown and Pleas for the County of Simcoe. This truly worthy man died in 1863, at the ripe age of 84. James Robert Gowan had attended school for several years in Ireland, but the greater part of his edu- cation was obtained in Canada. When his educational studies were completed, he en- tered upon a course of law with the Hon- ourable James E. Small, of Toronto, solici- tor-general for Upper Canada. In 1839 he was called to the bar, and began his practice in partnership with Mr. Small. Four years after, being called to the bar, he was appoint- ed judge of the judicial district of Simcoe, now embracing Muskoka and Parry Sound. This appointment was made by the Bald- win-Lafontaine Liberal Administration. No tribute is needed from any pen to the legal capabilities and the integrity of a young man whom Robert Baldwin would select, at the age of 26, to fill a place upon the bench. Such an appointment is extremely rare, if not altogether exceptional, in our judicial history. The young judge at once entered heart and soul into his work, and his exer- tions in the judicial organization of his dis- trict were so successful that in the year fol- lowing his appointment the magistrates of the district presented him with a snuff-box of wrought gold, bearing an appropriate in- scription. • The district over which Judge Gowan was called to preside was one of the largest in Upper Canada, and he was obliged to face many hardships and dangers in his pioneer work. But, under his patience and energy, obstacles disappeared, and "with such diligence," says a writer, " did he per- form his duties that after the lapse of nearly twenty-six years he was able to say, ' I have never been absent from the superior courts, over which I preside, and, as to the division courts (except when on other duties at the in- stance of the government), fifty days would cover all the occasions when a deputy acted forme.'" As will be seen by glancing at the " Canadian Legal Directory," govern- ment as well as associations of the bench always held the j udgment, learning and wis- dom of Mr. Justice Gowan in high esteem. In 1857 the judges of the courts of Queen's Bench and Common Pleas, being empowered to associate a district judge with them in making certain provisions regarding fees, under the Common Law Procedure Act, elected Judge Gowan for that duty. The Act for assimilating the Canadian law of probate and administration to that of England, and providing for courts in every judicial dis- trict, required the appointment by the gov- ernor of three judges-a judge of one of the superior courts of common law, a judge of the court of chancery, and a county judge, to make rules and orders regulating proce- dure in these courts, and for carrying the provisions of the law into full effect-and Justice Burns, Vice-Chancellor Spragge and Judge Gowan were the three judges appointed for the purpose in August, 1858, and who subsequently framed and settled the orders which now regulate the courts. Sir James Macaulay thus wrote in regard to the services rendered by our subject in the work of the consolidation of the public statutes of the country : " I feel every con- fidence that a good work has been achieved and a desirable basis laid for future legisla- tion ; and for the able services rendered by Judge Gowan, the government, the legis- lature and the public, as well as myself, are indebted to him." In 1869 Judge Gowan was appointed chairman of the Board of County Judges, a body which regulates the procedure of the division courts and settles conflicting decisions, their orders having the force of law throughout the province. After the confederation of the provinces it became necessary to assimilate and consolidate the criminal laws of the several provinces. This, 186 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF under the auspices of Sir John A. Mac- donald, was accomplished in 1869, in a series of enactments, by the parliament of Canada, which are now law. In the pre- paration of this important consolidation, Judge Gowan co-operated throughout. In 1871 Judge Gowan was appointed, with four other justices, Adam Wilson, J. W. Gwynne, S. H. Strong and C. S. Patterson, a commission to enquire into the constitu- tion and jurisdiction of the several courts of law and equity, etc. In August, 1873, Judge Gowan, the Hon. C. D. Day and Judge Antoine Polette were appointed royal commissioners to investigate certain charges against the ministry in connection with the Canada Pacific Railway contract. Justice Gowan has always shown rare energy and earnestness, conscientious and scrupulous care-and an unflinching firm- ness, based upon conviction-and his career as a judge was remarkable for its brilliancy, industry, and usefulness. From the "Cana- dian Portrait Gallery" we learn that " Judge Gowan has always taken great interest in the cause of education, being intimately connected •with the provincial school system for over thirty-six years, as chairman of the Board of Public Instruction from its forma- tion, and for many years past as chairman of the Senior High School Board of the County of Simcoe, finding time, amidst his other engagements, to perform satisfactorily and acceptably, the duties of these honour- ary and honourable positions." " In early life," says the same authority, " and up to a short time before his appointment, the judge was a frequent writer for the lay press in Toronto." In religion our subject is an Episcopalian. He was married in July, 1853, to Anna, daughter of the late Rev. S. B. Ardagh, rector of Barrie, and incumbent of Shanty Bay. Ardraven, on the outskirts of Barrie, beautifully situated, and fronted by Kempenfeldt Bay, is the residence of our distinguished subject. He was called to the Senate on the 29th January, 1885, and the press of the country, and many of those politically opposed to the administra- tion, complimented Sir John Macdonald upon his choice of the senator. An eminent lawyer from Halifax, N.S., and a member of the Opposition, concluded his speech in support of the Bill enabling a wife to appear against her husband in the event of his neg- lecting to provide her with the necessaries of life, with the following reference to Senator Gowan :-" I think that this Bill, and two others which we have had before us, already go to show the wisdom exhi- bited by the Government in placing the honourable member from Barrie in this chamber. From his position my hon- ourable friend learns what the defects are which the judges, who are now on the bench, find in the criminal law, and he is able from his own experience to recognise defects that have existed for some time. Legislation such as he has introduced is just the kind of work which is calculated to give this Senate weight and respectability through the country, and I think that measures of this sort do us a great deal more service in public estimation than debates, extending no matter how many weeks, on the general question of our utility." " A Member of the Ontario Bar" published for private circu- lation "The Addresses and Proceedings in connection with the Retirement from the Bench of His Honour Judge James Robert Gowan," giving selections from printed mat- ter touching his career. His Honour, it may be said, had retired from the bench on the 24th Oct., 1883, after having been engaged in the judicial office for nearly forty years. McGuire, Francis J., Trenton, was born in the County of Leitrim, Ireland, about the year 1820. His father was James McGuire, and his mother's maiden name Ellen McRann. Miss Me Rann belonged to an old Irish family, and the McGuires came originally from Fermanagh county. Mr. McGuire was educated in Drumsna, Leitrim county, and at sixteen years of age sailed for Canada, and arrived in Que- bec in 1841, where he stayed for a year as clerk in a grocery store, and then moved to Kingston, where he remained for a short period, as a clerk in the same trade. Thence he removed to Douro, As- phodel, and Percy, and taught school in these places. His teaching extended over a period of four years. He then settled in Trenton, and opened a general store, and continued business until 1875, when he was appointed collector of customs at Trenton ; which position he has retained ever since. He was commissioned ensign and quarter- master in the militia, and was appointed jus- tice of the peace in 1862. He is a school trustee, and at the present time chairman of the Board of Separate Schools of Tren- ton. He was one of the original mem- bers of a syndicate for procuring the erec- tion of a dam above Trenton, the facili- ties of which would be of immense advan- tage to the town. The dam is now in course of erection. He is a member of St. Patrick's Society, and has travelled through Canada and the United States. In religion he is a CA NADIA N BIO GRA PH Y. 187 Roman catholic, and has been for several years church warden. His official position has debarred him from taking a very prom- inent part in politics. He married, in 1854, Annie J. McElheran, who was a native of Cushendall, County Antrim, Ireland, and daughter of Alex. McElheran. By this lady he has four boys and one girl. His wife has been for some time dead. In private life Mr. McGuire is very genial, and has numerous friends. Kennedy, Warring, Toronto. Like many others who have made their mark in Canada, the subject of our sketch, Warring Kennedy, is an Irishman, having been born in the County Down. When young in years he was taken to Londonderry, and placed in a school, where he received a good English education sufficient to qualify him for a busi- ness career. He commenced life in a dry goods store in the town of Kilrea, but at the expiration of his apprenticeship he went to Belfast, where he lived many years, earning for himself a reputation second to none for intelligence, individual application to and thorough knowledge of business, and en- joyed such an exemplary character that several positions of trust were conferred upon him. Finding that the harvest was not plenteous, and that labourers were far from few, Mr. Kennedy's natural inclina- tions, animated as they were by the laudable ambition of securing a prize in the race of life, prompted him in 1857 to emigrate to Canada. He arrived in Toronto at a time when not only Canada itself, but the neigh- bouring States, were passing through a crisis of unparalleled distress, and the prospects of employment were far from cheering. To one of Mr. Kennedy's stamp, however, the greater the difficulties the stronger was his determination to completely overcome them. We find him, therefore, at the earliest mo- ment, accepting a situation by no means commensurable, either in salary or position, with what his business qualifications fairly entitled him to expect. The opportunity thus seized has never been lost, and Mr. Kennedy's subsequent career has been one unbroken success. "Doing with all his might what his hand has found to do," "never putting off till to-morrow what he could do to-day," he has more than fulfilled the promise of his early youth. His in- domitable energy, his untiring industry, his exemplary character, his devoted attention to, knowledge of, and regularity in his busi- ness, his abnegation of self in his studious zeal for the interests of those whom he served, soon attracted the notice of com- mercial men. His services were eagerly sought for, and he received rapid advance- ment, passing in succession from one em- ployer to a more lucrative appointment under another, until at last we hear of him promoted to a yearly salary of four thousand dollars. Having climbed to the top of the ladder in the subordinate grades, Mr. Ken- nedy, in 1869, secured the co-operation and partnership of two of his former fellow- workers (in the store of John Macdonald & Co.), and with them established in Toronto a wholesale business, known as the firm of Samson, Kennedy & Gemmel (now Samson, Kennedy & Co.), and such is the estimation it is held in, and so great the confidence re- posed in its management by retail mer- chants, that in less than ten years the annual sales amounted to nearly one million dol- lars, a result as unprecedented as it is well merited. Mr. Kennedy has been a candi- date for civic honours, and been repeatedly solicited to accept nomination to a seat in parliament by the party of Reform. He was elected an aiderman in 1871, and polled the largest vote on record up to that time in favour of any Toronto city aiderman. He unsuccessfully contested the mayoralty in January, 1877. The unsolicited requisition to allow himself to be put in nomination, and the amount of support he received, not- withstanding the fact that he did not per- sonally canvass a vote, clearly indicate the public opinion entertained of the man. High as Mr. Kennedy's position is in the business world, he occupies no less a con- spicuous place in the circle of religion, for, irrespective of being a leading member of the Methodist church, he is also a local preacher, class-leader and trustee, and was superintendent of the Elm Street Sabbath- school from 1866 till 1878. He is also on several conference committees, and was a delegate in 1874, 1878 and 1882, from the Toronto district to the General Conference of the Methodist church, and took a promi- nent part in the debates of that important legislative body. He was also a member of the Toronto Annual Conference in 1884 and 1885. He was, in 1872, elected president of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society ; in 1873, on the organization of the Commer- cial Travellers' Association of Canada, he was chosen as its first president, a position to which he was for several years subse- quently elected, and is now an honorary director. He is also a trustee of the Necrop- olis and the Mount Pleasant Cemetery, a director of the Upper Canada Bible Society and minute secretary of the board. Mr. 188 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Kennedy is also a member of the board of management of the House of Industry ; is a director of the Saskatchewan Land and Homestead Company, and was for several years a director on the board of the Real Estate Loan and Debenture Company. He is a good public speaker, indeed, few commercial men have the facility for ex- pressing themselves in public possessed by him. Mr. Kennedy married the daughter of his first employer, the late James Ma- caw. A long period of usefulness is, we trust, still before him, and should he decide on entering the political arena of public life, and turn his attention to matters of " state," it is not too much to expect for him a suc- cess equal to that he has already achieved in the "church" Methodist, and in the ' ' world " of commerce. In a condensed sketch it is impossible to do adequate justice to or point out the many lessons'to be learned from a study of the character of a man of Mr. Warring Kennedy's calibre. Suffice it to say that his name and example will ever shine forth to the immigrants, sales- men, shop-boys and young men of the future, as a brilliant beacon, towering high above and always before them in their voyage through life, warning them by the brightness of its light to give a wide berth to the "rocks" of "idleness," the "shoals" of "procrastination," and the "troubled wa- ters " of dishonesty ; encouraging them to steer through the calm seas of industry, diligence, perseverance and integrity, a con- tinuance on which course will, after carrying them safely past all dangers, guide them at length into the haven of success. In a biography of self-made men, Mr. Kennedy fully deserves a distinguished place ; he may truly be said to have been " the archi- tect of his own fortune ; " gratifying as this reflection must be to him, it pales before the consciousness he enjoys that through the whole of his career he has carried him- self without reproach, and the knowledge he possesses that among Toronto's many worthy citizens no one to-day stands more deser- vedly honoured, respected and esteemed by his fellow-men than the young apprentice boy of a dry goods store in an obscure Irish town. Hall, John Sharp, was born in Scot- land in 1797, and settled in Montreal in 1830. In Edinburgh he occupied the posi- tion of writer to the signet ; but on coming to Canada he first taught school, and after- wards took up the profession of accountant, which he practised for many years. He was an ardent lover of the temperance cause, and a hard worker among the Sons of Tem- perance of the Province of Quebec. The Grand Division elected him as its Grand Scribe, and for over twenty years he filled this office. He was also a Past Grand Worthy Patriarch of the same organization. In 1882 he was elected by the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North America, at the session held at Concord, New Hampshire, Most Worthy Associate, and occupied this position for two years. At this time he was the oldest Son of Tem- perance attending the National Division. He died at Bedford, Quebec, at the resi- dence of his son, J. M. Hall, on the 30th September, 1885, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years and eight months, and his body was interred in Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal. De St. Just, lion. Luc l<etellier, the late ill-starred Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, was born at Riviere Ouelle, on the 12th of May, 1820. Like most of our Canadian public men of note, M. Letellier studied law, and practised his profession for a time, after which he entered political life. He was elected for the first time, in 1850, to the parliament of old Canada. He was defeated at the general election of 1852, and again in 1857. Three years later he was elected for Granville Division to the Legis- lative Council, where he sat till the union. In 1863, he became minister of agriculture in the Sandfield Macdonald administra- tion, and this office he retained till the following year. In May, 1867, upon the completion of the confederation, he -was called to the Senate, by proclamation, for the division of Granville, for the following six years, he was leader of the opposition in that body. In the Liberal administration, which came into office in 1873, he became minister of agriculture; but towards the close of the following year, he resigned his portfolio, and was appointed lieutenant- governor of Quebec, in room of the late Hon. Rene Edouard Caron, deceased. He had not long occupied the position of lieu- tenant-governor, before he began to find himself more or less at variance with certain members of the local government, especially with the premier, M. De Boucherville. The variance originally arose, partly from the different points of view, from which they contemplated public affairs generally, and each seems to have been of opinion that the other was trying to usurp functions foreign to his office. M. Boucherville, on several occasions, showed a disposition to substitute the power of the executive, for that of the GA NA DI A N BIO GRA PHY. 189 ordinary courts of law. It is fair to add that he was urged on to this course by some of his colleagues, and that the offence was by no means confined to him alone. The lieutenant-governor all along manifested a good deal of firmness, and used great plain- ness of speech in his conferences with the premier. By degrees, the difference between them became wider and wider, and ere long, all the members of the administration were parties to the dispute. Finally, on the 24th of March, 1878, matters were brought to a crisis. On that day it was announced to the world that the lieutenant-governor had dis- missed his cabinet, and was about to form a new one. Such a hurricane has not been in this country for many a day, as there was then. The storm soon spread beyond Que- bec, and sped from Halifax to Vancouver. At last the question was taken to the Do- minion Parliament, but the liberals were in power, and they could not be expected to either censure or punish M. Letellier, al- though he had unwittingly erred, and done violence to constitutional principles. But the following year the liberals were ousted, and the party who had declared when in opposition that if they could they would deprive him of his lieutenant-governorship, had now come into power. The question was brought up in the House of Commons, and went against the lieutenant-governor. Min- isters advised his dismissal, but the gover- nor-general, Lord Lome, hesitated, and then referred the whole case to Downing street. Downing street wrote back, " Take the ad- vice of your ministers ; " and forthwith M. Letellier was expiated to party spite. The ground for dismissal was that his " useful- ness was gone," in view of the votes of cen- sure by the two houses of Parliament ; and the two houses of Parliament voted the cen- sure on the lieutenant-governor for having dismissed his advisers while they had a majority in the Assembly. It was made out, too, in some way, that the course of M. Letellier was dictated by his desire to for- ward the interest of the liberals in Quebec at the expense of the conservatives. M. Letellier was, therefore, thrown out of office, and disgraced. He died, some say, heart-broken, in 1883. Skead, lion. James. The late Sen- ator Skead, of Ottawa, was born at Moresby Hall, in the parish of Moresby, Cumber- land, England. He was the eldest son of the late William Skead, of Whitehaven, England, and his mother was Mary Selkirk, only daughter of the Rev. James Selkirk, of the Church of England, Whitehaven. Mr. Skead was educated in his native town, at the rectory, and came to Canada in 1832. The family settled at By town (the present City of Ottawa), and, as there was very ex- cellent promise then in the timber trade,Mr. Skead, after a time, engaged in this business, and he may now be regarded as one of the pioneer lumber merchants of the Ottawa. He married February 1st, 1842, Rosena Mackey, daughter of James Mackey, Mackey's Is- land, County Down, Ireland. Upon the accomplishment of confederation, in 1867, he was called to the Senate by royal proc- lamation. Early in 1881 he resigned, but was re-appointed on the 24th of Decem- ber of the same year. Senator Skead was a man of great business capacity, and during his lifetime he established very wide busi- ness connections. He served as president of the Ottawa Board of Trade ; of the City of Ottawa Agricultural Society, and of the Ottawa Liberal Conservative Association. He was likewise, at one time, president of the Ottawa Agricultural Insurance Com- pany ; president of the Upper Ottawa Steam- boat Company ; president of the Dominion Board of Trade ; a director of the Ottawa Association of Lumber Manufacturers ; of the Madawaska River Improvement Co.; and of the Caughnawaga Ship Canal Com- pany. He was vice-president of the Canada Central Railway Company, and of the Mont- real and Ottawa City Junction Railway. In 1874 he was elected president of the Lib- eral-Conservative Association, which met in Toronto, on 23rd September of that year. He at one time served as aiderman for the City of Ottawa; and also was president of the Agricultural and Arts Association of Ontario and of the Ottawa St. George's Society. In 1876 he was presented by the latter body, with a handsome gold cross of St. George, for his hearty services in promoting the affairs of the association. In 1876 he was appointed a judge of the timber depart- ment at the United States Centennial Ex- hibition. He had considerable parliamen- tary experience, having represented Rideau Division in the Legislative Council of old Canada from 1862 to the date of union. The Senator was a man of splendid busi- ness abilities, and in every walk of life his individuality and influence were felt. He died 5th July, 1884, leaving a wife and six children. Macqueen, Frederick William, Woodstock, was born in Woodstock, On- tario, on the 22nd of May, 1850. He is the eldest son of the late Honourable Judge Macqueen, of Woodstock. With respect to A CYCLOPEDIA OF 190 his paternal ancestors we find the following, which we reproduce : " David Shank Mac- queen was the scion of an old and distin- guished Scotch family. The Isle of Skye, from' which his father came with his regi- ment, still retains affection for a home of proportions in her local history. Dr. John- son, we are told by Boswell, spoke of the Rev. Dr. Macqueen as the most learned man in North Britain, and one of the finest gentlemen of the day. Judge Macqueen was born at Quebec, 12th of September, 1811, and was the son of Captain Alexan- der Macqueen, by Grace, daughter of the Honourable Thomas Fraser. He received his education at Cornwall, under the Rev. Dr. Urquhart, and afterwards moved to Brockville to study law. This was in the stormy days of 1837-38. From the Report of Services for those years we extract the following :-* While pursuing his legal studies at Brockville, the rebellion of 1837- 38 broke out in Lower Canada, and Mr. Macqueen was sent on January 2nd, in a batteau to Cornwall, with a detachment of men in charge of arms for the Glengarry militia. Upon his return from this difficult and hazardous service, he was appointed lieutenant in the troop of cavalry com- manded by Capt. Harvey, which he had as- sisted in raising. He was then sent to Dickenson's Landing to bring up the head- quarters of the 32nd and 83rd regiments, under the command of Captains Markham and Colquhoun. This duty having been done, he assisted, under the authority of Sir John Colborne, commander of the forces, in raising a company of the Queen's Loyal Borderers, in which regiment he was gazet- ted captain in January, 1838, and served in that corps at Brockville for six months. While in Brockville certain suspicious look- ing vessels, crowded with men, having ap- peared off the town, apparently making for Prescott, Mr. Macqueen volunteered as a private marine on board Her Majesty's Steamer Experiment, Lieut. Fowell, to fol- low them, and his services having been ac- cepted, he was on board when she opened fire at Prescott upon the before mentioned vessels, and upon the steamer United States. The enemy having landed at the Wind- mill, Mr. Macqueen went on shore, and volunteered on the advance guard of the left wing of the attacking force, under the command of the late Col. R. D. Fraser, which advance guard received the first fire of the enemy from behind the stone walls surrounding the butternut orchard at that place.' This division compelled the surren- der of the rebel commander, who handed his sword to Mr. (then Capt.) Macqueen, a trophy of the victory which is still in the possession of the family. Shortly after this Mr. Macqueen was called to the bar, and after a brief practice as a barrister, received the appointment of Judge of the County of Ox- ford." Speaking of the death of this worthy gentleman, which occurred June Gth, 1885, an eloquent and accurate pen says : " It is unnecessary for us to dwell upon his long services of forty years as the chief magis- trate of this county. They are the most en- dearing mementoes of a life long to be re- membered. On Tuesday he was laid at rest in the quiet little churchyard of Hunting- ford. It was a glorious day of sunshine above, and as those who knew and loved the kind old man looked across the valley to his old home on the hilltop, nestled among the trees he loved so well, one could not but think such a day was in accord with the close of the life of him who had passed away. Judge Macqueen was married to Fanny Maria Harriet, second daughter of James Muttleberry, M.D., inspector general of Army Hospitals, England, in June, 1847, who survived him, together with two sons and four daughters." His son, the subject of this memoir, received a finished education. He first attended the Trinity School at Port Hope, and afterwards entered the Uni- versity of Trinity College, Toronto. When about twenty-two, he left college and began the study of law in the office of the Honour- able Edward Blake, Toronto, where he remained till 1876. Owing then to his ap- pointment to the clerkship of the First Divi- sion Court for the County of Oxford, and ill health, he discontinued his legal studies. In 1870 hie joined the Queen's Own Rifles, and served as private in Trinity College Company, No. 8, for three years. After his departure from Toronto, he joined No. 6 Company, 22nd Battalion "Oxford Rifles," as a private, and shortly afterwards was ap- pointed staff-sergeant. In 1876 he was pro- moted to the lieutenancy of No. 1 company, and in 1878 he obtained the captaincy. Since his promotion he has always been specially mentioned in the annual reports of the Canadian militia. Mr. Macqueen is pres- ident of the Woodstock Amateur Athletic Association, and was one of the principal organizers of that body. He is likewise secretary and treasurer of the Woodstock Rifle Association, and was for five years a director of the Western District Rifle Asso- ciation, at London. He was for two years financier of the A.O.U.W., and has been CA NA BIA N BI 0 GR A PH F. 191 receiver from 1882 to the present. He is a Freemason. He has always taken an in- terest in politics, being a conservative. But he is independent of parties, and looks to the welfare of the country as the end for which all, irrespective of divisions, should strive. By an accident in 1883 he lost his sight, and in accordance with the wishes of his friends, went to London, England, where an operation was performed by the celebrated Dr. Bader. The operation was successful, and he fully recovered his sight, and before returning to Canada he spent about five months on the continent, chiefly in Ger- many. To show with what skill the opera- tion was performed, we might say that Mr. Macqueen has since been able to take part in rifle matches. In religion he is an Epis- copalian. Higginbotham, John William, Oshawa, was born in Manchester, England, on March 14th, 1853. His father was John Higginbotham, who carried on a drug busi- ness in Manchester. The family came to Canada in 1856, when our subject was about three years of age, and settled in Toronto. In 1865 they moved to Bowmanville. Mr. Higginbotham was educated in the Model School, Toronto, under Dr. Carlyle, and proved himself a good scholar. In 1873, on leaving school, he entered his father's drug store, and business succeeding, a branch store was opened at Oshawa, under the name of John Higginbotham & Son, and they have carried on the drug business ever since. J. W. Higginbotham was second deputy reeve of Oshawa in 1882, and has represented his ward in the council for five years. He is most worthy grand president of the Sons of England, which is the highest office that body can confer, and as he has been elected twice in succession, it speaks very highly for his popularity. He is a master Mason of Lebanon Lodge ; and also an Oddfellow. Mr. Higginbotham possesses a very fertile brain, and a ready tongue, and there are few men in his section of country who can cope with him in arranging ideas and expressing them with such effect. He is a noted speaker on various important subjects. Mr. Higginbotham is a conscien- tious Methodist, and an uncompromising Reformer. He married on August 24th, 1874, Lorinda Hoar, of Bowmanville. This lady is descended from a family of early settlers, being herself a native-born Cana- dian. He is a Sunday-school, superinten- dent, and has been chairman of the Relief Committee, which has done good work dur- ing the past winter. He lives for others more than for himself, and is emphatically, a good man, and enjoys the respect and good will of all who know him. Hambly, Philip Hele, Major 49th battalion, Hastings Rifles, Belleville, was born at Plymouth, Devon., England, on the 2nd Oct., 1835. His parents, Philip and Mary Ann Hambly, came to Canada with their family in 1848. Mr. Hambly, senior, bought out the business of the late Henry Corby, and by the application of persistent energy, soon extended the capabilities of the establishment. Hambly's bread soon came to be a household word, and the prosperity of the institution was thereafter assured. He built a gravel road, from Belleville to Napanee, but he was, it is said, too particu- lar and over-scrupulous in the fulfilment of his contract, and lost money. He it was who built the sewers of Belleville, and he was part purchaser of the steamship City of the Bay. This boat did not pay. However, it was a bold venture, and those engaged in the enterprise deserved credit. In conse- quence of an injury, he retired from busi- ness in 1865, leaving the establishment to his son Philip. The mother of P. H. Hamb- ly, is now in her eighty-fourth year, with eyesight and hearing as good as most young women possess, and her intellect is as keen as ever. She can put tea before a visitor, with bread and butter of her own making, and clotted Devonshire cream of her own scalding, as handily as any Devonshire mai- den of twenty. She was bom in Cornwall, England, and his father in Devonshire. They are both now living in their home at Corbyville. Our subject was educated at Plymouth, England. He joined the old Belleville rifle company at its inception, and attended the military school at Toronto, under Colonel Peacock, and took a first-class certificate. He went to Amherstburg during the Fenian raid of 1864 in his old company, under the command of Major Levesconte. Col. Brown was then lieutenant, and the present minister of customs was ensign. Our subject remained at Amherstburg for four months, acting as drill instructor ; and in 1868, having been promoted ensign, went to Aultsville with his company. He was pro- moted to the captaincy of No. 1 company, on the formation of the 49th battalion. He is a Royal Arch Mason, Eureka being his mother lodge, of which he is past master, and on retiring from the chair, was pre- sented with a very elegant past master's jewel. He is a member of the Church of England. On the 10th November, 1865, he married Mary Ann, eldest daughter of 192 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Henry Mayo, of Belleville, and the fruits of the union are seven boys. At the brig- ade camp in 1883, he was presented with a handsome portrait of himself, in oil, by Sawyer. The following extracts we take from the speech delivered by Major Hambly in reply to the address presented to him on the occasion :-" The material of which the Canadian volunteer force is composed is, doubtless, second to none the world can produce; but under the present system of organization, it fails to secure that esprit which would result from discipline, and there can be no discipline while officers con- tinue to be so dependent on the inclination of their men, when called upon for duty. The necessity for frequent resort to humiliating persuasion, places the officer under such a compliment as to render reproof for indis- cipline out of the question. 1 have heard officers, in attempting a musterfor command- ing officer's parade, receive the most insolent abuse. Authority will say, why didn't the injured individual have the offender brought before me ? The officer answers, ' Well, the fact is, he happens to be a neighbour of mine, and exercises some influence among the company, and if I attempt a punish- ment, it will be the last time he and his friends will turn out with me.' And so the matter ends. The effect of such a proceed- ing on those who know of it, is, of course, so bad as to need no comment. What should we do ? Well, I consider that, as the state pro- tects every man in the pursuit of his avoca- tion in life, every man owes to the state, in return, a certain amount of military duty, and it should be given, whether he likes it or not. There is no necessity for exacting any unreasonable period for drill. Four months is sufficient to render any man of ordinary intelligence competent in drill and the performance of duty, such as guard, etc., but these four months should be con- tinuous, and in brigade. Having served his four months, he should have a written dis- charge, and be relieved from further duty, except in the event of absolute necessity, in which event, having kept his commanding officer notified of his change of residence, should he make one, he might be held avail- able, and called upon for duty. There would be no necessity, perhaps, for increas- ing the annual vote. Let a quota be gather- ed from each district, in such numbers as the vote would permit of. The men could be balloted for duty, which, perhaps, would be the least objectionable mode. They might be warned for duty, three months in advance of the gathering. So gathered and drilled these men, whenever called upon in after life, could be brought together in a few days, fit for the most serious duty. They would go home disciplined, entitled to the respect of their fellow countrymen, and having a proper respect for themselves, conscious and proud of the knowledge they had acquired. No one could taunt them with having misspent their time, or with having been enticed from home through their vanity for a uniform, or from any childish craving for novelty. They would have gone, as a matter of duty, without any nonsense about it, and no father would ob- ject to his son's performing this duty. Hav- ing acquired habits of obedience and system, he would, in the great majority of instances, return home a better son, and an instrument for the dissemination of a properly under- stood regard for the force." These are wise, practical and timely words, and we trust that they will come for perusal before the eyes of many an officer and man in our militia service. Farran, William Wallace, Clinton, was born on the 12th of Mov., 1834, in the township of Osnabruck, Stormont, Ontario. The precise locality of his birth is now called Farran's Point. He is a son of Charles C. Farran, who conducted flouring and grist mills. Mr. Farran had also engaged in farming, and in lumbering. He died in August, 1883, at the age of 75. He was born, like his son, at Farran's Point. Our subject was educated at the public school in his native place, at the Cornwall Grammar, and a High School in New York state. He was first employed at seventeen years of age, under Tom S. Rubidge, C. E., on the sur- veys of the Grand Trunk Railway, and was thus engaged for about three years. He then acted under William Ellis, C.E., on the con- struction of the Grand Trunk Railway at Prescott, where he had charge, as resident engineer,?of a section ; subsequently, when that section was completed, he had charge of another section at Mallorytown, west of Brookville, on the Grand Trunk Railway. After completion of this work in the fall of 1856, he was employed under George G. Dixon, chief engineer of the Brookville and Ottawa Railroad, as resident engineer, in charge of the construction of a section at Carleton Place. In February, 1858, he was employed by the firm of Wilson, Row & Co., contractors, as engineer, to construct about one hundred and twenty-four miles of county gravel roads, in the County of Huron, and this enterprise occupied about three years. Mr. Farran was one of the CA NADIAN BIO GRA PHY. 193 first speculators, in 1861, in oil lands, after the discovery of petroleum in the County of Lambton the previous year, and by the aid of an aged American, who had then discovered a process, as he thought, of deodorizing the coal oil or petroleum, he commenced the construction of an oil refinery. There wrere three oil refineries built in 1861, and these three went into operation at the same time. George S. Jar- vis, of Cornwall (son of the late Judge Jarvis), was our subject's partner in this venture. This was a difficult undertaking, as the manufacture of Canadian petroleum was then in its infancy. In November, 1864, the partners abandoned the oil springs and sold out. On the 1st of December, 1864, he was appointed division court clerk at Clin- ton, County of Huron, by the late Judge Cooper, and this office he has since held. In 1866, he served as councillor in the village of Clinton, and was reeve of Clinton for the succeeding six years. After Clinton had become incorporated as a town, he was mayor for part of a year to fill an unexpired term. In November, 1882, he joined D. F. Macpherson and C. E. Hovey, in the Clin- ton foundry and agricultural implement manufactory, the firm being known as Far- ran, Macpherson & Hovey, they having become successors of Glasgow, Macpherson & Co., established in 1862. In this business our subject is now engaged. In May, 1883, he joined J. P. Tisdall in the business of private banking in Clinton, under the style of iFarran & Tisdall, and is also still en- gaged in private banking. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. He married on the 24th January, 1867, Ellen, daughter of Dr/ Archibald, Dickenson's Landing, County Stormont. The life of Mr. Farran must be stimulating reading to any young man with ability and ambition ; for it has been a very successful one. Snider, Elias Weber Bingeinaii, M.PP., St. Jacob's, Ontario, representative in the Ontario House of Assembly for the Riding of North Waterloo, was born on the 19th June, 1842, in the town of Waterloo, Waterloo county, Ontario. He is the eldest son of Elias Snider and Hannah, his wife, nee Bingeman. Our subject, we may say, is descended of an old Swiss family that came at an early date to try their fortunes in the new land of America. Jacob S. Snider, the grandfather of E. W. B. Snider, emigrated from Pennsylvania to Waterloo county, Ontario, in the year 1806. Here he settled down on a farm, which, under <his thrift and intelligence, maintained his family in comfort. Young Snider, the grand- son, our subject, was sent to the common school in the town of Waterloo, and being a diligent boy of good intellectual capacity, he was equipped with a sound education when his school days came to an end. Some time after this he turned his attention to milling at German Mills, and he continued at such occupation with very fair success till 1871, when he moved to St. Jacob's, where he still continued his milling operations. Good ability, industry and untiring attention to business have borne Mr. Snider their fruits, and he takes a very prominent place in the occupation which he has chosen. On the 19th of April, 1864, he married Nancy Weber, daughter of David Weber, of Water- loo township. Mr. Snider has, from early years, we have been informed, interested himself in politics, and given serious and careful attention to public questions. At the bye-election for North Waterloo, in June, 1881, he offered himself for the legis- lature, and was elected. His course met the expectations of his constituents, and he was re-elected in 1883. He is a care- ful, clear-headed representative, and his opinion always carries weight in the House, and is received with respect by every one. He is a Liberal, and in thorough accord with the Honourable Oliver Mowat as leader of his party. Chapleau, Hon. Joseph Adolphe, LL.D., Q.C., P.O., Secretary of State for Canada, was born at Ste. Therese de Blain- ville, Terrebonne, province of Quebec, on the 9th of November, 1840. M. Chapleau's ancestors came from France, and were early settlers in the seigniory of Terrebonne. He received his education at the colleges of Terrebonne and St. Hyacinthe, and was a very brilliant lad at school. After having completed his education, he was entered as a student-at-law. He applied himself very diligently to the study of his profession, and more than one who observed the handsome, commanding, silvery-tongued student, pre- dicted laurels for him in the legal profession. Others said, "the legal profession will not hold him for itself. The public sphere alone will satisfy such abilities and such ambition as he possesses." In 1861 he was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and twelve years later was created a Queen's counsellor. He was the last president of the Institut Cana- dien-Franqais of Montreal. He was created Commander of the Legion of Honour, France, on the 10th November, 1882, and Comman- der of the Order of St. Gregory the Great (Roman) in 1881. He was elected by accla- 194 A CYCLOPEDIA OF mation a member of the Quebec legislature for the County of Terrebonne in September, 1867, and entered the administration of that province on 27th February, 1873, as solici- tor-general, which position he held till Sep- tember of the following year. The Ouimet government then resigned, and he with it. On the 27th January, 1876, he entered the De Boucherville government as provincial secretary and registrar. This position he held until the dismissal of the government by Lieutenant-Governor Letellier in 1878. He then became leader of the Conservative oppositi on, and was ever a terror to the politi- cal existence of M. Joly. Some of the most eloquent, fiery and able speeches that have ever been heard in any of our provincial le- gislatures was delivered by M. Chapleau against the Rouges, their principles, and chief of all, against their leader. He was not alone powerful as an orator, but he was consum- mate in finesse, in the art of managing, hold- ing together, and making his way through dangerous and labyrinthine places. M. Joly could not stand against such a man. We are in the habit of looking upon M. Joly and his Rouge following as victims of the Conservative bias of the Legislative Council. But notwithstanding that, the action of the Legislative Council was the immediate cause of M. Joly's downfall, the overthrow of the Rouges, the man who undermined that party, discredited it before the country, and made its existence impos- sible, was J. A. Chapleau. During the nineteen months of M. Joly's administra- tion, M. Chapleau never lost a day during and between the sessions of the House, in his vigorous denunciation of M. Letellier's coup d'etat. He overran the province, at- tending hundreds of meetings and carrying dismay into the very strongholds of the Liberal party, and during the whole of that period he never lost one of his followers in spite of all the temptations that were un- ceasingly offered to them. When the Rouges fell, Lieutenant-Governor Robitaille, who had succeeded the deposed M. Letellier St. Just, called upon M. Chapleau to form an administration. He remained premier and minister of agriculture and public works until 1882, when his health became so poor that he was obliged to throw the corroding cares of leadership off his shoulders. He resigned, and M. Mousseau succeeded him as premier. He then entered the Privy Council, as secretary of state for Canada, succeeding M. Mousseau, who had succeeded him in the premiership. In July, 1884, he was appointed a commissioner to proceed to British Columbia for the purpose of in- vestigating and reporting upon Chinese im- migration to Canada. M. Chapleau has not devoted his time exclusively to politics, but has been connected with several private en- terprises. He was, among other like offices, a director of the Laurentides Railway Com- pany, and of Le Credit Foncier du Bas Canada. He is a director of the Pontiac and Pacific Junction Railway, and the vice- president of Le Credit Foncier Franco-Cana- dien. He was at one time a professor of criminal jurisprudence, and he now holds the chair of international law in Laval Uni- versity, Montreal section. He has the de- gree of doctor of civil law in that institu- tion. Those who predicted a brilliant career for M. Chapleau, on seeing his deportment at college, and at a law student's desk, have not seen their forecastings unfulfilled. M. Chapleau is probably the ablest French ora- tor in the Dominion of Canada ; while there are few men, perhaps there is not one man, in the House of Commons, whom the writer would rather listen to, talking in English than he. M. Chapleau is a born orator. In build, in the pose of his head, the sway of his body, he is an orator. But the greater qualifi- cations lie behind these. He is eloquent, fiery, impassioned, fluent, and he has the knack of throwing a sentimentality through every sentence he utters. Add to this a clear, powerful, musical voice, every tone of which falls upon your ear distinctly as the note of a silver bell. M. Chapleau married in November, 1874, Marie Louise, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel King, brigade major, Sherbrooke. McDonald, Rev. Alex. Douglas, Seaforth, Province of Ontario, was born on Nov. 9th, 1832, in the citadel, Quebec. His parents were John and Isabella (Douglas) McDonald, and they died before our sub- ject attained his eighth year. His father had been a bandmaster in the 79th Highland regiment, and was present at the battles of Corunna and Waterloo. The regiment was ordered home, and bandmaster McDonald remained in Canada. In 1837 he joined the Queen's Own Rifles, under Col. Kings- mill, to aid in the suppression of McKenzie's rebellion. For his service in the army he received a pension of two shillings a day, and a grant of land, consisting of 200 acres, in the township of Clarke, County of Dur- ham. Shortly after the rebellion was over, this worthy man died. Our subject had a brother seven years older than himself, and he died many years ago. After his father's death, A. D. McDonald went into the coun_ CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH Y. try and lived with a farmer, where he work- ed for his board till he was eighteen years of age. He then commenced his studies, in the face of almost every difficulty. He attended a school at Toronto, known as the Toronto Academy, under the charge of the late Professor Gale, Knox College. For some years after he had commenced his studies, he worked on the farm during the summer, and attended the academy during the winter. He taught school on the fourth concession of Blenheim, dur- ing the summers of 1853 and 1854 ; and during the summer of 1855 he was employ- ed as a missionary, and preached at West- port and Newburgh. In 1856 and 1857 he was a missionary at Collingwood and Brad- ford. After graduating from Knox College in the spring of 1858, he was employed as an assistant of the late Dr. Bayne, of Knox church, Galt. During the summer he was licensed by the Hamilton presbytery, and in October of that year he went to preach at Clinton, Huron county. In April, 1859, he was ordained minister of Willis Church, Clinton, and remained there until April, 1869. During eight years of that time he was clerk of the Huron presbytery, and superintendent of common schools in the village of Clinton and township of Tucker- smith. In August, 1869, the Rev. Mr. Mc- Donald was settled as pastor of Knox church, Elora, and acted for some years as chairman of the High School Board there. In April, 1879, he was called to, and was in- ducted as pastor of, the First Presbyterian church, Seaforth, and in this position he remains still. During the year 1883 he fill- ed the position of moderator of the Synod of Hamilton and London ; and he has acted at Seaforth for two years as chairman of the High School Board. In 1880 his congrega- tion sent him on a trip to Great Britain, and while there he visited the best known cities of England, Ireland and Scotland. In 1882 he travelled through Manitoba and the North-West, going as far as Moose Jaw. He has been all his life a Presbyterian. Mr. McDonald was married at Paris on the 23rd of June, 1859, to Agnes Cavan, third daugh- ter of James Cavan, of Paris. The fruit of the marriage is ten children, four of whom are dead. The eldest son is employed as book-keeper in the wholesale establishment of Turner, MacKeand & Co., Winnipeg. His second son is book-keeper with John Mather, merchant, Winnipeg, and three other boys, and the youngest, a girl, are still at home. The life of Rev. Mr. McDonald clearly shows what can be done through 195 perseverance under adverse circumstances, and is a good example that might be fol- lowed with advantage by many of the young men now studying for the ministry. Tanguay, Abbe, LL.D., F.RS.C., etc., Ottawa, the celebrated French-Canadian genealogist, was born in Quebec in 1819. In 1839 he graduated at the Seminary of Que- bec. Whilst at college he is said to have exhibited great diligence and painstaking, and these traits might be taken as the fore- shadowing of what he was afterwards to be- come in the literary sphere. Our subject had for fellow-students E. J. Horan, after- wards bishop of Kingston, and the Honour- able Joseph Cauchon, late lieutenant-gover- nor of Manitoba. On the 14th May, 1843, he was ordained priest, and he afterwards became cure missionary of the parishes of St. Raymond and St. Basile, Portneuf county, Rimouski, St. Michel, of Belle- chasse, and St. Henedine, County of Dor- chester. The first of our subject's works saw the light A short time before his ordina- tion to the sacred ministry. " It had," says Benjamin Suite, " reference to the correspondence of his confrere, M. Bolduc, a missionary in Oregon, and was entitled ' An Account of a Voyage from Quebec to Oregon, around South America.'" "Na- tural history," continues M. Suite, " was a subject which had great attractions for him ; he obtained many interesting things from different parts of the world bearing upon this science. One of his curiosities in this respect was the fossil of a sea-elephant, which he presented to the University of Laval. This fossil was found in 1853 in the field of a farmer at Rimouski, about 200 feet above the level of the St. Lawrence, and five miles in the interior of Pointe au Pere, of Rimouski. This fossil was sent to the exposition in Paris in 1855. There are many memorials of the activity and patriot- ism of Abbe Tanguay at Rimouski, of which we may particularly mention the magnifi- cent church there to-day, used as the cathe- dral of the diocese ; also the college there was founded by him, which, since 1855, has received a government subsidy, as well as the convent of the ladies of the congregation at that place." How well his tastes and instincts fitted him for the task which was to make his name so prominent in letters, we learn from the same authority. He says :-" One might naturally ask, when and how did the idea of a genealogical dic- tionary come to enter his mind I It was an idea which, we might say, was stamped in his mind when his existence began, which 196 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF was in keeping with the peculiar taste and talent of his boyhood. When very young he was remarked for his curiosity and in- terest in finding out the names of his neigh- bours and their ancestors. These facts would be so impressed on his mind that in conversation he would, to the astonishment of all, correct errors made by aged persons with regard to the names of their relatives or ancestors of two or three generations back. This peculiar talent was combined with the qualification of being able to rapid- ly arrange catalogues, clear and concise, giving the information he had obtained ; he was a statistician by nature. He was re- garded by his family in the light of a walk- ing dictionary, and he had the same reputa- tion at college among his fellow-students. He was sent to the College of Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, at the age of nine years, and was the youngest pupil there. It was the year when this educational institution was first opened. About twenty years from that time, it happened that a list of the pupils who first entered this college was required, and those interested in the matter were astonished to find that Abbe Tanguay pos- sessed a complete list. It apppeared also, that during the three months which he spent at the college, he had made a note of many little circumstances, which were after- wards interesting in connection with the history of the college." The extent of the labour of this distinguished gentleman in the preparation of his Genealogical Diction- ary of the old French-Canadian families, is simply amazing to contemplate. He has not alone visited every part of this con- tinent whereto it was necessary to go for the verification of dates, births, marriages and other incidents, but he has been in Europe, where he conducted the most painstaking investigations in public and private libraries, baptismal registers and other church records. The dictionary is not intended to be a bio- graphy ; it is entirely genealogical, con- taining reliable information in this respect. It is universal in its object, that is, it as- sociates itself with all classes of people. The work, so far as it is advanced, embraces one hundred years in volume, the first which has been published. The second and third volumes will soon appear, comprising another period of sixty years, and these will be fol- lowed by three more volumes, which will extend to the present century ; its comple- tion is, therefore, being rapidly realized. The more the dictionary advances, the more interesting and important it will be. There are very few works of which so much can be predicted. " It is natural that the French- Canadian portion of the population," we quote again M. Suite's words, which we cordially endorse, " of Canada should highly appreciate their countryman, Abbe Tanguay, to whom they are in so special a manner in- debted, his literary labours having been wholly directed to their benefit and honour, and it must be most gratifying to them as well as to their benefactor to find that the literary men of the English-speaking popu- lation of Canada, as well as of America, are not insensible to the important and valuable services, in a literary and historical point of view, which Abbe Tanguay has rendered to society. They view with envy, combined with admiration, the Genealogical Diction- ary, and their regret is that peculiar circum- stances should exist which make it impos- sible for the dictionary to embrace generally the ancestry of the English, Irish and Scotch Canadian." Upon the following circum- stances was the book planned and the author guided. There were four distinct groups constituting the French population found in Canada during the seventeenth century, viz., first, that of Acadia in 1604 ; second, of Quebec in 1608 ; third, of Three Rivers in 1635 ; and fourth, of Montreal in 1641. In 1700 the Canadians (embracing only three groups) had spread themselves over a large extent of country, around the great lakes, towards the south-west, and had be- gun to lay foundations of large establish- ments which have ever since been continu- ally increasing. To keep track of these groups, it was necessary to follow them over an extent of territory, which in a direct line would exceed 3,000 miles ; and to classify the distinct families, their descent from generation to generation had to be carefully traced. For example, a man born in France was married in Acadia, went to reside in Quebec, where his children were baptized; removed afterwards to Montreal, where his wife died ; he married again in Detroit, and at last he himself died in some parish on the banks of the Ohio or Mississippi, where some of his children settled, while others had remained in the valley of the St. Law- rence. Vidal, Hou. Alexander, of Sarnia, member of the Senate of the Dominion of Canada, was born at Brocknell, Berk- shire, England, on the 4th of August, 1819. He is the eldest surviving son of the late Captain Richard Emeric Vidal, R.N. The family, of Spanish origin, emigrated to England in the latter part of the seven- teenth century. In 1834 Captain Vidal, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 197 accompanied by his wife and family, came to Canada, and settled in Sarnia. Senator Vidal received his educational training in the Royal Mathematical School, Christ's Hospital, in London, England, and studied, chiefly, mathematics, navigation, and nauti- cal astronomy, with the view of entering the navy. In 1837 he served as a private in the militia, when it was called out to suppress the rebellion of that year ; and was promoted afterwards, step by step, until he gained the rank of lieutenant- colonel in the Lambton reserve militia, which he still holds. In 1843 Mr. Vidal was licensed as a provincial land surveyor, and for ten years followed this profession. During this period he was employed by the government to survey parts of the town- ships of Bentinck and Glenelg, the township of Saugeen, the town plot of Sault Marie, and all the mining locations on the north shore of Lake Huron and River Ste. Marie. He also accompanied Captain Ander- son to the north shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, as commissioners, to arrange with the Indians for the transfer of lands to the Canadian Government. In 1853 he was ap- pointed treasurer of the County of Lambton, and is still the trusted and faithful servant of his county. In 1861 Mr. Vidal pre- sented himself as a candidate for election to the House of Assembly, and was defeated; but in 1863 he was elected to the Legislative Council, for the St. Clair division, which comprised the counties of Lambton and West Middlesex : this seat he held until the confederation of the provinces, when the Legislative Council was abolished and the Senate established. In the year 1853 he was selected as agent for the Bank of Upper Canada, in Sarnia, and held this office until the bank closed its doors, in 1866. This same year he was appointed agent for the Bank of Montreal, and re- signed this position in 1874, with the view of being free to attend his parliamentary duties, he having been appointed to the Senate in January, 1873. Hon. Mr. Vidal connected himself with the temperance reform in 1840, and has been ever since true to his pledge of total abstinence, and a most active worker, both in and out of the Senate, in promoting prohibitory legislation. In 1874 he had the honour of presiding at the great temperance conven- tion, held at the City of Montreal, that year; and has been annually elected president of the Dominion Alliance for the Suppres- sion of the Liquor Traffic, since its forma- tion, in 1875. He was president of the English Loan Company, from the first year it opened its office in London, Ont. In 1880 the Senator visited Britain, and was well received by his many friends ; and he and Sir Charles Tupper were entertained at a public breakfast given in their houour by the United Kingdom Alliance, in the Westmin- ster Hotel, in London. Senator Vidal was a member of the Church of England until 1843, when he united himself with the Presbyterian church, and has been for many years an elder in that body ; and has repre- sented the Sarnia church in the General As- sembly. He is also a worker in the Sunday school, and may be found, Sunday after Sunday, teaching a Bible-class in the Sarnia Presbyterian church school. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. On the 8th De- cember, 1847, he married Catherine Louisa, daughter of the late Capt. Wm. E. Wright, of the Royal navy ; she died 19th April, 1882, and by this union five sons and two daughters were born. These are alive, ex- cept one son. Two daughters and two sons are married and settled in life. Altogether, Senator Vidal has had a stirring and useful career, and our hope is that he may be long spared to enjoy his well-earned honours, and take a part in passing a measure pro- hibiting the importation, manufacture and sale of alcoholic liquors in Canada. Jaffray, William, Berlin, Ontario, was born on March 6th, 1832, at Shrews- bury, England. He is a son of Peter Jaffray, a native of Stirling, Scotland, and Mary Ann, nee Gittins, of Shrewsbury. Mr. J affray, senior, we may say, was a gentle- man of excellent literary attainments, and was, for a number of years, editor of the Shrewsbury Chronicle. Our subject, for one year, attended the Diocesan School in his native place. When very young, he en- tered the sedentary militia, and in 1854 was promoted to a lieutenancy. Our sub- ject, it may be said, comes of a newspaper race, for the " inherited tendency " seems to manifest itself in the matter of the jour- nalistic instinct, as well as in legal, military or ecclesiastical leanings. Some members of the family occupy prominent journalistic positions in Birmingham, England ; some in Australia ; some, as we see, in Canada, and several in the United States. In 1856 our subject became editor of the Galt Reporter and Berlin Chronicle, and for several years took an energetic, prominent and influential part in the political contests of South Wat- erloo. He married, on January 26th, 1854, Agnes Jackson, a native of Kilmarnock, Scotland, and the fruit of the union was 198 A CYCLOPEDIA OF eight children. Three of the sons are publishers and propie tors of the Canadian- American Journal, another holds an impor- tant office in the St. Paul M. & M. R.R., at Des Moines, Iowa, and the fifth is a partner with our subject, both being Grand TrunkR.R. agents in Berlin. Mr. Jaffray's father, we may say, established the Galt Reporter in 1847, and the son became part- ner with him in 1851. In 1856 the Berlin Chronicle was founded, but the enterprise was sold out in 1861. Mr. Jaffray has always been an unyielding and sturdy Con- servative. In 1862, Mr. Jaffray was ap- pointed postmaster for Berlin, and in 1864 he became the express and telegraph agent. In the period extending from 1865 to 1883, our subject has been councillor, deputy reeve, reeve and mayor, and occu- pied the last named position for two years. He has always been active and inter- ested in municipal affairs, and although an Englishman, has in many contests been victorious, by considerable majorities, in a German town. He is an Episcopalian, and has been a member of church choirs con- tinuously for over forty years. He once went to Scotland and England, and took a three months holiday through the two countries. It is scarcely necessary to say that our sub- ject is one of the most popular and respected inhabitants of Berlin. Rice, Rev. James Joseph, Belleville, the subject of this sketch, is a native of New- foundland, and was born at Twillingate, (a town which gives name to the Northern Electoral District of the "Ancient Colony,") on 22nd March, 1830. He is of English descent, his father and mother (James and Ann Rice) having had birth respectively in Devon and Somerset. James Rice, sr., ar- rived in Newfoundland in 1806, and after some years in mercantile life, received the appointment as Sheriff of the Northern Dis- trict (Twillingate and Fogo), a position which he continued to hold uninterruptedly until 1874, when, at the age of eighty-two, he relinquished office and life together. His only brother, R. P. Rice, has again and again been returned, sometimes without oppo- sition, as member of the House of Assembly for the district. The whole family were strict Episcopalians, although liberally disposed toward other sections of the church. Edu- cation in Newfoundland is under the charge of the different religious denominations, which receive government aid according to the service rendered; and in the Twillingate school of the Church of England he ob- tained the rudiments of an education, on which, in after life, was laid a solid up- building. At the early age of eleven years, Mr. Rice, jr., obtained the consent of his parents to leave home, and, proceeding to St. John's, the provincial capital (200 miles distant), he entered the Times printing office, and continued there five years, till 1846. On the 9th June, of that year, a terrible fire laid the city in ruins ; and shortly after, and consequent upon this, at the age of six- teen, another change of residence was made. His clothing destroyed by fire, and possessed of only what he wore, he secured a place on board a schooner bound for P. E. Island, and worked his passage. On the voyage he more than once narrowly escaped death by drowning. Once, when at the helm, and he the only one on deck, the vessel shot out of a fog bank, and the beetling cliffs of the Newfoundland coast in another minute would have carried destruction to ship and all on board, but for his prompt action and coolness in the presence of danger. Again, in a heavy gale, the vessel missed stays in coming about, and he was knocked over- board by the main boom, but the unac- countable presence of mind of an aged, stiff-limbed Acadian Frenchman, rescued him from certain death on that occasion. A month later, he reached Charlottetown, where, in the printing business, the sub- sequent seventeen years of his life were spent. During this period, his life was shaped, and his life work determined. In 1850 he was united in marriage to Ellen Penelope, youngest daughter of James and Catharine Pollard, old residents of Charlotte- town. In 1854, he purchased the Advertiser (a weekly Reform newspaper) office, to which he gave both editorial and mechanical management for nearly four years. In 1855 he received a commission as lieutenant in the 1st Queen's county regiment of militia, having been first elected to that position by the Prince of Wales Rifle Co. This position he continued to hold until 1859, when, im- pelled thereto by religious convictions, he resigned his commission. In 1858, Mr. Rice made a profession of converting grace, under the ministration of the late Rev. Cephas Barker, of the Bible Christian Church, and united with Methodism. In the autumn of 1857, he was recalled from a lucrative po- sition in Pictou, N. S., to assume mechan- ical management of the Protestant news- paper, established to resist the Roman Catholic demand for the expulsion of the Bible from the provincial public schools. This business relation continued until 1863, when Mr. Rice abandoned secular life for CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 199 the itinerant ministry. Having served three years as such at Vernon River, and then two years at West Cape, in P. E. Island, he was, in 1868, transferred to Ontario. During his five years' ministry on the island, he took a very active part in the temperance move- ment, lecturing over a large part of its area. His first appointment in Ontario was Bow- manville (the Connexional headquarters), in 1868. He subsequently received appoint- ments to Oshawa, Toronto, London, Hamil- ton, Clinton, and Cobourg, and during the twenty-two years he laboured as a Bible Christian minister, the improvement of church property received at his hands marked attention-new erections or enlarge- ments, with improvements in churches and parsonages, following almost every appoint- ment. He was always ready to go where his brethren decided he ought to go. For instance, after fifteen months at Oshawa, comfortably placed, and the work flourishing, he bowed to the voice of the committee, and went to Toronto, to establish the denomin- ation in the provincial metropolis. Having prospected, he found not one adherent who gave any encouragement, or offered in any way to co-operate. He secured Agricultural Hall, however, and, from the first Sunday in October, 1871, to February, 1872, held two services every Sunday. A lot was secured in the meantime, and, a temporary building, having been erected thereon, this was occupied thenceforward, until, in De- cember of 1873, Agnes street church was dedicated and occupied. Up to leaving the hall, congregations had greatly fluctuated, but, once occupying premises over which the pastor exercised full control, congregations greatly increased, a good Sunday-school was gathered, and at the close of his pastorate (June, 1875), he had a congregation of four hundred to five hundred at Agnes street, and one of eighty to one hundred in another appointment which he had opened on Lip- pincott street, in the north-west part of the city. The membership under his pastorate had grown to seventy-five, Sunday-school teachers, to twenty-six, and Sunday-school scholars, to two hundred and sixty-six. He personally canvassed, while in Toronto, the most of the connexion, and raised about $7,500 towards the Toronto property. From the first conference he attended, to the union of Methodism, official duties inces- santly fell to his lot. He was finance secretary one year, missionary secretary two years, and conference secretary three years, and at the Mitchell conference, in 1878, he was unanimously elected president. He was district superintendent of London, Toronto, and Cobourg districts-filling the latter po- sition at the time of the amalgamation. His sympathies were always with a United Meth- odism, and he was linked in with the move- ment from its inception to its consummation. In 1870, he represented his denomination at the great gathering in Toronto, (developed chiefly under the hand of Rev. Dr. Dewart} and gave one of the fine addresses on that occasion, his subject being, Methodism, its characteristics and mission. " He was a mem- ber of the union committee a'l through its work, and, on the assembly of the first gen- eral conference of the Methodist church, he was unanimously chosen as its associate secretary. From the Bay of Quinte con- ference he received his first appointment as a minister of the new church, to the City of Belleville. During his London pastorate, he lost by death the wife of his youth, and, while on his next field of labour (Hamil- ton!, he married (August, 1880) Mary Edith Cressall, daughter of the late John Coates, of Quebec city, but born in King's county, Ireland. Of a large family born of his first marriage, five still survive, the eldest of whom is Rev. J. P. Rice, of the Toronto conference, who has been in the itinerant ministry for twelve years. Mr. Rice is still full of vigour, both physically and mentally. His life, in many ways, be- side that of his sacred profession, has been useful and active. Musson, George, Toronto, the sub- ject of this memoir, was born at Toronto, on the 3rd of November, 1836. His parents, William Musson and Mary Ann Woodley, were natives of England, and were married in that country. His father for a number of years was engaged as a tin plate manufac- turer, in England ; but in 1820, allured by the brighter prospects which a new country held out for intelligent industry, he set sail for Canada, and in due time reached Toronto (then Little York), where he settled. George Musson attended the Toronto Academy for a time, but finished his studies in Upper Canada College. In 1853 he entered into the employ of the late William Monaghan, one of the largest retail grocers in the city, and here he remained for two years, when he took a position in the office of Wakefield, Coate & Co., auctioneers and commission merchants. In this situation he remained for twelve years, during which time he held the position of book-keeper. He found, how- ever, that this was a slow way to get along in the world, at least for one of his fitness and ambition, so he left for Buffalo, U.S. Here 200 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF he formed a partnership with his brother, Henry Musson, in a general grain and com- mission business, and continued in this partnership for two years, when he returned to Toronto, and began for himself a mer- cantile brokerage business. After a time John Morrow joined him, and in 3878 the firm embarked in the foreign commission trade. In this they have continued, and they now carry on a very large business in teas, coffees and sugars. They have di- rect connection with China, Japan, the West Indies, Rio de Janeiro, and other shipping ports,and their transactions extend from one end of Canada to the other. In 1861, dur- ing the Trent excitement, Mr. Musson en- listed in No. 1 Company of the Queen's Own Rifles, and after serving for some time, he received an ensign's commission. How- ever, he soon afterwards transferred to the 10th Royals, retaining the same rank he had held in the Queen's Own. Shortly after- wards he was promoted to the captaincy of No. 5 company ; and during the time of the St. Albans' raids, in 1865, he was sent to Laprairie, as senior officer of two companies. These two companies were detailed for duty, and quartered in the barracks at Laprairie for two months. In the following year, during the Fenian raid, he was sent with his regiment to the front, and stationed at Fort Erie, where the regiment remained under canvas for three weeks. In 1883 Mr. Musson was appointed vice-consul for the Empire of Brazil at Toronto. He married, in 1863, Agnes Balfour, third daughter of the late John Balfour, of the firm of Scobie & Bal- four, publishers and stationers, Toronto. By this union he has had six children, three of whom survive. He is a member of the Church of England, and has been for six years warden in the Church of the Re- deemer, Toronto. In politics he is a stead- fast Conservative, and one who studies and masters for himself the questions of the hour. Smithson, William Henry, Assist- ant Accountant, Post Office Department, Ottawa, Canada, was born at Portland, St. John, N.B., on the 28th February, 1834. He is the son of the late Rev. William Smithson, and his wife, Elizabeth Harrison. His father was descended from an old York- shire, England, family ; and his mother was the daughter of a U. E. loyalist officer, who, with his brother, also an officer, took up their grants of land at Sheffield, on the St. John river. His mother, who is still living, is now 84 ; but his father died sud- denly in 1866, at the age of 69. Mr. Smith- son, sr., was for over forty years a Wesleyan Methodist minister in high standing ; and his first appointment was to the Shetland Islands. He came to New Brunswick in 1827, where he was married. " A very prominent feature of Mr. Smithson's char- acter was his catholicity of spirit. When leaving his last circuit to go on the retired list, in his closing service, the clergymen of the Episcopal and Presbyterian churches accompanied him to the pulpit, and after his farewell sermon delivered appropriate addresses. He was stationed at Portand, St. John, at the time of the cholera visita- tion, in 1834, and, by a remarkable coinci- dence, twenty years after, when the cholera again raged in that city, he occupied the same sphere of labour. Without intermis- sion, demands were made upon him, often by entire strangers, but none were ever refused. When pestilence was walking in darkness and wasting by noonday, causing dismay to strong hearts, and spreading a funereal hue over every habitation, he braved the plague, and tracked the cholera- stricken city by day and night, amongst high and low, rich and poor, whenever or wherever duty called him. The last three years of his public ministry were spent in the Halifax, N.S., district, of which he was chairman ; and those who were with him in that district, and by whose unanimous suffrages he had been elected to that hon- ourable position, the highest that could be accorded to him, except the presidency of the conference, will ever cherish a deep remembrance of his fidelity and kindness, his anxiety for the cause of God, and his solicitude for the welfare of his brethren." Thus said the Provincial Wesleyan. Other newspapers, likewise, bore not less hearty tribute to the worth of the deceased. His mother is universally loved and respected by a large circle of friends in both New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The following tribute was paid to the memory of his mother's brother, the late Rev. Canon Har- rison, Church of England, by the press : "Few men in his profession, or, indeed, in any capacity of life, were more sincerely loved and respected than the late devoted rector of St. Luke's Church. He leaves behind him a fragrant memory and an hon- ourable name." Another of his mother's brothers was the late Hon. Charles Harrison, for a great many years a member of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick. Our subject was educated at Albion Vale Acad- emy, Annapolis, since discontinued ; and at Sackville Academy, now a college. He CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 201 pursued general studies, including French and the classics. He was appointed clerk in the Post Office Department, New Bruns- wick, May 1, 1860, and accountant in 1867. He was removed to the head office, Ottawa, in June, 1868, and made assistant account- ant of the Dominion of Canada Post Office department, on July 1st, 1873, which posi- tion he now holds, to the fullest satisfaction of the service and the public. He joined the ancient order of Freemasons in 1855, and soon after was exalted to the Royal Arch degree, and assisted in establishing the first Royal Arch Chapter in Fredericton, where he resided. When he was appointed to the Post Office department of New Bruns- wick, the postmaster-general, who was a per- sonal friend, offered him the position with- out any application or solicitation on the part of himself or his friends. Owing prin- cipally to his father having been a Metho- dist minister, it may be related that he has actually resided in ten different places. Mr. Smithson married on the 1st June, 1858, Louise J., youngest daughter of the late Hon. Charles Perley, member of the Legis- lative Council of New Brunswick. Hon. Charles Perley died in 1877, at the age of 80, and had represented Carleton county in the House of Assembly and the Legislative Council of New Brunswick from 1843 until his death, having been appointed to the Legislative Council in 1863. Mr. Smithson has had three children, but of these there is only one daughter living. When at school he was most interested in chemistry studies, and after leaving there went to St. John, N.B., for the purpose of becoming a chemist and druggist, and afterwards opened a chem- ist and druggist establishment in Frederic- ton, N.B., which he carried on for several years, before joining the Post Office Depart- ment. In religion, he is a Wesleyan Metho- dist. Tizard, George Langrisli, Oakville, was born in Weymouth, Dorset, England, on the 11th of June, 1847. His father was George Tizard, and he engaged extensively in the coal business in that place. Our sub- ject was educated at the Toronto Grammar School, which he left at the age of sixteen. He was then articled as a student-at-law to Helliwell & O'Brien. In 1868, when his articles expired, he remained in the office, and soon afterwards became a partner in the firm, which assumed the name of Robin- son, O'Brien & Tizard, and in this position he continued till 1877. He then practised on his own account for a year in Toronto, and was likewise for another year partner with another gentleman. In 1879, he removed to Oakville, where he has practised ever since with very fair success. He served in the Queen's Own Rifles, and holds a second class- certificate in the military school, and he was gazetted as ensign in the 2nd battalion of York Militia. But Mr. Tizard also gave a good deal of attention to civic politics,, and in recognition of his services in this di- rection, a number of his fellow citizens waited upon him, and asked him to allow them to nominate him for the city council. He consented and was elected aiderman for St. John's ward, in the City of Toronto. This was in the year 1878-79. He is now also a High School trustee for the town of Oakville. This, it may be said, is an ap- pointment by the county council. Mr. Tiz- ard is a Freemason of Oakville Lodge, No. 400 ; and he is also a member of St. Paul's Royal Arch Chapter. He is likewise past county master in the Royal Black Knights of Ireland, Toronto ; and past district mas- ter in the centre Toronto Orange order. He has travelled through the United States and Canada, and also through England. In religion, he is, and always has been, an Epis- copalian. In politics, he is a straight Tory,, and has been so from his youth. He married on the 11th of September, 1872, Johanna Mitchell, daughter of Colonel Mitchell, who served during 1837, in quelling the rebellion led by William Lyon Mackenzie, and she is also granddaughter of Gen. Adamson, who served in the Peninsula. By this lady, he has had five children, four boys and one girl. In manner, Mr. Tizard is genial and kindly. In a public and business way, he is exceed- ingly popular, and socially his following of friends is large. Brown, William, D.L.S., C.E., Pro- fessor of Agriculture, Guelph Agricul- tural College, was born on the 14th April,. 1835, at Turriff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He is a son of James Brown, LL.D.,, author of " The Forester," and now a resident of Port Elgin, Ontario, Canada,. His mother was Janet Erskine. His great grandfather, on his father's side, was cousin to Rev. John Brown, minister of Hadding- ton, commonly called "Bible Brown."' Professor Brown was educated principally in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, in the ordinary parochial schools of the country, and he attended school up to his seventeenth year ; thereafter he was entirely self-taught. He was a justice of the peace in Aberdeen- shire for twelve years, and railway director there for five years, ending 1869. He was also commissioner for the County of Aberdeen, 202 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF and one of fifteen appointed to superintend the cattle plague of 1867 ; and was for three years clerk and treasurer of North and South Orillia and Matchedash. In 1861 he joined the Masonic Order of Scotland. Up to his twentieth year Mr. Brown was largely em- ployed by his father in the superintend- ence of forest tree planting in England and in Scotland; in the extensive drainage of farms ; and in the general improvement of landed estates. From twenty to twenty- four he was engaged on a survey of the estates of the Earl of Seafield in Banffshire, Scotland, and had also the personal manage- ment of the estates of Andrew Stewart, M. P. for Auchlunkart, in the same county. In 1860 he received the important appoint- ment of factor to Colonel Farquharson of Invercauld, Braemar, Aberdeenshire, Scot- land. This estate is one of the most exten- sive in Scotland,and embraces about 135,000 acres of land, with nearly 500 tenants, 30,000 sheep, and corresponding Highland charac- teristics, such as shooting, fishing, etc., and unusually valuable woods and forests. It was chiefly because of Mr. Brown's intimate practical acquaintance with Arboriculture that he received this onerous appointment. He took an active part in improving the roads of the district, and in introducing traction engines for the conveyance of timber to the railroads, and ultimately to the extension of the railway itself. Canada presenting bet- ter prospects for his family of three sons and three daughters, he emigrated in 1871, and bought a farm near Orillia, and in addi- tion to farming acted as provincial land sur- veyor ; and he was appointed to the charge of the Ontario Agricultural College and Ex- perimental Farm in 1875. Prof. Brown is author of various important papers, among others one on " British Sheep Farming," published in Edinburgh, and one on the "Claims of Arboriculture as a Science," read before the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He is gold medal- list of the Highland and Agricultural So- ciety of Scotland, as well as of the Scottish Arboricultural Society. It is hardly neces- sary here to say how prosperous has been the Guelph Agricultural College since Prof. Brown took its management. Its reputation for excellence is now so well established that its membership each year includes students from the most distant parts of Canada, from Great Britain, and from the United States. Professor Brown is an enthusiast in his work, and, besides his duties as head of the Agri- cultural and Experimental departments of the college, he has given lectures upon scien- tific farming, stock-raising, etc., through many parts of Canada. He is also skilled in forestry, and his brother is government con- servator of Forests for South Australia. Wicksteed, Gustavus W., Q.C., Law Clerk of the House of Commons, Ot- tawa, the subject of this sketch, was born at Liverpool, England, in December, 1799. His father was a member of the Cheshire and Shropshire family Wicksteed. His mother was of a Lancashire family, and her name was Tatlock. Mr. Wicksteed came to Canada in 1821, on the invitation of his uncle, Mr. Fletcher, who was soon after- wards appointed judge of the then new dis- trict of St. Francis, Quebec. He studied machanical engineering in England, and was for some time employed in work connected with that profession. In 1825, he commenced the study of the law under the late Colonel Gugy. In the fall of 1828, he entered the service of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada as assistant law clerk. In 1841, on the motion of John Neilson, he was ap- pointed law clerk and chief English trans- lator to the Legislative Assembly of the Pro- vince of Canada ; and in 1867, to the same office in the House of Commons of Canada ; and this office he holds still. In 1841, he was appointed, with the Honourable Mr. Heney and A. Buchanan, a commissioner for re- vising the Statutes and Ordinances of Lower Canada, with the present Justice John- son for secretary. In 1854, His Excellency the Earl of Elgin, gave him his silk gown. In 1856, he was appointed, with Sir J. B. Macau- ay, ex-chief justice, and five other gentle- men from Upper Canada, and A. Polette, R. MacKay, A. Stuart and T. J. J. Loranger (all now judges), and Geo. De Boucher- ville (now clerk of the Legislative Council), from Lower Canada, a commissioner to " examine, revise, consolidate and classify" the Public General Statutes of Canada. In 1864-5, he was a commissioner, with ex- Chancellor Blake and Justice Day, for fix- ing the remuneration to be paid by the gov- ernment to the several railway companies for the carriage of mails. On the death of Mr. Lindsay, Sir George Cartier offered Mr. Wicksteed the clerkship of the Legisla- tive Assembly, but told him that he would prefer his retaining his present position, which he considered of greater importance. He has been twice married in Canada, first to the second daughter of John Gray, first president of the Bank of Montreal; and se- condly, to the eldest daughter of Captain John Fletcher, of Her Majesty's 72nd regi- ment, then an officer of Her Majesty's Impe- CANADIAN BIO GRAPH!. 203 rial Customs at Quebec ; and he has been a householder in each of the five cities which have been the seats of government. He thinks, therefore, that he may now fairly call himself a Canadian, without ceasing to re- member that he is English born. At the time of writing,our worthy subject is still in office, and though he is now in his eighty-sixth year, he performed his duties through the late over long and trying session with the most complete satisfaction to everybody. He is, it may be said, the oldest official, and the oldest man in the civil service of Canada. In addition to Mr. Wicksteed's successes in official and professional life, as chronicled above, he has won many laurels in literature. Ever since a boy he has shown strong lite- rary inclinations, and a yearning to speak with " a lettered tongue. " H is chief literary production is "Waifs inVerse," a volume nicely bound and well printed ; we only wish that we had the space here to give specimens of the author's work. The poetry assumes chiefly the form of vers de society; and some of them, indeed a great many of them, are not surpassed for verve, wit, ease of rhyth- mical flow, and happy and clever hits. In his " apology " for his " Waifs" he says, " I may have a modest wish for honourable mention in the Canadian list of authors, as having written something besides statutes and tables of statutes :- In Morgan's useful book my place is small; In stately Taylor's work I've none at all I may have a secret aspiration for a higher place in the former, and some little obscure niche in the latter :-' Vanity, perhaps, as- sisting.' I have arranged the pieces almost always in the order of their birth, and the earliest ones, are therefore, the most senti- mental. I was young then and am old now ; but hope you will think the lines on old Christ Church, and the touching In Memoriam to the Times, show that in my old age the qua- lity is not quite extinct in me. But you may ask, why should 1, a rather ancient Q.C., and law clerk to the House of Commons, write and print verses. My good friend, what I have done officially is the very reason and justi- fication for what I am doing now. Having made so much heavy prose in statute form, ' it is but fair to add a little rhyme.' I do not know that any of our present leading politicians have distinguished themselves in verse, but they must have the main element of poesy in them, when their very opponents acknowledge their speeches to be ' full of invention,' and of ' imagination all com- pact.' On this point, therefore, I am justi- fled by precedent and authority as ample as a lawyer could wish for. But you may, per- haps, object, that I have occasionally been a little harder on public men and their doings than befits my position ; that I by no means inculcate teetotalism as becomes the author of a temperance bill; and that I am some- times slightly critical on my French Cana- dian fellow-subjects. But be pleased, my dear friend, to remember that I almost al- ways wrote in a representative character, and had to express the feelings and views of my constituents, my non-paying clients, rather than my own." The edge and cleverness of Mr. Wicksteed's writings may be guessed from these extracts. The prose bits, inter- spersed through the volume, are hardly less clever than the " Waifs," themselves. The editor has seldom seen a volume that he has read with more interest than these "Waifs" of the genial law clerk. He has made some skilful translations of verse, among which may be noted that of Dr. Louis Honore Frechette's poem, Fors I'honneur. In Mem- orial, 8th Sept., 1860; Levis burning his colours to prevent their surrender to the enemy. It is not often that a poet is satis- fied with a translation of his work. Dr. Frechette was, and in the next number of La Patrie he spoke of " Waifs in verse " as "ce fin recueil de poesies detachees, oil 1'enthousiasme du patriote se mele ii la verve caustique de chansonnier, la note legere- ment sentimentale avec la petite pointe du satiriste de bonne humeur." " This bright little collection of occasional poems, in which the fire of the patriot mingles with the caustic wit of the songster, and a gently sentimental tone with good humoured sa- tire." McLaughlin, James Francis, one of Toronto's prominent general grain and flour dealers, was born at Mono Mills, in the County of Cardwell, on May 1st, 1852. His father, who was one of the worthiest and most highly respected inhabitants of Cardwell, came to Canada in 1830, and settled at Mono Mills, where, perceiving that milling would unquestionably be pro- fitable, he built a grist mill. We have anticipated, however, in saying that he settled at Mono Mills, for this latter name came to be applied in consequence of the existence of Mr. McLaughlin's mill. The subject of our sketch received the best edu- cation that could be obtained at Mono Mills ; and when he had attained his fif- teenth year, he left school and began to learn the business of milling in his father's employ. But he was a young man of alto- 204 A CYCLOPEDIA OF gether unusual energy, capacity and ambi- tion. This is well proven by the fact, that when he reached his twentieth year he bought his father out, undertook himself the management of the mills, and simul- taneously conducted a general store. It is not often that of a young man of twenty as much as this can be said. This double and extensive business Mr. McLaughlin man- aged with marked ability and success till 1881, when a desire, which he had had for some time, to go to Toronto, prevailed. In the Queen City he saw an opening for a successful grain and flour business ; and in such manner he established himself there. He did not let his hold upon the profitable, and now historic, Mono Mills go, but still carries them on in conjunction with his business in grain and flour. It is hardly necessary to say that the success which attended Mr. McLaughlin's early exertions has not been denied to him in his new and larger sphere. For the greater part his time and attention are absorbed by his large and growing business, nevertheless he has paid much attention to politics in his day. He contested Cardwell with Thomas White, (now Minister of the Interior), in 1882, and though he was not successful, he polled the largest vote ever given to a liberal candidate in that constituency. Our subject has travelled much, and in his travels he has kept his eyes observantly open. He married, September, 1883, Isa- bella Small, who had formerly resided at Mono Mills. By this union he has had one child. Mr. McLaughlin is a Roman catholic. He is extremely genial, and very agreeable in manner. Wliiteaves, Joseph Frederick, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., Ottawa, the subject of this sketch, was born December 26,1835, at Oxford, England. He was educated near Oxford, London and Brighton. Between the years 1855 (or a little earlier) and 1861, he devoted his attention to the study of, first, the invertebrate zoology ; and, second, to that of the invertebrate palaeontology of the Jurassic rocks of the immediate vicinity of his native city. At the request of the late Professor Phillips, he prepared a paper on ' ' The Land and Fresh-water Mollusca inhabiting the neighbourhood of Oxford," which was read before the Ashmolean So- ciety in 1857, and published in the transac- tions of that body for the same year. He also published some of the results of his palaeontological studies in the " Report of the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science," in 1860, and in the " An- nals and Magazine of Natural History" (London), for 1861. During the last named year he came to Canada. From 1863 to 1876, both years included, he was scientific curator and recording secretary to the Na- tural History Society of Montreal, and con- tributed many papers on Canadian zoology and palaeontology to its journal, the " Cana- adian Naturalist and Geologist." He prose- cuted five deep-sea dredging expeditions to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1867, 1869, 1871, 1872 and 1873, the last three under the auspices of the Department of Marine and Fisheries of the Dominion government, and published papers descriptive of the results of these investigations in the reports of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, in the " Canadian Naturalist," the " Annals and Magazine of Natural History" (London), and in the " American Journal of Science and Arts." He first joined the Geological Survey of Canada, in 1874, and for two years had charge of the Mesozoic and Ter- tiary fossils and zoological specimens in the museum of that institution, under E. Billings. He was elected palaeontologist and zoologist to the Survey in October, 1876, and subsequently one of the four as- sistant directors. His principal publications, since he joined the Survey, are illustrated monographs on the invertebrate fossils of the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Vancouver Island and other islands in the Strait of Georgia adjacent thereto ; on those of the Middle Cretaceous rocks of the Queen Char- lotte Islands ; on those of the Guelph for- mation of Western Ontario ; and on those of the Laramie and Cretaceous rocks of the Bow and Belly River districts. Also various papers on the fossil fishes of the Devonian rocks of Scanmenac Bay, P.Q., and on those of Campbellton, N.B., as well as others on the recent marine invertebrata of the Pacific Coast of Canada. In addition to those in the annual reports of the Survey, he has contributed papers, mostly on palaeontologi- cal subjects, to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada ; to the Reports of the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, to the " American Naturalist," and to the " American Journal of Science and Arts." He was elected an honorary member of the Ashmolean Society, Oxford, England, in 1857 ; a Fellow of the Geological Society of London, in 1859 ; an honorary member of the Natural History Society of Montreal, in 1876; and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, in 1882. He has worked a good deal with the microscope, and has devoted the greater part of his life CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. to the study of palaeontology and zoology, his speciality being recent and fossil inver- tebrata. A painstaking official, an ardent lover of science, this gentleman brings a zeal and a knowledge to the work in his charge, which science and the public will not readily forget. Dunnet, Janies Waters, Mayor of Belleville, Ontario, was born at Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, on the 14th January, 1840. He was a son of James Dunnet, who married Jane Gilchrist Waters. The parents of our subject first came to Montreal, and there remained for the period of four years. At the expiration of that time they moved to Pakenham, a small village not far from Ottawa, and there abode. But James W. left Pakenham in 1864 and proceeded to Peterboro', where he commenced business. Here he remained until 1870, when he finally took up his abode in Belleville. He received his education, which comprised English, ancient and modern languages, mathematics, and the other higher branches, at the Academy of Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, whither he was sent from Canada, and where he swept all the first prizes in classics and mathematics. He came to this country in 1842; and he became a captain in the vol- unteer force, active militia, in 1862. He afterward became paymaster of the 57th battalion, Peterboro', and major of the 15th battalion A. L. 1., Belleville. In 1881 he was prevailed upon by a large number of friends to offer for a seat at the civic board ; and having accepted the invitation, he was elected, and was re-elected in 1882 and again in 1883. In 1884 he was elected mayor ; and again re-elected in 1885. He is a strong advocate of temperance, and adopted the Scott Act as his platform when he ran for the mayoralty. At the time of the arrest of Mason and Slidell upon the high seas, Mr. Dunnet was a resident of Pakenham, and he there raised a company of volunteers. He has for many years been connected with the Orange and Oddfellows' societies, and in both of these organizations is a member in high standing. In religion he professes the Episcopal faith, and has served as church-warden for several years. He has been a superintendent of Sunday-schools likewise, and held that position in Peterboro' before moving to Belleville. His sympathies are altogether with the Low Church party. On Nov. 9th, 1864, he married Elizabeth Jane Gibson. Mr. Dunnet is now among the staunchest and most prominent dry goods merchants in Belleville, and his ca- reer, as referred to in the beginning of this sketch, reveals his regard and popularity among his townsfolk. It may be that higher public honours are in store for Mr. Dunnet. Watters, Rev. Bernard James, Parish Priest of Goderich, was born in the City of Quebec on the 29th Sept., 1845. This able and pious priest was a son of John and Jane (McGauran) Watters, who who came from the Province of Connaught, Ireland, the former from the town of Cas- tlebar, and the latter from the town of Sligo. Mr. Watters took up his abode in Quebec upon his arrival, and afterwards conducted in that city a mercantile business. Young Bernard Watters began his educational stu- dies at the High School in Quebec, in 1859, under the late Dr. Smith, the rec- tor of that excellent institution. Here he remained for two years, following the gene- ral course ; but he also took private lessons in classics, from Dr. Smith, for a period of three years. He likewise attended the French Seminary, where he completed a fine classical course, and acquired an inti- mate knowledge of the French language. In 1865 he entered Ste. Anne's College, below Quebec, and here joined the philo- sophical class, of which the Rev. Andre Pelletier was the able professor. In 1866, under the professorship of the Rev. Achille Valier, he began a course in chemistry, physics, astronomy, botany, etc. The year following he entered the ecclesiastical state, and received the tonsure at the hands of the late Right Reverend Charles Bailler- geon, archbishop of Quebec. In 1868 he received minor orders at the hands of the same archbishop. He now commenced his theological studies, which were pursued under the pious Father Blanchet. In 1869, feeling a desire for mission life in Ontario, the young seminarian applied for and re- ceived his exeat from the archbishop, and set out for the diocese of London, into which he was adopted by its learned and distinguished bishop, Rt. Rev. Dr. Walsh. He here received the orders of sub-deacon and deacon, at the hands of that prelate, on the second week of October, 1869 ; and on the 28 th October of the same year, he was ordained priest. After ordination, he re- mained a few months with the bishop, and in Jan., 1870, he was appointed assistant to the Very Rev. Dean Murphy, P. P., Dub- lin, Ont. He remained here fifteen months, when he was recalled by the bishop to his palace. Here he remained for nearly three years as assistant at St. Peter's, and for some time as secretary. In June, 1873, he was appointed by his lordship, rector of 205 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 206 Corunna, a parish situated on the St. Clair river, six miles below Sarnia. Father Wat- ters built a brick church in Port Lambton while parish priest of Corunna, and made many improvements in the two churches and the house while there. He remained in this parish till he was promoted to the pastorship of Goderich, of which place he is at present parish priest. A brief reference to the late Rev. B. McGauran, brother of Rev. Mr. Watters' mother, may be appro- priate here. He was born in the parish of Ballisodare, County Sligo, on the 14th Au- gust, 1821, and came to this country with his parents at an early age. In the spring of 1847, he was appointed chaplain at Grosse Isle, and was the first priest stricken by the ship fever of that terrible year, from the effects of which, and the labours he underwent, he never fully recovered. In the same year he was appointed vicaire of St. Patrick's, Quebec. In 1848 he was ap- pointed missionary in the Eastern Town- ships, his mission including nearly the whole of the present diocese of Sherbrooke, and, as during his incumbency of this very extensive mission, the construction of the Grand Trunk Railway was in operation, his labours were neither few nor light. Re- signing his charge through sheer exhaustion in 1854, he was named des-servant of L'Ange Gardien, and later vicaire of St. Joseph of Levis, and later vicaire in the parish of Notre Dame de Levis, on the healthful heights of that town, opposite Quebec. In 1871, on the occasion of his silver jubilee in the priesthood, he was presented with an address, accompanied by a gold watch and chain, by the committee of St. Patrick's church. In 1872 he visited Europe, and in Ireland he was the recipient of many marks of esteem, notably from the late distinguish- ed Archbishop McHale, whom he first met in historic Cong, and was subsequently his cherished guest in Tuam. In London he was most warmly received and hospitably entertained by Cardinal Manning, to whom he imparted a large amount of information concerning Canada, particularly with regard to the school system ; thus, no doubt, laying the foundation of the Cardinal's subsequent action in providing for so many of that great city's waifs. In Rome he was accorded a private audience by the late Pope Pius IX., and was authorised to bestow the Papal benediction on his people, a privilege which he availed himself of, and the solemnity of that Sunday in St. Patrick's is still fondly remembered. Specially honoured by the Cardinal-Dean Patrizzi, he was accorded a great many spiritual privileges, amongst others that of erecting an altar in his pri- vate residence and of celebrating Holy Mass there whenever he should think tit. The crowning work of his life was the foundation of the St. Bridget's Asylum at Quebec. Barrick, Dr. Eli James, Toronto, M.D., M.R.C.S., England, L.R.C.P. and S., London and Edinburgh, one of the many successful medical practitioners Toronto can boast of, was born on the 28th De- cember, 1838, in the township of Wainfleet, Welland, Ontario. Dr. Barrick is descend- ed, on the mother's side, from Jacob Ott, a U. E. loyalist, who came over from the State of Pennsylvania at the close of the last century, and settled on a farm in the township of Wainfleet, County of Welland. Here he abode, and brought up a family of nine children, two sons and seven daughters, all of whom married and settled in that part of the country. Their descendents form a large portion of the population of Wain- fleet and contiguous parts. Dr. Barrick at- tended the common school in Wainfleet, and when twelve years old, removed with his eldest brother, Benjamin, to a farm six miles further west in the township of Moul- ton. On this farm he worked, and attended the common school until 1856. His habits at this period were marked by great indus- try, and he showed a strong desire to be- come a builder, therefore, in the spring of 1856 he began to learn the building trade ; but an attack of the ague coming on in the afternoon of the commencing day, caused him to return to school. This turned the whole current of his life-work. On resuming school he pursued his studies with more than ordinary industry ; and in the fall of the same year he went to Toronto, and en- tered as a pupil at the Normal School. Here he attended two sessions, and at the close of the second, 1857, he received a second-class certificate. In January, 1858, he took charge of a common school in the township of Humberstone, four miles east of Stonebridge, and taught with great suc- cess until May, 1880, and again resumed studies at the Normal School for another year. In June, 1881, he was one of five who received the highest certificates grant- ed. In the following July, on recommenda- tion of the teachers at the Normal School, he took charge of the common school No. 9, township of Puslinch, County of Wellington, which he conducted with remarkable suc- cess for three and a half years, and then gave it up to attend Rolph's Medical School at Toronto. In 1866 our subject obtained CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 207 the degree of M.D., from the University of Victoria College. After graduating, he spent some time at the hospitals and dispensaries in New York, and then went to London, England, where he resumed his studies at Thomas's Hospital for one year. He was the first Canadian who took the position of resident accoucheur at that hospital. Dur- ing his residence in London, he passed suc- cessfully examinations before the Royal Col- lege of Physicians and the Royal College of Surgeons, in both London and Edinburgh. He returned home in May, 1867, and prac- ticed medicine in Dunnville, until 1st of October of the same year. Again he entered the Rolph School as demonstrator of ana- tomy, and commenced practice in Toronto. After holding this position for three years, he was appointed professor of midwifery and diseases of women and children, which position he held until the dissolution of the school in 1874. Since then he has devoted the whole of his time to the practice of the profession. Very early in life he had ■de- cided convictions in regard to temperance, and when about sixteen years of age, he took a firm stand, and became a total ab- stainer, and he has continued to be one ever since. The doctor is fully persuaded that the only safe course for a young man to pursue is to totally abstain from the use of liquors. His religious training he re- ceived from his mother, and this Christian woman's teaching has been a tower of strength to her children and grandchildren, which the scepticism of the age has not been able to shake. Dr. Barrick has been a member of the Methodist church for nearly thirty years, and at present is one of the trus- tees of the Metropolitan church, Toronto. His connections with societies have been principally as medical attendant, and in this capacity he has been connected with the Orange Lodges Nos. 212, 657 and 127 ; the Courts Robin Hood and Hope, A. O. Foresters ; and Hay & Co's Benefit Society. In politics Dr. Barrick is a Liberal-Conser- vative. On the 28th of April, 1870, he married Kate Head Newcombe, of Toronto, and the fruit of this marriage was eight children, only three of whom now survive- two boys and a girl. Mrs. Barrick is sister of Drs. James and William Newcombe, and Octavius and Henry (of 0. Newcombe & Co.,) and Mrs. A. J. Mason, all of whom, with their mother, came to Toronto from Devonshire, England, in 1856. Holgate, Thomas Franklin, B.A., Professor of Mathematics, Albert College, Belleville, Ontario, was born in the County of Hastings, Ontario, on the 8th April, 1859. He is a son of Thomas Holgate, who was born in Yorkshire, England, and settled in Ontario in early life. He was a pioneer settler, and afterwards held the commission of justice of the peace. His mother, Elea- nor, whose maiden name was Wright, was descended of United Empire loyalist stock. Our subject was educated in Albert College, taking the governor-general's medal for pro- ficiency at matriculation, and honours in ma- thematics throughout the whole course. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1884, and was immediately appointed pro- fessor of mathematics in Albert College, having gained experience in teaching in the public schools, and as tutor in Albert Col- lege. He studied at first and attended col- lege with the view of making teaching his life work. He is examiner in mathematics for Victoria University, and also holds a first class grade A certificate from the Educa- tional department. He assisted in organiz- ing a company of volunteers in Albert Col- lege, in connection with the 15th battalion A.L.I. active militia, and rose to the rank of lieutenant. He volunteered for service in the North-West, in the late rebellion, and was ordered to the front, but when it was decided to take only one company from the 15th, on account of duties at the col- lege, the order was cancelled. Our subject is in full connection with the Methodist church, and has twice been lay representa. tive to the annual conference of that church from Belleville tabernacle. He was married on August 12th, 1885, to Julia Sharpe, daughter of John Sharpe, J.P., of Ernes- to wn, Ontario. His wife is of U.E. loyalist descent. Her grandfather, Lucas Sharpe, was for many years a pensioner, on account of active service in the war of 1812. Dewart, Rev. Edward Hartley, D.D., Toronto, a prominent divine and author in the Methodist church, and a prominent Canadian litterateur, was born in the County of Cavan, Ireland, in the year 1828. He is, we observe, by authentic records, of mingled Scotch and English descent, his father's ancestors having come originally from Scotland, and his mother's from England. When he was six years old he came, with his parents, to this country, the family settling in the County of Peter- borough, Ontario. Here Edward Hartley Dewart passed his boyhood and his youth. Schools in those days were few, and they were as a rule deficient in system, and not provided with competent heads. The edu- cational facilities open to young Dewart 208 A CYCLOPEDIA OF were not better than those just character- ized, but the lad was a persistent student, and his love for reading amounted almost to a passion. His home was pretty gener- ously stocked with books, but through all these he went,and then he read every volume that he could borrow from his neighbours. It is not much to be wondered at that his church and his adopted country were in after .years to get a good account of him. In the year 1847, he resolved to avail himself of greater educational advantages, we are told, and to qualify himself for a broader sphere of usefulness. In order to effect this object he started one wintry November morning, <from his secluded forest home, to become a student of the Normal College in Toronto, which had been opened a few months pre- viously for public instruction. With char- acteristic energy and determination, he travelled the whole of the distance, one hun- dred and twenty miles, on foot. After prosecuting his studies here with remarkable success, he returned home at the end of the academic year, taught school for about twelve or fourteen months, and came back again to attend lectures for another session. His ability and assiduity as a student soon rendered his proficiency so marked in all his studies that he was frequently employed by the professors to assist them in teaching their classes. In 1851, he was called to the work of the Christian ministry, in connection with the Wesleyan Methodist church, of which he had been a member since 1843. He •commenced his ministerial labours on the St. Thomas circuit, some months after the meet- ing of the conference, as junior preacher, under the direction of the chairman of the London district. After remaining a second year on this circuit, he travelled respectively for one year the Port Hope and Thorold cir- cuits. On completing his four years' proba- tion, he was ordained in London, in June, 1855, and sent to Dundas. The next year, he married Miss Matilda Hunt, of Hamilton, Ontario, and was appointed superintendent of the St. Andrew's circuit, on the Ottawa river. He laboured here for two years, when he was sent to the Odelltown circuit. In 1860 he was stationed by the conference in Montreal west. Very shortly afterwards he was compelled, owing to enfeebled health, caused by protracted overwork before coming to the city, to resign his charge, and to re- tire temporarily from the pastorate. After his health had become restored, he under- took the superintendence of the St. John's circuit, where he laboured for three years. Thereafter we find him at Collingwood, at Toronto, and at Ingersoll. In 1869 lie was elected editor of the Christian Guardian, a position for which his passionate love for literature, and for literature of the highest and best, eminently fitted him. This position he has since filled, with unbounded credit to himself and to the publication un- der his charge. Conference after conference saw him re-elected to the control of this paper. At the great general conference of united Methodism, in 1883, he was elected by acclamation by the united church. Not- withstanding the large amount of church work pressing upon his time, our distin- guished subject has been enabled to employ his pen in the production of a considerable quantity of enduring work. He is a grace- ful and pleasing writer of prose, and his verses, of which he has written a goodly number, embracing patriotic, domestic, and religious themes, have much lyrical fervour and artistic skill. Chief among the former may be named, " John Milton," " Niagara Falls," and "Voices of the Past." It is interesting to note that his first literary effort of importance was an essay, written in 1858, against the use of tobacco. This won a valuable prize over a large number of com- petitors. In the numerous field his contri- butions have been frequent, and they have always borne the stamp of strong intellec- tual individuality. In recognition of his high attainments, Victoria College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Dewart, says an authority already quoted from, is a man of great force of character, and of marked natural ability. He is, in the true sense of the term, a self-made man, and his success is largely attributable to his indomitable perseverance and unwearied ap- plication. He has always been a diligent and laborious student, and. a close observer of human nature. In connection with the movement for the consolidation of Canadian Methodism, he took a leading part in advo- cating lay delegation and union principles ; and at the London conference, in 1873, when a plan of union had been agreed upon by the Wesleyan, Eastern British American, and New Connexion conferences, he, in con- junction with Dr. Nelles, was appointed a delegate to the British conference, to repre- sent the relations arising out of the proposed union, and to arrange the terms of settle- ment with the parent body. He was also a member of the Methodist Ecumenical con- ference, which met in London, England, in 1881. At the recent Methodist union, he did not approve of some points in the basis of union; but always sustained the prin- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 209 ciple of union. He has been a strong advo- cate of a system of united university edu- cation for the Province of Ontario. As a member of church courts and conference committees, he displays sagacity and de- cision of character. As a preacher, he is earnest, practical, and at times eloquent ; his sermons are calculated to quicken the intellect as well as the spirit. He is a man of strong convictions, tenacious of his opin- ions, and fearless and outspoken in express- ing and maintaining them. He is also a man of broad views, of progressive principles, and of advanced ideas upon all subjects, whether civil or ecclesiastical. He is a staunch advocate of the prohibition of the liquor traffic. Lafontaine, SirL. II., was descended from Antoine Menard Lafontaine, who was a member of Parliament for Lower Canada from 1796 to 1804. The subject of this sketch was born at Boucherville, Canada East, in 1807, and was the third son of A. M. Lafontaine. He received a sound edu- cation, and then entered upon the study of the law. He was a diligent student, and laid by during his study-time a vast fund of useful theory. Fortune waited upon him early in his career at the bar ; and as soon as he had become "rich enough" he pre- pared himself for public life. " At first," says a writer of the Washington Sketches, " he was a follower, then a rival of Papineau. The latter was with the Parti Prbtre; the former led that of La jeune France, and the priests shook their heads at his orthodoxy ; in fact spoke of him as little better than an infidel. But circumstances alter cases. Both fled in 1837 from warrants for high treason. M. Lafontaine reached England, where, not feeling himself safe, by the assistance of Edward Ellice, who had the greatest single property in Canada, he escaped across the channel to France. More fortunate than M. Papineau, he was very soon en- abled to return, there in reality being no evidence against him. His fate had been like that of Defoe : he had written an ironical letter to A. M. Girouard, on the ab- surdity of rebellion, which was taken liter- ally. M. Lafontaine now found himself in a position to lead, and he forthwith set himself to conciliate his old opponents, the priests. Whether from conviction or from policy, he went regularly to mass, and his moral conduct being irreproachable, it is to be presumed that he was sincere, though the coincidence of interest and devotion is striking. When M. Papineau came back, he found his chair occupied, and forth- with M. Papineau took the extreme party, La jeune France, with but a small following. He advocated annexation, abo- lition of tithes, and of seignoral rights, while M. Lafontaine stuck to responsible government, and as nearly as possible to the status quo. In 1834, M. Lafontaine, who, after the death of Lord Sydenham, had worked himself into place as the head of the French party, quarrelled with Lord Metcalfe. The issue was taken on a general election. The Tory party was then in the ascendancy in Upper Canada, and, united with the moderates, out of forty-two repre- sentatives, returned all but nine, and of these three were doubful. M. Lafontaine brought up his wing of the brigade gallantly ; but it was no use ; the centre and the other wing were routed. He was doomed for three years to the ' cold shades of opposition,' in which he showed great constancy and in- dustry. In March, 1848, the Tory party fell to pieces, and went t > an election in sheer desperation. Their opponents in Upper Canada gaining twenty seats, saved all the French counties, and gained Mont- real and three English or mixed counties, giving them a majority of two-thirds of the house. M. Lafontaine then resumed his old place. M. Lafontaine, in style of thought, was like all the French who form their ideas from books, theoretical and dog- matical. He was not an eloquent speaker, his utterance being thick and guttural, and his English, though good in structure, was bad in pronunciation. In fact he rarely tried the latter. But he was a close and compact logician, and never lost his temper. M. La- fontaine remained in office, until October, 1851, when the Hincks-Tache, administra- tion was formed. On the 13th August, 1853, he was elevated to the chief-justice- ship of the Court of Queen's Bench of Lower Canada, and on the 28th August, 1854, was created, for his eminent services, a baron of the United Kingdom. He mar- ried twice, first in 1831, Adele, only daugh- ter of A. Berthelot, Esquire, an advocate of some standing in Lower Canada ; and secondly in 1860, a widowed lady of Mon- treal." He died on the 26th February, 1864. McMillan, John, Aiderman, Toronto, has been for more than twenty years an active worker in the temperance cause, and to-day he enjoys the fullest confidence and respect of the great army of temperance men. He was born at Bushmills, County Antrim, Ireland, Dec. 21st, 1840. When 210 A CYCLOPEDIA OF he was four years of age, his parents emi- grated to Canada, and young John grew to manhood in the old City of Quebec, where he was educated at the Protestant Commis- sioners' School. His parents, of the old Covenanting stock, hoped to see him a min- ister of the Presbyterian church, but the youth did not fall in with this plan, and at an early age he struck out to fight his own way in the battle of life. He has been a teetotaler from his boyhood. In 1860 we find him prominent in a Good Templar Lodge at Smith's Falls, Ont., and later on an active member of Neptune Division, Sons of Temperance, in the City of New York. In New York he lived for six years, making his mark as a temperance worker, labouring with the foremost workers of the cause, and the chairman of a committee that held regularly a series of public temperance meetings in the Botanic Hall, in the Coop- er Institute, and on the dock at the foot of Market slip. Here his association with the pioneers of the prohibition movement grounded him in the firm principle to which he still adheres. Here, too, another im- portant influence was brought to bear upon his character and career. At twenty-two years of age he was married to Elizabeth Armstrong, of New York, a lady who, though then only sixteen years of age, was like himself, an earnest worker in the tem- perance cause, her interest in which she still retains. In New York he became an officer in the Grand Division of Sons of Temper- ance, and when, later on, he made the City of Toronto his home, he transferred his al- legiance to the order here, and rose rapidly in the favour of his brethren. He was made Grand Worthy Associate, and in 1882 his services were recognized by his being elect- ed Grand Worthy Patriarch for Ontario, a position which he held for two years, dur- ing which time the order nearly doubled its membership. For his services he re- ceived the warmest thanks of the Grand Division at its session at Kingston in .1884, He has also been for many years an officer of the Dominion Alliance ; he was secretary of the association that conducted the suc- cessful campaign against grocers' licences in Toronto two years ago ; he was a prominent figure in the York county and Toronto Dun- kin Act contests ; and he was for a number of years a member of the board of directors of the Toronto Temperance Reformation Society. He is a member of Erskine Pres- byterian church, and in politics a Reformer. A successful business man in the wholesale fruit and oyster trade, and an active poli- tician, Mr. McMillan has the esteem and confidence of a great number of our best, citzens, in proof of which they elected him as aiderman for St. James' ward. As yet, Mr- McMillan is comparatively a young man, and we trust, has a long useful future before him. We wish him all that exten- sive recognition and success that public men of his merits ought to have. He has a family of three children-two sons and a daughter. Simpson, William, Toronto, was born in the village of Huntley, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in the year 1847. His parents were Alexander and Isabella, nee Staples. Mr. Simpson was an overseer of farms in the district about Huntley, and was so em- ployed for forty-one years. He then retired; and died in 1884, leaving a family of five, three boys and two girls. The subject of this sketch is the fifth of the family. William Simpson received what is regarded as a good English education. When his studies were completed, his father apprenticed him to the trade of carpenter and builder, in the village of Huntley, under George Gray. In 1864, when master of his trade, William left Huntley and went to the City of Aber- deen, where he remained for over two years. In 1866 he moved to London, and worked there at his trade for four years. Then he got tired of the routine in the old country, and, packing up his effects, went on board, a ship bound for Canada. He landed in Toronto, and plied his trade in that city till 1880, when he purchased the buildings and machinery on 312 and 314 Queen street west, and embarked in the manufacture of sashes, doors, blinds, and other descriptions of kindred woodwork. Here he has con- tinued ever since, and he is now the head of a prosperous, well established and popu- lar business. Mr. Simpson is a Mason, and belongs to St. George's Lodge ; to the Occi- dent Chapter, and to the Royal and Orien- tal Rite. He is also a member of the A. O. of United Workmen. He is a highly respect- ed member of the Presbyterian church ; and his politics are those of the reform and pro- gressive school. He married, in 1872, Mar- garet McGuire, daughter of the late James McGuire, of the County of Fermanagh, Ire- land. This gentleman was in his day one of the most prominent barristers in the court. He died in 1843, aud his daughter (Mrs. Simpson), came to Canada in 1868. The number of children by this union is seven, two boys and five girls. We may add that Mr. Simpson has accumulated a great deal of property since he began busi- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 211 ness in Canada ; and in every respect he must be regarded as one of Canada's staunch representative men. Ross, Lt.-Col. Thomas, Accountant of Contingencies, Finance Department, Ot- tawa, was born at Montreal on the 8th July, 1821. His father was David Ross, Q.C., and his grandfathers were both officers in High- land regiments. His paternal grandfather was in the Montgomery Highlanders, and he settled in Quebec in the year 1760. Captain Fraser, his maternal grandfather was a cap- tain in the Fraser Highlanders, 78th Foot, and was present at the taking of Quebec in 1759. This officer became seigneur of St. Gilles de Beaurivage by purchase. Our sub- ject's father was a very able lawyer, and a worthy man, and his mother was a woman of superior culture. Her acts of charity live after her. She was the principal founder of the Montreal Protestant Orphan Asylum, and was one of its office bearers for half a century. Our subject was educated in Mon- treal, by the Rev. Dr. Black and the Rev. James Ramsey. The school kept by Dr. Black was opened in 1829. The family con- sisted of five sons and four daughters. The majority have passed away, having been use- ful in many ways in their generation. On leaving school his inclinations were for a military life, but the fulfilment of his desire was impracticable. However, he was bent on having as much military life as possible, and immediately on leaving school, in 1838 he joined the Montreal Rifles as a private. Here he remained until the corps was dis- banded in May, 1839. The rebellion in Lower Canada was the cause of the embodiment of this corps. In November, 1839, he received at the hands of the late Sir Dominic Daly, a clerkship in the provincial secretary's office, Lower Canada. The office was in Montreal at that date, but he became a permanent officer of the department on the union of Upper and Lower Canada, in 1841. He removed to Kingston in May, 1841, and remained there until May, 1844, when the seat of government was removed to Mon- treal, and there he lived until autumn of 1849, when, on the alternate system, the government was removed to Toronto. He abode in Toronto and Quebec, alternately, until November, 1865, when the govern- ment was taken permanently to Ottawa. His promotion to the different grades in the office took place in 1842 and 1858, when he became chief clerk in the secretary's office. In 1870 he was transferred to the finance department, when that department was under the control of Sir John Rose, bart., K. C. M. G. Under his auspices Mr. Ross carried out the formation of the station- ery office, which has proved a great success in a financial point of view. His service has now extended over a period of forty- six years. With the exception of G. Wick- steed, law clerk of the House of Commons, he is now the only clerk in the civil service who went to Kingston in 1841, from Lower Canada. Mr. Ross's military career has been as follows :-Private and corporal of A Company, Montreal Rifles, 1838 and 1839 ; lieutenant and acting adjutant general, Montreal Garrison Artillery, 1844 ; unat- tached captain and major, 1846 and 1850 ; captain Quebec Garrison Artillery, A Bat- tery, Active Militia, 1865 ; captain B Bat- tery, Ottawa Garrison Artillery, 1865. In June, 1872, he raised the Governor-Gen- eral's Foot Guards, of which regiment he is commanding officer, with the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel. In 1885 he commanded the Wimbledon team. Lt.-Col. Ross became a Freemason in 1843. He was grand pursuiv- ant in the Provincial Grand Lodge of Mon- treal and William Henry, and afterwards at Quebec. He was grand secretary for the Provincial Grand Lodge, Quebec and Three Rivers. He ceased his connection with Free- masonry on the severance of the union be- tween England and Canada. Lt.-Col. Ross visited Europe twice, and England on sev- eral occasions. From youth up he has been an Episcopalian. His first wife was Maria Sarah Macaulay, daughter of George Mac- aulay, son of the Inspector General of Hos- pitals Macaulay, who settled in Toronto after the war of 1812, and by this union there was one daughter, who is married to Dr. J. A. Clayton, a Cornish gentleman, now in the finance department. He was again married in 1863, to Ellen E. Creighton, eldest daughter of the late Captain Creigh- ton, a retired officer, who had held commis- sions in the 81st and 70th regiments of Foot. In politics Colonel Ross is, and always has been, a Conservative. He is of a kindly heart, and has genial winning manners. Campbell, Rev. Tlios, Metcalfe, a minister of the Methodist Church, and now stationed at Goderich, is the eldest son of the late John and Margaret Camp- bell, of Dundas. He was born November 9th, 1839, in the township of Hawksbury, on the west side of the Ottawa river, midway between Ottawa and Montreal, and brought up in the town of Dundas, which was the home of his family for eighteen years. He belongs to a branch of the house of Argyll, which have with care and pride preserved 212 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF their record of descent from the first duke of that name, who took a prominent part in the rebellion which placed William of Orange and Mary on the throne. Rev. Mr. Campbell received his early education in the town where he was brought up, and also took a thorough course of training in the Mercan- tile College of Buffalo, intending to follow commercial life. But his course was ordered otherwise. At about twenty years of age, in connection with the death of his father, a conviction of duty which had followed him from childhood became deeply intensified, and he promptly sacrificed excellent business engagements and prospects, and entered upon a course of study for the ministry, at Victoria College. He was received as a pro- bationer in 1866, and duly ordained to the ministry in June, 1870, by the late Dr. Punshon, in the old Adelaide street Metho- dist church, Toronto. His appointments since his ordination have been Dunnville, Ridgeway, Merritton, Windsor, Sarnia and Goderich, in all of which places he has left substantial results of his energy and ability, in largely increased congregations and mem- bership, and improved church property. As a preacher, Rev. Mr. Campbell is clear, logical and fluent, with a strong, command- ing voice, and a manner graceful, yet im- passioned. His sermons abound in illus- trations drawn from observation, history and science, and to these things, as well as to an .intense earnestness, the popularity and results of his preaching may be traced. His written and published lectures are pre- pared with great care, and have been re- ceived with much favour, especially that on ' ' The Dispensations," delivered before the Guelph conference, held in Owen Sound in June, 1885. Rev. Mr. Campbell is a strong temperance worker, and an ardent and im- passioned advocate of total abstinence and prohibition. During the last few years he has also taken an active part in the councils of the church to which he belongs. He was a member of the General Conference of the Methodist Church of Canada in 1882, and also a member of the delegated body which framed the discipline of the now united Methodist Church. At the conference of 1885, he was elected to the office of district superintendent, a position for which his administrative ability and inspiring energy eminently fit him. He was married, on June 22nd, 1870, to Martha, youngest daughter of Thomas Williams, Esq., St. Thomas, a graceful and gifted lady whose eminent piety and abundant labour in the church have borne much fruit for Christ. Six children, three boys and three girls, bless their parsonage home. DesJardins, T. C. Alphonse, Mont- real, M. P. for Hochelaga, Quebec, was born at Terrebonne, Quebec, on the 6th of May, 1841. The family settled in Canada, before the cession of the province to Great Britain. The father of our distinguished subject, was deputy sheriff of the district of Terrebonne for a number of years. Young Desjardins was at first instructed in Mas- son college, and when his course ended here, he entered the Seminary of Nicolet. After leaving the last named institution master Desjardins began to consider what profession he should adopt, and he had little difficulty in making choice of the law. So he entered the office of Wilfred Provost; but subsequently, he went into the office of Fabre, Lesage & Jette, of Montreal. In 1862 he was called to the bar, and began the practice of his profession. He continued in practice till 1867 ; and then journalistic literature won him to itself. He became one of the associate editors of L'Ordre, and his pen was remarkable al- ways for brilliancy and edge, and some- times for pungency. For four years he remained with L'Ordre, then he became editor of Le Nouveau Monde, which posi- tion he held from 1872 to 1879. This paper, like its dashing editor, was Liberal- Conservative, and it had an independent ring about every sentence that it uttered. When it began its career of educating the people, conservatism was in a sorry plight in many parts of the province ; and it is due to M. Desjardins to say, that his pen was largely instrumental in infusing courage and life and ambition into his political confreres. M. Desjardins was first elected to parlia- ment by acclamation, at the general elec- tion of 1874 ; he was re-elected at the gene- ral election of 1878 ; and by acclamation again at the last general election. He is a very powerful, comprehensive and convinc- ing speaker ; and he always commands the attention of the House. He has delivered effective speeches favouring the construc- tion of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and in urging an amnesty to Riel after the re- bellion of 1860-61. He is an advocate of separate schools, and warmly sympathised and co-operated with Mr. Costigan in his exertions to have an obnoxious school law passed in the New Brunswick legislature re- pealed. On the 17th May, 1864, he married Virginie, eldest daughter of Hubert Pare. She died in 1874, leaving four children. He has since married Hortense, youngest CA NA DIAN BIO GRA PH Y. 213 daughter of Joseph Barsalou, of Montreal. We quote from the " Parliamentary Com- panion : "-" M. Desjardins retired from journalism in September, 1879. He is presi- dent of the Jacques Cartier Bank. He was created a knight of the order of Pius IX. 30th July, 1872, after his return from a visit to Rome, where he had the honour of being admitted to an audience with His Holiness. Ha took an active part in the organization of the Canadian Papal Zouave contingent, which went to the assistance of the Holy Father in 1868. He was one of the authors of the Programme Catholique, first published in April, 1871, which was prepared for the purpose of being offered to the Conservative party, as a basis on which the several opposing sections of that party might agree." In 1882 M. Desjardins was elected president of Le Credit Fonder du Bas Canada, and in 1883 became director of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation com- pany. In last July he was elected vice- president of the Montreal and Western Railway Company, a line to be built from St. Jerome, terminus of a branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the Desert, where it will cross the Gatineau Valley Railroad, and thence run westerly through the Ottawa valley region. M. Desjardins has taken an active interest in the develop- ment of the commercial relations between Canada, France and Central Europe. He was chairman of a committee of business men selected to study and promote such a policy, and open new markets to the indus- tries and unknown resources of Canada. Grant, John M., Woodstock, Ontario, Mayor of Woodstock, was born at Elgin, Scotland, on the 2nd of October, 1849. He is a son of Thomas Grant, who, with his wife and family emigrated to Canada in 1854. On arriving in this country, the family made their way to Woodstock, On- tario, and here took up their abode. Our subject being only five years old at the date of emigration, his education fell into the hands of the Woodstock masters. He at first attended the primary schools, but afterwards entered the high school. We have heard that he was a diligent and care- ful student, and turned his time to the best account. Shortly after leaving school, he entered his father's tannery, and subse- quently he joined himself with his brother. The business of the firm very soon began to expand and establish important connec- tions for itself all over the country ; and it is now one of the best equipped, and most expensive tanneries in the Dominion. But our subject has not always confined his abilities to his private business, for he has taken a deep interest in political questions, and is ever ready to go upon any platform to express his views, and help along what he believed to be a deserv- ing cause. He is quick, energetic, effective, and sincere, and saying this we know of no higher compliments that could be paid to a public man. He has always professed the doctrines of the Reformers, and he is one of the leaders of the party in his county. Mr. Grant has occupied all the positions in the gift of the people of Wood- stock. He has represented them for a number of years in the county council; was reeve for the years 1881, 1882 and 1883, during which time he was a leading mem- ber of that body. During the year 1884-5 he filled the position of mayor to the fullest satisfaction of the people. He has always been aggressive and progressive in his advocacy of public questions ; and has done a great deal to bring Woodstock in- to prominence and position. He has al- ways been elected by handsome majorities ; and the longer he is before the people, the higher seems to become the public apprecia- tion of his qualities. The well-being of his adopted town seems to be his greatest pub- lic care ; and the townsfolk, it seems, are neither blind to this fact, nor unmindful of it. In 1875 he married Isabella Watson, eldest daughter of Alexander Watson. The fruit of this union is one child. Ashley, Harford Thurlow, Belle- ville, was born on June 14, 1840, in the home in which he at present resides, fifth concession of Thurlow, County of Hastings. His father was Simcoe Ashley, of Massa- chusetts, and his mother, Mary, nee Nash, of New York. His father settled in Canada in 1803. Young Ashley, the subject of this memoir, received a common school educa- tion, and completed his studies in a select school in New York state. He also attend- ed Albert College, Belleville, and the Com- mercial College at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He was auditor of the township of Thur- low for 1869 and 1870. He was elected deputy-reeve of the same township for 1871, 1872 and 1873. He was elected reeve in 1874, and continued in such office up to date (1885.) Elected warden of the County of Hastings, 1880 ; he was chairman of the Gravel Roads Committee for the said county for 1879 and 1885. He became the choice of the Reform Convention of East Hastings for their candidate in the House of Commons, in 1882, but was defeated by 214 A CYCLOPEDIA OF John White, the sitting member, by about fifty votes. Mr. Ashley has been largely instrumental in the rebuilding of the village of Foxboro, which under the impetus given it by him, has risen from a dilapidated country village, to the most thriving village in the township. Among other improve- ments was the laying out of a cemetery, and building a vault for the same by Mr. Ash- ley, which is known as Ashley Cemetery. He erected, in 1871, on the farm on which he was born, and near the village, a cheese factory known as " Ashley's." This factory has been of immense service to the local community. He sometime afterward pur- chased the Thurlow cheese factory, which had been, heretofore, unsuccessful in its management, and which was burned on 4th July, 1878. On this site Mr. Ashley erect- ed a new factory, which was in successful operation inside three weeks from the date of the fire. Both these undertakings, under the energetic management of Mr. Ashley, have been very successful, and remain so to-day. In 1874, our subject purchased the carriage works at Ross Corners, former- ly owned by W. H. Vermilyea, and which had been closed. Here he worked up a successful trade. In 1878, he built a hand- some block of two stores and a bank, known as the Ashley block, the latter occupied by the Belleville branch of the Bank of Com- merce, situated on the east side of Front street, in the very heart of the business centre of the City of Belleville. This block is three stories high, and one of the best structures in the city. In 1882, Mr. Ashley purchased the premises of the Wallbridge Foundry in the said city. The premises had been idle for some time, and were at the time of purchase in a very dilapidated condition. After obtaining possession, he put them in thorough repair, and removed his carriage business thither, from Ross Corners. He then organized a company known as the Ashley Carriage Company, with a capital of $60,000, of which $36,000 was subscribed on the 1st of April, 1885, and this company now employs about thirty hands, and are turning out buggies, phae- tons, tubular axle lumber waggons, and cheese machinery. The wrought iron tu- bular axle, of which this company owns the patent, bids fair to revolutionize the solid iron and wood axle in use at present. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He married on the 15th of September, 1874, Sabra Maud Vandewater, daughter of Henry Vandewater, of the township of Sid- ney, by whom he has had three children, two of whom are living, both being girls. When the City of Belleville was approached by the speculators who were " booming " the smelting works and still enterprises, Mr. Ashley was one of the parties selected by the citizens to enquire into the bona fides of the promoters. The result was that the people of Belleville escaped what might have been a very undesirable acquisition. Tisdale, David, Q.C., Lieut.-Colonel, Simcoe, Ontario, was born in the township of Charlotteville, Norfolk, Ontario, on the 8th September, 1835. His parents were Ephraim and Hannah, his mother's maiden name being Price. Her father, James Price, was a U. E. loyalist who came to Canada shortly after the declaration of in- dependence, and settled in the township of Walsingham, and left numerous descend- ants. The grandfather of our subject, Ephraim Tisdale, lived at Freetown in 1775, and was obliged to leave because of his loyal sentiments. He was also obliged, later on, to abandon his ship, to avoid cap- ture, and like many another, true to the old flag, he lost everything that he possessed. Then he settled in New Brunswick, but after a time removed to Upper Canada. He left eight sons and four daughters, and all his children, except Walker, came to Upper Canada with him. His father, Ephraim Tis- dale, served in the war of 1812, and took part in the battles of Queenston Heights and Lundy's Lane, and died February 12, 1883, at Charlotteville, in the County Norfolk. His father served in a troop of horse in the rebellion of 1837, and was over twenty-seven years in service. The rebels one night sur- rounded his house, and except for his absence with his troop, he would undoubtedly have been killed. He had his forage cap taken off by a cannon ball at the battle of Navy Island. He was born in 1801, and took a very active part in politics in his early days. Y oung Tisdale received his early education at Simcoe Grammar School, and studied law in the office of G. R. Van Nor- man, at Simcoe, from 1852 to 1854, and then went into the office of Read, Leith & Read, Toronto, where he completed his term in February, 1857. He joined a company of volunteers at Simcoe as a private at the time of the Trent difficulty, and he was made captain of the company. He was gazetted lieutenant-colonel of the 39th Norfolk Rifles in December, 1868 ; and was thanked in gen- eral orders for dispersing, on the requisition of the civil authorities, with part of his regi- ment, a prize fight near Port Dover, Lake Erie, in the spring of 1872. He was one of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 215 the delegates who formed the Dominion Rifle Association, but declined to serve on the council on account of pressure of busi- ness. Mr. Tisdale was appointed deputy registrar and master-in-chancery at Simcoe ; and was likewise chosen reeve and councillor for the town of Simcoe for several years, and also member of the county council for the County of Norfolk. In, 1876 he took an active part in a railway enterprise, the object of which was to construct a railway from Port Dover, Lake Erie, to Georgian Bay, at Wiarton, and after much manipulation, time and labour, saw his scheme carried out. Mr. Tisdale is a moderate Conservative, and he has, from early years, taken an active part in politics, and he thoroughly believes that the Conservative party is the party of progress and of true reform. In 1874 he opposed John Charlton in North Norfolk, but was defeated. Lieut.-Colonel Tisdale is a man of wide experience, and he has travelled through the United States, and visited various parts of the South during the war. On his arrival in Simcoe, after completing his studies, Mr. Tisdale formed a law part- nership with R. T. Livingstone, under the name of Tisdale & Livingstone ; and in 1872 James Robb, of Hamilton, was admitted to the partnership, and the name changed to Tisdale, Livingstone & Robb. In 1884, on Mr. Livingstone having been appointed County Judge of Norfolk,he retired from the business, and the firm's name was changed to Tisdale & Robb. Mr. Tisdale was made a Queen's Counsel in 1872. Up to this time he had closely attended to business, and enjoyed a large practice, and had refused several offers to join firms in Toronto. Mr. Tisdale has been interested in several rail- way contracts ; and is now largely interested in lumbering. He is president of the J. E. Potts Salt and Lumber Co., who are pro- prietors of large steam mills in Michigan and Wisconsin. The annual out-put of this company, from the various mills, amount to about 70,000,000 feet of timber. We may say that Mr. Tisdale bought out, last year, the interest the Federal Bank had in this enterprise. Our subject is very fond of shooting and fishing, and took an active part in organizing and perfecting the Long Point Shooting Club on Lake Erie. This club now owns and has the finest wild fowl and wild deer preserve in the world. He is a mem- ber of no church, but is an adherent of the Episcopal communion, of which his wife and daughters are members. He believes that Christianity is too broad to be embraced within the particular tenets of any church, and that salvation is quite within the reach of all the children of our heavenly Father, if they do what is right and proper. He married October 16, 1858, Sarah Araminta Walker, by whom he has two daughters and two sons. His eldest son is now studying law; and his youngest son, having com- pleted his education, is engaged in cattle ranching. Lieut.-Colonel Tisdale is an ac- tive man, and a fit subject for our Cana- dian young men to follow. Johnston, Rev. Hugh, M.A., B.D., Toronto, was born in the township of South wold, Ontario, on January 5 th, 1840. He is a son of John Johnston, a yeoman of Scotch extraction, and Mary Ann, nee Teet- zel, whose grandfather was a German. Mr. Johnston received in his youth an ordinary education, but being of an ambitious and sturdy temperament, he resolved to carve out a prominent place for himself in the world. As a first step towards this end he proceeded to Toronto, where he attended the Normal School, from which he carried away a first-class teacher's certifi- cate. Obtaining his license to teach, he was fortunate enough to immediately obtain charge of the High School at Arkona, in the County of Lambton. Here he taught for a year with marked success, but had yet attain- ed only his eighteenth year. He then became a candidate for the ministry in the Methodist church ; and to the end of ordination, en- tered Victoria college at Cobourg, where he took a full course in arts. He graduated in 1864 as medallist and valedictorian of his class. In the following year Mr. Johnston was ordained, and appointed to Toronto. In 1866 he proceeded to Montreal as an assist- ant to Rev Dr. Douglas in the Montreal West charge. In the following year, he went to Windsor, Ontario, where he had the pastor- ate of a church for three years. When his term here expired, he was invited again to Toronto, and whilst in that city he made a study of Hebrew, having as his preceptor,Dr. Herschfelder. In 1874 his alma mater con- ferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. His next appointment was to the Centenary Church, at Hamilton, this charge being the largest in the jurisdiction of the London conference. After his term of three years here had elapsed, he was invited to the pastorate of the Wesley church in the same city. Under his superintendency while he retained this incumbency, it was erected into a larger and very beautiful church. In 1878 an urgent request was sent from the quarterly official board of the St. James Street church, Montreal, asking for 216 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF his transference to the Montreal conference. This request was complied with, and under his pastorship the church throve in strength and numbers. In 1882 Rev. Mr. Johnston was transferred from Montreal to the Metro- politan church, Toronto. After completing his term here, he was called to the Carlton St. church, the pastorship of which he holds at the time of writing. Rev. Mr. Johnston is a very able and successful preacher, and there is an air of scholarship in all his utter- ances. He is a man of a broad, generous heart, and a cheerful temperament. We may add, likewise, that he wields a very able, and a very graceful pen. He has for many years been a contributor to the religious periodicals of his denomination ; but he has, likewise, been a force on occasion, in the secular press. He was correspondent on the expe- pedition which went through British Colum- bia to the Pacific coast. "His letters," says a competent authority, " were fresh, racy, and popular, being copied not only into Canadian but into United States and Eng- lish newspapers." In 1876, Rev. Mr. John- ston married Eliza, daughter of Aiderman Richard Holland, of Montreal. The fruits of this union are a family of seven sons and one daughter. The well-known and very able book, with the apt and poetical title, " To- ward the Sunrise," is also from the pen of Rev. Mr. Johnston. This work, we learn, has already reached the third edition. It may be interesting to know that our subject was an intimate, personal friend of Rev. Dr. Punshon. He was with him in Italy, in his ex- treme illness, and accompanied the great di- vine to London. It was his pen which fur- nished to the Christian World the details of the closing hours. Mr Johnston is only now in the prime of his manhood, and a long career of usefulness and brilliancy yet is, we hope, allotted to him. Hobbs, William, Milton, was born in the town of Dundas, County Wentworth, Ontario, on the 14th of November, 1848. His parents were William Hobbs and Sarah Anne Philip. Mr. Hobbs came from Buck- inghamshire, England, in 1843, and settled in Toronto as a miller, where he remained about one year, after which he removed to Dundas, where he was engaged in the milling business until his death. William Hobbs received a common school education, and after leaving school, began to learn the dry goods business, continuing at this employ- ment until 1863. He now undertook to master the milling business, in the employ of E. & G. Egleston, at Ancaster village, and here he remained for two years, and then went to Dundas, and entered the employ of James Coleman, of that town. Mr. Hobbs remained in Dundas for five years, and in 1870 left for Hamilton. In 1877 he arrived in the town of Milton, and en- tered into partnership with J. D. Cum- mings. This partnership lasted for three years, when Mr. Hobbs and Mr. Cum- mings dissolved the partnership. Our sub- ject now associated himself with Peter Campbell, of Milton, in milling, but this partnership was dissolved in 1882. Mr. Hobbs started for himself once again, and is now possessed of one of the best flouring mills in Canada. In 1884, he was elected councilman for the town of Milton. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd- fellows, and has held the office of sec- retary. He has travelled through Canada and the United States. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and in politics a supporter of the Reform party. He was married in 1874, to Jessie Murdoch, daughter of George Murdoch, of Strathroy, and by this lady has had two children. Mr. Hobbs is one of those persons who has a hearty, kindly word and good wish for one and all ; therefore, he is a business favourite, as well as the possessor of many warm friends in the social circle. Holden, Thomas, Belleville, Ontario, was born in the County of Oneida, New York, U. S., in the year 1840. His parents, soon after his birth, turned their faces toward Belleville, and settled in Shannon- ville, a small village nine miles distant from Belleville. Here the subject of our sketch spent his early years and pursued his first studies. While still young, he went to Cobourg to attend the classes of Victoria College, where he graduated in 1860. He was an industrious and brilliant stu- dent, and gave much promise in those days of that energy of character and capa- city of intellect which were in his after life to come to such excellent use. Hav- ing finished his studies, he began the study of law in the office of William Kerr, Cobourg, and subsequently with the pre- sent Chief Justice Cameron. When his term of study was ended, he was called to the bar (1863), and began the practice of his profession. In the following year he be- came a member of the firm of Ross, Bell & Holden, of Belleville. In 1870 the Hon- ourable John Ross retired, and the follow- ing year the firm was re-constructed and known as Bell, Holden & Bell ; but in 1872, Mr. Holden retired. In 1866 Mr. Holden was pressed to enter civic politics, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 217 and consenting, was chosen as the repre- sentative for Baldwin ward. For four years he continued to hold this office, and always, so far as the limited field in which his work afforded room, displayed his bril- liancy and natural ability. During the years 1869 and 1870 he accepted the position of chairman of the finance committee. In 1871 he contested the mayoralty, and was successful, defeating Alexander Robert- son. In 1872 he was not a candidate ; but in 1873 he again offered, and was again elected, defeating J. J. B. Flint by sixty votes. In 1877 he entered municipal politics as aiderman for Ketcheson ward, and re- mained in the council till 1880. But in the last named year he was appointed acting magistrate, and held that office, to the highest satisfaction of the public, till his death, which occurred on the 28th of June, 1884. The lamented deceased had been a member of the Methodist church from boy- hood, and was an honoured member of that communion at the time of his death. He left a wife and seven children. He was a candidate for East Hastings in the House of Commons in 1872, but was defeated by John White. In 1879 he was a candidate for the legislature of Ontario, but was de- feated by Alexander Robertson, whom, as we have seen, he had himself defeated for the mayoralty of Belleville. In politics deceased was a consistent and thorough Re- former. He was an able advocate, and stood in the front rank of the provincial bar. Rorke, Joseph, Clarksburg, was born in the township of Tecumseh (near Beaton), County of Simcoe, Ontario, April 26th, 1832. His father, Richard Rorke, a native of the City of Waterford, Ireland, emigrated to Canada, in 1829, when a youth of fifteen years of age, in company with four or five elder brothers, who, after undergoing the hardships and perils of the sea voyage, and shipwreck off the Isle of Anticosti, losing all but their lives, made his way to Little York, now Toronto, when he shortly after located the farm upon which the subject of our sketch first saw the light. In 1831 he married Mary, eldest daughter of Thomas Hurst, a native of Roscommon, Ireland, who also emi- grated with his family to Canada, in 1820, and located in the same township. She died in 1880, aged seventy, leaving eleven children surviving out of a family of four- teen. Our subject received his education at the public school, in the neighbour- hood of his birthplace. The troubles of 1837-38, made a lasting impression on his mind, creating a spirit of loyalty to Queen and country, and a stern opposition to all attempts to weaken British influence, and the connexion with the mother country. When young he was very fond of literature and adventure, and desirous for a military and active life. He left school at the age of fourteen, and spent a short time as clerk in a country store. In 1848 he removed with his parents to the township of Colling- wood, in the County of Grey, and located lands adjoining the present village of Heathcote, where his father still resides. This being a period when railways were un- known in Ontario, the pioneer settlers of Grey were obliged to contend with many difficulties and undergo great hardships, Holland Landing being the nearest base for supplies, and Toronto the nearest reliable market. His mind matured rapidly under the hard experience of the next five years, and he soon began to take an active part in the political struggles of the country. He remained on the farm with his father until the close of 1858 ; and taught school in Thornbury, during 1859 and 1860. He spent the next four years in the employ of the Messrs. Marsh, general merchants, Clarksburg, as accountant. In 1867 he married Susan, daughter of the late John Donaldson, of Mount Norris, County Ar- magh, Ireland, who emigrated to Canada in 1846. After his marriage, he settled per- manently in Clarksburg, and opened an office as notary public, conveyancer, land loan and general agent, which he still car- ries on. His wife died in 1883, leaving two sons and three daughters living, a son and daughter having died before her. He re- ceived his first commission as captain in the 4th battalion Grey Militia, taking rank and precedence from the 4th of February, 1858, from Sir Edmund Head ; and his second commission as captain in No. 4 company, division Reserve Militia of the regimental division of North Grey, taking rank and precedence from 2nd of April, 1869, from Sir John Young. In 1868 he was gazetted lieutenant in No. 7 company, 31st Grey Volunteer Infantry battalion. In 1869 he attended the School of Military Instruction, Toronto, and obtained a second class certi- ficate, bearing date, November 24th, 1869. He received a captain's commission in the 31st Grey Volunteer Infantry battalion, taking rank and precedence from February 28th, 1870. At the time of the Trent af- fair, he assisted in raising a flank company in his regimental division, in which he was appointed ensign, the lieutenant-colonel and 218 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF major accepting the captaincy and lieuten- ancy therein, but fortunately their services were not required. In the late Riel rebel- lion (1885), he with other officers of the 31st tendered their services to the govern- ment. He was appointed a justice of the peace for the County of Grey, January 25th, 1859 ; a commissioner in B. R., May 2nd, 1864 ; and a notary public, April 10th, 1867. These offices he still holds. He was likewise appointed a returning officer for the electoral district of the East Riding of Grey, in the Dominion elections for 1882. He repre- sented the township of Collingwood, in the municipal council as follows : as councillor in 1866 ; as deputy reeve from 1868 to 1871; as reeve from 1873 to 1878 ; and was elec- ted warden for the County of Grey,in 1876. He was one of the principal promoters of the North Grey Railway scheme, and be- came one of the provisional directors. He was also a member of the board of directors of the North Grey and Northern Exten- sion Railway Companies, until these lines were purchased by the Northern Rail- way Company. He also took an active part in the county legislation, in granting municipal aid to the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway, and the Wellington, Grey and Bruce Railway schemes. He became a member of the Orange association in the year 1853, being the first member initiated in the township of Collingwood, and has remained in connection with the order ever since. He filled the master's chair for several years in No. 523 and No. 1396 ; and was elected the first district master of Collingwood district in 1861 ; and was re- elected in 1880 81-82. He was chosen de- puty county master for N.R. Grey in 1882-3; and at present he holds the rank of P. D. M., Collingwood district. He was also regularly received into Freemasonry, in Pythagoras Lodge, No. 137, G. R. C., on the 20th of December, 1861; and is a char- ter member, of Beaver Lodge, No. 234, A. F. & A. M., Clarksburg. He has also been a member of Manitou R. A. C., No. 27, G. R. C., Collingwood, since 1870. A Liberal Conservative in politics, he has been an active member of the party for the last thirty-five years ; and was elected vice- president of the Liberal-Conservative Associ- ation of North Grey in 1874 ; and filled the office of president of the Liberal-Conser- vative Association of East Grey from 1875 to 1878. Mr. Rorke contested the riding of East Grey, with A. W. Lauder, in 1879, for the local legislature, as a resident can- didate in the conservative interest, but was defeated. Our subject is a Presbyterian. All who come in contact with him, either in business or in social life, have invariably found him to be a gentleman in the highest sense; and he is of a kindly, and retiring disposition in private life ; but in public he is always ready to raise his voice in the interest of the people. Mr. Rorke is very much attached to the gun and rod, and takes unbounded interest in all sports. He took an active part in the formation of the Beaver Valley co-operative society, now in active business in Clarksburg, and is one of the directors of the institution. Garrow. James Thompson, Bar- rister, etc., Goderich, was born near Niagara Falls, on the 11th March, 1843. He is the eldest son of Edward and Rebecca Garrow, natives of Scotland, which worthy couple are still living upon their farm, adjoining the town of Seaforth. Our subject completed a common school education at the Gode- rich Grammar School. He was articled as a law student with the present judge of the County Court of the County of Huron, Justice Toms, and he was admitted a solic- itor in May, 1868, and called to the bar in November, 1869. On his admission to the roll of solicitors, he entered into partner- ship with M. C. Cameron, the present M.P. for West Huron, and remained in that firm (Cameron & Garrow) practising at Goderich till July, 1874. He has since continued the practice of his profession there, and has for years enjoyed a large business. He is now senior member of the law firm of Garrow & Proudfoot. In politics Mr. Garrow is a staunch Reformer, and in religion a Pres- byterian, being a member of Knox church, under the Rev. Dr. Ure. Our subject was for seven years reeve of the town of Goderich (1874 to 1880 inclusive). For the last year he was warden of the county council of Huron, and he then retired from municipal duties. So far he has not taken an active part in politics, though he is undoubtedly much interested in public questions. He is a member of Maitland Lodge, No. 112, A. F. & A. M. He married on July 17, 1872, Mary, eldest daughter of the late Rev. Charles Fletcher, of Goderich, and by this union has five children, all of whom are liv- ing. As a lawyer Mr. Garrow stands very high in his profession, for industry, for ability, and for high personal worth. He is a gentleman of much modesty of char- acter, but diffident though he is in appear- ing in the public light as a representative man, here it is the duty of the biographer to put him. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 219 Downey, Thomas, Jr., Toronto, was born in Richmond Hill, County of York, on the 12th of February, 1843. His parents were Thomas and Anna Downey, nee Smith, who married in Ireland, and landed in To- ronto in 1842. Mr. Downey, senr., adopted the business of carpenter and builder, and constructed the public schools situated on Victoria street, John street, and Phcebe street. In 1878 he was elected aiderman for St. John's ward, and re-elected for the years 1873, 1874, 1875, and 1876, when he retired from public life. Mr. Downey was one of the first promoters in the build- ing of the Elm street Methodist church, being a trustee for many years and at the time of his death, which occurred in 1879. His demise was greatly lamented by all the congregation, and by the citizens of Toronto, whom he had served so long and faithfully. One strange incident in the life and death of Mr. Downey may be mentioned. The clock which Mr. Downey bought when com- mencing house-keeping in Toronto, and which was continuously in use, stopped at the very moment of his death, at nine min- utes to twelve o'clock, p.m., March, 1879. This clock is now in the possession of the subject of this sketch. Another curiosity is an Orange certificate, brought to this country, which, in its form and way it was procured, makes it a most curious instru- ment. It bears date 1834. Thomas Downey, jr., received his early education at the pri- vate school of David Storey, who is still living in Toronto. After remaining here for a time, he finished his education at the To- ronto Grammar School, under the late A. B. Howe, who was then its principal. After leaving school, at the age of fourteen, he began to learn the trade of carpenter and builder, in his father's shop. He re- mained so employed for five years, when he went to the United States. There he stayed in different cities until 1869, when he married and returned again to Toronto. He then purchased the lumber business of the late Thomas Briggs, situated on Ed- ward street. He still carries on business as a dealer, builder and contractor, being one of the foremost in that trade in On- tario. He belonged to No. J Company Queen's Own Rifles, and was a corporal at the time when Captain Macdonald re- signed the command, and Colonel Otter was elected to the position of ensign. In 1882 he was elected aiderman for St. John's ward, and re-elected in 1883. He took an active part in the local improvement sys- tem, and the benefits of this system can be seen in the block pavements and other im- provements. He was also chairman of the legislative committee for the city council. He belongs to the Orange order, and has been for twenty-one years a member. He is past master of L. 0. L. No. 396; belongs to the Independent Order of Oddfellows ; is a Freemason ; is a member of the A.O.U- Workmen, and also belongs to the Sons of Canada. He married, at Memphis, Ten- nessee, in 1866, Esther Van Vleck, daughter of the late M. F. Van Vleck, one of the early settlers of Wisconsin, U. S. Mr. Downey has had eight children, of whom seven are still living-five boys and two girls. The eldest son, George E. Downey, assists his father in his business. Like his father, he is a Methodist, and one of the oldest mem- bers of the Elm street Methodist church. Mr. Downey is a staunch Reformer, and is vice-president of St. John's Ward Reform Association, and is popular in social as well as private life. Weldon, Charles Wesley, D.C.L., Q.C., M. P., St. John, N.B., was born at Rich- ibucto, N.B., on February 27th, 1830. He is a son of the Honourable John W. Weldon, for many years a representative for the House of Assembly of New Brunswick; for eight years speaker of the House ; and a judge of the Supreme Court of New Bruns- wick for nearly twenty years. He died on February 10th, 1881, in the eighty-first year of his age. His mother, Frances Chandler Upham, who died in 1844, was the young- est daughter of the Honourable Joshua Upham, a judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick at its first organization. Judge Upham was a loyalist from the State of Massachusetts, and entered the army during the revolutionary war. He became a colonel of dragoons, and was aide-de-camp to Lord Dorchester. He died in London in 1807. The Honourable Charles W. Upham, of Salem, Massachusetts, a well-known writer, was a son of Judge Upham. Judge Upham's first wife was a daughter of Colonel Murray, of Rutland, and his second wife a daughter of Charles Chandler, the grand- father of the Honourable Edward B. Chand- ler, late lieutenant-governor of New Bruns- wick. Our subject was educated at the Grammar School at Richibucto, and at the Windsor Academy. He entered King's Col- lege, Windsor, in 1844, and graduated with honours as optime, or double first, in 1847- He became M.A. in 1851 ; and in 1884 received the honorary degree of D.C.L. He began the study of the law with his father at Richibucto, and was admitted to 220 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the bar in New Brunswick in 1852, and commenced practice in St. John. He was appointed Queen's counsel in 1873. Dr. Weldon is president of the New Brunswick Electric Telegraph Company, a director of the New Brunswick Railroad Company, a director of the Fredericton Railway Com- pany, and also of the Carleton Branch Rail- road Company ; a vice-president of the Eastern Marine Insurance Company, direc- tor of William Parks & Son (limited) cot- ton factory ; was for several years president of the Barristers' Society of New Brunswick, and is a bencher. He is president of the St. John Law Society ; and has been warden of Trinity Church, St. John, since 1875, and has been a delegate to the Diocesan Synod, and also to the Provincial Synod of Canada. He is a member of Carleton Royal Arch Chapter of St. John. In 1873, at a citizens' meeting, he was nominated a candidate for mayor, but was defeated. In 1865 and 1866 he took an active part in opposition to the scheme of confederation ; and in 1878 was nominated, with Honourable Isaac Burpee, as the candidate of the Liberal party for the Dominion Parliament for the city and county of St. John, and was elected. In 1882 he was again elected for the same con- stituency. The first important case in which Mr. Weldon engaged was, in 1856, Lawton vs. Tarratt, where he was associated with the late S. R. Thomson, against the late Hon. R. L. Hazen, the present Justice Gray, of British Columbia, and other lead- ing counsel of the day. In 1864 he was asso- ciated with Justice Gray as counsel for the Southern Confederacy on the Chesa- peake case, where the parties who captured this vessel were arrested and ordered to be extradited by the police magistrate of St. John, on a charge of piracy ; but upon an application by Mr. Weldon to the present Chief Justice of Canada, then on the New Brunswick bench, after an able argument the prisoners were discharged, and subse- quently Messrs. Gray & Weldon successfully defended other parties tried on a charge of piracy, in the Court of Admiralty, before Carter, C.J., and Parker and Ritchie, JJ. Since that time Dr. Weldon has been en- gaged in many of the most important cases in New Brunswick, and also before the Supreme Court of Canada on appeals from that court. Dr. Weldon's legal attainments are admitted to be very wide and very pro- found, and as an authority on maritime law he has no peer in Canada. He does not very often address the House of Commons, but whenever he rises he at once gets the atten- tion of members. He is a nervous, some- what impetuous speaker, and this, added to the clearness and purity of his language, and the straightforwardness of his ideas, make him very effective in debate. He has been always a very consistent and very prominent Liberal. In religion he is a steadfast mem- ber of the Church of England. He married on March 21st, 1860, Annie, only daughter of John Tucker, Esq., who died in August, 1885. Champlain, Samuel de, came of a noble family of Brouage, in the province of Saintonge, France. In the year 1600, he commanded a vessel on a voyage to the East Indies, acquiring a high reputation for his skill as a naval officer. On his return to France, the prospect was mooted of prose- cuting the discovery which had been made in Canada, by Cartier, and De Chatte, the governor of the colony, secured the services of Champlain. The intrepid navigator set sail on the 16th of March, 1603, accompanied by Pontgrave, who had already made several voyages to Tadousac, a trading post at that point, where the cold sullen waters of the Saguenay are sluiced into the St. Lawrence. After tarrying for a short period here, the explorers took a light batteau, ascending the St. Lawrence, as far as the falls of St. Louis, the cataract which had formed the terminus of Cartier's explorations. The falls of St. Louis were in the neighbourhood of the Indian settlement, Hochelaga, and at this place Champlain tarried for a time to ob- tain information from the Indians ; and he made some careful explorations along the St. Lawrence. Sailing for France in August, when he reached that counfry he found that De Chatte was dead and Sieur de Monts appointed in his place, who engaged him as his pilot in another voyage to the new world. On March 7th, 1604, Champlain set out on his second voyage, arriving at Acadie, or what was known later as Acadia, on May 6th. After much cruising, in search for a desirable situation for a settlement, a small island, about twenty leagues to the west- ward of St. John river was chosen. This was St. Croix island, and thereon the discoverers established themselves. In 1607, Champ- lain was sent on another voyage to Tadou- sac, and on the 3rd of July of the following year, he laid the foundation of Quebec. He erected staunch barracks, cleared the forest from the ground, and sowed many acres of rye and wheat. He had none of the com- mercial instinct in him, else he might soon have made himself rich by traffic with the Indians ; he was only concerned in laying CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 221 the foundations of enduring settlements in the new world, and establishing firmly the Dominion of France therein. Conspiracy during the first winter in Canada raised its head, but the scheme to assassinate Cham- plain was discovered by Capt. Testu, one of the miscreants suffering death, the others being sent to the galleys. During the win- ter, scurvey in a malignant form broke out among the colonists, and Champlain sought for the medicine-a decoction of the bark of the auneda -which Cartier had under a like application used so successfully, but he could not obtain any. In the summer of 1609, the Hurons, Algonquins and other tribes, put on their paint to march against the common enemy, the Iroquois; and Champlain, who loved such enterprise for its own sake, and further being desirous of making allies of so many powerful tribes of natives joined them. From Sorel he set forth with his savage allies, entering the lake to which he gave his own name. The, expedition hoped to surprise the Iroquois in their villages, but they met them upon the lake, and turning their prows shoreward, they resolved to bivouac for the night and commence the battle on the morrow. Champ- lain from his covert, shot two chiefs whom he recognized by their plumes. The noise and the execution of the firearms, so terri- fied the poor Iroquois that they fled in sad panic. The expedition returned to Quebec with fifty scalps. Champlain made many visits to France, and also joined in several other expeditions against the Iroquois. He was continued as lieutenant-governor under the distinguished nobleman, the Prince of Cond£ and Montmorency. He was a devot- ed adherent of the Roman catholic faith, and resolved to plant the cross in the wilder- ness of Canada. With this aim, he brought out a number of Jesuit fathers, who nobly entered in the work assigned to them in the face of every danger, baffling with cold, hunger and superstition in its most degrad- ing and cruel forms. In July, 1629, he was obliged to surrender Quebec to Sir David Kirke, who came against him with a well- equipped English armament. He was then taken to France, where he exerted himself strenuously for the recovery of New France, and Canada was restored again, in 1632, by the treaty of St. Germain, together with Acadie and Cape Breton. Champlain's exertions were not without due recognition. He was appointed governor of Quebec, but did not live long to carry out an adminis- tration, in which his soul was bound up. He well merited the title of the father of New France. In a large sense he was, and though he was credulous, superstitious and almost fanatical, he had an enormous fund of energy and much sagacity and penetra- tion. It is doubtful indeed, if the founding of a colony in such circumstances as he was placed, could have fallen into the hands of a better man. Hay, David Davidson, Registrar North Riding, County of Perth, Stratford, was born at Broughty Ferry, near Dundee, Scotland, on the 28th of January, 1828. In 1843 he came to Canada, taking up his abode for a short period in Montreal, where he employed himself in a mercantile office. He moved then to Bowmanville, Upper Canada, where he was for many years in the em- ploy of the late Senator Simpson, and from Bowmanville he removed to the County of Simcoe, where he also occupied himself with commercial pursuits for a time. He then moved (nearly thirty years ago) to Listowel, north Perth, where, in conjunction with his father and brothers, he erected a saw and grist mill. Our subject a son of Robert Hay, who was descended from an old Inver- ness-shire family. His mother, Catherine McKiddie, who is still aiive, was a native of Forfarshire, Scotland. He was educated at private schools in Forfarshire and Dundee, and pursued chiefly the English branches and mathematics. He was for ten years in succession the reeve of Elma, in the County of Perth ; and was likewise reeve of Listowel for several years after its incorporation. Of an active temperament, and taking a deep interest in the progress of his county, he was largely instrumental in bringing about the construction of the northern gravel roads in the County of Perth. He was foremost too in the movement which resulted in the construction of the southern extension of the Wellington, Grey & Bruce Railway, by way of Listowel. With his brothers he con- structed the first ten miles of the road, and spent several months in the municipalities interested, promoting the passage of by-laws in aid of the road. He was likewise active in procuring government aid for the road. Mr. Hay also assisted in procuring bonuses for a railway line from Port Dover to Stratford ; and, in conjunction with Colonel Tisdale and S. S. Fuller, secured bonuses for the Strat- ford and Huron Railway, from Stratford to Wiarton. In 1867, he contested North Perth for the legislature, but was defeated by Mr. Monteith. In 1873, he was employed by the Ontario government, as special emigra- tion agent in Europe, and lectured upon Canadian resources in England and Scotland. 222 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF He returned the same year, and took charge of, for several months, the Ontario home emigration work, interviewing and confer- ring with various county councils, and other bodies, with respect to immigration and kindred subjects. He was for nearly twenty years division court clerk at Listowel; and was also a justice of the peace for the county. In 1874, he contested North Perth again, and this time was successful, and was re-elec- ted in 1879. In 1883 he was defeated. In the last named year, he was again employed by the Ontario government as special emigra- tion commissioner in England and Scotland. He attended that year, in the interests of Ontario, the Royal Show in York, and that of the Highland Society at Inverness. He lectured in Scotland, his work hav- ing special regard to securing emigration of tenant farmers. In January, 1884, on the demise of the late Mr. Robb, he was appointed registrar of the North Riding of Perth. Mr. Hay has also been school trustee and president of the agricultural society. We may add that he has always taken an ac- tive interest in educational and social ques- tions. With respect to his religious convic- tions, it may be said that he was brought up a Presbyterian, but after his arrival in Cana- da, he became connected with the Congrega- tional body and retained the connection for about twenty years or more. He then em- braced the doctrine of conditional immortal- ity, and for years lectured regularly in pro- motion of these views. He is now again connected with the Congregational body, but he still holds very firmly to the doctrine of the second coming of Christ. He married on the 23rd of March, 1851, Janet Rogerson, of Innisfil, County of Simcoe. This lady is descended from a Dumfries (Scotland) family. Deville, Edward Gaston, Surveyor General of Dominion Lands, Ottawa, was born in 1849 at La Charite Sur Loire Nievre, France. He is a retired officer of the French navy; and was educated at the Naval School, Brest. He had charge of extensive hydro- graphic surveys in the South Sea Islands, Peru and other countries. In 1874 he retired from the navy and came to Canada. Shortly after his arrival, he entered the employ of the Quebec government, where he remained from 1874 to 1879, as inspector of surveys and scientific explorer. In 1877 he was com- missioned as provincial land surveyor ; and in 1878 he was appointed examiner of mas- ters and mates for the port of Quebec. In 1878, he was commissioned as Dominion land and topographical surveyor; and he was appointed a member of the board of exam- iners for Dominion land surveyors the same year. He became inspector of Dominion land surveys in 1881. Finally, in 1885, he reached the top round of the ladder, becom- ing surveyor-general of Canada. He is a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, and of the Royal Society of Canada, and is in the section of mathematical, physical and chemical sciences. He is the author of "Astronomic and Geodetic Calculations," and of several able scientific papers. He married, in 1881, Josephine, daughter of the Honourable G. Ouimet, superintendent of public instruction, and late premier of Quebec. Vickers, John Joseph, Toronto, proprietor of " Vickers' Express " and presi- dent of the Vickers Express Company. This enterprising gentleman was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1818, and was the second son of John and Hannah (Leeson) Vickers, of that city. His father held a government position in the treasury depart- ment in Dublin, for many years, and he died when John Joseph was but six years old. Mr. Vickers' early education was ac- quired in Dublin, and when a young man, he entered the service of the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company, and remained in their service for several years. In 1849, he left Dublin, and arrived in New York, bear- ing introductory letters from Mr. James McHenry, of Liverpool. He entered the service of the Howard Steamship Com- pany, and continued in the employ of this company for about two years. In the meantime, having heard of the splendid agricultural prospects of Canada, young Vickers, who had lots of energy and am- bition, determined to try his hand at farm- ing, and putting his resolution into effect, he left New York and moved to the Bay of Quinte district, and settled upon a farm in Prince Edward County. Two years prac- tice as an amateur farmer convinced Mr. Vickers that rolling logs and growing buck- wheat was very different to what he had imagined it, he abandoned agriculture, and left for Toronto. In 1852, he engaged with the American Express Company, and continued in their service for two years ; when, on the completion of the Northern Railroad, he embarked in the express busi- ness on his own account, and by strict atten- tion and great exertions, he has developed his present extensive connection. In 1858, in conjunction with others, Mr. Vickers visited the Lake Superior district in the first steam- er (The Rescue), to Thunder Bay. He then CANADIAN BIOGHAPH'X. 223 noticed that the Kaministiquia river would in the future be a great harbour, and acting on his own prophetic instincts, he purchased, after its survey by the govern- ment, land, in that region, and owns nearly half of the navigable portion of the river frontage on the north side. The Canadian Pacific Railway now runs through the greater portion of his property. Since his settlement in Toronto, he has taken an active interest in all that concerns the city's welfare, and in 3 864 was elected aiderman to represent St. George's ward, and he remained in the coun- cil until 1870. During the time he was a member of the council, he proposed the re- solution to construct the new water works, which was carried in October, 10th, 1870. He is captain in the Sedentary Militia, having held a commission for many years. Mr. Vickers' political opioions are strongly Conservative. In 1855, he married Cather- ine Mary, eldest daughter of the late Lieut- enant John W. Dunbar Moodie, of the British army, the first Sheriff of Hastings county, her mother being Susanna Moodie, the eminent authoress, whose "Roughing it in the Bush", and other publications have contributed not a little to our national lit- erature. The issue of this marriage is four sons and six daughters, all living. The eldest son, John A. D. Vickers is the active superintendent of the Express Com- pany. Lennon, Rev. P., pastor St. Basil's Roman catholic church, Brantford, was born in the year 1846, of poor, but respect- able parents, in the parish of Ballymacnab, County of Armagh, Ireland. His parents emigrated to America early in 1848, and after locating for a few years in New York city, and Harvestraw, N.Y., they came to Canada, and settled near the present City of Stratford. Here they remained for a period of ten or twelve years, when, not finding sufficient land for all the family, they went to the Western States, and located near the town of Hastings, Minnesota. The subject of our sketch, however, remained in Canada, to pursue and complete his studies. Being of a delicate constitution, his parents des- tined him for some profession, and deter- mined to give him the best education then possible to be obtained. After spending a few years in a country log school, he passed the entrance examination to the Stratford High (or then called) Grammar School, at the early age of eleven years. Here he ap- plied himself diligently to the study of clas- sics and mathematics, for five years, and ■occupied a front rank in all his classes. Although the only catholic attending the grammar school, for two years, he was a general favourite with both teachers and pupils, whose esteem he won by his talents and good conduct. In the year 1864, he entered the college of St. Sulpice, Montreal, when he again distinguished himself in all the branches, making the full course in six years, the usual time being nine years. After graduating from the college, he en- tered the Grand Seminary of Montreal, to prepare for the priesthood, by three years study of theology. He was ordained priest by Bishop Walsh, of London, on the 30th of June, 1873. During the first year after his ordination, Father Lennon laboured with zeal as curate in the City of London, the town of Amherstburg, and the parish of Stratford. To the last named place he was called upon the appointment of the late Bishop Crinnon, then incumbent of Strat- ford, to the See of Hamilton. Bishop Crin- non, however, knowing the ability and ster- ling qualities of the young priest, obtained as a favour from the Bishop of London, the transfer of Father Lennon to the Diocese of Hamilton, as private secretary, which im- portant office he filled for five years. He was then appointed assistant to the Vener- able Dean O'Rielly, of Dundas While in Dundas, besides attending to his various duties, and aiding the pastor in working up the mission, he was mainly instrumental in founding the now famous home for aged men and women, known as the House of Providence. The late venerable Father McNulty, of Caledonia, had for many years before his death thought of procuring a home for the destitute with the means he had saved after forty years of hard mission- ary life, and at the suggestion of Rev. Father Lennon, bought the Methodist seminary of Dundas, beautifully situated and overlooking the town, for this purpose. He placed implicit confidence in the ad- ministrative talents of Father Lennon, and gave over all his earnings without reserve. Nor had he reason to regret it; for he had the pleasure to see with his own eyes the institution in a flourishing condition and had the happiness of dying within its walls, having been chaplain over it for the space of six years. His remains repose in a beautiful nook near the building, and the soft zephyrs passing through, the trees that shade his humble grave, sing the requiem of the good old priest, who gave all he had to make a home for the poor. After three years of laborious missionary work in Dundas, Father Lennon became broken 224 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF down in health, and his physician ordered a change of climate as necessary to recovery. Accordingly, in 1881, he took a trip to Europe, and during four months, visited England, Ireland, France, Germany and Italy, returning in good health. On his re- turn, he was appointed for short periods to the missions of Caledonia, Walkerton and Arthur. But in May, 1882, he was perma- nently stationed in Brantford, where he set at work immediately to finish St. Basil's church, already deeply in debt. It was a bold undertaking, but Father Lennon was equal to the task, and thanks to his energy, zeal and great administrative powers, Brant- ford possesses one of the finest churches in Ontario. As a preacher, Father Lennon has a clear, ringing voice, capable of filling the largest church edifice. His style is pointed and argumentative, and while at times ornate, aims chiefly at conviction. He takes a deep interest in all matters re- lating to the welfare of church and state, prudently avoiding anything of a purely political nature. By such means he com- mands the respect of all classes. While he is an ardent champion of his own faith, he respects the honest convictions of those that differ from him in religion ; and although he is a warm loyal citizen of the country of his adoption, he is an enthusiastic lover of the country of his birth, and takes a lively interest in all relating to the Emerald Isle. MEj litis, George Rudolph, M.D., Berlin, the subject of this memoir, was born on the 30th of April, 1837, at Alsfeld, Grand Duchy of Hassia, Germany. His father was George Mylius, M.D., a physician of excel- lent standing, and his mother was Louisa Hornung. G. R. Mylius' grandfather was Carl Mylius, who came from Silesia, Prus- sia, during the Napoleonic war of 1814, and 1815, to Alsfeld, in Hassia, where he obtained an appointment under the govern- ment. Rudolf, from his fifth to his four- teenth year; received his educational in- struction by a tutor at Romrod, Hassia, where his father was established as govern- ment physician in Kreisarzh. When four- teen years of age he went to the Giessen High School, and when he reached his eighteenth year, to the University of Gies- sen, where he began the study of medicine and chemistry under Liebig and Will ; botany under Hoffman ; physiology under Bischoff, continuing till 1860. He took his degree of M. D. in December, 1859. Dr. Mylius came from Germany, by way of New York, in March, 1860, and took up his abode in Berlin, where an uncle of his, Mr. Charles Kranz, was living, and here he at once began to practice his profession. In 1875 he attended lectures at the Toronto School of Medicine, to enable him to pass an examination, and on April 24th, 1876, he obtained a license and certificate of M.D. from the Ontario Medical Board. His prac- tice, is now very large, and he enjoys the reputation among all classes of being a very successful and skilful physician and surgeon. From 1862 to 1872 he devoted his energies toward the manufacture of beet root sugar in Berlin, but his efforts, like similar efforts in other parts of Canada, were unsuccessful. He has held no public office except that of school trustee, and this office he filled for six years. He is associated with the Forest- ers, and has been medical officer of Court Berlin, No. 72, since January 29th, 1883. Dr. Mylius was brought up in the Lutheran church, and still strictly adheres to that body. He married, on October 9th, 1861, Dorothea Fridohen Klotz, eldest daughter of Otto Klotz, of Preston. By this union he has had three children, two daughters and one son, all of whom are living. Body, Rev. Charles William Ed- mund, M.A., D.C.L., Provost of Trin- ity College, Toronto, was born at Clapham, Surrey, England, on October 4th, 1851, and he is a son of the Rev. Elihu Edmund and Sarah, Body. The Rev. Elihu Body was for a time mathematical master of the Clapham Grammar School, of which the present Professor Pritchard, of Oxford, was the head master ; and he is now Vicar of Wonersh, Guildford, Surrey. Our subject was educated at St. John's College, Cam- bridge. He entered in 1871, and graduated B. A., with mathematical honours (6 th wrangler,) in 1875. He took second-class theological honours in 1876 ; Bell's Uni- versity scholar in 1872 ; Carus Greek Testa- ment Prizeman in 1876, and Tyrrwhit's Hebrew Scholar in 1878. He was a Fellow, and Lecturer in Theology, at St. John's College, from 1878 to 1881. He was lecturer in Theology in Pembroke College, Cambridge, from 1880 to 1881 ; and in the last-named year he became Provost of Trin- ity College, Toronto, and Vice Chancellor of that University. During his career as a lecturer at Cambridge, he was several times University examiner in the Pass and Honour Schools of Theology, and for the Tyrrwhit University scholarship. He was also select university preacher, etc., and while in this office, took an active part in fos- tering theological study in the university, as likewise in the foundation of a new flourish- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 225 ing theological training school for candidates for holy orders at Cambridge. In conjunc- tion with some three or four other young Fellows of Colleges, he was assistant curate in the large parish of Chesterton, from 1876 to 1881. Since 1881 Rev. Dr. Body has taken an active part in raising a large supplemental endowment for the University of Trinity College, and of the sum of $200,000 requir- ed, $110,000 has already been raised. In 1884, Provost Body, in conjunction with the Rev. Reg. H. Starr, B.D., was sent to England on behalf of the endowment move- ment, where they met with good success. Dr. Body has also taken an energetic part in the movement for obtaining biblical in- struction in the public and high schools of Ontario ; and he is now chairman of the Synod Committee on religious instruction for the diocese of Toronto. He married, on July 12th, 1881, Frances Mary Perry, •daughter of the late J. Perry, J. P., of Clifton, Bristol, England. Provost Body is a man of marked ability and zeal, and under his capable and wise management, the pros- pects of Trinity College are brighter than they have ever been since its institution. Dr. Body was not satisfied when accepting the control of the college to fall into the lines of routine, but he very promptly set at work to make a study of the country of his adoption ; and to this end personally visit- ed our North-West, and various other parts of the Dominion. Of the following tribute paid to Provost Body by the Bishop of To- ronto, in his charge to the Synod of the Diocese in 1881, we gladly avail ourselves : " With regard to the immediate object of our Mission, it was crowned, by the good guidance of God, with a success far beyond our most sanguine expectations. We ventilated our want fully amongst the Bishops and the two Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, where we spent some time visiting the leading Fellows of Colleges and Divinity Professors. A real and wide interest was created in the Diocese, and in the important position to be filled, and we met with much kind- ness, much active and ready help. A consider- able and daily increasing list of names, many of great promise, were before us, when we found there was a possibility of securing a gentleman whose name and high reputation had been known to us from our first inquiries for a Provost eight- een months before. The Rev. C. W. E. Body, whose brilliant University record was sixth Wrangler, second class Theological Tripos, Bell's University Scholar and Tyrwhitt's Hebrew Scholar, was at the time resident Fellow and Divinity Lecturer at St. John's College, Cam- bridge. But other qualifications than these chief- ly weighed with us in unhesitatingly offering to him the Provostship of Trinity College. For some years he had devoted himself to the very work that would best fit him for that office-religious work amongst the young men of the University, at a time when liberalism, indifferentism, and avowed unbelief, were spreading like a leaven through the intellectual life of fellows as well as undergraduates. In this most important field of labour, closely associated, first with Professor Lightfoot (now Bishop of Durham,) and after- wards with Professor Westcott, his successor, Mr. Body acquired such influence over the minds of the younger men, and achieved such conspicu- ous success, as to attract attention from those in higher places who are closely watching the course of religious thought, and to earn him a reputation not only in his own University, but in Oxford. However, you will feel, and he will feel, that the wisdom of our selection has yet to be proved by the results of his work in his new sphere. He enters upon it full of earnest purpose inspired by the magnitude of its scope, and the incalculable importance of its issues in the future of the Church in this great Province. I commend him to your cordial welcome among us, and pray you to. aid and further his efforts, in the trust that, with God's blessing upon them, we may yet, ere long, see Trinity College, the child of the old age of the first bishop, take its rank worthily as the University of the great Church of England in Ontario, and become the rallying point, in which will unite, in perfect charity, and with fullest confidence, the temporarily separated phalanxes of the one undivided army." MacLaren. William, D.D., Professor of Systematic Theology, Knox College, To- ronto. This learned divine was born in the township of Torbolton, in the County of Carleton, and is the fifth son of David Mac- Laren, who was born at Drumlochey, Perth- shire, Scotland, in 1788. His parents were married on 6th January, 1817, and after residing some years in Glasgow, came to Canada in 1822, and settled for a short time at Richmond, Ont. They then removed to the township of Torbolton, on the Ottawa river, where William was born, on the 26th January, 1828. Subsequently, David Mac- Laren removed to Wakefield, Quebec, where he died in 1869, and his wife followed him six years later. He was a farmer, mill- owner and merchant, and was for a number of years associated with two of his sons in the well-known lumbering firm of James MacLaren & Co., Wakefield and Ottawa. Professor MacLaren received his preliminary education in the Grammar School, Ottawa, and in the Toronto Academy, an institution which, owing to changes in the educational system of the province, was subsequently closed. His college training was secured in Knox College, which at that time gave both a theological and an arts course. He also attended certain classes in the University of Toronto, although it was not then on its present liberal basis. On 1st June, 1853, Rev. W. MacLaren was ordained by the Presbytery of London, in connection with 226 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the Presbyterian Church of Canada, and was inducted into the charge of the church at Amherstburg, Ont. Here he entered upon his responsible duties, and met with an encouraging measure of success. In 1857 he moved to Boston, Mass , having received a call from Knox church, Beacon street, now known as the Columbus Avenue Presbyterian church. The congregation was then in connection with the Presbytery of Montreal. This connection having been found inconvenient, it was, on his advice, dissolved, and the congregation was trans- ferred to the Presbyterian church in the United States, and Mr. MacLaren returned to Canada. After receiving various invita- tions to important spheres of labour, Mr. MacLaren Accepted a call to the John street Presbyterian church, Belleville, where he laboured with success until 1870, when he was called to the pastorate of Knox church, Ottawa. During his residence in Ottawa, he held by appointment of the General Assembly for the session of 1872, the posi- tion of Lecturer on Apologetics in the Pres- byterian College, Montreal. In 1873 he was appointed by the same body to the chair of Systematic Theology in Knox Col- lege, and as a professor has achieved success in his alma mater. In 1883, the Univer- sity of Queen's College, Kingston, con- ferred on Professor MacLaren the degree of Doctor|of Divinity. Dr. MacLaren has al- ways taken an active interest in mission- ary operations, . and in the general work of the church, and was for sixteen years convener of its Foreign Mission Committee. The General Assembly, 1884, conferred on him the highest honour in its gift, by elect- ing him to the office of moderator. In 1854 Dr. MacLaren married Marjory Laing, third daughter of James R. Laing, of Nid- drie Park, Melbourne, Quebec. He has living, one son, David, a licentiate of the Presbyterian Church, and one daughter, Elizabeth Barnet, now Mrs. Arthur Mowat. Cameron, John, Editor and Manager of the Globe, Toronto, was born in the town- ship of Markham, Ontario, on the 22nd of January, 1843. His father was a native of Argyllshire, Scotland, and his mother of the north of Ireland. When a boy he went to reside in London, Ontario, and in the Free Press office he learned the printing trade. On the expiration of his apprentice- ship, and when only about twenty-one years of age, he conceived the idea of starting an evening paper in London. He had little or no means, and the paper to succeed must pay its own way day by day. The first number of the Evening Advertiser, was accordingly issued on the 27th of October,. 1863, and fortune smiled on the venture from the start. This paper was ai first of very small size, but it filled a long felt want, and it grew in circulation, size and prestige, year after year, until it is now one of the most prominent morning and evening dailies in the province. In December, 1882, Mr. Cameron gave up his position on the Adver- tiser, and the Hon. David Mills, M. P., be- came its editor, while William Cameron, who had been from the first associated with John Cameron, assumed the business man- agement. On taking the editorship and management of the Globe, Mr. Cameron introduced many reforms in the arrange- ments of its news columns, etc., and this newspaper now stands as a model daily. Mr Cameron is a pronounced Liberal, and a consistent advocate of the temperance re- form. " He," says a writer in The Scot in British North America, " is essentially a man of tact, shrewdnesss and resource, and though criticism has not been silent as to the effect of the change in the style of the- great newspaper, the destinies of which have been entrusted to his keeping, it must be ad- mitted on the whole, borne well the trying ordeal of comparison, with his veteran pre- decessor." Keefer, ThomasC., C.E.,Ottawa, the very distinguished subject of this sketch, was born at Thorold, near Niagara, on the 4th of November, 1821. His grandfather, George Kieffer,was a U. E. L. and an Alsatian Huguenot. His paternal great-grandfather, Samuel Kieffer, married Ann Waldruff, of Westervallen, in Germany, and died in Alsace, on the Rhine, leaving two sons, George and Jacob. Their mother married Frederick Saverine, and emigrated with him to America, when George Kieffer was ten years old. This was about 1750. Our subject's father was born on Pepper Cotton Creek, near Newton, Sussex county, in the then British Province of New Jersey, in 1773. On the breaking out of the Revolu- tionary war, in 1776, his father joined the Royalists under Col. Barton, and went to New York, leaving two valuable farms and a distillery, which were confiscated by the United States. After serving several years, he died of typhoid fever in the army hos- pital on Staten Island, and is buried there. His son, George, in his eighteenth year, (1790), came into Canada by an Indian trail to where Buffalo is now built, with other loyalists, and returning, brought his mother here in August, 1792.. He established him- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 227 self at Thorold, on the Welland Canal, of which he was one of the promoters, and was elected the first president of the Wel- land Canal Company. Our subject's ma- ternal grandfather was Peter McBride, of Armagh, one of the Irish volunteers who came with General Carleton to America in 1776, having previously married in Tralee, Mary Bradshaw, who was born there 2nd February. 1756. She was descended from General Bradshaw (a brother of the regi- cide), who was sent to Ireland by Cromwell. This family were connected with the Springs, Healys, Twists and McCarthys, of that part of Ireland, both Protestants and Catholics. An uncle, Edward McBride, who repre- sented the town of Niagara in the parlia- ment of Upper Canada, was a noted mason, and accused of being one of the party who made away with Morgan. Another uncle, his brother James, was mayor of Munro, Michigan, and sheriff of the county, who married a niece of Sir L. H. Lafontaine ; her cousin Loranger married our subject's aunt, Anne McBride. Another uncle, Thos. McBride, married Mary Detlor, of Napanee. Thomas C. Keefer was educated in Upper Canada College, whereto went most of the young men of his time. In 1838 he began his career as engineer, his first employment being upon the Erie Canal. Subsequently he was engaged upon the Welland Canal, and with marvellous speed became division engineer upon that work. Mr. Keefer's capacity for work, his knowledge, his brilli- ancy, and his originality brought him very much attention now, and his services were soon in the very highest demand ; hence in a little we find him chief engineer of the Ottawa River works. This office was abol- ished, and the occupation of this Othello among engineers was gone for the nonce. Seizing his pen he was soon found ex- posed in his bold and brilliant essay, " The Philosophy of Railroads." Briefly, the ob- ject of this paper was to show that in a sparsely settled country, as Canada then was, that railroads would, as investments, be disastrous ; but, that inorder to prevent depopulation, they must be constructed. The essay was translated into foreign lan- guages, and the ability of the writer was on everybody's lips. Mr. Keefer was sent to Boston to assist the United States consul, Mr. Andrews, respecting the Reciprocity treaty. He was in 185J appointed to make preliminary surveys for the Grand Trunk Railway, and for a bridge over the St. Lawrence at Montreal. The present Vic- toria bridge is the outcome of the plans of Mr. Keefer at that time. In 1851 he op- posed the broad guage, and later, the narrow one, advocating the standard guage for Canadian railways, and the subsequent change of guage, both broad and narrow, to the standard guage has confirmed his pre- science. He gained Lord Elgin's prize for an essay on the Canals of Canada, and the pro- duction was remarkable for its breadth of view, the economical weight, indeed, we might say, the statesmanlike prescience which it revealed. In almost every im- portant engineering project in the country this brilliant engineer has been in some manner or another concerned. He con- structed water works for Montreal, Hamil- ton, Ottawa, and other cities, and advised with respect to the construction of works in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. He was likewise chief engineer of railways in Upper and Lower Canada. To one theory he seemed always to be wedded, namely, the military and political signifi- cance of railways, and he made no important allusion to our railway systems in which this idea was allowed to remain in the back- ground. His correspondence to the press on public works has been voluminous, and seldom gainsaid. He held that as soon as the extinguishment of the Hudson Bay Company's title was accomplished, an all- through Canadian or Canada Pacific Rail- road was a logical consequence. In 1878 he was sent to Paris, as Chief Commissioner for Canada to the International Exhibition, and France honoured him as a distinguished engineer by conferring upon him one of the higher grades of the legion of honour, and by appointing him one of the jurors for the class of engineering. He is a member of the In- stitution of Civil Engineers of London and of New York. He commenced the public advocacy of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1847, and of the Canadian Pacific in 1869. His military record is confined to service on the frontier in 1837, at Fort Erie, and to drilling in Toronto, in 1861, for the Trent affair. Mr. Keefer has travelled in the northern, middle and western States to the Pacific Ocean, and in Europe. When a boy our subject had some narrow escapes. Once he was struck senseless in his father's mill at Thorold, and bears the indent in his skull now. He was, in November, 1845, swamped in a rapid in the Ottawa river, his canoe was lost, and his bowsman drown- ed. He himself escaped with difficulty to a rock, from which he was rescued, with cloth- ing frozen stiff, by the last boat of the sea- son. In religion Mr. Keefer's opinions are A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 228 taken from the Bible-non-denominational. He married Elizabeth, daughter of the late Honourable Thos. Mckay, by whom he has had seven children, five of whom are still living. He is not a political partisan, sup- porting measures rather than men. Poirier, Hon. Pascal, Richibucto, New Brunswick, was born on the 14th Feb- ruary, 1852, at Shediac, New Brunswick. He is of old Acadian descent, and a member of a very honourable family. Young Poirier received a very thorough education, com- pleting his course of studies at St. Joseph's College, Memramcook, in the Province of New Brunswick. Having finished his edu- cation, he entered a law office. He was dili- gent and brilliant as a student, and a very successful legal career was frequently pre- dicted for him by those who had observed his ways. In 1876 he was called to the Quebec bar, and began practice. The young advo- cate always had strong literary instincts, and he wrote in a very pure and cultured French style. But there was more than grace in the works of his pen. There was marked originality, and there were very frequent outbursts of brilliancy. At an early age he was a contributor to the daily and weekly press, writing for the most part in French, though his English work was also very cred- itable. Some of his reviews and essays were remarkable for their sharp insight, and true critical faculty. But the literary work by which he is best known, and which must always survive in our native letters, was his book known as "■ L'Origine des Acadiens." This work concerned itself with the early settlement of old Acadia by the Acadian im- migrants, the early struggle of the Acadians, and all the important events connected with their subsequent career. The book has the true historic fervour ; is a very graphic and rememberable piece of portraiture; and it contains a number of eloquent and brilliant passages. When M. Poirier was in his twen- tieth year, he received the appointment of postmaster of the House of Commons ; and this position he held uninterruptedly from 1872 to 1885. Then occurred a vacancy in the Senate for the Province of New Brunswick. For a long time it had been urged, and with every justice,that the Acadians had not their due share of senate representation, and Mr. Pierre A. Landry, the able, brilliant, and patriotic member for Kent, pressed that an Acadian now should have one of two ap- pointments to be made in New Brunswick, the senatorship alluded to, or a judgeship for the bench of the Supreme Court, so called. Being asked which he would favour, he made it plain that he would prefer seeing the senatorship go to his people, and ac- cordingly M. Poirier was chosen. The ap- pointment was everywhere received with marked satisfaction, and it was felt that M. Poirier was a decided acquisition to the Senate. Let us hope that our subject may be able to continue to devote some of his fine talents to the production of further lit- erary work. M. Poirier has travelled ex- tensively. He was twice in England, and has also been in France ; and he studied for six months in Paris. He was married, in Montreal, on 9th of January, 1879, to Mlle. Anna Lusignan, sister of Alphonse Lusig- nan, a member of the Royal Society, and one of the foremost French-Canadian litter- ateurs. The Lusignans occupy an impor- tant place in the history of old France, one of the name having been king of Cyprus and Jerusalem. It may be stated that our subject is descended from the French Neu- trals, who were exiled from 1'Acadie, Nova Scotia, in 1755, which episode has been sung by Longfellow, in his Evangeline. In man- ners, the Honourable M. Poirier is genial, and in bearing he is courteous. Johnson,William, Belleville, Ontario, was born in Antrim, County Antrim, Ire- land, on the 28th September, 1842. His forefathers were Warders on the borders of England and Scotland. During the rev- olution of 1688-90 they espoused the cause of civil and religious liberty, and fought under King William the Third, for which services they received grants of land from the king, at Oldstone, near Antrim, in Ire- land, where the family have since resided. Mr. Johnson is the eldest son of the late William Johnson, a merchant of Antrim. Mr. Johnson, jun., came to Canada in 1863, and settled in Belleville. Imme- diately on coming to this country he en- rolled himself in the volunteer force, and was on active service with his battalion, the 15th Argyle Light Infantry, at Belleville, in March, and Prescott, in June, 1866. He has devoted a great deal of time to Sunday- schools, having been almost continuously a Sunday-school Superintendent since 1864. His services to this department of church work were recognized by Sunday-school workers from all parts of the Dominion, when they elected him president of the Sun- day-school Association of Canada, at the great convention held in Belleville in 1876. He has been since 1873, a member of the Board of Education of the City of Belleville, and since 1882 its chairman. Descended from men who fought under King William at the CANADIAN B10GBAPHY. 229 Boyne, and elsewhere, and having very early in life been imbued with the principles of the Orange Association, he united with that vast organization in Belfast, Ireland, in 1860 ; and here the tireless energy and enthusiasm, which are characteristic features of his cha- racter, were early recognized and appre- ciated. In coming to Canada he at once united with the association here, and since then has filled almost every office in the various primary, district, county, and grand lodges. He has, for three successive years, 1883, 1884 and 1885, been unanimously elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ontario East. He has twice been sent to the old world as a representative of the Orangemen of Canada, and has been for years recognized on both sides of the Atlan- tic as one of the leaders of the Orange so- ciety. Mr. Johnson is the eldest brother of James Johnson, editor of the Ottawa Citizen, and of John W. Johnson, principal of the Ontario Business College, Belleville. Harper, John M., B.A., Ph.D., F. E.I.S., Quebec, the subject of the follow- ing biographical sketch, was born on the 10th July, 1845, at Johnstone, in Renfrew- shire, Scotland. Dr. Harper is the son of Robert M. Harper, printer, bookseller and publisher, of Johnstone, and founder of the first weekly newspaper printed in that place. On the maternal side, he is of Celtic origin. His granduncle, the late Robert Montgom- ery, was for many years a prominent manu- facturer in Johnstone, where he was held in high esteem by his fellow citizens. John- stone forms part of the Paisley Abbey par- ish, a district famous for its schools, and it was at one of the best of these that the subject of our sketch received the rudiments of his education. From the parish school he went to the Glasgow E. C. Training Col- lege, an institution founded by Stowe, and one from which America has drawn several prominent educationists. He entered col- lege as a Queen's scholar of the first rank, and after completing the full course of study, retired with the highest certificates granted by the lords of committee of Council on Education, and with special certificates from the Science and Art Department, Kensing- ton. After coming to this country he became a graduate of Queen's University, Kingston, and some years ago he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Illinois University, after completing the three years' post-graduate course in the section of meta- physical science. In 1881 he was unani- mously elected a Fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland, an honour seldom con- ferred upon teachers labouring outside of Britain, and only upon those of advanced experience. Before leaving Scotland he had received an appointment to an academy in New Brunswick, where he laboured success- fully for the full term of his engagement. After several years residence in the Mari- time Provinces, he was eventually appointed principal of the Victoria High School, St. John, N.B., the largest institution of the kind in that section of Canada. Here, as elsewhere, he laboured to raise the teaching profession in the estimation of the public, and endeavoured to foster an esprit de corps among the teachers themselves. He suc- ceeded in introducing many of the improved methods of imparting instruction by holding meetings with the teachers, and otherwise followed up his efforts in this direction by giving instruction in drawing, chemistry, botany and kindred subjects. In 1877 the Hon. L. H. Davies, premier of Prince Ed- ward Island, visited the educational institu- tions of St. John, and meeting with the principal of the Victoria school, was not slow in recognizing his worth as an educa- tionist. After carefully examining the sys- tem under which the St. John schools were being conducted, and no doubt anxious to introduce such a system in his own province, he invited Dr. Harper to accept the position of superintendent of education in Prince Edward Island. This generous offer, how- ever, was declined, as the head master of the Victoria school had no desire to leave his adopted province. But not long after, the Victoria school building was destroyed in the great fire of St. John, and on hearing of the calamity, Mr. Davies followed up his previous offer by asking Dr. Harper to as- sume the principal ship of the Provincial Nor- mal school in Charlottetown. This the latter did, but only on the understanding that he would be free to return to St. John as soon as the Victoria school was rebuilt. While on the island the value of his work was at once keenly appreciated. In a letter written by the premier, in which he gives expres- sion to the general sentiment of the public in regard to educational progress on the island, he says : " As a matter of fact, Mr. Harper organized the whole school. What existed under the name of Normal school was merely a name. He infused life and vitality into it. The bitterness of religious strife was such when he took charge as to defy all attempts to make the school in any sense a provincial one. By tact and judicious man- agement, he succeeded in overcoming all that, and under his rule the school has been 230 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF a great success. Intimately connected with him as I was for nearly two years, I can speak of his ability, tact and administrative power, because he was, in addition to being principal of the Normal school, also super- intendent of the city schools. He succeeded in carrying out the difficult task of grading Protestant and Catholic children in the schools so that entire satisfaction was given to the citizens. I consider the province owes him a debt of gratitude for his successful labours," Nor is the testimony of others less explicit. " Mr. Harper," says the Rev. Mr. McLennan, " has occupied for some time the position of principal of the Normal school of this province, and of superintend- ent of the city schools, having been invited to occupy these offices by the Government for the purpose of establishing a system of training, organization and equipment suit- able to give effect to a Public School Act, passed by the Legislature in 1877. The high reputation which he enjoyed as a teacher and writer on school affairs-the influential situation he was filling at the time as princi- pal of the Victoria school, St. John, New Brunswick, and the recommendation of pro- minent educationists who were acquainted with his career, pointed him out as emi- nently fitted for the position offered to him in Prince Edward Island. The heavy task which he undertook was performed with vigour, ability and acknowledged success. The condition of the city schools, in point of organization, and methods of instruction, was soon brought into conformity with that which characterises the best public schools in other provinces. A superior public edi- fice was constructed at a cost of $30,000 ; while in the Normal school, the work of in- struction and training, conducted more im- mediately by himself, gave indications of the value of that special work, virtually new in this province." At the end of a year or more, when Dr. Harper proposed to return to St. John, the government of Prince Edward Island, being anxious to continue the work of educational progress so successfully inau- gurated, put forth every effort to induce him to resign his position in New Brunswick, and to take up his abode permanently in Charlottetown. After some delay they suc- ceeded, and for three years the subject of our sketch became a resident of the island, holding during the last year of his residence, when a change of government, in 1879, brought about the amalgamation of the Nor- mal school and the Prince of Wales' college, the position of professor in the amalgamated institution, with special supervision of the department for the training of teachers. Beyond his professional reputation, how- ever, Dr. Harper has not failed to make his mark as a gentleman of matured literary tastes. From his earliest years he has taken a deep interest in literature and literary pursuits. In Nova Scotia he took an active part in establishing a literary periodical, de- voted at its inception to the cultivation of Canadian literature, and has continued more or less frequently to contribute to our peri- odical literature in prose and verse. Many of his lyrics have been highly praised, while some of his poems in the Scottish dialect merit a prominent place in the literature of his native country. He also enjoys a repu- tation of some distinction as a writer and compiler of school text-books, and is the author of several excellent lectures, includ- ing " Plato," " The New Education," "Cause and Effect in School Work," and others. The Literary and Historical Society of Que- bec is indebted to him for two valuable papers, published in the Transactions, and entitled, " The Maritime Provinces," and "The Development of the Greek Drama." He is also a contributor to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. Dr. Har- per at present holds the position of rector of the Quebec High School, being, besides examiner for teachers' licenses, secretary- treasurer of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners, and for a season was interim professor of mathematics in Morrin College. He is also president of the Teachers' Local Association ; vice-president of the Provin- cial Association of Teachers ; vice-president of the Quebec Literary and Historical So- ciety, and vice-president of the St. Andrew's Society. He was married to Agnes, daughter of William Kirkwood, of Stanley Muir, Paisley, by whom he has had two sons and five daughters. Mrs. Harper died in 1883. In the rank of progressive educa- tionists, Dr. Harper occupies a prominent place. Few can show a fuller record of honest work done in the interests of educa- tion in Canada. Indeed he has always been most ready to lend his experience, profes- sional training, and his literary ability to advance the interests of a calling which is now being universally recognized as second in importance to no other. Leys, .Joh 11, Barrister, Toronto, w7as born at Pickering, Ontario County, Ontario, on the 27th January, 1834. He is a son of Francis Leys, a pioneer settler in the township, who came from Aberdeenshire, Scotland. His mother was Rachel Ernst, of Pickering. Our subject received his early education CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 231 at Pickering, in a school conducted by John Vert ; but when he had reached his twelfth year, he was sent to Toronto, where he entered the academy of which the Rev- erend Alexander Gale was president. Hav- ing completed his educational studies, he entered upon a course of law in the office of Angus Morrison, and in I860, he was ad- mitted to the bar. He at once applied him- self to the practice of his profession, and through his fine abilities, which are every- where acknowledged, he soon succeeded in establishing for himself a remunerative and important practice. He has taken consider- able interest in railroad enterprises, and took a specially prominent part in organiz- ing the Narrow Gauge Railway. He was solicitor for the Toronto & Nipissing Rail- from its inception until it was merged in the Midland system. In religion, Mr. Leys is a Presbyterian, and was for several years secretary of St. Andrew's Society. He married in 1865, Helen, daughter of the late William Arthurs. In politics he has always taken a great interest and an active part, and he has cast in his fortunes with the Reform side. He has twice unsuccess- fully contested East Toronto for the local house, but the day of Mr. Leys is coming. Fuller, Samuel Street, Stratford, was born on August 26th, 1838, at Niagara Falls, on the estate of his grandfather, within a stone's throw of the great Niagara. He is a son of Thomas Brock Fuller, late Bishop of the Diocese of Niagara. His mother was Gynthia Street Fuller. The paternal grand- father was Major Fuller, aide-de-camp to General Brock. Our subject's mother was the eldest daughter of Samuel Street, of Niagara Falls, one of the first settlers in that place, and the builder of the first grist mill on the river. His grandfather likewise •erected the first flour mill, near what is now known as the Burning Springs. Samuel was first sent to a common school in Thor- old, near where his father was then stationed as an Episcopal rector. In his ninth year, he was sent to a boarding-school, conducted by the Rev. Mr. Evans, at Woodhouse, near Simcoe. Hence he went to the school of Rev. Mr. Geddes, Hamilton, where he re- mained for five or six years. For eighteen months further, he attended a school at Dundas, under the tutorship of Mr. Regan. Having completed his studies, he entered as clerk with U. 0. Lee, of Stratford, in a general business. He remained in this es- tablishment for four years, and during the last two he was chief clerk, and had sole charge of the hardware store. Being now in his twentieth year, he left for New York, where he entered a wholesale hardware establishment, in order to familiarize him- self with the business, and remained so em- ployed for two years. He returned again to Canada, and formed a partnership with his twin brother, Thomas Richard Fuller, now at Toronto, for the purpose of carrying on the hardware business, and they bought out the business of U. C. Lee. Our subject re- mained in partnership with his brother for ten years, during which time they did an extensive and lucrative business. He then sold out to his brother, to carry on flax man- ufacturing, as there was now a good open- ing for that business in the neighbourhood of Stratford. He very soon was head of an extensive business, and employed a large number of hands. He remained in the flax trade for about ten years, then retired and rented the mill, which was one of the best in Canada, to J. & J. Livingstone, of Baden. His reason for giving up and renting this splendid property was, because he was now deeply interested in the completion of the Port Dover and Lake Huron Railway, of which road he was a director from its incep- tion, and this new enterprise completely occupied his mind. He subsequently be- came president of the Stratford and Huron, which afterwards formed part of the Port Dover and Lake Huron Railway system, and remained president of same until its consolidation with the Port Dover and Lake Huron Railway, and the Wellington and Georgian Bay Railway, a road built from Palmerston to the town of Durham, when Colonel Tisdale, of Simcoe, was elected its president, and our subject vice-president of the consolidated railway, known as the Grand Trunk, Georgian Bay and Lake Erie Railway, which position he still retains. He is also a Director of the British Mortgage Loan Company of Stratford, a very success- ful company. He was one of the four par- ties, it may be mentioned, who constructed the Stratford and Lake Huron Railway from Stratford to Wiarton, one of the best built local railways in Canada. After the consoli- dation of the Stratford and Huron Railway with the other lines, it was leased to the Grand Trunk Railway. Shortly afterwards our subject took re-possession of his flax mill property, and fitted it up for a wool stock factory. After running for less than a year, it was burnt down, through which Mr. Fuller lost $13,000, above insurance. He did not rebuild. He was also burnt out once, while carrying on the flax mill, but the loss was not then so serious, being about 232 A CYCLOPEDIA OF $4,000. Mr. Fuller represented the town of Stratford, as deputy reeve of the County of Perth in 1865. He married on the 18th of November, 1863, Mary Ann Smith, of Strat- ford. This lady belongs to an English family who had settled a few years before in Strat- ford. She had four brothers residing in Stratford at the time, and three of them still reside there ; one of these, George, is a doc- tor ; another, William, is a bank clerk ; and the third, J. Grason, is a barrister and attor- ney. The late Honourable Justice Smith, of Manitoba,was the other brother. The fruit of this marriage is four sons and two daugh- ters. One daughter died as an infant. Mr. Fuller is the owner of a quantity of real es- tate in Stratford, Palmerston, Atwood and Wiarton. He is not engaged now at any particular business. Looking back he can see the place now a city, which was, when he began his operations in it, only a vil- lage. In religion, Mr. Fuller is an Episco- palian ; and in politics, a Conservative. He is president of the Conservative Association for the North Riding of Perth. In 1882 he went as far west as the south Saskatchewan, and saw the first dwelling, a small frame house, erected in Regina. Burns, Charles, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born in the County of Wicklow, Ireland, on the 11th of January, 1840. In 1849, with many others who at this period were turning their faces toward the new world, he removed, with his parents, to Canada. His father was Simon Peter Burns, who, on arriving in this country, took up his residence in the County of York, where he lived till his family was grown up. The subject of our sketch received a good common school education ; and after his studies had been completed, went on the homestead f irm, and here he remained for some time; but farming was not to his taste. It occurred to him, that, with the right sort of capacity there was opportunity for good achievement in Toronto; so thither he re- moved, and established himself as a dealer in flour and feed. He remained at this oc- cupation for about three years, and then opened a shop for general groceries. Thus he employed himself for nine years, after which he engaged in the ice business. Be- sides these occupations, Mr. Burns has been active in a score of other directions, being a gentleman of large and generous public spirit. As proof of this, it may be instanced that he has held the position of trustee of separate schools for a quarter of a century, and for the past three years he has been chairman of the finance Committee. For the last four years he has been, and still is, a direc- tor of the House of Industry ; and is at this time grand president of the Emerald Bene- ficient Association. In 1881, he was ap- pointed a justice of the peace, and those who know his high personal integrity, and and never-failing sense of justice most cor- dially agreed that a good choice had been made. In religion Mr. Burns is a prom- inent member of the Roman catholic com- munion ; in politics he is a Reformer. He was married in October, 1858, to Sarah Kenny. Mr. Burns's personal appearance reveals the hardy determination, the ac- tivity and the force through which he has been able to accomplish so much, and to accomplish it so well. McCaugliey, Samuel Crlyn, A.M., Barrister, Seaforth, Ontario, the subject of the following sketch, was born in the year 1830, near Ballymena, County Antrim, Ire- land. He was educated at the Royal Belfast College, the educational cradle of great num- bers of distinguished men, among whom might be mentioned, Dr. Thompson, pro- fessor of mathematics in that institution, afterwards occupying the same position in Glasgow, and to which his now celebrated son, Sir W. Thompson, succeeded; Sir Fran- cis Hincks, Dr. John Hall, and many others of equal note. Mr. McGaughey's father was Thomas McCaughey, a linen draper, and agriculturist, owning several farms and be- longing to a family of landed proprietors. His mother, still living, is Jane (Glyn) McCaughey. In 1854 the subject of this sketch, with his brother, James McCaughey, LL.B., barrister, Ingersoll (now deceased), came to Canada. James McCaughey was reeve and afterwards mayor of Ingersoll for a number of years, and was the most popu- lar man without exception in the South Riding of Oxford. At two different times he was chosen as the Conservative standard- bearer, and was considered the only man able to wrest that reform constituency and return a conservative member for the House of Commons. But his relations persuaded him not to accept, though he was pretty certain of being elected, many reformers having signed the requisition, asking him to be a candidate. He died at the early age of forty-six years, a little over two years ago. For some time the subject of this sketch was with his brother in Inger- soll in the practice of law, but about 1863, some twenty years ago, he located himself in Seaforth, and has been ever since, until lately, in the practice of the law in that town. He had with him as partner, for CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 233 some fifteen years, Frank Holmested, and the firm was known as that of McCaughey & Holmested. They did a large business during that time. The firm was dissolved about two years ago, Mr. Holmested re- taining the practice, and Mr. McCaughey entering into the business of private banker with W. Logan, under the style of Logan & Co. During the time that Mr. McCaug- hey was in the practice of the law, he was solicitor for the Consolidated Bank and the Royal Canadian Bank from its commence- ment to its going down. He was also solici- tor for the Canadian Bank of Commerce, from its start in Seaforth, until he gave up the practice of the law. Our subject has been reeve of the town of Seaforth for three years, chairman of the Board of School Trustees (common) for many years, and was the first chairman of the High School Board, and is still a trustee of that institu- tion. He is also chairman of the Mechanics' Institute, an institution second to none of the kind in the province. Mr. McCaughey was also president of the International Salt works of Goderich and Seaforth until they were sold, and was one of its largest stock- holders. He is also an elder of the Pres- byterian church, Seaforth, and is known by members of the congregation, as well as by his fellow citizens, to be a conscien- tious and sterling Christian man. He is broad-spirited, and a man who is interested in the progress of all good works. His ex- cellent literary tastes, and his deep interest in the cause of education, fitted him well for the position which he has held in the edu- cational bodies of his adopted town. Mr. McCaughey married in 1868, Sarah Ferris, daughter of Rev. Robert Ferris, Presby- terian minister of Fethard, south of Ireland, and chaplain to the Presbyterian soldiers stationed in that town, and niece of the late Dr. Ferris, of St. Catharines. They have had four children, two boys and two girls. The girls are living, but the sons are both dead. One died in infancy, the other, Frank Thomas McCaughey, died in March, 1885. He was a student in the High School, Seaforth. The Seaforth Expositor thus spoke of him at the time of his death : " On Thursday morning, March 5th, 1885, our citizens were surprised and pained to learn of the death of Master Francis T. McGaug- hey, only son of S. G. McCaughey, Esq., of this town. Frank was a manly, quiet and studious lad, whose exemplary character made him a universal favourite with all who knew him. He was old beyond his years, and it would seem that his active and powerfnl mind was too much for a not over robust body. He was the pride and hope of a happy household, and his death will be a terrible blow to his fond and de- voted parents. But in the depth of their grief they will have the consolation of mem- ories which are denied to many others, as few parents have had to mourn the death of so affectionate, obedient and exemplary a son." The Seaforth flu/n also said regard- ing him : " He was a youth of great prom- ise, was well educated, and was a general favourite with our people. When a bright boy like deceased is cut down by the merci- less hand of death like a flower, it is sad- very sad indeed." Mr. McCaughey is a Reformer in politics, though he does not take a very prominent part therein, his tastes not lying much in that direction. His father had two brothers, John and Frank. John died at a good old age, at the old homestead in Rosherry, County Antrim. He had no children. Frank is dead also. He married a sister of Sir Samuel Wilson, who is now living on the property of the late Lord Beaconsfield. His sons, two of them, Sam- uel McCaughey and another, are among the great sheep farmers of Australia. It was here that the Wilsons, their uncles, amassed their great wealth. Quinn, Rev. James C., Emerson, Manitoba, was born near Belfast, Ireland, on the 27th May, 1845. His father was Richard Quinn, and his mother Jane Coch- rane. He entered Queen's College, Belfast, in 1865, and subsequently the General As- sembly's College of the same city. He dis- tinguished himself greatly at college, taking prizes in Hebrew and Christian Apolo- getics during his theological career. Rev. Mr. Quinn also took a course of medical study while at the university ; and gave much attention during his arts course in Queen's University, Ireland, to natural phil- osophy and natural science and mineralogy. On the 26th August, 1873, he left Belfast for Newfoundland, but in the following year crossed over to Nova Scotia. In December of 1874, he went to New Brunswick, and was inducted into the pastoral charge of St. James' church, Scotch Ridge, N. B. He was- inducted to the pastoral charge of the Pres- byterian church, Sherbrooke, N.S., 1st May, 1877 ; was called to and settled in Tabusin- tac and Burnt church (Miramichi, N.B.) 1st May, 1881 ; was called to St. Luke's, Bath- urst, N.B., on the 1st May, 1883 ; and called to labour in Manitoba, by appointment of the Home Mission Board, on the 1st Sep- tember, 1885. Our subject is a member of 234 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the Phonetic Society of England ; also of the Free and Accepted Order of Freemasons, Ireland. He has given much attention to the agricultural interests of the communities in which he has resided, and has also taken a prominent part in all that affected the well- being of society. He was the first to intro- duce into the counties of Northumberland and Gloucester, N.B., the system of pre- serving green fodder in silos, commonly known as "ensilage." He likewise intro- duced Shropshire sheep into Northumber- land and Gloucester, N.B. ; and encouraged by personal effort the introduction of thor- oughbred Ayrshire cattle and poultry into Gloucester, N.B. He had charge of a station for the American Ornithological Society when resident at Bathurst, N.B. And ail this he did in addition to the full work in a large and widely scattered parish, requiring as a rule three services every Sabbath and three week night services. His religious views are Calvinistic. He married on the 10th April, 1872, Anna Wilson, of Belfast, daughter of William Wilson, cutler and surgical instrument maker and hardware merchant, of the same city. She is a niece of the late Rev. Dr. Alex. Wilson, of South Carolina, U.S. It is a pity that there are not more men like Mr. Quinn in the country ; men who, while attending to the spiritual welfare of their flocks, look after their tem- poral improvement as well. Capell, John, Toronto, was born in Middleton-Cheney, Northamptonshire, Eng- land. on the 15th October, 1851. His father was John Capell, and his mother Ann Wil- liams. The parents were married in Eng- land, but they emigrated to Canada in 1871, and took up their abode in Newmarket. They had nine children, and of these the subject of our sketch was the eldest. On their arrival, Mr. Capell, senior, employed himself as a farmer', and is still at the same calling, near Richmond Hill, in the County of York, He is a sincere, upright gentleman, a thrifty, frugal, intelligent farmer, and enjoys the respect and good-will of his neighbours. His wife, our subject's mother, is still hearty,and there are doubtless many ripe and useful years yet in store for this excellent couple. Their family, like themselves, are doing well. Mr. Capell re- ceived a fair education at Middleton, his native town. When he was sixteen he went to Banbury, Oxfordshire, where he was ap- prenticed to the trade of carpenter and joiner, in the employ of J. & T. Davis, and here he remained for five years. He was now a hopeful young journeyman of twenty-one, and a thorough master of his trade. Although he possessed a fair educa- tion, he was ambitious, and resolved to possess more ; so when the tiresome day was ended, he was found at a night school studying branches to fit him for such walks in life as we have no doubt his sanguine young imagination was brooding over. In 1871 the family emigated, as we have seen, to Canada. They went to Newmarket, Ontario, for here three of Mrs. Capell's brothers had already betaken themselves. These three brothers were George, Joseph, and John Williams. John Capell, jr., did not remain long at Newmarket, but entered into the employ of Withrow & Hillock, at Toronto, and he afterwards went to work for Hastings & Peterkin, likewise large wood-work manufacturers. Here he ob- tained a thorough knowledge of every var- iety of work that might be said to belong to his trade. In the spring of 1S80 he re- solved, along with Mr. Hewitt, a fellow workman in the same shop, to begin busi- ness on their own account, and the new firm took the name of Hewitt & Capell. The firm commenced operations in March, 1880, in a shop on Queen street west. But business grew so fast that these enterprising men had to seek larger premises on Shep- pard street, and here they remained until 1884, when their business had assumed such proportions that they were compelled to lease a large building, 57 Adelaide street west (which building is now owned by the firm), where they now manufacture on a large scale a varied class of wood-work. Only the most skilled workmen are em- ployed by this firm in the various depart- ments of their factory, and, as a result, their work is of the highest and most satisfactory kind, and is in constant and ever-increas- ing demand. The only association with which Mr. Capell has leagued himself is that of the United Workmen. In religion, Mr. Capell is a member of the Baptist church, in which communion he stands high. He is now, and has always been, a Conservative. In 1875, he married Mary Ann, daughter of William Dean, of Ban- bury, Oxfordshire, England. Mrs. Capell .came to Canada in 1872. The fruit of this union is four children, three of whom are living. Murphy, Timothy Douglas, M.D., Hamilton, of the well known Hamilton Whip Company, was born in the City of Hamilton on the 20th November, 1852. His father was Daniel Murphy, and his mother's maiden name was Ellen Flood. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 235 She was the eldest child of the late James Flood, of Glasgow, who was one of the pioneers of Canada. He came to this coun- try in 1820, settling in the township of Binbrook, in the County of Wentworth. Here he engaged in the lumber trade, owning extensive mills and timber lands throughout Upper Canada. To facilitate his trade, he purchased large vessels to con- vey his timber and lumber to the lower provinces. In 1860 Mr. Flood removed to the village of Kingsville, Essex county, Ontario, where he remained until his death in 1870. Daniel Murphy was born in the County of Cork, Ireland, in 1823, in the village of Barehaven, and emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1826, settling in New York state. He remained in the United States until 1838, when he removed to Canada with his mother, brothers and a sister. He settled in the City of Kingston, where he engaged in the grocery trade. After remaining in Kingston for a short time, he removed to London, Ontario, where he married. In 1848 he removed to Hamilton, and entered into the grocery business in partnership with his elder brother, Timothy Murphy. He con- tinued in this trade in what was known as the " Old Checkered " store, on King street, Hamilton, until his brother's death in 1853, when the business was continued under the name of D. Murphy & Co. Mr. Murphy was now sole proprietor. In 1860, owing to ill-health, he concluded to take a trip to the West Indies. In the following year, on his way home, he died in the City of New York, leaving a family of eight boys, six of whom are still living, the subject of this sketch being the third son. Alluding to the death of Mr. Murphy, the Hamilton Times of March, 1861, says :-" A telegram from New York on Friday last announced the death of this gentleman in that city. We need scarcely say that in this commun- ity and elsewhere among those with whom Mr. Murphy was well acquainted, his death will be deeply lamented. In all the rela- tions of life his conduct was truly exemp- lary. Among business men his enterprise and strict integrity had earned for him a prominent position, while in the family and social circles he was beloved by all near and dear to him as deservedly as he was esteemed by those who enjoyed his friend- ship. An intimate acquaintance, lasting more than one-third his lifetime, enables us to speak feelingly on this subject, and we are sure scores of friends will join us in the remarks we have made. Mr. Murphy came hither from Kingston in 1840, but only- stayed. about a year, when he removed to London, and there commenced business. He came back to Hamilton in 1848, and was associated in business with his brother, Timothy Murphy, who died here in 1853. Since then he has done a heavy business on his own account, and had succeeded in making a handsome fortune. Disease of the heart, however, rendered it necessary for him to seek relief in a milder clime, and on the 31st of December last he proceeded to Bahama, but to no purpose. On his way back he was overtaken by death in the City of New York, and thus at the age of 38 has been taken from a successful career and a large family of young children. He was a native of the County Cork, Ireland." Some of the family are in the United States occupying responsible positions. One, John Redfield Murphy, M.D., is a prominent physician in Kansas City ; another, Dan- iel S. Murphy, is employed in the Cen- tral Pacific Railway, California. The re- mainder of the family are living in Ham- ilton. Timothy Douglas Murphy, M.D., the subject of our sketch, received a finished education, concluding his studies in Rush Medical College, Chicago, where, after a course of four years, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine, graduating in Feb- ruary, 1879, with high honours, and being one of the two of the 125 applicants for the position, who were appointed House Doctor to the Cook County Hospital, in the City of Chicago. He remained House Doctor until the fall of 1879, when he returned to Hamilton, where he married. He returned again to Chicago, where he practised his profession until 1881. Again he returned to Hamilton, family affairs requiring to be arranged in the matter of his father's estate. Finding the management of his interests would require more attention and a longer time than he at first thought, and so would seriously interfere with his practise in Chi- cago, he reluctantly decided to abandon his profession for the present and remain in Hamilton. His natural business abilities could not long remain inactive, and after a short time we find him one of the principal promoters of a manufacturing industry, namely, the Hamilton Whip Co. Of this institution he is, at time of writing, secre- tary-treasurer and manager. The firm is one of the foremost now in Canada, manu- facturing excellent descriptions of whips, and the prominent position which this com- pany now holds among our manufacturers, supplying as it does a class of goods which 236 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the mercantile community in the past were obliged to procure from our American neigh- bours, is undoubtedly due to his business tact and ability. Our subject has trav- elled extensively through the United States, and was two years in San Francisco in the employ of the Central Pacific Railway. He is a Roman catholic, and a staunch sup- porter of the N. P. He married in October, 1879, Emma Florine Martin, daughter of Philip Martin, of Hamilton, Ontario, one of the oldest residents of the city, and a most successful merchant, who has lately retired from active life, leaving his busi- ness in the hands of his sons, Philip and Andrew Martin. Mrs. Martin Murphy is well known throughout the country as one of Canada's most brilliant singers, she hav- ing taken part in opera and concerts in various parts of the country. She is a pupil of Senor Agramonta, the celebrated Italian teacher of vocalism, of the City of New York. Among many flattering notices now before us of the talented lady, we can only find room for one. Alluding to Miss Martin's debut in New York, the New York Sun thus spoke :-" Miss E. Martin made her first appearance before a New York audience on Friday, 21st inst., at Chicker- ing Hall. She sang the difficult Rondo from 'Don Pasquale,' when she introduced some difficult cadenzas ; with staccato notes, trills and roulades, the rendition was highly artis- tic in the details. Her voice, a pure soprano of great compass, extending to E in alt., is well adapted for the singing of bravuro, and from the first notes she captivated the numerous audience that filled the hall. All the diatonic scales, trills and staccato pass- ages were so distinctly and clearly accom- plished that, after the final cadenza in stac- cato, the applause was unanimous, and three times she was forced to come out and ac- knowledge it. This successful debut predicts for Miss Martin a brilliant future in the divine art of singing, and she is already a very distinguished singer." West, Richard, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born in the County of Fermanagh, Ireland, in the year 1834. His parents were Francis West and Louise Arm- strong. They were married in Ireland, and the fruit of this marriage was two children, Richard and John. John West is now a resi- dent of New South Wales, Australia, where he carries on a large stock farm. When the subject of this sketch was only one year old, his mother died, and some time after- wards his father married again, and by the second marriage was born to him five more children. Francis West still resides on the old homestead in Ireland, respected and be- loved by all who know him. Richard West, the subject of this sketch, was educated in Ireland, at one of the "paid schools." The arrangement was that each pupil should pay for his own education. At the age of seventeen, in 1855, he left Ireland, and soon after landed in New York. He was em- ployed in Jersey City for a short time, and then moved to Long Island, and took charge of a farm. He remained on this farm for about eighteen months, and then left for Toronto. Shortly after his arrival he open- ed, on Queen street West, a wholesale and retail grocery, flour and feed store, in con- junction with a Mr. Brown. This partner- ship was dissolved in about a year ; and in 1860 Mr. West started in the coal and wood business, and in 1862 added groceries to his trade. In 1864 he became contractor for supplies, and in this branch he is at the present time. He has been a successful merchant, and accumulated a good deal of wealth. He, along with William Watson, a gentleman with whom he entered into partnership in 1876, owns the handsome property known as Occident Hall, corner of Queen and Bathurst streets, and in this building various of the West End societies meet weekly. Mr. West has served in the volunteer artillery, and at one time held the position of sergeant in the Field Battery. He received his discharge in 1865, having completed his eight years service. Mr. West is a Freemason, and stands high in the order. He was married on the 3rd of October, 1866, by Rev Dr. Grasett, to Mary Jane Boddy, of Toronto, by whom he has had seven children, four of whom are alive. In religion Mr. West is a Metho- dist ; but before his marriage he was a member of the Church of England. In politics he is a Conservative. It need hard- ly be said that Mr. West is highly regarded as an upright and worthy citizen. Wolfe, James, the conqueror of Que- bec, was born at Westerham, Kent, on the 15th of January, 1726. He was the son of Edward Wolfe, an officer in the British army. The following historical statement shows his connection with various expedi- tions against French holdings in the prov- inces now forming the Dominion of Canada. In 1758 he was sent, with the rank of brigadier-general, on the expedition against Cape Breton, in which Boscawen commanded the sea, and Amherst the land forces. The brunt of the French fire in landing before Louisbourg was borne by the left division CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 237 under Wolfe, the attacks by the centre and right divisions being mere feints to distract the enemy. In 1759, the memorable expe- dition which afterwards shed such lustre on the British arms, was fitted out against Quebec by Pitt, who had resolved to deprive the French crown of its most important settlements in America. The command of the sea forces was entrusted to Saunders ; the command of the land forces (7,000 men including provincials), to Wolfe. The expe- dition arrived at the Isle of Orleans on the 26th of June ; the fort of Niagara had been surrendered to the British under Amherst the day before. In August Wolfe issued a proclamation to the Canadian peasants, in- forming them that the forces were masters of the river ; while a powerful army, under General Amherst, threatened their country from the interior ; calling upon them to observe a strict neutrality during the struggle between the French and British crowns, and promising to protect them in their pos- sessions and in the exercise of their religion. These promises he most faithfully kept. Montcalm had concentrated all the forces he could raise in the province of Quebec, and had completed his fortifications in a masterly manner. The months of July and August were spent in repeated unsuccessful at- attempts to drive the French from their advantageous post at the Falls of Mont- morenci ; and here the British suffered a repulse, on attempting to effect a landing in the vicinity. On the night between the 12th and 13th of September, 1759, Wolfe landed his troops immediately above Quebec, and, favoured by the night, ascended the steep acclivities to the Plains of Abraham, which command that city from the west. Mont- calm, when he learned that the British were in possession of these heights, saw at once that nothing but a battle could save the city, and he took his measures accordingly. The battle was strenuously contested, but the French at length gave way. The car- nage was frightful ; both sides suffered severely ; but, from all accounts, we believe the French most; this is attributed to some negligence of the French officers, and to the feebleness of their men, who had long suf- fered from want. Indeed, the French gov- ernment never took much pains to retain so valuable a dependency. They never knew how precious Canada really was until they lost it. But to return to the fight. Both Montcalm and Wolfe fell in the action, and their seconds in command were both danger- ously wounded, and were obliged to leave the field before the fate of the day was de- cided. Montcalm lingered for a day or two; but the young, gallant and intrepid Wolfe, expired almost immediately. Tradition and history have it, that, while he lay wounded on the field of battle, the cry, " They run 1" arose along the line. As he was raised from the ground he asked, " Who run ? " " The French," was the reply. He seemed to feel satisfied; he had accomplished the purpose for which he had been sent. " The French !" (then he added) " I die happy !" And fall- ing down, he instantly expired. It is re- lated that while the boats were gliding along toward the landing whence the soldiers were to scale the hill and attack the French, that Wolfe, keeping time with his hand, in a low tone recited several stanzas from Gray's Elegy ; and that after he had finished, turning to some of the officers, he said, " Gentlemen, I would rather be the author of that poem than the conqueror of Quebec." On the plains of Abraham where this noble hero fell a monument stands to his memory, and Frenchmen, it is said, pass by it now without any feeling of bitterness. As if to salve their wounded feeling, in a public gar- den looking down upon lower town stands a double marble column, half of it to the memory of the English conquerors, the other half to do memory to the darling of la belle France and her sons in our own colo- nies, the heroic, grand-souled and chivalrous Montcalm. Sweetland, John, M. D., Ottawa, Sheriff of Carleton, is a son of Simon and Jane (Morris) Sweetland, and was born in the City of Kingston, Ontario, on the 15th August, 1835. Dr. Sweetland is descended from the Sweetlands of Exeter, Devonshire, England. He completed his education at Queen's College, in his native city, and in 1858 graduated from the medical depart- ment. Having obtained his diploma, he at once opened an office at Pakenham, Lanark county, Ontario, and began the practice of his profession. He set out in his professi- onal career to win ; his energy was untiring, his ability very marked, and naturally he soon found himself the master of a splendid practice. In addition to an active and useful career in his profession, Dr. Sweet- land has performed various important public duties, and has been identified with several conspicuous enterprises. For example, he has been coroner for the counties of Lanark and Renfrew; surgeon for Carleton county jail ; and surgeon for the County of Car- leton general hospital; he has also been sur- geon for the United Protestant benevolent society ; for the order of Foresters ; and of 238 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the order of Oddfellows. Dr. Sweetland in 1877, was elected president of the Ottawa Medico-Chirurgical Society ; he was presi- dent of St. George's Society seven years ; was for three years president of the Ottawa Reform Association ; is president of the Beechwood Cemetery Company ; and has been first vice-president of the Ottawa Ladies' College. He was commissioner during the construction of the Ottawa waterworks; and for many years held the position of director of the first and second Mutual Building so- cieties of Ottawa. Dr. Sweetland was for four years master of Doric Lodge, No. 58, Canadian registry. Dr. Sweetland was like- wise a member of the North American St. George's Union ; was chosen vice-president of that society in 1879, and president not long afterwards. In December, the doctor was appointed Sheriff of the County of Car- leton, and he still holds that office. In 1883 he was president of the Dominion Sanitary Association. Tn 1884 he became president of the Athletic Grounds Association of the City of Ottawa ; and he was elected presi- dent of the Rideau Club in March, 1884, and again in March, 1885. Sheriff Sweet- land is a member of the Episcopalian church, and a man of singularly blameless life. He has always shown the deepest possible in- terest in the advancement of moral move- ments and reforms, and is generally in the front of all Christian work. He has been twice married. On the first occasion he married Isabella, a daughter of Sheriff Dick- son, Kingston, Ontario. She died in 1872, leaving two daughters, Elizabeth J. and Selina Florence. He married again, in 1874, Catharine Blasdell, relict of the late Nicho- las Sparks, son of Nicholas Sparks, the founder of the City of Ottawa. By this union there are two children, John Blasdell and Caroline Florence. SHckinson, Moss Kent, M.P., for County of Russell, Ont., was born 1st June, 1822, in the village of Denmark, Lewis coun- ty, State of New York. He is the youngest, and only surviving son, of the late Barnabas Dickinson and Lydia Davenport. The former was born at Hatfield, Mass., U.S., 5th May, 1783 ; the latter at Spencer town, Conn., on the 1st June, 1793. Both are lineal de- scendants of tfie Pilgrim Fathers, who land- ed in New England from the Mayflower. Barnabas Dickinson came to Canada about the year 1812-13, and was the first contractor for the con veyance of the mails, then carried on men's backs, from Montreal westward. After the close of the war of 1812-15, he es- tablished the first line of public conveyance by boats and coaches between Montreal and Prescott. He was the founder of Dickin- son's Landing, on the St. Lawrence, then a stage station, now a prosperous and thriving town. About 1820 he transferred his Cana- dian business to his younger brother, the late Horace Dickinson, of Montreal, who. died of cholera in 1832. He then obtained several important mail contracts in the State of New York, and removed to the village of Denmark, where he connected his several stage lines with a line of passenger packets on the Erie canal, between Schenectady and Oswego. He returned with his family to Canada about 1827-28, and died at Cornwall of cholera in 1832. The widow and family removed to Prescott in 1833. Oursubject was educated at the common schools of Cornwall and Prescott, and at the academies of Low- ville and Denmark, State of New York. His studies were those required for a commer- cial calling. He has been a private of a juvenile corps, raised in defence of the fron- tier at Prescott, during the rebellion of 1837-38, and filled the same position in the Ottawa City Rifle corps, during the Fenian excitement of 1864-65. He left Prescott in the fall of 1838 for the State of Illinois, in the capacity of a merchant clerk, with the late Hiram Norton, ex-M.P. for the County of Grenville, in the old parlia- ment of Ontario; visited Chicago, which then contained only about 3,500 inhabitants, and now has a population of over 700,000, and returned to Prescott in 1840. From that year until 1844, he acted as clerk in the post office and custom house at Prescott; and then (1844) he commenced the forward- ing business on his own account, with one steamer and one barge, upon the St. Lawrence, Ottawa and Rideau rivers, ply- ing between Kingston and Montreal. This was prior to the completion of the St. Law- rence canals. He subsequently extended his line to Quebec and Lake Champlain, with branch offices at Kingston, Ottawa, Mon- treal, Quebec, Burlington, and Whitehall, his. fleet now consisting of sixteen steamers and sixty barges. In 1850 he freighted for the late Hon. Thos. McKay, half a million feet of sawn lumber, this being the first ship- ment to and the introduction of the Ottawa valley lumber trade into the United States, and was its total export for that year. This trade for 1884 showed a total export of 625,000,000 feet, of which about 400,000,000 found its way to U.S. markets via Lake Champlain. Also from 1850 to 1857 he was associated with the late J. M. Currier, ex-M.P. for Ottawa city, under the name of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 239 Currier & Dickinson, in the manufacture of sawn lumber at Ottawa. This firm was the first to open the Boston market to the lum- ber products of the Ottawa valley, and in 1852 forced, as it were, the first car load through by rail. He resided in Kingston from 3844 to 1848, in Montreal from 1848 to 1862, and at Ottawa from 1862 to 1869. He then severed his connec- tion with the forwarding trade, and re- moved to Manotick, on the Rideau river, fifteen miles from Ottawa, County of Rus- sell, now a flourishing village, of which he was the founder in 1859. This village has an extensive water power, and has various mills in operation. Mr. Dickinson was elected mayor of the City of Ottawa, in 1864, and was returned by acclamation the two succeeding years, 1865-66. During his term as chief magistrate, the confederation of the provinces was accomplished, and Ottawa became the permanent capital of the Dominion. At the general election of 1882, he was first nominated as the Conservative member for the County of Russell, in the Dominion Parliament, and was returned by a majority of 309. He cast his first parlia- mentary vote at Kingston in 1844 in favour of John A. Macdonald, now the Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, premier, and has continually since been allied in politics with the Conservative party, provin- cial and federal. In religion Mr. Dickinson is a Presbyterian. Mr. Dickinson married, in 1846, Elizabeth Mary, youngest daughter of the late William Trigge, of Toronto. She died in 1866, leaving two sons and two daughters. Moylan, James George, Ottawa, In- spector of Penitentiaries, for the Dominion of Canada, was born at Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland, in the year 1826. He is a son of Michael Moylan, a descendant of an old and prominent Cork family, which removed to Galway in the early part of the seventeenth century, and which included among its members several distinguished prelates, and also the dashing and brave dragoon of the American Revolution, Gene- ral Stephen Moylan ; and of Mary, daughter of George Bird, of Little Haywood, Stafford- shire. Our subject was educated at St Jar- lath's, Tuam, between the years 1838 and 1842, and at the Royal College, Maynooth, from 1842 to 1847. His course of studies comprised the humanities, rhetoric, belle lettres, natural philosophy, logic, meta- physics, ethics, etc. From the years 1851 to 1854 he resided in Washington, D. C., in connection with the Chilian Embassy, and as correspondent for several journals of the North as well as the South. From 1854 to 1856 he was attached to the staff of the New- York Daily Times. In 1858 he commenced the publication and editorial management of the Canadian Freeman. In 1869, at the joint request of the then premier, Sir John Macdonald, and the late Hon. J. C. Chapais, Minister of Agriculture, he undertook a mission to Ireland to advocate emigration from that country, in the interest of the Dominion. He remained there until the spring of 1872, and during his residence in Dublin, he published, in various leading journals, a series of papers on Canada, con- taining a fund of useful information, re- specting the government, resources, man- ners and institutions of the country, highly beneficial to intending emigrants. These letters were reproduced and much commend- ed by some of the principal newspapers in Canada. Mr. Moylan was instrumental in causing a considerable number of very de- sirable settlers to come to Canada, in pre- ference to the more distant colonies. Though often urged by men of prominence and position to enter public life, Mr. Moy- Ian's quiet habits and literary pursuits led him to avoid any further active participa- tion in politics than the support which he gave his party, through his journal and oc- casionally on the hustings. In 1872 he was appointed Director of Penitentiaries, and in 1875, on the abolition of the board, the late government offered him the position of Inspector, which he accepted, and still holds. During his term of office four new' penitentiaries have been opened, viz., St. Vincent de Paul, Manitoba, British Colum- bia and Dorchester (N. B,), the first, third and fourth named he inaugurated. In the performance of his duties he has visited all the provinces of the Dominion. The Peni- tentiary system, under his supervision, operates very satisfactorily, and can com- pare favourably with that of much older countries. Mr. Moylan's Annual Reports on Penitentiaries, to the Minister of Jus- tice, are valuable documents, full of experi- ence and practical knowledge of the sub- jects which he treats, and are always well received and favourably noticed by the por- tion of the press which takes an interest in penitentiary matters. He has been a steady and earnest advocate of prison reform, and has been the means of introducing several changes and improvements into the peniten- tiary administration which are important and advantageous. Mr. Moylan has been,, through life, a strict and staunch Roman 240 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ■catholic. He married Bessie, daughter of the late D. Markham, of Dunbeg, County Clare, and niece of "The O'Gorman" of the Causeway, Ennis, who was also uncle of Colonel " The O'Gorman" Mahon, M.P., Major Purcell O'Gorman, ex-M. P. for Waterford, and Judge Richard O'Gorman, of the Supreme Court, New York. He has a family of two daughters- Mr. Moylan is one of the most popular, and at the same time one of the most efficient officers in the public service. Smith, Hon. Sidney, Q.C., Cobourg, Postmaster-General from 1858 to 1862, was born at Port Hope, Upper Canada, on the 16th October, 1823. His grandfather, Elias Smith, was a United Empire loyalist, who adhered to the British standard through the American revolutionary war, and after- wards came to Canada, founding what is now the town of Port Hope. John David Smith, the father of the subject of this notice, was a member of the Legislative As- sembly of Upper Canada, from 1824 till 1827. James Smith, afterwards Judge of the County of Victoria, brother of Sydney Smith, twice represented Durham and once Victoria in the Legislature of Canada ; and another brother, J. Shuter Smith, also sat in parliament up to Confederation for the County of Durham. The education of Sid- ney Smith commenced under Archdeacon ■(afterwards Bishop) Bethune, at Cobourg ; was continued at the Home Grammar school, and ended under the care of the late Dr. Jonathan Short, of Port Hope. Studying law in the office of Smith (his brother, John Shuter,) & Crooks, he was admitted to the bar in 1844. The same year he commenced practice in Cobourg, where he soon became solicitor to the Commercial Bank, and suc- ceeded in establishing the largest business in the district. He also became solicitor to the Bank of Montreal, to the Midland Rail- way of Canada, and to the Commissioners for the Town Trust of Cobourg. His first law partner was his brother, John Shuter Smith, the partnership continuing until the latter was appointed master of the Court of Chancery, in 1850. Three years after he took in, as a new law partner, Mr. (now Hon. Justice) Armour. In 1862 Mr. Smith became a Queen's Counsel. He was elected municipal Councillor in 1853, for two places -the town of Cobourg, and the township of Hamilton, in which the town is situated. The election of warden, or presiding officer of the county councils, sometimes takes the shape of a political contest. Such was the case in 1853, when Mr. Smith was elected warden of the united counties of Northumberland and Durham, being reeve of the township of Hamilton. In 1854 Mr. Smith contested the west riding of Northumberland, against Col. D'Arcy E. Boulton, and was then first elected a member of the Legislative Aassembly. This was the first election that occurred after Mr. Hincks' bill, reforming the representa- tion in parliament, came into effect. Mr. Smith was twice elected for this constitu- ency. In these two latter elections he was opposed, in the first, by Mr. (afterwards Senator) Asa A. Burnham, and in the second by a Mr. Grimshaw ; and although the most strenuous efforts were made by the opposition, and the thunders of their press exerted against him to a greater extent than on any previous occasion, to cause his defeat, yet he was triumphantly returned, his opponent only polling a small number of votes. On his first entry into parliament, in 1854, Mr. Smith moved the address in reply to the speech from the Throne. He supported all the liberal measures, such as the secularization of the clergy reserves, etc., from the time of his advent into par- liament. In 1854 he was chairman of the so-called corruption committee. In this year he placed upon the statute book the Chattel Mortgage Act, which is still in force. Till 1856 he supported the coalition, of which Sir Allan Mac Nab was the head, and then he went into opposition, being dissatis- fied with the course pursued by Sir Allan in the leadership of the government, and when the latter had ceased to be able to discharge his duties, owing to ill health. At the close of the session in this year, Mr. Smith went to Germany for the benefit of his health, returning much improved. On the 2nd of February, 1858, Mr. Smith was appointed Postmaster-General, with a seat in the Cabinet; which office he held, with the ex- ception of the period of the ministerial crisis in 1858, when he became President of the Council and Minister of Agriculture, till the government resigned, in 1862, conse- quent upon defeat on the Militia bill. From 1858 to 1862 Mr. Smith was a member of the Board of Railway Commissioners. In 1858, Mr. Smith introduced and carried through parliament the Consolidated J ury Act for Upper Canada ; this Act, with the exception.of a few unimportant amendments, recently made in the local legislature of Ontario, being still the law. In the session of 1859, he moved and carried an address to the Queen, praying Her Majesty to recom- mend the Imperial Parliament to grant a CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 241 subsidy to the Canadian line of ocean steam- ers. In connection with the Atlantic mail arrangements, Mr. Smith covered himself with laurels. He succeeded in forming arrangements with the United States, France, Prussia, and Belgium, for the con- veyence of mail matter across the Atlantic in the Canadian steamers, and through Can- ada on the Grand Trunk Railway. By this he accomplished more for the benefit of Canada, than had any of his predecessors in office. He proved himself one of the best, if indeed not the best, Postmaster-General Canada has possessed, and one of the most able and efficient members of the govern- ment of the day. This is no fiction, as the beneficial results of his administration of the postal service go to prove. The duty Mr. Smith undertook, in proceeding to Europe, was not as an interested party in the Canadian steamers, but as a responsible min- ister, determined, as far as possible, to make his own department self-sustaining. Suc- ceeding to the position of Postmaster-Gen- eral, with a large balance against his department in the annual accounts, with little prospect of improving receipts in the inland revenue, he determined to make the best of what appeared, in a measure, a hope- less task. By curtailing the cost of home contracts, a considerable saving was effected; but the crowning act of Mr. Smith's ad- ministration was the ocean postal service. To show what he had to contend against in his two separate missions to Europe, it is only necessary to allude, first, to the freezing sort of sympathy he received from Lord Elgin, as English postmaster-general. The second and most painful discouragement which Mr. Smith met was in the of two of the best of the Canadian ocean steamers, within a few months of each other. Still our Canadian delegate was not to be daunted ; he knew that Lord'Elgin was not altogether omnipotent, and was far from being so considered in England. The mis- sion was prosecuted with zeal, and with de- termination such as had no parallel. The details of his scheme of ocean service, Mr. Smith was enabled to present to Prussia, the Netherlands, and France, in a light which at once commended approval. The revenue from the first Canadian ocean mail was fourteen shillings. After Mr. Smith's arrangement, in 1859, the mail freight in- cluded some forty bags, and by the later arrangements upwards of one hundred bags were carried by a single steamer. The prac- tical result of this was that, while the ocean mail subsidy in 1860 was nominally increased from £50,000 a year to £104,000, there was no actual increase of expenditure involved. Mr. Smith's arrangements, in other words, brought for the first year of their operation upwards of $200,000 into the exchequer. If to this we add that the annual balance of £40,000, which appeared against the post office when Mr. Smith assumed the reins, had disappeared, enough is said to show with what singular ability and success the postal interests of the country were admin- istered in his hands. In 1860 Mr. Smith settled that much-vexed question-the abolition of Sabbath labour in the post offices in Upper Canada. In the general election of 1861, Mr. Smith was defeated in West Northumberland, but he was shortly after elected to the Upper House for the important division of Trent. In 1863 he resigned his seat in the Legislative Council, and contested Victoria for the House of As- sembly, but was defeated. He now returned to the practice of his profession at Peterboro', where his wonted success at the bar waited upon him. During the progress of the elec- tion in 1874, for West Northumberland, in which he was a candidate for the House of Commons, Mr. Smith advocated advanced views in the matter of the franchise, pro- nouncing in favour of manhood suffrage, reciprocity of tariffs with the United States, representation of minorities, protection to Canadian industries, etc. On the 24th of November, 1866, he was appointed inspec- tor of registry offices for Upper Canada, being re-appointed to that office for the province of Ontario at Confederation, which position he still holds. In this capacity he has perfected the registry system of the pro- vince, to the entire satisfaction and to the admiration of every one concerned. Of late years Mr. Smith has lived in comparative re- tirement, yet it is not improbable that the voice of one who has so well proved his many qualifications for public life will be again heard in Parliament, Mr. Smith not having more than reached the age of ripened intellect and experience. During the visit of the Prince of Wales to Canada in 1860, while the royal party were staying at Co- bourg, His Royal Highness and suite were the guests of Mr. Smith, at his residence on the shores of Lake Ontario, between Port Hope and Cobourg. On the occasion of an ex- cursion on board the steamer Ploughboy, in 1859, in which the leader of the Govern- ment for Upper Canada, the Hon. (now Sir John A.) Macdonald and his colleagues, together with a party of friends, partici- pated, the steamer having become disabled. 242 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF by an accident to the steering apparatus, during a heavy wind storm on the lake, which caused great consternation among the excurtionists, and nearly resulted in the loss of the entire party. In connection with this incident a piece of plate in Mr. Smith's possession tells this story :-" Presented to Hon. Sidney Smith, Postmaster-General of Canada, in commemoration of his fearless behaviour and effective services, the admir- ation of all on board, in saving the steamer Ploughboy from wreck on the dangerous shores of Lake Huron, on the tempestuous night of Saturday, July 2nd, 1859-by one of the passengers." In 1844 Mr. Smith married Miss Bennett, of Cobourg, by whom he had several children, his eldest son, H. H. Smith, being commissioner of Dominion Lands, and chairman of the Land Board, at Winnipeg ; another son, Sidney Smith, jr., being a chief clerk in the Post Office de- partment at Ottawa. McCraken, Thomas, Toronto, was born in Bonaventure, Quebec, in 1835. His parents were James McCraken and Mary Mc- Craken. He came to this country in 1819, settling in Bonaventure, Quebec, and adopt- ed the business of lumbering and ship-build- ing. He was one of the largest and most extensive dealers and merchants in Quebec. At the time of the administration of Lord Gossford, as governor-general of Lower Canada, Mr. McCraken represented the County of Bonaventure in the parliament of that time, and it may be mentioned that, in order to attend to his parliamentary duties, he had to walk the distance of four hundred miles on snow shoes. At the time of the Mackenzie rebellion he raised a company of volunteers. In 1844, he removed to Ot- tawa, and -was one of the pioneers in the lumber trade on the Ottawa river. He died in 1862, leaving five sons and two daugh- ters. Mrs. McCraken is still alive, and re- siding in Toronto. Mr. McCraken, the sub- ject of this sketch, was educated at the pri- vate school of Mr. Wilkie, of Quebec, and finished his education in the Grammar School at Ottawa, then called By town, of which the present Judge Ross, of Ottawa, was principal. After leaving school, in 1850, he entered the employ of the large lumber firm of George B. Hall, of Quebec, on the Gatineau river. He afterwards went to Three Rivers, in the employ of Wm. Price & Co., of Quebec. In 1854, he left the lum- ber business and began banking in the Gore Bank, Hamilton, Upper Canada. In this institution he remained until 1869, when he entered the employ of the Royal Canadian Bank, and became general manager of the same in September, 1879. This position he continued to hold until 1876, but a short time afterwards resumed his former occupa- tion in the lumber business, in Toronto, and in this business he still continues. He holds the rank of adjutant in No. 2 troop, Went- worth cavalry, which troop had the honour of forming the escort to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, on his visit to Hamil- ton in 1860. Mr. McCraken is a director of the Land Security Company, formerly the Toronto House Building Association. He belongs to the Freemason order, and has held the office of assistant grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Canada. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and has been trustee and treasurer in Knox Church, Toronto, for some years. In politics he is an independ- ent. He was married, in 1862, to Helen Crawford, of Hamilton, and has a family of four children, three being alive. While in the Gore Bank, and before leaving their employ, Mr. McCraken was offered the po- sition of cashier in that institution, which he declined, owing to his accepting a position in the Royal Canadian Bank. Mr. .Mc- Craken acted as manager for the Gore Bank in London for some two years, and at the time of leaving Hamilton for London, to take the management of the branch there, he received an address from the citizens, and a testimonial from the Masonic bodies to which he belonged. On leaving London, he was also presented with a handsome il- luminated address by the citizens, and also was presented with a most handsome testi- monial from a number of his friends, at the time of the amalgamation of the Royal Ca- nadian and City banks. The presentation was made, on behalf of the donors, by the late Honourable George Brown. Fiddes, Alexander, Toronto, was born in Scotland, in the village of Aberlady, Haddingtonshire, in the year 1840. His parents were James Fiddes and Joan Thomp- son, daughter of David Thompson, a sea captain in the merchant service. Mr. Fiddes, sen., was a son of James Fiddes, an officer in the army. At an early age he went to sea, and followed the life of sailor until he was thirty years of age, when he returned home, married, and settled down in Aber- lady, and afterwards entered the service of the Earl of Wemyss, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1884. He left a widow who is still alive. Mr. Fiddes had ten children, five boys and five girls, Alexander, being the fourth child. Alex- ander Fiddes received a common school edu- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 243 cation, and after leaving school at the age of thirteen, went to sea in the merchant service, but soon after he abandoned sea life, and went to Edinburgh, and began to learn the trade of plumbing. He remained here in the employ of Hay & Addis for five years, when the firm closed business. He then en- listed into the Haddingtonshire Artillery, and served his full five years. He then left the army, and went to Glasgow, where he finished his trade in the shop of one John Lockhart. After a time he went to Belfast, and remained there for a year, working at his trade. He then went to Liverpool, where he remained for some six months. He afterwards went to Manches- ter, and different cities in Great Britain, and in 1862 returned to Ireland. He settledin Belfast, where he remained for some time. After which he removed to Greenock, Scot- land, where he remained for twelve months, then he once more returned to Belfast, and from thence, in 1873, sailed for America, landing in Toronto. Mr. Fiddes did not stay long in Toronto, but went on to Brantford, where he found employment in the work- shops of the Grand Trunk Railway. Some time after this he returned to Toronto, and worked with John Ritchie & Son, as plum- ber. In 1881, he formed a partnership with Henry Hogarth, and this firm now carries on successfully a plumbing and gasfitting establishment. In religion, Mr. Fiddes is an independent, and in politics, a Reformer. He was married, in 1862, to Elizabeth Boyd, daughter of Henry Boyd, of Belfast, Ire- land, and by this lady he has had seven of a family. Suite, Benjamin, Ottawa, President First Section Royal Society of Canada, was born at Three Rivers, Province of Quebec, on the 17th of September, 1841. He is the only living son of Benjamin Suite, who was owner and captain of a schooner which plyed between Quebec and Halifax, and Marie Lefebvre, whose ancestor was the first French settler at Baie du Febvre (Lefebvre's Bay, Lake St. Peter), in 1683. The first Suite (Jean) came to Canada as a soldier, in 1756, in one of the regiments under the com- mand of Montcalm. He settled in Three Rivers. Young Suite left the Friars' school at the age of ten, and since that day he never was one week at a time without a salary. At ten he could read, write and calculate well ; and by his connection with English speaking boys, he had a good knowledge of their language. He always devoted his evening hours to reading, and his read- ings are as a rule systematically chosen, but history has his preference. He does everything very quickly, because he never takes up work without first having carefully prepared the material for it, and he frames a plan of action for every detail. There, then, can be no delay, no misunderstanding, no remodelling of the work. At first he was a clerk in a dry goods establishment, then in a grocery store. He then became a book keeper with G. A. Gouin & Co., a large lum- bering firm. He subsequently became purser on board one of the vessels plying between Montreal and Three Rivers ; then we find him a merchant, selling clothing in connec- tion with the building of the Three Rivers and Arthabaska Railway ; then, again, as book-keeper at Gouin's. This brings us down to 1864. As he had made some name for himself in 1859, by writing in the news- papers, he was considered in 1864 as a future newspaper editor, i. e., a politician, but he never had any fancy for politics, and once in stating the fact, he concluded by saying, thank God that I never had. " So he con- tinued producing literary articles in prose and verse, in a regular Gatling gun shower. In 1863 two companies of infantry were or- ganized at Three Rivers, and M. Suite join- ed one of them ; and in 1865 his company (No. 1), was sent to the Niagara frontier, and he was made color-sergeant of it. On his return in July, he went to the military school, Quebec; then followed, as an edi- tor, the autumn session of Parliament, and in February next (1866), joined his company again at the Missisquoi frontier. In July, when the men returned home, he was called to Ottawa by L. N. Duvernay, proprietor of Le Canada, and he became the chief editor, as the Honourable E. Gerin was leaving for a tour in Europe. In those days a French paper in Ottawa was a large undertaking, because there was the whole valley of the Ottawa to attend to, whilst at present, Montreal, and even Quebec furnish reading matter in abundance, and hourly to the French population of that large region. On the 19th of November, 1867, M. Suite en- tered the service of the House of Commons, as one of its translators ; and on the 19th of May, 1870, he was removed from the House of Commons to the Department of Militia and Defence, where he is now em- ployed. He is a staunch Roman catholic. The societies in which he took an active part are as follow :-From 1861-65, president Cercle Litteraire, Three Rivers ; 1866, mem- ber (corresponding) of the Cercle Artistique and Litteraire, of Bruxelles, Belgium ; 1866, secretary Societe St. Jean Baptiste, Ottawa ; 244 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 1874-76, president Institut Canadien-Fran- cais, Ottawa. In 1875-76, the building at present occupied by that institution was erected at a cost of $23,000. In 1875, M. Suite became a member of the Literary and Historical Society, Quebec ; in 1876, a mem- ber (corresponding) Societe Normande de Geographic, Rouen, France ; in 1877, presi- dent of St. Joseph section Societe St. Jean Baptiste, Ottawa, and also president. of St. Thomas Benevolent Society, Ottawa ; in 1878, a member of the Societe Historique de Mont- treal, and State Historical Society of Wis- consin ; in 1879, a corresponding delegate VInstitution Ethnographique de France ; in 1882, a member of the Royal Society of Can- ada ; in 1883, president-general St. Jean Baptiste of Ottawa ; and in 1885, he was made president of the first section of the Royal Society of Canada. In the year 1878 he visited the New England states, and deliver- ed lectures in the French Canadian centres. Although he is a Conservative, since 1867 he has taken no part in political affairs. On the 3rd of May, 1871, he was married in Ottawa, to Augustine, youngest daughter of Ettienne Parent, Under-Secretary of State. With reference to his wife's sisters, we may state that Josephine, the eldest, mar- ried Antoine Gerin-Lajoie, one of the best French-Canadian writers ; and that the se- cond, Mathilde, married Evariste Gelinas, a brilliant journalist and a capital essayist. M. Parent was looked upon as the best news- paper editor that ever conducted a cam- paign in French Canada. Ettienne Henri Pa- rent, M. Suite's brother-in-law, is the chief engineer of the St. Lawrence canals, from Lake Ontario downwards. He studied in Pa- ris. Our subject, as his friends say, is rather full of fire ; ready to laugh, ready to fight. He never had a headache, and he has a voice which can fill any hall. His father was drowned 15th Nov.,1847, in the wreck of his vessel on the Gaspe coast. His mother is eighty, is in good health, no grey hairs yet. The first efforts of M. Suite in the field of literature, were verses published in 1859-60, under various noms de plume. Soon after, in 1861, he signed his own name, and at once attracted the attention of those whose taste made them attentive to the revela- tion of coming men. The Honourable P. J. O. Chauveau, secured his productions for Le Journal de I 'Instruction Publique, where he gave many good songs and patriotic verses. In 1864, was founded in Montreal La Revue Canadienne, and M. Suite immediately became one of the most regular collaborators of that publication ; and he is now the only one of the old stock on the list. There he printed in 1868 his first article on the ques- tion of the destruction of our forests, a sub- ject which at once made him known as a deep observer of the resources of Canada, and a strong prose writer. In 1870, appear- ed Les Laurentiennes, a very elegant volume, containing all the national and patriotic verses of M. Suite. In the same year was published the first part of the " History of Three Rivers," his native city. The luxur- ious style of publication adopted by the author frightened the public, and the sub- scription was meagre, but M. Suite only an- swered : " Wait, and you will pay five times the same amount of money for the same work in a few years." We are told he is sure of that result now. In 1873, was distributed in Europe a pamphlet, entitled Le Canada en Europe, a very sharp criticism by M. Suite, of the nonsense published in Europe about Canada. Several pamphlets appeared afterwards from his pen, such as "The History of the French-Canadians in Otta- wa," and "Notes on Early Travels in the North-West Territories." In 1876, he pub- lished Les Chants Nouveaux, a continuation of Les Laurentiennes. A good volume is the one published in 1876, under the title of Melanges d 'JListoire et de Literature, the whole is relative to Canada. Another book called Chronique Trifluvienne was printed in 1879, telling about the events which took place in Three Rivers, between the years 1640 and 1665. We have heard this work highly praised. In 1881, he published a large album, of unknown plans and sketches relat- ing to the 17th century on the St. Lawrence. The first volume of Histoire des Canadiens- Francais was published in 1882, and the 8th and last one in the spring of 1885. It covers the whole history of Canada, but deals prin- cipally with the settlers, and very little with other matters pertaining to the history of that country. Other works of M. Suite, such as large indexes to series of historical documents, have been put in circulation. We hear he is now preparing three volumes of his articles spread, since 1860, in various reviews, both in Canada, United States and France. Denison, Lt.-Col. George Taylor, of Bellevue, Toronto, was born at Dover- court, Harwich, England, 27th December, 1783. He was one of the earliest inhabit- ants of Toronto. His father, Captain John Denison, left England to settle in Canada in 1792, and after living four years in King- ston, came to Toronto in 1796. Lt.-Col. Denison served in the war of 1812 as an CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 245 officer in the York Volunteers. In 1822 he organized the volunteer cavalry troop now known as the Governor-General's Body Guard. He maintained this corps at con- siderable expense from 1822 till 1837, when he commanded it during the rebellion. He was appointed to the command of the West York Militia in 1838. His eldest son, the late Lt.-Col. Richard L. Denison, command- ing the cavalry troop in the second rebellion of 1838. He was a member of the first council for the City of Toronto, and for many years represented St. Patrick's ward in it. He died in 1853. His first wife, Esther Borden Lippincott, was the only child of Captain Richard Lippincott, a pro- vincial U. E. loyalist officer, from New Jer- sey, who left the United States after the con- clusion of the war of the revolution, and after a stay of some years in New Bruns- wick, settled near Toronto, in the township of York. Denison, Colonel George Taylor, of Rusholme, Toronto, the second son of this name, was born at Bellevue, Toronto, 17th July, 1816. He was educated at U. C. Col- lege, studied law, and was called to the bar in 1840. Although a lawyer by profession, the energies of his life were devoted to the volunteer service. In 1837 he served at the battle of Gallow's Hill, and the winter march to Scotland village, Canada West. In the siege of Navy Island he took a prom- inent part, and was one of the officers who obtained the information which led to the capture and destruction of the steamer Car- oline. In 1838 he was appointed lieutenant in the cavalry troop raised by his father, now called the Governor-General's Body Guard, and in 1846, obtained command of it. In 1855 he took an active part in organ- izing the militia under the new law passed that year, which was the foundation of the present military system of Canada. He brought a squadron of cavalry into the new force, and shortly afterwards organized the Toronto Field Battery, and in 1860 at the request of Sir Edmund Head, he organized the Queen's Own Rifles, and was appointed commandant of the volunteer force of the 5th and 10th militia districts. He was gaz- etted to the rank of full colonel in October, 1860, and from that time he was the senior officer in the province of Ontario. He may fairly be considered the founder of the vol- unteer force in Toronto, having organized the cavalry, artillery, and rifles. He was for many years an aiderman for St. Patrick's ward in the City of Toronto, was vice-pres- ident of the York Pioneers, and for a long time a member of the Synod of the Church of England. He died on the 30th of May, 1873. Denison, Lieutenant - Colonel George Taylor, of Heydon Villa, To- ronto. To those who think of the law of heredity, there is probably in Canada no more noticeable instance of its continuity, than the subject of the following sketch. " The child is father of the man," as Wordsworth says, but the child is the son of its father as well, and the leanings and temperament stored up in a family seem, with occasional lapses and variations, to be as surely transmitted from father to son, as the lineaments of form and face. This law of heredity is, perhaps, more undeviating in families of military disposition than in any others. The organizing faculties, the in- stinct of obedience and of command, and the toughness and endurance inseparably asso- ciated with the military character, are not less likely to be transmitted than more irregular and impressionable qualities. Genius, it is said, is not hereditary ; and, limiting this term strictly to the creative mind, in the ideal world of poetry and art, the saying is a correct one. But, in the wider acceptation of the term, it applies to special ability in other spheres of mental activity, and, in this sense, its appearance may reasonably be looked for in a family distinguished for generations by a particular taste. That it is possessed by the subject of our sketch, will not be denied by any Canadian who is proud of his country's ad- vancement, and of the intellectual achieve- ments of its sons. Hitherto Canada has furnished but few opportunities for the ex- ercise of military ability-a happy circum- stance, in the opinion of those who look upon war as an unmixed evil, and to be avoided even at the cost of national dis- honour. But history proves that wars are often unavoidable, unless at the cost of national existence. Aggrandizement and injustice are not yet eliminated from the polity of nations, nor ambition, sedition, and wild-justice from the thoughts of indi- viduals, and wars will not likely cease until human nature casts out its faults. As we have said, Canada has, until recently, been a restricted military arena, and it is sur- prising that, under depressing conditions, her military spirit has been kept alive. But she is now the conscious mistress of half a continent, with enlarged interests, and a weighty future, wherein may arise more than one struggle for existence. The Do- minion has been rudely awakened to a 246 A CYCLOPEDIA OF knowledge of the fact that, like other coun- tries, she must sustain her national reputa- tion by force, and be prepared to cope with dangers from within as well as from with- out. The late momentous rebellion in the North-west has dispelled the indifference with wThich many Canadians looked upon their citizen-soldiers ; and it is now seen how much the Dominion owes to men who, in the face of apathy, and even ridicule, kept alive, often at their own expense, that volunteer organization which saved the Do- minion in its hour of peril. The Canadian volunteer, wedded, as a rule, to civil em- ployment, cannot be expected to make an extensive study of military science, or con- tribute largely to its literature. The sub- ject of this sketch, however, has, in a re- markable manner, exemplified what may be accomplished by a native Canadian of gen- uine talents and industry, and has proved that the man who can rightly apply them may successfully compete with experienced offi- cers in the old world, and win a prominent place as a military writer in European re- pute. Lieutenant-Colonel George Taylor Denison wras born at Bellevue, Toronto, on the 31st of August, 1839, and is the eldest son of the late Colonel George T. Denison, of Rusholme, in the same city. His great grandfather, Captain John Denison, of the 2nd West York Regiment, England, came to Canada in 1792, and settled in Toronto in 1796. On the mother's side, Lieut.-Colonel Denison is of U. E. loyalist descent. His great grandfather, Captain Richard Lippin- cott, of New Jersey, was a prominent up- holder of the British interest. Lieutenant- Colonel Denison was educated at Upper Can- ada College, and is an LL.B, of the Univer- sity of Toronto. He was gazetted to the active militia in 1855 as cornet, was made a major in 1862, and was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Governor-Gen- eral's Body Guard in 1866, which rank and command he still holds. In 1861, he was called to the bar, and on the 20th January, 1863, married Caroline Macklem, daughter of the late Oliver T. Macklem, of Chippewa, Ontario. She died on the 26th February, 1885. Lieutenant-Colonel Denison served in the City Council, as aiderman for St. Pat- rick's ward, during the years 1865-66-67. In 1866, he served during the Fenian raid, and commanded the outposts on the Niagara river, in the fall of that year, under Colonel Wolseley. In 1872, and again in the follow- ing year, he was sent to England as special commissioner, to represent the Ontario gov- ernment in emigration matters. In 1872, he contested Algoma for the House of Com- mons, but was defeated by the Hon. J. B. Robinson. In 1877, he was appointed police magistrate for the City of Toronto, and in 1885 he served in the North-west rebellion. His literary works are as follow: 1. "Man- ual of Outpost Duties," published in Toronto in 1866. 2. " History of the Fenian Raid," Toronto, 1866. 3. " Modern Cavalry," London, England, 1868. This work, tran- slated into German, was published at Mun- ich in 1869. It was also translated into Russian, and published at St. Petersburg, in 1872, by order of the present Czar. It was also translated into Hungarian, and published at Buda-Pesth in 1880. In 1874, the Emperor of Russia offered prizes for the best " History of Cavalry." Lieu- tenant-Colonel Denison competed, and was awarded the first prize of five thousand rou- bles. He visited St. Petersburg on this occasion, and was presented to the Emperor and Empress of Russia. This work, like the former, has been translated into Russian, German, and Hungarian. This is a work of great value, and is a standard authority on its subject in Europe. He received for it from Lord Dufferin a bronze medal, (honoris causa). In 1882, Lieutenant-Colonel Den- ison was appointed an original member of the English literature section of the Royal Society of Canada, and, during his absence in the North-west,, in 1885, was elected president of the section. Lieutenant-Colonel Denison was a Conservative in politics until the Red River rebellion, in 1870, when, dis- satisfied with the conduct of the govern- ment in their treatment of Riel, and their apathy in reference to the punishment of the murderers of Thomas Scott, he opposed them, and contested Algoma in the Reform interest in 1872. Denison, I>t.-Colonel Frederick Charles, C.M.G., is the second son of the late Colonel George Taylor Denison, of Rusholme, Toronto. He was born 22nd Nov., 1846 ; was educated at Upper Canada College ; studied law, and was called to the bar in 1870. He served in the administra- tive battalion at Niagara for some months in 1865, as lieutenant, and, on the 20th August, of the same year, was gazetted cor- net in the Governor-General's Body Guard, in which capacity he served during the Fe- nian raid of 1866, on the Niagara frontier. He was gazetted lieutenant on the 6th De- cember, 1867, and served as orderly officer to Lord Wolseley, on the Red River expe- dition of 1870, and was mentioned in despatches. He was appointed captain in CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 247 1872, major in 1876, and lieutenant-colonel in 1884. On August 26th, 1884, Lord Wol- seley telegraphed to the Governor-General to organize and send to Egypt a force of Canadian voyageurs, to aid him in the cam- paign in the Soudan for the relief of General Gordon, and suggested that the command should be given to his former orderly officer, who had acquired considerable experience in river navigation in the Red River expe- dition of 1870. Lord Lansdowne tele- graphed the offer to Colonel Denison, it was accepted, and Colonel Denison at once set about the task, and on the loth September, 1884, the contingent sailed from Quebec. The valuable service rendered by the Cana- dian boatmen was acknowledged on all hands. Colonel Denison accompanied Gen- eral Earle's column, and took part in the battle of Kirbekan. He was mentioned in despatches by Lord Wolseley, and also by Lord Hartington, who moved the vote of thanks to the troops in the House of Com- mons. For his services in this campaign, he was made a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. On his return from the Soudan, he was attacked with enteric fever, and was detained a long time in hospital at Cairo. This prevented him from returning to Canada in time to take part in the North-west campaign with the Governor-General's Body Guard, of which he is the second officer. He is the author of the ' ' Historical Record of the Governor- General's Body Guard," with its standing orders, and is a Fellow of the Royal Histor- ical Society of England. He represented St. Stephen's ward, as aiderman, for the years 1878-79-80-81-83-84, and for two years was chairman of the executive committee. He is a Conservative. He married J ulia Macklem, second daughter of the late Oliver T. Macklem, of Chippewa, Ontario, on 22nd April, 1874. Brook, Joseph, Simcoe, was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, on the 16th April, 1842. His parents were Richard and Martha Coates. Richard Brook was a wool- len manufacturer in the village of Putsey, Yorkshire. In 1847 he set out for America, and settled in New York state, where he re- sumed his old manufacturing business. After repeated removals from place to place in the U. States, he decided to try his fortune in Canada. In 1862, he was appointed manager of the weaving department of the Port Dover, (Norfolk county), woollen mills. He re- mained at Port Dover three years, and then proceeded to Simcoe. Here he commenced business for himself, taking into partner- ship his son, Joseph, the subject of this memoir. The firm was known as R. Brook & Son, and went largely into the manufacture of cloths, flannels, tweeds, yarns, etc. Mr. Brook, senior, died in 1872, and the business was continued by the sons. Mrs. Brook is still living. Joseph Brook was educated in the State of New York. When he reached his twelfth year, he entered the employ of a woollen manufac- turer, and he acquainted himself with the business, and here remained until 1864. He then came to Canada, and joined his father in business. In 1883, he erected a mill for the manufacture of worsted yarns, and formed a j oint stock company, with a cap- ital of $30,000. Mr. Brook was appointed manager of the enterprise, and holds the position up to the present time. When the mill had been erected, this enterprising com- pany at once ordered machinery from Eng- land, and commenced the manufacture of all kinds of woollen goods ; and, from the first day that the wheels began to revolve, it has carried on a very successful business. The products of the establishment go to every part of Canada, and the quality of the goods is a credit to our young country. The company employs fifty hands the year round. Mr. Brook's own mills, already re- ferred to, carry on a large and profitable trade ; but*, of course, its relations are of a local nature. Mr. Brook is a Freemason, being junior warden of Norfolk Lodge, No. 10, A. F. & A. M., and is likewise a mem- ber of the Ancient Order of United Work- men. He is a Methodist, and a Liberal- Conservative. Mr. Brook married, in 1864, daughter of Amos and Elizabeth Barber, of the City of Auburn, New York state. Mr. Barber came to Canada about five years ago, and established woollen mills at Port Elgin, Ontario, where he now carries on operations, his firm being known as A. Barber A Sons Verral, George W., Aiderman, To- ronto, was born on the 5th March, 1829, in Seaford, Sussex, England. Being of a deli- cate constitution, he was not sent to school until he was about twelve years of age, and then he entered a private boarding school in the town of Lewis, the principal being Mr. Button, and at the school he remained for about two years, and received a fair common school education. After leaving school he paid a short visit home, and at the age of fourteen, he sailed for Canada, and landed in Toronto in 1842. On his arrival, Mr. Verral, who had been reared in comfort, was obliged to begin at gardening in sum- 248 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF mer, and to drive a team in winter. After remaining at this business for some time he went to the village of Weston, in 1845, and worked on a farm for Mr. Downey, for the purpose of learning the system of farming in Canada. He remained for about one and a half years, and, in 1847, returned to Toronto. Having now a great desire to deal in horses, he took charge as manager of some of the principal stables in Toronto, and for some time continued at this business. He then entered employ of the Grand Trunk contractors' surveyors, and remained with them for five years. Once again the desire for horse-dealing grew upon him, and about the year 1855, he bought a cab and appur- tenances, and established himself in the cab and livery business. From that date he has continued in this business, and has at the present time one of the largest coupe, cab and livery establishments in the City of To- ronto. In 1884, Mr. Verral was elected aiderman for St. George's ward, and in 1885 was re-elected by acclamation. He has been a member of St. George's Society for some years. About the year 1865 he returned to the old country on a pleasure trip, taking with him one of his children, George W. Verral, who remained in England for about nine years, and coming back in 1874, he concluded his studies at the Commercial College, Toronto. Again, in 1882, Mr. Ver- ral crossed the ocean, and visited points of interest in England and Scotland. In re- ligion he is a member of the church of Eng- land. In politics he is a Reformer. He married, in 1855, Ann Farley, of Toronto, by whom he has had eight children. The eldest is George W. Verral, who now assists in the management of the business with his father. In 1884 Mr. Verral opened another stable on Queen street east, Toronto, and has placed his second son, Charles E. Ver- ral, in charge thereof. In public life Mr. Verral is a great favourite, and through his kindly manners, has in social life many friends. His career has always been upward and onward. Bagot, Sir Charles, Baronet, G.C.B., was born on the 23rd of September, 1781, at Blithfield, in the County of Stafford, where, since a period prior to the Norman conquest, his ancestors had lived. He was the second son of William, Lord Bagot, and Louisa, daughter of Viscount St. John, brother and heir of the celebrated Boling- broke, whom Pope addresses in his opening of the " Essay on Man." He married Lady Mary, daughter of the third Earl of Morn- ington, brother of the Duke of Wellington, by whom he left three sons and five daugh- ters. Sir Charles entered public life in 1806, as Under-Secretary of State for foreign affairs, at the time when Mr. Channing held the seals of that department in the Duke of Portland's administration. In 1814 he was sent on a special mission to Paris ; he was afterwards appointed successiory plenipo- tentiary to the United States, and ambas- sador to St. Petersburg and the Hague. When Lord Amherst returned from India, he was offered the viceroyship, but ill health forbade his acceptance of the office. In 1811 he was requested by the Earl of Derby (then Lord Stanley), to undertake the governorship of the British North American colonies, which office he accepted, entering on his duties on the 10th of Janu- ary, 1842. When the Liberals heard that he was coming they put up their hands in dismay. Sir Charles was a tory, and this was the time when responsible government wras trembling in the balance ; and the tories who thought that if power got into the hands of the people, the country would run into anarchy and ruin, put up their hands in gratitude when he landed ; but Sir Charles was not a weak man like Sir Francis Bond Head, who followed those who were nearest to his ear. He set himself to work to ascertain the political condition of the country, and to see if the Liberal party had any grounds for the complaints of evil treatment which they had been so persistently making. And his investi- gation led him to the belief that they had grounds ; therefore, in choosing his ad- visers, he took into, his confidence represen- tatives from the French province who hith- erto had been studiously ignored, and re- formers from Upper Canada, with the wise and high-minded Robert Baldwin at their head. When the tories saw this they were covered with consternation, and muttered in great trepidation that the Christian had turned Turk. Under his regime Mr. Hincks was inspector-general; Mr. Baldwin, attor- ney-general west; M. Lafontaine, attor- ney-general east; M. Morin, commissioner of crown lands, and Mr. Aylwin, solicitor- general. Unfortunately, at that time, for Canada, this wise and best of statesmen did not see the end of his full term. In 1843 his health so failed him that he asked to be recalled, and he was succeeded by Sir Charles Metcalfe. Sir Charles Bagot died a few months after his re turn, to England, leaving a name that was unblemished, and one that ought never to be forgotten by any true Canadian. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 249 Power, Patrick, late of Halifax, was born at Kilmacthomas, in the County of Waterford, Ireland, on the 17th March, 1815. He was the eighth child, and second son of Lawrence and Katharine Power of Kilmacthomas, and was the youngest of the family who reached mature age-a sister who was younger than he having died when a girl. He emigrated to Nova Scotia when only eight years of age, being preceded by his father and some of the elder children, while the remainder went from Waterford to Halifax in the same ship with himself. He lived in Halifax with one of his sisters for some years, and went to school. After- wards, while yet a boy, he went to An- tigonish, where his elder brother, David, was settled, and where he pursued his studies somewhat further. His education was of the kind at that time bestowed by ordinary En- glish schools. In or about the year 1832 he went into business in Halifax, as a merchant, in company with a brother-in-law, named Ring. The co-partnership did not last very long, and Mr. Power, after its dissolution, went into business for himself. In October, 1840, he married Ellen, the eldest child of John and Katharine Gaul, a native of the City of Waterford, whose parents had em- igrated while she was still an infant. Mr. Power carried on an extensive business as a merchant from a period, some three years before his marriage, up to the date of his death. For some years the struggle against difficulties was severe, but the obstacles were surmounted ; and during the last twenty years of his life, he was in easy circumstances. For some years before his death he was a director of the People's Bank of Halifax. At an early age Mr. Power began to take an interest in public affairs, and even before his marriage was a decided and active member of the Liberal party, at that time led by Hon. Mr. Howe. In 1848 he was appointed a justice of the peace for the County of Halifax. He also served a term of three years as alder man for Ward No. 1 of the City, his term beginning on October 1st, 1851. He was appointed a com- missioner of the Poor Asylum and Pro- vincial and City Hospital, in or about the year 1857, and continued to serve until the abolition of the Board of Commissioners in 1874. He served as a commissioner of schools for the City of Halifax for several years, and upon his resignation, in the autumn of 1869, was succeeded by his son, who occupied the position for ten years. Mr. Power was for very many years a prominent and active member of the Charitable Irish Society of Halifax, in which body he filled at different times various offices, including the presidency. When the difficulties occurred, which led to the withdrawal by the Roman catholics of their allegiance from the Liberal leaders, it was with much difficulty that Mr. Power elected to side with the mass of his co-religionists. He saw that there were faults on both sides, and knew that, if harsh things were said and written on the one side, there had been not a little provo- cation from the other. While he always took a deep interest in politics, he had no wish to occupy any recognized public posi- tion, and being constitutionally retiring, and somewhat nervous, shrank from speaking in public, or even appearing on platforms at large gatherings. Owing to his lack of am- bition and retiring disposition, and possibly to some extent to a feeling that attention to his legislative duties would be inconsistent with a due regard to the interests of his varied and extensive business, Mr. Power declined a nomination for the County of Halifax, at a time when the nomination was equivalent to an election. He was, how- ever, forced from his voluntary retirement by the agitation that arose in Nova Scotia, upon the publication of the proceedings of the union conference held at Quebec in 1864. As most of the prominent pol- iticians in the province favoured the con- federation scheme, the opposition to it was of necessity championed by the business men. Meetings were held, an anti-confed- erate organization was established, and its members set vigorously to work to defeat what they regarded as a pernicious and un- patriotic scheme. In this organization and agitation, Mr. Power was prominent and active, and took part in some public meet- ings. When the union was an accomplished fact, he hesitated long to yield to the wishes of his co-labourers in the popular cause, and become a candidate for the House of Commons. While he was in this state of indecision, an offer of a seat in the Legis- lative Council of Nova Scotia was made to him, subject to no condition whatever. Mr. Power might continue to be an anti-confed- ate, and to work with his old political friends if he chose. But he knew that the object was to remove all possibility of his becoming a candidate at the approaching election, and it was generally understood, that if he were removed from the field, Doc- tor (now Sir) Charles Tupper would be one of the government candidates for the County of Halifax. At the same time that the seat in the Council, either for himself or his son, 250 A CYCLOPEDIA OF subject only to the condition that Mr. Power should not become a candidate at the elec- tion, was placed at his disposal, an intima- tion was made from a very influential quar- ter that a refusal to accept the offer, made on behalf of the government, would be fol- lowed by serious consequences to himself and his family. Mr. Power promptly de- clined the offer, and from that time forward there was no hesitation on his part as to his candidature. In September, 1867, his colleague, Mr. Jones, afterwards min- ister of militia, and he were, notwith- standing very extraordinary measures taken to secure their defeat, elected by a hand- some majority over the government candi- dates for the representation of the County of Halifax in the House of Commons. After the overwhelming defeat of the unionist party at the general election of September, 1867, a convention of the victorious candi- dates for the Commons and Local Assembly was held in Halifax. The necessary steps were taken to form a local government, and some consideration was given to the course most desirable to be pursued by the Do- minion members elect. Mr. Howe, Mr. Annand and Mr. Jared C. Troop were about proceeding on a delegation to England to make an effort to secure a repeal of the union, the enactment of which the petitions •of the people of Nova Scotia had been un- able to prevent, and it was suggested that the case of the delegates would be not a little strengthened if the members chosen to the House of Commons refrained from attending the then approaching session of the Dominion Parliament. Only three members were prepared to adopt the course indicated. They were Mr. Carmichael, of Pic- tou ; the late Mr. Chipman, of Kings, and Mr. Power. After the failure of the repeal delegation, Mr. Power allied himself to the Liberal party in the House of Commons, but was never what is known as a thick and thin supporter of his leaders. He always felt that confederation was a bad thing for the Province of Nova Scotia at large, and for the City of Halifax in particular ; so that while he gave a general support to the Lib- eral leaders, it was simply to him a choice of the less of two evils, and his sentiments to- wards the two great parties of Canada were not unlike those entertained by Mercutio towards the Capulets and Montagues. A remarkable instance of his independence was afforded by his conduct with respect to the Washington Treaty. When that meas- ure was before the House of Commons, Mr. Power, feeling convinced that the effect of the treaty upon his own province would be good, did not hesitate to sever himself from his party, and delivered a speech in favour of the adoption of the treaty, which showed a more intimate practical knowledge of its probable working in the Lower Provinces, than any other which was made on that occasion. In 1872 Mr. Power and his col- league, Mr. Jones, were defeated at the gen- eral election, but were again elected in 1874. Mr. Power, who had been delicate from in- fancy upward, had a serious attack of illness in the autumn of 1877, from which he never altogether recovered, and his parliamentary friends noticed, during the session of 1878, that a marked change had taken place in him. The urgent solicitations of his political allies and supporters induced him, much against his will, to become a candidate at the general election of that year ; and the minister of militia and he were overwhelm- ed by the tidal wave which then swept over the Dominion. His own defeat did not cost Mr. Power a pang, as he had lost most of his interest in matters of earth, and turned his thoughts more and more upon spiritual things with each succeeding year. His life after 1878 offers nothing to the chronicler that would possess much interest to the reader. His vital powers gradually failed, and he passed away calmly, and almost without pain, on the 23rd of Feb- ruary, 1881, within three weeks of the close of his sixty-sixth year. By his will, he left the greater portion of his property for religious and charitable purposes in connec- tion with the Roman catholic church, of which he had always been a zealous and ac- tive member. When the charitable society of St. Vincent de Paul was established in Halifax, Mr. Power joined it, and continued his membership for the thirty years which intervened between that date and his death. His charity was of the broadest and best kind. His gifts were limited to no place or creed, and were largely of the kind mentioned in Scripture, done in secret. As a consequence of his general mode of life, and of his many gifts for charitable and religious purposes, Mr. Power was, on the 19th of July, 1870, made a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great, by Pope Pius IX. In politics and in business, Mr. Power's course was characterized by caution, acuteness, sound judgment, originality, independence and tenacity of purpose. His moral record was without a blemish ; and if in domestic and social life he had any defect, it was that of showing much less than he felt. By his CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 251 marriage, above-mentioned, Mr. Power had eight children, five sons and three daughters. His eldest child, and only surviving son, is a member of the Senate of Canada, having been called to that body in February, 1877. His second son, John, died in infancy. His eldest daughter, Katharine, became a re- ligious of the order of the Sacred Heart, and died at Manhattanville in April, 1871. His third son, Patrick, was lost in the steamship, City of Boston, in the winter of 1870, to- gether with Mr. Barron, a business partner of Mr. Power's. The fourth son, Edmund, died at St. Mary's Jesuit College, Montreal, in April, 1866, from the effects of a fall on the playground, being then fifteen years and a half old. The youngest son, David, died when about three years and a half old. Mr. Power's second daughter, Mary, is the wife of Judge Mclsaac, of Antigonish, and his third daughter and youngest child, Ellen, is a religious of the Sacred Heart, and is at present stationed at Atlantic City, New Jersey. Mrs. Power, who survived her husband, is still alive and in the enjoyment of comparatively robust health. Curry, Geo. Calvin, Picton, Ontario, was born in the County of Prince Edward, on the 10th of March, 1825. He is a son of William Curry and Harriet Hill. His father was a native of County Down, Ire- land, and his mother was a descendant of a U. E. loyalist family, and belonged to Prince Edward. The family settled in the township of Helliwell, in 1820. The family of the worthy couple numbered eighteen children, ten sons and eight daughters, George being the second child. He remained upon his father's farm until he was fourteen years old, when he was indentured as clerk to D. B. Stevenson, general merchant of Picton. Prior to entering this employ, he had at- tended the Grammar school at Picton, and obtained a good English education. He remained with Mr. Stevenson for five years, the term set in his indentures, after which he taught school for several years in the adjacent townships. Some time after he re- linquished the profession of teacher, to take charge of the business of S. Wilson & Son, anufacturers of farming implements, at Pictou. This engagement lasted for several years, and then Mr. Curry purchased a half interest in the works carried on by the late David Baker, and the firm became known as Baker & Curry, manufacturers of farming implements. In this business Mr. Curry continued for five years, when he sold out his interest in it, and joined as a partner with W. P. Reynolds, in a mercan- tile business, under the name of Curry & Reynolds, which was carried on with good success for nineteen years. In 1882, how- ever, Mr. Curry sold his interest to his partner, and retired from active business. He then accepted the office of police magis- trate for the County of Prince Edward, and this position he still holds, discharging his duties with unmistakable ability and gen- eral satisfaction. Mr. Curry has held various offices in municipal affairs. In 1873 he was warden of the county, was reeve of the town of Picton for several terms, and coun- cillor for many years. He has been a jus- tice of the peace for nearly forty years. To Mr. Curry is largely due the credit of con- structing the town hall and county offices, all of which are a credit to the county, and monuments to the public spirit of its citi- zens. While in partnership with Mr. Rey- nolds Mr. Curry engaged in shipbuilding on his own account solely ; and he built several schooners which are now engaged in lake traffic, and he still owns an interest in some of them. Mr. Curry has always been a staunch supporter of Reform principles, and is now looked upon as a leader in the ranks of that party. He is an adherent of the Methodist church, which was the church of his fathers. He married on the 14th April, 1857, Catherine Richards, a daughter of John Richards, a farmer of the township of Helliwell, and a descendant of old U.E. loyalist stock. By this lady he has three surviving children, two sons and one daugh- ter, The eldest is in business as a druggist at Gore Bay, Manitoulin Island. The daugh- ter married the Rev. J. M. Hodson, B. A., a minister of the Methodist church of Canada. The youngest son resides with his parents. Walsh, Michael, Barrister-at-Law, Ingersoll, Ontario, was born in Ingersoll, County of Oxford, on the 25th of November, 1838. His parents were John Walsh and Jane Crotty. They came from Nenagh, Ireland, and settled in Ingersoll in 1832. Young Walsh was educated at the Inger- soll public and grammar schools, and upon completing his educational studies, he en- tered the law office of James McGaughey, LL.B., in 1861. He pursued his studies here for four years, when he proceeded to To- ronto, and entered the office of the Hon. Stephen Richards, where he remained for a year, completing his course. After being admitted to the Bar he was in the office of Mr. Spencer for one year ; and then re- turned to Ingersoll, where he entered into partnership with Mr. McGaughey, under 252 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the name of McGaughey & Walsh. This partnership lasted till 1878, since which time he has conducted business in his own name only. During the Trent difficulty Mr. Walsh was a private in the Ingersoll Infantry Company. He attended the Lon- don Military school in 1865, and took a cap- tain's certificate under the 16th Regiment of Foot. He was summoned to the first en- campment of cadets at Laprairie, in Sep- tember, 1865, for three weeks drill and inspection. The camp was composed of 1,100 military cadets, divided into three battalions ; two of these were English and one French-speaking ; and these afterwards became the officers of the volunteer force of Ontario and Quebec. We may say that our subject left school in his twenty-fourth year ; and in later life he held the position of school trustee for some years. He is a director and also the secretary of the Ingersoll and Thamesford Gravel Road Company, In 1869 he joined the Freemasons, in King Hiram Lodge, Ko. 37, Ingersoll, and be- came junior warden. In 1884 he became master of the lodge, and this position he still holds. He has visited the old country, spending, in 1875, six weeks in Ireland, and visited the most important points. Mr. Walsh is an Episcopalian, and a Liberal- Conservative. He always has taken a zealous part in the cause of his own poli- tical party, and has for four years been secretary of the Liberal-Conservative Asso- ciation of South Oxford. Mr. Walsh, senior, we may add, was a farmer in Canada. Mrs. Walsh came of a prominent old Irish family. Her father, Mr. Crotty, was descended, on the mother's side, from a Spanish family named Antony, who settled in the south of Ireland a couple of centuries before. The late Colonel Crotty was a member of the same family. Miss Crotty married the father of our subject in Canada, and she is still alive, and in the enjoyment of excellent health. During the rebellion of 1837, Mr. Walsh, senior, took an active part on the loyalist side as sergeant in Her Majesty's forces. He is still alive, and enjoys good health, though now verging upon his eight- ieth year. There was a family of eight children, of whom our subject was the eldest. Wood, John Fisher, M. P., Brock- ville, was born in the township of Elizabeth- town, County of Leeds. Ontario, on the 12th October, 1852. Mr. Wood comes of a good, sturdy Scotch stock upon his father's side, he being John Wood, a railroad contractor, who came from Dundee, Scotland, and set- tied at Brookville. Mr. Wood, sen., mar- ried Ann, daughter of the late Thomas Wadden, of Ballycastle, County of Mayo,. Ireland, who was the mother of the subject of our sketch. When a boy Mr. Wood re- ceived a careful elementary training, and in due time entered the Farmersville Grammar school, and when he left that institution he had a good English education. Without any delay, the law was chosen for him, and by him. At the Easter term in 1870 he was called to the bar of Ontario, and immedi- ately began the practice of his profession. Mr. Wood's legal business began to grow with great rapidity, and he was soon found to be a capable, and at the same time a reliable lawyer, which satisfied his clients. Although successful in his calling, he has been enabled to devote a good deal of his attention to projects outside of his profession. He is solicitor for the counties of Leeds and Gren- ville, and solicitor for the Brockville Build- ing and Savings Society. He is likewise vice-president of the Brockville, Westport and Sault St. Marie Railroad, which was subsidized by the Dominion Parliament last session (1885). In 1882, Mr. Wood offered himself for the Dominion Parliament for Brockville, and was elected, and now enjoys a very high place in the respect of the House of Commons, and is frequently pointed to as a coming man. His politics are deep-seated Conservatism. Turnbull, Janies, B.A., Clinton, On- tario, was born on the Teviot, a few miles from Kelso, in Roxburghshire, Scotland, on the 15th of May, 1831. His parents were William Turnbull and Elizabeth Cairns. Young Turnbull received his early educational instruction at the parish school in Eckford and the public school of Hawick, respectively. Thence he entered the high school at Woodstock, Ontario. This school was under the mastership of the late Mr. Strachan. He completed his course at the University of Toronto, where he spent four years, taking high honours in classics at matriculation, during his first and second years. He graduated, in 1861, taking away the gold medal for modern languages. With respect to Mr. Turnbull's connection with public offices, we may say that he was for five years first vice-president of the Mechan- ics' Institute at Clinton, and for the suc- ceeding five and a-half years was president of the same institute. He has frequently been president of the Teachers' Association in his own county; and was for two years a member of the town council. While serv- ing in this body, he was chairman of the by- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 253 law committee. Mr. Turnbull has never taken a prominent part in polities, but he is a thorough-paced Reformer, and in a quiet way has always given his best support to bis party. His travels have been confined to his very youthful period. When a boy in 1840, he left the town of Hawick with his parents, proceeded to the seaport of Annan, and thence to Liverpool. From Liverpool, the family went to New York, thence to Al- bany by a Hudson river steamboat, and then to Rochester. The next year they set out from Rochester, by steamboat for Hamil- ton, Ontario, touching at Port Hope and To- ronto. From Hamilton they proceeded to Woodstock, in which town they abode for many years. Mr. Turnbull was baptised in the old Kirk of Scotland ; but when the dis- ruption of 1843 took place, the family began to attend the Free Church of Scotland. Mr. Turnbull is now a member of the body known as the Presbyterian Church in Can- ada, and he has been for many years an elder in that church. On the 29th of Jan- uary, 1862, he married Elizabeth Jane Mc- Murray, daughter of Thomas McMurray, Toronto, and niece of William McMurray, D.C.L., at present archdeacon of Niagara. We may say that Mr. Turnbull had taught school in Oxford county for two years, with much success,before entering the university, and having obtained his degree, his inclina- tion again led him to school work, for which he was fitted intellectually as he was by sympathy. In 1862 he became head master of the Caledonian high and public schools, which position he held, with satisfaction to all concerned for nearly six years. He then resigned to accept the headmastership of the Clinton high school (April, 1868), and this position he still holds. The Clinton High School has a staff of four masters, all special- ists in their several departments. The school has for many years now taken a high place among the High schools and Collegiate in- stitutes of the province ; and has always received a liberal measure of praise from the high school inspectors. This is doubtless due to the fact that our subject loves his work, and is such a finely equipped scholar. McDonald, Hon. William, Sena- tor, Little Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, the dis- tinguished subject of this sketch, was born in the County of Inverness, Nova Scotia, in the year 1837. His father's name was Allan, and his mother's name was Mary, and both were members of the well-known and old historic clan Macdonald. The par- ents are still living, being reckoned among ■the thrifty farming class whose industry and intelligence have been the makers of our national importance. The father came from Scotland in 1829 ; the mother in 1832. Allan McDonald was one of those who truly- appreciated the value of a sound education, and predicting, perhaps, somewhat of the future that was open to the subject of our sketch, sent him to the best schools within reach. At first he attended school at Inver- ness, and subsequently entered the Antigo- nish college of St. Francois Xavier. At school and college he gave evidence of those solid and active intellectual qualities which became manifest when a wide sphere of use- fulness lay open to him. At the age of six- teen he received a license to teach school, and continued at this occupation for about two years. It was after this period that he attended college, his object being to acquire the higher branches, including mathematics and classics. After leaving college he again taught for four years ; two years in Victoria county, and two years in Lingan, Cape Bre- ton. A man of Mr. McDonald's capacity and ambition would be pretty sure not to be found a very long time engaged in teaching ; so at the expiry of the period mentioned, he resolved to try his fortune in mercantile life. Accordingly he commenced the trans- action of a general commercial business, and very soon saw that he had set out on the proper road. At Little Glace Bay it was that he established himself, and there he has continued to this day, and may be said to have been through all these years a benefactor of the community among which his lot is cast. As might be expected, suc- cess waited liberally upon his exertions, and his business connections and import- ance grew apace from year to year. But he did not, like so many other successful men, bury himself selfishly in his private con- cerns. He always has exhibited a large share of public spirit, and has many times been found foremost in movements for the pub- lic good. He has always been a friend of the temperance cause, and in his time has done a good deal to advance it. In religion he is a highly respected member of the Roman catholic communion. In municipal affairs he always took a hearty interest, and was a member of the General Sessions of the Peace for his county. In 1867 his friends were certain that he would offer himself for the local legislature, but considering that he was too young, he declined, in the meanwhile giving close study to public questions. He was then offered the shrievalty of the coun- ty, a position of much importance, as his county was the third largest in the province. A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 254 for the Wesleyan Methodist ministry. At twenty-six, having successfully completed a four years course of study, he was ordained to the work of the ministry, in the town of Brantford, on the 9th of June, 1861, under the presidency of the Rev. Joseph Stinson, D. D. During the same year he was united in marriage to Maria Matthews, of Acton, a young lady of great personal charms and men- tal cultivation. She has ever been an excel- lent helpmeet for her husband in his work, and her worth has been recognized in all the churches where our subject has been sta- tioned. Some of these stations were Bow- manville, Orangeville, Windsor, Watford, Palmerston and Seaforth. Mr. Broley was for several years local superintendent of shcools in Lambton county; and he has taken an active and very successful part in all the great moral questions of the day. For nineteen years he has been a master mason of A. F. and A. M., and he is like- wise an Orangeman. The fruit of the union just referred to is four children. Rev. James Broley is well and favourably known throughout western Ontario as a preacher of more than ordinary ability. His style in the pulpit is argumentative, and his dis- courses, which are always logical, are invariably presented with an eloquence that commands the greatest attention and admiration. As a pastor, his kindness of heart and brotherly sympathy win for him a place in the affections of all his parishi- oners. Mr. Broley enjoys the esteem of all classes of the community where he is known, and his manly, stirring appeals on behalf of truth, have made his ministry one of great power and success. Wright, Joseph, Toronto, the subject of this memoir, was born in the town of Glanford, Lincolnshire, England, in the year 1847. His father was Jacob Wright and his mother Martha, whose maiden name was Quipp. This couple came to America with their family in 1852, landing in Phila- delphia, U. S. Here they remained till 1854, when they crossed over to Canada, and settled in Toronto, and here the father of our subject resolved to try his fortune. He engaged himself as a contractor and builder, and has continued in that occu- pation up to the present time. It is hardly necessary to say here that Mr. Wright, senior, is one of the best-known builders in Toronto, and some of the finest building contracts in that city have fallen into his hands. He had a family of nine children. Joseph Wright, one of the number, is the gentleman of whom we speak in this me Always locking broadly upon public ques- tions, he was one of the few who, in 1867, supported the movement for the confeder- ation of the provinces. Recognizing his com- manding abilities, several influential persons pressed him to offer himself for parliament- ary honours; and naturally having an inclin- ation in that way, he yielded to their solicita- tions, and in 1872 he first entered parlia- ment. He did not pledge himself to any course till he could see for himself ; and, therefore, he took his seat in parliament as an independent member. Here he made careful observations and came to the con- clusion that, on the whole, the policy of the Liberal-Conservative party was best for the interests of the country ; at the same time he felt strongly convinced that the reformers were factional, and favoured Ontario alto- gether too much against other portions of the Dominion. Pleased with his course in parliament, he was re-elected in 1874, 1878, and 1882; and two years later a vacancy occurring in the Senate, he was called thither, much to the gratification of the many who had watched, approved of, and been edified by, his public course. He held the position of postmaster for a number of years, and was superintendent of telegraph offices for Little Glace Bay. On Feb. 7th, 1865, he married Catharine McDonald, by whom he had seven children, three boys and four girls, the youngest being dead. Mr. Mc- Donald is one of those who is indebted to himself for his fortune and his honours, and may be taken as an example of what may be achieved by perseverance. Broley, Rev. James, pastor of the Methodist church, Seaforth, Ontario, and financial secretary of the Goderich district of the Guelph conference, was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, on the 22nd of August, 1835. His father was James Broley, a descendant of a Huguenot family,--the original name being De Broglie, a name well known in France,-and his mother Agnes Lindsey, a lady of Scotch descent. Both par- ents were born in Ireland. The family, in 1837, emigrated to Canada, and settled in the township of Vaughan, York county, Ont. Here our subject received such educational advantages as the common schools had to offer, and he studied Latin under a private tutor. When he reached his sixteenth year, he received a certificate from the board of public instruction authorizing him to teach public schools in the counties of York, Ontario, Peel, and the City of Toronto. He taught school for five years, and being then twenty-two, was received as a candidate CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 255 moir. He at first attended the common schools, but concluded his studies at the University of Toronto. When in his seven- teenth year, he entered into the employ of the late Dr. Howson, druggist, as an ap- prentice, and here remained until the com- pletion of his term of apprenticeship. After leaving Dr. Howson, he entered the employ of the late John Hallamore, druggist, and he remained for a period of two years. In 1870, he decided to try his fortune in a business in which he had a personal interest. So we find him joining in a partnership with Dr. Howson, in whose establishment he had served his apprenticeship. After two years, the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Wright having bought out his partner's interest, and assumed the entire control himself. And now we find Mr. Wright carrying on a suc- cessful drug business in the shop, corner of Queen and Elizabeth streets. In 1876, Mr. Wright was elected as one of the aidermen for St. Patrick's ward, in the City Council, and in 1877 he was re-elected, heading the poll by a majority of three hundred votes. In 1877, he was chairman of the Board of Health, and also acted as chairman of the committee appointed by the City Council to revise the City By-Laws. Mr. Wright is a justice of the peace for the County of York and the city of Toronto. He has always been a zealous worker in the city's interest, and gave his time and his enthusi- asm without being moved by selfish motives. He is both a Freemason and an Orange- man, and takes an active interest in the wel- fare of these bodies. With respect to his official standing therein, it may be said that he has passed all the chairs. He was brought up in the tenets of the Methodist church, but has latterly come to possess broader views upon religious and theological questions. In politics he is an unflinching Reformer, and has been chairman of the St. Andrew's Ward Reform Association for sev- eral years. He is also a member of the exe- cutive committee of the Reform Association. In 1878, he was looked upon as a probable and very likely candidate for the House of Commons. It might not be too much to say, that perhaps that house may yet see Mr. Wright upon its floor. Mr.Wright's premises are most tastefully and elaborately fitted up, and is undoubtedly one of the best retail establishments in Toronto. Cameron, Malcolm Colin, Goder- ich,M. P. for South Huron, Ontario, was born in Perth, County of Lanark, Ont., on the 12th of April, 1831. He is descended from a Highland-Scotch family,and was educated at Knox College,Toronto, with a view to enter- ing the ministry of the Presbyterian church. After some time, however, his mind under- went a change, and he felt that his vocation lay in another direction. He, therefore, began to read law in the office of Judge Deacon, of Renfrew ; and was called to the bar of Upper Canada in 1860, at Easter Term. He at once began the practice of his profession, entering into it with zeal, and a determination to take a foremost place at the bar. How much he was justified in his resolution, has since been proven by his brilliant legal achievement. In 1870 he was invested with the silken gown of coun- sellor, and he is now senior member of the widely-known firm of Camerom, Holt & Cameron, of Goderich. In 1856 our subject began his political career as councillor for the town of Goderich. For twelve years he remained a member of the civic board ; and was for one year reeve, and for four years mayor. He took a leading part in the establishment of the extensive and pro- fitable salt works in the County of Huron ; and has always been foremost in any nota- ble enterprise which has for its object the development of the industries of his section of Canada. Towards the establish- ment of the free harbour of refuge at Goderich, and of the commercial harbour at Bayfield, he did splendid service by his able advocacy of the scheme in his place in parliament. He was first elected to the House of Commons in 1867; was re-elected in 1872 and 1874, in 1878, and at the last general election. From the outset, Mr. Cameron has been an uncompromising Lib- eral. He had no sooner taken his seat in the House than his position became estab- lished, as one of the foremost men amongst his party. He has always found that a re- gard for the best interests and well-being of the county obliged him to oppose the main policy of the party led by Sir John A. Macdonald ; and he is earnestly con- vinced that to a considerable extent the well being of a state depends upon how its public affairs are administered by the government, and this is why his opposition to a policy which he deems pernicious has al- ways been so consistent and so pronounced. We may say that there is no member in the House of Commons whose voice commands more attention and respect than does that of Mr. Cameron. When he arises he is pre- pared thoroughly with argument, and upon constitutional and legal questions his utter- ances are invariably looked upon as those of an authority. He married in May, 1855, 256 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Jessie H., daughter of Dr. McLean, who was associated in the survey and explora- tions of the lakes of Western Canada, Cap- tain Bayfield being commander of the exhi- bition. The fruit of the marriage is seven children, and one who died at Jacksonville, Florida, in 1876, aged seventeen years. His eldest daughter was recently married to John Galt, son of the late John Galt, regis- trar of Huron, grandson of John Galt, the novelist, and nephew of Sir Alexander and Judge Galt. Our subject has a fine resi- dence called " The Maples," in the town of Goderich. Archibald, Hon. Tlios. Dickson, Sydney, C. B., member of the Senate of Can- ada, was born in Onslow, Nova Scotia, in 1813. His father was David Archibald, of Onslow, brother of the celebrated Samuel George William Archibald, of Truro, master of the rolls, and attorney-general of Nova Scotia. His mother was Olivia Dickson, of Truro, of the old family of Dickson, well known in the annals of that place. David Archibald, and his brother, Samuel George William, married sisters. Mr. Archibald, the subject of this sketch, was educated at the Pictou Academy. After completing the usual routine of studies taught at the academy at the time, he became clerk with the late James Primrose, of Pictou, and shortly afterwards entered the service of the Gen- eral Mining Association of London, in their office, at the Albion Mines in Pictou county. In the year 1832, he came to Cape Breton, and entered into partnership with his brother in a general business in connection with the Sydney Mines. This business, under the name of Archibald & Co., has been continued ever since, and is one of the oldest in the Province of Nova Scotia. The firm have taken part in almost every sort of enterprise that has been attempted in the island of Cape Breton, having, not only been engaged in supplying the mines, and in shipping coal in all directions, but also, very largely in ship-building, in pros- ecuting the fisheries, including the seal- fishery, and as ship-owners and general shipping agents. In 1861 the firm com- menced to open up the Gowrie coal mines in Cow Bay, Cape Breton, which enterprise now ranks as one of the foremost and most successful in the island, and of which they are the sole proprietors. Mr. Archibald acted as agent for the Bank of Nova Scotia for a number of years, when an agency of that bank was established in Cape Breton, and represented the United States of America at Sydney as consular agent, until called to the Senate. In 1856 he was ap- pointed a member of the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia, in which body he remained until appointed Senator at the confedera- tion of the provinces in 1867. From 1860 to 1863 he was a member of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia during the adminis- tration of the Hon. Joseph Howe. Mr. Archibald has been married three times, and is now a widower. His first wife was Susan, daughter of William Corbett, of Pictcu, to whom he was married in 1839, and by whom he had seven children, four of whom are living. His second wife, to whom he was married in 1867, was Elizabeth, daughter of George Hughes, of Boston, U.S. He was married a third time, in 1874, to Maria Louisa, relict of the late John Buryneat, of Truro, who died at Ottawa, suddenly, of hemorrhage of the lungs, nine months after- wards. In religion, Mr. Archibald was brought up a Presbyterian, and has re- mained one all his life, having been for many years a member of that church. As a politician, Mr. Archibald was connected with the old Liberal party of Nova Scotia ; but since confederation, which he support- ed, he has given the Conservative party of the Dominion a fair and consistent support. jtlillctl, Janies Elliott, was born on the 25th of January, 1847, at Lismortagh, Fethard, Tipperary, Ireland. His parents were John Millett and Sarah Harrington, daughter of William Harknett Harrington, whose residence in the City of Cork was Sydney Hall, and his country residence was known as Hanover Hall, near Macroom, Cork county. Mr. Harrington was a gentle- man who owned a large estate in Ireland ; and he devoted most of his time to visiting different parts of the world for pleasure and instruction, and died in 1850 at a ripe old age, lamented by all who knew him. John Millett owned extensive properties in the County of Tipperary, Ireland ; and in 1841 he married Sarah Harrington, whose father has just been described. By this lady he had. seven children, three sons and four daughters. Mr. Millett lived the life of a private gentleman, never engaging in politics, or in any business, but his influence could be felt through the whole district in which he lived. Here he enjoy- ed, for his sterling qualities, a large share of respect and warm good will. He died in 1870, lamented by all to whom he had been a kind friend and benefactor. He never forgot to help those in distress, and he al- ways had a cheering word for those striving for a position in the world. Mrs. Millett CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 257 died in 1872, two years after Mr. Millett, and her loss was greatly felt by all her friends and by the community in which she lived, and especially by the circle in which she moved. James was educated by private tutors ; and he studied civil engineering, and served four years on the engineer's staff on the works of the Limerick, and Killaloe and Rathkeale & Newcastle Junction Rail- ways in the County of Limerick. He left there to join the engineer's staff of Sir Morton Peto, bart., then going to Russia; but owing to reverses occurring in the fam- ily, he was unable to leave. In April, 1864, he came to Toronto, Canada, but owing to the difficulty of getting immediate employ- ment, he returned to Ireland in the following November. In the spring of 1866 he entered the employment of Messrs. Jameson, large brewers and distillers, in Dublin, where he remained for eight years, until influenced by inducements held out to him by his brother, who was at that time manager for the late Benjamin Walton, contractor, and who built the Custom House, Toronto, and who had been in Canada for some time pre- viously, he resigned his position there and emigrated to Toronto with his wife and two sisters in April, 1874. A few months after his arrival he entered the employment of the Toronto Brewing & Malting Company, then just formed, as book-keeper, and afterwards obtained the position of secretary-treasurer. Here he remained for eight years. Sub- sequently forming with a few friends a joint stock company, he purchased the well- known brewery belonging to Wm. Copland, on Parliament street, and named the com- pany the "Copland Brewing Co., of Toronto," and entered into possession in August, 1882. This extensive and popular establishment is now under his management He married, on the 20th Nov., 1871, Kath- leen Phillips, daughter of Robt. Boyle Phil- lips, architect, of Roseville, Clonmel, Tip- perary, Ireland. Mr. Millett is a member of the Church of England, and a Conserva- tive in politics. He is a member of the Board of Trade, Toronto, and likewise a member of the Ontario Jockey Club. He is kindly in all his relations, and upright in his dealings, therefore he has the respect and regard of all who know him. Cochrane, William, D.D., minister of Zion Church, Brantford, was born in Paisley, Scotland, February, 9th, 1831, his parents being William and Mary Cochrane. His father was born in Dairy, Aryshire, and the family sprung from the same stock as the renowned seaman, Thomas Cochrane, afterwards Earl of Dundonald, or Lord Cochrane. His mother was from the Island of Arran, Scotland. After attending the parish schools of his native town from the age of four and a half years until twelve, he entered the shop of Murray & Stewart, booksellers and stationers, where he re- mained between ten and eleven years. He was a youth of indomitable energy, and devoted all his leisure hours to study. So great was his thirst for knowledge during the latter part of that period, that he gave up all his spare time to the study of the classics, and finally entered the University of Glasgow, going from Paisley every morn- ing at 5 o'clock to attend classes. When he was in his twenty-third year, two gentlemen in Cincinnati, who had known him in Pais- ley when a mere child, and who had heard of his persevering efforts to obtain a higher education, offered him a home and ample means to study for the ministry, on condi- tion that he would come to the United States. Although the proposal was strongly opposed by his pastor, the late Rev. Dr. Wm. Fraser, of the Free Middle Church, Paisley, and other friends-who wished him to enter the ministry in the Scottish Church-he accepted the offer, and after spending a few weeks in Cincinnati, entered the classes of Hanover College, Indiana, in September, 1854, where he graduated with highest honour, and took his degree of B.A. in 1857. During the last year of his course in Hanover, he pursued his theological studies, along with the regular branches of the art course, under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Edwards, professor of Theology in Danville, Kentucky, and re- cently pastor of the Seventh Church, Cin- cinnati. Immediately after his gradua- tion, he entered the Princeton Theologi- cal Seminary in New Jersey, and pursued his studies there for two years, under the Rev. Drs. Hodge, Alexander, McGill and Green. In February, 1859, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Madison, Indiana, and was called and settled, as pastor of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, Jersey City, N.J., on the 7th June, 1859, where he continued for three years. In December, 1861, he paid a visit to his friend, Rev. Dr. John Thomsom, then minister of Knox Church, Galt, by whom he was asked to preach in Zion Church, Brantford, which was then vacant, and heavily burdened with a debt that almost threatened its extinction. Immediately afterwards, the congregation sent him a pressing and unanimous call, which he was led seriously to consider, and 258 4 CYCLOPAEDIA OF iinally accepted. Inducted into his present charge on the 13th of May, 1862, he has ser- ved his people faithfully for nearly twenty- four years. During this long period he has received repeated flattering invita- tions to wealthy churches, in other and much larger cities than Brantford. Boston, New York, Newburyport, Detroit, Chicago and Toronto, have all endeavoured to have him, but he has firmly resisted the temptation to leave Brantford, and sever the ties that bind him to an attached people. During his ministry in Brantford, the congregation has more than quadrupled in numbers, and has now upwards of 600 members v In addi- tion to his pastoral work, Dr. Cochrane, in 1874, founded the Brantford Young Ladies' College, assisted by other gentlemen in his congregation, and acted as president from its start, until 1880, [teaching some of the higher classes during every session. For fifteen years he has filled the office of clerk of the Synod of Hamilton and London, and for fourteen years was clerk of the Presby- tery of Paris. For thirteen years he has been convener of the Home Mission Committee of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, an office of great responsibility and labour, and entailing a large amount of travel and cor- respondence. With all these ecclesiastical burdens, he is at the same time one of the most public-spirited citizens that Brantford contains. He has been for thirteen years president of the Mechanics' Institute, now Free Library, and fully identifies himself with every educational and literary enter- prise that has for its object the good of the Community and county. Rev. Dr. Cochrane has had his full share of honours from the church he has loved and served so well, and from other quarters. In 1864, he received the degree of M. A. from Hanover College, and again, in 1875 the degree of Doctor of Divinity, having at the same time the offer of the latter honour from another college. In 1869, he represented the Canada Presby- terian Church at the General Assemblies of the Scottish and Irish Churches. In 1873 he was sent as deputy to Manitoba, in con- nection with college and mission work, and again in 1881. In July, 1882, he was sent as deputy to visit the churches in British Columbia, and at the last General Assem- bly, held in St. John, N. B. (June, 1882), he was unanimously elected to the highest gift within the church-the moderatorship of the General Assembly. In 1884, Rev. Dr. Cochrane was also appointed one of the deputies to the Pan-Presbyterian Alliance in Belfast. Rev. Dr. Cochrane is an inde- fatigable worker, on the platform, in Church courts and by' his pen ; and no clergyman is more frequently called to preach special sermons at anniversaries and on the open- ing of new churches. As a preacher he is popular in the best sense of the term. Though a speaker of great readiness and fluency, his sermons are prepared with the greatest care, and as a rule written in full. He uses his notes very little in the pulpit ; his delivery is forcible, animated and im- pressive ; his arrangement is logical, his style clear, and his illustrations often vivid and striking. Thoroughly despising sensa- tionalism of all kinds, he preaches the gospel in its simplicity and purity, and by his clear exposition of truth, and earnest appeals to the heart and conscience, seldom fails to make a deep impression upon his hearers. Within the last few years he has published four volumes of sermons,-" The Heavenly Vision," " Christ and Christian Life," " Warning and Welcome," and " Fu- ture Punishment, or does Death end Proba- tion?" These volumes admirably stand the crucial test of the closest study. Asa writer he is clear, terse and vigorous, and his style, though affecting nothing of the ornate, possesses many of the graces of the polished scholar. In addition to these volumes, he is a frequent writer for the press, and sev- eral of his papers have been republished in American periodicals. As a lecturer, were he to respond to all his applications, during the winter season he would never be at home. The church in which Rev. Dr. Coch- rane statedly ministers is now one of the finest in Ontario. In 1868 the edifice was en- larged by the addition of galleries ; in 1876 a handsome organ was added ; and this year it'has been entirely remodelled and enlarged at a cost of §14,000. Rev. Dr. Cochrane was married July 24th, 1860, to Mary Neil- son Houstoun, of Paisley, Scotland, who died January 8th, 1871. In October 2nd, 1873, he was again married to Jennette Elizabeth Balmer, of Oakville, Ontario. His family consists of three boys and a girl, and his eldest son is at present connected with a large commission house in Chicago. Mason, Ambrose Wilcock, Toronto, Artist, was born at Bickleigh, near Ply- mouth, Devonshire, England, on February 16th, 1851. He is a son of Lawrence and Elizabeth Ann Mason. His father was a very successful agriculturist in South Devon, and for many years wore the uniform of Her Majesty's service in the yeoman cavalry. Our subject was educated at the Ontario In- stitution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Belle- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 259 ville. Early in life he formed a taste for fine arts, and spent his leisure hours in drawing and sketching. His artistic faculty was more fully developed under the instruc- tion of the late Mr. Ackermann, who had charge of that department of study in the Deaf and Dumb Institution. His chief aim was to qualify himself as an artist, especially in oil and crayon portraiture. He came from England to Bowmanville, Ontario, in 1857. After leaving the institute, he placed him- self under the tuition of some of the best artists in Toronto, and, finding that success rewarded his labours, followed his profession as artist, first at Belleville, and afterwards in Toronto, where he came to reside in 1883. He was drawing master in the Deaf and Dumb Institute during the years already referred to, and he was also for a time vice- president of the Literary Society of that institution. In religion Mr. Mason is a Methodist, and in politics a Reformer, and he stands staunchly to his colours. He mar- ried, on the 3rd November, 1884, Fannie Elizabeth Lewis, daughter of Samuel Lewis, an Englishman, of Leamington, Essex county, Ont. Mr. Mason, we may add, has established for himself a wide popularity, and an enduring repute. He has a high place in art circles, and, in addition to his marked professional ability, he is, personal- ly and in business circles, extremely popular. His establishment is at 10 King street east, Toronto, and here pictures are made or copied, in oil, water colour, Indian ink and crayon, according to high artistic excellence. Anderson, William J., London, On- tario, was born in Sorel, province of Que- bec, on the 12th January, 1843. His father was the Rev. Canon Anderson, M.A.. rec- tor of Sorel. It may be interesting to remark that Canon Anderson is the last link that binds the old Church of England past to the present, he now being the only living Crown-appointed rector in Canada, and on his death the last crown endowment in the dominion ends. On the recommen- dation of Sir John Colborne, he was induct- ed during the troubled times of 1838, and at the same time was appointed chaplain to the forces, Sorel being then the headquart- ers of the military power. In 1840, he was married to Miss Henshaw, of Montreal, by whom he had nine children, of whom five survive, the eldest living being the subject of this sketch. W. J. Anderson was edu- cated at the collegiate institute, Sorel. Born while the stirring events of the French- Canadian rebellion were still fresh, and liv- ing in a large garrison town, his natural taste was towards a military life. His father's friend, Sir John Colborne, then field mar- shal, offered him a commission in the line, free of purchase, but his father objected, and obtained instead a situation for him in the Bank of Montreal, Montreal. He served various positions at the branches in King- ston, Cornwall, Quebec, and New York, and in 1870, was appointed accountant at St. John, N.B. At that time the "anti" feeling ran high, but in spite of that the de- lightful social pleasures of the city made it a very desirable place to live in. In 1871, he was promoted to the accountantship at Montreal, and there met his future wife, Emily Boyle, eldest daughter of the Rev. Felix Boyle, M. A., rector of Frampton, to whom he was married on the 21 st February, 1872. He afterwards was appointed assist- ant manager at Toronto, and after a few months was promoted to the management of the Brookville branch, in which beauti- ful town he remained for four years. He then was appointed manager of the London branch, and moved to that city on 1st April, 1883. Four children have been born to him, two boys and two girls. Mr. Anderson has been always a staunch Conservative, but never took an active part in politics. He is a member of the Masonic body, and for many years took an active part in the vol- unteer movement. Potts, Rev. John, D.D., Toronto, was born in 1838, at Maguire's Bridge, County Fermanagh, Ireland. After an un- eventful childhood, John Potts determined at an early age to leave the land of his birth and try his chance in the new world. We accordingly hear that when only seventeen, the young man started for the Southern States of America, taking Kingston in his route. As a straw will at times influence the current of a stream and direct it from its original course, Mr. Potts' sojourn amongst his Kingston relations, associated as it was with the pleasantest reminiscences, induced him on his return from the south to select Canada as the land of his adoption, and (many enticements to go elsewhere, notwithstanding), forsaking all others he has kept only unto her. Originally an Episcopalian, Mr. Potts' intercourse with the Wesleyans of Kingston, at that time under the spiritual guidance of the Rev. George Douglas, was not without its effect upon him, and he became a Methodist. The young man's first step in life was trodden in the path of commerce, and we find him en- gaged in mercantile pursuits at Kingston and Hamilton. Work of this kind was, 260 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF however, uncongenial to his tastes, it is no matter of surprise, therefore, that yielding to the earnest solicitations of his friends, seconded as they were by his own natural desires, Mr. Potts at the age of nineteen, prior to the expiration of his Arts course, at Victoria College University, Cobourg, was induced to study for the ministry. His period of probation was passed on circuit at Markham, Aurora, Newmarket, and lastly at Thorold, during his residence, in which place the young man completed his theolog- ical studies, and was received in full con- nection. Subsequent to his ordination, when only twenty-three, the young minis- ter's first field of labour was at Norter street Church, London, as assistant to the Vener- able Bichard Jones ; from thence, at the expiration of his time, he was appointed to a charge in Yorkville, and was associated with the Rev. E. H. Dewart, then at Elm street. Such was the estimation in which this young worker in the Lord's vineyard was held, that in 1866, he was chosen (no small compliment for a man of only twenty-eight) to be the first pastor of a new church erected in Hamilton, to commemerate the centen- ary of American Methodism, and thus be- came within the short space of ten years the minister in a congregation where he had formerly been a member, and Sunday-school teacher. Mr. Potts' acceptance of the Ham- ilton charge was at first opposed by the Sta- tionary Conference Committee, but their misgivings as to his ability to fill the church soon proved to be groundless, for such were his talents and popularity, and so forcible his preaching, that Sunday after Sunday multitudes flocked to hear the Word spoken by his mouth. While at Hamilton, Mr. Potts was invited to come to Toronto, to the church in Adelaide street, but fearing the time he would have to devote to the superintendence of the building of the Met- ropolitan church, then in course of erection, would interfere with what he considered strictly ministerial work, he declined this charge, and accepted that of St. James street, Montreal, which had been simul- taneously placed at his disposal in succession to the Rev. Dr. Douglas. Equal success at- tended Mr. Potts in this his new field, and after a space of three years he returned to Toronto, and was placed in charge of the Metropolitan church in that city, where he rapidly increased the number of the congre- gation. The close of his ministrations there saw him again removed to Elm street, and for a second period we again see him in charge of the Metropolitan, Toronto. At the close of a second term in the St. James street Methodist church, Montreal, Rev. Dr. Potts was called back to Toronto, and is now the pastor of Elm street, it may be said, for the third time. Mr. Potts is a staunch supporter of temperance, having first advocated its cause when only fifteen. He is also connected with the Young Men's Christian Association and Bible Societies. He and the Rev. W. MacVicar, of Mont- real, are the Dominion representatives on the International Committee, which select the Sunday lessons for all schools all over the world. The subject of our sketch is a member of the Board and Senate of the Victoria University. He is likewise a mem- ber of the board of the Montreal Theo- logical College, and also a member of Com- mittee, and has charge of the publishing interest of the church. In 1878, he was elected the first president of an association which was formed in Toronto, embracing ministers of all denominations. In July, of that year, the Wesleyan University, Ohio, in due appreciatioxi of his merits, admitted him to the degree of D.D. On the death of Rev. Dr. Topp, he was appointed, in 1879, to succeed him as chairman of the Home for Incurables, an institution likely to prove of incalculable benefit to the people of Toronto, the foundation stone of the new buildings of which was laid by Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, on the occasion of her first visit to To- ronto, in September of the same year. Never doing anything by halves, unosten- tatious, strictly imbued with a consciousness of the responsibilities of his sacred office, Rev. Dr. Potts rarely takes a leading part in lectures or meetings of conference, but prefers to thoroughly identify himself with his ministerial work. Gifted with no ordi- nary power of eloquence, possessing a tongue as it were the pen of a ready writer, with a complete mastery over the subject he handles and a splendid voice in his delivery of it, Rev. Dr. Potts is unsurpassed in the pulpit, and rivets the attention of his hearers. Of a commanding presence, having the advan- tages of a superior intellect and an equally poised mind, and possessed with great physical strength, Rev. Dr. Potts is never weary in well doing. Ever ready to assist those who are trying to lead a Christian life, he fearlessly denounces in no meas- ured language of condemnation and warn- ing, those who are walking in the ways of wickedness and vice. Combining in his per- son the suivater in modo with the fortiter in re, he is known far and wide beyond the CAN ADI AN BIOGRAPHY. 261 limits of his own denomination. He is be- loved and revered by his own congregation; honoured, respected and esteemed by those outside its pale. A Methodist of the Meth- odists, he is a man of the most liberal views ; believing that true religion is hedged in by no sectarian prejudices, he willingly assists to the utmost of his power all fellow- workers, irrespective of creed, in the service of their Great Master, and cordially holds out the right hand of Christian fellowship and brotherly love to all, who, like himself, go about doing, and are endeavoring to ameliorate the spiritual and temporal con- dition and welfare of their fellow-men. The eager desire of his several important charges to retain him amongst them, and their re- luctance to part with him, amply testify to the success of his labors in the past ; being in the full vigour of his manhood, should his life be spared, Rev. Dr. Potts has a long career of usefulness and work before him in years to come. The historian in the future when recording the progress and growth of Christianity in Canada, will not fail to place Rev. Dr. Potts in the foremost rank ; a tower of strength in his own denomination, he by his example indicates to all the way in which they should walk, and generations after he shall have passed away his memory will be blessed, and his works will follow him. Thomas, Edward George. Wood- stock, the subject of this sketch, was born in the City of Toronto, on the 2nd October, 1853. His father and mother were natives of Eng- land, and came to Canada in 1832. Mr. Thomas was first sent to the public schools, and afterwards attended the Model School at Toronto. Having completed his studies, and attained his sixteenth year, he entered the Military school, 29th regiment, then commanded by Colonel Farrington; and graduated in due time, and then moved to Hamilton, where he learned the trade of organ-building, in the establishment of Thornton & Green. After he had mas- tered this trade, he was appointed manager for the Canada Organ & Piano Co., of To- ronto. In 1874, he established what was known as the burial case factory, now one of the largest, most thorough, and popular institutions of its kind in the country. In 1875, he sold his interest in this business, and removed to Woodstock, where he saw a field for organ-building. Here he at once began the manufacture of organs, and his exertions were soon rewarded with success. Every year saw an increase in the capacity and output of his establishment, till the business attained its present large dimen- sions. In 1881, Mr. Thomas was elected aiderman for the City of Woodstock, and likewise for 1883, in which latter year he retired. He was a painstaking and clear- headed civic legislator, and during his offi- cial term, was chairman of the fire, water and light committee. He has taken con- siderable interest in secret society affairs, and is a prominent member of Odd-Fellows' lodge, No. 88. He is likewise a member of the Grand Lodge, and has held high trusts in the Masonic order. In religion our sub- ject is a staunch Episcopalian. He married in 1872, Margaret Campbell, daughter of the late William Campbell, of Hamilton, and by this union has had four children. In poli- tics he is a staunch Reformer ; and he does not content himself with merely wishing his party well, but he is a constant and zealous worker. Shortiss, Thomas, Toronto, was born in Bristol, England, on the 7th July, 1822. His father was Thomas Shortiss, and his mother Mary Bourke. Mrs. Shortiss came from Tipperary, Ireland, and was connected with some of the first families in the south of Ireland. The family came to Canada in 1826, and settled in Toronto, then known as Little York. Our subject was educated at the Toronto Grammar School, and at the Upper Canada College. On leaving school he went into the dry-goods business and continued in it for seven years, and after- wards, for a short time, was connected with the civil service. In 1854 he entered the lumbering business, and was one of the first in developing the County of Simcoe, where, among other industrial improve- ments, he built a large steam mill. He turned his attention later to minerals, and he and his partner were among the first to explore Lake Superior as prospectors. Through their means chiefly that territory was brought before public notice. The mining interest at this time was in a very poor condition, and nobody believed that the minerals in this region were worth troubl- ing about. Mr. Shortiss has been engaged in mining and lumbering ever since the pe- riod stated, and owns a large tract of lum- ber on the Ottawa river. He was captain in the 4th Battalion, Toronto, for fourteen years, under Col. Richard Denison. He was aiderman for the City of Toronto for the years 1854-55, and has been connected with most of the important public enterprises in that city. He is a Master Mason, of Ionic lodge. He has travelled through Europe and the States. In religion he is an Epis- 262 A CYCLOPEDIA OF copalian, and in politics a Conservative. He married in Oct., 1855, Hester S. Wake- field, whose father was then a very prom- inent man in business in Toronto. Mr. Shortiss is of a most genial temperament, and kindly of heart ; therefore he does not lack warm friends, of which he has many. Durham, Earl of. -John George Lambton, Earl of Durham, the greatest of those English statesmen that we include in the history of Canada, was born on the 12th of April, 1792, and received his education be- tween Eton and Cambridge. On reaching maturity he was sent to Parliament for Dur- ham. He had previously married Miss Chol- mondeley, who died on the 11th of July, 1815. In the following year he espoused Lady Louisa Elizabeth Grey, daughter of the then prime minister of England, Earl Grey. This was the nobleman, by the way, who used to be in such a state of trepidation at the Cabinet councils sometimes lest his im- petuous son-in-law should break beyond bounds. Mr. Lambton was descended of an old aristocratic family, but his ancestors had nearly always striven in the cause of popular liberty. When the future Earl took his seat in Parliament, he at once began to busy himself with questions of reform. With heart and soul, too, did he always enter into any enterprise. In 1821 he in- troduced a measure to amend the existing law relating to representation; and all the fossils and the tories were scandalized ; Lambton, they felt sure, with his radical- ism, and leanings toward the common peo- ple, would disgrace his lineage. A strong bulwark of sticks-in-the-mud arose and said all such legislation as Lambton proposed was in the direction of undermining the founda- tions of the Constitution. Not so many years afterwards an almost identical mea- sure was submitted, and the fossils had to swallow it. On the 17th January, 1828, Mr. Lambton was raised to the peerage with the title of Baron Durham, of the City of Durham and of Lambton Castle. In 1831 he lost his son, Charles William, a promising boy whose beauty has been immortalized by the pencil of Lawrence. On the 12th March, 1833, Lord Durham retired from the cabinet, received an earldom, and in the summer of the same year, proceeded on a special mis- sion to the court of Russia. In 1835, his lordship returned to Russia as British am- bassador, and remained there until the summer of 1837 ; and, in the following year went out as governor-general to Canada, whence he returned, after a few months' absence, without any permission from gov- ernment, and died in 1840. When he came to Canada he found the smoking embers of the recently subsided rebellion; and that ill- feeling, heart burnings, and the most pain- ful discontent were abroad through the country. His lordship obsrved that the con- stitution was practically suspended, that trial by jury was no longer effective, and that to make things better it was necessary to begin at the foundation. To this end he issued divers ordinances, which declared, among other things, an amnesty to all the rebels, save their leaders, who were declared banished to Bermuda. It was declared that should they return without permission they would incur the penalty of death. Lord Brougham, in England, the ferocious oppo- nent of Lord Durham, was delighted when he heard the strange tidings from Canada. With sledge-hammer and bitter style, of which he was master, he showed how the governor-general had transcended his au- thority in banishing to an island, over which he had no control, and in declaring that men who had never been brought to trial, and who must be presumed innocent till proven guilty, should be made to suffer death if they again showed their faces in Canada. Lord Durham doubtlessly did transcend his powers, but desperate cases are made better very often only by desperate remedies ; and it is highly probable that had his lordship been permitted to have his own way, the results would have been what everybody wished. But he went down before the storm of censure, and was re- called in disgrace. However, before receiv- ing the notice of recall, and wounded deeper than a mean mind can imagine, he set sail for England, where, shortly afterwards, he died, as some have supposed, of a broken heart. His report, which appeared shortly after his return to England, was the most masterly state paper in our colonial history. The scheme of a union , for legislative pur- poses of the British North American provin- ces was laid down, and the fullest constitut- ional freedom for the people was insisted on. Nay, the Earl's eyes looked forward still to to a day when he thought that these pro- vinces, united as one, might take their place among the independent nations of the earth. We quote the following respecting his lordship, from the colonial historian, Robert Montgomery Martin:-"By birth and inclination, Lord Durham was one of the earliest advocates of political and popular reform ; and to his credit, be it said, he was ever foremost to aid the cause of the oppressed. His sympathies were Saxon, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 263 and consequently with the people, but the Norman, or feudal pride, was often seen struggling with the more libera] principles of his early ancestry. At a period when few men stood forward to oppose the en- croachments of ministerial power, Lord Durham was always the staunch opponent of oppression, whether national or individual. With a generous disposition, he was prompt to relieve distress, and expend his wealth in objects conducive, as he thought, to his country's good. There was no niggard or parsimonious spirit in his proceedings, whenever it could be proved that money or energy could advance the cause he took in hand; and an unsullied integrity and lofty patriotism were among the distinguishing characteristics of this lamented nobleman." There is very little more in the pages of Mr. Martin respecting Lord Durham that is suitable to any man who is not so narrow- minded as Martin evidently was. This more than usually dull writer seems to have written his cumbersome pages at a time when still a few of our public men could not forego a slur to the dead lion ; but the lumbering censure is very ridiculously read in the light of the present time. Most of what Durham advocated has been carried into effect; and those very schemes which the colonies have adopted, and which were our proudest boons, are those which Robert Montgomery Martin characterises as Uto- pian. Wlielilian, Patrick, Saint Mary's, Registrar of the South Riding of the County of Perth, was born at Peterfield, in the County of Tipperary, Ireland, April 23rd, 1832. His father, James Whelihan, a farm- er, died when the son was two years old, leaving a widowed mother, Elizabeth, whose maiden name was D'Arcy, with a family of eleven children, of whom our subjest was the tenth child. He was brought up on a farm until sixteen years of age, receiving in the meantime a national school education. In 1848 the family came to America, landing at New Orleans, La., where the mother and an elder brother took the yellow fever, and died in Cincinnati, Ohio. This was a trying period in the life of young Whelihan. The calamity nearly exhausted his means, as well as that of a brother eight years older, and he found jiimself at sixteen with small means and a younger sister on his hands to educate. Afflicted, but not disheartened, he pushed forward as far northward as Lon- don, Ontario, where some of his friends resided. He soon afterwards returned to Ohio, where he made an engagement to work for an English railway firm, Chamber- lain, World & Walker, and had charge of a supply store, while the partners were build- ing railways in Ohio and Pennsylvania. After having placed his sister at school at Cleveland, he purchased and paid for two hundred acres of land near the village of Lucan, in the Huron district, Ontario, then called the Queens Bush). On this farm his late brother's family still reside. In 1851, Mr. Whelihan went to Kingston, Ontario, and spent two years with the firm of Brown & Hearty, acquiring a knowledge of the dry goods business. In the spring of 1853, he removed to London, and spent a short time with the Hon. Frank Smith, who was then a leading merchant and importer in that city. Having branched out from that establishment in 1854, he settled in St. Mary's, County of Perth, and was a general merchant there until October, 1871, (except two years spent at Stratford), when he was appointed registar. In 1867 he purchased the business of Mr. Corcaran, wholesale and retail grocer at Stratford, and conducted the same successfully for fifteen months, while carrying on his farming operations in the township of Blanchard. At the end of the period named, he resold the business back to Mr. Corcoran, and repurchased his old establishment in St. Mary's, from which he retired in the spring of 1872. At twenty- four years of age he was appointed j ustice of the peace, and that office he still holds. He is also one of the license commission- ers for the South Riding of the County of Perth ; and is registered at Washington, D.C., as a Canadian magistrate to facilitate the drawing of pensions of soldiers who re- side in Canada, who were engaged in the late civil war. Mr. Whelihan represented the South ward in the town of St. Mary's, in the municipal council, for several years ; and he made the first audit sheets after the place had become a town. He is also a trustee of the collegiate institute, and takes great interest in education. He has been a faithful worker for every public in- terest ever confided to him. He is a mem- ber of the Roman catholic church, and has lived an unblemished life. In July, 1855, Anne Amelia Wells, of London, Ontario, was joined in marriage with Mr. Whelihan, and of fourteen children, the fruit of this union, twelve are living. His eldest daugh- ter, Mary Jane, is the wife of Dr. Han- over, of London, Ont. ; Charles Edward, the eldest son, has been his father's deputy for nine years, and has excellent business talents. Three daughters have been edu- 264 A CYCLOPEDIA OF cated at the Sacred Heart Academy, Lon- don, Ont., and two daughters and a son attend the Collegiate Institute, St. Mary's. The younger children are in the local schools of lower grade. Mr. Whelihan is giving his children a good mental drill, and rear- ing them in the ways of temperance, virtue and industry. During the seventeen years that he was in mercantile life, he was also engaged in farming, and has now one hun- dred and fifty acres in the corporation, his home not being more than five minutes walk from his office. His specialty is stock- raising, and principally in Norman per- cheron horses ; Ayrshire, and grade cattle ; and pure bred Southdown sheep. In Nor- man percheron horses he has some very choice animals, his own importations direct from France, and purchased by himself per- sonally from the most noted horse-breeders in the north of France. He deserves great credit for his enterprise, being the first one, so far as we know, in Ontario to import horses direct from France.. All others had purchased their first stock from Americans. Mr. Whelihan is proving a benefactor to his country, and especially to the locality where he resides, by improving the stock of horses, etc., in the country for miles around. In 1883, Mr. Whelihan with his wife spent three months in Europe, visiting many places of importance, combining business with pleasure, for during the visit he made some fine selections of Norman percheron horses in the north of France. These are now to be seen on his farm, which we may add, is known as "Thorn Hill Place," St. Mary's. Mr. Whelihan was at one time an active politician, but the nature of his office requires him now to maintain a neutral position. Hayes, James, M.D., C.M.,M.C.,P.S. O.,Simcoe, Coroner of Norfolk county,Ont., was born in Simcoe, on the 15th December, 1844. His parents were David Hayes and Maria Theresa Glennan. Mrs. Hayes was a daughter of the late Dr. Glennan, of Dub- lin, Ireland. In 1818, the family of John Haye1! left the town of Antrim, and sailed for Canada, and after landing they remained a short time at Quebec. The parents were taken with cholera and died, leaving the father of our subject, then in his eighth year, and he was taken to the town of Cobourg, where he remained till he reached man's estate. He learned the trade of liquor manu- facturing, and afterwards removed to West Flamboro', and established a distillery there. In 1832 he proceeded to Simcoe, where he established another distillery, which he con- ducted for a number of years. In 1855, lie retired from active business, and has since resided with his son, Dr. James Hayes. Mrs. Hayes died in 1847. James Hayes was educated in the union schools, and in the Grammar school of Simcoe. In 1862, he repaired to Montreal, and entered the medical department of McGill College, where he pursued his studies until 1866, when he graduated as M. D., C. M. In 1869, he received the title of M.C.P.S.O. He at once returned to Simcoe, and opened an office. In 1868 he purchased the drug bus- iness of John Winch, and associated him- self in partnership with J. F. Wilson. The business was continued till 1869, when Dr. Hayes sold out his interest, and devoted himself exclusively to his practice. In 1871 he took in as his partner Dr. Corlis, and this partnership lasted till 1873, when Dr. Corlis removed to St. Thomas. It may also be stated here that in 1870 Dr. Hayes bought out the drug business from Mr. Wilson, and took into partnership R. T. (now Judge), Livingston, the company being known as Hayes & Livingston. The business was managed by W. W. Livingston, now town clerk of Simcoe. This business was carried on for four years, when in 1874, Mr. Hayes sold out his interest to Mr. Livingston ; and from this time he has continued to attend closely to his practice, the result of which is that he now is one of the most prominent practitioners in the county. He applied him- self diligently to his profession, until 1883, when he bought the drug business from Mr. Livingston, taking into partnership at the same time John B. Farlow, and the establish- ment was now known as Hayes & Farlow. In 1885 the partnership ceased, and Dr. Hayes bought out his partner's interest. Dr. Hayes was for some years assistant- surgeon in the 39th battalion, Norfolk Rifles, and he retired in L882. In 1872, he was elected councillor for the town of Simcoe, and was re-elected in 1876-77. He then retired from municipal affairs for a time. In 1885, he was elected mayor of his native town by acclamation. He is connected with the newly developed mineral springs at Montana, with the Simcoe Worsted Woollen Mills, and other public enterprises. He is a Mason of Norfolk lodge, No. 10, A.F. & A.M, and is past master of the same lodge ; he likewise belongs to the Simcoe lodge of Oddfellows ; and is the physician of this lodge ; he is an Independant Forester, and the physician of that body, and is jail sur- geon and attending physician of the county Poor House. He is an Episcopalian and a CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 265 Liberal-Conservative. He married in 1869, Jennie, daughter of the Rev. Martin Living- ston, late minister of St. Paul's Presbyterian church, Simcoe, who was superannuated in 1875. Mrs. Hayes died in 1870, and the doctor married again, in 1873, Mary, daugh- ter of Wm. Bowlby, of Townsend. He had five children, two of whom survive. The second wife died in 1883. Pells, Thomas, was born in Toronto, on the 3rd of May, 1839. His parents were William Pells and Susan, whose maiden name was Dent, both belonging to Toronto. Mr. Pells came from Holt, Norfolk, Eng- land, in 1829, and landed in Toronto, then called " Muddy York," where he took up the business of bricklayer. He took an ac- tive part, at the time of Mackenzie's rebel- lion, on the side of the loyalists. He died in 1849, leaving a family of eight children, the subject of this sketch being the second youngest. Mrs. Pells died in 1875. Thomas Pells, the subject of this sketch, received a common school education. At the age of twelve years, when his father died, the fam- ily not being in the best of circumstances, Mr. Pells was obliged to devote the most of his time to helping his mother. He was one of the boys who first sold the Colonist, the Patriot and the Globe in the streets. At the age of sixteen, he was apprenticed to McBain & Withrow, whose shops once occu- pied the space on which the Grand Opera House, Toronto, now stands. After serving five years at carpentering, and learning the trade, Mr. Pells went to try his luck abroad, and set out for the United States, landing in New York. He remained in that city for one and a half years, when he left and went to Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the Southern States. Here he remained until the outbreak of the American war, when he returned to Canada, settling in Toronto. He now entered the employ of J. P. Wagner, where he remained until 1877, when he opened for himself in the business of builder and contractor, on Ade- laide street. In this business he still con- tinues, and is one of Toronto's most noted contractors, and the building of the fine premises now occupied by Farley & Co., was entrusted to Mr. Pells' hands. He belonged to the first militia corps, under Major Nickenson, and he was also a member of the old fire department. He is a stock- holder of the Central Bank. Mr. Pells is a member of St. Andrew's Masonic lodge, A. F. & A. M., also Egyptian Right of Mem- phis Masonic lodge. He likewise belongs to the Independent Order of Oddfellows, to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, to the Select Knights, the Royal Arcanum lodge, and to the Toronto Gun club. In all these societies Mr. Pells holds a very prom- inent place. He has travelled through the United States, visiting all points of interest. In 1885 he visited, together with Mrs. Pells, the New Orleans exposition. He is a Meth- odist, and a Conservative in politics. He married, on the 5th of August, 1862, Sophia Marion Baker, daughter of the late Job Baker, one of the oldest inhabitants of Toronto, who died in England, to which country he had removed in 1876. Mr. Pells has had three children. He is a most genial gentleman in social life, and one that attracts all with whom he comes in contact. We may add that Mr. Pells has just erected a handsome building on Ade- laide street, known as the " Grand Central Roller Skating Rink." Bradley, Alexander Priestley, Lieutenant-Colonel, Secretary to the De- partment of Railways and Canals, Ottawa, was born on the 26th of October, 1831, at Portland, County of St. John, in the Pro- vince of New Brunswick. Is a son of John and Jane Matilda Bradley, the maiden name of his mother being McColl. His educational studies were pursued in St. John, New Brunswick, and he attended the Grammar school in that city. He has held commissions in the 6th regiment, Cumber- land, Nova Scotia militia, as follows :-• He was appointed captain and adjutant on the 4th of August, 1854; major on the 18th September, 1863, and lieutenant-colonel on the 27th September, 1866. By militia gen- eral orders, dated 3rd January, 1879, he was placed on the retired list, retaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1848, he removed from St. John to Parrsboro', Nova Scotia, where he was employed in a merchant's office. He was appointed deputy registrar of deeds for the District of Parrsboro', Cum- berland, under commission dated 9th Sep- tember, 1852. He received the commission of registrar of deeds on the 16th November, 1857 ; was appointed postmaster on the 10th August, 1863 ; issuer of marriage licenses on the 9th July, 1864 ; and police magistrate in 1869. He resigned the foregoing on the 1st July, 1871, on his appointment as assist- ant accountant in the Department of Public Works, Ottawa. He was appointed private secretary to the Honourable Sir Charles Tupper, C.B., K.C.M.G., then minister of Public Works, on the 17th October, 1878 ; and held a like position under him as min- ister of Railways and Canals up to May 266 J CYCLOPAEDIA OF 23rd, 1882. He was then appointed chief clerk and secretary of that department. Mr. Bradley is a Methodist, and has been since childhood. He has held official connection with the church for many years, both in Nova Scotia and at Ottawa ; was a member of the Montreal conference for the sessions of 1884 and 1885, and is a member of the missionary committee of that conference. He married, on the 2nd November, 1854, at Parrsboro', Nova Scotia, Mary E. Chubbuck, daughter of the late James L. Chubbuck, and grand- daughter of the late Edward Dixon, of Sack- ville, New Brunswick. Our subject is well known as a capable, painstaking and zealous public official, and these qualities are inval- uable in a man at the head of a department so important as that presided over by Mr. Bradley. Taylor, Cyrus Miller, Waterloo, was born in Ancaster, Wentworth county, Ont., in the year 1831. He is a son of Abraham Taylor and Anna Baxter, both of whom cametothis country in 1817, from Jefferson county, New York state. Young Taylor's father died when our subject was four years old. In 1844 he went to live with his eld- est brother at Bridgeport, County of Water- loo,' and he received the principal part of his education at the common school. In 1851 his brother moved to the township of Wellesley, in the same county, and for several years young Taylor worked upon his brother's farm during the summer seasons, and attended school during winter. From 1858 to 1861 he was employed teaching school, and as a clerk, in the County of Wa- terloo. He married, in 1857, a daughter of W.H. Hacking, one of the pioneers of the present town of Listowel, and postmaster from its earliest days to the present. In 1861 Mr. Taylor commenced an insurance agency in the town of Waterloo. He had not been long so engaged before he con- ceived the idea of starting a company with the view of becoming its manager, and set about the formation of the Waterloo Mu- tual Fire Insurance Company, which com- menced doing business in the spring of 1863, with Mr. Taylor as its manager and sole agent. In a year or two, however, the suc- cess of the company was so great as to create a wider field of operations than could be at- tended to by him, in the capacity of manager and agent, and, therefore, agent after agent was appointed, until the whole of Western Ontario was represented. The success of the mutual principle, as it had been applied in the Waterloo Mutual Fire Insurance Company, suggested to the mind of Mr. Taylor the propriety of establishing a life Assurance Company, which should be purely mutual and entirely in the interest of its policy holders. Mr. Taylor immediately act- ed on his convictions, and with the assist- ance of Isaac E. Bowman, the then member of the House of Commons, and Mr. Springer, the member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, the scheme very soon assumed a practical shape; and application was made to the Legislature of Ontario in the fall of 1868 for the incorporation of the Ontario Life Assurance Company, which was g anted in the spring of 1869. The office of manager of the Waterloo Mutual, and the position of vice-president of the Ontario Life has been held by Mr. Taylor ever since the dates of their organizations. In the year 1861 Mr. Taylor began to study the views of a religious body styled Christa- delphians, and notwithstanding his preju- dice against a system of religious teaching so subversive of his previous convictions re- specting the religious doctrines taught in the scriptures, in a short time he became thor- oughly convinced of the truthfulness of the system of religious truth taught by those people, and connected himself with them in 1862. He has prepared the follow- ing synopsis of his religious belief :-That God, the great first cause, the creator and upholder of all things is a personal being, having a localized habitation in some part of his vast domain, styled Heaven in scrip- ture. That there is no other being co- eternal or co-equal with Him. That Jesus Christ the "Son of God" and "Son of Man" had no existence save in the purposes of the Deity until his birth. That on ac- count of his perfect and sinless life, God raised him from the dead, and he became the Prince of Life, to give eternal life to all his faithful brethren. That the spirit, whose source is God, is an all pervading principle,undefined in its nature,but known by its name and operations as follows:-1st. As a creative, life giving and life sustain- ing agency. 2nd, The medium through which God is omnipresent in all parts of His universe. 3rd, The channel through which God has spoken to us by " Holy men of old," and the power in the hands of these men by which they performed miracles in attestation of their divine mission. That these divinely inspired and attested words are the scriptures of divine truth, and are the only appeal to the intellectual and moral faculties of man to lead him in the " way everlasting." That the angels are a class of real tangible beings, immortal in CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 267 their nature, whose powers of locomotion are not to be attributed to their possession of wings, but to their immortal nature. That these beings, in their capacity as mes- sengers and representatives of God in carry- ing out His purposes in His dealings with man, have personated the Great Jehovah, "who dwells in light unapproachable; whom no man hath seen or can see." That the devil has no personal existence, but is sin personified, and that in the language of scripture, " When a man is tempted he is tempted and drawn away by his own lusts or desires." That man is entirely mortal. That his superiority over all other animals is wholly due to his superior organization and education. That he does not possess an entity within which survives the death of the body in a conscious state of exist- ence. That his innate longings for a life be- yond the grave harmonizes with the idea that God is his creator, and that He has re- vealed a way in which this hungering may be realized. That way is through the belief and obedience of His word, and a resurrec- tion from the dead. That in the interval between death and the resurrection " our life is hid with Christ in God." That there are no rewards or punishments bn til after the resurrection and judgment. That those will be raised from the dead who have be- come amenable to the judgment seat of Christ,by the possession of light and know- ledge. That the faithful among this class will be rewarded ' ' by this mortal putting on immortality." That the unfaithful will be " beaten with few or many stripes, end- ing in the second death." That those who have sinned without law, will perish with- out law, and sleep a perpetual sleep." That the Jewish people will be gathered back again to the " mountains of Israel." " That the kingdoms of this world will yet become the kingdoms of our Lord and his Christ." That then " the law will proceed from Mount Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem," when Jesus Christ will reign at " Mount Zion on the throne of his father David,before his ancients gloriously." That this earth is the everlasting home of the righteous. That Christ, the "second Adam," will establish such an order of things as will eventuate in the " restitution of all things spoken of by all God's holy prophets, since the world began." That then God's will " will be done on earth as it is done in Heaven" and sin, suffering and death will not exist in the universe of God. Finally, that the belief of " the things concerning the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ" and a " baptism into Christ" is the beginning of that path that leads to life eternal. Wiltelaw, Robert, Woodstock, On- tario, was born in the parish of Merton, Roxboroughshire, in 1827. His parents were Andrew Whitelaw and Isabella Gladstone. Andrew Whitelaw was, for many years a thrifty farmer in his native place ; but in 1840, he sailed with his family to Canada, settling in the town of Guelph, our subject being then in his thirteenth year. Farming was again commenced in the new country, and Andrew Whitelaw continued to reside on the farm of his eldest son, William, three miles from Guelph, till his death in 1846. A family of six children survived the worthy man, and Robert was the youngest. The lad received only a common school educa- tion, at the parish schools in Scotland, and worked upon his father's farm till he was sixteen years old. The following year, 1844, he left his home and proceeded to the town of Dundas, where he began to learn the trade of millwright, in the shop of the late firm of J ohn G. Gartshore & Co. Here he served an apprenticeship of four years; and upon the expiry of his term, went to the United States, settling in Buffalo. In this city, he worked at his trade for a short time, and then returned to Canada. In 1850, he bent his steps towards Toronto, entering into the employ of Lowe, Turner & Gibb, machinists, where he remained for two years. The firm now failed, and Mr. Whitelaw rented the shop of the bankrupt establishment, and opened business for him- self. Here he continued for about a year and a half, when he sold out to Henry Hawke. He now became engineer upon a large steamer, and thereafter was employed upon several boats plying-upon Lake On- tario. He continued in this business for two seasons, after which he removed to the town of Simcoe, where he took the posi- tion of foreman in the foundry of the late John Boyd. In the fall of 1857, he left Simcoe, and engaged as foreman with Thom- son & Muirhead, of Beachville, in the Ox- ford foundry, in which position he remain- ed for two years. He then purchased the interest of the senior partner, Andrew Thom- son, but in 1860, rented his interest to Robert Thomson. In 1862, Mr. Murhead and our subject purchased the interest of Mr. Thomson, and carried on business under the name of Whitelaw & Co. The part- nership continued till 1866, when Mr. Whitelaw bought out the entire interest of the establishment, and carried on the busi- 268 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ness himself. In 1874, he removed his business to the town of Woodstock, where he still continues with marked prosperity. It is proper to add that Mr. Whitelaw has had his share of reverses and crosses in his business life. His premises were twice de- stroyed by fire, once in Beachville, in 1869, and again at Woodstock, in 1875. Not at all daunted, this courageous and enter- prising man speedily erected a new and im- proved establishment, upon the ruins of the old one at Woodstock. In this splendid establishment, he now manufactures all kinds of machinery, including chiefly engines and boilers. His house, we may also add, has erected mills throughout every part of Canada. Mr. Whitelaw was elected coun- cillor for the township of North Oxford, and held the position for three years. He has been vice-president of the Woodstock Board of Trade since 1882; and he is a shareholder in the Millers and Manufacturers' Insurance company of Toronto. So far as our subject's religious views are concerned, we may say that he was brought up in the Presbyterian faith, but has since given in his adherence to the doctrines of the Baptist church. In politics, he is a true-blue Reformer. He married, in 1853, Margret Blackwell, of London, England. By this lady he has four children. Two of them, Robert G. and Andrew O., are in their father's employ. The firm is one of honourable repute, and is now firmly entrenched in the community. Kilroy, Rev. Edmond Burke, D.D., Pastor St. Joseph's church, Stratford, On- tario, was born in Ireland, on the 30th of November, 1830. His parents emigrated to Canada in 1836, and settled near Windsor, Ontario. Father Kilroy, after suitable training, and when in his fifteenth year, entered the University of Notre Dame, In- diana; and from this institution, graduated in 1852, with high honours. He continued his theological studies till 1854, when he was ordained a priest. From this period till 1856, he was one of the best known mission- ary priests in northern Indiana and south- ern Michigan ; through what at that time formed the missions which he attended, there are now twenty priests stationed. In 1856, Father Kilroy, was appointed president of the University of Saint Mary's of the Lake, Chicago, Illinois, continuing in this capacity for two years, and giving great satisfaction to all interested. But in 1858, he became pastor of the church in Laporte, Indiana; and short- ly afterwards was transferred to the City of Lafayette, where he presided over the most important parish, within the diocese of Fort Wayne, till 1864, when he took charge of the mission of Sarnia, Ontario. During the American civil war, Father Kilroy was ap- pointed special agent of the state of Indiana, by Governor Morton, to see after the wound- ed belonging to that State in the armies of the Cumberland, Mississippi and the Poto- mac. He readily accepted the position, as it gave him an opportunity of ministering to the spiritual wants of hundreds of Roman catho- lic soldiers, who otherwise must have died without the rites of their religion. From 1864 to the present time he has been actively engaged in mission work, in the diocese of London, as pastor of Sarnia, of St. Mary's, as rector of London Cathedral, and as parish priest of the City of Stratford. During 1876-77, he visited Europe, and travelled through England, Ireland, Spain, France, and Italy, with the Right Reverend Bishop Walsh, of London. During his stay in Rome, he received from the College of the Propaganda his doctorship in divinity. It need hardly be said that Rev. Dr. Kilroy, is one of the best known catholic priests in the province of Ontario. He is an eloquent and effective preacher, is an able lecturer; eminently sociable and kind in his manner, but above all, is untiring and zealous in his exertions to win men to virtue. This latter he seeks to accomplish by making virtue appear pleasing and attractive, rather than by a propaganda of rigid and austere piety, which, however good in itself, cannot be other than repulsive to the great majority of men. Todd, A. Thornton, Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born atBuncrana Castle, County Donegal, Ireland. Re- specting the family of Mr. Todd, we learn the following from Burke's Landed Gentry ; Thornton, James Henry Todd, of Westbrook, Co. Donegal, J. P. and D. L., was a lieutenant-colonel of the Donegal Militia. He was authorized by Royal Let- ters to take the name of Thornton in addi- tion to that of Todd, having succeeded to the estates of Sir William Thornton. William Thornton-Todd, of Buncrana Castle, Co. Donegal, son of Daniel Todd, Esq., by Letitia Thornton his wife, aunt of Sir Wm. Thornton, and grandson of John Todd, Esq , by Elizabeth Patterson, married Wilhelmina, daughter and heir of Daniel Patterson, of Fox Hall, Co. Donegal, by Jane his wife, sister and co-heir of Henry Vaughan Brooke, for many years member of parliament for that county, and had issue, Daniel his heir ; William, captain in the 85th Regiment ; James Henry, captain in 40th CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. Regiment, now of Westborough, and A. Thornton. Mr. A. Thornton-Todd, the subject of this sketch, married first, Miss Fitzgerald, daughter of Major R. Fitzger- ald, of Kingston, and secondly Miss Evans, daughter of the Rev. George Evans, of Dungannon, County Tyrone, Ireland, and has issue. Mr. A. T. Todd, received his education at Foyle College and Dungannon Royal School, and during the rebellion of 1837, he served in the incorporated militia as lieutenant in command of the St. Thomas Dragoons. Mr. Todd is now chairman of the Toronto Club ; and is also one of the direct- ors of the Standard Bank. Mr. Todd joined the Masonic order many years ago, and is a past master. Hunt, T. Sterry, LL.D., F.R.S., Mont- real, was born at Norwich, Conn., Sept. 5th, 1826, of an old New England family. His parents designed him for the medical profes- sion, but a strong inclination toward the study of chemistry, mineralogy and geology, prevented his becoming a physician. In 1845 he became a special student of the late Prof. Benjamin Silliman, of Yale College, New Haven, and afterward, his assistant. Prof. Silliman was for more than a generation the principal teacher of chemistry and geology in America, and his son, the second Prof. Silliman, had already organized a private chemical laboratory in connection with the college. This was the germ of the present scientific department of Yale-the Sheffield School. As early as 1846 the subject of our sketch was a worker in that laboratory, had a private class in crystallography and. min- eralogy, and published his first original re- search in the American Journal of Science, edited by Prof. Silliman. The Geological Survey of Canada then recently organized by Mr., afterwards Sir William E. Logan, required the services of a competent chemist and mineralogist. Mr. Logan applied to Prof. Silliman to supply the want, and Mr. Hunt was strongly recommended for the position, which he assumed early in 1847. His connection with the survey continued during more than a quarter of a century until July, 1872, when, much against the wish of the government, he resigned. His work during the long term of his service was not confined to the branches of chemistry and mineralogy alone, but embraced a large amount of field geology. During the latter years of his connection with the survey, its administrative details were under his charge. The most important problems presented by the geology of Canada are those of its crys- talline rocks. To their study Dr. Hunt ad- dressed himself from the beginning, giving the first clear notions ever presented of our earlier rocks. He afterwards gave the names of Laurentian and Huronian, laying the foundation of what he regards as the work of his life-the study of the problems of the origin and succession of the older rocks. While pursuing questions of great abstract interest and importance in geology, Dr. Hunt gave constant attention to the econo- mic and practical departments of the survey. He was the first to make known the deposits of phosphate of lime in Canada, and call attention to the commercial value of the product as a fertilizer. He collected and sent specimens to the foreign exhibitions of 1851, 1855 and 1867. He investigated the petroleums of Canada, and their distribu- tion. Later he studied in detail the salt deposits of Ontario, analyzing the brines, determining their geological origin, and pointing out the best modes of manufactur- ing salt. He early made extended analyses of the soils of Canada with reference to sci- entific agriculture, a work which has not re- ceived the attention it deserves. His studies of the mineral waters of the Dominion were the most complete of any ever made in the world, and enabled him to frame for the first time an intelligible theory of the origin of sa- line waters. During his connection with the survey he took part in the great exhibitions in 1856 and 1867, at both of which he was a judge. He was also one of the judges at the Centennial Exhibition at Phila- delphia in 1876. Dr. Hunt has done much work in teaching, having during the years 1856-62 been professor of Chemistry at La- val University, Quebec ; of which institu- tion he is still honorary professor. His an- nual course comprised forty lectures in the French language. Subsequently he was for some years lecturer at McGill University in Montreal. In 1872 he accepted the chair of geology in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, a post which he re- signed, in 1878, in order to devote himself to study and professional work. His scien- tific attainments and work have been widely recognized, both at home and abroad. He was made M.A. at Harvard in 1852, subse- quently received the title of Doctor of Scien- ces from Laval, and Doctor of Laws from McGill. In 1881 he had the unusual honour of degree of Doctor of Laws from Cambridge in England, in special recognition of his emi- nence in geology. Among distinctions ac- corded him in early life was that of being created a Fellow of the Royal Society of Lon- don in 1859. In 1874 he was made a mem- 270 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ber of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, which numbers one hun- dred of the most distinguished scholars and students of America. In 1882 he was one of those called by the Marquis of Lome to aid in the organization of the new Royal Society of Canada, and became that year the chief of the Section of Physical and Mathematical sciences. In 1884 he was elected president of the society. Dr. Hunt was one of the founders of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Philadelphia in 1849, and was its presi- dent in 1870. He took an active part in inducing the association to meet in Mont- real in 1882, and laboured strenuously in making that meeting the success it proved. An early member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, he was president of that body in 1877. As a founder and life member of the American Chemical Society, he became its president in 1880. In 1876 he organized, in concert with some Ameri- can and European geologists, the Interna- tional Geological Congress. At its first meeting in Paris, 1878, he was made secre- tary, and at its second meeting in Bologna, in 1881, he was elected vice-president. The third congress, held in the same year in Berlin demanded his presence, but the meeting of the British Association ren- dered it impossible for him to leave Mont- real. He is one of the vice-presidents for the Association's meeting, and moreover chairman of the Committee of Invitationsand receptions on behalf of our citizens. Among his decorations is that of the Legion of Honour bestowed by Napoleon III., and the cross of St. Mauritius and St. Lazarus, from the reigning King of Italy. Dr. Hunt's contributions to scientific literature are numerous. These include many publications in the Geological Survey of Canada during twenty-five years, and his report on azoic rocks constitutes a volume of the Geologi- cal Survey of Pennsylvania, to which he was attached in 1875-6. In the general catalogue of scientific papers, published by the Royal Society of London, we find his contributions, up to 1874, to have been 155 in number. Since which time his published articles, essays and memoirs have probably brought up the total to more than 200. A selection from these, entitled Chemical and Geological Essays appeared in 1874, and a second edition was issuedin 1878. Itis under- stood that a second volume will soon be forth- coming. As a popular lecturer on scientific subjects, Dr. Hunt is well known ; within recent years, he has delivered two courses before the Lowell Institute in Boston. His labours as a professional geologist and metallurgist, in questions connected with the mining and working of coal, iron, cop- per, etc., are widely appreciated in the in- dustrial and commercial world. A chemical green ink, which he invented in 1859, has given the name to American currency. He disposed of his patent for a small sum, and the application of his ink to the printing of greenbacks and bonds, conferred a handsome fortune on the buyer. A glance at the list of Dr. Hunt's scientific papers will show that his studies cover a wide range, not only in practical and theoretical chemistry, miner- alogy and geology, but in the lofty questions of general philosophy and the relations of the sciences. In his study of the older rocks he has probably comprehended a wider field than any other living geologist. His explo- rations have extended from the Gulf of St. Lawrence southward to the Gulf of Mexico, and westward to the Mississippi Valley and thence to the Pacific. In Europe he has made frequent studies in Great Britain, Switzerland and Italy, and has been enabled to co-ordinate the crystalline rocks of both continents, and to show their similarity of conditions. The conclusion of his work on the crystalline rocks, giving not only their classification and their succession, but the natural laws of their development, forms an extended memoir which was presented to the Royal Society of Canada, at its meeting in May last, and is now in course of publica- tion. Dr. Hunt married, in 1878, the eldest daughter of Mr. Justice Gale, of Montreal. The union has been childless. Dr. Hunt unites a very extensive acquaintance with literature, and good powers of criticism in art, to his attainments as a savant. Whether in the laboratory, lecture hall or drawing room, he awakens admiration by his brilli- ant and diversified powers. Cosby, Alfred Morgan, one of To- ronto's best known citizens, was born in the County of Welland, on 11th Sept., 1840. His ancestors were United Empire loyalists, who chose pioneering in a country over which floated the banner of England, to a new state fashioned by enthusiastic repub- lics, who crowned and uncrowned their own king every four years. Our subject has in his veins a mixture which has produced some excellent men, to wit, Irish and Scotch ; and he seems to have the fire of the one tempered and restrained by the cold caution of the other. Our subject was edu- cated in Toronto, and took away from the schools such knowledge as was regarded CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 271 ample for a life of business. Most lads on leaving school have their eye upon one occu- pation in preference to another ; and in the case of young Cosby, a banker's life had most allurement. So, in 1861, he entered the Bank of Toronto as a clerk ; and after a career of industry, and a display of much excellent business ability, he was appointed to the charge of a branch at Port Hope. This position he held until 1876, when he retired from banking life. Leaving Port Hope Mr. Cosby was chosen to the manage- ment of the London & Ontario Investment Company ; and at the head of this import- ant business he has remained ever since. It need only be said with respect to the busi- ness qualifications of our subject, what has already been stated, that he is energetic, and said by those who come in contact with him to be possessed of a clear head and a sound judgment. He does not feel any ambition to make a noise, and has not taken a prominent part in politics, but he is a Liberal. In religion he professes Presbyter- ianism, as did his ancestors. In 1870, Mr. Cosby married Clara A. Worts, daughter of J. G. Worts, of the widely known firm of Gooderham & Worts, distillers, Toronto. Our subject now resides in Toronto, and he is an important acquisition to the business and social life of the city. Rogers, Elias, of the firm of Elias Rog- ers & Co., Toronto, is a native of Canada. He was born on a farm near the village of Newmarket, on the 23rd of June, 1850. His parents were amongst the early settlers, and were well known as leading members of the Society of Friends. Mr. Rogers ad- heres to the same denomination, and since his coming to Toronto, has been largely in- strumental in organizing and establishing a "Friend's Meeting" here. Mr. Rogers' business career has been one of marked success. His early years were spent on the farm at his old home. When about twenty- one years of age, he began in the lumber business, and although not very extensively engaged in that enterprise, success attended his efforts. A few years later he became interested in coal mining property in Jeffer- son county, Penn., turning his attention entirely to the coal business, and, in 1876,. opened an office in Toronto for the sale of coal, at wholesale, throughout Canada. He also established a retail business, taking into partnership, soon afterwards, F. C. Dininny, a wealthy gentleman residing in Elmira, New York, who was largely inter- ested in the mining and shipment of an- thracite coal. The firm being in the very best position with regard to supplies, they have been enabled at all times to furnish the best grades of coal at the lowest prices. This, together with the strictly honourable course pursued by them, and a careful at- tention to business, has given them a first place in the coal trade of the Dominion. They supply the wholesale trade direct from the mines, while their facilities for the retail business in Toronto, may be j ustly said to be unsurpassed. Their sheds for storing coal on the Esplanade, between Berkeley and Sherbourne streets, are the largest in Canada ; and they have during the past year purchased a large property at the foot of Bathurst street, and have completed the erection of railway trestles, sheds and pock- ets, the first of the kind in Canada, where the cars are handled by steam power. The cars are drawn up an incline, and the coal is unloaded, screened, and loaded into the carts, ready for delivery, without the use of a shovel. They also do a large fire-wood business, and have the most modern ma- chinery for sawing and splitting. A con- tinuous stream of horses and carts may be seen passing in and out of their yards. Mr. Rogers is still a comparatively young man, and it is gratifying to note the continued success he has achieved. Roper, John Pollard, Milton, was born in 1825 in the town of Ashburton, De- vonshire, England. His parents were John Roper and Sarah, nee Pollard, and his father was occupied with the trade of wool combiner up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1848. Upon the death of Mr. Roper, Mrs. Roper, the widow, sailed for America, and she died in Cleveland, Ohio, U. S., in 1881. There were nine children, the subject of this sketch being the eldest, and out of this family there are only three now living. John P. Roper never received what people now- adays would call an education. When he was young it required a considerable purse to meet the expenses of a boy's schooling, but what education he received he put to good use. After leaving school he was apprenticed to Joseph Hamlin, a tanner, in the town of Buckfestleigh, Devonshire, aad here he served his time, and remained in Devonshire about thirty years. Then he left for Canada, landing at Quebec in 1853 ; and remaining there for a short time, he went to the United States, and stopped in Cleve- land, Ohio, where he was employed on the Lake Shore Railroad. In 1854 he returned to Canada, and, settling in Toronto, he en- tered and remained in the employ of George Michie & Co. for two years. In 1856 he 272 A CYCLOPEDIA OF left Toronto and went to Milton, and here he opened business for himself in the gro- cery and provision trade, and in this busi- ness he has continued ever since, and now carries on one of the most extensive trades in this line in Milton. He was one of the first councillors of the town of Milton, and acted in that capacity at intervals several times. He is at present a councillor in Milton. Our subject belongs to the Orange society, and has held several offices in that body. He has travelled through Canada and the United States, and profited much by what he has seen. In religion he belongs to the Church of England, and in politics is a solid, yet liberal, Conservative. He was married in 1846 in Buckfastleigh, to Grace Memmory, who died in 1871. He again married Mrs. Ann Speedy, and by the second marriage had four children. Mr. Roper is the gen- uine type of a warm-hearted, open-handed English gentleman, who likes to see all happy, and to draw around him many friends. In business circles he is not less popular than in the social sphere. Robitaille, Hon. Theodore, M.D., Senator, and ex-Lieutenant - Governor of the Province of Quebec, was born at Varen- nes, in the Province of Quebec, on January 29th, 1834. Our distinguished subject is descended from one of the oldest French families in Canada. One of his grand- uncles, M. Robitaille, was chaplain to the Active Militia Force of Lower Canada dur- ing the war of 1812. The family took an active part in the war on the loyal side. Another granduncle, the Rev. Louis Bro- deur, after spending seven years as a mis- sionary in New Brunswick, was appoint- ed curate of the Parish of St. Roches des Aulnets where he died, bequeathing his wealth to the Sainte Anne College, of which institution he was one of the founders. Another granduncle, Jean Robitaille, sat in the Canadian Legislature from 1809 to 1829. Our subject's father was the late M. Louis Adolphe Robitaille, N.P. Theodore received his early education at Varennes, but after a time he was sent to school in the United States. Returning therefrom he entered the Seminary of Ste. after- wards entered in succession the Laval Uni- versity and the University of McGill Col- lege. From the latter institution he gradu- ated M. D. in 1858. He was a most suc- cessful practitioner of medicine, but one of his taste, and ambition, and ability, could not be confined to the bread-and-butter routine of a profession. He always felt a strong inclination to enter public life, and he took a great deal of interest in political questions. He was first returned to the Ca- nadian Assembly for Bonaventure in 1861, and held the constituency till the union. He was always an active and efficient mem- ber, and promptly drew the attention of the House to his abilities. From 1867 to 1878 he sat in the House of Commons ; and on the 30th of January, 1873, he was sworn in- to the Privy Council as receiver-general for the Dominion. He was not destined, how- ever, to hold office long, for in November of the same year Sir John A. Macdonald's transactions with Sir Hugh Allan caused the overthrow of the government, and Dr. Robitaille resigned with the administration. On the 26th of July, 1879, he was appointed to the lieutenant-governorship of Quebec in the stead of M. Luc Letellierde St. Just. It will be remembered how this dismissal and of M. Robitaille's consequent appoint- ment came about, so that it is only neces- sary to refer to it briefly. When M. de Letellier was appointed to the lieutenant- governorship of Quebec, political feeling was in a very bitter condition in the province. The new incumbent was a Liberal, with the strongest party leanings. For advisers he had M. DeBoucherville, and men of such pronounced Conservative type as M. Chap- leau. He did not feel when the doors of the council were closed as if he were taking his seat among friends. Apparent cordiality existed, but there subsisted feelings of mu- tual distrust. Yet the lieut.-governor was powerless to do harm, being tied up with a constitutional claim to his advisers so long as they did not encroach upon his prerogative. But very soon they did this. They caused certain proclamations bearing M. Letellier's name to be published in the Official Gazette, and some of these said proclamations the lieut.-governor had not seen until they so ap- peared before the public. Adding these en- croachments upon his prerogative to certain alleged unwise acts on the part of his accusers, he found a cause against his cabi- net and dismissed them. This was unques- tionably a startling coup in a province en- joying responsible government, so long as the administration was supported by a majority in the House. At once the ques- tion was taken to the central parliament. The House of Commons, the majority of which were liberal and friendly to M. Le- tellier, refused to discuss the matter, but the Senate, the majority of which was con- servate, did discuss it and found the lieu- tenant-governor, so far as its dictum went, guilty. The next year the liberals were CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH F. 273 overthrown and the conservatives came to office. At once M. Letellier's act was brought up before the House of Commons, and ■censured by the majority. After some little delay, occasioned by the reference of the question to England, M. Letellier was dis- missed, and Dr. Robitaille appointed in his place. The new incumbent administered his office with firmness, impartiality, and dignity. Illustrious, respected, and admired he had been as an active partyist, and these same tributes were attributed to him for the higher judicial quality in his new sphere. He married in November, 1869, Marie Char- lotte Emma, daughter of P. A. Quesnel, and grand-daughter of the late Hon. F. A. Quesnel, for many years a member of the Legislature of Canada. Clarkson, Rev. John B., M.A., Belleville, Ontario. About fifty years ago near the city of Toronto, the subject of this sketch was born. He is the son of the late Thomas Clarkson, for many year a leading merchant of Toronto, one of the founders of the Bank of Toronto, and the father and president of the Board of Trade. Mr. Clarkson was educated at the famous ■school of the late John Mair, on James street, and for years at Upper Canada Col- lege, in the halls of which so many of the youth of our capital have received their life's literary training. Wishing to become a physician, he spent a year in a chemist's establishment, in order to obtain a more practical knowledge of drugs, before enter - tering upon the study of his profession. By a. slight circumstance, this purpose was com- pletely changed. He entered his father's mercantile office, and continued there with growing favour for years. His father's home was enriched by many sons and daughters, some of whom have reached eminent posi- tions, all of whom attended the Church of England, and were well drilled in the princi- ples of Christianity. Our subject entered the confirmation classes of his rector, the Very Rev. Dean Grasett, and was in due course confirmed by Bishop Strachan. These lectures were made a great blessing to this eager youth. His judgment was convinced, and his conscience aroused, conflict and distress prevailed under a deep conviction of sin. Doubt and darkness threw their gloomy pall over his mind and held sway for months. His painful condi- tion was overcome by looking in faith to the Lord Jesus, the Sun of Righteousness, whose brightness chased all the gloom away, and he emerged a new creature in Christ. The peace and joy which followed gave another character to life. Its pleasures were purer, its duties were accomplished more easily, and everything was viewed in the light of two worlds. All home and business claims were met with increased fidelity, while the leisure time was given to cottage visitation and tract distribution. Quick promotion in the very large busi- ness of his father, greatly increased his re- sponsibilities, and served to reveal his capacity for commercial pursuits. This was detected and appreciated by others. For, on becoming of age, an extensive merchant offered him a most lucrative partnership, but no commercial inducements were sufficiently tempting to effect business contracts, which would interfere with a long cherished pur- pose to enter other, and, to him, more congenial pursuits. He felt called to preach the gospel of Christ. This, however, brought a double crisis. His father's hopes for his commercial ascendancy were crushed. His own fears to enter Trinity College, as the only institution at that time available, to prepare for the ministry of the English church, were heightened. He shrank from the demand, and declined with sorrow. Widening fields of usefulness were opening in other branches of the Christian Church, which were eagerly and regularly occupied. Mr. Clarkson was attracted to the services of the Methodist church, and in course of time entered its membership and ministry. The way back to college providentially open- ed, and four years were happily and success- fully spent at Victoria University, Cobourg, where he took out the well-earned degree of B.A. During these years a full course of theology was satisfactorily completed. At Quebec, in June, 1863, and just after grad- uation, he was ordained to the office and work of the ministry. From that time to the present, Rev. Mr. Clarkson has continued to command some of the most influential pulpits of his church. Among the towns, eminent service has been rendered in Galt, Woodstock and Owen Sound; and he has occupied one of the chief appointments in five of our cities, viz.-Kingston, Montreal, Brantford, Toronto, and Belleville, where he is just closing his pastorate of Bridge street church, and as superintendent of the Belleville district, which is in the Bay of Quinte conference. He was for many years missionary treasurer of the London con- ference, and once secretary of it, and was elected to the general conference of Mon- treal, in 1878. His early commercial advan- tages are an ever-growing factor of useful- ness in the executive work of the denomin- 274 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ation. His public discourses are prepared with great care, and evince much research. They are packed full of good ideas and well delivered with a rich strong voice. They are quaint, incisive, distinguished for per- spicuity, strength of statement, and are exegetical rather than oratorical, pictorial another than logical. This last quality gives him enormous power over the youth to whom an art sermon is preached once a month. He is deservedly esteemed for his excellency of character, elevated by a rare sweetness of disposition which runs its brightness through his laborious ministerial life, all the duties of which are most con- scientiously discharged under a deep sense of their great responsibility. In June, 1867, Rev. Mr. Clarkson was married to Miss Whalley, the only daughter of the late B. Whalley, of Montreal, formerly of Leeds, England, who, after a life of great suffer- ing, passed away, in Toronto, in 1881. His present wife is the youngest daughter of Wm. Scarff, of Woodstock, Ontario. Their only child and son is called Douglas. Mr. Clarkson has travelled extensively on this continent, and has been three times in Eu- rope. His contributions to the press have been fugitive articles on various topics with an occasional scientific essay. Many allege that so strong a pen, should be more freely exercised. Elliot, Hon. William, City of Lon- don, Ontario, senior Judge of the County of Middlesex, was born in the year 1817, on his grandfather's property, where his father resided, at Stoniegate, in the County of Durham, England. Mr. Elliot received his education principally under the Rev. Dr. Mortimer, for twenty-five years head mas- ter of the London city schools, Englands and subsequently prebendary of St. Paul's. Mr. Elliot's father was of the family of the Elliots of Stobbs, in Roxburghshire, Scot- land ; and his mother was one of the Hut- tons of Marske, in Yorkshire. In 1836, Mr. Elliot's father, with his family, left New- castle-on-Tyne, to take up land on the Mis- sissippi. But his residence there was not entirely satisfactory, and the following year he left the United States, and settled on the river Thames, two miles from London, Ontario. After the death of his father, which occurred shortly after the arrival in Canada, Mr. Elliot occupied himself w'ith farming, and continued to do so till 1847, when he commenced the study of the law. In 1852, he was called to the bar, and at once, possessed of energy, much learning in the law, and abilities far beyond the average, began to practice his profession. Unusual ability is sure, sooner or later, to become apparent, and especially is this true in the case of the legal profession, where success in such a large portion of the field depends upon ability. Mr. Elliot was soon a bar- rister of respectable standing, and no one was surprised when, in 1869, he was called to the bench as judge for Middlesex, in the room of the Honourable James Small, de- ceased. For five years our subject acted as superintendent of public schools in the old London district, which then comprised the counties of Middlesex and Elgin, and he has had likewise a varied experience with municipal bodies. He married, in 1848, Miss Robinson, a daughter of Samuel Rob- inson, M.D., of Dublin, and sister of Mrs. Hume Blake, and of Judge Robinson, of Lambton. J udge Elliot and his family re- cently suffered a severe blow in the death of their son, Skeffington Connor Elliot, an es- timable and very promising young man, who fell in the conflict at Duck Lake, North- west territory, between the Dominion forces- and the insurgents under Louis Riel, on the 26th March, 1885, in the twenty-sixth year of his age. He was in an excellent practice in the law at Prince Albert, on the Sas- katchewan, when, with twenty-five other young fellows, he hurried to the front, to- uphold the supremacy of the law, and, with eight of his volunteer comrades, died on that fatal field for their country. His re- mains having been brought to London, his native place, the people of that city and. vicinity testified by a public funeral, and in many other ways, their regard for their brave young fellow-citizen. Judge Elliot belongs to the Episcopal church, and enter- tains the opinions which are represented by what are called the Broad church party. No one is more extensively known than he in the part of Ontario where he has resided for the last forty-nine years. As a judge he is, through his integrity, his ability, his patience, and his learning, an ornament and an honour to the bench. Gilliolin, Robert, Galt, was born in the township of North Dumfries, in the County of Waterloo, in 1833. His parents were Robert Gilholm and Ann, nee For- man, who resided in Borosden, Northum- berlandshire, England, and removed to this country in 1832. They settled in the town- ship of North Dumfries, about one and a half miles west of Galt, where the father adopted the life of a farmer. He had seven children, Robert, the subject of our sketch, being the third. Young Gilholm CANA Di AH BIOGRAPHY. 275 received a common school education, and went on the farm with his father. At the time of his father's death, which occurred in 1844, Mr. Gilholm came into possession of the farm, where he remained until 1859, when he leased the farm and came to Galt. Shortly after, he and George Hogg bought out the saw mill of Dryden & Sutherland, and now carry on the lumber business under the firm of Gilholm & Hogg. In 1879 he was appointed school trustee, which position he still holds ; and in 1883 was elected to the town council of Galt. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and in politics a Reformer. He was married in 1856 to Jane Scott, daughter of the late William Scott of South Dumfries, and has had six children, five girls and one boy. His son, Robert Scott Gilholm, is now carrying on the jewellery business in the village of Preston, a short distance from Galt. Mr. Gilholm is very deservedly held in high repute with all those with whom he has ever had any business connections, and in private and social life he is affable and highly esteemed. Brothers, Joseph, Milton, to whose conspicuous public spirit, intelligence and thrift the town of Milton is under no small indebtedness, was born in the City of To- ronto, on the 3rd of January, 1837. Mr. Brothers is the son of Joseph Brothers and Mary Sinclair, and he had thirteen brothers and sisters. His father, Joseph Brothers, was born in the County of Armagh, Ireland, and when in his twentieth year, he entered the British army as a private. He was destined to be more than a barrack-walking soldier, for these were the days when Na- poleon was terrorizing over Europe. So Mr. Brothers saw much service, being pres- ent in numerous engagements during the Peninsular war and received several wounds. The same intelligence, ambition and energy that the son found potent in reaching the prominent place which he now holds among his fellow-countrymen, enabled the father to rise from rank to rank in the army and pass his fellows, till he became quartermaster. In the year 1832 he was retired on a pen- sion, and sailed for Canada, and settled ir. Toronto. During all the stormy years that preceded the outbreak and the fiasco at Mont- gomery's farm, he dwelt in Toronto ; and when William Lyon Mackenzie rebelled, he promptly threw himself in with the loyalists. He was a zealous champion of the connec- tion between the colonies and the mother- land, and readily gave his services to the Crown as drill sergeant. This worthy man died in 1847. Joseph was past ten years old at the time of his father's death, but he received a sound education, and at the age of seventeen began to learn the trade of a machinist. Having mastered this trade, he repaired to Chicago, where he remained for a short period, and then returned to the' County of Halton, settling in the village of Palermo. A young man of his Character' and business address would not naturally be obliged long to solicit notice, so he soon entered into partnership with the late Jacob Lawrence in the business of manufac- turing implements. Milton soon held out inducements to him that he could not resist, and thither he went, entering as manager in the foundry of John White, ex-M.P, He had now accumulated some capital, and resolving to push his way, depending upon himself alone. After three years he pur- chased the establishment, and conducted it successfully, and to-day he is reaping the labour of his industry. In 1866, at the earnest solicitation of many friends who saw in him a man of unusual ability and high character, he presented himself as a candi- date for the town councillorship of Milton, and was elected, and continued in this posi- tion until 1880, when he was elected reeve, and occupies this position at the present time. Tn religion Mr. Brothers is an at- tendant of the Methodist church, and highly esteemed in that body ; and in politics he is a Reformer, and president of the Mil- ton Reform Association. In 1858, on the 7th of October, he married Mary Melinda Dorland, by whom he has had six children. Two of these, William Dorland Brothers and John Anson Brothers, are partners in their father's general business. These are justly regarded among the most prominent and efficient business men of Milton. William attends to the office in the capacity of book- keeper, and John renders assistance to his father in the general management. Mr. Brothers is a gentleman to whom the citizens of Milton owes a good deal, and it is pleasant to know that they fully appreci- ate his worth. Cameron, Hector, M. A., Q.C., Tor- onto, M.P. for North Victoria, Ontario, one of the most distinguished of our public men, and a brilliant and able advocate, was born at Montreal on the 3rd of June, 1832. Our subject is descended from the Glen Dessery branch of the historic clan Cameron, of In- verness-shire, Scotland. He is the only surviving son of the late assistant-commis- sary general, Kenneth Cameron, and is a nephew of the late John Cameron, that clever politician, who from 1857 to 1861 re- 276 A CYCLOPEDIA OF presented Victoria in the old Canadian As- sembly. Mr. Cameron had all the early ad- vantages in education such as careful private tuition could confer, and when he was suffi- ciently prepared, he was sent to England to continue his education. He entered King's College, London, and here, we are inform- ed, always held a high place among his many brilliant classmates. After he had gone through the course prescribed at this institution, he repaired to Dublin, and en- tered Trinity College as an under-graduate. He took the full course at this institution, revealing the same width and quickness of intellectual parts as he had shown earlier, and he duly graduated as B. A. in 1851. His education completed, he returned to Canada, and was articled as a law student in the office of Hon. John Hillyard Cameron, Toronto. We may say here that some time after his return to Canada he took the degree of M.A., at the University of Toronto. The same diligence that he exhibited in pursuit of his educational studies was noticeable when he entered upon his professional study, and at the Easter term, in 1854, he was called to the bar of Upper Canada. Later (1872) he was invested with the silk gown as Queen's counsel, and subsequently became a bencher of the Law Society of Ontario. On being admitted to the bar, he promptly entered upon the practice of his profession, establishing himself in the City of Toronto. Here his excellent education, his natural abilities, his attention to his office, his courtesy, and his general air of superiority, soon brought a considerable practice. From that time to the present that practice has continued to grow, not- withstanding that much of Mr. Cameron's attention has been devoted to political life, in which he takes a prominent part. He always felt himself drawn towards public life, and no sooner had he been admitted to the bar than he began to interest himself in the questions that engrossed the attention of the country. The first opening by which he might try his fortune occurred at the general election in 1867, in South Victoria. But the brilliant young barrister had not yet convinced the people that he wras a man whom they ought to take pride in calling their representative, and he was defeated. He returned to his office and resumed his practice, saying, however, to his disconsolate friends, " Don't be dispirited : I am not. This defeat only gives edge to my ambition to get into parliament, and I shall be there yet." The words sounded prophetic, and time revealed them to be so. Five years rolled round, and another general election was proclaimed. In 1874 he was in the field again, speaking with vigour, wide knowledge, and dignified restraint, but once more was he unsuccessful. Still undaunted, he continued to practice his profession, watching public questions at the same time. But Mr. Cameron was certain now that he had not been beaten by fair means, and some of his friends filed a petition against the successful candidate, Mr. Maclennan, who was unseated. Both men again ap- pealed to the constituency, but the unseated member was again sent back. Again, too, was the case taken into the courts, and once more was Mr. Maclennan's election declared void. The strife was now ended, and Mr. Cameron was declared the duly elected member for North Victoria. Mr. Cameron has held this seat ever since, and opposition to him now seems little more than a matter of form. At once, on taking his place in the House, he began to give evidence of the parliamentary brilliancy which had been predicted of him. He is not a fluent or a flashy orator, but he is ready of speech, and his arguments are always forcible, sound and solid. He possesses marked energy, and there is little chance of that measure lagging or failing in the House to which he has once lent his interest. On constitutional questions he is one of the foremost authorities in the country ; and it is upon men like him that Sir John A. Mac- donaid is in the habit of falling back for those opinions upon constitutional and other questions, which, through a press of other business, he has not the time to form for himself. There does not seem just at pre- sent to be an opportunity for Mr. Cameron in the cabinet, where his solid abilities might be turned to still greater account for the Conservative cause, but the time can not be very far away when a portfolio will assuredly come to him. Mr. Cameron has conducted a number of very important legal cases before the Canadian courts, and he was selected by the Canadian government to argue the question of the boundary of Ontario before the Judicial Committee of the Imperial Privy Council. Mr. Cameron married in August, 1860, Clara, eldest daughter of William Boswell, barrister-at- law, of Cobourg, and grand-daughter of Captain Honourable W. Boswell, R.N. Scott, William, was born in Galt, in 1838. His father was James Scott, who came to Canada, from Scotland, in 1829, and having first settled in Dundas, after- wards removed to Galt. Mr. Scott was CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 277 educated in Galt, and obtained a common school education. After leaving school he learned the building trade. In 1859 he went to the United States, where he remained for some time, and then he returned to Galt, and commenced business for himself in a planing mill, and in this occupation he has remained ever since. He was chief of the Fire Department for two years, and belongs to the order of Foresters, and holds the office of district chief ranger for Wellington and Waterloo. In religion, he is a highly regarded member of the Methodist com- munion ; and in politics he gives in his ad- herence to the party led by the Honourable Edward Blake, believing that the principles upon which it rests its fortunes, and the policy which it propounds, are best for the interests of our country. He married, in 1862, Ellen Yates, who died in 1875. He again married, on July 25th, 1882, Mrs. Mary Ann Laraway, of Galt. By his first marriage he had three children, and by the second marriage one child. Observing the devastation that intemperance is working everywhere in the land, Mr. Scott is an able and sincere advocate of total abstinence, and never loses an opportunity to forward, as far as he can, the great movement whose aim is the suppression of the widespread evil. Faucher de Saint Maurice, Nar- cisse Henri Edouard, Quebec, M.P.P. for Bellechasse, was born at Quebec, on the 18th April, 1844. He is a son of the late Narcisse Constantin Faucher de Saint Maur- ice, advocate, warden of the County of Bellechasse, seigneur of Beaumont, Vincen- nes, and Mont-a-peine, and of Catherine Henriette Mercier, both being members of distinguished old French families. Our sub- ject was educated at the Seminary of Que- bec, and he married in 1868, Josephine Berthelot D'Artigny, niece of the late Sir Louis H. Lafontaine, baronet. Our subject went to Mexico in 1864, and became a captain in the 4th Mexican Sharpshooters. He afterwards served with the same rank in the 2nd battalion of Light Infantry of Africa, and subsequently was aide-de-camp to general the Viscount Courtois Roussel d'Hurbal. He served through the entire war, was made prisoner at the siege of Sal- tillo, and was condemned to be shot, but he was afterwards exchanged. He was in eleven battles, two sieges (those of Oaxaco and Satillo), and tliirty-two engagements : he was twice wounded by a ball and by a shell, and had one horse killed under him. He returned to Canada in 1866, and was for fourteen years clerk of Private Bills of the Legislative Council of the Province of Que- bec. He has contributed largely to the newspaper press in France, Canada, and the United States. He is likewise author of the following works : " De Quebec a Mexico," two vols.; "Ala Brunante," novels, one vol.; " Choses et autres," lectures, one vol.; " De Tribord a Babord," one vol.; " Prom- enades dans le Golfe Saint Laurent," (through the islands and maritime provinces) two vols.; " Procedures Parlementaires ;" "Cours de Tactique ;" "Relations de ce qui s'est passe aux fouilles faites lors de la demolition des casernes des Jesuites, a Quebec," and "Rapport sur 1'Exposition Internationale de Geographic, Venice." He was editor in chief of Le Journal.de Quebec during one year and a half, and is now edi- tor of Le Canadian. He was for some time librarian and a member of the Council of tne Literary and Historical Society of Que- bec. He is a member of la Societe des gens de Lettres de France, and its official repre- sentative in North America ; is honorary chairman of the Press Association of the Province of Quebec ; was commissioner for the Province of Quebec at the International Exposition of Geography at Venice, in 1881, where his books received a first class dip- loma ; was the first president of the French literary section of the Royal Society of Can- ada. He was created a knight of the im- perial order of Gaudaloupe, by the Mexican emperor, and received the medal of the Mexican campaign from Napoleon III., and the military medal for valour and integrity given by the late Emperor Maximilian. He was created a knight of the Legion of Honour, 26th July, 1881, for exceptional military services rendered to the flag of France. He is a member, or corresponding member, of the geographical society of Paris, Bordeaux, and Marseilles, of 1'Academie Francaise de Rouen, of la Societe Archeo- logique et Historique de la Saintonge. On the 2nd December, 1881, he was elected a member of the Quebec Legislature for the County of Bellechasse, and that seat he still occupies. He has travelled in France, Eng- land, Ireland, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Corsica, Elba, Newfoundland, Labrador, through all Canada, the United States, Cuba, the Bahamas, Martinica, Mexico, St. Pierre and Miquelon. Hutchinson, Charles, London, On- tario, County Crown Attorney, and Clerk of the Peace for the County of Middlesex, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne, on the 22nd June, 1826. He is a son of Francis Hutch- 278 A CYCLOPEDIA OF inson, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, physician, and Frances his wife, daughter of George Losh, of Soisy, near Rouen, France, and grand- child of John Losh, of Woodside, near Car- lisle, England. Our subject's father was the only son of Captain Charles Hutchin- son, of the East India Company's service, who was actively engaged in the great events of the latter part of the last century, and the beginning of the present one in India. He died eventually in Sumatra, where he held a military command during the period of Britain's rule in that island. His father (our subject's great-grandfather), who was an officer in the British army, was married in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Charles Hutch- inson has a letter in his possession written to his great-grandmother, by a brother offi- cer of her husband, who was present at the wedding. Thus it will be seen that the family of our subject has, for a considerable time, had connection with Canada. The family of our subject's mother belongs to the landed gentry of Cumberland, and have owned an estate at Woodside, since the reign of King Stephen, as appears by a title deed of that reign. The name was formerly Arlosh. The property referred to consists of about 3,000 acres, beauti- fully situated about four miles from Car- lisle, and fairly fertile, and wooded with ancestral oaks. The subject of this sketch went first to the Royal Grammar school, Newcastle, where Judge Elliot also received a portion of his education. Young Hutch- inson afterwards attended a school near Durham ; and thence entered another insti- tution at Darlington. Family troubles, how- ever, compelled him to leave school early, and earn his own living ; and so it came to pass that before he had reached his four- teenth year, he accepted a situation in the office of the Walker Alkali Company, at Walker, near Newcastle. These works were established in the last century, by Lord Dundonald, father of the famous Ad- miral Lord Cochrane, and our subject's granduncle, John Losh, of Woodside, and were, at the time of his entering the office, the property of Miss Sarah Losh, the owner of Woodside and representative of the family. The life here, however, did not please him, although presenting fair prospects, and, therefore, having acciden- tally met a friend from Canada, Frederic Errington, a son of the vicar of Mit- ford, in Northumberland, whe had settled in Canada, and was at home on a visit to his parents, he determined to accompany him to Canada, with the view of farming. In the year 1846 he sailed for Canada, and upon his arrival stayed upon Mr. Erring- ton's farm at Westminster for a time. Six months at farming convinced him thorough- ly that the work was not suited either to his inclination or his aptitude ; so having made a number of friends in London, he removed thither, and articled himself to the late H. C. R. Becher, Q.C., a barrister of good standing. Alter five years study, he was called to the bar (November, 1852), and was immediately taken into partnership with Mr. Becher, his legal preceptor. This asso- ciation continued for three years, when it was dissolved by reason of our subject's de- parture for England. Mr. Hutchinson was a lieutenant in the first cavalry troop organ - ized in his neighbourhood. Mr. Rivers, then of the Bank of Upper Canada, but now manager of Molsons at Brockville, be- ing captain. Our subject served only a short period, as the work took up too much of his attention ; and it was a time of pro- found peace. He was appointed county crown attorney in March, 1858, on the creation of the office, and succeeded Colonel Askin as clerk of the peace in the fall of 1869. He joined St. George's Masonic lodge about thirty years ago ; and is now a member of Kilwinning lodge, at London. Mr. Hutchinson is a steadfast churchman (Episcopal), as his forefathers have been. He has been twice married : first in Detroit, in 1858, to Frances Mary Street, sister of William P. R. Street, Q. C., of London, who died in childbed in 1861. He married, secondly, Annie Johnson, daughter of Henry A. Johnson, of the Post-Office de- partment, London, by whom he has had eight children, six of which survive. In summoning up we may say, that if our sub- ject did not set apart for himself the politi- cal objects for which many strive so hardly, that he has in a less ambitious way earned a respectable crown, and fairly placed him- self among the industrious, capable and successful men whom we must call repre- sentative. Clarke, Hon. Charles, Elora, On- tario, Lieutenant-Colonel, M.P.P. for Wel- lington Centre, Justice of the Peace, and Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of On- tario, was born in the grand old cathedral city of Lincoln, England, within sound of the famous bell known as "Great Tom," on the 28th November, 1826. He was a pupil of Mr., afterwards the Rev. Thomas, Cooper, who became such a prominent figure in the Chartist movement in England. He subse- quently attended an advanced institution at CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 279 Waddington, Lincolnshire, under the tuition of George Boole, well known as the au- thor of several mathematical works, and who became first professor of mathematics in Queen's College, Cork, Ireland. Before he was fourteen years of age, he entered the extensive establishment of John Norton, of Lincoln, to learn the business of a draper. Mr. Norton was a prominent Radical, and an intimate friend of John Bright and Rich- ard Cobden ; and it is not to be wondered at if a young man like our subject, with eyes wide open for important public ques- tions, and yearning for the day when his own voice might be heard, should carry away in his mind the foundations of a very sound and very enduring liberalism. Young Clarke developed into manhood at a period when England was in the throes of a trade revolution, when the hand of the nation was at the throat of monopoly, and the Corn Laws were on their trial before the people. In 1844, he emigrated to Canada, following some of his connections who had gone be- fore a short time previously. He settled in the township of Canboro', in -the Niagara district, and devoted himself to farming. Four years later, he removed to Hamilton, where he found commercial employment for a time. Whilst so engaged, he amused him- self during leisure hours in writing descrip- tions of the scenery about Elora, for the local press. The merit of these contribu- tions attracted the attention of the editor of the Hamilton Journal and Express, and Mr. Clarke was solicited for contributions to that journal, and a little while after- wards became its sub-editor. Baldwin and Lafontaine were now at the head of affairs, and the paper gave the administration a cordial support. In a few months the young journalist got control of the paper, and thereafter during his connection with it, which lasted till 1850, It was conduct- ed with vigor and marked skill for a man of such little experience in colonial politics. A semi-weekly journal, in a pro- vincial town, was not a vehicle important enough for the conveyance of his thoughts, so he began to contribute to the Toronto Mirror, and he was requested by Mr. (now the Honourable) William Macdougall, to contribute a series of articles to the North American. These brilliant, sound and able papers appeared under the title, "Planks of our Platform," and very naturally com- manded wide attention. He likewise, about this period, contributed to the Dundas Ban- ner, Paris Star, Toronto Examiner, and other reform journals. In 1852, the Back- woodsman was started under his political editorship at Elora, and it did sturdy ser- vice in the cause of reform and general political progress. About this time, too, (1852) Mr. Clarke married Emma, daughter of James Kent, of Selkirk, in the County of Haldimand. This worthy lady died in 1878, and Mr. Dent, in the " Canadian Por- trait Gallery," pays this tribute to her worth :-" Mrs. Clarke was truly a help- meet. She was possessed of remarkable ac- tivity of body, was a clear and incisive thinker, a pleasant, not profuse, conversa- tionalist, and a mother among ten thousand. Her broad, common-sense views, and her cheerful application of them in the affairs of everyday life, were of service to her hus- band in facing many of the inevitable diffi- culties that arise during every long and busy public life " There were five children by this marriage ; and the only son, Charles Kirk, who, as a student, was on the medical staff of the Asylum for Insane, Toronto, for several years, and afterwards medical assist- ant at Hamilton and Kingston, is now super- intendent of Rockwood Asylum for Insane in the latter city. In 1881, Mr. Clarke married a second time, and became united to Rose, eldest daughter of James Halley, of Ponsonby, Ontario. In 1857, Elora was incorporated, and Mr. Clarke elected to the council. He was appointed reeve in the following year, and for many terms afterwards occupied a seat in the county council of Wellington. He was a school trustee for several years, and served for a considerable time on the Elora High School board, always evincing a zealous interest, in educational affairs. In all matters relat- ing to the progress of the town or his own county, he has taken an active interest ; but he is none the less a friend of the entire province, because his own constituency is so dear to him. In 1861, he was appointed lieutenant in a volunteer rifle company at Elora ; in 1866 he became captain, and served for three months at Chatham and Point Edward, during the Fenian raid. He was gazetted senior major of the 30th Wel- lington battalion of Rifles, and, later, was promoted to the command. He is a zealous, active, efficient, and popular militia officer. At the general election of 1871, he was elected by a majority of six hundred and seventy-four votes, for Centre Wellington, to the Ontario Legislature, defeating Mr. McLaren, a Reformer nominated by a Con- servative convention ; in 1875 he was re- elected by acclamation ; in 1879 was re- elected by a majority of six hundred and 280 A CYCLOPEDIA OF sixty, and was re-elected at the last general election. As Speaker (which position he accepted in 1880, on the retirement of Hon. R. M. Wells, and to which he was re-elected without opposition in 1884), his course has been characterized by a judicial impar- tiality, prompt and sound judgment, and a dignity and a firmness which, while never standing in the way of legitimate freedom of debate, have always kept discussion with- in the proper limits. As a writer, Colonel Clarke is bright, pointed, terse and vigor- ous. There is a literary flavour in his style, and a musical balance to his sentences. In repartee, he is quick, and sharp as a needle ; and in debate is ready, interesting, and effective. Gall, George, Toronto, the well-known Contractor and Builder, was born in the town of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scot- land, in the year 1840. His father was George Gall, a gentleman of sterling qual- ities, who pursued the occupation of archi- tect, contractor, etc., in his native country, his mother's name was Isabella Chalmers. His father died in 1872. George Gall, the subject of this sketch, received a common school education, and remained under tu- tors till he reached his fifteenth year. Then he was apprenticed to John Chal- mers, to learn the trade of carpenter and joiner. He served an apprenticeship of fo'hr years, and he then left and went to the City of Aberdeen. Here he worked at his trade until 1861, when he left Scotland, and came to Canada, settling in St. John, New Brunswick. He afterwards made trial of his fortune in Woodstock, a town just then budding on the banks of the St. John river ; but he was not attracted by the pros- pects that the place held out to him. In 1863 he had grown somewhat sick of New Brunswick, and sailed for Boston, which was only a short passage by boat from St. John. Here he remained a year and a half, and then he felt a yearning to go home again to Scotland. In a little while we find him on board ship, homeward bound. In 1864 he landed in the City of Aberdeen, where he remained, and worked at his call- ing, for the next seven years. But in the year 1871 the desire re-arose in him to see what fortune had to bestow upon him in the new world. So he went on board a vessel once more, and took passage for New York. In this active and rapidly expand- ing metropolis he plied his trade for three years; but at the end of this period he turned his face toward Canada. Arriving in To- ronto he resolved to establish a business ; and he began as builder and contractor. He was a man of good judgment, and be- ing ever on the alert, everything began to fare well with him in his new undertaking. Success had been his in so liberal a measure that in 1880 he bought out the planing mills and factory belonging to the estate of Wil- liam Elliot. In 1883 he entered into part- nership with Thomas McCraken, but this partnership was dissolved two years later (1885) : and Mr. Gall, our subject, found himself manager and proprietor of the entire concern. Mr. Gall has travelled through the principal cities of the United States as well as Scotland. He is a member of the Presbyterian faith, and is manager and elder of the College street Presbyterian church, Toronto. He has never concerned himself much with politics ; but he is never- theless a staunch Reformer. He was mar- ried in 1871 to Maria Mark, daughter' of George Mark, of Strichan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. By this marriage there is a family of six children. For integrity in business, and for success, he is esteemed as are all worthy men. Robinson, Christopher Blackett. Toronto, the editor and proprietor of the Canada Presbyterian newspaper, was born in the township of Thorah, Ontario county, in 1837. His father was born in London,. England, but was educated in Scotland, and remained there for many years ; and his mother was of Highland descent, and be- longed to the clan Gunn. Mr. Robinson, ■junior, entered journalism at the age of twenty years, and edited in Beaverton, for a couple of years, the Canadian Post. In 1861, he removed this paper to the town of Lindsay, where he continued to publish it for about ten years, during which time, through able management, the Post became a valuable newspaper property, taking high rank among local weeklies. In 1871, Mr. Robinson sold out his interest in the Post,. and removed to Toronto, where he began, the publication of the Canada Presbyterian,. which, under his energetic and wise con- trol, speedily attained great success. The Presbyterian, without pretending to be in any sense the official organ of the Presby- terian church, has won for itself high appre- ciation, as its large subscription list testifies, as a forcible exponent of the general public opinions of that body, and one of the recog- nized vehicles of intelligence specially affect- ing its interests, and indicative of its pro- gress. Mr. Robinson is also the printer and publisher of The Week, a weekly literary journal of considerable merit. CANADIAN BI0GUAPH1. 281 Bourinot, John George, Honorary Secretary of the Royal Society of Canada, Fellow of the Statistical Society of Lon- don, Honorary Corresponding Secretary of the Royal Colonial Institute, Clerk of the House of Commons, Canada, and author of several important works and essays, was born at Sydney, Nova Scotia, on the 24th of October, 1837. He is a son of the late Honourable J. Bourinot, Senator of the Do- minion, and grandson of Judge Marshall, of Nova Scotia. His mother was a daughter of the late Judge Marshall, well known as an advocate of temperance, and for his works on religious and social topics. His father's family came originally from Nor- mandy, were Huguenots, and settled in the Island of Jersey. The Marshalls were Irish originally. The father of Judge Marshall was a captain in the British army, and a loyalist. In his early days, our distinguished subject received his intellectual training under the tutorship of the Rev. W. Y. Por- ter, at Sydney. The preceptor saw much promise in the lad, and often spoke highly of his quickness of perception, and of the strength of his intellectual grasp. When this period of tutorship was over, Mr. Bour- inot's father conceived the idea of sending his son to the university of Trinity College, Toronto. At college young Bourinot dis- tinguished himself, and he always was a prominent figure in his class. His industry frequently called forth admiration : and he secured the Wellington and other scholar- ships. When he left college, he could not easily decide upon a calling. It was with the young graduate as it has been with all men possessed of a pervading literary in- stinct. He was restive, and looked with dissatisfaction at any course of life that promised only a drudgery and a routine, re- moved from the dear aspiration that was in him. The newspaper press has always afforded a sort of escapement for literary yearning ; and as was quite natural to ex- pect, to the newspaper press the young man attached himself in the meantime. He be • came parliamentary reporter and editor, continuing in such position for some time. Subsequently, in 1860, he established the Halifax Reporter, and was chief editor of that journal for a number of years. From 1861 to the year of confederation, Mr. Bourinot was likewise chief official reporter to the Nova Scotia Assembly. In 1868, he was appointed to the Senate as shorthand writer, and this office he retained until ap- pointed second clerk assistant in April, 1873. In 1879, he was promoted to the first clerk assistantship. In February, 1879, he was appointed first clerk assistant to the House ; and on the 18th December, 1880, he be- came chief clerk of the House of Commons. Through the greater part of his life Mr. Bourinot has been a tireless literary work- man, and his articles are remembered, by all who took interest in the discussion of important public questions. His essay on the " Intellectual Development of Can- ada," which appeared in the pages of the Canadian Monthly, was a careful, elaborate and valuable treatise on the intellectual de- velopment of the colonies as an unwedded brotherhood, and of Canada subsequent to the union. He has contributed to many leading papers of this continent, to the To- ronto Mail in its inception, and to the New York World. He was for years one of the best known contributors to the Canadian Monthly. His desire has always been to create a love for Canadian subjects. He has contributed papers to the Royal Colo- nial Institute, which have attracted much attention. One of these papers, which re- ferred to the Federation of the empire, was deemed so important, that Justin Mc- Carthy devoted a whole chapter of his " History of our own Times " to its consid- eration. An article in Blackwood, i to which he has been one of the very few Canadian contributors), on the " Progress of the New: Dominion," was reviewed by the London Times as " the best article that has yet ap- peared on the subject in a British period- ical." He has also written other papers in the Westminster Review, the London Quar- terly, the Scottish Review, and other leading British periodicals, with the view of making Canada better known to the British world. Of late years he has devoted his leisure time for the most part to constitutional and par- liamentary studies, and has Written a large work on " The Practice and Procedure of Parliament, with a review of the origin and growth of parliamentary institutions in the Dominion of Canada," which has been most favourably reviewed in England and Can- ada, and has already been accepted as a constitutional authority in every depend- ency of the Crown. The London Times, in a three-column review, wrote most ap- provingly of the work, and the Australian press has also noticed it in very eulogistic terms. Mr. Bourinot is an advocate of the grand idea of Imperial Federation, and a member of the executive committee ap- pointed at a public meeting in Montreal, in May, 1885, with the object of promoting the scheme. 282 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Wright, Rev. Peter, B.D., Stratford, 'Ontario, was born at Westruther, Berwick- shire, Scotland, October 15th, 1839. His parents, Peter Wright and Helen Cockburn, were persons of unblemished character, and •deservedly held in high esteem in the circle of their acquaintance. Mr. Wright received his early education at the parish school of his native place. Being favoured from child- hood with vigorous health and a strong mind eager for knowledge, he made the best •of his advantages under the vigilant eye of his teacher- and the fostering care of a Chris- tian home. Before he had attained his ma- jority, he took leave of his native country and arrived in Canada in 1859. For two years after he engaged in agricultural pur- suits, and had sole charge of a farm in the neighbourhood of Cobourg. During the short time spent in this pursuit, Mr. Wright followed his natural inclination for study, and by commendable perseverance in attend- ing evening classes, qualified himself to be- come a public school teacher. Having passed the prescribed examinations, he ob- tained a certificate, and for two years de- voted himself with much enthusiasm and success to the duties of that profession, while at the same time he prepared for matriculation in Toronto University. While pursuing his course as an undergraduate, with the ability and force of character for which he has since been distinguished, and after he had entered upon theological stu- dies, circumstances constrained him to turn aside for a time to his former profession of teaching. For three years he acted as prin- cipal of the High School at Norwood, and for one year as principal of the High School at St. Mary's, Ontario. In presiding over both institutions he fully evinced, by his methods of instruction and discipline, his eminent skill and proficiency as an educator, and received the clearest testimony to this effect from the Inspector and trustees. Had he seen fit to continue in this line there can be no doubt that he would have done much to advance the interests of higher education, and would have speedily enjoyed merited promotion. But he felt irresistibly called to the office of the Christian ministry and consecrated his life to the work of preaching the gospel. He accordingly withdrew from the High School of St. Mary's, returned to Knox College, Toronto, and completed his theological curriculum with distinction in 1870, and was, in due course, licensed and ordained as a minister of the Presbyterian church. His popular pulpit powers at once attracted attention, and in August of the same year he was settled as pastor of Ers- kine church, Ingersoll. His flock became much attached to him, and it would seem as if he were destined to remain among them. But the eyes of other congregations were turned towards him, and after being twice called to Chalmers' church, Quebec, he yielded to this importunate solicitation and was translated to that city in February, 1875. His ministry there was productive of much good. There was a marked increase in the attendance and membership of the church, and much religious interest awak- ened, especially among the young. Mr. Wright's next charge was Chalmers' church, Montreal, which he assumed towards the end of 1877. During a pastorate of over three years he was instrumental in extend- ing and consolidating the congregation, and in removing, in part, a heavy burden of debt which rested upon the church property. In addition to his ministerial duties, he ren- dered efficient service in the Presbyterian College, Montreal, as a lecturer in classics and mathematics, and at the same time en- tered with earnestness and zeal into the missionary operations of the Presbytery. It appears from the statistics of the General Assembly that the congregation of Strat- ford, of which he is now pastor, is steadily advancing in all respects under his care. As a theologian, Mr. Wright is Augustinian or Calvinistic, and has not been given to change. As a preacher, he is clear, forc- ible, and eloquent in style, and thoroughly evangelical in matter. As a pastor, Mr. Wright is diligent, tender and faithful, and readily gains the confidence and esteem of his parishioners. Smith, William John, Aiderman, was born in Toronto, on the 8th Oct., 1852. His parents were John Smith and Mary Mc- Garahan. His father was born in Toronto, on the 13th of September, 1811, and was thus one of its early pioneers. His father, who is still alive and in the enjoyment of good health, adopted farming as a trade. Wil- liam John Smith, the subject of our sketch, received his education in To- ronto, first from private tutors, then in the public schools, and completed it at the acad- emy of Mr. Orr, at that time on Mutual street. After leaving school, he en- tered the civil service as clerk in the Post Office department, and remained in the government employ until 1883, when he and 0. J. Smith joined as partners, for the purpose of carrying on a wholesale wood and fuel business, which they established op Berkeley street, near the Esplanade, and at CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 283 Tthis place the firm still continues to trade. In 1885, Mr. Smith was elected one of the aidermen for St. Matthew's ward, in the City Council, and is now a member of the wrater works, the fire and gas, exhibition and recep- tion committees. He belongs to the Freema- sons, and was also at one time a member of the Orange order. He has travelled through the whole of Canada and the United States. In religion he belongs to the Church of Eng- land, and in politics is a Conservative. He married, in 1872, Julia Blanche Kerrison, daughter of the late John David Kerrison, of England. By this lady he has two chil- dren. He is exceedingly popular, and the secret of his popularity lies in his ready, capable intellect, and a great fund of bon- ■hommie. In society, Mr. Smith is a very decided favourite. Duhamel, Joseph, Barrister, Q.C., Montreal, was born in the city just named,on the 20th January, 1836. His parents were Joseph Duhamel and Domethilda Mousset. His father was a worthy merchant, in the •City of Montreal, and is now retired from business, and in his eighty-fourth year. At the age of seven, young Duhamel, our sub- ject, entered the preparatory department of the College of St. Therese, and subsequently took a full course at the College of St. Hyacinthe. At eighteen he had completed a brillant classical career at the Jesuits' Col- lege in Montreal. He then selected law as his profession. He passed his term of study in the office of Badgley & Abbott, one of the most eminent Montreal legal firms at that time. Upon his admission to the bar on the 7th April, 1857, he formed a partnership with the late CyriHe Archam- bault, a gentleman of great reputation in the profession, who whilst travelling came to an untimely death by the explosion of the boiler of the steamer St. John, in New York. He afterwards formed a partnership with Gustave Drolet, now retired from the practice of his profession, and a cheva- lier of the Legion of Honour, France. Mr. Duhamel afterwards became the head of the firm of Duhamel, Rainville, Rinfret & Rainville. The acceptance by one of this firm of a superior court judgeship, and the demise of another, caused it to be changed to Duhamel, Pagnuelo & Rainville. The pre- sent name of the firm is Duhamel, Rainville & Marceau. Owing to his high reputation among his fellow countrymen, his great ora- torical qualities, knowledge of the law, and his unbounded energy and devotion to his profession, Mr. Duhamel, almost immediately on his entering the bar, commanded one of the largest practices of the Montreal bar. His legal career has been both useful to his countrymen and lucrative to himself. He is one of the legal advisers of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, the Canada Atlantic Railway Company, the Jacques Cartier Union Railway, and has also a large com- mercial practice representing many whole- sale houses, etc. An aiderman at nineteen, Joseph Duhamel had already served two years in the city council of Montreal before he reached his majority, an example of popular favour unknown in the his- tory of the municipal government of Mont- real. In those days the question of repres- entation according to nationality in the city council was very prominent. The residents of St. Mary's ward solicited Mr. Duhamel to be- come a candidate ; and he was selected over the head of many older aspirants by a large majority. Mr. Duhamel did not disappoint the sanguine anticipation of those who had brought him forward. Indeed so thor- oughly satisfied were they with their choice that when his term of office had expired, his contituents strongly urged him to present himself again, but he declined on account of his professional duties. Some years after- wards, yielding to the solicitations of his friends, leading merchants, lawyers, etc., of the Montreal east ward, he was re-elected for three years more, and during this time he devoted himself with much zeal and assiduity to the interest of Montreal. During the last twenty years, Mr. Duhamel has been repeatedly solicited to become a candidate for the mayoralty. In 1884 again, a large and influential deputation of men represent- ing all nationalities and professions waited upon him, and urged him to allow himself to be put in nomination, but his professional duties requiring all his time, he declined. In politics Mr. Duhamel has always been a Liberal, and to his assistance both by pen, and speech on the public platforms, the lib- eral party is under very considerable obli- gations. Immediately on his leaving college, he took an active part in electoral struggles. At twenty, he was the victim of his devotion to his party at an election which took place for the Alma division, a thorough conserva- tive constituency. At a meeting of the whole division which took place at Sault-au- Recollet, he had in spite of the threats of a crowd, composed of several thousand per- sons, succeeded in getting on the platform, and when there, he spoke so successfully that the enemies of the Liberal party to put an end to the discussion, suddenly overthrew the hustings and attacked him with sticks, 284 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF and fired several pistol shots at him, and left him for dead on the spot. When at- tended to, it was found that two of his ribs and his right arm had been broken, a large wound had been received on his head, and in consequence of which he was confined to his bed during several weeks. Mr. Duhamel has repeatedly been asked to become a can- didate for legislative honours, but has always preferred to devote himself to the law, a career in which his energy and ability have been crowned with great success. On the 28th of April, 1882, as a mark of respect, as well as an acknowledgment of his talents, and of his faithfulness to his party, in the Province of Quebec, Mr. Duhamel was unanimously elected president of the Reform Association. It is not unreasonable to sup- pose that the sterling qualities, which have enabled him to fulfil so well his duties will win success in a still more extensive field of action, and should he ultimately consent to enter the political arena, he will, no doubt attain the position which his ability seems to mark out for him. Mr Duhamel travelled through Europe, during the year 1876. He was married in 1859, to Alphon- sine Masson, daughter of the late Damase Masson, who was formerly one of the most eminent wholesale merchants of the City of Montreal, and one of its most useful and enterprising citizens. Our subject is, a Roman catholic. Gisborne, Frederic IVewton, Engin- eer and Electrician, was born at Broughton, Lancashire, England, March Sth, 1824. From a late publication entitled " Derby and Derbyshire Worthies," we take the fol- lowing extract :-The family of Gisborne is perhaps one of the oldest and most honoured of the county "trees" of England. It is of Saxon origin, and was in the old days spelt " Gisburn." For a very long while they lived in Yorkshire, where they held a large estate, known as "Gisburn Park." During the loth century, however, they left the shire of many acres, and settled in Derbyshire and London. In an old regis- ter in the church of St. Alkmund, Derby, are recorded the names of the children of Thomas Gisborne, accompanied by the dates of 1539 and 1541 respectively, whilst in Staveley church, there is a monument con- taining an inscription to the " Rev. John Gisborne, rector of Staveley, and preben- dary of Durham, and his three children, General Gisborne, Dr. Gisborne (physician to His Majesty King George III.), and the Rev. Francis Gisborne." During their long connection with the county, the Gisbornes have been prominently associated with many public movements of importance, several of their number greatly distinguished them- selves for their philanthropy-and enlight- ened service. The Rev. F. Gisborne left large bequests to different county institu- tions, and founded many charities. He also left the princely sums of £10,000 to Green- wich hospital, and £20,000 to St. Peter's college, Cambridge, with which fund " Gis- borne Court " was built and some scholar- ships established. The late Rev. Thomas Gisborne, prebend of Durham, whose eldest son was M. P. for North Derbyshire, and for Carlow, Ireland, and his brother, John Gisborne, of Darley Dale, were widely known and respected. Several members of the family were Cambridge wranglers and mayors of Derby, and have acquired a fam- ily connection with the Poles, Batemans, Byrons, Babingtons, Darwins, Evans, and other houses of historic note. Frederic Newton Gisborne, the subject of this bio- graphy, is grandson of John, and eldest son of Hartley P. Gisborne, of Darley Dale, Derbyshire; and on his mother's side re- ceived his second name from her famous ancestor, Sir Isaac Newton. He was edu- cated by the Rev. R. Pidcock, vicar of Warslow, Staffordshire. Dr. Cowan, Tox- leth Park, Liverpool, and Rev. W. Thomp- son, of Cheadle, Cheshire, assisted by spe- cial instructors in mathematics, civil engi- neering, botany, etc. In January, 1842, young Gisborne started upon a journey round the world, and during a tour of three and a half years visited the Cape de Verd and other Atlantic ocean islands, Australia, New Zealand and the Society islands, where he remained some time, taking an active part in withstanding the French occupation of those islands. He quitted Tahiti when the natives were defeated and Queen Pomare was banished to Bola-Bola. He then visit- ed Pitcarn's Island, the romantic home of the descendants of the mutineers of H. M. S. Bounty, where he was the guest of October Christian, the first child born upon that is- land. After touching at several other groups he arrived at the Sandwich islands, visiting during subsequent explorations Mouna Roa, the grandest volcano in the world, on the island of Hawaii. Thence he sailed to the Gulf of California, and landing upon the coast, rode across the continent to Vera Cruz, via the City of Mexico. He then travelled through Yucatan and Guatamela, and being from youth a keen sportsman and unerring rifle shot, had many stirring adven- tures during his travels, which terminated CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 285 pro tem. by his return to England during the spring of 1845. Finding, upon arriving home, that family affairs necessitated prompt action and example, Mr. Gisborne, accom- panied by his younger brother Hartley (who, some years later, became Director of tele- graphs in Egypt, where he resided for nearly twenty years) sailed for Canada, where they arrived during July, 1845, and almost im- mediately afterwards purchased a farm near St. Eustache, where they resided until May, 1847. Finding such pursuit uncongenial, and noting the successful advent of the electric telegraph in England and the United States, F. N. Gisborne became one of the first operators of the Montreal Telegraph Company, and for that company opened the first station at Quebec, in the old Mer- chants' Exchange. Associated with the leading men of Quebec, the British North American Electric Telegraph Association was then formed for the purpose of connect- ing the Maritime Provinces with the Can- adas, and with the liberal consent and good will of the Montreal company, Mr. Gisborne was appointed general manager of the asso- ciation, and was deputed to visit New Bruns- wick and Nova Scotia, where he explained the new science to the legislatures, then in session, and lectured before the public on the practical value of telegraphic communi- cation throughout the continent. His mis- sion was so successful that the government of Nova Scotia undertook to erect a line from Halifax to Amherst conditionally upon Mr. Gisborne's services being trans- ferred to them by the association which he represented. This request was finally agreed to, and Mr. Gisborne returned to Quebec via the north shore of New Brunswick, during which journey he walked on snow- shoes between Campbelltown and Metis, dragging over 100 lbs. weight on a tobog- gan across the Gaspe mountains, 108 miles, within three days. For this service he was awarded a handsome gratuity by the assoc- iation. From the spring of 1849 to 1851, Mr. Gisborne was superintendent and chief operator of the'government lines at Halifax, during which period he was observant of the discovery of gutta-perch as an imperish- able, subaqueous, insulating material, prior to which he was associated with the Hon. F. 0. I. Smith, of the state of Maine, in several practical experiments for convey- ing electric signals through submerged unin- sulated metallic circuits. Shortly after his arrival in Halifax, Mr. Gisborne strongly ad- vocated an attempt being made to establish telegraphic communication with the Island of Newfoundland, and by permission of the government of Nova Scotia, during the win- ter of 1850-51, visited that Island, with this special object in view. When there he contracted to erect a land line between St. John's and Carbinear, via Harbour Grace, which he completed that summer ; and started on September 1st, 1851, with a party of six men to survey on foot a practical route accross the widest and most rugged section of Newfoundland, from St. John's westward to Cape Ray. Parting with his men, mid-way at Long harbour, whence they returned by boat, Mr. Gisborne accom- plished the remaining two-thirds of the journey, accompanied by two Indians, one of whom died within a few days, from the hardships encountered. During the winter session of 1851-52, the legislature of the island granted to F. N. Gisborne, and his associates, a telegraph construction charter, with exclusive privileges for the term of thirty years, and, by permission, with most flattering testimonials from the govern- ment of Nova Scotia, Mr. Gisborne re- signed his superintendency, and a good salary to carry out the enterprise, which he had himself projected and initiated. He then visited New York, and there obtained an assurance of all the capital required from Horace B. Tibbetts, and D. B. Holbrooke, of New York, and from Thos. A. Dexter, and General John Tyler, of Boston ; and upon his return to Halifax, laid before the Hon. Joseph Howe, the then astounding and apparently chimerical project of a trans- atlantic submarine cable connecton, between Newfoundland and Ireland. The annexed letter from Mr. Howe, when Secretary of State for Canada, and the published cor- respondence between I. W. Brett, and Mr. Gisborne, in the early part of 1852, (one year after the laying of the first ocean cable, between England and France), are proofs positive, that to Mr. Gisborne, and to Can- ada is due the credit of the conception and primary practical movement for transatlan- tic telegraphy, and if further evidence be required, note an appendix to the Rev. M. Harvey's text book of the history of New- foundland, Mr. Harvey being personally conversant with the enterprise from its ear- liest initiation. On the 20th of November, 1852, Mr. Gisborne, under exceptionably difficult circumstances, laid the first ocean cable on this side of the Atlantic, connec- ting Prince Edward Island with New Bruns- wick, and when occupied with several hundred labourers, during the following spring, of 1853, in constructing the land 286 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF line across Newfoundland, the New York capitalists disagreed among themselves, as to a division of their respective interests in the undertaking, and stopped payment, thus leaving Mr. Gisborne responsible for $50,000 of indebtedness, over and above the proceeds of his private property, in sealing vessels and land, which he at once utilized in part payment of the company's liabilities. The government of Newfound- land, also assisted in paying labourers' wages in a most noble and liberal manner, relying upon Mr. Gisborne's assurance, that he could and would re-organize the enterprise. In accordance with such promise, Mr. Gis- borne again visited New York, during the winter of 1853-54, and there, for the first time, met Cyrus W. Field, who was at that period, a licensed junk dealer and a well- to-do dealer in rags, etc., for paper manu- facturing, but had no connection with tele- graphy whatsoever. After examining Mr. Gisborne's plans, and reading his correspon- dence with Mr. Brett, Mr. Field was greatly impressed with the immense importance of the enterprise, and their after negotiations terminated by Mr. Gisborne returning to St. John's, Newfoundland, accompanied by Cyrus W. Field and his brother Dudley, the well-known lawyer, when the legisla- ture, per Mr. Gisborne's petition, cancelled the original charter to himself and his associates, and granted a new one to the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company, incorporating Peter Cooper, Moses Taylor, Marshall O. Rob- erts, Chandler White, Cyrus W. Field, and Frederick Newton Gisborne, with ex- tended privileges and exclusive rights dur- ing a period of fifty years from that date. Mr. Gisborne was appointed chief engineer, but, for good and sufficient reasons, resigned within a month, and during the remain- der of that year travelled throughout the United States. After great waste of capital in an unsuccessful attempt to construct the land line across Newfoundland, under the management of Mr. Field's brother Mathew and other American engineers, Mr. Gisborne was solicited and again accepted the chief engineership, and by the first week of October, 1856, completed the work to the entire satisfaction of the company, receiving from the venerable philanthropist, Peter Cooper, as president of the enterprise, a flattering testimonial as to his skill, energy, and integrity. Mr. Gisborne then engaged with Cyrus W. Field and the late Sir Ed- ward Archibald, British Consul at New York, to proceed to India, and there, upon joint account, secure privileges and pecun- iary assistance for submarine cable connec- tion with Bombay, via the Red Sea, with further eastern extension ; but, upon arriv- ing in London, he became acquainted with facts, re C. W. Field's private negotiations with Mr. Brett, re transatlantic connec- tions, which, among other reasons, induced him to abandon the contemplated journey and all connection with telegraphy, pro tern.. That Mr. Gisborne committed a grave error by abandoning a profession in which he had become eminent, he is now free to allow. In May, 1857, he returned to Newfoundland, and at a public dinner was presented with a valuable statuette in silver, representative of science and perseverance, and bearing the following inscription:-"As a testimonial of the high esteem entertained for him by the community of Newfoundland, and for the indomitable energy he displayed in traversing the hitherto unexplored regions of the island, preparatory to the introduc- tion of the electric telegraph, as well as to mark the universal admiration of his suc- cessful endeavours and scientific ability in carrying out that enterprise, which he him- self projected. Labor omnia vincit. 1856."' For several years he afterwards devoted himself to mining pursuits, during which time he explored the island eastward around the coast, from Cape Ray to the Straits of Belle Isle, being associated in several ven- tures with his staunch friend, the late Hon. Charles Fox Bennett, at one time premier of the colony. While actively engaged in such pursuits, he met with a severe gun shot wound, which for some time incapacitated him from physically arduous explorations, and returning to London devoted his at- tention to scientific pursuits and inventions. While there he had the honour of repre- senting the interests of Newfoundland, as- acting Commissioner, at the great exhibi- tion of 1862, and three years later again, re- presented that colony at the great Paris exhibition of 1865. He was also appointed London Agent for mines and minerals by the government of Nova Scotia, and, during 1869, again crossed the Atlantic to investi- gate the gold quartz leads of that province. Meanwhile, during his residence in London, Mr. Gisborne was a regular exhibitor at the soirees of the Royal Society, and was noted for the variety and value of his inventions, for which nine medals have been awarded. Among these were :-His electric, pneu- matic, and mechanical ship signals ; anti- corrosive and anti-fouling compositions for the bottoms of iron ships ; the electric re- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 287 cording target, improvements in gas illumin- ation, etc. We may here add that his sem- aphore was awarded a gold medal at our late Fishery Exhibition in London, his latest inventions being an anti-induction cable, an iron telegraph pole with iron cross arms, which have been adopted by the Cana- dian Government for use on their north- west prairies, and an improved telephone. His recent maps of Canada are also in high repute. During his visit to Nova Scotia in 1869, Mr. Gisborne became interested in the coal fields of Cape Breton, where, as chief engineer of an English company,which finally expended over three millions of dol- lars in that country, he established and de- veloped the Reserve, Lorway, Emery, and Schooner Pond collieries; superintended the construction of the Sydney to Schooner Pond railway; and, as contractor, construct- ed the Lorway to Louisburg railway, in all forty-two miles in length, with two im- mense shipping piers at Sydney and Louis- burg harbours. The then existing high price of coal, and anticipated increasing value of coal fields throughout the world, having proved to be temporary and falla- cious, the company collapsed, and, conse- quent upon such unlooked for disaster, Mr. Gisborne had to begin the world afresh, at an age when the best energies of most men are on the wane. For a season gold mining in Nova Scotia continued to occupy his at- tention, but, prospects being discouraging, Mr. Gisborne, in 1879, was offered and ac- cepted the superintendency of the Dominion Government Telegraph and Signal Service, the position which he at present occupies. The successful and satisfactory manner in which he has carried out the Hon. Dr. For- tin's gulf cable scheme, reorganized and made remunerative the British Columbia service, and rapidly constructed first-class military telegraph lines in the North-west, during the late rebellion, is a matter of pres- ent history ; and his numerous and most flattering testimonials from the various gov- ernments and companies whom he has faith- fully served, are the best evidences of the usefulness of his career. Mr. Gisborne is a ready speaker, and has lectured frequently upon a great variety of subjects. He is also a pungent writer of press articles. Mr. F. N. Gisborne married, 1st September, 1850, Alida Ellen, second daughter of the late I. E. Starr, Halifax, Nova Scotia, by whom he had two children. She died in Prince Edward Island, January, 1854, at the early age of nineteen ; and in April, 1857, Mr. Gisborne married Henrietta, youngest daughter of the late Francis Hernaman, of Broadmead, Newton-Abbot, Devon, Eng- land, by whom he has four children now living. The eldest, Francis H., is one of the barristers in the Department of Justice, Ottawa ; and the second, Hartley, is dis- trict superintendent of the Government Telegraph Service in Manitoba and the- North-West provinces. Mr. Gisborne is one of the original fellows nominated to the Royal Society of Canada. He is a member- of the Institution of Engineers and Elec- tricians, London, England, and has from- time to time been a member of the Society of Arts and other scientific institutions. He is a member of the Church of England, and broad and liberal in his views. He is thoroughly conversant with the resources of the Dominion, having resided in and trav- elled over every province of Canada, been the direct means of introducing a very large amount of capital and much, skilled labour into the country, and has undoubtedly at heart the best interests of the Dominion with which he has been so intimately connected for over forty years. The following is the letter from the Hon.. Joseph Howe, alluded to in the foregoing sketch : My dear Gisborne,-Without desiring, in the slightest degree, to undervalue the services ren-- dered to civilization by the body of eminent men who have just been rewarded for laying the Atlan- tic cable, I own to some feeling of disappoint • ment in not seeing any mention made of your name, as I have reason to believe you were the first pioneer of the enterprise, as well as the original promoter of electric telegraphy in the Maritime provinces.. In the winter of i848 you came to Halifax and interested the government., of which I was a member, in the subject of tele- graphic communication. A bill was introduced, and £4,000 was expended by the government for construction of lines to connect Halifax with. New Brunswick, Canada, and the United States. When that line was completed, you were em- ployed to manage it under a commission, of which I was the chairman, the Hon. George- Young and William Murdoch, Esq., being the other members. This line was subsequently pur- chased from the government »by a company, which has since extended branch lines to every shire, town, and seaport in the province. In 1850 you discussed with me, and subsequently laid before the commissioners, a plan for connect- ing Newfoundland with the Continent of Amer- ica, and obtained leave of absence to enable you\ to go to that island and secure support to the project. My brother commissioners are both dead.. On your return you asked leave of absence to go to New York to promote an extension of the-line to England, and spoke confidently of be-- ing able to extend it across the Atlantic, and connect Europe with America. Up to this time I never heard the idea suggested, and, though reading the English and American papers, never.- 288 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF saw any allusion to the practicability of such an enterprise. As no capital could be got in Halifax, you naturally sought in London and New York for co-operation and assistance. I do not, of course, know what took place abroad ; but of this I have no doubt, that until you went to New York nobody had suggested or taken any steps towards promoting an Atlantic tele- graph. As the ORIGINAL PIONEER AND PROJECTOR of this great work, it appears to me that you ought to place yourself in your true position, and that, if not included among those who are to be hon- oured and rewarded, you should at least endeav- our to obtain from your countrymen, and from the world at large, who are to be benefited, the recognition which you deserve as the originator and practical prime mover of the great enter- prise now so happily brought, by a combination of public-spirited and able men, to a fortunate consummation. It ought not to be forgotten that the very line across Newfoundland, now used by the Anglo-American Company, was originally, sit great pecuniary sacrifice and risk of health, ■explored by you and constructed by yourself as chief engineer of the New York, Newfound- land, and London Telegraph Company. Believe me, very sincerely yours, (Signed), Joseph Howe. London, 25 Saville Row, Feb. 12, 1867. ' Parker, Robert, Toronto, Ontario, was born in Manchester, England, in the year, 1858. His parents sailed for Canada, in 1861, settling for a time in Quebec, where Mr. Parker was sent to school, and he re- ceived a fair common school education at Berthier-en-haut, Quebec. Leaving school at the age of eighteen, he left for the States, travelling through the principal cities and towns in the northern portion, and he sub- sequently went to the old country, visiting his native city, Manchester, and he likewise took an extensive tour through the princi- pal manufacturing towns of Great Britain. The sole object of this trip, was to gain a fifll and thorough knowledge concerning the business of dyeing. He returned then direct to Hamilton, Canada, with a view to engaging in this business ; but the induce- ments there were not of such a nature as to offer any encouragement. Consequently he removed to Toronto, in 1876, and open- ed a place of business, at 830 Yonge street, In the short time since he commenced, he has been successful in building up a most prosperous business. In April, 1877, he opened a branch office at 211 Yonge street, and in the fall of the same year, opened another at 339 Queen street, west. In 1879, he opened still another at 4 John street, north, Hamilton. In 1883, a branch office was established at 225 Queen street east, Toronto. All these establishments are in a flourishing condition, and their custom and popularity are widening every day at an unusual rate. Besides the branch offices named he employs an agent in each town of importance, in Ontario, through which medium a large mass of business is obtained. Mr. Parker has just had erected on Yonge street (Nos. 755 to 763) a fine three story brick building, with a frontage of 30 feet, and running back 150 feet, in which he has put a lot of new machinery, etc., to accom- modate his growing business. Mr. Parker was married in 1882, to Barbara Willimine Gordon. He is a young man of gentle- manly easy manner, and is of quiet de- meanor ; but he possesses much natural shrewdness and far sightedness in business matters. How important those features arc to the successful business man it is not necessary to say. How he has profited by this quality in his splendid business is manifest enough. Glass, William, London, Sheriff of the County of Middlesex, descending, on the paternal side, from an old, well-known family of the County of Armagh, Ireland, the old farm homestead being still owned and occupied by his cousin, Samuel Glass. In the year 1819, Samuel Glass, father of the Sheriff, at the age of nineteen years, left his home to seek his fortune in Canada, having for his point of destination the town- ship of Westminster, in the London dis- trict, where his sister, wife of the late Lieut.-Colonel Orr, had settled two years previously. Crossing the Atlantic he made acquaintance of Mr. Owrey, a well-to-do re- tired merchant from the town of Donagha- dee, Ireland. Young Glass induced Mr. Owrey to accompany him to the township of Westminster, and there they both settled in the year 1819. Seven years subsequent- ly, Mr. Glass married Eliza, daughter of Mr. Owery,purchased and settled upon the beautiful farm known as Mount Pleasant, now owned by Benjamin Davis, in West- minster. On this farm William and David were born. In the year 1830 Mr. Glass sold this farm and moved to the Township of London, and the following year, removed to the village (now city) of London, where for many years he carried on the flour and grain business, and where he resided up to the time of his death, in 1877, having a short time previously celebrated his golden wedding, his five sons, William, David, Samuel, James, and Archibald, with their wives and children, being present. William, the subject of this notice, was born on the 20th of May, in the year 1827. At the age of eighteen, in company with his brother David, he commenced the flour and grain business, two years afterwards the partner- CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH Y. 289 ship was dissolved, William continuing the business, greatly extending the same, having buyers in Chicago, Detroit and various points in Canada, to which was added the wholesale and retail grocery business, and dealing extensively in real estate, all of which were carried on with due caution and profitably. In 1854, Mr. Glass was elected city councillor, which position he held for two years, and then refused re-election. In 1855, he married Phoebe, daughter of John Guernsey, Esq., of Queenston, On- tario, by whom he has three sons living, Charles True, Samuel Frank, and John Henry, the first named being a graduate of Toronto University, and is now spend- ing the last year of his law course in the office of Messrs. Moss, Hoyles & Ayles- worth, of Toronto. About the same time he received a commission in the militia force of Canada. In September, 1858, he was appointed Sheriff of the County of Middle- sex. At the time he was considered very young for appointment to such an impor- tant office, but he has given great satisfac- tion in the discharge of his onerous duties for the past twenty-seven years, during which time he has been ably assisted by his brother Samuel, who has, during the same period, filled the position of deputy sheriff. The sheriff now owns and occupies, as a summer home, the farm, in London town- ship, north part of lot 19,3rd Concession, on which his father lived over fifty years ago. The scenery on this farm is said to be un- surpassed in Western Ontario. The grounds have been ornamented and laid out with taste, making altogether a most charming spot, where his many friends are hospitably and pleasantly entertained. The sheriff has a well established reputation for kindness and generosity, his name being connected with many undertakings calculated to ad- vance the interest of his native county. He is one of the founders and trustees of the Protestant Orphans' Home ; trustee and treasurer of the Young Men's Christian As- sociation; one of the trustees of the Metho- dist church of Canada, of which he is a member; one of the trustees and proprietors of the Oregon Silver Mining Company; one of the founders, and president of the Agri- cultural Savings and Loan Company. The sheriff is reputed to be a man of large means, and an extensive landholder, strict- ly honest and upright in all his dealings. Temperate in his habits, of robust constitu- tion, and great activity, he bids fair to spend many more years of usefulness, and do much by his well matured judgment and large experience, to benefit the community among which he is so well known, and high- ly respected. Robitaille, Louis, M.D., C.M., New Carlisle, Quebec.-This distinguished gen- tleman is descended from one of the most illustrious French families in Canada. Mon- sieur Robitaille, one of his grand-uncles, was chaplain to the active militia force of Lower Canada during the war of 1812. All .the Robitaille family were noted for their loyalty, and took an active and most zealous part during this war. Another grand-uncle of our subject, the Rev. Louis Brodeur, spent seven years as a missionary in New Brunswick. He was subsequently ap- pointed curate to the parish of St. Roche des Aulnets, where he died, bequeathing his wealth to the College of St. Anne. Still another grand-uncle, Jean Robitaille, was a member of the Canadian Legislature, from 1809 to 1829. Our subject is a son of the late Louis Adolphe Robitaille, notary pub- lic, and a younger brother of the Hon. Theodore Robitaille, late lieut.-governor of the Province of Quebec. He was educated at the local high school, Sem- inare Ste. Therese, and at McGill Univer- sity, Montreal, where he graduated as Doctor of Medicine and Master in Sur- gery (M. D., C. M.), March, 1860. Sub- sequently he practiced his profession with good success at New Carlisle and adjoin- ing neighbourhood. On the 24th March, 1869, he was appointed captain of Reserve Militia ; and in January, 1869, he was ap- pointed surgeon of the regimental division of Bonaventure. In 1864 he was chosen by the central board of health to act as medical officer for the parish of New Car- lisle, when an epidemic of smallpox, which had been imported by foreign vessels, was raging. He retained the position until 1867, when the danger disappeared. In 1871 he was appointed commissioner for the census for the County of Bonaventure. In 1875 he was named vice-consul of France, under the great seal of the French republic, for the district of Gaspe ; and in 1883 he was named one of the justices of peace, under the new Act of the Province of Quebec. In 1873 he was offered the position of collector of customs for the port of New Carlisle, which he accepted, but re- signed on Feb. 8, 1883. He was called to the Senate by letters patent, but this seat he resigned, for political reasons, on the 25th January, 1885. On July 31, 1885, by order-in-council, he was appointed inspector of customs, and vice-president of the Baie 290 A CYCLOPEDIA OF des Chaleurs Railway. In 1879 he was elected by the leaders of the Conservative party to the seat in the Commons for the County of Bonaventure, the seat having be- come vacant by the then member, his bro- ther, the Hon. T. Robitaille, accepting the appointment of lieut.-governor of the pro- vince of Quebec, but declined the honour, and gave his influence to the present mem- ber, who was elected by a large majority. Hon. L. Robitaille has been an extensive traveller, and has, among other countries and places, travelled through Italy and Europe generally. He is one of the leaders of the Conservative party in the County of Bonaventure, and is a Roman catholic. Courteous in all his relations, and energetic in character, he is just such a man as can have so much of public achievement as he desires. It was much regretted when be resigned his seat in the Senate, for it was felt that that body was losing a brilliant and an able man. Richardson, Rev. Jas. Ranning, London, Ontario, was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on November 23rd, 1843. He is a son of James and Louisa Sophia Richardson. His father, who was born in Liverpool, Eng- land, was descended from an old Scottish family belonging to Glasgow. About the beginning of this century, James Richard- son went to Nova Scotia, where he engaged himself in mercantile and banking enter- prises. In 1802, he married his cousin, Louisa Sophia, eldest daughter of Matthew Richardson, of Studley House, Halifax; and he died at Liverpool, England, on the 30th November, 1847, leaving six children, the youngest of whom is the subject of this sketch. When James Banning was in his sixth year, his mother was again married, chosing as her second husband, William Clark, of Belmont House, Guysborough, and formerly of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and thither the family removed. Our sub- ject's early educational instruction was re- ceived from a private tutor, the Rev. W. G. T. Jarvis, B.A., under whose careful training he was prepared for the Col- legiate School at Windsor, N. S., and this institution he entered in 1859, the Rev. D.W. Pickett, M. A., being principal. Tak- ing a course of two years at this institution, he matriculated in June, 1861, at the Uni- versity of King's College, Nova Scotia, of which the Rev. George McCawley, D.D., was president. He took a full course in arts and theology, and in June, 1865, after due examination, received the degree of Bachelor in Arts. At the Encoenia of 1874, he read an English thesis on the Atonement, and was advanced to the degree of M.A. On leaving college, at the close of 1865, Mr. Richardson spent the year which intervened before he was of age to receive holy orders, as lay assistant to the rector of Dartmouth, and on Sunday, the 23rd of December, 1866, was ordained deacon in St, Luke's Cathe- dral, Halifax, by Bishop Binney, of Nova Scotia. He was at once licensed assistant curate to Rev. W. F. Pryor, of Dartmouth, and took up his residence at the Eastern passage, Halifax harbour. In 1868, he crossed the Atlantic, and made a tour of England, Scotland, Ireland, and part of France, and in the same year, soon after his return to Nova Scotia, on the resignation of Rev. W. F. Pryor, was appointed rector of Dartmouth. He was ordained priest by the Bishop of Nova Scotia, at Halifax, on St. Thomas' day, 1868, and by the same prelate was married, in Christ Church, Dartmouth, July 6th, 1869, to Mary Jane, daughter of Lawrence Tremaine, M.D., of Charlotte- town, P. E. I., and widow of the late Rich- ard Hartshorne. Their issue has been eight children, four sons and four daughters. After a happy ministry of more than six years in Dartmouth, Rev. Mr. Richardson was chosen rector of St. Thomas' Church, Hamilton, Ontario, as successor to Rev. J. P. Dumoulin, which position he held until J une, 1877, when he was appointed, on the nomination of the congregation, by the Bishop of Huron, to the rectorship of the Cronyn Memorial Church, London, Ontario. Here he followed the Rev. W. H. Tilley, a former classmate at college, and this po- sition he has continued to hold successfully for the past nine years. In 1879, Rev. Mr. Richardson made a second voyage to Eng- land, received a license from the Archbishop of Canterbury, and was engaged for some weeks as deputation preacher for the Colon- ial and Continental Church Society. Our subject is honorary clerical secretary of the Diocesan Synod of Huron, an office to which he has been annually re-elected for the past seven years. He was appointed examining chaplain to Bishop Hellmuth, in 1882, and upon the succession of Bishop Baldwin, was appointed by him to the same office. In 1885 the Bishop of Saskatchewan, with the concurrence and recognition of the Bishop of Huron, conferred upon Rev. Mr. Rich- ardson, whom three years previous he had made his commissary in Huron, the title and dignity of Honorary Canon of his dio- cese, being one of the four extra diocesan clergy, the others being Rev. Canon Curran, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 291 M.A., Hamilton, Ont.; Rev. Canon Hawks- ley, M.A., Oxon, London, England ; Rev. Canon Cooper, of S.P.G., England, who with the Archdeacons of Saskatchewan and the Professors of Emmanual College form a Missionary Council, under the style and title of Dean and Canons of the Diocese of Sas- katchewan. Canon Richardson is a mem- ber of the senate of Western University and Huron College Council, and a delegate by election from the Huron Diocese to the Provincial Synod of Canada. Fraser, John Martin, London, On- tario, B.A., M.D., Member Royal College of Surgeons, England; Member Obstetical Soc- iety of Dublin ; Professor Principles and Practiceof Medicine, in Western University, London, Ontario; Surgeon of 7th Fusiliers, was born in the township of Westminster, County of Middlesex, on August 12th, 1836. He is a son of Donald and Jane Fraser, the maiden name of his mother being Martin. His father was a native of Inverness, Scot- land, and his mother was born near Newry, in the County of Down, Ireland. Mrs. Martin was a sister of the well-known home ruler and patriot, John Martin, who was a representative for the County of Meath, in the British parliament. The parents settled in Westminster, Ontario, two years before the birth of the subject of this sketch, and here they resolved to carve out a fortune for themselves. After young Fraser had mastered the primary branches, he entered the Grammar school, at London ; and when his term was completed, he went to Queen's College, Kingston, where he entered upon the study of arts and medicine, taking out his degrees at the Kingston University, He likewise attended the Lednich School of Medicine, at Dublin, Ireland. Since first beginning practice, Dr. Fraser has been most energetic in his professional work, and his repute for learning, and the success that has attended his skill, have brought him a firmly established and lucrative business. He has always been interested in militia affairs, and at present is the surgeon of the 7th Fusiliers, of London, Ontario, and he served in this capacity, throughout the North West rebellion of 1885. In educa- tional affairs, he has likewise taken a great interest, and he has been trustee of the public and grammar schools, of London. He also took a very active part in the estab- lishment of the London General Hospital, and the Medical Department of the Western University. His connection with secret has been confined to the Masonic and Oddfellows' order. In politics, Dr. Fraser is a Conservative ; but he is not ag- gressive, and as a rule contents himself with casting his vote for the party that has his preference. In religion he has always been a zealous and highly respected member of the Presbyterian communion. He married on February 1st, 1866, Sarah Braerton Wil- son, second daughter of the late William Wilson, of Morpeth, Ontario. We may say that Dr. Fraser began his professional career in Morpeth, in 1861, continuing here for three years, when, after a year's additional medical study in Europe, he established himself at Ridgetown, where he remained till 1868, in which year he settled down per- manently in London. Dr. Fraser is asso- ciated in partnership with Dr. Wilson. Young, Rev. Egerton Ryerson, Meaford, was born April 7th, 1840, near the Rideau Canal, in the Province of Ontario. He is a son of the Rev. William Young, a venerable minister of the Methodist church, now residing in Trenton, in the 78th year of his age. His mother was Amanda Wal- dron, a sister of the late Rev. Solomon Waldron. Our subject comes of United Empire loyalist stock, and the family is one of the first that, out of devotion to the old Hag, penetrated into the wilds of Canada. They settled in what is now the township of Murray, near the flourishing town of Trenton. In common with other members of that heroic band, Mr. Young's ancestors endured many privations, and suffered many hardships. As the son of a Methodist min- ister, he enjoyed the varied school advan- tages of the different places in which his father was stationed. At sixteen years of age he commenced teaching school in the township of Emily, County of Victoria. He afterwards spent two sessions at the Normal School, Toronto, where he obtained a second and a first-class certificate, at the same time taking private lessons in classics. After teaching for nearly two years, as head master of the school in Madoc, he entered the ministry of the Methodist church ; and after the usual four years of probation, he was ordained, in the year 1867, in the City of Hamilton, where he was at the same time appointed pastor of the Hamilton First Methodist church. During his stay in this city he married Elizabeth Bingham, eldest daughter of the late Joseph Bingham, of Bradford. Mrs. Y oung has proved herself marvellously adapted for her position, and by her courage and tact, as well as by her kindly disposition and benevolence, as also by her power of song, has been made a blessing to many, not only on their stations 292 A CYCLOPEDIA OF in Ontario, but also in those far off isolated regions among pagan Indians, where for years, with her husband, she uncomplain- ingly toiled and suffered. Five children, one boy and four girls, make up their happy household. Soon an urgent request came from the missionary authorities of the church, asking Rev. Mr. Young and his wife to go out and engage in the missionary work among the Indian tribes in the great North-West territories. They went, leaving Hamilton on the 10th of May, 1868 ; and reached Norway House on the 29th of July, having been on the journey two months and nineteen days, the last fourteen of which were spent in an open row-boat on Lake Winnipeg. At this dreary northern mission-field they resided for five years, hearing from the outside world only twice a year, and living hundreds of miles from any white settlement. Their only associates were the few fur-traders and the Indian bands around them. Great success attended their efforts at this old Indian mission, and when they left it it was one of the largest and most flourishing in the country. Rev. Mr. Young opened up the mission at Nelson River, and in other directions so enlarged his field of missionary toil that it was over five hundred miles long. Over this wide parish he travelled in summer in a birch canoe, and in the winter with his dog trains. He often slept in the snow with his faithful Indian dog-drivers and dogs around him, when the spirit thermometer indicated from forty to fifty below zero. The wintry bliz- zards often swept over them, and sometimes they were covered with drifting snow. Suf- ferings and hardships untold were often en- dured on these long trips, which sometimes lasted for weeks ; but the success attending the effort more than compensated the de- voted missionary. The winter of 1873-4 was spent by Rev. Mr. Young in attending a series of missionary anniversaries in Ontario and Quebec, in company with the Rev. Mr. Crosby, a successful missionary from Brit- tish Columbia. So successful were these meetings that they very materially aided in bringing about that year the gratifying in- crease of the income of the Missionary So- ciety of over thirty thousand dollars. In March, 1874,Rev. Mr. Young returned to the North-West. At Winnipeg his faithful In- dians and dogs were awaiting him, and with them he journeyed over the frozen surface of Lake Winnipeg to Beren's river, travel- ling by nights only, on account of the bril- liant glare of the sun, which when reflected from the dazzling snow causes intensepain in the eyes. At Beren's river he established the first mission among the Saulteaux In- dians. With his dog-teams, Rev. Mr. Young drew the timber for his parsonage and school-house through the snow, a distance of twelve or fourteen miles. Many were his discouragements and difficulties ; but a comfortable house was at length erected, and the mission was firmly established. Several years were spent at Beren's river, and then Mrs. Young's health failing, they returned to Ontario. Belonging to a church which has incorporated into it the itiner- ancy, Rev. Mr. Young, like other Methodist ministers, has frequently to move ; but he has put in since his return his full term of three years at Port Perry, Colborne, and Bowmanville, and is now, 1885, stationed in Meaford. At the great international gathering of returned missionaries, held at Wesley Park, Niagara Falls, August, 1885, where scores of representative missionaries from various parts of the world, met for a ten days' convention, Rev. Mr. Young took a prominent part, and his addresses and Mrs. Young's Indian songs will not soon be for- gotten. He was one of eight selected to hold a three days' missionary convention at Thousand Island Park, and spoke several times on his favourite theme, pleading for help and sympathy for the fast ex- piring aborigines of this great continent. With the Temperance movement Rev. Mr. Young has most actively identified himself, and he is a prominent member of the order of the Sons of Temperance. Gibbons, George Christie, London, Ontaiio, was born in St. Catharines, Prov- ince of Ontario, on the 2nd July, 1848. His education was obtained at a private institu- tion conducted by the Rev. T. D. Phillips, and at the Grammar School of his native town. When his school days were ended he began the study of the law, entering the office of the late Warren Rock, Q C., at London ; and he subsequently went into the office of Miller & Miller, St. Catharines. When he was in his twenty-first year (1869), he was called to the bar, and immediately began the practice of his profession in Lon- don. He obtained a military certificate, and during the excitement of the Fenian raid enlisted, and became first colour sergeant of No. 7 company, 7th London Fusiliers. He applied himself diligently to the practice of his profession, and soon saw his exertions crowned by the possession of a welLestab- lished and important business. He is presi- dent of the Liberal Association of the City of London ; and is likewise a trustee of the CA NA DI A N BIOGRA PJIY. 293 Middlesex Bar Association. His religious convictions are those of Methodism. Air. Gibbons married, in 1876, Elizabeth Camp- bell Craig, daughter of Hugh Craig, of Montreal. There is a family of four chil- dren, two boys and two girls. Air. Gibbons at this day enjoys the largest commercial and collection business in the Dominion of Canada, besides a good general legal con- nection. Hay, Robert, AI.P. for Centre To- ronto, is a Scotchman by birth. His parents were Robert Hay and Elizabeth Henderson, and he was born in the parish of Tipper- muir, Perthshire, on the 18th of Alay, 1808. His father was a small farmer in anything but affluent circumstances, and had a family of nine children. At the age of fourteen, Robert had to push for himself, and he be- came an apprentice to a cabinetmaker in the town of Perth. After faithfully serving his apprenticeship, he worked for some time as a journeyman, and then in 1831 he sailed for Canada, and landed in Alontreal, in June, and after spending two months in that city, he came to Toronto on the 11th of Septem- ber the same year, where he found employ- ment. In 1835, he formed a partnership with John Jacques, a native of Cumberland- shire, England, under the name and style of Jacques & Hay, and commenced business as cabinetmakers, etc. The capital pos- sessed at this time by the firm only amount- ed to about eight hundred dollars, but they had pluck, and with two apprentices and their own willing hands, they laid the foun- dations of a business which at this time is one of the largest of its kind in Canada. After being in business about twenty years, they werb twice burnt out, and lost about two hundred thousand dollars worth of property and machinery. But this did not discourage these persevering men. They rebuilt their workshops, and since then for- tune has smiled on them. In 1870, Air. Jacques retired from the business with a competency, and Charles Rogers and George Craig, two worthy men who had long worked for the old firm, were taken into partner- ship, and the name changed to R. Hay & Co. This partnership continued until 1885, when Alessrs. Rogers and Craig retired, leaving Mr. Hay in entire possession of the business, which is still carried on in the extensive workshops on the Esplanade, and the magnificent show rooms, corner of King and Jordan streets. The furniture manu- factured by the firm is of the finest descrip- tion, and not only finds a ready market in Canada, but a good deal of it finds its way to Great Britain. Some prominent Eng- lish families have adorned their homes with the furniture made by R. Hay & Co. in Toronto, among others Lord Abinger and Air. Bass, M. P., the great English brewer. Mr. Hay, though always a busy man, yet he finds time to do something outside his workshops and office. In September, 1878, he was elected to represent Centre Toronto in the Dominion Parliament, and again at the last general election he was returned by the same constituency. Mr. Hay at one time allied himself with the Reform party, but, during the depression in trade, he supported the National Policy, and since then has cast in his lot with the Liberal- Conservatives. Mr. Hay favours the tem- perance reform, and would rejoice to see a prohibitory measure passed by parliament. On November 18th, 1847, Mr. Hay married Mary Dunlop, a native of Glasgow. This lady died in 1871, having borne eight child- ren, six of whom at the time of her death survived. Of these, one son and three daughters still live. Mr. Hay is in all re- spects a self-made man. Relying on his own strong arm and indomitable will, he set out in the world, and has by frugality and un- tiring industry raised himself to a position which ought to merit the crown of well- earned success. Williams, Joseph Arthur, M. D., L.R.C. P. London, M.R.C.S. and L.M., Eng., Ingersoll, Ontario, was born at Queenston, Canada, in 1837. His father belonged to Carmarthenshire, Wales, and came to Can- ada in 1837, with Captain Dixie, in whose employ he was. Shortly after his arrival, he married Rebecca Smith, a native of the County of Cavan, Ireland, and settled upon a farm near Queenston, where he remained for fifteen years. This farm, we may say, was in the immediate neighbourhood of Brock's monument. He did not confine his attention solely to farming ; he also became a breeder of fancy stock, doing in that way a very large business. In 1851, he left Queenston and removed to the County of Oxford, where he purchased a farm of 600 acres, located in the township of Dereham ; and he then began to devote the greater part of his time dairying. He remained upon this farm till his death, which occurred in 1885. He left ten children, the subject of this sketch being the second of the family. Joseph Arthur Williams, received a sound educational training, chiefly under the in- struction of private tutors ; and between intervals of study, he assisted his father upon the farm. In 1859, he resolved to 294 A CYCLOPEDIA OF study medicine, and the following year pro- ceeded to Toronto, where he entered the Toronto School of Medicine ; and he subse- quently attended the medical department of Victoria College, at C.obourg, and grad- uated M.D. in 1863. In the same year he went to the village of Florence, Lambton, where he remained for a period of two years. He then received the appoint- ment of demonstrator of anatomy, in Vic- toria College, Cobourg, which position he held till 1867. With so much satisfaction did he fill that position, that the students made him a present of a number of valu- able books, which are still to be found on his shelves. During his vacation at the college, he visited New York city, and devoted his attention chiefly to a study of the eye and ear. In 1866, he proceeded to London, England, in order that he might see prac- tice in the great hospitals there, and he was in the metropolis during the time of the cholera in London east. He remained during the summer and part of the follow- ing year, attending principally St. Thomas' and Guy's hospitals. While there he went up for three examinations, and was success- ful : 1st, Licentiate Royal College Physicians of London, 1866 ; 2nd, member Royal Col- lege of Surgeons, in January, 1867; 3rd, Licentiate Midwifery, Royal College of Sur- geons, in February, 1867. Immediately after the examinations, the doctor returned to Canada, and resumed his duties in Vic- toria College. In the same year he resigned, and began practice in the town of Ingersoll, in partnership with Dr. Hoyt, and this partnership continued for seventeen years, when it was dissolved, and Dr. Williams began practice alone. By energy, and pro- fessional skill, and by virtue of his high repute for learning and his success in prac- tice, his business is now large and steadily growing. In 1869 he was appointed mem- ber of the Board of Education for the town of Ingersoll, and that position he has held almost continually since, doing his utmost, with marked results, in the cause of pub- lic instruction. In 1876 he was elected to the council of the town of Ingersoll, and was re-elected in 1878. In 1880 he was elected a member of the Medical Council, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, for the Gore and Thames division, and was re-elected by acclamation in 1885. He is an active member of the Oxford Medical Association, and is also the medical health officer for his adopted town. He is an Oddfellow, and has been medical examiner for that society for several years, and holds the same office for a number of insurance companies. He is a Liberal-Conservative, and an active and talented member in the cause of that party, and has been president of the local Liberal- Conservative Association. In 1882 he con- tested the South Riding of Oxford, against the Hon. Adam Crooks, and was defeated by a narrow majority. Let us hope the day is coming which will see him in the position for which his talents so well suit him. He is a Methodist, and has held the position of recording steward of the King street Meth- odist church for many years. He married, in 1871, the relict of the late Mr. Alexander, but she died in 1878. He again married El- eanor Fullerton, daughter of Matthew Ful- lerton, of South Dorchester, and by this union has one son. Joss, J oil n, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on the 22nd of January, 1851. His parents were John Joss and Jane Taylor. His father followed the occupation of gardener and farmer, and still continues that business in Aberdeenshire. John Joss, the subject of our sketch, received a com- mon school education in Aberdeenshire, and in 1867 learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, serving thereat five years. He worked as a journeyman carpenter and joiner in his native country for about a year, after which he removed to Newcastle- on-Tyne, England. In 1873 he set sail for Canada, and settled in London, County of Middlesex, where he remained about a year and a-half. In 1875, Mr. Joss re- moved to Toronto, and acted as foreman with Robert Anderson, builder. In 1878 he established a business for himself as builder and contractor, and in that occu- pation he has remained ever since. Since that year he has engaged extensively in building properties on speculation, as well as for private use. In religion Mr. Joss is a Presbyterian, and he is an elder of Old St. Andrew's church. He has also been the superintendent of the St. Mark's mission Sunday-school, in connection with St. An- drew's church, for the last eight years. He has always been active and zealous in pro- moting every undertaking that has had for its object some moral good. Mr. Joss is also an untiring advocate of temperance, and believes it to be the duty of the legis- lature to put down by force of law the traffic in an article which has never brought good, but always evil to every home and to man- kind generally. In politics Mr. Joss is an uncompromising Reformer, believing that the principles of the liberal party of Canada are best calculated to promote the public CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 295 welfare, and that they must ultimately pre- vail. He has always been an active worker in the political field. He is not a blind party-follower, but a man who has deep- seated convictions, and vigorously affirms and defends them. With respect to his busines, it may be said that Mr. Joss car- ries on very extensive works, and is regard- ed as one of the foremost contractors in Toronto. He was married, first, to Eliza Clarke, of Aberdeen, Scotland, who died in 1876, leaving no family. In 1880, he mar- ried Barbara, second daughter of the late James Rettie, of Rothie Norman, Aber- deenshire, Scotland, and of Toronto. In social life Mr. Joss counts many friends ; and in his business relations he has what all men court-the confidence and respect of those with whom he has dealings. Lome, Marquis of.-The Right Hon. Sir John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, K.G., G.C.M.G., Marquis of Lome, ex-Governor-General of Canada, was born at Stafford House, St. James Park, London, England, on the 6th of August, 1845. He is the eldest son of the eighth Duke of Argyle and Lady Eliz- abeth Georgiana Sutherland Levison-Gower. eldest daughter of the second Duke of Suth- erland. The young Marquis seems to have been a favourite when a child, for we find Her Majesty the Queen, in her "Journal of our Life in the Highlands," makes the following very pleasing allusion to the boy, who as time sped on was to become her son-in-law. Speaking of her reception at Inverary Castle, the seat of the Duke of Argyle, in Argyleshire, Scotland, she says : -" It was in the true Highland fashion. The pipers walked before the carriage, and the Highlanders on either side as we ap- proached the house. Outside stood the Mar- quis of Lome, just two years old, a dear, white, fat, fair little fellow, with reddish hair, but very delicate features, like both his father and mother ; he is such a merry, independent little child. He had a black velvet dress and jacket, with a sporan, scarf and Highland bonnet." The marquis was educated at Eton, and afterwards passed successively to the University of St. An- drews and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1866, he became connected with the military, by appointment, as captain of the London Scottish Volunteers, and in 1868 was com- missioned lieutenant-colonel of the Argyle and Bute Volunteer Artillery Brigade. For literary and artistic pursuits the marquis possesses much natural ability as well as cultivated taste, the result of study, obser- vation, snd experience. His first published work was, "A Tour in the Tropics," the re- sult of his observations during a trip through the West Indies and the eastern part of North America, in 1866. Although the author was very young at this time, the appearance of this work displayed to the public the keen sense of observation and discriminating judgment which he inherits from his father. During this trip he made his first visit to Canada, and conceived a very favourable impression of this country. His next pub- lication was, " Guido and Leta, a Tale of the Riviera," a meritorious poem which at- tracted much interest, not so much on account of its titled author, as because of the genuine worth and beauty of its compo- sition. In 1877 appeared from his pen " The Book of Psalms, literally rendered in Verse," which is doubtless the best of his literary productions. It called forth con- siderable praise, and is really a work of great merit. In 1868, he became a member of the House of Commons, representing the constituency of Argyleshire, and was re- elected by acclamation in two subsequent general elections, and continued in parlia- ment until his appointment to Canada. Dur- ing part of the Duke of Argyle's term of office in Mr. Gladstone's Cabinet, the Mar- quis acted as his private secretary, display- ing much aptitude for affairs of state. On the 21st of March, 1871, he was united in marriage to Her Royal Highness the Prin- cess Louise Caroline Alberta, Duchess of Saxony, the sixth child and fourth daughter of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, who was born on the 18th of March, 1848. Since her marriage brought her prominently be- fore the public, she has been regarded with much affectionate interest by the people, and her personal qualities, independently of her high rank, are such as to have earned for her love and respect. She is very accom- plished in art and music, and gladly took her part in the duties of hospitality devolv- ing on the Governor-General, when she was in Canada. Her marriage with the Marquis took place at Windsor, in St. George's Chapel, and was solemnized with imposing ceremonies. Soon after this event, the Mar- quis of Lome was mentioned in connection with the governor-generalship of Canada, and it was generally believed that he would be the successor of Sir John Young, but the appointment was finally given to Lord Duf- ferin. Upon the expiration of the latter's term of office, however, it was deemed ex- pedient to offer the appointment to the marquis for various reasons, and he and his 296 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Royal wife were received in the Dominion with great popular demonstrations of wel- come. On the occasion of their visits to all the principal cities in Canada, during the summer of 1879, they were accorded a wel- come which could scarcely be more enthusi- astic, and all classes seemed to vie in doing honour to their Queen's representatives. In 1883 his lordship's very satisfactory term expired, and he was succeeded in his office by the Marquis of Lansdowne. Walsh, Right Rev. John, Bishop of London. His Lordship, Bishop Walsh, was born in the parish of Mooncoin, County of Kilkenny, Ireland, May 24th, 1830, and is descended from a very old and influential stock. The first of the family in Ireland accompanied Earl Strongbow from Wales in 1179, and settled in the County of Kil- kenny ; and like the Geraldines, they be- came " more Irish than the Irish them- selves." In the course of time they gained large possessions, known as the "Walsh Mountains." This property was afterwards confiscated during the Commonwealth, and in the reign of William Ill., when the older branches emigrated to France and Austria, and took military service in those countries. In the former the title of Count Terrant was conferred on the representative of the older branch. For generations his lord- ship's forefathers lived in that condition of comfort and independence which the better class of farmers enjoy, especially in the province of Leinster. On the mother's side he is of the Macdonalds, a most respectable family, and one which, like that of Walsh, has produced a number of zealous and learned ecclesiastics. His Lordship's course of stud- ies were commenced at St. John's College, Waterford, and terminated at the Seminary of the Sulpicians, Montreal. After his or- dination, in 1854, Father Walsh was ap- pointed to the Brock mission, bordering on Lake Simcoe. In 1857 he was placed in the charge of the parish of St. Mary's, Toronto. Full of the spirit of his holy vocation, he applied himself with zeal and constancy to the discharge of his manifold duties. Very soon after the consecration of Bishop Lynch, in 1859, his lordship summoned Father Walsh to his aid as rector of St. Michael's Cathedral. He filled this important and responsible position about two years with marked success and ability. At the end of this time, to the great joy of his old parish- ioners, and the regret of those belonging to the cathedral, he finally resumed his admin- istration of St. Mary's, as parish priest and vicar-general of the diocese. The health of Dr. Pinsoneault, Bishop of Sandwich, hav- ing become impaired, it was found necessary to select a successor for him in that see. Accordingly the hierarchy of the ecclesi- astical province of Quebec unanimously nominated Vicar-General Walsh as the fu- ture bishop. The choice was ratified by the Holy See. The consecration of his lord- ship took place on 10th November, 1867, in St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, with great pomp and ceremony, and amid the prayers and rejoicings of the vast concourse assem- bled on the auspicious occasion. The late Dr. Baillargeon, Archbishop of Quebec, was the consecrating bishop. The -elevation of Bishop Walsh to the episcopal rank was hailed with sincere pleasure, not only by the clergy of the diocese of Toronto, but also of the dioceses adjoining, as he was much and deservedly loved and esteemed by his brother priests. When assuming the govern- ment of his diocese, his lord ship immediate- ly applied himself with extraordinary reso- lution and ability to the important duties of his exalted office. He displayed administra- tive talent of the highest order. He began by making a careful and thorough examin- ation into the affairs of the diocese. The result was well calculated to tax his courage and energies. He found that a large and pressing debt must be liquidated, that the re-organization of the clergy and missions, was imperative ; that a member of priests should be provided ; that in many parishes, churches and presbyteries were to be built de novo, or improved by restoration or en- largement ; that the interests of education everywhere demanded attention, and that asylums for the orphan and for the infirm poor werg to be established. In a word, a vast amount of arduous and constant labour awaited his lordship. He grappled earnest- ly with the difficulties, that presented them- selves in all directions. Nobly seconded by his generous flock, he succeeded within the incredibly short period of three years, in paying off to the last dollar the large debt which had encumbered the diocese. The new cathedral of London may, with- out exaggeration, be termed the great work of his episcopate. Its lofty and majestic form attracts the eye of every stranger visit- ing the forest city, and this stately pile is now on all sides looked on as the first of the metroplis of Ontarid's fair western peninsula, and the glory of the diocese of London. In point of architectual merit, in beauty and symmetry of proportion, chaste- ness and refinement of ornamentation, soli- dity and strength of construction, this CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 297 splendid edifice already, it may be fairly stated, stands without a peer in this pro- vince, and will, when completed, be, in most regards, without a rival in this country. His Lordship Bishop Walsh had long set his heart upon raising in God's honour and that of holy religion a temple in some manner worthy the solemn and sublime rites of the Church of Christ. /There were, however, difficulties in the way. Upon his lordship's assumption of the chief pastor- ship of this diocese he had, as already point- ed out, an enormous debt to remove, while various works of religion and charity of the most pressing necessity called for immediate attention and energetic action. It was only after a priesthood had been formed, schools and presbyteries built, churches constructed or renovated throughout the diocese, a mag- nificent college placed on a solid footing, religious communities established-in a word, piety, learning and religion every- where made flourish -that his lordship con- sented to entertain the purpose dear to his heart of erecting a cathedral for his dio- cese that would for ages stand in testimony of the depth and sincerity of the faith of the Catholics of Western Ontario. The good time at length came, and the Bishop of London invited Mr. Joseph Conolly, of Toronto, one of the very ablest gentlemen of his profession, to draw up the plans for a structure befitting the times, worthy the priesthood and people of the diocese of London, and creditable to the most beauti- ful and picturesque city in the Dominion of Canada. The people of London, always justly proud of their fair city, nestling in the very heart of the garden of Canada's premier province, now feel more than ever proud of London, as it lays just claim to the title and dignity of a cathedral city. The plans drawn up, his lordship at once took steps, in view especially of the encourage- ment from priests and people, to have ground broken and work commenced. The turning of the first sod for the new cathedral took place in July, 1880, and its corner stone was laid on the 23rd of May, 1881. At this solemn ceremony assisted the bishop of the ecclesiastical province of Toronto and priests from every portion of the Do- minion. The cathedral was four years in course of construction. It consists of nave, aisles and transepts ; chancel, chapels, bap- tistry; towers, sacristy and morning chapel. The length of the interior is 180 feet ; breadth, 68 feet; breadth across tran- sept over 100 feet ; the height from the ground to roof of main roof is 88 feet, and each of the imposing towers will, when fully completed, stand with their spir.es 215 feet from the ground. The style of architecture is that of the early French period, in which many of the grandest mediaeval cathedrals were designed and built. The seating capa- city of the cathedral is placed at 1,200. The cost thus far of this splendid structure is somewhat more than $100,000. The cathe- dral of London was solemnly dedicated and opened for religious worship on the 28th of June, 1885 ; bishops and priests from all parts of Canada and the United States being in attendance. The ceremony was the most gorgeous and impressive ever witnessed in Ontario. More than $10,000 was subscribed on the occasion in aid of the building fund. One of the most pleasing incidents in the life of Bishop Walsh, who has ever characteristically shunned popular favour and demonstration, was the receptions tendered him by the citizens of London, on his return from Ireland, in 1882. His reception is set forth in the Catholic Record of October 6th, in that year. ' ' The home-coming of Bishop Walsh on the 28th ult. imparted an additional eclat to the at- tractive features of the fair week. The right reverend gentleman arrived in New York on Monday last, having accomplished the trip across the Atlantic in the remarkably rapid period of eight days, via the steamship Servia, in company with Ven. Dean Wagner, of Windsor, and Rev. Father Flannery, of St. Thomas, who were his companions dur- ing his sojourn in the ever Green Isle. Upon becoming aware of the expected return of the right reverend gentleman, the members of his flock, and other friends in the city and vicinity, determined to accord him a cordial welcome, and preparations were made for celebrating his arrival in the city in a fitting manner. The Bishop was received at Hamil- ton, Thursday afternoon, by Monseigneur Bruyfere, Rev. Dr. Kilroy, of Stratford ; Father Brennan, of St. Mary's, and the Bishop of Hamilton, and after a biref inter- val the party boarded the G. W. R. accom- modation for this city. The reception ac- corded to his lordship was really magnifi- cent, and must have been peculiarly grati- fying to him, as a spontaneous expression of the esteem in which he is regarded by his own flock and the citizens of London at large. Long before the arrival of the train, citizens began to congregate at the Richmond street depot, which in a short time presented an extremely animated ap- pearance. The spacious platform was filled to excess by an eager' throng, which endured 298 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF with perfect good humour and equanimity the jostling, elbowing, and pushing insepa- rable from a large assemblage, while they anxiously strained their eyes eastward in an effort to obtain the first glimpse of the incoming cars. At length the whistle was heard, and as the long train dashed up to the depot, the band of the Seventh Fusiliers, which was stationed upon the platform, struck up ' Home, sweet home.' The appropriate character of the selection gained the approval of the audience, and as the venerable prelate, rejuvenated by his brief sojourn in the land of his nativity, emerged from the car, and stood for a moment with uncovered head, cheer after cheer went up from the immense con- course of people, while at the same time a stream of fireworks shot heavenward. The welcome was magnificent and well worthy of the City of London, his Lordship and companions being escorted to carriages in waiting by an enthusiastic throng of people. All being in readiness, the band struck up ' St. Patrick's Day,' and the procession commenced its progress up Richmond street, to the bishop's palace, the stirring strains of ' Garryowen,' and other popular Irish airs, adding an inspiring effect to the march. On arriving at the palace his lordship and the accompanying clergymen took up posi- tions upon the balcony, and order having been restored, Mr. John Wright advanced to the front, and read the following address : ' To His Lordship, the Right Rev. Dr. Walsh, Bishop of London-May it please your lord- ship-We, the undersigned citizens of Lon- don, comprising not only those whose privi- lege it is to follow your spiritual guidance, but also many who, though not of the flock you rule with such paternal solicitude and success, fail not to admire your exalted qualities, most respectfully tender you a very hearty welcome on your return to your episcopal city. We hope in all sincerity that your lordship's health has been perma- nently benefited by your brief sojourn in the old land. We earnestly trust that you may be long spared to the diocese of Lon- don, upon which your virtues and talents shed such lustre, and beg of you to accept the accompanying testimonial as a feeble token of that regard in which we and the many on whose behalf we may on this occa- sion justly presume to speak, sincerely hold your Lordship.' The address was accom- panied by a purse containing $1,000, a voluntary testimonial of esteem. His lord- ship, who was much affected by this hearty welcome of the citizens of London, after ex- pressing his sincere thanks for the address and its accompanying munificent gift, said he was glad to be once more at home in London, in this 'Canada of ours.' 'We here,' he said, ' enjoy a common and rich inheritance in free institutions, just laws, and the possession of equal rights. We live under a form of government which is the best balanced in the world, which combines liberty without license, and authority with- out despotism, which gives to all the largest measure of rational and well-regulated free- dom, whilst it affords ample protection and security to life and property. We are there fore a happy people, and it is our duty, as it is our highest interests, to live together in peace and amity, fulfilling the duties of good citizens, living in the profession and practice of the Christian religion, which is the guarantee of individual happiness-the secure basis of society, and the solid foun- dation of kingdoms. In this way shall we help to build up here in Canada a great and noble and prosperous commonwealth, which will be the refuge of the oppressed of other countries, and the happy homes of millions of freeman and of prosperous citizens.' Upon the conclusion of his lordship's ad- dress a display of fireworks was given, after which the crowd, fully 3,000 in number, dis persed. On Thursday evening, October 5th, his lordship was entertained at dinner in the London Club by a number of citizens. Amongst the gentlemen present were Hon. J. Carling, M.P., Col. Walker, Major Leys, B. Cronyn, C. Goodhue, Jas. Mahon, P. Mulkern, M. Masuret, J. Blackburn, F. W. Fitzgerald, J. Reid, Dr. Sippi, and about thirty other representative citizens. After the usual loyal and patriotic toasts, the chairman proposed the health of the guest of the evening, which was very warmly re- ceived. His lordship made a very happy reply, expressive of his thanks for the hon- our done him by so distinguished a body of his townsmen, and of the duty resting on every citizen to promote, in every possible manner, that harmony amongst all classes without which the country could not pros- per. On the following Sunday the Bishop lectured to an immense audience in St. Peter's Cathedral, on " Ireland and the Irish." In the fall of 1884, his lordship pro- ceeded, by special invitation, to Baltimore, to attend the Plenary Council held in that city, - the most memorable ecclesiastical gathering since the Council of the Vatican in 1869-70. The Bishop of London occu- pies in the Catholic hierarchy a foremost place as a profound thinker and facile writer. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 299 As well acquainted with the classic lore of Greece and Rome as he is erudite in the letters of modern times. Bishop Walsh is charming in conversation, and fascinating in his literary productions. As a pulpit orator, the bishop has achieved a high reputa- tion. His sermons betoken plan, thought, study, and are ever practical. His style is ornate, eloquent, full of point, logical and impressive. He has easy command of the choicest language, illustrating his subject with a suitably applied imagery. The atten- tion of his audience never wearies. The pastorals of his lordship-always opportune and welcome-are models of composition and pregnant with instruction. In their valuable pages he dispenses to his clergy and people the treasures of his well-stored mind. In all truth it may be said of his Lordship's literary productions, ' ' ni/w? teti- git quod non ornavit," w'hatever subject he handles he embellishes. Clemow, Hon. Francis, Ottawa, called to the Senate in 1885, is a native of Canada, having been born at Three Rivers, Que.,in 1821. He is the son of the late Capt. John Clemow, an officer in the 41st regi- ment, British army, who received a fatal wound on Queenston Heights, while engaged in fighting the battles of the empire. The father of Collingwood Schriber, C. E., and the late Major Donaldson, at one time paymasters of pensioners, were captains in the same regiment. Senator Clemow is an Upper Canada College boy, and there he re- ceived a good classical and general education, and when he finished such a course of study as was deemed sufficient to qualify him for the active duties of life, he began a mer- cantile career. After spending a number of years in Toronto, he entered the ser- vice of the then leading forwarding firm ot MacPhersou, Crane Co., with which he was connected in Montreal and Kingston. In the year 1841, he turned his steps in the direction of Bytown, now Ottawa, and since that time he has been a permanent and a prominent resident of that city. He has witnessed its growth and development, and during the many years he has resided here he has been active in promoting its best inter- est. In 1847, he married Margaret Powell, youngest daughter of the late Colonel Powell, who had been captain of the 8th and colonel of the 101st regiments, and was for some time commandant of the garrison of Quebec. In Ottawa he carried on the forwarding business, from which he retired in 1850. From 1860 to the end of 1862, he was a member of the city council, in which capacity he gave his best services to the work of civic legislation. He was chairman of the board of water commissioners from the inception of the water works scheme un- until the city assumed control of the man- agement. He has been manager of the gas works since 1866. In politics, Mr. Clemow is a pronounced Conservative. He is one of those men who when attached to prin- ciples never hesitate about proclaiming them when occasion demands, and assert- ing their nature, or defending them when assailed by an opponent. But his strong and uncompromising adherence to his political principles never interferes with his social and personal friendships. He likes a bold outspoken expression of opin- ion, and thinks none the less of a man because he is unable to agree with him on political or other questions. For many years Senator Clemow has been a leading member of the Orange order in eastern On- tario, and the extent of the confidence his brethren in Carleton have in him, may be estimated by the fact that during the last eight years he has occupied the position of county master. Among all classes and creeds in Ottawa, Senator Clemow is highly esteemed. His active business habits, his keen perceptive faculty, his capacity for grasping and readily comprehending intri- cate questions of importance, admirably qualify him for doing good service in the " Upper House " of the Parliament of Canada. Hay, Peter, Galt, was born in Lauder, Berwickshire, Scotland, on the 1st of March, 1835. His parents were George Hay, and Ann Morrison ; and they followed the oc- cupation of weavers. Peter Hay was edu- cated in the common schools, and after leaving school at the age of fifteen, learned the trade of a blacksmith. In 1855, he left Lauder and went to Glasgow, where he re- mained for about two years. In 1857, he left for Canada, and remained in Montreal until 1861, following his trade. In 1861, he removed to Galt, and entered and re- mained in the employ of Goldie & McCul- loch until 1869 ; was afterwards with James Warnock & Co., and in 1882 started busi- ness for himself in the manufacture of ma- chine knives or edge tools, on Victoria avenue, in the town of Galt, where he now carries on the well-known business associa- ted with his name. For a considerable time he belonged to the Amalgamated Society of Engineers. His experience has been en- larged by considerable travel, having fre- quently visited many important centres in 300 A CYCLOPEDIA OP the United States. In religion he is a Pres- byterian, and in politics a Reformer. He was married in Galt, on February 20th, 1879, to Eizabeth Wallace, by whom he has had one girl. His business extends through the entire province, and his name is one that is held in high regard among all circles in the community. Russell, Andrew, late Chief Clerk of the Department of the Interior at Ot- tawa, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 29th June, 1804. He is a son of Alex- ander Russell and Janet Jamieson. He received his education at Glasgow in the Common and Grammar schools, leaving Glasgow with his parents, sister and brother for Quebec, in May, 1822. The family settled in the township of Leeds, County of Megantic, in June, 1822. Our subject was appointed superintendent of colonization roads and settlements in Megantic, by the governor-general, Sir James Kempt, in June, 1829. On the union of Upper and Lower Canada, he was placed in charge of the Surveys Branch of the Crown Lands Department for Canada West ; and in 1857 he was appointed assistant commissioner of Crown Lands for Canada. On the Confed- eration of the provinces, the Department of Crown Lands was divided, and our subject went to Toronto as assistant commissioner for the Province of Ontario. In 1870 he returned to the capital to assist in the Cen- sus service. In 1874 he received the appointment of chief clerk in the depart- ment of the interior ; and in 1883 retired, after fifty-four years public service. Con- fining his attention purely to official duties, our subject never meddled in politics. He married in May, 1834, Lucy Chandler Lord, eldest daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel P. C. Lord, senior J.P. for the County of Megan- tic. During Mr. Russell's term of office he faithfully devoted his professional abilities to raising the standard of the surveying profession, and what he accomplished may be gathered somewhat from the following copy of an address presented to him by the Dominion Land Surveyors : To Andrew Russell, Esq., The Surveyors throughout the Dominion of Canada take this opportune time of presenting you with this address, expressing as it does in but a feeble manner, the esteem in which you are held by the profession. During your fifty-four years of public service in the departments of the old Province of Canada, and of the Dominion of Canada, you have preserved that high standard of public morality, integrity and faultless character so worthy of emulation. In the Crown Lands Department, as well as in the Department of the Interior, you have left your ineffaceable mark; ever prompted by the sense of duty, regardless of per- sonal ends. A generation has seen you in harness, unassuming but treading the path of honour. But our gratitude centres especially upon your professional career. It was you who introduced into Canada the use of the transit theodolite upon the public surveys, displacing the less accurate and variable compass. It was you who pointed to the stars for a sure guide instead of the fickle magnetic pole. Through your unceasing efforts surveying has attained its present high standard, ever aiming higher, and is now an honourable profession. Rightly may we style you the father of astronomic surveying in Canada, and proud are we of so worthy a progenitor. May the laurel wreath you have won, resting in its snowy bed, brighten your remaining days in your quiet re- treat, and posterity will record : " His work is well done." Signed on behalf of the surveyors, by Otto J. Klotz, Pres, of Assn., Dom. Land Surveyors. A. H. Cotton, Sec.-Treasurer. Howard, Allan McLean, Toronto, was born at York, now Toronto, in 1825. He is a son of Janies S. Howard, who was born in Bandon, Cork, Ireland, in 1798, and Salome McLean, born at Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 1792. His father was a grand- son of Nicolas Guard, a Huguenot, who left lower Normandy, France, after the revoca- tion of the Edict of Nantes, and settled in London. In 1819, he sailed for Canada, and obtained a situation with the Hon. Mr. Allan, who at that time held nearly all the offices in the town and district. When they were divided, in 1828, Mr. Howard was ap- pointed postmaster, and this position he held till 1837, when he was most unjustly re- moved by Sir Francis Bond Head. In 1842, however, he was appointed treasurer of the old Home district, which then comprised the counties of Wellington, Simcoe, Peel, and Ontario. He died in 1866. Salome Mc- Lean, our subject's mother, was a daughter of the late Captain Archibald McLean, and grand-daughter of the late Captain James French, a loyalist officer in Delaney's corps. Captain McLean had command of a troop of horse in the New York Volunteers, serv- ing through the American rebellion of 1776, and was wounded at the severely contest- ed engagement of Eutaw Springs in South Carolina. In 1812, the same brave officer was adjutant of militia in New Bruns- wick, and represented the County of York in the legislature of that province for up- wards of twenty years. He died at his residence. Nashwaak, New Brunswick, in 1830. Mr. Howard was educated at the Home District Grammar school, conducted by Dr. McAulay, situated on the corner of New and March streets, now Jarvis and Lombard. He holds a captain's commission in the 7th battalion, Toronto, commanded CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 301 by the Honourable G. W. Allan. During the Trent affair, he joined the 2nd Mer- chants' company. He has been clerk of the First Division Court in the County of York since 1854 ; is a director of the Central Bank of Canada ; a director of the Confederation Life Insurance Company, and a director of the Ontario Industrial Loan Company. Mr. Howard is a zealous churchman, and has held the office of churchwarden and of dele- gate to the Synod. Owing to his official po- sition, he has never taken an active part in political work ; yet, notwithstanding his disinclination in that respect, should any party come into office with the dismember- ment of the empire through such means as independence or annexation for a policy, it is not at all to be doubted that the loy- alty so thoroughly bred in him would assert itself, and he would be found in the front ranks counselling allegiance to the mother country. In 1852, he married Miss Mac- donald, a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, whose brother is treasurer of the County of York, and managing director of the Confed- eration Life Assurance Company. He has had eight children, two of whom are dead. The eldest is a clerk in the Division Court office ; another, James Scott, is priest in charge of the parish of St. Matthews, in Toronto ; Donald is practising law, and had charge of a company of Grenadiers in the North-West expeditionary force ; and the youngest, Harold, is one of the paying tel- lers in the Central Bank. Howland, Sir William Pearce, C.B., K.C.M.G., Toronto. This leading citizen of our western metropolis, is of English descent, his American progenitor being one John Howland, a Quaker, who emigrated with the band of pilgrims, who landed on the " bleak New England shores " in 1620, whose descendants are now very numerous, and include many prominent families in Canada and the United States. Sir William Pearce Howland is a native of Duchess county, New York state, and was born in the town of Paulings, 29th of May, 1811. His parents, who were also natives of New York (Duchess county), were Jona- than Howland and Lydia Pearce. The former was in early life a farmer, but later he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Green- bush, New York. He died at Cape Vin- cent, New York, in 1842, and his widow in Toronto, a few years ago, at a very advanced age. Our subject was educated at the Kin- derhook academy, and came to Canada in 1830, settling in the township of Toronto, and engaging in mercantile business, in partnership with his brother. They soon opened another branch of their business at Standley's mills. Their business brought them in connection with the early settlers of what now comprises the counties of Peel, York, Cardwell, and Simcoe. In 1840 he purchased the Lambton mills pro- perty, and soon after engaged in the whole- sale grocery trade in Toronto. He is now extensively engaged in the milling business at several points in the province, and, in connection with his son, W. H. Howland, conducts one of the largest exporting pro- duce establishments in the country. The public were not long in perceiving Mr. Howland's adaptability to render them effi- cient service, and the many important positions which he has been called upon to fill, and the able and acceptable manner in which he has discharged his multifarious duties, evidence the possession of executive abilities of a high order. Sir William has been an influential member of the Toronto Board of Trade, and was its president for several years. He is also president of the Ontario Bank; president of the Anchor Marine Insurance Company ; president of the London and Canadian Loan and Agency Company ; president of the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and president of the Confederation Life Association of Canada. To do justice to Sir W. Howland's long and useful political career would require space far in excess of that at our disposal, and we can therefore but briefly mention the official positions in which he has served. He was a member of the Executive Council, Canada, from May 24th, 1862, until March 29th, 1864; and again from November 24th, 1864, until the union ; July 1st, 1867, was sworn in one of the Privy Council, and became minister of Inland Revenue, holding that position until July, 1868, when he was appointed lieu- tenant-governor of Ontario. In 3854, in conjunction with the late Hon. J. McMur- rich, Mr. Gordon Brown, Hon. W. Mc- Master, and a few others, he made the first practical movement for the opening up and, as it eventually proved, final acquisition of the North-West territory. These gentle- men provided funds to send Captain Ken- nedy to that territory, with instructions to invest a certain sum in the products of the country, to return by the interior to Fort William, and report upon the practicability of the route, the character of the country, and the prospects for trade. This action was followed by the organization of a com- pany, the purchase of a steamboat, and the 302 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF commencement of the construction of a road. When on public business in Eng- land, in conjunction with Judge Sicotte, they organized a small committee, upon which the Barings and Glins were repre- sented, to cooperate in such manner as was necessary to carry out the objects of the company in this country. They pressed their views upon the Imperial government and different administrations in Canada, and contended that if the Intercolonial Railway was built, that it would impose a burden upon Ontario quite out of propor- tion to any benefits to be derived from it, and in that case urged that as a compen- sation, and to obtain the acquisitions to the people in Ontario, that the govern- ment should take steps to acquire and open up the North-West, and the result is now before us. From 1857 to 1868 he re- presented the constituency of West York, first in the Canada Assembly until the union, and from that event, in the House of Commons. During the time Sir Wil- liam was in the Executive Council he was minister of finance during the first year, and receiver-general during the second; postmaster-general from November 24th, 1864, until August 30th, 1866, when he was again appointed minister of finance, and held that office until he entered the Privy Council. He was peculiarly fitted for the duties of the last-mentioned position, owing to his long and successful commercial ex- perience, and conducted its affairs with signal ability. In 1865 the government appointed him a commissioner, with Mr. (now Sir) Alexander Galt, to visit Washing- ton in the interests of reciprocal trade between the United States and Canada ; was re-appointed to the same mission in connection with Sir A. T. Galt, the present Justice Henry, and Sir A. J. Smith, 1866 ; and to the London conference, 1866-67, to complete terms for the union of the British American provinces. Again in 1875, his services were required as a commissioner to report on the route of the proposed Baie Verte canal. From July, 1868, until No- vember, 1873, Sir W. Howland filled the position of lieutenant-governor of Ontario, and upon his retirement therefrom left be- hind him an enviable record of official probity and administrative ability. His appointment to the chief civil office of the province was one which met with much favour from the public generally as well as from his party, and the highest expectations of his friends were not disappointed. As a partial recognition of his distinguished pub- lie services, Her Majesty created him C.B. (civil) in July, 1867, and in May. 1879, conferred upon him the order of knight- hood. Sir William has been twice married, first in 1843, to Mrs. Webb, who died in 1859 ; again in 1866, to the widow of the late Captain Hunt. He has three surviving children, two sons and one daughter. Sir William is modest and unassuming in dis- position, courteous in manner, self-pos- sessed and dignified in demeanour, honour- able in the highest sense; possessing the instincts which characterize the true gentle- man, he affords a fine example of a success- ful and useful career, and one worthy of imitation. Griffin, William Henry, Deputy Postmaster General of Canada, was born on August 7th, 1812. When he had reach- ed his seventeenth year, he entered the Imperial civil service as a clerk in the office of the deputy postmaster general, and four years later, the authorities perceiving his very great efficiency, promoted him to the position of surveyor of Post-offices, east of Kingston. When the post-office was trans- ferred to provincial control in 1851, Mr. Griffin was made secretary ; and on June 12th, 1857, he was appointed deputy post- master general of old Canada. The year following the completion of Confederation, he became deputy postmaster general of the Dominion, and has remained in that posi- tion ever since. Mr. Griffin has always ex- hibited a marked capacity for administration, and is, perhaps, one of the most thorough and efficient officers in the entire civil ser- vice. He has, it might be said, consecrated his life to his duties ; and where his duties are there lie all his attention and his inter- est. The government has always recognized Mr. Griffin's fine abilities, and especially his capacity for organization. In 1868 it was considered necessary to re-organize the civil service, and Mr. Griffin was appointed one of the commissioners to carry out this object. He was likewise a member of the Civil Service Commission of 1862. He has been a member of the Board of Audit since the organization of that body in 1858 ; and since 1864 has been a member of the Board of Excise, Customs and Stamps. It was Mr. Griffiin who negotiated the postal con- vention with the United States in 1875. He is vice-president of the Civil Service Building and Savings Society ; and is also chairman of the Civil Service Board. Mr- Griffin is still hale and hearty, exhibits the same excellent capacity for administration as he did in his more youthful days, and we CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 303 doubt not that there are yet for him many years of official usefulness. Bethune, Right Rev. Alexander Neil, D.D., D.C.L.-The late Mr Bethune, second Bishop of Toronto, was born in Williamstown, in the County of Glengarry, in August, 1800. His father was the Rev. John Bethune, the first Presbyterian minister of Canada, and our distinguished subject was the fifth son of a family of six sons and three daughters. The Bethune family was of Scot- tish origin, and settled in Canada with the de- voted band of U. E. loyalists in 1783. Young Bethune received his early educational train- ing at the Cornwall Grammar school, where he studied under Dr. Strachan ; but the war of 1812 broke up this school, and the student returned to Montreal, where he joined his family, resuming his studies. It appears that Dr. Strachan had taken a strong liking to the lad Bethune, and was resolved not to lose sight of him; so when, upon the invita- tion of General Brock, the doctor removed to York to take charge of the school there, he invited Mr. Bethune to assist him as classical tutor. To this duty the young man applied himself with diligence, and he like- wise began the study of divinity under his aforetime master. He was admitted to deacon's order, in 1823, and the following year was ordained priest by Bishop Mountain of Quebec. Spending a few years at Grims- by, he was appointed rector of Cobourg, then known as Hamilton, this being the chief town in the Newcastle district. The settlement at this period was only in its dawn, and laborious and trying were the duties that fell upon the shoulders of the young missionary; but Mr. Bethune was a man whom obstacles could not thwart, and he threw his whole energy into his work. For forty years did he labour in this charge, illustrious for his ability, his zeal, and his industry. In 1847, he was appointed archdeacon of York, but still re- tained his Cobourg charge. After twenty years had elapsed the advanced age of Bishop Strachan made it necessary that he should have episcopal assistance, and in 1867, Dr. Bethune was consecrated coadjutor bishop, in St. James' Cathedral, Toronto, by the bishops of Toronto, Huron, Ontario, West- ern New York and Michigan. Upon his consecration it was provided that the succes- sion should fall to him upon the death of Dr. Strachan. The pious and zealous bishop died at Toronto, in February, 1879. This statement we find in a work at our hand: "Those who only saw Bishop Bethune during his declining years can form little concep- tion of his earlier labours. When at Co- bourg, in addition to his periodical and archdiaconal work, he lectured on theology, and also conducted a church newspaper, without in the slightest degree neglecting the duties he owed to the flock committed to his charge. Bishop Bethune wrote a num- ber of works chiefly upon theological and devotional subjects; and his most noteworthy production was one of more general charac- ter entitled, 'Memoir of the Right Reverend John Strachan, D.D.,LL.D., first Bishop of Toronto." Dr. Bethune married a daughter of the Honourable James Crooks, by whom he had ten children, five of whom survive. Of these may be mentioned the Rev. Charles James Stewart Bethune, M. A., head master of the Trinity college school, Port Hope, (vide biographical sketch), who has gained more than a Canadian reputation through his ability as an entomologist. We make the following extract from a sermon preached in St. Peter's church, Cobourg, on the 9th February, 1879, by the venerable John Wilson, M.A., after the funeral of Bishop Bethune. "The younger clergy, who now complain af privation and suffering, little know what was patiently endured by their elder brethren, when most of this country was a wilderness, and the difficulties of tra- velling from place to place almost insuper- able. And yet all was patiently borne, if so be they might be instrumental in carrying the glad tidings of salvation to their poor and destitute brethren. I have accompan- ied our dear departed friend, while he was rector of this parish, in many a toilsome journey, and shared with him in many an act of self-denial, and I never heard one im- patient or complaining word escape his lips, but all was borne with the most examplary patience and fortitude. But why need I dwell on these things ? His unceasing labours are well known to you all. For some forty years he went in and out among you, visit- ing the sick, comforting the mourners, and administering the consolations of religion as they were needed. In a word, he was a model parish priest; and the result of his faithful labours is still manifest and deeply cherished by many a devout and faithful Christian heart throughout this commu- nity." Maclabe, John Alexander, M.A., Principal of the Normal School, Ottawa, was born in the County of Cavan, Ireland, on the 9th of January, 1842. Mr. MacCabe was educated chiefly in the Irish National schools, and at the Normal School, Dublin, Ireland. His career as a master has been 304 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF an active and an important one, as the fol- lowing record will show. He was English and mathematical master in the diocesan seminaries of Belfast, Kilmore and Killar- ney, Ireland ; was (1869) mathematical master in the Provincial Normal School, Truro, Nova Scotia, and at his own request was transferred to the English master- ship in the latter school. In 1875 he be- came Principal of the Provincial Normal School at Ottawa. Mr. MacOabe takes an active interest in many organizations proper to his position. He is president of the St. Patrick's Literary Association ; president of the Particular Council of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul ; president of Branch 28 C. M. B. A. He is likewise a member of the head quarters board of examiners of candidates for admission to the Royal Military College, Kingston, and a member of the board of examiners for Carleton county. He was graduated B. A. at the University of Ottawa in 1877. Our subject married, on the 29th of April, 1869, Kate Anna, only child of James Kelly, of Ennis- tymon, County Clare, Ireland. It will be inferred from the foregoing that activity and energy are qualities in Mr. MacCabe's character ; two essentials for every success- ful educationist. At a superficial glance it would be impossible to estimate the impor- tance of the educational and literary bent of a man whose methods and opinions be- come law with a large portion of the teachers in our public schools, and the attainments of Mr. MacCabe are said to be very satis- factory to the Minister of Education and to the profession. He is well grounded, is master of the approved educational methods, and gets the credit of keeping himself in line with the advancing age. He is a Roman catholic. McColman, Keil, M.P. P., was born in the parish of Kilcoman, Island of Islay, Argyleshire, on the 15th of February, 1834. He is a son of Peter McColman and Ann McAffer, daughter of the late Duncan McAffer, of the village of Kilnare, on the west coast of Islay. Our subject's father adopted the life of a farmer, and with the outflow of emigration, came to Canada in 1845. He settled in Caledon West, where he remained for four years, then he re- moved to the township of Collingwood and began as a farmer. He is still living and in his 86th year. Mrs. McColman died in 1878. There was left a family of six, the subject of our sketch being the second youngest. Neil McColman received a common school education in Islay, Scotland. After com- ing to this country, being then only twelve years of age, he began farming, and con- tinued at this occupation with good success, until 1882, when he retired, and rented his farm of 100 acres. He then removed to Thornbury to superintend the construc- tion of the harbour works in that village, where he still resides. In 1867, Mr. McCol- man was elected to the township council of Collingwood, and in 1869 was elected reeve for the same township, and he was re- elected for several years afterwards. In 1884, upon the death of the late A. W. Lauder, M. P. P., he contested the repre- sentation for the East Riding of Grey for the Ontario house against Robert Myles, of Euphrasia township, and he succeeded in defeating his opponent by a majority of 622 votes, which was a very decided victory. Our subject is a member of the Orange Association, and has held the office of mas- ter for some years. At present he is district chaplain of Collingwood District, and is a member of Lodge No. 1087. He is a man of wide and ripened experience, and has travelled through the greater part of Canada and the' United States. In politics Mr. McColman is a Liberal-Conservative, and was president of the East Grey Conserva- tive Association for six or seven years. He resigned this office at the time of his elec- tion. He is a member of the Provincial Liberal-Conservative Association. He was married, in 1857, to Martha Green, daugh- ter of Maymon Green, of the County of York, a native of Yorkshire, England, and by this lady has a family of six children. Mr. McColman's public career, has, so far, been a credit to him, and those who have watched his administrative abilities in mu- nicipal matters, consider him a shrewd, level-headed man, and fit to take a place in any deliberate assembly. Dougall, John, New York (late of Montreal). There ate few men now living who have done more good as a journalist and a temperance reformer than the subject of our sketch. John Dougall was born in the town of Paisley, Scotland, on the 8th of July, 1808, and was descended from an in- telligent and thrifty ancestry. His grand- father, Duncan Dougall, who was only thirty- six years older than his grandson, John Dougall, was the son of a well-to do weaver, and was engaged as a manufacturer of mus- lin. This gentleman was an enthusiastic tory, even in the midst of the most rampant radicalism, and a man of imperious but af- fectionate nature, passionately fond of flow- ers, a taste for which descended to his grand- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 305 children. His son, John Dougall, the father of our subject, was said to have been the greatest reader in Paisley, and a keen re- former. He gave his two sons, John (of Montreal), and James (of Windsor), a desul- tory education, including almost unlimited reading, and to encourage the lads in their love for learning, started a boys' literary club in his own house. Out of this club, which consisted of six members, sprang one poet and three journalists, all of consider- able note. John Dougall, with the idea of going to South America, learned the Span- ish language. But this field of enterprise was abandoned, and, at the age of eighteen, in 1826, he sailed for Canada, taking with him a large assortment of goods, with the view of establishing a branch house and a commission business. In the prosecution of his business he travelled a good deal, and became familiar with the then rising towns west of Montreal, and a winter spent in the backwoods of Lanark gave him an insight into the privations suffered by our pioneer settlers. Mr. Dougall was temperate from early youth, but not until 1828 did he take an active part in the temperance movement. Temperance (that is abstinence from stbong drink, but the use of wine and beer in mod- eration) was first publicly advocated in Mont- real, in 1828, by the Rev. Mr. Christmas, and out of this sprang the M mtreal Tem- perance S >ciety, which Mr. Dougall joined, and at once became one of its most active members. He then became editor of the Canada Temperance Advocate, the organ of the new departure, and this position he ably occupied, in addition to carrying on his other business, until 1846, when he started The Witness newspaper, with which his name has been for so many years identified. In 1835 it was discovered that the moderate use of wine and beer did not decrease the number of drunkards, the Montreal Tem- perance Society therefore abandoned the so-called temperance pledge, and adopted the more sensible one of total abstinence from all drinks that intoxicate. In 1838, the Rev. Dr. Kirk, of Boston, having visited Montreal, Mr. Dougall was so im- pressed with the preaching of this zealous man, that the piety of his boyhood was re- vive I, and in 1840, shortly after his mar- riage, he j lined the Congregational Church, and has remained a consistent member of the church ever since. The Witness started in 1846 ; continu d for ten years to be pub- lished as a weekly sheet ; and then it was issued as a semi-weekly, a tri-weekly, and a weekly. In 1860 a daily edition was added at the low price of one half-penny, and, though maintaining the strict religious and temperance character of its predecessors, it rapidly reached, through the interest excited by the American war, what was then an un- precedented and startling circulation. Such was the early success of this venture in point of acceptance with the people, that its founder never ceased to contrive how to se- cure the establishment of daily papers of similar character in other places. Ha visited several cities, spoke at an International Young Men's Christian Association Conven- tion in behalf of cheap daily Christian newspapers ; addressed, on the same sub- ject several important religious gatherings and conferred with the editors of religious weeklies about beginning daily editions" but found no one prepared to try the experi- ment. Owing largely, perhaps, to the fail- ure of the New York World to carry out the similar religious intentions of its founders, the proposal was not carried out till 1871' when Mr. Dougall was practically encour- aged by a gentleman of means to commence the enterprise himself, and the New York Daily Witness was begun, and carried on for seven years, when it was obliged to succumb at last during the depression of 1878, after a large sum of money had been expended in it ; but it left behind it the New York Weekly Witness, which now has a circulation approaching a hundred thousand copies weekly, and it is believed, exercises an in- fluence in that country second to no other publication. Though Mr. Dougall is now in his seventy-seventh year, he is still hale and hearty, and apparently has a good many years of usefulness still before him. The Montreal Witness has been under the man- agement of John Redpath Dougall since his father went to New York in 1871, and we are pleased to say that it is one of the most popular papers in the province of Quebec,, and taking its daily and weekly circulation into account, is, perhaps, the most largely read newspaper in Canada. It is almost un- necessary to say that John Redpath Dougall has followed in the footsteps of his father, and is a staunch advocate of Temperance and Prohibition. Smythe, Edward II, Q.C., LL.D., Kingston, Ontario, was born at Wymond- ham, near Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, England, in the year 1844. He is a son of the Reverend W. Herbert Smythe, formerly of the diocese of Huron, and subsequently of Tamworth, diocese of Ontario. Young Smythe received his early educational in- struction at the North London Collegiate 306 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF school, England, and the London Grammar School. In 1863 he entered Toronto Uni- versity, from which institution he graduated B.A., in 1867. In obtaining his Arts de- gree. Mr. Smythe entered the office of the late Thomas Kirkpatrick, where he began a study of the law. In 1870 he was called to the bar, and at once, with the energy which has always characterized him, began to prac- tice his profession. But he had more than energy ; he had a sound knowledge of the law, and he had unusual ability. It is no great wonder that he made his mark in his profession. In 1881 he received the degree of LL.D. ; and in 1885he was invested with the silken gown of counsellor. He likewise holds two silver medals. Mr. Smythe ser- ved during the Fenian disturbance of 1866 and 1870 ; and he was present with the University Rifles during the action at Lime- ridge, on the 2nd of June, 1866. He was major in the Princess of Wales Own Rifles, but retired in 1881, retaining rank. To civic politics likewise has our subject given considerable and very earnest attention. He was for four years an aiderman for the city, and was mayor during 1885. He is like- wise a member of the board of trustees for the Collegiate Institute. Is past president of St. George's society of Kingston, and warden of Ancient St. John's, No. 3, A.F. & A. M. He married, in 1872, Eliza, eldest daughter of George M. Wilkinson, of Kings- ton. Mr. Smythe is an Anglican in religion, and a Conservative in politics. Carmichael, James, Oshawa, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, on February 9th, 1821. His father was James Car- michael, and his mother's maiden name was Cowan. Her family is very old in the an- nals of Argyleshire. Our subject came to Canada in 1842, and his people followed him three years later. He was educated at a parish school in Scotland, and later on in Glasgow. In that city also he was appren- ticed to a dry goods dealer, in 1837, and remained in this occupation till he sailed for Canada in 1842. He first went to St. Thomas, and then to London, taking situa- tions in dry goods houses. In 1846 he re- moved to Toronto, and began business here in 1848, for himself, in the dry goods line. In 1853 he opened a branch in Oshawa, and in 1854 he opened another branch in Prince Albert. In 1873 he retired from the dry goods business in Oshawa, having in the meantime disposed of his other branches. In 1873 he began the manufacture of stoves, and this business he conducted for eight years, and then sold out. In 1877 he became postmaster, and has retained this position ever since. He has been a school trustee for twenty years, and this fact affords some evidence of the interest he has taken in education. He also took much interest in municipal affairs, and was reeve for some time. He was manager and president of the Oshawa Stove Company, while he was con- nected with that company. He is a master mason of Cedar Lodge, and is highly re- garded among his brethren. He has travel- led extensively through the United States, and visited all parts of Canada. In religion he is an Episcopalian, and his politics are in accord with those held by Alexander Mac- kenzie and Edward Blake. He has always taken a deep interest in public affairs, and at one time received unanimous nomination for South Ontario, but private business re- lations prevented his acceptance of nomin- ation to enter the House of Commons, and so refused to run for parliamentary honours. He married Frances Dain, from Newcastle- under-Lyne, England. She died in 1871. Mr. Carmichael is very genial in his man- ners, and is looked up to as a leading man in the town of Oshawa, and he has well earned the respect and the high regard in which he is held. Innes, William Patrick, Simcoe, was born at Inverdruie, Rothiemurchus, Inverness-shire, Scotland, on the 6th of No- vember, 1832. His parents were Robert and Amelia, the maiden-name of his mother being Patterson. Mr. Innes, senior, was a mechanical engineer and draughtsman, and was very noted in his profession. He died in 1853, in the town of Inverness, Scot- land, leaving a family of seven children, of which William Patrick was the third. Mr. Innes is descended of one of the oldest families in Scotland. The family line is traced back to the reign of Malcolm IV. of Scotland (1157). At this time a charter was granted to one Beroaldus de Flandrensis, who came from Flanders. Upon settling in Scotland this person took the local name of Innes, which means island or peninsula. Part of his property was situated in Moray- shire. The subject of this sketch received a fair education, and after leaving school went to Glasgow, where he entered the em- ploy of J. & P. Stewart, iron merchants and manufacturers, where he remained for one year, and on the failure of this firm he went to Dalkeith, near Edinburgh, where he en- tered the employ of David Pursell, of the Elmfield Iron Works, situated at Dalkeith, near Edinburgh. His employment here at first was that of cashier, but subsequently he CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 307 became manager. He resolved, however, to go to Canada, and in September, 1857, landed in Quebec. From Quebec he pro- ceeded to Dundas, where he engaged as manager in the employ of J. M. Kirby, of West Flamboro', who carried on an exten- sive milling and distillery business con- jointly. He remained here for about a year, and then returned to the town of Dundas, entering the employ of Billington & For- sythe, manufacturers of agricultural imple- ments. Two years later he entered into partnership with John Walton, brewer and distiller, at Chatham, Ontario, the firm being known as Walton & Innes. Although a partner in this concern, he still retained his position with Billington & Forsythe. In 1860 he purchased his partner's interest, and removing to Chatham, he carried on this business there for about two years. He then sold the premises and removed to Fer- gus, where he entered into partnership in the foundry business with the late James Grindley. Four years later he retired from this firm, and then took charge of the busi- ness of James Coleman, a large manufacturer and grain merchant in Dundas. For two years he remained in the establishment, and during this time was the principal grain buyer as well as general manager. Before separating himself from this firm he pur- chased the business of Cameron & Innes, steamboat owners and forwarders, of Dun- das, carrying on the enterprise till 1873. In this year he retired from business, sell- ing all his property. In 1874 he removed to the town of Simcoe, where he entered into partnership with George Jackson, of that place, in the manufacture of furniture and contracting. Two years later Mr. Innes re- tired from the firm. During his connection with Mr. Jackson he was also connected with a large fish-freezing establishment at Port Ryerse, Lake Erie, where an Ameri- can company was engaged in pound-net fishing. The company failed, and Mr. Innes purchased the entire fishing interest in that locality, carrying on the business there for about four years. He likewise pur- chased the grocery establishment of John Curtis, of Simcoe, and took his nephew, William Brander, into partnership. This business was carried on until 1881, when, his nephew coming of age, Mr. Innes hand- ed the establishment over to him, and re- tired from the firm. While connected with the grocery business, he, in connection with Dr. James Hayes, at present mayor of Sim- coe ; R. T. Livingston, barrister, and now Judge Livingston ; Joseph Jackson, lumber merchant, now member of the Dominion Parliament for South Norfolk, established the Simcoe Canning Company, which busi- ness continued until 1881, when Mr. Jack- son and the subject of this sketch purchased the interest of the other members of the firm. The newly-organized business was conducted under the name of the Simcoe Canning Company. The business, which still continues, and is attended with abun- dant success, consists in the canning and preserving of all kinds of fruits, vegetables, poultry, etc. The firm have also in connec- tion with the canning department, exten- sive evaporators for drying fruits and vege- tables. The establishment employs about one hundred hands, during the busy season. They purchase all the surplus stock of fruits and vegetables in the surrounding country, besides importinglarge quantities from other sections of Canada and the United States. The trade of this enterprising house now extends through all of Canada, and there are occasional shipments to Great Britain and South America. Mr. Innes was a mem- ber of the Dundas artillery company, under Colonel William Notman ; and has been a member of the Simcoe school board for a number of years. He has been connected with almost every great enterprise near him in a prominent way ; and has always given his support to the Conservative party when political questions arose. He has been an elder of St. Paul's (Presbyterian) church for several years. In 1868, he married Marion Livingstone, daughter of the Rev. M. W. Livingstone, Presbyterian minister, Simcoe. The fruit of this union is a family of six children, four boys and two girls. Altogether our subject's career has been one of unusual energy, enterprise, and business pluck. Baker, William John, Belleville, was born on the 9th May, 1835, in Belle- ville, Canada. His father, John Baker, was a native of England, who came to Canada with the British troops at an early period. When he left the army he settled in Belle- ville, where afterwards, as we have seen, was born the subject of this sketch. William John Baker received his early educational instruction at a private school, for at this time public schools had not been established at Belleville, or in its neighbourhood. He made the very most of his opportunities, and by and by, when the world lay before him, through which he must win his way,- he was not unprepared, in an intellectual sense, for the work. He was apprenticed to the trade of carriage-making, and after 308 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF faithfully serving his time, in 1861 he com- menced business on his own account. In 1883 he was elected aiderman in Belleville, and was re-elected for 1884 and 1885 ; and we presume that it will fall to the next who writes a sketch of his life to note that some time after 1885 he occupied the mayor's chair. In religion he is a Presbyterian. He married in August, 1855, Emily, daugh- ter of Captain Edward Thomas, of King- ston, Ontario, and by this union there were twelve children, seven of whom are living, namelv, two boys and five girls. His eldest son, William Henry, who had been associ- ated with his father in the business, died recently, at the age of twenty-nine years. Our subject has a son, Frederick Charles, at Prince Albert, and during the late Riel uprising, a house belonging to him at Duck Lake was gutted by the half-breeds. We may add that Mr. Baker is a most enthu- siastic sportsman. His business is a firmly established and extensive one, and is under- stood to be making wholesome progress all the time. Carroll, I>r. James, M.A., Norwich, Ontario, was born on the 4th of December, 1829, in the township of Toronto, County of York. He is a son of Lieutenant-Colonel William Carroll and Ann McIntosh, of the City of Toronto, who settled there about 1809. She was a sister of the late John Mc- Intosh, M. P. for the old Parliament of Upper Canada. This lady died in 1863. Our subject's grandfather was an old U. E. loyalist, who fought on the British side in 1776, and after the triumph of independ- ence, left his home in Maryland, and pro- ceeded to Fredericton, New Brunswick. The family came originally from Ireland. Mr. Carroll resided in New Brunswick till 1809, when he removed to the province of Ontario, settling with his family in the town of York, where he remained until his death. His son, William Carroll, took up a bush farm in the County of York, where he re- mained till 1842. During the war of 1812- 15, he took an active part in the defence of his country, and was present at the battle of Lundy's Lane, at the taking of Fort Niagara, and in several other engagements. In 1842, he removed to the township of Norwich, where he again engaged in farm- ing, continuing so employed till his death in 1864. Mr. Carroll was a brother of the late Rev. Dr. Carroll, Methodist pastor of Toronto, who died some time ago. He was a staunch Liberal, and always fought stur- dily in the cause of political progress. Dr. James Carroll was the youngest of six chil- dren. He received a good education, partly through private tuition, and partly through attendance at the common schools. After leaving school he proceeded to Toronto, and entered upon the study of medicine in the Toronto School of Medicine, graduating from that institution with his M.D. in 1852. He then returned to the town of Norwich, where he at once began to practice his pro- fession. Close attention and great profes- sional proficiency bore their fruit in a large and remunerative practice. Dr. Carroll was a member of the Canadian Militia, and act- ed as surgeon in the organization. For some years he held the position of president of the Brantford, Norfolk and Port Burwell Railway Company. Like his father, he was a faithful Liberal. His religious professions were those of Methodism. He married in 1858, Emily Cromwell, daughter of the late John Cromwell, of the township of South Norwich. She died in 1860, leaving no family, and the Doctor followed her on the 31st of October, 1885, and in his fifty- seventh year, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends. Hodgins, John, Ottawa, Barrister-at- Law, etc., was born at Huntley, County of Carleton, August 12th, 1852. Our subject is a son of the late James Hodgins, one of the first pioneers of the Ottawa Valley, and grandson of the late Thomas Hodgins, whe came to this country in 1821, and settled in the Ottawa Valley when it was a complete wilderness, and civilization in its infancy. His mother, Eliza Holmes, was daughter of the late William Holmes, of the East India service. Both parents were of Irish descent, and died some years ago. John Hodgins received his early educational instruction at Huntley, and afterwards he entered the old County Grammar School of Carleton (now the Collegiate Institute). In 1870 he was gold medallist of this institution ; and he took, during his course, the highest honours in the school. He afterwards pro- ceeded to Toronto, where he pursued his studies with plose application, so close in- deed, that his health failed him, and he was obliged to close his books. He then entered the civil service of Canada, but of this life he soon grew tired; and in 1874 he began the study of law in the office of Cameron, McMichael & Hoskins, Toronto. He pur- sued his studies in the Law School at Os- goode Hall, whence he took his degree in law. In 1879 he was called to the bar of Ontario, but shortly afterwards he removed to Ottawa, where he began the practice of his profession, and at Ottawa he has remain- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 309 ed since. Close application, good ability, and personal and professional integrity soon brought their reward. It was not long be- fore Mr. Hodgins found himself in posses- sion of a lucrative and wide-extending prac- tice ; and he is now head of the well-known firm of Hodgins, Kidd & Rutherford. He has taken some interest in military matters, and holds a commission in the Governor- General's Foot Guards. Mr. Hodgins is not exclusively shut up in his profession, but shows that he possesses a wide spirit of pub- lic enterprise. He is connected with nearly every important public enterprise in the County of Carleton and in his adopted city. These enterprises comprise stock companies and kindred organizations. Mr. Hodgins is a Liberal-Conservative, and belongs to a very old Conservative family. He takes considerable interest in politics, having been a candidate for the legislature in 1883, for his native county. He takes a deep in- terest in everything connected with agri- culture, in which occupation he has been more or less engaged during his lifetime. He is at present the owner of an extensive farm in the township of Huntley. He has travelled extensively on this continent and through Europe. In religion, he is a mem- ber of the Episcopal church, and is deeply- interested in everything pertaining to its welfare. Larmonr, Robert, Stratford, On- tario, District Superintendent Grand Trunk Railway, in the County of Dundas, was born in September, 1841. His parents, Robert and Elizabeth, were born near Bel- fast, Ireland, from which city they sailed for Canada, on the day of their marriage, and on their arrival they settled in the township of Matilda, County of Dundas. Mr. Larmour is one of the pioneers of that county, and he has now lived over half a century on the farm where he felled the trees to make room for his shanty. He served as a militiaman at the battle of the Windmill, when that place was invested by the filli- busters from the hunter's lodges. Young Larmour, our subject, was educated at the Dundas County Grammar School, the head- master at that time being Mr. Carmen, now Bishop Carmen, of Cobourg. He passed through all the forms, and took a teacher's certificate, the late Rev. Dr. Ryerson being the examiner. He joined the 3rd Battal- lion, Grand Trunk Railway Brigade, at Brantford, as captain in 1866, and obtained the rank of major ; and he served under Col. Wolesley, at Thorold camp, in 1867. Mr. Larmour was employed as assistant of the postmaster, Geo. Brouse, when only six- teen years old. Here he learned telegraphy, and he afterwards entered the service of the Montreal Telegraph Company, and was transferred from that company to the Grand Trunk Railway Company, on the completion of the line from Montreal to Brookville. He is a master mason, and was made in 1864, in Elgin Lodge, Montreal. In religion he professes Episcopalianism. He married, on the 25th of December, 1866, Lizzie Gardham, daughter of John and Elizabeth Gardham, both of whom were born in England, but removed to Canada early in life. For some years they lived in Kingston, where the father of Mrs. Gard- ham held the position of military store- keeper, under the Imperial government. Shortly after entering the service of the Grand Trunk Railway (with which com- pany he has now been connected for twenty- eight years), Mr. Larmour was removed to Island Pond, Vermont; thence to Portland, and to various other points on the Atlantic and St. Lawrence division, until the com- pletion of the Victoria Bridge, when he was removed to Montreal, and later on to Kingston, and again to Montreal. When the Prince of Wales visited Canada, our subject was chosen telegrapher, and whose duty it was to accompany the Prince when he was travelling through the country. In 1865, on the retirement of O. S. Wood, he applied for the position of superintend- ent of the Montreal Telegraph Company, and was warmly supported in his applica- tion by many of the then directors. It will be remembered by many that the question of the appointment of Mr. Wood's successor was brought before the Legisla- tive Assembly, then sitting in Quebec, and was finally decided that the venerable secretary, James Dakers, should assume the management without appointing a suc- cessor to Mr. Wood. He was appointed district superintendent of the Buffalo and Goderich district of the Grand Trunk Rail- way, in the spring of 1866 and took up his residence at Brantford. In June of that year the Fenian raid at Fort Erie took place. He was at Fort Erie the morning of the crossing, and sent the first alarm to the general in command at Toronto. He retreated, with all the rolling stock of the railway, to Port Colborne, and took a prom- inent part in the movements of volunteers until the affair was over. For this he was specially thanked by the board of directors, and he has now in his possession a number of letters showing the high value set upon his 310 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ed as one of the soundest and ablest of Belleville's business men. He has several times been elected by his fellow citizens to represent them at the municipal board, and while he served as a town councillor, he was an energetic and faithful guardian of the town's interests. Mr. Lewis was a member of the first Oddfellows' lodge established in Montreal, the Prince of Wales lodge, which he joined in 1844. He is also a member of the Masonic craft; and has for many years been on the commission of the pdhce. From early manhood Mr. Lewis has been in poli- tics a staunch supporter of Reform prin- ciples, and was on one occasion the standard bearer of his party. When the provincial elections occurred in 1875, he was president of the West Hastings Reform Association, and was selected by the reformers of that riding to contest it in their interest. There were two other candidates in the field,-the reform vote was split,-and after a vigorous and exciting campaign, he was defeated by a narrow majority. In religion Mr. Lewis has been a Methodist all his life, having joined the church of his father and grand- father, whilst yet a lad, and remained in it up to the present time. For many years he has been secretary to the Board of Trustees of the church to which he belongs. He has been twice married. In 1851 he was wedded to Mary E. Jones, eldest daughter of Rev. R. Jones, of Cobourg, Ontario, and a large family was the result of this union. In 1871 Mrs. Lewis died, and two years later Mr. Lewis placed her sister at the head of his household. Rattray, William J., Toronto.-The late Mr. Rattray was born in London, Eng- land, in 1835. The family came to Canada in 1848, and settled in Toronto. Mr. Rat- tray, sr., carried on business as a baker for many years on Yonge street, Toronto, and was highly respected as a citizen. William entered the Toronto University in 1854, and devoted himself earnestly to study, especial- ly in the department of metaphysics and philosopy, and soon developed rare intellec- tual gifts as an active reason er. He was elected prize-speaker and president of the College Literary Society, and his clear and thoughtful utterances soon won for him a brilliant reputation among the young men of his time. On graduating, he carried off the gold medal in mental science. Mr. Rattray was for many years before his death, connected with the Toronto press, his most noteworthy work being done on The Mail. A series of articles which appeared weekly in this paper, extending over several years, cool-headedness, and prompt, wise action, at a time when confusion was everywhere. In 1869, our subject was removed to Strat- ford, having the line from Stratford to Lon- don and Sarnia added. Afterwards was added the line to Detroit and Jackson, Michigan, and finally the line from Strat- ford to Toronto, and from Port Dover to Wiarton and Durham. He was relieved of the charge of lines in Michigan. Lewis, Jolin, Belleville, Ontario, the longest established hardware merchant of that place, is a native of Chatham, England, where he was born on March 31st, 1821. Though of English birth, he is of pure Welsh extraction, both his parents having been natives of Wales. His father, Lewis Lewis, enlisted in the British army early in life, and was drafted into the Royal engi- neers. In 1823 his corps was sent to the West Indies, and during his service there, his children resided with their grandparents, near Aberystwith, South Wales. The fam- ily moved to Devonport, England, in 1827, and lived there until 1831, when Lewis Lewis came to Quebec with his regiment, and his family came with him. The elder Lewis was a singularly upright and God-fearing man, and was so noted in the regiment for his piety that he was dubbed by his com- rades " the holy Lewis." The influence of his precept and example was not lost on his children. His eldest son, Eben, became a prominent and useful minister of the Con- gregational church, in England, and after- wards laboured for many years and with distinguished success as a missionary in Hindostan. John, the fourth son, and the subject of this notice, was, in 1834, appren- ticed to a liquor merchant, but the business was distasteful to him, and after his five years apprenticeship had expired, he aban- doned the calling, and went into the hard- ware business. For eight years, from 1841 to 1849, he served as a clerk in a whole- sale house in Montreal ; but his enterprise and ambition prompted him at last to launch into business on his own account, and in September, 1849, he established the first hardware store in Belleville, and he has continued this business ever since. Mr. Lewis has also done much towards encourag- ing the manufacturing interests of Belle- ville. He was for some time engaged in the lumber business on an extensive scale, and was largely interested in the manu- facture of skates, carriage springs and hames ; but none of these enterprises prov- ing profitable, they were one after the other abandoned. Mr. Lewis is generally regard- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 311 dealing with the conflict between agnostic- ism in its various forms and revealed relig- ion, excited a great deal of attention at the time, and were greatly admired by a wide circle of readers. They presented the ortho- dox side of the question with great force and ability. He also wrote articles to the Canadian Monthly,'and was amongst its most popular contributors. The last work on which he was engaged was the "Scott in British North America," a four volume book which will forever reflect credit on its author, and he had nearly completed the last vol- ume, when death came and put a stop to his further usefulness here. Mr. Rattray's in- tellect was an unusually active one, and his brilliant natural faculties were cultivated by assiduous steady and constant reflection. Es- sentially a many-sided man intellectually, he displayed equal power and grasp of his sub- ject in dealing with current political and soc- ial topics, as in grappling with the deeper problems of life and eternity, which of later years engrossed so much of his thoughts. His style was notable for its lucidity, smoothness and finish, which made every- thing he wrote readable, and pleased even when it did not convince. Personally, Mr. Rattray was one of the most honourable of men, and though owing to his somewhat retiring disposition, his circle of intimate friends was not numerous, there were many who, having had only a passing acquaintance, felt great sorrow at his premature death. He died in Toronto, on the 26th September, 1863, after an illnesss, the long and insid- ious approaches of which had greatly im- paired his customery vital force. By the death of Mr. Rattray, Canadian literature sustained a great loss. Turner, Hon. James, Senator, Ham- ilton, Ontario, was born in Glasgow, Scot- land, on the 31st March, 1826. He is a son of the late John Turner, of MacLellan & Turner, power loom manufacturers, Glas- gow. His mother was Catherine Mitchell. Young Turner received his education at private schools, and later on at the Glasgow High School. When in his twenty-second year he emigrated from Glasgow to Canada, proceeding to Hamilton, where he took up his abode and has remained ever since. He married, in June, 1850, Caroline Huldah Greene, of Kingston, Ontario. In religious matters, Senator Turner gives his allegi- ance to Presbyterianism. His success has been most conspicuous, and he stands now among the foremost business men in Can- ada. He is head of the firm of James Turner & Company, importers and whole- sale grocers, at Hamilton ; and is likewise senior partner of Turner, Rose & Co., whole- sale grocers and tea merchants, in Mont- real ; and of Turner, Mackeand & Co., wholesale grocers, in Winnipeg. As early as 1867 our enterprising subject began to do business at Fort Garry. With reference to this firm, we may be permitted to quote the following from a reliable quarter:-"Any work professing to give an outline of Hamil- ton industries would be incomplete unless it gave prominence to this old firm. When the late John Turner and his brother, the now senior partner, established the house thirty- seven years ago, Hamilton's population did not exceed eight thousand, and there were but few industries of any magnitude in the city. From the commencement the firm's career, like Hamilton's, has been one of con- tinued growth and success. The present partners are Hon. James Turner and Alex- ander Turner. The senior partner-one of the chosen few, who by push and honourable enterprise have really created Hamilton the great trade centre that it now is-has always been among the first to contribute his name, influence and means to any effort and enter- prise that aimed to build up the city. Sen- ator Turner is vice-president of the Bank of Hamilton, a director of the Hamilton and North-western Railway Company, a member of the executive committee of the Northern and North-western, a director of the North- ern and Pacific Junction Railway Company. He also takes an active part in the affairs of the city, is a member of the executive com- mittee of the Board of Trade, to the great satisfaction of his fellow citizens ; and has the honour of representing Hamilton in the Dominion Senate. The head partner is also the senior in the firm of Turner, Rose & Co., of Montreal, and Turner, MacKeand & Co., of Winnipeg. James Turner & Co. commenced business in Manitoba, in 1867, having built the first brick store in that growing metropolis of the North-West in 1872." Senator Turner was president of the Hamilton Board of Trade in 1869 ; was a director of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce Railway during its construction, and was president of the Hamilton and Lake Erie Railway from its inception until amalgam- ated with the Hamilton and North-Western Railway. He visited the North-West terri- tories with the Honourable Joseph Howe in 1869, and since then has travelled through that region almost annually, having been as far as the Columbia river and at Edmon- ton. In 1882, he sailed down the Saskat- chewan from Edmonton to Winnipeg. Eu- 312 A CYCLOPEDIA OF logy Senator Turner is not necessary, for his career is before the reader. But let it be said that his life is a most remarkable one in a business sense. Senator Turner has displayed industry, commercial insight, and judgment far above the common order ; and in his place in the Senate his counsel and decisions are always held in the highest possible regard. He is not less worthy, and an ornament, as Senator than as merchant. Defoe, Daniel McCarthy, Aider- man, Toronto, was born at Belleville, On- tario, in April, 1835 ; and was a son of Joseph and Joanna Defoe, of that place. He received his education in his native town, studying English, Latin and mathe- matics, at Albert College, Belleville. In April, 1859, he entered the office of G. E. Henderson, Belleville, to study law ; and passed his primary examination at Osgoode Hall, in May, 1861. He continued his studies for three years in the office of Mr. Henderson, then entered with A. R. Dou- gall, also of Belleville, where he remained for fifteen months. At the end of this period he removed to Toronto (August, 1863), en- tering the office of Patterson, Harrison & Hodgins, of that city. The concluding nine months of his prescribed study-period was spent in this firm ; and in May, 1864, Mr. Defoe was admitted to practice as an attor- ney and solicitor of Osgoode Hall. He now entered into a legal partnership with Laur- ence Hey den, of Toronto, and this partner- ship continued till 1869, when Mr. Heyden retired ; and from that time to the present our subject has continued, and with marked success, to practice law upon his own ac- count. A sound and practical knowledge of his profession, energy in its practice, and very excellent natural abilities have told in our subject's favour as a barrister. He has not confined himself entirely to the law, but has given a great deal of attention to sub- jects of civic concern. He entered the city council as aiderman for St. Andrew's ward in 1882 ; and has been re-elected for that office every city election since. On the resignation of Colonel F. C. Denison, in Sep- tember, 1884, Mr. Defoe was elected chair- man of the Executive Committee, and still continues to hold that position. Our subject is a staunch Conservative, and has been vice-president of the St. Andrew's ward branch of the Liberal-Conservative Associa- tion. He is a Roman catholic. He married on the 12th September, 1882, Anna Marion Jackson, only daughter of the late Captain Charles Jackson, of the United States army. It is very generally conceded that Mr. Defoe is one of the most useful, able and zealous aidermen that the City of Toronto has ever had in her service, and we have little doubt that at no distant day the citizens will show their appreciation of his fidelity to their in- terests by electing him their mayor. Johnston, John, Belleville, Inspector of Schools for South Hastings and the City of Belleville, was born twelve miles from In- verness, Scotland, in the year 1838. In 1846 he arrived in Belleville with his parents, William and Susanna Johnston. .When he had attained his eighth year he began to at- tend the public schools of Belleville, and continued to do so for five years. When he became old enough to be of service, he worked during the spring, summer, and early autumn upon the farm with his father, and attended school in winter. So great were his industry and capacity that he was able to keep up his year's work notwith- standing his summer absence. In the spring of 1857 he obtained from the county board a first-class certificate, and on the 1st Decem- ber of the same year, began to teach a public school in the second concession of Sidney, being then in his nineteenth year. He taught here for two and a half years, and then proceeded to Toronto, where he entered the Normal School, under Thomas J. Robert- son, M.A., as head master, and Herbert Sangster, as second master, obtaining at the close of the term a provincial certificate, second-class, grade A. In 1861 he began to teach the very school at which he attended while working upon the farm. In May of the same year he married Augusta Rowe, of Sidney, and settled down to teaching and education as a life work. In 1866 the trus- tees of his school permitted him to attend the Normal institution ; and during his ab- sence his wife took charge of his school. He now took a first-class provincial certificate, grade B ; and in June, 1871, obtained a grade A. He taught this school with so much success, and in a manner so satisfac- tory to the public, that in April, 1871, the county council unanimously appointed him inspector of schools for South Hastings. In 1874 he was likewise appointed inspector of schools for Belleville. Inspector Johnston is a member of the St. Andrew's Presby- terian church, under the ministrations of the Rev. M. W. McLean, M. A. He has like- wise been president of the South Hastings Teachers' Association since 1871. It is not overstating the case to say that Mr. John- ston is one of the most popular, and at the same time most efficient school inspectors in the province of Ontario. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 313 Elgin. Earl of.-The Right Honour- able James Bruce, Earl of Elgin and Kin- cardine, Baron Bruce of Kinloss and of Torry in the peerage of Scotland, and Baron Elgin of Elgin in that of the United King- dom, was born in 1811. He completed his education at Christ Church, Oxford, where he was first-class in classics, in 1832. He subsequently became a fellow of Mereton. In 1841, he was elected for Southampton, and the same year, owing to the death of his father, succeeded to the title. In 1846, Lord Elgin was promoted to the governor- generalship of Canada, succeeding Earl Cathcart, whom he had also followed at Ja- maica. The admirable manner in which he conducted the affairs of this great depend- ency is well known and fully recognized, both in England and this country, Lord Elgin having obtained the credit of hav- ing consolidated and united the somewhat discordant political and social elements of the two provinces, of which Canada was then composed, eradicated many evils and abuses, and placed the affairs of the country in a most perfect and prosper- ous condition. Indeed, his lordship is justly recognized as one of the best and ablest of the governors that have guided the destinies of this great country. His ser- vices here entitled him to a large share of our gratitude, and his name to be enshrined on the brightest page of our history, if we were only to speak of the great benefits of the late reciprocity treaty with the United States, which assuredly owed its existence to his great genius and ability, but almost everything we witness in Canada of any greatness, bears some impress of his foster- ing care and management : the public works, the post office, the clergy reserves, the navi- gation laws, the normal and model schools of the country, agriculture and agricultural so- cieties, and exhibitions-all these have been in some way connected with his lordship's government, are the productions of his noble mind ; or we are indebted for their existence to the powerful party which Lord Elgin called into office to administer the affairs of the country. As to the rebellion losses bill, which unhappily caused such deep and bit- ter feeling to be displayed, we are confi- dent that at this present day the very men who were loudest in condemning him for the course he pursued, would, now that time has intervened, and they have been enabled calmly and dispassionately to survey the bearings of the case, be the very first to ap- plaud his resolution and determination in carrying out a measure which had been re- solved on by his ministry, and demanded by a large portion of the people of the country. This was the only time and the only meas- ure that caused Lord Elgin to be at variance with any part of the community. The result has proved that he was right. His policy was supported by the Imperial government and the Queen, and when he tendered his resignation in consequence of the riots and scenes which took place, and the public feel- ing exhibited against him, he was request- ed to remain and govern the country for a short time longer. He did remain, he obeyed the call of his country, and conformed to the Queen's command, and his remaining pro- duced the happiest results for the country's welfare and the people's good ; so much so, indeed, that on his departure the whole population of the province expressed a gen- eral regret that he could not remain always with us. Before he was long in Canada it was discovered that he was one of the ablest public speakers that we possessed, and it has been said that on many a blustering winter day could his manly form be seen address- ing a Canadian gathering. He was-his high-minded father-in-law, the Earl of Dur- ham, excepted-the greatest governor-gen- eral that has yet appeared in the pages of Canadian history. He died in 1863, of fatty degeneration of the heart, while mak- ing a tour through India, of which he had been appointed viceroy in 1861. Marchand, Felix Gabriel, M.P.P. for St. Johns, Province of Quebec, was born in St. Johns, on the 9th of January, 1832 ; and he is the youngest son of Gabriel Marchand and Mary McNider. With re- spect to the ancestors of this distinguished publicist, we may say that Jean Marchand, son of Jean Marchand, merchant of St. Sauveur, Diocese of Larochelle, France, emigrated to Quebec, about 1680, and was married there in 1682. Nicolas, his grandson, was killed by a cannon ball under the walls of Quebec, in 1759 ; Louis, son of Nicolas, was captain of a merchant ship on the high seas ; and his eldest son, Gabriel, the father of our subject, was educated at the Quebec seminary, and commenced his commercial career with the late Honourable Louis Massue, in the then famous whole- sale and importing establishment of John McNider, on Fabrique street, Quebec. He became manager of the establishment, and moved to St. Johns, P.Q., in 1802, found- ing there the first commercial house of im- portance, and carried on a large and profitable business with the surrounding country. He took part in the defence of 314 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Canada during the American war, as com- mander of the 2nd Kent battalion of Militia. He married, in 1810, Mary Mc- Nider, daughter of the late John McNider, above mentioned. He retired from business in 1816, to a country seat on the Richelieu river, below St. Johns, where he occupied himself during the remainder of his life in agricultural pursuits on a large scale. He repeatedly refused legislative honours, and specially on three different occasions the appointment as legislative councillor. He filled for a number of years the positions of magistrate, commissioner of the Chambly canal, commissioner per didimus potestatum, etc., which, on account of a disagreement with the governor-general, Lord Alymer, he resigned en bloc, together with his lieu- tenant-colonelcy, on the 1st July, 1831. During his long and active career he was the friend and benefactor of most of the business men in St. Johns. He took a pro- minent part in all the progressive move- ments in this section of the country ; and succeeded, with his two brothers and a few other settlers, by heavy personal donations and exertions, in erecting a church at St. Johns, and in organizing the now flourish- ing parish of that name. In 1837-38, he was in favour of a constitutional agitation for the settlement of our political griev- ances, communicated with Papineau on the subject, and, at his suggestion, called the famous meeting of St. Athanase, to express his views; but the agitation had got to such a degree of intensity, that his counsels of moderation remained unheeded, and the in- surrectional movement had to take its course. He died on the 10th March, 1852, at the age of seventy-two years. During his funeral, all the shops were closed, and business sus- pended in St. Johns, in token of respect for its oldest and most respected inhabitant. Felix Gabriel, our subject, received a class- ical education at St. Hyacinthe college, subsequently studied law, and, in 1854, was admitted as notary. He has since practised his profession in St. Johns, excepting dur- ing an interval of nineteen months (1878- 79), when he wras a member of the Provin- cial administration. He continued on the old homestead, following, like his father, agricultural pursuits, and was repeatedly elected president of the St. Johns Agri- cultural Society. He initiated, in 1863, with the late Hon. C. J. Laberge, the volunteer movement at St. Johns and vicinity. He was appointed lieutenant- colonel, commanding the 21st battalion, Richelieu Light Infantry, in 1866 ; was on active service during the different Fenian troubles-his corps, on account of its ad- vanced position, being generally sent to the frontier at the first alarm, and replaced in St. Johns by corps from the interior-com- manded the brigade, composed of the Prince of Wales regiment, Victoria Rifles, Royal Scotts, Hochelaga battalion, and 21st Riche- lieu Light Infantry, with a detachment of Montreal cavalry, which was sent to reinforce Lieutenant-Colonel Osborne Smith, during the night following the Fenian invasion at Eccles Hill, in 1870 ; and retired from active service in 1880, with the rank of lieutenant- colonel. He was elected a member of the Quebec Legislative Assembly for the County of St. Johns in September, 1867, and has been constantly re-elected to that position, which he still holds. He formed part of the Joly administration, as Provincial Secretary in 1878, and as Minister of Crown Lands in 1879. He has taken part in the establish- ment and promotion of many of the public enterprises in St. Johns and vicinity ; amongst others, the St. Johns Manufactur- ing Company, the St. Johns Woollen Fac- tory, the St. Johns Building Society, and La Banque de St. Jean. He established, with the Hon. C. J. Laberge, in I860, at St. Johns, the French Liberal organ of the district of Iberville, Le Franco Canadien, which is still in existence. He has continued in journalism since then, and contributed to most of the French Canadian Liberal or- gans. He was chief editor of the French Liberal daily, Le Temps, published in Mon- treal in 1883. He has contributed several poetical and dramatic works to the French Canadian literature, the most important being : Fatenville, comedy in prose ; Erreur n'est pas Compte, comedy in prose ; Un bon- heur en attire un autre, comedy in verse Les Faux Brilliants, comedy in verse ; Le Lauriat de V Universite, comic opera. These plays have been favourably received by the French reading public. Les Faux Bril- liants was lately honoured by a most flat- tering article in a Parisian review, La Benue du Monde Latin, of last August. M. Marchand was appointed a member of the Royal Society of Canada (section of French literature), and elected president of that section in May, 1884 ; and is also a member of L'Acadamie des Muses Santones, of Roy an, France. He received, in 1879, from the French government, the distinction and de- coration of Officer of Public Instruction. He has been a consistent Liberal since his early youth, has belonged to all the political organizations of that party for over thirty CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 315 years, and taken an active part in all its movements. He travelled in Europe during one season after leaving college, and devoted particular attention to the study of French literature, during a stay of two months in Paris. He is a Roman catholic, and mar- ried 12th September, 1854, Marie Herzelie Turgeon, daughter of the late Louis Tur- geon, of Terrebonne, a relative of the late Bishop Turgeon, of the diocese of Quebec, and a niece of the late Honourable Ovide Turgeon, Legislative Councillor of United Canada. Eleven children were born of this marriage, six of whom are living, one son, recently admitted to the bar, and five daughters. It is hardly necessary to offer comment upon any particular feature of our subject's career. His writings, both in prose and verse, are characterized by pure spirituality, sensitiveness to external beauty, and by very marked culture. As for his military career, it has been one of energy, and always revealed the prompt patriotism of the man. His services to the cause of reform have been numerous, and many of them have been weighty. Frost, John George, Belleville, was born on the 18th of August, 1846, at Birs- tal, Yorkshire, England. His parents were Isaac Frost and Anne Whitehead. His fa- ther was an extensive reader and a finished conversationalist, and was very sociable and entertaining in his manners ; and before his emigration to Canada was an active political worker. He had been always a staunch supporter of liberalism, and was for three years secretary of the Birstal Liberal League, during the Corn Laws agitation. The family came to Canada in 1849, and settled north of Belleville, near Canifton, on a small farm and market garden. Our subject was educated at the public school of Canifton, Hastings county, and at the Grammar School of Belleville, Ontario. When sixteen he left home, and began to learn the trade of cabinetmaking at Belle- ville, finishing at Toronto. He went to Cincinnati in 1865, thence through the Southern States, visiting Nashville, Tennes- see, Memphis, New Orleans, Charleston and other prominent places, and returned to Cin- cinnati in the spring of 1866. In the fall of the same year he took up his abode in Bowmanville till the year 1874, when he removed to Belleville, and began business for himself in that town as manufacturer of furniture, and successfully passed through the severe commercial depression of 1878-9. During the nine years he was engaged as a practical mechanic he was opposed to a resort to strikes as a means of settlement of disputes between capital and labour, holding that skill, efficiency and experience should be the basis of remuneration, a be- lief that he has consistently carried into1 practice since he himself became an em- ployer. During the agitation of the nine hour movement in western Ontario, in 1872, and whilst yet a working mechanic, he ably op- posed the movement as being impracticable under existing circumstances, and wrote several articles to the press upon the subject, which were extensively quoted at the time. He was elected in 1879, and continued to re- present Coleman ward of Belleville at the council board until the close of the session of 1883. There was a triangular contest for the mayoralty in 1884, and Mr. Frost, who was one of the contestants, was defeated ; and in 1885 he again sustained defeat by a very narrow majority, after a very energetic con- test. He was appointed chairman, in 1866, of the executive committee of the Mechanics'' League of Cincinnati, Ohio, an organization for the promotion of mechanical knowledge and art designs in furniture ; was made a Mason in 1871 ; a Royal Arch Mason in 1872, and passed successively through the official positions connected therewith. He is an active member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows and Encampment ; is trustee of the Oxford Lodge, Sons of England, Belleville ; and was president of the Young Men's Reform Association, Bowmanville, in 1869-70. He was chairman of the executive- committee of the Hastings Reform Associa- tion in 1881 and 1882 ; and chairman of the- Court of Revision, Belleville, in 1883. In connection with the latter office, the justice- and equity of his decisions were commend- ed by the press, and not denied even by unsuccessful appellants. Mr. Frost trav- elled through the manufacturing centres of the United States, as commissioner for the- Bowmanville Furniture Company, to ascer- tain and report upon the advantages of modern machinery facilities, and the advan- tages and system possessed by Americans for the manufacture of furniture. With re- spect to his religious convictions, he be- lieves in personal responsibility to God, and is opposed to the dogmas of man and the humanly created forms of religion. He married, in February, 1871, Maggie Mc- Sorley, second daughter of the late Andrew McSorley, of Bowmanville, Ontario. He has two daughters. Springer, Moses, Berlin, Sheriff of the County of Waterloo, Ontario, was born near the village of Doon, Waterloo county,. 316 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF on the 31st of August, 1824. His parents, Benjamin Springer and Mary Springer, were of U. E. loyalist stock. His great-great- grandfather was born in Amsterdam, Hol- land, and occupied the position of Episcopal clergyman, and he afterwards removed to Stockholm, Sweden, where he was created a bishop, and also a baron. The bishop had one son, named Charles Christopher, the great-grandfather of Moses Springer, whom he educated for the Episcopal ministry. The young man, however, was never ordained a priest, but simply acted as a lay reader. He came to America in 1665, and settled in the State of Deleware, locating himself where the City of Wilmington now stands. Here he built a church, the first of its kind in the neighbourhood, and which was known as the Swedish Episcopal church, and, strange to say, the building is still used for purposes of public worship. Sheriff Springer's grand- father was also educated for the ministry, and was settled at Poughkeepsie, New York state. At the beginning of the Revolution- ary war, this worthy man was shot down in his own yard, and died from the effects of his wounds. His grandmother emigrated, with the rest of the family, to Canada, about the close of the war, and settled in the neighbourhood of Hamilton. Our subject's father, Benjamin Springer, was educated by the late Colonel Beasley, who likewise brought him up to the general mercantile business. Three times, while carrying on ■business for himself, was this unfortunate man burnt out by the Indians, and his losses were so heavy that he was obliged to aban- don altogether this kind of business, and take to farming, and continued to farm un- til 1834, when he fell a victim to the cholera scourge, then prevalent in Upper Canada. He left a family of seven sons and four daughters. Sheriff Springer, under these circumstances, received very little schooling, for at thirteen years of age he had to begin to work for a living. Being of a studious turn of mind, he, with the assistance of an old school teacher, named William Col- lins, acquired considerable knowledge, and succeeded in procuring a third class certifi- cate, which enabled him to teach school. At this occupation he continued for about five years. He then studied surveying, and for about seven years he followed the profession of provincial land surveyor. Mr. Springer then took to a mercantile life, which he en- joyed for some years, and afterwards became a conveyancer, etc. He was a plodding and persevering man, and soon he acquired influ- >ence and wealth, for we find that, in 1857, he was elected the first reeve of the village of Waterloo, and held that position for about sixteen years, and when the village was in- corporated as a town, he was elected its first mayor, and held the office for two years, and then resigned. In 1867, he was selected by the Reformers to represent them in par- liament, and was elected to the Local Legis- lature for the North Riding of the County of Waterloo, and held this seat continuously for fourteen years, when he resigned, and was appointed to the office of sheriff of the County of Waterloo, and this position he now worthily fills. During his legislative career he rendered valuable and important services to his constituents, notably in con- nection with the settlement of the municipal loan fund scheme, and with the settlement of the Crown Lands dues, and in the former respect his services were so satisfactory to the town of Berlin, that the authorities of that town presented him with a valuable gold watch and chain. He assisted in or- ganizing the Waterloo Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company, and was its president for seven years. He has also been a mem- ber of the Waterloo school board for thirty years, and chairman for the last twenty-five years. With respect to Sheriff Springer's religious convictions, it may be said that he was brought up among the Mennonites, and lived among these people from his tenth to his twentieth year, but he now attends the German Evangelical church. He mar- ried, in 1845, Barbara Shantz, who died on the 13th October, 1884. The fruit of the union was twelve children, ten of whom survive, and are scattered over Canada and the United States. Altogether his career has been worthy, honourable, and successful. Rae, Dr. Francis, Oshawa, was born in Frederickton, N.B., on July 8th, 1833. His parents came from Scotland some time before that date, and settled in New Bruns- wick. When our subject was about three years old, his parents went to Uxbridge, and began farming, but only remained here a few years, when they removed to Stouff- ville, in the County of York, purchased a farm, and settled permanently. Mr. Rae was educated at the common school and the provincial Normal school, Toronto. At nineteen he commenced teaching in the public schools, and continued in this occu- pation for about ten years, and during the time, he studied medicine. He graduated in medicine at Toronto University in 1865, and for a short period afterwards studied his profession in New York. During the same year he returned to Oshawa, and com- CANADIA N BIO GRAPH Y. 317 menced practice, and has continued it ever since, and now he can look upon a large measure of success as the fruit of his exer- tions. He is surgeon to the 34th Battalion of Volunteers. He has been reeve and mayor of Oshawa for the last ten years, and for the last six years he has been elected by acclamation. He was examiner in medicine at the Toronto University for 1875 and 1876. He is a Freemason of Lebanon lodge, No. 139, and he is likewise an Oddfellow, of Corinthian lodge, No. 61, and of Ontario encampment, No. 11 ; a member of Grand Encampment and Grand Lodge, and Past Grand Patriarch, and since 1872 he has been one of the representatives from On- tario in the Sovereign Grand Lodge, He has been coroner for the County of Ontario since 1868, and one of the seven members of the Board of Health, and has likewise held other offices. Dr. Rae is a staunch and highly respected Presbyterian, and a very strong Reformer. He married in October, 1865, Elizabeth Jane, daughter of Andrew Currie, of Chatham. By this lady he has had six children, four of whom are still living. Dr. Rae is extremely genial in manners, and his frequent re-election as mayor is a token of the high esteem in which he is held by his townsmen. Socially, as well as publicly, he is a very great favourite, and can count many warm personal friends. Allan, Andrew, Montreal, brother of the late Sir Hugh Allan, was born at Salt- coats, Ayrshire, Scotland, Dec. 1, 1822. [Fide Sir Hugh Allan.] His father was a well-known shipmaster and trader between the Clyde and Montreal, and had command of passenger ships for a period of over thirty years. Andrew was the fourth son, and re- ceived his education in the old country, and when in his seventeenth year came to Canada. In 1846 he became a member of the import- ant and rapidly rising firm of which his brother, Sir Hugh, had been a partner. A biographical sketch of this brilliant and en- ergetic business man necessarily implies a history of the development of the magnifi- cent business in ocean traffic, with which the name of Allan must forever remain associ- ated in Canada. Over thirty years ago the Allan Brothers, perceiving the great num- ber of people who were constantly sailing from Great Britain and Ireland to America, conceived the idea of a line of ocean passen- ger boats, which would be the chief carrying medium for the great concourse of emi- grants. In 1853 they had fifteen sailing ships afloat, but to these they added two ron screw steamships, to ply between Liver- pool, Quebec and Montreal. At a little later period, stimulated by the success of the venture, two similar boats were added to their fleet. Before the period when the enterprise of the Allan Brothers began to assert itself, mails crossed the ocean very slowly ; but in 1857 the firm made arrange- ments to carry fortnightly mails between Liverpool and Quebec in summer, and be- tween Liverpool and Portland, Maine, in winter. At a later date the Canadian mail service was enlarged to a weekly line, and its steamers were as noble and as splendidly equipped as any ship that crossed the Atlan- tic. The fleet has continued to increase up to the present time (1885), when it is com- posed of the following list of magnificent ships :- Liverpool mail line : Numidian, (building), Parisian, Sardinian, Polynesian? Sarmatian, Circassian, Peruvian,; New- foundland fortnightly mail line :- Hiber- nian, Nova Scotian, Caspian, Nezvfound- land; Glasgow freight and passenger line :- Carthaginian, Siberian, B tenos Ayr can, Nor- wegian, Grecian ; London freight and pas- senger line : Corean, Scandinavian, Nestor- ian, Lucerne. A fortnightly service between Glasgow and Boston, and another between Glasgow and Philadelphia is also maintained by the following ships :-Prussian, Mani- toban, Canadian, Phoenician, Waldensian, Austrian, and Acadian. Some fourteen sail- ing ships belong to the fleet, making a gross tonnage of over 200,000 tons. The Allan- Brothers were the first to adopt the spar or flush deck op their steamers ; and in making this costly revolution they not only failed to find the co-operation of the London Board of Trade, but had the hostility of that body,, by its refusal to allow them any concession in the way of measurement for harbour dues, etc. In addition to his very prominent con- nection with his own firm, Andrew Allan holds several important business trusts in Montreal, and some of these we may men- tion. He is president of the Merchants Bank, the Montreal Telegraph Company, the Manitoba and N. W. Railway Company, the Canadian Rubber Company, the Wind- sor Hotel Company, and the Montreal Lum- ber Company ; and besides he is on the directorate of numerous other manufactur- ing, mining, and business companies. He is likewise one of the Harbour Commissioners- of Montreal. Mr. Allan married, in 1846, a daughter of the late John Smith, of Mon- treal, and has eight children. He is a man of vast energy of character, clear and wise insight, and a wide spirit of enterprise term pered with just prudence. 318 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Macpherson, Lt.-Colonel John, Director of Dominion Government Militia Stores, and Keeper of Militia Properties, Ottawa, was born in Lancaster, Glengarry, Ontario, on the 8th of January, 1830. Hav- ing completed his education, he entered mer- cantile life in Montreal, and continued to carry on business for several years in that city. This kind of business was not con- genial to him, and having what seemed an all-absorbing yearning for military life, he abandoned mercantile pursuits, and joined the Canadian militia, and with heart and soul he entered on his new duty. In 1849 the first substantial recognition of his zeal and efficiency in a cause which at this time needed clear heads and strong hands, came to him, namely a commission in the 3rd battalion of the Montreal Militia. After a little it came into his mind that a first-rate company, chosen from among Highlanders, might be established in the Province of Que- bec, and in 1856 he carried out his scheme and was appointed captain of the company. The militia authorities move with a pace fully as slow as those in any other depart- ment of the service, yet in his case they be- stirred themselves, and promoted Captain Macpherson to the rank of major. In 1861 he obtained another step, being gazetted brigade major to the active force of Mon- treal. The following year he was appointed brigade major of Military District No. 11 ; but so far he had smelt no powder, and para- ded only upon mimic fields. In 1865 he be- came a lieutenant-colonel of militia, and the following year, during the Fenian troubles, served with the staff of Major-General Lind- say at Montreal. In the same year he was appointed deputy-assistant adjutant-general of Militia, and given the command of one of the military districts in Lower Canada. In 1869 he acted as deputy adjutant-general commanding Military District No. 3, in On- tario ; and the following year he was appoint- ed acting superintendent of Military Schools in the Dominion. This position he retained until the threatened Fenian raids in April, when he was again appointed on the staff of Lieutenant-General Lindsay, as assistant adjutant-general. On this occasion he as- sumed command of the active militia bri- gades concentrated in Montreal, and accom- panied the staff of His Royal Highness Prince Arthur to the scenes of action on the Missisquoi and Huntingdon frontiers. When his services here had terminated he joined the staff at headquarters, and acted for a period as deputy of the Minister of Militia and Defence, and as accountant in the department. In 1880 he was appointed by Sir John A. Macdonald's administration to his present position of director of Militia stores and keeper of Militia properties. Al- together Lieut.-Colonel Macpherson's career has been one of unusual activity, and his force of character such that it would be impossible to be unconscious of it. In a wider military field, where graver issues come under consideration, we may be very sure that Lieutenant-Colonel Macpherson would have made a name that the recorder of able exploits in the military world would have felt pleasure in putting in his pages. Frechette, Louis, LL.D., (Queen's and McGill,) officier d'Acade'mie Laureate of the Institute of France, Nicolet, Que- bec, was born at Levis, in the Province of Quebec, on the 16th of November, 1839. He is a son of the late Louis Frechette, contractor, and Marguerite Martineau de I'Ormi&re. His paternal ancestors belonged to the Isle de Rhe, France, and emigrated at the early settlement of the colony. The future poet Laureate of the French Cana- dian people received his literary education at Nicolet College. Having completed his course here, and at the Laval Univeraity in Que- bec, he entered upon the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. From 1865 to 1871 he resided in Chicago, and was foreign correspondent in the land depart- ment Illinois Central Railway. In 1871, he returned to Canada and took up his resi- dence in Quebec. He now felt considerable aspiration for public life, and in the last- named year ran in the County of Levis for the Provincial parliament, but was defeated by Speaker Blanchet. In 1879, he ran in the same county for the Dominion parlia- liament, and was defeated again by a very small majority. In 1874, however, he was successful in his exertions, being returned for Levis to the Federal parliament; and he suffered defeat at the hands of his former op- ponent, M. Blanchet for the succeeding par- liament. Mr. Frechette is a member of the Royal Society, and was lately president of the French section. He was married, in 1876, to Emma, second daughter of J. B. Beaudry, banker, of Montreal, and has three chil- dren. He took up his residence in Mont- real in 1878, and resided there until last summer ; he now lives in Nicolet, where he follows literary pursuits exclusively. M. Frechette edited Le Journal de Quebec, 1861 and 1862 ; Le Journal de Levis, 1864 and 1865; L'Amerique, (Chicago,) 1868-1870; La Patrie, (Montreal,) 1884 and 1885; he contributed actively to L' Opinion Publtque, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 319 (Montreal,) and wrote occasionally for seve- ral other periodicals. The list of M. Fre- chette's publications are as follows : " Mes Loisirs," (vol. of poems,) 1863 ; " La Voix d'un Exile," (a poem,) 1869; " Pele Mele," (vol. of poems,) 1876; "Les Fleurs Boie- ales," and " Les Oiseaux de Neige." These last two volumes of poems were crowned by the French Academy of Paris in 1880. The author was granted the 1st Monty on prize unanimously. He has published as dramas and comedies :-" Felix Poutrd," (a drama,) 1862 ; " Les Notables du Village," (a come- dy,) 1862; "Papineau," (a drama,) 1880; " The Thunderbolt," (a drama,) 1882, and "Un Dimanche Matin a 1'Hotel du Can- ada," (a comedy.) His prose works include, " Lettres a Basile," (1872,) and " Petite Histoire des Rois de France," under the nom de plume of Cyprien. He has translated into French " A Chance Acquaintance," by W. D. Howells, and ' ' Old Creole Days," by George W. Cable. Two new volumes of poems, from the same pen, are nearly com- plete, namely : " Les Oublies," and " Voix d'Outre-mer." M. Frechette's work is known so well, and received with such marks of favour, that it is hardly necessary here to enter upon an estimate of it. To be brief, however, and to be just, it may be said to have a flavour all its own. The singing comes straight from the heart of the man, for no chord is struck that is not a right chord. He has a soaring and active im- agination ; he has the seeing eye and the truly interpretive insight into the subject of which he sings. He is likewise master here of that proud patience which enables the artist to linger over his line till it is perfect; to struggle with stubborn language till the thought stands out like a shadow cast in the shining pool. We have not the opportunity here to present considerable quantities of the verse of M. Frechette, as we should like to do. Professor Roberts, our English poet, has made a translation of M. Frechette's poem "La Liberte"; and we give two stanzas to show the method of our gifted and crowned French brother : ' A child, I have set the thirsting of my mouth To the broad chalices of Loves that craze; Surely, alas ! I have found herein but drouth ; Surely has sadness darkened o'er my days. While worldlings chase each other madly round The gay track of frivolous gayety, Dreamer, my dream earth's utmost longings bound,- One love alone is mine, my love is Liberty." We likewise take the following translation by J. D. Edgar, M.P., of verses which ap- peared from the Laureate's pen in " Pele- Mele" : " The forest has spells to enchant me, The mountain has power to enthral; Yet the grace of a wayside blossom Can stir my heart dearer than all. " 0 towering steeps, that are mirrored On Saguenay's darkening breast! O grim, rocky heights, sternly frowning, The thunders have smitten your crest! " 0 sentinels, piercing the cloudland, Stand forth in stupendous array ! My brow, by your shadows enshrouded, Is humbled before you to-day. But peaks that are gilded by heaven, Defiant you stand in your pride From glories too distant above me, I turn to the friend by my side." We might give many instances of the spon- taneousness, the freedom, the wealth of fancy, and richness of music which character- ize this poet, but as we have said, it is impos- sible to do so in these narrow limits. Lovers of the higher literature in Canada will be glad to learn that M. Frechette promises us a pair of volumes soon ; and that he has consecrated his days henceforth to literary work. Let lower natures scuffle in the dark and miry political places. Hall, William, Aiderman, Toronto, is a native of England, having been born in Manchester, on the 20th of April, 1833. His parents were William Hall and Ann Whitehead, and this couple had a family of nine children, the subject of our sketch being the fourth son. Mr. Hall, senior, farmed in the neighbourhood of Manchester' and having retired on a competency, lived a retired life for some years, and died in 1879. Young William was educated in the parish school, and having acquired a fair education, at the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to the trade of carpenter and joiner. Having faithfully served his ap- prenticeship, he began business for himself as contractor and builder in Manchester, and succeeded very well. At the time of the Crimean war he was appointed general fore- man of builders in the army works corps, under Sir Joseph Paxton, and was located at Balaclava until peace was proclaimed, when the corps returned to London, and were disbanded. Upon leaving the army he returned to Manchester, where he re- mained for a short time ; and in 1857 came to Canada, settling in Hamilton, in which city he was appointed clerk of the works or supervisor, in the employ of the Great West- ern Railroad Company. He remained in 320 A CYCLOPEDIA OF that position until the date of the Desjardins canal accident, when he was appointed bridge inspector. Having seen that all the structures of this class were in a proper state of repair, he secured the contract for building the Hamilton elevator, and after- wards erected for the company an elevator and other works at Sarnia. After being for a time a builder and contractor, he con- ceived the idea, in 1872, of building a mill and cutting oak lumber for the English market, and with this object in view he left Toronto and proceeded to Waubaushene. on the Georgian Bay, and erected a mill. A village soon sprang up in the neighbor- hood of the mills, and it became a thriving place. In 1882 Mr. Hall sold out his property here to A. P. Dodge & Co., and removed to Toronto. Here he entered into an agreement with Mr. Cumberland to put on a line of barges in connection with their Northern Railway, for the purpose of carry- ing lumber between Toronto and Oswego, and Mr. Hall has been engaged in this busi- ness ever since. Among shipowners and shippers he is well known as " Captain Hall," owing to his connection with vessel property. In 1883 Mr. Hall was duly elect- ed aiderman for St. Andrew's ward in the City Council of Toronto, defeating his op- ponent, Aiderman Defoe. In the following year, 1884, he refused to stand ; but in the year 1885, at the solicitation of his many friends, he consented to stand for his old ward, and was elected, defeating Aiderman Farley. In the present council he is a member of the water works, board of works and harbour board committees. He belongs to the Freemasons. Mr. Hall has travelled extensively through Canada, the United States, and has about a dozen times crossed the Atlantic, visiting all points of interest in Great Britain and Ireland, and combin- ing business with pleasure. In religion he belongs to the Church of England, and in politics is a Conservative ; but is hostile to bringing general politics into municipal affairs. He married, in 1857, Elizabeth Bentley, of Manchester, England, who died on the 29th of May, 1881, leaving four sons and two daughters. In 1883 he again mar- ried, Mary Mathews, of Toronto. Mr. Hall is genial in manners, and has numbers of friends. Sanders, Edward Howard, Port Hope, Ontario, was born at Bridge House, Christ Church, County of Hants, England, on the 28th March, 1832. His father was the late Major Sanders, K.F. and K.G.S., of The Hall, Thirsk, Yorkshire, England, formerly in the Royal Spanish army ; and also the re- presentative of the Sanderses of Sanderstead and East Grinstead, in the counties of Surrey and Sussex, in direct descent from Sir Roger de Sanderstead. He married first Alicia, second daughter of Henry Gaitskell, of the Paragon, Southwark, County of Surrey ; and second, in 1854, Jane, sister and co- heiress of the late John Bell, M.P. for Thirsk, Yorkshire. Our subject was edu- cated by private tutors in England, until his fourteenth year, then at schools in Belgium and Germany. He was subsequently sent to a military school for cadets in Austria, and entered the Imperial Austrian army in 1849, having obtained a cadetship in the 6th Regiment of Dragoons (Count Ficquel- mont), and served in this regiment for six years in Hungary,Transylvania,and Gallicia. He was promoted first lieutenant in 1854, but resigned in August, 1855, having ac- cepted a commission in Her Majesty's ser- vice with the view of serving his own coun- try in the field during the Crimean war. He was next appointed adjutant of the 2nd Hussars, B. G.L., commanded by the late Lord Elphinstone, and served in this corps until disbanded in 1857. He proceeded to British Columbia in 1859, and was appointed stipendiary magistrate and gold commis- sioner for the Yale District in April of that year, and also a member of the Legislative Council. In 1862, he was appointed judge of County Courts, and retired on a pension in 1880. He is a member of the Church of England. He married first, on the 8th December, 1862, at Fort Hope, in British Columbia, Annie, eldest daughter of the late Wiiliam Moresby, barrister-at-law, and brother of the late Sir Fairfax Moresby, admiral of the fleet; secondly at Clinton, British Columbia, on the 27th August, 1879,. Essie, Cranstone, second daughter of John Coulter, of Dundalk, Ireland. McCord, A. T., the subject of this sketch, was born in Toronto, on the 14th of April, 1848. His father was Andrew Tay- lor McCord, and he was the first city trea- surer of Toronto, which position he held with much acceptance for forty years. Our subject received his education at Upper Canada College and the Toronto Grammar School, and while pursuing his studies gave evidence of the sturdy intellectual qualities, whicfy in later life distinguished him in all his undertakings. Having left school, Mr. McCord proceeded to New York, where for a time he engaged in the commission busi- ness. After this he returned to Toronto, and established himself in a general whole- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 321 sale grocery. This, however, was not con- genial to his tastes, and some time after- wards he became a clerk in the Bank of Commerce. Here he did not remain long, but again established a business for himself. Too close application to duties began to undermine his health, and he was obliged to go abroad for recuperation. He travelled through Europe, where rest and change of scene had the desired effect, but before he returned to Toronto he visited the West India Islands. He now entered into the stock-broking and insurance business. For both of these he revealed much aptitude, and it soon became known that his business was broadly and firmly established. At the pre- sent time he is manager for the Dominion of Canada of that popular and widely-trusted institution, the London Guarantee Company. Among the public projects in which Mr. Mc- Cord has interested himself the military may be mentioned. Some years ago he was a member of No. 4 Company of the Queen's O wn. In politics Mr. McCord is a staunch Liberal-Conservative. He is a sturdy advo- cate of the national policy, and when that measure was before the people for their ver- dict, he was one of those who upon many hustings pointed out the advantages which the country had reaped from the adoption of such a policy. Mr. McCord is large- hearted, and has much public spirit, and is an active member of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society. In religion he is a highly respected member of the Baptist de- nomination. In business capacity, it need not be repeated, he is quick and fortunate, and his judgment is excellent. Ferguson, John, M.D., Niagara Falls, M. P. for Welland, was born in the County of Middlesex, Ontario, in the year 1839. He is descended from an Irish family of Scotch extraction, whose estates lay in Galway and Ayrshire. In 1660, James Ferguson, a younger son of the family, became possessed of large property in the County of Cavan, Ireland, in which place he settled. His son Thomas, and grandson Richard, entered the army, the latter taking part in the troubles of 1743, as an officer of the King's Black Horse (now the 7th Dragoon Guards), under the Duke of Cumberland. His grandfather, Henry Ferguson, held a commission in the Cavan militia, and took an active part in the Irish rebellion of 1798. This gentleman came to Canada in 1824, and settled in Lon- don township. The father of our subject was John Ferguson, of Middlesex, who was a justice of the peace in that county. Young Ferguson received his education at the London Grammar School, and afterwards entered the medical department of Victoria College, Toronto, and was also a private student under the late Dr. Rolph. In 1864 he graduated M.D. from Victoria College, and then left for the city of New York, and entered Bellevue Hospital, under Austin Flint, M.D., and attended the hospital for wounded soldiers at Blackwell's Island. On his return to Canada he began practising his profession, but after four years practice he abandoned it and began contracting for public works. He built a portion of the New York and Oswego Midland Railway, and the Galt and Berlin Railway. He built, likewise, (from 1873 to 1877) six miles of the Welland canal enlargement, and, in company with Robert Mitchell, constructed the larger portion of the Tor- onto water works. He was personally in charge of these operations, and also of the St. Catharines water works. In company with H. C. Symms, he built and estab- lished the first wood pulp mill at Sher- brooke, in the province of Quebec. Dr. Fer- guson has taken an active part in political contests, as a Conservative, appearing in the fight in nearly every election since 1867. In that year he assisted for seven months on the public platform A. P. Macdonald, who was elected in West Middlesex ; John H. Mun- roe, who was elected in West Elgin ; also in Bothwell and in North Middlesex. In 1871 he took an active part in the South Waterloo election, in the interest of Abraham Erb, who was the candidate of the Sandfield Mac- donald ministry. During 1873, he went through South Waterloo, delivering a num- ber of vigorous, powerful and brilliant speeches in behalf of Mr. Phin and the Conservative cause ; and he took a similar course through North Wentworth, Waterloo and West Middlesex, Mr. McKechnie profit- ing by his effective addresses. In 1882 he appeared on his own behalf before the elec- tors of Welland, and received the reward of his ability, his integrity, and zeal, in being chosen for parliament. He has since sat in the House of Commons ; and he was very speedily looked upon as one of the clear headed and solid members of that body. He is vigorous, ready and practical, and his judgment upon public questions is certain to be careful and to be sound. In 1879 and 1880 he travelled with his family exten- sively through Ireland, England, Scotland, France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. He married, in 1869, Miss Robinson, only daugh- ter of the late William Robinson, who was then mayor of the town of Galt, and who 322 A CYCLOPEDIA OF contested the South Riding of Waterloo in the Conservative interest against J as. Cowen, in 1863 ; and in that reform constituency came within sixty-three votes of being elect- ed. The fruit of the union is four children, three daughters and one son. The two eld- est daughters died in 1874. The son is at- tending Upper Canada College, and is in his fourteenth year. In 1881, Dr. Ferguson purchased a large fruit farm on the banks of the Niagara river, and upon this farm is the celebrated Whirlpool RapidsPark. We may add, in conclusion, that Dr. Ferguson is not a parliamentary gladiator ; but whenever the occasion demands he is ready, and gives his views with promptness, with point, and with effect. Jones, John, Alderman, Toronto, was born in Glamorganshire, Wales, in the year 1843. His parents, George Jones and Jane Clifford, were born in England. George Jones was a contractor, and was one of the men who laid the rails for the railroad be- tween Kensington and London, the first rail- road built in the world, and known as the Quaker's line. It may also be mentioned that Mr. Jones' father was foreman of the coal mines at which the celebrated engineer, George Stephenson, worked as engineer. Mr. Jones came to this country in 1850, and land- ed in Toronto on May 1st, of the same year. On getting settled he took up the business of contractor and farmer, in which joint occu- pations he remained until his death in 1866. He left two children. In 1875 his wife follow- ed him, both being buried together in the Don Mills cemetery. We might mention here that Mr. Jones was the contractor for the removal of the timber from the farm of old Sam Legge, one of the first pioneers of York, and on which site Mount Pleasant cemetery now stands. John Jones, the sub- ject of our sketch, was educated in Toronto, and received a common school education. After leaving school in 1858, he went upon a farm, and remained there for about five years. He then went as a sailor upon the upper and lower lakes of Canada, and held the position of second mate. Upon the death of his father, in 1866, he gave up the life of a sailor, and commenced the business of market gardening in Toronto. At this busi- ness he remained for seven years. He then began brickmaking on his present site, St. Lawrence ward, Toronto, and has continued in this business ever since, each year with increasing success. He belonged to the 10th Royals, now the Royal Grenadiers, and was in this corps for three years. In 1884 he was elected aiderman for St. Matthew's ward, Toronto, out of nine candi- didates, with a majority of eighty-nine; and was re-elected in January, 1885, over five candidates, by a majority of 185 votes. At the present time he is on the board of works, market, health, court house and medical health committee of the city council. At the time of the visit of the British Associa- tion to this country, Mr. Jones, with other aidermen, accompanied them on a trip through the upper lakes as far as Port Colborne. Mr. Jones belongs to the Epis- copal church, and is a warden in the Leslieville church. In politics he is Conser- vative. He belongs to the Orange order, and w'as master of the Leslieville lodge, No. 215, for seven years. In 1878he joined the Freemasons, in the Oriental lodge, and was master of this lodge for three years. He is also a charter member of Crystal lodge of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and held the office of recorder for two years. He belongs likewise to the Black Knights of Ireland, an advanced Orange order ; also to the Sons of England ; and has been a member of the Oddfellows and Foresters. He was married, in 1866, to Mary Ann Hunter, a daughter of Wil- liam Hunter, of Toronto, and one of the earliest pioneers. By this marriage he has had twelve children, of whom eight are living. -Mr. Jones is gentlemanly and cor- dial in his manners, and one to whom the majority of people would be drawn. Mr. Jones was presented by the members of Orient Lodge, A.F. and A.M., G.R.C., No. 39, with a gold past master's jewel, valued at $85.00, a silver tea set worth $95.00, and a French clock, worth $75.00, in recognition of services rendered the order, he having, while master of the lodge, initiated no less than sixty-three members. Cartwright, Hon. Sir Richard William, K.C.M.G., late Finance Minis- ter of Canada, Kingston, was born at Kings- ton, Upper Canada, on the 4th of December, 1835, and is consequently now in his fiftieth year. He is a son of the late Rev. R. D. Cart- wright, who was at one time chaplain of the forces at Kingston. Young Richard received his early educational training at Kingston, and was afterwards sent to Trinity College, Dublin. After his return from Dublin, he entered for a time upon a study of the law, but his inclinations led him into banking life. In due time we find him occupying the position of director, and subsequently of president of the Commercial Bank of Canada. He was likewise a director of the Canada Life Assurance Company. From CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 323 an early age he seemed to have a strong liking for the study of financial questions ; and before he entered public life at all he was regarded as an authority on such mat- ters. Although himself and his party have not been fortunate, for the stars sometimes fight against the ablest of men, Mr. Cart- wright was, while finance minister, and is now regarded as one of the greatest authori- ties upon monetary and commercial ques- tions in Canada, perhaps, indeed, he is the greatest. Sir Leonard Tilley has been the more successful man of the two, but is it fair to measure ability by success ? We can't get this question settled in Canada, however, and shall not cross the line with it. In August, 1859, Mr. Cartwright married Frances Alexander, eldest daughter of Col- onel Alexander Lowe, of Cheltenham, Eng- land. By this worthy lady he has a large and promising family. All Mr. Cartwright's surroundings and associations belonged to the Conservative class. His relatives had taken a prominent place in the public life of the country, and one of them was one of the most inexorable tories in the land. With only conservative traditions before him, naturally enough Richard entered public life a tory, and as the reformers would put it, one "dyed in the wool." In 1863 he was elected a member of the Legislative Assembly for the united counties of Lennox and Addington. He sat as an independent Conservative, giving a steady support, how- ever, to Sir John A. Macdonald. After confederation Mr. Cartwright was elected for the County of Lennox. In 1870 the ru- mours of his disaffection were confirmed by the announcement from his own lips, that while he had no intention to give factious opposition to the government, his support could no longer be relied upon. At the general election of 1872 he defeated the Hon. J. Stevensm by a large majority. Upon the fall of the Conservative govern- ment in 1873, Mr. Cartwright accepted the portfolio of Finance and entered the privy council. But he came into office upon evil times. The wheel of fortune had begun to turn the wrong way. He found it necessary, therefore, to readjust the tariff in order to save sufficient income to square with the necessary expenditure. His opponents, as in duty bound, set up a howl at him because he raised the tariff from fifteen to seventeen and a half per cent. ; they were the same men, by the way, who subsequently raised the tariff themselves to nearly thirty per cent. It was the case, however, and was so stated by Sir Riehard himself in a speech at Montreal, that he had intended to put on more taxes in 187G ; but that he was over- ruled by his colleagues and their supporters. In 1878, the Reformers went out of office, and Mr. Cartwright with them. On the 24th of May he was created a knight of the Order of St. Michael and St. George by the Marquis of Lorne, at an investiture held in Montreal. It may here be added that noth- ing in Sir Richard's life is more worthy of note than a speech delivered by him during the summer of 1884, at the Grand Opera House, Toronto. It need not be said that hitherto a discussion of Canadian independ- ence had been held to be beyond legitimate bounds, and any one who raised the ques- tion was pretty sure to be regarded as a veiled traitor. But Sir Richard, in taking stock of the outlook for the future, declared that the question of independence was a legitimate one for discussion, without com- mitting himseif to its advocacy. His speech was applauded rapturously. The Reform press, as a rule, followed, either with reti- cence or weak approval, and a few flew into a passion. Some of the Conservative papers again cried out treason, but no dead came out of their graves. It is not overstepping the bounds to say that Sir Richard Cart- wright is more popular at this moment in his party than he has ever been, but tllis statement does not imply that he ever lacked the well-wishes or the admiration of his colleagues or of the Liberal party. But he seems to be constantly attaining a greater intellectual growth ; and his speeches in the House of Commons from year to year grow more powerful. He is gifted with a faculty for very clear and very close reason- ing ; his speeches give evidence of careful research, and they are always pleasing be- cause of their literary style. But it is in polished invective and sharp sarcasm that Sir Richard is most effective ; and when his mood is a bitter one his opponents squirm at their desks as if in bodily pain. Politi- cians and their organs may abuse opponents as they will, but this much can justly be said of Sir Richard Cartwright by any one : he is a man of the highest possible personal character ; is devoted to his country; and zealous in his efforts to serve her. Besides these merits he is a gentleman upon whose official or political escutcheon no shadow of evil-doing rests. Wright John, London, Ontario, was born at Upwell, Cambridgeshire, England, 1831. He received his education in his native town ; and when he reached man's estate, in 1854, resolved to seek his fortune 324 A CYCLOPAEDIA On in Canada. Having arrived in this country, he cast his eyes about him, and though there was opportunity in many directions for a young man of less energy and ability than himself, he resolved to try his fortnne at farming. So he settled in the County of Oxford, Ontario, where he farmed for a number of years. He was not long engaged in this occupation, when he came to the wise conclusion that cattle-raising, com- bined with crop-growing, was a profitable business, and we next find Mr. Wright en- gaged successfully in raising thoroughbred Durham cattle and Leicester sheep. Tiring of farm life, he visited England, and re- mained in that country for about two years, when he again returned to Canada, and took up his abode in London, where he has ever since resided. In 1874, he began business as a stock-broker, and being a careful, con- scientious man, he has avoided the rocks on which many in the same line of business have been shipwrecked, namely, "specula- tions" and "marginal operations." Mr. Wright, though he was appointed, in 1870, lieutenant in company eleven of the West Riding of Middlesex Division Militia, has no great inclination for military life; yet like many other loyal subjects he is always ready in case of need to defend his adopted country against its foes. Mr. Wright is always found foremost in all benevolent and humanitarian movements ; and when the handsome infirmary attached to the Pro- testant Orphans' Home, in London, was being built, he acted as secretary-treasurer for the builders. He is now a member of the advisory board of the Orphans' Home, and has also a place on the board of several other benevolent institutions. Some years ago he was elected a life member of the St. George's Society. Mr. Wright is an ad- herent of the Episcopal church, and in poli- tics he is a Liberal Conservative. Bryce,William, Wholesale Bookseller and Stationer, London, Ontario, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 15th February, 1846, and with the members of his family emigrated to Canada, in May, 1854. After a residence in Toronto and vicinity for about two years, the subject of this notice removed to London, and has been a resident of the Forest City ever since. Mr. Bryce received a public school education, and at the age of fourteen had reached the fifth form -an uncommon achievement at that time. A year later he entered the employment of Robert Reid, (now Collector of Customs) with whom he remained eight years. In 1868, Mr. Reid assisted him to branch out for himself, and from the then small begin- ning, he has steadily increased his business opportunities, until at the present time the name of Bryce is known in every village, town and city in Ontario, where a book or fancy store is located. Mr. Bryce employs a large staff constantly, uses his capital in his business only, and avoids in every way speculations of an ulterior character. He attends closely and strictly to his business, and is known as one of the most diligent and energetic merchants in London. In pol- itics he is a Reformer, but avoids mixing business and party questions in any way. A Methodist in religion, he is as liberal in this as in politics, and allows an opponent equal latitude of thought in both as he claims for himself. Mr. Bryce was married on the 3rd of October, 1871, to Jane Davidson Johnson, eldest daughter of John Johnson, Apple Hill Farm, township of Westminster. In the stirring times of 1865-6, our subject was an active volunteer-a member of the 7th batallion of London Light Infantry-and saw service at the front with his company. He also attended several camps of exercise, and did duty at Thorold, Goderich, and other places. On more than one occasion a commission was offered to him, but he re- spectfully declined the honour, preferring to serve with the companions of years,by whom he was ever regarded in the highest esteem. Mr. Bryce is a member of Forest City lodge, No. 38, Independent Order of Oddfellows, and also of Adelphian encampment of the same order. He has been for two years past a member of the executive committee of the Booksellers' Union of Ontario, and along with other leading members of the trade, was instrumental in its institution. He visits the leading British and continen- tal centres of commerce yearly, and is the largest importer in his line of goods in western Ontario. He is comparatively young and vigorous, and bids fair to live to a good old age. Vanliorn, John F., Picton, Ontario, was born on September 18th, 1842, in the County of Prince Edward, Ontario. His paternal grandfather emigrated from Dutch- ess county, New York, in 1786, and settled in Canada. Our subject received his educa- tion in Prince Edward county, and then turned his attention to industrial pursuits. He likewise had an inclination for munici- pal politics, and was town councillor in his native town for the years 1878, 1879 and 1880. In the last named year, he establish- ed a large soap business ; and as the result of careful and practical experiment, produe- CANADIAN BIOGBAPHY. 325 ed a self washing soap, i. e., a compound that would wash clothes without rubbing, and not injure the finest and most delicate fabric. This soap now has a world-wide re- pute ; and it was the first soap of the kind made in Ontario. The article is known as Vanhorn's electric soap. Mr. Vanhorn is a past grand in the I.O.O.F., and also a representative to the Grand lodge. He visi- ted the Pacific coast in 1864, where he was for one year manager of a large lumber yard. He then established a fruit and cigar busi- ness, and he likewise tried his fortune at glove-making, but owing to ill health, he re- turned to Canada after a residence of three and a half years on the other side of the new world. He likewise visited Honduras and the West India Islands. Mr. Vanhorn married in 1869, Magdalen Hadden. Three years later he established a grocery business in Picton, and continued in it for eight years; and in 1880, as elsewhere stated, he embarked in the manufacture of electric evasive self wash- ing soap. Through life progress has always been characteristic of his enterprises; but his most important undertaking is his late one. Mr. Vanhorn is courageous and far- seeing in his undertakings, and shows him- self to be possessed of very excellent busi- ness abilities. Maclean, Rev. Mathew Wither- spoon, M.A., Minister of St. Andrew's church, Belleville, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 11th June, 1842. His par- ents were Malcolm Maclean and Catherine Macpherson. Mathew Witherspoon Maclean completed his education at the University of Glasgow, in 1862. While a divinity student, he visited Canada, and was then prevailed upon to make this country the field of his future labours. He entered the Divinity Hall of Queen's College, Kingston, where he studied for two years; and then took a ses- sion at Princeton Theological Seminary, New Jersey, U. S., where he graduated in 1866. Shortly afterwards he returned to Canada, and was licensed by the presbytery of Nia- gara, in connection with the Church of Scot- land, on the 13th June, 1866. In August •of the same year he was ordained and in- ducted to the pastorate of St. Andrew's church, Paisley, in the County of Bruce, by the presbytery of Guelph, in connection with the Church of Scotland. Here he found abun- dant scope for his zeal and energy. " The country," says the 'Scot in British North America,' "was newly settled, and the spiri- tual wants of the people had been but in- efficiently and irregularly supplied." We further learn that Mr. Maclean was the only pastor belonging to his denomination within forty miles. His work extended over the large area of five townships, and in addition to daily pastoral visits, he travelled, every Sabbath from twenty to forty miles, preach- ing three times a day. His church increas- ed so rapidly that it became necessary to provide additional accommodation for what had previously been a sparse and dwindling congregation. Three mission stations were organized at different points in the neigh- bourhood. In 1871, he accepted a call to the pastorate of the Mill Street Presbyterian church at Port Hope, where he remained for two years. On November 12th, 1873, he became pastor of St. Andrew's, Belleville, the oldest Presbyterian church in the city. Mr. Maclean was clerk of the presbytery of Kingston, in connection with the Church of Scotland, from the date of his settlement at Belleville up to the time of the union of the Presbyterian churches of the Dominion. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of Queen's University, Kingston; is president of the Belleville Mechanics' Institute and Library Association, of which he was a pro- minent orginator and promoter; is a trustee of the Belleville High School; is convener of the Home Mission Committee of the presby- tery of Kingston, having charge of an ex- tensive mission field, and is chaplain of several local organizations. Mr. Maclean has been a somewhat extensive traveller: he has visited the West Indies, the Western States, Europe and Manitoba. On the 29th of September, 1869, he married Isabella Elizabeth, eldest daughter of George David- son, of the firm of Davidson & Doran, Kings- ton foundry, an ex-mayor of that city, and one of the oldest members of the Board of Trustees of Queen's University. Morrice, David, Montreal, was born in Perth, Scotland, and is descended from Scottish ancestors on his father and mother's side as far back as they can be traced. He enjoyed the advantages of care- ful Christian training in his home, and re- ceived a thorough secular education in the High School of his native place, where he first entered business. He afterwards went to Ireland, spending some time in Dublin, and Cork, and thence to England, residing chiefly in London, Liverpool and Man- chester. At an early age he thus gained a very complete knowledge and wide experi- ence of mercantile affairs, which he has since turned to such good account in the country of his adoption. When about twenty-three years old his mind was at- tracted to the new world, where so many of 326 A CYCLOPEDIA OF his fellow-countrymen have accumulated wealth and achieved distinction. He selected Canada as the field of his enterprise, and arrived in Montreal in 1855. Here he re- mained for a short time, and afterwards took up his residence in Toronto, where, for several years, he acted as buyer for a large wholesale establishment. During his stay in the western capital, and ever since, he has been pre-eminently distinguished for Christian liberality and activity. In Toronto he was for some time an earnest and successful Sunday-school teacher in Knox church. Afterwards he became a leading spirit in a small group of zealous Christian workers who gathered around the late Rev. Dr. John Taylor in founding Gould street United Presbyterian Church, now St. James' square Church. In addi- tion to the pastorate of this little flock, Dr. Taylor was sole Professor of Divinity in the United Presbyterian Hall, and per- formed the duties of his phair with much learning and ability. For his church it was, however, the day of small things, and the struggle for existence was hard and pro- tracted. In this good work Mr. Morrice expended time, thought and money, with- out stint, indeed, he gave all that he ac- quired, except what was absolutely neces- sary for personal support. He acted as Elder, Sunday-school teacher, member of the board of management of the church, and a director of the United Presbyterian Mag- azine. In all these capacities his services were abundant and invaluable, and before leaving the city he had the satisfaction of seeing the congregation slowly emerging from its weakness and difficulties. In the fall of 1863, Mr. Morrice removed to Mon- treal, and it is here that his greatest works have been undertaken and accomplished. The enterprise and large movements of this commercial metropolis afforded full scope for his rare business capacity, and he soon founded the firm of which he is head. As general merchants, manufacturers and man- ufacturers' agents, they carry on the largest business in their line that is done in Canada. They have warehouses in Montreal and Toronto, and deal exclusively with the wholesale trade. They control about forty cotton and woollen mills, in different parts of the country from Halifax to Sarnia, and several of these are the largest in the Dominion, more than one of them being capable of turning out, per annum, manu- factured goods to the value of over one mil- lion dollars. On his arrival in Montreal, Mr. Morrice was attracted to the Free Church, Cotd street, by the preaching of the Rev. Dr. MacVicar, now Principal of the Presbyterian college. He was speedily called to office as an Elder, and in 1863 was appointed Assistant Superintendent of the Sunday-school. The church was then crowded, and the scene of much Christian and missionary activity, to which he contri- buted more than a little. On the retire- ment of the Hon. Justice Torrance from the office of Sunday-school superintendent, he was called to that position, which he has held for over twenty years. In 1876-77, he took a very active and generous part in the erection of the Crescent street Presbyterian Church, an edifice which was found neces- sary to meet the wants of the Cote street congregation, and which for costliness and magnificence is prominent among the many ecclesiastical buildings of Montreal. Mr. Morrice is Treasurer of this church, and has contributed very largely to its building and other funds. His great and most widely influential work, however, is in connection with the Presbyterian college, Montreal. As chairman of its Board of Management he has displayed wisdom, energy and liber- ality, which have earned for him the admir- ation and gratitude of thousands, and will hand down his name to posterity as one of the great benefactors of our country. From the very inception of the institution he was its warm friend and supporter, and a firm believer in its future success and usefulness. He contributed freely to its endowment and scholarship funds, and witnessed with un- feigned satisfaction its rapid progress. On the 25th November, 1880, he addressed a letter to the Rev. Principal MacVicar, in- timating his decision to erect for the college a convocation hall, library, dining-hall, and additional dormitories for students. These extensive buildings, all of stone, and which are beautiful and admirably adapted for their purposes, were proceeded with at once, and finished, at a cost of over eighty thou- sand dollars, and opened, amid universal rejoicing, on the 28th November, 1882. Mr. Morrice received cordial thanks and con- gratulations from Christian people of various denominations from all parts of the coun- try, and from far beyond it. Professors, students, ministers, elders, and the General Assembly, the supreme court of the church, all heartily united in a similar recognition of his munificence, which has been followed by large and generous endowments to the in- stitution by other friends. The press, far and wide, took occasion to commend in em- phatic terms this noble benefaction. One CANADIAN BIO GRA PH Y. 327 city journal truly said, "Mr. David Morrice, while of a retiring disposition, has been so generous a giver of the good things with which he has been blessed, that this, his latest act of liberality, was little more than was to have been expected. He had only to discover the educational needs of the church to which he belonged to be impelled to give of his bounty, and help forward an enterprise second to no other work. Not only did he pray that ' the Lord of the har- vest would send forth more labourers into his vineyard,' but he supplemented these prayers by contributions, and implemented them with the educational machinery of whose operation the David Morrice Hall is to be the scene." It would be a mistake to suppose, however, that Mr. Morrice has confined his efforts to any one channel. On the contrary, he has shown himself to be truly public-spirited, manifesting a practical interest in everything that affects the weal of his city and country, and materially aid- ing many Christian and benevolent institu- tions, such as the Young Men's Christian Association, the General Hospital, the Sailors' Institute, House of Refuge, etc. In June, 1861, he married Annie S. Ander- son, of Toronto, a lady whose social and benevolent qualities have made her home the scene of true domestic happiness, and won for her the warm esteem and love of all who know her. She has admirably seconded him in all his undertakings, as have also his sons, the two eldest of whom are now members of his business firm, and the third an undergraduate in arts, in To- ronto University, preparing for the legal profession. Mr. Morrice's family consists of seven sons and one daughter. He is still in the prime of life, and with his distin- guished ability, courage, energy and philan- thropic spirit, the church and his country may fairly expect much from him in future as in the past. He is not the style of man to abandon great enterprises before he sees their proper completion. In combining commercial activity with truly practical Christian effort, and in freely and wisely dispensing his bounty during his own life- time, he has set an example which our merchant princes, and wealthy men gener- ally, would do well to follow. While his time is necessarily much absorbed in direct- ing extensive and wide-spread business operations Mr. Morrice devotes spare hours to the gratification of his literary and scien- tific tastes, and is a member of the Montreal Microscopic Club and similar institutions. He is a ready and effective speaker, and carries much weight in religious gatherings, and in the General Assembly of which he has been frequently a member. Lane, diaries, Napanee, Ontario, was born in the township of Augusta, Grenville county, on the lOch of August, 1814. His father, Henry Lane, was a native of New York state, and came to Canada with his father, George Lane, one of the U. E. loyal- ists, and settled with his family in the township of Augusta. His mother was a daughter of Mr. Handley, of the British army, and was born in Canada. Our sub- ject received a common school education, that being all that lay within the reach of a youth at this primitive period of the coun- try's history. He stayed on the farm of his father until he was about twenty years old, when he left to take a position as school teacher, for which he had previously been fitting himself. His first school was in the township of Elizabeth, in the County of Leeds, now the village of Addison. In this school he spent three consecutive years, and afterward pursued the same vocation, with a slight interregnum, in various adjoining townships. Mr. Lane married on March 5th, 1840, Lucinda Taplin, a daughter of Henry Taplin, of Elizabethtown, County of Grenville. Soon after his marraige he gave up teaching, and accepted a position as manager of the Temperance Mills Manu- facturing Company, located in the township of Young, in the County of Leeds. This enterprise was under the control of temper- ance men, who were a power even in those days ; and they carried on the business of grist milling, carding, sawing, dyeing, etc., in their establishment for many years most successfully. Mr. Lane, in time, relin- quished this employment to engage in farm- ing, having bought seventy-five acres in the township of Augusta. Here he lived three years, when he sold his farm and bought another of 120 acres in the same township, near Prescott. This farm, upon which he resided for thirteen years, he added to, from time to time, until it reached over 300 acres ; and he engaged in mercantile pur- suits and the manufacture of potash, etc., in addition to his agricultural work. In 1859, Mr. Lane sold this property, and bought another lot of 500 acres, which he farmed, at the same time occupying him- self in saw-milling and shingle-making. On this farm he lived fifteen years, visiting Europe, whence he imported a variety of merchandise which he disposed of to advan- tage. In October, 1862, he was promoted to a captaincy in the second battalion of the A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 328 Grenville Militia, having held a lieutenant's commission for some time previously. In 1872 he sold this farm, and moved to the town of Kapanee, where he still resides. When on his farm near Prescott, he was appointed postmaster at Charlesville, which office took its name from the Christian name of our subject. The first municipal office held by him was in 1850, when he was elected councillor for the township of Augusta ; and while in this township he was elected councillor no less than twenty- two times, and frequently was elected reeve and deputy-reeve. Our subject was one of the original stockholders in the St. Law- rence and Ottawa Railway (now a part of the C.P.R. system), and like others, he did not find it a paying speculation to himself per- sonally, although it proved to be of an im- mense public benefit. Mr. Lane has always been associated with the Temperance re- form movement, and is identified with many temperance societies both secret and public. He is also a mason of many years standing. He has been in Europe twice, and when there visited places of prominent and his- toric interest. Being a gentleman of acute observation, he returned with a mind well stored with that peculiar information and experience which is only to be had through travel, and the possession of the " seeing eye." In 1839 he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, which connec- tion he strictly maintained up to the union of that church with the other Methodist bodies. He has had thirteen children, nine of whom are living ; seven are married, and two still dwell with their parents. Since his residence in Napanee, Mr. Lane has been for eight years a member of the town council ; and in 1847, while in Augusta, he was appointed a justice of the peace. His career has been characterized by energy, honourable conduct, and by success. Tait, Rev. Donald, B.A., of Toronto University, pastor of St. Andrew's Presby- terian church, Berlin, Ontario, was born in Halkirk, Caithness-shire, Scotland, on the 16th of December, 1850. His parents were Donald Tait and Catherine Campbell. Donald Tait received his primary educa- tional training at the Free Church School, Halkirk ; but after leaving this institution, he pursued a course of private studies under a competent tutor. In 1871 he en- tered the University of Edinburgh, where, for one session, he made a special study of Latin and Greek. In the spring of 1872 he sailed for Canada, and upon his arrival be- gan to attend classes in University College and also in Knox College, Toronto. In the fall of 1873 he entered the University Col- lege, receiving the standing of a second year student ad eundem statum from Edinburgh University. In 1876 he graduated in arts, whereupon he entered Knox College to take a theological course. In April, 1879, his studies were completed in this institution, and the young graduate was licensed to preach the gospel by the Presbytery of Tor- onto, in July Of the same year. We may say that during the last two sessions of his attendance at Knox, he acted as classical tutor in the literary department connected with that institution ; and every year during the three which his course included, he re- ceived a scholarship at the competitive ex- aminations at the close of each session. He was ordained pastor of St Andrew's Church, Berlin, Ontario, on the 6th of October, 1879. He married, on December 30th, 1879, Mary Browett, daughter of the Reverend Robert Wallace, Toronto. This lady died at Niagara Falls on the 27th of September, 1881 ; and Mr. Tait married again on July 8th, 1885, Anna B., only daughter of M. B. Perine, manufacturer at Doon, Ontario. With re- spect to the religious views of Mr. Tait, it may be said that they are in accord with those embodied in the standards of the Pres- byterian church. Mr. Tait is a very earnest, logical and effective preacher, and he is en- dued with the most active zeal in his pas- toral work. During his stay at Edinburgh he attended the ministry of the Rev. Dr. Horatius Bonar, the celebrated hymnist. Porte, Captain Jonathan A., Trenton, was born in the County of Wex- ford, Ireland, on the 25th of February, 1841. His father was a native of King's county, and occupied the position of head constable ; and his mother, whose maiden name was Sparrow, was descended from an old military family. On both sides, it will be seen, our subject comes of military stock. Captain Porte came to Canada, in 1853, and settled in Picton, Bay of Quintd. He was educated at P. E. County High School, and at the Grammar School, Belleville, and left school in 1859. He subsequently spent a few years in the United States, as a clerk in a mercantile firm. In 1864 he ran a small steamer, the John Greenway, and con- tinued to do so for six years later, when she was burnt. He then built the Norfolk, but after running one season, he sold her. A few years later he built the steamer Utica, which he still owns. In the years 1879-80, he built, along with another gentleman, the Mary Ethel; and in the winter of 1880 he CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 329 built the Varuna, which vessel he still con- trols. About the year 1882 the Mary Bthel was sold to the Trenton and Bay of Quinte Navigation Company, of which Captain Porte is a large shareholder. He is presi- dent of the Trenton and Bay of Quinte Navigation Company, and was a member of the first council after the incorporation of Trenton as a town. He is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, in which body he is a past master. He has travelled through the United States and Canada. He is a Methodist, although he ■comes of Quaker stock ; and in politics a Conservative, but does not bind himself to support any party, although he is a firm be- liever in the national policy. He married in 1868, Miss Garrett, whose family were old settlers in P. E. county. By this union he had one child, a girl. The captain is very genial, and we should judge, has all the re- quisites for making his passengers feel at home while under his care. Claxton, Thomas, Toronto, the sub- ject of this sketch, was born at Norfolk, England, on March 15th, 1837. His parents were Thomas and Martha Claxton, both de- scended from English families. Our subject received his early training, which consisted of a solid English education, in his native town ; but when he reached his fourteenth year, (1851), he emigrated with his parents to Canada. Coming as strangers into a country where bread was to be had only for toil, young Claxton was convinced that his best course was to master some trade. Thereafter, for fifteen years, we find him pursuing the trade of a shoemaker. While in Kingston, he became attached to the local volunteer corps, as bandsman, and he has always taken a hearty interest in military matters. He removed to Toronto in 1863, and joined the band of the Queen's Own Rifles, to which corps he was attached until 1867. During his connection with the corps he took part in the defence against the Fe- nian raid of 1866. He was afterwards a mem- ber of the Tenth Royals band for four years. In 1869, he opened a store at 31 Adelaide street east, where he carried on for a year a business, principally as repairer of musical instruments. Finding this undertaking a paying one, he removed to his present place of business, 197 Yonge street, where he has since built up a wholesale and retail trade that now extends over the entire area of the dominion, from Nova Scotia to British Col- umbia. Mr. Claxton was the first who made a successful attempt at organizing a local orchestra, and he now controls the well- known and capable " Claxton Orchestra," composed of thirty professional musicians. He is the only Canadian dealer that has is- sued an illustrated catalogue of musical in- struments, and has at present the leading music trade of Canada. In addition to the advancement of music and musical culture being Mr. Claxton's professed trade, it is with him, and has always been, a labour of love Swayze, George Albert, Professor of Commercial Science and Penmanship, and Head Master of the Business College connected with Albert College, Belleville, Ontario, was born on the 14th May, 1843, in the County of Haldimand, in what is known as the "Scotch Settlement." His father was Daniel Freeman Swayze, son of the late Rev. Caleb Swayze, a minister of the Methodist church, of Thorold town- ship, Welland, Ontario ; and his mother, Sarah, was a daughter of the late George Althouse, of Grimsby, Lincoln county, On- tario. Mr. Swayze's paternal grandfather came from New Jersey, and his maternal grandfather from Pennsylvania, both arriv- ing in Canada about the beginning of the present century. In 1842 our subject's father took up a " bush" lot from the gov- ernment, and for several years the family had to wrestle with the rough ways of pio- neer life. George was set at work as soon as he was old enough to be of use, and we find that he soon had learned " To plough, to sow, to reap and to mow, And to be a farmer's boy." Although farm work was betimes uncon- genial to the tastes of young Swayze, it was the means through which he acquired a vigorous physical constitution. His first schooling was obtained at the little log school-house, about a mile from his father's farm ; and as his help upon the farm grew to be more important his study-time came to be confined to the winter months. His attainments must have been very limited had he not, at the age of sixteen, resolved that he would get an education. Then com- menced, as we learn from "Studies for Real Life," a struggle for knowledge under difficulties. His efforts in this new direc- tion were not openly opposed by his father, who wished him to remain on the farm, but who considered anything like a liberal edu- cation unnecessary for a farmer, but still he was obliged to perform his full amount of work on the farm. The time allotted him at school during the winter months was diligently improved, and in the spring, when he was compelled to leave school, he 330 A CYCLOPAEDIA 01 induced the teacher to write headlines for him to copy at odd times until the next winter. He had heard of others obtaining a good education under even more discour- aging circumstances, and believing that "what man has done man may do," and also that " where there is a will there's a way," he persevered, greatly encouraged at times by his kind teacher, who rendered him all the assistance in his power. At the age of eighteen, and in the following win- ter, he left the farm and entered the teach- ing profession, in which occupation he re- mained for more than ten years in the public schools. In 1865 he attended the Toronto Normal School and obtained a pro- vincial certificate, and thus became inde- pendent of county boards. While in Tor- onto he made great improvement in pen- manship, so much so that when the final examination came he received next to the highest possible mark in writing. In the year 1868 he obtained a "Spencerian Key to Practical Penmanship," and following the instructions contained therein, he was enabled, by careful and continuous practice, to still further improve his writing. When teaching in the vicinity of London, he de- cided to take a course in the London Com- mercial College, then ably conducted by the late Jas. A. Elliott. The next summer, Mr. Elliott's health failing, he was obliged to retire from the business. Mr. Swayze pur- chased Mr. Elliott's interest in the college in June, 1873, and then began his commer- cial college career. Luring the three years he conducted that institution he enjoyed a good share of the public confidence and patronage. At the expiration of three years Mr. Swayze sold his interest in the college to the proprietor of the late Middle- sex Seminary. Two months after leaving London he accepted a position in Beatty's College, Belleville, as teacher of book- keeping, arithmetic and assistant in pen- manship. This situation he retained until the spring of 1877, when the Board of Edu- cation for the City of Belleville advertised for a writing master for the High and Pub- lic schools. Mr. Swayze applied and re- ceived the appointment, although eight others were applicants for the same posi- tion. This position he held for more than seven years, viz., until July, 1884, when he resigned it to accept the position he now occupies. Mr. Swayze is an enthusiast on the subject of writing, and we feel that he is now filling the position nature intended him to labour in. Had he not been en- dowed with an indomitable perseverance he would have succumbed to his adverse cir- cumstances in early life. Mr. Swayze's re- ligious convictions are, and always have been, those of Methodism. He married, on June 28th, 1865, Esther A. Jones, fourth daughter of the late Peter Jones, formerly of Beverley, Wentworth county, but more lately of Malahide, Elgin county, and sister of the Rev. P. W. Jones, Methodist min- ister of the London Conference, and R. A. Jones, V.S., of Springfield, Elgin county. It is, we may add, as a business educator and teacher of penmanship, that Professor Swayze is most widely known. As for his art as a penman, it may be said with accur- acy that his work presents both beauty and symmetry. Gray, .Tolln, Lieut.-Colonel, Parkdale, M.P.P. for West York, Ontario, was born at Yorkville, in the County of York, on the 5th of January, 1837. His parents were John and Jane Gray, who came to Toronto from Rossmede, County of Meath, Ireland, in the year 1834. Our subject received his early educational training at private schools, but when he was prepared he proceeded to the academy situate at Rochester, in the State of New York. Lieutenant-Colonel Gray has had a somewhat conspicuous mili- tary record. He enrolled in the Toronto Field Battery on the 7th June, 1856, and was appointed drill instructor in the same corps in I860. In 1866 he was commissioned first lieutenant in the Toronto Field Battery, and in 1870 he was gazetted captain. In 1875 he became brevet-major, and in 1883 took the rank of major. In February, 1885, he reached the upper round, becom- ing lieutenant-colonel During the Fenian raid, in 1866, our subject was in active ser- vice, and commanded a detachment on board of the gunboat Prince Alfred, in Oc- tober, 1869. He likewise served d ring the late rebellion in the North-West (1885), be- ing on duty with his corps in command of the Toronto garrison. He has commanded the Artillery Brigade in camp during the years 1882-3-4. He is a most capable officer ; is full of zeal for military work ; and respected and admired by the men under his command. Colonel Gray began his political career in 1879, by receiving election as first reeve of Parkdale, upon the incorporation of that place. He was. re-elected to the office in 1880, and again in 1881. He always has taken a very sin- cere and deep interest in public affairs ; hence it came to pass that when, in Febru- ary, 1883, he presented himself before the people of West York, they elected him to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 331 the Provincial legislature. Nor have they had any reason to repent of their choice. He is a hard worker in the interests of his rid- ing, and a man whose views have much weight, notwithstanding the fact that he oc- cupies an Opposition bench. In politics he has always been a steadfast Conservative, and he has never wavered in his convictions as to the superiority of the line of policy pursued by Sir J. A. Macdonald and his col- leagues. During the years 1881 and 1882 he was president of the West York Liberal- Conservative Association ; during 1884 and 1885 he was president of the Masonic Hall Company at Parkdale ; for 1885, was presi- dent of the Toronto Electoral District So- ciety ; has been vice-president of the Toronto Horticultural Society ; is a director of the Industrial Exhibition Association at Toronto, and is past master of Alpha lodge, A.F. & A.M. of Parkdale. He was initiated in Masonry in 1869, at Stevenson lodge, To- ronto. His religion is Episcopalianism. Colonel Gray married, on the 29th July, 1861, Catherine Angelina Calverly, daugh- ter of Joseph Calverly and Mary Stuart, formerly of Hull, England. There is issue of the marriage four sons and three daugh- ters. One son died in infancy. Colonel Gray's industrial exertions are chiefly con- fined to his extensive nursery. Mowat, William, Stratford, County of Perth, was born in Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland, in 1830. His parents were George Mowat and Annie McKay. He was edu- cated there, partly at the parish school, and partly at a private school kept by Peter Bain, whose brother had, in 1840, invented or discovered a system of telegraphing, and the old schoolmaster frequently held his scholars spell-bound by his description of the possibilities of the telegraph as a means of communication between distant points and countries. Mr. Mowat came to this country with his parents, in 1845, and, settling in Toronto, he was apprenticed to the printing business, first in the Herald office, and then in the Globe office. Dur- ing his apprenticeship, he attended evening classes in the Toronto Mechanics' Institute, and took lessons in mathematics under Sandford Fleming, now of world-wide fame as a railway engineer. He also attended a session at the Normal School, the princi- pal being the late Professor Jaffray Robert- son, while the assistant, or mathematical master, was Professor H. Y. Hind. Early in 1846, he attended " a public exhibi- tion " in the old City Hall, at which the " greatest invention of modern times," as the hand bills set forth, " would be put in operation and explained, whereby messages would be transmitted by electricity in an instant of time, by expert operators." Mr. Mowat's curiosity was aroused to see the practical working of the telegraph, and wending his way to the hall, found it crowded to the doors. Two operators, one at each end of the room, sat at a table on which was an instrument, and these were connected by a wire which stretched across the floor. Messages were handed to the operators by persons in the audience, and transmitted word for word as announced by the receiving operator. When the ex- citement was at its height, a well-known public man connected with the press an- nounced that he detected the operators, who could plainly see one another, casting signs at each other, and he strongly de- nounced the operators as " Yankee hum- bugs," and the meeting broke up in great confusion. Each operator read the mes- sages from a roll of paper, sound operators being then unheard of. Amongst his com- panions at " the case," were James Somer- ville, M.P., of the Dundas Banner ; Patrick Boyle, of the Irish Canadian Charles Mac- kenzie, (brother of Hon. Alex. Mackenzie), of Sarnia ; and George Tye, of the Bramp- ton Times. When Mr. Mowat had com- pleted his apprenticeship, he was placed in charge of the mailing department of the Globe, and had as his assistant C. W. Bunt- ing, now manager of the Mail, then a young lad about fourteen years of age. Mr. Mowat afterwards occupied subordinate positions both on the editorial stall' of the Globe and also on that of the Colonist, the latter then published by Samuel Thompson, and the principal editor was George Shep- pard, who was, without exception, the ablest and most polished writer ever con- nected with the Canadian press. In the spring of 1852, Mr. Mowat was engaged as editor and printer of the Backwoodsman, a small weekly paper published at the village of Elora. In 1853-4 he was engaged in the law office of his friend, the Hon. O. Mowat, where he acquired a knowledge of matters pertaining to law. During these two years his pen was not idle, for he contributed a series of articles to the Northern Ensign, published at Wick, pointing out the advan- tages and capabilities of Canada as a field for Scottish emigrants. These articles at- tracted the attention of the Canadian press, and the Globe and other journals commented favourably on them. He also contributed several articles to Mackenzie's Weekly Mes- 332 A CYCLOPEDIA 01 sage, (published by the late William Lyon Mackenzie after his return from exile,) on various subjects which then (1853) agitated the public mind. In January, 1855, he was engaged as editor of the Stratford Beacon, and in the course of a few months became proprietor, and continued the publication of the paper until near the close of 1863, when he disposed of the business to William Buckingham. The Beacon, from the first day of its publication, took a leading part in the struggle of the Reform party for mea- sures which ultimately triumphed and be- came law. Mr. Mowat took a very active part in many an election contest in Perth, and it was at his urgent solicitation that the late Hon. M. Foley was induced to contest Perth with the late J. M. Daly, whose influ- ence until then was unbounded. Mr. Mowat has been frequently honoured by his fellow citizens with municipal responsibilities, and has always been an active promoter of every enterprise tending to the advancement and welfare of the interests of the infant city of which he is an extensive property owner. He has been engaged in business as a pri- vate banker since 1863. In 1860 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace for the County of Perth, and has acted as License Commissioner under the Crooks Act for North Perth since 1880. In 1852 he mar- ried Jane (his cousin), daughter of the late Andrew Mowat, of Wick, and has living a family of three sons and one daughter. His only sister is married to Daniel Rose, of the publishing firm of Hunter, Rose & Co., of Toronto. Mair, CJeorge, Manager of the Federal Bank, London, Ontario, was born on the 25th January, 1852, at Darnaway, Elgin- shire, Scotland. His parents were George and Ann, the maiden name of his mother being Whyte. The early studies of George Mair were pursued at Cooperhill and Moy- ness, and included a general English educa- tion and Latin. Mr. Mair's military record is confined to a four years' connection with the Elginshire Rifle Volunteers. On the 25th May, 1868, he entered the Caledonian Bank at Forres, as junior, for a term of three years, and left that institution on the 1st of ■June, 1871, holding the position of teller. On the 1st March, 1872, he entered the ■Canadian Bank of Commerce, receiving a salary of $300 ; and he resigned on the 15th of September, 1874, his salary being then •$900, and joined the Federal Bank at Lon- don as accountant. In June of the year following he was transferred to Aurora as manager ; to the Kingston managership in April, 1878 ; to the Guelph managership in June, 1880, and to that of London, which office he now holds, on the 1st July, 1885. This latter branch, it may be said, is the most important in the Federal Bank. Dur- ing the troubles of the bank in 1884, Mr. Mair, whose sound judgment and excellent business capacity were known to the head officers of the institution, was deputed by Mr. Yarker, now general manager, to act for him in clearing up business in Manitoba, where affairs were more critical than in any other portion of the bank's area. The success with which he accomplished this trust is now well known in banking circles, and a tribute is paid to him by Mr. Yarker in his report to the shareholders. Mr. Mair was brought up in the Presbyterian faith, but he has latterly attended the Church of England with his wife, and now prefers the services in that church. He married in August, 1876, Minnie E., daughter of David W. Doan, postmaster of Aurora, and grand- daughter of Charles Doan, J.P., of the same place. The latter gentleman was promin- ently to the front, during the rebellion of William Lyon Mackenzie, on the loyalist side. She is likewise a grand-daughter of John Babcock of Atalanta, Missouri ; and it will be remembered that this is the gentle- man who has been so strongly pressed, and so often, to stand for the governorship of the State. Mrs. Mair's family, on her father's side, are descendants of the Phila- delphia Quakers. Her mother was born in Paris, France, but of English extraction. Moore, Major Alexander Hug- jfins, Hamilton, Ontario, manager of the Stinson Bank, was born [on the loth Aug- ust, 1843, at Rathdrum, County Wicklow, Ireland. He is a son of John, third son of the Rev. Alexander Moore, who was de- scended of an English family that settled in the County of Louth during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The family, however, came originally from Spain. His mother was Isabella, youngest daughter of John Huggins, of Kildallan, County Armagh. Alexander Huggins Moore came to Canada with his parents in 1848 ; and received his early educational training in the Hamilton public schools, where he took the classical and mathematical course. As a boy, the subject of this sketch, commenced business life as' a clerk in the dry goods business, having been in the employ of Charles Ma- gill, M.P., for about a year and a half, when he was appointed to a clerkship in the Hamilton water works office, which he left after an eighteen months' service, to enter CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 333 the employment of Stinson's Bank, then owned and carried on by the late Thomas Stinson. He has been in the service of this establishment (with the exception of a few years during which he was teller in the Ex- change Bank of Canada), for over twenty- one years, and is now its manager, to which position he was appointed by the present proprietor, James Stinson, in January, 1884. He enlisted in 13th battalion in 1865, and attended the military school of H. M. 16th Regiment from May to August of the same year, taking first and second class certificates. He was appointed ensign in June, 1866, while the regiment was lying at Port Colborne during the Fenian raid. He became lieutenant on 28th December, 1866; captain on the 20th Jan., 1870; brevet-major on 20th Jan., 1875, and was appointed junior major of the regiment on the 28th Sept., 1883. He became act- ing adjutant on the 5th Feb., 1874, and performed the duties of the adjutantcy while with the corps till he received the ap- pointment of adjutant, 13th January, 1882. He received the appointment of drill in- structor, 3rd July, 1873, and was with the regiment at Port Colborne and Thorold in 1866, at Grimsby camp in 1870, and at Nia- gara camp in 1871. He was brigade major at camp in Niagara, in 1872 and 1874, and camp quarter master at Niagara and Hol- land Landing in 1875. He was attached to A Battery, School of Gunnery, from March to September, 1876, taking a first-class certi- ficate in gunnery and artillery. On several occasions, during the absence of the brigade major of the 3rd Brigade Division No. 2 Military District, he performed that officer's duties, making inspections, etc. Major Moore is a zealous and energetic officer and is thoroughly versed in military law and in- terior economy. In 1879 he sat as a mem- ber on the first court of enquiry into the affairs of the old 10th Royals, at Toronto, the other members of the commission being the late Colonel Durie, D. A.G., of Toronto, (president), and Colonel R. B. Denison, at present D. A. G. In 1876 Major Moore was offered an inspectorship in the North West Mounted Police Force, but family and other engagements prevented his acceptance of the offer. Before dismissing the subject of his military career we may say that it is officers of the stamp of Major Moore that can give efficiency to our militia, and earn for that body the confidence of the public. Major Moore served as a separate school trustee for three years, 1879,1880 and 1881. He was elected aiderman for No. 6 ward. in the city of Hamilton, in 1883 and this position he still fills with much satisfaction to the city. In 1884 he was elected chair- man of the Hospital and House of Refuge Committee of the Council, and under his ad- ministration, in 1884, the entire staff of the city hospital was changed and a new regime established, greatly to the benefit of the in- stitution. He was re-elected chairman in 1885. Major Moore is vice-president for the sixth ward of the Liberal-Conservative Association. He has ever been a strong sup- porter of conservative principles and of the national policy. In municipal affairs he has always been an advocate of careful and economical administration, and an opponent of the schemes of the ward politicians, counselling ever the promotion of measures for the social, material and educational im- provement of the community. He always has been emphatically the friend and ad- vocate of the workingman. In religion Major Moore is a member of the Roman catholic church, having become a convert to that faith in 1874, on Easter Sunday of which year he was received into its com- munion by the Very Rev. E. J. Heenan, V.G., who with the late Bishop Farrell had for some eighteen months instructed him. It was after a long course of study and severe reading which convinced him of the truth of Catholic doctrines, that he took a step which at the time caused his friends great pain, and brought about a temporary estrange- ment of many of them. While firm and consistent in following out what he believes to be his duty, as a Roman catholic, he is neither bigoted nor narrow minded allow- ing others the same right to judge for them- selves which he has exercised. He was married in January, 1879, to Anne Marie Stinson, daughter of the late Ebenezer Stinson, one of Hamilton's earliest and most enterprising settlers, a gentleman who was universally respected, and who has left behind him as a momento many beautiful avenues, particularly in the south-east end of the city, which he laid out and planted. Mr. Stinson also donated to the Anglican church of St. Thomas, the beautiful site on which that church is erected. Mrs. Alex. H. Moore became a convert to the Roman catholic faith in the year 1875, nearly four years prior to her marriage with Major Moore. Hague, George, General Manager of the Merchants Bank, Montreal, was born at Rotherham, England, in the year 1825. He is descended from an o'.d Yorkshire family, who have been settled in the neighbourhood. 334 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF of Rotherham, (the Rotherwood of "Ivan- hoe") in the West riding, for many genera- tions, an ancestor having held a farm from Lord Strafford, in the reign of Charles I. This farm, it may be said, was held by the singular tenure of a peppercorn annually. When a lad attending school, he showed an aptitude for mathematical calculations, and this quality led to his entering the office of the Sheffield Banking Company. Here he remained for a period of eleven years, dur- ing which time he received that thorough grounding in banking which has since been so large a factor in his success. Subse- quently he engaged himself with a firm of railway contractors ; and in 1854 was sent to Canada to take charge of the company's finances. The death of the principal partner brought the business to a close ; and Mr. Hague returned to his old profession in 1856, receiving the position of accountant of the newly-organized Bank of Toronto. Four years later he was placed in charge of the Cobourg branch of the bank ; and upon the death of the president, Mr. Angus Cam- eron, a few years afterwards, he was pro- moted to the position of cashier, which office he held for fourteen years. While holding this office, Mr. Hague took an active part in all matters relating to the polity of banking, and, in co-operation with other bankers, and with members of parliament, offered an unflinching resistance to the pro- posal of the government to change the basis of the circulation of the banks. These ex- ertions were crowned with success, and the government scheme was withdrawn, after having been two sessions before parlia- ment, to be succeeded by another in the na- ture of a compromise. This proposition was introduced and carried through by the late Sir Francis Hincks. Retiring from the service of the Bank of Toronto at the close of the year 1876, Mr. Hague was induced, a few months afterwards, to take charge of the Merchants Bank of Canada, as there now had come a time of crisis and peril, when quick and true insight, sound and sober judgment, and thorough experience were indispensable. All these qualities Mr. Hague possessed-the public had confidence in his capacity-and in due time it became known that the affairs of the bank were once more upon a safe footing. Mr. Hague has remained General Manager ever since ; and the success of the institution which he di- rects is known to the public. For the last twenty years he has been a frequent con- tributor to the financial journals of Canada ; and he has also taken a deep interest in the cause of literature and education. He is chairman of the Congregational College of Montreal ; and a governor of McGill Uni- versity. He was for several years president of the Montreal Young Men's Christian Association, and has been a zealous sup- porter of various enterprises connected with the development of the Congregational church in the Dominion. Platt, Gilbert Dorland, B.A., In- spector of Public Schools, Picton, was born on February 7th, 1837, in the township of Hallowell, County of Prince Edward, On- tario. His parents were Henry Platt and Emily Preston, both descended from U. E. loyalists, who came from New York state sometime about the beginning of the pre- sent century. His maternal grandmother, Helen Palen, saw the first steamboat on the Hudson river, just before leaving with the family of her father for a home in the wilds of Canada. The latter, though too young to take an active part in the Revolutionary war, was afterwards subjected to such con- stant annoyance on account of his fidelity to the British crown, that he was at last com- pelled to leave his ample estate, and seek peace amid the hardships of pioneer life. The subject of this notice was brought up on a farm, and up to his seventeenth year re- ceived only such an education as was afford- ed by the public school of the neighbour- hood, when his services were not required on the farm. In his seventeenth year he began teaching a public school, but, after a few months' experience, gave up his situation, and became a student in the Toronto Nor- mal school, then in charge of the late T. J. Robertson, M.A. , as head master, and Rev. Dr. Ormiston as second master. At the end of two sessions, Mr. Platt received a first- class certificate, and was appointed to one of the public schools in the City of Ottawa. Here he remained during the year 1857, at the close of which he resigned his position, and attended the Collegiate Institute at Fort Edward, N. Y., where he took up Latin, Greek and French. In September, 1859, he became a matriculant in the University of Toronto, but continued to pursue his studies privately ; and the next year was appointed principal of the United Grammar and Com- mon schools of the village of Gananoque. After holding this position for three years and a half, during which his health became somewhat impaired, he attended lectures for a part of the year in University College, and then turned his attention to commercial affairs. In September, 1866, in company with Dr. Platt, M.P., then a student of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 335 medicine, he established the New Nation newspaper, so named in anticipation of con- federation, and in connection with which he remained until 1870. In December, 1868, he was appointed to succeed the late John B. Denton, as superintendent of schools for his native county, and in June, 1871, was duly appointed county inspector, under the School Act of that year. In 1873, after the customary examination, he was admit- ted to the degree of B.A., in Albert Univer- sity, Belleville. During the past sixteen years and upwards, his attention has been pretty fully occupied with the arduous duties of his office. He has, however, found time to take an active part in the various local efforts for the promotion of the cause of Temperance and Prohibition, to which he is heartily attached, and to which, in addition to numerous newspaper articles, he has con- tributed a " Temperance Primer," for use in the schools. In July, 1859, Mr. Platt married Harriet Louisa, eldest daughter of the late William C. Williams, clerk of the township of Hallowell. His family consists of four children, one son and three daugh- ters. The repute enjoyed by our subject is that of a zealous and capable educationist. Macdonald. John,Toronto,one of the most enterprising and successful merchants Canada can boast of, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in December, 1824 When a mere youth he came to this country and re- ceived his early education, first at Dalhousie College, Halifax, and then at Bay street academy, Toronto. At the Bay street aca- demy, conducted by the late Mr. Boyd, father of the chancellor of Ontario, young Macdonald had the honour of winning the medal for classics. Mr. Macdonald, hav- ing chosen the mercantile profession, en- tered the employ of C. & J. Macdonald, at Gananoque, and served for two years. He then returned to Toronto, and took a po- sition in the house of the late Walter Mac- Farlane, on King street east, who at that time was doing perhaps the largest busi- ness in Upper Canada. After living in this establishment for about six years, he was compelled, through failing health, to give up his situation, and seek change of climate. With this end in view he sailed for Jamaica, in 1847, and after resting for a short time, he entered the mercantile house of Nethersoll & Co, the largest on the island. Here Mr. Macdonald remained for somewhat less than a year, when he returned to Toronto, and in 1849 we find him making the bold attempt of establishing an exclusivly dry goods es- tablishment on Yonge street, near Rich- mond street. Business prospered, and in 1853 he moved to larger premises on Well- ington street, nearly opposite his present magnificent warehouse. Thus we see laid the foundation of the present large whole- sale and importing house of John Mac- donald & Co. After a period of nine years of successful business, Mr. Macdonald en- tered the handsome premises on the south side of Wellington street, and to these have since been added another pile of buildings which now occupies the ground formerly covered by the North American Hotel and the Newbigging House on Front street. These premises were bought at a great out- lay of capital. They have a frontage of 100 feet, with 140 feet in depth, and are six stories high. About one hundred men are employed, including the buyers, in the Brit- ish and Amercan markets, and the establish- ment is, without doubt, the largest of its kind in Canada, and will compare favour- ably with any of the wholesale houses in the largest cities of the United States. Mr. Macdonald, realizing the idea that the world has claims upon him outside his warehouse, entered public life as member for West Toronto in the Legislative Assembly of Canada. His opponent on this occasion for parliamentary honours being the present lieutenant-governor of Ontario, Hon. John Beverley Bobinson, whom he defeated by a majority of 462 votes ; and sat in parlia- ment until confederation was accomplished. At the next general election he was defeated for the House of Commons, by the late Mr. Harrison, who afterwards became Chief Jus- tice of Ontario. In 1875 a vacancy having occurred in Centre Toronto, a constituency established in 1872, Mr. Macdonald was in- vited to become a candidate, and having con- sented, he-was returned by acclamation. In 1878 however, when the national policy cry was raised, and people imagined they could be made rich by Act of Parliament, Mr. Macdonald was defeated by Robert Hay, the present sitting member, by a majority of 490 votes. In politics, Mr. Macdonald has always been what may be styled an in- dependent Liberal, discarding party views when they seemed to trammel his settled convictions. He opposed the coalition of 1864, and voted against the confederation of the provinces. This attitude towards party, when its claims conflicted with duty, he clearly defined in his reply to a request asking him to be a candidate in 1875. He promised to give the government a cheerful support but declined to promise more, and to the credit of the requisitionists they con- 336 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ceded to him in advance a perfect freedom of judgment in deciding upon all questions. Mr. Macdonald has been a director in a number of business companies. He has taken a deep interest in the affairs of the Board of Trade and the General Hospital. Education, too, has claimed some of his time, and for some years he has been a senator of the Provincial University, Toronto, visitor of Victoria College, Cobourg, and a member of the High School Board. In all religious and moral movements Mr. Macdonald has lent his aid, and is always ready to help everything calculated to elevate humanity, by tongue, pen and purse. Mr. Macdonald is a member of the Methodist church, and had it not been that his health failed him when a young man, and on the advice of his physician, he would have studied for the ministry, and to this church he has for many years devoted his time and talents. He has long been a member of the execu- tive committee of its general Conference, and treasurer of the missionary society. Outside of his own denomination he has taken a conspicuous part in the work of the Evangelical Alliance, the Bible Society, the Temperance reform, and the Young Men's Christian Association, and has been twice elected president at the united convention of Ontario and Quebec. Mr. Macdonald has written two very interesting brochures, "Business Success," originally a lecture; and a practical address to " The Young Men of his Warehouse," both of which should be in the hands of young men. Mr. Mac- donald's career is a striking instance of what energy and perseverance, combined with integrity and uprightness, may accomplish for a young man just starting upon life's battle. ■lore, Francis William, of the well known firm of F. W. Hore & Son, Hamil- ton, was born January 9th, 1821, at Hun- stan parish, Sussex, England. His father was J ohn Hore, and his mother's name -was Ann Boxal, and both are now dead. John Hore was a farmer, but failed in the year 1837, and went to Canada. Our subject received his education at the school at Sidlesum Mills, England ; but he was re- quired to leave school at the early age of thirteen, and had no opportunity to attend afterwards. When young he was very fond of sports and games, especially cricket. He was the first to establish cricket in Galt, having brought out balls, bats, etc., from England. Amongst those who played at that time were the following gentlemen :-Wm. Andrews, John Young, Wm. Barlow, Mr. Wilkens, McKay brothers and Warnock brothers. Young Hore was also very fond of shooting and fishing ; in- deed, he still enjoys these recreations. He was an apprentice to a butcher for three years previous to leaving England. He arrived in Hamilton in June, 1837, but reinair ed only a few weeks, and removed to Galt. There were nine children in the family, and they were quite poor, and all that were old enough went to work at what- ever they could obtain. Our subject, his father, and two younger brothers, helped to build the Dundas and Waterloo road. In the fall of 1848 they removed to West Flamboro', and a short time afterwards young Hore engaged with the Hon. James Crooks to work at his saw mill at Crook's Hollow. This position he held till 1851, when he took an interest in the business with A. & D. Crooks, sons of the Hon. James Crooks. In the year 1854 he with- drew from the firm and removed to Lynden, where he bought a saw mill. At Lynden he lived over two years, when he sold out, moved back to Flamboro', and rented a saw mill at Greensville. Subsequently he bought the mill, with a small farm attached, and did a very prosperous business for several years. In 1872 pine timber had grown very scarce, and our subject was obliged to think of some other business. So with characteristic enterprise he erected a large hub and spoke factory, and taking his oldest son, Francis Hore, into partnership, carried on an ever-increasing business up to the year 1879, when the factory was des- troyed by fire, the firm losing about one-half of their hard-earned capital. However, in 1879, they purchased a magnificent manu- facturing property in the City of Hamilton, and the business rapidly increased. Soon recovering the severe loss by fire, in 1883, the factory was doubled in capacity, and in addition a large wheel factory was added, and the firm is now turning out finished carriage wheels of the highest quality, and in continuously increasing quantity. The works are now the largest of the kind in Canada. Since the commencement of our subject's business career he has always been honourable and honest, and made it a rule to pay his debts in full, although more than once in doing so he has disbursed the last dollar in his possession. We may say that Mr. Hore watched the Galt bridge at the time of the McKenzie rebellion. He was born a tory, and he is now a sturdy Con- servative. Mr. Hore was married on May 1st, 1852, to Sophia Fearman, daughter of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 337 Wm. Fearman, and sister of Mr. Fearman, of Hamilton. The fruits of the union are seven children living. The two eldest sons are now in business with their father. Mr. Hore's health is good ; he is quite active, and in appearance is much younger than the record of his years. Our subject was member for West Flamboro' Council for fif- teen years, and was for three years deputy reeve, but resigned the office when he re- moved to Hamilton. In 1864 he was elect- ed to the township council, and he was a member of the committee appointed to select a site upon which to erect a county jail. Mr. Hore has impressed his mark upon the industrial community, and he has shown those conversant with his career what can be accomplished through integrity and industry. Malloch, Donald McGregor, Clin- ton, Inspector of Public Schools for North Huron, was bom in the township of Nepean, Carleton county, Ontario, on the 20th Sep- tember, 1834. His parents, Donald and Annie, nee MacGregor, soon afterwards removed to the township of Drummond, in Lanark county, wffiere the boyhood of our subject was spent. They had emigrated from Perthshire, Scotland, in 1833. D. M. Malloch received his early educational in- struction in the public schools at home, but he afterwards received private tuition at the hands of the late Mr. McLaren, head master of the Perth High School. Sometime after- wards he proceeded to New York, where he attended the Fort Edward Collegiate Insti- tute. Upon his return he entered the Nor- mal school at Toronto, spending, at that institution, two sessions, and taking there- from a first class certificate, with grade B and A in succession. Mr. Malloch has also a military record to be summed up with his most creditable educational record. During his principalship of the public school in Orillia, he was elected ensign in No. 7 com- pany, Simcoe Foresters. Some time after- wards he was promoted to the lieutenantcy. In 1866 he attended the military school at Kingston, and obtaining a second class certi- ficate, became the regular instructor of his company till the close of 1867. He resigned, upon his removal to Clinton. During Mr. Malloch's career as a master, he taught in Lanark, Elgin, Perth, Simcoe and Huron counties, and those who are competent to pass judgment upon his work, declare that it was very excellent, and gave complete satisfaction. He spent six years in Orillia, sixteen years as principal of the Model school at Clinton, and in January, 1884, re- ceived the reward of his competency and long and efficient service by receiving the appointment of inspector of schools for North Huron. Mr. Malloch is a Freemason, having been initiated in St. Mark's lodge, No. 94, at Port Stanley, 1858. He was the first worshipful master of Orillia lodge, No. 192 ; and he has filled the chair in Clinton lodge, No. 84, for several years. He re- ceived the capitular degrees in Signet chap- ter No. 34, Orillia, in 1870; the orders of Knights Templars and Knights of Malta in Mount Calvary encampment in the same place, and in the same year; and likewise the investment of Knight of the Red Cross of Rome and Constantine. The council de- grees were conferred in 1875. Mr. Malloch is a past first principal of Seaforth chapter, No. 66 ; preceptor of St. Elmo preceptory, No. 24, Goderich; past grand registrar Grand Lodge of Canada, 1875. and past grand superintendent of Huron District for 1883 and 1884. His religious conviction is that of Presbyterianism. Mr. Malloch married on Dec. 31st, 1868, Isabella Mur- doch Wilson, a native of Glasgow, and daughter of Thomas Wilson. Inspector Malloch is a Conservative in politics, but he has never taken an active part in poli- tical questions, and he holds the opinion that teachers should stand aloof from party strife, and that education should remain apart from politics. Our subject was vice- president, for a number of years of the Clinton Mechanics' Institute, and has always taken a zealous interest in the affairs of that organization. He assisted, likewise, in the selection of the books which compose the library of that body. Billy, I.onis Adolphe, M.P. for Rimouski, Quebec.-This gentleman's an- cestors, Jean Francis de Billy and Cath- erine de Lamarre, came from Paris, France, in 1674, to the parish of Champlain, dis- trict of Three Rivers, Province of Quebec, and removed thence, in 1705, to Gen- tilly, County of Nioolet. Our subject is a son of Solomon Billy, farmer and trader in Gentilly, P.Q., by Theotiste Beaufort, dit Brunelle. He was born in Gentilly on the 13th October, 1834, and received a thorough classical education at Nicolet College. As a student he is said to have been very bril- liant, and to have shown great intellectual grasp. He entered upon the study of the law in Quebec, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada, on the 7th December, 1859. He married, at Rimouski, on the 4th July, 1864, Adele, daughter of the late Peter Gauvreau, a notary of Rimouski, and sister 338 A CYCLOPAEDIA 01 of the Rev. Antoine Gauvreau, curate of Notre Dame de la Victoire, Levis, and he was induced, in 1861, to remove to the district of Rimouski. He went thither and practiced his profession till 1871, when he entered into partnership with A. P. Letendre, attorney, and now prothonotary of the Su- perior Court for the district of Rimouski. He was stipendiary magistrate for this dis- trict from the 20th February, 1873, until he resigned, at the special request of the electors of the County of Rimouski, who wished him to run as their representative for the House of Commons at the general election in 1882, when he was elected by a majority of 108 over his opponent, Dr. Romuald Fiset. M. Billy is president of the Rimouski St. Jean Baptiste Society, which he organized in 1880, and was its delegate to the Convention Nationale, at Quebec, in 1880 ; at Montreal, in 1884, and at Ottawa, in 1885. He has been president of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company of the counties of Rimouski, Temiscouata, and Kamouraska, since 1880. He is also vice-president of the North-West Central Railway Company. He is a strong Conservative, and, of course, supports the present government. M. Billy is a loyal member of his party, a staunch and influ- ential representative of his county, and a doughty worker for fair play to his province. He is quick and brilliant, and is a useful and able member of Parliament. Curts, Rev. James, Newburgh, Coun- ty of Addington, Ontario, ex-President of the Bay of Quinte Conference of the Meth- odist Church, was born in the vicinity of Weston, township of York, July 25th, 1829, and is the eldest son of the late Peter Curts, who moved from Pennsylvania, U. S., with his father's family, in the year 1803, and settled near Richmond Hill, and subse- quently in York township. His mother, whose maiden name was Lever, was a daugh- ter of the late James Lever, senior, who settled in Little York, now the City of To- ronto, in 1816, and was the first class-leader and Sabbath-school superintendent in the Methodist church in York. He assisted in building the first Methodist church here, and took a prominent part in the establish- ment of the Methodist book-room, and the publication of the Christian Guardian. After living to the ripe age of ninety-three, he was killed by falling down the stairs of Mr. McMaster's wholesale house, Toronto. His mother became a widow in 1857, and in the year 1867 was married to Mr. Philip Bartholomew, one of the early and well-re- spected settlers in Markham township,York county. She is now in her eightieth year, and exhibits much bodily and mental vigour, and she is highly esteemed by a large circle of friends. Our subject's forefathers, on his father's side, came originally from Ger- many, and were of the Lutheran church. After their settlement in Canada, they took the liberal side of politics, and the larger portion of the family united with the Meth- odist church. Mr. Curts received his edu- cation principally under the tutorship of John Paul, M.A., at Weston. In 1849 he was led. to surrender his life to the work of preaching the gospel, and united with the late Methodist Episcopal church. He was soon advanced to the office of local preacher, and his services were not only in much requi- sition, but he was earnestly importuned by the church, in accord with his own convic- tions of duty, to enter the itinerant minis- try, for which he commenced at once to study and prepare, and was cordially re- ceived on probation in the Niagara confer- ence in 1852. Since that time he has filled some of the most important and responsible offices in the church, having been elected secretary of the conference consecutively for twenty-two years. He was elected and served in the office of presiding elder for eight years. For several years he was a member of Albert College board, and has been a member of the Alma College board, (the Ladies' college at St. Thomas), from its organization. He was appointed, by the late general conference of the M. E. church, a delegate on the committee to formulate the basis of union. On the formation of the union of all the Methodist churches in this country, he was elected the first president of the Bay of Quintd Annual Conference. At the close of his term of office, the following resolution was adopted :-" Moved by Rev? J. B. Clarkson, M.A., and seconded by George Webb, Esq., and resolved, that this conference, at the expiration of the presi- dential term of the Rev. James Curts, de- sires to express its high appreciation of his valuable services in the discharge of the re- sponsible and onerous duties of the office, as first president of the Bay of Quintd confer- ence of the Methodist church, and to place on record its high estimate of his noble Christian character, and earnestly pray that he may long be spared to share in the hon- our as fellow-labourer in the cause of the Lord Jesus Christ." He has been a dele- gate to every general conference of the late M. E. church, after he became eligible. He was also a delegate in the first united gen- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. eral conference, where he was elected a member of the book committee, and placed on the executive. He was married, on March Gth, 1855, to Elizabeth Louisa Adams, eldest daughter of the late Thomas Adams, merchant, in Utica, N. Y., who came from England and settled in the City of Utica, in 1822. She was educated in the Ladies' Academy, Utica. Emily Chubbuck, one of the teachers, was subsequently the third wife of the celebrated Judson, Bap- tist missionary. Mrs. Curts, who has been a Sabbath school superintendent, has an ex- cellent record in her devotion to the Sabbath school cause, as well as for the influential relation she has sustained to the cause of temperance, as vice-president of the Wo- men's Christian Temperance Union. Like- wise, too, is she esteemed for her deep-felt sympathy for the poor and afflicted, and with all charitable institutions designed to lift fallen humanity from the degradation of sin and misery to purity and happiness. They have eight children living, namely : Orpey Catherine, Lillian E., (married to G. N. Gold- ing, druggist, Chesley, Ont.), Anson A., Thomas A., Robert M., Alice Gertrude, Harry E., and James A. Four of the family are dead. Wiinan, Erastus, New York, the large- hearted ' ' Canadian abroad, " and one of the leading business men of the first commer- cial city of the United States, was born at Churchville, County of Peel, Ontario, in 1834. In early life Toronto became his abiding place, and in the schools of this city he received the school training that fell to the lot of the average Canadian boy in those days. At the age of sixteen he was ready to commence in earnest the battle of life. He selected the printing office as his starting point, and apprenticed himself to the Hon. \Vm. Macdougall, proprietor of the North American office. For four years he worked faithfully at the case, and served an honour- able apprenticeship. When he emerged from the office as a journeyman printer, he had not yet attained his majority. A few years more of the quiet routine of the com- posing room sufficed for "Chaz" Wiinan. His active brain, in the intervals of work, found an avenue for usefulness in the con- duct of a newspaper published in the intersts of the Cadets of Temperance, this organiza- tion owing its birth chiefly to his efforts. Shortly after leaving the North American office, young Wiman drifted into the news department of the Toronto Globe, then the leading paper of the metropolis of Ontario. The late Hon. George Brown, was quick to 339 recognize Mr. Wiman's abilities, and pro- motion to the commercial editor's chair soon followed. In this post the young journalist displayed such a power to gauge financial affairs generally that he attracted the atten- tion of R. G. Dun & Co., of the mercantile agency, who secured his services and placed him in control of their Ontario branch. At this time Mr. Wiman was only twenty-six years old; but upon his broad shoulders there was an old head, and in a very short time he mastered the situation and vastly improved the service. Mr. Wiman was sub- sequently placed in charge of the Montreal branch, and here, once more, he showed that unconquerable energy and capacity for detail which had characterized every effort of his business life. In 1867, he received a further advance, being given a partnership in the New York house, and the control of the city business. We have thus sketched, very briefly, Mr. Wiman's life in Canada, prior to his removal to New York. At the age of thirty-three, Mr. Wiman started in the greatest city of the Union a career that has been the pride of his compatriots. He has been-and is now-the brain power be- hind the Dun mercantile agency. Although his position in the firm calls for an immense amount of mental labour, Mr. Wiman does not confine himself to this business. A few years ago he became interested in the tele- graph lines of the Dominion, and in the face of much opposition he moulded and shaped a project for the consolidation of conflicting interests across the line, and the Great North- Western Telegraph Company was the out- come. He became President of this system -one as complete, considering the immense territory covered, as there is anywhere. Canada, in proportion to population, has more telegraph offices and more miles of wire than any other country in the world. Mr. Wiman is also one of the directors of the Western Union, and his voice is a potent factor at the board in determining the pol- icy of the company. Our readers doubtless know that it takes an exceptionally able and far seeing man to secure a place in the highest commercial circles of New York-a city that counts its Wellingtons and Napo- leons of business enterprise by the score. But a plucky and determined Canadian is not balked by ordinary obstructions, and the greater the task before him the greater the energy he puts forth to attain the object of his desires. As an old resi- dent of Staten Island, Mr. Wiman saw that that important suburb of New York was be- ing held back by influences of a depressing 340 A CYCLOPEDIA OF character. At the head of this enterprise was Vanderbilt, who regarded Staten Island and all its institutions as his property. It was necessary to tackle Vanderbilt, and Mr. Wiman did so with avidity. He out- generaled the American railway king at every point, and while the latter was rubbing his eyes, secured control of the Staten Island Railway Company. Since then he has, by the purchase of Island ferry landings and the construction of a railway around the face of the island, greatly improved transporta- tion facilities thereabouts. The organization of this system, the Rapid Transit, has given Erastus Wiman a commanding position in the railway circles of his adopted city. The social side of Mr. Wiman is most pleasant to With all his business cares -he is without doubt the busiest man in New York-he is ever in the vanguard of entertainers. To keep alive the memories of his native land is one of his great aims in life. He uses" the wealth that has come to him to benefit others and enlarge the enjoy- ment of his fellow men. The Wiman baths in Toronto bear testimony to his regard for that city and the patriotism which dominates many of his acts. The city of Montreal, during her carnival fesitivities, found in him an active friend, for through his influence large numbers of eminent New Yorkers were induced to visit the Canadian metropolis. The establishment of a Canadian club in New York this year (1885) was Erastus Wiman's idea. The elegant quarters at No. 3 Wash- ington Square are now the rendezvous of resident and visiting Canadians, and in the pleasant rooms of the club some noble gath- erings have already taken place. We have spoken of Mr. Wiman as an entertainer. Hundreds will say with us that he is the prince of entertainers. When the Canadian Press Association visited New York in the summer of 1885, the members became Mr. Wiman's guests, and as such were transport- ed hither and thither until surfeited with sight seeing. In his boyhood days Mr. Wi- man was an active participant in the sports of his native land, and he has done his ut- most to make lacrosse popular in the United States. He is always a spectator at matches and sometimes takes the position of referee. Every year has witnessed a visit from one or more of the prominent clubs to New York, under Mr. Wiman's management. This year, 1885, two clubs from the Dominion have visited New York, viz.: the Niagaras and Montrealers, and the members of both stand ready to vouch for their countryman's unbounded hospitality. Mr. Wiman is also a hearty supporter of cricket, and was chair- man of the reception committee which met and entertained the Gentlemen of England, who visited New York in 1885. Mr. Wiman has the look of a solid business man. There is shrewdness, sense and determination in every lineament of his face. He is physical- ly strong; is of medium height; and is in the prime of life-being in his fifty-first year. A New York newspaper recently said : -"Erastus Wiman is the coming man of the metropolis. He intends Staten Island blossom like the rose, and before another decade occurs in our history, Staten Island will be lined with wharves and the B. & O. R. R. will have an outlet to New York through his combinations. He is as generous as he is enterprising. If he con- tinues to pursue the course he has travelled, we may expect to find in Erastus Wiman a second George W. Childs, the well-known philanthropist and business prince of Phila- delphia." This opinion shows in what high esteem the subject of this sketch is held by New Yorkers, who know him as a liberal and enterprising citizen and a gentleman of courteous and affable manners. Erastus Wiman has been the architect of his own fortune. He has shown what "the Cana- dian abroad" can do. His career forms a lesson that every young Canadian, who has selected the United States as the country in which he proposes to battle for place and fame, should take to heart. And that part of it which shows Mr. Wiman's great love for his native land, his interest in her pro- gress and aims, should be emulated by every Canadian-American. Matthews, Wilmot Delouir, of the firm of W. D. Matthews & Co., Toronto, one of our rising business men, was born in Burford township, Brant county, Ontario, on the 22nd June, 1850. His father is Wheeler Douglas Matthews, and his mother, Maria Colton. Mrs. Matthews is descended from an old New England family, the first of whom came over in the May Flower, and afterward settled in Pennsylvania. Mr. Matthews, sen., owned a grist mill, and car- ried on business as a produce dealer in Bur- ford, and removed to Toronto in 1856. Mr. Matthews, jun., was educated at the Nor- mal school, Toronto, where he distinguished himself as an apt scholar. In 1867, when he left school, he went into his father's office as clerk, and in 1873 he was taken into partnership by his father, and the business has ever since been successfully carried on under the name of W. D. Matthews & Co. This firm does a large business in flour, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 341 grain and malt, and they own six malt houses-two in Canada and four in the United States. Mr. Matthews is a gentle- man of marked business capacity, and is associated with several prominent busi- ness institutions. He is a director of the Dominion Bank, and at the age of twenty- six, became president of the Toronto Corn Exchange, which position he held for three years. He is likewise a director of the Can- adian Lloyds, and is a member of the pre- sent Council of the Toronto Board of Trade. He is a Freemason of 3° St. Andrew's lodge, and is likewise an Odd Fellow of Manchester Unity, Noble Grand Mercantile lodge. Mr. Matthews has travelled through most of the United States, and has visited England, Ire- land, Scotland and the Continent. In re- ligion, he is a Methodist, and in politics, a Liberal, but prefers to call himself an inde- pendent Reformer. He married Annie Jane, daughter of Neil C. Love, of Toronto, on August 29th, 1872. He has two children, one boy and one girl. It is not flattering to Mr. Matthews to say that in his business relations, as well as in general life, he has won both confidence and respect, and that the community is much the better of his presence in it. Walker, Eieut.-Colonel John, Lon- don, Ontario,was born at Inverary, Argyle- shire, Scotland, on the 24th January, 1832. His father was John Walker, and his mother, Mary McHardy. His grandfather was an officer of the Breadalbane Fencibles, from which the famous " Black Watch," or Forty- second Highlanders was formed. John Walker attended school at his native place, and concluded his studies at Stirling aca- demy, Scotland. He joined the Queen's Own Yeomanry Cavalry, at Glasgow, Scotland, in 1854, continuing with that regiment till the organization of the volunteer force in Great Britain, and was appointed captain of the Grenadier company 19th Lanarkshire regi- ment, Scotland. He came to Canada in 1864, and organized a militia company at Both- well, County of Kent, Ontario, on the break- ing out of the Fenian troubles in 1866. He was subsequently transferred as captain to the 7th Fusiliers, London, attaining to the command of that regiment in June, 1877, and retiring with his rank in 1884. The regiment under his command had become one of the model regiments of the Dominion, and elicited praise from the successive gen- erals in command of the forces. Colonel Walker accompanied Colonel Peacock's force in the Fort Erie Fenian campaign of 1866, and was put in command of the Windsor frontier force during the threatened Fenian trouble in 1870. He was vice-president of the first Canada Pacific Railway Company, of which Sir Hugh Allan was president ; a director in London, Ontario, of the Ontario Savings and Loan Co., and the Equitable Loan Co.; president of the School of Art and Design ; vice-president of the London, Huron and Bruce Railway Co.; director of the Canada Chemical Co.; director of the Imperial Oil Co.; president of the Mechanics' Institute ; director of the Sovereign Fire In- surance Co.; president of the St. Andrew's Society ; director of the City Gas Co., and London Life Assurance Co.; one of the founders of the Protestant Orphans' Home, and is connected with many other of the charitable institutions of the city. He mar- ried, in Scotland, 1856, Janet, daughter of John Machattie, manager of the Carron Iron Co., Leith, Scotland, who died in 1863. He married again in Canada, in 1868, Laura, daughter of Jacob Hespeler, of Hespeler, Waterloo county, Ontario. In 1865, he pur- chased for a number of Scotch capitalists the large tract of oil producing lands owned by the late Hon George Brown, in Both- well, and for some years resided on the property, carrying on operations for the Scotch Company. He subsequently re- moved to London, Ontario, where he erected chemical works and an oil refinery, and where he has since resided, with the ex- ception of short periods at Montreal and Winnipeg. A man who has achieved as much as this, and who can trace his suc- cess in every case to his own ability and en- terprise, is not an ordinary man. In the first instance Mr. Walker's business qualifications were held so high that he was selected by his friends in Scotland to come to Canada and take charge of the Bothwell property, with the object of cultivating the lands, and developing the oil springs with which it abounded. The region was at this period, owing to an influx of labourers from the United States, in a very noisy and rough condition ; but the presence of Colonel Wal- ker, his firmness and energy of character, had a pacifying effect, and he was appointed magistrate there. Colonel Walker has al- ways had an aversion for political war- fare, and it was circumstances rather than choice that forced him, in 1874, to take to a field which had for him but little fascina- tion . At the election for the House of Com- mons in that year, he contested the consti- tuency in the Liberal interest against John Carling, now (December, 1885) Minister of Agriculture in the Dominion government, 342 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF and defeated him by a majority of over seventy votes. The election was contested in the courts, and Colonel Walker was un- seated, and in the renewed contest unfor- tunately lost his seat, but he has continued to be a prominent and influential supporter of the Liberal party. Reid, Robert, Collector of Customs, London, Ontario, was born in Paisley, Scot- land, on the 1st day of January, 1822. He is a son of James Reid and Jessie Watson. Both his father and grandfather took a prominent part in the struggle for civil and religious liberty in Scotland, that was so fiercely carried on about the close of the last century, and during the first thirty years of the present one. His father was a loyal subject, though an advanced Liberal ; and he was a devout Christian of the Bap- tist persuasion. There was a family of seven sons and three daughters, and the subject of this sketch was the youngest son ; and the eldest sister was married about the time of Robert's birth. During his boyhood, Robert's educational training was confined chiefly to reading the Bible and learning the Shorter Catechism. When only six years old, he was set at work in the weaving bus- iness, which was then a flourishing industry in Paisley. After he had reached his twelfth year, he attended night school for a couple of years, notwithstanding that he worked from six o'clock in the morning till seven or eight o'clock at night, at the weav- ing trade. But he was resolved, in spite of fortune, to win an education for himself ; and after a hard struggle he became pos- sessed of the three R's, and a fair knowledge of English grammar. At this time his father was a member of the Encyclopaedia Club, of Paisley. This club had purchased the " En- cyclopaedia Brittanica," and every three months met and distributed the volumes amongst the members. Thus there was always to be found a couple of volumes of this book in Mr. Reid's home, and it was in reading the subjects treated here that young Reid acquired the solid, accurate knowledge, and the taste for literature, which became conspicuous in his after life. When in his twentieth year he left Scotland for the United States, and, though the youngest of the family, he was the first to go abroad and seek his fortune. He landed in New York in November, 1842, and went to Buf- falo by the Erie canal the following spring ; but not caring for the United States he pro- ceeded to Toronto in the autumn of 1845. Shortly after his arrival he obtained employ- ment from the late John Eastwood, pro- prietor of the paper mills on the Don river, at the village of Todmorden. Although de- voting himself faithfully to his duties in this establishment, Mr. Reid began to study po- litical questions, and in a short period was thoroughly conversant with leading political events, and during his residence at Toronto became personally and politically attached to the late lamented Hon. George Brown. In the summer of 1848, Mr. Reid left To- ronto and went to London, where he estab- lished a branch of the Toronto Eastwood publishing business. Eighteen months after- wards he bought out the stock, and carried on the business with much success till 1878, in which year he received the appointment to his present office of Collector of Customs at London. The printing and publishing bus- iness is still carried on with enterprise and success by his two sons, Robert and George, under the name of Reid Brothers & Co. Mr. Reid married, in 1851, Ann Jane Mc- Elroy, daughter of the late William McEl- roy, farmer, near Bolton village, in the township of Albion. Her parents had emi- grated to Canada from Ulster, Ireland. The family was a prominent one in Ireland, her grandfather having been a magistrate of Ul- ster. Ann Jane McElroy was a distinguished graduate of the Normal School at Toronto. She had been head mistress of London Cen- tral school, and was a most successful and popular teacher. The fruit of the marriage is eight children, seven sons and one daugh- ter. One of the sons is dead. The sons have nearly all grown to manhood, but one of them, Arthur W., died suddenly last year of heart disease, in his twenty-fifth year. He was a most promising young man ; was a distinguished graduate of Toronto Univer- sity, taking all the scholarships in his de- partment every year, and graduating with the gold medal in mathematics. Obituary sketches, bearing tribute to his brilliant achievements, appeared in the Toronto Globe and in The'Varsity, the organ of the Univer- sity. A third son, George M., distinguished himself in the North-West rebellion, as ad- jutant of the 7th Fusiliers. General Laurie, who had command of the brigade while the 7th was stationed at Swift Current, so ad- mired his conduct, that he sent a recom- mendation to the Minister of Militia, and he was promoted, for efficiency, to a captaincy while on the field and in active service. Mr. Reid has always been interested in the St. Andrew's and Caledonian societies, and was president of the same for several years. He has always taken an active part in politics, and has given his support to the Liberal CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 343 party ; and he holds that it is the duty of every true citizen to interest himself in the great questions of the day. He held a school trusteeship for over eighteen years, both at the Common and High School boards, to the latter of which he was elected by the city council, and held the office till after his ap- pointment to the collectorship of Customs. He was also appointed by the High and Common School boards as a member of the Free Library board, which, though carried by a vote of the people, has not yet been organized. He was also appointed a justice of the peace by the Mowat government some years ago, but has never qualified for the position. He has always been identified with the U. P. branch of the Presbyterian Church, though his religious convictions are somewhat in advance of that body. He is chairman of the management committee of the Rev. Dr. Proudfoot's church, with which he has been connected for the last thirty-five years. Mr. Reid's career is one the more to be respected and emulated by those who read this sketch, when it is remembered that all the creditable achievement which has been his was the work of his own un- aided hands. Sincere and honourable has this man been in all his relations to the community ; and he has been unswervingly true to his political party, who both respect and honour him. We may say that the first recognition that he ever obtained of his public services, was from the illustrious and lamented Lord Elgin. In the year 1851, he was gazetted, and received a commission as militia officer, signed by the Earl himself. Very naturally, the recipient prizes this favour most highly. Spry, Daniel, Barrie, Ontario, Post Office Inspector, was bom 29th November, 1835, near Burritt's Rapids, township of Marlborough, in the County of Carleton, Province of Ontario. He is the son of Samuel Spry, of Lewtracher, near the town of Launceston, County of Devon, England, who joined the Royal Sappers and Miners, and came to Canada with Colonel By, the founder of the City of Ottawa, to assist in the construction of the Rideau canal. After the completion of the canal he re- tired from the army and settled on a farm as above. His mother, Janet McLean, was the daughter of James McLean, who emi- grated from Perth, Scotland, and settled near the mouth of the river Humber, in the County of York. Shortly after his father's death, the family removed to Ma- tilda, now the village of Iroquois, where they resided some time, and in the month of November, 1846, removed to the City of Toronto. He was educated at the common schools in the County of Carleton, and after- wards at the Model school in the City of Toronto, where he acquired an education that fitted him to fill the various offices that he has since held with so much credit. After being a short time in a law and land office, he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. In the year 1854 he was appoint- ed to the Toronto post office, and remained in the department fifteen years, when by his strict attention to his duties, and his genial manner, he commanded the respect and es- teem both of his fellow clerks and those in authority. He was promoted from one step to another, until he was transferred to the Post Office Savings Bank, at Ottawa, in the month of May, 1869. This place he soon found did not agree with his health, and in consequence resigned his situation in the Post Office Department, October, 1869, and entered into mercantile life in the City of Toronto, where he carried on business until June, 1876, when he was appointed post office inspector of the East Toronto division. In November, 1879, he was transferred to the town of Barrie, and placed in charge of the Barrie postal division. He was initiated into Masonry in King Solomon's lodge, Toronto, on the 11th day of March, 1858, and imme- diately took an active and lively interest in all the branches of Masonry. He was elect- ed secretary in 1859, and has filled from that time until the present important posi- tions in the craft until in July, 1882, he was elevated to the Grand Master's chair, where his matured judgment, genial man- ners, and zeal for the craft so commanded the respect and love of his brethren that he was again re-elected in 1883. He now fills the important position of past grand master. In Capitular Masonry, Cryptic Masonry, Knights Templars, etc., he has filled the principal offices, having been elected in 1879- 1880, grand first principal Z of the Grand Chapter of Canada ; in 1872-1873, to the office of grand master of Cryptic Masonry, and in 1884, honorary deputy grand mas- ter of the Templar Body of Canada. He has also received the 33° of the A. & A. S. R. He has been presented, at different times, with very valuable testimonials for his services to the craft. In the military, Daniel Spry has done duty as ensign in the 10th Royal regiment, and lieutenant in the Queen's Own Rifles, Toronto, and has held the position of captain in the Reserve Militia for the Centre Riding of the City of Toronto, since March, 1873. He has been a director 344 A CYCLOPEDIA OF of the Toronto House Building Association, (now Land Security Co.), vice-president of the Toronto Mechanics' Institute, and pres- ident of the Barrie Mechanics' Institute. He was also president of the Ontario Literary Society, a society that was composed of young men now filling prominent places in our country, and who gave great impetus to literary pursuits in the City of Toronto about twenty-five years ago. When taking part in politics, Mr. Spry was a Reformer, and was secretary of the Reform Association of Toronto, from which office he retired in 1876. He is a member of the Church of England, of the low church school, and has been elected a delegate to the Synod of Toronto every year since 1882. He has been twice married, first to Mary Jane Burgess, on the 3rd of May, 1859: and next to Mary E. Fortier, daughter of Charles G. Fortier, collector of inland revenue, Hamilton, on the 30th of April, 1867. His son, Lieutenant Spry (now captain), accompanied the York- Simcoe Regiment to the Nort-West. He was the youngest officer at the front, being under seventeen years of age. In literary work, Mr. Spry was connected as a contri- butor with the Poker, Momus, and Grumbler, well known comic journals, formerly pub- lished in Toronto, and The Gavel, a Masonic journal published in Orillia. Kaulbach, Hon. Henry Adolphus Newman, LL.B,, Q.C., Senator Lunen- burg, N.S. The distinguished gentleman who is the subject of this sketch was born at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, in 1830. He comes of a very distinguished and honour- able German family, one member of which was Wilhelm Von Kaulbach, officer of the Legend of Honour, and director of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts at Munich, who, in 1846, painted for Louis I. of Bavaria the "Destruction of Jerusalem." He is the great-grandson of Martin Von Kaulbach, an original grantee and settler of Lunenburg, N.S., in 1752, and grandson of Henry Kaul- bach, who was appointed High Sheriff of Lunenburg by Governor Wentworth, 1798. This office, and others of high distinction, Sheriff Kaulbach held till 1828, when he re- signed in favour of his son. Lieut.-Col. John Henry Kaulbach. This latter held the high sheriffship up to the time of his death, which took place in 1879, and his eldest son is the subject of this sketch. It is interest- ing to state that our subject's grandmother, Kaulbach, lived to the age of 104 years, and had fifteen children. At the time of her death she was in perfect health, and enjoyed the full possession of all her faculties. When she had reached her hundreth year, her centenary birthday was celebrated with all the affectionate enthusiasm of her hosts of relatives, and at that banquet there were no fewer than five generations of the family present. His mother, who was Frederica, a daughter of Adolphus Newman, is now in her 85th year, and enjoys perfect health. Every one of our subject's lineal ancestors, for at least two centuries back, lived at least to see his fourscore years. Henry Adol- phus Newman Kaulbach was at an early age put under private tutors, then at the Lunen- burg Grammar School, finishing his training in classics under the tutorship of the Rev. J. C. Cochrane, D.C.L. His education com- pleted, he was sent to Harvard University, from which institution he graduated LL.B. He studied law likewise with his uncle, Hon. John Creighton, sr., Q. C., M.P.P., and afterwards a member of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia, and president of the Legislative Council. At a later date our subject entered the office of the Hon. (now Sir) William Young, then leader of the Nova Scotia government. In 1855, after a dili- gent application to his studies, he was called to the bar, and commenced practice. He soon proved himself to be a lawyer of wide, firm and ready grasp ; but notwithstanding his eminent fitness for the legal profession, he soon began to concern himself in other affairs. In all his enterprises he has won the success to which his commanding abili- ties have entitled him, and he adds to the positions of senator and prominent barris- ter, now that of being one of the most pro- minent ship owners and land proprietors in the Maritime provinces. He had always shown much inclination for public life and legislative work, and entered the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, as representative for Lunenburg, in 1863, defeating the then leader of the government, Hon. Jos. Howe, by an immense majority. His ability was at once recognised in the house, and he held his position till the consummation of the union. He was one of the most useful and energetic members of the legislature, and persistently and forcibly advocated a federal union of the provinces. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Central Board of Agri- culture, and of free public schools. Indeed, upon every question of national importance and wide liberality, he had pronounced opinions, and his views were always such as time has since emphatically vindicated. He was beaten at the general election of 1867, by the powers that opposed free schools and confederation. On the 27th of March, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 345 1872, he was called to the Senate, and still sits one of the most worthy and able mem- bers of that body. He married, first, Eunice Sophy, only child of the late John Harris, of Thornhill, King's Co., N.S., who died in 1879 ; second, on the 9th September, 1880, Sophy Anne, daughter of G. H. Ryland, registrar of Montreal, and his wife Mary Pitt Gore, and grandniece of Sir J ohn Gore, K.C.B., G.C.H., and of General Sir Arthur Gore, killed in battle at Bergen-up-Zoom. It may also be stated that the mother of the present wife of our subject was a sister of the wife of Sir Dominick Daly. Mr. Kaul- bach was appointed lieut.-colonel of the 1st Regiment of Lunenburg County Militia and Volunteer Artillery in 1859. Although strictly brought up in the doctrines of the Church of England, he became slow in per- formances until he had the inestimable plea- sure of the social society of Professor Long- fellow, of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dur- ing his law training there, his genial and loving ways drew our subject to the con- templation and enjoyment of the beauties and wonders of creation in the garden, field and forest, and from nature up to nature's God. Wagner, Jacob Peter, one of To- ronto's prominent builders and contractors, and aiderman, was born at Bischmisheim, in the Rhenish province of Prussia, on the 30th May, 1826. He is a son of Peter Wagner and Dorothea Smith. The family, which consisted of the parents, four brothers, and two sisters, emigrated to America in 1838. Thousands of other Germans at this period were constantly arriving in NewYork, and among this influx came the family of our subject. After a short stay at New York, Mr. Wagner, senior, and his family, pro- ceeded to Rochester, New York, reaching that city on June 1st, after a journey by canal-the only means of travel here at this time-which occupied eight days. The fam- ily here prospered fairly, and our subject, like all those other young men who have won honourable places for themselves in the new world, was always ready to engage in any honourable and profitable employment. For seventeen years he lived at Rochester, after which his destiny began beckoning him to Canada. In 1848, he married Elizabeth Gehring, who is still alive, of Rensalaer Falls, St. Lawrence county, New York, and formerly of Bavaria, Germany. In 1855 Mr. Wagner came to Toronto to build the Rossin House ; and since his coming he has put up many of the city's fine resi- dences and stores. He very soon earned the repute of being one of the most capable and trustworthy builders and contractors in To- ronto, and it is not to be wondered at that business with him rapidly grew. In 1876- 1877 Mr. Wagner completed the Central prison for the Ontario government. Our subject has had eight children, of whom three were born in Rochester and five in Toronto. Six of these are living, viz., Wil- liam J. Wagner, physician ; George P. Wagner, manufacturer ; Charles F. Wag- ner, architect ; David C. Wagner, account- ant ; Susan C. Wagner, now wife of Rev. R. von Pitch, Berlin, Ont. ; Mary S, Wag- ner, now wife of J. A. Valin, barrister and attorney, Ottawa. It is pretty certain to happen, when the public observe that a man is very capable in the management of his own affairs, if they be right, that they begin to desire his services in directing their concerns ; and this, in Mr. Wagner's ex- perience, was the case. In 1876, at the request of a number of leading gentlemen, our subject allowed himself to be put in nomination for St. Patrick's ward, and was elected. He was a very capable aiderman, his insight being quick, and his judgment sound. In religion Mr. Wagner is a staunch Lutheran. Lewis, Right Rev. John Travers, D.D., LL.D., Lord Bishop of Ontario, was born at Garry Cloyne Castle, the country seat of his uncle, the late John Travers, in the County of Cork, Ireland, on the 20th June, 1825. He was the eldest son of the Rev, John Lewis, A.M., curate of St. Anne's, Shandon, Cork, with which are so widely associated the repute of the " Bells of Shandon." His mother, still living, is the daughter of the late John Lawless, of Woodview, Cloyne, in the County Cork. While yet a boy, the bishop's father died of cholera, contracted in the hospitals of Cork, while labouring among his parish- ioners, leaving him heir to his uncle's estates, then of considerable magnitude, including Garry Cloyne Castle, the estate adjoining the far-famed Blarney Castle. He was educated, as a lad, at Hamblin and Porter's school, in Cork, and later on at Trinity College, Dublin, where, on entrance, he obtained the Primate's first Hebrew prize, and from whence he graduated as senior moderator and gold medallist in ethics and logic in July, 1847, having throughout his undergraduate course ob- tained both classical and mathematical honours. Turning his attention to the study of divinity, he was in the following year, on 16th July, 1848, ordained a deacon in 346 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF holy orders in Christ Church College Chapel, Cambridge, by the Lord Bishop of Chester, and priest in the September of the follow- ing year, by the Lord Bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore. In July, 1848, he was appointed curate of Newtownbutler, in the North of Ireland, where he remained till the year following, when, desiring to visit his mother and family, who had mean- while settled in Canada West, he crossed in a sailing ship, and visiting Toronto, was ap- pointed by the bishop (Rev. Dr. Strachan), missionary at West Hawkesbury, on the Ottawa river. On the 22nd July, 1851, he married Annie Henrietta Margaret, eldest daughter of the late Hon. Henry Sher- wood, attorney-general of Upper Canada, of United Empire loyalist stock, and a promi- nent member of the Conservative adminis- tration of that day. Following close upon his marriage came the news of his uncle's death in Ireland, but learning that the affairs and property of his uncle had been left much embarrassed, he resolved to make Canada his home, and settle in this country permamently. In 1 854 he was promoted to the rectory of St. Peter's Church, Brook- ville, where he remained until the question of dividing the then large diocese of To- ronto was mooted. In an election, on the 13th June, 1861, at Kingston, by the vote of both clergy and laity, he was chosen the first bishop of Ontario, as the new Episcopal see, extending from the Ottawa to the Trent river was called, and this appointment was subsequently ratified by Her Majesty's Royal letters patent, constituting himself and his successors lord bishops of Ontario. This occusion was, we believe, the last on which the Imperial authorities caused letters patent to be issued. The bishop, elected in his 36th year, the youngest at that date of the Bench of Bishops of the Church of England, was consecrated at St. George's Cathedral, Kingston, the seat of the see, on the 25th March, 1862. There he remained until 1871, when Ottawa having in the mean- time been made the capital of the Do- minion, and since become the most import- ant city in the diocese, he removed there with his family, where he now resides. The bishop is the author of many published charges and sermons, as well as lectures and articles in the Journal of Sacred Literature, London, England, and in the American Quarterly Church Review. He was the orig- inal author and promoter of the meeting of the Lambeth Conferences of all bishops of the Church of England, at home and abroad, including those of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States, and was mainly instrumental in inducing the British Association for the Advancement of Science to meet in Montreal in 1884. In November, 1885, by the order of His Excellency the Governor-General in Council, the bronze medal, struck in commemoration of confed- eration in 1867, was presented to the bishop as an expression of appreciation of ' ' his im- portant services In the cause of literature and science." The bishop is an Anglican Churchman of liberal views that have done much towards making the Church of Eng- and in eastern Ontario united and peace- ful. The Bishop has two sons and four daughters living. His eldest daughter mar- ried R. C. Hamilton, third son of the late George Hamilton, of Hawkesbury, C. W., and his second daughter is the wife of F. Hilton-Green, of Montreal. His eldest son, Travers, is a member of the Ontario bar, in partnership with A. F. McIntyre, and prac- tices his profession in Ottawa ; having mar- ried in 1884, the second daughter of Col- lingwood Schreiber, C. E. This is an age when religion has more to do than teach, for some of the ablest minds of the day have come forward disputing its pretensions, and denying the divinity of its inspiration. The time was in the history of this antago- nism when ministers in the pulpit might gather their robes about them and scorn to make reply to their assailants ; but that day is past. This is an age of great enlighten- ment, of wide reading, of popularized science; and the young man with a little learning who comes to doubt revelation and the divine origin of the whole religious sys- tem, is only brought back again to his right mind by hearing in the pulpit vindication and proof of the religion which the priest is commissioned to teach. This we are glad to say seems to be Bishop Lewis's view of the question too ; for he has on many occasions adorned his pulpit by the defence of religion, as well as by its expounding. He is a man of wide and profound learning, and we doubt if there is living an abler defender of the religious system against Agnosticism than he. Well would it be, if the clergy generally would seek to follow his example. For, as we have already said, anti-religious science can no longer be treated with silence. Henceforth the silence of the pulpit will not be called contempt, but ignorance. McCurdy, Dr. Archibald, M.B.M.C., P. & S.O., Norwich, Ontario, was born in the township of South Norwich, Oxford, on September 19th, 1847. His parents were CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 347 Thomas Stuart, and Elizabeth, the maiden name of his mother being Hagerman. Miss Hagerman was oije of the well-known U.E. loyalist families that came to Canada after the declaration of independence. Mr. Mc- Curdy, senior, was born in the State of New York, and came to this country in 1817, being then only five years old. His parents settled upon a farm in the vicinity of Grimsby, where he remained until 1840, when he removed to the township of South Norwich. Here he took a farm in the bush, and became one of the sturdy pioneers of that place. He had two sons, Archibald be- ing the youngest. Mr. McCurdy is still alive, resides upon the old homestead, and is in the enjoyment of good health. Young Archibald received a thorough education, first entering the Woodstock college, and completing his course at Trinity, Toronto. At the age of twenty-three he began the study of medicine, graduating in 1876 with honours. He removed to the village of Lynedoch, Norfolk, where he practised for two years ; after which he betook himself to the village of New Durham, Brant, in which place he practised for four years. In 1882, he returned to the village of Norwich, where he purchased the drug business of the late Dr. Lount. This business he has con- ducted with much success, conjointly with a large and constantly-increasing practice, ever since. In 1885, Dr. McCurdy was ap- pointed surgeon for the Grand Trunk Rail- way, and he is likewise a member of the Board of Health for the village of Norwich. He belongs to the Freemasons, and is a member of Ridout lodge, No. 95 ; he is also connected with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, of which body he is also medical examiner. He has always taken a deep in- terest in public questions, and is a stead- fast and solid supporter of the Conserva- tive party. His religion is that of Presby- terianism. Dr. McCurdy married in 1882, Antoinette Eliza,' daughter of Isaac Brock Henry, of Winona, Wentworth county. The fruit of this union is one son. He is of a very energetic temperament, and an ex- ceedingly skilful physician. Bronson, Henry Franklin, Ottawa, the one man, it has been said, who under- stood the feasibility of converting the large lakes and furious and foaming falls of the Ottawa river, into a channel for the driving of saw-logs, was born in the town of Moreau, Saratoga county, New York state, on the 24th of February, 1817. His parents were Alvah Bronson and Sarah Tinker. Mr. Bronson is of mixed Scottish and Welsh de- scent, and the family, which is now scat- tered through most of the Northern states, at an early period settled in New England. Members of this enterprising and clever family were the Hon. Greene C. Bronson, of the New York bench, and the Rev. Asa Bronson, who was for many years pastor of the First Baptist Church, at Fall River, Massachusetts. The first of the family to find his way to Canada was the subject of our sketch, and shortly after he came here he led off in the lumber business. H. F. Bron- son spent his youthful days at Queensbury, Warren county, JSew York, in the family of the late J. J. Harris, and he concluded his education at the Poultney academy of Ver- mont. " Young Bronson," says a reliable authority lying at our hand, "became an apt scholar in agricultural sciences, but soon showed a preference for woodland foraging, predestined, as he was to become a great marauder of pine forests." In 1840, Mr. Harris, already alluded to, purchased ex- tensive pine tracts, erecting mills on one of the upper Hudson lakes. He formed a partnership with his young and trusted friend, Mr. Bronson, " whose assets con- sisted of a sound constitution, a resolute will, unbending integrity, skill with the hand, and a mind to work." The partner- ship continued for twenty-two years, and during the last ten years of the association, the greater portion of the business respon- sibility fell upon our subject, owing to the failure of Mr. Harris' health. It soon be- came plain that the pine was rapidly disap- pearing from the upper Hudson ; therefore, in 1848, Mr. Bronson passed over to Canada, proceeding along the Ottawa valley, till the thunder of the Chaudiere falls burst upon his ears. At once he was satisfied that here was an excellent place to begin lumber opera- tions ; for the timber seemed inexhaustible, and the water power magnificent. He re- turned home, but in 1852 he persuaded Mr. Harris to accompany him to the Ottawa val- ley. When they reached again the region of kingly pines and booming waterfalls, they were everywhere met with testimony from river experts, saying that the Ottawa was not suitable for the safe driving of saw logs, but Mr. Bronson recommended to his part- ner the purchase of the hydraulic lots at the Chaudiere falls, then held by the Crown. At the sale of the lots, made by Mr. Horace Merrill, general superintendent of the Otta- wa river works, a purchase of the lots was made, and here, under the personal super- vision of Mr. Bronson, was erected the mills, a portion of which still exists in the. 348 A CYCLOPEDIA OF splendid works still in operation within sound of the galloping thunder of the falls. The mills having been erected, Mr. Bronson removed his family to Ottawa, and there they were established permanently. The relation of Mr. Bronson to the sawn lumber trade of the Dominion of Canada will be better un- derstood when it is learned that his was the first movement in the Ottawa district for the manufacture of sawn lumber for the United States market. The original mill embodied all the modern improvements of the times, including iron gates of novel model, a con- trivance planned by Mr. Bronson himself, and afterwards used in most of the gang saw mills on the Ottawa river. Several other gentlemen, stimulated by the enterprise and success of Mr. Bronson and his partner, likewise set out for Ottawa ; and, after a time, chiefly owing to the persistency of Mr. Bronson, a series of costly river improve- ments were effected, which made the driving of logs upon the Ottawa a matter of greater convenience than upon many a smaller stream, which has no large lakes to act as a reservoir for checking the fury of the spring freshets. In 1864, Mr. Harris retired from the business, Mr. Bronson still con- tinuing in extensive manufacture of sawn lumber, and owing to his splendid abilities as a manager, his operations not alone maintained their ground, but gradually increased. The present firm at Ottawa, of which our distinguished subject is the head, is known as Bronsons & Weston, and com- prises, besides the senior partner, Erskine H. Bronson, son of H. F. Bronson, and Abi- jah Weston, of Painted Post, New York. The latter gentleman is one of the most extensive lumber merchants in the United States, having business connections in no less than nine or ten different points in the states of Michigan, New York and Ver- mont. Our subject's firm own two mills at Ottawa, running ten gates, and having a capacity for producing sixty miLion feet of lumber per season; nor can it be believed that the day is near when these great and busy wheels shall stop, for the company are proprietors of extensive and excellently tim- bered tracts of pine upon the upper Ottawa and its tributaries. This firm is likewise connected with John W. Dunham, of Al- bany, New York, and Hermon K. Weaver, of Burlington, Vermont, and through these gentlemen operate at Burlington the second largest, and in many respects the finest mills, in the New England states, for the dressing and resawing of lumber. They have a yard at Albany for the sale of lum- ber in the rough, and this, the Northwestern Lumberman says, gives them, with their Ot- tawa mills, the necessary facilities for con- verting the standing timber into all the va- rieties of manufactured lumber required for the builder's use, and placing it directly in the consumer's hands, without the interfer- ence of middlemen. The Burlington firm is known as Bronsons, Weston, Dunham & Co. Mr. Bronson married, on November 5th, 1840, Editha E. Pierce, of Bolton, N. Y., and has had four children. Gertrude, the only daughter, is the wife of Levi Crannell, confidential clerk for Bronsons & Weston. The sons are Erskine Henry, Frank P., and Walter G. The family are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Bronson, like another great prince of business men, Sir Hugh Allan, has not cared for political life, and held himself aloof from parties, but he has been connected with several benevolent institutions and business enterprises. He likewise is president of the board of mana- gers of the Ottawa Ladies' College. If his business career has been marked by great ability, by enterprise, by honour, and by great achievement, his private and social re- lations have won for him everywhere good will and the highest regard. To men like Henry Franklin Bronson, Canada, and in particular the business life of her capital, must ever remain in debt. MacXab. Hon. Sir Allan, Baronet, of Dundurn, Hamilton, was born at Niag- ara, on the 19th of February, 1798. His grandfather, Major Robert MacNab, of the 42nd regiment, or "Black Watch," held the post of Royal Forester in Scotland, and resided on a small estate called Dundurn, at the head of Loch Hearn, Perthshire, Scot- land. His father, Lieutenant Allan Mac- Nab, entered the army in Her Majesty's 71st regiment, and was subsequently pro- moted to a Dragoon regiment. He was attached to the staff of General Simcoe dur- ing the American revolutionary war, and after the close of that war, he accompanied General Simcoe to Canada, and settled in the western part of the province. His wife was the youngest daughter of Captain Wil- liam Napier, commissioner of the port of Quebec, who was the mother of the subject of our sketch. When Allan was a lad going to school, Toronto was attacked by the Americans; and full of a desire at this early time of life to do something for the Crown, he was, at his own earnest request, put on board Sir James Yeo's ship, where he was rated as a midshipman. This ship showed herself at Sackett's harbour, Genesee CANADIAN BIO GRAPH!. 349 and other places, on the American side of the lake. He left the navy, where promo- tion was slow, and joined the 100th regi- ment under Colonel Murray, and was pre- sent when the Niagara frontier was re-occu- pied. The plucky lad also was to the front with the advanced guard at the taking of Fort Niagara ; and for his miniature hero- ism in the storming he was made ensign in the 49th regiment. After the campaign was ended MacNab formed his regiment in Montreal, and shortly afterwards marched to the attack of Plattsburg. In this engage- ment he had the honour of commanding the advanced guard at the Sarnac bridge. In 1817, after the reduction of the army he began the study of law, and was called to the bar in 1825. He was some time later made Queen's counsel, the first appointment of the kind in Upper Canada. In 1829, he began his long and very useful public career by being elected, with the Honourable John Wilson, to represent the County of Went- worth. Having served for the county in three parliaments, he was returned for Ham- ilton, defeating Mr. Harrison, the govern- ment nominee. His opponents in successive elections thereafter till his retirement were Messrs. Tiffany, Freeman and Buchanan. Sir Allan rendered some important service to the Crown, and these services the Crown recognized, and thereafter his zeal for the mother country was most conspicuous. It was displayed in the cutting out of the Caroline steamer, which his men set on fire and turned loose to go over the Niagara falls. When MacKenzie and his followers rose in rebellion in 1837, Allan MacNab promptly marshalled the "Men of Gore," and made straightway to Toronto, where he united with Sir Francis Bond Head in attacking the unorganized rebels in the barn at Gallows Hill. Sir Allan was ap- pointed speaker of the first Parliament under the Union, and in this capacity was most serviceable as a politician. He became prime minister in 1854, but his rule was not destined to be of great duration. During his administration the Clergy Reserves ques- tion was set at rest, the Reciprocity Act passed, Seigniorial Tenure abolished, and the Militia Act adopted. Sir Allan was knight- ed in 1838 ; and. he retired from the office of premier in 1856. Towards the latter por- tion of his parliamentary career, he was stricken with gout, and his last appearance in the House of Assembly was when he was borne in there by two stout serving men, swathed in flannels, to make a sort of apolo- gia pro vita stia-to explain his conduct, and briefly to refer to his career and his ser- vices to his country-for his party, with Mr. John A. Macdonald at its head, had decid- ed to drop him overboard. In October, 1857, he retired from public life in Canada and went to England, that he might be neay the Crown of which he had become so enam- ored. He believed that Englishmen had not forgotten that he had destroyed the Caroline; and therefore he entered the field against Admiral Pechel, for the repre- sentation of the town of Brighton, England. It need not be recorded that he was beaten. In 1860, he returned again to Canada, and was appointed to the Legislative Council, where he remained till an attack of sickness carried him away. Sir Allan MacNab mar- ried in 1821, Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel Brooke, by whom he had a son and a daugh- ter. This lady died. He again married, in 1831, Mary, eldest daughter of Sheriff Stuart, of the Johnstown district, by whom he had two daughters. One of these married Viscount Bury, M.P., eldest son of the Earl of Albermarle, and the other a son of Sir Dominick Daly. He was a man of high per- sonal character, and in official life he would scorn to do that which might make a gentle- man in private life ashamed. He was a sincere lover of his country, and an able politician, though sometimes inflexible when it was in- expedient to bend ; but taken altogether his name is a very bright one in the pages of Canadian history. Trow, James, M.P. for South Perth, Ontario, Opposition Whip in the House of Commons, was born at Newtown, Mont- gomeryshire, North Wales, in a house on the banks of the Severn river, on the 16th December, 1827. His parents were Thomas and Mary Trow, both of Newtown. Young Trow did not receive any education at the hands of masters, save what he received at the Welchpool common school, and sub- sequently at Liverpool, England. But a youth of his energy and wholesome ambi- tion was not likely to stop upon the thresh- old of intellectual pursuit, and after his school days at Liverpool came to an end, we find him industriously pursuing all the English branches during his spare hours. How far successful he was with his own am- bition and industry for tutors, it is hardly necessary to tell those who have become fa- miliar with his career as a politician and as a writer. James Trow's father, it appears, had emigrated to America, and thither the son followed some time afterwards. He does not appear to have been much impressed by what he saw in the United States, and thus 350 A CYCLOPEDIA OF it was that he came to think about seeking his fortune in one of the Crown colonies. He came to Ontario, and settled in the County of Perth, where he obtained a school, which he taught for seven years, with the same success that has marked his career ever since. During this time, owing to fru- gal habits, he laid by a considerable sum of money, which, by judicious investment, soon began to bring to him a liberal return. Mr. Trow was not by any means shut up within himself, or concerned merely in ad- vancing personal objects ; but he began to take a generous and active interest in im- portant public questions and enterprises. In 1857, he organised a company of volunteers in Shakespeare, employing drill instructors at his own expense. Of this company, it need hardly be added, he was captain. In the municipal affairs of North Easthope, at a very early period he began to take an in- terest. A man of his energy, business ca- pacity, and intelligence, would be certain to come to the front in any community ; hence we look with interest upon his record at Easthope. He was assessor of the township for two years, township clerk for ten years, and reeve for twenty-one consecutive years. For no less a period than twenty years has he been warden of the County of Perth, and chairman of the finance commit- tee. He is likewise a High School trustee, and has taken that interest in education, which is only to be expected of a man who is himself cultured, and able to appreciate the benefits to be conferred by our schools. He is now vice-president of the Perth Mu- tual Insurance Company, vice-president of the British Mortgage and Loan Company of Stratford, and a director of the Ontario Mu- tual Life Assurance Company of Berlin. With respect to his political career proper, we may say that Mr. Trow sat for South Perth in the Legislative Assembly from 1867 to 1871. In the latter year he was defeated; but in 1872 he was elected to the House of Commons for the same riding. He was re- elected (by acclamation) in 1874, and again in 1878, and at the last general election. He at once took an enviable and an endur- ing place in the House of Commons. This was not achieved through any striking ora- torical brilliancy, but the young member was found to possess sound understanding, ready and accurate insight into public ques- tions and parliamentary business, and, not least, excellent temper and moderation. Mr. Trow was chairman, during five sessions of parliament, of the Immigration and Coloni- zation Committee, involving great and oner- ous duties, and he has been whip for the Liberal party for ten years. He has always been a consistent and prominent member of the Reform party, yet it is extremely doubtful if there is a man upon the minis- terial side of the House who is not his friend. To be popular, as Mr. Trow is pop- ular, and at the same time be true to a party's cause, as he is true, is indeed one of the most difficult matters within the scope of this writer's imagination. Mr. Trow has travelled more extensively through Mani- toba and the North-West territories prob- ably than any other member of the House of Commons, having spent several months each season, for six summers, in these re- gions. Making careful observations, he published the results, and so valuable were his contributions, that the Dominion admin- istration, his political opponents, put the matter in pamphlet form and distributed eighty thousand copies for the encourage- ment of immigration. Sir Charles Tupper and Hon. J. H. Pope, Minister of Agricul- ture, have both acknowledged in the House of Commons that there is no man who has done as much by his writings as Mr. Trow to open up the country and give to intending emigrants reliable and accurate information respecting the soil, climate, and natural re- sources of the Dominion. Mr. Trow has also travelled through every province of the Dominion, and written graphic descriptions of the places he visited ; and, in company with his family, visited, a few years ago, England and Wales, Scotland, France. Ger- many and Belgium. He wrote a series of most readable and graphic letters on the Franco-Prussian war, after having made examination of the various battle-fields. These letters were extensively reproduced in the Canadian press. In 1847, Mr. Trow married Mary Moore, of Blenheim, Oxford county, and has issue five children, four sons and one daughter. His business now is that of banker, broker, conveyancer, and real estate valuator. He has striven in the right way, and he has achieved. His career is well worthy the emulation of any young Canadian. Fraser, William Hugh, Dominion Appraiser, Customs department, Ottawa, was born on December 17th, 1826, at St. An- drews, Fifeshire, Scotland. Hugh Fraser, of Inverness, Scotland, a member of the Lovat branch of the Clan Fraser, was his grand- father. His father was William Fraser, and his mother Anne Anderson. William Hugh Fraser was educated at Madras College, St. Andrews, and completed his course under CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 351 the tutorship of Rev. John Arthurs, Helens- borough, Dumbartonshire. After leaving school he served an apprenticeship of seven years to the dry goods business, and after- wards held the position of buyer in several large houses in Great Britain. In 1853 he emigrated to Canada, and shortly after his arrival settled in Hamilton, where he re- sided for a number of years, and carried on the same business as he had done while in the mother country. Being a man of pub- lic spirit, he took an active part in local affairs, and has the honour of having been one of the original members of No. 2 com- pany, Hamilton volunteers. From 1858 to 1870, Mr. Fraser filled the position of mana- ger in a large house in the United States, and was senior member of the firm of Fraser & Newcomb, New Haven, Connecti- cut. He returned to Canada in 1870, and engaged in the commission business in the City of Toronto. In 1871 he organized the Manufacturers' Association of Ontario, and acted as its secretary from 1871 until 1879, when he resigned the position. He also organized the Elora Carpet Company, and was one of its first directors. In 1876, Mr. Fraser was appointed secretary to the Ad- visory Board of the Centennial Exhibition, held in Philadelphia that year. In 1879 he was appointed Dominion Appraiser of Cus- toms, where his extensive and accurate knowledge of the business over which he was called upon to preside makes him an invaluable officer. Mr. Fraser joined the Masonic fraternity, in 1863 ; was made a masterjmason, in Oriental lodge, Utica, N.Y.; received the degrees of chapter and council, and was also created Knight Templar in New Haven, commandery No. 2, New Haven, Connecticut. He is a member of the Grand Lodge of Canada, and received the rank of past grand registrar from that body, in recognition of his services during the dis- pute in connection with the secession of the Grand Lodge of Quebec. He was a repre- sentative of the Grand Lodge of Wisconsin, to the Grand Lodge of Canada, until 1884. He is an honorary member of St. John's commandery, Philadelphia. Mr. Fraser took an active part in the political cam- paign of 1878, in the Conservative interest. He has travelled through England, Ireland, Scotland, the United States and Canada. In religion he was a member of the Congre- gational church till 1879 ; but at present is a member of the Presbyterian church. In 1856 he married Jane, youngest daughter of the late Rev. James Middleton. She died. In 1865 he married Maggie Sophia Webster, second daughter of the late James Webster, of Hamilton. Issue by first mar- riage, two daughters ; and by the latter, one daughter. Winchester, John, Toronto, by rea- son of his integrity, perseverance and suc- cess, is taken as the subject of this sketch. He was born in the town of Elgin, Scotland, on the 27 th August, 1849. His parents were John Winchester and Isabella Hossack. The couple came to Canada from Scotland when they were young, and settled in Toronto. Mr. Winchester, senr., for some time after his arrival, worked as a shoemaker, but be- coming tired of this trade he betook himself to gardening, in which he was fairly success- ful. Mrs. Winchester died about 1875 and her husband in 1877. A family of four'sons were left. John, the subject of this sketch, was sent to the Public school, where he re- ceived a scholarship from the trustees, and then entered the Grammar school. Having completed his studies, he entered upon a course of law in the office of George Morphy, who is still practising. In 1871 he was ad- mitted to the bar, and in the same year joined Mr. Morphy in partnership, the firm becoming known as Morphy & Winchester. Mr. Winchester s business increased to such an extent that he was obliged, in 1880, to devote himself specially to it, and the part- nership was dissolved. He then opened an office for himself on King street, Toronto; but in 1882, on being appointed registrar of the Queen's Bench division of the High Court of Justice, he gave it up. In May, 1883, the government finding it necessary to appoint an Inspector of sheriffs' and other county offices under government control, chose Mr. Winchester for the position, and he thereupon resigned his former office. In March of 1884, at the request of the chief justices of the three divisions of the High Court, the government appointed him an Official Referee of the High Court, and both these offices he now holds. In 1868 our sub- ject entered the Military School at Toronto, and received his certificate in the same year. W hen St. Stephen's ward was formed, in 1876, he was elected senior school trustee for the ward. He was elected aiderman for the same ward in 1878, and re-elected by acclamation the following year. In 1879 he was chairman of the water works committee of the City Council, and while in this posi- tion he, together with the late Mr. Brough, water works manager, made a trip through the United States, to study the method to procure pure water, and the result of this trip was the extension of the pipe into the 352 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF lake. When retiring from the council, in 1879, he was appointed trustee of the Tor- onto Collegiate Institute Board. In 1881, when the village of Brockton became incor- porated, he was selected reeve of the vil- lage ; but in 1882 he was obliged, in conse- quence of his governmental appointments, to retire from the position. Mr. Winches- ter is an elder of Chalmers Presbyterian church, Toronto, and in politics a Reformer. He was president of the St. Stephen's Ward Association for several years, and at the time of his retiring from public life, was presi- dent of the West York Beform Association. He married, in December, 1873, Mary But- ler, a daughter of the late William Butler and Hannah Butler, nee Nichols, of Co- bourg. The first three of Mr. Winchester's children were in the world while their ma- ternal great-great-grandmother still lived. She was Mrs. Stabler, of Smith township, Peterborough. Mr. Winchester has a family of seven children. His disposition is agree- able, and his bearing gentlemanly. Rose, George Maclean, senior mem- ber of the firm of Hunter, Rose & Co., print- ers, and of the Rose Publishing Company, Toronto, forms the subject of the following sketch. This gentleman being a member of the firm concerned in the publication of the "Cyclopaedia of Canadian Biography," for reasons of delicacy we refrain from giv- ing an original sketch of his career, as we do in the case of all others finding a place in the volume ; but in order that the aim of the work may be carried out, which is to give a place to those men who are truly rep- resentative Canadians, we present, without further apology, the following memoir, taken from "The Canadian Biographical Dictionary and Portrait Gallery of Eminent and Self-made Men" :-" In the interesting biography of Robert Chambers, the Edin- burgh publisher, from the loving pen of his brother William, we are told that their father had strong convictions as to the im- portance of allowing children to think and struggle for themselves. To the parental determination of many a Scottish father on this point, Scotia's sons owe much in enab- ling them successfully to battle with the world, and in many lands to achieve distinc- tion. Beginning at the bottom of Fortune's ladder, the rugged tutelage of an early and unassisted start in life has ever been the young aspirant's best incentive to ascend it. With no patrimony, save that which a self- reliant nature could win for itself, and no heritage but that of health and a fair name, the career of Scottish youth has generally had little of adventitious aid to favour it. Success most often has had to be wrested from a seemingly unwilling Divinity, whose gifts in the end rarely fail, however, of being won by conscientious persistency and tena- cious purpose. In the career of the subject of the present sketch, what we have said finds ample illustration. Born in the Royal Burgh of Wick, Caithness-shire, on the 14th of March, 1829, the unpromising surround- ings of the early life of George Maclean Rose were such as have tutored many of his countrymen to hardy endurance, and in- spired them with the national ambition to rise in life. Now at the head of the firm of Messrs. Hunter, Rose & Co., one of the largest printing and publishing houses in the Dominion, the callow beginnings, now al- most forty years ago, of Mr. Rose's appren- ticeship, in the office of the celebrated John O'Groat Journal, present a contrast as strik- ing as it is significant. The step from the one position to the other was attained at no single bound, but has been wearily reached by toilsome and assiduous labour and an unflagging will. With no pecuniary subsidy to start life upon, and with but the scant education which falls to the lot of most Scot- tish youths, our young apprentice reached his majority after passing seven years in the printing office already referred to. In 1850, he took a position in the office of the North- ern Ensign, a Reform journal just then started by Mr. John Mackie, a leading tem- perance advocate and political writer of North Britain, who had, during the full period of Mr. Rose's apprenticeship, acted as editor of the John O'Groat Journal. Here he only remained for about a year, as his father, Mr. Donald Rose, conceiving the purpose of emigrating to Canada, was about to leave Scotland to come hither, and de- sired the subject of our sketch to join the family in their resolve to set out for the New World. Reluctantly consenting, Mr. G. M. Rose joined the party, and bade farewell to the companions of his childhood, and especially to his friend Mr. Mackie, for whom he had the warmest affection, and whose teaching, Mr. Rose gratefully ac- knowledges, powerfully influenced him in his after-life. Taking ship, the Empress of Banff, at Scrabster Roads, Thurso, the fam- ily set sail for America, and after a passage of over six weeks, arrived at Quebec, whence they proceeded to Montreal, where they were met by Mr. Rose's elder brother, Henry, who had come to Canada in 1848. In these early days, employment was scarce in the colony, and after eagerly searching CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 353 for it for about two weeks, and having mean- while nearly exhausted the small store of money he had when he landed, Mr. Rose ultimately found work in the office of Mr. John C. Becket, who was then publishing the Montreal Witness, the Canadian Tem- perance Advocate, and other semi-religious papers. After working for Mr. Becket for some months, he was engaged by Mr. George Matthews, the engraver, to number and prepare for signature the first issue in Canada of the Bank of Montreal notes, just then being printed by him. After some months, Mr. Rose, though conscious of the responsibility of the work entrusted to him, did not find it congenial to his tastes ; he therefore resigned his position, and again entered the office of Mr. J. C. Becket,where he remained for some months longer. At this time (1853) his father died, leaving in his charge his mother, two sisters, and two brothers, both of whom, with one of his sisters, being younger than himself. After meeting the expenses of his father's funeral, Mr. Rose found that he had very little money left of his slender savings ; but, with characteristic determination, he resolved to make the most of what remained. With this end in view, he formed a partnership with his brother Henry, under the firm name of ' H. and G. M. Rose,' Book and Job Printers. Their capital being small, their establishment was of corresponding extent. But they were industrious, and suc- ceeded in a modest measure in obtaining bus- iness. In the beginning of 1856, the bro- thers dissolved partnership, and George, am- bitious of more rapidly making his way in the world, directed his steps to the western province. Shortly after this we find him in the village of Merrickville, assisting Mr. John Muir to establish the Merrickville Chronicle. After a brief interval, he re- moved to London, and took charge there of Mr. H. Newcomb's printing office, aposition he occupied until he was induced by Mr. Hamilton Hunter to join him in the publica- tion of The Atlas-the firm being known as that of ' Hunter & Rose.' The hard times of 1857 just then coming on, it was deemed ad- visable to discontinue The Atlas until busi- ness revived, awaiting which he was offered, by the late Mr. Marcus Talbot, VI.P. for East Middlesex, the position of city editor and reporter on the London Prototype, which he accepted, and held until the following year, when he was pressed by Messrs. George Sheppard and Daniel Morrison to join them in Toronto on The Colonist news- paper. Mr. Rose now removed to the pres- ent provincial capital, but instead of coming to terms with those well-known journalists, he accepted in preference the position of manager of the printing office of Mr. Samuel Thompson, for whom he published, during the period of its existence, the Toronto At- las. This journal was started to take the place of The Colonist, which had begun to oppose the government of the day, leading off in opposition with the striking and long- remembered article, ' Whither are we Drifting ?' Mr. Thompson having obtained the printing contract for the Legislative As- sembly and Legislative Council of Canada, it became necessary, on the removal of the Government to Quebec, to establish a par- liamentary printing office in that city. To take the practical management of this office Mr. Rose was chosen, and in the fall of 1859, he removed to the ancient capital. About a year after this Mr. Thompson, unfortun- ately, found himself in financial difficulties, and was compelled to make new arrange- ments for the prosecution of his business. This necessitated the formation of a com- pany, with Mr. Robert Hunter, an experi- enced accountant, and Mr G. M. Rose, its practical head, as partners. In the follow- ing year, Mr. Thompson retired, and the business fell into the hands of the chief mem- bers of the company, Mr. Hunter and Mr. Rose, who, under the firm name of Hunter, Rose & Co., completed Mr. Thompson's five years contract, and secured its renewal for a further period in their own names. When the Government, in 1865, removed to Otta- wa, the parliamentary printing office neces- sarily had to follow. To that city the plant and business were transferred, and with them Mr. Rose, who now became a citizen of the new capital. While at Ottawa, Confedera- tion was accomplished, and the business of Mr. Rose's firm was largely augmented. A year later, and after the formation of the provincial legislatures, the late Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald, finding himself in dif- ficulty with the government printers he had contracted with in Toronto, arranged with Mr. Rose's firm to open a branch at the seat of the Local Legislature, which they did in 1868, having received a ten years lease of the parliamentary printing. To take charge of this Toronto establishment, Mr. Hunter removed to the provincial capital-Mr. Rose remaining at Ottawa until the contract with the Dominion Parliament, in 1871, was completed. At its expiry, Mr. Rose then made Toronto his residence ; his firm con- solidating their business at that city. At this time, with commendable ambition, Mr. 354 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Rose's firm entered upon a branch of com- mercial enterprise, in the publication of Canadian reprints of English copyright works, which for many years laid the read- ing public of the Dominion under great ob- ligations to the house of Hunter, Rose & Co. These reprints consisted principally of works of fiction from the pens of the not- able novelists of the day, among whom were Wilkie Collins, Charles Reade, Lord Lytton, and a number of writers of lesser note. The republication of these popular works of the time was spiritedly and intelli- gently made for a number of years-their authors receiving handsome recognition of their labours by the enterprising firm issuing their works. The undertaking, while enabling the publishers to do an in- tellectual service to the reading community of the country, and to honourably recom- pense the English authors whose books were reproduced, was very helpful in stimulating the nascent printing and publishing indus- tries of Canada, which, though without otherwise bearing much fruit, proved the practicability, under favourable legislation, of Canadian publishing houses supplying their own book market. In these enter- prises of the firm, Mr. Rose's practical skill and good taste were of much service in the mechanical manufacture of the issues of the house, which to-day easily leads, in the ar- tistic character of its book-making, and the facilities with which work is turned out, the trade of the country. The connection, for many years as printers and now as owners and publishers, with our national magazine, The Canadian Monthly, testified to the public-spirited character of Mr. Rose's firm, and to the liberal encouragement which it has always given to Canadian literature and its dissemination among the people. In 1877, Mr. Robert Hunter, for sixteen years Mr. Rose's partner in his business opera- tions, died, leaving him the sole member of the firm, which, since 1860, had industriously and successfully toiled on the weary road to fame and fortune. A year later, he took into partnership with him a younger brother, of large experience also as a printer, and the two now compose the firm which has been so long and favourably known as Hunter, Rose & Co. So far, we have only dealt with Mr. Rose as a man of business. Let us now, before closing, say a brief word or two with regard to the distinguishing traits of his character which have marked his public and social life. Although for many years in- dustriously occupied in building up a pros- perous and important business, he has found time to take an active and prominent part in schemes tending to elevate his fellow-men, and to benefit the communities among whom his lot has been cast. In this respect, he has loyally followed in the footsteps of his early friend, Mr. Mackie, of Wick, whose devotion to the interests of humanity and brotherhood, in the home of his childhood, made so powerful and lasting an impression on his youthful mind. The chief sphere of his active philanthropy and self-sacrificing interest has been that of the temperance lodge-room ; and many and varied are the organizations, in the cities of which he has been a resident, which have had the benefit of his sage counsel, and felt the inspiriting effect of his intelligent, practical zeal. At an early age circumstances led him to take the total abstinence pledge, and when he came to Canada, ten years later, he eagerly joined the working army of his warmly-espoused cause, the Sons of Temperance, and has ever since occupied a prominent position in the brotherhood. While a resident of the Prov- ince of Quebec, he was elected to the high- est position in the gift of the Order, and when leaving the ancient capital, the frater- nity presented him with a handsome gold medal as an acknowledgment of the work he had done in their interest. Since he came to Ontario, he has filled, for a double term, the office of the head of the Order, and was presented on his retirement with an elegant and costly piece of plate. At Ottawa he was also the recipient of a gold medal for ser- vices rendered to the temperance cause ; and from an Orange lodge in Quebec he re- ceived another gold medal for his champion- ship of Protestantism. Devoting himself so earnestly, as he has done, to the cause of temperance, he has escaped in great mea- sure the seductive wiles of political life ; but he has ever taken a lively interest in questions of political government, though subordinating his party predilections to loyal interest in the cause he has had most at heart. When questioned as to what are his political principles, he has always replied by saying that he is a ' Reformer of the Reformers,' and that, as a Prohibitionist, his fealty would be given to the party who would pass enactments in suppression of the liquor traffic. In religion, Mr. Rose styles himself a Liberal-Christian, and is an active member and office-bearer in the First Uni- tarian Church of Toronto. In early years he was connected with the Congregational body, but feeling restive under the doctrinal beliefs of that church, he joined the Uni- tarian communion, under Rev. Dr. John CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 355 Cordner, at Montreal, and has since re- mained in that denomination. Mr. Rose was married, in 1856, to Margaret C. J. L. Manson, daughter of the late Mr. William Manson, farmer, Oxford county, and the union has been blessed with a family of ten children, nine of whom are alive-six sons and three daughters. In personal appear- ance, Mr. Rose is of medium stature. He has a robust frame, a ruddy, pleasing coun- tenance, and a manner urbane and kindly. Besides the distinguishing accent of his homely Scottish speech, he possesses many of the racial characteristics of his country. Of much natural penetration and sagacity, his progress through life has dowered him with a shrewd, practical knowledge of the world, and given him an intimate acquaint- ance with his fellow-men. With a conscien- tious sense of his obligations as a citizen, he is easily influenced by appeals to his sym- pathy and to his purse. If he has a fault at all it lies in the direction of being over- swayed by his heart ; but he can be stern to those who forget the necessity of ' living well and worthily.' Usually of quiet and unassuming address, he is capable, on occa- sion, of firing into vehement outbursts on behalf of his favourite topic-abstinence. In this cause he has been a life-long and worthy champion, and for his services in its behalf, if in nothing elsq, he deserves well of his kind." We may add that three of Mr. Rose's sons, Dan. A., William M., and George M., are connected with the firm. It may truly be said that the impetus which the house has acquired as a purveyor to the News companies and Railway lines, as well as in its general publishing concerns, has been in no small measure due to the popu- larity and the active and excellent business capacity of Dan. A. Rose, manager of the publishing department. William M., a very competent young gentleman, is head book-keeper of the firm, and is assisted by his brother, George M. Woodcock, Ralph Alexander, Ingersoll, Ontario, was born at Cheshire, England, on the 26th April, 1826, His par- ents were William Woodcock and Susannah Peers. His father was a farmer, and died in 1826, leaving two children, Ralph Alexander, being the youngest. The latter received a common school education, and when he reached his eighteenth year, entered the establishment of W. C. McLeod, of Wood- stock, with the object of mastering the mer- cantile business. After serving four years with this firm, he returned to England, where he remained for a year, and again came to Canada, and settled in the town of Ingersoll, Ontario, where he engaged him- self as a clerk with D. Phelan. In 1853, five years later, he moved to the town of Woodstock, where he commenced a dry goods business, on Dundas street, and con- tinued in the same for seven years. In 1860, he sold out and returned to Ingersoll, where he has resided ever since. Mr. Wood- cock was one of the first lieutenants of the first company ever organized in the County of Oxford, and he acted as an officer in the militia till 1860, when he retired. In 1862, in consideration of his high character, wide popularity, and general fitness he was ap- pointed town clerk. In 1867, the year of the coal oil excitement, he was secretary of the Ingersoll Petroleum and Mining Com- pany, of Bothwell, which afterwards re- moved its office to Petrolia. He sold out his interest in this company in 1870. Mr. Woodcock is a Freemason, and has held several offices. He is an adherent of the Church of England. He married in 1855, Catherine M., daughter of Patrick Phelan, of Abbyleix, Queen's county, Ireland, and has two children. One of these, Elizabeth, is the wife of Dr. Harcourt, of Chicago, Ill. Muir, Thomas McComb, Manager of the Ontario Car and Foundry Works, Lon- don, was born at Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 8th February, 1839. When Mr. Muir was in his eleventh year, the family removed to Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire, but his education was continued for a time longer at the Kilmarnock academy. His brothers, W. K. Muir and James H. Muir, both of whom now reside in Detroit, Michi- gan, were then in Glasgow, as assistant man- ager and cashier respectively in the Glasgow and South-Western Railway. Our subject, likewise removed to Glasgow, and here be- gan a business career by entering as clerk in the large manufacturing firm of J. & R. Cochrane. In 1854 he came to whither his brother, W. K., had already gone the year before, to take the superin- tendency of the Great Western Railway at Hamilton. Upon arriving he at once entered this great concern as an official in the audit office. He remained in the service of the Great Western for fourteen years, and during this period his course was steadily upward, for he was possessed of reliable and prac- tical business instincts, and soon attained the position of accountant and auditor ; but at the expiration of the period named, a number of his friends pressed upon him to accept the accountantship of the Gore Bank, at Hamilton, which he did, resigning his 356 A CYCLOPAEDIA 01 railway connection. In 1869 the business of the Gore Bank was absorbed by the Bank of Commerce, upon which Mr. Muir re- moved to Detroit, where he connected him- self with several large manufacturing and saw-mill interests until 1871, when he again returned to Canada, as manager of the On- tario Car Works, which position he con- tinues to hold. Notwithstanding his oner- ous business duties while at Hamilton, in Detroit, and now in London, Mr. Muir has always and everywhere been actively asso- ciated in Christian work, both in the Y. M. C. A., and in Sabbath-schools. When leav- ing Hamilton, in 1869, he was made the recipient of addresses and handsome testi- monials from the Y. M. C. A., and Sabbath- school teachers of the Central Presbyterian church. Although a Reformer in politics, he never took any very active part in the elections or party altercations, and only held one municipal office, that of deputy reeve, of London east, while that was an incor- porated town. Mr. Muir married while at Hamilton, in November, 1862, Mary Col- cleugh, daughter of Captain William Col- cleugh, long and favourably known in con- nection with the mail line service on Lake Ontario. His wife died in London, 1st of February, 1881, leaving five children, two daughters and three sons, yet surviving. Phillips, Frederick, Toronto, was born in Twillingate, Newfoundland, in 1843. His father was born in Somersetshire, Eng- land, and settled in Twillingate, in the north of Newfoundland, at the time when a con- siderable part of the island was held by the French. This was about the year 1812, the date of the war between the United States and Britain. In 1822 he married Elizabeth Cooper, daughter of John Cooper, one of the leading business men of Twillingate. Here, like the rest of the inhabitants, Mr. Phillips became what is known as a "planter." In 1872, he retired from business and went to Toronto, Ontario, and died in 1882, leav- ing a family of nine children. Frederick, whose career we are sketching, was the third youngest. He received his earlier educa- tion in the common schools, but completed his course at the University of Toronto. When young he had a passionate yearning for the sea, and studied navigation. After spending some ten years as a sailor, he came to Toronto and, having abandoned the sea, he learned the trade of carpenter and builder. In 1870, he began business on his own account, and has carried on, as a contractor and builder, ever since with very marked success. Mr. Phillips has been since 1870 a member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, and is a past grand of Canada lodge, No. 49, Toronto. He also belongs to the Freemasons, and is a member of St. Andrew's lodge, No. 16, Toronto. Mr. Philips has travelled throughout nearly all Canada, including Labrador. He has visited nearly every state of the American union, and also England, Scotland and France. His religious views may be described as those held by the Congregationalists, and his politics are those of unflinching and pro- gressive reform. He married, in 1870, Mary, daughter of the late John Knight, formerly of St. John's, Newfoundland, but latterly of Toronto, and one of the oldest and best known Newfoundland families. Mrs. Phil- lips' great-grandfather fought under General Wolfe, at the taking of Quebec. The subject of our sketch, it may be remarked, comes of a military family, his grandfather having served under Wellington at Waterloo. Selwyn, Alfred Richard Cecil, LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., Director of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada, was born in England, in 1824. Our distinguished subject is the youngest son of the Reverend Townshend Selwyn, canon of Gloucester cathedral. His mother was the daughter of Lord George Murray, bishop of St. David's, and grand-daughter of John, fourth Duke of Athol. He re- ceived private tuition at home, after which he was sent to Switzerland, where he com- pleted his education. In 1845, being now distinguished for his attainments in geo- logical science, he was appointed assistant geologist on the geological survey of Great Britain. His excellent abilities attracted attention among distinguished practical geo- logists, and in 1852, Mr. Selwyn was ap- pointed by the secretary of state for the colonies, on the recommendation of Sir T. De La Bache, the director of the survey, to undertake the geological survey of the col- ony of Victoria, Australia. Previous to 1854 much interest was aroused respecting the coal beds and gold-fields in Tasmania, and the government of that colony cast about it for a practical scientist, who could give definite information upon the question. There was no difficulty in concluding that Mr. Selwyn was just the person, could his services be secured. Asking him if he would undertake the enterprise, he consented, and he at once set at work to make examina- tions through Tasmania. His reports were in the highest degree satisfactory. In 1859 the government of South Australia invited him to do it a similar service, and he con- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 357 sented, with similar satisfactory results. In 1856 he was appointed one of the commis- sioners of mines, for Victoria ; and in 1858 he was made a member of the Science and Prospecting Board. He was likewise, in 1861 appointed a commissioner for the Victoria International Exhibition. In Australia, Dr. Selwyn was held in the highest possible regard by the govern- ment ; while the whole colony was ready to express its obligations for his services, He was a member of the Government Ten- der Board, and a member of the councils of the Board of Agriculture of the Royal So- ciety, and of the Acclimatization Society up to 1869. In the latter year he resigned, and left Australia for Canada to succeed the late Sir William E. Logan, in the superin- tendence of the geological survey of the Dominion of Canada. In Canada, Dr. Selwyn placed the public under the same obligations as the people of Australia had been under. Sir William Logan had been a constant and painstaking worker, but since Dr. Selwyn's coming, the work of the geological survey has widened, and grown more arduous. Year by year, through careful consideration, the director is reduc- ing the great and important work under his control to a system. Where everything had to be begun-where the material of which the staff operating in the various provinces was in the nature of things raw-the work of disciplining and perfecting has been very great. Add to this fact that in later years agriculture and settlement are coming to be conducted somewhat under the light of geo- logical teaching, and this has brought what some short-sighted persons have been in the habit of regarding as an abstruse science into the region of practical, every day, utility. This then has added to the labours and the importance of Dr. Selwyn's de- partment. It is gratifying for Canadians to be able to find that work so important, of such importance in actual achievement, and of such moment in promise, is in such competent and distinguished hands. Harper, Major, Police Magistrate of Whitby, was born in the town of Whitby, Ontario, on the 1st of November, 1835. His father, Walter Harper, was a native of Corn- wall, and his mother a native of Devonshire, England. Mr. Harper, senior, died in 1848, leaving the subject of this sketch utterly dependent upon his own exertions. Major Harper received his education in the town of Whitby, and the chief am- bition of his young life, was to become a member of the legal profession ; but for- tune, as we have seen, had not been kind, and he was obliged to take a course other than that dictated by his inclinations. He therefore began to work on a farm, but after a time he found this vocation did not suit him, and he gave it up and learned the trade of carpenter and builder. In this trade he succeeded, and in a short time he became an expert machinist, and to-day may be reckoned one of the cleverest in the Dominion. But his close, and we might say, loving pursuit of his chosen trade, did not hinder him from taking an interest in certain public questions. A man of careful and comprehensive observa- tion, the people of Whitby became desirous of having his services in their municipal council ; therefore, in 1868, they elected him town councillor, and re-elected him to the same position for five successive years. He was then elected mayor, and held that of- fice for a period of two years. Whilst mayor, he was appointed police magistrate of the town, and holds that office still. He joined the Masonic order in 1867, and the Odd- fellows in 1872. In politics he has always given his support in the cause of Reform, believing that the principles professed by that party, would, if carried into effect, prove best for the interests of our country. He married on November 4, 1856, Emeline Pierson, whose father was one of the earliest settlers in Northumberland county. Smith, James K.., M. A., Galt, Ontario, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, on the 11th April, 1827. His father, Alexander Smith, was a successful and highly respect- ed merchant, and burgess of Aberdeen, and his mother was Ann Johnston. There were four sons, all of whom entered the ministry of the Church of Scotland. John, after a brilliant course at college and in theology, died ere taking license. Another, William, after a distinguished course at college, was minister of a congregation in the Church of Scotland for several years in Blairgowrie, Scotland, where he was as- sociated with the sainted R. M. McCheyne, of Dundee, and Dr. Macdonald, of Blair- gowrie. Another, Alexander, is now occu- pying a mission field in Brandon Presbytery, North-West. The fourth is the subject of this sketch. James K. Smith spent five years at the Grammar school in Aberdeen, the two last under the celebrated Latinist, Dr. Melvin. Thereafter he took the four years' course at Marischal College, Aberdeen, obtaining a scholarship of $45 (£9 stg.), at the entrance by competition, and taking the degree of A.M. at the close. He then pur- 358 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF sued medical studies with the view of following that profession, but changing his mind, took a full theological course of three years at the Free Church Divinity Hall, Aberdeen, and one year at the New College, Edinburgh, under the celebrated divines, Drs. Thomas Chalmers, William Cunning- ham, and John Duncan. Thereafter he was licensed to preach the Gospel by the pres- bytery of Aberdeen. For three months he assisted the Rev. S. O. Dods, in Maybole, Ayrshire, and received a call to the Free East Church of Forfar, which he declined, as he desired to visit his friends in Canada. In the fall of 1852 he received a call to the Free Church in Ramsay, Canada West, and was ordained to that charge in 1853. In 1856 he became pastor of the First Presby- terian church in Brockville, and remained there till 1865, when he succeeded Dr. Bayne, the father of the Free Church in Canada, and Dr. Thomson (who had re- turned to his former congregation in New York city), in the charge of Knox Church, Galt. In 1872 he became the first pastor of the newly-formed congregation of Fort Mas- sey, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, one of the leading churches, if not the leading one, in the lower provinces. Being re-called to his former church in Galt, he became for the second time (a very unusual circumstance in pastorates) pastor of that church, which has at present the largest communion roll, very nearly 1000, in the Presbyterian Church in Canada. In all his charges, his ministry has been successful, but in Ramsay, and Knox Church, Galt, especially, his labours have been crowned with remarkable mani- festations of divine power in those spiritual and lasting fruits which constitute a pas- tor's jury. During his pastorate in Brock- ville, he was clerk of the presbytery there, and held the position of superintendent of schools, succeeding the Rev. Dr. Lewis, now bishop of Kingston and Ottawa In Galt he has occupied for several years the position of chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Galt Collegiate Institute, one of the most celebrated educational institutions of the province. At the time of the Fenian raid Mr. Smith was chosen chaplain of the Galt infantry company, and accompanied them to the camp at Thorold. For the benefit of his wife's health, the season of 1870-71 was spent in San Francisco, California, on which occasion Mr. Smith visited most of the re- markable places of interest in that state. While in San Francisco he supplied the pul- pit of the First Presbyterian church of that city, fine of the largest congregations in the state of California, and was invited to be- come its pastor. Since his return to Galt, he has received several invitations from churches in the cities of Canada and the United States, but has elected to remain with his people. On October 20th, 1857, he married Christina, fifth daughter of James Cumming, Esq., of Williamstown, Glen- garry. The issue of this union is four chil- dren. The eldest son, James Cumming, who passed through University College and Knox College with honours, is now tem- porarily supplying the Presbyterian church at Newmarket, Ontario. The Rev. James K. Smith is a man of singular zeal ; he is untiring in his work, and one of the ablest preachers in the denomination. The record given speaks emphatically of the approval with which his ministrations have been met by the important congregations over which he has presided. Panet, Charles Eugene, Lieuten- ant-Colonel, Deputy Minister of Militia and Defence, Ottawa, was born in Quebec, on the 17th November, 1830. He is descended from an old and prominent French Canadian family, his great-grandfather having come from France and settled in Canada more than a century ago. Col. Panet's grand- father, Jean Antoine Panet, was the first speaker in the Legislature of Lower Canada, and he held this position for twenty-three years. The father of Deputy Panet was Philip, late judge of the court of Queen's Bench, Lower Canada. He married Luce, daughter of M. Casgrain, Seigneur of La Bouteillerie, also a descendant of a very old family. Charles Eugene was educated in the Quebec Seminary, and at the Jesuit College, of Georgetown, D.C. Having completed his education, he entered upon the study of law in his native city, in the office of the Honour- able J. T. Taschereau. He applied himself diligently at his studies, receiving approba- tion for his application and mental alert- ness. He was called to the bar in 1854, and he at once began the practice of his pro- fession in Quebec ; but at the expiry of three years, he turned his attention to other matters. He was for a period of fourteen years sole coroner for the city and district of Quebec, and this was one of the largest coroner districts in Lower Canada. In mili- tary matters Colonel Panet has always taken a deep interest. He was for many years in command of the 9th Battalion, which he was instrumental in organizing. He re- tired with his rank of Lieutenant-Colonel on 23rd April, 1880. He is a member of the council of the Dominion Rifle Associ- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 359 ation, and vice-president of the Dominion Artillery Association. During the Fenian troubles of 1868, he held command of the 7th military district; and he has a first-class certificate from the Board of Examiners and from the Military School. Colonel Panet was a gentleman who had taken a deep in- terest in public affairs ; and as a recognition of his splendid abilities and his character, he was called to the Senate, on March 2nd, 1874, to represent the La Salle division. In February, 1875, he resigned the senatorship, and was appointed Deputy Minister of Mili- tia and Defence, an office for which his mili- tary enthusiasm and his excellent abilities, singularly fitted him. Since assuming the deputyship, he has given the most unquali- fied satisfaction to the public and to the government. Colonel Panet married a daughter of Felix Lussier, of Varennes, in 1855; and she died in 1859 leaving two children. In 1862, he married a daughter of R. W. Harwood, of the parish of Vau- dreuil, Montreal district, and she died in 1878 leaving eight children. In 1880 he married a daughter of Mr. Jos. Lefevre de Bellefeuille, Seignor of St. Eustache, by whom he has had two children. Young, Rev. Joseph, Belleville, was born in the township of Augusta, in the County of Grenville, Ontario, on the 23rd December, 1843. His parents were William and Sylva Pike, and they were both born in Canada. His grandparents, on both sides, were born in the New England States. At an early age he was sent to the common school in the neighbourhood, where he re- mained until his seventeenth year. Among his early teachers was Wm. A. Whitney, M.A., for many years past the principal of the Iroquois High school. When nearly seventeen he was sent (September, 1860), to Albert College, then known as Belleville Seminary. The next seven years of his life were spent at this institution, and in teach- ing school in the counties of Hastings and Grenville. In the spring of 1867, he was re- ceived as a candidate in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was sent as junior minister to Milford circuit, Prince Edward county, where he remained for two years. His next field of labour was Aults- ville circuit, in the County of Stormont, where he remained for two years, and then was stationed in the village of Lyn, near Brookville. At the expiration of two years he was appointed to the City of Ottawa, and took charge of the Ottawa West M. E. church. In this station he officiated for our years, and was sent next to the town of Picton, where he had charge for two years, and then was appointed to the King- ston church, which had just been opened in the spring of 1879. Here he remained for three years, organizing and building up a congregation, and succeeded in gathering a large attendance, especially at the evening services. On his departure from the City of Kingston, he was requested to take the pastorate of the Cobourg M. E. church, and accepted the position, where he laboured for two years, until the consummation of Meth- odist union. He was then reappointed by the stationing committee of the united church. His first work was, on receiving his appointment, to unite the Methodist Episcopal and Bible Christian congrega- tions. This was accomplished to the satis- faction of all parties concerned, and Mr. Young counts this as among the happiest and most successful years of his ministerial life. At the conference in June, 1885, he was stationed in the City of Belleville, as the pastor of the Methodist Tabernacle, where he is now ministering, to the full satisfaction of his congregation. He acted as secretary of the Bay of Quinte confer- ence, M. E. church, for three successive years, namely, in 1875-6-7, and was a mem- ber of all the general conferences of the Methodist Episcopal church from the time he was first eligible until the Methodist union was consummated. He was ordained deacon by Bishop Richardson, in 1869, in Ottawa, and to the office of elder two years later by the same bishop. He was con- verted on the 4th of July, 1864, and imme- diately connected himself with the M. E. church, of which his parents had been life- long members. His connection with the Methodist church from the first has been unbroken, and he was an ardent advocate of the unification of Methodism in the Do- minion of Canada. His marriage took place on the 20th of September, 1869. His wife was Margaret Anne, daughter of Daniel J. Wright, of Cressy, Prince Edward county. To estimate briefly the chief characteristics of this worthy minister, we might say that he is a faithful and zealous worker in the cause of religion and of his church, an elo- quent and effective preacher, a man of un- swerving purpose, and more than usual capacity for organization. Clark, Dr. Daniel, Superintendent of the Provincial Asylum for the Insane, To- ronto, was born in Granton, Invernesshire, Scotland, on the 29th August, 1835. His father, Alexander Clark, was a native of Morayshire, Scotland. The family came to 360 A CYCLOPEDIA 01 Canada in 1841, and took up a farm near Port Dover, Norfolk county. In 1850, Daniel set out for California, and after undergoing considerable hardships, suc- ceeded in making a considerable amount of money by placer mining. The following year he returned to Canada, and began at once to obtain an education. After attend- ing the Simcoe Grammar school for some time, he pursued classical and medical studies at Toronto, graduating from the Victoria University medical department, in 1858. He then went to Europe, and took a course of lectures at Edinburgh University, and spent some time visiting the hospitals in London and Paris, besides visiting Bel- gium, Holland and Germany. He returned to Canada in 1859, and commenced the prac- tice of his profession at Princeton, Oxford county, Ontario. In 1864 he joined the Federal armies of the Potomac and James rivers, as a surgeon volunteer, attached to the surgeon-general's department, and at the close of the war returned home. Dr Clark has been for many years a frequent contributor to our periodicals, especially to the Medical Journal, Stewart's Quarterly, the Maritime Monthly, Canada Methodist Magazine, and the Canadian Monthly. He is the author of a work entitled " Pen Photo- graphs " (published in 1873), comprising de- scriptive sketches of eminent persons, essays and scenes of travel; and also of a novel dealing with the Canadian rebellion of 1837, called " John Garth." In addition to these Dr. Clark has written, and continues to write, considerably on professional subjects. In 1872 he was chosen a member of the Medi- cal Council of Ontario, and was re-elected to the position in 1875. During the two following years he filled the Presidential chair of the council. Dr. Clark has also held the positions for several years of ex- aminer in chemistry for the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and exam- iner for two years in obstetrics and medical jurisprudence for Toronto University. In December, 1875, on the retirement of Dr. Joseph Workman, he was appointed to the responsible position which he now holds, by the government of Ontario, at the request of the Medical Council and the Medical So- cieties of this province, and results have shown the wisdom of the choice. Dr. Clark married on the 6th of November, 1859, and the fruits of the marriage were three children, all dead. As a specialist in the treatment of insanity Dr. Clark is said to have no rival among the profession in Canada. Henry, Hon. William Alexander, Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ot- tawa, was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on December 30th, 1816. He is a son of Robert N. Henry, merchant, who held a number of local offices, by Margaret, whose maiden name was Hendricken. W. A. Henry was educated at the High school at Halifax, and when his course expired he entered upon the study of law in the office of the Honourable Alexander McDougall. In 1840 he was called to the bar, and began to practice his profession at Antigonish ; but he subsequently removed to Halifax, and resumed his profession there. It is no ex- aggeration to say that Mr. Henry was a young man of great promise ; and before he was a month in practice, he was chosen to represent the County of Sydney, now Anti- gonish, in the Legislative Assembly. When he entered the house his mind was well made up respecting public questions, and his voice was heard raised in many protests against the system of irresponsible govern- ment practised in his province, and calling for a reform of the political system. He was soon recognizied as one of the foremost Liberals of his province, and though he once suffered defeat, he participated in the triumph of his party, which was likewise the triumph of the cause they had been championing in 1848. From this time on to 1867 he held his seat continuously for Antigonish, but in the last named year he was defeated because he favoured the scheme of Confederation. In the meantime he had established a very high reputation at the bar ; was elected president of the Bar So- ciety, at Halifax, and mayor of that city. In 1849, he was created a Queen's counsel, and he accepted a seat in the Executive Council in the same year. In public life, Mr. Henry was never a truckler, nor can it be be charged against him that he ever surrendered his convictions to party neces- sity. It was his shaping hand, says an authority before us, that led to measures for the protection of the fisheries, at the Gut of Canso, and other Canadian waters, from the inroads of American fishermen, that se- cured the province of Nova Scotia as com- plete a set of telegraphy as that of any part of the continent, and that in the face of great and stubborn opposition effected im- portant legal reforms. One of these, the Chancery reform measure, was adopted by the mother country ; and in 1851 appeared the first edition of the Revised Statutes of Novo Scotia. Mr. Henry had previously carried the resolution of the house under CANAD1AN BIO GRAPHS. 361 which the work was prepared, and thus, under his guidance, Nova Scotia had the honour of being the first of all the colonies of Britain to carry out the great legal im- provement. The revision of the work was so admirable as to draw from Lord Campbell, then chancellor of England, a high eulogy in the House of Lords. In 1854, the gov- ernment was re-organized, and Mr. Henry was appointed solicitor-general, which office he held till 1857, when he became provincial secretary. At this period the cry was raised that Roman catholics in' the province were not accorded the same treatment by govern- ment as the Protestants were ; and Mr. Henry, who was representing a Roman ca- tholic constituency, desiring to see justice done to all, changed sides, which was the only course open to him consistently with his duty. In the struggle which followed, the opposition was successful, and in the new administration Mr. Henry became solicitor- general. The year before he had been one of the delegates which went to England and pressed upon the Imperial government the adoption of a measure to build a railway connecting Halifax with the provinces of Lower and Upper Canada, being through New Brunswick. This idea was afterwards carried out, and the road is the Intercolon- ial. From 1857 to 1867, Mr. Henry acted with the Conservative party, and he was a persistent and able champion of the scheme of confederation, when that question became a practical one. In 1864, he attended a meeting held in Prince Edward Island, the object of which was a confederation of the Maritime provinces ; and he subsequently attended the conference held in Quebec, when a draft of the constitution was made. In 1863, for a third time he became solicitor- general, holding that position until the next year, when he became attorney-general; and this portfolio he retained till 1867, at which time the administration was handed over to the provincial local government. As one writer has put it, Air. Henry never had any- thing in common with the village statesman. He saw the immeasurable benefits, which would necessarily flow from union through a cordial linking of the scattered weak aud diverse colonies ; and he treated with just disdain the trammels of narrow minded men who saw in union nothing but the destruc- tion of their own insignificant political exis- tence. Air. Henry was in London, in 1865, in reference to the Nova Scotia and New Brunswick railway, and in the following year he represented his government at Washing- on, in discussing the continuance of the Washington treaty. He likewise was a mem- ber of the London conference, which formu- lated the plan of confederation, and was one of two members who made the original draft of the Confederation Act. But the success of the confederation scheme as we have seen, cut off Mr. Henry's politial career, and he devoted his energies anew to his pro- fession. He was offered a seat upon the Su- preme Court Bench of Nova Scotia, by both Conservate and Liberal administrations, but declined. On October 8th, 1875, he was summoned to the Supreme Court of Canada. That position he still adorns, with his un- blemished character, his integrity, and his great ability. Mr. Justice Henry has been married twice. He married first, at Nova Scotia, in 1841, Sophia Caroline, daughter of Dr. McDonald, Antigonish, she dying in 1845; and secondly, in 1850 to Christiana, daughter of Hugh McDonald, of Ehnbank, Antigonish. He has lost seven children, and has one son by his first wife living ; two sons and two daughters of the second union survive. This has been said of him, and said truly, so we reproduce it: " Socially the judge towers like a Saul. He shakes hands like a brother all the year round, and not at certain times only, like some candidates for office. His cordiality knows no ebb, it is al- ways flowing at high tide, and the Domin- ion has no truer and nobler man." Dowler, William Arthur, B.A., Tilsonburg, Ontario, was born at Manotick, near Ottawa, on the 26th of April, 1862. His father was the Rev. John Armstrong Dowler, from Carrick-on-Shannon, Ireland, and Mary, daughter of John Williams of Ottawa. Mr. Dowler arrived in Canada in 1840, settling at Huntington, in the prov- ince of Quebec, and during the first years of his residence in Canada, occupied himself as a contractor. Leaving the province of Quebec, he proceeded to Ontario, and feel- ing a call for spreading the gospel, entered the ministry of the Methodist church. Since then he has continued his ministrations in that denomination, and at the present time is stationed at Horning's Mills, Ontario. He had four children, and the gentleman who is the subject of this sketch was the second eldest. Another of the family was the Rev. W. J. Dowler, B.A., who is in charge of a congregation at Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. William Arthur Dowler received his first educational instruction at home, started to attend school when seven years old, and when eight years old took the first prize for the third book form in the town of Delta, Leeds, at the county ex- 362 A CYCLOPEDIA OF amination. When in his eleventh year he entered the High school at Perth, and after- wards studied for a term at the Iroquois High school. Matriculating in his fourteenth year he entered the University of Victoria College at Cobourg, and completed his arts course before his eighteenth birthday, grad- uating B.A. In the latter part of 1880 he entered upon the study of law in the office of Messrs. Frost & Frost, of Owen Sound. In 1883 he took the position of manager in in the office of Lazier & Dingwall, barristers, Hamilton, where he completed his course. At his second intermediate examination he took one of the scholarships ; and two weeks after his twenty-second birthday, he suc- cessfully passed his examinations for barris- ter and solicitor, standing well in both ex- minations. In 1884 he went to the town of Tilsonburg, where he began to practice at once. Already he enjoys a high reputation as a lawyer in the field of his choice. Short- ly after his arrival at Tilsonburg he received the appointment of solicitor for the Federal Bank. In politics he takes a genuine in- terest, but so far has not given his adher- ence to any party. He is likewise known to feel deeply interested in municipal affairs and in education ; and ere long he will, doubtless, be found turning his talents to account in some public position. He is a member of the Methodist church, and is un- married. Lizars, Daniel Home, Stratford, Judge of the County of Perth, Ontario, was born at the town of Renfrew, Scotland, on the 22nd February, 1822. He is a son of Daniel Lizars, of Edinburgh, Scotland, who married Robina Hutcheson. When our sub- ject was in his eleventh year the family emigrated to Canada, and settled at Gode- rich, in the County of Huron, where Mr. Daniel Lizars subsequently held the office of clerk of the peace for the county. He died in March, 1876. The family, we may state, moved from Goderich to a farm in the township of Colborne, and here our subject resided for a period. Daniel Home Lizars attended school in Edinburgh and Renfrew, in Scotland, and completed his education in Goderich (Ontario) Grammar school. His education completed, he was not long in making up his mind as to the profession for which his tasks and intellectual qualities fitted him. He entered upon the study of law in the office of John (afterwards Judge) Strachan in Goderich, where he was remark- able for his diligence. At Hilary term, in 1853, he was called to the bar, and at once began his professional career as a practi- tioner in Goderich and Stratford, in part- nership with John Strachan. The partner- ship lasted for five years, when Mr. Lizars was appointed county attorney (1858). His wide knowledge of the law, and his mastery of its principles, were well known, and when in 1864, it became known that he was sum- moned to the county bench, nobody was surprised, and one and all applauded the ap- pointment. He still retains this office. The Judge was appointed a master in chancery in 1877, and local judge of the High Court of Justice in 1882. He has a military career too to look back upon. He was a member of Captain Luard's company of volunteers at Goderich, in 1838; which company had styled itself the "bloody useless." He afterwards became lieutenant in the first battalion of the Huron militia. When Strat- ford became a town incorporate, a number of friends pressed Mr. Lizars to become a candidate for the mayoralty. He consented to run, but was defeated by Colonel J. C. W. Daly, by a very small majority. In this connection we may point out that he never has been an office seeker, and neither prac- tised nor admired the methods by which too many seek political preferment. He became a member of the Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, in 1848, and was a municipal coun- cillor for Stratford during 1856 and 1857. He married in July, 1848, Esther Long- worth, daughter of John Longworth, of Goderich. The family surviving consists of one son and two daughters. The eldest daughter is the widow of the late Mr. Justice Smith, of Manitoba. Gray, Henry Alfred, Stratford, C.E., Engineer in charge of the Public Works de- partment, Western Ontario, was born on the 21st November, 1843, at Edgbaston, near Birmingham, England. His father was Ed- mund A. Gray, for many years a prominent educationalist connected with the Anglican church. He was also an artist of considerable talent and repute, and many of his paintings were exhibited by the Society of Arts, of which he was a member. He always encouraged his son in drawing and sketching, and gave to him his first lessons in mathematical drawing. He died 7th October, 1857 ; and his wife died 24th January, 1852. The fam- ily from which Mr. Gray is descended is Scottish, and very old. His paternal grand- father was attached to the British embassy at Moscow, Russia, for a number of years. His brother was one of the firm of the orig- inal Broadwoods, piano-makers, London. Mr. Gray jr., was educated under Doctor Charles Baker, at Doncaster, Yorkshire, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 363 and at Saltley College, near Birmingham, under Canon Gover, M.A. ; and was in- tended for the ministry of the Anglican church, and at school he was remarkable for his studiousness. He showed a great inclination for the pursuit of art ; nor was he content to catch his inspiration at second hand, for he was found in those days abroad in the field, with sketch book and pencil, " at nature's own lips drinking deep." Not finding in himself a vocation for the ministry, he entered the service of the Midland Railway of England, where he served as a student, engineer, etc., under the general manager, Sir James Allport. In 1863, he terminated his connection here, and proceeded to Bombay, India, upon special service. He was stationed in the West In- dies from 1864 to 1866 ; came to Canada in 1866, and joined the staff of exploration sur- veys of the Intercolonial Railway, and acted on surveys and location till 1871, as assistant engineer. In 1871, he was appointed by the commissioners engineer in charge of the con- struction of the Nova Scotia section of the railway. In 1873, upon the completion of the road, he was appointed engineer of per- manent way, and held this charge till 1875. From 1875 to 1878, he was chief engineer of the Cape Breton Company's railways, com- pleting the narrow guage line from Sydney to Louisburg ; was also consulting engineer of the Londonderry Iron and Steel Works, Nova Scotia ; and engineer in charge of the Western Counties' Railway construction in Nova Scotia. He was appointed to the Pub- lic Works department of Canada in 1878, under Sir Charles Tupper, and transferred to the department now under Sir Hector Langevin, in 1879. Mr. Gray designed and built the large college at Memramcook, New Brunswick, and several churches and con- vents in towns where he was stationed from time to time ; and a splendid Gothic church at Truro, Nova Scotia, is the work of this extremely capable architect. In 1866, Mr. Gray became a Freemason of the Scottish rite, and held office in that association till he became a Roman Catholic. He was brought up in the Anglican church, but after leaving college, associated himself with the Swedenborgians, but never joined that body. After some years of study, he at last joined the Roman Catholic church, (May, 1857), and is now an ardent adherent to that faith, although not at all bigoted. He mar- ried Alice Lomer, second daughter of Cap- tain George Lomer, late of the Royal Irish Fusiliers, on the 20th September, 1865. Her father was officer in charge of military prisons, and died of yellow fever in 1863. This lady died in Cape Breton, on 7th Feb- ruary, 1879, leaving five children, one of whom, the second eldest, Edmund, was drowned in the same year. He married again, on the 12th May, 1880, Catherine McDonald, daughter of John McDonald, lumber merchant, Ottawa, and niece of Alex. McDonell, one of Canada's oldest contractors. There are no children by the second marriage. Mr. Gray has three sons and one daughter living ; the eldest son, ed- ucated at St. Michael's College, Toronto, is now an officer in the Bank of Hamilton. Mr. Gray has not been lost in his profession by any means, and has given much of his time and a good deal of enthusiasm towards the promotion of education and other worthy objects. He is a man of large heart and cheerful disposition, and encourages manly sports, yachting and boating, in which he himself participates. He is a lover of music and of art, and an advocate of the legitimate drama. He is always ready to assist younger members of his profession. Tytler, William, B.A.. Head Master Guelph Collegiate Institute, Ont, was born on the 5th January, 1842, in the township of Nichol, near Elora, Wellington county, Ontario. His father was William Tytler, and his mother, Jane Inglis Forbes, aunt of Archibald Forbes, the celebrated special war correspondent. Mr. Tytler pursued his ed- ucational studies in the town of Elora, at- tending the Grammar school of that place, after he had passed the primary depart- ments. A university course was planned, and he matriculated at the University of Toronto. His course here was char- acterized by industry, and he was es- pecially distinguished in the classes for sci- ence and classics. He graduated in 1862, taking the gold medal for natural sciences. Mr. Tytler has likewise something of a mili- tary record. He has been a private in the Queen's Own, Toronto University Company, and has been a member of volunteer com- panies at Carleton Place and at Smith's Falls, Lanark county. The City of Guelph was the first to take advantage of the free libra- ries act; and in 1862, a library was estab- lished there, Mr. Tytler being secretary, and chief worker in connection with that in- stitution. He married on the 23rd July, 1879, Martha C. Harrison, younger daugh- ter of Milner Harrison, of St. Mary's. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. We may say that Mr. Tytler at once turned his attention to the work of teaching upon grad- uation ; and his record has been a very 364 A CYCLOPEDIA OF creditable one since he was head master of the Carleton Place Grammar school, during 1863 and 1864 ; of the Smith's Falls Gram- mar school, from 1865 to 1868 ; of the St. Mary's High school, from 1869 to 1874 ; and was appointed head master of the Guelph Collegiate Institute, in February, 1875, which position he still holds. Mr. Tytler, it can be said without any exaggeration, stands in the front rank of the Canadian teaching profession. He is a sound scholar ; and he brings both industry and enthusiasm into his work. When, in 1875, he assumed charge of the Guelph school, there were only twenty pupils ; now there are found upon the roll not less than one hundred and eighty. ItlcLay, Peter Walker llcllur- rich, M.D., M.C.P.S.O., M. R.C.P.S., Edin., M.F.P.S., Aylmer, Province of On- bec, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 12th August, 1845. His parents were Duncan McLay and Jane McMurrich. Mrs. McLay was a daughter of the late Duncan McMurrich, of Kilmarnock, Scotland, and sister of the Revs. Peter and John McMur- rich, prominent ministers of the Church of Scotland. Mr. McLay, senr, occupied himself as a merchant in Scotland till the year 1854, when he emigrated to America, settling during the same year in the town- ship of Southwold, Elgin county. Here he began farming, and. in such pursuit ■occupied himself till his death, which occurred in 1876, leaving a family of eight ■children behind him, the gentleman who is the subject of this sketch being the youngest son. Mrs. McLay died in 1878, being then at the ripe age of eighty-six. P. W. M. McLay received his primary educa- tional training in his native town, but on ■arriving in Canada he entered the Grammar school at St. Thomas, where he concluded his studies. Thereafter we find him for a period teaching school at West Elgin, and again studying medicine in New York. In 1866 he returned from the States and entered Victoria University, Toronto, and from this institution graduated M.D. in 1870; and during the same year passed a successful examination at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in Kingston, receiving there- from the degree of M.C.P.S.O. He imme- diately proceeded to the village of Aylmer, Ontario, where he began practice, continuing till 1872, when he resolved to gain a more extensive knowledge of his profession. Pro- ceeding to Great Britain, he entered the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons at Edin- burgh, where he continued his studies for a time. He then went to Glasgow, and be- tween this and the last mentioned city spent a period of two years, obtaining his degree of member of the Royal College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, Edinburgh, and gradu- ate of the Royal College of Surgeons and Obstetricians of Glasgow. Having obtained these degrees, he remained for some time visiting in the great hospitals at London, Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in the winter of 1873 returned to Aylmer, where he established himself, and has con- tinued in practice ever since. Reading so much of Dr. McLay's career, it will without hesitation be concluded that he has proven a success in his profession. And this is, in- deed, the case. His very wide medical learning, and his experience in the great hospitals of the world at once gave him a standing among the front men of his profes- sion ; and to this he added energy of the most persistent sort upon his own account. Very soon he was known as one of the most successful practitioners in his province, and as the master of a well established and lucra- tive practice. In 1866 Dr. McLay attended the Military Cadet School at Toronto, and graduated therefrom. For eight years he has been a member of the High School Board at Aylmer, has been coroner since 1875, and is a Grand Trunk Railway sur- geon. In 1877 he was elected councilman of the town, and was re-elected for the years 1878 and 1879. In 1880 he was elected reeve, and re-elected in 1881. He has been a member of the Grand Masonic Lodge of Scotland since 1872, and is an Oddfellow and a Forester, taking a very active part in pro- moting the interests of these organizations. In politics Dr. McLay is and has always been a zealous Reformer, and he has been president, secretary and treasurer of the local Liberal Association. He is a ready and exceedingly close debater, and has spoken rousing and telling words for his party upon a good many platforms. He has been an extensive traveller, and is a student and lover of belles lettres. In this connection it may be said that he has met several of our modern poets, among these being Longfellow and Bryant. He was present, too, it is worthy to note, at the funeral of Charles Dickens. He is independent in religion, but is benevolent in his views, being always ready to throw the broad mantle of charity over the views of others, receiving only for truth that which will stand demonstration. He married, in 1871, Polly Ann, youngest daughter of David F. Davis and Mary Bird- sall, both of Malahide, Elgin county, On- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 365 tario. The father of his wife is a highly respected citizen, and represented the town- ship as reeve, and was likewise a member of the county council. In addition to these offices he is a magistrate, and he still re- sides at the old family homestead. Our subject, we have only to say in closing, is gifted with excellent social qualities. Marlatt, Charles William, M.D., M. C. P. S., Ontario, M. R. C. S., England, Aylmer, Ontario, was born in Yarmouth, Elgin county, Ontario, on the 24th Septem- ber, 1845. He is a son of John Marlatt and Patience Jane Courser. His paternal grandfather, a United Empire loyalist, came to Canada from New Jersey, when a boy, and took up land from Colonel Talbot, near where now is situate the City of St. Thomas. He was a captain of militia and fought at Lundy's Lane and Stony Creek, in the war of 1812- 15. He likewise took an active part in the suppression of the rebellion of 1837, his company being in one of the most dissaffect- ed parts of the province. His maternal grandparents came from New Brunswick, and were descended from United Empire loyalists, who came from Massachusetts during the revolutionary war. John Mar- latt had a family of five children, and the subject of this sketch was the eldest. He was educated in the common schools, and in Latin by private tutors; and took a first- class certificate from the county board in Elgin, in December, 1864. He began the study of medicine in 1868, attending two sessions at the medical department of Vic- toria University and the final session of Trinity medical school, graduating at Trinity University, likewise passing the examination of the Medical Council for the province, in April, 1872. In May he sailed for Britain, concluding his medical studies at St. Thomas' Hospital, London, England, and passing the examination of the Royal College of Sur- geons in November, 1872. He remained in the hospital, widening his experience, till February, 1873, when he returned home. Dr. Marlatt has never taken any specific action in political matters, for he finds that he needs most of his time and attention for the successful prosecution of professional work ; nevertheless he has acted as presi- dent of the Liberal-Conservative Association for East Elgin since January, 1883. He became a member of St. Thomas lodge, No. 44 A. F. & A. M., in September, 1871 ; he filled the offices of secretary and junior warden in the same lodge, and was master of Alviston lodge, No. 323, for three years, and secretary for two years. In 1882 he was sent from the latter lodge as a repre- sentative to the Grand Lodge, and he went in a similar capacity in 1885 from Malahide lodge, No. 140. He has likewise been a member cf the Oddfellows, and chief coun- cillor in the Chosen Friends. The early years of our subject's life were spent in labour upon his father's farm, and it was only during the winter that he was enabled to attend school. Inclement days, when he could not work outside, and evenings not in his school period, were spent reading his- tory, biography, works of travel, and such books generally as were to be found in the small libraries in the neighbourhood. How profitably he spent his time, and how wisely he read, will be inferred from the fact that when he reached his nineteenth year, he obtained a first-class teaching certificate. He taught school with very great success for four years ; but after his return from Eng- land, in 1873, he began to practice medicine in St. Thomas. Here he remained till 1876, when he removed to Alviston, Ontario, where a wider field was open for one willing to endure the hardships of a new and rough country. He remained here for six years,, during which the results of his exertions were most satisfactory ; but his health had failed him, and he removed to Aylmer, where he might pursue his practice with less strain upon his constitution. His professional learning, his skill, and his geniality and kindness of heart, have contributed much toward our subject's fortunes ; and he is now master of a very wide and lucrative practice. He has been very fond of manly games and sports, but has been obliged to yield his in- clinations to professional claims, and he finds compensation in his well selected library. His religious convictions are those of Methodism. He married on July 16th, 1873, Jane, only daughter of L. S. Leo- nard, who was born in New York state, the family having originally come from Wales. After coming to America the family engaged in iron founding. Mr. Leonard afterwards moved to Canada, settling at Long Point ; but after a time he went to St. Thomas, where, in connection with his brother, he established a foundry. He after- wards became very prominent in the indus- trial, political and social life of the commu- nity. O'Gara, Martin, Police Magistrate, Ottawa, was born in the County of Mayo, Ireland, on the 28th of October, 1836. He is a son of Patrick O'Gara, a farmer, and of Catherine Duffy. Mr. O'Gara received a very careful education, taking a classical 366 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF course in his native country. In 1857 he emigrated to Canada, resolved to seek his fortune in the colonies. A young man of his natural brilliancy, his ambition, and his excellent education, was not long in perceiv- ing that there was plenty of room on the upper seats in the legal profession. This pro- fession, it is true, is becoming over-stocked; but there is always plenty of room for the best men ; and this, no doubt, was the way in which Mr. O'Gara looked at the case too. He studied law in the office of Mowat & Maclennan at Toronto, graduatedL L.B. at the University of Toronto, in 1861, and was admitted to the bar in the same year. When he achieved this the young barrister repaired to Ottawa, where he at once began to practice his profession. How successful he has been as a barrister it is hardly neces- sary to say, for Mr. O'Gara practices in every court in the Dominion. He is senior member for the firm of O'Gara & Remon, and the law business of this establishment is extensive and important. He is yet a young man, but his knowledge of the law is very wide and extremely sound, and no one could hesitate to place him among the most prominent practitioners at the Can- adian bar. His attainments as a lawyer are characterised by soundness of judgment, by close, clear reasoning, and a prevailing justness of logic. In 1863 he was appointed police-magistrate of Ottawa, and still holds that position, rendering justice with em- inently judicial success, and with equity. In 1882 he was appointed a Queen's counsel. He' was born, it may be said, in the Roman catholic faith, and still adheres to the faith of his forefathers. He married, in 1864, Margaret, daughter of John Bowes, architect of Ottawa. The issue of this marriage is eleven children, three of whom are dead. Gordon, William, Mayor of Stratford, is a native of Canada, of Scotch and English extraction. He was born on the 9th April, 1841, in the township of Woolwich, in the County of Waterloo, Province of Ontario, and near the village of Winterbourne. He is the second son of John Gordon, who came to Canada in the year 1830, and settled in said township, in the year 1832, being one of our pioneer settlers. In 1838 he married Fanny Martin, eldest daughter of Martin Martin, architect, of Brighton, England, then a school teacher in the town (now city) of Guelph. He was the only son of John Gordon, of the city of Aberdeen, Scotland, who for many years carried on a large cabi- net and house-furnishing business. William Gordon is one of a family of six children, all whom are still living-four sons and two daughters. Two of the brothers are farmers in Woolwich township, one on the home- stead, the other on a farm near by. The youngest is a commercial traveller, residing in Winnipeg. The eldest sister is the wife of Dr. Douglass of Bruce county, and the youngest the wife of Frederick J. French, barrister, of Prescott and M.P.P. for South Grenville. The subject of this sketch was educated at the common school in the village of Winterbourne. He left home at fifteen years of age, and became appren- ticed to the mercantile business, with Wal- ter Holmewood, then doing a large gen- eral mercantile business at the village of Winterbourne, with whom he remained four years. After spending a year and a half at home and different places, he took a situation in the establishment of Hugh Moore, in the town of Dundas, with whom he remained four years; and he was subsequently in the estab- lishment of Mr. Corrie, then of Dundas, now of St. Thomas, for two or three years. During his residence in Dundas he took a prominent position as a member of the Pro Bono Club-a literary and debating society of considerable importance at that time in the town. He was secretary for two con- secutive terms, and at the close of the sec- ond, was unanimously elected president, which position he also retained for two terms. This club, at that time, was only second in importance in the province to the Ontario Literary Association, of To- ronto, and had amongst its members Fey- therston (now Judge) Osler; his brother B.B. Osler, now Q.C.; Hugh MacMahon, Q.C.; his brother, Dr. MacMahon, M.P.P., North Wentworth, and James Somerville, M.P., North Brant, as well as many other men whose names might be mentioned, now fil- ling high posts of honor throughout the United States and Canada. He left Dundas about the month of February, 1866, and opened a dry goods business in St. Mary's, having bought out the stock and business of James McQuaig, now of Toronto. In Oc- tober of the same year, he married E. Jennie Quarry, eldest daughter of the late John Quarry, ex-mayor of Dundas, and con- tinued to do a very large business in St. Mary's, till 1870, when he removed to Strat- ford, where he continued in the same lin of business for some years alone, and in con- junction with John J. Clark, now deceased. In January 1871, his wife, by .whom he had three children, died; one of the children died prior to its mother, and another about sixteen months afterwards. The eldest, now CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 367 a boy of eighteen years, is a student in the Collegiate Institute, and is a lad of consid- erable promise. In 1879, Mr. Gordon mar- ried again to Mrs. Carrail, widow of the late Jas. Alexander Carrail, barrister, and ex-mayor of the City of Stratford, and third daughter of the late Col. W. F. McCulloch, who was one of the first settlers of Stratford, and the first mayor of the town. He is a member of the English Church, but not a very regular attendant. From early boy- hood he has been an ardent supporter of Re- form principles, and has always taken an active part in elections in all municipal mat- ters of importance; is a fearless, forcible and earnest speaker, having at all times the cour- age of his convictions. He was first elected to the Stratford council in 1880, after a hot contest. In 1881, he ran for the third deputy reeveship, but was defeated by fifteen votes. In 1882, he contested the mayorality, and was again defeated. In 1884, he again entered the lists, and after fighting one of the hotest election battles ever seen in Stratford, was elected mayor by fourteen of a majority. The election took place on the 7th January, and that very day was the 14th anniversary of his landing in Stratford as a permanent resident. In January, 1885, he was re-elec- ted mayer by acclamation. His administra- tions of the affairs of the office have been so well and impartially discharged that even many of his then strongest opponents would now be among his warmest supporters,should he offer for a third term. For the last ten years, he has been doing a large real es- tate, money lending, and insurance busi- ness, and is one of the largest taxpayers in the city. Plumb, Hon. Josiah Burr, Senator for the Dominion of Canada, offers a rare example of a gentleman who in middle life first entered politics, and in a few years at- tained an eminence in parliament which few reach after a lifetime of political struggle. The Hon. Mr. Plumb had, however, at the outset of his political career, the advantage of a long experience in banking, railways, and other important business of a public and responsible nature-so that he had little to learn when he entered political life-and was ready to apply a vast fund of knowledge and experience to the discussion of the various political and social problems which came up in parliament. He at once took a prominent place as a member of the Con- servative party in the House of Commons. Mr. Plumb is an American by birth and early training. His knowledge of American politics and public men is unequalled by any other Canadian statesman,-while as a loyal British subject, by choice and preference, he stands forth as a type of many educated and sensible Americans, who feeling that blood is thicker than water,-find no difficulty in renewing their older ties of natural allegi- ance, and making their home in the Do- minion of Canada, among their kinsfolk, the descendants of the United Empire loyalists, who preserve the purest type and the best characteristics of the original col- onists of the United States. Mr. Plumb was born at East Haven, Connecticut, the son of the Rev. Elijah Griswold Plumb, of Farmington, and of Grace Hubbard Burr, of New Haven, in the same state. The father of Mr. Plumb was ordained in 1807, as priest in the Episcopal church of the United States, by Bishop Jarvis of Connec- ticut, and was the descendant of an early settler of that state, who came from Eng- land, and members of whose family held re- presentative offices in the colony prior to the revolution. On his mother's side Mr. Plumb descends from Colonel Andrew Burr, of Fairfield, whose ancestor came from Eng- land in 1630, and was the joint purchaser from the Indians, with William Pyncheon and Henry Smith, in 1636, of lands which now include the site of the City of Spring- field, Massachusetts. Among the ancestors of Colonel Andrew Burr, were John Burr, senator, who died 1694 ; Peter Burr, chief justice of the superior court of Connecticut, speaker of the lower house, senator and member of the Governor's council. He died in 1724. His son, Aaron Burr, was president of Princeton college, and father of the celebrated Colonel Aaron Burr, vice- president of the United States. Colonel Andrew Burr, the immediate maternal pro- genitor of Mr. Plumb, was member of the lower house for Fairfield, from 1727 to 1747, speaker from 1741 to 1745, member of the upper house from 1746 until his death in 1763. In 1755 he was appointed, with three others, to assist the governor and council in regard to raising forces for the defence of the King's just rights and dominions in North America. He commanded the forces of Connecticut in the famous siege and con- quest of Louisbourg, in 1745, one of the most daring and successful military expedi- tions on record, which a handful of colo- nists carried to completion against a fortress which the French had hewn out of the solid rock, and strengthened by the best engi- neering devices employed for twenty-five years, until it was supposed to be impreg- nable. But the hardy and resolute colonists 368 A CYCLOPEDIA OF landed their forces and siege trains, and took up their position in the face of the ene- my ; Colonel Burr's command being con- spicuous in the most advanced and danger- ous post. After twenty-five days of furious bombardment, aided by a small British squadron, under Admiral Warren, Louis- bourg and the island of Cape Breton sur- rendered on the 16th June, 1745. Colonel Burr and 350 of his command were detailed for garrison duty in the captured fortress. By the treaty of Aix La Chapelle, in 1748, Louisbourg was restored to the French. It was again finally besieged and taken by Wolfe and Amherst in 1758, a victory which cleared the way to Quebec, and led immedi- ately to the conquest of Canada. The gal- lant part taken in the first siege and capture of Louisbourg by Mr. Plumb's ancestor well deserves to be commemorated here. Mr. Plumb was largely engaged in banking, and in the early railroad enterprises in the United States. He was for many years manager of the State Bank at Albany, N. Y., and a leading director in several banks in Buffalo and Oswego. He was one of the committee of eight to whom was entrusted the consolidation of the several railways of the State of New York, which form now the New York central line and which were merged into a single corporation. In the winter of 1861, Mr. Plumb was placed by a great representative meeting of the Demo- cratic party of the State of New York on a committee to confer with the slave states on the Northern border, with a view of pre- venting, if possible, the impending conflict. Although an active member of his party, Mr. Plumb neither held nor sought public office of any kind. Mr. Plumb married, in 1849, the youngest daughter of the late Colonel Samuel Street, of Niagara Falls, sister of the late Thomas Clarke Street, member of parliament for Welland. She died in 1868, leaving six children. The eldest, Thomas Street Plumb, took a high stand at Rugby, graduated with honours at Baliol, Oxford, and was called to the bar from the Inner Temple, in 1876. He was a member of the law firm of McCarthy, Hoskin & Osler, Toronto. He died early in May, 1885, having attained a high repu- tation in his profession, which promised him its highest honours. The second son, Frede- rick, was educated at Rugby, and Christ Church, Oxford, and married the youngest daughter of the late Senator Dickson, of Niagara. The third son, Duncan, was edu- cated at Rugby, and is the manager of the Globe Cattle Company in the Western ter- ritories. Mr. Plumb's eldest daughter is married to Christopher Robinson, Esq , Q.C., Toronto, and his second to Mr. Charles Rose, Professor of Modern Languages at Hobart College, N.Y. His youngest daugh- ter is living at home. Mr. Plumb's first entrance into public life was at the general election in January, 1874, when, with great reluctance, he accepted the Conservative nomination for Niagara, upon a requisition signed by a majority of the voters of the constituency. He was elected, but unseated, and re-elected by a far larger majority over his opponent. In this parliament Mr. Plumb's great political and financial abili- ties were speedily disclosed, and he was re- garded as a very able and rising member of the House of Commons. In the electoral campaigns of 1877-78 he accompanied the Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, at his request, through Ontario and the Eastern Townships of Quebec, where he distinguished himself as a brilliant and powerful advocate of the policy of protection for Canadian industries and of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the two questions to be submitted to the new parliament. The elections of 1878 were a great triumph for the Conservative party, although it happened that both Sir John and Mr. Plumb were defeated. Mr. Plumb, however, on petition, obtained his seat for Niagara, and his opponent, Mr. Hughes, was unseated and disqualified. In that par- liament Mr. Plumb took a prominent part in the debates and business of the house. He was chairman of the special committee on the Hon. Mr. Mackenzie's railway con- tracts between Fort William and Red River. In 1880, Sir Leonard Tilley having made the budget speech, he was selected to reply to Sir Richard Cartwright, in place of Sir Charles Tupper, who was prostrated by ill- ness. In the bill for readjusting the con- stituencies, in 1882, Niagara and Cornwall were merged in their respective counties of Lincoln and Stormont. Mr. Plumb was, by that measure, deprived of his old seat for Niagara. The local candidate having un- expectedly resigned in North Wellington, Mr. Plumb was nominated for that riding, and defeated by twenty majority. His use- fulness was too great to admit of his retire- ment from public life. He was called to the Senate prior to the meeting of the new par- liament, in January, 1883, and took his seat as a member of that body. Asa senator he was distinguished by his urbanity and j udicial rectitude upon all the questions that came before the house, and made several exhaus- tive speeches which are not easily to be for- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 369 gotten. One upon the Canadian North-West, containing comparative statistics in regard to the growth and productions of the West- ern States with the climate, soil, and other capabilities of our great territory. He spoke also on the Dominion finances and upon the loan bill of 1884. One of his best efforts was his speech upon the Senate, in 1885, with analysis of the constitution and compo- sition of that body. His speech upon the Indian Franchise, at the close of the session of 1885, was most able and convincing. In that speech Mr. Plumb showed an amount of knowledge of Indian history, and of the character and present condition of that in- teresting people which professed students have rarely attained. Mr. Plumb warmly and convincingly advocated the claims of the settled Indians to the electoral franchise, and few will now dispute the justice of con- ferring upon these people, who are among the oldest subjects of the Crown in North America, the civil and political status of citizens of our Dominion. In politics Mr. Plumb is a Conservative, loyal to the Em- pire and to the Dominion. He is one of those far-seeing statesmen who look for- ward with hope to a closer bond of union between the mighty and ever-growing king- doms, dominions, provinces, principalities and powers which compose the gigantic British empire. This brief memoir has so far only touched the public and political career of the Hon. Mr. Plumb. There is another side of his character known in its fulness only to his intimate friends, who have often to regret that the exigencies of public life have kept out of the arena of Canadian literature a name which would have been one of its brightest ornaments. Mr. Plumb is as ready and accomplished a writer as he is a speaker and debater. These two qualities, which rarely meet in the same person, are found united in Mr. Plumb in an eminent degree. He has written much, but published very little, and that not the best of his various compositions. An original and comprehensive mind, much reading, ready wit, and power of expression, infused with true literary flavour, make Mr. Plumb's conversation the delight of those privileged to share in it. One faculty Mr. Plumb pos- sesses in a degree which few men are en- dowed with, and which all might envy. A memory marvellous for its retentiveness, and equally facile in yielding up everything once committed to its keeping. It is never at fault, but always open to him like the page of a printed book. Words said by others, events, persons, names, poetry, prose, facts and figures, never vanish from his mind as they do in time from most men. Things never get mixed, and never refuse to come promptly to his call when needed. One of the elements of Mr. Plumb's power in parliament is the readiness and exactness of his quotations and references to words and opinions expressed by his opponents. His facts and figures are never at fault, or inaccurate. His cleverest opponents, al- though they may dispute his opinions, have learned that there is no confuting his state- ments, or challenging his facts His power of bringing order out of confused questions, and his method of simplifying complicated public accounts, are the admiration of his friends, and made him one of the most trusted and trustworthy members of either House of Parliament. Mr. Plumb's ora- tory is of a high order, well fitted for great public debates, although equally cogent and persuasive, when used in the minor discus- sions and addresses of social life. His lan- guage is refined and copious, flowing freely and naturally, and never failing to grasp the very inmost core of the question under ex- amination. He is still in the vigour of life and power of intellect, a man whom, if he be spared, the country will learn to honour the more it comes to know him. Mr. Plumb is an enlightened and liberal member of the Church of England, connection with which has been inherited by him from a long line of religious ancestors. His loyal trrand-uncle, the Rev. Dr. Hubbard, rector of New Haven, Connecticut, before and during the revolu- tion, for more than half a century, was re- markable for his firm adhesion to his duty. He refused to discontinue the customary use of the prayer book in his parish, and in spite of persecution and personal danger ceased not to pray publicly for the King during the whole war. Mr. Plumb has for many years been a member of the diocesan synods of the church, and one of its most efficient and useful members. He was, in 1883, one of the representatives of the Cana- dian synod at the general triennial conven- tion of the Episcopal church in the United States. Clarke, Charles Fitzwilliam, Til- sonburg, Ontario, was born at Ballinasloe, County Galway, Ireland, on the 26th Sept., 1839. His father, William Clarke, was con- nected with the Bank of Ireland at Ballin- asloe, and afterwards lived the life of a re- tired gentleman ; but in 1851 he decided to try his fortune in Canada, and in that year took passage on an ocean ship, arriving in Toronto, where he remained till his death, 370 A CYCLOPEDIA OF which occurred in 1861. He was a brother of John Clarke, late of Waterford, Ireland, but now an official of Dublin Castle. The educational training of the subject of this sketch was very careful ; he had, at first a private tutor in the person of Mr. Maynard, of the Upper Canada College, and after- wards attended the higher schools. When he reached his sixteenth year, he had made up his mind to devote his life to law ; and accordingly entered the office of Duggan & Burns, Toronto, where he remained for a period of two years. He then entered the office of Cayley, Cameron, & McMichael, Toronto, and later on he went with Mr. Van- koughnet, where he concluded his studies. In 1862 he was called to the bar, and he at once established an office at Toronto, where he began practice. Very soon he was satisfied of what he had surmised before, namely, that a city like Toronto, swarming with young practitioners, and having so many men of established and eminent re- pute, was not the most desirable place for a beginner who has ambition to be at the front. It was not that Mr. Clarke shirked the contest of forcing his way through the legal throng ; but he knew that Blackstone himself, under like circumstances, must necessarily remain for a considerable period in legal obscurity. He removed to the town of Clinton, and established himself there ; and in that place he continued to practice for a period of six years. At the expiry of this time, he went back again to Toronto, where he remained for about two years ; and then, after careful deliberation, resolved to establish himself at Tilsonburg, Oxford county, where he has remained ever since. His success has been considerable; for he is now one of the foremost lawyers of that town and the master of an important and lucrative practice. Mr. Clarke is an Oddfellow, and likewise a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. His religious faith is that of the Church of England. He married in February, 1864, Grace Madora Thompson, daughter of the late Joseph Thompson, of Millbrook, Victoria, Ontario ; and by this lady has a family of two children. Mr. Clarke is a man of very great energy, and he likewise has the repute of being widely and soundly versed in the law. Claris, George Tlioinas, St. Thomas, Ontario, was born at Buffalo, N. Y., on the 21st of January, 1848. His father, John Claris, was the eldest son of John Claris, of of London, England, a prominent member the London Stock Exchange, who was born in Canterbury, England ; and his mother, Jane McLachlin, eldest daughter of Captain McLachlin, was born at in London, Ontario. Mrs. Claris, senr., died on the 14th of April, 1853, and Mr. Claris, senr., on 9th October, 1856. This worthy couple were married in October, 1845, and there was an issue of two children, Jennie Rosina and George Thomas. George was left an orphan at the age of eight years, and went to live with his uncle, George Thomas Claris, who was appointed by will, his guardian and trustee. He resided at St. Thomas, Ontario, and was treasurer of the County of Elgin, up to his death, in 1873. During his lifetime, he was one of the most prominent financial men of St. Thomas, and was connected with several important public and private enterprises in the county. George Thomas Claris received a careful education ; at first attending the common schools of St. Thomas, and afterwards, in 1863, graduat- ing at the Grammar school in that city. When in his fifteenth year he left school, and now felt an inclination to learn the wholesale furnishing business; and with this end in view set out for Chicago, where he entered the wholesale house of the late firm of George E. Newman & Co. He left this firm in 1866, and proceeding to Buffalo, entered Jewett's wholesale boot and shoe manufacturing house, as assistant book- keeper. He remained in Buffalo till 1869, during which time he had become book- keeper, and afterwards cashier at Jewett's, enjoying the highest record of the head of the house, and of all with whom his position brought him into contact. In 1869, he resolved to try his own fortune, and re- turned to Chicago, where he entered into partnership with B. Rogers, in gents' fur- nishings, the firm being known as Claris &. Rogers. The undertaking met with consid- erable success, but in 1871, came the great fire, and their establishment was swept away. After the fire, he returned to St. Thomas, where he engaged in private bank- ing and brokerage ; and in such employ- ment he has continued ever since. His busi- ness is now of large proportions, and it is established solidly, and with the highest re- pute. In 1872, in connection with Messrs. Weldon and Pendleton, Mr. Claris erected the Opera House Block, in St. Thomas ; and in the following year bought out the in- terest of these gentlemen in the property. From political sides, he has always held aloof ; and in religion he is, and always has been a member of the Church of Eng- land. He married, in 1879, Carrie Augusta, daughter of A. G. Smythe, of London, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 371 Ontario, government immigration agent; and has a family of two children. The family of Mr. Claris, it may be said, is a very ancient one. They originally came from Switzerland, and one ancestor was a governor of a province called Glarus, in that country. Glarus, it may also be stated, is the old spelling of the name. From Switzerland the family went to France, but during the persecutions of the Huguenots, they fled to England. Mr. Claris is a gentleman of remarkable energy, and his career show s how industrious he was. Becker, Leaman, Waterford,Ontario, was born in the village of Waterford, Nor- folk county, on the 13th August, 1836. His father, Barton Becker, was born in the State of New York in the year 1800. When he reached his twenty-tifth year he removed to Canada, settling in Waterford, where he re- sided for several years, thereafter moving to the village of Rockford, in which place he engaged in milling operations. He stayed at Rockford some years, but returned again to Waterford and resumed milling there. In 1845 he engaged in general mercantile pur- suits, and carried on an extensive business for nearly twenty years. Our subject's mother was Harriet, daughter of Morris Sovereign, of Waterford, and one of the early pioneers of that place. In 1862 Barton Becker retired from the business, and Lea- man, the subject of this sketch, assumed the management, the firm being known as L. Becker & Co. Mr. Barton Becker is now in his eighty-fifth year, but is in possession of all his faculties ; and his wife is likewise living. There was a family of five children ; Leaman being the fourth member, and the only son of the family. We shall take a retrospective glance at his career. He re- ceived a good English education, concluding his studies at Berea College, Ohio. He like- wise attended Bryant & Stratton's Business College at Buffalo. In 1858 he left school and returned to Waterford, where he en- tered as a clerk in the establishment of his father. In such capacity did he remain till 1862, when he bought out his father's in- terest, and entered into partnership with Mr. D. R. Foster. In 1865, however, he bought Mr. Foster's interest, and continued the management alone until 1878, when he sold out, and retired from active business. He rested for five years, and then opened a banking establishment in partnership with L. H. Slaght, with the firm name of L. Becker & Co. ; and the partners now transact a general banking business, which has grown to considerable importance, and to be of great convenience to the commu- nity. Mr. Becker is a Freemason, and has held the highest positions in the lodge, No. 113, Waterford. He also has been a member of the Grand Lodge. He is likewise a Work- man, and is master of the Waterford lodge; is a Royal Templar, a member of the Cana- dian order of Home Circle, and a trustee in the Supreme Lodge, Home circle. He has travelled much, having visited the principal places in Canada, the United States, Great Britain and Europe. He is a member of the Baptist denomination. He married, in 1864, Mary F., daughter of Leonard Sovereign. Mr. Becker has not given a great deal of attention to politics, but he makes choice of the principles of the Reform party. He was a shareholder and director in the Waterford and Simcoe Road Company ; and was one of a syndicate of five which purchased the road. He remained part owner till the sale of the same to the municipalities in 1884. Mr. Becker is a social favourite ; is agreeable and kindly in manners, and is a patron and practiser of healthful outdoor sports. He is a man of the highest integrity of character. Joy, Sylvanus, M.D., Tilsonburg, Ont., was born on July 4th, 1833, at Utica, in the State of New York. He is a son of David Joy, who emigrated from England to New York, and of Theresa Hodgkiss. David Joy owned and operated the York cotton and woollen mills situated near Utica. After re- tiring from business, he held several county offices in Jefferson. He died in 1861. Mrs. Joy died when the subject of this sketch was yet a child. Sylvanus Joy received his preliminary educational instruction in the common schools of Jefferson county. When he reached his tenth year, he went to La- fargeville academy where he remained for a period of two years, and then spent a year and a half at the Black River Institute, Watertown, New York, and a period of two and a half years at Union College, Schen- ectady. When he reached his sixteenth year he resolved to adopt the medical pro- fession, and in preparation for that end at- tended the University of New York. From this institution he graduated M. D. with honours ; after which he officiated at Belle- vue Hospital, New York, for two and a half years as house surgeon. In 1854 Dr. Joy concluded to try his fortune in Canada, and in that year entered Queen's College, Kingston, from which he graduated in 1856. Since that time the successes which he has achieved in his profession have been many. He has been for twenty-five years asso- ciate coroner of the County of Oxford; is 372 J CYCLOPEDIA 01 staff surgeon of the Great Western Rail- way of Canada; was county surgeon for five years. In 1880, he conceived the idea that sugar might be manufactured from sorghum, grown in this latitude, feeling that should such an enterprize succeed, much might be saved to the Dominion, both by adding a new industry as well as in the purchase money paid to foreign coun- tries. He was the prime mover in organiz- ing a joint stock company to test the feasi- bility of the undertaking; and travelled over a considerable portion of the west and south where sorghum and the sugar cane is grown, to gain practical information upon the subject. When he returned home he completed the organization of the company, of which he became president, and expended $14,000, in the purchase of the latest and best approved machinery. The first year bid fair for great success, but failure to secure a crop the succeeding years, on account of cli- matic influences, caused an entire failure of the scheme. In 1865 Dr. Joy undertook vine growing and propagating for wine purposes ; and for the past ten years has cultivated about twenty acres of grapes, which have yielded an annual production of ten thousand gallons of wine. This wine was awarded a diploma for excellence of quality at the last World's fair held in Paris, France, and has become familiar and favourably known throughout the Province of Ontario. He has also the largest apple orchard and general fruit farm in Ontario, situated about three miles from Tilsonburg, where exten- sive vaults have been erected. In 1855 Dr. Joy became a Freemason and for several years occupied the master's chair ; and sub- sequently he associated himself with the Royal Arch Chapter in Woodstock, Ontario. His travels have been extensive, and include a visit to leading cities in England, France and other portions of the Continent. From youth up he has been a member of the Church of England. In 1855 he married Miriam, daughter of the late John Mark Collver, of the township of Townsend. The issue of this marriage was two daughters, one born in April, 1857 and the other in November, 1858. The eldest displayed a great talent for music, which was thorough- ly cultivated under the best masters in America. She was married in September, 1876, to Dr. J. T. Moore, who is now one of the leading physicians in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He holds the position of dean of the Minneapolis College of Physicians and Surgeons, also of the Minnesota College of Pharmacy, located in Minneapolis; and he occupies the chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the College of Physicians and Surgeons. He was likewise one of the pro- moters and organizers of both institutions. The youngest daughter, Ida Joy, displayed a very marked talent for painting in oil, par- ticularly portraits ; and who, after utilizing all the best instructive talent in America, was sent to Europe, where she remained under the best masters for nearly eight years, during which time she distinguished herself by her ability, receiving medals for paintings exhibited at five of the great Salon exhibitions in Paris and at Dragvignan in Southern France, and at Caen in Eastern France. For a painting at the Royal Albert exhibition in London, England, she also received another medal. Before her return home with her mother, (who remained with Miss Joy during the whole time of her absence,) she travelled through France, and visited the Belgian Art galleries, and those at Venice, Naples, Florence and Rome, making copies from several of the most celebrated works of the old masters. She has but recently returned to Canada, and is beyond question one of the most noted and acomplished artists in America. Since coming to Canada Dr. Joy's life has been spent in the County of Oxford and his time chiefly devoted to the practice of medicine and surgery. He has acquired a provincial reputation, and one of the most extensive practices in the province, having patients constantly in charge from places even be- yond the Dominion of Canada. In public Dr. Joy gives his adherence to the Conserva- tive party, and he is a sturdy and effective worker for the cause in his own locality. He is the very embodiment of energy, is learned and popular in his profession and altogether a man of broad and professional sympathies. Ryan, Peter, Toronto, Ontario, was born at Carlisle, County of Cumberland, England, on the 23rd August, 1842. He is a son of Bernard Ryan, born on October 12th, 1812, in Ryan's Town, near Newry, in the County of Down, Ireland ; and his mother was Susannah (Tait) Ryan, born at Carlisle, January 6th, 1819. Mr. Ryan's maternal grandfather was an officer in the Rifle brigade, and fought under Wellington in the Peninsula campaign and at Waterloo. He was Scotch, and a sturdy Wellingtonian tory. Peter Ryan was educated at the Church school at Carlisle, and at a private school in Whiteham, Cumberland. Mr. Ryan has no military record ; for if he had it would give the contradiction to his con- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 373 victions. He believes in the abolition of war, being in this respect a follower of Joseph Sturge. He has taken a very active part in municipal affairs in Toronto, and was aiderman for St. George's ward from 1879 to 1883. In addition to his own business connections, he is a partner in the Joseph Hall Agricultural Works, Oshawa, and a woollen merchant. With respect to Mr. Ryan's political convictions we may state at once that he is an advanced radical and a thorough believer in the soundness of free trade and direct taxation. He is a follower of Edward Blake in the Dominion policy, and a follower of Oliver Mowat in provin- cial politics, and a pronounced reformer gen- erally. Mr. Ryan has travelled extensively through Great Britain, and claims to know England better than any other man in Can- ada. He is a member of the Roman Catho- lic church ; his father held the same faith, but his mother was an adherent of the Church of England. He married at Orms- kirk, Lancashire, England, on the 11th July 1861, Margaret McConnell. He left school young, and engaged in the horse and cattle trade, assisting his uncle, who was a Cum- berland mountaineer of the immense stature of six feet eight inches. He subsequently travelled through England as an auctioneer and hardware dealer from fair to fair, and market to market, having a number of large wagons or vans lighted up with gas. At the time of the American war, he made a handsome fortune running the blockade on Glasgow and Liverpool steamers ; and sub- sequently did business on the Hull line of steamers, owned by L. C. Kearson & Co., but the greater part of these were captured and lost, and with them the gains of our subject's early years. He came out of the transaction about £1600 worse than nothing, but though offered a settlement by his cred- itors, he refused to compound and ultimate- ly paid all his debts with interest. He con- tested West Toronto against the present member, James Beaty, Q. C., who was at the time mayor of the city, but was defeated by 236 votes. Since that time he has offered for no parliamentary position. Mr. Ryan is a gentleman of the widest and most pro- gressive ideas. Himself a Roman catholic, he not alone accords the right of private judgment in religious matters to others, but regards the differences in religious form as bulwarks of religious and political liberty. He has been a life-long abstainer, and was the first member of the city council to in- troduce the bill for the separation of the grocery and liqour trade which became law the year after. He is one of the vice-presi- dents of the Reform Association of Toronto, and is one of the readiest and most power- ful platform orators to be found in the whole ranks of the Liberal party. During election time his services are in high demand, and the sledge-hammer work usually falls to his share. He is unquestionably a forcible speaker; and has that trick of gesture which none but the born orator ever re- veals. When delivering a phrase or an epithet, Mr. Ryan has the art of sometimes seeming to throw physical weight into his oratorical blow, doing this by a sudden sway of his body, or swing of his arm, He is highly endowed with the quality of being ble to think on his legs, and when he is sometimes wrought to a high pitch, denun- ciation or contention comes from him like a torrent of fire. He is a man with a clean escutcheon, with splendid abilities, and is pretty certain to be heard from some day in high political quarters. Innes, James, Editor and Publisher of the Guelph Mercury, M.P. for South Wel- lington, was born in Huntly, Aberdeen- shire, Scotland, on the 1st February, 1833. After leaving school, he adopted the profes- sion of school teacher, and successfully de- voted himself to the work in Scotland for five years. In 1853 he left his mother country, and came to Canada, and adopted journalism. He began his career in the Globe office, Toronto, and was afterwards engaged on the Banner, Hamilton, now the Times, and on the Colonist, Toronto. In 1861 he went to Guelph to edit the Adver- tiser, and the following year took charge of the Mercury, and has edited and pub- lished this paper ever since. This journal, it is almost needless to say, has a high standing among the Reform papers of O tario. At the last general election Mr. Innes was returned by the Reformers of South Wellington as their representative in the House of Commons, and there is no member in that house who tries more to ad- vance the interests of his constituents than he does. Mr. Innes was for seventeen years a school trustee, and was for some time chair- man of the Guelph Board of Education, and also takes an interest in many public en- terprises. Mr. Innes married in London, England, September, 1873, Helen Gerrard, widow of Jonathan Date, planter, Granada, West Indies, also a native of Aberdeenshire; and if any of Mr. Innes' old friends should visit his comfortable home in the City of Guelph they are sure to receive a true High- land welcome. 374 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Hale, Horatio, Clinton, Ontario, is a native of the United States, who has been long resident in Canada. He is a lawyer, but is chiefly known in both countries as a writer on scientific subjects. The following account of his earlier life, before his remov- al to Canada, is condensed, with some slight alterations, from the sketch in Dr. Allibone's " Critical Dictionary of English and Ameri- can Authors," published in 1859:-" He is a son of the distinguished authoress, Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, and of the late David Hale, a leading lawyer of Newport, N. H. He graduated at Harvard in 1837, where he was so highly distinguished for his aptitude in the acquisition of languages, that whilst still an undergraduate he was selected to fill the post of philologist to the United States exploring expedition, commanded by Captain Wilkes. The result of his learned investi- gations will be found in vol. vii.,-' Ethnog- raphy and Philology,'-of the series of works which compose the history of that noble enterprise. Mr. Hale's intelligent labours have elicited warm commendation from highly respectable authorities, both at home and abroad." The distinguished Eng- lish philologist, Dr. Latham, in his recent work on the "Natural History and Varieties of Man," remarks that Mr. Hale's work con- tains ' ' the greatest mass of philological data ever accumulated by a si ngle inquirer. " The following lines from the American Journal of Science give perhaps as good an account of this great work as could be conveyed in a brief description:-"The first 225 pages are devoted to ethnography, or an account of the customs, religion and civil polity, and ori- gin of the natives of the several countries and islands visited by the expedition. The remaining 440 pages comprise the philology of the same regions. The various dialects of Polynesia are treated of under the general head of a comparative grammar of Polynesia, followed by a Polynesian lexicon. The lan- guages of the Feejee Islands, the Kingsmills, Rotuma, Australia, and the northwest coast of America, and some dialects of Patagonia and Southern Africa come next under con- sideration. We feel assured that a glance at the work will excite surprise in all at the amount of information collected, and pleas- ure at the system and perspicuity with which the whole is presented." After the completion of this work, Mr. Hale visited Europe and other portions of the eastern con- tinent, and on his return was admitted to the bar. He is now engaged in the duties of his profession, but occasionally finds time to contribute an essay on his favourite theme to some periodical in this country, or in Great Britain.' To the foregoing sketch may be added some omitted dates and other particulars. Mr. Hale was born on May 3, 1817, in Newport, N.H., and was admitted to the bar in Chicago in 1855. He married in the previous year, in Jersey City, Mar- garet Pugh, daughter of the late Wm. Pugh, Esq., J.P., of Goderich township, in the county of Huron, Canada West. Mr. Pugh was of English birth, and was one of the earliest settlers in that county, where he purchased a considerable tract of land. Wearying of the hardships of an emigrant's life, he removed, with his family, in 1837, to the United States, where he soon after- wards died. In 1856, the land which he had purchased in Canada had become valu- able by the progress of settlement, and, at the request of the heirs in England and the United States, Mr. Hale assumed the charge of it. He finally took up his resi- dence on the estate, which is now included within the limits of the flourishing town of Clinton. He has since devoted his time partly to professional pursuits, and partly to scientific investigations, chiefly in languages and in that attractive and important study of recent growth,known as anthropology, or the "science of man." In the course of these inquiries he has visited various Indian tribes in Canada and the United States, and has carried on an extensive correspondence. The results of his researches have appeared in the transactions of learned societies and in some separate publications. The most im- portant of these is an octavo volume, entit- led "The Iroquois Book of Rites," which ap- peared in 1883, in the "Library of Abori- ginal American Literature," edited by the distinguished ethnologist, Dr. D. G. Brinton, of Philadelphia. The basis of this work is a curious manuscript-or rather two manu- scripts-in the Mohawk and Onondaga dia- lects, relating to the origin, laws and cere- monial usages of the Iroquois confederacy. These manuscripts, whose composition dates from the last centurv, were discovered and translated by Mr. Hale, who has prefaced his version with a full account of the Iroquois people. The eminent historian, Dr. J. G. Shea, says of this work : " It is a philosoph- ical and masterly treatise on the Iroquois lea- gue and the cognate tribes, their relations, language, mental characteristics and policy, such as we have never had of any nation of this continent. " A description of the "Tutelo Tribe and Language," published originally in the Transactions of the American Philosophi- cal Society of Philadelphia, in March, 1883, CA NADIA N BIO GRA PH I'. 375 gives the interesting and really romantic history of a small tribe of Indians, who for- merly resided in Virginia and North Caro- lina, and thence migrated northward, through Pennsylvania and New York to Ca- nada, where the last survivors were found by Mr. Hale, and, to the surprise of ethnologists, were proved, by their language, to be con- nected with the Dakotas of the far west. In 1882, Mr. Hale, as a member of a committee of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, which met in that year at Montreal, took part in organizing the first meeting of the section of Anthropology in that association ; and, somewhat remark- ably, two years later, in the same city, he was one of the committee of the British Association, which organized the first meet- ing of the like section in that world-renown- ed society,-an evidence both of the recent rise and progress of this branch of science, and of the position held by Mr. Hale among its cultivators. A report by him on the Blackfoot tribes was read at the last meet- ing of the British Association, held in Ab- erdeen, in September, 1885. He is now, {1885), one of the vice-presidents of the Am- erican Association, and president of its Anthropological section. He is a member of many learned societies besides those already named,-including the Anthropo- logical Institute of Great Britain, the An- thropological Society of Washington, the Pennsylvania Historical Society, the New England Historic-genealogical Society, the Buffalo Historical Society, etc. He has been a frequent contributor to periodicals in the United States, Great Britain, and Canada, on scientific and literary topics, and has taken particular interest in educa- tional matters. Through his efforts the Clinton High School and the Clinton Me- chanics' Institute and Library Association were established, and he was for many years chairman of the High School board and president of the Institute. While holding these positions he gave much time to corres- pondence and interviews with the Ontario authorities, and to the circulation of peti- tions to the legislature, which resulted in largely increased public grants to the high schools and mechanics' institutes through- out the Province, and in legislation which greatly enhanced their efficiency. One im- portant result of the legislation thus pro- moted by Mr. Hale, it may be mentioned, was to secure the admission of female pupils into the high schools, on the same terms and with the same advantages which were allowed to male pupils,-a privilege which had previously been denied to them. Mr. Hale has also taken part in various public enterprises, and, in especial, was chairman of the committee which secured the means for the construction of the London, Huron and Bruce Railway-a successful work, which has added largely to the prosperity of the fertile and rapidly improving district through which it passes. Thompson, John, Tilsonburg, On- tario, was born in the town of Wigton, Cum- berland, England, on the 25th June, 1821. He is a son of Isaac Thompson and Mary Pape. Mr. Thompson was a farmer in Eng- land, and cultivated the same farm for many years ; but in later life became the keeper of an hotel. He died in 1858, leav- ing a family of five children. The subject of this sketch was the only son. He received a common school education at Wigton, Eng- land ; but when he reached his thirteenth year, he was apprenticed to George Stud- holme, harness-maker. In 1840, having finished his apprenticeship, he began to work as a journeyman ; but in 1843, being full of ambition, opened an establishment of his own. After a time he removed to Brampton, England, but the road to fortune here was slow ; and lured by the fair reports that now and again reached his ears from the colonies, he set sail for Canada, arriv- ing in due time in Hamilton. He worked for a short period as a journeyman, but during the following year began business for himself in Tilsonburg as a harness-maker. He has continued ever since in the occu- pation, and his industry, his patience, his courage in the face of the most circum- scribing difficulties, have won for him ample success. He might well retire now from business, and spend the remainder of his life upon his creditably won gains ; but he is too active to be still. He has seen many ups and downs in his career, and one in- stance we cannot forbear relating, viz., that when he commenced business for himself, his entire capital consisted of thirty-three dollars in cash, and three sides of harness leather. But what a capital of pluck the man must have had ! He served for four years in the volunteer service in England. In 1867, he was elected a member of the school board for the town of Tilsonburg ; and this office he held for nineteen years. In 1874 he was elected councilman for the same town, and has served in this capacity for eleven years, and was four years in the county council. In 1885, he was elected reeve of the town. Being a man of a large public spirit, he has been actively connected 376 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF with a number of public enterprises. He has been a Freemason for twenty years, and has held several offices in King Hiram lodge, No. 78, Tilsonburg. When in Eng- land he was connected with the Manchester Unity Oddfellows. In political questions Mr. Thompson has always taken a deep in- terest, and he gives his steadfast allegiance to the principles of the Liberal-Conservative party. In religion, he is a staunch adhe- rent of the Church of England. He married, on the 25th March, 1848, Margaret, young- est daughter of the late William Miller, of Wigton, Cumberland, and grand daughter of the late Isaac Thirlwell, of Grape Rigg, Cumberland, England. There has been nine children by this marriage. Joseph Thomp- son, the second eldest son, assists his father in the management of the business. The late John Thompson, the youngest son of our subject, who died in 1882, was known through the country as a singer of much power and culture. Himself and his brother were in the habit of taking part in most of the local concerts under the name of the "Thompson Brothers." Throughout the neighbourhood this young man was re- spected and beloved, and his early death was widely and deeply mourned. William Thompson, the eldest, is engaged in carrriage trimming in Tilsonburg. Joseph Thompson, the second eldest son, in 1885 visited his parent's relatives in Europe, travelling through England, Ireland, and Scotland. Meanwhile, our subject continues at the head of his business enjoying respect and good will. Hope, William, M.D., Sheriff of Hast- ings, who was born on the 15th January, 1815, near Belfast, in County Antrim, Ireland, was the son of John Hope, who was married to Ann Forsyth of the same county. Both families, as the names in- dicate, were originally from Scotland, but they had been settled in Ireland for 200 years before this century began ; and for several generations they had been engaged in the manufacture of fine Irish linen. In 1822 John Hope came from Ireland to King- ston, Canada, with his family. The fact that the trip from Montreal up the river occupied three weeks, gives one a glimpse of the state of things in this country in those days. Robert Hope, now of New- burg, the eldest son of the family, went into business as a general merchant in Bath, then a place of some importance. William was clerk for him for some years, but having decided to study medicine, he went to Kingston, and for some time had the advant- age of attending a school taught by Mr. Jeffers, father of the Rev. Dr. Jeffers, a man whom Dr. Hope recollects as being possessed of much of the intellectual power, which has since distinguished his gifted son. He completed his general studies at the King- ston Grammar school, then taught by a Mr. Baxter, a famous teacher of those days, under whose rod most of the professional men of the time in the Midland district passed in their youth. Young Hope then went into the office of Dr. Samson of King- ston. This gentleman had a reputation throughout the Upper Province for skill, such as could hardly be acquired in these days by any medical man. He had come to this country before or during the war, as surgeon to the 104th, and on the removal of that regiment from this country, he was in- duced to resign his commission, and settle in Kingston, twelve of the principal families there entering into a regular contract to pay him £25 each a year for his life, thus secur- ing him an annuity of £300, an income which was very much augmented by his ex- tensive general practice. Mr. Hope studied and saw practice with him for several years, attending lectures meanwhile at the Univer- sity of the State of New York, where he graduated M.D. in January, 1838. He took out his license under the Medical Board of Upper Canada in the following April. Dr Hope at once settled in Belle- ville, where for forty-three years he devoted himself assiduously to the practice of his profession. His extensive, and in the earlier days of bad roads, very laborious practice, did not, however, engross his whole atten- tion : everything that made for the improve- ment of the community, had not only his sympathy, but his active support. He was for years a member of the old board of police, and when our municipal system came into operation, he was for a long time a member of the town council ; he was mayor in 1860, when the Prince of Wales visited Canada, and lay off Belleville on a lake steamer for some hours, but, for reasons which need not now be entered upon, did not land. Dr. Hope was for many years a school trustee, and was largely instrumental in introducing the free school system into Belleville, the first municipality in which it was established in Upper Canada. The writer has often heard Dr. Hope speak of the cordiality with which he and the present minister of customs, the Hon. M. Bowell, worked together in this matter, though in matters of general politics they were as far apart as men could be under our free CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 377 constitution. Dr. Hope was appointed sur- geon to the county jail by the Quarter Sessions when the county was first establish- ed ; he was also surgeon to the Deaf and Dumb Institute from its beginning; he held both these appointments until he re- signed them on becoming sheriff. He was appointed surgeon in the second battalion of Hastings militia in 1847. The writer holds a commission in the same bloodless corps, and is proud to know that if they have never been led to victory, they have never suffered defeat. He was a member of the board of examiners of the Medical Council for the years 1871 and 1872 ; and his professional brethren elected him for many years presi- dent of the Belleville Medical Society, an honour which he resigned into their hands, on retiring from active practice. Dr. Hope married in 1843, Augusta, only daughter of the late Sheriff Spencer, of Northumberland. Her only brother is George B. Spencer, of Winnipeg, who organized the customs ser- vice in Manitoba and the North-West, and remained at its head until his retirement from active service a few months ago. Dr. Hope was a member of the Bible Society from its first organization in Belleville, and has been several times, and is now the president of that branch. He early recog- nized the unwisdom of the drinking usages of those days, and nearly forty years ago be- came, and has ever since been a pronounced temperance man. One familiar only with the public sentiment of to-day, can get no just idea of the moral courage of such a course at that time. Dr. Hope was all his life a consistent and active member of the Liberal party ; he clung to it and fought for it in every vicissitude of its fortunes without hope of reward or regard for defeat, and it was esteemed by his fellow citizens of every shade of politics as a graceful recognition of unselfish devotion to principle, when he was appointed by Mr. Mowat's government in April, 1881, sheriff of the county, in which he had lived so long and so worthily. Head, Sir Edmund Walker, was a kindred of the impulsive and enthusiastic Sir Francis Bond Head, who came in for so much criticism during the rebellion of 1837-8. Sir Edmund was born at the Her- mitage, near Rochester, Kent, in 1805. His father was the Reverend Sir John Head, M.A., seventh baronet and perpetual curate of Egerton, in Kent. He was edu- cated at Oriel College, Oxford, taking a first-class in classics. He also became a fel- low of Mereton College. Sir Edmund was by nature a student, and through his indus- try he became a man of varied knowledge, and possessed considerable culture. He studied politics much as he studied Sopho- cles or hydrostatics, that is to say, accur- ately, logically, or, better still, scientifically. He even so far concerned himself about two words, " shall " and " will," as to write a. book upon them. This, of course, the writer does not cite by way of admiration ;-a man who goes around the world with a microscope in his hand must needs, when giving up hi& labours, leave a large portion of creation that he has not seen at all. A German pro- fessor devoted his life to writing about the five Cases, and his greatest regret, when upon his death-bed, was that he had not confined himself to the Nominative case. An article written by young Head in the Foreign Quarterly Review attracted the at- tention of the Marquis of Lansdowne, who suggested to the clever young writer that he ought to study ecclesiastical law. The ad- vice was accepted. He was subsequently appointed to an assistant poor-law commis- sionership, at a salary of £1,000 per annum. His administration was so satisfactory that he was soom appointed commissioner at a doubled salary. In 1838, upon the death of his father, he succeeded to the family title. In the same year he married Anna Maria, daughter of the Rev. Philip Yorke. In 1847, he was appointed lieutenant-gov- ernor of New Brunswick, which position he held till 1854, when he became governor- general of British North America, succeed- ing Lord Elgin. He was not very long in Canada before he found out that he was get- ting into hot water. It was a bone of fierce strife between the Conservatives, under John A. Macdonald, George E. Cartier, and others, and the Liberals, led by that uncom- promising and powerful reformer, George Brown. It was during his administration that occurred what is known as the "double- shuffle." He would not bend to the wishes of George Brown, and strove hard to demol- ish the contentions of that leonine reformer by a state paper which is one of the cleverest among the minor papers that we have in Canada. Mr. Brown and his followers at- tributed certain unworthy motives to the governor-general, because he would not grant a dissolution ; and it was even said that a judge of the bench leagued himself with the tories, and gained possession of Sir Edmund's ear. Never has viceroy been assailed with such harsh criticism as was he. He died at his town house in Eaton square, London, on the 28th of January, 1868. By his death the baronetcy became extinct. 378 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Farrer, Edward, Chief Editorial Writer of the staff of the Mail newspaper, Toronto, was born near Castlebar, County of Mayo, Ireland, in the year 1850. The name in Connaught is generally written ''Farragher." Mr Farrer received a most careful educational training, and after hav- ing passed through primary institutions en- tered Stoneyhurst College, England. Hav- ing terminated the regular course here, be proceeded to Rome, where he completed his education. When he had attained his twentieth year (1870) he came to Canada ; was for a time on the editorial staff of the Daily Telegraph, and upon the establish- ment of the Toronto Mail, in 1872, joined Hie editorial staff of that paper. He re- mained with the Mail till 1881, when he went to New York, engaging there as for- eign editor of the World. This connection lasted for a little better than a year, when strong inducements held out to Mr. Farrer prevailed ; and he proceeded to Winnipeg, remaining there for two years as editor of the Times newspaper. In the fall of 1884, ■he returned to the Mail, Martin J. Griffin, librarian of the Parliamentary library of Canada, being then chief writer of the edi- torial staff. On Mr. Griffin's retirement, Mr. Farrer took the leading place, and at the present time occupies that position; Christopher W. Bunting being the managing director of the paper. Mr. Farrer, who is a very finished scholar, has made much ■careful study of the language of our Indian tribes, and the kindness of Archbishop Tache has opened many desirable doors to him in this direction. We are promised, that, should Mr. Farrer find time, he will some day put the result of his researches in Indian philology into permanent shape. It would not be a sketch of Mr. Farrer which failed to make mention of his ability as a writer, and the individualities of his style. We may at once get at the main point of the matter by saying that he is, beyond ■question, the ablest writer connected with the political press of Canada. There is not, so far as our observation goes, another journalist amongst us whose judg- ment and tact can at all times be relied upon with such confidence as his. Although his writing is by no means devoid of pass'on ■and fire, these are so admirably tempered, and held within check, that the skill of the man never loses its sway. As for his liter- ary style, there is no exaggeration in saying that it is admirable; and it is a cause for -surprise to those who are at all judges of literary matters, how, in the hurry which his position must necessarily impose on him he can pay such attention to his art. The chief characteristics of Mr. Farrer's sentences are their sheer directness, their absence of wordy adornment, the fitness and nicely judged aptness of the epithets used, and with all these qualities there is an ex- quisite lightness of touch, which brings the most overwhelming sentences to you upon tip-toe. There is a sober cadence, a serious- ness and a dignity through all his serious subjects ; and the unobtrusive, but potent rhythmical balance of his sentences so please the ear, that one likes to linger over his periods. It has been Mr. Farrer's lot to occupy the first chair of the Mail during more than one important occasion. When we adopted a national policy, reformers cried out that such a measure would endan- ger British connection. To our subject is attributed the retort on the morning follow- ing, " Then so much the worse for British connection." In the late pitiable outburst oc- casioned by the execution of Louis Riel, Mr. Farrer's pen has been used in such a way in the Mail as to delight every conservative who has read, and to win, as we believe time will show, many a reformer to the ranks of conservatism. The article headed, " A Grave Crisis " is, in our judgment, the ablest, the j ustest, and the most convincing, that we have ever read in a Canadian news- paper. Wright, Rev. Joel Tombleson, Rector, St. James' Church, St. Mary's, was born at Upwell, Isle of Ely, England, on the 16th March, 1834. His mother was of Hu- guenot descent, and for several generations, the family, on his. father's side, had resided on and managed their own estate in the Isle of Ely. While an infant, the subject of our sketch was left an orphan, and at an early age was placed in the care of the Rev. Robert Reynoldson, of Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire, England, receiving a liberal education. The lad remained under this tutorship for nine years, afterwards residing successively in Norfolk, Cambridge, and Essex counties, until the year 1855. He then came to Can- ada, repairing to Oxford county, Ontario, where, while under the pastoral care of the Venerable Archdeacon Marsh, he concluded to enter the ministry of the Church of Eng- land, and, after due study, was admitted to holy orders by the Right Rev. Benjamin Cronyn, at the opening of Christ Church, Chatham, Ontario, in 1861. The following year, he was admitted to the order of priest- hood by the same bishop, in St. Paul's Church, London. He was incumbent of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 379 Wardsville and places adjacent in Middlesex county, for over eight years ; then removed to St. Mary's, Ontario, becoming the rector of St. James' church. This pastorate he still holds, and has held for a period of fifteen years. During the incumbency of his first parish, he took part in the erection of three Gothic brick churches at Newbery, Glencoe and Bothwell. At St. Mary's, the plain but solid stone church underwent alteration and renovation at a cost of six thousand dollars, and ranks among the finest in the diocese. He was plaintiff in the celebrated Chancery suit of Wright vs. the Synod of Huron, in- stituted on behalf of himself and the other clergy of the diocese. The action was for the purpose of determining the nature of the Clergy Trust, which had been created by the clergy at the time of the seculariz- ation of the Clergy Reserves ; and to obtain a proper construction thereof, as to the power of a corporation in the administra- tion of a trust committed to it. The main points were, whether the synod was amen- able to its constitution, and the determina- tion of the tenure upon which the clergy held the appropriation of an annuity under the trust-whether as a vested right, or sub- ject to the same being diverted by the trus- tees. The importance and magnitude of the case arose from the circumstance, that all incorporated societies were concerned as to the power they possessed in the administra- tion of trust funds committed to them. Vice-Chancellor Proudfoot, in the Chancery court, interpreted the trust in the plaintiffs favour, which judgment was reversed by the Court of Appeal. The plaintiff carried the case to the Supreme Court, and, whilst two of the judges were in favour of the Vice- Chancellor, two were in favour of sustaining the judgment of the Court of Appeal, a fifth being dubitante, decided against the plain- tiff. Notice was then given to appeal the case to the judicial committee of the Privy Council of England, and for this purpose an association was formed. The sympathy, not only of the members of the English church, but of all Christian bodies, was in favour of the plaintiff on the ground of equity. The case was commenced in 1881, and reached the Supreme Court in Decem- ber, 1884. The circumstance of one clergy- man contending single-handed against a synodical body for so long a time, is with- out precedent in the annals of synod- ical church government. The case is still in statu quo. In the year 1879, Mr. Wright published a work on Constitu- tional government and Synod legislation, which received wide and careful attention. He has filled the office of grand chaplain to the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Ma- sons, having been elected at Ottawa in 1883, his mother lodge being Albion, No. 80, G. R. of Canada. He lectured and preached upon the morality of Freemasonry; and a sermon upon "The Hearing Ear" was published at the request of St. James' lodge, No. 73, and widely circulated. This address was a defence of the principles of the order. He was married, on March loth, 1860, at Portland, Maine, U.S., by the Rev. Dr. Burgess, afterwards bishop of the diocese of Quincy, Illinois, to Annie Ind Wells, of Ful- bourn, Cambridgeshire, England, a mem- ber of the family of the well-known English brewers, Ind, Cope & Co., Romford, Essex, and cousin of the Rev. James Ind Weldon, D.D., and Rev. Edward Ind Weldon, late head master of Tunbridge school, Kent, England, the former subsequently being rector of a parish in the County of Kent, and canon of Canterbury Cathedral. Her brother, John Wells, M. A., was for some time head master of the High school, Alla- habad, India, instituted for the higher edu- cation of the sons of native gentlemen, and under the direction of the Calcutta Diocesan Church Society. The family consist of three children, two daughters and a son. Mr. Wright, it only has to be said in conclusion, is a gentleman of extensive and varied read- ing ; he is a sound scholar, a close reasoner, a good platform speaker, and an effective preacher. He is soundly orthodox, and a faithful adherent of the Evangelical school. He is popular among all classes, and as a gentleman enjoys high esteem. An official of the Masonic order, he receives the high regard of the craft. Score, Richard John, of the firm of Score & Sons, Tailors and Furnishers, Toronto, was born in Toronto, on the 9th of March, 1842. He is a son of Richard Score and Harriet Curtiss. The subject of this sketch pursued the first portion of his educational studies in the Toronto schools. After leaving the Grammar school, he at- tended the Academy at the old town of Niagara, conducted by the Reverend T. D. Phillips. After completing his education, he associated himself in business with his father, who had been a pioneer in trade during the days when Toronto was known as Muddy York. By the strictest attention to his business, and by a very marked capa- city for commercial enterprise, the junior member in this old-established industry suceeded in spreading the business of the 380 A CYCLOPEDIA OF house through all the provinces of the Do- minion, till at this moment the establish- ment is one of the largest retail importers of furnishings and fine woollens in the coun- try. Mr. Score is a gentleman of large public spirit, and he is a member of the Toronto Board of Trade. Though he has never specially identified himself with the affairs of party, he is an earnest, stead- fast Conservative, and has frequently de- clined nomination for a place on the school board and in the civic council. He has, however, devoted his attention largely to Sunday-school work, and he has for the last four years been superintendent of the Elm street Methodist Sunday-school, one of the largest schools in Canada, having an aver- age attendance of 525 persons. He is also one of the board of managers of Elm street church. Mr. Score married Clarissa, second daughter of Thomas Metcalf, one of our oldest and most worthy citizens, and has issue four sons and two daughters. The two eldest sons are associated in business with their father. Rolston, William II., Toronto, was born in the City of Toronto, on March 27 th, 1841. He is a son of William Rolston and Sarah Jones. His parents were married in 1838, at Toronto. William Rolston, sen- ior, learned the trade of carpenter and builder in Longford, Ireland, in which county he was likewise born. In 1837, he sailed for Canada, landing in Toronto, and shortly afterwards he took part in the Mac- kenzie rebellion, upon the loyalist side, act- ing as an ensign. He, with his brother John, who emigrated with him, soon found employment with the firm of John Ritchie, builder, and at this business, and in the same firm, the two continued for no less than nineteen years. During the South- ern rebellion, they crossed over to the American side and entered into the employ of the War department in building pontoon bridges for the Northern army. Immedi- ately upon peace being proclaimed, they re- turned to Toronto. Our subject's father then entered into partnership with his brother, John Rolston, in a small carpenter and jobbing business, and remained so until his death, which occurred in 1870. Mrs. Rolston died in 1858. Young Rolston, our subject, was educated in the City of Toronto, attending the Model school for a period. When in his fifteenth year, he was set to learn the trade of mason and bricklayer, in the employ of Worthington Bros., and he was employed in the building of the Univer- sity of Toronto. In 1863, master of his trade, he left Toronto and went to Barrie, as contractor for the building of the resi- dence of Dalton McCarthy, M.P. When Mr. Rolston was in Barrie, being an expert in setting boilers, he was engaged by W. E. Dodge & Co,, Williamsport, Penn., U. S., to set the boilers in their mills on the Maganetawan river, north shore of Georgian Bay. After his arrival at the head of the Maganetawan, it took him seven days on snowshoes to reach his destination. From this we learn something of the difficulties to be surmounted by contractors in those days, and the energy and perseverance neces- sary to make a successful life. He re- mained in Barrie, engaged as a builder, un- til 1878, when he went to Buffalo, U. S. While in this city, he was in the employ of the municipality, as inspector of Bird av- enue sewer. In 1882, he left Buffalo and returned to Canada. He then accepted a contract from John Livingston, for the erec- tion of the Bolt works at the Humber, a suburb of Toronto, and he concluded the con- tract in 1883. He was employed during the following year by the city council of To- ronto, as inspector of sewers ; and while he held this position, the well-known Garrison creek sewer came under his supervision. Some time afterwards, he severed his con- nection with the city, and began for himself as builder and contractor. Mr. Rolston be- longs to the Ancient Order of United Work- men, to the Oddfellows, and to the Sons of Canada. He is secretary of Toronto lodge, S. O. C., No. 3. In his youth he attended the Episcopal church, but in later years his religious sympathies have led him into Meth- odism. He is a sturdy Conservative in pol- itics, and has held office several times in local associations. He married, on the 16th December, 1863, Harriet Rosetta Holds- worth, daughter of John Holdsworth, a resident of Barrie, and one of the oldest and most respected residents of that town. Girard, Marc Amablc, St. Boniface, Manitoba, was born at Varennes, a village fif- teen miles distant from Montreal, on the 25th of April, 1822. He is French by descent, and his ancestors were farmers. The home- stead whereon he was born still exists, and has lasted for 200 years. His grandfather lived there for sixty-two years, and his father for sixty years a married life. M. A. Girard at first attended the parish school, but sub- sequently entered college at St. Hyacinthe. When he left Varennes, in 1870, he was cap- tain of the reserve in his military district. Once through college he chose as a pro- fession the law. In the beginning of 1839, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 381 he signed articles of clerkship with the late Honourable M. Lacoste, a notary, practising at Boucherville, and afterwards a senator of the Dominion. In February, 1844, he was called to be a notary of Lower Canada, and returning to Varennes, began to prac- tice his profession, continuing to do so till August, 1870. During these twenty-six years, he filled the position of county councillor, mayor of Varennes village, and secretary- treasurer of the school board, and he was in possession of all these offices when he left his native place for Manitoba. He in- duced Sir George Cartier to accept the re- presentation of the County of Vercheres, in 1847, and accepting this advice, the great Canadian statesman was elected by a good majority. To write at full length the biography of M. Girard would be to de- scribe the condition of the country before, during, and after the first rebellion un- der Louis Riel. After General Wolesley's troops had frightened the rebels out of their stronghold, the Honourable Adam G. Archibald was invested with the governor- ship of the newly-acquired province, sup- planting the Honourable William MacDou- gall, whose official connection with the terri* tory was so disastrous. Mr. Archibald, of course, found it necessary to establish a government and arrange chaos into order. He at first set about putting the Manitoba law into operation; and to do this called to his aid two gentlemen of experience, ability and prudence. One of the gentle- men called, was Alfred Boyd, a man of large means, and now resident in England; and he was chosen because he was an Eng- lishman and to represent the English sec- tion. Amongst the French people towered one man, and he was M. Girard, the sub- ject of this sketch. He was summoned on behalf of the French people, and his ap- pointment was received with unmeasured expressions of satisfaction. These two gentlemen were sworn in members of the Govornor's Council, on the 17th of Sep- tember, 1870, and immediately afterwards, at a lunch in the Hudson Bay Company's quarters, the toast of the new government was proposed by the Honourable Donald A. Smith. The lieutenant-governor with his ministers had now to determine the basis upon which the new province would begin under the law. The first general election took place in December; and M. Girard was elected by acclamation for St. Boniface, the people having come to feel unbound- ed confidence in his wisdom, integrity and capacity. In 1871, he was called to the Senate, and nominated senior member of the North-West Council; and hereupon he resigned his place in the local government, the Honourable M. Royal taking the vacat- ed place. In 1873,-the Honourable Mr. Morris being now lieutenant governor of the province-after a vote of want of con- fidence in the administration had been passed, M. Girard was called upon to form a government and did so. " The first con- stitutional government," says an extract from an ably written and published letter before us, "was formed under the leader- ship of M. Girard. As I remarked in a previous letter that gentleman is such per- sona grata to all parties, that on this and subsequent occasions, his high character and personal popularity afforded the means of forming a government to pass the important measures then before the house, and carry on the public business until matters had so shaped themselves as to enable the forma- tion of a permanent cabinet." At one time, when he had withdrawn from the local legislature, the Honourable M. Cauchon, lieutenant-governor of Manitoba, with M. Norquay, as premier, telegraphed to M. Girard at Varennes, offering him a place in his government, and this gentleman accept- ed the Provincial secretaryship, subsequent- ly becoming Minister of Agriculture, it was in the latter capacity that he presided upon the organization of the first provincial Board of Agriculture. As above stated, M. Girard was senior member of the North West Council, as long as that body existed, and it was his brain that devised much of the most important early legislation for that new and important portion of our Dominion. His advice as an administrator has always been characterised by breadth of view, by extensive acquaintance with the subject in hand, and by a broadly patriotic spirit. In the Senate his career has been an active one. An amendment of his to a bill before the chamber, was carried provid- ing that the French language as well as the English, should be used in the public and official documents. The change of the Pacific Railway from the narrows of Lake Manitoba to the south of the said lake, is in great part due to the efforts made by a special committee of the Senate, which was formed at his request, and over which he presided during two consecutive sessions. M. Girard was appointed to the bar of Manitoba in 1870, and he was the first president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, and president of the Society of Coloniza- tion and Selkirk Agricultural Society. He 382 A CYCLOPEDIA OF was married in 1878, in the Cathedral of Montreal, by Bishop Fabre, to Marie Louise Aurelie La Mothe, widow of the late Alfred Versailles ; and he has had two children by this marriage, one daughter and one son ; the girl is living yet, but the boy died in Varennes, in April, 1883. Dobson, James, one of Toronto's old- est and most esteemed citizens, was born in Mohill, County of Leitrim, Ireland, in 1810. His father was Matthew Dobson, and his mother Ann Park. This worthy couple came to Canada at the close of the French wars, the father of Mr. Dobson having been a soldier, and served for nearly twenty-one years in the British army, retiring with a quarter-master's pension at the end of that period. When James Dobson was seven- teen years of age, he was bound as an ap- prentice to Francis Irwin, architect and builder, Carrick-on-Shannon, Ireland, and faithfully served a period of seven years. On the completion of his apprenticeship, about 1834, he sailed for Canada, and after his arrival, spent some time in the eastern part of the country, and the following year came west, and found employment with the late George H. White, in Yorkville, now part of the City of Toronto. After spend- ing some time in Canada, he removed to New York, where he remained for a short period, and again took up his abode in Yorkville, purchasing a house and lot a little south of where the old town hall now stands, and began to work at his trade. He had not been long settled here when the rebellion of 1837 broke out, and Mr. Dobson took up arms on the so-called loyal side, joining a company of volunteers under the captaincy of Walter McKenzie, with John Hillyard Cameron as lieutenant. Peace having been restored, Mr. Dobson returned to his business. At this time things were very different from what they are now in Yorkville. The population of the village did not number a great many, yet the moral and religious welfare of the rising generation was sadly neglected, there being no schools, and only one small frame church, erected by the Primitive Metho- dists. Mr. Dobson generously gave up his house- while a new church was being built -for religious purposes, and for a Sunday- school. He also assisted greatly to have a school and temperance hall erected, and succeeded in his laudable work. Mr. Dob- son, having succeeded in amassing a consid- erable amount of property, retired from the building business in 1851, and opened a store for the sale of merchandise, being also made postmaster for the village. In 1863,. Mr. Dobson was made a justice of the peace for the County of York ; in 1868 he was made a commissioner for taking affidavits in B. R., and in 1870 he was appointed issuer of marriages, all of which positions he still holds. In 1852, Mr. Dobson took an active part in having Yorkville incorporated, and when the first election for the council was held, he was chosen one of the five, and was made reeve of the new municipality. He remained a member of the council for seven years, and was twice elected chair- man. During the whole public career of this worthy man, he has taken a deep inter- est in all that pertains to the well-being of his fellow-citizens. He has been foremost in all church work, and in the temperance reform movement no one has shown more enthusiasm, or spent more time and money in advancing the principles he has during his long lifetime loved. In religion Mr. Dobson is a Methodist, and in politics a Re- former. In 1840, Mr. Dobson married Sarah Ann, daughter of the late Captain Moore, of York township, a veteran who- fought under General Brock, and was wound- ed at the battle of Queenston Heights. The issue of this marriage was eight children, two of whom died in infancy. Three sons and three daughters are now grown up to do- credit to the good training they received in their youth. Taken all in all, Mr. Dobson has had a successful career, and one that can with safety be taken as an example of what may be achieved by perseverance and upright dealing in this fair Canada of ours. Merrill, William, Norwich, Ontario, was born in the town of Batavia, State of New York, in 1817. His parents were Bald- win Merrill and Mary Heath. In 1818 the family left the United States and came to Can- ada, settling near Fort Erie. This was after the war of 1812-15, in which Mr. Merrill, sen., took part. He at once betook himself to farming, and so continued until 1833, when he removed to the village of Norwich, Ox- ford county. He purchased a farm in the township, and settled down again to the life of a farmer. He remained here until his- death in 1864. Mrs. Merrill died in 1872. A family of ten children remained, and of these William, the subject of this sketch, was the fourth. William Merrill received his education at the common schools, and when he was in his eighteenth year, began to learn the trade of cooper. When this trade was mastered, he commenced business for himself in Norwich, continuing in the same for ten years. In 1845 he gave up the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 383 cooper business, and resolved to try his luck at lumber ; so he began by purchasing tim- ber lands in the township of Burford, Brant, and hereupon erected large saw-mills. Since that time, now about sixteen years ago, he has continued in this business. He added a large plaining mill, and occupied himself partially in building and contracting. He likewise manufactured cheese boxes, being the first in the locality to make that class of goods. To facilitate his now estab- lished and thriving business, in 1885 he removed his planing operations to Nor- wich. In 1881, he took into partnership his son, William S., and the firm is now known as Merrill, Son & Co. Mr. Mer- rill, we may say, has built some of the largest edifices in this part of the country, among which may be numbered schools and churches. The firm employs during the year round about thirty-five men. In 1845 Mr. Merrill was elected councillor for the township of Norwich, and in 1870 he was appointed a justice of the peace. He was connected in the building of the Huron and Port Dover Railway. He built all the sta- tions on the line, and was interested in the road to the extent of $50,000, but unfortun- ately he came out of the undertaking a very heavy loser. He always has taken an inter- est in political affairs, and is a prominent Liberal in his locality. He is a class leader in the Norwich Methodist church ; and has been a member of the official board for forty years. He married, in 1874, Eliza Jane, daughter of the late Joseph Woodrow, one of the old pioneers of the township of Nor- wich. The issue of the marriage is eight children. We have only to add in summing up this successful and praiseworthy career, that Mr. Merrill is eminently a self-made man, who has achieved everything through his own wise, energetic and honourable exertions. Sylvester, Capt. Solomon, Toronto, was born in the township of Scarboro', York, Ontario, on the 16th June, 1837. His father was Samuel Sylvester, and his moth- er was Janet Taylor. This worthy couple were married in Canada, and settled upon a farm in the township of Scarboro'. They were among the very first pioneers of this tract of the province, and took up their abode about nine miles from Toronto. Mr. Sylvester, senr., died about 1845, leaving five children, two girls and three boys, and Solomon was the third in the family. They all received such an education as the period and the place afforded, and Salomon with the rest attended regularly the public schools. But he had always expressed a strong desire to go to sea, and when he was in his thirteenth year, he proceeded to carry his wish into execution. He did not go as far as the briny ocean, but resolved to seek his fortune upon the inland seas. He first went on board the Atlantic, in 1857, he being; then in his twentieth year, and became mas- ter, and held that position in several vessels until 1869, when he gave up this business. In this year he joined in partnership with> his brother Daniel, and James H. Hickman,, the firm being styled Sylvester Brothers & Hickman, and they began as wharfingers and general storagemen, in premises on the Esplanade. The business prospered. In 1879 Mr. Hickman died, and the name was changed to Sylvester Brothers, Solomon being the senior partner. In addition to Mr. Sylvester's interest in this business, he is owner and part owner of several steam- boats and vessels sailing on the lakes. Dur- ing the Trent excitement Mr. Sylvester joined the Naval Brigade, under Captain W. F. McMaster, and was stationed in Toronto, and he held the office of mister mate, the highest position that could be at- attained. Mr. Sylvester has been a member of ttie Odd-Fellows' association, and held office in that order. He also belonged to the Sons of Temperance, and in that society occupied for years the position of recording scribe. Most successful business men feel it incumbent to travel, and our subject has visited the chief cities in Canada and the United States. His religious views are those of Presbyterianism, and he is manager and elder of the West Presbyterian church, Tor- onto. In politics he binds himself to the creed of the Reform party, and is an advocate of liberal measures in the full and best sense of the word. He married in 1867, Janet Paterson, widow of the late Robert Pater- son, of Kingston, Ontario. The issue of the marriage is five children, two boys and three girls. Yarker, George Wheatley.-The success of George W. Yarker is the success of a man of resource. This is the clue te his good fortune ; and, as is often the case with successful men, he owes his advance- ment in life to gifts, partly natural and partly acquired. In Mr. Yarker's case, while he has great natural abilities, these have been improved by training and dis- cipline, so that when the flood-tide of oppor- tunity came, it found him equipped and ready for his work. This is the lesson so- many of us need ; to regard success as the outcome of preparation, rather than as the- 384 A CYCLOPEDIA OF result of luck or opportunity. As a rule, we forget to get ready to do things before we begin, and alas ! so often fail, to do them. In Mr. Yarker's remarkable career, the re- verse of this truth has had a remarkable ■exemplification. The subject of our sketch, though a Canadian, is a descendant of an old English family, which, for over four hundred years, has held lands in Yorkshire. Sir Bern- ard Burke, in his " Landed Gentry," says that the family of Yarker, in its existing branches, derives from Ley burn Hall, Ley burn, parish of Wensley, Yorkshire, where for many generations its representatives peaceably en- joyed their feudal holdings, meddling neither in politics nor in commerce. The family motto, la fin couronne les oeuvres (the end crowns the work) would indicate that its founders lived in no ignoble ease, and were eonscious of the rectitude of their acts, and ■confident that they would meet with final approval. From the Quebec Almanac of 1815, we learn that Mr. Yarker's grandfather, Robert Yarker, came to Canada during the War of 1812-14, as deputy paymaster gen- eral of the forces, and was stationed at Mon- treal, where he died in 1835. The son of this officer, and father of the subject of our present sketch, became a resident of King- ston, where he was a well-known leader in society and patron of the turf. He died in 1847, at Kingston, where Geo. W. Yarker, our present subject, was born, on the 28th of March, 1836. Mr. Yarker received his education at the old Grammar School, at Queen's College Preparatory School, and at Queen's College, Kingston. In 1854 he began his banking career in the office of the Trust ,& Loan Co., Kingston ; but two years after- wards he left its employment to enter the Bank of Montreal as a junior, in whose service he uninterruptedly remained for nearly thirty years, rising by successive steps to the position of teller, accountant, agent, manager, and inspector. In 1873 he was sent to London, England, in charge of the bank's business, and remained at the head of that agency for over a year. But he is best known, however, as manager of the Bank of Montreal at Toronto, a position he was chosen to fill in 1868, on the import- ant occasion of the withdrawal of the late Archibald Greer as manager, and the Hon. Wm. MacMaster as local director, to estab- lish the rival Bank of Commerce. In this breach, though very young, Mr. Yarker provedhimself theright man, and throughout enjoyed the confidence of the commercial, governmental, stock-broking and banking classes of the community, whose relations with the bank were always made pleasant by the uniform courtesy and accessibility of the manager, as well as by the talent and nice sense of honour he displayed in all his transactions. But Mr. Yarker's methods were not only able and honourable, they were broad and elastic. In the management of his great trust, while he was eminently conservative in his dealings, he never tied himself hand and foot to the old' school traditions of banking. In many large tran- sactions he was a fearless though safe oper- ator, possessing experience, nerve, and a calm judgment. While holding personally aloof from schemes and speculations, in which he had many opportunities of joining, he gave the bank's legitimate aid in further- ing not a few enterprises, which proved of advantage to the city and province. As the banker and trusted adviser of several rail- ways, while under construction, he was of great service, alike to the projects them- selves and to the institution he so effi- ciently managed. Such schemes as the following had the benefit of his aid and counsel : the Credit Valley R. R., the Toron- to, Grey & Bruce, the Grand Junction, the Georgian Bay and Lake Erie, Central Ontario and the Prince Edward railways. During his long incumbency Mr. Yarker served the Bank of Montreal with signal zeal and devotion, under the general man- agements of Mr. Davidson, Mr. King, Mr. Angus, Mr. Smythers, and Mr. Bu- chanan. But the time came when Mr. Yarker was induced, from a sense of public duty, as he stated to his old friends, to sever his relations with the Bank of Montreal, and to give a Western bank, at a grave juncture of its affairs, the benefit of his abilities and experience. This step he was loth to take, not only because he was naturally attached to the traditions and methods of the Bank of Montreal, but because by virtue of long service, he had acknowledged claims on the pension fund of that institution, and in a few years was entitled to retire with a large annuity. In June, 1884, however, at a grave crisis in the history of Can- adian banking, and at a most critical mo- ment in the affairs of the Federal Bank of Canada, Mr. Yarker was urged to take the general management of that bank, which he reluctantly did, and only at the earnest solicitation of its directorate and the man- agers of other banking institutions. The acceptance of this position had an instan- taneous effect in quieting public alarm, and was the means of saving the institu- tion from ruin. Mr. Yarker's famous Re- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 385 port (Nov. 20, 1884), upon the affairs of the bank, was unanimously accepted by the shareholders, as well as by the Parliament of Canada, and was eulogized and advo- cated by the whole press of the country. It disclosed not only skilful and vigorous treat- ment, but a ready power of dealing with large figures and intricate banking ques- tions. In readjusting the stock of the bank, Mr. Yarker was the author of an entirely new feature in bank legislation, which at the time was considered unlikely to meet with the approval of Parliament, but which, after criticism in committees, promptly received the assent of both Houses. Mr. Yarker was a lieutenant in the Canadian Mditia in 1860-61 ; has been a consider- able traveller for pleasure in Europe ; and is an ardent upholder of all manly sports. He has often captained a vic- torious cricket eleven in first-class matches ; is a good tennis player ; a past vice-presi- dent of the Argonaut Rowing Club, and first president of the Bankers' Athletic Association, at the annual games of which he has presided for the last ten years. Cool decision, equanimity of temper, and uniform courtesy, have helped him in the sporting-field as well as in the busy theatre of his life's occupation, and given him an enviable position in the community. Affable in manners, of gentlemanly instincts, and with a chivalrous sense of honour, Mr. Yarker has attached to himself a large circle of friends, and is gratefully regarded by many who have received genuine kindness at his hands, and who esteem him for his warm heart and considerate acts. In 1861 Mr. Yarker married Margaret Fraser, eldest daughter of Hugh Fraser, Esq., of Inver- ness, Scotland, by whom he has two daugh- ters Edith Louise, and Maud Eleanor. Mr. Yarker is an adherent of the Church of England, in what may be called its broad, liberal and moderately high sense. Barclay, Francis, Milton, the subject of this sketch, was born in Scotland, on the 15th of May, 1822. His parents' names were Matthew Barclay and Mary Fleming. Mr. Barclay, senior, at the age of eighteen, entered the British army, joining the artil- lery at Woolwich, and was very soon after sent into active service, and took part in sev- eral of the engagements recorded in the his- tory of the times. He was with Sir John Moore in Spain, serving through the whole of that memorable and unfortunate cam- paign. He was also at the bombardment of Copenhagen, when the British took forcible possession of the Danish fleet. In conse- quence of ill health, he gave up his military life, and returned to his native town, and commenced business as a manufacturer of Paisley shawls, his warehouse being in what is known as Cumberland Court. In 1832, Mr. Barclay, senior, emigrated with his young family to Canada, and commenced farming in the township of Markham, and in 1837, the year of Mackenzie's rebellion, he removed to the township of Trafalgar, in the County of Halton ; but some years before his death he resided in the town of Oakville. He was known and respected as a conscien- tious and honest man and humble Christian. Francis lived upon the farm with his father, till he was about seventeen years of age. This mode of life not suiting him, and hav- ing somewhat of a restless disposition, he left the farm and tried several occupations, amongst others that of school teacher, but finally turned his attention to a business life, and in the spring of 1848, in partner- ship with the late Peter McDougald, of Oakville, commenced a business in the vil- lage of Georgetown, County of Halton. In 1849, Mr. McDougald retired, leaving the business with Mr. Barclay, which he car- ried on with success, extending it year by year, and by his spirit of enterprise and character for fair dealing, secured a strong hold upon the confidence of the public. In the autumn of 1863, he found it advisable to make a change in his business, and took into partnership two young men who were clerks with him-James McLean and Wil- liam McLeod-the style of the firm being, McLean, McLeod & Co., Mr. Barclay being a silent partner, but manager of the busi- ness. Mr. McLean dying in 1865, the bus- iness was continued by Mr. Barclay, with Mr. McLeod as junior partner, under the style of Barclay, McLeod & Co. This firm built up the largest retail business in the county. In 1871, Mr. Barclay sold out his business in Georgetown and removed to To- ronto, and engaged in a wholesale boot and shoe business in the old Iron Block, Front street, which was burned down in 1872, and, along with many others in that unfortunate fire, he suffered a heavy loss. After wind- ing up his business in Toronto, he returned to Halton, and carried on business in Milton and Georgetown. In the spring of 1881, the death of the late Thomas Racey created a vacancy in the registrarship for the County of Halton, to which Mr. Barclay was ap- pointed, and still holds the position. Mr. Barclay is one of the old justices of the peace for the county ; was the second reeve to represent Georgetown in the county 386 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF council ; he also represented Milton at the county council board as reeve ; and, had his ambition run in that direction, would have been asked to contest the county for a seat in parliament. Mr. Barclay in religion is a Presbyterian, and in politics a decided Liberal. He is of a genial and kindly dis- position, but uncompromising with all shams and false pretences. Robertson, Alexander, Belleville, Ontario, M.P. for West Hastings, was born at Trenton, County of Hastings, Province of Ontario, on the 5th of December, 1838. He is a son of William Robertson, lumber mer- chant, who came to Canada from Glenelg, Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1827. Our sub- ject's father married on the 2nd November, 1837, Jane Simmons, a native of Canada, and daughter of a United Empire loyalist. At the wedding Sir John A. Macdonald acted as groomsman. Wm. Robertson, who died in 1861, was a descendant of the Robertsons, of Strowan, a race who were noted for their bravery and fine physique. When James I. was murdered in Black Friar's monastery, in presence of the Queen and her attendants, by Sir Robert Graham, the murderer made his escape to the Highlands, hiding in the Braes-o'-Mar, where he was captured by Robert, grandson of Robert of Athol, founder of the Clan Robertson. For this brave deed, and the taking of Graham to the Queen, he was rewarded with a Crown charter, dated in 1452, erecting a large quan- tity of lands into a free barony, and also with a coat of arms,-A naked man mana- cled, under the achievement, with the motto, " Virtutis gloria merces. The family moved from Trenton to Belleville when Alexander was seven years old, and he was educated in the Grammar school. He afterwards studied law with George E. Henderson, Q.C. He was called to the bar in 1864, and has practiced his profession in Belleville ever since. He is now a member of the firm of Robertson & Thomas. Mr. Robertson was a member of the town council from 1864 until 1870, when he was elected mayor. He was also elected mayor at the inauguration of the city in 1878, and again by acclamation in 1879. He has done much to beautify and build up the city, and advance its material and other interests, having erected in 1876 the elegant brick block, known as the " Robertson Block," on the east side of Front street, and a similar one, in 1879, on the west side. He served as captain in the Argyle Light Infantry at Prescott during the Fenian excitement of 1866. In politics he is a Conservative. In 1873, he was offered by acclamation the membership in the House of Commons for East Hastings, but de- clined. In 1879, at the urgent request of his many friends, he became a candidate for the Local Legislature in West Hastings, and was elected over Thomas Holden, by a large majority ; but in 1882 he resigned his seat to become a candidate for the House of Com- mons at the general election, and defeated James Brown, his opponent, and he is now the representative for this riding. He is a member and trustee of St. Andrew's Pres- byterian church ; a prominent member of the Masonic order, and a Forester, and he takes a lively interest in promoting and en- couraging public games and manly sports. He was married in June, 1870, to Mary Georgina, eldest daughter of Dr. Robert Stewart, of Belleville. She died in 1874, leaving one child, Ethel Jane, born in July, 1871. Mrs. Robertson was a woman of kind and genial disposition, having a special talent for music, and being much beloved by a large circle of friends. Her death was a serious loss to society in Belleville. Moss, diaries, Q.C., Barrister, Toron- to, was born at Cobourg, Ontario, on the 8th March, 1840. His father, John Moss, was born near Maryborough, Queen's county, Ireland, and his mother first saw the light in Belfast, Ireland. They were married in 1835, at Cobourg, but in 1846 removed to Toronto, where they continued to reside for the remainder of their lives, [vide sketch of the late Chief Justice Moss] the father dying in 1868, and the mother in 1876. Of the children who survived them the first born was Thomas, afterwards chief justice of Ontario. Charles, the subject of this sketch, was the third son. The fourth son was William, who died at Winnipeg on 23rd June, 1882. Respecting him we find the following notice in the Winnipeg Times, June 24th, 1882:-"Mr. Moss came to Winnipeg in the fall of 1879. He was the brother of the late Chief Justice Moss, of Toronto, and of Mr. Charles Moss, Q.C., of that city. He took to journalism early in life, and for some time held a position on the Cleveland press. On his arrival here he joined the staff of the Free Press, and soon afterwards became its chief editorial writer. That position he filled with singular ability. He was a powerful and scholarly writer; but while he held strong political views, he always agreed to differ kindly with those opposed to him, and never wittingly struck below the belt. The death of a young man of his great promise is a loss, not alone to the Free Press, but to Canadian journal- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 387 ism. In private life, Mr. Moss was beloved by all who knew him ; a more honourable or manlier soul never lived. The people of Winnipeg, who knew him so well and ad- mired him so much, sympathise deeply with his relatives in Ontario, and, above all, with the widow and the fatherless he has left be- hind him." The followingresolution was pass- ed by the Garry Lacrosse Club, at a largely attended meeting :-' ' That as Almighty God has in His infinite wisdom called away from our midst William Moss, an officer of the Garry Lacrosse Club, we, the members of that organization, in meeting assembled, wish to place on record the feelings of pain and sorrow which are caused by his demise. That we desire to further express our high appreciation of the many sterling qualities and personal worth of the deceased, which had won for him our esteem and respect and a warm spot in our hearts ; and to offer our sincere condolence to his bereaved family in the loss they have sustained in his death. Although gone from among us, his memory shall ever remain green in our affections, and his name shall-associated with his many kindly actions on behalf of the club of which he was so honoured a member- always be held first in our kindliest thoughts. Be it also resolved that a copy of these reso- lutions be forwarded to his bereaved family." Charles Moss was educated in the com- mon schools, and likewise enjoyed the ad- vantages of private tutors. He was engaged for a time in his father's business ; but in 1864, commenced the study of the law, sign- ing articles to his brother Thomas, then a member of the firm of Cameron & Moss. He was admitted to the Law Society in November, 1864, and his close application and capacity for the grasp of principles would warrant the observer in making for him a very brilliant prediction. How he turned his time and talents to account will be guessed when it is stated that during each of his four years' studentship he carried away a scholarship. In 1869, he was called to the bar. Upon his admission to practice, he became a member of the firm of Osler & Moss, of which the present Mr. Justice Osler was the senior member. The firm was subsequently joined by the late Chief Jus- tice Harrison, and became Harrison, Osler & Moss. Upon the elevation of Messrs. Harrison and Thomas Moss to the bench, in October, 1875, the firm was joined by the late James Bethune, Q.C., and became Be- thune, Osler & Moss, and so continued till the appointment of Mr. Osler to the bench, when the firm became Bethune, Moss, Fal- conbridge & Hoyles. Upon the retirement of Mr. Bethune from the firm, Mr. Moss be- came head of the associations now known as Moss, Falconbridge & Barwick, and Moss, Hoyles & Aylesworth. Mr. Moss was ap- pointed lecturer and examiner of the Law Society in 1872, a position which he retain- ed till 1879, when he resigned. He was elected a bencher of the Law Society in November, 1880, and again at the general election in May, 1881. He was appointed Queen's counsel by the Dominion govern- ment, in July, 1881; representative of the Law Society in the senate of the Uni- versity of Toronto, in May, 1884 ; president of the Northern & Pacific Junction Railway Company (then and now engaged in the con- struction of a line of railway from Graven- hurst to connect with the Canadian Pacific Railway at Callendar station), in June, 1884. He held this position during the absence in England of the former president, Dalton McCarthy, Q.C., M.P., and resigned on the return of the latter from England, in Sep- tember, 1884. Mr. Moss has always been connected with the Reform party, and upon the elevation of the present Chief Justice Cameron to the bench, he was offered, but declined, the nomination for East To- ronto, in the Local Legislature. He is an adherent of the Church of England. Mr. Moss married, on the 26th September, 1871, Emily, second daughter of the late Mr. Justice Sullivan. There is issue of marriage now surviving, three sons and two daughters. During his professional practice he has been engaged (amongst other cases) in Attorney-General v. Mercer (the contest- ed will case tried before V. C. Blake, in 1876); McLaren v. Caldwell (the streams case), and Langtry v. Dumoulin (the St. James' rectory case). There is considerable resemblance between the intellectual attain- ments of Charles Moss and his late la- mented brother. The " capacity for tak- ing trouble," that insight which becomes a quick solvent of difficulties, the clear, logical method of pursuing a sophistry to its last ditch, and the power to gather up fragments of argument and present them as a telling unit, are all conspicuous in the professional career of Charles Moss. Hunter, Rev. William John, D.D., Pastor of Wesley church, Hamilton, and Superintendent of the Hamilton district, was born on the 26th February, 1835, at Phillipsburg, in the Province of Quebec. He is a son of John and Nancy Hunter, who were descended from the Scottish Cove- nanters, but born in the county Tyrone, in 388 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the north of Ireland. They came to Canada in 1821, and settled in the Province of Que- bec, but in 1843 removed to Ontario. John Hunter still survives, and is hale and hearty at the advanced age of eighty-two. His wife died four years ago, and the three surviving sons are all engaged in the work of the Christian ministry, namely : the subject of this sketch ; the Rev. S. J. Hunter, pastor of the Centenary Methodist church, Hamil- ton, and the Rev. H. D. Hunter, M A., pas- tor of the First Congregational church, Lon- don, Ont. William John Hunter received a good public school education, and after- wards attended Victoria University, Co- bourg, pursuing a course in classics and metaphysics, and he obtained the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the Chicago Uni- versity in June, 1878. Our subject has not confined his attention entirely to church work, but has been zealous in the promotion of temperance, which may be regarded as a sister employment. Whenever the oppor- tunity has arisen to use his voice in forward- ing this great cause, he has not remained silent. He is at present a member of the Royal Templars of Temperance. With re- spect to his religious convictions, it need hardly be said that he has always been thoroughly satisfied with the doctrines of Methodism, and is a most able, broad-mind- ed advocate of the same. He married on the 9th July, 1860, Mary Jane, second daughter of Isaac Robinson, of Toronto. Dr. Hunter entered the ministry of the Methodist church in June, 1856, and during the past twenty-one years he has been in charge of some of the most important churches in London, Hamilton, Toronto and Ottawa. The Dominion church at Ottawa was built under his direction, and is one of the finest ecclesiastical edifices in Canada. He was chairman of the Ottawa district for three years, and secretary of the Montreal confer- ence. He is at present pastor of the Wesley church, Hamilton, and superintendent of the Hamilton District. It is only justice to say that Dr. Hunter is one of the ablest and most zealous and popular ministers in the Methodist communion of this province. Elliott, John, London, Ontario, was born at Shaw Head, parish of Beautcastle, Cumberland, England, in 1820. He came to Canada with his parents in 1827, and settled in Trafalgar, Dundas Street, known as "the sixteen." He attended the com- mon school until fifteen years of age, when he was sent to York (now Toronto), as an apprentice in the mercantile house of George Stegman, where he learned the dry goods and grocery business. During the rebellion of 1837-38, he joined the cavalry and was in active service under command of Colonel Chisholm and Captain Biggar. From 1840 to 1850, he was engaged in the dry goods and clothing business, spending- part of the time with his father, and four years in Galt. In 1850 he went to London, Ontario, and entered into partnership with George Jackson in a foundry business. In 1851 the premises were destroyed by fire, which necessitated a dissolution of partner- ship. In 1852 Mr. Elliott purchased, in conpany with Captain Burgess, a foundry business, on the corner of Wellington and Bathurst streets, (known as the Phoenix Foundry) where he carried on the business for nineteen years. He was in partner- ship with Captain Burgess for eight years, five of which the latter spent in Australia. Captain Burgess and himself cast lots to de- cide which should go to Australia. The lot fell to Captain Burgess, and they agreed to continue the partnership in both countries, which compact was carried out faithfully, Mr. Elliott having charge of the foundry, and Captain Burgess of the gold-fields. Three years after the return of Captain Burgess, they mutually dissolved; and thence, until 1879 the business was carried on by himself. In 1879 he took nis eldest son into partnership, the firm being then known as John Elliott & Son. In 1871 Mr. Elliott built a very extensive foundry, and agricultural works, which was unfortunately burned down on the 29th of May of the present year (1885). The loss was upwards of $150,000. Mr. Elliott is a man of wide views and much observation. He is famil- iar with Canada, having travelled through the older provinces, and through Manitoba. He was brought up in the Presbyterian faith, and still remains in that denomination. He married, in 1853, Priscilla, third daugh- ter of John Corson, of Westminster, near Lambeth. Members of this family were some of the earliest pioneers of Canada, and they held a prominent place in the soc- ial and industrial life of the community. The marriage referred to, has been blest with nine children, six of whom are living. Mr. Elliott is now re-building the foundry upon an extensive scale, besides which, he has extensive plough works. He is like- wise the owner of a large business in Mani- toba and the North-west, and has achieved marked success in business. He is a large employer, his working force in the foundry, when fully employed, being about 125 men, including officers and agents. In Manitoba. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 389 and Ontario the number is about 200 ; and the expenses, when the works run on full time, are about $300 per day. After a very active life without cessation since 1835, Mr. Elliott intends ere long, to retire, and give the business into the hands of his four sons, who are at present engaged in the offices, and other departments of the business. The record of the subject of this sketch is one altogether of which any Canadian might be proud. Throughout his career there have al- ways been manifest, industry, integrity, and the fairest of dealing. Fleming, Sandford, C. E., C.M.G., LL.D., Halifax, the most prominent and original of Canadian engineers, was born at Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire, Scotland, on the 7th January, 1827. He was a son of Andrew Greig Fleming, who possessed much me- chanical skill, and Elizabeth Arnold. Young Fleming attended school in his native place, and he excelled always in mathe- matics. For this branch he is said when a lad to have had an inclination amount- ing almost to a passion. He left school at the age of fourteen, and was immediately ar- ticled as a student of surveying and engineer- ing. He applied himself to his work with a diligence and a zeal that might be taken as an earnest of the achievements that the future reserved for him. At the age of eighteen, fairly versed in the theoretical principles of engineering and survey, he set out for Canada, where he was resolved to seek his fortune. He was obliged, how- ever, to wait a long and weary period before any recognition was given to his ability. During this period he buoyed himself with "proud patience," and did whatever his hands found to do. He had taken up his residence in Toronto, and during the "dark days'' associated himself with the Mechanics' Institute, and in 1849 initiated and took a prominent part in originating and setting afloat the Canadian Institute, a body which has always, more or less unaided by the public, striven for the promotion of scientific knowledge and interests. However, some eyes that could see had observed young Fleming; and in 1852 he was appointed one of the engineering staff of the Northern Railway, then known as the Ontario, Sim- coe and Huron Road. He had no sooner obtained the opportunity, than his doszged perseverance and engineering abilities began to reveal- themselves ; and old heads per- ceived in the young man an "original," a "genius if ever there was one," in his pro- fession. His capacity once known, his pro- motion was rapid, for this was the pioneer- ing period of engineering in Canada, and those needed were men who conld lead. Very soon, therefore, the young engineer found offers for his service, and a greater number than he could accept. In 1863 the inhabitants of Red River were desirous of having railroad communication with Can- ada, and to this end sought the intervention of the Imperial government. The man chosen to carry their case to England was Sandford Fleming. The Duke of New- castle was then colonial secretary, and with him Mr. Fleming had several interviews ; but, in spite of the strength of his argu- ments, the project was allowed to stand for the time. Upon his return from England, political events pointed to the need for an Intercolonial railway. It was decided that a survey should be made by a commis- sion of three engineers, to be appointed by old Canada, the Maritime provinces, and the Imperial government respectively. Canada nominated Mr. Fleming, and Nova Scotia and New Brunswick accepted him as their representative. The Imperial government did the same, and Fleming was appointed sole engineer. Upon the completion of the poli- tical union, the provinces tied by legislative bonds demanded to be united with links of steel. The enterprise was put in the hands of Fleming, as his opinions upon all subjects bearing upon railroads, as well as his engineering skill, were held now in the highest regard. The result was a triumph of engineering. When, under the bond with British Columbia, Canada bound herself to construct within ten years an iron road from ocean to ocean, through the dismal and dif- ficult region north of Lake Superior, across the plains, over the stupendous Rocky Mountains, every eye was turned upon Sandford Fleming as the man to under- take so gigantic a project. Consequently, in 1871, in the height of construction of the Intercolonial, and with the whole super- vision of it pressing upon him, he was called on by the government to undertake an ex- amination of the proposed route to the Pacific. When exhaustive surveys over half a continent had been made, and the construction of the C. P. R. was well ad- vanced along six or eight hundred miles of some of the heaviest sections, political ex- igencies arose, and in 1880 he resigned. News of his resignation startled the coun- try, and though he was not thereafter con- cerned in the construction of the work, no one has ever denied him supremacy in his profession ; no one has sought to take.away from him the reputation of the pioneer 390 A CYCLOPEDIA OF engineer of Canada, and the country's bene- factor. On his retirement in 1880 he was elected Chancellor of Queen's University, and in 1883 he was unanimously re-elected. In 1882, he was presented with the freedom of the Kirkcaldy Burghs, and in 1884 re- ceived the honorary degree of LL.D, from St. Andrew's University. In 1881, he went as delegate from the Canadian Institute and American Meteorological Society to the Inter- national Geographical Congress at Venice, and in 1884 he was appointed delegate of Great Britain to represent the Dominion at the International Prime Meridian Confer- ence at Washington, where he had the pleasure of finding the views, which he had been pressing on the public for years with regard to cosmic time and a prime meridian for all nations, accepted by the representa- tives of the civilized world. Mr. Fleming has been a contributor to the periodical and per- manent literature of the country, and his writings have been characterized by the orig- inality, the information and the breadth of view that might be expected from such a man. He has published reports of his en- gineering enterprises, and written on various matters, such as cosmic or universal time and a prime meridian for all nations, as well as upon subjects kindred to railroads. His latest literary production is his book "Eng- land and Canada," a work that will live in our literature. Mr. Fleming married, in 1855, Anne Jean Hall, a daughter of the late Sheriff Hall, of Peterboro', and has issue, six children. He has taken up his abode in Halifax and Ottawa. We hope and believe that the country is to profit still more by his great abilities. Morden, Amzi Dewis, Barrister-at- law, Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Judi- cature in Ontario, County Crown Attorney and Clerk of the Peace, Napanee, Ontario, was born on the 19th July, 1831, in the township of Cramahe, in the County of N or- thumberland. His father, Joseph Wilkin- son Morden, was descended on both sides of U. E. loyalist stock, the ancestors being the Mordens of the Bay of Quinte and the Bowmans of the Niagara district. His mother, Charlotte Benedict, came from the well-known Puritan families Benedicts and Stewarts. Our subject received his educa- tion in the common schools in Tyendinaga, Normal School, Toronto, Belleville Semi- nary, Belleville, and private tuition at the hands of the Rev. Andrew Hudson Melrose. His studies, in addition to those required to qualify as a first class teacher, were Eng- lish literature, natural science, mathematics, classics, and French. He enlisted in the vol- teer militia as private in 1863, in a com- pany of light infantry, under Captain (now Colonel) Buell, and remained in this com- pany until after the Fenian invasion in 1866. He was gazetted as lieutenant, in 1867, of company No. 7, in the 48th battalion, and served in that capacity until 1873, when, owing to the pressure of professional busi- ness, he tendered his resignation. Taking an active interest in municipal affairs, and being a gentleman of attractive address, he was elected mayor of Napanee in 1872, 1873, and 1874. He was chairman of the Board of Education in 1869,1877,1880, 1882,1884, and 1885 ; and chairman of the Board of Health in 1873, 1879,1881,1882, 1883,1884, and 1885. He is a member of the senate of Victoria University ; of the Board of Trus- tees of Albert College ; of the Board of Missions of the Methodist church, and of the committee of consultation and finance. In secret societies of a benevolent or other- wise worthy nature, he has always taken a wide interest. He was admitted to Napa- nee lodge, No. 86, I. 0. O. F., in Septem- ber, 1872 ; was representative to the Grand Lodge in 1877, 1880, and 1881 ; was elected Grand Warden in 1882 ; deputy Grand Master in 1883, and Grand Master in 1884. He is now (1885), secretary of Mount Sinai lodge, No. 280, A. F. & A. M. . With re- spect to his politics it may be said that he has always been a Liberal. He was secre- tary of the Reform Association of Lennox from 1872 to 1879, and president of the association from 1879 to April, 1882, when he resigned his position upon his appoint- ment to the offices of county crown attor- ney and clerk of the peace. Mr. Morden was the child of Methodist parents, and from youth up has always held the religious views of that body. For many years he has been an active official layman in the Metho- dist church. He has never married. Mr. Morden, we may add, is essentially a self- made man. He removed from Cramache to Tyendinaga in 1841, when ten years of age, worked upon a farm with his father and brothers until he was twenty, then taught school and served as book-keeper and clerk until he acquired the means to procure a fair education to equip him for the study of law. He began his legal studies with Dean & Diamond, of Belleville, and after one year had his articles transferred to Richards & Senkier, of Brockville, where he completed his term of service. He was admitted as an attorney in May, 1866, and called to the bar in the following CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 391 November. In September, 1866, he began the practice of his profession in Napanee, where he has ever since that time resided, and is now the senior member of the firm of Morden & Wilson, barristers, solicitors, etc., of that town. As a student, Mr. Morden was remarkable for his industry and for his readiness in mastering problems of law. His motto has ever been onward, and the posi- tions which he holds are only a just recog- nition, of those qualities of ability and in- tegrity which have always been exemplified in his conduct. Houston, William, M.A., Librarian of the Ontario Provincial Library, Toronto, was born on September 9th, 1844, in the County of Lanark, Ontario. At the age of twelve he migrated with his father's family to the newly-settled County of Bruce, which at that time was almost a solid forest. William Houston is a son of James Hou- ston, who was a native of the Orkney Is- lands, and a member of a family which, under the name of Hourston, runs far back in the local records. Like most Orcadians, the Hourstons are undoubtedly of Norse ex- traction, and in the case of the subject of this sketch, the complexion peculiar to the Norse race is somewhat pronounced. His father came to Canada as a sailor, and engaged early in life in the lumber business, operating chiefly in the valley of the Ottawa. This river and its great sister, the St. Law- rence, he traversed to Quebec for twenty- three years in succession, prior to 1854. His mother, Janet Donaldson, nee Young, was a native of Glasgow, her father being of Lowland and her mother of Highland extraction. A near ancestor, by her mo- ther's side, named Macdonald, for his own safety, after the battle of Culloden, mi- grated to Glasgow, and lived there under the Anglicised name, Donaldson, which still runs in the family. William Hou- ston received his early educational instruc- tion in the common schools, and in 1867 entered the University of Toronto. He pursued there a varied course, taking sev- eral scholarships, but, on account of a break down in his health in his last year, graduated with few honours. This was a keen blow to his aspirations ; for his career in the college, while his health remained good, had been marked by great industry and unusual brilliancy. During his course he gave most attention, as he has done ever since, to English language and literature, and to historical and political science. This course was peculiarly adapted as a training for the calling of journalism, upon which Mr. Houston entered, immediately on graduation (1872). The protracted general election of that year enabled him to pass at a bound from the position of city reporter upon the Toronto Globe to that of a political writer. A natural fondness for political study and action, and close attention to public affairs from boyhood, peculiarly fitted him for this position. He remained a few months then on the Globe, a period of a similar length on the staff of the St. John, N. B., Telegraph, and a longer period teach- ing high school. He was one of the edi- torial staff of the Toronto Liberal from its establishment in January, 1875, till it be- came defunct in June of the same year. He then re-joined the Globe, as news editor and political writer ; left it in 1882 for a few months to go into business, re-joined it in 1883, and left it again in the same year to take the librarianship of parliament. It may be said that Mr. Houston found his previous training and experience useful in his present charge, though, a mastery of the technicalities of library work is not an easy task. He has introduced the most modern and generally approved methods of classifi- cation and indexing, after visiting many of the leading libraries of the United States, and making a study of the English systems. Mr. Houston's heart being in literary work, the duties of librarian, though onerous, are a labour of love ; and we cannot neglect to point out the advantage there is to persons engaged in research, in having at the head of a department of literary reference a gentleman of such wide information and good taste. Before entering the civil service, our subject took an active part in political contests, and among the measures which he has publicly advocated may be mentioned municipal reform on lines that have proved useful in some great American cities, and chiefly the introduction of the principle of representation of minorities, the abolition of local electoral districts, the separation of the legislative from the exec- utive functions, and the investiture of the mayor with a veto on all the acts and appro- priations of the municipal council. He has advocated a revision of the Federal constitu- tion for the purpose of extending rather than curtailing the jurisdiction of the pro- vincial legislatures, and making the judges of provincial courts the subjects of pro- vincial appointment, holding that the chief danger to confederation is on the side of centralization rather than on that of diffu- sion of power. He married, in 1883, Jane Hood Ewing, youngest daughter of the late 392 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF James Ewing, of Galston, Ayrshire, Scot- land, forester on the estates there of the Duke of Portland. She is a native of Scot- land, but came to Canada in early life. There is probably no other person in Ontario that has taken a more hearty and active interest in the cause of higher educa- tion, and of the education of women than Mr. Houston. He was elected in May, 1882, by his fellow-graduates to the Senate of Toronto University, and in his official capacity has advocated extensive reforms in the courses of study and the federation of colleges. He has made special efforts to secure for political science its just promi- nence in the arts curriculum of the univer- sity and in the lecture-halls of the college, holding this, among other grounds, that it would form the best preparatory course for publicists and statesmen. Mr. Houston, who is extremely popular among what may be termed the younger party of the college, has been twice president of the Literary and Scientific Society of his alma mater, and is a frequent contributor to the pages of the 'Varsity, which is, perhaps, one of the ablest college papers upon the continent. It is fitting here to refer briefly to Mr. Houston's qualities as a writer. During his connection with journalism he was, by general consent, accorded one of the foremost positions in the country as a political controversialist. He has always been a Liberal, but there never has been a trace of party narrowness or rancour in his writings. His style is remarkable for its terse vigour, its clearness, aptness of phrase, and its rhythmical balance. As a writer for a daily newspaper, upon which questions of great importance are sometimes sprung for immediate de- cision, Mr. Houston was an eminently safe man ; for he was deliberate and cool, and his judgment invariably sound. But, as we have said, Mr. Houston's fine abilities have not been confined to the field of party ; and we may very safely predict work of a permanent nature from his pen, and expect to hear his voice raised in the furtherance of all good projects, and in the denunciation of mischievous ones. Mr. Houston is a member of the Presbyterian church. Faile, Philip, Tilsonburg, Ontario, was born in the Island of Jersey, Europe, on the 15th May, 1815. He is a son of Edward Faile, and Rachel, daughter of the late Peter Degruchy, of the Island of Jersey, one of the landed gentry of the island, and one of its most prominent men. He pur- sued the life of a landed gentleman, and had a family of nine children, the subject of this sketch being the third youngest. Mr. Faile died in 1827. Philip Faile received a common school education, finishing his studies in the High school at Brigson, Dev- onshire, England, where he remained until the age of eighteen years. He then returned home, and studied modern languages under a private tutor. At the age of nineteen he entered the law office of his brother-in- law, Charles Ahier, where he remained for one year. He then came to America, with the belief that there he would better his positicn. Quebec was the point of his des- tination, but as the ship neared the land there came a storm with thick weather, and the vessel was thrown upon the coast of Newfoundland, near St. John's. Some time was lost in making repairs to the wrecked ship, and when Mr. Faile reached Quebec, the position which, before his sailing from England had been open to him, was now closed. He however, had some letters to gentlemen in Oxford county, and at once proceeded thither. During his sojourn and travels among the French people, his know- ledge of the French language (which he understood well, having, while a boy, trans- lated into French the whole of the school history of England) stood him in good stead. After exceedingly great hardships he reached his destination, but found no hopeful pros- pect. His heart was full of courage, how- ever, and, together with a gentleman, who afterwards turned out to have been un- worthy of confidence, he engaged in the cutting and clearing of timber lands. This project, of course, was not successful. No- thing daunted, but in the possession of a determined will and twenty-five cents in cash, he started over again. The rebellion of 1837-38, at this time broke out, and he joined the loyalists, and served for eight months as a sergeant. After getting his dis- charge, which was a most creditable one, he again returned to the township of Dereham, where he was again requested to serve as captain in the militia, but he refused. He then bought a hundred acres of land, on which he settled, and here remained for five years, when he sold out and bought ano- ther hundred acres, which he cleared and settled upon. Upon this property he re- mained for twenty-five years, and the farm is now one of the finest in the township. In 1866 he retired from farming, renting his property, and removed to the town of Tilsonburg, where he purchashed the first built hotel in the town ; and here he has remained ever since. It still stands, though stained with time, and beaten with the CANADIAN BIOGRA PH Y. 393 weather, popular and respected as ever ; and affording as much comfort to its guests as many a far more pretentious rival. Mr. Faile could, without strain, erect as gorgeous a habitation as his neighbours, but he is loth to leave the now historic-grown "North American," around which clings so many tender old memories. In 1855 he was elected trustee for the township of Dereham, school section No. 10, and re-elected the following year. He has spent a long period in the town council of Tilsonburg, and in 1884 was elected reeve and member of the county council. He is a shareholder and director of the Tilsonburg Agricultural Manufacturing Company, and was a stock- holder in the first plank road (now gravel road) built in the county. In politics he is uncompromising in his adherence to Con- servatism ; and in religion is an adherent of the Church of England. His travels have been extensive, he having visited Europe and the United States, as well as the out- lying provinces of Canada. He married in 1839, Orpha, daughter of the late Ebenezer Warden, of the town of Trenton, New York state, by whom he has had one child, a daughter, who is married to William Fergu- son, of Nova Scotia. Although in his seven- ty-first year, our subject is still hearty and full of spirit ; and well might pass for a man of fifty. His circle of friends is a large one, and there is no citizen in the community better beloved or more highly respected than he is. Davery, William Janies, Hamilton, Barrister-at-law, President of the Hamilton Whip company, etc., was born at Hamilton, Ontario, on the 12th of April, 1857. His father was Henry Lavery, who was born at Newry, County Armagh, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1848. On his arrival in Ca- nada, he connected himself with mercantile pursuits, and at the present time holds the position of accountant in Hamilton. Our subject's mother was Elizabeth Metcalfe, and she was a daughter of Robinson Met- calfe. Mrs. Lavery was born at Porta- down, County Armagh, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1850. Our subject received his first education from a private tutor, and afterwards, when he had reached his thir- teenth year, he entered the then Grammar School, now the Collegiate Institute, at Hamilton. In this institution he remained until he was sixteen years of age. After leaving school, young Lavery entered the office of John Barry, then a practising barrister in Hamilton, since retired from active practice, but still residing at Hamil- ton. Our subject entered the Law Society as a student in 1873, and at the age of six- teen, he was duly qualified as a solicitor. This was in the year 1878. He then com- menced the practice of his profession at Hamilton, and here he has since continued in the dual role of lawyer and prominent business man. But Mr. Lavery, though ambitious to shine in his profession, was resolved to make his mark in commerce as well; therefore, in the year 1883 he formed the company now carrying on business at Hamilton, under the name of the Hamilton Whip Company, manufacturers of whips, etc., and he was elected and still continues to be its president. This company, it may be said, was formed for the purpose of ex- tending and enlarging the business formerly carried on under the name of the Canada Whip Company. It is not at all claiming too much for this venture to say that, under the able management of its executive officers, it has become what its promoters desired, a really magnificent business. Its trade has now spread itself from one end to the other of the Dominion, and impartial authorities declare that it is every day spreading. Our subject is also a shareholder in the Opera House Company of Hamilton. Eminently a man of enterprise and daring, venturesome public spirit, he is also very conspicuous among benevolent and other societies. He is a Freemason, an Oddfellow, a member of the Royal Arcanum, and of the Independent Order of Foresters. His tastes have led him to travel somewhat, and he has visited nearly all the important cities of the United States. He is a Conservative, a firm sub- scriber to the merits of the national policy, and a member of the central committee of the Conservative Association of Hamilton. In religion he is a devoted adherent of the doctrines of Anglicanism. He married on January 8th, 1884, at Brantford, Annie Clarke, only daughter of Joseph Clarke, an old and very worthy resident of Hamilton. Holtby, Thomas, Brampton, Ontario, son of the Rev. Mathias Holtby and Eliz- abeth Vickerman, was born on the 30th March, 1823, in Yorkshire, England. Ma- thias Holtby was a carriage manufacturer in England, but in 1830 embarked for Canada, settling in Little York, now Toronto. A short time after his arrival in Canada, he entered the ministry of the Methodist church, and zealously devoted himself for thirteen years in spreading the gospel. He then retired to a farm in the township of Walsingham, where he continued till his death in 1880. He left a family of sixchild- 394 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ren, the subject of this sketch being the third. Mrs. Holtby died in 1833. Thomas attended school till his eighteenth year, after which he devoted himself to farming in the township of Chinguacousy, Peel, at which occupation he remained for thirty-five years. In 1880 he removed to the town of Brampton, where he has resided since. Be- ing a man of wide and advanced views, he was pressed by friends to offer himself for county services, and accepted. He was deputy-reeve of his township during the years 1875 and 1876, when he retired ; but in 1881, upon being again pressed he came before the public, and was elected to the Brampton council; and has been re-elected every year since. Mr. Holtby is president of the Peel Mutual Fire Insurance Company; is a director of the Federal Life Insurance Company, whose head office is at Hamilton, and the financial manager of the Haggert Manufacturing Company, Brampton. In politics he is independent, refusing to be bound to the wheel of any< political party. In religion he has his adherence to Metho- dism, being a local minister of that denomi- nation, and having held all the offices in the church. He has been a member of the gen- eral conference since 1879, and is a member of the annual conference. He married on the 4th February, 1846, Susanna Louise, daughter of the late John Bagwell, one of the first magistrates in the County of York, and a gentleman prominently identified with its early history. There was a family of thirteen children, nine of whom are liv- ing. Mr. Holtby has been prominent in the sphere of his choice, and he enjoys the re- spect and the good-will of his fellow men. To say this is to say much of any man. Eccles, Friend Richard, London, Ontario, M.D., F.R.C.S., Edinburgh; M.R. C.S., England; F.O.S., London; Professor of Physiology in the Medical Department of the Western University, was born on January 25th, 1843, in the township of War- wick, county of Lambton, Ontario. The Eccles family is a very ancient one, and the subject of this sketch traces his descent from John de Eccles, a person of rank, who lived in the reign of Alexander III. of Scotland, in the thirteenth century. The surname of Eccles was assumed by the proprietors of the lands and barony of Eccles, in Dumfriesshire, as early as the period when surnames became hereditary in Scotland. The arms of the family are Ary., two halberts crossing each other saltierwise, az. The crest is a broken halbert and the motto Le Defendende or Nee deficit animus. The pedigree of the family at length is to be found in Burke's Landed Gentry. The father of our subject was John Dickson Eccles, the ninth in a di- rect line from the first member of the family alluded to, and his mother was Mary Bis- sell. The family estate, it may be said, is Ecclesville, situate in the county of Ty- rone, Ireland. In 1835 Mr. John Dickson Eccles left Tyrone, and came to Canada, settling in the County of Lambton, Canada West, now Ontario. Here he had to wage the usual strife with the difficulties of back- woods life, but he had abundant persever- ance and succeeded. When the rebellion of 1837 broke out, he promptly took the field upon the loyal side. He was a man who engaged a large measure of public and social respect and confidence. He held many offices of trust and honour, was warden of the county in 1873, and one of the candi- dates before the convention for the repre- sentation of East Lambton, when that county was divided. He visited the home of his childhood in 1860, and again in 1872. He died in 1882. Friend Richard Eccles had considerable advantages in educational training, his father having obtained for him a private tutor; at whose hands he received instruction, in addition to that which he de- rived from the ordinary schools. In 1850 he was sent to the county Grammar school at Sarnia, where before the age of seventeen he obtained a first-class certificate under the regulations for the examination of teachers. He then engaged himself in teaching for & short while, and in this avocation he was remarkably successful and popular. Teach- ing, however, was not the end of his ambi- tion, or congenial to his tastes, so after eigh- teen months private tuition he entered upon the usual medical course, which was required for a degree in medicine at the University of Toronto. He attended for two sessions at the old Toronto School of Medicine, the building then being situated in University Park, and two other sessions at New York, in connection with the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, where the opportunities for study of special surgical cases was large- ly increased by reason of the then existing civil war. In 1867 he finished his course, and obtained the degree of Doctor of Medi- cine, of the Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege, and Bachelor of Medicine, and the silver medal of the University, Toronto. He now settled in Arkona, County Lambton, and rapidly acquired a large and lucrative practice. In 1871 Dr. Eccles married Martha Lillian, only daughter of Amasa, Wood, of Fingal, now of St. Thomas, Coun- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 395 ty of Elgin. His wife's father was one of the pioneers of the .Talbot Street settlement, and was a gentleman of much commercial enterprise and business genius. He soon acquired in those early days the nucleus of a fortune, and to this he added from year to year, until he now stands financially one of the most prominent men of Western On- tario. In his business relations he is re- markable for integrity and candour, and he enjoys the highest possible place in the re- gard of his fellow townsmen. The poor have always been objects of his care, notably the poor and old Indians on the Muncey and Oneida reserves. Many a heart has been made glad by his bounty at Christmas time ; and many a struggling church has found in him a helper. Dr. Eccles left the field of his early professional labours in 1876, and with his wife went to Europe, where he re- mained for over two years. Part of the time was spent on the continent, but the greater portion in the British Isles. A number of letters appeared in the East Lambton Advo- cate, wherein his impressions were recorded after his return. Combining profit with pleasure, he visited the various hospitals, and took advantage of the opportunities pre- sented for professional and scientific work. In 1877 he was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. In 1878 Dr. Eccles and his wife returned to Canada, and in 1879 the doctor settled in London, to resume the practice of his profession. He took an active part in establishing a school of medicine in that city, and has filled the chair of physi- ology in that school since its organization. This is the medical department of the Western University, now in the fourth year of its existence, and in a flourishing condi- tion. The failing health of his wife induced the couple to go to Europe in 1882, to con- sult some of the leading physicians there, and after an absence of six months they return- ed. But the benefit was only temporary, and they crossed the Atlantic again in 1883, spent some time at the health resorts in the British Isles and at the German Spaas, re- turning at the end of the year with her health fully recovered. It was during this last visit that he was made a Fellow of the Obstetrical Society of London, England. Since then he has continuously and unin- teruptedly devoted himself to the practice of his profession, and now has obtained a large share of the public confidence, as well as the confidence of his confreres in the city of London and surrounding towns. He has taken an active part in religious work, and was president of the Young Men's Christian Association, of London, from 1880 to 1883. He has been connected with, and has been president of the Empire Loan Company, of Canada, since its organization. In politics Dr. Eccles has always been a Liberal, although never taking a very active part in public questions. He was a Congregation- alist for many years, but lately has connect- ed himself with the Methodist Church of Canada. In 1881, our subject was appointed one of the examiners for the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and still acts in that capacity. He was examiner in medicine for his alma mater, Toronto Uni- versity, from 1881 to 1884 inclusive. Dr. Eccles is a man of refined tastes, and of kindly manners. He enjoys high repute in his profession for learning and skill, and has established for himself a very enviable practice. Bell, William Carrick, Ingersoll, Ontario, was born at Cape Traverse, Prince Edward Island, on the 5th January, 1832. His father, John Bell, was born near Annan,. Scotland, in 1781, and emigrated to Prince Edward Island, about the year 1825, in which province he lived until his death in 1876. His mother, who was born at Car- lyle, England, in 1783, went to Prince Ed- ward Island with her husband, and died there in 1847. Young Bell attended the Island educational institution, and his course embraced what is known as a sound education. Before the locomotive's shriek (1851) was yet heard, W. C. Bell, travelled from Prince Edward Island, crossed the Straits of Northumberland, from Bedique to- Shediac, thence proceeded by stage to the Bend of the Petitcodiac, and from that point to St. John, New Brunswick; from St. John he went by boat to Portland, Maine, and from the last named city, to Brantford, Ontario, via the Suspension Bridge. As this state- ment touches the matter of travel, we may add that Mr. Bell afterwards travelled through seventeen states in the Union, and has like- wise visited Dakota, and the North-West territories. Since settling in Upper Can- ada, he has twice visited his home in the Island. Mr. Bell settled in Brantford, for two years; butin June, 1853, he went to Sault Ste. Marie, where he remained till October, when he set out for Ontanagon, Michigan,, on Lake Superior. Here he remained till 1854, when he proceeded to Lafayette, Indi- ana, where he remained for two years, thence back again to Canada in 1856, settling in. Ingersoll, Oxford county. Here he occupi- 396 A CYCLOPEDIA OF •ed himself in the business of builder and ■contractor, and success very soon began to attend the work of his hands. He still re- sides at Ingersoll, where he continues in a prosperous business, and holds a conspic- uous place in municipal and town politics. He was elected councillor in 1879,and in 1883 was elected deputy reeve. He was re-elected, by acclamation, to the same position in 1885; and he has been a trustee of schools for the past ten or twelve years. In 1856 he became an Oddfellow, and has filled the office of noble grand for three terms in that order; like- wise having held the treasurership and other offices. He is likewise a Mason, and is a member of St. John's lodge, in which he has likewise been treasurer. In politics, Mr. Bell is an active supporter of the Reform party, and his religious views lead him to give a strong adherence to the Methodist Episco- pal church. He married on April 23, 1857, Agnes Elliott, who died on June 11th, 1863. He again married, on November 12th, 1863, Margaret Elliott, who still survives. Caron, Hon. Sir Adolphe, K. C. M.G., B.C.L., Q.C., P.O,, M.P. for Que- bec county, and Minister of Militia and Defence, was born in the City of Quebec in 1843. Our subject is the eldest sur- viving son of the late Hon. R. E. Caron, lieutenant-governor of the province of Que- bec. The Caron family is ancient, and many members of it from time to time held distinguished places in the state. Sir Adolphe was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, at Laval University, and at the University of McGill. In 1865, he grad- uated from the last mentioned institution taking with him the degree of B.C.L. M. Caron had as preceptors in the offices •wherein he studied his profession, very dis- tinguished lawyers. At first he studied with L. G. Baillairge, Q.C., and subseqently with the Hon. (now Sir) John Rose, bart. In 1865 he was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and in May, 1879, was appointed a 'Queen's counsellor. He is the only remain- ing member of the widely known firm of Andrews, Caron & Andrews, Mr. Andrews, sr., having died a few years ago, and Mr. Andrews, jr., having been appointed to a justiceship. The firm is now re-organized ■and known as Caron, Pentland and Stuart. In 1867, he married Alice, only daughter of the late Hon. Frangois Baby, M.L.C., and has issue Alice, and Adolphe DeBlois. Besides his attention to law, he has formed prominent connections in other directions. He has been a director of the Stadacona Bank, and was vice-president of the Liter- ary and Historical Society of Quebec in 1867. But above all other interests, he found himself attracted to public life, and was first returned to parliament in March, 1873. He has sat in the House ever since, and has been twice elected by acclamation. He always showed himself to be an indus- rious and practical member of the House of Commons ; and those who observed him closely had no difficulty in predicting that sooner or later he must obtain a sub- stantial recognition of his abilities. Sir John A. Macdonald always keeps his eyes about him for talent, and Sir Adolphe was long under his scrutiny. A very great friend and warm admirer of Sir John A. Mac- donald declares, however, that the premier does not want to have near him any ability, or brilliancy that could ever be likely to cast his own in the shade. Nevertheless, we are pretty certain that he is shrewd enough to seek to gather about him the best brains that he can lay hold of, and, as a rule, he has always succeeded in doing this. He perceived that Sir Adolphe would not alone make a good minister, but that he would likewise make a popular one. To some men, indeed to most men, come that one opportunity, at some period or another in their lives ; to put it in poetic parlance : " There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune." That tide came last winter ; that one op- portunity arose for Sir Adolphe, Minister of Militia. We need not, so close to the event which furnished the opportunity, dwell at length upon it here. Like a thunderbolt upon our ears came the tidings that several policemen and civilians had fallen before a body of armed rebels in the North-West. It was the winter of the year, the theatre of revolt was far away ; it could not be reached by railroad, but almost interminable stretches of wilderness lay before whomso- ever should go there to re-assert the majesty of the law. A weak or incapable minister of militia would have been at his wit's end in the face of a problem, grave as this, thrust upon him for immediate settlement. But Sir Adolphe was not dismayed ; he did not hesitate at all, but promptly and firmly grappled with the difficulty. Looking back upon it now, it naturally gives us ground for the heartiest approbation to think of the celerity with which troops were placed at different points in the territories, in the face of long and difficult marching, and at an inclement season. It is perhaps doubt- ful if there is to be found in the history CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 397 of ordinary wars a record showing more promptness of design and action than this uprising put in the way of our Militia de- partment to display. It is a fact that the decision and speed of our movements elicit- ed the highest approbation from disinter- ested military spectators. His Excellency the Governor-General, who is a gentleman of very superior judgment, recognized the efficiency of the minister in this time of peril, and had no hesitation in communicat- ing the fact to the Imperial government, and recommending that he should obtain recog- nition from the Crown. That recognition came, and there was no room to doubt that the Minister of Militia well deserved to be- come Sir Adolphe Caron. Of late it has come to be the custom in certain quarters to sneer at distinctions like the knighthood, and to declare that they have been con- ferred at random ; but in the selection of Sir Adolphe for such an honour, no reason- able man can make this criticism. McDonough, Thomas, London, On- tario, was born in the City of Limerick, Ire- land, on December 12th, 1824. His parents, Patrick H. and Margaret McDonough, were born in Ireland, and married there in the English church, of which they were mem- bers. Patrick McDonough was an only son and came to this country with his family in 1830, settling on a large tract of land near Quebec, where he remained for some years. Thence he removed to Ontario and settled on a farm in London township, where he re- sided but a short time when the rebellion of 1837 broke out. Immediately he took a very active part, being a staunch Conserva- tive, and inspired with a spirit of loyalty and patriotism. At the first call to arms he volunteered, and led a company to the front, where he remained until peace was restored. He then returned to London, which was then only a small town, and embarked in busi- ness there ; but, through hardship and ex- posure endured while at the front during the rebellion, he had lost his health, and soon found it necessary to give up business, and retired to a farm convenient to town, which farm now belongs to the subject of this sketch. Patrick McDonough died in 1844, leaving a widow and ten children, four sons and six daughters, seven of which family still survive. He had uncles who preceded him to this continent, but they settled in the United States, where they became distinguished citizens. One of them entered the Ameri- can navy, and afterwards became a promin- ent figure in the affairs of the nation. His name lives in her history as Commodore McDonough. Thomas McDonough re- ceived a business education, attending the Grammar school of London, Ontario. Though always having the interest of the- militia service deeply in his heart, he has never identified himself with the organiza- tion. Large business responsibilities have prevented him from taking part in publie life, though his interest in public questions and his fine abilities would fit him well for such a sphere. But to take a brief retro- spective glance. After leaving school he re- mained on the family homestead until 1848, when feeling a strong desire to enter busi- ness, he launched out for himself in ambiti- ous mercantile pursuits. He has since con- tinued in this occupation, and with a success that witnesses from year to year a steady growth of business and profit. In 1855 Mr. McDonough took his brother-in-law info- partnership, and a very extensive business was carried on ; but the association dissolv- ed in 1865, and our subject continued oper- ations upon his own responsibility. Mr. McDonough's business consists of a whole- sale and retail grocery trade. In 1853 he became a Freemason, and still adheres to the association. Through life he has been a Conservative, and is still true to his poli- tical faith. Daring many campaigns he has taken an active part, and fought sturdily for his candidate, and, upon the whole, with a large measure of success. With respect to his religious connections he was born and bred, and still remains, in the English church. He has never married. In social life, as well as in his business relations, Mr. McD onough is very popular. Smith, IIiijor Albert II., 7th Fusi- liers, London, Ont., wasborn at Fergus, Ont. r on the 6th January, 1853. The father of the subject of this memoir was William Simpson Smith, who was born near Moate, Ireland, where the family held an estate for many generations. William Simpson Smith was- educated in Dublin, but was prepared for no business or profession. He emigrated to this country at an early age with the intention of farming; but shortly after his arrival he entered into commerce. He married a daughter of Major Brown, of Londonderry, Ireland. We may add that he was engaged in business in Haysville and Fergus, and finally (1855) went to London, where he carried on successful operations until his death in 1879. He was mayor of the City of London for the year 1868 ; and was a Freemason of high stand- ing in the order. Albert M. Smith received a careful education, attending Hellmuth 398 A CYCLOPEDIA OF College and other schools. He always had a strong inclination for military life ; and passed through the military school at Toronto in 1873. Immediately afterwards he obtained his commission as ensign in the 7th Battalion, keeping up active con- nection with the battalion ever since. He went through the North-West campaign of 1885, and was for some time in command of a detachment at Telegraph Creek, on the North Saskatchewan. Before leaving school he proceeded to Europe, visiting before his return some of the most important places there. Major Smith is a member of the Church of England, and his family always have been members of that communion.. As an officer he enjoys the repute of efficiency and of zeal; and he has well earned these attributes. Burns, Rev. Alex., D. D., LL.D., President of the Wesleyan Ladies' College, Hamilton, was born in the Village of Cas- tlewellan, County of Down, Ireland, on the 12th of August, 1834. His father was James Burns, a carpenter and joiner to trade, who left the old land and settled in Quebec in 1847. After remaining there for three years, his parents removed to Toronto, where they continued to reside during the remainder of their lives. At an early age Alexander began to attend school, and had acquired a good rudimentary education be- fore his family emigrated. After his arrival in Quebec, he was employed for some time as an assistant in an apothecary's shop, but, not finding that pursuit to his liking, he soon abandoned it, and afterwards learned the trade of wood-turning. When seventeen years of age the famous Methodist revival preacher, the Rev. .lames Caughey, visited Toronto, and held a series of religious meet- ings in the old Richmond street Methodist church. Young Alexander Burns attended the meetings, and was drawn under the powerful spell of the preacher. He had been reared by his parents to the Presby- terian faith, and taught the Calvinistic doc- trines in all their rigour, although it cannot be said that he held any distinct theological views at the time. He awoke to new pur- poses. was " converted," embraced the doc- trines of the Wesleyan body, and was enrolled as a member of the Methodist church. This was the turning point in his life, as his desires to understand the Scrip- tures, and to prepare himself for an earnest life, gave him an insatiable and permanent longing for an education. Impelled by that desire, he studied during his spare hours ; and when he had saved enough to enable him to enter college, he left his business and en- tered Victoria College, Cobourg. He gradu- ated there, in 1861, B. A., as Prince of Wales' gold medalist. He remained in the college one year as classical teacher, and then entered the ministry. His first year was spent in Stratford, the second and third' in Drayton. In 1865 he was offered the vice-presidency of the Mount Allison Uni- versity, New Brunswick ; also the chair of mathematics in the Iowa Wesleyan Univer- sity. He accepted the latter, and accom- panied the venerable Dr. Charles Elliott to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, where he remained three years as vice-president of that insti- tution. In 1868 he accepted the presidency of the Simpson Centenary College, and held that position for ten years ; was elected to the presidency of the Iowa Wesleyan Uni- versity in 1869, but declined to accept. While in the United States he did a great deal of lecturing, preaching, etc., before colleges, literary societies, and state asso- ciations ; was one of the three delegates from the DesMoines conference to the gen- eral conference in Baltimore in the centen- nial year 1876. In 1878, just as he was thinking of returning east, he got a call from Hamilton to take the presidency of the Wesleyan Ladies' College, in place of the Rev. S. D. Rice, D.D., late senior superin- tendent of the Methodist Church of Canada, and accepted. At the same time he got a call to Chicago. He has been in Hamilton ever since. His special work is mental and moral science, evidences of Christianity, logic, and English literature. But the sub- ject to which he has given most attention for the last twenty-five years is biblical criticism and biblical literature. He has in his library some of the rarest works to be found on the continent. In 1870 he re- ceived the degree of S.T.D. (Sanctce Theo- logice Doctor) from the State University of Indiana, one of the richest universities in the country, and in 1878 his alma mater gave him the LL.D. He has been twice elected by the alumni of the university as one of their representatives in the senate, and is associate examiner in the university in the president's department. He has delivered the annual lecture before the Theological union twice, and preached the baccalaureate sermon once. He takes a great interest in Victoria College, and has studied her history and her wants perhaps as fully as any other of her sons. He has al- ways been radical in his religious views and theology ; that is, he profoundly believes that all true religion harmonizes with reason, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 399 science, and common sense. He also be- lieves that the scriptures, when properly interpreted in the light of their own claims, will forever maintain their place above all merely human productions. He claims that subscription to creeds is not merely useless, but positively injurious when it covers more than the essentials of Christianity. The unity of the spirit is not uniformity of be- lief, nor a similarity of explanation. In 1882 he was tried by the London conference for holding views contrary to the teaching of the Methodist Church on (1) the scrip- tures, (2) the atonement, and (3) the future. The supposed heresy was found in a letter of sympathy written by Rev. Dr. Burns to his old friend, Rev. Dr. Thomas, of Chicago, and published in the Chicago papers. He defended his position, and showed that his views were not merely biblical, but also in full harmony with the leaders of thought and public teachers in Methodist univer- sities. He was almost unanimously ac- quitted on all the charges, separately and conjoined. Touching the trial and its re- sult, the Christian Guardian, edited by the Rev. Dr. Dewart, a born controversialist, said : " The acquittal of Dr. Burns was not a result of any special pleading or explain- ing away of his words on his part. He stated his views, and defended them in a manly and candid manner. There was no attempt to shirk the responsibility of his written or spoken words. We are glad the matter has ended as it has done. We never had any doubt that Dr. Burns was in every- thing essential soundly Methodistic, though he is an independent thinker, and expresses himself with more than ordinary freedom of language." Since then he has been very busy conducting the college, delivering ad- dresses, lecturing (upon faith and free thought), preaching at anniversaries, and writing articles for magazines, papers, etc., He is a reformer in politics, opposed to an irresponsible house of lords, or senate, is a free trader, and believes that govern- ment should legislate for a more equitable division of the fruits of labour among the working classes-that nothing else can save us from communism. He takes a deep interest in missionary work, and has writ- ten several radical articles on the subject. He has endeavoured to make the college not merely a school for the so-called accom- plishments, but a place where the solid studies of a university course could be ob- tained ; and he is gratified to find that a large percentage of his students are in the regular college course preparing for gradu- ation. Both as a man and a theologian Dr. Burns is highly esteemed by his brother ministers, and his liberal and enlightened policy has won for him many warm friends, both within the pale of the church and outside of it. He was married on the 15th of June, 1863, to Sarah Andrews, of Devonshire, England. The union has been a most happy one. Mrs. Burns is pre- eminently adapted to aid in his present work; indeed she does more in college management now than he does himself. He has four children-two sons and two daughters. Cowan, Janies, Hardware Merchant, London, Ont., was born at Dairy, County of Kirkcudbright, Scotland, on the 14th Janu- ary, 1832. He is a son of John Cowan and Margaret, whose maiden name was Carson. John Cowan was a merchant in Dairy, and died at the age of forty-eight ; and the mother died when in her forty-first year. Eleven children were left, nine sons and two daughters, the subject of this sketch being the seventh son in succession. He had only reached his seventh year when his parents died ; and before fifteen sum- mers passed over him he left home to learn the business of an ironmonger. His educa- tion consisted in what he obtained at the schools of his native place before he set forth to learn his profession. He served five years as an apprentice and two years as foreman, with A. Dobie, ironmonger and jeweller, Castle Douglas, Scotland. Leav- ing there in May, 1853, he went to Durham, England, where he tarried for three months with Mr. Marshall, ironmonger and cooper. In August, 1853, he proceeded to Dews- bury, Yorkshire, remaining there for six months as clerk with John Smith, iron- monger and nail manufacturer. In May, 1854, he started off for Liverpool, to manage a hardware business for Mrs. Lightfoot, whose husband had died, her business being somewhat embarrassed. He left for home in August of the same year, married Elspeth Wells on September 1st, and sailed from Liverpool on the ship West Point, on September 22nd, arriving at New York on 22nd October, 1854. The ship had cholera on board, and twenty passengers and four seamen died of the terrible disease. Mr. Cowan obtained employment with Messrs. Windle & Co., on Maiden Lane, for about two months, and afterwards for a short time in a carpet store in Brooklyn. In May, 1855, he departed for Canada, and was three months with John Bain, hardware merchant in Hamilton, Canada West. On 400 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the 8th August, 1855, he obtained a situ- ation with Adam Hope & Co., London, and was employed with this firm up to September, 1864, leaving them of his own accord. He then began business in partner- ship with James Wright, (October 21,1864), under the name of Cowan & Wright. This firm, however, dissolved partnership on September 30th, .1875, and since then, up to the present time, the name of the firm has been James Cowan & Co. His partners are his eldest son, David James Cowan, and his nephew, and A. K. Melbourne. Mr. Cowan commenced business on a very small capital, and has succeeded in all his under- takings. Adam Hope & Co., whose retail department he had managed for years, and in whose employ he was for over nine years, declined to sell him goods when he started in business ; but in less than two years that firm left London for Hamilton. This cir- cumstance is mentioned to show that Mr. Cowan owes his success in life to his own individual effort, combined with a thorough knowledge . of the business, and not to assistance from others. His late partner, Mr. Wright, being a school-teacher, had no knowledge of the hardware business. Mr. Cowan has always taken a hearty interest in the affairs of his fellow-citizens, and there is at the present t me (close of 1885) a strong desire that he should become mayor of the city for 1886. He is a member of the St. Andrew's and Caledonian societies, and an ex-president of the former; likewise a mem- ber of the Reform Association of London ; and a master Mason in Kilwinning lodge. The date of his connection with the first, November, 1859 ; with the Reform Associa- tion, 1874 ; with the latter, January, 1885. Our subject was brought up in the Presby- terian faith, and adheres to that denomina- tion. His first marriage has already been mentioned, but this lady died in June, 1858. He married again, the following year, Annie, daughter of Mr. Waddell, vet- erinary surgeon in the Royal Artillery, then stationed at Niagara. One son, his partner, borne by the first wife, is still liv- ing ; and there are six sons and four daugh- ters by the second, all of whom survive, except one of each sex, who died in infancy. John, his fourth son, took up arms as a volunteer in defence of his country in 1885. Mr. Cowan is a man of much personal and mental activity, and his temperament is de- cidedly sanguine and nervous. Nevertheless he is cautious, has a broad understanding, and weighs a matter with deliberation be- fore reaching his conclusion. Bain, Tliomas Boult, Tilsonbnrg, Ontario, was born in the town of Lerwick, Shetland Islands, Scotland, on the 17th September, 1829. He is a son of Malcolm and Helen Bain, the family name of his mother being Jacobs. His grandfather was a pilot, and during the war 1776, was taken prisoner and confined under the hatches of the privateer schooner, Bon Homme Rich- ards, then commanded by Paul Jones, during an engagement with the British frigate Seraphus. Some years later he died in Scotland. Malcolm Bain was a builder and contractor in the Shetland Islands. In 1843 he resolved to see what fortune might have in store for him in the new world, and taking ship across the ocean, he settled in Rochester, in the State of New York. In this city he continued his profession of contractor and builder for a time, and then moved to Buffalo, thence into Canada, taking up his abode in Tilsonburg. Some time afterward he retired from business life, and he died in 1877, leaving behind him three sons and three daughters; the subject of this memoir was the third eldest of the family. Mrs. Bain died also in 1877, and both she and her worthy husband were deeply lamented. They were extremely pious, and exemplary Christians, having been members of the Baptist denomination. Thomas Boult Bain received a careful educational training in primary studies in Scotland, and completed his course in Rochester, and at the City of Buffalo. Before leaving Scotland, he had commenced the study of Latin and Greek, and in Buffalo with six others formed a Hebrew class under the tutorship of the late Dr. Conger, of that city. He continued this study for three years, at the end of which period he was able to translate the language with great ease. He was always a devoted student, his choice studies being science and metaphysics. At the age of eighteen he left school and began to learn the business of builder and contactor with his father. In 1850 he entered the firm of Garrett, House & Co., to learn organ and piano building ; and in time became foreman of the works. In 1857, he removed to Canada, where he resumed his old profes- sion of building and contracting, in partner- ship with one Angus Brown. After a period of fifteen months the firm removed their operations to the town of Tilsonburg, and here established a sash and doox* factory, but the co-partnership dissolved in 1859, selling its interest in the business. After terminating business Mr. Bain concluded to seek a new home in Western Kansas, but he CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 401 was not satisfied with the country, and re- turned to Tilsonburg at the close of the year. Upon his return he entered into partnership with W. B. Wilcox, in a general store business, under the firm style of Bain & Wilcox, and this arrangement was continued until 1862, when Mr. Bain bought out the in- terest of his partner, and he carried on the business alone successfully for twenty-three years. Having then accumulated a hand- some competency, he retired from active life in 1885. Upon the incorporation of the town of Tilsonburg, in 1871, he was elected the first reeve of the place, and represented the town in the county council for the years 1871, 1872, 1875 and 1876. In 1877 he was elected mayor of the town, and was re- elected by acclamation for the years 1878, 1879, 1880 and 1881. In 1862 he was ap- pointed one of Her Majesty's justices of the peace, and performed, we might say, all the magisterial duties for eighteen years. In 1864 he was elected one of the school trustees for the town, and held that office for several years. He belongs to the Masonic order, and is a member of King Hiram lodge, G.R.C., No. 78, and was W.M. in the said lodge for six years, and has been elected district deputy grand master of Wil- son district twice (1878 and 1879). In poli- tics Mr. Bain is a Reformer, and he has been president of the south riding of Oxford Reform Association. In religion he is a highly respected member of the Baptist denomination. He was married, in 1852, by the Rev. Dr. Boyd, of London, Ontario, to Laura L., eldest daughter of the late Abraham Vanorman, of the City of Lon- don. Mrs. Bain died in 1885, leaving a family of four children. Mr. Bain is a gen- tleman of a kindly disposition, and is greatly respected by all who know him. He has led a most active business life, and is now enjoying a well deserved rest. He is liberal, both in religion and politics, wishing every citizen to exercise the utmost freedom of thought, word and action compatible with law and order. Moore, James Douglas, St. Mary's, Ontario, was born on the 18th of August, 1838, in Dumfries, upon a farm not far dis- tant from Galt, Ontario. His father, George Moore, was born in 1801, in Northum- berland, England, and his mother, Agnes Douglas, was born in 1812, in Roxborough, Scotland, she being the daughter of a farmer. The marriage of this couple took place a few years after George Moore had settled upon his farm. Under rather inauspicious circumstances, the subject of this sketch first saw the light. His parents, like other pioneers, was struggling with the difficulties of the bush ; and when he grew old enough to be of any use, instead of be- ing able to attend school, he was obliged to give his assistance to the numerous odds and ends of farm work. After he had passed his twelfth year, however, he at- tended school during the winter months, having resolved not to go out and try to win his fortune from the world without an education. So strong was his desire to excel, that he very soon outstripped larger boys at school. But his ambition was to be first in the everyday associations outside of school, as well as within its walls ; and at ploughing matches, which were conducted with a high degree of skill, he carried off the silver cup amongst other important prizes. Before the introduction of reaping machines in his native section, he cut with his own cradle, in a space of twelve hours, no less than eight acres of heavy grain. Another instance of deftness of fingering may be given : after he had engaged in the egg busi- ess, he packed a barrel of seventy dozen eggs in the space of seven minutes. On the 24th May, 1866, he married Mary Black, the daughter of a worthy farmer in the sec- tion. Although Mr. Moore's father was the proprietor of a farm of 300 acres, highly and thoroughly cultivated, yet as he reflected that he had been so long a slave of toil, in wet and dry weather, through winter and summer, he decided that he would try some line of commerce for which he deemed he possessed the proper aptitude. On the 26th March, 1867, he moved to St. Mary's, where he began to purchase and pay cash for eggs and butter,-a method of paying considered an amazing phenomenon in those days. Not being satisfied with the ordinary methods of this trade, he was the first to pickle eggs to any considerable extent, and began to keep them over from a period of low prices till their value arose in the market. He was likewise the first dealer west of Mon- treal to erect a refrigerator to hold eggs over in their fresh state. His operation in eggs, as well as in cheese and butter, have been conspicuously successful. His wife died on the 13th January, 1869, and a year later, December, 1869, he married Elizabeth Shand. He has one daughter living by each wife, and the eldest of these graduated at the Young Ladies' College, Brantford, in June, 1885. Mr. Moore was for several years a member of St. Mary's town council, and could have easily had every office within the gift of his townsmen, but his business im- 402 A CYCLOPEDIA OF peratively demanded his attention, so that he was obliged to be content with holding the presidency of the South Perth Reform Association, and some other small but hon- ourable positions. He is a Presbyterian, being descended from the old, strict Estab- lished church. This enterprising gentleman employs seventeen men and seven teams ; and besides the produce business spoken of, he owns and operates an oatmeal mill, and exports meal, butter, cheese and apples to Glasgow, Liverpool and London, and eggs to New York. Mr. Moore's father died in 1875, but his mother is still alive. A man of remarkable individuality, energy, and busi- ness capacity is the subject of this sketch, as the mere reading of his career alone will show. White, Hon. Thomas, Minister of the Interior, M.P. for Cardwell, and late Managing Editor of the Montreal Gazette,, was born at Montreal, on the 7th of August, 1830. His father was Irish, a County West- meath man, and his mother Scotch, having been born in Edinburgh. Mr. White, senior, carried on business as a leather mer- chant in Montreal for many years. He sent Thomas, the subject this sketch, to the High School at Montreal, where he received the education which in later years he was destined to turn to such excellent account. Having left school, Mr. White engaged for some years in mercantile pursuits, but this was not according to his taste, and he soon made up his mind to abandon the calling, and accepted a position on the editorial staff of the Quebec Gazette-which position was offered him in consequence of an address which he delivered on temperance in the city of Quebec, and which attracted much atten- tion. In 1853 he started, in company with his brother-in-law, Robert Romain, the Peterboro' Review, which he was connected with until 1860. Then he entered upon the study of law in the office of the Honour- able Sidney Smith, Q.C., of Peterboro', con- tinuing his studies during the full term of four years. He then, with his brother, Richard White, became the proprietor of the Spectator, Hamilton, where he resided from 1864 to 1870. Mr. White, from an early age, evinced a marked interest in public affairs ; and when he was yet a very young man was chosen reeve of the town of Peterboro'. He likewise always took a great interest in edu-, cational affairs, and served upon the Gram- mar School boards in Peterboro' and Ham- ilton. In Montreal, where in later years his chief personal interests were centered, he took an important part in civic and gen- eral business. He was for a number of years representative of the Montreal Board of Trade in the Dominion Board ; for three years a member of the executive com- mittee of the Dominion Board, and repre- sentative for five years of that body at the National Board of Trade of the United States. But important and ever conspicuous connection with civic matters, and with as- sociations, did not satisfy the ambition of Mr. White. He had been for years a close and careful observer of political events, and a conscientious student of public questions. So he resolved to seek admission to parlia- ment ; and when he sought that admission he did not go as a raw recruit who has to study the questions upon which he has to legislate after he has entered the legisla- ture. His mind was well stored with prac- tical information, and his judgment ripened by a wide experience. In 1878, he was first returned to parliament for Cardwell, his present seat. But this success was not achieved without much perseverance and strong efforts. In 1867, he was an unsuc- cessful candidate for South Wentworth in the Ontario Legislature ; in 1874, for the County of Prescott, in the House of Com- mons , and in 1875 and 1876, respectively, for Montreal West, in the House of Com- mons. It may be pointed out that the ag- gregate majority against him in the three first elections amounted to only sixteen votes. Mr. White has retained his seat for Cardwell since 1878. With respect to his opinions, the writer may quote an author- itative statement :- ' ' He thinks that the tariff should be so framed as to promote for- eign trade by Halifax in the winter and the St. Lawrence in the summer, as against trade by American sea ports ; and as to fos- ter the development of the agricultural, mining and manufacturing interests of the country. He favours an Imperial zollverein, which would strengthen the bond of union between the mother country and the col- onies, by fostering and protecting their trade relations." Mr. White has always been an able and very conscientious sup- porter of the Conservative party's national policy ; and he is always prepared with an invincible array of arguments to defend the position which he takes upon this question. He is one of the most industrious members of the House of Commons, devoting his time and his attention to the duties of his po- sition. Sir Leonard Tilley and himself were the two authorities upon questions of finance and trade upon the government side of the House during these late years. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 403 Mr. White is a fluent, graceful, polished and telling speaker. He always conveys the im- pression of being master of his subject; and he never becomes confused when he gets upon his feet. He has always arisen after Sir Richard Cartwright, and some of the lesser oppositionists have for some days be- laboured Sir Leonard Tilley's budget speech. It is very noticeable that Mr. White's state- ments upon financial questions have been generally passed over by the snapping fry. Upon the reconstruction of the Cabinet in the summer of 1885, Mr. White was invited to a seat in it by Sir John A. Macdonald. The unfortunate outbreak in the North-West had left affairs in that portion of the country in a pitiable plight ; for shortly after the close of the tumult, and while the territory yet lay distracted after the war, Sir David Mac- pherson, who had been Minister of the In- terior, was obliged, owing to ill health, to resign, and seek amelioration at the baths in Germany. Meanwhile every eye was searching for a man with the ability and the industry to take charge of the vacated head- ship ; and when it was announced that the member for Cardwell was the gentleman for the post, the most complete satisfaction was expressed. Even organs most bitterly op- posed to the government admitted that the selection was a most admirable one ; for the industry, the ability for organization, and the capacity of the minister elect, were known to every one. Almost immediately after receiving the appointment, Mr. White proceeded to the North-West, and made painstaking investigation into the host of unsettled affairs in that region ; and it is not necessary to seek to show how onerous, hpw tedious, and how immense this task was, and the work which afterwards fell to him at his place in the capital. Even now are heard threats from the intractable In- dian tribes ; and raids and disturbances are predicted for the spring. We mention this fleeting matter to show the grave responsi- bility resting upon the shoulders of the Min- ister of the Interior. There is, let us point out, much satisfaction in knowing that there is no public man of whom we have know- ledge, better fitted to cope with so moment- ous a charge than Mr. White. There was expectation that he would succeed Sir Leonard Tilley as Minister of Finance. Well, it is not unlikely that, when organiza- tion in his present department is perfected, and peace restored in the torn and distracted territory, Mr. White may be found at the head of the finance department, a position for which his abilities specially and emphat- ically fit him. Before closing the sketch, we think it is only fair to mention that the Hon. Mr. White, like many of the leading men who now hold public positions, re- ceived his early training as a speaker in the division rooms of the Sons of Temperance, and that, when a young man and a resident of Lower Canada, he occupied one of the highest positions in the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of the Province of Quebec, and was the first in Canada to write a pamphlet explaining the aims and objects of an order of temperance workers, that are as active to-day in extending the cause of temperance and prohibition as it was over thirty years ago, when it was first intro- duced into our country. Lavell, Michael, M.D., Kingston, Ontario, was born on December 29th, 1825, in the City of Quebec. He comes of united Irish and French ancestry, and at an early age was left an orphan with his two elder brothers, both of whom are ministers of the Gospel. Michael Lavell, after careful preparation, commenced the study of medi- cine at Toronto. After his course had expired here, he proceeded to Philadel- phia, U.S., where he completed his studies. Dr. Lavell enjoys the repute of being re- markably skilful in his profession, and we may be permitted to point out some of his professional acquisitions. He was a sur- geon in the militia force, (1856); was a member of the Ontario Medical Council from 1866 to 1885; president of the Med- ical Council, 1874 ; examiner in medicine for the Medical Council in 1873 and 1874 ; was professor of Obstetrics, etc., in Queen's University, and the Royal College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, from 1860 to 1885 ; and is president of the Woman's Medical College, and honourary physician to Kings- ton General Hospital. He was likewise surgeon to the Kingston Penitentiary, from 1872 to 1885 ; and was appointed warden of Kingston Penitentiary in February, 1885. In politics he has always been staunch upon the Conservative side ; and in religion he professes the doctrines of the Methodist church. Dr. Lavell married, in 1853, the eldest daughter of the late W. Reeve, of Toronto. He has had twelve children, two of whom are dead ; the eldest son, the late C. H. Lavell, M. D., died in 1884. and the fourth son, Richard, died in 1879, while a student at college. One son, John R. Lavell, is practising law at Smith's Falls, another, W. A. Lavell, is practising medi- cine at Smith's Falls, the others are pursuing their studies at Kingston. Dr. Lavell com- 404 A CYCLOPEDIA OF mencedthe practice of medicine, in Peter- boro', Ontario, in 1853: and removed to Kingston in 1858, continuing in the prac- tice of his profession there, until appointed warden of Kingston Penitentiary. He en- joyed an extensive and lucrative practice. He never entered municipal or political life, being too much occupied with professional and collegiate duties. He always has been active in church work, holding official posi- tions therein for forty years. He has been identified with all moral movements during his life. He has been an active member of the University of Victoria College board and senate for some twenty-five years. He is likewise a member of the General confer- ence of the Methodist church, and has been since its organizatian. Not alone as a phy- sician, but socially, is the subjeet of this sketch eminent and worthy. Girdwood, Gilbert Prout, Mont- real, M.R.C.S., England, licentiate of the Province of Upper Canada ; of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Quebec ; M.D. C.M., McGill ; member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Quebec ; member of the Natural History Society of Montreal, F.R.C.S. Canada, one of the original Fel- lows in the Mathematical and Physical sec- tion ; member of the British and Ameri- can Association for the advancement of sci- ence, and member of the Society of Public Analysts, England, was born at London, England, on the 22nd October, 1832. His father was Gilbert Finlay Girdwood, M.D., Edinburgh, who practised medicine in Lon- don, England, for 35 years. This gentle- man was the author of numerous papers on professional subjects. The family has been, for 300 years, at Costorphine, near Edin- burgh, and are well known. His mother was Susan Sophia, daughter of the Rev. Thomas Bazeley, rector of Lavenhan, Suffolk, England, and chaplain to the late Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria. Gilbert Prout Girdwood obtained his early educa- tional instruction at a private school in Lon- don, England, and when he had attained a proper age he entered the University Col- lege and St. George's School of Medicine. This latter is the last of the private medical schools of England, and was originally known as the John and William Hunter school. On November 8th, 1854, he entered the army and was gazetted assistant surgeon to H. M. Grenadier Guards, 1st battalion. He served here till December 17th, 1861, when he was ordered to Canada, the Trent affair at that time having disturbed the peace. On the return of the battalion to England, in September, 1864, he retired from the service. He was appointed sur- geon to the Military prison in Montreal, and surgeon to the Victoria Rifles, in the same city. In 1866 he went to the front with the last named regiment, and was appointed medical staff officer of the militia of Canada in the same year. He was attending physi- cian of the Montreal dispensary in 1864, and has since been consulting physician to the same institution. He was attending surgeon of the Montreal General Hospital from the year 1875 to the present time ; and was a health officer of the city in the year 1867. With respect to his Masonic record, it may be stated that he was initiated in 1862, in St. Paul's lodge, English register, 374 ; held office of I. G., 1864 ; past W.M. St. Paul's, 374, E. R., S. D., 1865 ; seer., 1866; past Z., St. Paul's chapter, J. W., 1867 ; S. W., 1868 ; Knights Templars and 32°, W. M., 1871-72. He has held other higher offices in higher degrees of the order, and has been a member of the Royal Society of Canada since its commencement. He has likewise been professor of chemistry in the medical faculty of McGill College from 1879 to the present ; and is professor of practical chemistry in the same college. Dr. Girdwood has always been a Conservative, but he has no taste for political affairs, and has not concerned himself in the strife of our parties. In religion, he is an adherent of the Church of England. On the 9th of April, he married Fanny Merriman, daughter of the late Thomas Evans Blackwell, C. E., member of the Institute of Civil Engineers, England, and a grand niece of the late Dr. Buckland, dean of Westminster. It is not necessary, with such a record before the reader, to bestow any eulogy upon the talent and the industry of a man who could achieve- so much as Dr. Girdwood has accomplished. We simply leave the record as a stimulant to some ambitious young men before whose eyes this sketch may come. Radcliffe, Richard, Goderich, On- tario, was born at Amherstburg, County of Essex, on the 9th April, 1838. He is- the youngest son of Colonel, Hon. Thomas Radcliffe, and his wife Sarah Ann Arm- strong. [For particulars respecting the ancestry of Mr. Radcliffe, vide sketch of Colonel, Hon. Thomas Radcliffe.] Our sub- ject was educated at home by his mother- till ten years of age, after which he attended the old Model school at Toronto, which stood on King street, where the present lieutenant-governor's residence now is. For a short period he also attended the Upper CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 405 Canada College, then a very superior seat of learning. Mr. Radcliffe was appointed clerk in Her Majesty's customs at Fort Erie, in September, 1855 ; and in April, 1866, he re- moved to Goderich, where he remained till June 30th, 1885, when he retired, after thirty years' service, during which time he was frequently assigned the duty of reliev- ing officer at various ports, viz. : Kingston, Dundas, Guelph, and other places. He was initiated into the Masonic order in Maitland lodge, No. 33, March, 1875 ; exalted to the Royal Arch degree in Huron chapter, No. 30, in May, 1877 ; was elected worshipful master of Maitland lodge, on 24th December, 1879 ; was W.M. for four years in succession; was elected district deputy grand master for Huron district, which comprises the counties of Huron, Perth and Bruce in 1882, and again in 1883. He was elected grand prin- cipal sojourner of the Grand Chapter of Canada of Royal Arch masons in 1884, and grand constable of the Grand Priory of Knights Templars of Canada in 1885, and was appointed on the board of general pur- poses of the Grand Lodge of Canada in the same year. He is also a 14° in the A. and A. Scottish rite. In politics Mr. Radcliffe is a sincere Conservative. He has always been a staunch member of the English church, and invariably took an active part in church matters, having been church war- den for many years. He married at Fort Erie, Eliza, youngest daughter of Col. John Warren, by his wife Charlotte Stanton, eld- est daughter of William Stanton, assistant commissary-general, by whom he has had one daughter. Miller, William, Galt, Judge of the County Court, County of Waterloo, Ontario, was born in the township of Niagara, Upper Canada, on the 20th October, 1810. He is a son of William Duff Miller and Anne Vansickle. Mr. Miller received a careful educational training in the town of Niagara, and when his studies were completed, he be- gan the study of law in the office of the Hon. Robert Dickson, applying himself with much diligence. He was called to the bar in 1835, after which he began the practice of his pro- fession, in Dundas, where he remained, in practice, for eighteen years. In 1853 he was appointed judge of the county court of the County of Waterloo ; and this position he has since filled with satisfaction, and with the dignity and impartiality so in- dispensable to the ideal judge. He married, in 1837, at Canandaigua, N. Y., Cornelia Chesebro', the eldest daughter of Nicholas Godard Chesebro'. Sibbald, Rev. E. W., Rector of Christ Church, Belleville, Ontario, was born at Wenallt, Cardiganshire, South Wales, on the 20th of June, 1858. The old family residence is beautifully situated on the banks of the river Ystwith, in one of the picturesque valleys of the country, and surrounded by high mountains. Our sub- ject is the son of John Sibbald, of Edin- burgh, Scotland, a descendant of an old and well-known family of that place. Some members of the family have occupied im- portant positions in the military and liter- ary world. The first president of Edin- burgh University was Sir Robert Sibbald ; Colonel Sibbald, of the Sikh campaign, and Major Sibbald, of the Coldstream guards, were of the same family. John Sibbald, when a young man, removed to Wales with his uncle, Robert Sibbald, who had pur- chased the tithes in Cardiganshire. Here he became married to Cnarlotte Williams, of Pengelly, whose family is one of the oldest and most respected in old Cumry ; and said to be descended from Caradoc, Prince of South Wales. Many traditions of Caradoc still exist about Pengelly House. Here are shown the Falls of Caradoc, Pwll Caradoc, the cave of Caradoc, etc. Mrs. John Sibbald, the mother of the subject of our sketch, is the sister of Rev. John Williams, for forty-two years vicar of Aberdovey; of Rev. Thomas Williams, rec- tor of St. George, St, Asaph, the compiler of the Welsh hymnal, which is in general use throughout the principality ; of Rev. Edward Williams, of Douglas, Isle of Man; of Rev. Eleazer Williams, rector of Pull- hely ; and of Ebenezer Williams, the pre- sent proprietor of Pengelly. In the family are cherished the names of many of the old notable preachers of Wales ; as for many generations it has been peculiarly clerical. The late Canon Jones of Tryde- gar, a clergyman of great worth, and one of the most able and eloquent of preachers, was a cousin of Mrs. Sibbald. Mr. Sibbald, with his family, came to Canada in 1861, where he has since remained. For some years the family have resided in Toronto. Here the Rev. Mr. Sibbald prosecuted his studies in University College, and gradu- ated in theology in Wycliffe College. He was ordained deacon on the 25th of Sept., and presbyter on the 8th of April, 1883, by the Right Rev. Arthur Sweatman, D. D., bishop of Toronto. He was appointed to the parish of Rosemont, where his work was remarkably blessed, and will always be a lasting monument to his energetic life 406 A CYCLOPEDIA OF and untiring zeal. Several churches were erected in places where services had not pre- viously been held. St. David, Everett, a beautiful and costly church, was erected, and a large number of families became members of it; and at the present time it has a most prosperous congregation. The parish received the marked recognition of the mission board in gratefully declin- ing the grant offered to assist them ; and the bishop in his charge referred to their action and work in commendatory terms. Through the Rev. Mr. Sibbald's efforts services were opened in several places to the north of his parish, which now forms an independent mission and is prospering in charge of students from Wycliffe College. In the beginning of 1883, contrary to his personal preferences, but in obedience to an evident indication of God's will, Mr. Sib- bald became assistant minister of Christ Church, Belleville. After the decease of the late Rev. Dr. Clarke, he succeeded him as rector. The rev. gentleman takes an ac- tive interest in all questions of public im- portance, and keeps himself abreast of the times. He was elected in 1883, a member of the American Association for the advanc- ment of Science ; and soon afterward he was elected a member of the British Scienti- fic Association. In 1884 he was elected the Right Worthy Grand Chaplain of the so- ciety of the Sons of England, a society of recent origin, but one that has met with great success and favour in our country; and which is destined, at no distant day to largely influence our national life. Its character, we have no doubt, will be largely influenced and moulded by its able grand chaplain. Our subject, however, is best known outside of his ministerial work as an indefatigable worker in the cause of temper- ance. In connection with his church there is a temperance society numbering about 700, and about 200 children in the Band of Hope. As he affirms, he is compelled to prosecute the temperance work, " because intemperance is the great obstacle to all re- ligious influence, the great barrier between man and God, between earth and heaven." He has ably assisted in the Scott Act cam- paign in Halton, and many of the counties and cities of the Dominion, by delivering powerful and eloquent lectures in behalf of that law. In recognition of his valuable services, he was elected vice-president of the Dominion Alliance. His sympathies in ecclesiastical affairs are decidedly in support of the Evangelical part of the church; and his teaching manifests strong conviction of the truth of their doctrines and the right of their position. He is an ardent support- er of Wycliffe College and its teaching ; be- lieving it to be most necessary to check the inroads made by certain tendencies of the times, viz., aestheticism, sentimentality, rit- ualism and sacredotalism. His strong ad- vocacy of Evangelical truth, has gained him many warm sympathizers. He is still but a young man, and everything bespeaks for him a long, useful, and influential career. Lloyd, Thomas Daniel, Barrie, Ont., was born atClonegal, Wexford, Ireland, 18th October, 1803, and is, therefore, now in his eighty third year. His father, John Lloyd, was an excise officer, the son of Allen Lloyd, of St. Johns, whose name is still remember- ed as an active loyalist in the Irish rebellion of 1798. He was one of those imprisoned by the rebels in the famous windmill on Vinegar Hill, near Enniscorthy, but spared, because beloved by the people, while all his comrades were butchered with the merciless pike. His grandson, the subject of this sketch, received his education at Enniscor- thy and Dublin, pursuing a course of study at the Fine Arts School of the Royal Dublin Society, it being his wish to become an artist. But family misfortune extinguished this hope, and in the year 1832 he sailed for Canada with his brothers, and chopped out a home in the backwoods of the County of Hastings, where his mother resided until her death in 1860. She was the daughter of Thomas Hunt, of Roxborough, Water- ford, and a cousin of the late Sir Hugh Pal- liser. On the outbreak of the rebellion in 1837, Mr. Lloyd joined the County of Has- tings battalion, a hastily formed band of loyalists, whose only uniform at that time consisted of red woollen night-caps. He was made a sergeant on the expedition to Kings- ton to meet the rebels, a journey accom- plished in sleighs, in the depth of winter. In the year 1843 he went to Toronto, driv- ing as far as Cobourg, and walking the rest of the distance. At this time the District of Simcoe was set apart, and on Judge Gowan's appointment, Mr. Lloyd proceeded to Barrie to fulfil the duties of deputy-clerk of the Crown, riding on horseback from To- ronto, and thus, first coming in sight of Kempenfeldt bay and the two or three log houses comprising Barrie, nestling in the dense primeval forest. On the establish- ment of the division courts shortly after- wards, he was appointed clerk at Barrie, which office he held until his retirement in 1880. He was adjutant, and afterwards major, in the sedentary militia, and was CAN ADI A N BIO GRAPH I 407 finally gazetted lieutenant-colonel of the Simcoe battalion, on 8th September, 1856, retaining the command until the old system was superseded by the active volunteers. Mr. Lloyd has always been conservative in politics from sympathy and early education; but he has taken no active part in political or municipal affairs, and is perhaps deserv- ing of record, as a man who has lived a long life without the slightest connection with any society, secret or of any other descrip- tion. He has always been a member of the Church of England, but his religious views are perhaps best expressed in his own words : " in youth, theological ; in middle age, metaphysical, or abstract; and in later life, positivist or real." Possessed of a reflective and philosophical rather than an active mind, he has ever loved a quiet life, delight- ing in books, music, painting and horticul- ture-grape-growing being one of his favour- ite employments. He was the first to prove by actual experiment that grape culture was possible as far north as Barrie. In 1846 he married Matilda, second daughter of the late Lieutenat-Colonel W. B. McVity, clerk of the peace for the County of Simcoe, who only survived six years, leaving him two sons. The subject of this sketch is of a re- tiring disposition, and would hesitate to call himself a representative Canadian, but the writer feels that he is well worthy of being so recorded, as one who was identified with the early struggles of Canada, and the first settlement of the County of Simcoe ; and as a man who after holding a rather uncongen- ial public office for the long period of thirty seven years, has retained the good-will and respect of all by his steady industry, sterling, honour and kind heart ; qualities most de- sirable in every true representative Can- adian. Gibson, Stephen, Barrister-at-law, Napanee, Ontario, was born March 23rd, 1837, at St. Martins, Scilly Islands, Corn- wall, England. His parents Were Stephen and Elizabeth Gibson, and his father was born July 15th, 1801, being the youngest son of John Gibson, who went to the islands from Scotland. He was descended from the Scottish family of that name, and was a man of sterling character and marked ability. He was in his day, owing to the isolated position of the islands, looked up to by the inhabitants as the chief man of the place, and in their communications with the outside world he was the head business man of the island, and transacted all the people's affairs. After his death his position was filled by his son. The island in those early days, was, owing to its position, a con- siderable port for shipping, being situated at the mouth of the English and Irish chan- nels, and vessels on the homeward trips generally called at the port of Scilly for or- ders. One of the principal occupations of the place was pilotry, and in this calling a number of the inhabitants engaged. There was also at the principal port several ship yards, where ship-building was carried on, and facilities existed for repairing ships that had sustained damage during the long homeward voyage ; henca a large number of workmen were employed, and the wharves and shipyards presented a busy scene. But since steamships have taken the place of sailing vessels all this is changed. The sub- ject of this sketch early acquired a taste for reading. Having obtained a thorough knowledge of the common English branches of study, he endeavoured to extend his knowledge by personal effort, after he had gone through the common school course. There being no advanced schools at the island he determined to educate himself, and procured the necessary works. He soon acquired a knowledge of the French language, which he put in practice as much as possible whenever the opportunity offered, with the French sailors who came into port, and was soon able to interpret for the pilots. From general reading he acquired a desire to see and know something of the great world outside. Owing to the limited means afforded by the occupations on the islands, he had a desire to try his fortune in Amer- ica ; and in the spring of 1858 left home, arriving in Canada on May 5th, 1858. He went as far as Cobourg, and made that place his home for a few years, while looking around to determine his future course. At this time the openings for young men were not very good, owing to the depression over the country ; but he determined to per- severe, and while using every spare moment in a study of classics and mathematics, he engaged in the forwarding business during the summer season. In this way he made a large commercial acquaintance, and visited all the principal towns and cities fronting the great lakes from Kingston to Chicago. During the winter months he prosecuted his studies, and as soon as he was qualified, entered Victoria University, attending there during the winter sessions. Here he was enabled by forced work to keep up the year's work in the winter session as well as take other general studies not in the regu- lar course. In the year 1863, he formed an acquaintancs with William Kerr, Q.C., then 408 A CYCLOPEDIA OF practising in Cobourg, and determined to study law. He passed the matriculating examination, and was entered on the books of the Law Society at Osgoode Hall, in May, 1863, and remained in Mr. Kerr's office at Cobourg until Aug., 1864. At this period W. H. R. Allison, a practising barrister at Picton, offered him a position in his office, and he removed thither, where he remained until admitted to practice in May, 1868, after passing the several examinations re- quired by the Law Society. Having severely taxed his health by close application to study, he paid a visit to his native home, after an absence of eleven years. Although his time was very short, being limited to six weeks, the bracing sea voyage completely restored his naturally strong constitution, and he returned to work with renewed vigour. He was called to the bar in Feb- ruary, 1869, and remained in Picton, hav- ing entered into partnership with Mr. Allison, till the fall, when he removed to Napanee, and opened an office there. Dur- ing his course of study he had to work hard to obtain the necessary funds to carry him through without any assistance, refusing to ask help from his friends at home, and de- termined to make his own way independ- ently. Whatever position he has attained is owing entirely to steady, persevering appli- cation. During this period family difficulties at home required pecuniary assistance from him, and this severely taxed his energies. Coming to Napanee, in September, 1869, although a complete stranger, having no friends or acquaintance,yet he soon acquired a steady practice by close attention to busi- ness, and in the spring of 1872 he entered into partnership with Jas. S. Cartwright, the present registrar of Queen's Bench Division Supreme Court of Judicature ; and this business connection continued until the fall of 1877, when Mr. Cartwright re- moved to Toronto. During vacation in 1864 he attended Kingston military school, and passed the regular examination as cadet, and obtained the usual certificate entitling him to a commission. In 1866, during the Fenian raid, he joined the 16th battalion volunteers, under Lieutenant-Colonel Ross, and was appointed lieutenant of No. 4 company, serving with the battalion while they were at the front. He continued his connection with the battalion for a few years, attending the annual drill for some time after leaving Picton, but pressure of business would not allow him to retain the position and he resigned, although very much devoted to military drill and life. While at Cobourg he became a member of St.John's lodge, A.F. and A.M. ; was elected secre- tary, and continued in that office while he remained at Cobourg ; was admitted as a member of the Royal Arch Masons, at Napanee, having joined the chapter there, and filled all the offices up to first principal in that chapter. He also joined lodge 86, Napanee, of Oddfellows, and is a member of Napanee Lodge. Being a member of the Liberal Association for Lennox in 1883, he was elected president of the Lennox Reform Association, which position he still holds ; and he has always taken an active part in politics, acting with the Reform side. In the summer of 1875 he spent four months in travelling in England, Scotland and Wales, and visited several of the scenes of earlier days. He was in London during the May season, and had the honour of occu- pying a seat on the platform when the late Earl Shaftesbury presided over the British and Foreign Bible Society meeting, and sev- eral of the most noted men of the Empire were present, viz. : the Archbishop of Can- terbury, Bishop Melbourne, Revs. Morley Punshon, Spurgeon, and many other distin- guished men were there. Mr. Gibson was baptised in the Established Church, and at- tended the service of that church during youth at home. In 1864 he became a mem- ber of the Wesleyan Methodist church, at Cobourg, and has continued his connection with that church to the present. In Sep- tember, 1870, he married Mary E. Augusta Clute, daughter of R. R. Clute, of Sterling, and sister of R. C. Clute, of Belleville, barrister-at-law. There are four children, boys, all too young to have any very inter- esting history, except for their own family. Smith, Alexander, Manager of the Merchants Bank of Canada, Napanee, On- tario, was born in the City of Aberdeen, Scotland, on the 12th January, 1825. His father was Alexander Smith, advocate, of Aberdeen, and his mother was Elizabeth Lamond, of Strathmore, Aberdeenshire. Alexander Smith received a careful educa- tional training, at first passing under the hands of private tutors, and subsequently by entering the University of Aberdeen. On completing his education he was engaged for a time in banking, and then joined the army, and was ensign and lieutenant in the 72nd Highlanders from 1846 to 1850. His travels had been confined to Ireland and the West Indies, whether he went with his regi- ment. It was while in the West Indies that, being about to marry, he sold out, and set sail for Canada. Upon his arrival in Can- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 409 ada he adopted farming, but had no success, and abandoned it in 1859, taking a post in the Commercial Bank of Canada, at Strat- ford, in that year. He was transferred from Stratford to Clinton, the year following, as manager of the branch there. In 1864 he was transferred to Napanee as head of the branch, likewise, and he has since re- mained in that town without desire of change. We may state, that before making application for his commission in the army, our subject was required by his father to serve a five years apprenticeship in a bank in Scotland ; and at the end of this period he had risen to the position of accountant in the institution. This precaution, as events unforeseen afterwards shaped themselves, proved to have been a very wise one. For many years Mr. Smith was an active mem- ber of the Church of England, but in 1872 he was brought to see that " there is but one church, and this is Christ's body, in which there can be no divisions." Since then he has been with those who are known as Brethren, a very pious and exemplary re- ligious body ; and in which communion Mr. Smith has declared he shall continue gladly to the end. Mr. Smith was married to Margaret Crichton, daughter of Henry Crichton, merchant, Barbadoes, West In- dies, at Christ Church Cathedral, Bridge- town, Barbadoes, on the 30th day of April, 1850. Allan, John Henry, Picton, Ontario, was born in the township of Fredericksburgh, County of Lennox, Ontario, October 7th, 1829. His father, Peter Allan, was a native of Greenock, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1820, and married Margaret McDonald, of Glengarry, aunt to the Hon. John Sand- field McDonald, and Hon. D. A. McDonald, late lieutenant-governor of Ontario. J. H. Allan was the second son by this marriage. He went to Picton, County of Prince Edward, in 1837, where he received his education ; and after a sojourn of three years in the town of Whitby, returned to Picton and settled permanently. During his stay in Whitby he was engaged in the livery business, mail and express carriage. In 1856 he commenced the business of a seedsman and general grain dealer, and after a few years devoted himself exclusively to the business of seedsman, in which capacity he attained a widespread notoriety and se- cured a handsome competence. His enter- prise and success in the propagation of pure varieties of peas and beans is shown by the fact that several fine varieties are now sold under his name. For many years he has had from 100 to 150 farmers in Prince Edward and adjoining counties engaged in growing seeds, especially for himself, which he markets in Europe and the United States. He was for many years a prominent mem- ber, and earnest promoter, of agricultural societies, having been president of the coun- ty society ; and he is frequently called to assist in other localities. In this connection he also has imported some of the finest stock of horses, and has done much to im- prove the class of roadsters in his county. The Picton driving park owes its existence largely to his efforts. In municipal matters he has always taken a leading part ; was elected to the council in 1864, and retained a seat at the board, excepting for an inter- val of one or two years, until 1880 when he retired, after having occupied the position of mayor for seven consecutive years. He was a strong promoter of the Prince Edward County Railway (now Central Ontario), act- ing as director on the first board, and was also appointed as a government trustee of the Grand Junction Railway during its con- struction. He joined the volunteer infantry militia in 1860, and was promoted to the captaincy of No. 7 company, 10th battalion ; and in 1863 he retired, in order to com- mand a troop of cavalry of his own rais- ing, but which, through some change of policy, was not accepted by the department of militia. In almost every local enterprise his name, his patronage, and his earnest as- sistance have been given, and his judgment is sought by many on various subjects and occasions. In general politics he is a Liberal of the liberals. He always takes an active part in elections, and is ever ready to ex- press his convictions upon all political ques- tions, publicly or privately. He is now presi- dent of the Reform Association for the coun- ty. He married in 1853, Jane Almeda, daughter of W. S. Fralick, of Ernestown, Lennox. He has no children. Chadwick, Eieut.-Col. Chas. Eli, Police Magistrate, Ingersoll, Ont., was born in Preston, Lancashire, England,on the 13th August, 1818. He is a son of the Reverend Eli Chadwick, his mother being Margaret, daughter of the late James Weal, of Annan, Scotland, who resided in Dumfriesshire. Rev. Eli Chadwick married in England, and was a Congregational minister, stationed at the town of Preston. In 1820 he left Eng- land and landed in Quebec, but the climate was not congenial to his health, and after a short stay he returned to England. He remained at home till 1826, when he again crossed the ocean, taking up his abode near 410 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Vittoria, Norfolk county, Ontario. He commenced teaching in 1838 in what is known as the old district schools, and there re- mained till 1844, when he was taken ill and died, leaving behind him his wife and seven children. Mrs. Chadwick died in 1872. Charles Eli spent his early years upon his father's farm in the County of Norfolk, and enjoyed the advantage of a very careful pri- mary and classical educational training. At the age of sixteen he left school, and continu- ed farming until his 22nd year, when he went to the village of Drummondville, Wel- land county, and entered the employ of his uncle, Benjamin Chadwick, merchant. After remaining here for two years, in conse- quence of his father's failing health, he re- turned again to the farm (1840) where he remained until 1843, when he married. He then moved to the County of Oxford and settled on a farm of 500 acres, in the town- ship of Dereham. Here he remained for ten years, and then removed to Ingersoll, where he received the appointment of postmaster. In 1854 he accepted the management of the Niagara District Bank, in Ingersoll, continu- ing his connection with this institution for a period of nineteen years. Then this bank became amalgamated with the Imperial, and Mr. Chadwick assumed the managership for two years of the conjoined institutions. In 1877 he resigned and established a general agency, which he conducted till 1880, when he was appointed police magistrate for the town of Ingersoll. This position he still holds, revealing in his judicial capacity always sound and just judgment, and the sort of dignity that becomes the bench. In 1837 he took an active part in the rebellion on the loyalist side. In 1850 he wasappoint- ed major in the 6th battalion, Oxford militia, and continued in such rank until the death of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Van Nor- man in 1860, when he succeeded him as lieutenant - colonel of the regiment. He has ever since continued to hold this rank. In 1846 he was elected a member of the old district council of the County of Oxford, retaining the same for three years. Upon the formation of the township councils he was appointed clerk and treasurer of the township of Dereham, and also superintendent of education, member of the school board, and member of the grammar school board of Ingersoll. He continued to fill these offices with marked ability until his removal in 1853 to the town of Ingersoll. On arriving here he took as active an interest in educational matters, as he had done before, and in 1877 he retired from the school board, after having servedin such capacity for twenty years. He was elec- ted mayor of Ingersoll by acclamation, and was re-elected for 1879. He has been a direc- tor of the Ingersoll and Port Burwell Gravel Road Company for the last twenty years ; is secretary of the Dairymen's Association of Western Ontario ; secretary of the Ingersoll Rural Cemetery Company, and one of the county auditors. Mr. Chadwick has been chairman of the Reform Association of the south riding of Oxford for a number of years. For forty years past he has been a zealous worker in his party's cause, has frequently been solicited to offer himself for legis- lative honors, which it has always been felt his fine abilities and his high character would adorn. He was a warm admirer and friend of the late Sir Francis Hincks. Mr. Chadwick has been an extensive traveller, having paid a visit to the World's fair at Vienna in 1873, and to Paris and other parts of France during the exposition of 1878. He attended the Centennial at Phila- delphia in 1876, as well as many parts of old Canada. Mr. Chadwick is a Baptist. He married, in 1843, Jane, daughter of the late William McCartney, of Oxford county. By this union there were nine children, five of whom are living. Mrs. Chadwick died in 1882. In 1849 Mr. Chadwick was appointed one of Her Majesty's justices of the peace, and about the same time was created a com- missioner for taking affidavits in the Queen's Bench. Since he became a resident of In- gersoll, Mr. Chadwick has written much for the local press on political, educational and general subjects, and his pen is still more or less engaged in the same pursuit. He has on many occasions delivered addresses be- fore different organizations, and received flattering commendations for the able man- ner in which he has presented his views to the public. On several occasions he has been the speaker of the day at Ingersoll on the celebration of the natal day of the Dominion, and his orations were published in the local papers, and highly compli- mented for their high-toned patriotism as well as their literary composition. Mr. Chadwick, although an Englishman by birth, and still retaining an attachment to- wards the old land, is thoroughly Canadian in sentiment, confident in her great future, and loyal to her institutions, in the firm belief that we have an heritage out of which will eventually grow one of the greatest and most enlightened nations of the earth if Canadians are only loyal and true to them- selves. It would be a grave omission to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 411 neglect mentioning here a series of fine papers, entitled, " Reminicences of a Pioneer," contributed to the local press by Mr. Chadwick, and, as the title implies, dealing with the joint experience of the subject of this sketch and his father in the Canadian wilderness. These papers are written with much vividness and grace, and we think that the author should put them ' ' in covers " that they might become permanent. Ermatinger, Charles Oaks, M.P.P. for East Elgin, and head of the firm of Er- matinger & Robinson, Barristers, Solicitors, etc., St. Thomas, Ont. was born on the 5th February, 1851, at St. Thomas, where he now resides. His father, Edward Erma- tinger, formerly M. P. for Middlesex, Upper Canada, was born on the Island of Elba, and was a son of Lawrence Ermatinger, born in Montreal, and assistant commis- sary-general in the British army. Our subject's mother was A.chsah, daughter of the late Honourable Zaccheus Burnham, member of the Legislative Council of old Canada. Edward Ermatinger, the father of Charles Oaks, left England in the year 1818, in the employ of the Hudson Bay Company, and was stationed at York Fac- tory, and on the Columbia and at other posts. After a stay of ten years in the ser- vice he went to Montreal, and thence, in 1830, to the then small place now known as St. Thomas. Here he established himself in mercantile life, and in this occupation con- tinued for a period of forty years. During this time he had been successively appointed manager of the Bank of Upper Canada, the Commercial Bank, and the Bank of Mont- real, and the latter position he retained for fourteen years. At this juncture the Bank of Elgin was established, and Mr. Erma- tinger resigned his position in the Montreal and became president and casheir of the new institution. The bank subsisted for a period of about ten years. In 1835 Mr. Ermatinger was appointed postmaster of St. Thomas, and he resigned in 1871, when his son Frank E. Ermatinger was appointed to the vacant office. He died in 1876, leaving a family of three children behind him, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. Mrs. Erma- tinger died in 1881. Charles Oaks Ermatinger completed his educational studies in the St. Thomas and Galt Grammar schools. When he had attained his seventeenth year he left school and went into the office of H. F. Ellis, now city clerk of St. Thomas, where he remained for a year studying law, then proceeding to Toronto, and entered the office of D. B. Read, Q.C. He continued his studies here until his call to the bar in 1873. He at once began the practice of his profession at St. Thomas, and success very speedily began to wait upon his great activity and happy legal address. For politics he had a marked penchant, and in time became councillor and aiderman (four years) at St. Thomas ; and in February, 1883, entered the Provincial Legislature as representative for East Elgin. In the legis- lature he is an active member, and he readily- won the attention and respect of the House. He has taken a very zealous part in the affairs of his own locality, and especially in the settlement of financial and sectional questions which divided St. Thomas ; and he was prominent in obtaining the incorpo- ration of the city in 1881. In 1881 he became an Ancient Forester, and he is an honorary member of the Sons of England.. In religion he is a staunch adherent of the Church of England. He has been church- warden for two years, and has been a dele- gate to the Synod of Huron for Trinity- church for several years past. He married on the 14th October, 1876, Charlotte, widow of the late Arthur Dickson of Niagara, and eldest daughter of Colonel Hugh Richard- son, stipendary magistrate, North-West ter- ritories (the same gentleman who tried Riel). There are two children by this union. Mr. Ermatinger was appointed Q. C. in 1885. It is understood that he has in course of pre- paration a work on the Canadian franchise and election laws, which, being timely, and treated by such a competent hand, will be certain to receive a wide welcome. Strathy, Henry Hatton, Q.C., Bar- rie.--Amongst the representative Canadians that the picturesque town of Barrie, in the County of Simcoe, can claim as her own, we name Henry Hatton Strathy, the sub- ject of our present sketch, who was born in that town on the 8th of December, 1847. His father, the late John Strathy, who was a native of Scotland, practised for many years as a barrister in the same town. His mother, the youngest daughter of the late Henry Hatton Gowan, is a sister to our sen- ator, the Honourable Judge Gowan. Mr. Strathy completed his classical education at the Barrie Grammar school, and after passing, his preliminary examination at Osgoode Hall, as a student-at-law, entered his father's office, in Barrie, being then sixteen, and continued his studies till his father retired from practice and the family removed to To- ronto, which was in the fall of 1864. He then entered the office of the Honourable 412 A CYCLOPEDIA OF M. C. Cameron, with whom he studied up to the time of passing his final examinations, in February, 1869. During his studentship, and during the troubled times of 1866, he prepared himself in the Toronto Military school to take command of a company ; and obtained the usual certificate of fitness. Af- ter Mr. Strathy was called to the bar, he returned to his native town, and entered on the practice of his profession there. When only a few months over age, and not many weeks a full-fledged lawyer, he was deputed, in consequence of the sudden illness of the county court judge, to hold the division court in one of the most important towns in the county. A similar responsibility, very probably, has not fallen to any other prac- titioner in the Dominion, at an age so young. The local press commenting upon the "young judge," spoke highly of his alertness and legal acumen. As a politician he has taken a somewhat prominent posi- tion in his own county. He is president ■of the Young Men's Liberal-Conservative Association of West Simcoe, and of the Lib- eral-Conservative Association of the town of Barrie. At the conservative convention in 1882, he was nominated to contest the west riding of Simcoe, but was unable to accept the proffered honour. In church matters, he takes an active and never flagging inter- est. He is an Episcopalian with strong evangelical views. He was married early in the year 1878, to Marian Isabella, the young- est daughter of the late Rev. S. B. Ardagh, first rector of Barrie. Mr. Strathy has an excellent practice, and being well known in his county, he is held in high esteem, both as a lawyer and as a man. In October, 1885, the Dominion government appointed him one of Her Majesty's counsel learned in the law, an appointment which elicited commen- datory remarks, not only from the conserva- tive press, but from the reform newspapers as well. We close this sketch with the fol- lowing extract taken from an editorial which appeared in the .Examiner, a leading organ in the County of Simcoe of the Reform par- ty.-" That Mr. Henry H. Strathy should be the one selected from this county bar caused no surprise, and, so far as we can learn, no pangs of disappointment to the other barris- ters of this county. On the contrary, we are assured, and have every reason to believe, that the appointment is one which not only meets with the general endorsement of the public, but is in every way acceptable to the legal profession in Simcoe. We remember Mr. Strathy when he came to Barrie to en- gage in the practice of law-perhaps about fifteen years ago. He was very youthful looking to be a full-fledged lawyer then, and we think few would have surmised that in him lay so many of the elements of suc- cess as time and circumstances have devel- oped and portrayed. His first partnership was in the firm of Ardagh, Ardagh & Stra- thy. Judge Ardagh's retirement reduced the firm to two partners, and thenceforward, for some time, the firm was known as Ardagh & Strathy. Mr. W. D. Ardagh, now Judge Ardagh, of Winnipeg, then retired, and the firm of Strathy & Ault was formed, and continued until the formation of the present firm, Lount, Strathy & Lount. Throughout all the time Mr. Strathy has practiced in Barrie he has been known as an honest, painstaking, and well read lawyer, and has been constantly winning a higher position as a counsel of the courts. He has also taken a considerable interest in politics, but never to such an extent as to interfere with his professional success." Crawford John, Aylmer, Ontario, was born in the township of Trafalgar, H al- ton county, on the 18th January, 1834. His parents were Patrick and Elizabeth Crawford, the maiden name of his mother being Madden. Patrick Crawford, the grandfather of our subject, was born near Sligo, Ireland, his wife being a native of Ireland, and his children were all born there. When he and his family came to this country, they settled in the township of Trafalgar, near the village of Hornby, where he began farming, being one of the first settlers in that locality. He was suc- cessful in his adopted occupation, which he continued in till his death ; and the home- stead remained in the hands of the family until Patrick removed to Hamilton, in 1856. He had a family of ten children, the eldest being the late Honourable George Craw- ford. Patrick, the father of John Craw- ford, remained at the homestead till 1856, when he removed to the City of Hamilton, where he led a life retired from business until his death, which occurred in 1878. He had eight children, John being the eld- est. Mrs. Crawford is still living in Hamil- ton, and, although in her seventieth year, in vigorous health. John Crawford re- ceived a careful educational training, com- pleting his studies at Victoria College, Co- bourg. He at first felt an inclination to adopt medicine as a profession, but he changed his mind, and resolved to study the law instead ; and in 1857 he entered the office of R. & E. Martin, of Hamil- ton, where he concluded his studies in CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 413 1863. On being called to the bar, he pro- ceeded to the village of Vienna, Elgin county, where he commenced practice. Here he remained for thirteen years, and then removed to Aylmer, where he has since continued to practice his profession. In Aylmer he formed a partnership with A. E. Haines, and the firm, which is now one of wide repute and in excellent practice, is known as Crawford & Haines. Mr. Craw- ford was a volunteer during the excitement of the Trent difficulty, and remained in the corps for four years. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and is an officer of the home circle. In politics he is a pronounced Conservative, and in religious matters he gives his allegi- ance to the Church of England. He mar- ried, in 1857, Georgina, youngest daughter of the late Dr. Macartney, of Hamilton, one of the leading physicians in that city. Mr. Crawford has two children, one of these, John Lyndon, being now in attendance at the University of Toronto. Mr. Crawford is much devoted to manly7 sports and out- door exercise. He has likewise a great taste for music. As a lawyer he is industrious, painstaking and energetic ; and by common consent is held to be able and " well learn- ed in the law." Dawson, George Mercer, D.S., F.G.S., F.R.S.C., Associate Royal School of Mines, etc., Assistant Director Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, was born at Pic- tou, Nova Scotia, August 1, 1849, and is the eldest son of Sir William Dawson, principal of McGill University, Montreal.. He was educated at McGill College and Royal School of Mines, London ; admitted to the associ- ateship of Royal School of Mines, 1872 ; held the Duke of Cornwall's scholarship, given by the Prince of Wales ; and took the Edward Forbes medal in palaeontology and the Murchison medal in geology. He was ap- pointed geologist and naturalist to Her Majesty's North American boundary com- mission in 1873, and investigated the coun- try in the vicinity of the boundary line between Canada and the United States from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. At the close of the commis- sion's work, in 1875, he published a report under the title of " Geology and Resources of the Forty-ninth Parallel." In July, 1875, he received an appointment on the Geolo- gical Survey of Canada. From 1875 to 1879 he was occupied in the geological sur- vey and exploration of British Columbia, and subsequently engaged in similar work both in the North-West territory and Bri- tish Columbia. In 1882, he travelled ex- tensively in Europe, inspecting mines,, metallurgical works, museums, etc. He is a member of numerous scientific societies. His travels throughout the Province of British Columbia, and in the North-West territory have been extensive, details re- pecting which are to be found in the re- ports of the Geological Survey. Dr. Daw- son is the author of numerous papers on geology; natural history, and ethnology, published in the Canadian Naturalist, Quar- terly Journal of the, Geological Society, Trans- actions of the Royal Society of Canada,. etc. It is making a very high prediction for the subject of this sketch to say that he fids fair to follow in the footsteps of his illustrious father. Already he is one of the ablest geologists in Canada, and what he has achieved in the way of original research and of discovery are altogether unusual. His whole heart seems to be in scientific work, especially in geological pursuits ; and, as we have said, if he continue " still achiev- ing, still pursuing," science shall some day look upon him as a great benefactor, and his name will be illustrious before the world. Clutton, Samuel Sparkes, Alymer, Ontario, was born in the township of West Flamboro', Wentworth county, on the 28th August, 1839. He is asonof Joseph Clutton and Sophia Sparkes. Joseph Clutton was for many years a farmer, but later in life adopted teaching as a profession. In 1832 he came to Canada, settling in West Flamborough, where, for a period, he engaged again in the work of teaching, he being a man of culture and wide learning. But above all, he was a man of strong religious fervour ; and about two years after his arrival in Flamborough he entered the ministry of the Baptist church. He became the organizer and pastor of the church at Dundas, and remained in charge of the congregation there for a period of eighteen years. He was then removed to the township of Mala- hide, where he assumed charge of what is known as the Aylmer church. From 1852 to 1882, he ministered here ; but for five years previous to his death, which occurred in his eighty-first year, he had not any par- ticular charge. The family is an old one, and may be traced back to 1678, where we find prominent, William Clutton of Bud- dington, Cheshire, England. Mrs. Clutton died in 1855, at the ripe age of eighty-eight years. In 1876, the parents of the sub- ject of this sketch celebrated their gold- en wedding. The celebration took place 414 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF in the Baptist church, Aylmer, where a large number of relatives and friends con- gregated, and Mr. Glutton was presented with a handsome gold medal to commemor- ate the affair, besides numerous other gifts. Samuel Sparkes Clutton received a Grammar school education, concluding his studies at the Dundas Grammar school. He left school at fifteen, and accompanied liis parents to Malahide, where his father purchased a saw and a woollen mill, in con- nection with his son, Joseph J. Clutton, now of Watertown, Dakota. He worked in these mills till he was twenty-one years old, and so high was his repute in the neighbourhood, that when he came of age, the people assembled and made the most marked congratulatory demonstrations. On attaining his majority, he entered into part- nership with his brother Joseph, and the firm was known as J. J. Clutton & Com- pany. The partnership lasted for eight years, after which our subject took the woollen portion of the business, which he conducted for four years, when the mills were burned. This was a severe blow, for there was very little insurance upon the property ; but nothing daunted by the calamity, Mr. Clutton gathered his energies together and repaired to Aylmer, where he embarked his little capital in the establish- ment of a woollen manufactory. Here he has remained ever since, and by integrity, industry, perseverance and thorough busi- ness habits and ability, now finds himself in possession of a valuable establishment. He was one of the first High school trustees of Aylmer, and has continued a trustee ever since. He has been a director of the Aylmer Mechanics' Institute, and has been secre- tary, president and treasurer of that body. In 1883 he was elected reeve by acclamation, and was re-elected for 1884 and 1885. In the latter year he was also elected war- den of the county. He is a Freemason, and has held the office of S.W. and W.M., in Lodge No. 140. In 1872 he received a handsome past master's jewel from brothers of the order. He is now W.M. of the lodge. He united with the Royal Arch masons, chapter No. 5, of London, in 1871, and was first principal of Aylmer chapter, organized in 1877. He was also united with the Burleigh Preceptory, registered, No. 21, of St. Thomas, in September, 1884. He has been a member of the Oddfellows since 1879, and has held several offices in the same society. He is a member of Aylmer encampment, No. 81 ; is a chartered member of Lodge No. 6, A.O.U.W., and has been the first master workman, and still holds the office. In politics Mr. Glutton is a Liberal, and in religion a Baptist. He married, in 1862, Catharine H., eldest daughter of the late George Killmaster, of Walsingham, Norfolk county, farmer and school teacher. By this lady he has had five children, the eldest, George, being with his father in the mills. The second is in the Traders Bank, in the town of Alymer ; and the two younger sons, John and William, are at present attending the High School, in Aylmer. Miss Annie, now in her eighteenth year, is at Woodstock college, and excels in painting in oils and water colours. Mountcastle, Clara H., in litera- ture "Gabis Sima," was born in Clinton, On- tario, her present place of residence. Her father and mother were English by birth, and were among the early settlers of the County of Huron. They came to this coun- try with a small capital, with which they purchased land, and erected a hewn-log house, which, though small, was more pre- tentious than any in the immediate neigh- borhood, being two stories high, with wide projecting eaves, and having French win- dows, a glass door, and a hall. Family portraits and choice scraps of English land- scape decorated the walls, while dainty bits of furniture and hangings made the interior unlike any other dwelling. These family portraits were viewed with delight by the Indians who frequently came in small squads to trade baskets for bacon and flour. Writ- ing of this sweet and artistic cottage, Miss Mountcastle says, " There I sat on my fath- er's knee, I on one knee, and my sister Lizzie on the other, while he played rare old Scotch melodies on the flute ; and there ten little feet tripped to the strains of the violin. These evening amusements were varied by games of whist, bagatelle, backgammon, cribbage, and leap-frog. This last game my mother objected to, but was over-ruled by my father, who considered it a healthy ex- ercise. There my mother read aloud from Walter Scott's novels, and there I sat before the wood fire and amused myself by watch- ing the flames creep in and out among the logs. My father, who played both violin and flute, and was at heart a poet and artist, taught me to love all the sights and sounds of nature. With him I listened to the voice of the song bird ; with him I watched the changing glory of the setting sun ; with him I revelled in the grandeur and beauty of the wildest storms. My mother, as she sat at her sewing, would repeat old ballads for hours at a time to amuse her little ones ; CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 415 and it was thus, from earliest infancy, I was taught to rhyme." The nearest school, a mile and a half distant; was, what was then called a " district school" ; and her father shrank from the thought of sending his lit- tle girls there, so her sisters and herself were taught at home by her mother. She after- wards attended the district school for a year -and three quarters ; then, after studying for some time at home, went to a ladies' school in Toronto for one term. She disliked science, and wanted to study French Ger- man, Italian, music, and drawing; but these accomplishments were not for her. After leaving this school she resided for over two years at that quaint little dwelling, called •Colborne Lodge, then, as now. the resid- ence of John G. Howard, of High Park, where she occupied nearly all her time in reading aloud to Mr. Howard while he drew plans of buildings, etc. She then returned to her home, and for a short time ■all went smoothly with her. Her mother was a good amateur artist; her father had studied a little in boyhood, had travelled much, and seen much, and was an excellent judge of a picture. With their assistance Clara commenced her first studies in art, without much success, as she did not like her mother's old fashioned style : and was ui.accustomed to the English scenery por- trayed in her pictures. To a young English artist of the name of Chatterton she owed her first lesson in sketching from nature ; but at that time she was not sufficiently ad- vanced to profit much by it. After a time she writes : " I left the home of my child- hood, with all its wealth of flowers, and its wealth of love, to fight the battle of life sin- gle-handed. After a little I found myself in a ladies' school, in St. Catharines, as junior teacher of English, with a liberal sal- ary, and the use of the piano." Here she learned music. In June, 1868, she again visited Colborne Lodge, where she studied so diligently in art that when she exhibited at the Provincial exhibition, at Toronto, 1870, she carried off five prizes for paintings in water colours. In the year 1877 her father died, and her affectionate nature was over- whelmed by the blow. Here is the just and eloquent tribute that she pays to his mem- ory. " As husband, father, and friend, no truer man than Sidney Harman Mountcas- tle ever lived. He was the very soul of truth, purity, and honour." We have already mentioned Miss Mountcastle's suc- cess at the exhibition, and may now say with respect to the qualities of her art, that it reveals the seeing eye, and the true poetic interpretation. Delicacy of touch, and soft yet firm decision of outline, are evident in all her pictures, while her work is always true to the great model, Nature. Art, especially the work of such of our artists as have not the assistance of the titled patrons of academies in this country, has but a poor chance for its life, and under brighter and j uster stars we may be well assured that the work of Miss Mountcastle would not be ignored. But it is not alone in the paint- ing of pictures that this gifted lady calls for our admiration : it is as a poet that she must receive the greatest consideration. In this occupation of her heart of hearts she has been obliged to navigate her way through unknown seas ; being deprived of that light which comes from the experience of others. Therefore, if we find some dis- crepencies in her earlier work, we must lay the blame to her stars, not to her. But Miss Mountcastle is a genuine poet, for her song is true to nature and the human heart. The sorrows of others as well as the woes of her own ; a love for all nature, for the blade of grass in the meadow, the blossom on the bough, the joyous song bird, are in all her work, kindling it into a living flame. We take the following poem from a division of her late work, entitled " Leaves from a Life " : He came, he clasped my hand in his ; I looked upon his face once more ; While surged the life-tide to my heart, As beat the waves upon the shore. I looked into his eyes once more; Those eyes, so deeply, darkly blue ; My soul met his ; and, in that glance. Knew in a moment he was true. He spoke to me ; I heard him not; Or only as we hear in sleep. He held me spell-bound by his glance, So pure, so passionless, so deep. I know not how the moments passed ; So few ; so fleeting ; and so dear. I know not if I thought at all; I only knew that he was near. Methinks I felt a kindred thrill That moved his pulse ; I know but this : My soul was fettered by the spell That merged my being into his. We wandered while the silent eve Crept darkling o'er the western sky, I know not where my footsteps led ; I only knew that he was nigh. My lips framed words, I know not what; I seemed as speaking in a trance ; I had no will but his ; and I Obeyed his deep mesmeric glance. 416 A CYCLOPEDIA OF I heard my voice as though afar ; As though my soul, apart from me, Gave utterance to its hidden thought; Its hidden pulse of misery. He answered and I cannot tell Of what he spoke to me ; and yet, His lips breathed heated words of pain ; In tones I never can forget. So strong the bond of sympathy ; So thin the veil our souls divide ; Again I felt the unseen power That drew me closer to his side. That impulse knew no thought of ill; For pu er love was never given ; Pure as the heart can offer up In homage to a saint in heaven. But ah, the mute caress, that looked Prom eyes of blue ; had startled pride ; That raised the haughty head, As I the longing in my soul defied. Oh love, the boom my heart has craved Since childhood left me sad and lone, I stretch my arms to thee ; and yet I dare not win thee for mine own. ***** My spirits love, who speaks to me; And guides my steps through ways unseen; He only, and my God, could know How near the tempter might have been. The moments passed, and sank my soul In sadness, deep, and drear, and fell. Oh pain, thou hast no balm ; twas but A hand-clasp spoke our last farewell. It is not necessary to proceed to an anal- ysis of these exquisite verses, so true to the heart's feeling. We understand that this gifted authoress has done' much verse since the publication of " The Mission of Love," and such of it as we have seen displays a high degree of excellence, and proves that the author is now approaching the mastery of her art. We learn, too, that she is engaged on some prose work ; and have seen an ably- wrought novelette (which is not yet printed) from her hand, entitled, " The Mystery of Hallowe'en." We expect yet to see the work of this writer get that recognition which is so richly its due. Miss Mountcas- tle lives with her mother and two unmar- ried sisters. Brown, lion. George.-The late Hon. George Brown was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 29th of November, 1818. He was the eldest son of Peter Brown, by Miss Mackenzie, only daughter of George Mackenzie,of "The Cottage," Stornoway, in the Island of Lewes. Yeung George, who was an ambitious, energetic, and out-spoken lad, attended the High School of his native city ; but he was not satisfied with that institu- tion, and, at his own request, was placed in the Southern Academy of Edinburgh. After he had left this institution, he assisted his father in business, and showed much proficiency in his calling. Through the misconduct of an agent, however, Peter Brown became involved in difficulties, and after a futile attempt to extricate himself he emigrated, in 1838, to America, George accompanying him. In New York Mr. Brown, senior, became a contributor to The. Albion, and in 1842, having much literary equipment, and a strong in- clination for letters, he established The British Chronicle. Mr. Brown, senior, was, editor, and his son George was the publisher and general manager. In 184& George made a visit to Canada, with the view of extending the circulation of his father's paper. Reaching Upper Canada, he was not slow to grasp the situation of political affairs, and to see that there was a capital opening for brain, courage, and en- ergy. As a result of all these observations, and of inducements held out by Reformers,, the Globe was established as a weekly news- paper, and made its appearance on the 5th of March, 1844. The paper had two qualities which compelled attention and assured success from the beginning-force and earnestness. The blows were given with the force of sledge-hammers, and what the articles lacked in tact or finesse they supplied in truth and honest utterance, and in manly vigour. Of course the Tories were disgusted with Mr. Brown, and some Re- formers at the first gave him only a tardy support. The memory of another forcible, impulsive Scotchman, had not passed from their minds, and they thought they saw a second Mackenzie in George Brown ; but of different metal and abler calibre was this powerful young Scot, now managing the Globe. He first entered Parliament for the County of Haldimand, in 1852, de- feating William Lyon Mackenzie, who had returned from exile two years before. As soon as he took his place in the House he made his great force as a speaker at once felt; and thereafter, till the close of his able career, he did not cease to be formid- able. He favoured all the great reforms of the time ; the abolition of the Clergy Re- serves, State Churchism, and Seigniorial Tenure. He likewise advocated Representa- tion by Population with persistent energy, and was once called upon to form a govern- ment by Sir Edmund W. Head. He con- sented, and the Brown-Dorion administra- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 417 tion came into existence ; but it lasted only three days, when the Conservatives, with- out the trouble of an election, by the expe- dient known as the double-shuffle, resumed their offices. He entered the Coalition government, formed for the purpose of carrying confederation, but after a time re- signed. He was called to the Senate on the 16th of December, 1873. During his ab- sence in Edinburgh, in 1862, he married Annie, daughter of Thomas Nelson, the well known publisher. On the 25th of March, 1880, he was shot in the leg by a discharged employe, named Bennet. No one supposed at first that the wound was dangerous ; but, after a few days, alarming symptoms set in, and the career of this most brilliant and upright statesman was brought to a close on the 9th of May following, in the sixty- second year of his age. He left a wife and two daughters ; both of the latter, by their success in the higher institutions of learning giving proof that they inherit much of the talent of their illustrious father. During Mr. Brown's day he was the most active and powerful figure in our politics ; but his path of duty was too straight, and his principles were too just and too inflexible to allow him to achieve those "triumphs of power " which fall rather to the share of mere " politicians," and men of expediency. In every great reform movement in this country, since the days of Mackenzie till the confederation, he was the leading spirit. All the " privileges " which had been en- trenched in our new country, he fought with a relentless and able hand ; and he had the proud satisfaction of seeing each in their turn give way before his presistent opposition. For years he bore the banner of the party who demanded representation by population, but the interest of Sir John A. Macdonald lay in the French household, and this great principle was denied, till it became settled under the scheme of a general confederation of the provinces. Some hostile and poorly informed writers have declared that Mr. Brown's leading star was Ambition and not Duty ; but had this been so he never would have consented to the party modus vivendi through which con- federation was accomplished. He sunk every personal pretension and claim that this great end might be attained ; but once the wheels of the new order began to turn, he opened all his thunder upon men whom he believed to be corrupt and incapable. There is not a stain, of any sort, upon the political or the private name of the Honourable George Brown. It was fitting that the memory of a man so illustrious in his coun- try's history should not be lightly held by the people. Therefore a subscription was opened up by admirers of the deceased statesman, for the erection in some public place of a monument and statue to his mem- ory. The work was awarded to C. B. Burch, A.R. A., London, England, and on the 25th of November, 1884, the statue was unveiled in Queen's Park, Toronto, where it now stands. A large concourse of persons, of both political parties, was present at the un- veiling ceremony, and an address, reviewing the life work of the departed statesman, was delivered by the Hon. Oliver Mow'at. Flock, Christopher Wiiliam, St. Thomas, Ontario, licentiate of the Medical Board, Toronto, and M.D. of the University of Victoria College, M.C.P.S.O., was born in Toronto, then Little York, on the 12th March, 1831. His father, William Flock, was born in the City of Kingston, and removed to Toronto with its first settlers. At Toronto he conducted a general business (on Yonge street) for many years before and after the rebellion. His father was a German, but his mother was of Irish descent. The maiden name of our subject's mother was McAvitt, and she (Mary) Irish by birth, but of Scotch ancestors. Mr. Flock died at London in 1875, and Mrs. Flock died there in 1879. C. W. Flock was educated in Toronto, at .Tames Hodgson's Commercial and Classical academy, in the old market lane, now Colborne street, and received there a classical and mathematical education. In 1845 he began to study medi- cine in the Toronto School of Medicine, then called " Rolph's " school; the late Hon. Dr. Rolph and Joseph Workman, M.D., of Toronto, were associated together in this enterprise. He passed the Medical Board in 1850, and commenced practice, having been the greater part of two years a private pupil of Dr. J. Workman's, late superintendent of the Asylum. He was for many years coroner for the County of Halton, and made post mortem examinations on the bodies of the Donelly family, who were murdered in Biddulph township, a few years ago, and was Queen's witness (medical) in the two trials of the notorious Jim Carroll for murder, held at the assizes in London, Ontario. Dr. Flock has two brothers in London, and one sister : Mrs. Dr. Morden; J. H. Flock, barrister ; and J. R. Flock, M. D., coroner for London city. Our subject is a member of the Knights of Pythias, of the Ancient Order of Foresters, and of the Canadian Order of Foresters; and some years ago 418 A CYCLOPEDIA OF was an active member of the Loyal Orange order, of the Sons of Temperance, and of the Independent Order of Good Templars, holding some of the principal offices in these associations. At the present time he is physician and surgeon to all the friendly and benevolent societies in the city of St. Thomas. Dr. Flock engaged in politics during the first few years of his practice, but he became disgusted after a time, and abandoned them for ever. He always votes, belongs to no party, being perfectly inde- pendent. He sat for two years on the council board in the town of Oakville, and his career here was a zealous and useful one. He was brought up a Wesleyan Methodist, but many years ago joined the Episcopal church. He married on November 17th, 1852, Helen Eliza Nelles, grand-daughter of Colonel Robert Nelles, J.P., Grimsby, one of the oldest families in Canada. She is also a niece of Judge O'Reilly, Queen's counsel, and master in chancery, Hamilton, Ontario. Her family is of German and Irish birth, with Scotch ancestry (Campbell) on one side. The O'Reilly family is also one of the oldest in the country. The issue of the marriage is eleven children, of whom six survive-two sons and four daughters. Dr. Flock has never engaged in any pursuit or enterprise unconnected with his profession, but has led a truly professional and domestic life. He is not ambitious for political or other public dis- tinctions, and has therefore stood aloof from party turmoil, with the exception no- ticed in his career. He has lived in Canada during his life, and here are his interests and his affections. He at one time engaged in the drug business in connection with his profession, but in 1866 the demands of his practice upon his time were so great that he was obliged to surrender the work of dis- pensing. He is a gentleman of very agree- able and courteous manners ; he enjoys the repute of great professional skill, and his practice is a wide and profitable one. In social life he is a favourite, and his domestic life is an enviable one. Merner, Samuel, New Hamburg, Wa- terloo county, Ontario, was born on the 29th January, 1823, in Reichenbach canton, Berne, Switzerland. He is a son of Jacob Merner and Susan Schluchter. Samuel Merner received his education in Reichen- bach, and when in his fifteenth year emi- grated with his parents to Canada, taking up his abode in Preston, County of Water- loo. Here he was apprenticed to learn the blacksmith trade, and worked in various places afterwards as a journeyman black- smith. He commenced business for himself in New Hamburg, and here he has remained ever since, now being one of the most prom- inent and respected residents of that place. New Hamburg was then a solitude in the centre of the bush, and Mr. Merner was obliged to draw his iron and coal by team from Dundas upon a heavy road. He con- tinued in the blacksmith trade for twelve years, and then established a foundry, which he conducted till 1873 with marked suc- cess. He then handed the establishment over to his eldest son, Simpson, and this gentleman still carries on the business with a large and ever increasing measure of suc- cess. Mr. Merner likewise established a foundry in Waterloo, and this he presented to his second son, Absalom ; and this estab- lishment like the other brings in handsome profits. Mr. Merner is connected with both these firms, and is likewise associated with Simpson in the manufacture of furniture, at Berlin. The operations here are likewise successful, and the constituency very large. Mr. Merner was a captain of militia for many years, in the County of Waterloo. In 1862, he was appointed a justice of the peace ; and in 1866, he was elected council- lor. He was reeve from 1873 to 1878, when he resigned, and was elected warden of the County of Waterloo. For a number of years he was chairman of the school board at New Hamburg, and took a great interest in edu- cational progress. In 1878, he ran for the House of Commons, for the south riding of Waterloo, and was elected, beating his op- ponent, the Honourable James Young, of Galt, by a majority of forty-four votes. He was an independent, but favoured the policy of protection. Our subject has built the largest blocks in the village, and extended his operations through the country as well. In this respect, as well as by reason of his extensive business connections, he is the most prominent commercial man in his county. He became a Freemason on the 13th of August, 1864, and is in good stand- ing in the order. He has been an extensive traveller, and has visited his native country, and the principal places in France, Germany and England ; he also visited the World's Exposition, at Vienna, in 1873. Mr. Merner was brought up to the Presbyterian faith, but he believes there is less virtue in the name of the church to which a man belongs, than there is in how a man himself lives his life, and acts his part towards his fellow- man. He married, in 1845, Mary Ann Grasser, of the township of Wilmot, County CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 419 of Waterloo. Her parents came from Al- sace, then a province of France ; and she bore to him fourteen children, ten of whom are living. Mr. Merner, it can be said, without hesitation, is a credit to his race and to his country. Youmans, Mrs., or, to use her maiden name, Letitia Creighton, Picton, Ont., is the daughter of the late John Creighton, a well-known and intelligent farmer, who pursued his vocation for many years in the vicinity of Cobourg, where her birth took place in 1827. A son of the Emerald Isle, he possessed in a large degree the intellectual vigour, shrewdness, and wit of his native land. An insatiate love of reading caused him to furnish his home with books and periodicals of a character to impart know- ledge of the most important kind. Mr. Creighton's presents to his children were al- most invariably books ; and to this circum- stance his daughter attributes her thirst for knowledge. "At the age of sixteen," says Mrs. Youmans, "my heart was gladdened by the information that I was to enjoy the advantages of the Cobourg Ladies Academy, conducted by Rev. D. C. Vannorman, whose Canadian reputation as an educator has been enhanced by the success of the young ladies' institute under his control in New York." After a year's attendance at school, she removed with her preceptor to Hamilton, where he established the Burling- ton academy, of which she continued a student for three years, at which time she graduated, and remained for two years as first English teacher. While at the academy she was not more distinguished amongst her schoolmates for hard work and rapid progress than for zeal in enlarging the school library, in projecting and sustaining a literary periodical for the improvement of herself and fellow students, and in setting ■on foot and maintaining schemes of active benevolence. From Hamilton she passed to Picton, Prince Edward county, where she was for a short time preceptress of a ladies' academy. Here she was married in 1850 to Arthur Youmans, who died in 1882. There was an attempt to induce the town council to abolish shop license within its jurisdiction. A largely signed petition of ratepayers was presented by the ladies to the council. Quite unexpectedly the demand was made that someone should advocate the petition. " In this extremity," says Mrs. Youmans, "my eye met the imploring look of my sisters, and before realizing that I had risen from my seat, 1 was pouring out the fullness of a burdened heart to the men who had the power to protect our homes and save our loved ones. It was the pent-up agony of years gushing forth from a burdend heart. The destroyer had not entered my own home, but his work was all around me, and, had I held my peace at such a time, it seemed that th'e stones would have cried out against me ! " Those who listened to that appeal were prepared for the position she has since attained as a platform speaker. The only resort now was the Dunkin act, and Mrs. Youmans and her friends, instead of yielding to dis- couragement at their want of success, re- solved to carry the county. Petitions were circulated, meetings held, and addresses de- livered in every municipality, and a mon- ster petition was gotten up and presented to the county council in favour of temper- ance reform. Mrs. Youmans was re-elected as one of the delegates to represent Prince Edward county in the Montreal conference, and her remarks in that convention were listened to with deep interest. She was induced to address a mass meeting in the Victoria Skating Rink, where she met with a no less cordial and enthusiastic recep- tion. Shortly after she was invited to Co- bourg, her native town, to deliver an ad- dress. The occasion was the union of the British and British-American order of Tem- plars. Her reception in Cobourg was a warm one. At the next meeting of the Grand lodge of the order she was appointed super- intendent of the juvenile work of the asso- ciation ; she was also chosen a member of the editorial staff of the Temperance. Union, the organ of the association. At the request of the Toronto Reformation Society, she went to Toronto soon after the Montreal convention for the purpose of organizing a Women's Christian Temperance Union, and arousing public sentiment. She held a series of public meetings in different parts of the city, visited the prisons and hospitals, and set on foot the presentation of petitions to the Ontario Legislature for the curtailment of the liquor traffic. Since that time she has been employed in forming Women's unions in various parts of the province. Mrs. You- mans held for five years the position of president of the Ontario Provincial W.C. T.U. In October, 1883, she declined fur- ther nomination to that office, that others might share its responsibilities as well as honours. In November of the same year the Dominion union was formed, and she was appointed president. In January, 1885, the first regular meeting of this union was held at Ottawa ; the organization was com- 420 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF pleted, and she was unanimously elected president. At the World's Temperance Congress in Philadelphia during the cen- tennial year, Mrs. Youmans, in connection with Sir Leonard Tilley, Hon. G. W. Ross, G. M. Rose and others, represented Canada. Since then she has had many invitations to visit the neighbouring republic and assist in their temperance work. In response to their requests she has travelled from Maine to Kansas. In the latter state her services were solicited to assist in the passage of con- stitutional amendment and the election of Governor St. John, the prohibitory candi- date. She spent five weeks in Ohio visiting towns and cities, from Toledo to Cincinnati. In Pennsylvania, from Pittsburg to Phila- delphia,. New York has shared largely in her labours. The Women's Temperance unions of Vermont, New Hampshire and Massachusetts, solicited her help, and it was gladly given. Maryland sent the Mace- donian cry to our Canadian sister, and the doors of some of the most aristocratic churches of Baltimore and Washington cities were thrown open to her night after night. In February, 1880, Mrs. Youmans, accom- panied by a deputation of ladies, represent- ing the State union of Maryland, addressed the Senate and a select committee of the Legislature at Annapolis, the capital, asking for local option. The ladies were treated with the greatest respect. The Senate chamber was crowded to its utmost to hear a foreigner plead for protection for Ameri- can homes. When the Scott Act became the rallying cry in Canada, Mrs. Youmans took it up with earnestness and enthusiasm. Fredrickton, N.B. first took it up, and she pleaded there night after night. After visiting many places in that province, she went to Charlottetown, P.E.I. in the same interest. In nearly every county in Ontario that has voted on the Scott act, Mrs. You- mans has taken part in the campaign. In November, 1882, her husband was removed by death. This was to her a bereavement beyond the power of language to express. At first it seemed that her public work must cease when deprived of his counsel and com- panionship, for although Mr. Youmans was not a public speaker, he took the deepest interest in her work, and to him she attributes much of her success in the work. His kindly criticism and tender care lightened many a toilsome duty. In Janu- ary, 1883, the Quebec branch of the Do- minion Alliance invited Mrs. Youmans to that province to inaugurate the work of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Her work began in the City of Montreal, where a union was formed that has since done noble work. She went through the province, and was instrumental in forming eighteen unions, to which many more have since been added, and a provincial union formed. In May, 1882, Mrs. Youmans went as fraternal delegate, in company with Mrs. Faucet, to England, to visit the British Women's Temperance Association, of which Mrs. Lucas, sister of the Hon. John Bright, is president. They received a hearty welcome at Liverpool, and in Lon- don a reception was given in Exeter hall. No pains were spared to make this a most enjoyable affair. While in England, Mrs. Youmans had numerous requests to address audiences, but her time was limited. Liver- pool, London, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Blackpool shared her labours. Then on to bonnie Scotland to see the sights and talk a little to the people there. She addressed several meetings in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Ireland, the birthplace of her father, was to Mrs. Youmans of special interest. Bess- brooke, the little prohibitory town on the main line from Belfast to Dublin, could not be passed. John Grubb Richardson, pro- prietor of the manor, had invited her to his princely home and arranged a meeting in the evening. Bessbrook has allowed no liquor to be sold for thirty years, has 4,000 inhab- itants, no jail, no lockup, no constable, and only one policeman. Mrs. Youmans, in ad- dition to Temperance, devotes a good deal of her time to Sunday-school work. Wilkie, Rev. Daniel, LL.D.-The late Dr. Wilkie, of Quebec, was a gentleman who will be long remembered with gratitude by the citizens of the ancient capital as one of those who assisted in moulding the minds of many of the men who are now playing an important part in trade and commerce in Canada. He was born at Tollcross, Scot- land, in the year 1777. In early youth his prospects in life did not appear over bright, for he was the youngest of a family of twelve children, and was early left an orphan. His elder brothers, however, were faithful to him, and out of their scanty means helped to educate him. In 1787 he was sent to the parish school ; in 1794 he entered the Uni- versity, and in 1796 the Divinity Hall. He was an apt student, and in 1793 he gained the University medal for a theological es- say, and shortly after this he sailed for Canada. In 1804 he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Montreal, but Dr. Wilkie was destined to make his mark as a teacher rather than as a preacher ; and for CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 421 nearly fifty years afterwards he taught school in the City of Quebec. His pupils are to be found in every walk of life, and the best evidence of Dr. Wilkie's skill and energy are to be found in the men he sent out equipped for their work in the world. The Rev. Dr. Cook, who delivered a fine funeral oration on the occasion of his friend's death, says, his zeal in the work of teaching, and of the pious and devotional temper of his life,there could be no doubt; although some- times he was prone to indulge in specula- tions, and, perhaps, reached conclusions in which some might be little inclined to agree. Yet, Dr. Cook remarked, he could express no higher wish for himself and his auditors than that they might have as profound a love and reverence for their Lord as Dr. Wilkie had. After being about twenty-five years in Quebec, Dr. Wilkie engaged for some time in editorial work, and in the month of December, 1827, the Star appeared, and was conducted, so far as the leading articles were concerned, by him during the three years of its existence. This journal, it may be said, was started by Andrew Stewart, in order to mediate between the party which heaped indiscriminate abuse upon Lord Dalhousie's administration, and the other who lavished unmeasured eulogy upon it. In 1843, when the Quebec High school was founded, Dr. Wilkie was appointed its head-master, but before the end of the first years of its existence, he was compelled, through failing health, to retire from active service ; and he spent the remaining years of his life in retirement. He died in May, 1851, at the age of seventy-four, greatly re- gretted ; and any one visiting Mount Her- mon cemetery, Quebec, can see a handsome monument over his grave, erected by his old pupils, recording his ability as an in- structor of youth, his genuine uprightness, his guileless simplicity, and a devout, bene- volent and public-spirited man. Anderson, William, J.P., Commis- sioner in the Queen's Bench and High Court of Justice, Mountainview, Amelias- burg, Prince Edward, Ontario, was born at the township of Ameliasburg, Prince Edward county, on the 7th April, 1822. He was the second son of William Anderson, who came to Canada from the County of Mona- ghan, Ireland, in 1796, and settled in Prince Edward. county. His mother was Mary Way, and the couple were married in July, 1809. She had come with her parents from Duchess county, State of New York, in the year 1800. William Anderson was educated partly by private tution, but he also attended the public schools. He married on the 7th December, 1847, Eliza- beth, daughter of William T. Giles, a pro- minent agriculturist of the County of Prince Edward, who died in 1859. Mr. Anderson married again in 1861, Mary Ann, daughter' of Alexander Potts, of the County of Cavan, Ireland. Mr. An- derson is a prominent agriculturist and land-holder in the township of Amelias- burg and elsewhere. He is a conveyancer, likewise, a calling which he has pursued for thirty-five years. He is a justice of the peace, and a commissioner in the Queen's Bench and High Court of Justice. With respect to Mr. Anderson's militia service, it may be said that he received his commis- sion as captain in 1855. He was also cap- tain in the volunteer force, and commanded a company of volunteers at Kingston in 1866, during the Fenian troubles. He was for seven years reeve of the township of Ameliasburg, and the last year (1884) of his service was unanimously elected warden of the County of Prince Edward. He joined the Orange association in 1840, served as master of his lodge for several years, and in 1850 he was elected county master of the County lodge of Prince Edward, which office he continued to hold for ten years consecu- tively. In 1860, at the Grand lodge meet- ing at the City of Ottawa, he was elected grand treasurer of the Supreme Grand lodge of British America ; and to this office he has been unanimously re elected each suc- ceeding year to the present time (1885). Our subject was elected in the County of Prince Edward to a seat in the old parlia- ment of Canada in June, 1861, and occu- pied his seat in the house in the City of Quebec, as a supporter of the Macdonald- Cartier government, until its resignation, in 1863, upon the defeat of the militia bill. After this time he followed the fortunes of Sir John A. Macdonald in opposition to the J. Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte government, up to the close of that parliament. After confederation Mr. Anderson was elected to a seat in the Ontario Assembly, and sup- ported the government of J. Sand field Mac- donald in that house. He always gave his support to wise measures intended for the promotion of the public welfare ; and in no case was he known to offer factious opposition to proposed good legislation. It can truly be said that he did his duty honourably and well in the public sphere, and that is a great compliment to be able to pay a politician as affairs now go between our striving parties. Mr. Anderson is a Methodist, and has been 422 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF a member of that church for over forty-four years. For twenty-two years he was a lay preacher, and this office, now at the age of sixty-three, he still continues to fill. Dur- ing his connection with religious work he has been the witness of the unfolding and the growth of charitable views in the doc- trines of religion, inside and outside of Methodism. He also remembers vividly the early history of our public schools taught in miserable log-houses by men, very many of whom, were possessed of merely the rudiments of an education, and some of whom had objectionable habits, and morals the reverse of good. This was he case up to the time when the Rev. Dr. E. Ryerson became chief superintendent of Education, but after this period the teachers were of a better class, and the schools grew in superiority, till they became a credit to the neighbourhoods and ornaments to the country. The teachers likewise took high rank among our professional men. Carmichael, William Robert, Belle- ville, Ontario, was born at Toronto, on the 24th January, 1852. His father, Robert Carmichael, born in the County of Ferma- nagh, Ireland, in 1805, emigrated to Canada in 1840, settling in Toronto, where he still resides, having by industry and ability acquired a handsome competency for his re- tirement. The mother of Mr. Carmichael was Abigail Mather, of the County Down, Ireland ; and she came to Canada in 1837, where she is still living. This worthy couple were married in 1848 ; and the fruit of the union was three children, two sons and a daughter, the subject of this sketch being the youngest of the family. William Robert received his education in the Model school of Upper Canada up to the age of fourteen years, after which he spent three years at Upper Canada College. Choosing the drug business as more congenial than a profession, he became apprenticed to the same in 1870, obtaining his diploma and second prize at the Ontario College of Pharmacy in August, 1873. In 1874 he proceeded to Belleville as an assistant, returned a year after to his former employer in Toronto, and in 1876 went, by urgent solicitation to Belleville, and settled there, opening up a business in 1880. He is now the proprietor of a prosperous and most promising trade. He was elected by acclamation in 1882, to re- present Murney ward on the Board of Edu- cation, and this position he still retains to the marked satisfaction of all concerned. Between the ages of fourteen and twenty- four he was a member of the British Order of Good Templars, and looks back on the many evenings spent in Jesse Ketchum lodge as the most enjoyable of his life ; and the friendship there formed can never be effaced from his memory. He is a member of Belleville lodge, No. 123, G.R.C., being initiated in 1881, and likewise in 1883, a member of Mizpah lodge, I.O.O.F. On October 6th, 1878, he married Etta Ange- lina Row (born 1858), youngest daughter of John and Angelina Row, of the township of Sidney, County of Hastings. The family is extensively related, being descendants of the veteran U.E. loyalist, Captain Meyers. By this union are three children, two sons and a daughter. From early years Mr. Carmichael indulged himself for pastime in the study of the poets ; and on the platform he is always in demand to add to the evening's entertainment by his recitati >ns. When, in 1881, the Belleville Amateur His- toric Association produced the tragedy of Othello, he was chosen for the role of the Moor, and Mrs. Carmichael that of Desde- mona. The event met with such success that they regard it as a compliment so dis- tinctive as not soon to be forgotten. Mr. Carmichael is a man of pleasing presence, of attractive manners, and scholarly attain- ments. He has histrionic talent in a marked degree, and is the author of verse, some of which might reflect no discredit upon a con- spicuous pen. His religious views are those of the English Evangelical Church ; and he has been for a long period an earnest church worker, and an advocate of temperance. He may, without exaggeration, be classed as a representative of the best type of our young Canadians. Smith, Creorge ML, Aylmer, Ontario, was born in the town of Doncaster, Eng- land, on the 22nd of March, 1810. He is a son of John Smith, who was employed on the police force in England, and Martha, whose maiden name was Mowbray. Mrs. Smith died when George was yet a child, and his father emigrated in 1849, settling at Lynn, Massachusetts. After his arrival he engag- ed himself as a carpenter and builder. In 1861 he joined the Northern army, remaining in active service in the commissariat depart- ment and in the sharpshooters till the close of the war. Some of the stories, which he still relates, recounting exploits and escapes, were most thrilling to listen to. When the war was over he removed to Providence, Rhode Island, where he remained until 1880, in which year he removed to Canada. He is still living and though in his 70th year, presents the mens sano in corpora sano. He CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 423 had a family of three children, and the sub- ject of this sketch was the oldest. George had the privilege of having a good educa- tion, concluding his studies at Cambridge, Massachusetts. At the age of sixteen he left school and began to learn the trade of carpenter and builder, in the town of Fox- boro', Massachusetts, in the employ of Charles Leonard. After he was master of his trade he removed to the City of St. Paul, Minnesota, where he remained, engaged at his trade, till 1860. In 1861 he resolved to try his luck in Canada, and crossing the line proceeded to Aylmer, in the Province of Ontario, and settled there. Here he at once engaged in the occupation of contrac- tor and builder, entering into co-partnership with his uncle, Samuel Smith. This part- nership continued until 1870, when the sub- ject of this sketch retired, and entered on the employ of his uncle as foreman. In 1882, however, he bought his uncle's inter- est in the business, and since that time has laboured at the head of the establishment. The operations of this firm are now very large, and are stated to be continually grow- ing. In connection with the establishment, there is an extensive sash and door factory. Mr. Smith was at one time a lieutenant in the Canadian militia, but retired. In 1879 he was elected to the town council, and re- elected for 1880 and 1881. In the last- named year he retired from municipal poli- tics. Mr. Smith is chief of the fire depart- ment, is a shareholder in the Aylmer Can- ning Factory, and also in the Traders Bank of Canada. He is a member of Lodge No. 6 A. O. U. W. ; of the Independent Order of Foresters, Court No. 29, being a Past Chief Banger. In politics, he gives his allegiance to Mr. Blake's party ; and his religion is that held by the Baptist denomination. He married on May 24th, 1865, Charlotte Louise, daughter of the late Hiram Powers, of the township of Malahide, Elgin county, and by that lady has a family of three chil- dren. Mr. Smith is a man of the highest probity of character, is attentive to his busi- ness, and obliging and courteous in his com- mercial, as well as in his social relations. Powell, Colonel Walker, Adju- tant-General of Militia at headquarters, for the Dominion of Canada, was born in the County of Norfolk, Canada, on the 20th May, 1828. He is of Welsh descent on his father's side, and English on his mother's. His paternal grandfather was a United Em- pire loyalist, and was born in the then pro- vince of New York, in 1763. During the revolution he adhered to the cause of Great Britain, and in 1783 was landed in New Brunswick, where he married Ruth Wood, on Long Island, River St. John. After a residence of thirteen years in New Bruns- wick, he took up his permanent residence in the County of Norfolk, Upper Canada, where he died in 1849. The subject of this sketch is the eldest son of Israel Wood and Melinda (Boss) Powell. His father was the seventh son of Abraham Powell, born in the same county in 1801. This gentleman has been described as a representative public man ; liberal in sentiment, energetic in action, loyal to the empire, and devoted to Canada. In his day he served as justice of the peace, member of council, warden, and as lieutenant-colonel of militia. From 1840 to 1847 he represented his county in the Legislative Assembly of Canada; and he died in Port Dover in 1852. Walker Powell was educated at Victoria College, Cobourg, and when his studies were completed he engaged himself fora period in commercial pursuits. When a very young man he gave evidence of the same activity, enterprise and large public spirit which had characterized his father. He procured the construction of vessels which he employed upon the lakes, and took a stirring and leading part in the development of numerous industrial pro- jects. He was likewise the friend of edu- cation ; was a trustee of the County Gram- mar school, member and chairman of the Board of United Grammar and Public schools, a justice of the peace, and for seven years a member of the county council of Norfolk. In 1856 he was warden of that county, and its representative in the Legis- lative Assembly from the year 1857 to 1861. In 1847 began his connection with the Can- adian militia ; and it was in that year he re- ceived a commission in the First Norfolk Militia. Until the 19th of August, 1862, he continued in this corps as company officer and adjutant; but at that period, in consequence of the civil war in the United States, and the decision to increase the active force in Canada, he was solicited to become deputy- adjutant-general for Upper Canada. This was a trying and important period, and the responsibilities devolving upon the militia officer were of the gravest kind. But he was equal to the occasion, and his genius for organization soon manifested itself to the satisfaction of the public and the gov- ernment. On October 1st, 1868, he was promoted deputy-adjutant-general of the Dominion ; in 1873 acting adjutant-general; and on April 21, 1875, adjutant-general, which appointment he now holds. Through- 424 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF out his long connection with our militia, Colonel Powell's zeal and enthusiasm in endeavouring to promote the efficiency of the force have been unremitting. He advocat- ed energetically and aided in securing the establishment of the Royal Military College at Kingston, by means of which young Can- adians can secure a complete military edu- cation ; also the formation of schools of military instruction for the different arms of the service at which officers, non commis- sioned officers and men of the active militia may, by attending short courses, obtain a practical knowledge of their duties and be- come the instructors of others when they return to their corps. These institutions have assisted materially in developing a military organization suited to the circum- stances of the population. As we have late- ly had an opportunity of seeing, our militia force has some raison d'etre. Among a good many Canadians there had not been suffi- cient consciousness of the seriousness of the aim of the militia force ; and we have called attention to these facts that we may point to the reverse attitude by Colonel Powell. He has been heart and soul in his work, and has ever sought to instil into his brother officers and into subordinates as well, the same spirit that animates him- self. His pen has not been idle either, and his many clearly written brochures on the subject of militia, have brought strong expressions of commendation. Colonel Powell married in 1853, Catherine Emma, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Cul- ver. She died in 1855, leaving one child, Linnie Emma, now the wife of McLeod Stewart, barrister, of Ottawa. He married again in 1857, Mary Ursule, daughter of Adam Bowlby, Esquire, of Norfolk. She is the mother of five children, four of whom survive, namely, Charles Berkely, born 1858 ; Fred. Hamilton, born 1862 ; Edith Elizabeth, born 1867 ; and Laura Christina, born 1869. Phillips, Rev. Alfred Moore, B.D., Methodist Pastor at Galt, Ontario, was born in the township of Hillier, County of Prince Edward, near the village of Welling- ton, on January 24, 1846. When Alfred Moore was only three years old, the family moved into the township of Murray, near Stockdale, in the County of Northumber- land. His father was John Smith Phillips, who upon his mother's side was descended from a U. E. loyalist family named Smith, which at the time of the revolution came from Dutchess county, New York, where they left large estates. They were among the pioneers of Prince Ed vard county, set- tling in the wilderness near Picton. The father of the Smiths was one of the survey- ing party that opened up the road from Kingston to Toronto. Upon his father's side, John S. Phillips was of English descent. His father having served under Wellington in Spain, was sent with his reg- iment to Canada during the war of 1812-15, but the regiment being disbanded at the close of the war, he remained in the country, settling in Prince Edward county. Alfred Moore's mother came with her family from Norfolk, England; her father, Samuel Bacon, settling in North Hastings, where he died, one of the wealthiest farmers in the district. Up to sixteen years of age, Mr. Phillips was educated in the public (county) school, section No. 22, Murray, which not only was the first school in the county, but for many years equalled the grammar schools of the day. When a little over sixteen, he began teaching school in the third concession of the township of Murray, near Wooler. He remained there for two and a half years ; then in the ninth concession for one year, in the fourth con- cession for one year, and at Smithfield, near Brighton, for three years. He was converted in connection with a revival meeting in the Wesleyan Methodist church, Trenton, Rev. Amos E. Russ, pastor, dur- ing the winter of 1866, mainly through the instrumentality of Father Brundage, with whom he was boarding. He immediately connected himself with, the church at his family home, joining the class with his father and mother. Soon after conversion, he began to feel that he was called to preach the gospel. He was made an ex- porter upon the Brighton circuit by the Rev. A. A. Smith, in 1868. He held his first service in the Victoria chapel on that cir- cuit. As a means of evading the Christian ministry and compromising duty with God, he gave up school-teaching December, 1869, and accepted an offer to work in the interests of temperance, under the agency of the British Templars. In this work he spent six unhappy months, feeling all the time that he was fleeing from God and duty. At a prayer-meeting on the London North circuit, conducted by Rev. Wm. J. Hewitt, he decided to enter the ministry if the way opened, and after spending a sleepless night in an hotel at Hespeler, resolved to leave the lecture field, and go home to prepare for the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodists by going to college. There being a scarcity of young men for the conference then in CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 425 session in Toronto, 1870, he was per- suaded to go at once into the work, and placed himself in the hands of the chair- man of the Sarnia district, Rev. George Goodson, who called him to labour on the Mooretown circuit, under the superintend- ence of Rev. George Clark. In August, 1870, he preached his first sermon in the little church at Sombra village. The follow- ing year he was on the Sarnia circuit, under the superintendence of Rev. J. W. McCal- lum, having been received on trial by the conference at Belleville, 1871. He next went to Oil Springs, as minister in charge, then followed five years at Victoria Col- lege, Cobourg, from 1873 to 1878. He was received into full connection with the Lon- don conference, at Brantford, in 1875, and ordained at St. Thomas in 1878. His first circuit after graduation and ordination was Chatham, where he remained three years. In 1881 he was stationed at St. Thomas, remaining there three years, and in 1884 went to Galt, where he ministers with great success and satisfaction. While teaching, Rev. Mr. Phillips pursued English and mathematical studies, and then went to Victoria College, Cobourg, where he took the complete theological course, and gradu- ated in divinity in 1878. While at college he greatly assisted in instituting the Jack- son society in 1874, for students for the min- istry ; and the Theological Union, in 1877, of which he has been secretary-treasurer since its organization. Rev. Mr. Phillips has taken an active part in temperance work, and championed the cause of temperance against such liquor advocates as E. King Dodds, Ira C. Lee, Judge Armour and others, to the advantage of prohibition. He also, when about eighteen years of age, became an enthusiastic Orangemen. He held office in all the grades of lodges from the primary up to the most worshipful grand, having attended sessions of all these bodies. He was also connected with the Royal Black Knights of Ireland, but be- coming convinced that the order was a mere political machine, conducted in the interest of the Tory party, he withdrew, believing that the institution in no way advanced the interests of Protestantism or British loyalty, to promote which he had joined its ranks. In February, 1864, he was instrumental in organizing a division of the Sons of Temperance at Wooler, which he joined ; but afterwards succeeded in turning the division over to the British order of Good Templars, mainly because the latter was a Canadian and not an American institution. He was initiated into the British Templars by Nassau C. Gowan, July 8th, 1864 ; was a delegate to the Supreme lodge of the or- der in Montreal, January, 1865, and at the emergency meeting of the Grand lodge of Ontario, at Toronto, in May, 1865 ; and has attended every session of these bodies, with a single exception in each, ever since. In 1868, Mr. Phillips was elected Grand Wor- thy Chief Templar for Ontario, and in 1873 grand worthy secretary, holding the latter office five years. In 1872 he was elected, at Montreal, most worthy chief templar of the whole order, and during his official year was instrumental in introducing the order into Australia. In 1874, at Fredericton, N.B., he was elected most worthy secretary, holding the office for four years. He worked zealously for the promotion of union among the temperance orders, and succeeded in drawing together the British and British American Templars in Canada, the United Templars of Britain, and the Australian Templars, into one society, known as the " United Temperance Association," the Ca- nadian National lodge of which was formed in London, Ont., August 2, 1876. In 1882, he opened up negotiations with the Supreme Council of the Royal Templars of Temper- ance, for an amalgamation of the Canadian branch of the U. T. A. with the latter order, which was finally consummated on February 12th, 1884. Mr. Phillips was present at the formation of the Grand Council of R.T. of T. for Ontario, as delegate from St. Thomas council, No. 35, and was made the first past grand councillor, on April 26th, 1882. At the first annual session of the Grand Coun- cil, February, 1883, he was elected repre- sentative to the Supreme Council at Buffalo, N.Y., of which body he was elected chaplain. He was among the first advocates of inde- pendent jurisdiction for the Royal Templars of Canada, and principally conducted the ne- gotiations that led to the self-government of the order in Canada, with a separate benefi- ciary fund. At the formation of the Domi- nion Council at Hamilton, February 14th, 1884, he was elected past dominion council- lor, and a member of the board of directors, and still holds these positions. He is likewise a member of the Grand and Supreme coun- cils. As a private member, Mr. Phillips has been connected with the Independent Order of Good Templars, Templars of Hon- our and Temperance, Council of Friends, Independent Order of Oddfellows, and the Order of United Friends of Temperance. His religious views from youth have been Methodist, with no leaning to Calvinism, 426 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF believing not only in the possible salvation of all men from eternal punishment, but from sin in this life, and restoration to the image and likeness of God. Rev. Mr. Phil- lips, while in St. Thomas, accepted a chal- lenge from Charles Watts, the secularist, to a two-nights' debate on Secularism vs. Christianity, in which the secularist, by pop- ular verdict, was worsted. He married, on June 21st, 1882, Margaret Jane, daughter of William Coyne, of St. Thomas. She died in Galt on the 2nd of December, 1884, leav- ing one child, Alfred Coyne, aged one and a half years. Evans, George M., M.A., Toronto, was born at Three Rivers, Quebec, on the 1st February, 1828. His parents were the Rev. Francis Evans and Maria Sophia Lewis, daughter of the late Rev. T. F. Lewis, vicar of Curry-Mallet, Somersetshire, England. This couple were married in France, but shortly after they were wed, they set sail for Canada, arriving in Quebec, where Mr. Evans received ordination from the Right Rev. Bishop Stewart, of Quebec. In 1828 the Rev. Mr. Evans went to the Talbot district (now Norfolk county) of Upper Canada, as incumbent of St. John's church, Woodhouse. When rectories were provided for, he became rector of Wood- house ; and continued such till his death, which occurred in 1858. He was a worthy man, and a zealous priest, and died beloved by every member of his flock. We may say t at the Rev. Mr. Evans was the se- cond son of Francis Evans, of Robinstown, County of Westmeath, Ireland. He left a family of six sons and six daughters, the subject of our sketch being the eldest. Mr. Evans' mother died in 1881. His father died while on a visit at the residence of his bro- ther, in Ireland, Nicholas Evans, of Lough- park, Castle Pollard, Westmeath. George M. Evans received a very thorough educa- tion. At first he attended Upper Canada College, subsequently finishing his edu- cation and taking degrees at King's College, and Toronto University. He graduated B.A., in 1850. His degree obtained, he left Canada and visited England, Ireland and France. In 1852 he returned to Canada, and was appointed head master of the Grammar school at Simcoe, County of Nor- folk, Ontario. This position he held till 1857. In this year he received the appoint- ment of third classical master for Upper Canada College. In 1860 the mastership was abolished, and Mr. Evans decided to study law, articling himself to the Hon. Adam Crooks, Q.C. In this office he com- pleted his studies, and in 1864 he was called to the bar for Upper Canada. From that time he has practised his profession in the City of Toronto, and has established for himself a solid repute in the profession. In 1872 he was elected to the Public School Board for St. Patrick's ward, Toronto. In 1879 he was elected aiderman for the same ward ; and was re-elected for the years 1880, 1881,1882, and 1883. In the last-named year he retired, though we may say against the wishes of the electors of his ward. While in the council he accepted for a period the chairmanship of the water works com- mittee. Mr. Evans is a member of the Collegiate Institute Board, and he is one of the vice-presidents of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society, in which latter body he has been an officer since its institution. He is a member of the Church of England, and has taken a leading part in church work. He is church warden at St. Philip's, To- ronto, superintendent of the Sunday-school, and one of the lay delegates to the Diocesan synod. He has travelled much, as we have already seen. He has visited the United States and Europe several times. He is most courteous and kindly in his man- ners. Smith, Larratt William, D.C.L., of Summerhill, Yonge street, Toronto, Bar- rister-at-law of Osgoode Hall, was born at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, Eng- land, on the 29th November, 1820. He is the eldest son of Larratt Smith, who origin- ally entered the Royal artillery, but subse- quently left it for the Field Train department, in which he received his first commission in 1805, and during the late war with the United States, was in charge of the entire de- partment in Canada, as chief commissary and paymaster to the Royal artillery, having been stationed at Quebec. In 1816 he returned to England fro n Canada, and shortly afterward was placed upon half-pay. In 1819 he was married at Bordeaux, France, and in 1833 re- turned with his family of four children to Upper Canada, where he settled in Oro, in the County of Simcoe. He afterwards removed to Richmond Hill, and in 1834 fin- ally left for England, where he died at his residence, Cumberland Place, Southampton, on the 30th January, 1860. When Larratt William Smith arrived in Toronto in 1833 he entered Upper Canada College, and here remained for a period of five years. He won the prize poem for 1837, the subject for that year very appropriately being-" The ac- cession of Queen Victoria." In Michael- mas term, 1838, he entered the Law Society CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 427 as a student of the senior class, and was ar- ticled for five years to the late Chief Justice Draper. In Michaelmas term, 1843, he was admitted an attorney ; and in the following term was called to the bar. In 1843, at the opening of King's College, he matriculated in arts, and, passing on to law, took his degrees of B.C.L. and D.C.L., the latter in 1852. Shortly after being called to the bar he purchased a junior partnership in the legal firm of Smith, Crooks & Smith, of Toronto. Since that period he has practised his profession in partnership at different times with the Honourable Chief Justice Wilson, James H. Morris, Q.C., and Samuel George Wood, LL.B. At the present time he is senior partner in the firm of Smith, Smith & Rae. Dr. Smith has not allowed the practice of his profession to absorb the whole of his attention, but in several important enter- prises of a public as well as a private na- ture, has taken a prominent part. He has, says an authority lying at our hand-and we are able to vouch for the statement- acquired an enviable reputation as a good financier, an able manager, an excellent office lawyer, and a shrewd, straight- forward business man; and his various positions in the management of different financial institutions indicate that these qualities are appreciated. He has been clerk of the Court of Appeals for Upper Canada ; pro-vice and, subsequently, vice- chancellor of the University of Toronto ; has been president of the Building & Loan Association since its incorporation in 1870 ; is vice-president of the Toronto Consumers' Gas Company ; was vice-president of the Canada Bolt Company ; a director of the Bank of Upper Canada ; and a director of the Canada LandedCredit Company; is a director of the London & Canadian Loan & Agency Company ; of the Hand-in-Hand ; and of the Anchor Marine Insurance Company ; was a director of the Merchants Building So- ciety ; of the Grand Trunk Telegraph Com- pany ; of the Ontario Peat Company ; has been a local director of the Life Association of Scotland ; is a life senator of the Univer- sity of Toronto ; a bencher of the Upper Can- ada Law Society ; is president of the Lake Superior Silver Mining & Land Company ; vice-president of the Sovereign Fire Insur- ance Company ; director of the Glasgow & London Fire Insurance Company ; director of the North American Life Insurance Com- pany ; and has been solicitor of the Bank of British North America since 1845. Mr. Smith served as lieutenant during the rebellion of 1837, and afterwards became senior major of the 6th battalion of Toronto Sedentary militia, having passed through the Military School at Toronto, 1864. He was chairman, in 1876, of the Royal commission to investi- gate certain charges in connection with the Northern Railway ; is a Senator of Toronto' University, and also a life member of many permanent institutions in Toronto. Mr, Smith is a Reformer, but has never cared for political life. He is a member of the Church of England, and a churchwarden of Christ Church, Yonge street. He married, in December, 1845, Eliza Caroline, daughter of Staff-Surgeon Thom, of Perth, and half- sister of the late Mrs. Chief Justice Spragge, She died in 1851, leaving two children, the eldest of whom died from the effects of ex- posure during the Fenian raid of 1866, the youngest having pre-deceased him whilst attending the Barrie Grammar school. Mr. Smith married a second time in 1858, Mary Elizabeth, eldest daughter of James Fred- erick Smith, for many years a prominent merchant of Toronto. By this union there have been eleven children, ten of whom are now living. Tliorburn, Jolin, M. A., LL.D., Ottawa, was born at Quothquan, a village near Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 10th October, 1830. His father was John Thorburn, a man in many ways remarkable, whose salient points of character have been admirably touched off by one who knew him well (see " Songs and Ballads of the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire," by A. Nimmo.) His mother's name was Mary Wilson. He was the second youngest of a family consisting of six sons and two daughters. He first attended school at Quothquan, but sub- sequently, when preparing for a college, he spent some years at the parish school of West Liberton, then under the charge of Wm. Black, who had acquired a deservedly high reputation as a successful teacher, many of his pupils having distinguished themselves at one or other of the Scottish universities. He matriculated at Edin- burgh university, and afterwards took a full course in arts. During the first years of his college life, he devoted considerable atten- tion to classics, and was awarded one of the highest prizes for proficiency in his work. On leaving college, he taught school for a short time in his native village. In 1853 he was appointed first assistant in Musselburgh Grammar school, where he remained for up- wards of two years. In 1855 he received the appointment of classical master in the Western Institution, Edinburgh, but the fol- 428 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF lowing year his health gave way, and he was laid aside from duty by illness. Acting on the advice of his medical adviser, in 1856, he set sail for Canada, intending to spend a few months there recuperating, and then to return to Scotland again and resume his work. After a short experience of Canadian life he gave up the idea of returning to the old land, deciding to make this country his future home. After spending about eigh- teen months in Montreal, in 1858, he was induced, through Principal Dawson of Mc- Gill university, to take charge of a school at Yarmouth, N.S. He removed, in 1860, to St. Francis college, Richmond, Quebec, of which institution he was appointed prin- cipal and professor of classics. In the sum- mer of 1862, he went to Ottawa, having been appointed head master of the Grammar school (now the Collegiate Institute), and for nearly twenty years he held that position with marked ability and success. Many of his pupils are now occupying important po- sitions in every walk of life. Two of them carried off the Gilchrist scholarship, open to the whole Dominion, during two years in succession, and a considerable number of them are filling professors' chairs in several of the leading Canadian universities. At Christmas, 1881, finding the pressure of work was beginning to tell seriously upon his health, he withdrew from the Collegiate Institute. On this occasion, a public testi- monial was presented to him, accompanied by an address, of which the following is an extract :-" During your unusually long tenure of the office of head master, great changes have necessarily taken place in the educational system of Ontario, and, in the inception and execution of these beneficial changes, you have played a very important part. At the conclusion of your labours within these walls, it must give you great satisfaction to remember, as it gives us un- alloyed pleasure to declare, that the school, whether known as the Grammar school, or as the Collegiate Institute, has constantly maintained its position in the very van among the best schools of the province." When the royal military college at Kingston was organized, Dr. Thorburn was asked, on behalf of the militia department, to draft a scheme for the entrance examinations to that institution, and this was adopted by the government, and has, with but slight modifications, been used ever since. When the Headquarters Board of Examiners was appointed, he was made its chairman, a position which he still holds. On retiring from the Collegiate Institute, he shortly afterwards received the appointment of librarian to the Geological and Natural His- tory survey of Canada, and, in the same year, the government recognizing his valu- able public services as a practical education- ist, appointed him a member of the board of civil service examiners. During his resi- dence in Ottawa, he has always taken a warm and active interest in the social, bene- volent and literary movements of the day, and among other positions which he has occupied may be mentioned the presidency of the St. Andrew's society, and of the Ot- tawa literary and scientific society. This last he held from 1873 to 1877. In 1860 he received from McGill university the degree of M.A., and from Queen's university, Kingston, that of LL.D., in 1880. In 1859 he was married to Maria J. I., youngest daughter of the late Dr. Henry Greggs Farish, of Yarmouth, N.S. Dixon, Rev. Alexander, Archdeacon of Guelph, and .Rector, was born at Long- ford, Ireland. When a very young lad he came with his father, the late Alexan- der Dixon, and family from Dublin to To- ronto, then Little York. At that time the passing of the Emancipation Act for Ireland caused much despondency among Protestants, leading to a large emigration of that class to Canada and the States, and among the number was the family in question. On their way out to Quebec their ship was wrecked in the St. Law- rence, but the passengers were rescued by a French schooner. In coming to America it was Mr. Dixon's intention to take up a tract of land close to Kenyon College, in Ohio. He found, however, that he had been deceived in the inducements held out to him, and on the representations of the Hon. J. H. Dunn, then receiver-general, he determined to establish himself in Toronto. He soon, by his enterprise, made his mark in the young city. Samuel Thompson, who knew him intimately, thus speaks of him in his " Reminiscences of a Canadian Pioneer" :-" Though living a busy life, he had laid in a solid foundation of standard literature, and even of theological lore, which qualified him to take a high position in intellectual society. He also possessed great readiness of speech, a genial coun- tenance and manner, and a fund of drollery and wit which made him a special favourite in the city council, as well as at public din- ners and on festive occasions. In the city council no man was more useful in all good works, and none exercised greater influence over its deliberations. Few men did more CANADIAN BIO GRAPHY. 429 for the beautifying of the city in its street architecture. . . . Trinity Church east was also built through his exertions, sec- onded by Mr. Enoch Turner and Mr. Wil- liam Gooderham. He was also an active member of the building committee of St. James' Cathedral, which church he repre- sented as a delegate at the first synod." As in Dublin, where, with the father of the late Hon. Harcourt Bull, he was an active agent in organizing loyal associations, called " Brunswick lodges," so through his life in Canada he was an enthusiastic conservative. His rare and extensive lib- rary is now in possession of the archdeacon. The family came originally from Douglas, in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in the reign of James I., when he established the Ulster plantations, and they received a grant of land in the County Tyrone. In 1688 the head of the family raised a troop of cavalry to aid King William, and lost an arm at the Boyne. For his services he received a captain's commission, signed by the king at a place called Duleek. During the rebel- lion of 1798 the father of Alexander Dixon served in the Black Horse, a distinguished volunteer cavalry regiment. Mr. Dixon, jr., graduated at King's College, Toronto, at the time when Adam Crooks, Judge Boyd, Christopher Robinson, Judge Kingsmill, Canon Stennett, Dr. McMichael and others well-known in public life, were connected with that university. He was university prizeman in his third year in general history and belles-lettres. He also took the prize for the "English oration," and wrote the prize poem two years in succession. The latter one, " Calpe," was deemed by Dr. McCaul worthy of insertion in the ' ' Maple Leaf," an annual to which much of the highest literary talent of the time was de- voted. After passing through the Divinity course under the able guidance of Dr. Bea- ven, professor of Divinity, he was ordained to the diaconate in Hamilton, and appointed curate to the Rev. Dr. Atkinson, in St. Catharines, where he remained a few months. While there he served as ex- aminer of the public schools. In 1850 he was appointed rector of Louth and Port Dalhousie, where he lived until appointed rector of Guelph, in 1875. While rector there, he was, for a time, joint editor with the Rev. J. G. D. McKenzie of The Church, and was for several years special correspon- dent of the great church organ The London Guardian, and likewise of a New York paper, also writing book reviews, etc., for a To- ronto daily. For many years he filled the position of chairman of the Grammar school board at St. Catharines, when the examina- tion of teachers for several counties chiefly devolved on him. He, in addition, gained a reputation as a horticulturist and vine- grower, having a very fine garden. During the civil war in the States he gave all his sympathies to the South, and was on inti- mate terms of friendship with many of the leading confederates-a friendship which continues to the present day. He held that the secession of the South was merely the dissolution of an irksome wholly justified by the U. S. Constitution. For his services to the "lost cause " he was publicly thanked by ex-president Davis, at a levee held by him when at Niagara. In 1866 he was appointed canon of St. James'' Cathedral, by the late Bishop Strachan. On his appointment to the rectory of Guelph, he was commissioned as examining chaplain to the new diocese of Niagara, which office he has filled ever since, retaining it on the death of the late bishop by request of his successor. In 1883 he was appointed arch- deacon of Guelph, with jurisdiction over the northern half of the diocese. He was married to Laura E. Goldsmith, of Toronto, after his appointment to Louth, and has a son and three daughters. The former has a good position in the Hudson Bay Company's service. The archdeacon's bro- ther, William Dixon, was for several years chief emigration agent for the Dominion,, and died in 1873. The Hon. J. H. Pope declared of him that "he was the most correct and conscientious administrator he ever met." His brother-in-law, Frank Row- sell, C.B., C. M.G., British Commissioner for Egyptian State Domains, and described in the Graphic as " one of the most capable and brilliant officials in the public service of England," died in October, 1885. After the death of William Dixon this gentleman took charge of the Dominion Emigration office in London until the appointment of Mr. Jenkins. Another brother, Major F. E. Dixon, is well known in connection with the Queen's Own. As captain, his company (No. 2) was badly cut up at Ridgeway. "The Internal Economy of a Regiment," written by him, has a high reputation as a text-book for students in military matters. Fletcher, Rev. Ronald Hugh, Pastor of the McNab Street Presbyterian Church, Hamilton, was born in Islay, Scot- land, in 1833. He is the third son of Hugh Fletcher, of Keppols, whose Hugeunot an- cestors emigrated from France to Great Bri- tain about the time of the revocation of the 430 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF edict of Nantes. His mother's name was Marion McInnis, daughter of the ruling el- der of the parish. His early education was received at the Parish school of Kilmeny. He afterwards pursued his studies at a pri- vate academy and at the High school in Glasgow. While yet a mere youth he taught for some time with ardor and success in the Parliamentary school at Mulindry in his na- tive island ; and came to this country in his eighteenth year. After teaching for some time in the County of York, he prosecuted his studies at the Toronto University, and took his theoligical course at Knox College, graduating in April, 1860. He was licensed to preach the gospel by the Hamilton Pres- bytery, in the following September. Imme- ediately after he received calls from several vacant pastoral charges, and accepted a unanimous call from the congregation of Knox church, Scarboro', which became va- cant by the removal of its former pastor (Rev. Dr. Laing, now of Dundas,) to Co- bourg; and was ordained and inducted into that charge by the Presbytery of To- ronto, on the 8th of November, 1860. To his ministerial and pastoral duties, in Scar- boro', were added those of local superinten- dent of education. He took a lively inter- est in school matters, and in his annual pub- lic addresses in the different school sections, he strongly and persistently urged on the people the importance of providing first- class school accomodation for their children. His labours in this direction were productive of much good ; and before leaving Scarboro' he had the satisfaction of seeing in almost every section in the municipality a first- class school-house. In February, 1872, he received a unanimous call from the Mc- Nab Street Presbyterian church, Hamilton, which became vacant by the appointment of the Rev. Dr. David Inglis, by the Gene- ral Assembly to the chair of Systematic Theo- logy in Knox College. He accepted the call in the following April. The Toronto presby- tery in granting his translation put on re- cord a resolution expressive of the presby- tery's high estimate of his character, ability, and services. Mr. Fletcher was inducted into his present charge by the Hamilton presbytery, on the first day of May, 1872, and was kindly received by this large and influential congregation, to which belonged the Hon. Isaac Buchanan, Hon. Senator Turner, Hon. Archibald McKellar, Dr. Mac- donald, Dr. McQuesten, and many other leading citizens of Hamilton. During his present pastorate he has laboured with fidel- ity and success in discharging his numerous duties, and is highly esteemed, not only by his own, but also by neighbouring congrega- tions, some of whom have publicly expressed their high estimate of his worth and services by presenting valuable testimonials to him. He has been for several years senior chaplain to the St. Andrew's Benevolent Society, of Hamilton, and repeatedly received the thanks of the society for his services render- ed to it. He is a member of the board of management of Knox College, and acted for several years as an examiner in the same institution. In 1881, his congregation granted him a prolonged vacation, during which he travelled extensively in Western and Southern Europe, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Asia Minor, Turkey and Greece. On his return home he delivered to his congre- gation a series of interesting lectures on his travels. His friends cherish the hope that he may give his observations and reflections dur- ing his eastern travels to the public some day in a permanent form. After his return from the East, he was married, in May, 1882, to Phyllis Eleanor, youngest daughter of the late Peter Murray, of Athol Bank. In 1884, the Synod of Hamilton and London confer- red on him the highest honour in its gift by electing him to the moderator's chair, the duties of which he discharged to the entire satisfaction of his brethren. On retiring from the chair, he preached an able and eloquent discourse on the " Supreme excellency of the knowledge of Jesus Christ," which has been published. He received the unanimous thanks of the synod for the efficient manner in which he discharged his duties as moder- ator. Cochrane, Hon. Matthew Henry, Senator, Hillhurst, Compton, was born at Compton, Province of Quebec, on the 11th of November, 1824. He is a son of James Cochrane, who came from the north of Ireland, and who was for many years a merchant-farmer and cattle-breeder in the Province of Quebec. Our subject lived upon his father's farm till he was eighteen years old, and then he went to Boston. Here, for a time, he engaged himself in the shoe business ; but he returned to Canada in 1854, and resumed the same business. Here he associated himself with Samuel G. Smith, and the firm was known as Smith & Cochrane. In 1868 Mr. Smith died, and Charles Cassils, a native of Dumbartonshire, Scotland, became a partner in the business with Mr. Cochrane ; and the firm thereafter was known as Cochrane, Cassils & Co. It now gives employment to upwards of 300 men and women, and does business to the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 431 extent of half a million dollars a year. In 1864 Mr. Cochrane had made up his mind to embark in cattle raising, upon an exten- sive scale, so he purchased the large farm adjoining his own at Compton. This mag- nificent place is known as " Hillhurst," and contains 1,600 acres, largely rolling land, and almost in one block, with brooks and springs furnishing abundance of good water. A deep gravelly loam is the prevailing soil, admirably adapted to the growth of spring wheat, turnips, grass, oats, barley, etc., the first three being the leading crops ; corn is also raised. At the period when Mr. Cochrane began this splendid enterprise at Compton, very little had been accomplished at stock-raising in the province. He was, therefore, a pioneer, and was obliged to create the system to be adopted. He set out determined to have the best specimens of short-horns that money could purchase from leading cattle-breeders in the old country. In 1867 he made his first great purchase, when he imported the famous cow " Rosedale." This superb animal had no peer in the principal prize rings of Great Britain. He likewise, imported a choice corps of Southdown, Cotswold, Leicester and Lincoln sheep. He also imported a number of Suffolk horses, and Berkshire pigs. We take the following from the "Can- adian Biographical Dictionary " : " Rose- dale was a daughter of Booth's Valsco and Rosy, by Master Belleville, and was bred by Lady Pigot. Our subject had no Booth bull, and he had Rosedale crossed with the eleventh Duke of Thorndale, a Duchess bull, which had just been purchased for $3,000. Her first calf, after coming into Mr. Cochrane's hands, a heifer, was sold, when a year old, to an Illinois stock-breeder for $3,500. . . The next year Mr. Coch- rane paid 1,000 guineas for Duchess 97th, by the 3rd Duke of Wharfdale, of the noted Wetherly herd. . . The price which he paid for her, is said to be the highest at that time ever paid for a female short-horn. At the same time, among other cattle, Mr. Cochrane also bought for 250 guineas, a pure Booth animal of striking beauty, she being by Baron Booth, a prize winner, and sire of prize-winners." In 1870 our sub- ject out-did every cattle-breeder in America, by bringing into Canada, no less than forty head of short-horns, which together with twenty more, a flock of Cotswold sheep, and several Berkshire pigs, cost in the aggre- gate, $60,000. Thereafter, from time to time, this enterprising gentleman added to his magnificent stock, by additions which still would make many stare with wonder. Cattle-raising is less to him a purely mer- cantile business, than a calling which he loves. In keeping with his past spirit of enterprise, Hon. Mr. Cochrane, two or three years ago, when the public taste in pure bred cattle had somewhat abated on shorthorns, imported from England and Scotland various large herds of Hereford and Polled Angus cattle, and has, by his careful selection and judicious breeding, done much to improve the stock of the country through those strains, as he did in shorthorns. On the 17th of October, 1872, Mr. Cochrane was called to the Senate, by Sir John A. Macdonald's administration. He has through life been a consistent Conserva- tive, and has always been an honour to the Senate. He has been connected with various public enterprises, among others he is a member of the council of agriculture, of Quebec ; a director of the Eastern Town- ships' Bank ; the Paton Manufacturing Company, etc., etc. He is also president of the Cochrane Ranch Company ; the British American Ranch Company ; the Bigelow- Heel Company, and various other com- panies in the Eastern Townships and Mont- real. Gault, Matthew Hamilton, J. P., M.P. for Montreal West, and son of the late Leslie Gault, merchant and ship-owner, of Strabane, County of Tyrone, Ireland, was born at Strabane in July, 1822. His mother was Mary Hamilton, of Trenta House, Coun- ty Donegal, Ireland. Young Gault received a careful educational training at his native place, under the tutorship of the Rev. Dr. Allan. When he reached his twenty-first year he came to Canada, settling in Mont- real, where he engaged himself in insurance business. What he has, through his com- manding business abilities, his honourable conduct, and untiring industry, since achieved, is truly remarkable. He was for some years resident manager of the British American Assurance Company for Quebec province ; chief agent of the Royal Insur- ance Company of England ; and agent of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. He is president of the Montreal Loan and Mortgage Co. ; vice-president of the Sun Life Insurance Co. ; vice-president of the Montreal Mining Co. ; director of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co., and Windsor Hotel Co.; director of the Hochelaga and Montreal Cotton Company ; vice-president of the Stormont Company at Cornwall, and has the honour and credit of being the founder of the Irish Protestant 432 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Benevolent Society, the parent society of the Dominion. He took a very active part in volunteer affairs for a number of years, but retired in 1866, retaining his rank as captain. He had for many years given a good deal of serious thought to political questions, and at last the desire to have his voice in the direction of public affairs had grown so strong within him, that he offered himself as a candidate for the House of Commons to the people of Mont- real West, in 1878, and was the choice of that constituency. He was re-elected at the last general election, and is one of the ablest and most practical members of the House of Commons. Upon questions of finance and commerce, his opinion is enter- tained with the highest possible respect by gentlemen on both sides of the House. He is a true-blue Conservative, and an ardent friend of the national policy. Mr. Gault has always taken a deep interest in all pro- jects for the advancement of his city. He was elected at the times named by large majorities, and his constituency is the most important one in Canada. He is not in fa- vour of either Imperial federation, inde- pendence, or annexation, believing that we possess all the elements of growth, prosper- ity and permanency, enjoying as we do the finest constitution upon the globe. Mr. Gault is one of those who hopes, with the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, that the Dominion shall not require to be- come a borrower in the future ; and that every effort be put forth to fill up our mag- nificent North-West with an industrious farming community. Mr. Gault is a mem- ber of the Church of England, and is very prominent in that body. It was owing greatly to his energy that the large debt of about $40,000 was collected for paying off the debt of Christ Church Cathedral, and he had the satisfaction of seeing the cathe- dral consecrated during his wardenship. He has been an extensive traveller, having visited the chief cities in Europe and upon the American continent. He married, in 1854, Elizabeth J., only daughter of the late George Browne, Montreal. Mr. Gault's residences are Braehead, Montreal; Rock- clyffe, Cacouna ; and St. James' Club,Mont- Campbell, Jolin, M.D., C.M., Mc- Gill University, L.R.C.P., Edinburgh, and Coroner for Huron, Seaforth, Ontario, was born in the township of North Sher- brooke, County of Lanark, on the 10th February, 1839. His father, Duncan Camp- bell, was a native of Inverary, Argyleshire, Scotland, and his mother, Mary Munro, was born in Glasgow, but of Argyleshire stock. Duncan Campbell and his wife came to Can- ada in the spring of 1821, and settled in North Sherbrooke, where four sons and as many daughters were born to them, only two of ail being now alive,-the subject of this sketch, and a brother, who is now practising medicine in Missouri, U.S. His mother was a pious woman, and a consistent mem- ber of the Presbyterian church. She loved her children, and sought to procure, and did procure, for them all the educational advantages that the time and the place afforded. John Campbell attended the common school in his native place, but was obliged to work upon the farm at the same time that he pursued his studies. He left the farm when twelve years old and entered a dry goods store, kept by James Logie, at St. Mary's, and afterwards was engaged in similar establishments elsewhere, and he was popular as a salesman on account of his courtesy and obliging manners. About the time of the close of the Russian war young Campbell became weary of the life of a clerk, and taking a second-class certificate, began to teach school. In June, 1862, he obtained a second-class grade A certificate at the Normal school, Toronto, and proceeded to Usborne, where he took charge of an im- portant school. He afterwards taught in Blenheim, receiving a salary of £100. Into the work of temperance reform the young teacher threw himself with heart and soul, and he soon revealed that he was possessed of unusual ability for platform discussion, For a long time Mr. Campbell had a strong desire to enter the ministry of the Presby- terian church, but was diverted from his purpose by the harsh, unsympathetic atti- tude of a Highland minister whom he met one evening at the house of one of his school trustees. This worthy divine spoke of prophets, and of great saints in the Scriptures, and completely disheartened the young man. A short time after this occurrence he began to read medicine in the office of Dr. Philip, of Plattsville, now of Brantford. After teaching two years at Blenheim, during which period he devoted all his spare hours to reading medicine, he entered McGill Medical college in 1866, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1869. He had to leave college towards the end of the second term, owing to a break-down of his health, never over-rugged, brought on by over-study. So ill was he with weakness of the lungs and general prostration, that the professors did not believe that he would CANADIAN BIO GRAPH T 433 ever return. Plenty of outing, relaxation of study, and a use of milk and cod-liver oil, however, soon brought him to good health again. He was, upon graduation, elected valedictorian by the outgoing class, and was complimented all around for the excellence of the address delivered. At the request ■of many friends, this address has been re- published in our subject's little volume " The Land of Burns." When he had obtained his diploma he went to Seaforth, where he began practice, and has continued there ever since. The very impersonation of energy, posses- sing great solidity of character and strength of will, difficulties soon gave way, and be- fore long he found himself master of a handsome and profitable practice. He was a member of the common school board in 1879, and a member of the common coun- cil in 1881. He resigned the first and vacated the last by going to the old country for the benefit of his health. In all efforts for the improvement of the town Dr. Camp- bell has taken a leading and an intelligent part. He is a member of the High School Board of Seaforth; a vice-president of the Mechanics' Institute, and has been invited on several occasions to deliver lectures on scientific subjects before the institute ; a member of the Masonic fraternity, a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, and a member of the Canadian Order of Foresters. He has travelled through the United States and Europe, visiting the great hospitals in both countries ; and in 1882 took from the Edinburgh Medical Univer- sity the degree of the Royal College of Phy- sicians. It was while in Europe for the purpose of obtaining the diploma of the Edinburgh University that he made a loving tour through the land of Burns ; and the result of his travels through Scotland we have given to us in the delightful volume already referred to. We cannot do more than refer to this charming production. The style is simple, natural and vivid ; evidently every line is a labour of love ; for the heart of the writer is in every sentence. The touch is light, and the construction grace- ful and unstrained. We understand that one edition has been already sold, and that the author contemplates giving another to the public. Dr. Campbell is a staunch Re- former, but he is not a narrow partizan. He is a member of both the Ontario and Dominion Medical Associations, and takes the very highest place in his profession. He married on the 14th Mky, 1872, Jane, daughter of John Laird, a farmer of Hays- ville, Waterloo county. Dufferin, Earl of.-The Right Hon. Earl of Dufferin, K.P., K.C.B., K.C.M.G., was born at Florence, in Italy, on the 24th of •Tune, 1826. His father was Price, the fourth Baron of Dufferin and Clandeboye, and his mother the author of " The Irish Emi- grant's Lament," beginning " I'm sitting on the stile, Mary," and several other delight- ful Irish ballads, and a jeu d'esprit, consist ing of pen and ink sketches, illustrative of the supposed adventures of an old maid on her travels in Egypt. The illustrations, executed by herself, were exceedingly good, and the humour of the letter-press was very gentle and delicate. The rich blood of the Sheridans flows in Lord Dufferin's veins, and the Honourable Mrs. Caroline Norton was his aunt. Mrs. Norton was the lady who sat at the head of that distin- guished circle of sweet singers forty years ago, and whose poetry the quaint Maginn once said was " as fluent, as clear, as lucid, and as warm as the liquid distilling from the urn." Our subject was educated at Eton and Christ Church, but left the uni- versity without taking a degree. In his fif- teenth year he succeeded to the title owing to the death of his father. " Irish Emigra- tion and the Tenure of Land in Ireland " was a work by the young peer which com- manded wide attention. In 1850 he was created an English baron with the title of Clandeboye. In 1855 Lord John Russell went to Vienna as a British plenipotenti- ary, and Lord Dufferin accompanied him as special attache. This invitation the young nobleman readily accepted. On his return he prepared himself for an extensive yacht- ing tour in northern seas, starting on his voyage in 1856. He kept a circumstantial chronicle of this expedition, giving the greater number of his observations in a series of papers entitled " Letters from High Latitudes." These letters were graphic, forcible and brilliant, and the author proved that he had the seeing eye. In 1860 Lord Dufferin was appointed by Lord Palmerston as a commissioner to Syria on behalf of England. His path here was beset with difficulties, but so well, in the opinion of the government, did he acquit himself, that on his return he was created a knight com- mander of the bath. He moved the address in the House of Lords on the occasion of the death of the Prince Consort, and his spe ech on that occasion was remarkable for its happy eloquence. In 1862 his lordship married Harriet Georgina, eldest daughter of the late Archibald Rowan Hamilton, of Killyleagh Castle, in Down. In 1863 he A CYCLOPEDIA OF 434 was appointed under-secretary of state for India, and this position he held till 1866, when he was offered the governorship of Bombay. His mother's health not being good enough to permit her accompanying him, he refused this offer, and accepted in- stead the under-secretaryship of the War department. In 1868 he became chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, which position he retained till his appointment to the governor-generalship of Canada, on the 22nd of May, 1872. He came to Canada with a name somewhat prominent in literature, for all well-read persons were acquainted with his "Letters from High Latitudes," and he enjoyed a considerable reputation as an orator. "It was remembered by some," says Mr. Stewart, " that he had delivered in the House of Lords one eloquent speech,-a speech full of scholarly grace and beauty- on the occasion of his moving the address to Her Majesty in answer to the Speech from the Throne. All England rang with praises of this masterly utterance, and the touching allusions to the loss which the na- tion had sustained in the death of the Prince Consort, awakened many a respon- sive throb in the hearts of the people. Scotsmen, too, recollected that Lord Duf- ferin had delivered a stirring address at the Centenary celebration of Sir Walter Scott's birthday, in Belfast, and his eloquent words in praise of the ' Ariosto of the North,' won for him a fresh host of admirers. But beyond what was known of the new gov- ernor-general in a literary way) he was look- ed upon by the mass of Canadians as an un- tried man, and information about him was eagerly sought after. Information, however, was scant, for though Lord Dufferin had filled, with a large measure of success, many important trusts in his native land, and had served his sovereign in foreign countries, his labours were of so unostentatious a char- acter that they gained for him little public- ity." He was no sooner settled at Rideau Hall than he set out to make himself fami- liar with the affairs of the country ; and in a short while he was able to enter with full knowledge and sympathy into all our affairs. In education, and all other matters of pub- lic concern, he took a deep interest; and he visited every portion of the country with his estimable Countess, who was hardly less popular than himself. He had the gift of eloquence of his countrymen, and was the ablest orator in Canada. Shortly after his return to England he was sent to St. Peters- burg on a mission of much diplomatic im- portance. Here his suavity and tact stood him in excellent stead. He was subse- quently appointed ambassador to Constan- tinople, acting through all the Egyptian complications with adroitness and success. He is now viceroy of India, and he has ruled there through a trying crisis of the empire's history, revealing in all his acts that suavity and tact which have made his administration everywhere a phenominal. success. McDougall, Colin, Q.C., St. Thomas, ex-M.P. for East Elgin, was born in the township of Aidborough, Elgin county, On- tario, on the 3rd March, 1834. His parents were Lachlan McDougall and Sarah (Ruth- ven) McDouaall. Mrs. McDougall was a daughter of Hugh Ruthven, who came to America in 1819, and settled in the township of Aidborough. Lachlan McDougall first came to the United States with his parents, jSeil and Margaret McDougall, about the year 1793, when still an infant. Neil Mc- Dougall became a merchant in New York, and continued in business until the time of the epidemic of cholera, early in the present century. His last resting-place is in the old Dutch burying-ground, which was situ- ated on the corner of Broadway and Wall streets, New York. After his death, his son, Lachlan McDougall removed to the resi- idence of an uncle, Neil McKinnon, a wine merchant of New York, where he remained until he was about sixteen years of age, and under whom he obtained an excellent edu- cation. He then left his uncle and resolved to begin life for himself, and accordingly re- moved to the centre of the State of New York, in the vicinity of the Mohawk valley, where he remained for a time, engaging in various kinds of business, principally, how- ever, school-teaching and the lumber trade. In 1816, he settled in the neighbour- hood of Chippawa, Canada, but he shortly afterwards moved to the township of Aidbo- rough, Elgin county, in the section known as the Scotch settlement; and taking up turned his attention to farming. Here the subject of this sketch was born. Mr. McDougall remained on the farm until his death, in 1872. Mrs. McDougall died in 1875. Colin McDougall received first a com- mon school education, under the late Donald Currie, a gentleman of much learning and a very kindly heart, and Mr. McLachlin, now registrar of Elgin county. He remained under diffierent tutors till the age of twenty- three, when he entered mercantile life, and in this he continued until he had reached his twenty-sixth year. Repairing then to Michigan, he entered the University of Ann CA NADI AN BIO GRA BUY. 435 Arbor, where he took a course of two years, when he returned to Canada and began the study of law in the office of C. D. Paul, barrister, at St. Thomas. He remained in this office for three years, and then removed to the City of Toronto, entering the office of the late Judge Mackenzie, and studied under that eminent lawyer for two years. He then entered the office of Thomas Hod- gins, Q.C., now master-in-ordinary at Os- goode Hall, Toronto, and from here grad- uated in 1869. On being called to the bar, he at once went to St. Thomas, where he entered into a legal partnership with the late Mr. Helliwell, which association contin- ued for two years. Mr. McDougall now re- solved to practice alone ; but in 1874 he joined with J. H. Coyne in partnership, these t wo gentlemen doing a very satisfactory business together for six years, when they dissolved. In 1884, he joined J. S. Rob- ertson, and this partnership still contin- ues, under the firm name of McDougall & Robertson. In 1855, he was appointed township auditor of Aidborough, Elgin county. In 1857 he was elected reeve of the township, and again in 1858, but resigned the following year. In 1860, he was again elected, and re-elected in 1861, resigning in the same year. From this time forward he held no public office until 1874, when he was chosen to represent the Riding of East El- gin in the House of Commons. He was a zealous, active and efficient member in that chamber, but being an opponent of the na- tional policy, he was defeated with his party in 1878. Since that time he has devoted his entire attention to his profession, though there is some expectation and much hope that he may at some day take the field again. Mr. McDougall is president of the Cochrane Manufacturing Company ; is an Oddfellow of Lodge No. 76, St. Thomas ; and has been an elder of the Presbyterian church at St. Thomas since 1877- He mar- ried/-in 1866, Catherine, daughter of the late Alexander Rose, of St. Thomas, and sister of Dr. Rose, of Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania, U. S. He has had three children, the eldest dying when an infant. Haggert, John, Brampton, Ontario, was born at Eldersley, near Paisley, in the year 1822. His parents were Robert and Barbara (Longhead) Haggert. Mr. Hag- gert, senior, carried on, for a number of years, a mercantile and manufacturing bus- iness in Paisley, Scotland. The family came to Canada in 1842, settling in Ham- ilton, Ontario, where Mr. Haggert, shortly after his arrival, died, he having caught a severe cold on board ship on his way out. Mrs. Haggert died in 1873, leaving behind a family of ten, the subject of this sketch being the third eldest. John Haggert re- ceived a sound English education in Scot- land. At the age of eighteen he left his native land for America, in company with his brother, Robert, who some time after- wards died at Kingston. Arriving in New York, he apprenticed himself to Dunham & Co., of that city, with the object of learn- ing the engineering business. He remained in New York until 1842, when he came to Canada, settling in Hamilton, where he practised his profession for about three years. He then removed to Beamsville, and engaged in the manufacture of agricul- tural implements. In 1849, he removed to Brampton, and there carried on the same business. He was soon afterwards joined by his two brothers, James and William Hag- gert, the partnership bearing the name of Haggert Bros., until 1866, when it was dis- solved. Mr. Haggert continued the busi- ness alone until 1870, when he admitted as partner, R, Cochrane, of Fingal, Elgin, the firm still retaining the old designation of Haggert Bros. This partnership lasted for about ten years; when, in 1880, it was converted into a joint stock company, un- der the name of the Haggert Bros. Man- ufacturing Co., of which the subject of this sketch was elected president, and he retains that position to the present time. The establishment does one of the most ex- tensive trades in Canada, its business ex- tending throughout the entire Dominion. They employ on an average from 100 to 150 hands, manufacturing all kinds of agricul- tural implements, consisting of thrashing machines, portable engines, and stoves in great variety. Mr. Haggert has been a member of the school board of Brampton for many years ; and was a member of the vil- lage council for a considerable period. Upon the incorporation of the place as a town he was elected the first mayor (1874), and was re-elected for 1875, 1876, and 1877, when he retired owing to the demands of business upon his attention. Mr. Haggert is president of the Haggert Manufacturing Company, and was president of the Mechan- ics' Institute for a number of years. He has been president of the Reform Associa- tion of the County of Peel for years ; and notwithstanding the fact that he is a sound Liberal, he is a firm advocate of a national policy. During 1873, in company with Mrs. Haggert, he paid a visit to Great Bri- tain and the Continent, visiting all the 436 A CYCLOPEDIA OF cities and places of interest. He married, on the 8th of July, 1851, Catharine, daugh- ter of John and Margaret Cochrane, of Bar Head, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1842, settling in the County of Grey, near Durham. This worthy couple are still living in the old homestead at an advanced age, Mr. Cochrane being ninety and Mrs. Cochrane about eighty-eight. They are still active, and both may yet see several years. Mr. Haggert has a family of four, three boys and one girl. Robert Haggert, the eldest son, is manager of the works ; the other two are still at school. If industry, busi- ness insight, and the strictest honour, be important factors in success, then it is no wonder Mr. Haggert has been successful in arriving at the position he now holds. Webb, William, Streetsville, Ontario, was born in the town of Somersham, Hunt- ingdonshire, England, in 1833. His father, William Webb, was a well-known tenant farmer of that place, and his mother was Elizabeth, daughter of William Balinger, a gentleman of prominent family in Cam- bridgeshire. There was a family of seven children by this marriage, and the subject of this sketch was the third eldest. Mrs. Webb died in 1882, but Mr. Webb still survives, being now in his eighty-second year. William Webb received a limited English education at the schools of his native place ; and when he attained his six- teenth year entered the employ of Robert Fletcher (Quaker), of Dewsbury, Yorkshire, a dealer in groceries. He remained in the employ of this man for a period of five years, when he entered the firm of Daniel Lee, merchant grocer. His ambition, however, was not satisfied with these pursuits, and as there came every now and again across the water stories of the vast and attractive opportunity open to ambition in the Cana- dian colonies, Mr. Webb resolved to try his fortune in that distant land. In 1857 he set sail, and in due time landed in Tor- onto, where he remained for only a short period. He then proceeded to Brampton, and entered the employ of W. P. Lacey, of that place ; and there remained till 1859, when he joined T. G. Jackson, of Stanley's Mills, now of Manitoba. He maintained his connection with him till 1862, and in the following year he went to Streetsville, there taking charge of the general store belonging to Gooderham & Worts. He re- mained in the employ of this firm for a period of sixteen years, when he bought out the establishment, and took in G. H. Falconer, bookkeeper of the firm, as part- ner ; and this valuable business was known in 1883 as that of Webb and Falconer. In the last-named year the partnership was dissolved, and the business has since been carried on by the subject of this sketch. Mr. Webb has found some time to devote to the affairs of education and of the muni- cipality. During the years 1881,1882, 1884, and 1885, he has been a councillor of the village ; and has been for the past three years chairman of the High School board, having served altogether for nine years in that body. Mr. Webb is a shareholder in the York Farmers' Colonization Company of the North-West ; and of the Navy Island Fruit-growing Association, and is a member of the syndicate which purchased the Gooderham & Worts milling property at Streetsville. Mr. Webb is secretary and treasurer of lodge No. 356, River Park, of Freemasons, and is also a member of St. John's lodge, Toronto. In politics our subject has always been a Conservative, and has never found reason for changing the faith that is within him. He was brought up in the Congregational church, but after- wards became a Methodist, which faith he still professes. He is a trustee of the Streets- ville church ; is a member of the quarterly board, and has been superintendent of the Sabbath-school for fourteen years. He has been likewise secretary and treasurer of the church for an equal period, and holds that office now. He married, on the 4th of October, 1865, Mary Jane, daughter of the late James Anderson, of Orangeville, On- tario. Mr. Anderson died in 1879. The business of Mr. Webb is a prosperous one, for which condition it is not a little indebted to the integrity, the ability, and the indus- try of its proprietor. Radcliffe, Hon. Thomas, Colonel, was born at Castle Coote, in the County of Roscommon, Ireland, on the 17th April, 1794. He was the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas Radcliffe, rector of St. Paul's, Dublin, and Clonmethon, County Dublin ; also prebend of St. Patrick's Cathedral and sub-dean; and of his wife, Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Thomas Mitchell, of Castle Strange, in the County Roscommon. The family is of the splendid lineage of the Radcliffes of Waldstein Waters, (the Anglo-Saxon name for Derwent Waters, now called Walla Crag). The family is traced back to 1014. The first of the family in the stock table is Francis Radclyffe, first earl of the elder lin- eage of Derwentwater, who was born in 1624. He married Catherine of Meldone. The Canadian family of Radcliffes, we may CANADIAN BIOGRA PH F. 437 say, before dismissing the question of an- cestry, is directly descended from William, son of the second earl. The family is of Saxon origin, and the estates are worth £200,000 per annum. The subject of this sketch was educated at Trinity College, Dub- lin, joined the army in 1811, and served as lieutenant in the" 27th Regiment of Foot throughout the Peninsular war. He was en- gaged, under Wellington, in several general actions, among which may be mentioned Sal- amanca, Vittoria, the Pyrenees, Nivelle, and Toulouse. He also served in America, and was present at the battle of Plattsburg ; and was with the army of occupation in France. He was placed upon the half-pay list on the reduction of the army in 1816. He was en- gaged in twelve pitched battles, beside many skirmishes, and received three severe wounds. In 1832, he sold his half-pay and emigrated to Upper Canada, where he hoped to be the better able to provide for his numerous family. He settled in the township of Adelaide, in the London dis- trict ; was appointed, by Sir John Colborne. a justice of the peace, and to the command of the regiment of militia raised in the town ship. Upon the breaking out of the revolt of 1837, he was called upon, and there was no more intrepid, valuable, and loyal officer in that period than Colonel Radcliffe. We cannot do better than publish here certain letters from headquarters, for they show the estimate put upon the services of this gal- lant officer :- To Colonel Radcliffe, Commanding Western Frontier, Amherstburg : Government House, 25th Jan., 1838. Sir,-I am commanded by His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the- inst., and to express his high sense of your conduct, and that of the gal- lant men under your command, in capturing the schooner Anne, in the service of the pirates, with their guns, and a large quantity of the munitions of war. This gallant exploit reflects the highest credit upon those employed on the occasion, and proves that the militia of the western district re- quired only an opportunity to show the same readiness to defend the Queen's government, and protect their homes from the depredations of law- less invaders, which has been exhibited by the militia in other parts of the province. I have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant, Jas. M. Strachan, Military Secretary. To Col. Radcliffe, Amherstburg. Government House, Toronto, February 3rd, 1838. Sir,-I am commanded by His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 8th January, and to say that he is much obliged to you for the information it contains. Your arrangements with respect to the company of picked men and the cavalry which you have sent to observe Point au Pelee Island, are entirely satisfactory to His Excellency ; and I am further desired to say, that in allowing the steamboat to winter at Amherstburg, and the passing up of American troops, you have acted exactly as he could have wished. His Excellency desires me, again, to thank you for the zealous ex- ertions which you have made for the public ser- vice, during the period of your command. I have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant, J. M. Strachan, Lt.-Col., Military Secretary. To Colonel Radcliffe, Commanding at Am- herstburg. The following is a copy of a report made by Colonel Radcliffe, in his capacity as offi- cer commanding the W estern Rangers :- To His Excellency Major-General Sir George Arthur, K. C. B., etc., etc., Lieuten- ant-Governor of Upper Canada. May it please Your Excellency : On the 9th day of January last, the militia and volunteer troops under my command at Malden, in the western district, captured the following prize, which was part of an expedition that at- tacked Amherstburg, under the command of the prisoners Sutherland and the men now in confine- ment at Toronto :-A schooner called The Anne, of Detroit ; 398 cartridge boxes ; 220 bayonet belts ; 168 cartridge box belts ; 247 bayonet scab- bards ; 299 bayonets; 300 muskets ; 106 knap- sacks ; 10 kegs gunpowder ; 2 bags of shot, weigh- ing fifty pounds ; 1 nine-pounder and 2 six- pounders (iron guns) ; 12 bullet moulds ; half a keg of bullets ; aud 60 pounds of lead ; a return of which I duly made to Sir Francis Bond Head (your Excellency's predecessor) at the time. We also captured on board the schooner a rebel from the London district named Anderson, for whom a reward of £100 was offered by Sir Francis immedi- ately after the rebellion broke out. Anderson was severely wounded at the taking of the schooner, and he died on the following day. I beg leave to submit to Your Excellency that we are entitled to the reward offered for Anderson, and to the prize money at which the schooner and articles above mentioned may be valued ; and I respectfully re- quest that Your Excellency will be pleased to order a valuation of the whole to be made, and the pro- ceeds to be divided among the captors. The ves- sel, etc., are in the hands of the authorities at this port. I have the honour to be Your Excellency's faithful servant, Thomas Radcliffe, Col. Western Rangers, Late Col. commanding W. D. frontier. Amherstburg, 17th April, 1838. After the suppression of the rebellion of 1837-8, Colonel Radcliffe was appointed a member of the Legislative Council, and this position he retained until his death at Am- herst Island in 1841. He left a widow and seven children. One of this family is Rich- ard Radcliffe, of Goderich, a sketch of whose career appears in this volume; and an- 438 A CYCLOPEDIA OF other was the late Stephen Radcliffe, who for a number of years ably filled the position of City Clerk of Toronto. It may justly be said that in the whole of Canada there was not another officer whose promptitude and military skill had done more towards break- ing the back of the rebellion than Colonel Radcliffe. Barber, Major John Roaf, was born in the village of Georgetown, on the 5th July, 1841. His parents were James Barber and Hannah Patrick, who were married in the township of Flamboro', County Wentworth. Mrs. Barber died in 1854, and James Barber married again, Jessie Hope, of Jedburgh, Scotland, daugh- ter of Captain Hope, an officer of the British army. This lady died in 1883. By the first marriage there were four children, (the subject of this sketch being the second eldest) ; and by the second, two. Mr. Bar- ber died in May, 1880, and was one of the most prominent, deserving, and highly re- spected inhabitants of western Ontario. Of him Mr.,Davin w'rote in " The Irishman in Canada " ;-•' He has always been of a re- tiring disposition, taking little or no partin political conventions or meetings of a like character, and consequently is less known to the public than the other members of the family. There is no name, however, which stands so high for commercial integrity or social and moral worth, in the County of Halton, as that of James Barber." John Roaf Barber received a careful early educa- tional training, continuing his studies at the Streetsville Grammar school, at the George- town Collegiate Institute, and concluding his course under the late Charles Dade, M. A. It had been the intention of Mr. Barber to enter the University of Toronto, but the de- struction by fire of the Woollen Mills at Streetsville, in which his father was inter- ested, changed the course of his life from professional to mercantile pursuits. He en- tered the office of his father, intending only to remain there until the mills were rebuilt, but he never returned to college. He shewed great aptitude for business, and was soon able to take charge of the financial affairs of the concern, and this he did until the death of his father. Shortly after this event, he came into possession of the Paper Mills and other property at Georgetown ; and under his management these mills have been remodelled and enlarged to double their former capacity, and have now an output of four tons of paper a day. In addition to the Georgetown property, Mr. Barber owns considerable in Toronto. Mr. Barber was gazetted, in 1863, ensign of the Georgetown Light Infantry, now No. 3, 20th Lome Rifles ; and in 1866 was appointed captain. During the Fenian raid he was stationed at the Suspension Bridge, which was considered a very impor- tant post. In 1876 he was gazetted major. Mr. Barber has also tried his hand at local politics, and it is scarcely necessary to say that here, as in the other spheres, he has been successful. In 1865 he was elected reeve of the village of Georgetown, and retained the position for ten years. In 1875 he re- tired, and accepted a seat in the council, from which board he has only been absent one or two years. In 1882 he was again reeve of Georgetown, and this year (1885) is warden for the County of Halton. Mr. Barber has been president of the Mechanics' Institute since' 1880 ; is the largest stock- holder in the Toronto Paper Mills of Corn- wall, Ontario, and has been president of the same since its commencement in 1880, he having been the chief organizer of this enterprise. He is also president of the Barber & Ellis Company, wholesale sta- tioners and envelope manufacturers, To- ronto, and one of the largest manufacturers of this class of goods in the Dominion. He is a director of the Empress Sewing Ma- chine Company, of Toronto ; of the Em- press Sewing Machine Company, of Chi- cago ; and a director of the Star Hosiery Manufacturing Company, of Georgetown. He is a Freemason, and belongs to Credit lodge, No. 219, and is past master in that body. Mr. Barber has always voted with the Reform party, though at the same time a thorough protectionist. His religious views are those of the Congregational de- nomination. Mr. Barber married, in Janu- ary, 1868, Mary, daughter of Francis Bar- clay, registrar of Halton, and by this lady has five children living, the sons being Francis James, Charles Herbert, and Rene Raoul. Though comparatively a young man, Mr. Barber is now amongst the oldest members of the magistracy in the County of Halton. McIntyre, John, Q.C., was born in Kingston, Ontario, on the 21st of March, 1843. He was educated in the Kingston preparatory school, under the Rev. Robert Campbell, M.A., now of Montreal; matricu- lated in Queen's University, Kingston, in October, 1858 ; and graduated in April, 1861, taking hisB.A. degree. He was sub- sequently advanced to the degree of M. A. in the same university. Mr. McIntyre commenced the study of law in 1861, in the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 439 office of Sir John A. Macdonald at Kingston, where he remained for about two years, ar.d completed his course in the office of Sir Alexander Campbell. He was called to the bar in 1865, and was created Q.C. in 1881. Mr. McIntyre was president of St. An- drew's Society, Kingston, in 1874 ; and for several years was elected to the office of president of the Alma Mater Society, Queen's University, to which position he was chosen after some severe contests. He was an aiderman of Kingston for about ten years, and was elected mayor of that city in 1878, defeating C. F. Gildersleeve, after a very exciting fight, an unusually large vote having been polled. He married, in 1876, Mrs. Macpherson, widow of the late James Macpherson of Kingston. In earlier life, Mr. McIntyre was a Methodist, but he is now in connection with the Pres- byterian church, and a member of St. An- drew's, Kingston. As a lawyer, his stand- ing is the highest, and as a citizen and a civic politician, he is held in exalted es- teem by the people of his native city. Small, John, Toronto, M. P. for East Toronto, was born in the township of York, on the 8th of October, 1831. He is the eldest son of the late Charles Coxwell Small, clerk of the Crown and Pleas for Upper Canada, and grandson of the late Major Small, who came to Canada as clerk of the Crown and Pleas, and clerk of the Executive council, from Cirencester, England, with Governor Simcoe, in 1797. Charles Coxwell Small was born in the town of York, now Toronto, on the 31st of December, 1801, and he married Frances Elizabeth Innes, of Bath, England, who became the mother of our subject. John Small was educated at the Home District Grammar school, and at Upper Canada college. He was appointed taxing officer of the Court of Queen's Bench in 1855, and held this position till the pass- age of the Ontario Judicature Act in 1881, when he was relieved of his duties by Mr. Mowat. The cause of the removal, it has been alleged by some people, was nothing more serious than the fact that Mr. Small was suspected of having strong leanings toward the conservative party, though no one supposed, or would suppose, that this preference in any way interfered with the just and thorough discharge of his duty. Looking upon the removal as persecution, the friends of Mr. Small, and their number is large, rallied around him, and offered him the nomination for East Toronto in the Liberal-Conservative interest. Mr. Small acceded to the wishes of his friends, resign- ed his clerkship at Osgoode Hall (June, 1882) entered the field, and defeated his opponent, Thomas Thompson, a prominent merchant, by 497 votes. Upon the whole, his removal from office was a favour in disguise, else Mr. Small might have been content to re- main all his life in his official position, and his constituency would have missed the ser- vice of a man of high social character, and much influence and industry in the House of Commons. Mr. Small is a member of the Episcopal church, and is a prominent member of one of the city congregations. He married, on the 15th of May, 1856, Susan Margaret, eldest daughter of James Boulton, barrister, Toronto. Before enter- ing the larger public sphere, Mr. Small re- presented St. Lawerence ward as aiderman in the city council for the years 1877, 1878 and 1879. Personally and publicly, the character of Mr. Small is the highest, and he is extremely popular among his support- ers. We wish him much prosperity in his parliamentary career. McGuin, John Bell, Napanee, Clerk of the County Court, Deputy-clerk of the Crown and Pleas, and Registrar of the Sur- rogate Court for the Counties of Lennox and Addington, was born in the town- ship of Ernestown, in the County of Len- nox, on the 1st March, 1825. He is a son of John McGuin, who held an ensign's commission in the 1st regiment Addington militia, under Colonel William Johnson, his appointment bearing date October 3rd, 1816, and who, on 1st July, 1822, was promoted to a captaincy in the same regiment, under Colonel Matthew Clark. Captain McGuin was a son of Henry McGuin, a U. E. loyal- ist, and his mother Elizabeth Bell, who emigrated to Canada after the close of the war, belonged to similar stock. The worthy subject of this sketch attended the common schools, and afterwards the Normal school, leaving the latter institution in October, 1848. In December of the same year, he jcyned the teaching staff of the Newburgh Academy, having charge, in the model de- partment, of English and mathematics, and continued to teach in this institution for a period of eleven years and nine months. He held a first-class grade A certificate from the County Educational Board, as the Normal school did not at this time issue certificates. From 1862 to 1865 Mr. McGuin was chair- man of the Board of Public Instruction for the united Counties of Frontenac, Lennox and Addington ; was appointed clerk of the First Division Court in Bath, in August, I860, and clerk of the County Court, and 440 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF deputy-clerk of the Crown and Pleas etc., in September, 1864. These offices he still holds, with credit to himself, and to the entire satisfaction of the community. There is likewise to be added to our subject's connection with schools the trusteeship for two years on the Napanee board. He was president and teacher in the Mechan- ics' Institute for two years, giving during that time instruction in writing, correspond- ence, in book-keeping, and in other branches proper to a mercantile or business career. He is a Freemason of excellent standing, having been a member of Maple Leaf lodge, No. 119, since 1864. From political strife, whether municipal, provincial or federal, he has always held aloof. He was bred in the Presbyterian faith, but in 1852 joined the Church of England, and is now a low churchman in that communion. He married in 1852, Margaret Hope, but she died in 1861, leaving a son and a daughter. He married again on May 1st, 1867, Marion, daughter of the Rev. Canon Bleasdell, rector of Trenton, and there is issue one son. Mr. McGuin obtained, on the 28th June, 1858, a civil service certificate under the Act of 20th Victoria, chapter 24. In social life Mr. McGuin is highly esteemed, and modesty is not one of the least virtues that adorn his character. Moss, Thomas, late Chief Justice of Ontario, was born at Cobourg, on the 20th of August, 1836. He was a son of the late John Moss, who at the time of his son's birth, carried on the business of a brewer at Cobourg, and who subsequently removed to Toronto and resided there till his death. The boy destined to become so distinguished re- ceived his early educational training in the town of Cobourg ; but he apparently owed the largest intellectual debt to his paternal grandfather, a gentleman of much culture. It was the delight of his old age to in- struct his grandson, (whose mental alertness when a mere child caused the admiring sur- prise of friends), in English and Latin gram- mar, history, arithmetic, and the ordinary branches of education. In due rime the subject of our sketch entered Upper Canada College, and here distinguished himself by untiring industry, by unusual swiftness of comprehension, and by the soundness of his understanding ; and when he left this institution, it was as a distinguished prize- man. "Upper Canada College," says a late lamented writer, "had a reputation for severity in those days, and more than one of the masters had a reputation for not spoiling the child by sparing the rod. At any rate the future judge acquired in the halls of the college, a sound basis of learn- ing, and what is better, systematic habits of studious industry. When he left the insti- tution, bearing off with him the Govenor- General's prize, he was the most popular, as well as the best mentally equipped pupil, who ever left the highest form." In 1854, he entered the University of Toronto, re- ceiving the first scholarship in the depart- ments of classics and mathematics. His career here was one splendid triumph, and when graduating he took no less than three gold medals, for classics, mathematics and modern languages, respectively. Those who were classmates of this gifted under graduate yet dwell with emotion on the generous and manly qualities of their departed friend. Upon concluding his course the young graduate entered the office of Crooks &> Cameron. The same conscientious study, the same tireless industry, the same great intellectual grasp, that had characterized him in his collegiate and university career, were manifested again. A dissolution of the firm of Crooks & Cameron took place some time afterwards, but Mr. Moss re- mained with Hector Cameron, becoming a partner with that gentleman upon his ad- mission to the bar, in 1861. He afterwards entered into partnership with the Honour- able James Patton, and Mr. (now Judge) Osler ; and subsequently with the late Chief Justice Harrison, the firm being known as Harrison, Osler & Moss. In 1871, he was appointed Equity lecturer for the Law So- ciety ; in 1872, he was created, by Sir John Macdonald, a Q.C. ; and in the same year declined the offer of a vice-chancellorship. While his greatest triumphs were won at the equity bar, yet he was a well-known and successful counsel in the courts of com- mon law. After repeated solicitations he, in 1873, determined to enter on a public career, and in that year he was elected to the House of Commons for West Toronto, and was re-elected in 1874. Some time after he had achieved this victory, he was appoint- ed a judge of the Court of Appeal, andbade adieu to parliamentary life forever. He be- came president of the court on the death of Chief Justice Draper, and chief justice of Ontario on the demise of Chief Justice Har- rison. The whole promise of his life, as student and as practitioner, burst into fru- ition when he attained, though only in his forty-first year, the most exalted position attainable by a member of the legal profes- sion. The wonderful activity of his mind, and the vastness of the work which he CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 441 accomplished began to tell upon his con- stitution, and in November, 1880, he was advised to seek the soothing climate of the south of France. But climate could not eradicate the fatal seeds sown in his health ; and, far away from most of his friends and from the country so proud of his talents, he died at Nice, on the 4th January, 1881. '•'Few British judges," says the writer al- ready alluded to, "can boast within the narrow limits of six years, a range of judi- cial experience so varied in character, or of a discharge of public duty, more thoroughly painstaking and conscientious. The chief justice at once struck the key-note of the case before him ; yet he did not improvise law for the occasion. Having got at the heart of the mystery, he at once fortified himself by authorities which he examined and appraised in the most delicately adjust- ed intellectual balance." At the opening of the January sittings of the Court of Appeal, Mr. Justice Burton, one of his most intimate friends, in adjourning the court, out of re- verence for the memory of the dead, de- livered the following address : " My col- leagues agree with me that it is not fitting to proceed with the ordinary duties of the day without some allusion to the loss the profession, the public, and especially the members of this court, have sustained by the death of the eminent judge who but a few days since filled the position of president of the court and Chief Justice of Ontario. It is perhaps a singular coincidence that within a few weeks death has robbed this and the mother country of two of the most distin- guished judges, both of them men in the prime of life, to whom there appeared to be opening a brilliant future, and as to each of whom I may say, I think without exaggera- tion, a national loss has been sustained. Each of them, however, has left an imper- ishable monument of his learning and ability in the reports of their published judgments, which may well be referred to as models of judicial style. Many of those who now hear me have listened with pleasure and admira- tion to the oral judgments delivered from where I am now sitting by the distinguish- ed judge whose death we are now deploring, and must have been struck with the simplic- ity, ease, and grace of manner, combined with depth of thought and elegance of dic- tion, with which those utterances were de- livered ; but few beyond his intimate ac- quaintances were aware of the untiring en- ergy with which he investigated those cases requiring more careful preparation, or that the rising sun has occasionally found him still engaged in examining and verifying the authorities upon which he proposed to base his decisions. His loss is too recent, and my appreciation of it too keen, to permit me to make more than a passing reference to his personal and social qualities. ' To know him was to love him.' My heart is too full for me to venture to say more. We may, one and all of us, whether on the bench, at the bar, or the youngest student entering for the first time the portals of the profession, safely adopt him as our model, combining as he did in his own person the kind and courteous gentleman, the brilliant and able advocate, the upright and impartial judge. I wish that I had the command of language to do justice to his many virtues and his great intellectual gifts ; but 1 yield to none of his numerous friends in admiration of his character and in tender and affectionate re- gard for his memory." Amidst the cease- less labour of Mr. Moss's professional and judicial career, he was never insensible to the claims of the cause of higher education ; and for the last seven years of his life, as vice-chancellor of his alma mater, the Uni- versity of Toronto, he rendered eminent services in this direction-services recog- nised and kept in remembrance by the establishment, since his demise, by the friends and alumni of that institution, of a scholarship which bears his name. In July, 1863, Mr. Moss married Amy, eldest daugh- ter of the late Honourable Robert Baldwin Sullivan. Stanton, George, M.D., C.M., M.C., P.S.O., Simcoe, Ontario, was born in the town of Simcoe, April 6th, 1847. His pa- rents were Francis Gore and Mary Robert- son, the maiden name of his mother being Geddes. She was a daughter of Andrew Geddes, who came to Canada from Scotland in 1810, and settled in Elora, Wellington county, of which he was appointed registrar. This position he retained until his death, in 1863. Mrs. Stanton died in 1883. Our sub- ject's grandfather, William Henry Stanton, came to Canada, as midshipman in one of King George's ships, about 1790. He was stationed at Amherstburg, and at the time of his death was deputy assistant commis- sary general. The father of George Stanton commenced the study of law in 1831. After admission to the bar, he removed to Hamil- ton, where he commenced the practice of his profession. He remained in that city till 1846, when he removed to Simcoe, where he continued to practice. He soon entered into partnership with David Tisdale, and this association continued till 1864, when. 442 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Mr. Stanton received the appointment of deputy judge for the County of Norfolk. Six years later he retired. He had a family of five children, the only surviving one be- ing the subject of this memoir. Three died in infancy, and another, Francis Anna, married G. W. Kent, by whom she had a son and daughter. She is also dead. George Stanton was instructed by private tuition, and afterwards entered the Gram- mar school of Simcoe, where he remained till he reached his seventeenth year. He then repaired to Montreal, and entered the medical department of McGill University, In 1868 he graduated with his M.D.C.M. degree, taking honours. He then returned to Simcoe, where he began the practice of his profession ; and in this town he has practiced since. Dr. Stanton was one of the members of the old Fenwick rifles, com- manded by Captain, now Colonel, Tisdale, and afterwards a lieutenant in No. 6 Com- pany, 39th battalion. In 1877 he was ap- pointed coroner for the County of Norfolk. He is a Freemason, and an adherent of the Church of England. Whenever he interests himself in politics, his exertions are upon the side of the Reform party. He married, on the 19th August, 1874, Sarah Jane, daughter of the late George Culver, of the township of Woodhouse, yeoman, and one of the oldest residents of the county. Geo. Culver was the first white child born in the town of Simcoe. The fruit of our subject's union is two children, one having died in infancy. We may add that, after gradu- ing, he practised for a time with Dr. Clarke, now sheriff, at Prince Arthur's Landing. He also went to New Brunswick, where he act- ed for eighteen months upon the engineer- ing staff of the Intercolonial Railway. Dr. Stanton is energetic in action, and said to be very learned and skilful in his profession. Paint, Henry Nicholas, J.P., M.P. ■for Richmond, Port Hawkesbury, N.S., was born on the 10th of April, 1830, at Belle Vue, Strait of Canso, Cape Breton. The family from which Mr. Paint has sprung is of Norman origin, having settled in the Island of Guernsey about the year 1212, and were prominent in the time of Edward III., in 1331. His father was Nicholas Paint, J.P. for the whole island of Cape Breton, and his mother was Mary LeMessurier, also of the Island of Guernsey. The father of Henry Nicholas Paint came to the colonies in 1816, settling at Arichat, Nova Scotia, represent- ing the house of Janvrin & Co., of London and Jersey. Our subject received private tuition in his early years, was then sent to the Grammar school at Guernsey, returning home and completing his studies at Wolf- ville Academy, Nova Scotia. His studies were of the usual order belonging to the college course, but he devoted himself es- pecially to English, French, and Latin. From 1853 to 1869 he was a lieutenant-cap- tain of militia, but was obliged, owing to the pressure of his other affairs, to sever his connection. He is a gentleman of a wide public spirit, and remarkable for his enter- prise. He has been prominently connected with two marine railways for repairing ships, at the Strait of Canso and North Sydney, still in operation, and has been secretary and treasurer in both for twenty-six years ; is engaged in a commission and insurance agency, and from early years has given much serious and careful attention to poli- tical questions. He married, on the 17th March, 1856, at Halifax, Christina St. Clair, youngest daughter of the late Donald Mc- Vean, of Oban, and afterwards of Islay, Scotland. There has been issue two daugh- ters and one son, deceased. Both daughters are married and residing in England. Mr. Paint, we may add, has been engaged in large ship-building enterprises, and has owned and sailed ships in many portions of the globe. He has been largely interest- ed in coal mines, and opened up the cele- brated Victoria mines at Sydney, C.B. He is likewise connected with several railroads. He was first returned to parliament at the last general election ; and he gives a steady support to Sir John A. Macdonald. We can say with justice that Mr. Paint bids fair to be one of the most useful members in the House of Commons. McFadden, William Henry, B.A., LL.B., Brampton, was born in the town of Picton, Prince Edward county, Ontario, in 1851. He is a son of the Reverend William McFadden, by Susan, daughter of the late Edward Wilson, Armagh, Ireland, who came to the British colonies in 1817, and settled in the City of Kingston. The Rev. William McFadden, was born in the County of Armagh, Ireland, and came to this country with his father about 1815, settling in the County of Leeds, where he engaged in farming. Our subject's grand- father had a family of thirteen children, and one of them, William, already alluded to, entered the ministry of the Wesleyan church in 1832, wherein he laboured until 1872, when he was superannuated. He died in the town of Brampton, on the 7th of December, 1885 ; and Mrs. McFadden died in 1872. William Henry McFadden CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 443 was an only son of this union. He re- ceived a very thorough early educational training, entering Victoria College, Co- ourg, at the age of sixteen. At nineteen he graduated B.A., and at twenty-one received his LL.B. Having a strong in- clination for the study of the law, he was enrolled in the Law Society at Toronto, and afterwards entered the office of the late John Coyne, M.P. P., Brampton, where he remained for two and a half years, when he proceeded to Toronto, and entered the office of Mowat, McLennan & Downey, of that city. Here he remained about sixteen months, when, in Michaelmas term, 1874, he was called to the bar, and admitted as solicitor. After his call to the bar he went to Goderich, and entered into partnership with M. C. Cameron, M. P., of that place, and the new firm bore the style of Cameron ■& McFadden, which partnership lasted for three years. After the dissolution took place, Mr. McFadden entered into partner- ship with S. Malcomson, of Goderich, the new firm being known as Malcomson & McFadden, and which association lasted for two years. Our subject then removed to the town of Brampton, where he has contin- ued ever since in a practice which is firmly established and every day increasing. Mr. McFadden was appointed lieutenant of No. 3 company, Peel battalion, but resigned his commission in 1884. In July, 1882, he was appointed county crown attorney for the County of Peei, and likewise clerk of the peace. He is secretary of the Haggart Bros. Manufacturing Company ; is a shareholder in, and the solicitor of, the Central Bank of Canada ; is a member of the Freemasons, lodge No. 229, and is also a member of the Oddfellows, Golden Star lodge, No. 101. Of this lodge he is past noble grand master ; and is regent of the Royal Arcanum Coun- cil, No. 875. His religious views are those of Methodism. Mr. McFadden married, in 1875, Jennie, eldest daughter of K. Chis- holm, M.P. P., Brampton, and has by this lady three children. Professionally, the subject of this sketch stands very high in his own town, as well as in the country sur- rounding. He has the repute of being well read in law, he has unbounded industry, and his tact and good judgment in the man- agement of his cases are conspicuous. So- cially, likewise, he is a favourite. Bergin, Darby, M.D., Cornwall, was born in Toronto, on the 7th September, 1826. He is the son of the late William Bergin, C.E., who was a native of Roscrea, Ireland, and who, in 1820, left his home for Canada, and settled in Toronto, where for some time he carried on a mercantile business. Dr. Bergin's mother was Mary, daughter of the late John Flanagan, of Charlottenburg, County of Glengarry, On- tario. William Bergin died in 1850, leav- ing surviving him his wife, a daughter, the subject of this sketch, and another son, John, who is practising law in Cornwall. Mrs. Bergin died in 1881. After attaining the necessary knowledge to permit of his entering Upper Canada College, young Ber- gin became a student in that institution, where he had for his classmates young men who afterwards rose to positions of distinc- tion in various walks of life. Deciding to adopt the medical profession, Mr. Bergin matriculated at McGill college, Montreal, and immediately entered upon his studies, which were prosecuted with unremitting zeal and marked success. In April, 1846, he passed his examination before the Lower Canada medical board, and obtained license to practice when little more than nineteen years old. The following spring, in 1847, he completed the curriculum of McGill college, but not having attained his major- ity, he was consequently unable to graduate until he became of age. He received his degree of M.D.C.M., in September, 1847, a special convocation being held for that purpose. The young doctor settled in Cornwall, where he soon secured an ex- tensive practice, and attained to a dis- tinguished position. In 1848, in conjunc- tion with the late Dr. Roderick McDonald, he had charge of the emigrant typhus fever hospital at Cornwall, and a few years later, when small-pox broke out in the Indian village of St. Regis, he was sent by Lord Bury, superintendent-general of Indian Affairs, to look after them. For this service he received the thanks of the department. Dr. Bergin's career as a medical practitioner has been eminently successful, and his standing among his professional brethren high, as the following facts will prove :- He was first president of the Eastern Dis- trict Medical Association, and is president of the St. Lawrence and Eastern District Med- cal Association. He has been examiner in midwifery and general surgical anatomy, for the Ontario College of Physicians and Sur- geons. Upon his election as the represen- tative of the St. Lawrence and Eastern Medical Association, he was e'ected vice- president of the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the following year president, to which position he was re- elected this year (1885). Dr. Bergin was 444 A CYCLOPEDIA OF for many years physician to the Cornwall gaol. When the recent rebellion in the North-West broke out, it became necessary to organize a medical department connected with the militia service. That work was en- trusted to Dr. Bergin, who received the rank of surgeon-general. The success of his labours was remarkable, considering the short time at his disposal to select his staff and to arrange all the minute details. Dr. Boyd, of London, England, who was sent to Canada with medical stores, by H.R.H. the Princess Louise, declared that the arrange- ments, as made by Dr. Bergin, were com- plete and in every respect satisfactory, and that he had never known of a more thor- oughly equipped medical field service than that sent out under the direction of Surgeon- General Bergin. For many years Dr. Ber- gin has been actively identified with the volunteer force. At the time of the Trent difficulty, when war between Britain and the United States seemed imminent, Dr. Bergin took command of a company raised for active service. His connection with the force since that time has been continuous. He served in the 3rd Provisional battalion at Laprairie, from December, 1863, to May, 1864, as captain, and during the Fenian raid of 1866 as major, having been pro- moted to that rank. In 1869 he organized the 59th Stormont and Glengarry battalion, of which he became lieutenant-colonel. In the town where he resides Dr. Bergin takes an active interest in every movement tend- ing to promote its advancement. With most of the local manufacturing and other enterprises his name is prominently identi- fied, and through his influence the town has been put in possession of commodious pub- lic buildings. He has occupied several positions of honour, conferred upon him by his fellow-townsmen. He has been a member of the Cornwall Town Council ; trustee of the Grammar school; president of the local Rifle Association, etc. Dr. Bergin was first returned to the House of Commons for Cornwall in 1872, by acclama- tion. At the general election of 1874, Dr. Bergin was defeated by A. F. Macdonald, by a majority of twenty-three votes. Mr. Macdonald having been unseated, a new election took place in September, with the same result,-Mr. Macdonald's majority being forty. At the general election of 1878, Dr. Bergin defeated D. B. McLennan. Having been unseated, a new election took place, in January, 1880, when Dr. Bergin again defeated Mr. McLennan, by an in- creased majority. He was re-elected at the general election of 1882, for the new con- stituency of Cornwall and Stormont, defeat- ing the late James Bethune, Q.C. Dr. Ber- gin has proved a most useful member of parliament. As a speaker he is fluent ; he makes his points with marked perspicuity, and he is the possessor of a good voice. He has taken great interest in the question of factory legislation, and on two occasions in- troduced bills on the subject. He is the principal promoter of the Ontario and Pa- cific railway. In politics Dr. Bergin is a, supporter of the Conservative administra- tion. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He is a bachelor. His numerous social qualities have secured for him a host of friends. Henderson, Rev. W. C., M.A., St. Mary's, Ontario, a minister of the Meth- odist church, was born in the County of Huntington, in the Province of Quebec, on the 11th of February, 1834. His parents were Archibald and Adeline, the maiden name of his mother being Stearns. When a lad, our subject attended for some time the seminary at Cazenovia, New York state, taking a general course of study. At the age of seventeen, through the ministry of the Rev. James Brock, he was led to a sav- ing knowledge of the truth as it is in Jesus, and a few months after was led by the Spirit of God into the work of preach- ing to others. While yet in his teens, he had the happiness of seeing many led through his labours to seek salvation. In 1854 he went to Victoria University, Co- bourg, where he remained for three years. In 1857 he left the college and was received upon probation, as a minister by the Con- ference of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, and appointed junior minister on the Port Hope circuit. In 1858 he was appointed to Belleville, and in 1859 returned to col- lege at Cobourg, and completed the course of study, graduating in 1860, and receiving the degree of B.A. In 1868 he obtained the degree of M.A. from the same Univer- sity. He was ordained in 1860, in the City of Kingston, the late Rev. Dr. Stinson, being president of the conference. By this conference, likewise, he was appointed to London city, with the Rev.. G. R. Sander- son, as superintendent. At that time the whole of the city constituted one circuit with two ministers. In 1861, on the 1st of July, Mr. Henderson married Emma Overend, of the City of Kingston, and re- turned to London for the year. Since that time he has had the following appoint- ments Kingston, Hemmingford, Odell- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 445 family of eleven, nine boys and two girls, all of whom are living. His parents were William Carpmael and Sarah, whose maiden name was Pitt ; William Carpmael being well known as a patent agent, author of Carpmael's Patent Cases, &c. Our subject was educated at Clapham Grammar school, under Charles Pritchard, M. A., now Savilian professor of Astronomy at Oxford, and Al- fred Wrigley, M.A., formerly professor of Mathematics at Adiscombe. The studies to which his attention was more particularly turned were mathematics and natural and experimental sciences. In the spring of 1865 he obtained a minor scholarship at St. John's College, Cambridge, and went into residence in that institution in October of that year. His studies during the next three years and a quarter were almost entirely mathematical. In June, 1868, he obtained a foundation scholarship ; and in January, 1869, he enter- ed for the mathematical tripos, and was classed sixth in the list of wranglers. The next year Mr. Carpmael devoted himself to the study of chemistry and physics. In the following year, 1870, and during the first six months of 1871, he studied law, having some time previously entered at the Middle Temple. In November, 1870, he was elect- ed Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. It is worthy of note that two other Fellows of this college, who were also sixth wrang- lers, have resided in Toronto, viz., Mr. J. B. Cherriman, late professor of Mathema- tics in the University of Toronto, and the Rev. C. W. E. Body, the present provost of Trinity College. In December, 1870, he was a member of the British Eclipse Expe- dition to Spain. The station from which the party to which he belonged made their observations was Esteponia, on the Medi- terranean coast, about thirty-five miles from Gibraltar, and Mr. Carpmael took a spectro- scopic observation of the corona. Owing to unfavorable weather, the observation was not very satisfactory. Our subject has felt much interest in volunteer movements, and has been a member of two corps, though he has seen no active service. He was appoint- ed deputy superintendent of the Meteoro- logical Service of Canada, in October, 1872 ; and director of the Magnetic Observatory and superintendent of the Meteorological Service, in February, 1880, which offices he still holds. Mr. Carpmael has travelled at various times in France, Holland, North Germany, Switzerland, the north of Italy, and in Spain. He first visited the United States and Canada in the autumn of 1871, and remained until May, 1872. During this town, Cornwall, Stratford, Goderich, Sar- nia, Strathroy, and St. Mary's. During the three years that he was stationed in Cornwall, he held the position of local superintendent of the public schools of the town, and as such was one of the examiners of public school teachers. When he was appointed to Sarnia, in 1877, he was elected by the conference to the office of chairman of the district, which position he held, being elected annually, for the six years he was stationed in that district. He has also been chairman of the district since that time. He was honoured by his brethren in being elected as a member of the General conference of the Methodist church of Canada, of 1878, held in the City of Mon- treal, and of that of 1882, held in Hamil- ton. He was also a member of the Special General conference of 1883, held in Belle- ville, to consider the basis of union. He was also a member of the United General conference of the Methodist church, held also in the City of Belleville. He has seen two unions in the Methodism of Canada. First, the union between the Wesleyan and New Connexion branches, forming the Methodist church of Canada ; and secondly the union between the Metho- dist church of Canada, the Primitive Methodist church, the Bible Christian church and the Methodist Episcopal church, forming the Methodist church. The London conference of the Methodist church of Canada, held its last session, prior to union, in the City of Guelph, com- mencing on the 4th of June, 1884. At this conference our subject was elected president, and so, was the last president of the Lon- don conference of the Methodist church of Canada. The Guelph conference of the Methodist church held its first session in Clinton, commencing on the 18th of June, of the same year, and at this conference he was elected president, and so . was the first president of the Guelph conference of the Methodist church, being elected president twice in the same year. Mr. Henderson has always been devoted to his work, and in it has been successful. His religious views are in entire harmony with the doc- trines of the Methodist church. Carpmael, Charles,M.A., F.R.S.C., F.R.A.S., late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, Director of the Magnetic Ob- servatory, Toronto, and Superintendent of the Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada, was born on September 19th, 1846, at Streatham Hill, Surrey,'England, being the eighth son and tenth child of a 446 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF tour he visited Toronto, which visit ulti- mately led to his settling in Canada, as upon his return to England he was offered the position of deputy superintendent of the then newly established Meteorological Ser- vice. His religious views are those of the Church of England. He married in June, 1876, Julia, youngest daughter of Walter McKenzie, of Castle Frank, Toronto, clerk of the County court. This lady died at Aiken, S. C., in February, 1882, leaving two child- ren, one boy and one girl. In 1882, when His Excellency the Marquis of Lorne, es- tablished the Royal Society of Canada, he appointed Mr. Carpmael one of the presi- dents of section III of that society. He was elected by the section vice-president for the following year ; again vice-president for the year 1885, and president for the year 1886. The,Meteorological department, at the head of which Mr. Carpmael has been plac- ed, is one of the most important branches of the public service, and government, it is gen- erally admitted, was wise in its choice of a chief. The only other comment we feel called upon to offer, in this connection, is to say that this service has become one of such important utility that it is every day re- vealed to us that it does not extend far enough. We trust that government will find itself soon in a position to be able to deal more liberally with an organization of such very great importance. Miall,Edward, Deputy-Minister,Com- missioner of Inland Revenue and Commis- sioner of Standards, Ottawa, was born at Leicester, England, in 1838. He is a son of the late Edward Miall, M.P.for Bradford in the English House of Commons. He received his education in England, and in 1859 came to Canada, taking up his abode in Oshawa. In 1860 he married Miss A. Arkland, of Oshawa, by whom he has had five children. In 1870 Mr. Miall entered the civil service of Canada, and two years later was ap- pointed assistant commissioner of Inland Revenue. It will not be overstepping the bounds to say that Mr. Miall was a very different stamp of man from some of those who enter the service, and revolve upward as the wheels in their appointed seasons turn. He was a gentleman of wide experi- ence and close observation, and his depart- ment and the government soon came to recognize in him these very desirable quali- ties. His abilities were utilized on behalf of the government during the session of the historical Fishery commission which met at Halifax, in 1877; and the manner in which he performed the duties assigned him there was in the highest degree satisfactory. During 1880-81 the well-known Canadian Pacific Railway commission sat and con- ducted investigations, and in consideration of his experience and judgment Mr. Miall was chosen as a member of that body. In 1883 he received the fullest recognition gov- ernment could make of his attainments, by receiving the appointment, which he now holds, of deputy-minister and commissioner of Inland Revenue and of Standards. The duties pertaining to this office are onerous, numerous and perplexing, but Mr. Miall's administration has been extremely satisfac- tory, and there is an end of the numerous and loud complaints, which, whether justly or unjustly, were made respecting the de- partment before he assumed its management. Gaskin, Captain John, ex-Mayor of the City of Kingston, was born in Kingston, on the third day of April, 1840. His parents, Robert Gaskin and Margaret Burton, were born in the County Tyrone, in the north of Ireland, and came to Canada in the year 1835. One of their family came to this country with them. The family consisted of eight-four boys and four girls-of whom six are now living, and five married and having large families. His father was a soldier in the rebellion of '37-38, and turned out with other loyal citi- zens to defend their homes and firesides. The subject of this sketch received his edu- cation chiefly at the preparatory school, con- ducted by the Reverend Mr. Borthwick, but when young went to work with ex-Mayor John Flanigan, and remained with him some years. While with him he received his first lessons in business. On leaving Mr. Flani- gan's employ he went on board the steamer Scotland, then commanded by Captain F. Patterson, who gave him his first education in steamboat matters. After that he held positions of responsibility on the steamers Huron, George Moffatt, Brantford, and Banger, all owned by the late firm of Hen- derson and Holscomb, forwarders On the last-named boat he held the position of cap- tain for two years. A period of five years elapsed between the time when he com- menced sailing and the time when he be- came captain of the Banger, and he was captain of the Banger at twenty-four years of age. The second year that he com- manded the Banger was the year of the Fenian raid. He was bound down the St. Lawrence with his steamer, but, while passing Prescott, the authorities at that place fired across his bows and wanted him to stop, as it was considered unsafe to run CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 447 down the river. Hearing, however, that there was trouble at Cornwall, or at Malone, near Cornwall, and that the volunteers from Kingston were there, and being one of their number, he was anxious to be among his comrades, and so continued his course until he reached Cornwall, and stopped there. On reaching Cornwall he found that the volunteers had just arrived, and that there was great excitement. The orders of the commanding officer were to allow no boats of any description to pass without re- porting. This was done, and the com- manding officer asked him what his cargo consisted of, and he replied : "Pork, peas, and whisky." The officer replied that the cargo was just what was required, as the pork would feed the men, the peas would do if they were short of shot, and the whisky would put life in the boys. The captain offered his boat in case she was required to take soldiers to any place. The following morning the volunteers found that the provisions were not as good as some of them got at home, and he had No. 1, his own company down to the steamer, where they were entertained with the best the boat could afford. The boat was kept there for two days, and then released. Before he left there was a large number of boats assembled, and a gun-boat was sent with them as far as Montreal. After getting ten miles down Coteau Lake the gun-boat ran ashore on an island, and'fired a signal-gun asking the steamers to come to her assistance. The Ranger went and pulled her off. Very shortly afterwards the gun-boat got ashore again, and another gun was fired. This time the Ranger did not go to her assist- ance, as they wanted to proceed on their voyage, and it was a dangerous place for a loaded boat to approach. As she was pass- ing, however, the gun-boat fired a shot across her bows and made her stop. The Ranger then came to and got the gun-boat off a second time. While working at her the captain of the Ranger went aboard with a small boat, and in conversation with the captain of the gun-boat, Captain Gaskin remark ed that the pilot must be a Fenian. He heard no more of this remark for two days, but while re-loading the Ranger in Montreal a soldier approached him and said that the pilot of the gun-boat was being tried by court-martial for being a Fenian. He accompanied the soldier to the St. Lawrence hall, where the man was being tried, and explained that what he had said was simply a oke-that he did not know anything about the man. That same fall the Ranger was lost on Lake Erie on a trip from Toledo to Montreal in a very severe gale near Port Stanley, but all hands were saved, though with much difficulty. Next year he went on board the steamer Georgian,. belonging to the same line, but three years, afterwards became connected with the Montreal Transportation Company, of Mon- treal, and commanded the steamer Bruno. He remained in that capacity for two years, being part owner. At the end of the two years she was sold, and he then became outside manager of the company in Kings- ton. This is the largest transportation firm in Canada, having some fifty-five vessels, consisting of tugs, barges, sailing vessels, and elevators, and for some years they have done all their building and re- pairing in Kingston, and have built there some of the largest vessels ever built in Canada. Captain Gaskin was an aiderman of the city for several years, and was mayor in 1882, and polled the largest vote ever polled in Kingston, defeating his opponent, Wm. McRossie, by 512. He has been con- nected with the Orange order since he was eighteen years of age, and passed through, the different grades and became county master for South Frontenac. He has always been considered a leading spirit in the order since he joined it, although almost a boy at the time. He is fearless and outspoken in defending the order, and, as the Orangemen of Kingston own considerable property, and have one of the finest halls in the Dominion, but cannot hold estate in their own name on account of not having Orange incorpora- tion, he holds all their papers. He has also been president of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society, and also the first president of the Protestant Protective So- ciety. He has always been a Conservative, as his father before him, and he is now vice- president of the Liberal Conservative Asso- ciation of Kingston. He has also always been connected with the English church. He married, on the 14th April, 1867, Mary McAlister, of Kingston, and has two boys and two girls. His wife died in 1875 ; he has not married since. There is no man in Kingston who has been abused more by the opposition press, but he always succeeds in keeping " his end up." Whiting, John Lanyon, Aiderman, Kingston, Ontario, was born at Amherst- burg, in the County of Essex, in the afore- mentioned province, on the 23rd February, 1851. He is a son of the Reverend Richard Whiting, a distinguished minister of the Methodist church, by his wife, Mary Philp. 448 A CYCLOPEDIA OF both parents being of English birth. John L. Whiting received his early educational training at the Provincial High Schools, where his father was stationed, but he subsequently attended Victoria University, from which institution he graduated in 1873, B. A., being first in his year, and the winner of the Prince of Wales gold medal. Having completed his college career, he entered upon the study of law in the office of T. Deacon, Q.C., at Pembroke ; and from here passed to the office of Britton & Price, Kingston, where he completed his studies. He was called to the bar in Michaelmas term, 1877, and entered the firm of Britton & Whiting in 1878, continuing in such co-partnership since. Having taken much interest in muni- cipal matters, and being a man of marked ability, and still further promise, he was in- duced to offer himself for a seat in the city council ; and for the years 1883, 1884 and 1885, has sat for St. Lawrence ward. He is extremely popular, and is looked upon as one of the ablest members in the civic board. In religion, he adheres to the faith of his father ; and in politics he is a Liberal, being vice-president of the Reform Association of the City of Kingston. Pense, Edward J. Barker, Editor and Proprietor of the British Whig news- paper, Kingston, Ontario, was born at Kingston, on the 3rd June, 1848. He is a son of Michael Lorenzo Pense, who was at one time proprietor of the Kingston A rgus, and for a long period connected with the British Whig, and grandson of a well- known U.E. loyalist, Captain Michael Grass, whose sacrifices for the crown in New York during the revolutionary war were rewarded at that period by grants of land upon the site of the present City of Kingston. His mother, Harriet Grace, was a daughter of Dr. Barker, who was for thirty-eight years publisher of the Whig, and long the Nestor -of the Canadian press. The subject of this sketch was, from the age of fourteen, (1862) attached to the Whig staff, to the proprie- torship of which he succeeded in 1872, in- creasing the value and circulation of that paper nearly seven-fold in twelve years. After sitting for five years as aiderman for Frontenac ward, he was elected mayor in 1881, being the youngest person who has filled that chair in Kingston. He sat for six years at the Public School Board, and was chairman during the years 1878 and 1879. He was president of the Young Men's Liberal Club of Kingston, from 1877 to 1884 ; of St. George's Society in 1878 and 1882 ,- of the Kingston Lacrosse Club for a number of years ; and of other athletic associations at different periods. Mr. Pense was master of Minden Masonic lodge in 1878 and 1879 ; was warden and lay dele- gate to the Synod for St. James' (Anglican) church for many years, and was prominent in the creation of several important paro- chial improvements. He is a trustee of Kingston Collegiate Institute ; a life gover- nor of Kingston General Hospital ; was president of the Canadian Press Association in 1881-1882, the year of the memorable trip of the press men to Manitoba, and when Pense station was named in token of the visit. He married, in 1876, Cornelia, daughter of Ray G. Vaughan, of Kingston. The improvement in the Whig, already al- luded to, under Mr. Pense's management, has been, we may repeat, very conspicuous. The paper is conducted with ability, with marked breadth of view, and with dignity. The building from which it is issued is very handsome and commodious, and reflects great credit upon its tasty and enterprising proprietor. Mr. Pense is a staunch Re- former, and it goes without saying that his journal advocates the same cause. As a writer, the subject of this sketch is clear, terse and vigorous. Shannon. Lewis William, B.A., Publisher of the Kingston Daily News, and Chronicle and News, was born in Kingston on the 3rd of February, 1859. He is the second son of James Shannon, postmaster of Kingston, who came to Canada from Maghera, County Londonderry, Ireland, in the latter part of the year 1857. He re- ceived his early education in the public schools of his native city, passing from thence to the Grammar school, where he continued his studies under Samuel Woods, M. A., the well-known classical scholar and editor. In 1873, at the age of four- teen, he matriculated in Queen's Univer- sity, taking second place in a class of twenty-one, of which he was the youngest member, and carrying off the Campbell scholarship of $40 and a free course of lec- tures. In 1877 he graduated as bachelor of arts, and in the same year entered the Royal college of physicians and surgeons as a student. But rapid growth during his arts course had weakened his constitution, and feeling unable to continue the hard study required in a medical course, he left at Christmas and became assistant teacher in the Hawkesbury High school, where he remained during the year 1878. At Christ- mas, 1878, he secured the appointment of mathematical master in the Almonte High CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 449 school, which position he filled with much success until Christmas, 1879. His health being now fully restored, he gave up teach- ing and re-entered the Royal College, with the intention of continuing his medical course. But his studies were of short du- ration, for in February, 1880, he succeeded his father in the firm of Shannon & Meek, publishers of the Daily News and Chronicle and News, the elder Mr. Shannon having been appointed postmaster of Kingston. He continued to attend the medical college, however, until the end of the session, when he won the gold medal for honour work in chemistry, which is open for competition annually to the students of all the faculties of Queen's university. In October of the same year (1880). he bought out the interest of his partner, William Meek, and took full charge of the News printing and publishing business. From that time to the present the business has made rapid progress, the circu- lation of the two papers, daily and weekly, having increased nearly a hundred percent., and the papers themselves become the most attractive and enterprising between Toronto and Montreal. While in Almonte, Mr. Shannon joined the local volunteers as a private, and wore a red coat as right hand man of the company (No. 6 company, 42nd battalion). On his return to Kingston he continued his connection with the volun- teers, and entered the ranks as full private in No. 6 company of the 14th battalion, or, Princess of Wales' Own Rifles. He re- mained in the ranks two years, and in 1882 was appointed lieutenant, for which position he qualified himself by taking a course of instruction in B. battery, R.C.A., receiving his commission on the 1st of August. On the 27th of June, 1884, he was promoted to the captaincy of No 5 company, which, owing to the press of business duties, he re- signed in December, 1885. In 1880 he joined Minden lodge, No. 253, A.F. and A. M., and has since occupied several minor offices therein. He was junior warden in 1885, and is now (1886) senior warden. He is also a member of the A. and A. Scottish rite of Freemasonry, and has received the thirteenth degree. In politics he supports the Liberal-Conservative party, but has never taken any part in political movements except through the medium of the News. He is a member of the Church of England, and is still unmarried. Mr. Shannon is one of the most enterprising journalists in On- tario ; and as a writer he possesses much power, grace and skill. Occasions arise when he does not hesitate to strike with an iron hand, but, as a rule, the tone and temper of his work are characterized by moderateness, by dignity and by a sense of responsibility. Robinson, Hon. John Beverley, Lieutenant - Governor of the Province of Ontario, was born at the paternal home- stead, Beverley House, Toronto, on the 21st of February, 1820. He is the namesake and second son of the late Sir John Beverley Robinson, baronet, chief justice of Upper Canada. Mr. Bobinson was instructed in the primary branches by private tuition, and afterwards completed his course of studies at Upper Canada College. He was one of the earliest students that attended this institution, and had as a preceptor the distinguished scholar and master, the Rev. J. H. Harris. A love of manly sports, and a splendid physique, characterized the popular and level-headed Upper Canada student; and, as another writer has remark- ed, these qualities have accompanied him through life. Mr. Robinson, at the age of seventeen,was one of the aides-de-camp to Sir Francis Bond Head, and in this way was brought actively in contact with the civil troubles of 1837. He accompanied his excellency from Government House to Montgomery's hotel, Yonge street, on the 7th of the month, where the battle took place and the hotel and Gibson's dwelling house were burned ; and he was thus an eye witness of the spectacle which Sir Francis Bond Head has described with so much fer- vour and picturesqueness in "The Emi- grant." It was considered expedient to send despatches to the British representa- tive at Washington, but the office of bearer in a time of such turmoil was not one that timid natures coveted. The frontier was in a state of considerable tumult, owing to the presence there of bands of patriot sympathizers, who would treat an agent cr envoy of government with scant consideration. This danger was known to the available attaches of the governor ; but the young aide-de-camp, Mr. Robinson, no sooner learnt that his chief needed a volun- teer, than he offered himself. The danger was pointed out to him, but we can imag- ine his refusal to discuss such a contingency. He was then charged with the despatches, and in the face of the wintry season, set out for Washington. This was not the day of steam engines, and cosy palace cars, but every mile of the distance had to be passed by the trundling stage coach. From Lewis- ton to Washington occupied a period of eight days, with only short intermission for rest. How the volume of life has increas- A CYCLOPEDIA 01 450 ed in the great arteries of trade since that day, will be pretty plainly seen when we state that on the morning of the young aide-de-camp's arrival in the city of New York, there was not another passenger but himself in the coach, though it was the reg- ular means of travel. He remained for several weeks at the American capital, and on his return to Upper Canada joined, at Sandwich, Col. Hill's regiment, in which he was a lieutenant, and in which he served for about a year. Shortly after the turbu- lent spirit of this period had been calmed, Mr. Robinson turned to the study of the more peaceful pursuit of law, entering the office of Christopher Alexander Hagerman, a gentleman eminent in his profession and in politics, and who subsequently gave lus- tre to the bench. After spending two years with Mr. Hagerman, Mr. Robinson had his articles transferred to James M. Strachan, of Strachan & Cameron, which firm was, in those days, a very prominent one. Till the expiration of his term, he remained in their office, and at the Easter term of 1844 was called to the bar of Upper Canada. Not long after being admitted to the bar, Mr. Robinson began practice at Toronto, and continued in the same, forming several pro- fessional partnerships in the meantime, till his appointment to the lieutenant-governor- ship of Ontario, on the 30th of June, 1880, succeeding the Hon. Donald A. Macdonald. But the biographer would be very unworth- ily performing his task if he failed to call attention to the great energy and success of Mr. Robinson in several important enter- prises lying beyond his professional sphere. Indifference or opposition on the part of the people toward an undertaking in which he had faith, only kindled his enthusiasm, and drew forth his great activities. As a case in point, we may mention his connection with the project of building what was called the first " city railroad." This was the Northern railroad, a scheme to which some of the citizens offered the most violent op- position, and which the greal bulk of the people regarded as an impossible undertak- ing. There are many citizens of Toronto who will remember the ringing appeals made to the public by Mr. Robinson, and the many meetings that he called to discuss the great enterprise. In 1851 he had been elected for St. Patrick's ward, which at that time included the present wards of St. Pat- rick and St. John, holding his seat for six consecutive years. It was in his character as civic representative that he took the part which we have described in the Nor- them railway project ; and, but for the re- spect and confidence with which he had in- spired the citizens, the achievement might have come in a far more tardy fashion. It was his hand that framed the several reso- lutions providing for large money grants to the Northern and the Guelph and Toronto roads, and it was his persistent energy that carried them through the Council, who afterwards nominated him as their repre- sentative on the Board of Directors. His exertions on behalf of the company were held in such high regard that, in 1862, he was chosen president, which office he held to the entire satisfaction of all concerned, for a period of thirteen years, with another well known director, when he was displaced, for the good and logical reason that he dif- fered from the management in politics. But it was not alone in this respect that Mr. Robinson displayed his energy and his interest in the welfare of the province. For the year 1861, numerous articles may be seen in the newspapers bearing tribute to the yeoman service which the sturdy young barrister had done in the commu- nity. There was really no worthy enter- prise which needed a leader that did not find in him a champion, with his sleeves rolled up, in the fore front ; and it was a characteristic of his to strike out more bold- ly when timid ones hesitated. It is during times of experiment and tentative action, that a man with clear understanding and self-reliance stands out superior ; and it is only the amplest justice to say that such was the figure of Mr. Robinson during the periods which we try to describe. About the year 1861, Mr. Robinson proceeded to England with the object of putting a large tract of land in Ontario upon the market for sale. Many persons considered the enterprise a hopeless one, but their aston- ishment, and that of the public generally, may be surmised, when they learned that he had sold a million acres-now forming part of the County of Haliburton, and subject to the conditions of settlement as published by the Crown Lands Depart- ment. A circumstance in connection with this, and worthy of note is, that he was successful in obtaining as the first presi- dent of the company, a former lieutenant- governor of Upper Canada, Sir Francis Bond Head, and as vice-president, the present Earl of Salisbury, Premier of England, at that time, Lord Robert Cecil. It was con- sidered hardly possible that such an enor- mous sale had been made, and the Hon. Mr. Crawford, as we find by the Legislative CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, Council debates, enquired of the Hon. Mr. Vankoughnet in his place in the Senate, whether it were true that this sale had taken place, to which Mr. Vankoughnet answered, " That the sale of the townships to an English company, as mentioned in the annual report of the commissioner of Crown Lands, would be successfully carried out, thanks chiefly to the extraordinary zeal and energy shown by Mr. J. B. Robin- son, the junior member for Toronto." We find afterwards, by the budget speech of the finance minister, that the sale added to the treasury revenue the sum of £60,000 stg. It was Mr. Robinson's enterprise, too, that originated and established the Western Canada Building and Loan Association, which, commencing from small things has now a capital of millions, and is one of the most successful financial institutions in the country. There was a time in the history of Toronto, when the hotel accommodation was not commensurate with the needs of the city ; and while the people grumbled that the thing was so, Mr. Robinson went among the citizens, and personally collected the large sum of $13,600, which was paid over to the Messrs. Rossin for the purchase of land, and the construction and furnishing of a hotel upon it. Messrs. Rossin acknow- ledged their gratitude by a handsome tes- timonial which now adorns Government House. Mr. Robinson was for a time presi- dent of the city council, and in 1857 was elected mayor of the city. At the next general election he was a candidate for the Toronto representation in the old ■Canadian parliament, and was returned conjointly with the Hon. George Brown. It is worthy of note that Mr. Robinson was the seconder of the resolution, moved by Mr. Langevin, which defeated the "Short Administration '' led by George Brown, and occasioning what was afterwards known as the " double shuffle." Mr. Robinson, like his father, and ail the members of his family, was a conservative, and he yave a strong and steady support to the Cartier - Macdonald administration. While in parliament he was instrumental in procuring the passage of several acts in reference to the Toronto esplanade, the re-establishment of the Nor- thern railroad, and many other local improve- ments of importance. On the 27th March, 1862, he became president of the Council in the Cartier - Macdonald administration, holding that office till the month of May following. In 1872 he was returned to parliament for Algoma, having used his •energies in the development of the mining 451 and other interests of that county, and re- presenting this district till the dissolution. On the 17th of September, 1878, he was re- turned for West Toronto by the very large majority of 637 votes over Thomas Hodgins, the Reform candidate, this being the seventh election he had run in the interests of his party in the city of Toronto. He continued to represent West Toronto until his appoint- ment to the lieutenant-governorship. The Hon. Mr. Robinson was for a number of years solicitor to the corporation of the City of Toronto ; has held several offices in con- nection with financial and public institu- tions, and has been president of St. George's Society of Toronto. On the 30th June, 1874, he married Mary Jane Hagerman, daughter of his former principal in his legal studies. Mr. Robinson has never made any display of sleight-of-hand in politics. He has not sought to be prominent or popular, or much in men's mouths, by the small tricks with which some smaller men make themselves in their day illustrious. But the Hon John Beverley Robinson's career has been a strong and manly one ; and this term manly applies as much to his public career as it does to his private life. He has a sound and enlightened understanding, has a cool head, and, while a staunch partyist, has never been party blind. In tumult, or in times of political hurry, he has always been an eminently safe man, for he has the quality of being able to keep cool, and so remain master of the situation. In social life, whether as lieutenant-governor or as a citizen, Mr. Robinson, is a favourite, and chiefly because of all those fine and capable qualities, which we cannot do better than describe once again as " manly." His Hon- our is yet in the prime of his physical and intellectual strength, and we do not doubt that there are many years of distinguished service yet in store for him ; and as a proof that the people are of our opinion, we may state that petitions from many municipali- ties in all parts of the province, and repre- senting every shade of political opinion, have been ferwarded to the government at Ottawa, praying that his appointment as lieutenant-governor may be continued for another term. To fill satisfactorily the po- sition now held by His Honour, as the head of provincial society, is a task of c insider- able difficulty ; but the duty has been made easy by the assistance of Mrs. Robinson, who carried into Government House all the skill and graces which had marked her as a hostess in the sphere of private social life. A CYCLOPEDIA OF 452 reverend president introduced a programme of studies on a more comprehensive scale than that previously followed, so as to come up to the requirements of education in its highest branches, and to give the College of Ottawa a high place among the universities of the Dominion. In 1879, Pope Leo XIII, in recognition of his services in religion and education, conferred on him the honour of Doctor of Divinity. By his indefatigable care, the laboratory and physical cabinet, which he originated, he has lately greatly enlarged ; nor has he left any branch of ab- stract science without facilities of exemplifi- cation. It only remains to add that this college, under the management of a distin- guished scholar and clergyman, has won a name far beyond the limits of Canada, and is mainly supported by young gentlemen from various parts of the neighbouring republic. Fenwick, Kenneth N., M.D., M.A., M.R.C.S., England, F.O.S., Edinburgh, Kingston, Ontario, was born on the 21st April, 1852, at Kingston. His father was the Rev. Kenneth Fenwick, who was for a period of thirty years pastor of the first Congregational church at Kingston, and is now professor of apologetics in the Congre- gational college affiliated to McGill Uni- versity, Montreal. His mother was Ann, daughter of the late George Hardy, former- ly of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. His father's family came from Dundee, Scotland, about the year 1845, settling at Montreal, and then Kingston. Dr. Fenwick was educated at Queen's University, Kingston, taking the degree of B.A. in 1871, and of M.A. in 1874. He then studied medicine at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons affiliated with Queen's University, taking the M.D. degree in 1874. He was elected house surgeon of Kingston General hospital in 1873, by competitive examination. He went to England in 1874, and attended St. Thomas' Hospital. London, serving as sur- gical dresser under Simon & Mason, and in 1875 took the M.R.C.S., England. Dr. Fenwick spent two years in London, and some time in Paris, France, attending hos- pital practice under Pean, German See, Hardy and others. He returned to Canada in the fall of 1875, and became partner with the late Dr. Horatio Yates, who at that time had a very large and influential practice at Kingston. This partnership continued for three years, at which period Dr. Fenwick began practice on his own account. In 1876 he became demonstrator of Anatomy in the R.C.P. &S., Kingston, holding this office Tabaret, Very Rev. Joseph II., D.D., of the Society of Oblates of Mary Immaculate, and President of the College of Ottawa, was born in the Department of L'Isere, in France, on the 10th April, 1828. Feeling himself called to an ecclesiastical and missionary life, he offered himself to the Society of Oblates, and was received into the Novitiate of Our Lady of L'Osier, a pil- grimage in his native department. His vo- cation to the state of his choice having been well tested in that house of probation, he was transferred to the scholastic house of the same society at Marseilles. There com- pleting his education, and distinguishing himself in philosophy and theology, he was enrolled a member of the society, and or- dained priest. It was about that time that the society turned its attention to foreign missions. The piety, learning and energy of Father Tabaret won him a place among the first missionary Oblates. His destina- tion was Canada. There he was received by the Right Rev. Joseph E. Guiges, bishop of Ottawa. The zeal and talents of the young father found scope in parochial and mission- ary duties in several parts of the diocese of Ottawa, duties'which in those days and those places were attended with hardships and dangers little suspected in our days of com- parative comfort and security. Religion was yet in its infancy in Ottawa ; a parish had been formed ; a school had next to be undertaken. It was in the year 1853 that Father Tabaret entered with spirit into the work of education, established that school, and conducted it with such skill and perse- verance that he saw it gradually rise into the present University of Ottawa. He has been at the head of the establishment dur- ing the last thirty-two years, with the ex- ception of the years 1866 and 1867, during which he was provincial of the province of the Oblates in North America, and made official visits in the various Oblate missions in Canada and the United States. In Feb- ruary, 1854, His Excellency the Governor- General nominated him a member of the Senate of the Toronto University. In June, 1862, he was made vicar-general of the di- ocese of Ottawa. The year 1866 forms an era in the history of the College of Ottawa. Having been incorporated by Act of Par- liament in 1849, it now received its univer- sity charter, conferred by the unanimous voice of the legislature. In virtue of this charter, the University College possesses a right to elect a member of the Council of Public Instruction for Ontario, and a right to confer university degrees. In 1874 the CANADIAN BIO GBA PH Y. 453 for one year ; he afterwards held the chair of professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Sanitary Science for four years ; was profes- sor of Physiology for four years ; and in 1885 was elected professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children, which chair he now holds. He was elected fellow of the Obstetrical Society, Edinburgh, in 1885. Our subject was brought up a Con- gregationalist, but he saw reason for change in his religious views, and is now a member of the Church of England. He married in 1878, Tina Laura, daughter of Robert Stirling, late of Peebles, Scotland ; and there are by this marriage two children, a son and a daughter. His wife died on the 19th June, 1885. Dr. Fenwick has one of the largest practices in the City of Kings- ton, and is one of the surgeons to the Kings- ton General hospital. He is an eager stu- dent of medical science, and marked success has attended him in practice. Clarke, Francis, Belleville, Ontario, was born in the County of Norfolk, Eng- land, on August 10, 1817, and is the sec- ond son of James Clarke, yeoman, and Mary (Mason) Clarke. He came to Canada with his family in 1836, sailing from Great Yar- mouth on May 22, and arriving in Belle- ville on the 16th July. The journey from Montreal at that time was necessarily made in Durham boats, and the passage occupied more time than the entire journey from England would at the present day. After arriving in Belleville, our subject was en- gaged for a number of years in the carriage and waggon business, making (for the late Rev. Father Brennan) the first phaeton that was put on wheels in Belleville. In militia matters he has taken much interest in his day, and served as a volunteer through the rebellion of 1837-8. In religion he always has been a staunch and respected member of the Church of England. Mr. Clarke was married, on the 27th January, 1847, to Mary, eldest daughter of the late Joseph Todd in St. Thomas Church, Belle- ville, by the late Rev. John Grier, rector of Belleville. His family consists of three sons and five daughters. Our subject is a staunch Conservative in politics, and has taken an active interest in election matters since 1840. He was elected to the munici- pal council of Belleville, as representative of Samson ward, for ten years, and acted as a member of different committees in that capacity. He was made a justice of the peace in 1862, and is at the present time a member of the board of health of the city. Mr. Clarke is one of Belleville's oldest and most prominent citizens, and he has wit- nessed its progress and growth from a vil- lage of 1,500 people to its present position as one of the most beautiful and promising of the young cities of the Dominion. He can feel, too, with just pride, that he has by his industry, by his ability, and through his integrity, been one of the arbiters of his adopted city's fortunes. In social life, as well as in public and business capacity, the subject of this sketch is held in the highest possible esteem. Knees, Charles, Milton, the subject of this sketch, was born in Flensburg, Denmark, on the 6th of August. His father was Henry Paulsen Knees, and his mother Anna Knees. Our subject was educated in Flensburg, Denmark, and received a com- mon school education. He then entered into an apprenticeship, and served his time in learning the trade of a tanner in Flens- burg. At the age of fifteen, after serving his time, Mr. Knees started out to see the world and improve himself in the trade he had learned. Leaving Flensburg, his native place, he visited Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Holland, Belgium, Norway and Sweden. During his travels, which lasted for years, he visited all the principal cities and towns in these coun- tries. Finding everything he wanted with regard to his trade, he returned to Copen- hagen (Denmark), and married on the 18th of October, 1866, Anna Christina Peter- sen, of Odense, Denmark, and commenced business for himself in Copenhagen. In 1869, Mr. Knees left Denmark and landed in New York, and here he remained until 1879, and carried on the tanning business for himself on Ferry street. While thus engaged, he visited thirteen different states of the union, and remained for a time in each of the principal cities examining its trade. But upon hearing of the advantages to be gained in Cahada, under the national policy, he removed in 1879 from New York and settled in Acton, where he remained for three years. Thence in 1882 he removed to his present home, Milton, buying out the large tannery, owned at that time by Taylor & Son. The business, in which Mr. Knees is engaged, is the only one in Canada mak- ing a specialty of cordovan leather made out of South American horse hides, and which is used solely in the manufacture of fine boots and shoes. At the present time he employs from 30 to 40 men. But as the business has increased, he has been compelled to move his warerooms to No. 44 Colborne Street, Toronto, and thus have 454 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF a more central market. Mr. Knees re- ceived at the World's Fair, in Vienna, in 1873; at the Philadelphia Exposition in 1876 ; at Montreal in 1881 ; and at Toronto in 1881-1882, and 1883, the highest and only awards given for cordovan leather. Mr. Knees, in 1885, was elected to the posi- tion of councilman for Milton by acclama- tion, no opposition being even hinted at. In politics he is a Conservative, and in re- ligion he is a Lutheran. In social life, Mr. Knees is most highly esteemed for his genial manners and his kindly heart; while his in- tegrity of character has won for him the re- spect of all those in the community who have the pleasure of knowing him person- ally or through his business relations. Light, Alexander Luders, Engineer of the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occi- dental Railway, Quebec, was born at Dur- ham, England, on 17th April, 1822. He is a son of Colonel Alexander Whalley Light, who was descended of an old and distin- guished Somersetshire family. Colonel Light for many years commanded Her Majesty's 25th Regiment, the King's Own Borderers, and in the early part of the cen- tury served with marked distinction under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, Sir Eyre Coote, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Wellington. He twice, we learn, led " forlorn hopes," was each time severely wounded, and received a handsome pension for his gallant services. He married Jane, the eldest daughter of John Smart, of Trewhitt Hall, Northum- berland, and sister of the late Admiral Sir Robert Smart, at one time commander-in- chief of the Channel squadron and subse- quently the Mediterranean fleet. In 1834, the distinguished subject of this sketch came to Canada with his family, and shortly after his arrival he became a pupil at the Royal Grammar school, Kingston,-where he was a schoolmate of Sir John A. Macdonald,- from which institution so many of our ablest sons have come. He showed a very decided talent for mathematics and mechanics while at school ; and when his course was ended he became articled to a civil engineer of much ability. In 1842, he became assistant engineer on the Board of Works of Canada, under the late Hon- ourable H. H. Killaly and Samuel Keefer, C.E., with whom he served until 1846. His abilities as an engineer had become known, and his services now were coming into marked requisition. In 1846 he joined the staff of the Great Western Railway, the construction of which was just begun. Five years later his superiority received recog- nition by being appointed chief engineer of the St. Andrew's and Quebec (now known as the New Brunswick and Canada) Railway ; and for ten years after this time filled such important p- sitions as chief engineer of gov- ernment railways in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. He built the European and North American Railway, between St. John and Shediac. N. B., ac- knowledged to be one of the best construct- ed roads on this continent, and which has been incorporated with the Intercolonial. During the affair of the Trent, Mr. Light was chosen by the Horse Guards and War Office as engineer to accompany the Imperial troops ; and in the event of war he was designated for other service in North America. This fact speaks louder than words of the estimate put in these high quarters upon the professional ability of Mr. Light. Our subject, returning to -Eng- land in 1863, was elected a member of the Institute of Civil Engineers ; and was ap- pointed a short time afterwards by Mr. James Brunlees, to the Santos and Sao Paulo Railway, in Brazil, a road which as- cends 3,000 feet in five miles. This work presented engineering difficulties of a wide nature, but his skill was supreme here as elsewhere before, and since, when put to the trial. On his return again to England he became associated with Mr. Brunlees, Meadows Rendel, and Berkeley Bruce, em- inent English engineers, and operated with them in some very important and difficult undertakings. In 1869, Mr. Light accepted charge of the construction of a district of one hundred and fifty miles of the Interco- lonial Railway, under Sandford Fleming, and his jurisdiction included the Miramichi bridges, which magnificent structures were built under his direct supervision. In 1874, he was appointed Government engineer of railways for the Province of Quebec, which position he still holds, and as such had en- tire control of the construction of the Q., M., O. and O. Railway between Quebec and Montreal. 'Amongst other works, he is the consulting engineer to the Quebec and Lake St. John Railway,-a peculiar road, differ- ing essentially from lines running parallel to the St. Lawrence. It pierces the Law- rentides, necessarily, with very heavy grades and sharp curves, worked by unusually heavy engines. In 1884, Mr. Light was chosen by the Dominion government as en- gineer in charge of the surveys of one of the divisions of the proposed Short Line Rail- way, from Montreal to St. John and Hali- fax. His bold, able and vigorous advocacy CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 455 of the line via Quebec, the Etchemin valley, and Chesuncook, by which he claimed he could get grades not exceeding forty feet per mile, gave rise to a warm discussion in the House of Commons. Mr. Light is now en- gaged with James Brunlees, C. E., of Lon- don, England, in forming a company for the construction of a Cantilever bridge over the St. Lawrence at Quebec, for which he has prepared the plans and specifications. This bridge will have a clear span of 1,550 feet, a length of steel superstructure of 2,800 feet, a total length of bridge and arched ap- proaches of 3,460 feet, and a clear height above tide of 150 feet. When accomplished it will be one of the grandest engineering achievements of the world, and Mr. Light's professional skill amply qualifies him to carry out the same to a successful conclu- sion. This distinguished gentleman has made for himself an enduring name in his profession, and several great public enter- prises in this country are under no little ob- ligation to his skill. He is yet in the zenith of his physical and professional powers ; and we doubt not that brilliant achievements still await him. Wilson, John Henry, M.D., M.R. C.P., S.O., M.P. for East Elgin, St. Thom- as, was born near Ottawa, Carleton county, on the 14th February, 1834. His father was Jeremiah Wilson, and the maiden name of his mother Bailey, this lady being descended of an old Virginia family. Jeremiah Wil- son was born in the State of Vermont, but came to Canada in 1810, settling near Mont- real. Here he remained only a short per- iod, removing to a point near Ottawa, where he engaged in the lumber trade. In 1837, he removed hence to Middlesex, where he took a farm. Mr. Wilson was descended of the United Empire loyalists ; and he left a family of seven children, the subject of this sketch being the second youngest of the sons. J. E. and J. C. Wilson are prominent medical practitioners in Rochester, Michigan. John Henry Wilson at first attended the common schools, and afterwards the Grammar school at St. Thomas. He next repaired to Toronto, where he entered the Normal school, taking at the close of the term, though only in his eighteenth year, a grade A diploma. He taught school with much success for five years, and then (1857) entered the School of Medi- cine, at Toronto. He studied here for two years, after which he went to New York, entering the medical university of that city, returning to Canada again about six months afterwards. Dr. Wilson still continued for a period to attend lectures at the Toronto School of Medicine, and in 1858 he was ap- pointed demonstrator of Anatomy in the Medical department of Victoria College. In the spring of 1859, he graduated M.D., and was immediately appointed professor of Anatomy in the above college, holding the position for two years, when ill health com- pelled him to yield up the professorial work. He then removed to St. Thomas, where he began practice, his health improving with the change in avocation. Dr. Wilson had been in the habit of watching closely cur- rent political history, and it was not un- known that he possessed fine abilities, as well as ambition, and his friends in due time came to him and declared he must offer him- self for election to parliament. He consent- ed, and was elected to the provincial legis- lature for East Elgin in 1871. He was re- elected in 1875, but was not again a candi- date until 1882, when he was elected by a good majority to the House of Commons for his old constituency. It is only simple justice to Dr. Wilson to say, that he is one of the most useful members in the House of Commons. During his career in the lesser parliament, he was connected with the passage of several important bills, among which may be mentioned, important railway measures, and various private bills. In the House of Commons, he displayed his chief energy in opposing Sir John Macdon- ald's Franchise Bill, raised his voice in tell- ing vigorous protest, but the ministry and its friends had made up their minds, and argument from the other side of the House came as futile as the blowing of the wander- ing winds. Dr. Wilson is a shareholder in several public enterprises, and is a director in the Star Loan Company, of St. Thomas. He is an Episcopalian. In 1869, he married Amelia A., eldest daughter of the late G. R. Williams, of Toledo, Ohio, a gentleman of high standing in his day. Fiincken, Very Rev. Louis, D.D., Priest of the congregation of the Resur- rection of our Lord, rector of St. Jerome's college at Berlin, and parish priest of the same town, was born on October 5th, 1833, in Geldreland, Prussia. After he had passed through primary schools in his native place, he was sent to Holland, where he en- tered upon a course of study at the Royal gymnasium at Roermond. He subsequently entered the Episcopal seminary at the same city, where after passing through the usual course he was ordained priest in 1862. In the same year he went to Rome, and while in the eternal city j »ined the congregation 456 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF of the Resurrection ; and graduated in 1864 at the Roman university. He now resolved to proceed to Canada, and in the same year put his resolution into effect. A number of his fellow-countrymen, which included many of his co-religionists, had settled in the County of Waterloo, and here the young priest resolved to make the theatre of his future labours. The founding of an eccle- siastical institution of learning had taken hold of his mind, and the fruit of this idea is St. Jerome's college. Although this ex- cellent seat of learning comes under eccle- siastical discipline its primary aim is to edu- cate young men, of every race, in the spirit of Christianity, and to prepare them for higher professional studies at seminaries and universities. We are glad to say that it is each year growing in popularity and in usefulness. Disney, Right Rev. Richard Ran- dolph, Chatham, one of the nine bishops of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, was born in North-east Cecil, County Mary- land, U.S., in the year 1835. His parents, Henry and Rebecca Disney, were free, though in earlier years both had known what it was to recognize masterhood in a shadow. Bishop Disney's diocese is very extensive, embracing North America, the West Indies, and a portion of South Amer- ica. His father died when our subject was only in his eighth year. The lad and his mother then removed to Fort De- posit, and when he was old enough he re- paired to Baltimore, and there learned the trade of barber with Solomon McCabe. At the age of thirteen he felt the ' ' call of grace," and resolved to devote his life, when the opportunity occurred, to the cause of his Maker. He attached himself to the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Maryland, and began to. have a strong yearning to preach the gospel to his brethren. He felt diffident at first about undertaking a mission so high, and of such importance to himself and his fellowmen, but he was satisfied that he had received the "call" to be " a fisher of men." But Maryland had no open ecclesiastical college- doors for the African, and, proceeding north- ward, he entered the Osgoode Seminary at Springfield-one of the few institutions of learning that would admit a coloured youth to their classes. His career here was bril- liant and exemplary, and he graduated with honours in 1857, and at once began his ministerial work in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. After a little while he crossed the boundary, and proceeded to Chatham, Canada West, now the Province of Ontario. His proffered services were at once accepted by Bishop Nazrey, who had episcopal charge here, and who sent him at once to Peel, where he remained for two years. The conference of 1859 sent him to Buxton ; that of 1861 to Windsor ; that of 1864 to Hamilton; that of 1866 to St. Catharines ; that of 1869 to Toronto ; that of 1873 to Chatham, where, upon the death of Bishop Nazrey, his talents, zeal, and success were rewarded by his elevation to the vacant bishopric. A bishop of the British Methodist Episcopal Church in 1875, with a membership of less than two thou- sand, by a re-union of that church in 1884 with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, our distinguished subject became one of its bishops, with a membership of a full half-million of souls. Our subject's ca- reer certainly has been a most active, bril- liant, and distinguished one. He is a man of high character and very fine abilities ; and he is held in marked esteem by all the white people with whom he comes in con- tact. His splendid achievements will en- title him to be ranked among "represen- tative Canadians." Van Allen, Daniel Ross, President and manager of the Chatham Manufacturing Company, in Chatham, Ontario, was born on the 27th December, 1823, in the town- ship of Burford, County of Oxford. He is, as his name implies, of Dutch descent, on his father's side, and is of U. E. loyalist stock on both his father and mother's side. His father, the late William Van Allen, was born 2nd August, 1798 ; married to Rebecca S. Bowen on the 30th August, 1820 ; and died on the 30th September, 1876. He was the son of Captain Henry Van Allen, of Port Dover, who was born on the 10th June, 1766 ; married to Winfred Raplege on the 25th December, 1785; and died the 31st October, 1820. Winfred Raplege was born on 24th September, 1768 ; was married as above stated ; and died on 1st September, 1854. Rebecca S., the mother of our sub- ject, was born on 25th July, 1805; was mar- ried as already shown, and died June 9th, 1885. She was the daughter of Col. Wm. D. Bowen, of Burford, who married Miss Daniels, sister of the late Lawrence Daniels, of Burford. At the place and time of the birth of our subject, his father was largely engaged in the milling, distilling and mer- cantile business, but removed to the home- stead of his late father in Port Dover, when our subject was about five years old. In the winter of 1883-4, Captain Henry Van Allen, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 457 uncle of our subject, who was then in busi- ness in Chatham, and who, by the way, at Chatham in 1831, built and ran the first steamboat carrying the British flag on the upper lakes, being on a visit to his brother in Port Dover, and taking a fancy to our subject, prevailed upon his parents to let him go home with him to Chatham, to learn the mercantile business. Daniel Ross re- mained with him till 1838 when he com- menced " paddling his own canoe." From this period till 1845 he was engaged as a clerk in various country stores. In 1845 he was managing a small store for a Chatham firm at the point where Dresden is now situ- ated. Thinking this locality very eligible for the site of a town, be purchased that part of lot four, in the fourth concession of the then township of Dawn, County of Kent, owned by Jared Lindsley, and upon it found- ed what is now the flourishing town of Dres- den. In 1846 he married Susan, daughter of the late John Williams, of Howard, who was born 12th August, 1824, and who died on October 5th, 1865, leaving four children living. These are Dr. J. R. Van Allen, of Kansas city ; Mildred, now deceased, who became Mrs. William Ball, of Chatham ; E. W. H. Van Allen, now of Winnipeg; and Hattie, married to Robert H. Agur, now of Winnipeg. To get Dresden established, our subject built there an hotel, a grain ware- house and a merchant's shop, and carried on business in the place till 1849, when, owing to a heavy loss sustained in the stave trade, he failed, and shortly afterwards returned to Chatham, engaging there in the mercan- tile business. He was again overtaken by disaster in the unparalleled crisis and revul- sion in trade that occurred in 1857-8, and he bid good-bye to the mercantile business forever, and embarked in the manufacture of hardwood lumber, in which he has con- tinued ever since with marked success. In 1866 he married Mary A., daughter of the late C. C. Waller, of New York city, a lineal descendant of the poet Waller. All his edu- cation was such as the public schools in On- tario afforded, between his eighth and his fourteenth years. He is not a military man in any sense of the word, though he holds the commission of captain in the Sedentary militia. He served the people of Chatham very many years as a school trustee, as coun- cillor, as deputy reeve and reeve ; and final- ly for one year as mayor of the town, when he had the honor of receiving Lord Dufferin, then governor-general. In 1882, after the adoption of the national policy, he conceiv- ed the idea of getting up a joint stock com- pany for the purpose of making farm wag- gons, &c., by machinery, something after the model of the great waggon concerns in the United States, in which enterprise he was successful; and to-day, the Chatham Manufacturing Company, of which he is pre- sident and manager, after passing through a severe struggle for existence, can say '' it has come to stay." During his life he has been connected with three different secret societies, but has ceased his connection with all of them. He has been a life-long con- sistent Conservative, and is now the presi- dent of the L. C. A., of West Kent. He has never been much of a traveller. He was brought up in the Church of England, and adheres to it. During his thirty years resi- dence in Chatham, since his last return to it in 1852, he has been a large employer of labor, and from enquiries on the spot we are led to believe there are but few men in the town of Chatham who- have contributed more largely to the growth and material prosperity of that place than D. R. Van Allen has done ; and judging from his pre- sent appearance, and the fact that he says he has not taken a shadow of any kind of drug medicines in forty years, we think, and may be permitted to express the wish, that there are still many years of his useful life in store for himself and the place he inhabits. Kirby, William, F.R.S.C.-This well- known Canadian author, like many other literary men, had a long preliminary train- ing on the public press. He was for twenty years the editor and publisher of the Niagara Mail, the leading, and for a long time the only newspaper, except the Niagara Chronicle, which was published in the Niagara district, which comprised the three counties of Lin- coln, Welland and Haldimand. Mr. Kirby, on ceasing to write for the press, continued his literary work, and wrote several valu- able books, which stand high among the best specimens of Canadian literature, in recognition of which he was selected by the Marquis of Lorne as one of the original twenty members of the English literature section of the Royal Society. Mr. Kirby is most known, perhaps, as the author of the splendid Canadian historical romance of the " Chien D'Or "-a book which has obtained a wide circulation, both in English and French. It has been complimented by sev- eral American piracies, which have extended the reputation of the author, but of course profited him nothing. But it is in the re- gion of poetry that many find their greatest pleasure in Mr. Kirby's works. His " Ca- 458 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF nadian Idylls " are unique in our literature. They form a series, not yet completed, of poems of a high order, illustrative of Cana- dian scenes, Canadian history, life and sen- timent. These idylls, so far, are nine in number, each of them a separate poem, which has been published separately, yet with a slight thread of connection running through them all. The idylls, as pub- lished, comprise "The Sparrows," "Dead Sea Roses," " The Hungry Year," "Stony Creek." " The Queen's Birthday," " Spina Christi," " The Bells of Kirby Wiske," " The Lord's Supper in the Wilderness," and " The Harvest Moon." Mr. Kirby is also the author of several dramatic works, " Beaumanoir," " Joseph in Egypt," " The Queen's Own," and others, with much writing on historical and archaeolog- ical subjects. He also wrote and published " The U. E., a Story of Upper Canada," an epic in twelve cantos, and a great many minor poems. It may be said that for a man of much and varied business, and not an author by profession, although an un- wearied student, Mr. Kirby has tried to do his full share towards the cultivation of lit- erature in Canada, and has succeeded. Mr. Kirby is the representative of an old York- shire family of Kirby of Kirby Wiske, a branch of whom were Virginia loyalists, who returned to England during the American revolution. Maternally he descends from the old family of Watsons of Kingston-upon- Hull, his birthplace. The Watsons were, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, of considerable local importance in Hull. One of them, the Rev. Thomas Watson, D.D., was master of St. John's College, Ox- ford, in the reign of Henry VIII ; and in the reign of Queen Mary was the last Cath- olic Bishop of Lincoln. He was a great scholar and writer, and of much repute among the literary men of the period. He was a patron and friend of the famous Roger Ascham, who most affectionately refers to him in his quaint book of " The School- master." Bishop Watson, to his honour be it said, resolutely opposed the religious per- secutions that filled England with horror in the reign of Queen Mary, and never permit- ted a single trial for heresy to take place in his vast diocese. This good and learned man died in the Tower of London, a state prisoner, under Queen Elizabeth, for refus- ing to the end of his life to acknowledge her title to the crown. Another of the same name and family was Thomas Watson, of London, who in 1582 published his " Heca- tompathia, or Passionate Century of Love," in a hundred sonnets of great poetic merit, and many other poems in Latin, English and Italian, highly prized by readers of Eliza- bethan literature. One of the progenitors of Mr. Kirby was still another Thomas Wat- son, of the same family, a sturdy opponent of Andrew Marvel, the Puritan poet, and member for Hull in the Long Parliament, and during the Cromwell usurpation. The large estates of the family were confiscated by the parliamentary commission sent down to punish the governor, Sir John Hotham, Thomas Watson, and others, for adhering to King Charles. Sir John Hotham lost his head, and Thomas Watson all his prop- erty, in consequence of their loyalty to the Crown. Some of the ancient public char- ities of Hull owe their foundation to endow- ments from the Watson family. Mr. Kirby came to America quite young, and received part of his education in Cincinnati, under the famous Scotchman, Alexander Kinmont, whose Classical and Philosophical academy, between the years 1827 and 1838, was of great reputation throughout the west, and frequented by a number of the most studi- ous and ambitious youths of the city and state, and even now, nearly half a century after the death of Kinmont, his famous academy is proudly and often referred to in the Educational history of Cincinnati, for the excellence of its teaching and the number of eminent men who received their education there. There were no colleges in those days in the western states, but a thorough ground- ing in Latin, under his able teacher, en- abled Mr. Kirby to prosecute his classical studies, and to acquire a great knowledge of the modern languages, the spirit of which has permeated his writings both of prose and poetry, although his language and style are of the purest and most idiomatic English imaginable. The "Chien D'Or " is so thor- oughly imbued with the spirit of the French society of the period, that the descendants of the seigneurs can scarcely believe that the author's name is not a nom de plume, and that he is not one of their race and lineage. Mr. Kirby, after a brief residence in Mont- real, came to Upper Canada in 1839 and set- tled in Niagara, where he has ever since re- sided. He married the only daughter of John Whitmore, of Niagara, and grand- daughter of Captain Daniel Servos, of the Northern Confederate Indians, and of But- ler's rangers, a U. E. loyalist and gallant officer throughout the war of the American revolution. Mr. Kirby has been in the commission of the peace for the County of Lincoln for many years, and is at present CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 459 (1885) the collector of Her Majesty's Cus- toms for the port of Niagara. He has two sons, Eugene Guildford, living at Calgary, Alberta, and John Colborne living to To- ronto. Mr. Kirby is an adherent of the Church of England, a sincere believer in the divinity of Christ, and in the sanctity of his Word. His writings are imbued with reverence for religion, as the true end of all learning, and without which mere literary genius and power of language are more hurtful than helpful to the cause of truth and morality. These principles have been present in intention in all Mr. Kirby's writings, which, without being either dog- matic or latitudinarian, are very far re- moved from that laxity of principle and want of deep conviction which are so prev- alent in literature in these later days of dismal negations and philosophic pessimism. Ponton, Edward George, Bar- rister, Solicitor, etc., Belleville, Ontario, was born at Belleville, on the 2nd March, 1856. He is a son of Lieutenant-Colonel Archd. Ponton, of the same place, from whom, as well as from his paternal grand- father, he inherits strong military tastes. His father was bom at Inverness, Scotland (as were all his family), on the 24th Sep- tember, 1806. While connected with the force he was an enthusiastic officer and a splendid " drill" ; and his commissions are as follows :-Ensign in Whitby Independent company (Captain Alexander Macdonald's) of Militia, 23 October, 1838 ; ensign fourth battalion of Incorporated Militia, 1st May, 1840, in which he served until it was dis- banded in 1843, after the rebellion ; lieu- tenant in 1842 ; captain and adjutant 1st battalion of Belleville Militia, 27th Septem- ber, 1855 ; adjutant 1st Volunteer Militia Rifle company of Belleville, now No. 1 com- pany of the 49th battalion, the oldest com- pany on the roll of the active militia, 4th February, 1859; major in the Militia Force of Canada, 27th December, 1861; lieutenant-colonel 15th battalion of Belle- ville (which he raised), 16th January, 1863. Our subject's ancestors, we may say, have been pioneers of this part of the country. Dr. Mungo Ponton, his grandfather, left In- verness, Scotland, in 1831, to settle near Campbellford, in the County of Northum- berland, whither his father, who had left Scotland when a boy of thirteen, but who had in the meantime been living in North Carolina and the West Indies, proceeded to re-join the family. The land settled upon by Dr. Ponton was a free grant of 800 acres, awarded him for military services, which he rendered as far back as the Irish rebellion of 1798. He held the rank of captain under Colonel Cameron, of Lochiel. Dr. Ponton died near Belleville in the year 1849, at the age of ninety-two, his widow follow- ing in the year 1865,at the age of eighty-one. The three surviving sons are Arch. Ponton (our subject's father), William Hamilton Ponton, registrar, and James Wemyss Ponton, deputy-registrar, of the County of Hastings, all of whom have lived in Belle- ville since it was a little village. Mr. Ponton's father is a staunch Conservative, and he himself professes the same political faith, but his uncles are reformers. The father and the uncles resemble their father in being splendid specimens of Highlanders -all over six feet high, with every appear- ance of attaining the age of their parents. Edward Ponton reveals his ancestry in his physique, being not inferior at all in height, while military and athletic exer- cises have made his uniforms fit well. Our subject was educated at the old Gram- mar School and Albert college, Belleville, and graduated with honours in modern languages at Toronto University in 1874, at the early age of eighteen. He passed the final examinations in law in 1877 at Osgoode Hall, Toronto. He enlisted in the Uni- versity company Queen's Own Rifles in 1873, and served therein as private until the 5th May, 1877, when he was gazetted en- sign. He accompanied his regiment to Montreal on the 24th May, 1878, and on the 24th May, 1879, when it took part in the grand reviews there. He was promoted lieutenant on the 5th November, 1878. Having returned to his home in Belleville to practice law, he was made captain in the 49th Hastings Rifles, on the 28th No- vember, 1879. He was appointed adjutant on the 12th January, 1883, and honoured with the appointment of brigade major at brigade camp, Kingston, in September, 1885, under Lieutenant-Colonel Villiers, D.A.G. At the outbreak of the rebellion of 1885 he was appointed adjutant of the Midland bat- talion, a provisional regiment 400 strong, under the late Lieutenant-Colonel Williams, M.P. He shared in the miseries of the marches on the ice of Lake Superior, and went from Swift Current to Fish Creek on the historic steamer Northcote. This was the first trip made by any steamer down that 200 mile part of the South Saskatche- wan. Adjutant Ponton was present with a detachment of the regiment during the four days' fighting at Batoche, including the charge, and afterwards went with the regi- A CYCLOPEDIA OF 460 Holmes,Tecumseh Kingsley, M.D , Chatham, is the son of Abraham and Jane Louisa (nee Gibson) Holmes, and was born near Florence, in the County of Lambton, on the 17th January, 1839. His father, who is still living, was born ten miles east of Chatham, on the river Thames, in 1797, and lived there the greater part of his life. He has witnessed the progress of settle- ment in western Ontario through all its phases, and distinctly remembers seeing the Indian chief Tecumseh on the morning of the battle in which he was killed. The great-grandfather of the subject of this no- tice came from Ireland to this country when the father of Abraham Holmes was a child, and settled at Montreal. On reaching man- hood, the grandfather of Dr. Holmes re- moved to Sandwich, where he was principal of an academy for many years. The Gib- son's were United Empire loyalists, and the maternal grandfather of our subject, being attached as guide to Burgoyne's army, was surrendered with others as a prisoner of war, having been for some time confined in Albany. During this time he became acquainted with his future wife, who was a daughter of General Gates, and who was instrumental in his escape from confine- ment. The romantic episode of this ac- quaintance, escape and perilous journey northward along lake Champlain to Canada, had its sequel in their subsequent marriage and settlement in Canada. Dr. Holmes re- ceived his education in the public schools of his native county, and pursued the profes- sion of teacher near Chatham for five years. He then began the study of medicine under the late Dr. Wallen, attended lectures at the medical department of the University of Michigan, and subsequently went to Long Island College Hospital, where he graduated in 1865. In 1866 he received the degree of M.D. from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and in 1857 passed the examination of the University of Victoria, and received the Canadian degree of M.D. from that college. He then settled in Chat- ham, where he has lived ever since. For many years he was surgeon of the 24th battalion, and for several years was a mem- ber of the Public School board of Chatham, always taking an active interest in educa- tional matters, and occasionally lecturing before teachers' conventions. When the Western and St. Clair Medical Association was formed he became one of its most active members, and was a delegate from it to the International Medical Congress at Philadel- phia in 1876, on which occasion he prepared ment to Prince Albert, Battleford, Pitt Landing, Fort Pitt, Frog Lake, returning home via Grand Rapids, lakes Winnipeg, Superior and Huron, to Port Hope, where the regiment disbanded. Our subject is a splendid drill, and a more than usually good representative of the Canadian militia officer, and he has the gift of being able to handle his men successfully, and at the same time to be popular with all ranks. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is prominent and enthusiastic in that order, being a member of Belleville lodge, No. 81, and Moira encampment. No. 59. He has been through all the chairs of the subordi- nate lodge, and was the first chief patriarch of the encampment referred to, and was its delegate at the Grand Encampment, Hamilton, 1885. He has never taken an active part in politics, but was born, and hopes always to remain, a Conservative. He married, on 10th March, 1881, Elizabeth, daughter of E. P. Hannaford, chief engineer of the Grand Trunk railway, Montreal. Street, William Purvis Rochfort, Barrister-at-law, London, Ontario, was born on the 13th November, 1841, at the above place. He is a son of William Warren Street, who came from Devonshire, Eng- land, in 1832, and Frances Mary, daughter of Major Leonard, of H.M. 104th regiment, and formerly sheriff of the Niagara district. W. P. R. Street was educated at the Gram- mar School, London. He afterwards went to Toronto and took the degree of LL.B., at the University of Toronto, and the gold medal in law at the same university. He was examiner in the faculty of Law there for four years. He entered the Law Society of Upper Canada as a student in Hilary term 1859 ; studied law in the office of the late H. C. R. Becher, Q.C., was called to the bar in Easter term, 1864, and has prac- tised in London ever since. He was created Queen's Council in 1883. In politics Mr. Street is a strong Conservative, though, so far, he has not sought political honours. He was appointed Chairman of the North-West half-breed commission in March, 1385, and in that capacity visited nearly every settle- ment in the North-West during the spring and summer of 1885, traversing the entire length of the North Saskatchewan from Ed- monton to Grand Rapids, proceeding most of the distance in an open boat. In religion he has always been a member of the Church of England. Mr. Street married on the 9th July, 1867, Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Sheppard Smyth, of Hazelwood, London, Ontario. CAHAP1AH BIOGRAPHY. 461 and read a paper on the management of convulsions in children depending on a high temperature of the body, which paper was published in the transactions of that congress, and the plan of treatment has since been quoted in text-books as an original and most successful mode of man- aging these cases. He is a member of the Ontario Medical Association, and of the Canadian Medical Association, to both of which he has contributed numerous scienti- fic papers. At the annual meeting jf the Canadian Medical Association in 1885, Dr. Holmes was chosen president. A paper on puerpural mania, read by invitation before the Detroit Medical and Library Association in 1885, containing original views as to the cause and treatment of this form of insanity, which Dr. Munson, superintendent of the Northern Asylum of Michigan, and others, competent to judge, believe will be the means of restoring many lunatics of this class to health. In politics Dr. Holmes is a Reformer. He belongs to the Church of England, is an ardent advocate of the tem- perance cause, and was the first worthy chief of the first lodge of Good Templars in the County of Kent. On January 23rd, 1873, he married Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas H. Taylor, one of the leading manufacturers of Chatham. They have two sons, Garnet, aged eleven, and Kings- ley, aged eight, and one daughter, Edith, two years old. Since 1880 he has been associated with Dr. G. T. McKeough, un- der the firm name of Holmes & McKeough. Murphy, Henry Joseph, M.D., Chatham, County of Kent, Ontario, was born December 31st, 1842, at the family homestead-a beautiful country seat known as " The Shelters "-about twelve miles from the City of Hamilton, in the County of Haldimand. Having received his educa- tion at home, he was sent to the high school at Caledonia, and afterwards to Hamilton, where he received a finished classical and mathematical education. At the age of eighteen some of his class-mates who were going up for examination for teachers in- duced him to join them, and out of eighty applicants the subject of this sketch and one other-Mr. Younghusband-alone suc- ceeded in obtaining a first-class certificate. The school at his birth-place was about to become vacant, and the trustees at once unanimously tendered young Murphy the situation, which he accepted, and taught most acceptably for one year. The esteem and good-will of his class-mates and neigh- bours thus manifested is, perhaps, one of the happiest circumstances of his youth, and was duly appreciated. He entered upon the study of medicine in the medical department of the University of Buffalo, where he graduated M.D. in the spring of of 1865 ; and at the close of the previous session the American war offering an at- tractive field for the student of medicine and surgery, he at once applied for and secured the appointment, first as medical cadet in the army, and was assigned to hospital duty at Washington, D.C., and, subsequently, having obtained his degree, took the rank of assistant-surgeon. He served in several of the largest army hospi- tals in Washington city until the close of the rebellion. Returning to Canada, with the vast experience the young surgeon de- rives from active service, he began practice at Staffa, County of Perth, where he con- tinued with marked success until the autumn of 1866, when he entered Queen's University, Kingston, and graduated there in 1867, obtaining the additional degree of L.R.C.P.S.K. Acting on the advice of a friend-Judge Doyle, of Goderich-Dr. Murphy settled permanently to the practice of his profession at Chatham, where he soon established a very large and well-merited general practice, and has distinguished him- self especially as a surgeon, having performed successfully many of the most difficult operations. He is frequently called thirty, forty, and fifty miles for consultation. Be- sides being one of the oldest coroners for the County of Kent, and a member of several medical associations, he has been three times selected as a delegate to attend the meetings of the American Medical As- sociation, and was chosen one of the dele- gates from the Western and St. Clair Medical Association to attend the inter- national medical congress held at the city of Philadelphia in 1876, where was as- sembled representative physicians and dele- gates from nearly every country in Europe and America. The subject of this sketch was the first to broach the subject of orga- nizing a branch of the Irish National League in Chatham-which was the second of the kind in Canada - and was unanimously elected president. A meeting of the Irish citizens of Chatham and vicinity, including those of Irish descent, was called, at which nearly two hundred dollars was raised for the parliamentary fund, and which went to assist Mr. Parnell in carrying out his scheme of paying a sessional allowance'to the mem- bers of the Irish parliamentary party. His father, J as. W. Murphy, was one of the old 462 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF pioneers of this country who emigrated here from the City of Cork, Ireland, in the year 1829, where several of his immediate rela- tives - whose guiding principle was well expressed in the family motto : Virtus vera nobilitas have risen to eminence in the army and the learned professions. Along with Colonel Martin, who was also sheriff of the County of Haldimand and a distin- guished Corkonian, he took an active part in quelling the rebellion of 1837, and did a soldier's duty on the Niagara frontier till quiet was restored. Notwithstanding his loyalty and love for his adopted country, he was one of the first to welcome the return of Lyon Mackenzie from exile, who now came to be regarded as a redeemer of our liberty, having rid us of the evils of family compactism and given us more consti- tutional freedom. The fearless old County of Haldimand elected him five times to the legislature, from which he was five times expelled, and thereby was taunted by a certain clique as " the rebel county." The author of "The Life and Times of the Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald" says : "We persecuted him in every conceivable way. Finally we drove him into the rebellion and. set a price of £1,000 upon his head. Now we are about erecting a column to his memory." The father of our subject was married in 1831, at Cobourg, by the Rev. Mr. Batham, to Mary Johnson, a native of the City of York, England, who brought with her a considerable patrimony, and proved a long and most happy union. She is still hale and comely at the age of seventy-three years, a model of Christian virtue and devo- tion, endowed with a high moral nature and exceptionally so with regard to the divine faculties-faith and love. Being of a retiring disposition, and not caring for political life, Mr. Murphy's chief employment for many years was that of agriculture and stock-rais- ing, but for twenty-three years previous to his death he lived upon his income. He was also one of the early promoters and stock- holders of the Hamilton and Port Dover Railway. Leaving a wife and eight children (four of each sex) to survive him, he died at the residence of his youngest son, who is also the subject of this sketch, in Chatham, aged seventy-five years-the silver cord of domestic affections which unites parents with their children and brothers with their sisters being never strained or broken. Burdett, Samuel Barton, LL.D., Belleville, Ontario, was born on the shores of the Bay of Quinte, in the township of Tyendinaga, Hastings County, September 30th, 1843. He comes of pure loyalist par- entage, his parents, Matthew Steel Bur- dett and Sarah Dingman, being children of the loyalist pioneers of the County of Prince Edward. Like many other public men of to-day. Dr. Burdett entered public life through the teacher's profession, having be- gun to teach at the early age of seventeen years. He was entered at Albert College, where he completed his classical and pre- liminary law studies, and was articled in Michaelmas Term, 1862. He began the practice of law at Belleville, in 1867, and for eighteen years has enjoyed almost unin- terrupted professional success, being now one of the first in his profession in the city. He has had a good share of civic preferment; was in the council for three years, holding the chairmanship of important committees, the last being that of finance in 1874. He was one of the promoters and directors of the Belleville and North Hastings Railway Company. In educational affairs he has always taken a deep interest, and Albert College owes much of her prosperity to his untiring support. He took the full course in the Faculty of Law at that college, pass- ing the final examination for LL.B, in 1872, and completing the exercises and thesis for LL.D, in 1879. He afterwards became dean of the Faculty of Law, and examiner and Lecturer in Commercial Law. He has long been a member of the board of management, giving the institution his pro- fessional services gratuitously in many of her difficulties. He was appointed to the Senate of Albert University in 1870, and one of the regents of Victoria University in 1883. He has represented Albert College in the Senate of the University of Toronto since 1874, being thus a member of the senates of three different Universities. Among the students and graduates of Albert College his genial disposition and excellent business talents have made him a favourite. He held the presidencies of several of the literary, scientific and alumni societies, and is chair- man of the executive committee of the board of management of Albert College. The students of Albert College desired his ser- vices as captain of a volunteer company formed in 1877, and this Dr. Burdett was compelled by professional engagements to decline, though holding a military school certificate. Our subject was bred in the Methodist Episcopal church and after the formation of the United Methodist gave in his adherence to the union, and the church still finds in him a generous supporter. He was married on April 13th, 1870, to Try- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. phena, daughter of D. D. Wright and So- phia, nee Howard, who were of pure U. E. loyalist descent. Of this marriage there is issue a daughter, Mabel, who, as may be seen by this sketch, can boast of being a genuine Canadian, her parents, grand par- ents and great-grand parents having been born in Canada, and having been closely connected with the early history and pro- gress of the countrv. In politics Dr. Bur- dett is a steadfast Liberal. Sutherland, Rev. Donald George, M.A., B.D., LL.B., London, Ontario, was born at Toronto, on April 12th, 1839. His father was Captain James Sutherland, who was born in Hoy, Orkney Islands ; and his mother Margaret Robinson Sutherland, born in Lincolnshire, England. At an early age the father of our subject went to sea, engaging himself in the service of the Hud- son Bay Company, and at one time spent part of his time in the same ship with the late Sir John Franklin. He was a member of what may justly be termed a sea-faring family, some of whom obtained high honours in naval combats with the French. After serving in the Baltic and South American trades, Captain Sutherland, while yet a young man, came to Canada, and here, upon Lake Ontario, at once engaged in the steam- boat business, in which as captain and steam- boat owner he became widely and favourably known. During the rebellion of 1837-8, im- portant commissions were put in his hands by government, and the manner in which he fulfilled his trust brought high commenda- tion. In the latter years of his life, the great- er portion of the traffic from Hamilton to Montreal fell into his hands. He was killed in the Desjardins canal accident on March 12, 1857, and Mrs. Sutherland survived him till 1878. Our subject, Donald George Sutherland, received his early educational training at the Hamilton Public and Gram- mar schools. He afterwards entered Vic- toria College, graduating therefrom in 1859. His course completed, he began the study of the law in the office of Judge O'Reilly, at Hamilton, and passed as a solicitor in 1862. He practiced for about a year ; but at the end of that period he felt himself drawn strongly towards the ministerial calling. He therefore entered the Wesleyan Methodist church as probationer, and received his or- dination in 1868, at the hands of the Rev. Morley Punshon, D.D. Thereafter he was stationed at Milton. at Oakville, at Dundas, at Brampton, Kingston, Ganan- oque, Galt, Simcoe, Clinton, St. Thomas, and London. In 1867, he received his M. A. 463 degree, and in 1873 his LL.B., from the University of Toronto. He received his B.D. from Victoria University in 1878. In 1862, Mr. Sutherland was appointed ensign in the 8th battalion, Wentworth. With respect to offices held by him, it may be said that he was financial secretary of districts in 1874-5, 1881-2 ; was secretary of the London Conference in 1883-4 ; chairman of the St. Thomas district in 1883 ; and a member of the general conferences in 1878-82-3. He has travelled considerably. In 1869, he made a trip to Rome ; and in 1880 visited Egypt, Palestine, Damascus, Constantinople and Athens. An account of these travels was published in the Methodist Magazine, in 1881. The descriptions are vivid, grace- ful, and extremely interesting. Rev. Mr. Sutherland married, in 1872, Helena, eldest daughter of the Hon. J. C. Aikins, then senator, and now lieutenant-governor of Manitoba. The fruit of this union is four children. Riopcl, Louis Joseph, LL.B., M.P. for Bonaventure, Quebec, was born at St. Jacques, L'Achigan, County of Montcalm, P.Q., on the 11th of November, 1843. His family was one of the first to settle in La Nouvelle France. Louis Joseph received a careful training in the petit schools, and afterwards entered at L'Assoinption College, where his career was marked with much success. Concluding his studies here, he read law in the office of Honourable Louis Archambault, N.P., at L'Assomption. In October, 1865, he was admitted as notary ; and in 1868 he settled at New Carlisle, County of Bonaventure, where he practised as notary with much ability and success till 1880, when he was called to the bar of his native province,having graduated LL. B. at Laval University, in July of the same year. He has all the qualities of a success- ful advocate, and if he were to devote all his time to his profession, his achievements would unquestionably be many and im- portant. But he is a man of great activity, and has concerned himself with a number of enterprises, public as well as private. He was superintendent of Colonization works for the County of Bonaventure, from 1869 to 1873 ; and from the last named year to 1881, was Crown lands and timber agent. He now decided upon entering public life, and his personal qualities and excellent business and professional attainments made him popular. He was elected, in 1881, to the Quebec legislature, for Bonaventure, but in the following year resigned his seat to become a candidate for the House of 464 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Commons. He was elected by acclamation, and is now one of the prominent members in that parliament. Mr. Riopel has de- voted a great deal of his time and energy towards promoting the scheme of the Baie des Chaleurs Railway, which is now under construction, and he is the managing direc- tor of that important undertaking. He is also a director of the North-West Central Railway Company. He married on the 24th of November, 1875, Marie Louise Justine, • a daughter of the late L. A. Robitaille, N.P., of Varennes. Mr. Riopel is an ad- herent of the Catholic faith. McMaster, lion. William, Toronto, Senator, was born in 1811 in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, emigrating to Canada in his twenty-second year. He is a son of the late William McMaster, a linen mer- chant, and a man of the highest character, >vho did business for many years in the na- tive county of the subject of this memoir. William's early education was a very careful one, he having attended a private school, the best in the neighborhood, presided over by Mr. Halcro, one of the most eminent teachers in the north of Ireland. He had, we learn, intended to settle in the States, but was induced, by the British consul at New York, to come to Canada, where, as we have seen, he reached at the age of twenty-two. He entered the wholesale and retail establishment of Robert Cathcart, whose store was on the south side of King street facing Toronto street. There could be no higher proof of his business ability than that after a year he became a partner. Ultimately he saw his way to do better still, and set up for himself as a wholesale mer- chant on <Yonge street, just below King street. At that time the principal distribut- ing centre, even for Upper Canada, was Montreal. But Mr. McMaster saw that this was not destined to be perpetual ; that a change had already set in, and that by energy and business talent, Toronto could be made a formidable rival to Montreal. He can hardly be described as a pioneer in the attempt to divert the trade from its old and well-worn channel, but hardly any one has done more than he has to make the attempt successful. He extended his business until all Western Ontario was his market. He built large premises and took his nephews into partnership with him. Extended busi- ness again compelled him to build. When enterprise, sound judgment, and business ability are tempered with prudence and caution, the admixture becomes a powerful lever to success, and these qualities have been strongly exemplified in the career of William McMaster. He has known how to make money, and he has known how to do good. To give a list of Senator McMaster's business connections, and of the numerous positions that he holds in prominent societies in the community can present no idea of how great the man's achievements have been. We give them, however : He was for many years head of the firm of W. McMaster & Nephews, wholesale dry goods merchants, Toronto ; is a member of the Senate of the University of Toronto ; president of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, and of the Freehold Permanent Building and Savings Society ; vice-president of the Confederate Life Asso- ciation ; a director of the Toronto General Trusts Company, and of the Wellington, Grey & Bruce Railway. He held for several years the office of chairman of the Canadian Board of the Great Western Railway Com- pany ; is chairman of the board of trustees of the Baptist College, which was erected and furnished by him at an expense of over $100,000. He represented the Midland di- vision in the Legislative Council of Canada from 1862 until the union. He was called to the Senate by Royal proclamation, May, 1867. In all benevolent, religious, moral or worthy movements he has been one of the foremost spirits in the community. The Baptist Church, on the corner of Gerrard and Jarvis streets, Toronto, and one of the handsomest structures in the city, never would have been erected but for this prince of philanthropists. The joint contribution of himself and his wife to this edifice was over $60,000. He has been a liberal supporter of the Canadian Literary Institute, Wood- stock, his contribution to the building fund alone being $12,000. He is treasurer, and has been in that office for many years, of the Upper Canada Bible Society, to which, with his wonted liberality he has been a consistent subscriber. Senator McMaster has been twice married, first in 1851, to Mary Henderson, of New York city, who died in 1868, and in 1871 to his present wife, Susan Molten, widow of the late James Fraser, of Newburgh, New York state. He was mainly instrumental in founding the Superannuated Ministers' Society of the Baptist Church of Ontario, and the success to the institution is, in a large measure, due to his liberality and excellent management. He has always given careful and conscien- tious attention to political questions, and though he has been a steadfast Liberal through his life, he has never exhibited nar- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 465 rowness of view, and cannot be called a partizan. He is a man whose allegiance to his party could be counted upon to exist only as long as the principles advocated by that party maintained his respect and con- fidence. In the committee work of the Senate Mr. McMaster is one of the most active members, and his advice is always received with the highest deference. In- deed we may add that it is the presence of men like Senator McMaster that saves that institution from the iconoclastic hammer of the time. His course there is character- ized by great breadth of view, by wide information, by judicial calmness, and by dignity. His career has been, on the whole, not alone highly honourable to himself, but a credit to the land of his adoption. It goes without saying that the Senator is a Baptist. He has no children. Groves, Abraham, M. D., Fergus, Ontario, was born in the town of Peterboro', on the 8th September, 1847. He was a son of Abraham Groves, by Margaret, daughter of Gideon Gibson, one of the early pioneers of Canada, who served through the war of 1812-15, and fought at Lundy's Lane. Mr. Groves came to this country with his par- ents from the County of Wicklow, Ireland, about 1826, and settled in the vicinity of Peterboro'. In 1856 Mr. Groves removed to the County of Wellington, taking up his abode in the township of Garafraxa, where he pursued the occupation of farmer. He still lives on the old homestead. Mrs. Groves is also surviving. During the Mac- kenzie rebellion Mr. Groves took part on the loyalists side. The fruit of the marriage was thirteen children, the subject of this sketch being the second eldest of the family. He at first attended the common schools, but afterwards entered the High school at 1 ergus. Some time after leaving school he resolved to study medicine, and in 1868 en- tered the Toronto School of Medicine, where he remained until 1871, graduating M. D. in the same year, from the Toronto Univer- sity. After graduation he at once went to Fergus and entered into partnership with the late Dr. Munro, under the firm name of Munro & Groves, which partnership ex- isted two years. After dissolution Dr. Groves practised for himself alone until 1874, when he took into partnership Dr. John Wishart, now lecturer at the Western University, at London, which partnership existed one year, Dr. Wishart then retir- ing. However, again in 1879, he took into partnership Dr. Thomas Chisholm, the association continuing for a year. In 1882 he again took another partner, Dr. J. F. McMahon, now of Toronto, but this com- bination too dissolved in 1883; and since that time Dr. Groves has continued alone in business, now having one of the largest prac- tices in Fergus. In 1869 he graduated from the old Toronto Military school ; in 1882 he was elected to the village council of Fergus, and was re-elected for the years of 1883 and 1884. He was elected reeve for 1885, but owing to his position of surgeon of the coun- ty poor house, he could not retain his seat. Dr. Groves is largely interested in real estate in the village, owning some of the finest buildings there, among which struc- tures may be mentioned the Imperial Bank building, constructed of brown stone. He was also the builder, and is proprietor of the " Groves Roller Mills," which, when com- pleted, will have a capacity of seventy bar- rels per day. He is a member of the Free- mason Mercer lodge, No. 347 ; is surgeon and member of the Oddfellows' lodge No. 73, and has held all of the offices in that order. He is also a member of the Royal Templars, and physician to lodge No. 124. In 1878 Dr. Groves was appointed physician and surgeon to the Grand Trunk Railway at Fer- gus, which position he still holds. In 1882 he was appointed physician and surgeon to the Wellington county House of Industry, and this office he still likewise retains. In politics he has held aloof from parties, though sincerely interested in the welfare of the country. He is a member of the Church of England, and has been church warden for twelve years of St. James church, Fergus. He married in 1874, Jennie, daugh- ter of the late William Gibbon, of Elora, and by this lady has a family of two children. Dr. Groves enjoys the repute of being a very skilful surgeon, and he was the first to perform in Canada the operation technically known to the profession as supra pubic lithotomy. His whole interests are bound up in his profession, and to this may be at- tributed the large measure of success which he has achieved. Miller, John Stewart, Centreville, Ontario, was born on September 17th, 1844, in the township of Camden, County of Addington, Ontario, being the only son of Thomas Miller and Christian Madden. Our subject received a common school edu- cation in his native township, and graduated from the Ontario Commercial College at Belleville, in 1871. He was attached to No. 1 company, 48th battalion ; lieutenant in 1879; and on the disbandment of the 48th battalion, attached to the 47th battalion. In. A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 466 1875 he was appointed clerk of Camden township, and still holds that position. He was admitted a member of the Orange asso- ciation in 1864 ; served as county master of Lennox and Addington in 1878 and 18/9 ; joined the Masonic fraternity in 1869 ; act- ed as master of Victoria lodge, No. 299, in 1870-71 ; assisted in organizing Lome lodge, A.F. and A. M., Tam worth, acting as first master, and still holds that position. Mr. Miller was brought up under the in- structions of the Methodist denomination, his mother having joined that church in 1828. She is still living, and continues a member of the Methodist body. Our subject married, in 1871, Carrie, second daughter of James Hawley, of Centreville ; but she died February 24th, 1874. He married the second time, in 1877, Annie, eldest daughter of Robert Robertson, of Kingston. Mr. Miller occupied himself with farming on the homestead, lot 30, 7th concession of Camden ; but in 1883 he pur- chased a half interest in the mercantile busi- ness of A. N. Lapum, and at the time of writing is engaged in the above pursuits. He was appointed secretary of the Liberal- Conservative Association of Addington in 1880, and still holds that office. He is a consistent Conservative, but he has nothing in his character of the narrow party bigot. In all his relations he is popular and highly esteemed. Blackburn, Josiah, Managing Edi- tor of the London Free Press, was born at London, England, in 1823. He received his education at the City of London School, and came to Canada in 1850. Having a taste for literary work and political writ- ing, naturally he soon drifted into news- paper work. In 1851 we find him associ- ated with the Paris Star, but an opening occurring during the following year he pur- chased the interest of the London Free Press, assuming charge at the close of 1852. He aided soon afterwards in the establishment of the Ingersoll Chronicle, and for some time conducted both papers. In 1855 the daily Free Press was issued. At that time he was in accord with the Reform party of the day, and was a candidate at the general election in 1858, but was defeated by the late Marcus Talbot. In 1859 a difference arose with his political friends, growing out of the attitude of the Globe with respect to an attack made in its columns on the motives of the judges in the decisions which they gave in the epi- sode known as the "double shuffle." His course was hotly denounced, and an attempt was made to dragoon him, after the manner of those times. Shortly afterwards he ad- duced reasons why the reformers should look to the late Hon. John Sandfield Mac- donald as their leader. In 1862 that highly honoured man was called to office at Quebec, and Mr. Blackburn was asked by his govern- ment to conduct the Mercury in the interest of the ministry, to which our subject agreed, availing himself of the excellent services of George Sheppard. After the fall of the Sandfield Macdonald administration in 1864, a coalition of parties took place, on the basis of the confederation of the whole of the B. N. A. provinces ; the Hon. George Brown finding himself in the same cabinet with his ancient opponents, Sir John Macdonald and Sir George E. Cartier. Supporting that movement and those who brought it about, Mr. Blackburn remained attached to the men and the cause which they represented, and thus declined, with others, to follow the Hon. Mr. Brown into opposition when he retired from the ranks of the Coalition gov- ernment. The provincial administration of John Sandfield Macdonald having been formed, it found in the Free Press a warm supporter. In 1872 Mr. Blackburn was re- quested to aid in the establishment of the Toronto Mail, remaining in the discharge of that duty for about fifteen months. In 1881 he wasappointed as one of the chief officers in connection with the taking of the census. In 1884 he was named on a commission to pro- ceed to Washington to investigate the methods of public printing adopted there, reporting on the same. Mr. Blackburn has been recognised in many ways as a useful member of the Canadian press, and he has been an extremely active journalist. Upon political questions Mr. Blackburn's judg- ment is admitted to be very sound, and he never, by haste or immature consideration as a journalist, prejudices the interests of his party. Worthington, Addison, Licentiate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, and Provincial Licentiate, and Coroner for the County of Huron, was born in the township of Longueuil, County of Prescott, Upper Canada, on June 3, 1818. His father, Stephen Hall Worthington, was a native of Wallingford, Connecticut ; and his mother, Elizabeth (Ford) Worthington, was born in Plainfield, Massachusetts, both being of good New England descent. His father's' ancestor, Nicholas Worthington, emigrated to Connecticut in 1650 from Lan- cashire, England. As the name of Worth- ington is pretty widely diffused in Canada and the United States, those who bear it CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 467 may be interested in learning that it is derived from the township of Worthington, which is situated in the " hundred " of Ley- land and parish of Standish, in Lancashire, about twenty miles north-east of Liverpool. Here, according to Burke, the family of Worthington " have been established in high repute from the time of the Planta- genets." Stephen Hall Worthington, at the age of twenty-five, enlisted in the American army during the war of 1812. He was in the action of Fort Erie, and was taken pris- oner during a sortie. He was sent with a party of prisoners destined for Halifax, but escaped on the way, and remained in the County of Prescott. Here he not only found protection and friends among the settlers, but, having a good Connecticut education, was induced by them to open a school in that county. He continued in this occupa- tion the greater part of the time until the year 1824, when he removed with his family to Geauga county, in the State of Ohio, where some property had descended to his wife from her father. Young Addison re- ceived here a good common school educa- tion, and attended for a time the Paines- ville academy. His father wished him to study medicine, but he was then too young to appreciate the advice. He had, like many ingenious lads, a turn for mechanical work, and was at his own desire apprenticed at the age of fifteen to a joiner. When he had mastered this trade, he turned his attention to that of a millwright, which offered better scope for his talents. He erected several mills, with what were then the latest scien- tific improvements, in Ohio, in northern New York, and finally in Canada. During the winter he followed occasionally the parental occupation of school-keeping. An attack of illness, resulting from malaria, gave him the opportunity for study, and led him finally to the resolution of following his father's advice, and adopting the profession of medicine. He began his studies in 1842, when he was twenty-four years of age. To gain the necessary means, he continued to work at his calling in the summer and to teach school in the winter, all the time pur- suing his medical course. This he finally completed under Dr. Alexander Wylie, who was a graduate of Glasgow University, and then an eminent physician in Dundas county. In May, 1851, he received both his college and provincial licenses, and at once commenced practice in what was then the village of Matilda, now the town of Iro- quois. Here he soon attained a good prac- tice, which in a few years was largely in- creased. During the summer of 1853, an epidemic of scarlet fever prevailed among children in that vicinity, and was very fatal. Dr. Worthington, not satisfied with the re- sults of the ordinary treatment, carefully searched medical books to find, if possible, some more successful method. He was struck with the good effects recorded of the treatment of malignant scarlatina by Dr. Hiram Corson, of Consohocken, Penn., who had great success with the application of ice and cold water, and decided to adopt it when occasion should arise. In the autumn of 1855, a very extensive epidemic of the fever in a malignant form broke out in his section, and lasted several months. On this occasion Dr. Worthington treated about three hundred cases on this system, with the best results. He has since continued this method with equally good effects, and it is becoming more and more general. He made it the subject of a paper which he read at the meeting of the Canada Medical Asso- ciation, held at Halifax, in September, 1881. His paper was well received, and was pub- lished in the Canada Lancet of the following month. Thirty years ago the best country practice gave but moderate returns, and in the hope of increasing his income, Dr. Worthington was induced to enter a mer- cantile partnership. This enterprise had the usual result of such undertakings, when attempted by professional men whose duties prevent them from giving their personal at- tention to the business. It proved a failure, and Dr. Worthington lost all his savings. Not daunted by this reverse, he determined to begin anew in what was them deemed the most promising section of the Canadian west. He removed in 1862 to the County of Huron, and commenced practice at first in the new township of Howick, whence in 1872 he removed to the more central town of Clinton, where his children could have the benefit of the superior schools for which that town is noted. He has since resided in Clinton, and has acquired a large prac- tice in that town and the neighbouring townships. Here he became a member of the Huron County Medical Association, of which he has been secretary and president. He was elected a member of the Canada Medical Association at the meeting held at Ottawa in 1880 ; and in June, 1881, he took part in the organization of the Ontario Med- ical Association at Toronto. At successive meetings of this association he contributed papers on the subjects of diphtheria and epi- demic cerebro-spinal meningitis. Finally, at the meeting held at Hamilton, in 1884, 468 A CYCLOPEDIA OF he received the highest compliment his med- ical brethren of the province could pay him, in being elected president of this now large and flourishing association, for the following year. The meeting held at London in June, 1885, under his presidency, was in point of numbers and interest a most successful one, and was attended by several medical pro- fessors of distinction from the colleges of the United States and Canada. Dr. Worthing- ton contributed to the Canada Medical As- sociation, at the Montreal meeting, held in September, 1884, a paper on polyuria,which was published in the Canada Medical and Surgical Journal in the following October; and at the Chatham meeting, in September, 1885, a paper on intermittent cerebro-spinal meningitis, which is not yet published. In later years his attention has been specially directed to the subject of gynaecology, (dis- eases of women) in connection with his gen- eral practice. He is often called in consul- tation, particularly in difficult surgical cases, where his steadiness of hand and readiness of resource, derived from his early mechan- ical experience, have proved of much advan- tage. Dr. Worthington has been called to many positions of public trust. He held the office of coroner for the united counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry for about ten years ; was for several years local superintendent of schools in the township of Matilda, and held the same office for three years in the township of Howick ; was for a term English master in the Dundas county Grammar school; and was for about eight years a trustee of the Clinton High school. He was a member of the Clinton town coun- cil for the year 1880 ; and license commis- sioner during the life of the Crooks Act, with the exception of that year. He was one of the committee for the township of Howick, appointed to secure the construc- tion of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Rail- way ; and as secretary of the county com- mittee, took an active part in securing the means for the completion of the London, Huron and Bruce Railway. He has taken a warm interest in the temperance movement from the beginning, and has held various offices in connection with it. He has been a member of the Masonic order since 1857, and has been first master of three different lodges, whose numbers are 143, 162, 225. He is now a member of Huron and Seaforth Royal Arch chapters, Nos. 30 and 66 • also a member of the St. Elmo Preceptory. Dr. Worthington has been three times married- first, on October 24, 1843, to Harriet Eliza- beth, eldest daughter of Peter Carman, of Iroquois, County of Dundas, Ontario. Her death occurred on April 12th, 1868 ; and he again married, on June 9th, 1869, Sarah, eldest daughter of John Carroll, of East Zorra, County of Oxford, Ontario. Her death took place on December 23, 1872. He married, on May 25th, 1874, his present wife, Louisa, second daughter of Constant Louis Van Egmond, of Egmondville, County of Huron, Ontario, and grand-daughter of Colonel Anthony Van Egmond. Colonel Van Egmond, as many persons will be inter- ested in learning, had served with distinc- tion under Wellington, and was a lineal de- scendant of the celebrated and unfortunate patriot, Count Van Egmond, famous in the Thirty Years' war, and in the pages of Goethe and Schiller. Dr. Worthington has had children by his first and third marriages. Cumming, Hugh Francis, Chatham, Ontario, a typical Scotchman in persever- ance and other recognized virtues of the land of the heather, was born on Sept. 26th, 1826, in Rothiemurchus, Inverness- shire, and received his early educational in- struction at the parish school. Like many of his countrymen, he decided on making Canada his home, and accordingly emigrated in 1844, arriving in the fall of the year. He engaged in general business in Deleware and Sarnia, and took up his residence in Kent in the winter of 1856, this being the period when the Great Western Railway was in the process of construction, and when the large sums so spent gave an impetus to business. He engaged in general com- merce in Chatham, and being an excel- lent buyer, and a discerning judge of goods, he gave general satisfaction, while the up- rightness of his tansactions established his mercantile character on an enduring basis. Having finally sold out in 1874, during the following year he was appointed by the Governor-in-Council, official assignee for the County of Kent, under the Insolvent Act of 1875, and continued to discharge the duties appertaining thereto with much' ac- ceptance until the Act was repealed. Since then he has devoted his energies chiefly to the work of moral reform. In politics he was always a consistent Reformer, and un- successfully, though energetically, contested the seat in the Local House against the pre- sent member for Kent, Mr. Clancey, and re- tired from the field with honour and with the respect of his opponents. He was large- ly instrumental in having the separation by-laws passed in Chatham, and procur- ing the submission of the Scott Act to the people of Kent. He had a hard strug- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHT. 469 gle in this contest, being president of the County of Kent Temperance Association, the headquarters of which was in Chat- ham. In the battle which ensued, Mr. Cumming used his utmost power, sparing neither time nor money, and he had the satisfaction of seeing the Act passed by a majority only second to that of Middlesex. Mr. Cumming is hale and hearty, is of medium height, of genial manners and active movements. He is averse to personal notoriety, and his character is safe without the need of eulogy. He has travelled ex- tensively over the continent of North Am- erica, and being of an observing nature, he has retained a vast amount of useful infor- mation, which he is always willing to impart for the benefit of his friends. He married Eliza, daughter of Mr. King, one of the leading residents of Kingussie, Scotland. In religion he is a strict and consistent Presbyterian. Sinclair, Lachlin C'urray, M.D., Tilsonburg, Ontario, was born in the town- ship of Caledon, then in York county, On- tario, on the 14th of February, 1839. He is a son of John and Jane Sinclair, the maiden name of his mother being Currie. She was a daughter of the late Lachlin Currie, of Islay, Argyleshire, Scotland. The parents were wedded in Scotland, and shortly after- wards departed for Canada, settling in what is now the County of Peel, Ontario. The family, except the subject of this sketch, re- mained here till 1865, and then removed to Petrolia, where they resided until the death of John Sinclair, which occurred in 1872. A family of seven remained, the subject of this sketch being the second youngest. Lachlin C. Sinclair received a common school education and when he attained his seven- teenth year, in 1856, went to Toronto, and entered the Normal school there. From this institution he took a first-class grade A teacher's certificate in 1857, and he re- turned to Caledon, where he taught school for a year. The year following he taught at Churchville, Toronto township ; and when his agreement expired, returned to Toronto and entered the arts department of Toronto University, where he remained for one term. He then began the study of medicine at the Toronto School of Medicine, but financial reverses having fallen upon the family, he was compelled, like many other prominent members of his profession, to de- pend upon his own exertions for the com- pletion of his education. With this object in view, he removed to Tilsonburg, Oxford county, where he taught school again for a period ; going back once more to Toronto, and resuming his study of medicine. In 1864, he graduated M.D., and returned to Tilsonburg, where he at once entered upon the practice of his profession, joining in partnership with Dr. S. Joy. This associa- tion lasted only a year, and Dr. Sinclair carried on his practice alone. He was the very embodiment of energy, and after a few months he found himself established in a fair practice; which has since continued steadily to grow, till now it is both exten- sive and profitable. At the time of the Fe- nian raid, Dr. Sinclair patriotically assisted in raising a company for active service, and was first lieutenant of the same. After a connection of three years with the service, he resigned. In 1868, he was elected school trustee, and sat upon the board and was sec- retary-treasurer for six years. Upon the in- corporation of the town, in 1872, he was elected a councillor, and held that office for two years. In 1875 he was elected mayor by acclamation, and re-elected in 1876. For the four succeeding years he took no active part in municipal affairs, but in 1881, his friends prevailed with him, and he was elected councillor. In 1882, he was re-elected ; and in 1883, he was again sent to the mayor's chair, and reinstated there in 1884 and 1885. He is a director of the Tilson- burg Agricultural Manufacturing Company : is a member of King Hiram lodge of Free- masons, No. 78, Tilsonburg, and held the office of master of that lodge for several years. He is president of the North Norfolk Conservative Association, and has likewise been president of the South Oxford Asso- ciation ; also honorary president of the Til- sonburg Young Men's Conservative Club. In 1882, he contested the Riding of North Norfolk in the interest of his party, for the House of Commons, but was defeated, but no doubt will be again the standard-bearer of his party. Dr. Sinclair is a Methodist, and is a trustee and steward of the Tilsonburg Methodist church. In early life he was a Presbyterian, but for conscientious reasons, afterwards, in 1875, changed his views. He married in 1867, Roxilana, daughter of Joseph Van Norman, one of the pioneers of Long Point, Norfolk county, who was one of the first iron founders, in that place. She died in 1875, leaving two sons. He married, two years afterwards, Lillie, daugh- ter of E. D. Tilson, of Tilsonburg, by whom he has two daughters. Dr. Sinclair is a man of broad public spirit, a successful practitioner, and a man held in very high esteem by the community, and has done 470 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF much to promote the prosperity of his town by his example in building very extensively, and in every way showing his confidence in its future possibilities. Maclaren, John Janies, Q.C., To- ronto, was born near Lachute, Quebec, July 1st, 1842. His father, John Maclaren, a far- mer, who came from Callander, Scotland, died when J. J. Maclaren was four years old. His mother, Janet Mackintosh, who came from Perthshire, Scotland, is still living. She removed to Huntingdon, Quebec, on the death of her husband. Mr. Maclaren was educated at Huntingdon academy, and Victoria college, Cobourg, the calendar of which shows that he took the B. A. degree in 1862, and the Prince of Wales gold medal. He took his M.A. in 1866, and be- came LL.B, in 1868. . Leaving college he studied law at McGill, Montreal, taking his B.C.L. in 1868. In 1868 he was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and in 1878 was appointed Q.C. He has been a member of the board of governors and an examiner in law at Victoria University for a number of years past. For many years he was the representative fellow-in-law in the corpor- ation of McGill University. He practiced his profession in partnership with N. W. Trenholme for a number of years; and was for a considerable period senior partner in the firm of Maclaren, Leet & Smith, of Montreal. He has steadily and by increas- ing industry, and professional brilliancy, risen till he now occupies one of the fore- most places in the bar of Canada. Among some of the principal cases in which he has been engaged were the long Oka Indian trials, which he brought to a successful issue ; the winding up of the Mechanics' Bank ; the defence of the Canada Temper- ance Act, and the Commercial Travellers' Association's cases in the Supreme Court, the former of which he finally won in the Privy Council in England, although pitted against him was the late Mr. Benjamin, then the leading counsel at the English bar ; the Exhibit Tax case, which he won in the Su- preme Court, and which has been affirmed by the Privy Council. Mr. Maclaren, we are also reminded by an authoritative state- ment before us, has been retained in nearly every English contested election case in the Province of Quebec, and has successfully defended the Witness newspaper in several libel suits. He has been president of the Reform Club, and his name has been as- sociated with very many educational, tem- perance and other philanthropic societies in Montreal, and throughout the Domin- ion. Mr. Maclaren is noted for his un- selfish public spirit, and for his active and unwearying sympathy withevexy bene- ficial movement. It is a good thing for a community when such men take a leading place in their profession. Our subject is a Methodist, and has been an active worker in the church for many years, and as a teacher and superintendent of Sabbath schools ; and has filled all the positions in the church for which laytoien are eligible. He has taken an active part in all sorts of religious, educational, temperance and ben- evolent work; in the Y. M.C.A. of Mont- real and Toronto ; in the Dominion Alliance as counsel for the central council, and the provincial bodies in Montreal and Toronto ; and as a member of the board of Victoria University, McGill University, and the Montreal Wesleyan college. In 1884 he was called to the bar of Ontario, and removed to Toronto, where he is now in practice, suc- ceeding Mr. Justice Rose as head of the pres- ent firm 'of Maclaren, Macdonald, Mer- ritt & Shepley. Mr. Maclaren married, first, Margaret G., daughter of the late James L. Matheson, of Montreal. She died in 1875 ; and he married again, Mary, youngest daughter of J. L. Mathewson. Ritchie, George, Belleville, Ontario, was born on the 24th August, 1831, at Woolwich, England, and died at Belleville, Ontario, on the IGth May, 1877. His father, Robert Ritchie, late of the Ordnance de- partment, came to this country in 1837. He had previously served in the Royal artillery in the Peninsular war, and was present at the memorable retreat of Cor- unna, and was near that brave and gallant general, Sir John Moore, when he fell. On his return home he was made command- ant of Tilbury Fort, and subsequently was appointed librarian to the military library at Woolwich, but on account of failing health he was recommended to go abroad, and received an appointment in Canada as barrack master and Ordnance store-keeper at Ottawa, then Bytown. On the transfer by the Imperial authorities of the Ordnance lands to the Colonial government, and the withdrawal of troops and stores, he retired from the service in 1857 and came to Belle- ville, where the subject of this memoir had preceded him, and died there on the 22nd April, 1872, at the age of eighty-six, hon- oured and respected by all who knew him. George Ritchie, our subject, had engaged in commercial enterprise, and by his energy and business ability succeeded in establish- ing an extensive trade on a solid basis, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 471 which, since his death has, under the management of his brother, Thomas, con- tinued to assume still greater proportions, and is probably now the largest of the kind between Montreal and Toronto. In- heriting the sterling qualities of his parents, he became an influence which was felt much beyond the sphere of his imme- diate surroundings. He was one of the prime movers in the i lan to relieve the country of the silver nuisance which embar- rassed trade at the time of, and subsequent to, the American war, which plan was afterwards taken up, and fully carried out by the late Sir Francis Hincks. Being somewhat of a retiring disposition, he never could be prevailed upon to be put in nomi- nation for parliamentary or municipal re- presentation ; but he always took a lively interest in all matters pertaining to the publie weal. His opinion was eagerly sought, and he ungrudgingly gave his time and wise counsel for the common good. He was singularly upright and honourable in all his dealings, and generous to a fault. He never was married, and his only surviv- ing relatives in Canada are Thomas Ritchie, president of the Belleville Board of Trade, and his sister Agnes. Woods, Robert Stuart, Q.C., Chat- ham, Ontario, Revising Officer of the elec- toral district of Kent, Junior Judge of Kent, and Local Judge of the High Court of Justice, was born at Sandwich, Essex, Ont, in 1819. He is the fourth son of the late James Woods, barrister-at-law, and Elizi- beth, seventh daughter of the late Hon. Alexander Grant. Mr. Woods' father was a lawyer from the Montreal bar, and came to the western district in 1800, where he became a prominent and successful man, leaving behind him a large landed estate. His grandfather was a Scotchman, engaged in mercantile pursuits in St. Johns, Lower Canada. Mr. Woods' maternal grandfather, Commodore Grant, was of the ancient family of Glenmoriston, Inverness, Scot- land, and came to Canada as a midshipman under Lord Amherst, and in 1759, was appointed by General Amherst to the com- mand of a sloop of war, and took an active part in the stirring events of that period. He became fi st commander or commodore of our western lakes. At the time of his death he had been upwards of fifty-seven years an officer in the King's service. He was one of the seven gentle- men called by Governor Simcoe to the first Legislative Council of Upper Canada; and in 1806, was president or lieutenant-gover- nor of that province. It is a somewhat re- markable circumstance, that both these Scotch Presbyterian grandfathers should have married, at opposite ends of Canada, French-Canadian Roman Catholic wives. Mr. Woods was educated at the district Grammar school for the western district, Sandwich, under the Rev. David Robertson and the Rev. William Johnson, up to the age of seventeen, and subsequently under the Rev. Alexander Gale at Hamilton. The old curriculum of that day was the " three R's," with a book or two of Euclid, Caesar, Virgil and Cicero, and later on French. At eighteen, Mr. Woods took an active part in the rebellion of 1837, going to the relief of Toronto, under Col. MacNab, in the steamer Gore, as one of the celebrated fifty-six men of Gore, on the first day of the rebellion, by which means the city was saved from Mackenzie's forces. He follow- ed Sir Allan MacNab throughout the cam- paign, and was engaged in the cutting out of the Caroline, of which, and the im- portant consequences attendant upon this international embroglio, Mr. Woods has written an interesting brochure. He stud- ied his profession under Judge O'Reilly, of Hamilton, and was called to the bar in 1842, became Q.C. in 1872, and continued the practice of his profession up to the time of his appointment of junior judge, in 1885. He was solicitor of the county coun- cil of the western district from the year 1846 to 1849, and is the oldest municipal officer in the County of Kent, except George Young, J. P., of Harwich. Mr. Woods re- members acting as judge of the division court through the western district, when the circuit was 150 miles in length, and requir- ed three weeks for the work. In 1850 he came to reside in Kent, and has been an active advocite of railways, plank and gravel roads, canals and other public enter- prises, and to this end has freely contributed his means and energies. To him is awarded the credit of having forced the Hamilton people into the construction of the Great Western Railway by his vigorous efforts in the country and before parliament to dis- place that charter by the Niagara and De- troit Rivers Railway, which, on the opening of the Michigan Central to Chicago, in 1849, became an indispensable link between the railways <>f New York and the West. In this Mr. Woods had the support of the management of the Michigan Central. He has never had any connection with a brotherhood or any secret society, and has always preferred his personal independence 472 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF to any advantage to be gained by connec- tion with any fraternity. He is a member of the Church of England, with a strong sympathy for all denominations of Christ- ians, arising, no doubt, from his Norman and Scottish descent, and Presbyterian tra- ditions. He is a member of the Church of England synod, and is a warm advocate of temperance and all legislation in aid of it; and he has been president of the Kent branch of the Dominion Alliance, and other associations in connection with the cause. He has always been an active member of the Liberal-Conservative party, and lays claim to the merit of never knowing change, or even the shadow of change, in his political sym- pathies and relations, while enjoying the most cordial relations with the leading men of opposite views, both in his county and the province at large. In 1854 he con- tested Kent against Larwill, McKellar, and Waddell, when Mr. Larwill was re- turned, and Mr. Woods defeated on the secularization of the Clergy Reserves, on which question he was in advance of his party. In 1849 he married Emma Eliza- beth, the eldest daughter of the Hon. John E. Schwarz, adjutant-general of the State of Michigan. Tye, George Archer, M.D., Chat- ham, Ontario, was born on 12th July, 1835, at Swindon, Wiltshire, England. He is a son of William Archer Tye, and Sarah Hawkins, who came to Canada in 1845. George Archer attended the common schools of Canada in his earlier years, and subse- quently the Provincial Model school from which he holds a first-class grade A certifi- cate, dated 1858. With respect to his medical education, he pursued one term in the college of Physicians and Surgeons, at New York, and one term in Long Island College Hospital, where he graduated in 1866. He likewise attended one term in Rolph School of Medicine, Toronto, and se- cured the degree of M.D. from the Univer- sity of Victoria in 1867. Dr. Tye has been assistant surgeon of the 24th Kent battalion for eleven years, having received his com- mission in 1874. He was one of the coun- cillors of the village of Thamesville for three years from its incorporation; was chairman of the Board of School Trustees for four years, and examiner in Histology and Physiology for the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, for six years, from 1881 to 1885. He was likewise appointed by the senate of the University of Toronto as examiner in physiology and pathology for 1886. Dr. Tye was one of the first vice- presidents of the Ontario Medical Associa- tion in Toronto, and was elected president of the Ontario Medical Association in Lon- don, in June, 1885. He is past master of Tecumseh lodge, A. F. & A. M., Thames- ville, which he joined in 1869. He is also a member of United Workmen, American Legion of Honour. Our subject has always been identified with the Reform party in electoral division of Bothwell, and was sec- retary of the Bothwell Reform Association for many years. He took an active interest in the return of the Hon. A. McKellar, the Hon David Mills, and the late D. Mc- Craney. He was a member of the Epis- copal Church from childhood until he reached his twentieth year, when he thought well to unite with the regular Baptists, to which body he now adheres. He married on 1st December, 1858, Hannah, second daughter of William Decow, of Howard. This lady died in May, 1877, leaving three daughters and two sons, and he married again in July, 1878, Louisa McIntyre, of Chatham. Pro- fessionally Dr. Tye's standing is very high, and his career has been marked by industry and rich achievement. Woods, James P., Q.C., Stratford, Ontario, was born on the 2nd April, 1840, in Devonshire, England. He is a son of James Woods, of Devonshire, descended from a Hampshire family of that name, by his wife Ann Vanstone, of a well-known Devonshire family. James P. Woods emi- grated with his parents to Canada in 1842, settling in Stratford, then a small hamlet, where he received his education, at first at- tending the junior grades, and afterwards passing through the Stratford and Goderich Grammar schools. Having completed his educational studies, he felt an inclination for the law, and when he had attained his six- teenth year, entered upon the study of the legal profession in the office of D. H. Lizars, now County judge at Stratford. In 1863 he was called to the bar, and at once began to practice his profession ; having the satisfaction of seeing a handsome practice grow as the result of his ability and industry. Though a diligent lawyer, Mr. Woods has given his attention to enterprises of a more or less public nature. To his en- terprise of public spirit Stratford mainly owes its gas and water works. He has held the position of president of the Gas Com- pany ever since its formation, about fifteen years ago, and was president of the Water Supply Company since its organization, but retired last year; he is still on the directorate. Railway extension had in him CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 473 an active and influential promoter. He has taken a deep interest in educational matters and is one of the trustees of the Stratford Collegiate Institute. He has abiding faith in the ability of the Conservative party, and believes that the policy of Sir John A. Mac- donald's government has been, and must prove to be, advantageous to the public in- terests generally. His connection with secret societies has been confined to the Masonic order, of which he has been a member since 1864, having been worthy master of Tecum- seh lodge in 1868. His religious views, in which he is steadfast, are those of the Church of England. Mr. Woods married, in 1870, Maria C., daughter of Thomas Hodge, for- merly of St. Thomas, Ontario. Clarke, James, Chemist and Druggist, Belleville, Ontario, was born in Belleville, on February 17,1850, and died there on Oct- ober 24, 1884, in the 35th year of his age, being the eldest son of Francis and Mary Clarke. The late lamented subject of this sketch received his education at the Belle- ville Grammar school, under the late Alex- ander Burdon, and was always regarded as apt and brilliant in his classes. Through life he was a faithful member of the Church of England, and an upright Christian man. He served his apprenticeship as chemist and druggist under the late C. G. Levisconte, and on the formation of the Ontario College of Pharmacy obtained a diploma of quali- fied chemist and druggist, which business (as senior partner of the late firm of James Clarke & Co.) he conducted successfully until his death. He took considerable in- terest in military matters, and was lieuten- ant in the Sedentary militia, and a member of the 49th battalion Hastings Rifles. He was a member of Belleville lodge, No. 123, A.F. and A.M., and Moira chapter, No. 7, Royal Arch Masons. He was always inter- ested in out-door sports, being an active member of the Belleville Curling Club, and treasurer of the Bay of Quintd Sportsman's Club from its formation. He was also one of the first and most active members of the Bay of Quintd Yacht Club, and was its com- modore for the year 1883. Mr. Clarke was one of Belleville's most successful and thorough business men, and was well known and beloved for his liberality and genial disposition. He was, as we have said, an ardent lover of manly sports, and was al- ways ready to take a leading part in the formation of societies for their promotion and encouragement. His loss created a void in the community, where his memory will long remain fresh. Hagarty, Hon. John Hawkins, Chief Justice of Ontario, was born on the 17th of September, 1816, in Dublin, and was a son of Mathew Hagarty, Examiner of Her Majesty's Court of Prerogative for Ireland. The lad was carefully trained in the private school of the Rev. Mr. Huddart ; and when his course here was ended-being then in his sixteenth year-he entered Trinity College, Dublin, where he com- pleted his education. He emigrated to the colonies in 1834, taking up his abode at To- ronto. Here, in 1835, he entered upon the study of law in the office of the late George Duggan, being called to the bar in 1840. He at once began practice in Toronto, enter- ing into partnership in 1846 with the late John Crawford. From his very first ap- pearance at the bar it was manifest that the young advocate was endowed with far above the ordinary talent, and his re- pute for ability soon made him master of a lucrative and important practice. Ten years after he had been called to the bar he was invested with the silken gown of counsellor by the Baldwin administration ; and he still continued, as he had already been, to be one of the most brilliant mem- bers of the Canadian bar. In 1856 a vacancy occurred on the bench, and at once the eyes of the executive were turned towards the distinguished Queen's Counsel at Toronto ; and he was offered the appoint- ment, which he accepted. He was not less eminent among his brother judges than he had been in the midst of his associates at the bar, and when, in 1868, a vacancy occurred in the chief justiceship of Com- mon Pleas, he was appointed to that exalted office. It suffices here to say that the Chief Justice Hagarty has always shown a wide knowledge of the law, a thorough grasp of principles, and a fearlessness in discharging his duty. His judgments show careful thought and elaborate research, and in all that the judge has penned or uttered there is a literary warmth and flavour, not usual in the parlance of courts. But the distin- guished subject of this sketch calls for other treatment than as a judge when stock comes to be taken of his career. In letters his place is a high one, and if his name is not familiar to a large number of the lovers of belles lettres it is because he has fallen under the curse which so long rested upon native literature. In 1847 Dr. McCaul established a Canadian annual known as the Maple Leaf; and to this periodical the subject of this sketch contributed verse, much of which would have been creditable to any pen. We A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 474 Followers of the Victor Eagle, when his flight was wild and far; Men who panted in the death-strife on Rodrigo's bloody ridge, Hearts that sicken'd at the death-shriek from the Russian's shatter'd bridge ; Men who heard the immortal war-cry of the wild Egyptian fight- " Forty centuries o'erlook us from yon Pyra- mid's gray height!" They who heard the moans of Jaffa, and the breach of Acre knew- They who rushed their foaming war-steeds on the squares of Waterloo- They who loved him-they who fear'd him-they who in his dark hour fled- Round the mighty burial gather, spell-bound by the awful Dead ! Churchmen- Princes-Statesmen-W arriors-all a kingdom's chief array, And the Fox stands-crowned Mourner-by the Eagle's hero-clay ! But the last high rite is paid him, and the last deep knell is rung- . And the cannon's iron voices have their thunder- requiem sung- And, 'mid banners idly drooping, silent gloom and mouldering state, Shall the Trampier of the world upon the Judg- ment-trumpet wait. Yet his ancient foes had given him nobler monu- mental pile, Where the everlasting dirges moan'd around the burial Isle- Pyramid upheaved by Ocean in his loneliest wilds afar, For the War-King thunder-stricken from his fiery battle-car ! A poem like this needs no approving words, for its merit is seen in every trumpet line. As Mr. Davin says, in the " Irishman in Canada" :-"The dramatic fire and enthu- siasm of battle will surprise those whose knowledge of the chief justice does not go deeper than his demeanour in court or in a drawing-room. A good poet was sacrificed to the lawyer and the judge." With general literature he is thoroughly familiar, and there is a warmth and a thrill of literary fervour in his conversation, when he is cast with congenial spirits. He has the gift, too, of his mother land, of " mother wit," and when upon his feet, or sitting at his desk, he is master of a pervading but unobtrusive humour. Mercer, John, Chatham, Sheriff of the County of Kent, is a descendant of an old English family whose progenitors came over from Normandy with William the Conqueror, and settled near Battle, in the County of Sussex, members of the family still hold- ing the patent from William the Conqueror. make no apology for presenting the follow- ing poem, which appeared in the annual named on the loth December, 1840 :- THE FUNERAL OF NAPOLEON I. Cold and brilliant streams the sunlight on the wintry banks of Seine, Gloriously the imperial city rears her pride of tower and fane- Solemnly with deep voice pealeth, Notre Dame, thine ancient chime, Minute-guns the death-bell answer in the same deep measured time. On the unwonted stillness gather sounds of an advancing host. As the rising tempest chafeth on St. Helen's far- off coast; Nearer rolls a mighty pageant-clearer swells the funeral strain, From the barrier arch of Neuilly pours the giant burial train. Dark with eagles is the sunlight-darkly on the golden air Flap the folds of faded standards, eloquently mourning there- O'er the pomp of glittering thousands, like a battle-phantom flits Tatter'd flag of Jena, Friedland, Arcola, and Austerlitz. Eagle-crown'd and garland-circled, slowly moves the stately car, 'Mid a sea of plumes and horsemen-all the burial pomp of war- Riderless, a war-worn charger follows his dead master's bier- Long since battle-trumpet roused him -he but lived to follow here. From his grave 'mid ocean's dirges, moaning surge and sparkling foam, Lo, the Imperial Dead returneth ! Io, the Hero- dust comes home ! He hath left the Atlantic island, lonely vale and willow tree, 'Neath the Invalides to slumber, 'mid the Gallic chivalry. Glorious tomb o'er glorious sleepers ! gallant fellowship to share- > Paladin and Peer and Marshal - France, thy noblest dust is there ! Names that light thy battle annals-names that shook the heart of earth ! Stars in crimson War's horizon-synonymes for martial worth ! Room within that shrine of heroes ! place, pale spectres of the past ! Homage yield, ye battle phantoms ! Lo, your mightiest comes at last ! Was Ais course the Woe out-thunder'd from pro- phetic trumpet's lips ? Was his type the ghostly horseman shadow'd in the Apocalypse? Gray-haired soldiers gather round him, relics of an age of war, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 475 Our subject was born in the City of London, England, May 16, 1816. His father was Robert Mercer, then a timber merchant in that city, and his mother was Sarah Hath- away Treacher. He was educated at a private school at Blackheath, in Kent, where Benjamin Disraeli was once a pupil. In 1833 Robert Mercer and family came to this country, and settled near Amherst- burg, then considered very far west. In those days emigration was much more of a task than it is now. The family were thir- teen weeks on the Atlantic ocean, and near- ly two days coming up the Hudson river ; six days on the Erie canal, and two days on Lake Erie. Twenty-seven years afterwards the mother of our subject visited England, and was only as many days in making the whole trip as she was weeks in 1833 in cross- ing the ocean. In 1835 the family moved to what is now Windsor, then a suburb of Sandwich, containing but one store kept by the Dougalls, a tavern and a blacksmith's shop. Our subject, now nineteen years of age, visited the United States, spending two years in Philadelphia, until the breaking out of the rebellion in 1837, when he re- turned home to defend his adopted country. Travelling from Albany to Lewiston, he stopped at the Eagle Hotel, Rochester, and whilst partaking of a late supper Dr. Rolph walked in and sat opposite him, having ■only that day effected his escape across the lines. From Rochester, Mr. Mercer travelled by stage in company with a party of Ameri- can sympathizers, on their way to join the rebels on Navy Island, who upon arrival at Lewiston caused him to be arrested and placed in the custody of a rebel guard ; but he effected his escape during the night, found a canoe and paddled himself across toQueens- ton, the rebels firing a few volleys at him as he crossed the Niagara river. The com- mencement of the winter of 1837 was a very open one, there being very little sleighing, making stage travelling very tedious. Upon his arrival at London he learned that Dr. Theller, of "schooner Anne " notoriety, had only the day before arrived under escort from Windsor, and having known him in Detroit he obtained permission to pay him a visit in London gaol. The doctor expressed much surprise at his incarceration, admitting that he had been greatly deceived, as he expected to find the whole country in revolt ; but that when he displayed a star he wore on his breast, instead of joining his standard they only laughed at him. Mr. Mercer reached the Western District in time to be present at the battles of Fighting Island and Pelee Island. In 1838 he visited England, and on the 15th June, 1839, at All Saints' Chapel, Norwood, married Bathia Sarah Morrison, a playmate of his early years (whose irreparable loss and death occurred on the 17th March, 1879, at Chatham, Ontario). Our subject returned to Canada with his wife in 1840, and soon afterwards was appointed the first post-mas- ter at Windsor, being also deputy-collector of Customs. At the same time he was deputy- sheriff of the Western District, which com- prised the counties of Essex. Kent, and Lambton ; and in 1853, after the separation of the three counties, he was appointed, under Sir Francis Hincks' administration, sheriff of the County of Kent, a position he has now held for over thirty-two years. There are four children by his marriage, two daughters and two sons. Bathia Sarah (the eldest), is widow of the late F. G. Elliott, pastor of the Episcopal church, Sandwich? Ellen Morrison is wife of A. G. McWhinney, of the Post-Office department, London ; Robert is governor of the county gaol, Chatham, and Harry is general Cana- dian and Michigan emigrant agent of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Company. Sheriff Mercer resides at Chat- ham, spending the summer months at his place, Raleigh Beach, on Lake Erie, thir- teen miles from Chatham, driving in and out every day to his office. Sheriff Mercer has never belonged to any society, either secret or otherwise. He is an ardent supporter of field sports, a member of Big Point and St. Anne's Shooting clubs, and vice-president of the Ontario Jockey Club. Moore, John T., Toronto, the subject of this sketch, was born in the township of Markham, York county, Ontario, on the 3rd of July, 1844. He is the second son of William K. and Isabella Moore, both of whom were natives of the County of Ty- rone, Ireland, whence, in early childhood, they had removed with their respective parents to Canada. The ancestral home of the Moores, in Tyrone, adjoined that of Sir William McArthur, ex-lord mayor of Lon- don, the dividing line being a brook that was a delight to boyish hearts. On a recent visit to London, England, Mr. Moore received, among many other marks of distinction, the princely hospitality of this playmate of his father. On the maternal side he bears kin- ship to the family of McClintock, that gave to the United States that distinguished divine and scholar, the late Rev. Dr. McClintock, of New York, and his almost equally-gifted 476 A CYCLOPEDIA OF brother, of Philadelphia. While Mr. Moore was yet an infant his parents removed from the farm, and his boyhood was passed in the town of Berlin, Ontario, where his father was the leading merchant during a long series of years, winning universal esti- mation for his unswerving rectitude. Mr. Moore received his education at the Central and Grammar schools at Berlin, where he distinguished himself by great aptitude for learning, and without much exertion was always at the head of his classes. In se- lecting his life-work he entered upon the study of law, wherein ambition led the way rather than conviction, which latter indi- cated to the earnest and thoughtful lad the pulpit as his fitting sphere. However, a little later, consideration for others made income a matter of moment, and the boy who, by studious habits and exemplary conduct, had attracted notice at school, was offered the most responsible situation in his own county, showing the confidence he had won. Thus it came that when emerging from his teens, Mr. Moore be- came deputy-registrar of the County of Waterloo. For six years he discharged the duties of this important position with courtesy, assiduity, and efficiency. When leaving this office in 1870 to engage in other pursuits, he was made the recipient of a banquet and valuable presentation by the members of the bar of the county and his fellow-citizens generally, as evidences of the high esteem in which they held him whom they had known for twenty years as man and boy. Since that period various manufacturing andcommercial pursuits have engaged his attention, and by ability and fidelity he has achieved prominence. As secretary of the Ontario Advisory Board of the Centennial Exhibition he performed dif- ficult public duties in a manner that elicited from the government a high encomium upon his energy, efficiency and economy. During the contest in 1877 for the adoption of the Dunkin Act in the County of York and the City of Toronto, he did yeoman service ; and he led and sustained a powerful total abstinence movement in north Toronto- then Yorkville-for some years thereafter. In him the temperance cause has an able and ardent advocate. As a platform speaker he is possessed of great fire and fluency. His vivid descriptive powers win for him wide popularity as a lecturer ; and that he wields a gifted and graphic pen is well at- tested by his recent serial-"Wonderland and Beyond." In politics Mr. Moore is what may be styled an independent Lib- eral. He has taken a hand in municipal affairs by solicitation and not by inclina- tion. He was elected by acclamation to the council of Yorkville, and was afterwards by acclamation elevated to the position of reeve. He became aiderman for St. Paul's ward, when Yorkville was annexed to To- ronto, and in 1884 he was re-elected to the Toronto city council over two other candi- dates. At the end of his term, he retired, from the city council on account of press of business. While in the council he did great service for municipal reform, improvement of the water supply, and the temperance cause ; and was the temperance party's standard-bearer in that body during the fight for the separation of the groggeries from the grocer shops. Mr. Moore is a lead- ing member of the Methodist church, and as Sabbath-school superintendent, class-leader, and local preacher, he renders efficient service. Indeed, as a pulpit supply he is much sought after for anniversary and other occasions, indicating that he occupies a foremost position as a preacher. He was a delegate to the closing General Conferences of the Canada Methodist body, and also to the first General Conference of the Methodist church, after union. His incisive speech in favour of union showed his strong powers as a debater ; and it was regarded as one of the ablest contributions during that memorable church parlia- ment. In 1871, Mr. Moore was married in Galt, to Annie, the fourth daughter of the late Alexander Addison, and the fruit of this marriage is three children, a daughter and two sons. In commercial and financial circles he is known and esteemed as an expert accountant, having conducted large and important transactions with the skill of a thorough mathematician. He is a firm believer that Canada has a great destiny in store. In Great Britain he delivered a number of speeches upon Canada and her resources, which attracted unusual atten- tion, so much so that, when in Exeter hall, many hundreds were turned away unable to gain admission. His lectures in this country upon Canadian subjects have been fine delineations of the beauties and attractions of his native land. When sup- plemented, as they sometimes are, by bril- liantly illuminated illustrations, they be- come intensely enjoyable as both eye and ear participate in the pleasure. At this time he is the managing director of the Sas- katchewan Homestead Company, and is doing grand service in the development of the North-West. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 477 Poole, Rev. William 11., LL.D., Detroit, late of Toronto, Ontario, was born on April 3,1820, in the County of Kilkenny, Ireland. In 1831 his father and family emi- grated to Canada, and settled in the village of Carleton Place, Lanark. In that village his father, William Poole, taught school for thirteen years, until 1844, when he was re- moved by death, loved and esteemed by all who knew him. Our subject is descended of a very ancient and prominent English family. The Pooles sprung originally from the Coun- ty of Derby, England ; and for many genera- tions members of the family have been prom- inent as authors, (teste the "Annotations" of Poole), as divines, and as military officers. When sixteen years of age, William Henry was offered a situation as school teacher, and strongly urged to accept it. After passing a creditable examination before the county board of examiners, and receiving the high- est class certificate, he yielded to the solici- tation of friends and accepted the situation. One of the board of examiners said that the lad was too young to receive the appoint- ment, but the chairman of the board of ex- aminers replied, "He will be older to-mor- row." That school-house was four miles from his father's residence, and yet, for three years, he returned every evening to his studies. Never, even for one night, did he allow storm or bad roads to keep him from his books. After several years of study and teaching, he worked his way to Victoria College, where, after the first term of eleven weeks, he paid his way by teaching two hours a day. On his father's death he left college and took the latter's place, and taught until 1846, when he was called to en- gage in the work of the Christian ministry, in connection with the Wesleyan Methodist church. That love of learning which dis- tinguished his ancestors for several genera- tions, especially the Rev. Matthew Poole, the annotator, found in our Canadian min- ister a healthy body and a vigorous mind, which led him to pursue his studies in vari- ous fields of knowledge. Early and late, winter and summer, he availed himself of the large public libraries in the cities and towns where he laboured as a Methodist minister. He also frequently attended the lectures of the learned professors of the uni- versities in those cities, carrying on at the same time a pastorate, always among the most successful. A residence in the City of Toronto for three terms, during a period of eight years, afforded him facilities which he was only too glad to embrace. His studies in college were the usual course of classics, mathematics, philosophy and divinity. In later years, philology and ethnology, with the history of races and nations, engrossed his attention. On the 17th of June, 1850, he was united in marriage to Mary Ann, second daughter of Simon Delong, of Amel- iasburg, County of Prince Edward. Her mother's name was Catharine Dempsey. The Dempsey family were descendants of a United Empire loyalist of that name. They were originally of the Irish Palatinate stock. In the year 1879, after thirty-three years of close reading and faithful service as a minister, our subject received the title of LL.D. Of the thirty-three years of minis- terial labour, twenty-seven were spent in the large towns and cities of Ontario. In the fall of 1879, Mr. Poole received an invita- tion to the Simpson Methodist Episcopal church in Detroit, Michigan, and soon after became a member of the Detroit conference. Few men have been more successful in the pastoral work than he. He has written a great deal in the religious press of Canada and in the United States. The subjects of our educational institutions, of temperance and of prohibition, of the different phases of religious life and work, have often interest- ed his pen. Several sermons of his have been published, and he has sent out a num- ber of tractates, pamphlets and lectures. He has published a volume on " The Fruits of the Spirit," which was highly commended by the press ; and others are in the hands of the publishers. Dr. Poole had an interest- ing family of eight children, five daughters and three sons. The daughters have all de- parted this life. The three sons are making a name for themselves. The eldest, Egerton Ryerson, is a highly esteemed commercial traveller in Ontario. The second son, Wil- liam Henry, is a successful physician and surgeon in Detroit. The third, Charles Al- bert, is on the road to honour and wealth as a druggist in the same city; Few men have a warmer heart, or a lighter step, than our Canadian friend, Dr. Poole. Mac Hah on, Hugh, Q. C., Toronto. This well-known member of the Ontario bar, though of Irish descent, was born in G uelph, Ontario, on the 6th of March, 1836. The progenitors of the family were origin- ally from Monaghan, in Ireland, and in the troublous times of the last of the reigning Stuarts, a number of MacMahons held important positions in their native county. Colonel Art Oge MacMahon, besides hold- ing a military command, was King James H.'s lord-lieutenant for the County Mona- ghan ; while Hugh MacMahon, great-grand A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 478 in the west. His universally acknowledged acquirements as a commercial lawyer, sound judgment, and scrupulous honour, brought him the 'confidence of the mercantile com- munity throughout the country, and he be- came the solicitor and trusted adviser of many large firms. In 1876, he was created Queen's counsel by the Ontariofgovernment, and in 1885, the Dominion ministry paid him a like high honour. Mr. MacMahon's talents as an advocate won for him a success- ful career at the bar, and he has been retained as counsel in some of the most important civil and criminal cases before the courts. In 1877 he was retained by the Dominion Government as leading counsel in the arbi- tration between the Federal Government and the Province of Ontario, in the pro- tracted dispute over the western and north- ern boundaries of the province ; and in the following year he argued the case before Sir Edward Thornton. British minister at Wash- ington, and the Hon. Sir Francis Hincks, arbitrators for the Dominion, and Chief Justice R. A. Harrison, who represented Ontario. Their award, as our readers are aware, settled the western boundary of the province. In 1884, Mr. MacMahon was associated with Christopher Robinson, Q.C., and went to England as one of the counsel for the Dominion, when the Bound- ary question was submitted to the judicial committee of Her Majesty's Privy Council. The decision of this body, it is a matter of history, virtually confirmed the award of the previous arbitrators. We now come to a notable incident in Mr. MacMahon's pro- fessional career-his retention as counsel for the prisoners in the celebrated Biddulph tragedy case. This cause celebre, it will be remembered, arose out of the revolting murder of five members of the Donnelly family, residing in the township of Bid- dulph, when no less than fifteen persons were arrested for alleged complicity in the affair, though but five of them were subsequently prosecuted. Mr. MacMahon was retained as counsel on behalf of the prisoners, who, in 1880, were indicted by the grand jury for murder. Subsequently the Crown, deem- ing the evidence against James Carroll stronger than against the other prisoners, he was first brought to trial. The first jury disagreeing on their verdict, application was made for a change of venue, owing to the intense excitement over the tragedy at London; but this was refused. Carroll was again placed on his trial before a special commission, composed of two judges, and the proceedings extended over a week. The uncle of the subject of this present sketch, was lieutenant-colonel of Gordon O'Neil's Charlemont regiment of foot. This crack corps, upon its reorganization, after the Treaty of Limerick (1691), took service in France with the famous "Irish Brigade." Reverses of fortune having impoverished the family, Mr. MacMahon's father came to Canada in 1819, from Cootehill, County Cavan, Ireland, and settled in the Ni- agara district. He brought with him an excellent library of classical and mathe- matical works ; and, as he possessed high attainments as a classical scholar, he opened school at Grimsby, where many of the youth of the western section of Upper Can- ada were prepared for the professions. Mr. MacMahon, senior, was one of the earliest appointed provincial land survey- ors, and made the preliminary surveys of many of the townships in the lately formed province. His wife, who still survives him, and is now in her 89th year, was Anne MacGovern, a relative of the late Bishop MacGovern, of the County of Cavan. In 1853, Hugh MacMahon, our present sub- ject. then in his seventeenth year, entered the Board of Works department of Canada, of which the Hon. H. H. Killaly was at the time commissioner, and was placed on the staff of Colonel W. B. Gallaway, C.E., as sec- ond assistant engineer. In this capacity Mr. McMahon took part in making surveys and in preparing estimates for the projected Ot- tawa ship-canal between Ottawa and Ayl- mer. He was also engaged in the surveys and plans for the Chats canal and was one of the resident engineers during the time these works were under construction. In 1857, when the monetary crisis of that year compelled the government to relinquish the latter undertaking, and when civil engineer- ing was much depressed by the stoppage of public works, Mr. MacMahon left the ser- vice of the department, though strongly urged to remain at Ottawa by the chief of the staff. The next year, having become a matriculant of the Law Society, we find him in the law office of Thomas Robertson, Q.C., then practising in Dundas. Pursuing the legal profession, he was called to the bar in 1864, when he entered into partnership with his brother, Thomas B. MacMahon, late judge of the County of Norfolk, then prac- tising in Brantford. Five years af terwards, on the elevation of the late John Wilson to a judgeship of the court of Queen's Bench, Hugh MacMahon removed to London, On- tario, where, in a few years, he built up the largest and most lucrative legal business CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 479 excitement was still intense; the court-room was thronged daily by great crowds of peo- ple ; while representatives of the leading journals came from the chief cities to report the proceedings. The chief incidents of the early days of the trial was the skilful cross-examination of the Crown witnesses by Mr. Mac Mahon, which resulted in break- ing down much of the case against the pris- oner. The interest culminated in Mr. MacMahon's singularly able speech for the defence, which created intense excitement in the court-room, and was favourably com- mented on by the legal profession and the press of the country. The Toronto Mail thus referred to the speech :-" Mr. Mac- Mahon rose to address the jury at 1.40 p.m., and as he took his stand in front of the jury-box, the silence of death fell upon the immense concourse assembled in the court-room. The address, which lasted for over two hours, was a fine effort. It was not characterized by any remarkable flights of eloquence, nor did the learned counsel try to play upon the feelings of the jurors. It was, however, a clear, concise and able argument, which left a deep impression." The Globe, portraying the scene in the court house prior to the address of the counsel for the defence, said : " Long be- fore the half-hour's intermission had been brought to a close the corridors of the court house were packed with an excited throng, eagerly pressing forward to gain admission to the court-room, which was already so densely crowded that not another could be admitted. The scene inside the court-room was one long to be remembered. It was not the seats alone that were crowded. The steps leading to the bench, and every vacant chair within the bar was occupied, while more than half of the standing room in the aisles was occupied by ladies." The same journal in the course of a lengthy report of the speech, observes : "When the judges took their places on the bench, after the adjournment, Mr. MacMahon rose to ad- dress the jury on behalf of the prisoners. The most absolute quiet reigned throughout the court-room, and after the learned coun- sel for the defence had uttered his first few sentences the crowded court-room was so hushed that one might almost have heard the fall of a pin. For two hours the learned and eloquent gentleman enchained not only the attention of their lordships and the jury, but the vast throng in the crowded court- room. The address was not what would be called a flowery one, but it was earnest, elo- quent and exhaustive. Not a point that could be made to tell in favour of the pris- oner was overlooked, while the most favour- able and plausible construction was put upon those points that bore hardest against him. During a part of the address the prisoner sat up in the dock and listened attentively, while his sister seemed to devour every word that fell from the speaker's lips. . . . The learned counsel for the defence closed his very able and eloquent address with a solemn and pathetic appeal to the jury on behalf of the prisoner. . The efforts of the defence had been a series of masterpieces, throughout the long trial but it was felt that with the eloquent and exhaustive resume of the evidence by Mr. MacMahon, these efforts had come to a close, and that nothing remained as an off- set to what the Crown had to present." The prisoner was acquitted, and the scene in the court-room and in the vicinity of the court- house was indescribable. Speaking of the memorable trial, another Toronto journal subsequently remarked : that Mr. Mac- Mahon's address to the jury "is still re- membered as one of the most brilliant ef- forts of oratory ever heard within the walls of London court-house." While a resident of London, Mr. MacMahon was mainly instrumental, in connection with Colonel James Shanly, in founding the Irish Bene- volent Society in that city, of which both gentleman, at various times, was president. This successful national society has been conducted irrespective of creed, and has been of the greatest possible good, in allaying religious prejudices and in soften- ing religious rancour among the Irish resi- dents of the Forest City. At the general elections of 1872, Mr. MacMahon unsuccess- fully contested the City of London, for a seat in the House of Commons, against the Hon. John Carling ; and again in 1878, he was a candidate for the County of Kent, against Rufus Stephenson, the then sitting member, but was defeated. Mr. MacMahon removed to Toronto at the close of the year 1883, where he has since suc- cessfully practised his profession. His wide legal experience, forceful and pleasing man- ner in addressing juries, and great natural and acquired abilities make him one of the leading nisi prhis lawyers on the western cir- cuit. Outside of his profession, Mr. Mac- Mahon is a man of very considerable culture,, and much fondness for art, his judgment as a connoisseur of paintings being frequent- ly appealed to. His collection of paintings has been much admired, and indicates a high educated taste. In 1864 Mr. MacMahon 480 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF married Isabel Janet, eldest daughter of the late Simon Mackenzie, of Belleville, by whom he has two sons. Drennan S. T., (the late) of Kingston, Ontario, was born in the Moravian settle- ment, County of Tyrone, Ireland, on No- vember 20, 1819, making him 63 years of age when he died. When a boy he left Ire- land and went to Scotland with his father, where he was educated. There he remained till 1841, when he emigrated to Kingston. He was an active young man and found no difficulty in obtaining employment. His first situation was a clerkship in the dry goods store of R. Waddell & Co., Princess street. After remaining in this business for a few years, he decided to follow a nautical life and secured the position of purser on the passenger steamer Comet, afterwards the Mayflower, which was finally blown up. This life did not suit him as well as he an- ticipated, so he once more entered the dry goods business, as a partner in the firm of Kennedy & Drennan. Shortly afterwards a dissolution took place, and the business was carried on by the deceased, in the store now occupied by Mr. Dunbar, tailor, corner of Wellington and Princess streets. Not long before he married Annie, eldest daugh- ter of the late Dr. Boyd of the Royal navy, His next change in business was the manu- facture of furniture in the penitentiary; but in consequence of the destruction of his shop by fire some time afterwards he carried on his business outside of the Peni- tentiary. In 1873 he was elected aider- man to represent St. Lawrence ward, and continued to hold this position till 1877, when he ran for mayor and was elected. In 1878 he again entered the council and remained in it till the end of 1879, when he retired from public life. He was one of the directors of the House of Industry when that institution sadly needed assist- ance, and he was instrumental in putting it in a good condition. When his term of office in this connection expired, the di- rectors presented him with his portrait in oil. When the fire engine-house was built on Ontario street he laid the corner stone, and was presented with a silver trowel; in fact, on several occasions he was made the object of presentations at the hands of the public, his last being on his retirement from the presidency of the Liberal-Conservative Association, when he received a beautiful illuminated address. He turned the first sod on the Kingston and Pembroke Railway. During his younger days he took a great in- terest in the fire department, and was an active member of the hook and ladder com- pany, and when he severed his connection he received a tangible mark of the esteem in which he was held by his colleagues. When royalty visited Kingston, he was in- variably chosen "master of ceremonies," for which position he was admirably adapted by reason of his good humour and genial and courteous manner. Mr. Drennan left five children, four daughters and one son. One daughter is married to G. M. Boyd, of New York, and another to W. Moore, Kingston. Those who have lived in Kings- ton know the untiring energy of the de- ceased gentleman, his wide public spirit, his talent for the administration of pub- lic business, his geniality, and his largeness of heart. He was a sincere friend, and a frank, honourable opponent. He was vigor- ous in the prosecution of all good works about the city, whose welfare was ever uppermost in his mind. His loss was re- gretted, not only by personal friends and relatives, but by the people at large, and was considered one of the saddest incidents in that epidemic of sudden death visited Kingston. He was elected lieutenant of the Hook and Ladder company in 1846, and on the death of Captain Boyle was chosen cap- tain. When he became purser of the Comet, we may add, he resigned the cap- taincy of the Hook and Ladder company. He was a very active member of the Odd- fellows, and passed through all the chairs. He was likewise a member of the Ancient St. John lodge, A. F. and A. M., being M. C. in 1872. Wilson, Squire Frank, Proprietor of Truth, and head of the Auxiliary Printing Company, Toronto, was born at Markham, on the 7th November, 1852. His father was George Wilson, now proprietor of the Port Hope Daily and Weekly Guide, and his mother Sarah Howell, both of whom were English. Both, likewise, came from York- shire, and a few years after their arrival in Canada were married, settling for a year at Toronto. At the expiry of the year they removed to Markham, where, as we have seen, the subject of this sketch was born. Squire Frank Wilson received his early educational training at Markham, and he concluded his education in Toronto. Having finished his studies, he dropped into journalism, and for a while, published a weekly paper at Hamilton, and also es- tablished there the Auxiliary Publishing Company. From Hamilton he removed to Toronto, where, after a brief period, we find him at the head of the Auxiliary Printing CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 481 House, and proprietor of Truth. The Aux- iliary Printing Company, it may be said, was established at Hamilton originally, but that city was not found to be a thoroughly satis- factory distributing centre, and the prefer- ence was given to Toronto. Need of such an association had for a long time been felt by the publishers of provincial newspapers, for the function of the company was to fur- nish printed outsides to publishers having a small staff of compositors and limited means. When Mr. Wilson first assumed the manage- ment of this company, he supplied only eight or ten publishers ; now the number of half-printed newspapers that leaves his es- tablishment is one hundred and sixty. But such a measure of success was achieved only through persistent industry, and the very best of business ability. At the outset of the undertaking, only half a dozen hands were employed, and Mr. Wilson assisted at the practical operations during the day, at- tending to the correspondence at night. But the establishment has since had as many as eighty, hands employed ; and the business operations of the company and of Truth and the Ladies Journal, a monthly fashion magazine, which he also publishes, com- bined, last year, reached over $150,000. No enterprise has been spared, and the extent to which Mr. Wilson has put his energies towards speading the circulation of Truth may be guessed when it is learned that dur- ing a year his advertising account with one Toronto newspaper was over $5,000. But this enterprise has borne its fruit, and Truth now has a splendid circulation, being found scattered everywhere over the Dominion. The quantity of costly prizes, including pianos, organs, sewing machines, gold watces, silver tea services, silver spoons, etc., that Mr. Wilson has given away to readers of his journal, is simply surprising. The paper is certainly the best-stocked and most readable family weekly in the country. In addition to contributions from the best pens, its stock of selected mat- ter is very large, and it is choice. Mr. Wilson married, in 1878, Minnie, daughter of the late George Kerr, at one time mayor of Hamilton. Aiderman Murray A. Kerr, of the same city, is a brother of this lady. There has been issue of the marriage three children, one girl and two boys. The girl is dead. Mr. Wilson, it is hardly necessary to repeat, is a man of re- markable energy, and his achievements do him the highest credit. In politics he is not a partisan, but views public questions from an unbiassed standpoint. As he is, so has Truth been, an earnest and fearless ex- ponent of right-doing in public life, and an uncompromising opponent of all that is wrong. In dealing with moral and other questions affecting society, Mr. Wilson keeps his paper in " the foremost fyles of time." Himself and his family are mem- bers of the Methodist church. Johnson, William Henry, M.D., Fergus, Ontario, M.C.P.S.O., M.R.C.S., of England, and L. R. 0. P., of Edinburgh, was born in the township of Eramosa, Wel- lington county, on the 18th September, 1850. He is a son of John Johnson, by Margaret, daughter of Archibald Smith, one of the earliest and most prominent settlers in the township of Eramosa. John John- son was a native of Lancashire, England, and came to this country with his parents in 1820, settling in the above-named town- ship. Mr. Johnson took up land, and en- gaged himself at farming ; and is still liv- ing, and in the enjoyment of health and faculties. He has a family of nine children, the subject of this sketch being the young- est ; and he was a brother of Edward Johnson, reeve for some time of the town- ship of Erin ; also of Dr. James Johnson, of Millbank, Perth. William Henry re- ceived the rudiments of an education in a common school, finishing his studies at the Galt grammar school, and leaving that in- stitution at the age of eighteen. He then resolved to study medicine, and to this end, in 1869, entered the Victoria college, now affiliated with the Toronto School of Medi- cine, graduating from that institution in 1873 with honours ; taking the gold medal for the final year, and the scholarship for the second year. After graduating in 1873, he went to Great Britain, entering the St. Thomas Hospital, at London ; and from this institution received a certificate of honour in medicine, surgery and obstetrics, taking the diploma likewise of M. R. 0. S., Eng. He re- mained in London for a year, and then went to Edinburgh, Scotland, where he remained for some time, also taking from that college the diploma L.R.C.P. In the fall of 1874 he returned to Canada, and in February of the following year began practice for himself in the town of Fergus, where he has con- tinued ever since, with such success that his practice is now one of the very best and most profitable in that town. Dr. Johnson is assistant surgeon of the 30th battalion of Wellington Rifles, having joined the same during the late Riel rebellion. In 1885 he was elected councillor of the village of Fer- gus, and in that capacity served with marked 482 A CYCL01 FED!A OF ability and satisfaction to the people, and was elected by acclamation for 1886. He has been a member of the A.O.U.W., and financier of lodge No. 63, Fergus, for four years, and a master workman for two years. He has been president, vi'ce-president and secretary of the Mechanics' Institute at dif- ferent periods ; is president of several de- bating societies and dramatic clubs, and is a member of the Reform Association of centre Wellington, besides being convener of committees for Fergus. He professes the Presbyterian faith, and is a highly re- spected member of that communion. He has travelled much, visiting the chief places in Great Britain, Ireland and France. Dr. Johnson has been an active playing member of the Fergus Lacrosse and Football clubs, and president of both ; is also captain of the village Baseball club, and of all manly sports he is a patron, and in this way, as well as because of his heartiness and pleas- ing address, he is a general favourite. He enjoys the repute of being very skilful and learned in his profession. Wiggins, E. Stone, B. A., LL.D., Finance Department, Ottawa, was born in Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada, December 4th, 1839. His family is United Empire loyalist. Daniel Slocum Wiggins, his father, was for many years one of the leading merchants of the province. His mother, Elizabeth Titus, whose maiden name was Stone, also belonged to a United Empire loyalist family of great respecta- bility, well known both in Canada and in the United States. Professor Wiggins, the subject of this sketch, is a direct descendant of Captain Thomas Wiggins of Devon, Eng- land, who in the year 1630 was sent out by Lords Saye and Brook as governor of one of the Massachusetts colonies. William Cullen Bryant in his " Popular History of the United States." credits this family with being the first to resist the encroachments and arrogance of successive colonial gover- nors and entering the wedge which ulti- mately led to American independence. During the revolution of 1776, the sons of Stephen Wiggins of Newbury, N. ¥., a de- scendant of Thomas Wiggins just men- tioned, adhered to the royal cause, and on the conclusion of peace in 1783 left the country as United Empire loyalists and settled in New Brunswick. E. Stone Wiggins, the subject of this sketch, was in 1858 a pupil at the Oakwood Grammar school, then in charge of W. A. Whitney, B. A., beginning life as a teacher in the Ontario public schools. In 1866 he was appointed local superintendent of schools for the County of Prince Edward. In 1867- '69 he was a student at the Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery, where he graduated taking the degree of M.D. He took the degree of B.A. in 1870, at Al- bert University, Ontario. It was at the convocation of the university this year that the future of his career was shaped, as it was here he formed the acquaintance of Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald, which ripened into a strong personal friendship that continued till the latter's death. He was then head master of the High school at Ingersoll. In the following year he was sur- prised, on visiting the premier at his office in Toronto, when asked by that astute poli- tician if he would accept the principalship of the new institution for the education of the blind at Brantford-a position he afterwards ably filled for four years. Dis- agreeing with the Mowat government, which meanwhile had risen to power, he re- signed in 1874, and established a boys" college in St. John, N. B. In the general election of 1878 he was chosen a candidate by the Conservative convention of Queen's, his native county, and was defeated, but was immediately afterwards appointed to a permanent position in the Finance depart- ment, Ottawa, by Sir John Macdonald, who now rose to power. Professor Wiggins has published several works, scientific and re- ligious. In 1864, when only twenty-four years of age. he published his " Architec- ture of the Heavens," in which he demon- strated that comets travel through the agency of the positive and negative forces of electricity, for which he received the honorary degree of LL.D., and it is satis- factory to add that after twenty years have passed this electric theory has been adopted by Professor Huggins, the noted English astronomer, and other distinguished scien- tists. In this work he expresses his belief in the existence of invisible or dark planets, which he argues emit no light, by not hav- ing an atmosphere similar to that on the earth, and other visible planets. He was the first to assert that all space between the sun and the remotest planet is dark, and that to use his words in his " Archi- tecture of the Heavens," "worlds might travel in orbits not more distant than the nearest planet and yet never be open to the view of the astronomer. If our earth itself had no atmosphere it would enjoy no light. The golden orb of day would never cheer the flowery robe of nature with his beams and the lunar orb and twinkling stars could CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 483 never welcome our gaze as they would also forever be locked up in the dungeons of eternal night." (p 44). This he illustrates as follows : " Suppose a light to be placed in the middle of a large room and near it a terrestrial globe. A fly lighting on the globe, so it can see the light, will of course see that the walls and ceiling of the room are illuminated, and if it light on the oppo- site side of the globe, will it not see that the room is still illuminated though it can- not now see the lamp ? So if space were illuminated by the solar rays it would be as bright at midnight as at mid-day. It is plain therefore that all space is dark and that a cold substance from the sun strikes our atmosphere which by friction creates light and heat and that all bodies above our atmosphere not provided with atmospheres are invisible. There are conditions neces- sary for even some of those bodies which are provided with atmospheres to be rendered visible. Sometimes the moon though in her quarter and above the horizon is invisible. Stars when near her at her full are obscured by her glare, while during a total solar eclipse many of them are visible at mid-day. Cassini discovered Saturn's second satellite in October, 1671, revolving 2,200,000 miles from that luminary in 79 days. In this satellite he soon witnessed a strange phe- nomenon. Through nearly one half of its orbit it regularly disappears even when sought with the same telescope in which through the rest of its revolution it is a con- spicuous object." (Letter in Yarmouth Herald, June, 1885). Enckes' comet is soon to become a visible planet, either primary or secondary, probably a large moon to the earth. To this class of dark worlds, he now alleges, his "dark moon " belongs, that is the earth's second satellite, which he dis- covered from his study of storms in 1880. His arguments to prove its existence are first, the advance of our moon's perigee, for which Sir Isaac Newton could not account ; secondly, her secular acceleration ; and third, the occurrence of unnatural or unexpected total solar eclipses like those of May 1780, July 1829, and May 1884, which occurred when the moon was at her full (as in July 1829) or in one of her quar- ters. The nearer a planet is to the sun the colder it is and the nearer the moon is to the earth, that is during her perigee, the lower the temperature both on the lunar and the terrestrial surface, for as iron is colder than wood on acconnt of the greater compactness of its particles so the nearer the particles of the solar system, i. e. the planets, are to each other, the lower the temperature and the greater the density of the atmosphere. Hence, knowing that the great planets Jupiter, Saturn, Ura- nus and Neptune would be near their perihelion in 1883 and 1884, he predicted, (see his letter in the January number of the New York Insurance Times) that the winters and summers of these years would be remarkable for their coldness and hu- midity, and that the earth's atmosphere would exhibit a fiery redness, a prediction that has been fulfilled. He has also paid much attention to geology which he has ably dealt with in his " Days of the Crea- tion." In 1876 a marine monster, swim- ming with its head twelve feet above the water, was seen near Boston by the officers and passengers of the steamer New York. This Dr. Wiggins at once recognized as the far famed geologic animal the plesiosaurus dolichodeirus of the Oolitic era, heretofore said by geologists to have been millions of years extinct. He at once published the discovery in the St. John (N. B.) Globe, July, 1876. Strange to add, Professor R. A. Proctor, the astronomer, published a let- ter in 1884, (copied in the report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries for that year), to the effect that he had discov- ered the plesiosaurus in an animal seen off Panama, though Professor Wiggins had made the discovery nine years before. In 1866-67 he became involved in a vio- lent contest with the Universalists, and in the latter year published his " Univer- salism Unfounded," a very learned and caustic work of 350 pages. This was loudly applauded by the orthodox press. This he dedicated to his wife. He is an acknow- ledged authority on English, his " English Grammar for Dominion High Schools," which deals mainly with the difficult senten- ces in the language, being a standard work. Professor Wiggins, however, owes his great name mainly to his predictions of stormy which for years have been faithfully pub- lished by newspapers in all countries and climes. He believes that all storms, ex- cepting those usually called " thunder storms "-cyclones and great tempests-are all caused by planetary attraction, which he alleges shifts the earth's centre of gravity and gives a variable weight to bodies on the earth's surface. Earthquakes he conceives to be from the same cause, and during the three months after one of his heaviest storms he always predicts earthquakes. He points to the great earthquake in Java as having occurred immediately after his great 484 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF storm of March 1883, and to the disastrous Cashmere earthquake, and the earthquakes in Spain, which succeeded his storm of March, 1885. He certainly predicted the earthquake that occurred in England in April, 1884, and pointed out that in ex- actly a month from that date, viz., on May 19, it would re-appear in Asia, where it was accompanied by a terrible cyclone in Burmah, and two hundred villages were de- stroyed on the Arabian coast. His theory of tidal waves is also extremely interesting and appears strongly probable ; and a num- ber of the predictions which he has made respecting storms and tidal waves have been literally fulfilled. The moon he believes to be a habitable world, being possessed, as already said, of a dense atmosphere. This he sees in the fact that vastly more than half of her sphere is illuminated, for when she has passed her conjunction or "new moon," even to 50u, a ring of light " the old moon in the lap of the new," can be dis- tinctly seen surrounding her orb. In 1862 Professor Wiggins married his cousin, Susie Anna Wiggins, daughter of Vin- cent W. Wiggins, captain of No. 2 com- pany, second battalion of the Queen's County, (N. B.) militia. They have no children. Mrs. Wiggins is one of the best read women in America, and as a polemical writer has few equals. Her letters on marriage with a deceased wife's sister, pub- lished in brochure form and addressed to - and are an attack upon-the Lord Bishop of Ontario, who opposed the passage of the bill through the Senate, display great ability and research, and are by some thought to rank with the "Letters of Junius." It is to her zeal and untiring industry we owe the passage of this measure (now known as the ' ' Gunhilda Bill "' from her nom de plume) through the Canadian Senate. F. A. T. Dunbar, the sculptor, has made a bust of this lady, which has been placed in the parliamentary library at Ottawa. Tasse, Joseph, M.P. for the City of Ottawa, F.R.S.C., was born at Montreal, on the 23rd October, 1848, and was educated at Bourget's College, Rigaud, County of Vaudreuil. When his educational course was concluded, he connected himself with literature. The press is the natural outlet of literary feeling in a community not yet possessing magazines and other vehicles of pure literary work, and thither went the subject of this sketch. When he was only nineteen he assumed the editorship of a tri-weekly newspaper at Ottawa, called Le Canada. Two years later (1869), he joined the staff, as associate editor, of La Minerve, at Montreal, the leading French Conservative organ of the Province of Que- bec, acting in that capacity till 1872. He was during this period likewise a director of Le Bevue Canadienne, a monthly review of good literary character, to which he contri- buted many essays on literature, history and political economy. Thereafter we find him for a time assistant French translator of the House of Commons. In 1873 he visited England, Belgium, France, Switzer- land, and Italy, publishing a detailed ac- count of his tour. The narrative was ex- tremely vivid, and showed its author to be a man of the closest and most accurate kind of observation. For the years 1872 and 1873 Mr. Tasse was president of the French Canadian Institute, at Ottawa ; for the years 1875 and 187C he was president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, of the same city ; he is one of the founders and directors of the Ottawa French Canadian Building Society ; and was president of the Quebec Press Association for 1883. Among his other literary labours M. Tasse has been a frequent lecturer before national and literary societies in Canada and the United States, being extremely popular in this branch of literary enterprise. But it is as the author of permament work that M. Tasse calls for our greatest admiration. Some of the best known of his works are Philemon Wright, on Colonisation et Com- merce de Bois (1871), the work being an essay on the settlement established opposite the Chaudiere Falls by that prince of pioneers Philemon Wright, and the subse- quent development of this region of bush ; Le Chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique (1872), this being the first comprehensive history of the Canadian Pacific Railway written in the French language; Le Valle de I'Ou- taouais (1872), a pamphlet showing the agri- cultural, mineral and timber resources of the Ottawa Valley, and likewise the history of its railways and canals. The subject matter of this pamphlet was reproduced in 1875 in Paris, in Le Tour du Monde. But his greatest work is Les Canadiens de I'ouest (1878), which work is, as its title shows, a history of those French Canadians in the western portion of Canada, who have made themselves conspicuous in every department of life ;-in commerce, in the learned pro- fessions and in politics. The characteristics of M. Tasse's literary style are a virile strength, and a fervour which vibrates through page after page of his work. But he never indulges in extravagances of either CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 485 feeling or style, his work being invariably held within the bounds of artistic restraint. He was first returned to parliament at the general election of 1878, and was re-elected at the last general election. He is a staunch Conservative, and one of the most promis- ing members of the House of Commons. Wood, Samuel Casey, Toronto, was born in the village of Bath, in the County of Lennox, Ontario, on the 27th December, 1830. His father, Thomas Smith Wood, was born near Saratoga Springs, in the State of New York, in 1791, and died in Madoc, County of Hastings, in 1884, aged ninety- three years. His mother, Mrs. Wood, was born twelve miles east of Burlington, Ver- mont, in 1796, and died in Picton, Ontario, in 1883, aged eighty-seven years. Mr. Wood, senr., served in the war of 1812, and drew a pension for his services for some years prior to his death. Samuel Casey Wood was educated in the common schools ; and when his studies were ended, taught school for three years, with a view to earn money with which to study a profession. He was likewise clerk in a store at Prince Albert for a period of two years, and at Port Hoover, in a similar capacity, for one year. He carried on the business of gen- eral storekeeper in Mariposa township, County of Victoria, for several years, and was elected clerk of the township council in 1860. From that date until the summer of 1876, he was county clerk and county treasurer of the County of Victoria. He was chairman of the High School board for some time in Lindsay ; and was the representative of the public school inspec- tors in the Council of Public Instruction. Mr. Wood was elected member of the Pro- vincial parliament on the 25th February, 1871 ; was appointed secretary and regis- trar of the province in the Mowat govern- ment on the 23rd July, 1875 ; and held the office of commissioner of Agriculture from that date until 1883. On the 19th March, 1877, he was appointed provincial treas- urer ; and retired from public life in March, 1883. He was chairman of the Ontario Ag- ricultural Commission of 1881 : and on re- tiring from the government in 1883, was offered the position of manager of the Free- hold Loan and Savings Company, which he accepted and still holds. Mr. Wood has likewise a military record, having been ap- pointed ensign and adjutant of the third battalion, Victoria militia, in 1859. On the 17th June, 1854, he married Charlotte Maria Parkinson, of the township of Mari- posa, by whom he had a family of ten child- ren, eight of whom are living. His wife and children are members of the Church of Eng- land. In politics Mr. Wood is, and has all his life been, a Reformer ; and his retire- ment from public and ministerial life, both of which he adorned, was felt to be a grave loss to his party. In political as well as in private life, Mr. Wood's character is the very highest ; and anyone who has ever had busi- ness relations with him as a member of the administration, or in any other capacity, likes to dwell on the courtesy of his man- ners, and the kindness of his heart. He oc- cupied, as we have said, a very high place in the esteem of his party ; and it is doubt- ful if he had a solitary political opponent who cherished for him any ill-will. As a gentleman remarked to the writer, " It would be impossible to know S. C. Wood and not be his friend. He has a large, manly heart." O'Hara, Major Walter.-The late Major Walter O'Hara, second son of Robert O'Hara of Raheen, in the County of Galway, Ireland, and Fanny, daughter of Walter Taylor, of Castle Taylor, in that county, was born in Dublin, 1787, and died in Toronto in 1874. At the age of fourteen, he entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a fellow com- moner, where he graduated with honors in 1806. Having intentions of being called to the bar, he studied at the Middle Temple, but abandoned his resolution on the break- ing out of the war in the Spanish peninsula. He thereupon was gazetted ensign, in H.M. 91st regiment of Highlanders, and on his promotion to a lieutenancy in H. M. 47th Regiment, he immediately proceeded to join that regiment, then on active service in Spain, where he arrived in time to take part in the murderous conflict between Soult and Beresford, at Albuera. His sub- sequent career in Spain included all the great actions which make Wellington's Pen- insular campaigns the most glorious in our history. At the assault and capture of Bad- ajos he commanded a regiment, and was severely wounded, and he was again seri- ously wounded at the battle of the Nive, where he was taken prisoner by the French. At the close of the war he held a staff posi- tion as brigade major, and subsequently emigrated to Canada. He was a knight of the tower and sword of Portugal, and in addition to other decorations received the British medal with eight clasps, for the actions of Albuera, Salamanca, Vittoria, Badajos, Cuidad Rodrigo, Pyrenees, Nive and Nivelle. The career of Colonel O'Hara during the Peninsula war was one of stirring 486 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF and even romantic incident. One of these it may be interesting to record. When quartered with his regiment at Canter- bury, before he was ordered to Spain, he was placed in command of an escort, in charge of French prisoners of war, from Canterbury to a town in the interior of Eng- land ; his orders being to deliver them to the proper authorities of that town, for safe keeping. Among these prisoners were officers of high rank in the French army, and so gratified were they at the manner in which they were treated on the route by the young ensign, that on parting, they pre- sented him with a manifesto, which is still in the possession of the family, addressed to their brother officers, requesting that if the fortune of war ever placed Ensign O'Hara in their hands, he might be treated by them with the same consideration which he had extended to them. Three years afterwards the subject of this memoir, being then a captain in the 47th, and major of the 6th Portuguese Caqadores, was at the battle of the Pyrenees, where he had a horse killed under him, and was so desperately wounded in addition, that he could not escape, and fell into the hands of the French. He for- tunately had the manifesto with him, which he immediately sent to General Foy, whose prisoner he was. That general immediately sent his own surgeon to attend him, pro- vided for him comfortable quarters ; and these gallant and magnanimous enemies of England vied with one another in their kind- ness and attention to their prisoner. The incident was reported to Marshal Soult, and he ordered that Major O'Hara should be the guest of the French officers until his wound admitted of his removal, and that he was then to be sent back to his own peo- ple. He was subsequently sent back, when a French major of engineers was released in exchange. Colonel O'Hara and Mr. Spragge, father of the late Chancellor Spragge, were the first settlers in that part of the town- ship of York now known as the town of Parkdale, and there he erected a residence, and farmed what was for many years an oasis in a grand forest. Few men deserve more of Canada than Colonel Walter O'Hara. He was one of the phalanx of those advanced thinkers to whom we owe our present constitutional government. His fortitude in resisting oppression and arbit- rary power, his high sense of honor, and the fearless steadiness in which he adhered to right resolutions, in many trials and through many bitter persecutions, made his name a household word in Upper Canada. To quote the words of the author of ' ' To- ronto of Old," "the contemporaries of Colonel O'Hara will always think of him as a chivalrous, high spirited, warm hearted gentleman ; and in our annals hereafter he will be named among the friends of Cana- dian progress, at a period when enlightened ideas in regard to government and social life, derived from a wide intercourse with men in large and eminent committees, were, amongst us, considerably misunderstood. Strong, Hon. Samuel Henry, Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, was born in Dorsetshire, England, in the year 1825. He was a son of the Rev. Sam- uel T. Strong, who was at one time rector of Bytown, now the City of Ottawa. S. H. Strong came to Canada in his boyhood, and for a short time after his arrival took up his residence in Kingston. When the Rev. Mr. Strong removed to the rectorship of Bytown, his family accompanied him, and our sub- ject among the rest. The lad had the ben- efit of careful training at the hands of vari- ous private tutors, and when seventeen years old, entered upon the study of the law in the office of Augustus Keefer, at that time one of the leading lawyers in that portion of the province. In the office of Henry Eccles, at Toronto, he completed his studies: and in 1848, at Hilary term, was called to the bar. Full of ambition, and having a natural inclination for legal work, Mr. Strong commenced his practice ; and he at once attracted the attention of the bar. He prepared his cases with the utmost diligence and exactness, and when he arose to plead, every contention which he laid down was found fortified with precedent, and with skilful argument. But from the first he seems to have been most strongly drawn toward the equity branch of his profession, and no lengthy period had elapsed before Samuel Henry Strong, by common consent, was given a place among the Roafs and the Mowats. It has been pointed out, and with accuracy, that in the capacity for grasping the vital and substantial points of a case, he has had, and probably has now, no peer, either at the bar or on the bench of Canada. He formed a partnership after a time with William Marshall Matheson, afterwards master and deputy-registrar in Chancery at Ottawa, under the firm name of Strong & Matheson. Thomas Wardlaw Taylor was afterwards admitted to partnership. In 1856, Mr. Strong was appointed a member of the commission for the Consolidation of the Statutes of Canada and of Upper Can- ada, and laboured at that onerous and most CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 487 important task till its completion in 1859. He had now attained the very highest posi- tion in his profession ; and in 1860 was elected a bencher of the Law Society of Up- per Canada. Three years later, government came forward among others to recognize his talent, investing him with the counsellor's silken gown. On the 27th December, 1869, he was appointed to the bench of the Court of Chancery, as one of the vice-chancfilors. Two years later, he became a member of the commission to inquire into the constitution and jurisdiction of the courts, with a view to the effecting of important legal reforms, and a possible union of the law and equity courts. Throughout the performance of the duties mentioned, like in his course as an advocate, Mr. Strong revealed an amount of learning, a soundness of judgment, and an ability altogether beyond the ordinary at- tainments. And when, on the 8th of Octo- ber, 1875, it became known that he had been appointed to the supreme bench of Canada, there was no one, competent to j udge, who did not feel that a most admirable selection had been made. An authority, eminently reliable, declares, that though the judge is by no means a recluse or a book-worm, his legal erudition is very great, and his mem- ory for judicial decisions almost miraculous. There is no keener intellect on the Canadian bench, and the greatest deference is paid to his judgments, not alone by the bar, but by his brother judges. He is specially distin- guished for his knowledge of law as a source and of the principles of jurisprudence gen- erally. His faculty for legal expression and exact phraseology is conspicuous, and by contrast with the loose and popular modes of pleading, younger practitioners can find excellent models in the style and methods of Mr. Strong's address. Mr. Justice Strong has a wife and two children. McKenny, Thomas, Thornbury, was born in the City of Dublin, Ireland, 1840. He was a son of James McKenny and Harriet Donovan. Mrs. McKenny was niece of the late Sir William Colles, bart. It is interesting to note that this lady was, on the mother's side, descended from Sir Humphrey Davy. James Mc- Kenny, our subject's father, adopted the business of chemical manufacturer, in the City of Dublin, and was nephew of the late Sir Thomas McKenny, bart., of Beres- ford House, County Dublin. Ireland. After Sir Thomas it is that the subject of our sketch was named. Mr. McKenny prac- ticed his business for some time in Dublin, and had one of the largest establishments of its kind in Ireland. This firm was well known throughout the whole of Europe, and was called the Dublin Chemical Manu- factory. Mr. McKenny died in 1855, leav- ing nine children, the subject of our sketch being the second-eldest son, and brother of the late John McKenny, government 1 as- sayist and professor of Chemistry of Val- paraiso, Chili, Snith America. Thomas McKenny, the subject of our sketch, re- ceived a thorough education. He first studied under private tutors at home ; and at the age of twelve entered the private school of Dr. Ryder, of Carrickmacross, County Cavan, Ireland. Thence he passed in turn to several other institutions, finally concluding his studies at King William's College, Castletown, Isle of Man. It was decided that McKenny should enter the ministry, and in accordance with such views he was placed under the care and tuition of the Right Rev. Dean Allcock, of Waterford, Ireland, who was his uncle. He, however, changed his mind, and began the study of medicine in the St. Peter's Street school of Medicine, Dublin, at the age of eighteen. Owing to too close application to study, he was obliged to leave it for two years ; but, at the end of this period his health was quite restored. In 1860 he sailed to Can- ada, and settled with his uncle, Colonel Watson, at Mountain Lake, township of St. Vincent, County of Grey. Here he began farming, and continued so employed for two years; after which he took a position as book-keeper with the late William Mickle, of Meaford, County of Grey. Two years later he apprenticed himself to the late Robt. Foster, druggist, in Meaford, with whom he remained for three years. Then he removed to the village of Thornbury, township of Collingwood, and established a business for himself as druggist. At this business he has continued ever since, having the post and telegraph offices in connection with the same. Mr. McKenny's tastes in early life were for going to sea ; but, owing to his mother's dislike to that profession, he changed his mind. In 1875 he was elected to the municipal council for the township of Collingwood, and was re-elected for the years 1876, 1877 and 1878. In 1879 he ran for the reeveship, but was defeated. In 1884 he again contested the election for reeve, against J. Rorke and N. McColman, and defeated both opponents. He was again re-elected in 1885. In the same year he was elected chairman of finance in the county council for the County of Grey. He was a member of the Orange society for 488 A CYCLOPEDIA OF some years, and occupied the position of district master for Collingwood. He be- longs to the Masonic order, lodge No. 137 ; to the Ancient Order of United Work- men, and has held the office of recording secretary for some time in the latter body. For the last sixteen years he has been per- manently connected with the temperance movements in Canada, and has been presi- dent of the Blue Ribon order, in the town of Thornbury, for some time. He has tra- velled considerably, having visited most of Canada and the United States. Our sub- ject was brought up in the Church of Eng- land, but he is now a member of the Metho- dist church, and for the last fifteen years has been a local preacher. In politics, Mr. McKenny is a Conservative, and be- longs to the Conservative Association of the County of Grey. He has been brought before the convention on three different occasions, and takes a most active interest in the party. He was married in 1869 to Hannah Hurlburt, daughter of Heman Hurlburt, a well-known U. E. loyalist. She died in 1870. In 1872 he was again married to Jane Edith Hurlburt, half- sister of his first wife. He has a family of four children. At the time of enlarging the Thornbury harbour he was one of the deputation sent to wait upon the minister of Public Works, at Ottawa, for the pur- pose of obtaining a grant for such enlarging and improving. The delegation succeeded in obtaining the grant, and a promise of a completion of the work in the following year, 1886. Mr. McKenny is a gentleman who always retains a friend, once made. He is courteous and kindly, and is exceed- ingly popular. McDonell, Augustine, Provincial Land Surveyor and Civil Engineer, Chat- ham, Ontario, was born in the township of Dundee, County of Huntingdon, P. Q., on the 22nd day of June, 1828. He is a son of Austin McDonell, who emigrated to Canada in 1816 from Inverness-shire, Scot- land, a strong adherent of the Stewart dynasty. His mother was Isabella Mc- Rae, who emigrated to Canada with her parents from Ross-shire, Scotland. Augus- tine was educated in the common schools of Lower Canada, in the High school of Williamstown, County of Glengarry, and in the Normal school of Toronto. His studies were confined to English branches and mathematics. He left Lower Canada in 1850 and went to Toronto, where he at- tended the Normal school till October, 1853. He then proceeded to the County of Kent, and [taught in the public schools of that place up to July, 1860. He then became articled to a provincial land surveyor in Chatham, and was admitted as a licensed surveyor in 1863, following his profession, together with that of civil engineering, in the town of Chatham with great success up to this date. Mr. McDonell married in Chatham, in August, 1861, Margaret A. Flynn, who was born in Brookville, on the 15th February, 1838, and came to Chatham with her parents, who are still living, when a child. The fruit of the union consists of five children. Alexander Patrick McDon- ell, the oldest, a graduate of St, Michael's college, Toronto, is now in his fourth year studying law in the office of Douglas, Doug- las & Walker, Chatham, and passed brilliant examinations up to this time. The second child, Mary Ellen McDonell, is a graduate of the Ursuline academy, Chatham, and is now attending the New England Conserva- tory of Music, Boston, Mass. The third, Isabella Angela McDonell, is now attending the Sacred Heart convent at London, Ontario ; the fourth, Flora McDonell, is at the Ursuline academy, Chatham ; and the fifth, John Frances McDonell, aged eleven years, is in attendance at the Catholic school of Chatham. Mr. McDonell has been very successful in all his undertakings, and has attained to a conspicuous place in his profession. He was one of the promo- ters of the Erie & Huron Railway, and was one of the engineers of its construction. He has also been prominently connected with the drainage of wet lands in the pen- insula, and introduced a number of impor- tant changes in the Drainage Act of On- tario. These changes were essential for the successful practical working of the drainage system. Mr. McDonell is a gentleman of a large public spirit, and his character stands high for integrity. He is a Roman catho- lic, and a Liberal-Conservative in politics. Rykert, John Charles, Q.C., M.P. for Lincoln and Niagara, St. Catharines, Ontario, was born on the 10th March, 1832, in St. Catharines. He is a son of George Rykert, one of the pioneers of the Niagara district, who died in 1857. George Rykert was a man of much ability, was a surveyor by profession, was manager of the Commer- cial Bank at St. Catharines for a lengthy period, and represented the County of Lin- coln in the parliament of Upper Canada, from 1822 till the union of Upper and Lower Canada in 1844. His mother was Ann Maria Nittleberger, and was born Montreal. She was of German extraction, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 489 and belonged to a well-known Canadian family. J. C. Rykert received his educa- tional instruction in the High and Grammar schools of his native place, and when he had passed the regular courses here proceeded to Toronto, entering Upper Canada College in that city, and concluding his education at the University of Toronto. When his term, in the latter institution, came to a close, he began the study of law in the office of the late Judge Burns, at Toronto, but completed his studies under Adam Wilson, afterwards chief justice, in the same city. At the Hilary term of 1854, he was called to the bar, and has, notwithstanding the promi- nent part he has taken in public life, con- tinued to practice his profession. At once, upon commencing practice, he took an enviable place in his profession ; for he showed a wide knowledge of the law, and he was possessed of a very fluent tongue. With juries his quick, clear, appealing and im- passioned utterances were always effective. It was not hard to predict what the career of such a man would be in public life. Mr. Rykert for many years resided upon his farm in the township of Grantham, half a mile from St. Catharines ; and from 1857 to 1864 he was reeve of the township. From the latter date till 1876 he was reeve of the town of St. Catharines, and for five years during this period was warden of the county. He has since been chairman of the Collegiate Institute, of the High and Gram- mar schools, and board of trustees ; was for many years president of the County Agri- cultural Society ; was elected president, in 1865, of the Agricultural and Arts Associa- tion of the Province of Ontario by a popu- lar vote ; has been since a member of the council and its vice-president. Mr. Rykert entered the old Canadian parliament in 1860, for the County of Lincoln, holding his seat till 1863. From 1867 to 1878 he was a member of the Ontario legislature, but in the last-named year he was elected for his old constituency to the Dominion parliament. In politics he was, as his father had been, an unswerving Conserva- tive. The province which he revealed when only a young man at the bar, was well veri- fied in his political career. He was one of the readiest, most eloquent, and most cap- tivating speakers in the House of Commons; and when he arose he always got, and held, the ear of the house. How difficult a task this is to accomplish we need not say. Mr. Rykert is a leading Freemason, and his father was a member of such high standing in that body, that his funeral was attended by no fewer than 3,000 representatives of the order from Canada and the United States. Mr. Rykert is a strict Episcopalian. He married on the 19th October, 1854, Annie Maria, daughter of Colonel Sheldon Hawley, of Trenton, Ontario. There are issue nine children, eight of whom are living. Mr. Rykert still continues to represent Lincoln,, although the last contest was a pretty close one, and he still continues one of the ablest and most influential members of the House of Commons. UcGreevy, Thomas, M.P. for Que- bec West, was born in the City of Quebec, where he has since resided, on the 27th July, 1827, and is of Irish descent. He was educated at the school of his native city, and early in life showed an inclination for commercial and public enterprises. He be- came very conspicuous from his connection with important companies and undertakings of a large character, and in 1867 was called to the Legislative Council for the Province of Quebec. Here he sat till the general elections of 1874, when he resigned in con- sequence of the measure which passed the house abolishing dual representation. He was returned to the House of Commons for Quebec West, by acclamation in 1867 ; he was again returned in 1872, and in 1874 ; and as proof of his popularity we may state that in 1878 he was again elected by accla- mation. He still represents Quebec West in the House of Commons. Throughout his creditable political career Mr. McGreevy has been a consistent and trusted Liberal- Conservative, and he has the repute of be- ing one of the most practical and "level headed " members in the House of Com- mons, where his opinion is received on both sides always with respect. He has been en- gaged in some of the most important enter- prises in his native province. He had the building of the North Shore Railway from Quebec to Montreal ; and the manner in which the road was built is the best evidence of the thoroughness with which anything falling to his charge is accomplished. " As a city father," says an authoritative work at our hand, "he was none the less popular than in every enterprise with which he was connected, and in the city council-where he sat from 1858 to 1864-his recommenda- tions were unanimously regarded as sage and sound." He is still extensively engaged as a contractor; is a director of the St. Lawrence Steam Navigation Company ; of the Union Bank of Lower Canada ; is a commissioner of the Quebec Turnpike Trust;, a member of the Quebec Harbour Commis- 490 A CYCLOPEDIA OF sion; vice-president of the Locomotive Works of Kingston, and has been a director of the North Shore Railway Company. Mr. Mr. McGreevy, while a sound and respected member of his party, is not narrow and intolerent, and hence enjoys the respect and good will of those from whom he differs upon public questions. Middleton, Major - General Sir Frederick D., K.C.M.G.,C.B , General ■officer commanding the Militia of Canada, was born at Belfast, Ireland. He is the third son of the late Major-General Charles Middleton, a Highlander, and a brave offi- cer, who saw much service in India. This gentleman was one of six brothers, five of whom entered the army, and one the Royal navy-one of the former being killed in the Peninsular war, and the sailor, in the engage- ment in Trafalgar Bay. Frederick D. Mid- dleton was educated at the Royal military college, Sandhurst, England, from which he obtained his commission, without pur- chase, on the 30th December, 1842. He served as ensign in the 58th regiment in New South Wales, Norfolk Island, and New Zealand, and was present at most of the fighting in the operations in the latter country against the Maoris in 1845- 46. He was mentioned twice in despatches ; and promoted to a lieutenancy in the 96 th regiment, August, 1848, serving in that regiment in India until October, 1854, during which time he passed the required examination in surveying, and was pro- moted captain, July, 1852. He served as a volunteer in the suppression of the San- thal rebellion in 1855, in command of a troop of the Nawaub of Moorshedabad's •cavalry, and received the thanks of the Indian government. He exchanged into the 29th regiment, June, 1855, and served with it in Burmah ; served during the Indian mutiny, 1857-58, in General Frank's column -on the march to the siege of Lucknow, and was present as A.D.C. at all the engage- ments and affairs which took place on that march ; also as A.D.C. to General Sir E. Lugard, K.C.B., at the siege and capture of Lucknow, in the pursuit of Roor Singh, and the subsequent engagements ; was five times mentioned in despatches, and recommended for the Victoria Cross for two acts of bravery, but being on the personal staff was not considered eligible by Lord Clyde ; re- ceived the brevet of major ; served as brigade-major to the field force in Oude, employed in attacking the forts of the rebel ■chiefs ; served with the 29 th regiment in England from 1859 to 1861 ; A.D.C. to General Franklyn in Gibraltar ; brigade- major and temporary police magistrate in that fortress, and as A.D.C. to General Sir Henry Bates, at Malta, until November, 1862. He passed through Hythe School of Musketry and the Staff College, obtaining a first-class certificate at the former. Re-join- ing the 29th regiment in Canada, in August, 1868, he held various important appointments in the service until the re- moval of the Imperial troops from Canada. In July, 1870, he became superintending officer of garrison instruction to the forces, and inaugurated that system. He was com- mandant of the Royal Military College from September, 1874, until his appointment to the command of the Militia of Canada, July, 1884. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel, March, 1869, and colonel, July, 1875. Sir Frederick has the New Zealand medal, the Indian mutiny medal and clasp, and the cross of commander of the bath. In 1885, after the close of the rebellion in the North- West territories, he was appointed a knight commander of the order of St. Michael and St. George. He married, in Montreal, Feb- ruary 17, 1870, Miss Doucet, of that city. The Imperial government, though exerting its best judgment, has not been always fortunate in the selection of governors and military commanders to send to Can- ada, but in the choice of Major-General Middleton, it certainly exhibited much wisdom, and from its happy selection it has fallen to Canada to be richly the gainer. The late deplorable outbreak in our North-West territories is not distant enough yet to require description from our hands ; it only remains to us to say that the affair terminated in a way highly credi- table to our militia and patriotism. But the man who most justly received the widest recognition was the commander of the expeditionary force-the subject of this sketch. In a degree, larger perhaps than most people were aware, the success- ful termination of that revolt was due to the skill, the good judgment, and the tem- per and the firmness of General Middle- ton ; and the grant of $20,000 with which parliament recognized his services, and the knighthood which it pleased Her Majesty to bestow upon him, were never within our knowledge of history more justly earned and more appropriately bestowed. Stratliy, Henry Seton, Cashier of the Traders Bank, Toronto,was born on the 29th January, 1832, in Edinburgh, Scot- land. He is the youngest son, in a family of twelve, of the late Alexander Strathy, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 491 of Beechwood, near London, Ontario. At Beechwood the subject of this sketch receiv- ed his education. Mr. Strathy began his business career in the wholesale house of Hope, Birrell & Co., of London, Ontario, where he remained for three years. In 1850 he entered the Gore Bank, at London, and there remained for three years ; after which he was removed to Hamilton, and appointed teller of the head office in that city. In 18G2 he was appointed inspector, his judgment having been held in high regard by the man- agement. He then became manager of the London branch, but retired in 1864. He was not content with the progress that came by the regulation turning of the bank wheels ; and this was why he turned his en- ergies into another sphere. He was appoint- ed secretary and treasurer of the Huron and Erie Society, of London ; and was elected a director of that society on retiring from its management in 1867, to take the manage- ment of the London branch of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, then just organized. In 1869 he was appointed cashier of that bank, but retired on the 31st December, 1872, when he removed to Montreal, to join the Stock Exchange in that city. In 1874 he was appointed cashier of the Federal Bank, retiring from that position in 1884. Shortly afterwards he organized the Traders Bank, of which institution he is now the general manager. A son of Presbyterian parents, he was brought up as a Presbyterian, but when sixteen years of age he joined the Church of England, and has remained a member of that communion since. He mar- ried at Hamilton, on the 29th January, 1857, Frances Emilia, eldest and only surviving daughter of the late Hon. John Wetenhall,of Hawkelow, County of Wentworth, and grand daughter of the late General Hale, gover- nor of Londonderry. He was adjutant with the rank of coronet in th} Wentworth cav- alry troop, when commanded by the late Hon. Harcourt Bull ; but retired, retaining his rank. He subsequently joined the 13th battalion Hamilton Infantry, as a private. Mr. Strathy has been a director of various loan societies and insurance companies ; and has been a prominent figure in various im- portant public enterprises. In politics he has always been a Reformer. Some men have missed great achievement because the stars have fought against them, and not through any fault of their own. In one epoch in the life of Mr. Strathy, this has been notably the case. He was at the head of the Federal Bank during the period when our great North-West wilderness sprang in- to commercial importance. Towards the new region with its illimitable stretches of grain land, its fertility of soil and mildness of climate, every enterprising eye was turn- ed. Men came from all parts to buy the lands, and some of the most capable and level-headed men in Canada, indeed in the world, went to our North-West, and staked their fortunes there. It was by no means the wild and the visionary ones who went ; but there was a general march of capital, en- terprise and experience thither. The Can- adian Pacific Railroad was in operation, hund- reds of thousands of persons had crossed the ocean to settle upon the treeless lands, and Winnipeg was like an enormous hive. Mr. Strathy knew all this, and with other men of experience, made important stakes in the new region ; then the rush came to a stand still ; next followed panic, and the morrow's sun beheld the country strewn with the wreck of a " boom." All men there suffer- ed, and many a wise head was covered with disaster. Mr. Strathy's branch institution suffered with the rest ; but it shared only in the general fate. As part of the commerce of the North-West, it was shaken, and it was not in the power of any man alive to be able to avert such a result. The reverses of the branch reacted on the Fed >ral gener- ally, and for a time its condition was a strained one. But had the " boom " not exploded, instead of chronicling a reverse, it would have fallen to us to record a splendid achievement. Mr. Strathy may have been over enthusiastic, but he erred with all the enterprising men of the country ; and to the course which he adopted there, he was strongly urged by men of eminent judgment, and of high commercial and financial stand- ing. Mr. Strathy is emphatically a man of energy, and in banking circles his figure is a towering one. He has had his lesson ; but we are not going too far when we predict that he will speedily retrieve the past, and be soon again foremost among bankers who are successful, as he is now one of the very first among those who are able. Swift, James, Kingston, Ontario, was born at Toronto, on the 20th February, 1844, being a son of Michael Swift and Catherine Haughey His father was foreman in charge of the military stores of the war de- partment until the same was closed at To- ronto. He received his early educational training at the public schools, and concluded his studies at Regiopolis college, Kingston, Ontario. In mercantile and general business life he has been active and enterprising, and his ventures have been crowned by a hand- 492 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF some measure of success. He is president of the Kingston and Rideau Navigation Com- pany, and a director in the Kingston and Pembroke Railway Company. He is largely interested in steamboats and iron ore mines, and in the shipping trade generally. He is likewise a wharfinger, is prominently con- nected with insurance, and is the most exten- sive importer of coal in Kingston. Itis hardly necessary to add that the business abilities of Mr. Swift are regarded to be of a very high order, and that his repute for integrity in all his dealings is the very highest. He is a Roman catholic, and a staunch Conservative in politics. Dickson, Rev. James A. R., B.D., Galt, Ontario, was born in Tranent, Scotland, on October 22, 1839. His father was David Dickson, a pious man, who was careful of the godly upbringing of his children, and being a zealous Free Churchman, instructed them in the standards of the church. Mr. Dickson came to Canada in the summer of 1857 to an uncle in Brantford, who was engaged in busi- ness there, where he resided for some time. His uncle attending the ministry of the Rev. John Wood, of the Congregational church, he went with him, and under the faithful preaching of Mr. Wood experienced the great change which altered the entire current of his life. He was active in Christian work in the Sabbath school and Y. M. C. As- sociation, but an irrepressible longing for wider usefulness led him to prepare for the Christian ministry. He took private lessons in Latin and Greek, attended the Brantford Grammar school for several ses- sions, and in 1860 entered the Congre- gational college of B. N. A. in Toronto, which was then under the principalship of Adam Lillie, D.D. While pursuing theo- logical studies here, he attended classes in Logic, Hebrew, Latin and Greek in Univer- sity college ; mathematics, metaphysics and other subjects being taken up by special masters appointed by the board of the Con- gregational college. In 1864 the college being removed to Montreal, he attended the McGill college, studying zoology, botany and geology under Sir William Dawson, LL.D. ; Hebrew under Dr. De Sola, and logic, English literature and moral philos- ophy under Canon Leach. He graduated in 1865, and was called to the Congregational church in London, Ontario, where he re- mained for six years. While here he edi- ted for three years The Gospel Message, a monthly, published in Montreal. He pub- lished " Working for Jesus," which is now, and has been for the past thirteen years, issued by the American Tract Society of New' York, and the Religious Tract Society of London. Also a 32-page tract, "Saved or Not ? " and " Counsels for Young Converts.,y In June, 1867, he married Isabella E., eldest daughter of Walter Fairbairn of London, Ontario. In 1871 he was called to the North- ern church, Toronto. He at first declined, but after three months he was called again and accepted. Here he remained about eight years, till he changed his ecclesiastical rela- tions, returning to the church of his fathers. While in Toronto he was honoured with the highest position in the gift of the Congrega- tional churches, being elected Chairman of the Congregational Union of Ontario and Quebec in 1877. Here he began to write for the Sunday School Times, Sunday School World, and Canada Presbyterian, to which he has been a frequent contributor. He pub- lished " Immediately," * ' The Rest of Faith," " Christian Culture," " A Good Min- ister of Jesus Christ," tracts which have had an extensive circulation. He was chosen sec- retary of the Upper Canada Tract Society in 1874, which he held until 1879. On resign- ing his charge in Toronto, he visited for five months the branch societies of the Upper Canada Tract Society. He filled Dr. Coch- rane's pulpit in Brantford for three months, while the doctor was in Britain in 1879. While here he was called to Galt, and settled there on October 13th, 1879. Since his settlment in Galt he has published " Exposi- tory Bible Readings," " Working for the Children," and a tract entitled "A Word in Season." On the regulations being is- sued for the conferring of the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, Mr. Dickson went to Montreal Presbyterian College, and passing the examination proper to the degree, took it in March, 1883. Mr. Dickson's work has been very successful. When he went to London the church there numbered 50 mem- bers ; when he left there 160 in good standing were on the roll. In Toronto he began with 75 members and left 230 ; in Galt the church numbered 217 members when he entered on his work ; and now, in 1885, it numbers over 500. The congrega- tion built for him in 1881 one of the hand- somest ecclesiastical structures in Canada. It is mentioned in "Picturesque Canada." Thomson, Robert, of the firm of McDonald & Thomson, millers, Woodstock, Ontario, was born in Roxboroughshire, Scot- land, in 1833. He is a son of Andrew and Agnes (Bass) Thomson, his maternal grand- father being supervisor of Customs at Hunt- ley, Aberdeenshire. Our subject's father CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 493 was a millwright in his native (Kelso) town, and was a man of much thrift and force of ■character. After his marriage, in February 1832, he began to think of emigrating to Canada, but it was not until 1842 that he decided upon leaving his native country, and with a family of four children, Robert being then in his ninth year, he went on board ship, arriving, in due time, at To- ronto. He set led at the Humber, in the County of York, where he engaged in the millwright business, erecting several mills through Ontario, and among others that one now standing at the Humber, which he built for the Honourable Sir William Howland. He likewise built a woollen mill for William Gamble. In 1846 he removed to the village of Ingersoll, and in the same year built a large structure, now known as Carl's flour mills. In 1847 he removed to Beechville, and began business for himself as millwright and engineer, continuing in the same until 1856, when he, together with the subject of this sketch, and the late James Muirhead, of London, established a foundry under the firm name of Thomson, Muirhead & Thomson, and afterwards known as the ■"Oxford Foundry." In 1859 Mr. Thomson sold his interest to Robert Whiteland, then foreman of machinists in the shop, and now •of Woodstock. He then removed to the vil- lage of Innerkip, Oxford, where he purchas- ed a farm and mill privilege on the river Thames, and erected a large flour, oat- meal and saw mills, where he conducted a large business. In 1870, having amassed a comfortable fortune, he retired from active business and removed to Mitchell, where he still resides. He is now above seventy-eight years of age, and Mrs. Thomson seventy-two, yet both are active, and in 1882 celebrated their golden wedding, surrounded by their children and grand children, numbering in all about forty. Robert Thomson received a common school education, concluding his studies at the Woodstock Grammar school at the age of seventeen. He then entered the shops of his father in Beechville to learn the millwright and engineer business, and continued as journeyman there until 1856, when he became a member of the firm of Thomson, Muirhead & Co., in the Oxford foundry. In 1860 he rented the interests of the other partners, and carried on the business himself. In 1863 he removed to the town of Mitchell, where he purchased the foundry of the late William Smith, reg- istrar of the County of Perth, where he commenced the manufacture of agricultural implements in connection with his mill work. In 1868 he took into partnership A. R. Williams, now of Toronto, when the firm became Thomson & Williams, and was one of the best known manufacturing houses in Ontario. In 1874 the firm arranged to divide their business, removing the engine and boiler department to the town of Stratford, under the name of the Thomson & Williams Manufacturing Company, Limited. They erected large shops, but owing to slack busi- ness and oppression in trade did not occupy the premises until 1875, when the town offered a bonus if they would bring all their works to Stratford. Accordingly, in the fall of the same year, they removed their shops thither, and commenced business with the subject of this sketch as president. They carried on a most extensive business, turning out some of the largest engines in among which might be mentioned that for Park & Sons, woollen mills, St. John, N. B., and also for the new Cotton Com- pany in the same city ; for the Merchants' Cotton Company, Montreal; besides numer- ous other immense engines in all parts of Canada, they have sent mills and machinery from Halifax to Vancouver Island. In the fall of 1883 the company dissolved, and the property was sold to George T. Smith, of the Purifier Company, Michigan. Immedi- ately after the sale, our subject purchased, together with his brother-in-law, Thomas McDonald, merchant, of Mitchell, the large flouring and milling establishment in Wood- stock, known as the "Great Western Mills," which is one of the largest establishments of this kind in the Dominion. At the head of this business Mr. Thomson still continues, the firm being known as McDonald & Thom- son. It is a remarkable circumstance that in 1856 Mr. Thomson drew the plans, and built, and put in the machinery of the very establishment which he was in after years to own. Since that time large additions have been erected and immense quantities of new machinery put in, among which are the new process of roller flouring mills, and now this gigantic establishment turns out 175 barrels of flour daily. In the oatmeal department the subject of our sketch has invented, and almost completed, a system of oatmeal manufacture which will revolu- tionize the trade. The machines are now running in the mills, and patents for the same are being issued. Among Mr. Thom sons different inventions are a new combined oat cleaner and grader, a new machine for feeding the ' ' groats " on rollers so that they go endwise through the rolls. A great many other useful mechanical arrangements are 494 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF due to his originality and skill. The capac- ity of the oatmeal department is about 150 barrels per day. In the split pea divi- sion there is a vast improvement, it being refitted and furnished with new and com- plete machinery, so that it shall have a capacity of 125 barrels per day. This great establishment is one well worth visiting, and shows the dash and enterprise of the firm. The mills go night and day, and the firm export flour, etc., to the United States, Great Britain, and the Canadian markets. Mr. Thomson was for three years a council- man in Mitchell. He is a Liberal in poli- tics, and is a Freemason. His religion is Presbyterianism. On the 10th of Septem- ber, 1859, he married Isabella, youngest daughter of the late John McDonald, of Stewartfield, Aberdeen, Scotland, and has six sons and two daughters living. John Thomson, the eldest son, is financial mana- ger of the firm, and the others, Andrew and Robert, are connected with the mill in their father's employ. Rose, Daniel, Toronto, was born at Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland, on the 11th March, 1835. His father was Donald Rose, and his mother Christian Maclean. The family is one of the oldest in the old Royal Bourgh of Wick, his paternal grand- father being one of the volunteers who sprang to arms to defend the country when it was threatened with invasion by Napoleon. His maternal grandfather, George Maclean, fought at Bunker Hill, during the American revolutionary war, and afterwards in the campaign between Britain and the leagued armies of France, Spain and Holland. Daniel was educated at the Pulteney- town academy (Wick), the largest and best educational institution in the county, where he remained until the family left Scot- land for America, in 1851. They arrived in Montreal, on the last day of May, and on the first of June our subject commenced his ap- prenticeship to the printing business, in the establishment of J. 0. Becket. Montreal was at that period only a city of 57,000 inhabitants, and Mr. Rose remembers the arrival of the first 1000-ton ship, of the first steamship, and the commence- ment of the Victoria bridge, with the pro- phesies that the bridge would cause the ice to dam the river in the spring, and would be the means of sweeping away Griffintown. After serving about three years with Mr. Becket, he left that establishment, served a short time in the Montreal Herald office- until it became a daily paper-and then finished his apprenticeship with his brothers Henry and George Maclean, who carried on a job printing business in Montreal. He afterwards entered the establishment of John Lovell, and in the fall of 1855 went to Old Cambridge, near Boston, where he spent some time in the University office. While working in this establishment he set the first edition of the second volume of Prescott's " History of Philip II. of Spain " ; (and at a later period in the City of Toronto, along with another employe, the first Canadian geography.) This was a stirring time in the United States ; for it was then that the different parties, whigs, free-soilers, know-nothings and abolitionists, were blending into what is now the great Re- publican party of the United States. Polit- ical feeling Iran high, General Fremont was running for president, and on the occa- sion of the celebrated meeting in Faneuil hall, Boston, to protest against the striking of Senator Sumner by Brooks in Washington, Mr. Rose was one of a deputation that re- presented Old Cambridge at the assemblage. In October, 1856, he left Cambridge for Lon- don, Canada West, remained there for five months, and then came to Toronto, arriving on the first of March, 1857. In 1858 he joined the Highland company of what was then known as the 2nd battalion of volun- teer militia, and now known as the Queen's Own Rifles. He was out with his com- pany on the night of the celebrated riot of the carters in Toronto, defending the pre- mises of the Shedden company. The com- pany's arms were loaded ready for any em- ergency, but fortunately the rioters were suppressed without any lives being lost. In 1859 he left Toronto for Montreal, and join- ed the Highland company attached to the Prince of Wales regiment; and was one of the guard of honour on the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales to Montreal, in 1860. He left the Prince of Wales regiment with the company when it was attached to the Royals; but afterwards rejoined that regiment, and when it was called out for service to repel the first Fenian invasion, he accompanied the regiment and was ap- pointed its sergeant-major at the front. Shortly after the return of the troops, he tendered his resignation, after having served about eight years in the volunteers. In 1861 he entered into partnership with his eldest brother, Henry, and carried on the printing business for two years, when his partner retired from the firm, and he con- tinued to carry on the same alone until 1877, when he removed to Toronto, on the death of Mr. Hunter, to enter into partnership CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 495 with his brother, George Maclean, of the firm of Hunter, Rose & Co. Mr. Rose has always taken an active and energetic part in the different moral and philanthropic so- cieties. He took the temperance pledge when a child, and has since remained stead- fast to his vow. He has been a member of different temperance orders, but was most prominently connected with the I. O. of Good Templars. He joined that body in Febru- ery, 1862 ; was by his zeal and activity the principal means of forming the Grand Lodge of Quebec, and had the honor of being elected its first grand secretary, and filled that post for two years and three months. When he resigned he was presented by the Grand Lodge with an address in acknowledg- ment of his services, ft is a matter of re- cord that the Grand Lodge, during his term of office, attained the largest numberof mem- bers and amount of finances exhibited at any other time in its existence. He represent- ed the Grand Lodge in the R. W. G. Lodge at the sessions held at Bloomington, Louis- ville, and Portland, and took an active part against the secession that occurred at the session at Louisville. On his return his action was unanimously sustained by the Grand Lodge. Mr. Rose has since represent- ed the Grand Lodge of Ontario at the Wash- ington session, and he is regarded as one of the foremost temperance men in the Do- minion. In 1855 he joined the Caledonian Society at its first meeting, and after his re- turn to Montreal became an active member, being continuously on the executive. He twice filled the office of president, and on the occasion of his leaving the city, was en- tertained by the society at a public banquet, and presented with a handsome testimonial as a token of their regard. He represented the society at the formation of the International Caledonian Society in New York. When an apprentice he joined the Mechanics' Insti- tute, afterwards became a life member, and twice held the office of secretary of that im- portant institution. He was also one of the founders of the Numismatic and Antiqua- rian Society of Montreal, was printer and one of the editors of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Journal; filled for several years the office of vice-president of the soci- ety, and was elected president in 1876. He was presented with an address by the soci- ety on leaving for Toronto, expressive of its appreciation of his services in the institu- tion itself as well as by his activity and abil- ity on the journal. He was also a mem- ber of the Natural History Society of Mont- real, and served on its library committee. In 1865, Mr. Rose was initiated into Masonry, in Elgin lodge, S. R., Montreal, where he filled several offices. On the formation of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, a number of the brothers of that lodge, sympathising with the new Grand Lodge, instituted St. Andrew's- lodge under their register. Mr. Rose was elected first senior warden, and subse- quently Master. On his leaving the city he was elected the first honourary member of the lodge, and presented with an address. He was initiated into Capitular Masonry in St. Charles chapter, in 1875, and filled the- office of third principal when he left the city. On his arrival in Toronto he affiliated with St. Andrew's lodge, No. 16, G.R.C., where he now takes an active interest. He is one of the charter members of Osiris Rose Croix Chapter of Royal and Oriental Free Mason- ry ; has filled the office of deputy grand master in the Sovereign Sanctuary for several terms, and on the death of M. Ill. Bro. Longley, who held the office of grand master ad vitarn was elected to fill that important office. He is also a member of the Scottish rite, being a 33 ° grand inspector general, as well as several other of the Hunt Grade Masonic rite. He married in 1861, Jane, daughter of George Mowat, of Toronto, a native of Wick, Scotland ; and has issue two sons and one daughter living. In religion he is a Unitarian, and attends the Jarvis street Unitarian church. In politics he is a Re- former, and a prohibitionist. In private and social life Mr. Rose is extremely genial. One of his recreations in the domestic hour is with bric-a-brac and old coins, a compre- hensive collection of which may be seen at his residence, 252 Victoria street. He is admitted to have excellent business capacity, for he has known how to turn to profit all the lessons which he has learned in his wide experience. Although, as we have said, he is a Reformer, he is not one of those men who wear a bandage over their eyes, reserving to himself the right to differ from the leaders of his party when their views or their acts do not commend themselves to his judgment on public questions. Mr. Rose holds very en- lightened and progressive opinions. One of his sons, Daniel Albert, is taking a course of medicine at Trinity Medical School. Archibald, Hon. Adams CL, Hali- fax, is a descendant of one of the oldest fami- lies in Nova Scotia. He is the son of Samuel Archibald and grandson of James Archibald, who was judge of the court of Common Pleas, Nova Scotia. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Pictou academy. 496 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Leaving school he was articled in a law office, and in 1838 was called to the bar of Prince Edward Island. A year later he became a barrister of Nova Scotia. He married in 1843, Elizabeth A., the only daughter of the late Rev. John Burnyeat. In 1851 Mr. Archibald began his political career, being in that year elected for Colchester county ; but it was not till 1854 that he took any con- spicuous part, when he seconded and advo- cated a motion which had arisen out of the question of reciprocity. This was an occasion that brought forth the angry protests of all maritime province public men who had the spirit of independence and fair play. The Reciprocity treaty, in which the seaboard pro- vinces were deeply interested, had been settled by Downing street, without careful ■consideration of what was the interest of the province or of its inhabitants. It would have been but little short of a miracle if the dull-witted but exceedingly self-opinionated officials about the Colonial office could have understood what the colonies merited ; the people of the maritime provinces knew this, but they contended that proper consideration should have been given to their interests ; that the sense of the province should have been obtained, instead of hastily binding them to a treaty dictated by Americans who thoroughly understood where lay their own interests. In drawing up the treaty of Washington, Sir John Macdonald, as a citi- zen of the Dominion which had vital inter- ests involved, was, by a very great compli- ment, created one of the Canadian commis- sioners ; but it was soon found that so far as his colonial potentiality went he was a mere puppet. He was given plainly to under- stand that he was there representing the Empire, not Canada, and that he must con- sider that the only claim which the Domi- nion made upon him was to act as the in- terpreter of her interests. But Canadian interests, when pitted against " considera- tions" which the United States had imposed upon the Empire, were of small concern in- deed. Edward Blake is seeking now to obtain for Canada the right to negotiate her own commercial treaties ; but the conserva- tives, with Sir John Macdonald at their head, oppose his exertions. However, to return to Mr. Archibald. With Mr. Howe he joined in affirming that the province should have been consulted in the mak- ing of a treaty which so seriously con- cerned its interests. From 1854 to 1857 Nova Scotia discussed the project of union with the other British North American pro- vinces, and in the year last named Mr. Archibald, who was now in opposition, and J. W. Johnston, attorney-general, were sent to England to confer with Mr. Labouchere, secretary of state for the colonies. In 1860 a change of ministry took place, and Mr. Archibald became attorney-general, which office he retained till 1863. In 1864 he at- tended the Quebec conference on the sub- ject of the Intercolonial Railway; and in 1864 he seconded Dr. Tupper's motion for the appointment of five delegates to confer with the other provincial delegates on the subject of a maritime union. What grew out of this conference is known. The Ca- nadian delegation made a descent upon the maritime province delegates who were hold- ing their conference in Prince Edward Is- land ; the larger scheme of a general con- federation was proposed and was discussed later at the Quebec conference, finally result- ing in the creation of the Dominion of Ca- nada. Mr. Archibald attended all these conferences • and in England took a promi- nent place in the pamphlet discussion car- ried on between the confederates and the antis, under the brilliant, powerful, but not over-consistent Howe. For the confedera- tion scheme Mr. Archibald always fought with great zeal. In 1867 he was called to the privy council as secretary of state for the provinces, an office which has since been abolished. Three years later he was ap- pointed lieutenant-governor of Manitoba and the North-West territories. The act of his public life which has been most cen- sured, was his having recourse to the aid of the murderer Riel, and his baleful lieu- tenant, Lepine, when the Fenian ruffian O'Donoghue threatened an invasion of the province; but as he himself says, he did this to save the province from being over- run. Perhaps his course was the wisest. The lieutenant-governor's defence was, that by his action the Dominion had been given a province to defend instead of to conquer. Notwithstanding the state paper of Lord Dufferin, and all that has been written by the lieutenant-governor's apologists, some yet censure Mr. Archibald for joining hands with these two men. In May, 1873, he resigned, and the following month became Judge of Equity in Nova Scotia. This position he filled only for a few weeks, receiving an appointment to the lieutenant- governorship made vacant by the death of Governor Howe. In 1872 he had been created a companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Mr. Archibald had good judgment, a broad mind, and a sturdy perseverance. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 497 Macmaster, Donald, Q.C., M.P. for Glengarry, Ontario, was born in Glen- garry, on the 3rd September, 1846. He was educated at Williamstown Grammar school, and at McGill University, Montreal. He graduated, and took the degree of B.C.L. from McGill college, in March, 1871 ; and was senior honourman, gold medalist, prize essayist and valedictorian of the year. Hav- ing secured his degree he entered upon the study of law and was called to the bar of Quebec in July, 1871, and to the bar of Ontario in January, 1882. He was appoint- ed Queen's counsel in January, 1882 ; was first elected to represent Glengarry in the Legislature of Ontario on June 5th, 1879. He represented the county for three years. He then resigned his seat, to accept the nomination for the House of Commons, in May, 1882. He was elected to represent Glengarry on the 20th June, 1882, defeating the Hon. D. A. Macdonald, ex-governor of Ontario, who had formerly represented the county, by a majority of 224 votes. Mr. Macmaster has resided in Montreal since 1868, but practices at the bars of Ontario and Quebec. He has been retained in important criminal cases, and with W. A. Foster, of Toronto, successfully defended C. W. Bunting in the celebrated Ontario bribery case. He is senior partner in the law fim of Macmaster, Hutchinson & Dion, Montreal, and is much engaged in import- ant law cases in Quebec courts, and has conducted some important constitutional cases before the Privy Council in England. He married in September, 1880, Janet Sand- field, second daughter of Ronald Sandfiel'd Macdonald, of Lancaster, Glengarry, who died in September, 1883. He is Conser- vative in politics, and supports Sir John A. Macdonald. As will be inferred from this record, Mr. Macmaster ranks as one of the very foremost advocates at the bar of Ontario or of Quebec. As a lawyer he shows remarkable skill in the marshalling of his facts, and his general mode of pre- senting his case. When he has taken his ground, and he is seldom found standing upon a baseless fabric, it is impossible to dislodge him. He is very earnest in his manner, and there is a weight and dignity about his utterances that do not fail to make their impression. As a member of the House of Commons, Mr. Macmaster's rank is as high as it is at the bar ; and there is not perhaps to be found in parliament a more active or more useful representative, or a gentleman whose declaration is received with more attention and respect. Temple, Thomas, M.P. for Yorkr New Brunswick, and ex-Sheriff of the same county, was born at Bampton, Oxfordshire, England, on the 4th November, 1818. He is a son of Charles Temple, of the same place, who came to this conntry in 1832, set- tling in the County of York, New Bruns- wick. Young Temple had barely passed his thirteenth year when he reached New Brunswick, and as this was not a time when a classical education could be easily attained, he was obliged, as most people were in those days, to be content with what he had learnt at home, and at the lesser schools. His father adopted the usual occupation of the time, farming, and the son helped him in all the duties incidental to such an employ- ment. At the age of twenty he obtained a gift horse from his father, and joined a com- pany of York Light Dragoons, under Major Wilmot, afterwards judge of the Supreme Court, and lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, this corps having been raised " to protect the interests of the province during the troubles which existed between the Colonies and the United States in regard to the boundary line between the Province of New Brunswick and the bordering State of Maine." His connection with the Light Dragoons lasted for tnree months, at the end of which period the episode known as the Aroostook war was closed by the treaty of Ashburton. It was after this that Mr. Tem- ple was to make his way to the very front amongst those princes of commerce to whom the trade of the provinces is largely indebt- ed for its success. Having good foresight, he at once perceived that the lumbering business offered an excellent field for enter- prise, and embarking in this business, he soon had achieved so much success that he was enabled to purchase the splendid Po- quiock mills, owned by Morrison, Shives & McPherson. He conducted these for two years, after which he sold them to an American company, and removed to the City of Fredericton, where he has resided since. He now engaged in the lumber bus- iness on an extensive scale, being associated with Mr. John Pickard, late M.P. for York, and other gentlemen. The firm purchased a large saw-mill to cut lumber for the Eng- lish market, but it was burnt, and this branch of the business came to an end. There is no other man to whom the central por- tion of New Brunswick is as much indebted as Mr. Temple. In 1869, in conjunction with Mr. Burbee, he began the construction of what is known as the Fredericton Branch Railway, a road which gave the capital and A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 498 the country surrounding it connection with the great American system of railways, and with the Intercolonial. In 1871 it was com- pleted and ready for traffic, and Mr. Temple has remained its president since. Mr. Tem- ple is proprietor of the largest farm in New Brunswick, situated in Gloucester county, it having an area of five hundred and thirty acres, nearly four hundred of which are cleared. There is a mill upon the property preparing timber for foreign market. For about twenty years Mr Temple held the position of sheriff of York, but in the mean- time he kept up his extensive business connections. The Peoples Bank of Fred- ericton, of which he is a director, owes its existence in a great measure to Mr. Temple. Upon the death of John Pickard, in 1884, he contested York in the interests of the Conservative party, being opposed by Mr. George F. Gregory, a partner of Mr. Blair, leader of the government of New Brunswick, and was successful, defeating his opponent by 178 votes. The county had for many years before been considered strongly reform, having elected Mr. Pick- ard over the best men whom the conserva- tives found willing to take the field, and the result in the last election speaks strongly for the personal popularity of the subject of this sketch, especially, too, when we consider that Mr. Gregory is probably one of the ablest men in New Brunswick. Mr. Temple has made a most valuable representative, for almost entirely through his exertions has the splendid achievement of bridging the St. John between Fredericton and St. Mary's been accomplished. Mr. Temple married, in October, 1840, Susanna, only daughter ef Solomon Howe, of Maine, and has by this lady five children. In social life Mr. Temple and his family are exceed- ingly popular, and their handsome resi- dence overlooks the waters of the St. John river. Emsley, Rev. William II., Napanee, was born on 9 th March, 1850, in the town of Barnsley, in the west riding of the County of York, England. His father, Joseph Ems- ley, proprietor of the Flockton Main colliery, and linen manufacturer, was likewise a native of Yorkshire, and son of William Emsley of Cud worth, long noted in the county as a front rank educationist. Joseph Emsley married Elizabeth Wiles, who was bor i in the West Indies, and who with her brothers had been sent to England to obtain the advantage of higher education. Mr. Emsley was educated in the Grammar school of his native town and in London. His studies were principally guided with a view to the practice of law, for which profession he was designed. This purpose, however, was overruled, and accordingly, in the win- ter of 1870, in company with twro com- paions, the Reverends James Strothard and Caleb Parker, Mr. Emsley crossed the Atlantic and joined the Eastern British American conference of the Methodist church, being sent to Truro as assistant to Rev. John Read, who was then in delicate health. After a short residence, however, his health became unsettled and he return- ed to England, obtaining an appointment in the civil service, which he relinquished in order to enter the East London Training In- stitute for Christian workers, and to assist in the secretary's office of the Children's Home, with which institution he was associated. He did mission work in the east end of Lon- don until the summer of 1874, when he re- turned to Canada, and was at once engaged to supply a vacancy caused by death on the Maynooth mission of the Toronto conference of the Methodist Church of Canada. With this conference he remained identified until the consummation of the union of the vari- ous Methodist churches in 1884, when the arrangement brought him into the Bay of Quinte c nference limits. Ordained in the year 1878, in Toronto, Mr. Emsley has had the somewhat unusual record of having never left the platform of the conference, but as assistant secretary or journal secre- tary has regularly served his church. He has also represented his district on the stationing committee four times in the past seven years. His appointments have been respectively : Trenton, Newcastle, Markham, Newcastle (a second time), Magnetawan, Minden, B fficaygeon, Lindsay, and Napa- nee. On the 29th of August, 1878, Mr. Emslie married Susie, youngest daughter of the late Henry Major, of Pickering. Mr. Major was one of the leading men of his county, and was a successful agriculturist. It may be interesting as indicative of the rapid development of our country to know that Mr. Major once owned what is now valuable property in Toronto, then Little York, and that he traded it for a share in a flat boat on Lake Ontario, and was well satisfied with his bargain. His sons, the Major brothers, of Whitevale, are worthily following in their father's steps. Mr. Ems- ley is a young man not yet in the prime of life. He is however occupying the leading pulpits in his conference, and with reason- able anticipation of many years of service before him. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 499 Tupper, Hon. Sir Charles, one of the ablest and most successful public men in Canada, was born at Amherst, Nova Sco- tia, on the 2nd of July, 1821. His father was the Rev. Charles Tupper, a Baptist min- ister of some ability, who raised himself into local prominence from among the lower classes of the people. Young Tupper, the subject of this sketch, was a clever lad, and his father was resolved that he should go to school. There is a story told that after Charles Tupper had obtained such education as was within his range, that he then took up the calling of shoemaker ; and that he was indebted to the bounty of a friend for means by which to attend a Medical college afterwards. He was sent to Edinburgh, where he studied medicine with the same energy and success that characterized him in his political career afterwards. Three years after his return with the degree of M.D., he married Frances Morse, of Am- herst. From 1843 to 1855, Dr. Tupper "worked like a horse" at his profession, creating for himself an extensive and lucra- tive practice. A man of Dr. Tupper's am- bitious turn was likely, sooner or later, to take that road which leads so many men to high public distinction. Probably few men in this country were ever so well equipped for such a career. He had a good presence, a hearty, genial, manly address ; he had read widely, observed keenly, and could dis- course volubly and captivatingly upon any topic that arose. His extensive professional practice made him known to nearly every- body in Cumberland ; and he had the tact -as the time was near that he had chosen for embarkation on public life-to be less prompt in sending in his accounts, and to be less rigid in enforcing payment than hereto- fore. Indeed, the robust and correct busi- ness man soon attained the name of being generous. Mr. Tupper was always a Con- servative, and for the Conservative party he always expressed his preferences. But he could not be called a tory. There was no- thing retrogressive or narrow about him, and he did not care three straws for custom or tradition, if it stood in the way of any con- dition of affairs that he considered desirable. In 1855 a general election took place in Nova Scotia, and in response to a call from a num- ber of prominent Conservatives, he offered himself for Cumberland, and was success- ful. And successful, too, over an opponent no less redoubtable than the great lion of the Reform party, " Joe Howe." Howe was a most generous opponent. In that contest he did not suppose that he would be defeated, but he recognized the strength of his young opponent. From hustings to hus- tings he went, at each one saying that he had no fear for the result, but bearing testi- mony to the power of his opponent, and predicting that the time was near when he would be heard from, and render a credit- able account of himself. In the house the young member for Cumberland at once at- tracted notice by his exceeding volubility, and the sledge-hammer force of his speak- ing. Compared with Howe he was "rough," and rather verbose, but he was astute, ready, sarcastic, and often overwhelming. "He was probably then, and unquestionably had been afterwards to the date of his re- tirement from public life in Canada, by all odds the most powerful and successful "stump " orator in the country. For down- right thunderous strength of style, no one could come near him. In 1856 he became provincial secretary, in the Hon. James W. Johnston's administration ; in 1858 he went to England on a mission connected with the Intercolonial Railway ; and in 1864 he be- came premier, on the retirement of Mr. Johnston to the Bench. In 1869, he moved the resolutions providing for a conference in Prince Edward Island, to consider the pro- ject of a maritime union. That project was merged into the larger one, which aimed at a confederation of the whole of the British North America provinces. In the confeder- ation movement Dr. Tupper took a leading place, attending the Quebec conference, and afterwards going to England when the ques- tion was discussed before the members of the Imperial government. In 1867 he was created a C.B.; and in the same year was invited to take a seat in the Privy council. This he refused, remaining a private mem- ber till 1870, when he consented to become president of the council. In 1872 he became minister of Inland Revenue ; and in 1873 minister of Customs, which office he was soon obliged to surrender by reason of the defeat of the ministry. During the cam- paign of 1878 he was like a lion in the fight, and his great battle-cry infused courage into the hearts of thousands of men who wavered between the two parties. That year the Liberals were defeated, and Dr. Tupper be- came minister of Public Works till that de- partment was divided, when he took the portfolio of Railways and Canals. In 1879 he was created a knight of the order of St. Michael and St. George. His connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway is in everybody's mind. To him more than to any other man in Canada is due the success A CYCLOPEDIA OF 500 of that enterprise. In 1883 he was appoint- ed high commissioner of Canada to the court of St. James, retaining his position as minister of Railways and Canals. This an- omalous, double-barrelled position was felt to be untenable, and Sir John Macdonald passed an act relieving the honourable gen- tleman from penalties under the Independ- ence of Parliament Act ; but after the close of the session of 1884, Sir Charles resigned his seat in the cabinet, and retained the high commissionership. Some say that we have not seen the last of him yet, and that when Sir John pays the tribute of all hu- manity, that Sir Charles will rise up among the Conservative party, and demand the mantle. Probably he will ; and many think that Sir Hector Langevin will say : -"Nay; the mantle has been overlong with English- men-it now belongs to me." McColl, Rev. A., Chatham, Ontario, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1818. His parents were John and Catherine McColl, who emigrated in 1818, and finally, after a short residence in the State of New York, settled in the township of Esquesing, where they lived on a farm, during the re- mainder of their days. Our subject was sent to a school there to learn those sub- jects which were taught in such places in those days. He was set by his teacher to study Latin, of which he then acquired a considerable knowledge, and also, though in a less degree, of Greek. He was employed then for a few years on the farm, but he subsequently attended the Grammar school in Toronto, where the governor's prize was awarded him for his classical attainments. He went then to a similar school at Hamil- ton, which was then, and for sometime after, conducted by Dr. John Rae, well known for his varied attainments, and specially for his knowledge of political economy. His time, while under Dr. Rae's instructions, was de- voted to the classics, to mathematics, and to the French language ; here also, he began to study Hebrew, but without a master. He acted for a short while as assistant to Dr. Rae in his school. He then went to reside at Queenston, in the family of the Hon. John Hamilton, in the capacity of tutor to I.is children. He continued to reside in the family after they removed to Kingston. When Queen's College was opened, he entered as a student, where he enjoyed the lectures of Principal Liddell and Professors Campbell and Williamson. It is unneces- sary to dwell on these men, who were dis- tinguished each in his own way. Our sub- ject has met but once since a man who read Greek with so keen an appreciation and rapturous enjoyment as Professor Campbell. Professor Williamson is the only one that survives, and his students did not know which to admire the more, his knowledge of the subjects which he taught, or his simpli- city of character. When the Presbyterian church was rent in twain, he removed to Toronto, to what has grown up to be Knox College, and where he continued till he had completed his studies. He was subsequently licensed to preach. His first charge wras in Chatham, where he was ordained to the pastorate of a congregation in 1848, and where he has been since that time. He was appointed to the inspectorate of the public schools, Chatham, about twenty-five years ago, and he still discharges its duties. Our subject's religious views have never changed. He was brought up and educated as a Pres- byterian, and his opinions are what is com- monly known as the orthodox faith. He married, in 1849, Alice, the second daughter of John Ross, Toronto. Mr. Ross was born in Canada, and served his country in the year 1812. He has published lectures on Macaulay, Holland House, Montalambert, and other subjects. He has never taken part in public discussions, except when his office requires it. Heggie, David, M.D., Bramp'on, On- tario, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the year 1837. His father, David Heggie, was a native of Collessie, Fifeshire, Scot- land, where he owned considerable property, and was known as the "Laird." His mother, Isabella, is a daughter of Mr. Walker, of the late firm of Walker & Steele, well known building contractors in Edinburgh. The doctor received his education in the Parish school of Collessie, and was for four years a pupil teacher in that school, reducing by one year the usual period of five, obtaining examination by special permission of Her Majesty's committee of council on educa- tion. Successful in obtaining a first class Queen's scholarship, he returned to Edin- burgh, and after a two years' course in the General Assembly's Training College, suc- ceeded in obtaining a superior " C.M." He then attended for a year in Arts at Edin- burgh University, at the end of which time he came to Canada, settling in the neigh- bourhood of Brampton. After teaching for three years he took a medical course in the Toronto School of Medicine and Queen's College, Kingston, graduating from the lat- ter university in 1865. He has been prac- tising in Brampton ever since. Dr. Heggie is surgeon to the County gaol, and is coroner CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 501 for Peel. He is likewise a member of the High School Board, and chairman of the Public School Board. The doctor is a man of considerable commercial enterprise, and among others is a shareholder in the profit- able HaggertBros. manufacturing company. He has not shown much of an inclination for secret societies ; but he allied himself with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He has never aspired to political honours ; though the future may have some such •career in store for him, He was at one time an ardent Reformer, but he has latterly lost his zest for political work. Ten years ago he paid a visit to his native land, and his love for the " old sod " is still undimin- ished. Dr. Heggie has Presbyterian procli- vities, but is so liberal in his religious views that he has attended the Methodist church for years, and is credited with being more fond of biological than theological s'udies. He married in 1865 Mary Carter, grand- daughter of John Elliott, the founder of Brampton. He has a family of four boys and one girl, who are all faithfully kept at school, the doctor being a devoted believer in educational excellence. His eldest son has nearly completed his medical studies. He has a son who took a second class teacher's certificate at the age of fourteen. Bell, Rev, George, B. A., LL.D., Registrar and Librarian Queen's University, Kingston, was born at Perth, Ontario, on September 8th, 1819. His father was Rev. William Bell, M.A., who was born in Air- drie, Scotland, in 1780, and taught a gram- mar school in Rothsay, about 1812-15. He was ordained in Edinburgh in 1817, and came to Canada in the summer of that year, as minister for the Scotch immigrants who had formed the Perth settlement the year before. For many years he did a large amount of home mission work over what is now the County of Lanark, and part of Leeds, &c. Increasing infirmity compelled him to cease his ministrations in the begin- ning of 1857, and he died in August of that year. His wife was Mary Black, a native of Shotts, Scotland, and a lineal descendant of one of the Huguenots who escaped from the massacre of St. Bartholomew in France, in 1572. She died in 1861. Of their sons, those best known were : Andrew, the eldest, minister of the Presbyterian church, and a diligent investigator of the geology of Can- ada, whose son, Robert Bell, M.D., LLD., F.G.S., is at present assistant director of the geological survey of Canada; Robert, for many years in parliament, and afterwards inspector of canal revenue ; and the subject of this sketch, who is the youngest of the family. George Bell was educated at Perth, by private tuition, at the Hamilton Gram- mar school under Dr. Rae, and at Queen's College for two sessions, in arts and theology. Our subject married Mary Whiteford, of Montreal, in November, 1846. She died in 1851. He married again in 1880, Helen Chadwick, of Simcoe, Ontario. The fruits of each marriage are a son and daughter living; the eldest son is a captain in the Royal Engineers serving in India ; and the eldest daughter is the wife of R. S. Dobbs, (who is a son of Major-General Dobbs, of Dublin), conservator of forests for the government of H. H. the Nizam of Hyderabad ; the youngest son is a barrister in Toronto ; and the youngest daughter is the wife of Charles N. Bell, of Winnipeg, a diligent explorer in the archaeology, geo- graphy, &c., of the North-West. The sub- ject of this sketch was the first student whose name was entered on the roll of Queen's College at its opening, March 7th, 1842. He was ordained a minister of the Presbytarian church, in Cumberland, on May 30th, 1844; removed to Simcoe in 1848 ; to Clifton, (Niagara Falls), 1857 ; and to Walkerton, 1874. Owing to his studies in geology, arch- aeology, &c., and particularly in the relations between science and revelation, his alma ma- ter conferred on him the degree of LL.D., in 1872. He was connected with the ad- ministration of the school laws from 1851 to 1881, as local superintendant or inspector. He was for many years a trustee of Queen's University; and he was employed on sev- eral occasions to give courses of lectures on science and theology. In September, 1882, he was appointed registrar and librarian of that university, which position he now fills. He is, of course, a Presbyterian. Sharpe, James William, Manager of the Bank of London, Dresden, Ontario, was born at Burlington, then Wellington Square, Halton county, Ontario, on the 15th of August, 1847. His father was James Sharpe of Scotland, and his mother Eliza Middleton, who was Irish. James William Sharpe received private tuition under the Rev. Dr. Greene, then rector of Wellington Square. He studied law at first with Alexander Shaw, M. P., and afterwards in the office of Galt & Hender- son at Toronto. He was admitted as an attorney at Michaelmas term, 1869, and was called to the bar at Easter term, 1870. Having now obtained his professional entre, Mr. Sharpe settled in Dresden and began to practice law in 1872. He afterwards acted as 502 A CYCLOPEDIA OF managing partner in a private banking com- pany from 1881 till 1885, and is now mana- ger of the Bank of London. He attended the Toronto Military school, and obtained a certificate in November, 1867. He was a member of the Dresden council for the years 1878 and 1879, and mayor for 1884 and 1885. Mr. Sharpe was initiated in Free- masonry at Sydneham lodge, Dresden, in March, 1873 : he became secretary in 1873 ; junior warden in 1874 ; and worthy master in 1875-76, and in 1876-77. He is also a member of MacNab chapter, Royal Arch, being 3rd principal in 1883, and 2nd prin- cipal in 1884 and 1885, and 1st principal in 1886. Our subject has always been an Episcopalian, and served as warden of the church for eight years. He married in April, 1873, Frances Ranaldson, second daughter of Charles R. Dickson, of Toronto. It is generally admitted that Mr. Sharpe is an acute and level-headed man of business, having enough of caution to keep him with- in safe bounds, and enough of enterprise to take him out of the ruts in which some men remain all their lives. Chauveau, Pierre Joseph Olivier, was born at Quebec, on the 30th May, 1820. The father of our subject was Pierre Charles Chauveau, and his mother, Marie Louise Roy. The ancester, who came from France, (diocese of Bordeaux), Pierre Chauveau, set- tled at Charlesbourg. Young Chauveau was educated at the Seminary of Quebec; and he was a schoolmate of Archbishop Tasche- reau, Hon. David A. Ross, and Hon. Letel- lier de Saint Just. He studied law first under his uncles, MM. Hamel and Roy, next under Okill Stuart, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1841. He practised first as junior partner with Mr. Roy-Mr. Hamel had been called to the bench in the mean time-and after Mr. Roy's ap- pointment to the bench, he practised as senior partner with P. B. Casgrain, now member of parliament. He was returned for the County of Quebec in 1844, against the Hon. John Neilson by a very large ma- jority. He sat on the opposition benches under M.M. LaFontaine and Baldwin, and shortly after their coming to power was con- sidered as an independent supporter of their government, voting occasionally with Mr. Papineau, who had then returned from Europe and obtained a seat in parliament. In 1849 he called attention to the emigra- tion of French Canadians to the United States, and obtained the appointment of a committee, the report of which was prepar- ed by him and by Charles Tache, and contained many suggestions which have been since carried out. In 1851 when the Hincks-Morin administration was formed he accepted office as solicitor-general, and in 1853, on the retirement of Mr. Caron, he accepted the situation of provincial secre- tary, which Mr. Morin had resigned to accept another portfolio. The Hincks-Morin gov- ernment having been defeated, Mr. Chau- veau remained for some time in the MacNab- Morin government, but when in January, 1855, Mr. Morin accepted a judgeship, he was left out of the new combination, called theMacNab-Tache government, and declined several offices which were offered to him, until in July of the same year he accept- ed that of superintendent of Public Instruc- tion for Lower Canada, which was vacated by the appointment of Dr. Meilleur to the office of postmaster of the City of Montreal. He framed new educational laws which were carried in parliament by M. Cartier, and established normal schools, founded two journals of education, an English and a French one, contributing largely himself to both of them. At the time of the Trent difficulty, M. Chauveau, then superintend- ent of Public Instruction, formed a company of the Chasseurs Canadiens, of which he was captain, and which was composed chief- ly of the officers of the department of Public Instruction, and of the pupils of the Jacques Cartier Normal school. During the first Fenian invasion three battalions of home guards were formed in Montreal, corres- ponding to the three electoral divisions. Hon. James Ferrier, Hon. Henry Starnes and Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau were appoint- ed lieutenant-colonels of the three battalions. The Normal School Company of the Chas- seurs became the nucleus of the Eastern division battalion. When the Fenian trou- bles were over, the battalions were thanked for their services, and the lieutenant-colonels were allowed to retain their rank in the mili- tia. In November, 1866, M. Chauveau was sent on a mission to visit the educational in- stitutions of Europe. He started with Messrs. Cartier and Macdonald, who were going to London to obtain the passing of the British North America Act. He visited Ireland, Scot- land, England, France, Belgium, Germany and Italy. He returned to Canada in June, 1867, and a few weeks after his return, M. Cauchon, having failed to form the first ad- ministration of the Province of Quebec, M. Chauveau was sent for and succeeded. He was returned by acclamation for his old County of Quebec, both for the Local and f he Federal parliaments. He remained CA NA DI A N BIOGRAPHY. 503 as provincial secretary and as minister of public instruction, at the head of the gov- ernment of the province until January, 1873, when he accepted the office of presi- dent of the Senate, vacated by the resigna- tion of M. Cauchon. He was succeeded by M. Ouimet. In January, 1874, the Mac- kenzie government appointed Mr. Christie president of the Senate, revoking M. Chauveau's commission. M. Chauveau re- signed his seat in the Senate to contest the County of Charlevoix with M. Tremblay, and was defeated. In April, 1876, he was appointed a member of the Quebec harbour commission, and was elected president of the said commission. In September, 1877, he was appointed sheriff of the district of Montreal, the office having been vacated by the death of M. Leblanc. In 1878 the Laval University, having established facul- ties of theology, of law. and of medicine, in Montreal, appointed M. Chauveau professor of Roman law, on which he delivers a lecture every day during the three terms of the year. On the demise of the late M. Cher- rier, M. Chauveau has been elected dean of the faculty. M. Chauveau is a doctor of laws and a doctor of letters of Laval, and doctor of laws of McGill and of Bishops' colleges. He is a member of the Royal Society in the section of French literature. He has been vice-president and subsequent- ly president of the society, and the tran- sactions include several speeches and essays by him. He has been president and honor- ary president of the Quebec Literary and Historical Society, of the Institut Canadien of Quebec ; of the Institut Canadian Fran- cais, of Montreal; of the Societe St. Jean Baptiste, of Quebec ; of the Societe St. Jean Baptiste, of Montreal; of the Societe His- torique, of Montreal; and of the Numismatic Society of Montreal. He is a titular mem- ber of the Academie des Muses Santones, in France ; and a corresponding member of the Louisianais, of New Orleans. He is commander of the Order of Pius the IX; knight of the Order of St. Gregory, and Officier de 1'Instruction Publique of France. He was a contributor to the Canadien, in prose and in verse, at a very early age, and became, in 1840, regular correspondent of the < ourrier des Etats Unis, of New York, and wrote monthly letters to that paper up to 1851. His pieces of poetry which have been more frequently reprinted are " Joies Naives," " Donnaconna," and " Epitre a M. de Puibusque." He contributed articles of review to the Opinion Publique, and to the Revue de Montreal, and wrote a Revue Euro- peenne for each of those publications. His speeches at the laying of the corner stone of the monument of the battle of Ste. Foye, on the inauguration of the monument to M, Garneau, at the translation of the remains of Mgr. de Lava], and other orations, and some of his parliamentary speeches, would form several volumes. He has published the following volumes :-"Charles Guerin, roman de Mceurs Canadiennes, 1852." " L'Instruction Publiqueau Canada, 1876." " Souvenirs et Legendes, 1877," (partly in prose and partly in verse.) "Francois Xavier Garneau, sa vie et ses oeuvres, 1883." " Voyage de S. A. le Prince de Galles en Amerique, 1861." The same in English. M. Chauveau wrote also for the English Journal of Education, a history of the Uni- versities of Laval, Toronto and McGill. He married, on the 22nd Sept., 1840, Marie Louise Flore Masse, daughter of the late Pierre Masse, and of Marie Anne Boucher, who died on the 24th May, 1875. He has had by her eight children, six daughters and two sons. The elder son, Pierre Chau- veau, was for some time an officer of the department of Public Instruction, and assist- ant editor of the Journal de VInstruction, Publique. He has resided sometime at Carleton, Baie des Chaleurs, and is now a resident of Montreal. The younger son, the Hon. Alexandre Chauveau, has been member of parliament for the County of Rimouski, was admitted to the bar in 1869, is a graduate of McGill College, and has held at the same early age as did his father, the positions of solicitor-general and of sec- retary of the Province. He is new judge of the Sessions at Quebec. Of the six girls, one died in infancy ; another, Marie Caro- line Olympe, died of consumption in 1855, at the age of eleven ; another, Henriette, married, in October, 1870, Lieutenant Wm. Scott Glendonwin, of Parton, Scotland, of the 69th Regiment, now major, and left for Bermudas, where she died of typhoid fever on the 17th December, The elder sister, Flore, died on the 14th March following. And on the 30th of December, 1875 a few months after her mother, Eliza, who was a nun of the Congregation of Notre Dame, under the name of Sister Ste. Florine, died at Montreal. The youngest daughter, Hon- orine, is married to Dr. Vallee, of Quebec, a well-known scientist and professor at Laval University. M. Chauveau has caused two monuments to be erected in the chapel of the Ursulines, where his wife and three of his daughters are buried. One by Mar- shall Wood represents the three daughters 504 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF as Faith, Hope and Charity, in alto relievo, and the other opposite, by Van Looper, has a basso relievo of the Mater Dolorosa of Carlo Dolce, with the appropriate inscrip- tion " Quis est homo qui non fleret ?" Our subject is of course a Roman catholic. Glasgow, Major John, Hamilton, whom we have selected as the subject of this sketch, was born at Leitholm, Berwick- shire, Scotland, on Feb. 15th, 1821. He is a son of James Glasgow, a worthy man, who in the old country employed himself as a contractor. The family came to Canada in 1832, the year of the terrible cholera, and settled in Hamilton. It will be interesting to state that the first night the family spent in Canada they were obliged to sleep upon the wharf, so great was the dread "of plague " by the inhabitants. Mr. Glasgow did not take kindly to Hamilton, and in a few months removed to East Flamboro', where he took a bush farm. This farm he worked successfully for many years, and died upon it in 1876, at the age of 98 years and two months. Mrs. Glasgow, our subject's mother, died in the year of the Mackenzie rebellion. John Glasgow was the youngest of the family, and he received a common school education. He remained upon the farm, after leaving school, till 1840, when he repaired to Hamilton. He was always full of the military spirit, and served in the 1st batt, of Incorporated Militia. This re- giment was composed almost entirely of jegulars. Leaving this regiment, he re- turned again to the farm, where he remained till 1876. In that year he removed, once again, to Hamilton, in which city he has since resided. In 1837 he was called out in the militia, and served at Toronto and Navy liland. After leaving Hamilton in 1842 he was appointed lieutenant and adjutant of the East Flamboro' militia. Three years later he was appointed captain, remaining adjutant. In 1865 he went to Toronto and entered the Military School, then under the direction of Captain Carter. He received a diploma, and in 1866, the year of the Fenian raid, organised a company of volunteers in East Flamboro'. This company he had the pleasure of commanding. In the same year he was gazetted, and in 1868 was joined to the present 13th batt, of Hamilton. He likewise assisted in organising the present 77th batt, of Wentworth Volunteers, and has been called the "Father of the Bat- talion." He was at this time promoted to the rank of major and pay-master of the 77th, and remained in the regiment until 1883, when he retired, retaining rank. In 1861 our subject was elected to the township council of East Flamboro', and remained for seven years councilman. In 1879 he was elected aiderman for No. 5 ward, Hamil- ton ; and was chairman of the Board of Works for four years. He is, at time of writ- ing (1885) aiderman of No. 5 ward. Major Glasgow is a Freemason ; he is likewise chairman of the charitable board of the St. Andrew's Benevolent Society. He has trav- elled through the greater portion of the United States, and in 1875 visited England, Ireland and Scotland. After an absence of forty-three years he visited his native vil- lage, and only found four persons there whom he knew at the time of leaving. In 1842 he married Robina Mackenzie, whose father came from Sutherlandshire, Scotland. This worthy sire is a member of the oldest Clan Mackenzie in Scotland. Germane to this it may be mentioned that Mr. Glasgow's ancestors were one of the oldest and most prominent border families in Scotland, trac- ing their deeds back 300 years. The family crest is a crown held in the hand, with the motto Quo fas et gloria-where Honour apd Right. Our worthy Major is somewhat of a poet, as witness this quatrain on his family motto : Quo fas et gloria,-this I boast Of glory where no right is lost. Twin links in one they surely are, When honour bears no scathful scar. And noble manhood points the way, Which leads to Virtue's loyal sway. Major Glasgow is a Conservative, and a Presbyterian. Nicholson, Henry Albert, Mana- ger of the Bank of Commerce, London, Ontario, was born at Galt, in the above province, in January, 1851, being a son of Ralph Charles Nicholson and Elizabeth Roy. Mr. Nicholson was educated for a commercial life at the Galt Collegiate In- stitute, at Upper Canada College, and in England. He entered the Bank of British North America at Toronto in 1868, and served in this institution for five years, at Toronto, Brantford, Halifax, St. John, St. Stephen, New York and Ottawa. He joined the staff of the Canadian Bank of Com- merce at Toronto in 1873 ; in 1874 was ap- pointed chief clerk at their New York agency ; in 1881 took the position of assis- tant inspector ; and in 1884 became mana- ger of the London branch. Mr. Nicholson married on the 16th October, 1879, Eunice C. Troop of Halifax. He is, and always has been, a member of the Church of Eng- land. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 505 Cattanach, Donald, was born at Laggan, Badenoch, Scotland, in 1799, and emigrated to Glengarry, Canada, in 1826. He was educated at the parish school, that good inheritance of education to which the Scottish youth are born, one of the many bequests of Knox to his country. He was educated also on the rugged mountains and heath-clad moors of his native land into bodily strength and physical endurance. He grew up, we are informed by a graphic and admiring writer, handsome and strong, keen of eye, skilful of hand ; he knew well the haunts of the red deer, where the muir fowl and ptarmigan loved to stay, and all the deep secrets of successful angling. In these days, as now, many a Highland lad drifted away from his native hills into the army of fighters, or the ranks of thinkers, to mingle in the stir and struggle of life, to make their mark on every field of manly en- deavour. With the adventurous spirit of the hills, young Donald Cattanach left his na- tive home for honourable employment in England. He was noticeable there as being •essentially a clansman, proud of the High- land hills, and keen to uphold the honour of the tartan. He frequently tried his prowess in the hunting field and on the moors against those famous sportsmen, Osbaldeston and Sir Harry Goodericke, whose names are still household words although two genera- tions have passed since then ; and Sir Harry Goodericke shewed so much appreciation for his sporting qualities that he presented him with a "Joe Manton," which is now a cherished heirloom in the family. Mr. Cattanach brought some sporting dogs with him to this country. Two of these, fox- hounds, were presented by him to the Mont- real Hunt Club, and contributed largely towards a success which it has maintained until the present day. During his residence in England his father's family left Loch Erricht side for Canada and settled in the maple woods of Glengarry. His eldest brother, the late Colonel Cattanach, who was then employed by the government as provincial land surveyor, encouraged him in beginning business as a merchant at Priest's Mills, called afterwards Alexandria. Mr. Cattanach, in common with many others, felt rather hopeless about the condition of the country, which was pretty primitive at that time, and had almost decided to re- turn to England. He soon became acclima- tised, however, and also keenly interested in the progress and improvement of the new country. Its needs were apparent enough. There were long stretches of primeval forest, traversed by deer paths, dotted with lakes, intersected by rivers, waiting to be broken into clearings and developed into farms, and requiring passable roads above all things instead of paths. Rivers required to be spanned by bridges and utilized for saw and grist mills. There is something in the fresh life of a new country so hopeful and progressive, so full of stir and struggle, trial and endeavour, that all new comers are soon drawn into the stream of efforts. It was so with Donald Cattanach : he was not the less Highland and clannish that he became an earnest-hearted, patriotic Canadian, seeking the welfare of the land he lived in and the benefit of the people among whom he dwelt, as well as his own. One of Mr. Cattanach's first efforts for the benefit of the new land was in this matter of roads, and he was appointed a commis- sioner. Some of the young men who earned their first wages at that work under him are now in their old age independently wealthy. In 1830 he was appointed magis- trate. Law and lawyers were delightfully scarce in the newly settled parts of Canada at this time. A Celtic opinion that it was mean to appeal to the law to settle a dispute with a neighbour was very perceptible in Glengarry many years later. Strength of arm had often the advantage of strength of intellect, the knock down argument being counted very convincing. Magisterial duties in these early times were exceeding various. They solemnized matrimony, in consequence of the dearth of ministers ; they settled cases arising out of the bewitchment of cows and of people-the belief in witchcraft emi- grated with the early settlers, and it linger- ed long in some parts,-they had perplex- ing cases to settle arising out of quarrels about line fences, individual rights being pertinaciously defended ; they had various other causes to try arising from original sin or backwoods pugnaciousness, In 1832 he married Catharine McDonell, widow of Mr. Duncan McMillan. In the same year he removed to lands he had purchased in Ken- yon, on the Lochiel border. He called his place Laggan, in loving remembrance of his far-away early home in Inverness-shire. Here he lived his life, a noticeable figure in the history of Glengarry for the next fifty years. At Laggan he followed store- keeping ; he lumbered ; he farmed ; he kept the post office ; he dispensed justice; he encouraged farmers and mechanics to settle around him, giving employment to very many in his various enterprises, and among them many French-Canadian families who 506 A CYCLOPEDIA OF looked up to him as a patriarch. His wife, dying young, left him with two children, Alexander J. Cattanach, now barrister-at- law, of Toronto ; and Catharine, who mar- ried the Rev. Hugh Campbell, of Corn- wall; and a stepson, John Cattanach Mc- Millan, now of Toronto. In 1839 he mar- ried Flora, daughter of John McKenzie, of Kenyon. Our subject took a deep interest in Sabbath-schools, and organized such in several localities. He was a zealous and able advocate of the temperance cause, and by precept and example in that line he was the means of doing much good. He filled the office of elder in the Presbyterian church for a long period of time, and often sat as a commissioner in the highest court of the church. He was for a length of time employed as a lay preacher and catechist, which office he filled with ability and accep- tance. ' His hospitality was unbounded, his house being always open to the wayfaring man and the stranger-to which high and low, rich and poor, often resorted, and were hospitably received and entertained. He was of a kind and genial disposition, a true and faithful friend, and a highly esteemed and devoted Christian. He was also an ardent lover of music, and had few superiors in the rendering of the pibrochs of his na- tive land, which he studied under famous masters. He was a Liberal in politics, and assisted materially in breaking np the family compact in Glengarry, which after that never had a representative from Glengarry. He was an excellent public speaker, and could speak with equal fluency in English and Gaelic, and almost the same facility in French. He died at Winnipeg, on the 29th May, 1883, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. His father lived to the age of ninety-six. Deroche, Hammel Madden, Napa- nee, was born at the village of Newburgh, in the County of Lennox and Addington, in the Province of Ontario, on the 27th of August, 1840. He is the son of Pascal Deroche, a French Canadian, who was born in Lower Canada, but settled at Newburgh, about the year 1835. His mother, Elizabeth Jane Madden, is of Irish extraction, but was descended from a family of United Empire loyalists, who left the United States at the close of the revolution and settled in the township of Ernestown. He was edu- cated at the Newburg Grammar school, and at the arts department of the Toronto Uni- versity, where he graduated with first-class honours in 1868, having also taken the first prize as speaker for that year. Our subject taught as second master in the Newburgh High school for four years, and as head master of the Napanee High school for two years. He began the study of law in the office of D. H. Preston, of Napanee, in 1870,. and afterwards studied in the office of the late James Bethune, Q.C., in Toronto. He was called to the bar at Easter term in 1874, and since then has been in practice in Napanee. He belonged to the Queen's Own Rifles in Toronto during the time he wss a student at University college, Toronto, and took part in the short campaign against the Fenians in 1866, and was present at the battle of Ridgeway, on the 2nd of June of that year. Mr. Deroche was elected to the Legislature of Ontario in 1871 for the riding of Addington, having defeated E. J. Hooper, the sitting member, by a small majority. He moved the reply to the Speech from the Throne in 1871. He was a member at the time of the defeat of the Hon. John Macdonald's administration. He was re-elected in 1875, and again in 1879, but was defeated at the general elec- tion in 1883. Mr. Deroche is a Liberal in politics, and a supporter of Mr. Blake and Mr. Mowat. He was a member of the Council of Public Instruction of Ontario from 1873 until the office was abolished ; was inspector of schools for the town of Napanee from 1870 to 1872, and has been a member of the county board for the examination of teachers from 1871 until the present time. Mr. Deroche is a Freemason, and belongs to the Church of England. His wife was Sarah Ann Christian Pile, a native of the island of Barbadoes, and a daughter of Thomas G. Pile, many years a planter in that island, but now the collector of customs at the village of Deseronto, in the County of Hastings. Mr. Pile's family was one of the oldest in the island of Barbadoes. Mr. Deroche was married on the 5th of Decem- ber, 1872, and has four children. Ferguson, William, Kingston, Sher- iff of Frontenac, Ontario, was born in the City of Armagh, Ireland, 1804. He is a son of James and Jane Ferguson, residents of that city ; and his father was engaged in the iron, timber, and coal trade, and was possessed of strong Protestant proclivities. Our subject was educated at the Grammar school of his native city, and came to Canada with his father in 1826, the family settling in Kingston, where Mr. Ferguson, senior, purchased a farm in the adjoining township of Pitas' urg. William remained upon the farm until his father's death, which occurred in 1832, when he left the homestead and commenced business in CA NA DI A N BIO GRA PH F. 507 Barriefield as a general merchant. In addi- tion to his regular business, he became a contractor under the Imperial government, supplying forage and fuel for the Kingston garrison for some years. He also con- tracted to draw the cut stone required to build Fort Henry in 1834 36. In the year 1846 Mr. Ferguson gave up his store and the work of contracting, on his appointment as county treasurer for the united counties of Frontenac, Lennox, and Addington, he having served previously as district council- lor for the township of Pittsburg, Frontenac county. This position he occupied for twenty-two years, and surrendered it only to accept the office of sheriff in 1867, which position he has filled to the present time. Sheriff Ferguson is a fine specimen of an old Canadian gentleman. He is in vigorous health, and performs his duties with all his mental and physical faculties unimpaired, and bids fair to do so for many years to come. At the time of the rebellion of 1837-8 Mr. Ferguson was lieutenant of the 3rd infantry corps of Frontenac, which saw active service - our subject being assigned the duty of guarding the resi- dence of the president of the court martial which tried the rebels taken at the Wind- mill. He has continued a member of that corps to this date, now occupying the position of lieutenant-colonel, and having been promoted step by step to that rank. He was returned to the legislature of the Province of Canada in 1863, and repre- sented the County of Frontenac during one parliament. He was a staunch sup- porter of Sir John A. Macdonald, and still retains his former political proclivities. He is a member of St. John's lodge, A.F. & A.M., and Cataraqui chapter of Kingston, of which he is one of the oldest members. He is likewise a member of the Church of England, with low church proclivities. Sher- iff Ferguson, we may say, was the first per- son in the County of Frontenac who intro- duced thorough-bred Durhams ; and the first person in the Dominion to cause to be erected permanent structures for the use of the Provincial Agricultural Exhibition, being a member of the Agricultural Asso- ciation for many years, and twice president; and had the honour to act as such in open- ing the first Provincial Agricultural show at the new buildings erected in Toronto for that purpose. Mr. Ferguson, in 1833, mar- ried Mary Jane, a daughter of William Walker, of the township of Storrington, a farmer of that locality, deceased. By this union he has had twelve children, of whom ten are living-seven boys and three girls, James Ferguson, the eldest son, has been mail officer on the Allan steamship line, in the employment of the Canadian govern- ment, for the past twenty-five years. Ed- ward G. Ferguson, M. D., the third son, is president of the Medical council of Georgia, U.S., and has been re-elected to fill this p- - sition for three successive years. When the call for doctors to check the progress of the yellow fever came, he was the first to re- spond, and after three months of unweary- ing labour, had the satisfaction of seeing its deadly footsteps arrested. He is a graduate of Queen's University. T. Brooks Ferguson, B. A., fourth son, also a graduate of Queen's University, is Dominion Lands agent ai Qu'Appelle, North-West territory. C. Marks Ferguson, fifth son, is agent of the St. Paul and Milwaukee Railroad at Windsor, On- tario. Horace A. Ferguson spent the earlier portion of his life in the Post Office depart- ment, Ottawa, and is now in Los Angeles, California, U.S., for the benefit of his health. Fred. W. Ferguson is in the employment of the Merchants Bank of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, and has done great and impor- tant service for many years in settling up the outside affairs of the bank. A. J. Ferguson, the youngest son, is assistant manager of the Merchants Bank in London. Courtney, John Mortimer, Ottawa, was born at Penzance, Cornwall, England, on the 22nd July, 1838, and received his education by private tuition. He was for- some years in India and Australia, where he was in the service of the Agra Bank and entered the public service of Canada as chief clerk on the 2nd of June, 1869. He was appointed deputy-minister of Fi- nance on the 1st of August, 1878, and is- also deputy-Receiver-General and secretary of the Treasury Board. Mr. Courtney married on the 5th of October, 1870, Mary Elizabeth Sophia, second daughter of the lateFennings Taylor, clerk assistant of the Senate of Canada. Our subject is a younger brother of Leonard Courtney, M. P. for the Bodmin-Liskeard division, County of Cornwall, England, who during the Glad- stone administration held the offices of under-secretary of state of the home de- partment, under-secretary of state for the colonies, and financial secretary to the treasury. He is likewise a director of the Civil Service Building and Savings Society. He has the widely-established repute of being a very capable deputy-minister, and he enjoys a large share of popularity outside- of, and within, the service. 508 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Fennell John, Berlin, Ontario, was born at Cobourg, Northumberland county, Ontario, on the 8th of August, 1837. He is a son of Simon and Martha, the maiden name of his mother being McCamus. Simon Fennell was born in the County of Kildare, Ireland, in 1798, and came to America when he was twenty-one years old. He travelled through the United States and the Maritime provinces, and afterwards, turning his steps westward, settled at the lugubriously named place, Hardscrabble, now Cobourg, in 1821, and the house that he erected was among the first built in that village. He married in 1824, his wife's parents having, with a large family, arrived some time before from County Cavan, Ireland. Port Hope at this period was known by the somewhat vague and general title of Smith's Creek. After some years residence in Cobourg, he settled on a farm situate on the front road be- tween Cobourg and Port Hope. Our sub- ject was born in that stormy year that saw William Lyon Mackenzie unfold his banner of rebellion ; and Mr. Fennell, who was a devoted adherent of the authority of the Crown, was found active in the cavalry forces in stamping out the insurrection. The family consisted of three boys and three girls. When young John had completed his primary studies at the public schools, he was sent, as his brother, the Rev. Joseph Fennell, an Episcopal clergyman now at St. Catharines, also was, to Victoria College, Cobourg. In 1863 our subject, who had be- come thoroughly conversant with the hard- ware business, established himself in that enterprise at Berlin. Before he launch- ed into the undertaking he had made up his mind that success in business is only achieved by pursuing sound business princi- ples, by industry and by unvarying atten- tion. These resolutions Mr. Fennell carried out fully, and the fruit now is an important, reputable, ard profitable business. He was a member of the town council and a sturdy advocate of municipal improvement; and for the last sixteen years he has been con- nected with the school board as member and as chairman. Since 1878 he has at inter- vals been very active in the political sphere, exerting himself in favour of the cause of Liberal-Conservatism. He has been presi- dent of the Liberal-Conservative Associa- tion of the North Riding of Waterloo for a number of years. As we have said, he has always taken an active interest in the wel- fare of the town, and has done a great deal in promoting its material interests. He is a prominent member of St. John's (Episco- pal) Church, and has been for a number of years churchwarden and lay delegate to the Synod of Huron diocese ; and it may be stated that Mr. Fennell staunchly holds the views of the Evangelical party of the Church of England. He married in 1864, Alicia Jackson, of Stratford, Ont., whose family were amongst the earliest and most respect- ed settlers in that now young city, and there is a family of four girls and one boy. The latter is attending University College, To- onto. In the summer of 1880 Mr. Fennell and his wife travelled through Great Bri- tain, Ireland, Germany, and France, visit- ing the principal places of interest in these countries. He has been a Freemason since 1863 His mother still lives, and resides with her daughter, Mrs. George O. Stanton, of Montreal. She is in her eighty-first year. Dawson, S. J., M.P. for Algoma, On- tario, was born in Scotland, and came to Canada when a boy. He is connected on both his father's and mother's sides with old historic families, his maternal grandfather having been for a long period heir presump- tive 11 the estates and honours of the an- cient house of Glengarry. He is unmarried, and by profession a civil engineer. He was appointed by the government, in 1851, to plan and superintend the construction of extensive works then contemplated on the St. Maurice, to open up the vast pine regions of that river and its tributaries to commercial enterprise, which works he car- ried out successfully. In 1857 he was ap- pointed to explore the country from Lake Superior westward to the Saskatchewan, and report upon its adaptability for settle- ment and the practicability of opening up communication therewith. The reports of his explorations while on this service drew general attention to the North-West terri- tories, at that time but little known, and did much to dispel the then prevalent idea that they were in great part sterile, and to a large extent within the regions of perpetual frost, as had been asserted by different writ- ers who, in the interests of the fur traders, wished to exclude settlement. He resigned this office after completing his reports, and returned to Three Rivers, the people of that city having in the meantime shown their appreciation of his former services in open- ing up their great river, by sending his bro- ther, who was until then personally un- known to them, to represent them in par- liament. In 1867, he again visited Lake Superior, at the request of the government, to indicate the proper starting place of a then contemplated road to the interior, and CANADIAN BIO GRAPH Y. 509 pitched his tent at a point then covered with forest and without any inhabitants, but at the present time well known as Port Arthur. In 1868 he was directed by the government to commence the opening of the route to Red River, now called the " Dawson route." The summer of that year was chiefly occu- pied with explorations and surveys, but in 1869 the work was vigorously prosecuted. In the fall of the year last mentioned (1869), intelligence was received of an outbreak among the half-Indian population of the Red River settlement, and Mr. Dawson was at once sent for by the government and asked to furnish information, both as to the best way of dealing with such of the people as had taken up arms, and reaching the ter- ritory with an armed force. At his sugges- tion, Lieutant-Colonel de Salaberry, a son of the hero of Chateauguay, and Judge Johnson, of the Superior Court of Quebec, were sent out. The former was on his (Mr. Dawson's) staff when he first explored the North-West territories ; and Judge Johnson had been, at the same time, governor of As- siniboia. Both were very popular with the half-breeds, and their success in conciliating the malcontents showed the wisdom of the selection. At the same time, Mr. Dawson, under instructions from the government, sent trusty agents among the powerful bands of Indians on the line of route, in order to frustrate any attempts that might be made on the part of the insurgents, to tamper with them or shake their loyalty. He was direct- ed, also, to provide the means of transporta- tion for a military force, intended to be sent forward on the opening of navigation. The country to be passed through, between Lake Superior and Fort Frances, had never before been traversed with vessels larger or strong- er than the birchen canoes of the Indians and fur traders, and the class of boats to be used was a matter requiring consideration, as they had to be built of sufficient capacity and strength to carry twelve men each, with military equipment and stores, and at the same time made so light as to be easily taken over a carrying place. Mr. Dawson at once called into requisition the services of the boat-builders from the island of Or- leans, near Quebec, to Sarnia, on Lake Hu- ron, and by the opening of navigation, (spring of 1870) had one hundred and fifty boats of a superior class, together with a number of flat scows for carrying stores in certain shallow places, in readiness to be sent forward ; and these, together with eight hundred skilled voyageurs to man them, were soon transported to Lake Supe- rior. Some delay was experienced in get- ting over the road leading from Thunder Bay to Shebandowan, the first of the inland lakes, but the work remaining to be done on that section was so vigorously pushed for- ward by the vcyageurs and soldiers that, by the end of June, Lieutenant-General Sir James Lindsay, then commander-in-chief of the forces in Canada, after personally inves- tigating the arrangements and inspecting the work, gave the orders to march, and the Imperial troops and Canadian volunteers, under Colonel (now Lord) Wolseley, the commandant of the field force, were carried through, without so much as a single acci- dent occurring. On this expedition, Mr. Dawson, in a civilian capacity, represented the different departments of the government having to deal with the service, and so well had every precaution been taken, and so ef- ficiently had he been aided by his staff, among whom the late Hon. James McKay, of Manitoba, deserves particular mention, that on reaching Fort Garry, (now Winni- peg) there was not a single foe to encounter. The insurgents had returned to their alle- giance, and Riel's disbanded soldiers, in- stead of showing fight, were at work by- hundreds on the Lake of the Woods section of the Dawson route. The march through, or rather voyage of, the military force, after Shebandowan lake had been reached, was like a summer picnic on an extensive scale. The boats, being well manned, were easily taken over the portages, and the skill of the voyageurs had proved equal to the whirl- pools of the Winnipeg. The success of this memorable boat voyage, through 500 miles of wilderness, led Lord Wolseley, in after years, to try the same system of trans- portation on the Nile, and it is pleasing to know that Canadian 'voyageurs, many of them trained on the Dawson route, did no discredit to their country in the old land of the pyramids. On returning to Ottawa at the close of the season, Mr. Dawson was the recipient of warm acknowledgments, both from the Imperial and Dominion authori- ties, and of something substantial besides. For some years afterwards, Mr. Dawson continued in charge of the route, improving it greatly, and using the boats of the mili- tary expedition for sending through emi- grants from the older sections of the coun- try, many of whom are now among the lead- ing people of Manitoba and the North-West territories. In this service he employed many of the native Indians and half-breeds, more especially as voyageurs, and was very popular with them. In 1871-2, he acted as 510 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF honorary Indian commissioner with Mr. Weymiss W. Simpson, chief Indian commis- sioner, in his negotiations with the different bands of Indians at Rainy River and the Lake of the Woods ; and in 1873 was ap- pointed joint commissioner with the Lieu- tenant-Governor of Manitoba and the In- dian commissioner of the North-West, in concluding a treaty with the Sanlteux tribe of the Ojibbeway Indians. In 1874,he was solicited by s_>me of the leading people of Algoma to become a candidate for the rep- resentation of that district in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and was elected the following summer, having first resigned the charge of the Dawson route. In 1878, he resigned his seat in the Legislative Assem- bly, and was elected for the Commons, de- feating his very popular opponent, Colonel Arthur Rankin, by a majority of over four hundred. At the general election of 1882, he was re-elected by a largely increased major- ity over the Hon. William McDougall, C.B., who on that occasion took the field against him. Mr. Dawson, ever since he entered parliament, has been the active promoter or supporter of every measure in any way con- nected with the development of his exten- sive district ; and when in the Assembly of Ontario was mainly instrumental in in- augurating a system of colonization roads, which has since been followed up with the most satisfactory results in drawing in pop- ulation, and developing the agricultural, mineral, and other resources of Algoma. Since he entered the Commons, new light- houses, improved harbours, increased pos- tal facilities, railway and telegraph lines, constructed or projected, substantial encour- agement to lines of steamers, and, though last, not least, the hydrographic survey of the great lakes, now going on from year to year, bear evidence to the care with which the interests of the vast territory he repre- sents have been watched over. But, while attending to the interests of his own dis- trict, Mr. Dawson has been far from ne- glecting the general legislation of the coun- try. In parliament he is constantly at his post, whether in the committee rooms or in the chamber of the Commons. He was chairman of the select committee appointed in the session of 1880, to inquire into all matters connected with the disputed terri- tory, and the report of that committee, with its appendices, will be found to contain a vast amount of information, which will al- ways be of interest to the student of the early history of the country. The project of a transcontinental railway in British ter- ritory has had from the first his warmest support, and he has now the satisfaction of seeing the Canadian Pacific in operation from one end to the other of the district he represents-from Sudbury J unction on the east, to the Lake of the Woods on the west -a distance but little short of nine hundred miles. Algoma is now thrown open by this great work, and the development of the cop- per and iron mines of Lake Huron, the sil- ver bearing mountains of Thunder Bay, and the gold producing region of the Lake of the Woods, is but a question of time. The Algoma branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway is entirely within the District of Algoma, and when carried to Sault St. Marie, as it eventually must, will be the means of developing and settling a very im- portant section of the country. The Indian population of Algoma is considerable, and much of Mr. Dawson's time has been de- voted to the amelioration of the condition of these people, more especially in the mat- ters of education and bringing about such measures as have had the effect of excluding intoxicants, to a large extent, from among them. Through his exertions, in conjunc- tion with those of the zealous missionaries of the various denominations, many new In- dian schools have been established, and he has urged that the large amount due the In- dians of Algoma for arrears under the Rob- inson treaty, (over $300,000) should, when adjusted, be applied, at least in part, to the maintenance of Indian industrial schools throughout the district. Mr. Dawson has seen his district, which contained only some eight or ten thousand inhabitants when he first entered parliament, grow to a popula- tion estimated at not less than fifty thou- sand at the present time. Port Arthur, which we have referred to as a locality cov- ered with forest when he pitched his tent there in 1867, has now a population, ac- cording to the last municipal census, of about six thousand, and so on with other parts of Algoma. Corbett, Patrick.-The following is taken from the columns of the Kingston Chronicle newspaper, of the 28th of January, 1832, the notice bearing the heading "The late Town Major, Patrick Corbett": "Our obituary of this day records the sudden and unexpected demise, on Tuesday last, of the above named gentleman, after an almost uninterrupted residence in this town of about twenty-three years, and in the sixty- second year of his age. An Irishman by birth, the only son of Patrick Corbett, Es- quire of Limerick Castle, in the County of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 511 Xiimerick, and full of the national ambition of his countrymen for a military life, he entered the service in the twentieth year of his age, and served successively in the 20th, 25th, 42nd and 91st regiments of the line. The first action of which we possess any record of his being engaged in, was the taking of Minorca, in the year 1796, when he was dis- tinguished by hoisting the British colors upon the citadel, having wrapped them around his body to accomplish his gallant purpose. His conduct upon this and sub- sequent events attracted the notice of the several commanders, who appreciated his services by the rewards, first of the quarter- mastership of the 91st regiment, in 1804, from which he was promoted to a lieuten- ancy in the 25th regiment, in 1807, and ob- tained an exchange to the 10th Royal vet- eran battalion, in 1809 ; he also served in the 4th and 5 th garrison battalion, previous to his joining the 15th veterans, which he did in this country, in August, 1809. On the opening of the war in 1812, he was selected to fill the situation of assistant ad- jutant-general of the militia, and he drilled and organized the militia of the country to the entire satisfaction of the government. In 1814 his services were rewarded by the appointment of town major of Kingston, and assistant adjutant-general. The latter situation being dispensed with, he retained the former, with the add.tion of superin- tendant of the quartermaster general's de- partment, in 1829, both of which he retain- ed until his demise, meriting the approba- tion of every successive commanding officer in the garrison. To the last moment of his life he received from Sir H. Vivian, Sir James Kempt, and other distinguished gen- eral officers the strongest testimonials of their continued interest in his prosperity. As a soldier, husband, father, friend and Mason, he was equally fortunate in securing the esteem and affection of all after forty- two years of active military service. He was a member of the Church of England." Corbett, George Frederick, the eldest son of Major Patrick Corbett, was a prominent merchant in Kingston. He was born in Limerick Castle, Ireland, in 1799, and died in Kingston about 1840. He married a daughter of Lieut.-Gen. Glasgow, R. A., at one time acting lieut.-governor at Quebec. By this lady he had three daugh- ters and two sons, Frederick and George H. The former resides in Australia, and the latter is a leading physician in Orillia, Ontario. He is a graduate of Queen's Col- lege, Kingston, a Freemason, and a member of the Church of England. He has been twice married. His first wife was a Miss Sinclair, of Kingston, by whom he had four daughters. His second wife is a daughter of the Rev. John Dawson, of North Wales. By this wife he has three daughters. Of his daughters one is widow of the late D'Arcy Boulton, barrister, of Toronto. Thomas A., the second son, was high sheriff of the unit- ed counties of Frontenac, Lennox and Ad- dington, before the division of the counties, and afterwards of Frontenac. He held the office for twenty-five years, resigning in 1867, to accept the position of military store-keep- er at Kingston. He was lieutenant-colonel of the first Frontenac regiment, (the Bloody First.) He was a Freemason, and died in 1878, being buried with military honours. He left four sons and one daughter. Of his sons, the two eldest, Augustus and William, entered the British army as surgeons, at the breaking out of the Crimean war, in 1851. After the close of the war they both went with their regiments to India, and served through the mutiny. The eldest died in England in 1882, after a service of thirty years ; William is still in India as a chief of medical staff. The third son, Henry, was also a doctor, and practised for many years in Ottawa. On the breaking out of the late Canadian rebellion, of 1885, he volunteered his services to the government, and was sent to the North-West, but was taken ill at Qu'Appelle, and was re- moved to Winnipeg, where he died on the 1st of July, 1885. The youngest son, Thomas A., was a civil service and died in 1880. Corbett, Richard, born in Dublin, 1808, was the third son of Town Major Patrick Corbett, who came to Kingston when our subject was only two years old. The lad was educated at the Royal Grammar school, under George Baxter. In his youth he visited his twin brother, William H., who was a planter in Demarara, West In- dies, and remained there for a number of years. He returned to Canada in 1834, and was appointed head master of the Grammar school, Napanee. He filled this position for some years. In May, 1852, he received the appointment of governor of the gaol at Kingston, which office he filled until his death, which occurred 20th December, 1865. He married in June, 1844, Harriet, youngest daughter of Benjamin Lake, a wealthy far- mer of the township of Portland, and by this lady had one son and three daughters-the former succeeding to his father's position. The eldest daughter died in infancy, and 512 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the second married H. E. Marshall, of Balt- imore, and the youngest Professor Graves, of Evanston, Illinois. He was a member of the Church of England, and belonged to the Masonic craft, being initiated into its mys- teries while residing in the West Indies. Mr. Corbett was lieutenant of the 1st Fron- tenac regiment, his commission dating 1836, and took an active interest in military matters. He was a large spirited gentle- man, courteous, kindly and honourable in all his dealings, and left no feeling but one of universal regret when he passed away. William Henry Corbett, twin bro- ther of Richard, went to the West Indies in his youth, became a prominent planter and merchant, and died in Georgetown, Dema- rara, on the 1st March, 1866. Ellen Isa- bella, only daughter of Patrick Corbett, married Lieut. Buchon, Royal navy. She died in Isle of White, England, in March, 1853. Corbett, Charles Henry, the only son of Richard Corbett, was born in Napanee, Ontario, on the 11th of Sep- tember, 1846. He was educated at the Grammar school, Kingston, and attended the Medical College at Kingston for three years, but was unable to finish his course owing to his father's death. He graduated from the Military school in the same city, in 1865. At the age of nineteen he succeeded his father as governor of the gaol, and has conducted the institution un- der his charge with marked ability. He takes great interest in temperance work, succeed- ing the late Rev. F. W. Kirkpatrick as pres- ident of the Church of England Temperance Society. He is a member of the Church of England. Is a past master of Ancient St. John's Masonic lodge, No. 3, and a past offi- cer of the Grand lodge of Canada. He has been president of the Kingston Cricket Club, and of the Curling Club, and has always been a patron of manly sports. In January, 1866, he married Hannah Mary, second daughter of the late F. W. Smith, collector of Customs at Napanee, and brother of the late Sir Henry Smith; and has by this marriage ten children, six sons and four daughters. Two of the sons died in in- fancy. Mr. Corbett, we may add, is also a contributor to various publications of the day, and possesses literary attainments far higher than those of the common order. His eldest son, C. Fred. Corbett, served as a private in the Winnipeg Field Battery dur- ing the late rebellion in the North-West, and was in the engagements at Fish Creek, Batoche, etc. McKeougli, William, Chatham, Ontario, born on the 1st May, 1824, at Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland, is a descendant of the Macindrossers, or Mac- keoghs, who were clansmen of Macdougals of Lome, and assisted the latter in their wars against the Bruces-three of whom, in their attempt to slay King Robert Bruce, succeeded in securing the famous brooch of Lome, which was a personal ornament of Bruce, and which Sir Walter Scott, in his " Lord of the Isles," describes. But they lost their lives for their audacity. His grandfather, James McKeogh, of Rahealty, County of Tipperary, was an uncle of the late Hon. Mr. J ustice Keogh, and his grand- mother was a sister of the Rev. Francis Ma- hony, the celebrated " Father Prout," author of the "Bells of Shar.don," etc. His father, Thomas McKeogh, came to this country while William was a child and settled in Paris, Ontario. Some few years afterwards, losing his entire fortune, William was obliged to leave home at an early age. He became apprenticed to Edward Jackson of Hamilton, where he learned his trade, and with whom he remained until he attained his majority. He settled in Chatham in 1847, and, in company with his brother, John McKeough, carried on a large and ex- tensive business. He was mayor of the town in 1870 ; was one of the chief pro- moters and first president of the Erie and Huron Railroad ; has been a member of the school board for the past twenty-five years, and chairman thereof for the past eight years ; and to his zeal and energy in school matters are due to a great extent the pre- sent very efficient condition of the common schools of Chatham. Mr. McKeough is a Reformer in politics, and was the unanimous- nominee of the Reform party in Kent to represent them in the Federal parliament on several occasions, but declined the honour. He is a member and a trustee of the Metho- dist church. Our subject has always taken an active interest in all matters for the pro- motion of the welfare of the town and county. In 1854 he married Elizabeth, second daughter of the late John Stone, of Oxford, by which union there are three sons and one daughter. The sons are George T. McKeough, M.D., M.R.C.S.r Eng., who was gold medalist at Trinity Medical School in 1877, and for some time resident physician to the Royal Free Hos- pital, London, England ; J. Frank Mc- Keough, proprietor of the Chatham Iron Works ; and W. E. McKeough, barrister-at- law of Osgoode Hall, Toronto. They have CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 513 all settled in Chatham, the town in which they were born. Ruttan, Allen, M.D., Napanee, On- tario, was born on the 26th January, 1826, at Adolphustown, County of Lennox, On- tario. He is a son of Peter William Ruttan and Fanny Roblin. His father carried on extensive farming operations at Sophias- burg, County of Prince Edward; was a justice of the peace; and for many years before his decease a lieutenant-colonel of militia in that county. He was the eldest brother of the late Sheriff Ruttan, of Co- bourg. He had but one sister, Elizabeth, wife of the Rev. Dr. Townley, of Paris, Ontario. Allen Ruttan was educated at the Picton Grammar school, in the County of Prince Edward, Mr. Cockrell, an Eton man, and a retired officer in the English army, being head master of the school. Af- ter matriculating at McGill College, Mont- real, our subject entered upon the study of medicine at that institution, and obtained the degree of doctor of medicine and sur- gery in 1852. He began practice in New- burgh, a village in Addington county, situ- ated on the Napanee river, and about six miles from Napanee. Newburgh at that time was considered a more promising vil- lage than Napanee ; but at the separation of Lennox and Addington from the County of Frontenac, Napanee was made the county town of the new county. He then removed to the premises which he now occupies on John street. During the past thirty-three years Dr. Ruttan has had an extensive and lucrative practice over a district thirty or forty miles square. Thirty years ago the roads in this country were in a horribly wretched condition, and the people, especial- ly those of the back townships, were less prosperous than they are at present. Very frequently he found it necessary to ride all night, placing a saddle in the gig, and after travelling as far as he could go on wheels, would take to horseback, and when the horse could no longer find a road, he would travel on foot, following a trail through the wilderness with a birch-bark torchlight, in order to relieve from suffering the wife of some lonely settler, or to amputate a limb for some woodman, with no other assistance than the hand of some kindly neighbour. There was no Grand Trunk then, and no Napanee and Quebec Railway, as now. The forest has disappeared, and flourishing farms and farm houses are to be seen every- where, while the roads are better in these back townships than they are at the front. Dr. Ruttan has always been passionately fond of his profession, and took great de- light in the study of anatomy, physiology, surgery and chemistry. Indeed, he has re- gretted all his life that he did not remain in Montreal, as it would have afforded him a better opportunity for the prosecution of these studies and the practice of surgery, which he has almost made a specialty. He was appointed examiner in anatomy and surgery at the University of Toronto in I860 ; and was elected unanimously by the medical practitioners in the Newcastle and Trent electoral division to the council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Onta- rio, 1885. He has always taken an active part in municipal matters, school boards, and boards of health ; is medical health offi- cer at Napanee, and held the appointment of gaol surgeon since 1876. Himself, his wife and family are regular communicants of the Church of England, and Liberal-Con- servative in politics. Dr. Ruttan was mar- ried, at St. George's church, Montreal, in 1854, by the Rev. Dr. Bethune, brother of the late bishop, the register being the cathedral register where Dr. Bethune offici- ated. His wife is Caroline, daughter of the late William Smith. Montreal, whose father and grandfather were interested in, or in some way connected with, the Hudson Bay Company. There are three sons and two daughters by the marriage. The eldest, Robert Fulford, was educated at University College, and graduated in arts at the Uni- versity of Toronto in 1881, and obtained the gold medal in natural sciences at his final examination. He entered upon the study of medicine at McGill College the same year, obtained the Sutherland gold medal and the Morrice scholarship in 1883, and his degree of M. D. & C. in 1884. He was appointed assistant lecturer upon prin- ciple and practical chemistry in that college in 1885. During the past interim be has been engaged in original work in Professor Hofmann's laboratory, Berlin, Germany. The second son, Allen Montgomery, was educated at the Napanee High school, and entered upon the study of medicine at Mc- Gill College in 1876, where he obtained his degree of M.D. & C., 1880. He is practis- ing his profession in New York city. The third son was also educated at Napanee High school ; entered upon the study of law with Reeve & Morden, Napanee, and McCarthy & Co., Toronto ; and passed his examination at Osgoode Hall for attorney and barrister in 1883. He is now practising his profession with John Leys, barrister, Toronto. A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 514 jSreck, Ira Allen, Kingston, Ontario, was born in Burlington, Vermont, U. S., on the 1st September, 1825. His father, Henry Breck, was born at Boston, Mass., U. S., and his ancestors were of the old Welsh family Breck. Henry Breck served in the United States army under General Harrison, at the battle of Tippecanoe when the U. S. forces defeated the celebrated Tecumseh army of Indians, in 1811, and was afterwards with General Hull when the American army under that general was captured by the British forces at Detroit. Mr. Breck with a comrade escaped, and made his way afoot through the wilderness from Windsor, Ca- nada, to Burlington, Vermont, which finish- ed his career as a soldier. He removed then to Jefferson county, N. Y., and finally set- tled at Cape Vincent, where he commenced business as grocer, and continued in the same until his death in 1837. Our subject's mother, Miranda, was a sister of the Hon. Jacob Collamer, chief justice of Vermont, and afterwards member of the United States Congress, and then senator from Vermont, representing that State in the United States Senate until his death some ten years ago. He was at one time postmaster-general of the United States, while General Taylor was president. Ira Allen Breck received only such education as the common and select schools of the village could afford ; but re- ceived a good commercial education, first with his father, and afterwards with O. P. Starky, a prominent merchant at Cape V in- cent. Upon the marriage of his sister Marion, to D. D. Calvin, Mr. Breck came to Canada in 1845, as clerk in the office of Calvin & Cook, doing business at Garden Island, Canada, as lumbermen, ship-build- ers and forwarders. After serving about six years as book-keeper in the office, and upon Mr. Cook retiring from the Kingston business, Mr. Breck became partner with Mr. Calvin, the firm's name being then Cal- vin & Breck, and so continuing until 1880, when Mr. Breck retired. Mr. Calvin's son, Hiram, in the meantime having attained mature business capacity, took the place in the firm previously occupied by Mr. Breck. Mr. Breck never took any leading part in politics, but has always been active in the interest of the Conservative party, his atten- tion being given almost wholly to the busi- ness of the firm, which from comparatively small beginnings, increased to a large extent, and became widely known as producers of timber and staves, and also as forwarders of the same goods for other producers from lakes Superior, Huron, Erie and Ontario to Garden Island per vessels, thence to Quebec per raft. Calvin & Breck were proprietors of the Government tug line from its com- mencement in about 1849 until its close in 1876, with the exception of the years 1853 and 1854, furnishing steamers for towage of barges and schooners on a government tariff between Kingston and Montreal. Calvin & Breck were also extensively engaged, during the existence of the firm, in the building of lake vessels, steamers and barges. The head of the business being at Garden Island, an incorporated village owned by the firm and inhabited by their employees, no place for the selling of intoxicating liquor was ever allowed in the village ; in fact it always was, and is yet, a strictly temperance village with no licenses and no drinking shops. If their employees ever get any intoxicating drink, they were under the necessity of going away from their village to purchase it, and of bringing it in without the knowledge of the firm. Mr. Breck is a member of the Con- gregational church, which he joined twenty- five years ago. His first wife was Edna C. Potter, a niece of D. D. Calvin ; she died young, after giving birth to two children. The daughter is now the wife of William Lesslie, manager of Collins Bay Rafting and Forwarding Company. The son, L. W. Breck, is in business at Kingston. Our subject's second wife was Jessie, sister of the Rev. K. M. Fenwick. By this lady he has one son, born on the 2nd September, 1872. Millar, Alexander, Barrister-at-law, Berlin, Ontario, was born at Berlin, County of Waterloo, on the 4th of November, 1835. He is a son of Frederick Gourlay Millar, and Isabella Henderson, his wife, the former having been born in New York state, of Scottish parents and the latter in Scotland. Alexander Millar was educated at the Ber- lin and Galt Grammar schools. He was ad- mitted to the Law Society in 1856 ; became an attorney and solicitor in 1861, and was called to the bar in 1863. He has been in the practice of the law at Berlin continu- ously ever since 1861. He was appointed ensign in the Berlin company of volunteer infantry on its formation in 1865, and after- wards was in command of that company. In municipal politics he has taken much inter- est and was elected mayor of Berlin in 1884 and 1885, by acclamation in both cases. He became a member of Grand River lodge, No. 151, A. F. & A. M., 1880, and a mem- ber of Grand River chapter, No. 70, in 1883. He was senior warden of the G. R. lodge in 1884. Mr. Millar was a candidate for the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 515 local legislature in 1875, for North Water- loo, in the Conservative interest, but was defeated by Moses Springer, late M.P.P., now sheriff of the County of Waterloo. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. He married, in 1865, Margaret Eliza, daughter of the late H. N. Warren, of Chippawa, by whom he has two sons and a daughter. Mr. Millar enjoys a wide share of popularity, and it is not going too far to predict that we shall some day find him doing credit to his talents in one of our houses of parliament. Harvey, Arthur, Toronto, was born in the town of Halesworth, Suffolk, Eng- land, in the year 1834, one of a family of twelve. His father's family came from the parish of Melton and Hoo, in the same county. His mother was Harriet Rogers, and her family are from the neighbourhood of Portsmouth, Hampshire, to which they had originally moved from the New Forest, Lymington way. Our subject's father was very muscular • he could bend a horse shoe double in his grip, but none of his children have any noticeable strength save one, who is the strongest man in South Australia. The family came of good old English yeo- men, the men who are able to carve their own fortunes in the world. Our subject was sent for two years to London to learn gram- mar and music ; afterwards to France, where he lived with a Roman Catholic priest, who taught him Latin. It was the belief of his father that no education was complete un- less finished abroad at foreign institutions. The subject of this sketch was sent to Hol- land, where he remained for three years, returning across the North Sea, and enter- ing Trinity College, Dublin. In 1856 Mr. Harvey emigrated to America, crossed over into Canadian territory by the Niag- ara bridge, and halted at the City of Hamilton. He expected to see wigwams, but lo ! there were commodious houses ! Some time afterwards he went to Brantford, where he was local editor of a newspaper ; but he did not care for this position and moved to Hamilton, where he became connected with the Spectator. Shortly af- terwards he. married Jane, daughter of John Grist, clerk of works to the Imperial ordnance authorities, then stationed at Que- bec. His wife was born at St. John's, New- foundland, in the officer's quarters at Signal Hill. In the days of Mr. Harvey's connec- tion with the press, he was an active and ardent politician. He had been an admirer of D'lsraeli's politics in his boyhood, and naturally fell into the Liberal-Conservative groove here. His pen and his reporter's pencil were always at the service of the pub- lic men of the party, and in no mercenary spirit either. He loved the excitement, and the sense of influence ; and he became the trusted confidant of many statesmen on the Conservative side. Those were anxious days in political circles. One might almost de- spair of seeing this a united and peacefu country. We had Upper and Lower Can- ada at dagger's point ; we were shut off from the sea for many months each year ; we had only j ust emerged from a state in which many of our people were looking to Washington, and when Washington was, at least unofficially, looking for us. When the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States was nearing its end, and all Canadians were anxious to know what the effect of this radi- cal change would be, Erastus Wiman, a friend of our subject's, now of continental reputation, was owner of the Trade Re- view, of Montreal, and offered a prize for the best essay on the treaty. With his usual thoroughness, he secured the aid of Sir Francis Hincks, Hon. Mr. Holton, and a third equally eminent man, as judges, and the prize therefore assumed a value greater than its money reward. The first prize fell to Mr. Harvey, Mr. James Young, of Galt, being second. The essay was reprinted by the press, and issued in pamphlet form, at- tracting wide attention. Shortly after- wards, the government appointed commis- sioners to visit the West Indies and Brazil, to ascertain what outlets they might offer for our products, and the finance ministers of the various British American provinces met at Washington, commissioned to nego- tiate for a new treaty, if one could be had. Of this commission-Messrs. Galt (Quebec), Howland (Ontario), Smith (New Bruns- wick), and Henry (Nova Scotia), Mr. Har- vey was called to be secretary; and observ- ing, when attending the sessions of the com- mittee on ways and means, how great weight was put on the fisheries branch of the sub- ject, he handed his studies and manuscript on this subject to his friend, W. F. Whitch- er, telling him that in this line lay fortune and fame. Mr. Whitcher, with a little aid from Sir Alexander Galt and Sir John A. Macdonald, succeeded in doing enough to compel the foundation of a fisheries branch, when confederation was brought about, and, under Hon. Peter Mitchell, made it an important branch of the public service, and paved the way for the due recognition of the value of our fisheries by the treaty of Washington, the Halifax award of $5,000,- A CYCLOPEDIA OF 516 at Rickinghall, Suffolk, England, on the 27th December, 1823. When young Bowell was nine years old his parents sailed for Can- ada. Mr. Bowell, in early youth, exhibited much courage and enterprise, and one is not surprised to see what he has achieved in looking back at his career. He always had a quick eye for business, and was seldom astray in judging what sort of enterprise was profitable, and what had better be avoid- ed. He had always a military enthusiasm, and assisted in 1857, in raising and organiz- ing a rifle company of sixty-five men, in what was known at that time as class B, in which no assistance was given by the gov- ernment, except in furnishing the rifles. He served on the frontier in the winter of 1864-5, during the American rebellion, and again during the Fenian troubles of 1866. He entered a printing office as an appren- tice in 1834, and during his whole life up to the time when heavy political responsi- bilities fell upon his shoulders, he was con- nected with the newspaper press of Canada. He was editor and proprietor of the Belle- ville Daily and Weekly Intelligencer news- paper for a number of years, and at one time president of the Ontario Press Associa- tion. In education he has taken consider- able interest, as is evidenced by the fact that he held for eleven years the chairmanship of the Board of School Trustees, of Belleville. He has always been a prominent Orangeman; and was for eight years grand master of the Provincial Orange Grand Lodge of Ontario east, which position he resigned when in 1870 he was elected most worshipful grand master and sovereign of the Orange Asso- ciation of British America. This office he continued to hold until he resigned in June, 1878. He was likewise president of the Tri- annual Council of Orangeism of the world, having been elected to that position at the council held in Derry, Ireland, in 1876. From Mr. Bowell's connection with impor- tant public enterprises is but gathered his important connection with industrial and commercial movements. He was for many years president of the West Hastings Agri- cultural Society, and vice-president of the Agricultural and Arts Association of On- tario ; president of the Hastings Mutual Fire Insurance Company, the Farren Manu- facturing Company, and the Dominion Safe- Gas Company, and president of the Belle- ville and North Hastings Railway ; and was captain of No. 1 company of the 15th bat- talion while on service during the Fenian troubles, and subsequently major in the 49th battalion of Volunteer rifles. In 1863 Mr. 000, and the treaty of commerce soon to be made between the United States and Can- ada. The other branches of economical and political study suggested by this commission were dealt with by Mr. Harvey himself, and he was actively employed by several minis- ters in preparing the framework of confeder- ation. Mr. Harvey's energy was as bound- less as his capacity for expedient, and for the origination of projects was fertile. Amongst his many other valuable services to the government and to the country was, "The Year Book of Canada," a work of his capable pen. For two years he devoted himself with patriotic zeal to a continuation of this enterprise, and then surrendered it to more mercenary and less capable hands. Mr. Harvey's book is a standard statistical work to this day. Mr. Harvey, while in the service of the government, suggested and carried into effect the insurance legislation of the Dominion, and in 1870 took the man- agement of the Provincial Insurance Com- pany at Toronto. The affairs of this institu- tion were not in a promising condition. Heavy maturing liabilities had to be met, and this Mr. Harvey accomplished with his usual suc- cess. But the stars were fighting against his company. Droughts prevailed in his territory, and city after city was scourged by fire in the Maritime provinces. The company was obliged to suspend; and Mr. Harvey was long engaged winding up its affairs. Mr. Har- vey was secretary of the St. George's Society in Quebec, and was called the " model sec- retary," too. He has not since then joined the St. George's Society, nor given them a subscription. In Ottawa he was active in matters ecclesiastical, and delighted in being able to say that he was largely instrumental in building St. Alban's church there, which indeed he financed and sometimes carried on paper, principally his own. He has not been able to revive interest in church mat- ters since. He was the widest-known statist in Canada ; but he now rarely thinks of the subject, and never makes a talk of figures. He was one of the swiftest shorthand writers, but he never makes a phonetic curve now. He has been engaged of late years in real estate transactions, principally in Parkdale, which owes much of its devel- opment to him, he having laid out three miles of new streets there. He has not al- together laid aside his pen, and is a frequent contributor to magazines and the daily press. ISowell, Hon. Mackenzie, Lieu- tenant-Colonel, J.P., M.P. for North Has- tings, and Minister of Customs, was born CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 517 Bowell contested the north riding of the County of Hastings for parliamentary hon- ours, as the nominee of the Conservative convention, but refusing to join in the cries against the incorporation of Roman Catholic institutions and what was then termed French domination, which were made test questions at the time, he was defeated. In 1867, Mr. Bowell again pre- sented himself to the electors of North Hastings, stated his views with that calm reasonableness which has always character- ized his utterances, and he was elected. He entered parliament therefore at Con- federation, but took no very prominent part in the debates of the House for the first two or three years. His first success in parliament was in his criticism of a mea- sure introduced by the late Sir George E. Cartier, then minister of Militia, for the purpose of reorganizing the militia force of Canada. Upon this occasion his practical experience and knowledge of the require- ments of the volunteer force had its effect upon the House, he having succeeded in de- feating the government upon the details of the bill three times during one sitting of the House. Being an independent thinker, he was not always in accord with the leaders cf his party, having voted against them upon many important measures, notably, the Nova Scotia better terms resolutions, and upon the motion for the ratification of the Washington treaty. He was re-elected in 1872, and consequently in parliament, when the Macdonald government fell, and Mr. Mackenzie succeeded to power. It was in opposition that Mr. Bowell took a leading part, not only in the business of the House, but upon the most important committees. He inaugurated and conducted the proceed- ings in the House of Commons which re- sulted in his moving the motion for the ex- pulsion of Louis David Riel, member elect for Provencher, Manitoba, for the part he, Riel, had taken in ordering the shooting of Scott, a prisoner of his during the revolt in Manitoba in 1879. He also took an active part in bringing before the House the ques- tion of the violation of the provisions of the Independence of Parliament Act, by its Speaker, and by a number of its members. The motion which he made upon this ques- tion, though defeated, led subsequently to the resignation of Mr. Speaker Anglin, one member of the cabinet, and four members of the House. He did not make many speeches, but whenever he arose the House always listened, for Mr. Bowell had gained the reputation of being a man who had, first, something to say, and second, a reason- able and a satisfactory way of saying it. He has been successful at every election since. On the 19th of October, 1878, upon the resumption of power of the Conserva- tive party, Mr. Bowell was called to the Privy Council, and sworn in minister of Customs. Sir John Macdonald had learned to appreciate the level-headedness, and prac- tical qualities, and the sound judgment of the member for North Hastings. It is pleasing to one to sit in the galleries and watch Mr. Bowell answer questions or reply to objec- tions. Under no circumstances, nor by any pressure or irritation, can he be moved to haste or ill-temper; but he sits there, disre- garding feeling, and doing what he considers to be his duty as a minister of the crown. Mr. Bowell married in 1847, Harriet Louisa Moore, eldest daughter of Jacob G. Moore, Belleville, by whom he has nine children, five of whom are living. Jeft'ery, Joseph, London, Ontario, was born on the 28th September, 1829, at Ipswich, Suffolk, England. He was a son of Joseph Jeffery, by his wife Mary Ann, whose maiden name was Godbold. J oseph Jeffery, junior, received a careful educa- tional training at private schools in his na- tive Ipswich, and when he had attained his sixteenth year (1845), emigrated to Canada, taking up his abode a few years afterwards in London. Here he engaged in business pursuits, and his undertakings were reward- ed with a very fair measure of success. In 1865 he opened an exchange office, dealing principally in American money, bonds, etc., but retired after a successful business of a few years. In the fall of 1870, Mr. Jeffery was offered by F. Wolferstan Thomas, gen- eral manager of the Molsons Bank, the po- sition of manager of the branch to be opened in London. This offer he accepted, and still holds the position. On October 13, 1870, Mr. Jeffery, with Edward Harris and some other gentlemen, established the Ontario Loan and Debenture Company, and Mr. Jeffery was made president. In 1874, Ed- ward Harris and Mr. Jeffery established the London Life Insurance Company, and Mr. Jeffery was also made president of this company. Mr. Jeffery married, on the 28th December, 1853, Augusta Ann, daughter of James Haley. In religion Mr. Jeffery is an adherent of the Baptist church. In bus- iness and financial circles his judgment is considered to be very superior, and in times of rush and excitement he is a very safe man, possessing the quality of being able to re- main cool. 518 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Coyne, Janies Henry, Barrister-at- law, St. Thomas, was born at St. Thomas, Ont., October 3rd, 1849. He is a grandson of Henry Coyne, who, emigrating from Bel- fast, Ireland, in 1810, settled for a few years on the banks of the Hudson river, and then, attracted by the glowing reports of the Tal- bot settlement in Upper Canada, removed thither in 1817, and took up a grant of land in the township of Dunwich, where he re- sided until his death in 1852. He brought up a large family, and his numerous descend- ants are now to be found in many places in the western peninsula of Ontario, and in Manitoba. His fourth son, William, was born in Duchess county, New York, in 1816, and was but a few months old when the family removed to Dunwich. He married, in 1846, Christina, daughter of Daniel Pat- terson, a native of Argyleshire, who had come to the Talbot settlement about the year 1819, taken up land in Aidborough, but after a few years succumbed to fever. Daniel Patterson's descendants are numer- ous in Aidborough and the adjoining town- ships of Orford and Dunwich, and include many of the prosperous farmers of the old Talbot district. Wm Coyne resides at St. Thomas, where he has been a prominent merchant for nearly fifty years. Amongst his early recollections is one of a visit to the site of the City of London (then known as the Forks of the Thames) at the time when there was not a single house erected, and it was necessary to follow a blaze in order to find one's way through the woods, where is now a city of 30,000 inhabitants. James H. Coyne is the second son of William and Christina Coyne, and was educated at the common school in his native town, until he was eleven years old, when he passed into the Grammar school, then under the charge of Mr. (now Rev.) Nelson Burns, M.A. At fourteen years of age, he matriculated in the University of Toronto, carrying off the first general proficiency scholarship, and first class honours in classics, mathematics, French, etc. Owing to his extreme youth, he did not enter University College until 1867. He devoted himself chiefly to classics and modern languages, and after gaining numerous scholarships and prizes at the university and college during his under- graduate course, graduated in 1870, carry- ing off the Prince of Wales' prize for gener- al proficiency, the gold medal in moderns, a silver medal in classics, the French essay prize, and first-class honours in history and ethnology. In 1884 he was elected by his fellow-graduates a member of the Senate of the university. After graduating, the sub- ject of this sketch entered the law office of Colin Macdougall, Q.C., at St. Thomas ; in- terrupted his law studies for a year to take charge of the Cornwall High school, where he was headmaster during the year 1871 ; returned then to Mr. Macdougall's office for a year ; and then removed to To- ronto, where he served for two years in the office of Bethune & Hoyles. He was admitted to the bar in Michaelmas term, 1874, passing first without an oral, both as barrister and as attorney ; and at once entered into partnership with his former principal, Mr. Macdougall, at St. Thomas. The law firm of Macdougall & Coyne existed until 1880, when it was dissolved. Shortly afterwards, Mr. Coyne entered into his present partnership with J. Mann, under the firm name of Coyne & Mann. During the Fenian excitement of 1866, Mr. Coyne joined the St. Thomas Rifles, and served during three campaigns in that year : first at London, during March, when some thousands of regulars and volunteers were brigaded there; then at Port Stanley and Sarnia in June ; and finally in camp at Thorold in August, where he acted as quar- termaster-sergeant to the Provisional batta- lion of volunteers, who were then brigaded with regulars and other volunteers under Wolseley. The following year, he joined the famous University company of the Queen's Own Rifles, of which he remained a member until his graduation. Mr. Coyne is a mem- ber of the St. Andrew's Society of St. Thomas, and after holding the positions successively of second and first vice-presi- dent, became president of it during the year 1883 and 1884. He has always taken a great interest in the politics of his country, and has filled various offices in the Reform party, to which he belongs. In the year 1882, he was president of the East Elgin Reform Associ- ation. He was a member of the great Re- form convention, at Toronto, in 1883, and was selected to speak to one of the resolu- tions passed by the convention. He also at- tended the Young Liberal convention of 1885, as a delegate. Mr. Coyne is a member of the St. Thomas Free Public Library Board. He was also a member of its predecessor, the Mechanics' Institute board. In 1876, owing to a serious illness, he was obliged to give up work for a year and a half. Eleven months of this vacation were devoted to a visit to E urope. Visiting in succession, England, Scotland, Ireland, Belgium, the Rhine, Switzerland, France and Italy, he not only recovered his health, but was able CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 519 to acquire those advantages which travel af- fords to those who have rightly profited by the studies of earlier years. Nearly six months of the winter and spring were spent at Mentone, and in the pities of northern Italy. Mr. Coyne married, Nov. 21, 1877, Matilda, third daughter of the late J, G. Bowes, of Toronto. Their family consists of four children. Chisholm, Kenneth, M.P.P. for the County of Peel, Ontario, Brampton, was born in the township of Toronto, County of Peel, on the 17th March, 1830. His grand parents on both sides were United Empire loyalists, and crossed the St. Law- rence with the MacDonalds from the Ameri- can colonies in 1776, a few days previous to the breaking out of the revolution, and settled in the County of Glengarry, Canada. Alexander Chisholm served in the Glengarry regiment during the war of 1812, and took part in the battles at Chrysler's Farm, Os- wego and Ogdensburg, and others of less note. His grand uncle was the celebrated Sir Alexander Mackenzie, the discoverer and explorer of the Mackenzie river in the far north. His father, Alexander Chisholm, was a prominent farmer and lumber opera- tor in the County of Peel. Our subject's mother was Mary MacDonell, daughter of D. MacDonell, of Glengarry, and she died in 1849. This lady received a grant of land from the government in the neighbourhood of the Eldorado mills. A family of six were left, of which Kenneth was the second youngest. The lad obtained a very fair education, but at a somewhat early age he entered, as clerk, in a store at Church- ville, where he remained for two years. Proceeding to Brampton, he entered into the employ of the late Peleg Howland as salesman, remaining with this firm until 1852, when he commenced a business for himself in the town of Milton, dealing in general merchandise, including grain, pro- duce, etc. After a time he returned to Brampton, and purchased the business of Peleg Howland ; and has continued at the head of the establishment ever since, first in partnership with the late John Elliott, and afterwards with his son, Matthew Elliott. The latter gentleman re- tired in 1885, and the business is now under the sole control of Mr. Chisholm. He like- wise retains the Eldorado mills on the the C.P.R., and the pink-brown stone quarry at the Forks of the Credit river. During the partnership the firm had a branch of the Brampton business at Orange- ville. Mr. Chisholm was postmaster at Brampton for nearly twenty years, but re- signed on entering parliamentary life. He was councilman for Brampton, and was reeve for twelve years almost in succes- sion, and was elected eleven out of the twelve by acclamation. For three years, in succession he was warden of the county. In 1873, he became a candidate for the County of Peel in the Provincial parlia- ment, and was elected ; and has been elec- ted since four times in succession. Mr. Chisholm is a shareholder and director, and vice-president of the Haggart Manufactur- ing Company, and is a director of the Central Bank of Canada. In politics he is an adherent of Mr. Blake in general policy, and a follower of Mr. Mowat in Ontario. His religious convictions are those of Methodism. He has been twice married : first to Margaret, daughter of the late John Elliott, at one time his partner in business. This lady died in 1863, leaving one daughter. He married again in 1865, Mary Ann, daughter of the late Joseph McMaster, of Beamsville, by whom he has four children-three sons and one daughter. K. Alexander and Douglas H. are em- ployed in their father's establishment. Mr. Chisholm was one of the promoters of the Credit Valley Railway, now part of the C.P.R. system, and was appointed by the Ontario House one of the trustees for the payment of the debt of the Credit Valley road when it amalgamated with the C.P.R. He was also appointed one of the directors of the Ontario and Sault Ste. Marie Railway. It is only necessary to read the record of Mr. Chisholm's career to conclude that he is a man of far more than ordinary enter- prise and ability, for the people have tried him in almost every public capacity, and found him capable and faithful to his trust. He is a useful member of the legislature. Mulock, William, M.A. M.P for North York, Toronto, Ont., and Vice-Chan- cellor of the University of Toronto, was born at Bond Head, in the township of West Gwillimbury, County of Simcoe, on the 19th of January, 1843. He is the sec- ond son of the late Thomas H. Mulock, M. D., T.C.D., who was a native of Dublin, Ireland. Thomas H. Mulock married Mary, daughter of John Cawthra, formerly of Yorkshire, England, who settled in Newmarket, and was elected a reform member in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, for the County of Simcoe in 1829. He was first sent to school at the Newmarket Grammar school, and having completed his studies there, he entered 520 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the University of Toronto. In modern languages he was gold medalist ; and in 1863 he took his Arts degree. Out of col- lege a profession had to be chosen, and the law held out the strongest lure to him. As a law student, Mr. Mulock displayed the same industry and clearheadedness that he did in college. In 1868 he was called to the bar, after having passed a very creditable examination, being at the head of the class. His legal talents were regarded of such high order that he was for four years an examiner in, and one of the lecturers upon, Equity, for the Law Society at Toronto. In 1873 he was elected a member of the Senate of the University of Toronto, con- tinuing senator from 1873 to 1878. He was, in 1881, 1882, and 1884 elected vice-chan- cellor of the University. He has been con- nected prominently with several public enter- prises, and it may be mentioned that he is president of the Farmers' Loan and Savings Company, and the Victoria Rolling Stock Company. He is likewise a director of the Toronto General Trusts Company. Up till these late years he had shown very little de- sire to be connected with political life ; but he had always taken a deep interest in public events. A number of influential friends pressed him to allow himself to be put in nomination in the Reform interest for an Ontario constituency, and after some deliberation, he consented. North York was chosen, a riding that had been repre- sented by a conservative. The contest was very sharp, but Mr. Mulock created an excellent impression wherever he ap- peared. He did not go about foaming at the mouth, in the abominable way that is the fashion, upon the majority of meetings in. Canada at general elections ; but he made his statements in the manner of a dignified gentleman who has facts to sub- stantiate all he affirms, and convictions to justify it. He was successful, and his pres- ence in the House of Commons has been an important gain. He is a clear, logical, and convincing reasoner, and while he de- lights those of his own political views, he always compels the attention, and wins the admiration of his opponents. Young, James, Clerk of Stationery, to the Dominion Government, Ottawa, was born at Lochee, now part of Dundee, Scot- land, on the 12th February, 1829. He is a son of John Young, flaxdresser, who was foreman or manager of one of the large fac- tories of that town. He was a man remark- able for his endeavours to ameliorate the condition of the women and children em- ployed in factories, and was one of the few who led the agitation in favour of the first Factories Act, which put a limit to the hours of labour and gave operatives, for the first time, a legal right to certain hours of leisure. His mother was Margaret Smith, who was descended from the Stuarts of Logierait, in Perthshire, and a near relation of the founder of Stuart's Hospital, in Edinburgh. James was educated at Dundee, receiving an ordinary Scotch education, including a study of Latin and French. At the age of thir- teen he was entered as apprentice to the bookbinding trade in Dundee, and served his time there and in Edinburgh. In 1851 he commenced work-a-day life in Dun- dee as a bookbinder, which business was suc- cessfully carried on under the firm name of Young & Brechin until 1857, when, being in precarious health, he relinquished his in- terest to Mr. Brechin and sailed for Amer- ica, chiefly in search of health ; but, arriv- ing at Toronto, on the 21st October, 1857, he was offered employment as a finisher in the office of the Queen's Printer, and remained for a time in several capacities in Toronto, Quebec, and Ottawa, until the destruction of Mr. Desbarat's estab- lishment by fire in January, 1869. The ex- cellence of the higher grades of work turned out, and the improvements made in the gen- eral working of the establishment, for some years had attracted much attention in influ- ential quarters, and the government, having determined on the establishment of the Sta- tionery office under the act of 1868, ap- pointed Mr. Young to the position he now holds, in March, 1869. He organized the business, first under the Minister of Finance and Accountant of Contingencies, and from 1871 under the Secretary of State. The of- fice has been a success from its inception, and has, as the public accounts will show, been the means of saving great sums of money to the public of Canada. His ap- pointment was not alone popular, but it was an extremely important one ; and Mr. Young has the satisfaction of reflecting that choice was made of him, not through the pulling of political wires, but by reason of his thorough fitness for the position. We regret to say that too close application to duty has been telling severely of late (1885) against Mr. Young's health ; and he was obliged towards the close of the year to seek amelioration in the bracing air of the moun- tainous districts of Colorado. He has been much impressed by the rapid growth and the civilization of the cities in Colorado, and writ- ing to his friend, George Maclean Rose, from CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 521 Denver, he says :-" The doctortkinks I am getting along very well, as everyone coming from below must needs get accustomed to the altitude, 5,203 feet above sea level, and the rarefied air. Notwithstanding this height, Denver lies in a basin, or slight de- pression of the surrounding prairie. The Rocky mountains are around two sides of us, the west and south-west ; and we can see a range of one hundred and fifty miles, they say, on a clear day. A most magnifi- cent scene it is. . . . This is a marvel- lous city for its age. They say that the most ancient native is only fourteen years old, and the population is claimed to be seventy thousand at least. The foundation of the city's wealth is the surrounding mines. The great smelting works are here, and the ores coming in, and the metals going out, form its trade, and the results are seen in all directions. Thousands of splendid resi- dences, grand public buildings, fine shops of every sort, spacious churches, are to be seen here ; and there are doctors past enumera- tion, to attend to invalids from everywhere. I think I have met several dozens of invalids from Ontario already, (a great many are residents.) About half of the population came here, it is said, for health's sake, and finding they could live, remained, got into some business, and are now doing well. My doctor, an Ontarian, told me that about half the people are living on one lung, and that not very good ; yet they live, and en- joy life, too." Sutherland, Hugh McKay, Winni- peg, M.P. for Selkirk, Manitoba, was born in New London, Prince Edward Island, on the 22nd February, 1843. His family had migrated to the island in 1816 from Suther- landshire, Scotland, his father engaging in farming at New London. In 1849, how- ever, Mr. Sutherland resolved to try his fortune in Upper Canada, a province which at that time was in high repute and making rapid strides in settlement. By boat and waggon he made his way to the County of Oxford, and there took up school teaching, which he followed for many years. The subject of this sketch resided likewise in Oxford, and married, on the 10th February, 1864, Mary, daughter of Alexander Dickie, of Brant, Ontario ; but this lady died on the 11th of October, 1875. He married again, on the 10th December, 1878, May, daughter of the Hon. R. T. Banks, of Balti- more, U.S. In 1868 he removed to Orillia, Co. Simcoe, and carried on extensive lum- bering operations until 1873, in which year he went to the North-West, and became superintendent of Dominion Government Public Works until 1873. In this year the great Canadian North-West was holding out strong inducement to capital and enterprise, and our subject resolved to remain in the country, taking up his abode in Winnipeg. Here he engaged in a number of enter- prises, having accumulated considerable capital in the east, but he chiefly con- cerned himself in lumber operations, into which he entered upon an extensive scale. Mr. Sutherland has all the wise caution of his countrymen, but he has also a spirit of the most active enterprise; and added to these two excellent qualities, he has splendid business ability. It is not to be wondered at that a generous measure of success waited upon his undertakings. He next began to give considerable attention to politics, and the people in the prairie prov- ince saw in him all the requisites of an excellent representative. What he has achieved in commerce will be understood when we state that he is president of the Winnipeg & Hudson's Bay Railway Com- pany, and is one of its chief promoters, and has already spent much time and capital in developing it. He was one of the orig- inal promoters, and became vice-president of the Manitoba South Western Railway, the first local railway in Manitoba; he was the first to bring the extensive coal fields of the North-West into prominence, by developing the Souris coal mine in 1879, and floating coal down in barges 900 miles by water to Winnipeg ; he is president of the British and North-West Colonization Company ; president of the Prince Albert Colonization Company ; and he is president of the Rainy Lake Lumber Company. He was an unsuccessful candidate for East Simcoe in the Legislative Assembly of On- tario in 1875, but was returned to the Dominion parliament for Selkirk at the last general election. He is an extremely useful member of the House, and his judg- ment is held in high respect. He is a mem- ber of the English church. Birrell, George S., London.-The subject of this sketch was born in the City of London, Ontario, in 1842, and is the eldest son of the late John Birrell, founder of the well-known wholesale dry goods house of John Birrell & Co., in that city. On the death of his father, in 1875, George became the head of the firm, and has by his excel- lent management and business thrift, main- tained and enlarged its connections, until it is now one of the largest and most suc- cessfully conducted and pushing houses in 522 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the dry goods trade in Western Ontario. Although almost a devotee to business, Mr. Birrell gives a good deal of time to municipal affairs. Some years ago, when urged by many of his fellow-citizens to join them in an attempt to put to rights many grievances which afflicted the body politic in the city council, he readily gave his con- sent, and was elected as aiderman for Ward No. 1, and has been elected by the same ward several times since. In the city coun- cil he has served as chairman on various im- portant committees ; and this year (1885) he is water commissioner, having declined the proffered honour of the mayoralty. Mr. Birrell was married, in 1868, to Alice Perry, of Utica, in the State of New York, and has two children, a daughter and son. He is a Mason, and has attained the 33 degrees ; he is president of the Masonic Temple Company in London, and is like- wise president of the North American St. George Union. In every respect, taking thrift, ability, push and integrity into ac- count, he may be regarded as an honoured citizen and a representative Canadian. Casgrain, Charles Eugene, C.M., M.D., Windsor, Ont., was born at Quebec, on the 3rd August, 1825. He is a son of the Honourable Charles E. Casgrain and of Eliza Ann Baby. The former was a member of the Legislative Assembly before the union, and a member of the special council created after the rebellion. He was made a lieut-colonel, unattached, in 1839 for his loyalty during the rebellion, and assist- ance given by him to the troops during their passage from Fredericton to Quebec. Dr. Casgrain is a brother of the Abbe H. R. Casgrain, a French-Canadian writer of great repute, and of P. B. Casgrain, M.P., for 1'Islet. By his mother he is descended from a family whose members were among the first to emigrate to Detroit in the begin- ing of the eighteenth century. The Hon. James Baby, maternal grandfather, who was speaker of the Legislative Council of Canada, is still well remembered in Toronto. Charles Eugene Casgrain received a com- plete classical education at the College of St. Anne's, Quebec, and his medical educa- tion at McGill College, Montreal, where he graduated in 1851 as master of surgery and doctor of medicine. He was a student of the late Doctor Wolfred Nelson of Montreal. He began practising his profession in De- troit, Mich., in 1851, but removed to Sand- wich in 1856, at the earnest request of prominent citizens of that place. He was then appointed coroner for the County of Essex and jail surgeon ; and both appoint- ments are still held by him. When the Essex battalion was formed in 1860, he was gazetted captain of the Sandwich company ; and he was afterwards surgeon to the troops stationed in Windsor and Sandwich during the Fenian raids in 1861 to 1864. Dr. Casgrain was elected a municipal councillor, by acclamation, for the town of Windsor in 1874, and served two terms. He has been a member of the Board of School Trustees for the last eighteen years. He became first president of the St. John the Baptist So- ciety of Essex at its inception in 1864, and is still an active member of the same. He was re-elected general president of all the French-Canadian societies of Essex in 1883, and as such presided at the great French- Canadian convention held in Windsor on the 24th June of the same year. He is a strong Liberal-Conservative and supporter of Sir John A. Macdonald ; and is chair- man of the Liberal-Conservative Association of North Essex. He is a devoted Roman Catholic ; and in 1884, in consideration of services rendered to the church, was created by His Holiness, Pope Leo XIII., a knight of the order of the Holy Sepulchre. He married in 1851, Charlotte Mary, daughter of Thomas Chase and Catherine Adelaide Caroline Bailly de Messein, of Detroit, Michigan, formerly of Quebec. His eldest son, Thomas Chase Casgrain, is professor of criminal law at Laval University, Quebec, and was one of the council for the Crown in the Queen vs. Louis Riel and other rebel leaders at Regina, in July and August, 1885. Dr. Casgrain practices medicine in Windsor, Ontario, with another of his sons, Henry Raymond Casgrain, M.D., who was surgeon-major in charge of Field Hospital No. 2, at Moose-Jaw, during the late rebel- lion. He has always enjoyed to the fullest extent the confidence of his fellow-citizens of all denominations. He was on several occasions urged to offer himself for par- liamentary honours, but declined, owing to his extensive professional engagements. Jackson, Rev. Samuel N., M.D., Congregational minister, Kingston, Ontario, was born in 1838, in the township of Brome, Lower Canada, where his grandfather, the Rev. John Jackson, M. A., settled in 1815. His father, H. N. Jackson, J.P., was a farmer, and proposed bringing up his three sons in the same pursuit, but as they reached the estate of manhood, they chose professions, and the oldest, Joseph A., is now a leading medical practitioner in Man- chester, N.H., while the youngest, J. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 523 Henry, is a medical professor in the Uni- versity of Vermont. The second son, the subject of this sketch, when eighteen years of age, went to Nebraska, then a new terri- tory in the far west, where he spent some time at the publishing profession-being for a time joint editor and proprietor of a newspaper there. Possessing from his ycuth a strong inclination for the ministry, he re- turned home, and, after further preliminary preparation, entered college to qualify for that calling. He pursued his studies in McGill University in the faculties of arts and medicine, and in the Congregational College, affiliated with that university, where he completed his course in divinity in 1866. In the same year he married Mary A., eldest daughter of William Parkyn, of Montreal. While a student he supplied St. Paul's Union Church, Cote St. Paul, Mon- treal, and, after finishing his college career, he was ordained as its first pastor. He con- tinued in this charge until 1871, when he resigned to accept a call to the pastorate of the Zion Congregational Church, Toronto. In 1877 he received an invitation to the pastoral charge of the First Congregational Church in Kingston, whereupon he resigned his Toronto pastorate, and took the over- sight of the church with which he has since laboured. At one time Dr. Jackson was editor of the Canadian Independent, and for five years he compiled and edited the Con- gregational Year Book. He is a lecturer and member of the faculty of the Congregational College, and the secretary of the Canada Congregational Missionary Society. Bygrave, Hilary, Rev., Pastor of the Unitarian Church, Toronto, was born at Wallington, Hertfordshire, England, on the 23rd of January, 1848. Very early in life he entertained thoughts of entering the ministry, and was strengthened in his re- ligious views by Rev. John Medway, of Herts, where Mr. Bygrave's family removed before he was fifteen years of age. After due deliberation the subject of this sketch entered Nottingham College, in the beauti- ful City of Nottingham, an institution which trains young men for the Congrega- tional ministry. Here, in company with four fellow students, Mr. Bygrave gave early evidence of how thoroughly in earn- est he was by organizing a mission in one of the vilest parts of the city, which was the means of reclaiming many from vice, and through which its promoters acquired the faculty of speaking the mother tongue in a terse and a fluent way. On leaving Nottingham he proceeded to London, and completed his studies at Hackney College, one of the oldest, if not the oldest, seats of learning amongst the Nonconformists. He was ordained by the Kentish Congregational Association of Ministers at Belvedere, Kent, a beautiful suburb of London, in May, 1871. Here the young minister's future seemed hopeful and promising in the ex- treme, surrounded as he was by a congrega- tion of wealthy and cultivated people. But he had left college in broken health, and in less than two years his strength failed com- pletely, and he felt it his duty to resign his charge. In a letter to Mr. Bygrave, from the secretary of the church, dated October, 27th, 1872, the following passage occurs, re- ferring to the meeting called to consider the resignation of the pastor:-i( I may say that great emotion was felt by all present, in many the deep feeling of the heart pre- vented the expression of the lips, but showed itself even in strong men by the bursting sob and the overflowing eye. Think of the noble work you are leaving, and come back to us again when you have rested a while, with a heart more than ever given to the work of your Lord." Mr. By- grave was ordered by his physicians to cease studying and take a long rest or a sea voyage, and as he had often wished to visit America, he determined to go there. His good people at Belvedere gave him a well- filled purse, which made his proposed trip possible, but upon the distinct understand- ing that this in no way bound him to return to them unless he was so minded. He landed at Boston, after a long and stormy passage of nineteen days, in December, 1872, and soon fell in love with his new surroundings. It was not long before re- turning health made it possible for him to undertake occasional preaching, and in April, 1873, he was unanimously called to the pastorate of the Congregational Church at Boxford, Mass., which, however, he de- clined. This circumstance did not, however, diminish his popularity in Boxford, and never a summer has passed since then that he has not spent many happy days there among his numerous friends and admirers. In May, 1873, he was called to the Congre- gational Church, East Milton, a pleasant suburb of Boston, where he remained for two years. It was here that he began fight- ing doubts about the Trinity, the Bible and Everlasting Punishment. Finding himself wandering farther away from the orthodox standards, he relinquished his work and fel- lowship in the Orthodox church, and sought and found a more congenial home among 524 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the Unitarians. In June, 1875, he was called to the Unitarian Church, at Hudson, Mass., where he laboured with great suc- cess for four years. The impression that Mr. Bygrave made in Hudson may be judged of by the following from the Pioneer of that place :-"The Rev. Hilary Bygrave's departure from our midst will be a great loss to this community, especially to those of an age most susceptible to moulding influences, because of his interest in religious and secular education, his re- fined and literary taste, and the purity and inspiration of the letter and spirit of his life." Mr. Bygrave was twice called to Dover, N.H., after leaving Hudson, but declined on both occasions. About this time the Unitarian Church in Toronto was seek- ing a pastor, and at the earnest solicitation of his friend, G. W. Fox, assistant secre- tary of the American Unitarian Association, who felt that an Englishman might best serve the cause here. Mr. Bygrave accepted the charge, and preached his first sermon on the first Sunday in December, 1880. Since his arrival in Toronto, Mr. Bygrave has done much to build up his church, and has endeared himself to every member of his congregation. Naturally he has had a hard road to travel, being opposed so strongly by orthodoxy. The other churches look with disfavour upon Unitarianism, and they are as loath to grant a hearing to its ministers, as Rome was to give ear to Martin Luther. But Rome was obliged to listen to him, and the world also heard, and the work that Monk did is felt to-day. Mr. Bygrave's preaching is characterized by great fervour, exceedingly correct English, and word paint- ing which oftentimes rises to grandeur. In clearly and lucidly plucking out the heart of a mystery and striking right home when he wants to, he is by long odds without a peer in the city. He is a speaker to whom it is a plea- sure to listen, and it seems sad and strange that owing to prejudice, or bigotry, or ignorance, his learning, gifts and eloquence should be confined within his own church walls. Mr. Bygrave is well versed in gen- eral literature, has a fine classic taste, and is a frequent contributor of poems and prose articles to leading journals in New York, Boston and London, England. Mr. Bygrave is thoroughly familiar with the results of modern science, as taught by Huxley, Darwin, Tyndall and Haeckel, and is in full sympathy with the evolutionary philosophy of Herbert Spencer. The fol- lowing are some of the leading principles of Unitarianism, or the Liberal Faith, as set forth by Mr. Bygrave, in a printed lecture of which a thousand copies have been dis- tributed within a short time :-Freedom of thought is the first thing the Unitarian Church stands for. We see no virtue in blind belief. We claim for ourselves, and accord to others, full liberty of thought, in- quiry and speech. Unitarians are proud to call themselves the Protestants of the Pro- testants. We believe in the Unity of God. We find no warrant for the Trinity, either in reason or in Scripture. In the exercise of this intellectual freedom we came to hold a rational view of the Bible. Studying the Scriptures without a bias, with free, un- trammelled minds, we see that the Bible is not all of one piece, not all of equal value, not all pitched in the same high key. Much of the Bible is clay, but the pure gold of truth, the vital and vitalizing word of God is there, only we must search for it as for all else that is precious, beautiful and good. The Bible is like a great river of God that has come down to us, coloured somewhat by all the clays, loaded with some sediment of all the soils and sands through which it has passed. So, too, we assert the Fatherhood of God. Our church stands for God's love, universal, free and unconditioned. We know not of, and believe not in God's hate, God's wrath, God's vengeance. The Uni- terian Church stands for the real humanity of Jesus. We do not believe that he was God, or a third of God, but human like ourselves, moved and inspired by God's spirit dwelling in him, as we are when we follow the lead of God. From this is but a step to the next idea the Uniterian Church stands for, namely, faith in man, faith in man's essential nobleness and capacity for good. We do not believe that man is a helpless worm, or that the human soul is totally depraved. We discard the theologic and accept the scientific theory of the origin and history of man. Lastly, the Unitarian Church stands for the hope of eternal life and blessedness for all human souls. We look for no special and private salvation. We hope for the universal blessedness of every creature throughout all the world. We believe the love of God is strong enough, and patient enough to bring all souls home at last ; that there will be no failures in the long-run, that all souls will some day come to be and do what God de- sires. In short, our fundamental principles may be stated thus (1) The Fatherhood of God. (2) The brotherhood of men. (3) The widest liberty of thought in matters of doctrine and belief. Its aims-To live a CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 525 better life ; to do good to others; and to reach after all that is better and higher than ourselves." There is no doubt of it, this is a grand platform for any church to stand upon, and it embodies the very essence of the greatest of all command- ments, to love God and one's neighbour. The doctrine of Everlasting Punishment has been repudiated by so many prominent divines of all churches that a refusal to ac- cept it no longer attracts attention. And the other changes may be even at the door. But at present the Unitarian Church stands in the advance guard of Christian thought. Rev. Mr. Bygrave, in his masterly address on the " Hell of the Past," some time ago, denounced the idea of eternal torment, and quoted Tennyson's lines :- " That not one soul shall be destroyed, Nor cast as rubbish to the void, When God has made the pile complete." He further said that if he were making a prayer he would pray for unbelief, and would say, " Oh Lord, let my divine faculty of reason, that lifts me above all creatures in nearness to Thyself, help me to disbelieve whatever is untrue to Thee. Incline my heart to deny all hate and vengeance as alleged of Thee. From the doctrine of the eternal damnation of sinners, from the be- lief that since I began to speak to these children of Thine a million of souls have dropped into the outer darkness forever, good Lord deliver me." And as to " The Hell of the Future," he considered it would consist in the main of a remorseful con- science, although he believed that after death there would be a purifying process for every soul, the stripes for some being few and for others many. Owen, Joseph Gardner, J. P., Streetsville, Ontario, was born in the town- ship of Charlotteville, Norfolk county, on the 14th May, 1848. His parents were Ab- ner and Melvina, daughter of Nichlos Holt, who came to Canada from the United States in 1825, settling in Toronto town- ship, County of Peel, where they remained till their death. Mr. Owen was the son of Abner Gwen, who was the son of Captain Abner Owen, an old U.E. loyalist, who came to the country after the war of 1812, and settled near the town of Simcoe, Norfolk, when Governor Simcoe passed through that part of the country. He obtained a mill site where now the town of Simcoe stands for a small consideration. Mr. Owen's father followed the life of a farmer and lumber merchant, and had a family of seven, the subject of this sketch being the third youngest. He resided until his death in the township of Charlotteville, Norfolk, and Mrs. Owen is still living in the old homestead. Joseph Gardner Owen was educated at the common schools, and at the age of sixteen entered the employ of Messrs. Gooderham & Worts, of Meadowvale, as clerk, where he remained for five years, when he proceeded to Streetsville. where he entered the employ of Messrs. Barber Bros., as manager. In this establishment he re- mained till 1879, when he concluded to be- gin business for himself. Accordingly in the same year he built a store and com- menced his general mercantile operations in partnership with J. H. Paterson, continuing until 1881, when the association dissolved. In 1882 Mr. Owen again entered into partner- ship with Mr. William Andrews, with whom he remained until 1883, when Mr. Owen re- tired from mercantile life. He now entered the business of general broker and real estate agent, which business he still con- tinues. We may say that in his latest occu- pation he has been more than successful. Besides the general office business, he is an auctioneer for the counties of Peel, York and Halton. In 1882 he was elected reeve of Streetsville, was re-elected in 1883, re- tiring in the present year (1885). In 1881 he was appointed a justice of the peace, and in 1883 was given the commissionership of the Queen's Bench. He has been chairman of the Streetsville Mechanics' Institute, and has been a member of the board for a num- ber of years ; and in 1883 was elected a director of the Credit Valley Railway. He is also a shareholder of the Central Bank of Canada ; has been a director of the Agricul- tural Association of the County of Peel for some years ; is a member of the Freemasons' order, and a chartered member of lodge River Park, No. 358, Streetsville, having been first junior warden of the same. He is likewise a chartered member of Streets- ville lodge, No. 122, Oddfellows; and be- longs to the A.O.U. W. He has been active in political work, and is a member of the Liberal Association of the County of Peel, and a member of the executive committee. His religious convictions are those of Meth- odism. He married on the 6th of August, 1884, Mary Amelia, youngest daughter of the late George Kingsmill, first Chief of Police, of Toronto, and one of the best Ijnown citizens of that place. He was cap- tain in the Queen's Rangers during the rebel- lion of 1837, and died in 1853. She is also a sister of the late George R. Kingsmill, who at one time was connected with the 526 A CYCLOIJEDIA OF Toronto Telegraph, the Toronto Mail, and the Ottawa Sun, and was afterwards emi- gration commissioner to England. Mr. Owen is a man of much broad public spirit, and he enjoys a generous measure of popu- larity in business life, as well as in social circles. Dixon, B. Homer, K.N.L., eldest son of Thomas Dixon, K.N.L., K.L., was born in Amsterdam, March 10, 1819. He was created Knight of the Order of the Netherland's Lion, by King William the Third ; and in 1862, he was appointed Con- sul-General of the Netherlands in Canada. He is of Scotch descent, the family name being Dickson ; but his grandfather, Thomas Dickson, altered the spelling to Dixon, be- fore he removed to the Netherlands, in 1788. There he invested in real estate, which, when the French revolution broke out, became unsaleable, and he was afraid to return home, apprehending that it would be confiscated as the property of an emi- grant. When the French invaded the country, he was imprisoned, and only re- leased upon the intercession of influential friends, who gave bonds that he would not leave the country. He died in Amsterdam in 1824, aged 85 years. His only son, Thomas Dixon, Knight of the Order of the Netherland's Lion, and of the Order of the Lily, in France, was born in 1781. During the first French revolution and empire he was once condemned to the guillotine, and thrice imprisoned. In 1816, he visited the United States, where he remained two years ; and in 1818, married in Boston, Mass., Mary B., daughter of Benjamin Perrott Homer, of No. 37 Beacon street, and re- turned to Holland, where he had three sons, one of whom died a bachelor. After a few years they returned to Boston, where he died in 1849, leaving two sons, the younger of whom, Fitz Eugene, married Catherine C., daughter of the Hon. George M. Dallas, vice-president of the U.S.A., and removed to Philadelphia ; and one daugh- ter, Harriette E. M., who married the late William H. Boulton, M.P., of the Grange, Toronto ; and, secondly, Professor Gold win Smith, D.C.L., of Oxford and Toronto. The subject of this memoir removed to Tor- onto, in 1858, and married Kate McGill, daughter of the Hon. Chief Justice Sir James B. Macaulay, C.B., who died with- out issue ; and, secondly, in 1866, Frances Caroline, daughter of William B. Heward, son of Lieut-Colonel Stephen Heward, who commanded the Queen's Rangers dur- ing the war of 1812. McIntyre, Alexander Fraser, Bar- rister, Ottawa, was born at Williamstown, in the County of Glengarry, on the 25th December, 1847. Our subject is a son of Daniel Eugene McIntyre, M.D., sheriff' of the united Counties of Stormont. Dundas and Glengarry, and grandson of Captain James McIntyre, of the English merchant and marine. His mother Anne, was .a daughter of Colonel the Hon. Alexander Fraser, who came to Canada as an officer in the Glen- garry Fencibles, and who, upon the disband- ment of the regiment, settled in the County of Glengarry, which he represented in the legislature of Upper Canada from 1830 to 1839. He was then called to the Legislative Council of the province, and upon the union of the provinces in 1841, he became a mem- ber of the Legislative Council of United Canada. He died in 1853. Alexander Fraser McIntyre was educated at the Corn- wall Grammar school, and at the University of McGill College, Montreal. Having com- pleted his educational course, he began the study of law at Cornwall with the late James Bethune, Q.C., and afterwards removed to Toronto, where he became a student with James McLennan, Q.C., and the Hon. Ed- ward Blake, Q.C. He was admitted to the bar in 1872, and began the practice of his profession at Cornwall, and his business growing rapidly, he formed a partnership with the present Judge Carman, of Corn- wall, who became his junior partner. In the fall of 1875, looking for a wider pro- fessional field, he joined the law firm of Walker, McIntyre and Ferguson, at Ottawa. From 1875 until 1878 he was entrusted by the Ministers of Justice of the Mackenzie administration, Blake & Laflamme with the conduct of many important suits en- tered against the government in the Ex- chequer court ; notably the cases brought by the Intercolonial contractors against the crown. In 1881 he became a partner in the law firm of Cockburn & McIntyre-the senior member being the Hon. James Cock- burn, Q.C., the partnership continuing un- til the death of that gentleman in 1883, when our subject formed the present law firm of McIntyre & Lewis. Mr. McIntyre has been engaged probably more than any other lawyer in prosecuting the claims of government contractors, railway and others before the Exchequer and Supreme courts, and before arbitrators. He is solicitor of the Bank of Montreal, at Ottawa ; of the Civil Service Building Society and other pro- minent institutions. Mr. McIntyre joined a volunteer company at Cornwall whilst a CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 527 mere boy, in 1862 ; was elected ensign and lieutenant, served on the front for six months in 1866, and in the fall of that year was gazetted captain. He retired from the force in 1869. At the general election for the legislature of Ontario in 1875, Mr. McIntyre contested the borough of Cornwall with J.G. Snetsinger, who had represented the con- stituency in the preceding parliament. Mr. McIntyre represented the more advanced wing of the Liberal party of the riding (the Blakeites), whilst Mr. Snetsinger was the nominee of the personal and political friends of the late Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald. Although Mr. Snetsinger was a powerful antagonist, Mr. McIntyre succeeded in de- feating him by a majority of five, but at an election ensuing upon petition, Mr. Snet- zinger secured his seat by a majority of seven. Our subject contested the City of Ottawa for the Federal parliament, in con- junction with Dr. St. Jean, in the Liberal interest in 1882, Mr. McIntosh and Mr. Tasse being the Conservative candidates. Although unsuccessful, Mr. McIntyre re- ceived the largest liberal vote ever polled in that city. He was elected president of the Liberal Association of Ottawa for several consecutive terms ; and at the Provincial convention of young liberals held at Toronto in September, 1885, he was elected presi- dent of the Ontario Young Liberal Associa- tion. He has been twice elected president of the St. Andrew's Society of Ottawa. Mr. McIntyre is a Presbyterian, but he is tolerant of all creeds, and as ardent an ad- vocate of religious as of political liberty. He married in 1877, Helen, daughter of Ranald Sandfield Macdonald, of Lancaster, Glengarry. He is a Liberal in the fullest sense of the term, in English as in Canadian politics. Not now taking into account the intellectual qualities of Mr. McIntyre, we may speak a moment of his personal merits. To know the man is to admire and respect him, and to be at once, and for all, his friend. He has a large heart, and has not one of the little meannesses that belong to men of small character. In the words of one who has been thrown in contact with him, "he is generous, whole-souled, a warm friend who never forgets a favour; one whose character is formed on too large lines, to see with other feeling than pain, reverse come even to an enemy, and such he will have. Further, he is a man who is always averse to judging others or con- demning their faults and failings, and as a matter of judgment, he has, perhaps, too high an idea of human nature. Again, he is a liberal-minded man, a liberal in its best and broadest sense, politically, socially, or any way you take him. Both in his profes- sion and in politics he is entirely free from that jealousy of excellence in others which we so often see in public or professional life, and is capable of thoroughly appre- ciating merit of any sort, even in a hostile quarter. There is no doubt that, person- ally, he is by far the most popular man in Ottawa. That city, of course, is a great conservative stronghold, one of the standard constituences. But if it be reserved to any one to pluck the plum out of the tire, that man will surely be Mr. McIntyre. He has a very wide acquaintance, not only through Ontario, but throughout the whole of Canada. Without seeking to disparage the political opponents of our subject, we may say that Mr. McIntyre's rejection at the polls was a great pity ; and should the capital continue to remain true to its very worthy conservative representative, Mr. McIntosh, we consider it to be a duty of patriotism and of party to provide a con- stituency for Mr. McIntyre. In every way his character is the very highest, having upon it not a single blot, and we say only what every man who knows him believes, that he would confer the same adornment upon the enlarged public sphere as he has brought already to his professional and so- cial life. McRae, William Ross, Kingston, Ontario, was born in Strathpeffer, Ross- shire, Scotland, on the 14th August, 1829. His father was Thomas McRae, and his mother was Jessie Ross. The McRaes are an old Highland family, having lived in the same dwelling for 270 years. The sub- ject of this sketch was educated at the schools of Dingwall and Tain, his studies embracing the ordinary English branches. He emigrated to Canada in 1851, and set- tled in Kingston. In May, 1852, he mar- ried Margaret Isabella, daughter of Dr. Riddle, Edinburgh, Scotland. In the same year he entered the grocery business at Kingston, and has resided in that city ever since. From the very first, success seemed to wait upon his undertakings, and year by year his business grew till it has now assumed very large dimensions. But Mr. McRae has not confined his energies entirely to his mercantile concerns, but has taken a foremost place in the promotion of important public enterprises. He was at the head in establishing the Cotton mills in the City of Kingston, the Street Railway and the Car Works. He always has been a 528 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF prominent Reformer, but he has never sought office of any kind. Mr. McRae has lent every assistance in his power to his party, and is the personal friend of many of the Reform leaders, and especially of the Hon. E. Blake and Hon. Alexander Mackenzie. He is a gentleman whose opinions regarding politics is held in high respect. This year he was elected pres- ident of the Reform Association. Mr. Mc- Rae has visited his native place several times since settling in Canada, and while in England purchased equipment for the King- ston Cotton mill. He is a member of the Presbyterian faith, and a man whose char- acter stands the very highest for integrity. Residence in Canada has not dampened his enthusiasm for his native land, for he is, above all other things, a Scotchman. He has a family of five boys and two girls living. Barker, Captain Peter McGill, Barrister, Orangeville, was born at Mark- ham. Ontario, in September, 1843. He is a son of Archd. Barker and Elizabeth Muller. Archd. Barker was a native of Dumfries- shire, Scotland, and came to this country in 1829, settling in Markham, where he mar- ried. The Muller family was German, and came from Maryland to Canada. Archibald Barker was an uncompromising party man ; was engaged during the rebellion in de- fending Toronto, being intimately known to the older residents of that city. He was a member of the York Pioneers, and con- tested East York in 1854. He was a staunch Presbyterian, and a member of the Board of Trustees of Queen's College. Peter McGill Barker was educated at the Markham com- mon and high schools ; subsequently enter- ing Toronto University, from which he grad- uated in 1866. He then entered upon the study of law with Mr. Roaf, at Toronto, and was admitted in 1869, commencing the practice of his profession shortly afterwards at Orangeville, where he has since continued. In 1879 he received his commission as captain in the 36th battalion, and he has always taken a hearty interest in military matters. In education, too, he has interested himself with his characteristic energy, and has ser- ved as chairman of the High School Board at Orangeville for two years. He is clerk of the town ; solicitor for the County of Dufferin, the township of East Garafraxa, and for several valuable estates in the aforemen- tioned county. He is a pastmaster Mason, and is prominently connected with the order of United Workmen. His religious views are those of Presbyterianism. He married in 1875, Miss Stewart, daughter of R. Stewart, of Oro. Captain Barker is described as a very capable and superior military officer, and he has that commanding dash which counts for so much in military circles. He is very active in his profession, and enjoys the reputation of fine abilities, and a wide knowledge of the law. Le Moine, James MacPherson, sixth son of Benjamin Le Moine and Julia Ann MacPherson, was born in the City of Quebec. His father, a genial and polished gentleman of the old French school, was a partner in the exporting house of Stuart & LeMoine; Mr. Stuart residing in Belfast, Ire- land, and his Canadian partner, Benjamin Le Moine, in Quebec. Reverses in trade caused the firm to suspend about 1826, and Benjamin Le Moine, previously living in af- fluence, was unable to retrieve his losses. He continued, however, to retain his old homestead, and thankfully accepted the helping hand of his wealthy father-in-law, Daniel MacPherson, seigneur of Crane Island. Mr MacPherson adopted two of the eleven children then born-Louis Duniere and James ; the latter of whom, the subject of this notice, assumed his name and was known as James Mac- Pherson Le Moine. Daniel MacPherson, born near Inverness, Scotland, had settled at an early age in Philadelphia, which he left with several other United Empire loyal- ists about 1783 to reside in Sorel, later known as Fort William Henry, a noted U.E.L. settlement. Alter marrying there a Miss M. Kelly, he removed to Douglas- town, Gaspe, also a U.E.L. settlement, where his thrift, intelligence, and success in the deep sea fisheries, brought him soon to the front and independence in fortune. In 1803 he purchased from the heirs de Beaujeu the rich and picturesque seigniory of He aux Grues and He aux Oies, etc., where he spent twenty-six years of his life. This early home of the historian, with its Scotch teachings of industry and self-reli- ance, together with the healthy example of the venerable Mr. MacPherson, who closed his career at St. Thomas, at the age of eighty- seven years, seems to have ever remained uppermost in the mind and remembrance of the subject of this sketch, and to have tinc- tured his views in after life. The paternal ancestor of Mr. Le Moine hails from old France ; the Le Moine or Le Moyne family -for the name is spelled among the de- scendants both ways-is one of the oldest and most distinguished in the colony from its dawn. Jean LeMoyne, the progenitor, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 529 was a son of Louis Le Moyne, and was born at Pitres, near Rouen, in Normandy, in 1634. Jean Le Moyne, a near relative of Charles Le Moyne, or Le Moine, of St. Remi, close to Rouen, was a man of im- portance in his day ; he figures in old titles as the seigneur of three fiefs or seigneuries-La Noraie, Ste. Marie, and Gatineau. He held land near Three Rivers, and owned an island-" 1'Ile des Pins" - the island of pines, which furnished him the addition to his name. He was called Le Moine des Pine to distinguish him prob- ably from his illustrious and warlike rela- tive, Charles Le Moine de Longueuil,who be- came Baron de Longueuil, and who on two occasions acted as governor of Canada. The Abbe Verreau, in his work " LTnvasion du Canada," in 1775, exhibits a descendant of Jean Le Moyne, styled Jean Baptiste Le Moine des Pine, as a sturdy volunteer of Montreal, repelling manfully the invader of the soil in November, 1775. He was, however, taken prisoner by Montgom- ery's continentals, at Longueuil, carried across the border, and underwent a protracted captivity, Congress refusing to exchange him, " as he was of too much im- portance," it was alleged, " in his own coun- try. " His health was ruined by his captivity; his wealth dissipated by the upheavings of the invasion. The warlike old gentilhomme, too proud to sue for indemnity from the British government for the losses incurred in upholding the standard of Britain, closed his long career, near Quebec in 1807. Young James Le Moine remained under the protective roof of his grandfather at St. Thomas until August, 1838, when he was sent to the Petit Seminaire de Quebec for his collegiate course. This seat of learning he left in 1815, after studying Belles Lettres under an accomplished French ecclesiastique from the college of Saint Stanislas, at Paris -the Abbe Bouchy ; whilst the present Archbishop Taschereau, then a professor, taught him moral philosophy, and Bishops Langevin and Racine, also then professors at the seminary, taught Mr. Le Moine the elements of French literature and the higher branches of mathematics. Young Le Moine left college in 1845 ; was indentured for four years as a law student to the Hon. Judge J. N. Bosse, at that time one of the leading barristers at the Quebec bar. In 1850 our subject's name was added to the roll of practising barristers ; and he continued to practice at the bar for four years, when, in 1854, he became a partner of the law firm of Kerr & Le Moine, and continued so for sev- eral years. Mr. Kerr, an English barrister of marked ability, who stands in the front rank of his profession in Montreal, and was recently elected batonnier (president) of the Montreal bar. Mr. Le Moine has also occu- pied for years the highest position for the Province of Quebec, in the Inland Revenue. In 1856 he married Harriet Mary Atkinson, a niece of the late Henry Atkinson, of Spencer Wood, and later of Spencer Grange (the smaller half of Spencer Wood), sold to Mt. LeMoine in 1860. Mr. Le Moine has no sons ; but two daughters were born to him-the youngest, Sophia A. LeMoine, is the wife of F. B. F. Rhodes, a son of Lt.- Colonel W. Rhodes, of Benmore, Sillery. It is with Spencer Grange, a charming old country-seat, under whose hospitable roof nearly every literary lion of Canada has sat, that the career of this writer is identified. When the late Dean Stanley visited Quebec, the guest of the governor- general, the Earl of Dufferin, at the cit- adel, his excellency intrusted the dean to the historian of Quebec for guidance and information during his ramble. H.R H. the Princess Louise and her husband, the Marquis of Lome, were pleased also to enlist the services of Mr. Le Moine for a similar duty. One of the first additions on assuming possession of Spencer Grange was the erection of an aviary for live birds and a museum for specimens immortalized by the taxidermist's art. Here also are gathered together a valuable collection of books, cu- rios, etc., relating to Canadian history, MSS, plans, inscriptions, views of ancient build- ings, antiquarian relics, etc. The library, without being very extensive, contains many rare and standard works, and innumerable presentation copies from Canadian authors. One of the attractions in September is the show of grapes in the extensive vineries. Our author has made the culture of the vine a specialty. This has been the means for him of preparing each year, amidst flowers, birds, books, etc., in September, for his literary and other friends, what they style the annual graj>e festival, in a delightful symposium under the shadow of the luscious fruit, at which many of the choice spirits of the old capital and neighbourhood congre- gate, and in which the writer of these lines, in 1865, recollects to have met George Augustus Sala ; the historians Garneau and Ferland; Professor H. LaRue, of Laval University ; the late lieutenant-governor of Manitoba-the Hon. Jos. Cauchon, then a leading journalist; J. C. Tasche. and others. Mr. Le Moine .was five times re-elected by 530 A CYCLOPEDIA OF acclamation president of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec : selected by His Excellency the Marquis of Lome to pre- side over the first section of the Royal So- ciety of Canada, and unanimously elected by the section as its first president. He is the bearer of numerous diplomas from American Historical societies, and delegue regional of the Ethnographical Society of France, membre libre de la societe d'Ameri- canisme, France. Mr. LeMoine has, for several years past been a lieutenant-colonel in the sedentary militia, having met with rapid promotion on account of the earnest interest he took in preparing, like his fore- fathers, to repel the invader, when the Trent affair threatened to summon Canada's sons to arms. lu 1881 he was permitted to enjoy a much needed rest from long official routine, and devoted a few months to travel abroad, visiting the cities and rural districts of old England, Ireland, Scotland, France, and Belgium. He brought back to his be- loved Canada an ample store of knowledge, anecdote and reminiscences of every kind, which for some years, afforded him material for most delightful and instructive lectures before the Literary and Historical Society, over which he then presided. True to his double origin, it seemed hard to decide at times which was with him the more power- ful charmer, " Old Embro," or La Belle France. Two subjects appear to have en- grossed his leisure hours-for his has ever been a busy professional or official life,- namely : Canadian history and popular orni- thology. He has had the good fortune to handle Canadian history and its burning questions of creed, race, etc., with so much impartiality that rarely have his views been challenged. His style is clear-cut, direct, and easy, but sometimes it is brusque. Not unfrequently impassioned, now and then it is marked with traces of his double ori- gin ; this frequently adds to the piquancy of the narrative. One wonders how and when he can have found time to treat of so many subjects ; one also occasionally regrets the absence of that indispensable auxiliary to the scholar-a good proof-reader. Hos- pitable, genial, and courteous, he is repected for his talents, and beloved for his large heart. We subjoin a list of his writings :- ENGLISH. Legendary Lore of the Lower St. Lawrence (1 vol. in 32mo) 1862 Maple Leaves (1st Series) (1 vol. in 8vo).... 1863 " " (2nd Series) (1 vol. in 8vo).... 1864 " " (3rd Series) (1 vol. in 8vo).... 1865 The Tourist's Note Book (1 vol. in 64mo), by Cosmopolite 1870 The Sword of Brigadier General R. Mont- gomery (A. Memoir) (1 vol. in 64mo).... 1879 Jottings from Canadian History (Stewart's Quarterly) 1871 Trifles from my portfolio (New Dominion Monthly) 1872 Maple Leaves (New Series)1873 Quebec : Past and Present 1876 The Tourist's Note Book (second edition) .. 1876 Chronicles of the St. Lawrence (1 vol. in 8vo) 1878 The Scot in New France, a lecture before Lit. & Hist. Society 1880 Picturesque Quebec (1 vol. in 8vo), 551 pages, 1882 FRENCH. L'Ornithologie du Canada (2 vol. in 8vo).... 1860 Etude sur les Navigateurs Arctiques, Franklin, McClure, Kane, McClintock, 1862 Etude sur Sir Walter Scott 1862 Les Pecheries du Canada (1 vol. in 8vo).... 1863 Memoire de Montcalm Vengee (1 vol. 32mo) 1865 L'Album Canadien (1 vol. in 8vo)1870 L'Album du Touriste (1 vol. in 8vo) 1872 Notes Historiques sur les Fortifications et le Rues de Quebec, etc. 1874 Conference sur 1'Ornithologie, lue devant 1'Institut Canadien de Qudbec(Annwatre de V Institut) 1874 Coup-d'CEil General sur 1'Ornithologie de 1'Amerique du Nord, etude lue devant 1'Institut Canadien de Quebec (Annu- aire de 1'Institut) 1875 Etude sur le Chant des Oiseaux-leurs mi- grations, etc. Nos Grives, notre Merle ; le Cardinal, 1'Oiseau Bleu, etc. (Opinion Publique, Montreal)1876 Grand Tableau Synbptique des Oiseaux du Canada pour 1'usage des Colleges, Socid- tes d'Histoire Naturelie, etc 1877 Notes sur 1'Archdologie, 1'Historie, du Canada, etc., dans la Revue Canadienne de Montreal, et les Soirees Canadiennes de Quebec, dans la presse francaise de Qudbec (le Journal de Quebec, I'Evene- ment, etc.) 1865-1882 Monographies and Esquisses (500pp) 1885 Ross, Hon. Alex. M., Lieutenant- Colonel, M.P.P., for West Huron, and Trea- surer in the Government of Ontario, Gode- rich, was born at Dundee, Scotland, on the 2nd of April, 1829. He is a son of Colin and Elizabeth (McLogan) Ross, both of whom were relatives of Dundee. Colin Ross came to Canada, settling in Goderich, in 1833 ; and his wife and family followed the ensuing year. Here Mr. Ross, senior, who had been in a Linen Company's Bank, in Scotland, began mercantile pursuits, and continued in the same for several years. He died in 1850, and his wife followed in 1878. Alexander was sent to the common schools at Goderich. His parents held the view that this was above all things a " working country," and that therefore every young man should have a skilled equipment for labour. In deference to the theory, they set their son, Alexander, when in his four- teenth year, to learn the trade of carpen- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 531 ter. At this occupation he remained till his twentieth year, when he entered the Bank of Upper Canada as clerk, in which institution he remained until 1856. He then received the appointment of paymaster on the Buffalo & Lake Huron Railway, under construction, remaining in this office till the completion of the road two years later. In June, 1858, he was appointed treasurer of the county ; and while in this position gave evidence of possessing accurate financial knowledge and very capable business qualities. He held this position for twenty-five years, resigning in 1883, on his appointment as Provincial Treasurer. An agency of the Royal Cana- dian Bank was opened at Goderich in 1866 ; and to its management Colonel Ross was appointed, holding that position until 1869, when the bank wound up its affairs. In 1870 the Bank of Commerce took up the vacancy created by the closing of the Royal Canadian, and requested Col. Ross to take its management, which he did. filling that position with marked ability till 1883. At the time of the Trent affiair, 1861-2, when war looked imminent between the United States and Great Britain, Colonel Ross organized an artillery company at Goder- ich, and was appointed captain of the same. For several months, during 1866, the year of the Fenian Raid, he was with his company on frontier service. In the autumn of the last mentioned year, the various volunteer companies in the county were organized in- to a battalion, of which Captain Ross was appointed lieutenant-colonel. This rank he still holds. In 1869 he commanded the gunboat Prince Alfred on frontier service on the Detroit River. In 1875 he was first elected for West Huron, to the Ontario leg- islature. In June, 1879, he was elected by a largely increased majority. In the general election of 1883, he was once again returned for his old seat ; and on November 1st, was admitted to the government, as Provincial treasurer, in the administration of the Hon. Oliver Mowat, being re-elected by acclama- rion. Colonel Ross belongs to the Church of England, and St. George's church, at Goderich, is a frequent recipient of his bounty, but to all benevolent organizations and worthy movements he lends his aid, where the opportunity exists for him to do so. He married in November, 1852, Ag- nes, daughter of Thomas Kydd, formerly postmaster at Goderich ; and by this lady he has had seven children, all of whom are living. The eldest, Helen, married H. W. C. Meyer, barrister, of Wingham. In pri- vate life Lieutenant-Colonel Ross is an ideal gentleman. He is warm and sincere in his friendships, courteous in his manners, and kindly in all his relations. This is much to be able to say of the private character of a man ; and we can speak in the same appre- ciative strain respecting his public career. His appointment to the Executive met with hearty approval ; and the tongue of opposi- tion had little censure to bestow. Hon. Mr. Ross is a strong man, because he is prudent, far-seeing, practical and well informed ; and in times of confusion or hurry, he may be relied upon to be cool, and ready to deliver wise, calm counsels. Above all things, the Hon. Mr. Ross is a man of the highest per- sonal honour. Taillon, Hon. Louis Olivier, Bar- rister-at-law, M.P.P. and Attorney-Gen- eral in the Ross administration, Quebec, was born at Terrebonne, on the 26th Sep- tember, 1840, and is a son of Aime Tail- lon and Marie Joseplite Daunais. The Taillon family were early settlers at Terre- bonne. Louis Olivier was educated at Mas- son College, studied law in Montreal with the firm of Fabre, Lesage and Jette, and with Desire Girouard, M.P. In 1865 he was called to the bar of Montreal, and estab- lished himself in practice at that city in the following year. He still resides there, and has been in partnership with S. Rivard and with the Hon. F. X. A. Trudel, but he is now associated with S. Pagnuelo. He was nominated Q.C. by the Federal government on the 23rd January, 1882; was elected deputy of the electoral district of Montreal East to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec on the 7th of July, 1875, at the general elec- tion, and re-elected at the general elections of 1878 and 1881. He was chosen speaker of the Legislative Assembly the 8th of March, 1882, at the opening of Parliament. He occupied this position up to the 23rd of January, 1884, when he was made attorney- general in the Ross administration, after which he was elected by acclamation. He married, on the 14th of July, 1875, Marie Louise Georgina Archambault, widow of Candide Bruneau, and second daughter of the Hon. P. U. Archambault, of L'Assomp- tion. Madame Taillon died 24th of Janu- ary, 1876. M. Taillon was one of the promoters of the great French-Canadian national demonstration, which took place at Montreal in June, 1874, the occasion be- ing the festival of St. Jean Baptiste, when more than fifty thousand people were pre- sent, comprising persons from all parts of the United States, as well as the British North American provinces. M. Taillon 532 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF and his co-workers received widespread pro- vincial applause for the success with which they organized the fcite. It goes without saying that this distinguished gentleman is a Conservative and a Roman catholic. As a politician he is brilliant, far-seeing and able, and as attorney-general has distin- guished himself by peculiar fitness for the office. Kingsmill, Thomas Frazer, Belle- vue Park, London, Canada, was born at Templemore, County Tipperary, Ireland, on April 6, 1840. He is the eldest son of Thomas Kingsmill, merchant, of that town, by Mary, third daughter of Robert Jrazer, gentleman, of Donaclogan, Donaghmore, of Queen's county. The ancestors of Mr. Frazer left Scotland with the Stuarts, whose cause they warmly espoused. Our subject's father dying when he was a mere child, he was early removed from school and appren- ticed to the dry goods business with his aunt, Mrs. William Roe, Mountheath. Here he obtained a general and thorough knowledge of commercial life, for which he displayed a peculiar aptitude. He married, in 1858, Anne, youngest daughter of An- drew Ardagh, one of the Waterford Ar- daghs, a family largely represented in Canada. Shortly after this he accepted a position in a shipping house of Savanah, Georgia, but not considering the climate a healthy one for his family, he decided on removing to Canada, and came to Toronto in July, 1858, getting employment in the establishment of W. A. Murray & Co, with whom he remained for several years, leav- ing to take charge of the woollen depart- ment for John Macdonald & Co. Here he remained only a short time, being induced to re-enter the employment of W. A. Mur- ray & Co. as manager of the London branch. He remained with the firm until the with- drawal of their business. Shortly after- wards he opened an establishment in his own name, on a small scale, but gradually added branch after branch, as his success warranted, until it has reached its present proportions, having become one of the largest carpet warehouses in the Dominion in connection with the general dry goods and manufacturing business. To supply the demands of his trade, Mr. Kingsmill visits the British and continental markets twice yearly. At the time of the Trent affair he joined the home guards, which was afterwards amalgamated with the Queen's Own, belonging to No. 2 Merchants, or Captain Murray's company, continuing until his removal to London. In 1872 he was elected to the office of aiderman of the City of London, but finding that devotion to municipal affairs led to neglect of busi- ness, he determined after a year's trial to confine himself entirely to private life. The same reason has kept him from joining secret societies of any kind and from taking any prominent part in politics, though he has always been a consistent Conservative and a member of the Liberal Conservative association. While a member of the city council he strongly advocated the building of iron bridges with stone abutments, in- stead of the wooden structures then univer- sally in use. It was resolved to try the new style of bridge at Blackfriars, and the result has been that the improvements have been adopted on all the approaches to the city except one. The water-works scheme, boulevards, and other improvements, were also agitated that year, and received his hearty support at the council, as they have since done in his private capacity. He is a member of the Church of England by edu- cation and conviction. Sewery, Henry, Barrie, Ontario, was born in 1835, at Stamford, County of Wel- land. He came to Barrie about 1855, and after a short time engaged in the manufac- ture of wooden pumps. He had not any friends or acquaintances, and what was worse, any capital; but he had great cour- age, untiring industry, and above all an am- bition to succeed. He remained for two years engaged in the manufacture of pumps, after which he turned his attention to the manu- facture of stoves, etc., in a wooden building on the same site as his present large and commodious brick structure now stands. About thirteen years ago his stove works were destroyed by fire with all the plant, pat- terns, etc., he thereby sustaining a large loss. Nothing daunted, however, he started and built up the present building of brick, with a frontage of 300 feet, three stories high, and has with great energy and many trials, succeded in establishing a business second to none in the County of Simcoe. His business is the manufacture of mill machinery, lath machines, etc.; and the rep- utation of his business house is second to none. When in full running order, his establishment employs over one hundred hands. He has represented the town of Barrie, as mayor, for the last five years, and has acted as chief magistrate with marked ability and good common sense. Tn religion he has been a consistant mem- ber of the Canada Methodist Church, and in politics he is a Liberal. In his business CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 533 dealings and in private life, his character is above reproach. He, last year, sus- tained a blow in the loss of his wife, who was a very worthy woman. She died, after a lingering illness, leaving a familly of three boys, all of whom are industrious and of correct habits. We may add that Mr. Sewery received his qualifications for the mayor's chair by an experience in municipal work. Over twenty years ago he held a seat in the county council ; and has represented Barrie as councillor and as deputy reeve and reeve. His career in civic and muni- cipal politics has been one marked by sound business qualities ; and his character is above the slightest taint of reproach. In the best sense of the word, may this gentleman be called a representative Canadian. Hamel, Very Rev. Thos. Etienne, Master of Arts, Member of the Royal So- ciety of Canada; Vicar-General of the Arch- diocese of Quebec and Toronto, and of the dioceses of Rimouski, Sherbrooke and Chi- coutimi, Titulary Professor of the Univer- sity of Laval, Rector of the latter institu- tion, and Superior of the Seminary of Que- bec, was born at Quebec, on the 28th De- cember, 1830. His father was Victor Hamel, merchant, and his mother was Therese De Foy. Our distinguished subject received his early educational instruction at the elementary schools in Quebec, attending there from his sixth to his tenth year. As a lad, he is said to have evinced an unusual capacity for acquiring tasks set, and gave his friends grounds to hope much for his future. In 1840, being then in his tenth year, he entered the Petit Sem- inary of Quebec, where his course, besides the ordinary branches, consisted of the study of literature and science. The in- tellectual qualities revealed by the lad in the elementary school were now strongly manifested, and his career at the seminary was a very successful one. His mind had always been of a serious bent, and at col- lege subjects of seriousness or utility chiefly attracted his enthusiasm. For the study of agriculture scientifically, he had much ap- titude, and great inclination. At the close of his studies, feeling that he had a vocation for the ministry, he entered the Theological seminary at Quebec, beginning his course in September. While pursuing his studies in this seminary, he was employed in Le Petit Seminaire, having charge of a literary class during one year, and over classes in physics and mathematics he presided for three years. His theological studies were conducted with close application and with zeal, and the work of the student here still further ratified the fair promise of his early youth. On the 8th of January, 1854, he was ordained priest; and in the month of August of the same year, he took a passage for Europe, where he had decided upon a still further course of scientific study. The institution chosen for the young priest was the Ecole des Carmes at Paris, and here Father Hamel remained for a period of four years. In the scientific course of Sorboune he obtained the grade of Licencie of mathe- matical science. Upon his return from Eu- rope, in 1858, he was given charge of the chair of physics in the University of Laval; and he likewise took charge of the classes in astronomy, mineralogy and geology in Le Petit Seminaire of Quebec. In 1859 he was nominated tibulary professor of the Arts faculty in Laval, and he likewise became secretary of that university. In 1871, on the occasion of Mgr. Taschereau's elevation to the archbishopric of Quebec, M. Hamel was designated his successor, with the posi- tion of superior of the seminary of Quebec, and ex officio rector of the University of Laval. The office of superior of the Quebec seminary he retained for nine years ; and he was again re-elected to his old position in 1883. We may say also that this distin- guished divine had been appointed vicar- general of the Arch-diocese of Quebec in 1871. He was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancemont of Science in 1870 ; a member of the Royal Society of Canada, section III., and is (1886) vice-president of that society. He went to Europe in 1852 to accompany the very Rev. Mon. L. J. Casault, on the occasion of his visit to London and to Rome solicit- ing aid towards the establishment of the University of Laval. The voyage lasted five months. From 1854 to 1858 our dis- tinguished and pious subject resided in Paris, where he pursued scientific studies. In 1872, and again in 1881, he proceeded to Rome to defend the interests of the Univer- sity of Laval. The very Rev. Mon. Hamel was born and bred in the Catholic faith, of which he is a distinguished ornament. Jones, Charles Jerome, B.A., Chief Clerk in the office of the Governor-General, Ottawa, was born at Port Hope in 1848. He received his early educational instruction at private schools, and then entered the Badge- ly school, before that institution was re- moved to Port Hope, and became Trinity College school. In due time he matriculated at the University of Trinity College, gradu- ating therefrom in October, 1868. Having 534 A CYCLOPEDIA OF attained his degree, his father was desirous that he should study law, but for the legal profession he had a strong distaste, and went instead to Texas, where he engaged in cattle ranching for five years. While riding across the plains his horse fell, and a pistol which he carried in his belt was discharged, the bullet entering his ankle. This accident has caused a slight lameness in his step. On the 1st July, 1875, he entered the Governor- General's office, and on July 1st, 1883, suc- ceeded the late Colonel Stewart as chief clerk in the office of the Governor-General. His father, the late Ralph Jones, died of paralysis at Ottawa, in March, 1884.. The deceased was the eldest son of Mr. Alpheus Jones, of Prescott, and belonged to a family who have borne a prominent part in the development of this province. He was a nephew of Mr. Justice Jones, who occupied a foremost place in the first judiciary of Upper Canada, and whose son, Mr. Ford Jones, of Gananoque, was for many years a member of parliament. Martyn, John Piper, Banker and Broker, St. Thomas, Ontario, was born in the town of Beaud, Cornwall, England, on the 17th June, 1831. He is a son of John Martyn, who devoted himself to farming in Cornwall, and emigrated with his family in 1849, to Canada, settling in the township of Yarmouth, Elgin county, Ontario. His mother was Mary, daughter of Edward Piper, of Devonshire. Shortly after the arrival of John Martyn, he was taken ill and died, leaving his wife and two sons. John Piper was the youngest, and his brother James is now a prominent architect in London, England. After her husband's death, Mrs. Martyn resided with her son, the subject of this sketch, who had settled on a farm in the same township, and with him she remained till her death, which oc- curred in 1870, she then having reached the well-rounded age of 87 years. But to glance retrospectively at the career of our subject. He received a careful and comprehensive educational training in schools at Exeter, England, and obtaining a diploma, engaged in the work of teaching in the national schools of his native town. In 1849 here- signed his appointment, and sailed for Canada, entering the Normal school at To- ronto. He was now in his twenty-first year, and took away from the Normal school a first-class professional certificate. Imme- diately he began to teach school in the town- ship of Yarmouth, and continued so em- ployed till 1866, when he gave up the profession and went upon the farm, giving his entire attention to the cultivation of the same. However, in 1868, he went to the town of Strathroy, where he opened a bankers and broker's office, and conducted the same business until 1870, when he re- moved to St. Thomas, in which city he began a similar business. He has now built up a large and profitable business, dealing in all kinds of negotiable paper, lands, etc., also having, in connection with these operations, insurance and other pro- jects. In 1869, Mr. Martyn was appointed a justice of the peace, and was a school trustee during several terms for the town- ship of Yarmouth. In 1877 he was elected to the town council of St. Thomas, and held the position during the years of 1878-79 and 1880 ; and upon the town being incorporated in 1881 as a city, he was one of the first aidermen elected. He was re-elected for the years 1882,1883,1884 and 1885, and this year (1885) is chairman of the finance committee. We might say that Mr. Martyn was one of the first promoters of the measure of the town's incorporation, and has alwaj s taken a warm interest in its welfare. He was the first officer appointed for the St. Thomas and Aylmer Gravel Road Company ; he also or- ganized and was the first manager of the South-Western Farmers and Mechanics' Loan Company, of St. Thomas, and this position he held for two years, when he re- tired. He is likewise a shareholder and director of the Star Loan Company, of St. Thomas ; and is one of the largest stockhold- ers in, and also a director of, the St. Thomas Street Railway Company. He is connected with various other important enterprises, and was one of the chief organizers of the Bronze Monument Company, and likewise of the Elgin Silver Mining Company, at Lake Superior, which promises, in time, to be one of the most valuable mineral pro- perties in the Dominion. Mr. Martyn is manager and secretary of the Ontario Mutual Provident Society, incorporated in 1884 ; and he is a member of the order of Oddfellows. He has been president of the East Elgin Conservative Association for ten years, and is one of the most prominent party men in St. Thomas. He is a member of the Church of England, and a warden of St. John's church. He married in 1852, Hannah Mann, daughter of the late Noah Mann, of the township of Yarmouth, Elgin, one of the most prominent farmers of his time, who died in 1881. Mr. Martyn has eight children, Richard and Edmund hold- ing responsible positions in the United States. Besides Mr. Martyn's extensive CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 535 business associations in Ontario, he has large interests in the North-West, hold- ing thousands of acres of land in that terri- tory. Although exactingly just in his busi- ness transactions, Mr. Martyn is known to possess a most kindly heart, and to be ready with generous aid for worthy purposes. He has a beautiful farm of 400 acres, situate about ten miles from St. Thomas, and atten- tion to this property takes a considerable portion of his time. Henderson, James Alexander, Q.C., D.C.L., Master of the Supreme Court of Judicature, at the City of Kingston, and eldest and only surviving son of the late Captain James Henderson, Royal navy, who died on service at Rio Janiero, South America, was born in February, 1821, at Stoke, near Plymouth, Devonshire, Eng- land. He was educated at a private school, and came to Canada in 1835. He completed his education at Upper Canada College, Toronto. He comes of a family which was able to assert that for several generations it had continuously sent forth men who be- came distinguished officers in the Royal navy. James Alexander Henderson em- braced a learned profession, and studied law at Kingston, with the late Honourable John S. Cartwright, and at Toronto, with the late Honourable Robert Baldwin, Chief Justice Adam Wilson, being then Mr. Baldwin's partner. He was called to the bar in 1843, and has successfully practised his profession in Kingston since that date. Entering into partnership with the late Sir Henry Smith, he continued in the same until the death of the latter in 1868. He has, we may state, been master in Chancery since 1851. Mr. Henderson was elected a bencher of the Law Society in 1858. He is a staunch Conserva- tive, but he has never entered on active political life, for he has chosen to give his entire time and attention to the practice of his profession. In December, 1862, he was appointed chancellor of the di >cese of On- tario (being a prominent member of the Church of England), and has ever been an active and zealous member of the synod of that diocese. The University of Trinity College, Toronto, in 1863 conferred on him the degree of doctor of civil law, and he is a member of the council of that university. He is a Queen's counsel appointed by the Dominion government, and subsequently by the Ontario government. As an ensign in the third regiment of Frontenac militia, he was present with a detachment of that regiment at the battle of the Windmill, near Prescott, in 1838, and is now the lieu- tenant-colonel of the reserve militia, the City of Kingston regiment. In 1879 he was elected most worshipful grand master of the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of Canada, and by an almost unanimous vote, was re-elected in 1880. In July 1882 His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, conferred on him the dis- tinguished order of knight grand cross of the temple, and he now holds the position of deputy grand master of the Sovereign Grand Priory, Knights Templars of Canada. He has been instrumental in the formation and successful carrying out of several com- panies of public and general benefit, and for many years past has been and still is, presi- dent of the Frontenac Loan and Investment Society ; of the City of Kingston Gaslight Company, and is the chairman of the Catara- qui Cemetery Company. In 1845 he married Mary Ann, eldest daughter of the late Wil- liam Wilson, of Newcourt, near Kingston, by whom he has living seven daughters and one son. Five of the daughters are married : the eldest,Emily Anne, is the wife of Richard T. Walkem, Q.C., of Kingston ; Helen Maud, the wife of S. W. Farrell, of Winnipeg ; Annie Howton is the wife of the Rev. E. P. Crawford, M.A., rector of Trinity Church, Brookville; Harriett Edith is the wife of Albert E. Richards, barrister, Winnipeg ; and Mary Louise is the wife of Captain Drury, A battery, regiment of Canadian artillery, Kingston. The residence of Mr. Henderson is the Chestnuts, Kingston. II<>wilt, Rev. John B, M.A., D.D., Professor of Hebrew, Chaldee and Old Tes- tament Exegesis, Queen's University, Kings- ton, was born in the latter city in the year 1825. He is a son of the late John Mowat, Canisbay, Caithness-shire, Scotland, who, when a young man, joined the army and served through the Peninsular war. In 1816 he came to Canada and settled in Kingston. He married shortly afterwards, Helen Le- vack, also of Caithness, this lady having crossed the ocean to link her fortunes with the soldier of the Peninsula. The fruit of this happy union was five children, three boys and two girls, one of the brothers be- ing the Hon. Oliver Mowat, premier and attorney-general of the Province of Ontario. [For further details see sketch of the Hon. Oliver Mowat, elsewhere in these pages.] John B. Mowat graduated in arts in 1845, and took two sessions in theology at Queen's University, Kingston. After taking two sessions of his theological course at Queen's he proceeded to Edinburgh, Scotland, where he attended two sessions in arts and theology 536 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF at the University of that city, and received the degree of D.D. from the University of Glasgow, in 1883. He became assistant to the Rev. Dr. Machar, in St. Andrew's Church, Kingston, in 1848; was called to the pastor- ate of St. Andrew's Church at Niagara, in 1850 ; and was appointed in 1857 professor of Hebrew, Chaldee and Cid Testament Ex- egesis at Queen's University, Kingston. In 1855 he married the eldest daughter of the late Rev. Dr. McGill, minister of St. Paul's Church, Montreal, but this lady died in 1856. He married again in 1860, the second daughter of the Hon. John McDonald, of Gananoque. Morris, Hon. Alexander, D.C.L., Q.C., P.O., Toronto, was born at Perth, Upper Canada (Ontario), on the 17th March, 1826. He is the eldest son of the late Hon. William Morris, whose figure stands conspic- uous among those who agitated the country on the clergy reserves and school land ques- tions. He is a nephew of the late Hon. James Morris, who was postmaster-general in the Baldwin-Lafontaine administration, and receiver-general in the Sandfield Mac- donald-Sicotte ministry. Alexander, when a boy, attended the Perth Grammar school; and when his course here was ended his father sent him to Scotland, where he en- tered Madras College of St. Andrews. Thence he was transferred to the University of Glasgow, where he spent a year, when he returned to Canada. He began commercial pursuits, entering the establishment of Thorne & He ward, commission merchants, of Montreal. He had not much taste for commercial life, however, and three years after was articled as a student-at-law in the office of Mr. (now Sir) John Macdonald, at Kingston. He studied here with marked diligence, indeed, so close was his applica- tion that his health gave way, and he was obliged to relinquish work for a few months. Proceeding to Montreal, he entered the Uni- versity of McGill College, and from that in- stitution took successively the degrees of B.A., M.A.,B.C.L., and D.C.L. He was the first graduate in the arts course of that institution, and was subsequently elected by the graduates one of the first fellows in arts, and thence was promoted to be one of the governors of the university. He entered the law office of Attorney-General Badgely, and was called to the bar of Upper Canada in Hilary Term, 1851. The late Hon. John Ross, then attorney-general, offered to ad- mit Mr. Morris to partnership, but family reasons made it necessary that he should go to Montreal. Presenting his diploma as an Upper Canadian barrister, he was upon examination admitted to the bar of Lower Canada. In November of the same year he married Margaret, daughter of the late Wil- liam Cline, of Cornwall, and niece of the late Hon. Philip Van Koughnet, of the same place. He at once entered upon the prac- tice of his profession at Montreal, where his resolute industry, the soundness and the extent of his legal attainments, and above all, his natural brilliancy, soon gave him a conspicuous place in his profession. A short time afterwards he entered into partnership with the present Mr. Justice Torrance, who had been a foremost authority on commer- cial law. In politics Mr. Morris was a Con- servative, and when he entered the public field it was to champion the cause and affirm the principles maintained by his father. In 1861 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for South Lanark, which constit- uency his father had represented for twenty years. When he appeared upon the political scene, the question of representation by population agitated the country, George Brown and others being loud in their advo- cacy of the same, the Conservatives holding back, declaring the time was not yet ripe for the adoption of such a plan. Alexander Morris opposed the scheme, affirming that its adoption would not solve the difficulties sought to be removed ; but most enthusias- tically did he enter into the scheme for con- federation, claiming that this was the only expedient in which all disturbing questions might be merged and extinguished. He was one of the chief promoters of the coalition between Attorney-General Macdonald and George Brown ; and in 1869 was chosen, by virtue of his special acquirement, and his wide political equipment, to the portfolio of Inland Revenue. But his health soon be gan to fail him, and in July, 1872, he was appointed chief justice of the Court of Queen's Bench for Manitoba. The new judge had to make a complete judicial or- ganization of the judiciary, establishing the English practice ; for hitherto the highest tribunal of justice had been a quarterly court, established under the Hudson Bay Company's charter ; and this court had a somewhat primitive way of doing business. But on the 2nd of December of the same year that he went upon the bench he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Mani- toba and the North-West Territories. When Keewatin became a district, he was appoint- ed lieutenant-governor ex officio. He like- wise became chief superintendent of Indian affairs in the Manitoba superintendency, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 537 and one of the special commissioners for making treaties three, four, five and six ; and the revision of treaties one and two, in the making of which he acted as presi- dent and chief speaker. His tact, good judgment, and winning ways produced most important results in dealing with the tribes; and as lieutenant-governor of Manitoba he did a vast deal towards the promotion of settlement in the province and the im- provement of its legislative condition. When his five years term in the guberna- torial chair was ended, he returned to his residence at Perth, Ontario. In 1878 he was defeated by nine votes for the represen- tation of Selkirk, Manitoba ; but about two months afterwards he was elected for East Toronto to the Ontario legislature. On the 5th of June following he was elected for the same constituency, defeating Hon. Oliver Mowat by a majority of fifty-seven votes ; and he has continued to represent that con- stituency since. The Hon. Alexander Mor- ris was called to the Manitoba bar in Octo- ber, 1872 ; appointed a Q.C. by the govern- ment of Ontario, March 13th, 1876 ; and by the Dominion government, August 13th, 1881. He has been president of the St. An- drews' Society, Montreal ; a governor of the University of McGill College ; and is chair- man of the Board of Trustees of the Uni- versity of Queen's College, Kingston. He is vice-president of the North America Life Insurance Company ; a director of the Tor- onto General Trusts Company, and of the Imperial Bank. He was recently appointed by the Government of Ontario one of the commissioners for codifying the Statutes of Ontario. He is author of Canada and her Resources," an essay, to which was awarded, in 1885, by Sir E. W. Head, then governor-general, on a reference from the Paris Exhibition Committee of Canada, in consequence of a division of opinion in the committee, the second prize ; " Nova Bri- tannia," a lecture on the extent, resources and future of British North America, pub- lished in 1858, at the request of the Mer- cantile Library Association of Montreal, in which he advocated the incorporation of the British North American provinces under one confederation ; " The Hudson's Bay and Pacific Territories," a lecture, in which he also urged the incorporation of the North- West and British Columbia under one con- federation with the older provinces of Can- ada and Acadia, and the construction of the Intercolonial and Pacific railways; "The Treaties of Canada with the Indians of the North-West," 1880; and " Nova Britan- nia," a collection of lectures and speeches connected with confederation, 1884. Hon. Alexander Morris is a lucid, forcible, and very convincing writer; and his speeches have the same qualities as his literary work. He is still vigorous, and the country may ex- pect to hear much from him yet before he quits the political scenes. Phelan, Daniel, M.A., M.D., King- ston, was born in North Gower, County of Carleton, on September 8th, 1854. His parents were John Phelan and Margaret McCarthy. His mother was a Canadian of Irish descent, and his father was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, and was an industrious and honest farmer who achieved much wealth, and died in 1883, leaving as a monu- ment of his industry one of the most mag- nificent county residences in Canada, Dun- more hall. The Phelans come of good old Irish stock of the Heremonian division of the Milesians, and are descended from Conn of the Hundred Battles, the 110th monarch of Ireland. They were formerly princes of Desies, a territory comprising the greater part of Waterford and part of Tipperary. Their estates were at an early period trans- ferred to the Le Poers and other English invaders. The name Phelan is derived from the Irish feile, hospitality, and aon, excel- lent. The subject of this sketch having all the advantages which one could desire, was educated by a private tutor at home, then at the county school near his father's resi- dence, and subsequently at La Salle Insti- tute, Toronto, under Bro. Arnold ; then he entered the University of Ottawa, where he carried off the best prizes each year. He was considered the most thorough Latin and Greek scholar of his class, and received the degree of M.A. from that institution. He also distinguished himself as an athlete, having in his possession a. number of silver cups and other trophies won by him. He studied medicine at Queen's College, where he obtained the degree of M.D. in 1877, coming out at the head of the list of gradu- ates of that year. He subsequently spent some time in Bellevue Hospital, and the Manhattan Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York. He then opened an office in King- ston, Ont., where he was at once rewarded by an excellent business, and he to-day en- joys one of the largest practices in the city. Desiring further to perfect himself for the discharge of his professional duties, he re- solved in 1882 to visit Europe and " walk " some of the famous hospitals there. He accordingly spent some time in the hospitals of London, Paris, Brussels and Dublin, dur- 538 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ing which time he diligently applied himself to the study of the cases which there came under his observation. On his return to Kingston he resumed the practice of his pro- fession, and is to-day one of its most trusted members. He is an examiner for several insurance companies ; was supervising medi- cal examiner for Canada for the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association ; was president of the St. Vincent de Paul Society, and for several years has been president of the St. Patrick Society. He has been physician to the House of Providence at Kingston for many years, a position in which he has ex- hibited that care and skill which are char- acteristic of him. He has for some years filled the chair of lecturer on physiology and histology in the Women's Medical Col- lege, Kingston, and is a member of the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec. In religion Dr. Phelan is a Roman catholic ; in politics a pronounced Reformer. He is a young man who is destined to occupy a distinguished position in the history of his country, as in addition to his professional distinction, he is of splendid physique, a graceful speaker, and a favourite in social circles. Collins, Joseph Edmund, Toronto, was born at Placentia, the capital during the French occupation, and in the early portion of the English regime, of Newfoundland, on the 22nd day of October, 1855. He is, upon his father's side, of English descent, and the eldest son of William Joseph Collins, who was at one time a leading planter in Placen- tia, by his wife Eleanor, daughter of John O'Reilly, surveyor and planter of Placentia. The family settled in the island at an early date in its colonization. The first member of the family here was Edward Collins, an officer of the staff (British army), and he married Ruth, only daughter of Governor Goodall. This governor, it may be men- tioned, succeeded to the governorship of the island shortly after the expiration of the term of Admiral Byron, grandfather of the poet. Seeing the excellent prospect to con- duct a profitable mercantile and fishery busi- ness, the governor advised his son-in-law to retire from the army and enter commerce. He did so, and obtained grants of all the grazing and meadow lands along the Brule and surrounding the town ; which granting very naturally and justly led to loud com- plaints some years afterwards among others who sought to obtain a few acres here or there, but found that it had been all dis- posed of to "the privileged family." Years later, when William IV. visited the "an- cient colony " he made a long stay in pic- turesque old Placentia, becoming the guest of " Planter Collins," as he was now called. On leaving the island his Royal Highness took with him to England Edmund Collins, an uncle of the father of the subject of this sketch, for whom he formed a strong attach- ment, and appointed him apartments during his educational course in the palace, where he remained for a considerable period. Ed- mund acquired a technical education, and entered the navy, where he was rapidly pro- moted, till he became first lieutenant in the navy. Then he returned home for a time, and as further marks of the royal favour, a captaincy, and a promise of appointment to the next governorship of the colony, reached him, but he fell ill of hasty consumption and died. Joseph Edmund Collins was educated by private tuition at Placentia, and subse- quently at St. John's. He was for two years a member of the mounted police force in St. John's, and in 1874 came to Canada. Shortly afterward he arrived in Fredericton, and entered as a student-of-law in the office of Allen & Wilson. A little later, he estab- lished the Fredericton Star newspaper, of which he was the editor for a time. Subse- quently he established the Chatham, N.B., Star. In the summer of 1881 he removed to Toronto and accepted a position on the staff of the Globe newspaper, in which em- ployment he remained for a year. He then wrote the "Life and Times of Sir John Macdonald " Canada under the Aminis- tration of Lord Lome "A Sketch of the Life of Lord Lansdowne," and other works, which were published by the Rose Pub- lishing Co., Toronto. He likewise became a contributor to the leading Canadian liter- ary periodicals; to the Century, Wide Awake, St. Nicholas, Frank Leslie's publications, Outing, Forest and Stream, and several other American and English periodicals. He married, in 1880, Gertrude Anna, sixth daughter of the late Dr. Jasper Nugent Murphy, of Fredericton, N.B. There have been issue by this marriage a son and a daughter, both of whom are dead. Edmund Collins, as he is now known, is devoted exclusively to literary work. McCarthy, Mail land, Count v Judge, Orangeville, was born at Oakley Park, near Dublin, Ireland, on the Sth May, 1838. He is a son of D'Alton and Charleszina Hope (Manners) McCarthy. The family is very old in Irish annals. His mother was born in Edinburgh, Scotland ; his grandfather was a member of the Irish bar ; and his father, who came to Canada in 1847, had CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 539 been a solicitor at Dublin. The family settled on a farm six miles from Barrie, but two years later removed to town. Here the father of Maitland McCarthy resumed his practice, continuing in the same till his death, which occurred in 1873. Mrs. Mc- Carthy is still living. There was a family of eleven children, the subject of this sketch being the fifth eldest. Maitland attended the Barrie Grammar school, concluding his studies in that institution at the early age of seventeen. He then entered the office of his father, who was at that time in partner- ship with D'Arcy Boulton, and here he re- mained until 1861, when he was admitted as an attorney. He immediately opened an office in Orangeville, where he continued to practice until 1881, in which year he was appointed County court judge of the County of Dufferin, which position he still holds. Mr. McCarthy held the position of reeve of Orangeville for four years, and that of the first mayor of the town for the year 1874. Judge McCarthy is a director, and has been president, of the Orangeville Building So- ciety. His only connection with secret societies was that with Freemasonry. Like his family, he is a staunch member of the Church of England, and has been warden of St. Mark's for several years. He married, on the 26th of November, 1866, .Jennie Frances, youngest daughter of the late Robert Cornwall Stewart, of Bond Head, in the County of Simcoe, and sister of Falkner C. Stewart, ex-warden of the County of Dufferin. There is issue by the marriage three children. Judge McCarthy is a brother of D'Alton McCarthy, Q.C., and M.P. for North Simcoe. In private life Judge McCarthy is kindly and courteous, and one who knows him well describes him as the " true type of Irish gentleman." His elevation to the judgeship gave a lustre to the local bench. Irwin, Chamberlin Arthur, M.D., Kingston, was born on the Island of Guer- nesey, English Channel, on the 23rd April, 1843. He is a son of William James Irwin, M. A., Cantab, late head-master of the Gram- mar school at Kingston, Canada, and grand- son of William Arthur Irwin of the 95th regiment. Our subject's mother was Se- lina Maria, eldest daughter of Chamberlen William Walker, LL.D., of Trinity College, Dublin. The Irwins were a very old Irish family, which lived for many generations, till 1838, on their estate known as Rox- borough, in the County of Roscommon, but in the year named, the estate was sold and passed into other hands. Capt. Wm. A. Irwin had three sons, Wm. Jas., A.M., Cantab, Queen's College ; Arthur Leighton, a wrangler and fellow of Cain's College, Cambridge, died principal of the Diocesan College, Madras. East Indies ; and Henry Offley, who took honours in mathematical tripos, Pembroke College, Cambridge, late rector of Hagley, Tasmania. Capt. Wm. Arthur Irwin, married Elizabeth Smythe, whose grandfather resided on his estate Topcroft, County Norfolk, on the borders of Suffolk, England. Our subject was ed- ucated at the Kingston Grammar school and at Queen's University, taking his medi- cal course in the latter institution. He is professor of medical jurisprudence and sanitary science in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston : was vice-president of the Ontario Medical As- sociation for 1883 ; and aiderman for the City of Kingston for the years 1885 and 1886. Dr. Irwin is a Freemason, having joined that order in 1874. In politics he is a Liberal, and in religion a member of the Church of England. We may add that he graduated from Queen's University, King- ston, in 1863, and settled down in Wolfe Island, as a practitioner in medicine. There he remained until 1880, when he removed to the City of Kingston, where he has re- sided practising his profession. Dr. Irwin is popular professionally no less than a citizen. Laurent, Very Rev. Joseph HI., Vicar-General of the Arch-diocese of Tor- onto, was born in 1'Angou, Main et Loire,. France. His parents belong to some of the old famalies of La Vendee Militaire, and took prominent parts in the war of La Vendee. He came to Toronto with Bishop de Charbannel, in 1858 ; and since that time V. G. Laurent has resided in Toronto, taking the greatest interest in the improve- ments of the city, especially in music. Hav- ing spent many years in the best conserva- toires of music in Europe, he acquired the knowledge which has made him one of the most successful leaders of church choirs in Canada. Father Laurent spent fourteen years in St. Patrick's parish, Toronto, and, by his great energy, built up a very fine church, a beautiful presbytery and commodious schools. His parishioners were very much attached to him, and saw with sorrow his removal to St. Michael's Cathedral. The Vicar-General has also laboured constantly for the last twenty-five years in the cause of education and the relief of the poor. He is- a gentleman of high intellectual gifts, and is a very effectual preacher. 540 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Bristol, Amos Samuel, M.D., was born on September 17th, 1825, on the old homestead on the front of Ernesttown, a short distance west of Bath. He is a son of Coleman and Catharine (Way) Bristol. His father was the second son of the late John Bristol, who was taken a prisoner at the surrender of General Burgoyne in the American revolutionary war, under whom he was serving as a volunteer. His mother was the second daughter of the late Samuel Way, a U. E. loyalist. His father, some time after his release, came to Canada, being among the very earliest settlers, and located on the front of Ernesttown, where he con- tinued to reside as long as he lived. Here was born our subject's father, who is in his ninety-first year. There was a family of thirteen children born there, of whom Amos Samuel was the second eldest. Our subject's grandfather had received a good education in Troy, New York, where he was born, and where his father, who was a Baptist clergy- man, lived. His grandfather's mother was a very ardent loyalist-the daughter of a British officer-and she had encouraged her son in every way to join the forces as a volunteer. There were several sons by a former marriage, all of whom took part with the colonists. The consequence, in a pe- cuniary way, was very serious to our sub- ject's grandfather-for after the war was over all the property, which was very large, on the banks of the Hudson was lost and taken by the other members of the family. The grandfather remained in the country for a long time, hoping to get some of the property, but did not succeed. He was obliged to leave the country and come to Canada. He always maintained that he ■could establish his claim to his share of the property, but his children were not so sanguine, and did not like to risk money hardly earned in endeavouring to establish a claim of such long standing. The grand- father died in 1849 in his ninetieth year. He was a man of varied and extensive reading, and one of the best conversational- ists that one might chance to meet. He seemed to know the scriptures by heart, and he took special pains to explain them to our subject when a boy. The grandmother also died in her ninetieth year. She was a very beautiful woman, and our subject was her constant companion as a child and as a boy. The family came from England and settled on Rhode Island about 240 years ago, being among the very earliest settlers in that place. The town of Bristol in that state was founded by one of the family. One of the cadets of the family received a large grant of land on the Hudson, at Troy, for services rendered in some of the troubles of those days, and settled there. Some of the family still reside there. Amos Samuel Bristol was educated chiefly at the Grammar school at Bath, attending during the winter and working on the farm with his father during the summer till his twenty-first year. In 1847 he entered McGill College, and re- mained there till 1850, when he graduated, taking highest class-standing. He joined the active militia force in 1857 as surgeon of the Napanee troop, became surgeon of the 4th regiment of Cavalry, and retired in 1884 with the rank of surgeon-major ; and was on active duty during the Fenian raid in Kingston for about three weeks. His father served during the war of 1812 and 1813, for which he is at present in the re- ceipt of a pension. He also served as cap- tain during the troubles of 1837-8, and was out with his men during the memorable Windmill affair. Our subject has served as municipal councillor and as school trustee for about twenty years, and has been a member of the synod of the Church of England since its establishment, with the exception of one year. He has taken an active part in local improvements, such as the erection of school-houses, churches, and other public buildings. He has been a member of the Masonic order since 1857, and is a Royal Arch Mason and past master. He took a very active part in the discus- sion in connection with confederation, and did what he could to persuade all with whom he came in contact of its great ad- vantages. He was an advocate likewise of securing the great North-West, and of building the Canadian Pacific Railway. His travels have been confined to this continent. In 1850 he visited the States ; again in 1864 he went to Washington and spent several weeks in the military hospitals there, at the same time he visited places of importance or interest in the neighbourhood and down the Potomac. Through the kindness of General Auger, the commandant, he was enabled to go to all places of interest. In religion Dr. Bristol has been all his life a member of the Church of England. He married, on June 21, 1853, Sarah Minerva daughter of the late Colonel Daniel Everett, of the township of Kingston, and grand- daughter of the late Major John Everett, United Empire loyalist, of the same place. Major Everett had served through the greater part of the revolutionary war, being a major in the Royalist forces. His wife CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 541 died in 1863, leaving five children-Catha- rine Marion, wife of H. J. Saunders, M.D., Kingston ; George Everett, wholesale mer- chant, Hamilton ; Sarah Caroline, wife of Geo. Douglas Hawley, M.P.P. for Lennox ; Edmund James, B.A., law student, Tor- onto, and Clarinda Stewart, who died about nine months after her mother. The late Daniel Everett was uncle of the present Chief Justice Wallbridge. Our subject married again in December, 1869, Amelia Maria, eldest daughter of the late Thomas Jaffray Robertson, M.A., " (Stouan Clan)" first head master of the Normal school, Toronto, and brother of the late Charles Robertson, of the Educational department, Ireland. Thomas Jaffray Robertson's wife is a daughter of the late Richard John Nelson, high sheriff of Dublin, and cousin of the late Admiral Nelson. By his present wife he has three children-Emily Frances, fifteen; Thomas Stanley Robertson, thir- teen ; and Ethel Isabel Nelson, twelve. After completing his professional education at McGill College, Dr. Bristol returned to Bath, and entered into partnership with Dr. Stewart. In the fall of the same year Dr. Stewart removed to Kingston, and Dr. Bristol shortly after visited Toronto, Halton, and some other places in the wes- tern part of the province. In the winter he commenced practice in the County of Hastings, where he remained until the spring of 1857, when he removed to his native county, and settled at Napanee. He soon built up a large town and coun- try practice, which he has held with one interruption ever since. In the fall of 1863 he was taken with the typhoid fever, and was prostrated for nearly a year, and it was nearly two years before he was able to go through his usual amount of work. During all his life he has been a constant reader and close student. All his relations in this country on his father's and mother's side are United Empire loyalists. He has in his possession a set of money scales belonging to his maternal grandfather, with direction for using them written in his own hand, and dated 7th of August, 1770, in a table attached to the case, purporting to have been regulated at a meeting of the Chamber of Commerce. His paternal grand- father had in his desk a large mass of corres- pondence, dating back to the American war of independence, deeds of property in New York state, and family records in bibles, and other matters of public interest at the time. As a boy our subject often saw them, but afterwards they fell into the hands of his eldest sister, who removed to the North-West several years ago, taking them all with her. Harrison, Ci lover, Toronto, was born in Carrick-on-Shannon, County of Leitrim, Ireland, on the 28th of March, 1825. He is the second son of Richard Harrison and Elizabeth Hamilton. His father's family went to Ireland in the reign of Charles the II., and remained there. His mother's family migrated thither also from Scotland in the same reign. One of the family, Wil- liam Glover, was an engineer from Edin- burgh, and he built a bridge over the Shan- non, between Carrick-on-Shannon and the County Roscommon. Many of his family connections followed him to help in the work. The family names who came with him were as follows :-Hamiltons, Lairds, Crawfords, Lloyds and Shears ; and their descendants reside in Leitrim and Roscom- mon to this day. Glover Harrison was the second son of a family of eleven children, five brothers and one sister living. He was educated in the common school at Carrick- on-Shannon, County of Leitrim. At seven- teen years he was sent to Sligo, to learn business in the china, glass and crockery trade, and here he remained until June 1847, which was the famine year in Ireland. In July of the same year, he sailed from Dublin bay for Quebec, coming in company with an aunt and her family of ten children. They were six weeks and three days making the voyage, and experienced many hardships on the passage to Quebec, having 180 people on board a small ship. When the vessel arrived in Quebec, she was obliged to remain in quar- antine for ten days. They were then taken to Montreal, and on arrival there had a nar- row escape from being sent to the " sheds '* which were full of immigrants stricken with fever on the passage from Ireland. Mr. Har- rison and his relatives took passage from La- chine on a steamer to Kingston, and thence to Toronto, where they arrived late in August. Mr. H arrigon sought a situation in a store in King street, and obtained one immediately, but in two days he was prostrated with fever, which continued for eight weeks. When he recovered, he could obtain nothing to do. In January, 1848, he obtained through a friend a situation in the grocery establish- ment of Samuel Philips, on the corner of King and Church streets, where he remained for nearly two years, when the business was wound up. In October, 1849, he obtained another situation in the store of the late R. H. Brett, hardware and groceries, and re- mained until October, 1855. On his resign- 542 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ing this situation, he took a position with William Thomson, afterwards Thomson & Burns, hardware and crockery, where he remained until 1864, when Thomson & Burns established him in business in his present stand, the old house of R. H. Brett, where he had been employed from 1849 to 1855. When he began his own business (1864), the American war was at his height, and he owes much of his prosperity to the families of rich southern people who settled in Toronto and St. Catherines, and other places about that period. More honourable people than these were, he affirms he never met. "They had," he says, " refined taste, and bought only the best and finest goods." From that time to the present, his business has increased and prospered until now it is the choicest and the largest in Toronto, or in the Dominion. When Mr. Harrison came to Toronto in 1847, the population was only a little over twenty thousand ; now, 1886, it is 110 thousand. Times have changed much, and the inhabitants too since then ; old faces are becoming scarce, and old streets and places change or disappear. Mr. Harrison has made a trip to England every year for the past twenty-two years on business, visit- ing England, France, Germany, Ireland and Scotland. For twenty-four years he was connected with the Methodist New Connec- tion church, on their joining the Wesleyan body, he joined the church of the Rev. J. D. McDonnell, Presbyterian. He has never married-for over twenty years he lived with his aunt and cousins until he laid most of them in the Necropolis, the last in 1866. His father died in Toronto, in December, 1861, aged 83 years, he having been a resi- dent for thirteen years. His oldest brother, Arthur Harrison, has been sub-sherift of the County Leitrim for over twenty-five years. Wylie, Lt .-Colonel David, Brook- ville, was born in the town of Johnstone, in Renfrewshire, Scotland, on the 23rd day of March, 1811. His father was William, and his mother's name Mary Orr. His father carried on a boot and shoe trade in Ren- frewshire, but left his native country for Montreal, Canada, in 1819. He died in Montreal, in the year following, before his family had the opportunity of following him to his new home. The subject of this sketch received his education in the parish school of Johnstone, supplemented by at- tending a night school in Paisley, to which town his mother and family removed pre- vious to his father's departure for Canada. His father was a great reader, and this fact gave a cast to the son's mind, for while a mere child he would sit up by his father's side and read whatever books were furnish- ed, while he otherwise stocked his mind with the songs and ballads of his own country. At the age of fourteen, David Wylie was apprenticed for seven years to Stephen Young, of Paisley, to learn the printing business. He commenced his ap- prenticeship in January, 1826. In about three years and six months after, Mr. Young gave up business, when Mr. Wylie's inden- ture was transferred to the University Print- ing Office, Glasgow, where he took lessons in Latin and French, and also in steno- graphy. On completion of his apprentice- ship, he visited Edinburgh. A short time after he was engaged on the Greenock Ad- vertiser, where he remained between three and four years. It was while in Greenock that he wrote his first locals, and also two or three short stories for the columns of the Advertiser. John Galt, the author, was at the time residing as an invalid in Greenock, and Mr. Wylie was greatly pleased to hear the merits of his stories discussed, and the authorship ascribed to Mr. Galt. Mr. Wylie afterwards removed to a situation on the Glasgow Guardian. At the end of eighteen' months he took a situation on the Liverpool Mail, where he acted as local re- porter and proof-reader. He remained on the Mail for about eight years, when he went to Manchester, and was engaged on the Anti-Corn Law Circular, published un- der the supervision of Cobden, Bright, and other eminent gentlemen. The pub- lication of the paper having been removed to London, Mr. Wylie returned to Scot- land, and took charge of the Fife Herald office, in the town of Cupar. The Herald was edited by the late Mr. Russell, of the Edinburgh Scotsman. While here, he pub- lished the tale of " The Life of a Convict," from notes furnished by the mate of the vessel in which the convict sailed to the United States. He also published several poems in the Herald. While here, he re- ceived an offer from John C. Becket, of Montreal, to come to Canada, and take charge of Mr. Becket's office. This offer he accepted, and arrived in Canada, in 1845, when the subject of responsible government was being warmly discussed. From early conviction, Mr. Wylie took the side of re- sponsible government, and wrote several letters on the subject to the Fife Herald. He remained with Mr. Becket till 1849, when he accepted a situation as parliamen- tary reporter for the Montreal Herald. While here, he also wrote various pieces for CA NAD IAN BIO GRA PH Y. 543 publication in the daily papers and the Gar- land, a monthly magazine. He continued reporting till the parliament buildings were burned, when he arranged to come to Brook- ville, and take charge of the Recorder. One bit of work Mr. Wylie feels proud of. After the buildings were burned, a "call of the Upper House " was made. The report oc- cupied eighteen columns of the Herald, all written by Mr. Wylie, with the exception of one speech furnished by a French mem- ber. At the close of the session, the House voted Mr. Wylie $50, as a mark of their ap- preciation of his services. Mr. Wylie edited the Recorder for many years with distin- guished ability, making that journal one of the ablest local newspapers in the Province. A staunch Reformer, his influence was always cast in favour of increasing the liberties of the people. Mr. Wylie's earliest recollections are connected with what is now known as the " Radical times " in Scotland, and the political persecutions of 1820. The spy system, introduced by the tyrannical government, sent many innocent parties to prison. Richmond, the principal of the spy department, had his emissaries among the people. These wretches deceitfully led men to give expression to their feelings against the government; the names were then for- warded to the officials, and imprisonment or transportation followed. Soldiers marched through the streets, while house to house examinations were made in search for "radical pikes," and woe to the man in whose house an old rusty sword or bayonet was found. No one dared express an opin- ion in opposition to the government, and all known to do so were imprisoned or hunted out of the country. Freedom of speech there was none. Amid such scenes Mr. Wylie's early political principles were laid. In 1838, while in Liverpool, Mr. Wylie joined the Manchester Unity of Oddfellows, and continued his connection with the order in Montreal, having been, while there, elected to the honourable position of grand master of the order in Canada. He was also elected an elder of the St. Gabriel street Presbyterian church about the same time. Some years after his removal to Brookville, the Reform party brought him out as a parliamentary candidate for South Leeds, in opposition to the sitting member, Dr. Church ; but the constituency being thoroughly conservative, the sitting member was returned. During his first year's resi- dence in Brockville, in 1849, he was elected to the office of a public school trustee, of which board he still continues a member (1885). No member of the board has given more time and attention to educational matters ; and the town of Brookville, as well as the surrounding country, owe Mr. Wylie a large debt of gratitude for his services. As he'is popularly termed the " father of the Canadian press," from his long connection with newspaper work, so he may also be termed the oldest school trustee in the Pro- vince. In 1847, Mr. Wylie joined Captain Lyman's rifle company, in Montreal, and served on every grade from private up to lieutenant-colonel. In 1875 he was appointed paymaster of Military district No. 4, by the McKenzie government, which position he held till the return to power of Sir John Macdonald, when he was allowed to retire from the service, retaining his rank as lieutenant-colonel. On retiring from the office of paymaster, he was appointed town treasurer for Brookville, which office he held until he again took hold of the Recorder, which he continued to conduct till October, 1873, when he sold out his interest to Mr. J. J. Bell, and has since passed his days in com- parative quietness, attending to his duties as chairman of the Board of Education. Just after the confederation of the provinces was completed, Mr. Wylie published a small volume of poems, under the title of "Waifs from the Thousand Islands." These were well received by the press. In 1870, he visited his native country, and was engaged by the Provincial government to bring the subject "Canada as a Field of Immigration " before the people of Scotland. In this he was very successful. He wrote a series of letters, besides other special correspondence, on the subject in the Glasgow Herald, a paper enjoying at that time a circulation of 36,000 daily. Mr. Wylie gave four months of his time gratuitously, as he was only re- munerated for his actual outlay-his labour being given gratis. In 1875, he desired to withdraw from the responsibility and care attendant on editing and publishing a paper. He however, had started the Evening Re- corder, and sunk some money in the under- taking, and was loath to give up a position he had so long honourably and satisfactorily tilled. For a time, however, he retired, but was compelled at last to install himself in the editorial chair, till, as has been stated, he finally gave up the reins of the old Re- corder to Mr. Bell. Colonel Wylie's life has been one of great activity. The political party, of which he has been an honourable and consistent member, owe much of its success in Leeds to his earnest and untiring efforts in the interests of the party. Hun- 544 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF dreds of younger men have been appointed to comfortable positions, who have not done one hundredth part of the labour performed by Colonel Wylie, although no man is more respected among the townspeople of both political parties than the colonel. He de- served something of his party ; but, to their disgrace, no recompense was made. The colonel's family was for centuries occupants of a farm and mills near Kilmarnock, in Scotland. He had two brothers, who chose a sea-faring life. One died in India, cap- tain of an East India ship ; the other for several years commanded an ocean steamer. He sailed the ill-fated City of Glasgow till the voyage before she was lost. Each of the three sons gave ample proof of the train- ing received, while boys, under the care of a good mother. The colonel was twice mar- ried. By his present wife he has a son aud a daughter. His wife is a daughter of the late James Borden, one of the early fathers of Methodism in the County of Grenville. Gilchrist, John, Reeve of the town of Orangeville, Ontario, was born in the County of Peel, on the 2nd of November, 1836. He is a son of Captain Duncan Gil- christ, by his wife, Annie, daughter ®f Dugald McDougall, of the island of Islay, Argyle- shire, who came to Canada about the year 1832, settling in the township of Chingua- cousy as a farmer, where he remained until his death. Duncan Gilchrist was a native of Islay, Argyleshire, Scotland, and when about sixteen left Scotland and emigrated to Jamaica, where he remained for seven- teen years, being overseer there of a large sugar plantation. However, in 1834, he con- cluded to come to Canada, and in the same year arrived in the above named township, where he commenced business in the village of Edmonton as a general merchant. Dur- ing the rebellion of 1837-38 he took an active part on the loyalist side, receiving the commissions of lieutenant and captain in the 7th regiment of the North York militia, retiring with his rank. He remained in Ed- monton for some years, but leaving there removed to the village of Norval, and after- wards to Brampton. Lastly he migrated to Orangeville, in which place he died in 1868. His wife died in Norval, in 1849. There were four in the family, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. John Gilchrist received a common school edu- cation, but at the age of fourteen he be. gan a career of mercantile business. In 1850 he entered the employ of the late George Wright, one of the pioneer mer- chants of Brampton, with which gentleman he remained for six years, when Mr. Wright retired from the business. Mr. Gilchrist continued with Mr. Wright's successors, Hughes & Thistle, until 1861, when they opened a branch store in Orangeville, Mr. Gilchrist becoming manager and a partner of the business there. This partnership existed until 1868, when our subject asso- ciated himself with W. R. Kent, and this firm, which is known as Gilchrist & Kent, still continues dealing largely in grain and produce, besides having a large general mercantile business. We may say here that Mr. Gilchrist was the first to establish a grain market in Orangeville. In 186ft he was elected a member of the village council of Orangeville, and was re-elected in 1880, 3881,1882, and in 1883 was elected reeve of the town, and re-elected for the years 1884, 1885, and 1886. He is like- wise a trustee of the High school board of Orangeville, having taken a very deep interest in educational matters. To the Liberal-Conservative party Mr. Gilchrist long ago gave a zealous and intelligent alle- giance, and he is now vice-president of the Orangeville Conservative Association. In religion he gives his adherence to the Pres- byterian communion, and has been a mem- ber of the St. Andrew's church board of management for mauy years. He has not taken much interest in secret societies, but he has been a member of the Orange order. In manners he is courteous and gentle- manly, and though rigid in his business relations, is a very great favourite, by rea- son of his genial qualities, in private life. He is unmarried. Kerr, James Kirkpatrick, Q.C., Toronto, was born near Guelph, in the township of Puslinch, on the 1st August, 1841. His father, Robert Warren Kerr, a civil engineer by profession, came to Canada from Ireland in 1832, and settled at Dundas, then one of the most enterprising towns in Western Canada, where he was appointed engineer of the Desjardins Canal Company. While residing here he married Jane Ham- ilton, daughter of James Kirkpatrick, who for more than a quarter of a century was treasurer of the County of Wentworth. Shortly after the completion of the Desjar- dins canal, Mr. Kerr removed to Puslinch, where his eldest son, James Kirkpatrick Kerr was born. The family removed to Hamilton in 1848, and in the course of a few years Mr. Kerr was appointed city chamberlain of Hamilton, a position which he held until his death in 1873. The sub- ject of this sketch, James Kirkpatrick Kerr, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. received his early education under the care of Dr. Tassie, the well-known educationalist, at Hamilton, and later at Galt. Having selected the law as his profession, Mr. Kerr was called to the bar in August, 1862, and immediately commenced the practice of his profession in Toronto, as a member of the firm of Blake, Kerr & Wells, two of his partners being the Hon. Edward Blake and the Hon. S. H. Blake, with whom he con- tinued in partnership until 1885, when he assumed the head of the firm of Kerr, Macdonald, D ividson & Paterson. Mr. Kerr was appointed a Queen's counsel in 1876, by the lieutenant-governor, and in 1831 by the governor-general. He was elected a bencher of the Law Society in 1879, and again in 1881. He has been retained in many important cases both civil and crim- inal, amongst others, the great license case known as the Queen vs. Hodge, which was argued by him for the respondent before the Privy Council in England. Mr. Kerr is a Liberal in politics, but he has never attempted public life, although it is under- stood that he has been more than once proffered the the nomination of his party. He has been an active and enthusiastic Freemason since his admission into the order in 1863, when he was initiated in Ionic lodge, Toronto. In 1865 he was elected to the office of W.M. of this lodge, which he held for two years, and he was subsequently three times elected D.D.G.M. of the Toronto district. In 1874 he was elected Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada, and in the following January, on the death of William Mercer Wilson, he succeeded to the Grand Master- ship, which he continued to hold (having been twice re-elected by the Grand Lodge) until September, 1877. He has occupied many other important positions in Free- masonry, and held the rank of Past Grand Principal J. in the Grand Chapter of Can- ada, and in the Grand Chapter of Scotland ; Past Provincial Prior of the Sovereign Great Priory of Knights Templars of Canada, and Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the Supreme Council 33° of Canada, and of the Supreme Council 33° of England. In 1883 he received at the hands of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, Grand Master of Knights Templars, the distinguished order of the Grand Cross of the Temple. Mr. Kerr was regarded as a firm but wise ruler of the craft, whilst he presided over the Grand Lodge, and his advice is sought and his in- fluence is recognized in all the councils of the fraternity. Mr. Kerr is a member of 545 the Church of England. He has been for many years a member of the Diocesan and Provincial Synod, and for eleven years churchwarden of St. James' Cathedral. He has been twice married, first in 1864, to the youngest daughter of the Hon. William Hume Blake ; and secondly, in 1883, to the daughter of the late Rev. George Stanley- Pinhorne, of Cumberland, England. Wilson, Hon. Adam, Chief of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice, and President of the High Court of Justice, Toronto, was born in Edin- burgh, Scotland, on the 22nd September, 1814. He was educated in his native country, and emigrated to Canada in 1830, when he had not quite attained his six- teenth year, settling in the township of Trafalgar, in the County of Halton. Here he was engaged in the mills and store of his maternal uncle, the late George Chalmers, who represented the constituency in the Legislative Assembly, for upwards of three years he was so engaged, and during this time he gave evidence of considerable capa- city for mercantile work. But the occu- pation was not to his liking, and he resolved upon the study of the law, and in January, 1834 was articled to the late distinguished advocate Hon. Robert Baldwin Sullivan, who was at the time in partnership with the great Reform leader, the Hon. Robert Bald- win. In Trinity term of 1839 he was called to the bar of Upper Canada, and on the fol- lowing year entered into partnership with Mr. Baldwin, which connection was main- tained till the latter gentleman retired from professsional life in 1849. On the 28th No- vember of the following year, Mr. Wilson was appointed a Queen's counsel by the Bald- win-Lafontaine government; and. the present Justices Hagarty and Gwynne, the late Judge O'Connor and Chancellor VanKough- netwere at the same time invested with the silken gown. Mr. Wilson was, during the same year elected a bencher of the Law Soci- ety of Upper Canada. He now began to turn his attention to political matters, and at first concerned himself with municipal affairs. In 1855 he was elected aiderman for Toron- to, and in 1859 he became mayor; being the first chief magistrate that was elected in that city by popular vote ; and he was re- elected in 1860. In 1856 he had been appointed a commissioner for the con- solidation of the public general statutes of Canada and Upper Canada respectively. In politics Mr. Wilson was inclined to the Reform party, and when the question of rep- resentation by population became the ques- 546 A CYCLOPEDIA OF tion of the day he joined that party, and those on his part who appreciated his splen- did ability importuned him to offer for legislative place ; but he steadily refus- ed till the death of Mr. Hartman, the member for the north riding of the County of York, in the Canadian Assembly, in 1859. He then offered for the vacant seat, and was elected at the head of the poll. In parlia- ment, as out of it, he took a position of un- compromising hostility to the Cartier-Mac- donald administration, chiefly upon the question of legislative representation before- mentioned. At the next general election he was returned for the same constit- uency; but in 1861 he was an unsuccess- ful candidate for West Toronto. In 1862 the Conservatives were overthrown, and the Sanfield Macdonald-Sicotte administration formed. Mr. Wilson was invited to take the solicitor-generalship, which office he ac- cepted in the new government ; and he held this portfolio, with a seat in the Executive, till 1863. On the 11th of May in the same year he was elevated to a puisne judgeship, in the Court of Queen's Bench for Upper Canada. Three months later he was trans- ferred to the Court of Common Pleas, where he remained until easter term, 1868, when he was again appointed to the Queen's Bench, as successor to the Hon. John Hawkins Hagarty, who had been appointed chief justice of the Common Pleas. In 1871Judge Wilson was appointed a member of the Law Reform commission ; and in 1878 his wide judical attainments received a more fitting measure of recognition by his appoint- ment to the position of chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas. At the bar his figure was a conspicuous one ; and as a judge he has been distinguished by his learning, by his great care, and by a thorough mastery of principles. Judge Wilson is author of a work entitled, "A Sketch of the Office of Constable," which was published at Toronto in 1861. He married a daughter of the late Thomas Dalton, who was editor and proprie- tor of the Patriot for many years. Judge Wilson's ability for work is yet unimpaired, and he continues, as he long has done, to give lustre to the bench. Price, Cornelius Vallcau. LL.B., Judge, etc., Kingston, was born in the town- ship of Camden, County of Addington, in 1837. He is a son of Thomas Price and Catherine Valleau, of U. E. loyalist de- scent. He worked with his father on the farm more or less till he had attained his twentieth year, receiving his literary educa- tion at the Newburgh Grammar school and Queen's University, having graduated from the latter institution asB.C.L. in the spring of 1863. He commenced the study of law in the office of the late Thomas Kirkpatrick, and afterwards with Byron M. Britton, and was called to the bar in June, 1865. He afterwards entered the firm of Britton & Price, remaining in the same till 1878, when he was appointed County judge. In February of the next year he received the appointment of Surrogate Maritime judge. As a lawyer he was remarkable for the extent of his legal learning, and for his skill and judgment in the presentation of his case. As a judge he is conspicuous for the care with which he hears, sifts and deliberates, and his judgments have won the admiration of the legal profession. In his demeanour he is patient and cour- teous, and for this reason is a favourite with the bar. He was a member of the city council from 1870 until his appointment to the bench ; also a trustee of the Kingston Collegiate Institute, and one of the pro- moters of the Kingston and Pembroke Rail- way, of which he was its solicitor. He re- mains a director of the Ontario Building and Savings Society, a governor of the General Hospital, and a judge Police Commission. In politics he was an active Liberal, and in religion he is a Methodist. He married, in 1868, Elizabeth, only surviving child of the late John Waudby and Elizabeth Pouchette, and by this lady has two daughters. Mr. Waudley, the father of Mrs. Price, was a man of great natural ability, and of wide acquirements. For a time, owing to his health, he was obliged to leave the pastoral care of his church ; and he devoted himself to literature and journalism, and he took the supervision of the publication of the Monthly Review, which had for contributors Dr. Ryerson, R. B. Sullivan, W. H. Draper, and others of our most distinguished public men. Kranz, Hugo, Berlin, Ontario, M.P. for North Waterloo, and J.P. for the same county, was born on the 13th June, 1834, at Lehrbach, Grand Duchy of Hesse Darm- stadt. He is a descendant of a Hessian fam- ily, and is the only son of the late Charles Kranz, of Berlin, Ontario. Hugo came with his father to America in 1851, and after staying four years in the United States, Mr. Kranz, senior, settled in Berlin, Ontario, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. The subject of this sketch received a sound education in the Polytechnic school at Darmstadt, for the educational course among the better classes in the German states is CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 547 very thorough. Mr. Kranz, the subject of this memoir, concerned himself with politics shortly after his arrival in Canada. His ambition first led him to seek municipal honours, and he has held the offices of town- clerk, reeve and mayor for many years. In education he has taken a praiseworthy inter- est, and has been trustee and treasurer of the Berlin High school since 1871. At the general election of 1878 he was first returned to parliament, and he was re-elected at the last general election. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. He married in 1865, Catherine Seip, daughter of the late George Seip, brewer, of Berlin, Ontario, and by this lady has four children. Altogether Mr. Kranz may be described as a superior man. He has much ambition, and splendid ener- gies ; and in him North Waterloo has a loyal and capable representative. Crawford, Patrick.-Mr Crawford, who, at the time of his death, in 1878, was an ex-aiderman of the city of Hamilton, On- tario, was born at Manor Hamilton, in the county of Sligo, Ireland, in the year 1809. With his parents he emigrated to Canada in 1819, settling on a farm in the 7th conces- sion of Trafalgar, Halton county. Both the father and son were eminently successful in their agricultural pursuits, and the subject of this sketch continued to live on the farm till 1856, when he removed to Hamilton, remain- ing about four years, when he purchased a handsome property in East Hamilton, and built a pretty stone cottage upon it. After remaining there some time, Mr. Craw- ford returned to the city, and built a block of buildings on Wellington street. He afterwards erected another block on Elgin street, where he remained up to the time of his death. Mr. Crawford was elected aider- man for old St. Lawrence ward-now No. 6 -in 1861, and remained in office fifteen years, retiring at that period with many honours. He was a much respected mem- ber of the Irish Protestant Benevolent So- ciety, and many of his fellow-countrymen felt the benefit of his generosity. He also took an active interest in the affairs of the John street Methodist church, of which he was a trustee at the time of his death. In politics, he was a consistent Liberal-Con- servative, and actively worked for that party, believing it to be the best calculated to give good government; but he was not a bigoted politician, and gave to those opposed to him the same right to speak and act as he claimed for himself. He left a widow and eight of a family-four sons and four daughters-to mourn his death. One of his sons is a respected lawyer in Alymer; another is in the Revenue office, Dundas ; the third is a G. T. R. conductor ; and the fourth had been assisting his father in look- ing after his business in Hamilton. De- ceased was a citizen of a stamp which any community could ill afford to spare, and his sudden death was regretted by a wide circle. He died suddenly of heart decease at his own house. At a special meeting of the city coun- cil the mayor, in opening the proceedings, said :-" Gentlemen, 1 have called you to- gether in consequence of the lamented death of an old and esteemed member of this coun- cil, Mr. Crawford. I think I express my own feeling, as well as that of this board, when I say that we all regret to hear of his sudden demise. He was a member of this council for many years-a man who enj oyed the re- spect and esteem of the citizens of Hamilton, and of every man who sat with him at this board. The object of my calling this meet- ing together is that we may make arrang- ments for the funeral, and to show our re- spect for deceased and condolence with his family. I am prepared to receive any reso- lutions." Aiderman Mathews moved, seconded by Aiderman Fitzpatrick :-"That this council, having learned with deep regret of the decease of our esteemed fellow-citi- zen, ex-Alderman Patrick Crawford, desire to express their sympathy for the bereaved family in the great loss they have sustained, and as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, it is resolved that the council do attend the funeral on Sunday afternoon at three o'clock ; and that the city clerk be directed to forward a copy of this resolution to the widow and family of deceased." The quarterly board of Wesley church passed the following resolution of condolence, which was transmitted to the widow of the deceased :-"Dear Madam,-At a meeting of the quarterly board of Wesley church, held on the 6th September, 1878, it was moved by Bro. George Sterling, seconded by Bro. George Fletcher, and unanimously resolved, ' That our recording steward be requested to prepare a letter of condolence, and present it to the widow of our late high- ly esteemed friend and co-laborer on this board, the late Patrick Crawford, Esq., and to have the same published in the city papers.' Permit us, dear madam, to ex- press to you the great loss this branch of Christ's Church has sustained by the deeply lamented death of your late husband, and to tender to you our united sympathy and condolence under the great bereavement which has befallen yourself and your highly 548 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF respected family by the sudden departure of your much-loved husband, and our dear friend, from the shores of time to his Father's house-to that inheritance incor- ruptible, undefiled, and that fadeth not away. And we unite in prayer to the Great Father of all that He may keep you and each member of your family as in the hol- low of His hand, defend and sustain every one of you under every trial and difficulty of life, and as you are frequently to think of the many virtues and the noble Christian example of him- who has so recently passed away, that you may each one be led to fol- low him as he followed the Lord, and that when you may be called from the shores of time to the Paradise of God, you may each and all be united to him who has just gone a little before to where no tears of sorrow are ever shed, but where all is ecstatic joy and unutterable bliss through the eternal ages of paradisical glory, there to enjoy a blessed reunion for evermore, in the possession of happiness without alloy, and of that sweet peace which shall ever flow onward as a river." Mr. Crawford was an old resident of Canada, a brother of the late Hon. George Crawford, Senator, and an uncle of the late John Crawford, lieutenant-governor of Ontario. Mr. Crawford was a gentleman who enjoyed the widest share of public re- spect and esteem. His benevolence was always spontaneous and handsome ; and the place that he had established in the hearts of the people was shown by the manner in which citizens thronged to pay the last sad tribute of respect. Hamilton, Clark, Collector of Her Majesty's Customs, at Kingston, was born at Queenston, Ontario, on the 17th March, 1833. He is the second son of the late Senator John Hamilton, who was born at Queenston, Ontario, in 1802, by Frances Macpherson his wife. (See the late Senator Hamilton, elsewhere in these pages). Clark Hamilton was educated at the Preparatory school in connection with Queen's College, Kingston. For many years after leaving college, he was connected with the merchant marine; and he took considerable interest in military matters. In 1867 he was award- ed a certificate at the Kingston military school. In 1882 he was appointed collector of Customs, at Kingston, and still holds that position. In 1854 he became a Freemason, entering St. Paul's lodge, No. 514, of Mont- real. Mr. Hamilton married on the 22nd October, 1857, Sara D. Nixon, of New York. In religion he gives his adherence to the Presbyterian church. Mackenzie, Hon. Alexander, To- ronto, M. P. for East York, and ex-Pre- mier of Canada, was born near Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland, on the 28th January, 1822, and is a son of the late Alexander Mackenzie, of Logierait, Perthshire, by Mary, second daughter of Donald Fleming, of the same parish, and grandson of Mal- colm Mackenzie of Strathtummel. Our sub- ject's father was an architect and contractor, and his son Alexander was designed for the same calling, beginning, as the custom is in Scotland, with a practical grounding in ma- sonry. The lad had attended school at his native place, acquiring all the branches of a thorough English education ; but he did not rest content with what he had learnt in the schools, and continued the pursuit of know- ledge at the old cathedral City of Dunkeld and at Perth. His father died in 1836, leav- ing behind him seven sons, all of whom after- wards settled in Canada, our subject being the third of the number. One other mem- ber of the family showed great promise, Hope F. Mackenzie, but he was not spared long to the career which he had begun so brilliantly. In 1842 Alexander emigrated to Canada, settling at Kingston, but after a short period he set up business for himself as a builder and contractor at Sarnia, in Western Ontario. Here, while the storm of party passion was at its highest, the future premier of Canada calmly conducted his private avocations, though it is said that he was all the while gravely and with the most painstaking care, studying public ques- tions. He had been a Whig in Scotland, and he brought his liberalism with him across the sea. It is not to be wondered at that the autocratic and reactionary doings of Lord Metcalfe met with his heartiest disap- proval. In 1852 appeared the Lambton Shield, with Mr. Mackenzie as its editor; and for two years, with singular clearness, force and directness, he contended through the columns of that paper, for that expan- sion of popular liberty, which, not a little, through his exertions in practical political life afterwards, was achieved. He was first elected to parliament in 1861, for Lambton ; and he had no sooner taken his place in the House than he attracted attention. His style of parliamentary debate was unusual, and it was very acceptable. There was no bluster, no unsupported assertion, no freaks of blind passion, but every conclusion was reasoned from plainly established grounds, in the most lucid, fair and incisive language. Perhaps there was no other member in the House then-or since-whose utterances re- CA NADI AN BIO G il A PHY. 549 vealed so much patient and accurate re- search ; and the quality, this " capacity for taking trouble," as Carlisle has phrased it, was characteristic of his whole subsequent career. He favoured confederation, but had little sympathy with the coalition, and re- fused the office of the presidency of the Council upon the retirement of George Brown from the extemporized administra- tion. From the union of 1867 till 1873, he was leader of the Reform party in the House of Commons, and in the last named year was placed at the head of the entire Liberal party of the Dominion. On the 5th Nov- ember, 1873, upon the resignation of Sir John Macdonald, he was called upon by Lord Dufferin to form an administration. The administration came upon the scene when the stars had taken an evil turn. A period of general depression had fallen upon the commerce of the civilized world, and Canada had to bear her burthen of the misfortune. As an administrator, Mr. Mac- kenzie was conscientious, and looking calm- ly now at all the acts of his career, there is not one deed of his that can be stamped with reproach. So faithfully did he do his duty, so anxious was he to be master of the details of his double department-railways and canals and public works-that his health gave way under the strain. Meanwhile times were going from bad to worse ; ex- penditure, unavoidably, was greater than income, and labour, like labour the world over, was in a bad way. Then came the promise of prosperity from Sir John's party, if the people would vote for a national policy, and captivated by the glittering pros- pect, the constituencies left Mr. Mackenzie. The Conservatives came to power, and nearly doubled the taxes ; and now have deficits, real and promised, that must equal those of the regime of Mr. Mackenzie, when univer- sal trade was paralyzed. Mr. Mackenzie is president of the Sovereign Fire Insurance Company, of the North American Life Insur- ance Company, and is a director of the Build- ing and Loan Association. He was major of the 27th Lambton battalion up to October, 1874, when he resigned. He was a member of the Executive council and treasurer of Ontario in Mr. Blake's administration from the 21st of December, 1871, until October, 1872, when he retired. As a private mem- ber he is author of several important mea- sures, viz. : the act amending the assessment act of U. C., 1863 ; that consolidating and amending the acts relating to the assessment of property, U. C., 1866; and the highly useful measure for providing means of egress from public buildings, 1866. As chairman of committee on municipal and assessment laws, 1866, he wrote and framed the greater part of the general act on municipal corpor- ations, etc. All the measures of his govern- ment, including the enactment of a stringent election law, with the trial of election pe- titions by judges, and vote by ballot, and the abolition of the real estate qualification of members ; the better administration of penitentiaries ; the enactment of the marine telegraph law, which virtually abolished the monopoly of the cable company ; the estab- lishment of a Dominion military college, and the improvement of the militia system ; the enlargement of the canals ; the perman- ent organization of the civil service ; the es- tablishment of a supreme court for the Do- minion ; the reduction of postage to and from the U. S.; the free delivery of postal matter in cities and towns ; the opening of direct mail communication with the West Indies; the construction of a trans-contin- ental telegraph line ; the better administra- tion of government railways ; an improved copyright law ; the adoption of a final route for the Pacific railway; the opening of ne- gotiations, conducted on our behalf by our own delegate in person, between Canada and the United States, for the establishment of an equitable reciprocity treaty between the two countries ; a new insolvent law ; the establishment of a territorial government for the great North-West ; and the tem- perance act (Scott Act). These have all been more or less moulded and directed by Mr. Mackenzie. In addition, two very im- portant questions, which for some time agi- tated the public mind and threatened the gravest complications-the Manitoba am- nesty and the New Brunswick school ques- tions-were satisfactorily adjusted during his administration. Be has always held those political principles-which by some in England may be considered peculiar-of the universal brotherhood of man, no matter in what rank of life he may have taken his ori- gin. Has believed, and now believes, in the extinction of all class legislation, and of all legislation that tends to promote any body of men, or class of men, for the mere fact of their belonging to a body or class, to a high- er position politically than any other class in the country. In our great colonies, while no fault is found with the political organiza- tion of the mother country, or of any other country, we take our stand simply and com- pletely on the ground that every man is equal in the eye of the law, and has the same opportunity, by exercising the talents 550 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF with which God has blessed him, of rising in the world, in the confidence of his fellow- citizens-one man quite as much as another. Believes thoroughly in party government, and that it is utterly impossible to conduct the government of a new country without it. While an earnest advocate and uphold- er of the present connection with the mother country, he will always endeavour to main- tain Canadian rights, and to bring Canada into prominence in the eyes of the world. Mr. Mackenzie's health has been weak for a considerable time, but hopes are enter- tained that absence from strain and over- worry will restore him again. Mr. Macken- zie has been twice married. His first wife was Helen, daughter of William Neil, of Irvine, Scotland, died on the 2nd January, 1852, leaving a daughter, who is now the wife of the Rev. John Thompson, Presbyterian minister, at Sarnia. On the 17th June, 1853, he again married the estimable lady who now presides over his household, Jane Sym, eldest daughter of the late Robert Sym, of Perthshire, Scotland. The Hon. Mr. Mackenzie, we may say in closing, was twice offered the honour of knighthood by Her Majesty, but on both occasions de- clined its accept? nee. Woods, Joseph, ex-M.P. for Kent, Ontario, was born in 1808, at Sandwich, then the district town of the western dis- trict. He is the second son of the late James Woods, barrister-at-law. He was educated at the Grammar school, and re- ceived a solid education in English and French, and his name appears among the list of magistrates as early as 1833. At an early day he began the business of milling, and erected a large steam saw mill at the river Aux Puces, Essex, in 1834-5, which became submerged and useless by the great rise of the lakes in the years 1837-8, caus- ing Mr. Woods, in common with all the in- habitants along the frontier, great loss. Removing such material as could be saved from the inundated territory, he built ano- ther mill at Chatham, Kent, which was lost by fire. On the breaking out of the rebel- lion in 1837, he took a prominent part on the Detroit frontier, raised a troop of cavalry, which was afterwards known as Grant's troop, and did service till after the end of the troubles on the western frontier by the battle of Windsor, and the summary execution of the invaders by Col. Prince's order. Mr. Woods participated in this final scene, and was also at the capture of the schooner Ann, at Malden. In March, 1841, the elections under the new constitutional act that united Upper and Lower Canada took place ; and the election for the County of Kent assumed unexpected prominence. The Hon. S. B. Harrison, as provincial sec- retary in Lord Sydenham's new cabinet, hav- ing been defeated in his contest for the City of Hamilton, by Sir Allan MacNab, found himself forced to seek a seat elsewhere, and Kent was supposed to present the desired refuge. On coming into the county, Mr. Harrison found several candidates in the field, and the nomination about to take place within a day or two. When the hour of nomination arrived, it was found that Mr. Woods was to be the only competitor, and that the contest must go on despite all the allurements of government solicitation. The constituency included both counties of Kent and Lambton, 120 miles in length. The election began at noon, Monday, and ended at midnight on Saturday, with but the one polling place, Chatham. The result was in Mr. Woods' favour with a majority of forty- three ; and he took his seat in the first parliament at Kingston. It was at this election, for the first time in the history of the country, that the officeholders through- out the western district were required to attend at Chatham and vote for Mr. Har- rison, without regard to their personal or political preferences, and great was the con- sternation among these old tories in con- sequence. Mr. Woods had two later con- tests for the county, the one with Mr. Harrison, and the other with the Hon. John Henry Boulton, ex-chief justice of Newfoundland, and continued to represent Kent till 1848, when he resigned in favour of the Hon. John Hillyard Cameron, then solicitor-general. During the last years of Mr. Woods' appearance in parliament, par- ties in the House were very evenly divided, and his vote often gave the majority of one during the Draper and Sherwood adminis- tration. He was at one time offered a col- lectorship, with a salary of £750 a year, but declined it, and never became a govern- ment pensioner or employe. Mr. Woods was at one time lieutenant-colonel of the 14th battalion, Kent militia, and has all his life been an uncompromising tory of the old school. He has never married. Jameson, Robert Hamilton,Whit- by, son of Captain James Jameson, of Scot- land, and Mary Carron, his wife, was born on the 19th September, 1814, at Aloa, Scotland. He was educated at Aloa parish school, and later at the academy at Aloa. He came to Canada in 1863, taking up his residence at Parkhill, whence he re- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 551 moved to Toronto, and entered the employ in that city of John Catto, merchant, King street. After some time he removed to Whitby, and he joined the Whitby volunteers, then under command of Cap- tain (now Judge) Dartnell, and was with the force engaged at Ridgeway, during the Fenian raid of 1866. He subsequent- ly went to New York, and after a time to Savannah, Georgia, where he was engaged in the dry goods business. Thence he set out for Scotland, returning in a short period to Whitby, where he has since been in a grocery, crockery and liquor business. He sustained heavy losses by the failure of the clock company, formerly in operation in Whitby. Mr. Jameson was elected several times to the town council, and now repre- sents the town upon the public school board. He is a staunch Presbyterian. He married Mary Cecilia, daughter of the late James Blair, of the township of Whitby, and by this lady has six children. Mr. Jameson is an active and industrious man. and noted for his close application to busi- ness. Mr. Jameson has lately engaged in the cultivation of small and other fruits on a fine fourteen-acre lot he owns, and has met with a fair measure of success. He has always taken an interest in ath- letic and manly sports, and has been president of the St. Andrew's Society, and of the Curling club. He has a branch estab- lishment at 518 Queen street west, Toronto. In temperament he is plucky and somewhat impulsive, and as one who knows him well says, " a large heart beats under his waist- coat." He is a worthy and typical represen- tative of Scotland. O'Brien, L. R., Toronto, Landscape Painter, President of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, was born at Shanty Bay, Lake Simcoe, on the 15th August, 1832. He is a son of Col. O'Brien of " The Woods," Shanty Bay. L. R. O'Brien was educated at Upper Canada College, and in 1817 entered an architect's office. He subsequently studied and practised as a civil engineer. From very early years Mr. O'Brien had a pas- sionate love for art; and the picturesque surroundings of his boyhood went far to- wards quickening his inborn inclination for artistic work. With sketches of landscape he occupied much of his time,and though he painted a number of pictures, he worked only with the pretensions of an amateur. It was not till within the past twelve years that he adopted painting as a profession. He was vice-president of the Ontario Society of Artists from 1874 to 1880, when the Royal Canadian Academy of Artists was founded. He was appointed first president of the academy by His Excellency the Mar- quis of Lome, and since then has held the same office byelection. In 1880 Mr. O'Brien was asked to take charge of the illustration of " Picturesque Canada," and acted as art editor of that publication. How successfully he accomplished this task was predicted from the first by those who understood the soundness of his judgment and the accu- racy of his taste in making choice from among the number of subjects presenting themselves for such a work. The prin- cipal pictures of this distinguished artist are two pictures of Quebec, painted for Her Majesty Queen Victoria ; a picture of Quebec painted for the Marquis of Lorne, as a marriage present to Prince Leopold ; and pictures of Cape Trinity and other points on the Saguenay and the lower St. Lawrence and Gulf. But the list of Mr. O'Brien's pictures is very large, and there is not one that we have seen which does not, in our judgment, bear the double stamp of genius and of artistic culture. Mr. O'Brien's work is always natural; and it would be im- possible to find in one of his pictures work that might be called a straining or an exag- geration. He does not aim at ruggedness, and this is why the careless critic in looking at some picture of his might say, ' ' I should like if it were bolder." We regard this quality, however, not as proof that Mr. O'Brien's work lacks strength, but as de- cided evidence that it possesses restraint. As a rule his work is exquisitely natural, and we use the term " natural," not in the sordid sense. To one man The primrose by the river's brim, A yellow primrose is to him- Just that and nothing more." But the true artist sees the primrose with the loving eye, and the poetic, the inter- pretive instinct ; and it is only the man who has these qualities that can be said to be a true artist. In our judgment, Mr. O'Brien's pictures possess these qualities : the true, the fine, and the sympathetic. There is no riot of color, as we find in Jacobi's work, but " the blush upon the cheek of the rose is the same as the fairy set there." Even the flaming gorgeousness of our woods in autumn may be overdone with glaring paint. Mr. O'Brien never overdoes them. We look yet for many a beautiful picture from his gifted pencil. Naturally enough, the services of an artist so endowed would be in much demand among the publishers of art magazines. To our American publication!, and to the English Illustrated Magazine. Mr. O'Brien has contributed a number of 552 A CYCLOPEDIA OF sketches, taking for his themes old as well as new world subjects. But there is noth- ing which has inspired his pen in Great Britain that we more admire than the scene "Under the Cliffs of Devon after a storm," when the coast-guards' boat is to be dimly seen through the soft after-glamor of the tempest, which still bathes both cliff and sea. The foreground, with its patches of bright gorse, is very vivid. It is altogether an exquisite poem in color and outline. Mr. O'Brien married in 1860, Margaret, eldest daughter of the late Capt. St. Andrew St. John, of Orillia. Killey, J. II., Hamilton, Ontario, was born in Castletown, Isle of Man, on the 24th April, 1824. He studied in the Grammar school in that town, and received a general commercial education. But he now asserts that he spent too much time in acquiring Latin, which has not benefited him in any degree. He has had from his earliest years a great love for machinery, always delight- ing in visiting the mines near his home. The large pumping engines were to his young mind almost an inspiration. He used to watch them for hours ; and before he had left school he acquired a knowledge of the theory of their action. His parents purchased for him " Lardner on the Steam Engine," and this he mastered before he was twelve years old. At fourteen, he constructed a crude model engine and boiler, and so ex- cited was he when it was nearing completion, that he could not sleep for thinking of it. His parents about this time determined on sending him to Liverpool to one of the large foundries there, and prepared him for the foundry business, by sending him for a couple of years to cabinet-making. There was great difficulty in getting the position of apprentice at Liverpool, as many pa- rents wished to have their children learn engineering. He, however, obtained a po- sition in the Brunswick Foundry, where he remained five years, when he entered the Vulcan Iron Works, owned by John A. Gladstone, a cousin of the ex-Premier of England. He afterwards became foreman in the Canning Foundry ; and then mechan- ical manager and partner in the Windsor Machine Works, near Liverpool. The Am- erican war, however, interfered with the business to such an extent that he left Eng- land with his brother, and came to Canada in 1864. He obtained employment with F. G. Becket & Co., Hamilton, who then did a large business. For some time after leaving this firm, our subject was foreman of the machine shop of the St. Lawrence Foundry, Toronto. He repaired, while in this firm's employ the steamer Rothsay Castle, a block- ade runner, which had been brought up from Halifax by Captain Leach, after she had ran one season. He was appointed engineer of this boat, which position he held for three seasons, until the Fenian raids were threat- ened. He was then appointed engineer of the gun boat Prince Albert, which was employed in guarding the river and lake coasts. She took troops and munitions of war from Collingwood to Sault Ste. Marie, during the first Red River rebellion. Our subject served three years in this boat, and left her to build an oscillating marine en- gine and boiler, which he had designed for the composite steamer, Adelaide Horton. The engine was built in Hamilton, and the hull of the boat in Goderich. After the en- gine was completed, Mr. Killey commenced business at Hamilton in a small way, but it gradually increased until it became a very important one. The establishment has con- structed a large number of engines and boilers and other works. The London, On- tario, pumping engine, which up to now, has been the most economical in Canada, was built at Mr. Killey's works. They have also built steam road rollers, stone breakers, sewer pipe machinery, and a large number of dynamo-electric machines. Mr. Killey was brought up as a Methodist, and went to the Methodist Sunday school as a pupil and teacher up to leaving for Liverpool. His home was always open to Methodist and other preachers, his mother being an en- thusiastic Methodist. In his younger days he had no decided religious convictions. When he left for Liverpool, in the year 1840, his mother put a Bible and Testament into his box, and asked him never to go to theatres or taverns, or keep bad company. He did not act upon her advice, but became a companion of sceptics, whom he met in the foundry ; went to socialists' meetings at the hall of science, the socialists' meeting p'ace, and bought all the " infidel " works he could afford topurchase, French, German and English. He was in immediate contact with the Owens, Barkers, Loyd Jones, George Ja- cob Holyoake, and others. He became a flu- ent controversialist and debater, and looked with contempt upon Methodist and other min- isters. This state of mind continued till long after he came to Canada. About nine years ago he saw that he was drifting through com- panionship into habits of intemperance, and connected himself with a temperance organ- ization, and has kept his pledge ever since. Soon after this he thought he might as well CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 553 spend his Sunday in some church. He at- tended a series of sermons on prophecy, by the Rev. Dr. James. These sermons he be- lieved entirely upset Volney's Ruins of Em- pires' course of statements as to biblical cities, and the proof of Volney's errors he regarded as so palpable that his reason com- pelled him to agree with the preacher. From this time he went on in his investigation, and the result was a complete reversal of all his previous modes of thought on religious subjects. Mr. Killey is a Freemason, and a Royal Templar ; also a member of the Royal Arcanium ; and a member of the Hamilton Gospel Temperance Reform Mission. He has all along been a supporter of the Conserva- tive party on general principles, but would vote against them on any important ques- tion that his reason would tell him they were in error in adopting. He is connected with the firm of the Osborne-Killey Manufac- turing Company, Hamilton, which firm builds steam engines, steam road-rollers, stone breakers, steam boilers, steam fire engines, compound condensing and other pumping engines, and sewer-pipe ma- chinery. They are also brass and iron founders, and have a large scale factory at- tached to their works, where they make scales to weigh from ten pounds to ten tons. Mr. Killey commenced business in Hamil- ton in 1870, as J. H. Killey & Co.; in Janu- ary, 1884, the business merged into the Osborne-Killey Co., having been remov- ed from Canning street to larger premises, near the G. T. R. and N. & N. W. R., on Barton street. The business is prosperous, extensive and progressive. To the fine abilities, and the high character of the sub- ject of this sketch, the success of the estab- lishment is largely due. Meacham, James II., Postmaster of Belleville, was born on the 6th of Novem- ber, 1807, in Thurlow township, County of Hastings, near Belleville. He is a son of Seth Meacham, doctor of medicine, who was physician to the Hastings Militia at Kingston, during the war of 1812-15. His mother was Elizabeth Meacham, daughter of Colonel Titus Simmons, one of the early U. E. loyalists. Our subject was educated at Belleville, at first receiving private tui- tion, and subsequently attending advanced schools. In November, 1847, he was ap- pointed postmaster of Belleville, and this position he still retains. He has been a life- long member of the Methodist church. He married on the 9th of October, 1832, C. C. Bogart, whose parents were also of U. E. loyalist stock. Sharp, John, Bath, Ontario, J.P. for the County of Lennox and Addington, was born the 14th day of January, 1825. He is a son of Lucas Sharp, who was born in 1796, and served in the war of 1812-15. This gentleman drew a pension for seven years previous to his death, which occurred in 1884. His father (our subject's grand- father) was a U. E. loyalist, who came from a place near Kinderhook, in New York state, but eventually settled on the north end of lot seven, second concession, town- ship of Ernesttown. Lucas Sharp was born on this lot, and John Sharp, his son, was also born there. The latter had one younger brother, Andrew, who is now living in the township of Murray, a farmer. There was one sister, and she married John A. Shibley, J.P., merchants at Yorker, Camden. The mother of our ubject was Sarah Denick, whose father was a U. E. loyalist. John Sharp, the subject of this sketch, was born and brought up on a farm, and he has pur- sued farming with considerable success. His father gave to him the south half of lot seven, third concession, part of the old farm, and he purchased the north half of lot eight, second concession, on which he now lives. He was awarded the bronze medal in 1884 for the riding, as will be seen by the agricultural report for 1884. He was educated at Bath, and spent the winter of 1842-43 at the Kinderhook academy, where he studied the English branches. He holds a commission as ensign from Sir Edmund Head, dated April 30th, 1858; held the office of assessor for the township of Ernest- town for the years 1855-56 ; was trustee of school section No. 10 for twenty-one years, and secretary-treasurer for the same time up till 1877, when he retired. He was likewise connected with the Township and County Agricultural societies for forty years, and was president of each. In Janu- ary, 1874, he was elected councillor for the township, and held a seat at the council board until the end of 1884, with the ex- ception of one year, 1880. For five years he had a seat at the county council, and was reeve in 1884, and then retired. He was appointed a justice of the peace for the united Counties of Frontenac, Lennox and Addington in 1857, and retained the office until the separation of the counties. He was, being at this date a J.P. for the same, then re-appointed for the County of Lennox and Addington. From early years he had a preference for the Wesleyan Methodist church, and was a member of that body for twenty-five years. Now, however, he is a 554 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF member of the United Methodist church. He married, on the 4th of October, 1854, at Kinderhook, in the State of New York, Margaret Vanslyck, of that place. There are by this marriage five children, three boys and two girls. The eldest son is mar- ried, and has a farm by the Kingston and Napanee road, three miles from his father's homestead. The second son is married, and lives upon and works the farm with his father ; and the third son is at home. One daughter is married to T. F. Holgate, B.A., professor of mathematics in Albert College, Belleville. Mr. Sharp enjoys the repute of being a man of high principles of honour, and of much kindliness of heart. He en- joys, too, in a large measure,the respect and goodwill of those among whom his worthy and honoured career has been passed. Henry, Jaine«, M.B., M.D., M.C.P. S.O., Orangeville, Ontario, was born at the village of Sand Hill, Peel county, on the 13th September, 1843. He is a son of Thomas Henry, M.D., University of Edin- burgh, M.R.C.P.S., Ireland. He was edu- cated at Trinity College, Dublin, and after- wards entered the British navy as assistant surgeon. He sailed around the coast of Africa for a time, but owing to sickness was obliged to retire. In 1835 he came to Canada and landed in Toronto. Brought up in the old country a Tory, yet during the stirring times of 1837-38, he deeply sympathized with the Mackenzie party, and cast in his lot with the so-called rebels, be- lieving that the rebellion was perfectly just, the people having been goaded into revolt through bad government. 8 Before coming to Canada, he settled for a short time in the City of New York, and practised his profession ; but his brother, Samuel Henry, who was then a resident of Canada, and in bad health, wished him to leave the United States, and come over here, which he did, and settled in the township of Albion, Peel county, where he remained for forty-five years practising his profes- sion. He was a gentleman whom many of the old citizens of Toronto, still remember well. In 1875 he removed to the City of Toronto, where he died in 1878. He was well known as one of the old Bald- win Reformers, and always took an active part in the political contests of the day. He served as reeve of the township of Chin- guacousy for several years, and died re- spected and beloved. His wife was Mar- garet, daughter of James Brett, senr., of Ireland, who crossed the ocean and settled in the township of Mono, Simcoe county. Mr. Thomas Henry had a family of five, the subject of this sketch being the eldest son. James Henry was educated first un- der Dr. Howe, then principal of the Gram- mar school, at Toronto, completing his studies at the University of Toronto. At the age of seventeen he began the study of medicine, and entered the Toronto School of Medicine, graduating from the Toronto University in 1863, as M. B., and in 1861 as M.D. Almost immediately thereafter he went to Orangeville, then a small village, and commenced practice ; and here he has remained ever since, having now the plea- sure of finding himself master of a hand- some practice. During the time of the Trent affair, he was gazetted ensign in the 100th regiment, old Canadian militia. Dr. Henry has been connected with the council of Orangeville for many years, and in 1881 was elected mayor of the town and re-elected for 1882, 1883, and is mayor at present. He always has taken an active part in the welfare of the town, and was particularly active during the building of the Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railway, and the Credit Valley Railway. He is a member of sev- eral benevolent societies, among which may be named the Oddfellows, Foresters and the United Workmen. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and is a member of the Church of England. He married in 1866, Esther, second eldest daughter of the late James Graham, an old resident of Orangeville, and has a family of eight,-six boys and two girls. In his profession Dr. Henry has been what men term lucky, and he has the repute of much skill. He is ex- ceedingly genial, has no ambition for public life, being contented with his profession and the enjoyments of domestic and social life. Platt, John Milton, M.D., M.P. for Prince Edward, Picton, Ontario, was born in the township of Athol, County of Prince Edward, Ontario, in 1840. His grand- parents came from Dutchess county, in the State of New York, in 1790, and settled in Hallowell, County of Prince Edward, when that district was yet a wilderness of unbro- ken forest. John Milton Platt received his earliest educational training at his native place ; but he afterwards attended the Fort Edward institute, New York state, the Nor- mal school, Toronto, and Victoria college, Cobourg, graduating M.D. from the last named institution in 1869. Dr. Platt has always been a sincere friend of education ; and was a public school inspector for a period of ten years. In military matters, too, he has always taken a deep interest. He grad- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 555 uated from the Military school at Toronto in 1866, and is surgeon to the 16th Battal- ion, V.M. Early in his career he had a taste for literary work, and, naturally en- ough, drifted into journalism. He was the first editor and publisher of the Picton New Nation, which paper was afterwards merged into the Timvs. Dr. Platt was first elected to parliament at the last general election, and he has proven himself a most active and useful member. He is a Liberal in politics, and a free trader in principle ; but he did not at the last election strongly oppose the national policy, being disposed to allow the country to test its power for good or evil during a period of depression. He regarded the policy in this country as one of experi- ment, holding that its operations would soon be plain to all men, and that it should be judged by its fruits. Dr. Platt married, in 1872, at Hallowell, Amelia, daughter of the late Arthur Branscombe, whose parents came from New Brunswick. Chamberlin, Lieut.-Col. Brown, C.M.G., D.C.L., Queen's Printer for Can- ada, Ottawa, was born at Frelighsburg, Province of Quebec, on the 26th March, 1827. He received his early educational training at his native place, and at St. Paul's school, Montreal, where he subsequently entered McGill University, taking his de- gree of B.C.L. in 1850, and D.C.L. in 1867. Was for several years an elective fellow of the University, and a member of the High School Board; also M.A. Honoris causa of Bishops' College, Lennoxville, In June, 1870, he married Agnes Dunbar Moo- die, relict of Charles Fitzgibbon, and daugh- ter of J. W. Dunbar Moodie, of Melsetter, Orkney, who served in the 21st Fusiliers, and was wounded at Bergen op Zoom ; after- wards married Susannah Strickland, of Rey- don Hall, Suffolk, England, and emigrated to Canada. He became sheriff of Hastings, Ont., and Mrs. Moodie made herself known in the literary world as the author of "Rough- ing it in the Bush" and other works. Mrs. Chamberlin has made a name for her botani- cal drawings and illustrations of works upon Canadian botany, published by her aunt, Mrs. Traill, another of the Strickland sis- ters, so well known to literature. Having completed his educational course, Mr. Chamberlin began the study of law ; and was called to the bar of Lower Canada, in 1850. He practised his profession at Mon- treal, but conjointly took literary work upon his hands. In this country, the newspaper press is the chief outlet for the literary spirit, and Mr. Chamberlin associat- ed himself with the Montreal Gazette. His literary attainments are very wide, and there is no room to doubt that, if he had consecrated his time to letters, he would have given us work of permanent and high value. His life has been an active and a very useful one. He was honorary secre- tary to the Board of Arts and Manufactures of Lower Canada, from 1857 to 1862 ; was president of that body, from 1862 to 1865 ; and was a commissioner, on behalf of Can- ada, to the London Universal Exhibition, in 1862. In 1867 he was elected to the House of Commons for Missisquoi, and represented that constituency till 1870, when he re- ceived the appointment of Queen's Printer. In militia matters, Colonel Chamberlin has always taken an active interest. He has been a colonel of the 60th battalion, Mis- sisquoi volunteers; and in May of 1870, took part in repelling a body of Fenian invaders at Eccles Hill. For his promptness and brav- ery on this occasion, he was created by the Queen a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. He has been for some years a member of the Council of the Art Association, Ottawa, and was vice-presi- dent in 1884. Is now president of the St. Georges' Society there. Henderson, William Henry, M.D C.M., Queen's University ; M.C.P. & S., On- tario ; and M.R.C.S., England, Kingston, was born on October 7th, 1856, at Kingston, On- tario. He is a son of Peter Robertson Hen- derson, managing director of the Montreal Transportation Co., who was born in Aber- deen, and is a cousin of the Hon. Joseph Robertson, treasurer for the Province of Quebec ; and also a cousin of Prof. Robert- son Smith, the eminent oriental scholar, and one of the editors of the " Enclyclopsedia Britannica." His mother was Henrietta Sweetland, a native of Devonshire, and a sister of Sheriff Sweetland, of Ottawa. W. H. Henderson was educated at the Kingston Collegiate institute. At the age of nine- teen years he began the study of medicine at the Royal College of Physicians and Sur- geons, Kingston, was appointed house sur- geon to the Kingston General Hospital in 1878, and graduated in April, 1879, at the head of the graduating class. During 1879 and 1880 he visited Great Britain and the continent, in pursuit of medical studies. He took a special course of practical patho- logy at St. Thomas' Hospital, under Prof. Greenfield, in the summer of 1879, and worked at histology and physiology at Vi- enna, during the winter of 1880. He ob- tained the diploma of the Royal College of 556 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Surgeons, England, in Nov., 1879. Dr. Henderson joined the 14th battalion, or Princess of Wales' Own Rifles in 1881, as assistant surgeon, and was appointed sur- geon in September, 1884. He organized an ambulance corps, and volunteered for ser- vice in theNorth-West rebellion in the spring of 1885, but as the regiment was required at Fort Henry for garrison duty, the adjutant- general ordered him to remain with his corps. He is professor of physiology in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston ; is curator of the museum and pathologist to the Kingston General Hos- pital ; and he is likewise public vaccinator for Frontenac ward, in the city of Kings- ton, and surgeon to the Kingston and Pem- broke Railroad. He was elected supreme physician for the Independent Order of For- resters in August, 1885, and is a member of the Supreme Executive Council. He has belonged to the order since 1882, and takes great interest in its affairs. Dr. Henderson is a member of the board of directors for the Independent Oddfellows' Relief Association, and physician to Cataraqui lodge. He has been an Oddfellow since 1881. He is medical examiner for Limestone lodge,Ancient Order of United Workmen, and has been a member of the order since 1880. He is a life member of the Ophthalmological Society of Great Bri- tain and Ireland (1881) ; a member of the British Medical Association ; and vice-pre- sident of the Ontario Medical Association. He has visited the principal cities in the United States and Canada, from Chicago to New York. In 1879 he sailed from New York, on 30th of April; saw the Giant's Causeway, and landed at (Grenock) Glasgow on May 10th. From this city he went to London, from London to Dublin, and thence to the lakes of Killarney, etc. In December, 1879, he visited Edinburgh, Dundee, Aber- deen, Balmoral castle, and various places in the north of Scotland. He then returned to London, and in February, 1880, travel- led through considerable portions of France, Germany, and Austria, visiting Cologne, Munich, Frankfort, and Berlin, and studied medicine for three months at Vienna. Re- turning, he remained a month at Paris, and some time at Strasburg. In religion, Dr. Henderson is a Congregationalist, and has always been a member of that body. He was married December 30th, 1885, to Ella, the only daughter of Major John Everitt, of Collins' Bay. The following notice of the wedding is from the columns of the Toronto -Globe :-"A most interesting event which, on account of the popularity of the con- tracting parties, has attracted considerable attention, took place this afternoon at the ' Woodlands,' the residence of the bride's father, near Collins' Bay. The bridegroom is one of Kingston's most popular young physicians, who has attained a high profes- sional standing. The ceremony, at which only the nearest relatives were present, was performed by the Rev. Mr. Green, curate of St. George's Cathedral. Miss Lizzie White, daughter of Col. White, of Ottawa, Miss F. Daly, of Napanee, and Miss Graham, of Hull, were bridesmaids, and Dr. J. H. Betts, of Kingston, and Messrs. James and Norman Henderson, brothers of the bride- groom, were the groomsmen. The popu- larity of the bride was fully demonstrated by the many handsome presents she was the recipient of from her numerous friends. Dr. Henderson is extremely brilliant and successful in his profession, and is said to be master of an extensive and profitable practice. His manners are very genial, and the measure of popularity that he enjoys is large. McDougall, Hon. William, C.B., was born in the town of York, now the city of Toronto, on the 25th January, 1823. He is a son of the late Daniel McDougall, who, three years after his son's birth, removed to a farm on Yonge street, a few miles north of the city. His paternal grandfather was John McDougall, a native of the High- lands of Scotland, and a U. E. loyalist, who served in the British commissariat service during the revolutionary war. When hos- tilities ended, John McDougall removed to Nova Scotia, where he married the daughter of a British officer, who had settled at Shel- burne, and attempted a commercial career in that place. But he shortly afterwards removed to Upper Cannda, settling in Little York. His son Daniel married Hannah Mathews, of St. Andrews, Lower Canada, and this couple were the parents of William McDougall. He received his preliminary education, we learn, at various public and private schools, and afterwards spent some time at Victoria College, Cobourg. Much of his early life was passed upon his father's farm on Yonge street, where he doubtless laid the foundation of the robust physique which he has possessed ever since attaining manhood. When he reached his eighteenth year he entered the office of Price & Ewart, barristers, of Toronto, where he began the study of law. But before he had concluded his studies, his contributions to the newspaper press had attracted much at- tention. In Michaelmas term, 1847, he CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 557 was admitted as an attorney and solicitor ; and he entered into partnership with Ambrose Gorham, and practised his profes- sion for a time. But his inclinations were rather for literature than for law, and soon afterwards he connected himself with the Canada Farmer, which subsequently was known as the Canadian A griculturist. This paper he continued to publish till 1858, when he sold the copyright to the Upper Canada Board of Agriculture, by whom it was subsequently sold to the late Hon. George Brown. In 1850 Mr. McDougall established the North American, a paper of advanced reform views, and which had a large following, owing to the split in the liberal party, of which the Globe had been the organ. The boldness, the ability and the strong individuality displayed in the columns of the new-comer into the journal- istic field turned all eyes upon its editor ; and Mr. McDougall was at once declared to be a " coming " man. That word coming is a very accurate and comprehensive phrase, when the public mouth uses it in this way. Upon the formation of the tlincks-Morin administration, the North A merican became its mouthpiece ; and it enjoyed all the hatred of the Globe's soul. But after 1854, Mr. McDougall and George Brown " shook hands," for they had both come to see that it was foolish after all to be hostile, when each was striving, in the main, towards the same ends. The process of reconciliation, however, was slow, and it was not complete till 1857, when the North American became merged in the Globe; and Mr. McDougall joined the staff of the latter journal, main- taining the connection for two years. His articles were trenchant, thoughtful and un- trammelled ; but it was too much to hope that amity could continue between himself and a man like Mr. Brown, who was always determined to have things exactly his own way. In 1858 Mr. McDougall offered him- self for the north riding of Oxford against the late Judge Morrison, and he was re- turned at the head of the poll. He sat for that constituency until 1863. He soon took his place in the House as one of its most eloquent, powerful and impassioned speak- ers ; and he presented that combination of gifts, found so rarely, namely, great oratori- cal power and conspicuous ability as a writer. In the Sanfield Macdonald-Sicotte administration, formed in 1862, Mr. Mc- Dougall took the office of Commissioner of Crown Lands, and he retired with his colle- agues, when they were defeated, in 1864. He long advocated "representation by population," but came in time, with other thoughtful public men, to see that the scheme was impracticable ; but he was an ardent advocate of the scheme of confedera- tion, into which he claimed all the irritating questions might be merged. In the coali- tion of 1864 Mr. McDougall was one of the two reformers who accompanied Mr. Brown into the Cabinet. He became Provincial Secretary, which office he held till the disso- lution of the old regime under the new con- stitutional order of 1867. He was then sworn minister of Public Works in the con- federation cabinet ; and during the same year was created a Companion of the Bath, civil, having taken a foremost part at the conferences which formulated the confeder- ation scheme. From his first entry into public life Mr. McDougall always had taken a deep interest in the North-West territor- ies ; and he probably knew more about affairs in that region than any other public man in the country. In 1868 he accom- panied Sir George Cartier to England to confer with the Imperial authorities on matters of public interest, including the de- fences of the Dominion and the acquisition of the North-West territory. It was only fiting that recognition should be given to a man who had bestowed so much of his thought and his time to the study of the en- tire problem presented in the North-West; and on the 28th September, Mr. McDougall was appointed lieutenant-governor of the North-West territories and Rupert's Land, at a salary of $7,000 per annum. During the next month the lieut-governor elect set out for his seat of government, and on the 30th of the month reached Pembina. In the meantime Col. Dennis, with a large staff had been sent out to make surveys in the country, and the Metis population felt in- dignant that he should have come into ter- ritory not yet in possession of his govern- ment, and begin laying down new lines and abolishing old ones without so much as saying "by your leave." Then, demogogues had gone through the country declaring that the half-breed people had been trans- ferred from the jurisdiction of the Hudson Bay Company to the government of Canada like a flock of sheep without having been consulted. There was really no grievance in the matter; though it would have showed greater tact had the people been advised and formally apprised of the trans- fer by properly accredited agents. Louis Riel was now abroad in the territories, and with his usual lack of capacity for seeing beyond the immediate time and the present 558 A CYCLOPEDIA OF circumstances, allowed himself to be carried by his ambition almost beyond the domain of reason. A national council was formed, with a man named Bruce at its head, though the potential head was Riel, and by this body the lieutenant-governor was forbade to enter the territories. Mr. McDougall disregarded the order, however, crossed the line, and quartered himself and his staff at a post of the Hudson Bay Company. But a party of half-breeds came there, displayed much excitement, and made divers threats if he did not return. Deeming prudence to be the better part of valour, and being, at any rate, powerless to fight his way to Fort Garry, the governor retraced his steps to the southern side of the line. Then the Metis under Riel, became more insolent. They secured Fort Garry; proclaimed them- selves masters of the territory ; and em- blasoned their dominion by the trial and execution of Thomas Scott. Without a patient and a thorough hearing of the case, and to cover its own criminal indecision, ignorance and tardiness, the government seemed to throw the blame of the miscar- riage of its scheme upon Mr. McDougall, and appointed another gentleman to the admin- istration of government in Manitoba. But in the mean time, Mr. McDougall had re- turned to Ontario ; though he did so only after he had discovered that the Govern- ment had refused to accept the transfer of the territory at the time stipulated. They had simply sent Mr. McDougall, with a personal staff, to a country seeth- ing with revolt ; and then left him single- handed to deal with the insurgents. We never remember having read anything more criminal and indefensible. Mr. McDougall was afterwards appointed by the Hon. Sandfield Macdonald govern- ment trustee of the Canada Southern Rail- way municipal bonds. After his return from England in 1873, whither he had pro- ceeded on important government business, he became a member of the law firm of Mc- Dougall & Gordon, Toronto. In May, 1875, he became the representative of South Simcoe, in the legislature of Ontario, and sat in the house till 1878, when he stood for Halton in the House of Commons. He was elected, and sat for Halton till the last general elections. Mr. McDougall has been twice married. His first wife was Amelia Caroline,daughter of Joseph Easton, of Millbank, County of York. She died in 1869 ; and Mr. McDougall married again in 1872, Mary Adelaide, daughter of Dr. John Beatty, formerly a professor in the Univer- sity of Victoria College, Cobourg. Mr. McDougall is one of the foremost constitu- tional lawyers in Canada, and one of our very ablest public men. We have no doubt that the country is destined yet to hear much from a man so distinguished. Spiers, William, Berlin, Ontario, was born on his father's farm of Knowhead, Gal- ston, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 15th of August, 1825. His father, John Spiers, was born near Kilmarnock, and the birthplace of his mother, Elizabeth Brown, was Kil- maurs, Scotland. There were not superior educational advantages within the reach of William Spiers, but he attended the school in the village of Darvel, near his native place, where he received a plain, sound educa- tion. He lived with his parents on the old homestead farm till 1853. A few years pre- viously he had sought to induce the owner of the farm to build new houses and a new road to it, but this man would not consent. Mr. Spiers cropped the best of the farm for a few years, and then gave up the lease, which had seven or eight years to run. He invested the proceeds of the farm for the benefit of his parents, and sailed for Canada in the fall of 1856. Here he had to begin anew, penniless, and without a trade. His half- brother, William Osborne, now of Hamilton, and his brother, David Spiers, of Galt, who were then in company, carrying on a large business in the latter town, opened a branch store in Berlin, in the spring of 1857, and William Spiers' first employment was being sent from Galt, on the 8th of May, with a load of carpenters. He next had a number of plasterers and painters to look after till the 23rd July, on which day the store was opened. The firm sent up one of their most experienced young men to manage the busi- ness, and he remained for two years or bet- ter. From the beginning Mr. Spiers kept the cash book and the keys of the building. At that time the other clerk made things so unpleasant for Mr. Spiers that he deter- mined that either one or the other must leave, and at the same time handed in his resignation. The affair ended with the domi- neering young man being removed to Galt. The only assistant he had now left was an apprentice boy, Joseph F. Eby, now of the firm of Eby, Blain & Co, who remained with him four and a half years. The Galt firm seemed to have doubts about his ability to manage the business, and made several pro- posals of partnership, all of which he re- fused. He offered, however, to risk his salary against any loss that he would make the first year, which was accepted. But CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 559 instead of making any loss, stock-taking showed that he had made enough to cover losses during the first two years, and had also a nice little sum to the good. After this period things went on smoothly enough from year to year till 1864, when Mr. Spiers bought out the business. With the slender capital, he having only the savings from a small salary, he was obliged to watch very closely for the first two or three years. Ten years later, in 1874, he was induced to pur- chase the buildings, which he now occupies. The last ten years has been a continuation of the same business with little change, and William Spiers has always been able to pay a hundred cents in the dollar, and has never had a note protested. In poli- tics Mr. Spiers takes considerable interest, but he is of too independent a turn of mind to give his allegiance to any party. In re- ligion he is a member of the Reformed Pres- byterian church, or Covenanters, as that body is called. Up to the time of his leav- ing Scotland, he was a member of this com- munion, and the people preserve the mem- ory of the old times by holding services still at Drumclog, where Mr. Spiers used to attend. The subject of this sketch has not married. Dupuis, Thomas R., M.D., F.R.C. P.S.K., M.R.C.S., Eng., Kingston, On- tario, was born in the township of Ernest - town, on March 25, 1833. He moved with his parents to Portland, Frontenac county,in 1834, where he was brought up. His father was Joseph Dupuis, who was born in the Coun- ty of Maskinonge, Province of Quebec, be- ing a descendant from an old Dupuis family, which was amongst the first settlers of Low- er Canada. M. Dupuis, senr., enlisted in the Canadian militia when a young man, and was at the battle of Chrysler's Farm ; came thence to Kingston, where he was discharg- ed, and received his scrip for land. Dr. Du- puis' mother was Eleanor, a daughter of James Baker, who was born at Tarrytown, New York state, in 1767, and left there with his father, Samuel, on the breaking out of the revolution. After suffering much hard- ship, the family reached Nova Scotia, being known as U. E. loyalists. The son entered the British army and served seventeen years, sometime in Jamaica, but chiefly in the maritime provinces and in Newfoundland. He married, and his only child, Eleanor, was born in Halifax, February 25th, 1800. He afterwards moved to Kingston, where Eleanor Baker married Joseph Dupuis. Joseph Dupuis and wife lived for some time in Kingston, then settled in Ernesttown, where two sons were born to them, and afterwards bought a farm in the township of Portland, Frontenac county, where two other sons were born. Joseph Dupuis' family consisted of four sons, the eldest of which is a farmer, the second is our subject, the third is professor of mathema- tics in the University of Queen's College, and the fourth is dead. Thomas R. was brought up to farming, educated at the common school, before and during the com- mencement of Dr. Ryerson's common school system. He studied classics and mathe- matics at an academy in Kingston, and ob- tained a first-class certificate, taught school several years, and privately studied the various branches of a liberal education during that time. He entered the medi- cal school of Queen's College in 1856, and graduated M.D. in the spring of 1860. He practised first for a short time at Harrow- smith ; then at Odessa ; and in the spring of 1872 moved to Kingston. In 1864 he spent a summer in the Armory Square hospital, Washington, D.C., as assistant surgeon, United States army. In 1870 he took a summer session in the Harvard Medical school, attending the Massachusetts and City hospitals in Boston, and studying dis- eases of the eye under Drs. Williams and Derby, of the eye infirmaries. In 1871 he received the diploma of Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Sur- geons of Kingston. In 1881 he crossed the ocean, and took the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Dr. Dupuis was inspector of schools for Portland, Barrie, Clarendon, Hinchinbrooke and Kennebec, for the years 1859 and 1860 ; was trustee of the public school at Odessa from 1862 to 1869 ; was aiderman of the City of Kingston from 1874 to 1880, and again in 1882. He has been surgeon of Kingston hospital since 1874. He joined the Orange order in 1858, but for certain reasons has never taken an active part in that body; he became a master Mason in 1873. He has always been a Liberal-Con- servative in politics ; and is a member of the Sons of Temperance. In 1878 he was soli- citated to offer himself as a candidate for M.P. for the County of Frontenac, on an independent ticket, but declined the honour, on the grounds of being a personal friend and staunch supporter of the Hon. G. A. Kirkpatrick, and of having no ambition in that direction. Dr. Dupuis has travel- led considerably in the United States and the eastern parts of Canada. He has twice visited Great Britain and Ireland, France, A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 560 Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, and Hol- land, and once went through Italy, visiting Genoa, Pisa, Rome, Naples, Mount Vesu- vius and vicinity, Venice, Florence, Milan, Lake Maggiore, etc. He has written lengthy descriptions of his travels. In religious matters he is inclined to be rational. He was brought up between the Methodist and English churches, but chiefly in the former. He could not find scope for reason in the dogmas of theology, and hence gradually dropped one after another, until he came to look upon religion as the highest system of morality, having claims upon us from its intrinsic adaptability to our needs, rather than from any divine authority which it possesses. He married, on the 23rd day of January, 1861, Elizabeth E., second daugh- ter cf Denis Lake, of the township of Port- land, a very wealthy and influential farmer. He has had five children ; the first and sec- ond died when young ; the last three are still living, the oldest two being at college. Dr. Dupuis is still a young man in his feel- ing and activities, doing a large practice, attending to college and hospital duties, and taking an active part in municipal and other public matters. The cause that led him into the profession of medi- cine was that which leads many another young man into it, namely, the facility with which its studies may be pursued, and the fact that medical men are scattered all over the country, and act as incentives to others to enter the profession. We may add that Dr. Dupuis was appointed professor of bot- any in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Kingston, in 1868 ; that he va- cated the chair of botany and accepted that of anatomy in 1873, and still holds this by choice. He was appointed lecturer on clin- ical surgery in 1880, the duties of which he still performs. He was elected to the coun- cil of Queen's University in 1877 ; elected again in 1882, and still retains the office. The Dr. is a good general scholar, able to read several languages, and well informed on almost every topic, a popular and effec- tive speaker, a fluent and graceful writer, a poet of considerable talent, and perhaps the ablest class lecturer in the Medical school at Kingston. Murphy, John Bernard, M. D., C.M., Belleville, Ont, was born in the town- ship of Asphodel, County of Peterborough, on the 31st of March, 1850. His father was Timothy Murphy, and his mother Catherine McCarthy. His father came to Asphodel, from the County of Cork, Ireland, with his parents, in 1829, being then only five years of age, |and remained there until his death, which took place on the 7th of August, 1884, he was one of the most successful farmers in the township. His mother settled in the township with her parents about the same time, and is still alive. John Bernard Murphy was educa- ted at the Norwood Grammar school, after- wards at St. Michael's college, Toronto, and finally at Queen's college, Kingston, where he graduated in medicine in due course. Having filled the honorary posi- tion of house surgeon to the General hos- pital for a year, he removed to Belleville, in 1876, and began the practice of his pro- fesson. In 1881 he received the appoint- ment of physician to the Ontario Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, which office he still holds. Dr. Murphy is a Liberal in politics, and is 1st vice-president of the Hastings Re- form Association. He is a Roman catholic, both of his parents having professed the same religious belief. He married at Toronto, on July 22nd, 1885, Anna, third daughter of the late L. G. Bolster, and sister of Lancelot Bolster, assistant manager of the Bank of Commerce at Toonto. Ross, John Jeremiah, General Man- ager of the Erie and Huron Railway, Chat- ham, Ontario, was born at Toronto, on the 2nd April, 1843. His father was John Ross and his mother Elizabeth Fraser. J. J. Ross was educated at the Model and Public schools of his native city, but when he had attained his fourteenth year he began to learn electric telegraphy. He obtained a position in the superintendent's office of the Northern Railway as telegraph oper- ator ; subsequently became station agent at Angus ; was clerk and operator at Collingwood, in 1864-65 ; station agent at Barrie from 1865 to 1867; agent of the through freight and shipping department, and had charge of the Northern Railway el- evator at Toronto, from 1867 to 1871. He now resigned his position, and accepted the Toronto agency of the Nipissing Railway, then just opened. In March, 1874, Mr. Ross accepted the office of secretary and superintendent of the Whitby and Port Perry Railway at Whitby, where he re- mained until the road was sold to the Grand Trunk Company, and amalgamated with the Midland Railway system, about 1882. He then removed to Belleville, as assistant superintendent of the Grand Junction div- ision of the Midland Railway, which position he held until August, 1883. In September of the same year he left for Cal- ifornia and British Columbia, spending two CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 561 months on the Pacific coast. In February, 1884, he accepted the office which he now holds, that of superintendent of the Erie and Huron Railway. Manning, Alexander, ex-Mayor of the City of Toronto, was born in Ireland, and came to Canada when a young man. Having some friends in Toronto, he re- mained in that city for a short time, and then went to the Western States. After spending a short time in the west, and hav- ing made some money, he returned to To- ronto, where he took up his permanent abode. Ambition, industry, and a capable head soon brought him to the front, and ere long Mr. Manning became a successful con- tractor. His large property stakes in To- ronto induced him to give some attention to municipal affairs, and in 1856-7 he entered the city council as aiderman for St. Law- rence ward, and he was returned eight years in succession to the aldermanic board. In 1873 he was elected mayor ; and in 1885 he was chosen to fill the same high position. In 1886 he again offered himself for election, but to the great regret of his many friends, he was defeated by W. H. Howland after a very exciting contest. To show the high respect in which Mr. Manning was held by the members of the city council, the follow- ing resolution was unanimously passed by them when he retired from the chair in Jan- uary, 1886 :-" That this council cannot ad- journ without placing on record and convey- ing to His Worship the Mayor, Alexander Manning, their high sense of the ability, care and impartiality with which he has pre- sided over the deliberations of the council during a year of marked effort and progress, and of the earnest zeal he has conspicuously manifested to watch over the city's interests in every matter, whether pf large or minute detail, sparing neither time nor effort to en- sure a faithful administration of civic ex- penditure. They beg further to assure His Worship that he takes with him on leaving the chair the respectful, heartfelt and lasting good wishes of every member of the council. That a copy of this resolution be suitably engrossed and presented to His Worship." During one of Mr. Manning's terms of the mayoralty, he entertaiaed the Duke of Man- chester ; and he placed his handsome resi- dence on Wellington street, with its com- modious grounds, at the disposal of Lord Dufferin, when he, as governor-general, was visiting Toronto. " Knowing how ex- pensive politics are," says Mr. Davin, in the ' Irishman in Canada,' " he has hitherto kept out of those engulfing waters. He has a reputation it would take a Rembrandt to paint. Beneath the shrewdness and deter- mination without which wealth cannot be made, there is a tender heart and, in the midst of shading, which would seem to in- dicate hardness of character, shine out one or two large acts of spirited and apparently even reckless generosity. A deviser of schemes, he has learned how to use men ; and always on the alert to put a little train of one kind or another in motion, he is suspicious lest he himself should be taken in and too cheaply used. When addressing the electors at one of the hotels, during a contest for the mayoralty, he properly boasted that he had been a working-man. There could not be a better instance than is furnished by Alexander Manning of what Canada can do for persons with brains and thrift. Mr. Manning has been a useful citizen, and may yet play a more prominent part in politics when, satisfied with the wealth he has acquired, he throws contract- ing aside." Mr. Manning is an extensive dealer in real estate, and has erected some splendid buildings in the City of Toronto. Among these may be mentioned the Ar- cade, which, at the time of writing, is in course of erection on King street. The Grand Opera House is also the property of Mr. Manning. Christie, Hon. J. W., Brookville, was born at Fort Albany, East Hudson Bay, on the 19th January, 1824. His father entered the Hudson Bay Company's service in 1809, and rose rapidly, being chief factor in 1821. He was subsequently given charge of York Factory, Moose and Fort Garry; and he was for many years governor of the Assini- boine district, now Manitoba. He retired in 1849, and died in his native country, Scotland, aged eighty-nine, leaving a name honoured to this day throughout the North- West. J. W. Christie, we learn from an ac- count lying before us, was sent to Aberdeen, Scotland, to be educated, and returned to this continent with Sir George Simpson, in 1841, almost immediately entering the ser- vice at Lake Superior. In 1843 he went to the northern department, and was one year at Rocky Mountain house, trading with Blackfeet Indians. He was next stationed at York Factory, where he stayed four years, being thence promoted to Fort Churchill, H. B., where he remained four years, and was transferred to the Swan River district, Fort Belly ; after six years he was promoted to the charge of the Saskatchewan district, which he retained fourteen years, when in 1872, upon the re-organization of the Hud- 562 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF son Bay Company's business, he was made inspecting chief factor and supervisor of the country from Fort Garry to the Arctic re- gions, comprising Swan river, the Saskatch- ewan, English river, Athabaska, and the McKenzie river districts. On returning from his tour of inspection, Mr. Christie re- signed and settled at Brockville, in 1873, after thirty-one years' active service. Dur- ing the Riel insurrection, Mr. Christie was in charge of the Saskatchewan district, and his tact, management and great popularity with the half-breeds and natives undoubt- edly saved the Hudson Bay Company from immense loss. It would have been easy for the disaffected to have cut off the northern posts, which at the outbreak of the distur- bances were almost entirely without supplies, but Mr. Christie managed to avoid a blockade, and early got out a supply of pro- visions to Norway House depot for the sum- mer's transport business. In the spring of 1874, the Dominion government being about to make a treaty with the Plain Dis- trict Crees, Mr Christie was appointed one of the commissioners for that purpose, and when a council was appointed to aid the lieutenant-governor of Manitoba and the North-West, he was requested to form one of that body. Throughout the administra- tions of Governors Simpson, Dallas and McTavish, he was a commissioned officer and member of council, and in various ways rendered conspicuous services. His name is mentioned in very flattering terms in Captain Palliser's report of the expedition of 1858-9, and the same may be said of all parliamentary papers referring to the North- West. A brief account of some of Mr. Christie's journeyings may prove interesting to those only accustomed to Palace cars. In 1861, having with difficulty obtained leave of absence for six months, for the pur- pose of visiting Scotland, Mr. Christie set out from York Factory, on the 19th Septem- ber, in the Hudson Bay Company's sailing vessel Prince of Wales, 550 tons, captain D. J. Herd. The bay was crossed in three days, and the straits cleared in a week. It took only ten days to run from Resolu- tion to the Lizard, and but for a thick fog in the English Channel, which detained the vessel several days, the passage from York Factory to the East India docks, London, would have been made in twenty days. This achievement will be interesting to the advocates of the scheme for shipping the grain of the west to Europe via Hudson's Bay. The route is undoubtedly short, but the early close of navigation is a formidable obstacle. However, to resume, on the 4th January, 1862, Mr. Christie embarked on a Cunard steamer for New York, thence took train for Lacrosse, thence by four-horse coach to St. Paul, from whence the journey to Georgetown, Red river, occupied eight days. Here dog-trains were ready to make the run to Pembina, five days, where a horse cariole was brought into requisition for the seventy miles to Fort Garry. He was thus enabled to report on the 20th February, the very day on which his leave expired. After a week's rest, he started for Fort Edmonton, 1,000 miles distant, and accomplished the trip in twenty-eight days, with dog sleds. Staying here a month, he left for Carleton, 600 miles down the Sas- katchewan river by boat, and returned to Fort Garry, 500 miles, on horseback. Re- maining a few days, he started with Messrs. Dallas, McTavish and Graham, for Norway house, north of Lake Winnipeg, to hold the North-West Fur Council, after which hav- ing been appointed to take charge of an ex- pedition of two north canoes to convey Governor Dallas on a tour of inspection, he set out, 28th June, via Cumberland house, Isle Lacrosse, to Portage Laloche, 1,600 miles, and accomplished the journey in sixteen days. Portage Laloche is nine miles long. One of the canoes was carried across, and the other sent back to Mont- real. Continuing their journey, Messrs. Dallas and Christie went down Clear Water and Athabaska rivers to Fort Chipewyan, thence up Peace river to Dunvegan, seven- teen days' paddling against the stream. Returning to Heart river, a clerk, men and twenty pack-horses assisted them across the portage to Lesser Slave Lake, three days' journey, where the party exchanged the canoe for a boat manned by eight men and were rowed via Lesser Slave Lake river and Athabasca river to Post Assini- boine, where thirty pack-horses were ready to transport the expedition across the eighty miles to Fort Edmonton. After a week at the fort, they set out with a light boat and eight men for Carleton House, six days' journey. Here Governor Dallas started for Fort Garry across the Plains, and Mr Christie returned to Edmonton to winter, having been travelling in all sorts of ways from September, 1861, to October, 1862, during which period he must have covered over fourteen thousand miles. An- other time, he made a tour of inspection from Fort Garry to Fort Simpson, about 2,000 miles, which was accomplished with the aid of horses, boats and canoes, in forty- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 563 one days. The return journey was made in winter, leaving Fort Simpson, December 5, with a cariole, two dog trains, a clerk, in- terpreter and two men. It occupied fifty- four days. Not a mishap occurred either way. Mr. Christie was appointed by the government in 1874, commissioner to nego- tiate a treaty with the Plain Indians. His co-commissioners were the Hon. D. Laird and Hon. Alex. Morris, and the treaty was satisfactorily concluded at Fort Qu'Appelle in that year. In 1875, Mr. Christie again visited the North West territory alone in his capacity as commissioner, to secure the adhesion of the chiefs who were absent when the treaty was made. This he accomplished. In 1876 he was again appointed Indian com- missioner, having as confreres Hon. A. Morris and Hon. Mr. McKay, to conclude a treaty with the Plain Crees of the* Sas- katchewan, and which treaty being effected is known to history as treaty number six. A few years subsequently, he was offered the appointment of Indian Commissioner, in the North-West Territory, but wishing retirement after an active life, he declined acceptance. Mr. Christie was peculiarly fitted for this position, as about twenty years of his life while in the Hudson Bay service was spent in dealing with the Plain Indians, during which time he became thoroughly conversant with their language, and also understood the peculiar traits of the Indian character. Noth withstanding the arduous life he has lived, he is full of enthusiasm as to the future of the North- West, so much so, that three of his sons now are occupying positions in the Hudson Bay service. In religion he is a Presby- terian. Mr. Christie's beautiful villa, at Brookville, is known as Edgar place. Dodd, Murray, Q.C., M.P., for Cape Breton, Sydney, was born at Sydney, on the 23rd May, 1843. He is a member of one of the oldest and most prominent fami- lies in Canada. His grandfather, the Hon. Archibald Charles Dodd, came to Cape Bre- ton, from England, in 1784, and was shortly afterwards appointed president of the Coun- cil of the Island of Cape Breton. He was subsequently appointed chief justice, and while acting as such administered the gov- ernment of the island for a period. M urray Dodd is a son of the Hon. Edmund Murray Dodd, who was judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia for twenty-six years,by Caro- line Maria, daughter of the late John Ritchie of Sydney. He received his early educa- tional instruction at Sydney, and afterwards proceeded to Sackville, New Brunswick, where he completed his studies. On leav- ing Sackville, he entered upon the study of law at Sydney, in the office of D. N. Mac- Queen, Q.C., and on the 2nd May, 1865, was called to the bar of Nova Scotia, when he at once began to practice his profession at Sydney. His ability was not of the or- dinary kind, and it was acknowledged that he was well versed in the law; so that it is not surprising to learn that he was soon in the front rank of his profession. On the 1st of October, 1867, he was ap- pointed registrar of the Court of Probate for the County of Cape Breton, holding this of- fice till 1872, when he was appointed judge of probate for the same county. In Octo- ber, 1879, he resigned the judgeship of pro- bate to contest the County of Cape Breton for the House of Commons; but he was defeated. In the following year he was in- vested with the Counsellors silken gown ; and at the last general election he achieved the object of his ambition, by being elected for his native county, Cape Breton. Mr. Dodd has much energy, and he is a man who, without ostentation, established him- self in a prominent place in the House of Commons ; and his constituents have in him a useful, devoted and influential repre- sentative. He married at Sydney Mines, on the 18th December, 1879, Laura Isabel, second daughter of Blowers Archibald, of that place. Gwynne, Hon. John Wellington, Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, was born at Cable Knock, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, on the 30th of March, 1814. He is a son of the late Rev. William Gwynne, D.D, and of Eliza his wife, who was a daughter of the Rev. N. Nelson, Dunshaughlin, County of Meath, Ireland. He entered Trinity College, Dub- lin, July, 1828. In 1832, when yonng Gwynne was in his eighteenth year, he arrived in Canada, at once commenced the study of the law in the office of Thomas Kirkpatrick, barrister of Kingston, and in 1837, in Trinity term, he was called to the bar of Upper Canada. At the general elec- tion of 1847, he offered himself as a candi- date for Huron in the Legislative Assembly of Canada; but he was unsuccessful. In July, 1852, he married Julia, the youngest daughter of the late Dr. Durie, K.H. of Craigluscar. In November, 1868, he was appointed a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Ontario. In 1879 he was appoint- ed a judge of the Supreme Court of Canada. Himself and his family are members of the Episcopal Church. A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 564 Colby, Charles Carroll, M.P., for Stanstead, Province of Quebec, was born at Derby, in the State of Vermont, on the 10th of December, 1827. His paternal ancestors removed from Chester, England, to Massa- chusetts in 1632. On the maternal side, he is a descendant of the Stoddards, one of the old and leading families of Connecticut. His father, the late Moses French Colby, M.A., M.D., received his scientific and medical education at Dartmouth, Yale and Harvard colleges, in the United States ; removed to Stanstead with his family, in 1842, represented Stanstead in the Provin- cial Legislature at Quebec, at and prior to the outbreak of the rebellion of 1837, was surgeon of militia and volunteers during the rebellion, and died at Stanstead May 4th, 1863, aged sixty-seven years. He was an able, inquiring and forceful man, and was distinguished for his enterprise and public spirit as well as by his rare attainments, and success in the practice of medicine and sur- gery. The subject of this sketch graduated at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, in 1847, at the age of nineteen. He com- menced the study of law in the office of the late H. Bailey Terrill, M.P.P, at Stanstead, prosecuted his study in the offices of A. & G. Robertson, at Montreal, and Hon. J. S. Sanborn, at Sherbrooke, and in 1855 en- tered upon the practice of law at Stanstead, which he continued with success until elected to the House of Commons in 1867. Mr. Colby has been a leading promoter of, and a liberal contributor to, all public enter- prises in his neighbourhood. He is a trus- tee of Stanstead College, was a director of the Stanstead, Sheffbrd and Chambly Rail- way Company, the Waterloo and Magog Railway Company, and the Massowippi Val- ley Railway Company, during the construc- tion of those railroads ; is at present a di- rector of the Cumberland Coal and Railway Company, the Magog Textile and Print Company, and of the International Railway Company, and is president of the Interna- tional Railway Company of Maine, which latter are links in the projected Short Line from Montreal to the maritime ports, an enterprise which he has for many years ac- tively promoted. Mr. Colby defeated the government candidate in 1867, and entered parliament as an independent Cor servative. He was returned by acclamation in 1872, and again in 1874, and was elected by large majorities in 1878 and 1882. He has been a steady supporter of the Conservative gov- ernment in its policy of progress, protection and development, and during the adminis- tration of Mr. Mackenzie was in opposition. In parliament he has taken a leading part in the discussion of many important, econ- omic and practical questions, but has rarely interested himself in the speculative and theoretical. As a parliamentary debater he is clear, fluent, logical and effective, and on notable occasions he has contributed to the information of the House. By close adher- ance to the subject matter in hand, and by his earnest and persuasive method of speech he always commands the attention and re- spect of his hearers. As early as the session of 1868, in his speech upon the hop duty, he declared his belief that a defensive policy against the high tariff of the neighbouring country was the true policy for Canada, and in 1879, when speaking upon the same sub- ject, he urged the adoptim of " a national policy based to some extent on the idea of reciprocity of tariffs." In 1870 and 1871 he urged similar views, and again in 1876,1877 and 1878. His speech in the session of 1878 was circulated throughout every constitu- ency in the Dominion as a campaign docu- ment, and had a powerful influence upon the result. In 1871 and 1872 he introduced bills for the repeal of the Insolvency Act, and carried them by votes in the House of Commons, against the government and lead- ing members of the opposition. On the first occasion the bill was thrown out by the speaker, at the third reading, on a point of order, and on the latter it was rejected by the Senate. In 1879 he was chairman of the select committee on Bankruptcy and Insol- vency, and in 1880 he introduced and carried through the bill which finally repealed the law. While the late Sir Francis Hincks was finance minister, Mr. Colby's speeches pre- vailed with him to withdraw the government proposition relating to export duties upon bark, and to greatly modify the features of his general banking bill relating to the capitalization of banks. His speeches upon insurance, the acquisition of the Hudson Bay company's territory and Rupert's Land, the annexation of British Columbia, and the Panama canal, were powerful, and effective. To him the country is largely indebted for the reduction of the petroleum duties and for the safe inspection of illuminating oil. In the session of 1885 his speeches upon the Scott act amendment, and upon the subsidy to the Short Line Railway from Montreal to the maritime ports very evidently effected the votes. Mr. Colby's record in parlia- ment is that of a practical and clear-minded working and speaking member, and his uni- form courtesy is appreciated by his political CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 565 opponents. He is not a too frequent speaker, and is always listened to with marked attention. In December, 1858, he married Harriet Child of Weybridge, Ver- mont, a lady of high culture, by whom he has two daughters and two sons. Miller, Hon. William, Q.C., Speaker of the Senate of Canada, Halifax, was born at Antigonish, Nova Scotia, on the 12th February, 1835. He is descended on the paternal side from a family that emigrated from Belfast, Ireland, in 1720, and settled in Maine. A branch of the family removed to Colchester, Nova Scotia, in 1760, and the great-grandfather of William Miller was one of the original grantees of the township of Truro. The father of the subject of our sketch was Charles Miller, Antigonish ; and his mother was Eliza, daughter of Richard Smith, who with his family emigrated to Nova Scotia from the County Wicklow, Ire- land, in 1811. William Miller received his education at the St. Andrew's Grammar school and the Antigonish academy; and when his educational course was ended, after teaching a common school for a few years, he began the study of law. In 1860 he was called to the bar of Nova Scotia, and began practising his profession in Hali- fax, where he has since won bright profes- sional laurels. In 1872 he was appointed Queen's Counsel, and upon few men in Canada has the silken gown been more de- servedly bestowed. Early in life Senator Miller was known as a close student of poli- tical questions, and in 1863 commenced his political career by obtaining the election to the Nova Scotia Assembly for Richmond, and occupying that seat till confederation, four years later. While a member of the local legislature he was a zealous advocate of union, delivering many powerful speeches in advocacy of that measure. But while a zealous supporter of the scheme of union, pure and simple, he was opposed to the financial con- ditions and some other details of the Quebec scheme ; and it was on his suggestion, and with his assistance, that the compromise was effected whereby the delegation to England was appointed in 1866, to secure, under the auspices of the Imperial authorities, such modifications of the general scheme as would make it more fair and acceptable to the people of Nova Scotia. He was nominated a delegate to the London Colonial confer- ence of 1866-67, but declined the appoint- ment. Upon the consummation of union he was called to the Senate by Royal proclama- tion. In the Senate he has been an active and vigorous member ; and if the bulk of the gentlemen comprising that body were to exhibit the vigour and the mastery of public questions that Senator Miller displays, it would meet with less hostile criticism than is now too frequently bestowed upon it. He has, for several sessions, been chairman of the Private Bills committee, and has been chairman of the Contingent committee (in- ternal economy). He has twice refused a seat on the bench ; once when offered by Premier Mackenzie, and again by Sir John A. Macdonald. That he would have adorned the bench is beyond question, though we have cause for satisfaction that his states- man-like abilities have been preserved to the wider sphere. On the 17th October, 1883, he was appointed Speaker of the Sen- ate, which position he fills with ability, with dignity, and with perfect satisfaction. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, but as a senator he has not developed any party views. Bucke, Richard Maurice, M. D., London, Ontario, was born at Meth wold, County of Norfolk, England, on the 18th March, 1837. Dr. Bucke is a great-great- great grandson of the celebrated prime minis- ter, Sir Robert Walpole, first earl of Orford, and grand nephew of Charles Bucke, author of works on the "Beauties of Nature" and "Ruins of Ancient Cities." These works have by no means " drifted down stream into oblivion's sea," but are still issued from the presses of Harper & Bros., of New York. Dr. Bucke is a son of the Rev. Horatio Wal- pole Bucke, a minister of the Church of Eng- land, who moved with his family to Upper Canada when Maurice was one year old. The Rev. Mr. Bucke died in 1855. He married Clarissa Andrews, of Milden-hall, Suffolk, England, who afterwards became the mother of the subject of this sketch. The family settled three miles east of London, and Richard Maurice Bucke was brought up, strangely enough, upon a farm not a hun- dred rods from the asylum which he now superintends. The lad was educated in the London Grammar school; but in 1853 he set out upon a tour of travel, proceeding to California by the overland route and return- ing via Panama, in 1858. He attended Mc- Gill University for four years, studying medicine and surgery ; and he graduated in 1862 as first prize student. He then spent two years in additional professional study at London, England and at Paris. He re- turned to Canada in 1864, and made a second trip to California, but this time, in the interests of the Gould & Curry Silver Mining Company. Dr. Bucke returned to 566 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Canada the following year, settling in Sar- nia, where he practised his profession for ten years. In 1876 he was appointed medical su- perintendent of the Asylum for the Insane at Hamilton, Ont. ; and in February of the fol- lowing year, upon the demise of Dr. Landor, received promotion by appointment as medi- cal superintendent of a similar institution at London. Under Dr. Bucke's manage- ment there is the most thorough satisfaction, and he seems to possess peculiar and un- usual fitness for his responsible position. Additions from time to time have been made to the buiidings ; he is continually improv- ing the grounds-indeed he makes it the study of his life to increase the comforts of the unfortunate creatures committed to his care. The London Insane Asylum is the largest in the province ; and gentlemen who are familiar with similar institutions in the United States, declare that they have never seen a better managed establishment than that under the charge of Dr. Bucke. Dr. Bucke is author of a work on " Man's Moral Nature," which he published in 1879. He gave much thought and time to his subject, and was rewarded by finding a hearty re- ception accorded to the book upon its ap- pearance. Various newspapers bore tribute to its merit; and the Hamilton Times de- clared, and very justly, "It is such trea- tises as this which awaken and quicken thought, and open up almost boundless fields for speculation." The Christian Register, of Boston, describes it as " the work of a man who writes with intelligence and a charming spirit of candour; " and adds, that the style " is clear and strong, and the moral tone pure." In 1882 he published a second work, "Walt Whitman," which has been highly praised by such competent critics as Profes- sor Edward Dowden, of Dublin University, and Walter Sloane Kennedy, of Boston. This work has been re-published in England, and has had a large sale. Besides these books, Dr. Bucke has published many ar- ticles in Psychological and other journals. Dr. Bucke married, in 1865, Jessie Maria Gurd, of Moore, Ontario, by whom he has had eight children, seven of whom sur- vive. Hodgins, John George, M.A., LL.D., F.RjG.S., Deputy Minister of Ed- ucation for Ontario, Toronto, was born at Dublin, Ireland, on August 12th, 1821. He came with some relatives to Canada when in his twelfth year, and received his education in the Province of Ontario. He attended Up- per Canada Academy and Victoria College, Cobourg, and received his degree from the Victoria University. He likewise graduated in the faculty of law in Toronto University, from which institution he received, in 1860, the degree of LL.B., and in 1870, that of LL.D. Dr. Hodgins was called to the bar of Ontario in the last mentioned year. But it is not as a lawyer that Dr. Hodgins calls for our admiration, though we may well be sure that had a man so eminently gifted devoted his time and his enthusiasm to the legal profession, he would have won laurels there, as he has done in the walk which he has chosen. It is as an educationist that the biographer's attention is directed to the sub- ject of this sketch. In 1844 began the con- nection of Dr. Hodgins with educational work, and since that time his career has been marked by the most patient industry, by unflagging zeal, and above all, by a genius for organization, and for keeping the educational system commensurate with the needs of the public. In 1846 he became secretary of the Board of Education for Upper Canada, which body was afterwards designated the Council of Public Instruc- tion. To the responsible position of dep- uty head of Education he was appointed in 1855. Never has public man, in this coun- try, of whom we have any knowledge, sought with greater conscienciousness, to fit himself for the trust reposed in him, than did the newly appointed deputy of Educa- tion. He spent, at his own expense, in 1845, after receiving his first appointment, a year in Dublin, familiarizing himself with the details of management in the office of the National Board of Education in Ireland, and in mastering the methods in the Normal and Model schools. But, as we might well surmise, Dr. Hodgins was not one who would rest satisfied with methods that he had seen adopted by others, excellent though the regimen was. The condition of things in this country differed widely from the state of affairs in Ireland ; and what the new officer set himself with heart and soul to do, was to apply so much of the Irish national system as was adapted here, and from his own brain to round and perfect the system. How well he has done that is now a matter of history. As an acknowledgment for his labour in founding "a new department" of the government, he received, by Order in Council, in 1856, a special " good service" allowance of £50 a year, in addition to his regular salary. The late lamented Dr. Ryerson, himself a giant among public men, as among education- ists, knowing Dr. Hodgins intimately, thus wrote to the Hon. Edward Blake : " He is CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 567 the most thoroughly trained man in all Can- ada for the Education department; and is the ablest and most thorough administrator of a public department of any man whom I have met. I think he has not been appreci- ated according to his merits ; but should you create and fill the office of Minister of Public Instruction, you may safely confide the ordinary administration of the Education department to Dr. Hod gins, with the title of my office." Dr. Hodginshad laboured under Dr. Ryerson for thirty-three years ; whence it will be seen how important the tribute is that we have reproduced. Dr. Hodgins is an extensive writer on educational topics. He is the author of " Lovell's General Ge- ography," " First Steps in General Geog- raphy," " School History of Canada, and of the other British North American Pro- vinces." He published likewise the "Can- adian School Speaker and Reciter," the "School Manual," "Lectures on School Law," " Sketches and Anecdotes of the Queen," and " The School House." A very noted work of his too, was a " Report of the Educational Features of the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia." The writings of Dr. Hodgins are characterised by wide learning, accurate care, and profound con- sideration. His style is searching, clear and incisive, and you are never permitted to lose sight of the individuality of the man whose pages you are perusing. And what a charm this is in a writer. But the same fertile and restless pen has been busy in the periodical press on educational, histor- ical, commercial and social topics, and al- ways is the same power seen as we have just specified. Dr. Hodgins was one of the gentlemen under whose supervision the work " The Story of My life," by Dr. Ryer- son, was published, and he is author of several papers on the life and labours of the late great educationist. There is one admir- ably written memoir in the Canada School Journal, and there is a pamphlet entitled "Ryerson Memorial," from the same sympa- thetic and capable pen. (See memoir of Dr. Ryerson elsewhere in these pages.) With respect to the value of the works contribu- ted to educational literature by Dr. Hod- gins, we may say that they are scarcely less important than the life-long service which he has devoted to practical education itself ; and the highest authorities in the country, heads of the proper department and gover- nors-general, have been frequent with tes- timony of commendation and of admiration. It is easy for us in these days, when the educational system is in a state of perfect organization, and the wheels are turning of their own accord without jar or jolt, to un- derestimate what a task it was to create, from the incoherent fragments of the educa- tional order that prevailed when Dr. Hodg- ins came upon the scene, the smoothly moving and harmonious system of to-day. Side by side with his great chief has Dr. Hodgins ever striven in the cause of educa- tion ; and we have attributed so much to him, because upon his shoulders devolved for so long a period the actual and immedi- ate administration of the department. In social life, Dr. Hodgins is genial; and he is a gentleman of great culture. In benevo- lent or Christian work he is at the front whenever the occasion arises. He has been secretary of the Bible Society since 1860, and of the Anglican Synod of the diocese of Toronto since 1870, except for one year ; and he was president of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society in 1875. Dr. Hodgins married in 1840, at Dublin, Ireland, Fran- ces Rachel, eldest daughter of James Doyle, of Cloyne, County of Cork, by which union he has four sons living. The eldest is in the department of J ustice, at Ottawa ; the third is a barrister at Toronto ; the fourth is a mechanical engineer ; and the fifth is an under graduate of Toronto University. The second son is dead. Dr. Hodgins took part in the formation of the Queen's Own Rifles, and was appointed lieutenant in that corps 14th March, 1862, and captain in No. 9 company, East Toronto, on the 8th March, 1869. He holds a second class cer- tificate from the Military school, Toronto, dated the 8th September, 1866. In 1879 Dr. Hodgins received a decoration in gold, " Order af the Palm Leaf," from the French Minister of Public Instruction ; in 1885 he was elected a " corresponding fellow of the Academy of Sciences," New Orleans ; and in the same year he received from Lord Lansdowne a confederation medal, in appre- ciation of " Services as Public Officer and a Man of Letters." Baker, Rev. J. Stainers, Port Hope. This able divine was born at Bandon, Ire- land, in the year 1827, and he received his education at the school of Duke of Devon- shire, Bandon. In 1861 he was ordained dea- con, and in 1863 he received the order of priesthood. He was appointed by the Lord Bishop of Huron to Wyoming and the parts adjacent; and by Bishop Strachan as curate of St. James, Toronto. He afterwards be- came, in succession, incumbent of Cambell- ford, of Cookstown, and then rector of St. Marks, Port Hope. A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 568 Stuart, John, Hamilton, was born in Fifekeith, Banffshire, Scotland, on June 24th, 1830, and is a son of James and Mar- garet Stuart. His father was a builder, and in later years was employed in planning and superintending works and buildings through the county, but chiefly for the Earl of Fife, by whom he was held in great esteem. He died in 1839. John Stuart was educated in the parish school of Keith, receiving there a sound elementary training from a teacher renowned in the north of Scotland for suc- cess in teaching and training youth. After his early school period, he had several years training as clerk in a lawyer's office in Keith ; and in 1848 he emigrated to Canada. Mr. Stuart resided in Toronto from 1848 to 1864, and from the latter year to the present he has dwelt in Hamilton. During several of the later years of his residence in Toron- to, he was a member of the School Board and office-bearer in Knox Church. Since taking up his residence in Hamilton he has been largely connected with most of the railway and other public enterprises of the place. He was a director of the Wellington, Grey & Bruce Railway during its construc- tion ; and of the Hamilton & Lake Erie Railway until its amalgamation with the Hamilton & North-Western Railway. He has been president of the Hamilton & North-Western Railway from the incorpora- tion of the company ; and since its fusion with the N orthern Railway in 1879, has been a member of the executive committee of the combined companies, and a director and member of the executive of the Northern & Pacific Junction Railway. He also is a director of the Canada Life Assurance Com- pany; and was vice-president, and is now president, of the Bank of Hamilton. In politics Mr. Stuart is a Liberal, but he took no active part in politics until 1874, when he was invited to contest South Norfolk. He was elected in the reform interest, and sat in the first session of that parliament, but was unseated by the election court, and de- feated in the succeeding contest by the con- servative candidate, Wm. Wallace. Since that time he has been fully occupied with railway, banking and other business enter- prises, and has taken no part in politics. He has continuously lived in Canada except in 1872 and 1873, which years were largely passed in travel with his family in Europe. Mr. Stuart was born and brought up a Presbyterian, and is still so in feeling and sympathy, but, attaching less importance now to forms of worship or church govern- ment, he has, for family and other reasons, for some time worshipped in the Church of the Ascension (Episcopal church). He married in 1856, Jane, only daughter of John Jacques, of Toronto, and has had two sons and two daughters. One daughter died at seven years of age, and his second son, a bright and promising youth of seven- teen, was carried away by typhoid fever, contracted at Upper Canada College. The eldest son is now a partner in the firm of John Stuart, Son, & Co., of Hamilton. McKeough, John, Chatham, brother of William McKeough, a sketch of whose life appears on page 512 of this volume, was born at Thurles, County of Tipperary, Ire- land. He is a descendant of the Macindros- sers or Mackeoghs, who, in the ancient his- tory of Scotland, were clansmen of the Mac- dougals of Lome. The legend of the at- tempt of three of these to slay King Robert Bruce, is well-known to Scottish historians ; and how they succeeded in securing the famous "brooch of Lome," which was a personal ornament of King Robert Bruce. In the " Lord of the Isles," Sir Walter Scott recites the romantic and thrilling in- cident. The three daring clansmen, it will be remembered, lost their lives for their au- dacity. The grandfather of John McKeough, James, belonged to Rahealty, in the County of Tipperary, and was uncle of the late Hon. Mr. Justice Keough. The grandmo- ther of our subject was a sister of the Rev. Francis Mahony, the well-known "Father Prout," author of that marvellously musical poem, "The Bells of Shandon," beginning with this stanza : " With deep affection and recollection I often think of those Shandon bells, Whose sound so wild would in days of child- hood Fling round my cradle their magic spells." Thomas, the father of John McKeough, came to Canada while his children were yet young, and settled in Paris, Ontario. Some- time afterwards misfortunes of business came, and John McKeough and his brother William, found it necessary to take any em- ployment that offered. Our subject had a brave heart, and strong hands, and the dif- ficulties in his way soon began to disappear. Some years afterwards, he established in Chatham, in connection with his brother Wil- liam, a hardware and plumbing business, of which he is the senior partner. He stood bondsman for the treasurer of the town for over twenty years, which prevented him from taking any municipal office ; but had he chosen to enter public life, there would have been little difficulty in his way in do- CA NA DI A N BIO GRAPH Y. 569 ing so ; for besides the personal popularity that he enjoys through his sterling and un- obtrusive personal qualities, his judgment and abilities are held in very high regard. Mr. McKeogh is an active member of the Masonic order, and has held various im- portant offices in this body for years. He has travelled through part of the United States and all of Canada for plea- sure ; though with his keen powers of ob- servation he must have derived much prac- tical benefit from such travel. In young- er days he was a Wesleyan Methodist, but since marriage he has joined the Presby- terian church, of which body he is an ac- tive member. He married, in August, 1854, Mary Jane Dolsen, of Chatham, who is a descendant of the United Empire loyal- ists. John McKeough is a Liberal in poli- tics. Drennan, William Melville,Kings- ton, Ontario, was born on the 15th Novem- ber, 1853, at Kingston. He is a son of the late S. T. Drennan, (for sketch of whose life see page 480 of this volume) who was born on the Moravian settlement, County of Tyrone, Ireland, on the 20th of November, 1819. S. T. Drennan left Ireland when a boy, and proceeded with his father to Scot- land, where he was educated. Here he re- mained till 1841, when he emigrated to Kingston. He took, here, a clerkship in the dry goods store of R. Waddell & Co., Prin- cess street; but he tired of this sort of life after a few years, and secured the position of purser upon the passenger steamer Comet, afterwards the Mayflower, which was subse- quently blown up. The " ways of men up- on the deep " were not so fascinating as he had supposed that they would be, and he once more went ashore, and established a dry goods business with Mr. Kennedy. He afterwards engaged in the manufacture of furniture ; became aiderman for St. Law- rence ward, and afterwards mayor of the city. In 1879 he retired from public life. He was a man of wide and generous public spirit, and always showed a deep interest in the city's welfare. He laid the corner-stone of the fire-engine house, turned the first sod on the Kingston and Pembroke Railway, and was one of the directors of the House of In- dustry. Whenever royalty visited Kingston, he was invariably chosen as master of cere- monies. He had five children, four daugh- ters and one son, the latter being the sub- ject of this sketch. S. T. Drennan died in 1882, beloved and respected by the people of Kingston. W. M. Drennan was educat- ed at the Kingston College Institute, receiv- ing instruction in all the English branches, also in Latin, French, Greek, &c. He be- came a lieutenant of the P. W. O. Rifles, in 1863, but withdrew and accepted the cap- taincy of K. F. B. He went through a short course in B. battery, R. S. G. Mr. Drennan has been a public school trustee for four years ; and also has been a city aiderman for Cataraqui ward. He was the first to introduce the electric light into Kingston. He became worshipful master, in 1884, of Minden Lodge, No. 253, A; F. and A. M. He is a member of the Oddfel- lows, Foresters, P. B. A., and P. Boys ; and is also a member of the Liberal-Conservative Association. His religious convictions are those of Presbyterianism. Mr. Drennan married on the 17th January, 1878, May E. Moore. We may state that our subject left home at the age of fifteen to learn the hard- ware business, with C. C. Snowden & Co., Montreal. After remaining there for three years, he went to New York, and entered the office of the Russell & Erwin Manufac- turing Co., as salesman. He then went as traveller for Canada and New York State, for the Sweitzer Manufacturing Co., New York. After a time he left New York, and held a position as traveller for H. R. Ives & Co., of Montreal, till he was married. He then began the hardware business for him- self, and continued in the same until the death of his father. After this event he sold out the hardware business and continued in the furniture trade, adding a manufac- turing department and steam power. He also entered into the undertaking and em- balming business on a large scale ; and has, at present, the best equipped undertaker's establishment in Canada. Powell, Grant, Ottawa, Under-Secre- tary of State for Canada, was born in To- ronto, in September, 1819. He attended school in that city, completing his education at Upper Canada College. He married in June, 1846, Elizabeth Mary, youngest daughter of S. P. Hurd, formerly surveyor- general of Upper Canada. In 1837 he join- ed the militia, and served as a lieutenant in the incorporated militia during the troubles in Upper Canada of 1837-38. He is now a major on the retired list. Tn May, 1839, Major Powell entered the office of the civil secretary of Upper Canada, and since that time has remained in the civil service. He was appointed, on the 25th January, 1883, to the position of Under-Secretary of State, the office having then become vacant by the appointment of Edouard J. Langevin to the clerkship of the Senate. 570 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF llaniilton, lion. John, Senator, de- ceased, was the youngest son of the late Hon. Robert Hamilton, at one time a resident of Carlton Island, was born at Queenston, On- tario, in the year 1802. After spending a short time at school there, he was sent to Edinburgh, where he entered the Academy and received a classical training of that order which has made that school famous. At the age of sixteen he came back to Canada to follow business pursuits, and two years afterwards he entered as a clerk the house of DeRiver, Blackwood & Co., wholesale merchants, Montreal. After serving a thor- ough apprenticeship there, he returned to his home in Queenston, where he entered upon the business of building and running steamboats on his own account. He owned, though he did not build, the Frontenac, the first steamer that plied the waters of Lake Ontario. An advertisement of this craft, adorned by a rude wood-cut, appears in the Chronicle of 1819. We are there informed that James Mackenzie is the master ; that the steamer leaves three times a week for York and Queenston ; that the fare is £3 from Kingston to York, and £1 from York to Queenston ; that each passenger is al- lowed sixty pounds of baggage ; that gentle- men's servants are not allowed to eat or drink in the cabin ; and that an extra charge of five shillings is made for dogs. Mr. Hamilton's energy and enterprise were remarkable. He built the Queenston, the Great Britain, the Lord Sydenham (which was the first large boat that ever ran the rapids), the Passport, Canada, Kingston and Sovereign ; he chartered the Gildersleeve, Brockville, Cobourg, Champion, Commodore Barry, Ottawa, New York, Northerner, and many others. For a long time he even made a determined fight against the Grand Trunk Railway, which became a competitor for the carrying trade of Upper Canada. He continued in the business until 1862, when he retired. In January, 1831, he was called to the Legislative Council, and for over half a century he took part continu- ously and usefully in the upper branch of each successive legislature which has been formed under our constitutional system, earning for himself the title of the Nestor of the Senate. A public career so remarkable could not fail to meet with fitting acknowledg- ment, and on January 29th, 1881, the fiftieth anniversary of his elevation to the council, he was presented by his colleagues with an address, which is some reflex of their esteem and admiration. Having borne tribute to his services in parliament, the address goes on to say : " But it has not been in parlia- ment alone that you have served the coun- try. The annals of Canada for the last fifty years will recount the important enterprises of commerce in which you have been en- gaged. To you, in early days, Upper Canada owed her predominance on Lake Ontario. The organization of the first line of steamers which plied on that lake, and which in good and ill fortune you maintained for five-and- twenty years, the establishment of steam communication between Kingston and Mon- treal, the courage and perseverance which first directed large steamers to descend the rapids of the St. Lawrence, and the main- tenance of lines of stage-coaches for autumn and winter communication between the pro- vinces which are now Ontario and Quebec, all bear testimony to your vigorous and far- reaching enterprise. We rejoice to have an opportunity of recording our appreciation of the value of these and other public services which have marked your career. Your well- spent life, it may be, is drawing to a close, but you are surrounded with ' honour, love, obedience, troops of friends,' and as 'the father of the senate,' your colleagues con- gratulate you on the occurrence of this inter- esting anniversary, and heartily wish you a cheerful and happy old age." The speaker of the Senate, Hon. D. L. Macpherson, Sir Alexander Campbell, who read the address, and the other senators came forward and congratulated their colleague individually. The late senator was for seventeen years president of the Commercial Bank ; he was at one time president of the St. Andrew's Society, and he was chairman of the Board of Trustees of Queen's College from its in- corporation in 1841 until his death. He was very proud of the last-mentioned position. He married in early life Frances Pasia, daughter of David Macpherson, of Inverness, Scotland, by whom he had a large family- John, who is now county attorney at Sault Ste. Marie ; Clark, collector of Customs at Kingston, and a brief memoir of whom will be found elsewhere in these pages ; Mrs. Paton, of New York ; Herchmer George, now dead ; David, who practises medicine in Batavia, N.Y. ; Mrs. Mackenzie, wife of Dr. Mackenzie, of Hillcroft ; Joseph, now dead; Mrs. Foote, of Denver, Colorado ; and Samuel, dead. Nature conferred upon Senator Hamilton an external appearance which seemed designed for one of her noble- men. His figure was large and well knit ; his countenance was marked by singular dignity and benevolence. Intelligence and refinement shone there, and were character- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 571 istic also of his manners and conversation. Those who knew him intimately discovered more worth as their knowledge of the char- acter of the deceased gentleman increased ; and withal he was of that unassuming dis- position that none would have been more offended than he at any allusion either to his qualities of heart or head, or to his pub- lic services. Seldom is it that a man is found in the community so full of years and honours. He died on the 10th of October, 1882. Easton, John, M.D.,C.M., Brookville, was born in the township of Yonge, in the County of Leeds, Ontario, on the 9th April, 1821. His father was born in the town of Louth, Lincolnshire, England. Mr. Easton, senr., was a watchmaker and jeweller, and a surveyor, before he left England. He came to Canada in 1817, and married Marilla, fifth daughter of Major Thomas Smythe, of the 67th Regiment, regulars, in 1819, and settled upon lands in the township of Yonge, where our subject was born two years after- wards. John Easton received his education in the common schools of the country, studying only the common English branches and Latin. In 1848 he commenced the study of medicine, under the direction of the late Senator Brouse. He had married, we may add, in 1846, Lucy Ann Bailey, a step-sister of Dr. Brouse. His college courses were taken at McGill College Uni- versity, where he graduated in the spring of 1852. He returned to Prescott, and entered into partnership with his old tutor, Dr. W. H. Brouse, for a term of eight years, or up to 1860. In 1862 he went to the Cariboo gold fields, in British Columbia, but returned in 1863 and resumed his practice. Dr. Easton was appointed coroner for the united coun- ties of Leeds and Grenville, in 1874, which appointment he still holds. He was also appointed to the office of official assignee for the County of Grenville in 1875, and acted up to 1881, when the Insolvent Act was re- pealed. He was elected Grammar school trustee for the town of Prescott in 1855, which post he filled continuously until his removal from Prescott in the fall of 1879. He also sat as town councillor from 1864 to 1877. Dr. Easton was initiated into Ma- sonry in 1859, in Central lodge, No. 110, at Prescott, and filled the offices of secretary, treasurer, junior and senior wardens in his mother lodge, and was elected master in 1870. In 1871, he entered Grenville Royal Arch chapter, No. 22, of Prescott ; and also affiliated with St. James' lodge, No. 74, Maitland, and with Maitland lodge, Royal Arch, No. 68, in order tc fill up his Masonic course in that village from entered apprentice to the fuller extent of the higher grades which were being instituted there. Dr. Easton is very prominent in Masonry, holding high rank in the several Masonic rites. He is a P.M. in Craft Masonry ; First Principal Z in Capitutar ; Master in Cryptic ; Provincial Grand Master in the Royal and Oriental Rite 33°-960-90°; is a member of the Knights Templars, Ark Mariner, Swedenborgian, A. & A. Scottish rite, the Sat B'hai, and several side degrees, as well as an Hon. 1X° in the Rosicrucian Society. Dr. Easton's political leanings are to the Reform side. He takes pride in sup- porting such men as Alexander Mackenzie, Oliver Mowat, or any other statesmen of like character. His religious views are those of every man who refuses to be led by other men's consciences and superstitions. He believes that his own conscience is as likely to guide him aright as that of other men. He is not, therefore, a member of any church. Having lost his first wife in 1863, by whom he had seven children, five of whom are living, he married again, in 1865, Helen Maud Price, eldest daughter of Robert S. Henderson, then of Prescott, who has borne him two other children, the eldest of whom is now living, and is eighteen years of age. His family consists of four sons and two daughters. Dr. Easton is still in the ac- tive practice of his profession. For the last six years he has lived in the town of Brook- ville. Charlton, Benjamin E., Hamilton, the subject of the following brief sketch, was born in the County of Brant, Ontario, on April 12th, 1835, and from being a Canadian country lad, reared in the log cabin of a settler, has by his own ability and persever- ance, risen to the highest position of honor and trust in the community. He came to Hamilton in 1854, as a teacher of the Cen- tral school, and shortly afterwards engaged in a manufacturing enterprise, in which he has been successful. Early turning his attention to matters of local and general interest, he became president of St. George's Society, director of the Mechanics' Institute, councillor, aiderman, railway director, pre- sident of the Board of Trade, and three times mayor of the city, having first attained the latter position in 1867, when only thirty-two years of age. Although Mr. Charlton has now voluntarily retired from public life, we feel safe in saying that no citizen of Ham- ilton enjoys a greater share of popularity and respect than he. 572 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Doherty, William, (of the firm of W. Doherty & Co., Organ Manufacturers), Clinton, Ontario, was born near Bradford in the County of Simcoe, in the year 1841. His father, John T. Doherty, was of Irish descent, and his mother, Hannah Kirk- patrick, belonged to the Covenanters of Scotland. Whilst the subject of this sketch was still very young, his parents settled at St. Vincent, in the County of Grey, and it was here that he became acquainted with the hardships of a pioneer life. He still has a vivid recollection of those bush-farming days, when the early settlers drew their hay through the stumps on tree tops, and made hay forks out of small forked trees. At that time the wild deer, bear, fox and other Canadian game and animals abounded in the forest, and whilst hunting or trapping these, young William Doherty acquired a knowledge of our Canadian woods which has been of very great use to him in his after avocations. The educational advantages of those times were poor indeed, but of such as there were he eagerly availed himself, so as to be prepared for the responsibilities and battles of the future. One of his teachers was the (now) Rev. W. Dwyer, a prominent Methodist minister, and who largely aided in laying the foundations of Mr. Doherty's successful career. When about twelve years of age he went to re- side at Meaford with his brother-in-law. Robert Burchill, a man of superior ability and literary attainments, who was the first to instil into the mind of young Doherty the ideas of business and the possibilities of the future. About this time the Australian gold fever was at its height, and his father, like many others, imperilled the family possessions in order to try his luck in the distant El Dorado. The result was that a few years after the homestead was lost to the family, and William with his eldest brother (since deceased) found employment at Claude, in the County of Peel, to which place his mother had removed. Two things transpired here which materially affected the after life of young Doherty. He was compelled to act as the family financier and adviser, which taught him a manly reliance on his own resources, and the instructions in music of Professor Standing, which he here received, aroused in him that musical taste which was to form so prominent a factor in his future career. Farming in summer, and attending school in winter, availing himself of every opportunity of self- improvement, and the development of his undoubted musical talents, he was making great progress. He was speedily known as a musician of some note by the whole neigh- bourhood, and frequently acted for Profes- sor Standing in taking charge of his classes. Early in life Mr. Doherty showed a strong leaning towards things religious- At eight years of age he was active in Sunday school work, and expressed the conviction that he was called by Providence to the work of a missionary. To carry the tidings of the gospel to foreign lands became a burning desire and the coveted object of the future. In the temperance reform he also early took a place, joining when twelve years of age the Cadets of Temperance at Meaford, and helping materially to keep that institu- tion up. When about sixteen years of age William made the acquaintance of the (now) Rev. James A. Campbell at Claude, and in the fall of 1862 both were converted to God and joined the Methodist church at a place called Campbell's Cross. Both felt they were called to missionary work, and a com- pact was made between them to prepare at once by entering college for that vocation. They were reinforced shortly afterwards by Luther Embree (now head master of Whitby High school), and the date at which they were to commence their scholastic training was to be the 1st January, 1865. A little prior to this William went to Petrolia, dur- ing the great oil excitement of those days, for the purpose of earning money to carry him through his studies. With some com- panions he became so zealous in revival work that when January came he found it impossible to leave, and so the project of going to school, so far as he was concerned, fell through. He made, however, a propo- sition to his companion, Campbell, which shows his disinterested liberality, and which satisfied in part his desire for missionary work. The proposal and arrangement was that Campbell should go to college, and that he (Doherty) should continue at his work for the purpose of supplying his com- panion with the means of completing his studies. This compact remained for years- Mr. Campbell became an honoured minister of the Methodist church, and the two were the very closest friends during life. Mr. Campbell was given many important charges, and in after life was rendered valuable assistance by the companion who had sacri- ficed his own ambition for what he believed was the call of duty. In most of the churches where Mr. Campbell presided will, be found organs supplied at slight cost by Mr. Doherty. In 1868 Mr. Doherty re- moved from Petrolia to Bay City, Michigan, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 573 and from thence to Clinton, where he has since resided. The following year he com- menced business as a cabinet-maker, and by his energy soon worked up a good business. His brother-in-law, J. N. Depew, was at this time carrying on an agency for the sale of melodians, and the two businesses were united. The next year Mr. Doherty became the sole owner by purchase, and he transferred the management of his music branch to his brother, T. C. Doherty, who still remains with him, and is now an aider- man of the flourishing town of Clinton. In 1873 D. R. Menzies joined Mr. Doher- ty in partnership in the firm of Doherty & Menzies, which continued until 1886, Mr. Menzies then retiring. About this time the cabinet organ was beginning to come into popular use. In largely handling Can- adian and American manufactured organs, Mr. Doherty soon discovered the weak points in each, and resolved that he would produce an organ that would be altogether superior, and in which these defects would be mimimized. How well he has succeeded is best demonstrated by the fact that in less than ten years the Doherty organ is world- wide in reputation, and recommended by the leading musicians. Mr. Doherty at once launched into the manufacture of organs. His indomitable perseverance and zeal knew no obstacles, and he was determined to make for his instruments a name that should last. He had a desire to excel, and had made himself master of the different parts of organ-building by practical experience. He wanted something that would be a de- light, and believing that the perfect instru- ment might be modelled after the perfect man, " he fashioned his after his own consti- tution, being sweet voiced, strong and ac- tive." The history of the growth of his manu- facturing establishment from that day to the present would be largely the history of the town. From a small beginning three large buildings have sprung, taxed to their ut- most capacity to supply the ever increasing demands of a home and foreign trade. With the largely facilitated banking and shipping facilities afforded by Clinton, the Doherty organ secured a large portion of the Canadian trade, and Mr. Doherty be- came able to launch out still further. In 1882, John Gibbings, a representative of one of Huron's oldest settled families, and a man of means and skill, entered into partnership with him. The firm at once enlarged their trade; a traveller was sent to England and the continent, and agencies were successfully established in London, Glasgow, and St. John's, N. F. Shortly after the Australian and New Zealand mar- kets were secured, and the position, beauty, and general excellence of the Doherty organ placed beyond cavil. Mr. Doherty, by his business conduct, had established a reputa- tion for honesty, uprightness and fair deal- ing, and could truthfully be said to have gained an entrance into the markets of the world. As in other places so in Clinton, Mr. Doherty has taken a most prominent part in church and town matters. He became a member of the Methodist church, to which he has been a warm and generous friend. His wonderful musical talents make him a great acquisition and he has freely given them to the church of his choice. In the fall of 1878 he became leader of the choir in church and Sunday school, and has found time to attend to both even amidst the work and responsibility of his great establish- ments. His life-long friend, Rev. James Campbell, between whom and himself there was a friendship like David's and Jonathan's of old, died in Port Hope in 1883. The compact made between the two friends re- mained, until dissolved by death. Mr. Doherty is still in the prime of life, with a future of great usefulness before him, and there are not wanting those who predict for him even greater successes than the past has given him. In 1870 Mr. Doherty married Miss Depew, of Seaforth, and has now a family of three boys and three girls. His home in Clinton is a fine residence, sur- rounded by grounds that are, without ex- ception, the finest for many miles around. In politics he has been a life-long Conserva- tive, and is an honoured and active member of the party. MacFarlane, Hon. Alexander, Q.C., Senator, Wallace, Nova Scotia, was born at the place named, in June, 1817. He was educated at the place of his birth, main- ly by private tutors, and when his studies were concluded began the study of the law, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1844. His activity and his strong abilities soon gave him a conspicuous place in the legal profession, and a handsome practice was gradually established. At the same time that he practised his profession he turned his thoughts to political questions, of which he made a careful and profound study. In 1856 he offered himself as a candi- date for the County of Cumberland and was elected, and represented that constituency in the Nova Scotia legislature till the date of the union. In 1865 he became a member of the executive council of the province, 574 A CYCLOPEDIA OF and holds rank and precedence as such by patent from the Queen. In 1867 he was appointed Queen's counsel, and he is a surrogate of vice-admiralty. He took an active part in the movement for union, when the maritime provinces projected a union of their own ; and he was one of the delegates from Nova Scotia to the London conference to complete terms of union in 1866-67. On the 10th of October, 1870, he was called to the Senate, and has since sat in that House. He married, in 1844, Annie, daughter of Amos Seaman, of Minudie, Nova Scotia. Mr. Macfarlane is of Scottish descent, and in politics is a Conservative. He is a gentle- man of marked courtesy of manners, and in his utterances in the Senate there is a per- vading dignity and moderation ; while his speeches have always been marked by much breadth of view. Wright, L<ieut.-Col. Alonzo, Hull, M.P. for Ottawa county, Quebec, was born at Hull on the 26th February, 1825. He is a son of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Tiberius Wright, and a grandson of the late Philemon Wright, formerly of Woburn, Massachusetts, who came to Canada in 1797, and after a long and tiresome march arrived opposite the falls of the Chaudiere, and founded there the village of Hull. Phile- mon Wright became an extensive operator in lumber, and was the first representative of the county in the legislature of Lower Canada. Through his great enterprise a town sprang up almost as if by magic near the spray of the falls ; and as the fame of the operations of Philemon Wright went abroad, other men of enterprise came thither with their capital, and sent armies of men with axes out into the pine forests of the Ottawa. Later on Bytown (the present city of Ottawa) made its appearance upon the opposite side of the river, and continued to acquire commercial importance, till it re- ceived the crowning honour of selection as the capital of Canada. Alonzo Wright, the grandson of the distinguished pioneer, re- ceived his early tuition at home, but was afterwards sent to the Potsdam academy at New York, where he completed his course. Upon returning home he connected himself with the business of his father, and very soon revealed that he was possessed of the splendid business capabilities and the talents of his ancestors. He is the proprietor of a superb farm, and has always taken a deep interest in agriculture. He was president of the County of Ottawa Agricultural Society, and a director of the Agricultural Society of the City of Ottawa. He is likewise lieuten- ant-colonel of the Ottawa county reserve militia. In political questions he has always taken a keen interest ; but the part that he has played in public life has never been that of a narrow partyist, although he is one of the staunchest Conservatives in the Do- minion. It might be urged by those who do not understand the character of the man, that with his handsome competency he is above need, and therefore can afford to be always generous towards his opponents, and to be independent of his friends. But if Alonzo Wright had only salt and por- ridge he would be a generous, judicial and popular publicist; for his character is laid according to splendid and manly lines. He is not a man who ever cares about making a show as a politician, but for all his unob- trusiveness he is regarded as one of the ablest members of the House of Commons. He seldom makes speeches, but when he does speak, it is to charm the house with the warmth of his eloquence, and the extent of his learning, and the grace and culture of his style. It is not long since he delivered a speech respecting the Canadian Pacific Rail- way, in which he described a trip made by him over that railroad. This was perhaps one of the most graceful and eloquent ut- terances of his life ; and in wealth of literary allusion, in grace and in comprehensiveness was one of the most able speeches ever de- livered in the House of Commons. Mr. Wright married Mary, eldest daughter of the late Nicholas Sparks, of Ottawa city. From his handsome residence at Ironside, the " king of the Gatineau " dispenses boun- tiful hospitality to his hosts of friends. There is not, in this country, in social life, a more popular man than Alonzo Wright, or one more generous or more beloved by those who have made his personal acquaintance. Britton, Byron Moffatt, Q.C., King- ston, was born at Gananoque, on the 3rd of September, 1833. He is the oldest son of D. F. Britton, the present postmaster of the village named, who is a most honourable man, and who was one of the pioneers in the early settlement of that now thriving village. Both parents of B. M. Britton were born in the United States, his father in New Hampshire, and his mother in New York. As a boy, the subject of this sketch was clerk in his father's store. After deter- mining upon the study of law, he attended Victoria University at Cobourg, and grad- uated there in arts in 1856. He entered the law office of P. & M. Vankoughnet, Toronto, and from there removed to Belle- ville, where he finished his studies, and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 575 was called to the bar in Trinity term, 1859. He soon afterwards commenced the practice of his profession at Kingston, where he has since resided. Almost immediately he obtained a large practice, which he has retained, working early and late with great energy and zeal. Had he confined his energies to law, he would have amassed a comfortable fortune, and would probably have retired from practice, but unfortun- ately for himself, he has engaged in so many outside speculations, some of which, it is said, have not proved successful, so that he is still obliged to work like a beginner. In 1864, he contested the Cataraqui Divi- sion for the Senate, against the Honourable Alexander Campbell, and was defeated. He was never a candidate for the House of Com- mons, although always an active Liberal. In 1875, he was appointed a bencher of the Law Society, to which position he has twice since been elected. He was created a Queen s counsel by the Ontario government in 1876, and by the Dominion government in 1881. He was for many years chairman of the public school board at Kingston ; was an aiderman, and in 1876, was elected mayor of that city, which position he held for that year. In 1863, he married the oldest and now the only surviving daughter of the late Hon. L. H. Holton, and they have a family of eight children living, six daughters and two sons. Mr. Britton has always identified himself with every enterprise for the good of his adopted city, and his career has been a most active one, he having taken a part in almost every important case tried at Kingston since he entered the profession. In 1882, he was appointed county crown- attorney for the County of Frontenac. He is a director of the Kingston Cotton Manu- facturing Company ; of the Ontario Build- ing and Savings Company ; and of the On- tario Mutual Life Assurance Company. Conger, Stephen Marshall, Picton. The exodus of British sympathisers to Canada, which followed immediately after the close of the American revolution, in- cluded a branch of the Conger family. The name is an old one, and the curious in that way will find that a St. Conger flourished at an early date near Bristol, England. Con- gersburg derives its name from him, and the Queen Elizabeth hospital, or Bristol city school, is sustained out of a portion of the property granted by the west Saxons to St. Conger. One of the originals of the Canada branch, David Conger, grandfather of the subject of this notice, was born at Piscatau- qua, N.Y., 1769, and with other members of the family located in Prince Edward county, near Picton, on the shore of the Bay of Quint.e They were U. E. loyalists. The deed of David Conger bears date 1797, and a portion of this property still remains in the possession of the family. Both the Canadian and American Congers have contributed a fair share of representative men. Roger B. Conger represented the County of Prince Edward in Parliament, and Wilson S. Con- ger, sheriff of Peterborough, afterwards re- presented that county in parliament; while the American name has figured in the Senate of the United States, as well as in the judi- cial bench and the army. David Conger had seven children, of whom John Owens. Conger was the second, and was born in the township of Hallowell, June 2nd, 1796. In 1822, he married Maria, daughter of the Rev. James Wilson. He was a licensed surveyor in Upper Canada, a captain in the 4th battalion, Prince Edward militia, and was on duty at Kingston during the war of 1812-13. Stephen Marshall Conger, eldest son of the above, was born near Picton, 1835, and in 1862 married Mary Jane, only child of David McDonald, by whom he has four children. Mr. Conger's life has been an active one. Before attaining his ma- jority, he took charge of the Picton Gazette, which, in connection with his brother, John William, has continued to be managed by them. Besides the onorous duty of editing and managing a weekly paper since 1856, Mr. Conger has served the county and town in many capacities. He has been repeated- ly member of the town council, chairman of high school board, etc., besides being a member of the Masonic craft for many years, in which he has filled some of the most eminent positions. In religion he holds to the faith of his progenitors, who were mostly Methodists ; and in politics has always been a Liberal-Conservative. He is the recognized head of the Conger family in Canada, and wears the honor with ouiet dignity, as it suits him best. Ryerson, Rev. Egerton, D.D.. LL.D., late Chief Superintendent of Educa- tion for Ontario, was born in the township of Charlotteville, near Lake Erie, London, afterwards the Talbot district, and now the County of Norfolk, on the 24th of March, 1803. We learn from his friend and official associate, Dr. J. George Hodgins, that his father, Colonel Joseph Ryerson, a United Empire loyalist in the British service at the time of the American revolution, was born in New Jersey. He first joined as a cadet, and was one of the five hundred and 576 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF fifty loyal volunteers who went to Charleston, South Carolina. For his good conduct in bearing despatches one hundred and ninety- six miles into the interior, he was promoted to a lieutenancy in the Prince of Wales' volunteers by Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dor- chester). Subsequently he was engaged in six battles, and was once wounded. At the peace of 1783 he was exiled, and went to New Brunswick, thence to Canada-he and his family enduring very great hardship in penetrating into the interior of the then un- broken wilderness of Canada. He settled in Charlotteville, and lived there about seventy years. In the war of 1812 he and his three sons again joined the British stan- dard, and acquitted themselves bravely. During his life he held various appoint- ments under the crown. He died in 1854, at the venerable age of ninety-four years, after having enjoyed his half-pay as a British officer, for the unprecedented period of seventy years. Dr. Ryerson was the fourth son of Colonel Ryerson, and was named after two British officers who were intimate friends of his father. His youth was passed in his native country ; and at its Grammar school he received the rudiments of his early education. With Mr. Law, the master of the Gore district Grammar school at Hamilton, he studied his classics. As grammar schools were the only public schools at that time in existence in the coun- try, they were in the rural counties very elementary in their character, and did not profess to teach more than the mere rudi- ments of an English education. The young and ardent student, as Doctor Ryerson then was, not content with the superficial know- ledge of grammar which he obtained at school, prevailed upon his father to allow him to go home for six months to attend a grammar class which had been established in the county town on that specific subject. Doctor Ryerson's experience as a teacher did not extend beyond the grammar school of his native county. At the age of sixteen he was appointed usher, or assistant teacher, to his eldest brother, George. Having thus the management of boys and girls who were his companions, and many of them several years his senior, his firmness, tact, and de- cision were frequently put to the test, but he acquitted himself well, and the experience thus gained was afterwards turned to higher account. On his twenty-second birthday Dr. Ryerson was ordained deacon in the M. E. Church, by Bishop Hedding. His diary during the first year of his ministerial life shows how devotedly he applied himself to the culture of his mind, although his valise often contained the chief part of his library, and the back of his horse frequently afforded him the only place of study. His first literary effort was put forth in 1826-being the review of Ven. Archdeacon Strachan's sermon on the death of Bishop Mountain, and it at once established his reputation as an able controversialist. In 1828 he again wrote a series of letters criticising Dr. Strachan's famous chart of the various re- ligious bodies. Both series were re-pub- lished in pamphlet form. In 1829, the Chris- tian Guardian was established, and he was appointed its joint editor. In 1833 he went to England, and again in 1835. In the latter year he went to obtain a Royal char- ter and subscriptions for Upper Canada Academy, now Victoria College, Cobourg. He also induced the home government to re- commend the Upper Canada legislature to grant $16,900 to the academy, which it did against the wishes of Sir F. B. Head, the governor. In 1840 an act of incorporation was obtained from the then recently united Canadian legislature, erecting Upper Canada Academy into a university, under the name and style of the "University of Victoria College at Cobourg." Dr. Ryerson (who then received the title of D. D., from the Wesleyan University, Middleton), was unanimously chosen its first president. In 1844, he was appointed Superintendent of Education for Upper Canada, by His Excel- lency the Governor-General, with an under- standing that he would re-lay the entire foundation of the system, and establish it on a wider and more enduring basis. Not- withstanding the zeal and ability with which Doctor Ryerson had collected and ar- ranged his facts, analyzed the various sys- tems of education in Europe (chiefly in Ger- many) and America, and fortified himself with the opinions of all the most eminent educationists in 'those countries, yet his pro- jected system for this province was fiercely assailed, and was vehemently denounced as embodying in it the very essence of " Prus- sian despotism." Still with indomitable courage he persevered in his plans, and at length succeeded in 1846 in inducing the legislature to pass a school act, which he had drafted. In 1849 the provincial ad- ministration favourable to Doctor Ryerson's views went out of office, and one unfavour- able to him came in. The Hon. Malcolm Cameron, a hostile member of the cabinet, having concocted a singularly crude and cumbrous school bill, aimed to oust Dr. Ryerson from office, it was without examin- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 577 ation or discussion passed into law. Doctor Ryerson at once called the attention of the government (at the head of which was the late lamented Lord Elgin) to the imprac- ticable and unchristian character of the bill, as it had formally excluded the Bible from the schools. The late Honourable Robert Baldwin, C.B., attorney-general, the Nestor of Canadian politicians, and a truly Christian man, was so convinced of the justness of Dr. Ryerson's views and re- monstrance, that he took the unusual course of advising His Excellency to suspend the operation of the new act until Doctor Ryer- son could prepare a draft of bill on the basis of the repealed law, embodying in it, addi- tional to the old bill, the result of his own experience of the working af the system up to that time. The result was that a law passed in 1850 admirably adapted to the ex- cellent municipal system of Canada, so popu- lar in its character and comprehensive in its provisions and details, that it is still in a consolidated form, the statute under which the public schools of Ontario are maintained. There was one question, the agitation of which had for many years caused a good deal of disturbance to the school system, but which was set at rest in 1863. This question was the right of Roman Catholics to establish schools of their own, separate from the public schools, but nevertheless aided from the parliamentary grant for edu- cation, according to the average attendance of pupils at the schools. The principle of these schools was fully conceded in the first Canadian School bill which was passed in 1841, the year of the legislative union of the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. It was subsequently modified in 1843, 1847, and 1850, and, after much bitter agitation, in 1853, 1855, and finally in 1863. In 1853, after a good deal of delay and discussion, Doctor Ryerson prevailed upon the legisla- ture to revise the grammar school law of the province, which had remained in the statute book accomplishing comparatively little good since 1807-1839. For twelve years longer these schools continued to lan- guish. In 1865 the grammar school law was still further improved, and a higher standard of education adopted; but as yet the principle of local taxation for the support of these schools had been partially concurred in by the legislature, and embodied in the amended act. In 1850, Dr. Ryerson, while in England, made preliminary arrangements for estab- lishing the library, map, and apparatus de- pository in connection with his department, and in 1855 he established meteorological stations in connection with the county gram- mar schools. In 1865, the law on the sub- ject having been amended, twelve stations were selected and put into efficient working order. In 1857, he made his third educa- tional tour in Europe, where he procured at Antwerp, Brussels, Florence, Rome, Paris, and London, an admirable collection of copies of paintings by the old masters, sta- tues, busts, etc., besides various articles for an educational museum in connection with the department. In 1858-60, Dr. Ryerson took a leading part in the discussion in the newspapers, and before a committee of the legislature, in favour of grants to the vari- ous outlying universities in Ontario. He maintained that " they did the state good service," and that their claims should be substantially recognized as colleges of a cen- tral university. He deprecated the multi- plication of universities in the province, which would be the result of a rejection of his scheme. In consideration of his able services in this contest, the University of Victoria College conferred upon him the de- gree of LL.D, in 1861. In 1860, he induced the government to submit to the legisla- ture the draft of a bill which he had pre- pared, after consultation at the various county school conventions, for the further development of the system of public instruc- tion. This law very greatly improved the details of the system, and rendered its whole working more effective. In 1867, he made his fourth educational tour in England and the United States. On his return, in 1868, he submitted to the government a very valuable " special report on the systems and state of popular education in the several countries of Europe and the United States of America', with practical suggestions for the improvem nt of public instruction in Upper Canada." He also made a separate " report on institutions for the deaf and dumb and blind in various countries." In 1868-70, he submitted to the government drafts of bills for the further improvement of public and high schools. In 1871, the bill was carried through the legislature by the Hon. M. C. Cameron, and has been the means of largely benefiting both classes of schools. For many years Dr. Ryerson had felt that our new political condition neces- sitated a change in the management of the Education department. He, therefore, in 1869 and 1872, urged upon the government the desirability of relieving him of his ar- duous duties, and of appointing a minister of education in his place. Early in 1876 his 578 A CYCLOPEDIA OF recommendations were acted upon, and he retired on full salary from the responsible post which for thirty-two years he had so worthily and honourably filled. The dis- tinguished educationist died at Toronto, on the 19th February, 1882. Shortly after his death, Dr. Hodgins, assisted by other gentlemen, prepared for the press a work which had been partly written by the great educationist, entitled, " The Story of My Life." This book was one of the most im- portant contributions to the literature of the past forty years, and it threw light upon a number of issues which had been but im- perfectly understood. Dr. Ryerson was not a man with whom everybody agreed during the plenitude of his power. Men of great individuality are certain to have fierce op- ponents ; and such opponents had Egerton Ryerson. He was most of all assailed for writing in defence of Lord Metcalfe, on the occasion so well-known to history ; but if we accept the doctor's own view of this con- test, and there is, perhaps, no good reason why we should reject it, his action leaves little room for censure. On the whole, one of the finest, and most sturdy figures in the modern history of Canada, was that of the subject of this sketch. French, Frederick John, M.P.P. for South Grenville, Prescott, was born at Burritt's Rapids, County Grenville, on the 18th, January, 1847. He is a son of John Strachan French, merchant, of that place, and Marianne Chesley. J. S. French was son of Benjamin French, a son of Jeremiah French, who represented the Eastern Dis- trict in the first parliament held in Upper Canada, 14th October, 1792. The founder of the French family in America originally settled in New Hampshire and founded the town of Manchester, in that State, upon land granted to him by the English govern- ment, naming the same after his birthplace in England. Jeremiah was one of the U. E. loyalists, and came to Canada, and settled in Cornwall, where he obtained land grants from the government in the townships of Cornwall and Montague. The lands in Mon- tague were exchanged by him for other lands in Cornwall. The homestead is still held by the family, being occupied by an elder brother of the present subject, George A. French. Being one of the earliest settlers and a devoted loyalist, when the Duke of Kent visited Canada, in the latter part of the last century, he was the guest of, and made a stay of some time with, Jeremiah French. Marianne Chesley, mother of our subject, was the daughter of John Chesley, of Cornwall, gentleman. This name is a corruption of the French name Castellier, and the family originally came from France, but for convenience adopted the Anglicised spelling. Solomon Y. Chesley, brother of John, was for many years superintendent of Indian affairs under the government of the old province of Canada. Our subject was educated at the Grammar school, Ot- tawa, under Prof. Thorburn, was enrolled as solicitor in 1868 and called to the bar in 1870. His legal studies were pursued in the offices of the now Judge Lyon, of Ottawa, D. S. Read, Q.C., and the present Chancellor Boyd. He formed a partner- ship, shortly after being admitted, with the late McNeil Clarke, M. P.P. for South Gren- ville, at Merrickville, Mr. French taking charge of the office. Mr. Clarke dying in 1872, Mr. French moved to Prescott, where he has continued to practise ever since. He soon began to take an active part in public questions, the political mantle of his late partner naturally devolving upon him as well as the business one. Mr. French's first contest for political honours was in the general election for the Ontario legis- lature, in 1879, for the constituency of South Grenville. Hon. C. F. Fraser, now commissioner of Public Works, was the sitting member, and had been returned in the election previous by a majority of 143 ; but this majority Mr. French reversed by 137. In the following election, 1883, Mr. French carried again the constituency against John Adams, by a majority of fifty- six, and he of course at this writing still represents this constituency. Mr. French's special attention has been directed towards increasing the powers of the local courts, and as a result largely of his action in this regard we have seen the principle adopted notably in the Judicature Act of 1881; the extension of the division court jurisdiction of 1880 ; and the promise by the govern- ment to bring down a bill to increase the jurisdiction of the county courts. Mr. French, by his advocacy of this decentra- lization has incurred the displeasure of some members of his own profession, but the principle advocated is undoubtedly in the public interest. Mr. French is a staunch Conservative, as might naturally be expected from his descent. He married, on April 28th, 1875, Alma Lucia, daughter of John Gordon, a retired farmer of Stratford, and by whom he has three children, all boys. He is a member of Central lodge, No. 110, A. F. & A. M., Prescott. He is president of the Conservative Association, for the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 579 county, and has held that position for seven or eight years. During its continuance he was also president of the Prescott Printing and Publishing Co., whose interest became merged in the Prescott Messenger. Mr. French, in 1872, took an extended tour through Great Britain and the Continent. In 1882 he visited the North-West in the interest of a land company in which he was interested. He is a member of the Church of England, and holds moderate views. Campbell, Duncan, Simcoe, Ontario, one of the pioneers of that town, as well as one of its most successful men of business, was born at Greenock, Scotland, on the 2nd April, 1802. He is a son of Archibald and Ann Campbell, both of whom were mem- bers of the Argyle branch of the Campbell family. Duncan Campbell's great-grand- father was Colonel Dugald Cambell, of Bel- more, who was killed while leading his men at the battle of Culloden ; and the ball that killed him struck the pipe out of his piper's mouth. The piper laid his head on his colonel's face, and when found in the morning, his hair had turned white. He never afterwards played the bagpipes, except for one of the family. In 1815, Duncan, who had received his early edu- tional training at Greenock, came to Mont- real, Canada, whither his parents had pre- ceded him. For two years he was clerk of a store in Montreal, and in 1818 he pro- ceeded to Simcoe, then known as Birdtown, to take charge of a store kept there by William Bird. Subsequently Mr. Campbell had the name changed to Simcoe, in honour of Governor Simcoe who had given Aaron Culver 200 acres of land, which land is em- braced in the present site of the town. Mr. Culver, we learn, settled at first in the township of Townsend. When Governor Simcoe passed through that portion of the province, he camped near the site of Colonel Campbell's farm, and Mr. Culver came to see him, bringing a bag of water melons, since he had nothing better, as a present to his excellency. The governor, in return for the kindness, presented the donor with 200 acres of land now covered by the town of Simcoe, Mr. Culver having previously hinted that he thought there was a good water power in this vicinity which he would like some day to improve. He afterwards made good his intimation by building a mill on the creek, Lynn river. He died many years ago. When Mr. Campbell, in his seventeenth year, settled at Simcoe, there were only three houses in the place. The only families, we are further informed, were those of Aaron Culver, William Bird, and McFarland Wilson, Mr. Culver's house being on the eastern side of Patterson's creek, now called Lynn river. Mr. Camp- bell continued in the mercantile employ- ment, as already noted, for several years. For a long time the nearest post office was at Vittoria, then the county seat; but through the exertions of Mr. Campbell, a post office was at length established at Sim- coe, and he became the postmaster. On giving up mercantile life Mr. Campbell was appointed agent of the Gore Bank, continu- ing thus to act till he was appointed govern- ment land agent, an office which he held for several years. During that period he sold the principal part of the lands in the County of Norfolk not previously disposed of. Mr. Campbell, early in life, joined the provincial militia ; was appointed lieutenant, and step by step arose till he became lieu- tenant-colonel. Over forty years ago Col. Campbell was appointed a magistrate and still holds that office, though he rarely now acts. Latterly he has done little more than look after his extensive and valuable property. Years ago he had achieved afflu- ence, and his habits of life and his tempera- ment fit him for the full enjoyment of the fruits of his industry in these his later years. He is a member of the Church of Scotland, and very accurately described as " a Chris- tian gentleman of the pure Scottish type." The name of his residence and park is " Lynwood ; " and the identical oak tree under which Governor Simcoe encamped is in the park and still living. Colonel Camp- bell married in 1844, Clara Ann, daughter of Captain James Marshall Perkins, o'! the Royal navy. There have been, by this union, five children, three of whom are living. The eldest daughter married Henry Beecher, of London, Ont; the second married Jeffrey Hale, now manager of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, at Ottawa. The son, J. Lome Campbell, has been for some years in the Bank of Commerce, and best of all, Colonel Campbell is still an active and robust man. Niven, James S., M. B., T. C. D., L. R.C.S. T., London, Ontario, was born on the 13th December, 1847, at Chrome Hill Lisburn, Ireland. He is a son of Richard Niven and Eliza Boomer. After having received a careful preliminary training at Belfast college, James S. Niven subsequent- ly matriculated at Trinity College, Dublin from which institution he graduated in due course in medicine. He has been assistant surgeon of the 7th Fusiliers since 1872 ; and was in active service during the Riel 580 A CYCLOPEDIA OF rebellion of 1885. He was a member of the staff of the general hospital at London from 1877 to 1884. During the last named year he was aiderman of the city of London. Since 1870 Dr. Niven has been actively connected with Freemasonry. In politics he has always been true to the cause of Liberal-Conservatism. In religion he is a staunch member of the Church of Eng- land ; and he has been twice married. Dr. Niven has taken a very active interest in all matters connected with the advance- ment and breeding of dogs. He has im- ported Gordon setters, spaniels and Irish terriers, and has carried off many prizes with these dogs, both in Canada and at the principle shows in the United States. He has also acted as judge at many shows, and is considered an authority on all canine questions. Benson, Thomas, Port Hope, was born on the 11th January, 1804, at Fintona, County of Tyrone, Ireland. His parents were James Benson and Ann Robinson, who were married at Fintona, on the 19th March, 1803, and came to America in 1816, settling first at Lansingburgh, N.Y., and moving in 1819 to Kingston, Upper Canada, where James Benson died on the 24th December, 1828. His widow died at St. Catharines, U. C., on 30th August, 1854. James Ben- son had ten children; of whom only two now survive, viz., William Benson, collector of Customs, at Windsor, Ont., and Ann Dickson, widow of John R. Dickson, M. D., late superintendent of the Lunatic Asylum, at Rockwood, Kingston. Two sons died, lately, viz., the Hon. James Rea Benson, a senator of the Dominion of Canada, who died at Ottawa, 6n 18th March, 1885, and Joseph W. Benson, M.D., who died at Chi- cago, U.S., in December, 1884. The sub- ject of this sketch was educated at Kingston, and early gave promise of a brilliant future, had he been allowed to follow the bent of his own inclinations, and the advice of pro- minent friends of his parents, who saw in him the elements of success in a professional career. He strongly inclined to the profes- sion of the law, but a prejudice against it in the minds of his parents prevented its pur- suit, and he was sent into mercantile life. Remaining in Kingston until 1832, he moved to Port Hope, and continued there in business until 1837, when, on the breaking out of the rebellion, he went as captain of a company of volunteers to Chippawa and Navy Island, and was on duty till the rebel- lion of that year was quelled. On the break- ing out of the disturbance again in 1839, he returned to military duty. He held a com- mission as captain and paymaster in the 3rd battalion of Incorporated militia, stationed at Niagara, from the enrolment of that corps until its disbandment in 1845. This battalion was comman<|ed at first by Colonel Thorne, and afterwards by Colonel Kings- mill. Captain Benson was an universal favourite in the regiment, and possessed the fullest confidence of its commanding officers, both of whom addressed to him most com- plimentary letters, expressing their high appreciation and admiration of him as an officer and a gentleman. On the disbanding of the 3rd battalion, Mr. Benson went to Peterborough, where he was engaged in the milling business until 1853. He was the first mayor of Peterborough after its incor- poration as a town, and was subsequently for some years a member of the council, al- ways taking an active and energetic part in all public affairs. He was especially useful in advancing all matters connected with the educational interests of the county, and was for some time superintendent of Education in the counties of Peterborough and Vic- toria. He also, during this period of his life, contributed largely to the newspaper press, and aided by his powerful pen all the public, educational and philanthropic enter- prises of the neighbourhood. In 1853 he moved to Port Hope to assume the duties of secretary and treasurer of the Peter- borough and Port Hope Railway Company, now the Midland Railway of Canada, which position he occupied till his death. His services were invaluable in promoting and carrying out this enterprise, and he was travelling on the business of this company when he met with his untimely end. He was killed on the 12th March, 1857, with fifty-seven others, by the breaking of the bridge over the Desjardins canal, on the line of the Great Western Railway, near the City of Hamilton, and was buried at Port Hope amid a solemnity and profoundness of grief and symyathy never exceeded in that part of the country. Mr. Benson was a sincere and devoted member of the Church of Eng- land ; but felt and exhibited at all times the warmest sympathy with all other Chris- tian churches. He was ever active and for- ward in all religious work, and was deeply interested in the Upper Canada Bible So- ciety, whose cause always found in him a prompt supporter and a zealous and power- ful advocate. He was also a warm upholder of the temperance movement. Being a ready, fluent, and eloquent speaker, with a well-stored mind, he always occupied a CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 581 foremost place on every platform from which the claims of religion, philanthropy, or public enterprise were put forth. In politics he was a Liberal-Conservative, but he was thoroughly non-partisan. Though admirably fitted to fill a high place and take a prominent part in political affairs, and with the opportunity at his command of representing more than one constituency in the parliament of the province, he pre- ferred the quiet retirement of private life, and never took any very active part in the politics of his day. He married, on the 10th December, 1827, Alicia Maria Lowe, only daughter of Richard Lowe, of Adolphus- town, U. C., by whom he had a family of twelve children. The eldest daughter, Mary, is the wife of Thomas R. Merritt, of Rod- man Hall, St. Catharines ; the eldest son, James Binley Benson, died in 1876, at Hamilton, Bermuda, whither he had gone to recruit his health. Three daughters and three sons still survive, viz., Annie M.,who is unmarried ; Helen, wife of Calvin E. Brown, of Minneapolis, Min., U.S. ; Emma, wife of T. R. Fuller, Toronto; Thomas Moore Benson, of Port Hope, junior judge of the County Court of the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham ; Richard L. Benson, LL.B., barrister-at-law, Peter- borough ; and Lieut.-Col. Frederick A. Ben- son of the 46th battalion, volunteer militia, Port Hope. Mr. Benson's widow died at St. Catharines, on the 11th August, 1877. She was a woman of much personal attrac- tiveness, of deep and fervent piety, and of entire devotedness to her family cares and duties. Ryan, Hon. Thomas, Lieutenant- Colonel, Senator, Montreal, was born at Balinakill, County of Kildare, Ireland. He was educated at Clongowe's College, and early in life came to Canada, where he em- barked in commercial operations. He was for many years a partner in the well-known firms of Ryan, Bros. & Co., of Quebec and Montreal, and retired therefrom in 1863. He had for some years past been a close student of political affairs, and in the last- named year, with a mind well-stocked with the fruits of his observations, offered him- self for the Victoria Division in the Legis- lative Council, and was elected therefor. He sat in that body till confederation, and his career there was characterised by exceed- ing soundness of judgment, by a wide and at the same time a minute knowledge of great public questions, especially those re- lating to trade and commerce. Previons to 1865, it was considered desirable, in the interests of Canadian commerce, to extend our foreign trade relations ; and with this end in view, the government chose certain commissioners to proceed to the West Indies, Mexico and Brazil, with a view to opening trade relations between these countries and Canada. One of the members of that com- mission was the Hon. Thomas Ryan. Mr. Ryan was also chairman of the meeting of the united deputies from the British North American provinces, held in Detroit, on the memorable occasion when the eloquence of Joseph Howe electrified and astonished the people of that city. In May, 1867, he was called to the Senate by Royal proclamation, and has since sat in that body, which he adorns by the dignity and the judicial char- acter of all his actions there. Senator Ryan is one of the Catholic Commissioners of edu- cation for the Province of Quebec, and he has always taken a prominent part in the cause of wholesome national instruction. He married in 1871, Duding Wilhelmina, second daughter of Charles N. F. De Mon- tenach, grand-daughter of the late Baroness DeLongueil, and relict of the late Oliver Perrault De Linere, of Montreal. Senator Ryan has always been a steadfast Liberal- Conservative. Morden, Wellington Jeffers, Ham- ilton, was born in the County of Wentworth, Ontario, on the 28th of September, 1837. His father was John D. Morden, and his mother's maiden name was McLaughlin. The grandfather of our subject was a U. E. loyalist, who came to Canada from Pensyl- vania. This useful and distinguished an- cestor fought in the war of 1812, and took part in the battle of Queenston Heights. In this engagement he had a brother killed. His son, the father of our sub- ject, was born in the township of West Flamboro'. He took part in the rebellion of 1837, at the head of which was William Lyon Mackenzie, and was a captain of mil- itia. He adopted the life of a farmer, as nearly everybody did in those days. He was a member of the first council of the township of East Flamboro', and this office he held with much public satisfaction for a number of years. Mr. and Mrs. Morden are still living, and they reside in the City of Hamilton. They some time since retired from farm life, but enjoy good health. Our subject received a common school edu- cation, and after leaving school, which he did when in his fifteenth year, he entered on the farm with his father. Here he re- mained for ten years, after which, in 1862, he removed to Hamilton. Here he entered 582 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF the flour and feed business, on John street, where he remained for three years. He afterwards engaged in the produce and com- mission business, in which undertaking he continued for seven years ; he then removed to No. 7, Market square, where he has re- mained ever since. His principal trade is in grain and flour ; and he is one of the most prominent dealers in Hamilton. In 1881 he was elected aiderman for No. 4 ward, City of Hamilton; and was re-elected for the years 1882, '83, '84 and '85. He has been chairman for the jail and court house for three years past ; he is a stockholder in the Bank of Hamilton, and has been and is, prominently connected with several impor- tant public enterprises. Taking rest from oppressive business, he has recruited and benefited himself by travel through the United States, and all of our own dominion. He is a member of the Methodist church, and is trustee of Zion tabernacle, Hamilton, and likewise a member of the official board. In politics he is a Conservative, and is vice- chairman of the Conservative Association of ward No. 4. He was married to Miss Eliza Jane Patten, daughter of Andrew Patten, of East Flamboro', County of Wentworth, one of the largest lumber and flour mer- chants in that neighbourhood. By this marriage he has one child. Hickey, Daniel C., M.D.C.M., King- ston, Ontario, was born at Kingston, on Jan- uary 23, 1830. He was the son of Edward Hickey, a native of Cork, Ireland, and Ellen his wife, who came from Kilkenny. Dr. Hickey was educated at the Royal Gram- mar school of his native city, under George Baxter, and graduated in the classical and commercial courses of the College of St. Hyacinth, Canada East, in 1845. On his re- turn from college he entered upon a mercan- tile career, and in the year 1852 commenced business as a dry goods merchant in the City of Kingston, which he successfully conduct- ed until 1861. During this period he crossed the Atlantic thirty-two times, visiting on business and pleasure Great Britain and the Continent. When in business, our subject displayed his patriotism by the active inter- est he exhibited in military matters. He was a member of Colonel Shaw's Rifle vol- unteer brigade, ranking as sergeant-major of that corps, and was also a lieutenant in the 1st battalion, Frontenac militia. Hav- ing accumulated some wealth, he gave up active business in 1861, and retaining his fondness for study, entered the Royal Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Queen's University. After pursuing the medical course, for the purpose of extending his pro- fessional experience, he entered the service of the United States government, as surgeon of cavalry. During the war for the preser- vation of the union, he was identified in that capacity with the eighteenth, twenty- fourth, and twenty-fifth army corps, and was present at the engagements at Suffolk, Va. ; Gatesville and Winton Ferry, N. Car- olina ; Blackwater River, near Petersburg, Va. ; Johnson's Farm, White Oak Swamp, and Deep Bottom, in front of Richmond, Va. He was at the capture and occupation of Richmond, and also at the cutting-out and destruction of the rebel ram Alber- marie, on the 27th of October, 1864, on Albermarle Sound, North Carolina, under Lieutenant Cushing, U.S.N. Four months after the close of the war, the doctor was honourably discharged at Jefferson barracks, Sackett's Harbour, N.Y., August 15, 1865. On his discharge, Dr. Hickey settled in New- ark, New Jersey, where he practised his profession until 1881. During his residence in Newark, our subject was elected aider- man for the fourth ward of that city. He also became a member of the Newark Med- ical Society, of the Pharmaceutical Society of New Jersey, and of the Essex County Medical Society. He is also a life member of the Young Men's Catholic Association of Newark, which is the parent society of all the Y.M.C. societies on the continent. Dr. Hickey was one of the pioneer organizers of the Grand Army of the Republic, and for many years occupied the position of surgeon of Lincoln Post, No. 11, G.A.R., depart- ment of New Jersey. He has lived to see this organization, which is composed of vet- erans of the war of 1861-65, assume gigantic proportions, with ramifications extending into every state of the union. During his residence in Newark, he was connected with many enterprises outside his profession, notably the Diamond Band Saw Company, for sawing stone with diamonds ; the Snow Silver Smelting Company, and several other public enterprises. Dr. Hickey, while here, identified himself with the Democratic party, and was an active worker in local, state, and general politics ; and still retains, with all the fervour of the native born, his allegiance to the United States. Dr. Hickey finally returned to his native town in 1881, and retired from the active pursuit of his profession to look after his large landed in- terests there. Since his return to Kingston he has erected one of the handsomest resi- dences in the city, facing the park, and known as " Park Villa" ; and he was one CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 583 of the prime movers and heaviest sharehold- ers in the Kingston Hosiery Company. In 1869, he was appointed deputy quarantine officer for the port of New York, and had charge of the quarantine steamer Illinois, stationed in the lower bay of that port. Daring his occupation of that office, the French man-of-war D'Estres, with three hundred and ninety-seven officers and men, came under his care with yellow fever on board. For his successful professional treatment and polite attention to the officers and men of this frigate, he was recommend- ed to the Imperial government for decora- tion. The papers and records in the case, however, were unfortunately burned in the French navy department, during the troub- lous times of the Commune. During the fifties, while in business in Kingston, Dr. Hickey represented for four years St. Law- rence ward in the municipal council. He married, May 1, 1854, Anastasia B., daugh- ter of John Forestell, Waterford, Ireland, and niece of the Very Rev. Patrick Dollard, V.G., and who accompanied him through his entire American campaign. Our subject is a devout Roman catholic, that being the church of his fathers. He delights in ath- letic pursuits, and is an ardent disciple of Sir Isak Walton. As a yachtsman he is also somewhat noted, having built and owned some of the fastest craft sailing the St. Lawrence. Still in the prime of life. Dr. Hickey bids fair to have many years of usefulness and repose, after an active life of adventure such as has fallen to the lot of few Canadians. Royal, Joseph, LL.D., M.P. for Pro- vencher, Manitoba, was born at Repentigny, Province of Quebec, on the 7th May, 1837. He was educated at the Jesuit's college, Montreal. He studied law, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1864. Some years afterwards he removed to Manitoba, and was called to the bar of that province in 1871. The career of this distinguished gentleman has been so successful, and characterized by so much briliant achieve- ment, that we cannot do better than record his successes in order. As an advocate, he has been retained in many important cases, the most notable of which were those of the Queen vs. Ambroise Lepine, and the Queen vs. Naud, tried at the Manitoba criminal assizes, October, 1874, for the exe- cution of Thomas Scott, under the provi- sional government of Louis Riel, and in which he was associated with Hon. J. A. Chapleau, Q.C., as a counsel for the defence. He was for some years one of the assistant French translators for the Canadian As- sembly. He has been a prominent writer on the French-Canadian newspaper and periodical press for a lengthened period ; edited the Montreal Miner ve from 1857 until 1859, when he established L'Ordre, which he conducted until 1860 ; was one of the founders of La Revue Canadienne, 1864, to which he contributed many valuable and interesting papers. In 1867 he founded, with others, Le Nouveau Monde (Montreal), of which he became chief editor. In 1871, shortly after his removal to Manitoba, he established Le Metis, of which he still re- mains editor and proprietor. He is author of " Vie Politique de Sir Louis H. Lafontaine " (1864), and many other important contribu- tions to French Canadian literature. He was one of tho secretaries to the Montreal Centennial committee, and took an active part in organizing the Papal Zouaves who were sent to the assistance of the holy father, 1868. He was elected first vice-chancellor of the University of Manitoba, 1877, and re- elected in 1878. He was appointed commis- sioner for the consolidation of the statutes of the province, in May, 1877, together with Chief Justice Wood. M. Royal was elected speaker for the first Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, 1871, an office he vacated in March, 1872, on being appointed a member of the executive council and provincial sec- retary of the province ; and resigned with the government, 8th July, 1874. He was re-appointed to the cabinet, with the offices of provincial secretary and minister of public works, 3rd December, 1874; resigned office of public works, and accepted that of attorney- general, May, 1876, which he held until the resignation of the government, when he was offered and accepted the portfolio of minister of public works in the new admin- istration, 1878. Early in 1878 a difference of opinion having arisen between the premier and M. Royal, the latter resigned. He was appointed a member of the execu- tive council for the North-West territories, 1873. Was the first superintendent of edu- cation (appointed 1871) for Manitoba, and as such exerted himself in having the law •explained and carried out in every locality ; resigned March, 1872, on his appointment to office. He obtained the command of a cavalry troop, composed of natives, at the time of the Fenian raid, October, 1871, and was detailed on an important scouting expe- dition in the southwest of the province. He discharged the administrative duties of attorney-general from 3rd December, 1874, until 1878, and personally supervised the 584 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF important legislation of 1875-76, introduced by the Davis-Royal government, which included the County Municipalities Act ; the Administration of Justice Act ; the Electoral Law ; the Act respecting trial of Controverted Elections, and the Act for the abolition of the Legislative Council. He is also the author of the School Law, 1873 ; of the system of registration of deeds, and of the mode of establishing and collecting vital statistics. He has been a delegate to Ot- tawa on several occasions on the subject of " better terms," and the enlargement of the boundaries of Manitoba. In October, 1875, he was successful, with Mr. Davis, in secur- ing the readjustment of the financial ar- rangements of Manitoba with the Dominion. He was first returned to the Legislative As- sembly, Manitoba, for St. Francois Xavier West by acclamation, December, 1870, on the erection of Manitoba into a province of the Dominion ; re-elected by acclamation in 1875, and again in 1878. He was elected for his present seat on the appointment of M. Dubuc, the sitting member, as puisne judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, Mani- toba, December, 1879. He was re-elected by acclamation at the last general election. He is an advocate of extension, so as to make Manitoba a maritime province, with a port on Lake Superior and on the Hudson Bay. He is, above all, a firm believer in the great destiny of the far west, and will labour zealously towards its accomplish- ment. As a lawyer, M. Royal is learned and skilful, and may be ranked as one of the very foremost members of the Canadian bar. As a politician there is, perhaps, not one more active and able to be found in the House of Commons, and we predict for him a place yet in the Dominion cabinet, for which position his abilities entitle him. Bcll-Smitli, Frederic Ilarlett, of London, Ontario, who is so widely known in Canada as an artist and elocutionist, was born in London, England, on Sep- tember 26th, 1846. His father, John Bell- Smith, was also an artist of note, and moved with his family to Canada in 1866. His mother was a daughter of John Marlett Boddy, an officer in the admiralty. Their family, of whom F. M. Bell-Smith is the eldest, consisted of eight sons and four daughters, of whom five sons and three daughters still live. F. M. Bell-Smith was educated in England, receiving special in- struction in drawing at South Kensington, at that time the headquarters and principle school of art in connection with the science and art department in England. On his ar- rival in this country he settled in Montreal, where he lived till 1871, when he moved to Hamilton, changing to Toronto in 1875, back to Hamilton in 1879, again to Toronto in 1881, and finally retracing his steps to London in 1882, where he now resides. While in Montreal he was a member of No. 5 company, Victoria rifles, with whom he was on active service in 1870. He is one of the original members of the Royal Canadian Academy, Ontario Society of Artists, and the old Society of Canadian Artists, which latter society was organized in Montreal in 1867, Mr. Bell-Smith, senior, being the first president ; and it was the first society com- posed exclusively of artists ever formed in Canada. As a contributor to the Canadian Illustrated News, and as one of the largest exhibitors at the annual exhibition of the Royal Canadian Academy and Ontario Soci- ety of Artists, as well as a most popular elo- cutionist and cartoonist, he has estab- lished a wide-spread reputation as one of the most prominent artists in the country. As an educationalist he can claim considerable notice, for to his energetic efforts and pa- tient labours must in some degree be attrib- uted the very decided reform in the art studies of our schools and colleges. His work at Alma College, St. Thomas, where he has directed the art department for the past four and a half years, has borne good fruit in the thorough training of some young ladies, several of whom now hold respon- sible positions as teachers in similar institu- tions. When the Educational department decided to grant certificates, authorizing the holders to teach drawing in the schools and colleges of the land, Mr. Bell-Smith set the example to the other teachers of drawing in the province, by submitting himself to the examination prescribed by the department ; and passing successfully in all branches, had the honour to be the first to receive the higher grade certificate. He is a Methodist ; and in years past has been an active member and officer. He is also identified with the A.F. & A.M. and the A.O.U. W. orders, in which he also holds office. In 1871 he mar- ried Annie Myra, daughter of S. W. Dyde, and niece of Colonel Dyde, A.D.C., K.C. M.G. There is issue two sons. Christie, William, Manufacturer of Biscuits, etc., Toronto, one of the most prominent men in the business circles of Canada, is the subject of this sketch. When a man, through persistent industry and upright methods, has won for himself a place higher than that occupied by the gen- eral run, the public become anxious to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 585 learn of his beginnings, and to know the history of his career. But only briefly is it allowed to us to deal with William Christie. He was born, we learn, in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on January 5th, 1829 ; and is a son of John Christie, of the same place. Mr. Christie, senior, was not blessed with wealth, but he enjoyed the respect of his fellows, and he had the same sterling qualities which it is well- known are the inheritance of his son. Our subject did not receive an elaborate edu- cation, but he obtained considerable school- ing. Like the sons of so many in the old country as well as in Canada, who have not means to bring up their families in lux- ury, young Christie was obliged to take any honest employment that offered. It is re- lated that he was not above at one time oc- cupying himself as a herd-laddie. But this was only a make-shift, and the young man was determined, through endeavour in an honest calling, to see if the world would not be made to yield him the living that it owed him. So casting about him as to what trade he would learn, it occurred to him that that of baker would not be the least profitable. Then, while acquiring this trade he used to think of the new country, Canada, rapidly growing ; and was convinced that in a com- munity devoid of a sufficiency of skilled labour there was a field for himself. To Can- ada, therefore, he came, in 1848 ; and on his arrival he promptly rolled up his sleeves and took employment in the calling that he had chosen for himself. He was now only in his nineteenth year, but he was hearty, full of enterprise, hope and ambition. He worked patiently in Toronto for a period, and then resolved to begin business upon his own part-responsibility. So in 1851 he entered into partnership with Mr. Brown, a well- known business man ; but the name of Mr. Christie did not appear in the title of the firm. The business with which the new establishment concerned itself was the bak- ing of biscuits and a general trade. From the day that the shutters of the new con- cern were opened up to this time, success has awaited upon the proprietors, and every day sees a further spread of the business. When Mr. Brown retired from the house, Mr. Christie took in Mr. Maver, and the firm was known for a period as Christie & Maver. In 1854 reverses came to the for- tunes of Mr. Christie. He had been en- dorsing the paper of a friend, but evil days were in store ; tire came and swept away the possessions of his friend, and after that the sheriff's figure was a familiar one for many years. Old friends had lost faith, but he found one man, Alex. Brown, who had confidence in his honesty and ability, notwithstanding that some wise and far- seeing ones shook their heads. Mr. Christie finds much satisfaction in looking back now upon this period of trial, for the successes that he has since achieved may well give him cause for self-congratulation. His busi- ness house is situate in the City of Toronto, and it would well repay the visitor to spend an hour in passing from one of the fine, bust- ling, airy, cleanly kept departments of the establishment to another. For the greater part our subject has been a devoted business man, attending to the general management, as well as the details of the wide-spread house, but he has been enabled, neverthe- less, to give some of his attention to worthy and unselfish objects. He has been inti- mately and conspicuously connected with the Toronto Industrial Exhibition Associa- tion, and is also an active member of the council of the Board of Trade of the City of Toronto. To enlarge his knowledge and experience he has travelled through the greater part of the United States, and he has visited all the chief places in Canada. Most of those who come to us from Scot- land, ask upon landing where the kirk is, and this did our subject too, upon his arrival. But in these later years he has refused rigidly to be bound by any ecclesi- astical doctrine, and in religion, as in human and state polity, is satisfied with nothing that is narrow- seeking the broad and the liberal. It is hardly necessary In the light of these facts to tell our readers that in politics Mr. Christie is a Reformer ; but his policy would be one of wise restraint, with the ultimate well-being of our coun- try as his aim. Mr. Christie married on the 21st March, 1855, Miss J. McMullin, of York county, Ontario, and the fruits of this union has been four children, three daughters and a son. Mr. Christie is a gentle- man of very few words, save when circum- stances demand it, then you find yourself listening to a man who has thought deeply and observed closely. He has a tall, fine presence, and his hair is sprinkled with gray. No pen can touch a history of the business growth of Canada, and leave from the pages the name of William Christie. Atkinson, Charles Richard, Chat- ham, Ont., was born in London, England, on May 4th, 1828. In his sixteenth year his father emigrated with his family to Can- ada, and settled in Oxford, then a wilder- ness, and thus gained some experience of 586 A CYCLOPEDIA OF bush farming, but not being inclined to a backwoods life, he studied with a view to be- come a civil engineer, but relinquished that aim, and adopted the profession of law, under the tutelage of Hon. Walter Mac- rea, in Chatham, commencing his studies in 1852. He was called to the bar in 1859, since which time he has been practising constantly in the above-named town, and has been engaged in a large number of im- portant suits. His business had so largely increased that, in 1880. he took in Mr. D. M. Christie as a partner. He was appoint- ed a Q.C. in 1885. Though a consistent Liberal-Conservative, his time has been too much occupied to leave much scope for en- gaging in the political arena. He stood for parliament in 1872, but was defeated by David Mills. He has seen Chatham emerge from a small place of 2,500 inhabitants, in 1852, to one of the dimensions, and with the appliances, of a city. Vanasse, Fabien Vertefeuille,M.P. for Yamaska, Montreal, was born at River David, in the parish of St. David, in the County of Yamaska, Province of Quebec, on the 6th of November, 1848. His father was Francois-Xavier Vanasse-Vertefeuille, and his mother Angelique Dupuis. His father was the pioneer of the parish of St. David, where he established himself in 1825. M. Vanasse-Vertefeuille is of French descent, his paternal and maternal ancestors having come from France in 1650, and taken up land in the vicinity of the bourgade of Three Rivers, now the flourishing City of Three Rivers. M. Vanasse attended at first the parish school of St. David, and in his thir- teenth year was sent to Nicolet college, where he completed his education in liter- ature and science. At the completion of his studies he was admitted to the study of law, after a severe examination before the Montreal bar, on the 11th of January, 1871. He had the advantage of having made his cours de droit under the direction of M. (now Hon. Justice) Jette, one of the most learned advocates at the Montreal bar. M. Vanasse was admitted, with distinction, to the Montreal bar on the 12th of January, 1875. On the 1st of May, 1875, he entered into a legal partnership as junior partner with Trudel & Tailion, of Montreal, and practised with that important firm for a period of four years. In 1879 he retired from the firm to enter the political sphere : and at the appointment of Honourable Jus- tice Gill, in 1879, the Conservatives of the county of Yamaska offered him the nomina- tion for the constituency, and he was elected on the 7th of July, 1879, by a majority of over 200 over his opponent, M. Felix Gouin, a trader of Pierreville, in the same county. At the general election, 1882, M. Vanasse was re-elected over his opponent, M. V. Gladu, of St. Francois-du-Sac, by more than 100 majority, in spite of the efforts and violence of his opponents. Dur- ing the summer of 1884 M. Vanasse organ- ized, in Montreal, La Compagnie d'impri- miere et de publication du Canada, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. He was elected and is still the president of that company. Soon after its organiza- tion the company acquired the property of the newspaper Le Monde for the price of $28,000, and M. Vanasse was chosen as the chief editor of that valuable and influ- ential conservative journal. M. Vanasse married, on the 17th of January, 1877, Claire Elmire, daughter of Alexander De- seve, advocate, of Montreal, and of Mar- guerite Lenoir-Rolland. Madame Vanasse is the sister of the distinguished French- Canadian violiniste now residing in the city of Boston. Three children were born to this union-Marie Claire, the eldest, on the 19th December, 1878, and who died the same day ; Marie-Joseph-Francois- Xavier Fabien, who was born on the 10th of May, 1881 ; and Marie-Madeleine-Mar- guerite-Angelique-Alexandrina-Claire, who was born on the 31st of December, 1883. M. Vanasse is a national Conservative, and he favours the national policy, the construc- tion of the Canadian Pacific Railway on Canadian soil from the Pacific to the At- lantic. Gilderslceve, Charles F., ex-Mayor, Kingston, was born in Kingston, on the 17th of October, 1833, his parents being Henry and Sarah (Finkle) Gildersleeve. His father had come from Portland, Connec- ticut, in 1816, settling in Kingston ; and was a shipbuilder, an owner of steamboats, and a very active and successful man of business. The maternal grandfather of Charles F. Gildersleeve was a United Em- pire loyalist. 0. F. Gildersleeve was edu- cated at Upper Canada College, Toronto, and studied law, first at Kingston, and after- wards at Toronto. In 1859 he was called to the bar, and he practised his profession for five years at Kingston. In 1864 he entered the steamboat business on Lake Ontario, and was the owner of the Norseman, which ran between Rochester and Port Hope, and of the Hastings, which plyed between Kingston and Belleville. He has been president of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway Company, CANADIAN BIO GRA PR Y. 587 and was for a period vice-president of the Canadian Navigation Company. He always took a great interest in promoting civic in- terests, and his zeal and achievements were recognized by his repeated election to the council board, and to the chair of chief magistrate in 1879. The Kingston and Pem- broke Railway, already alluded to, in the formation of which Mr. Gildersleeve took a prominent part, has added in a large de- gree to the commercial progress of Kingston. It is the shortest route between the princi- pal lumbering rivers of Ontario and the American market, and throws open for set- tlement a large agricultural area. Mr. Gildersleeve comes of a family of sturdy, capable and successful men of business. This family was especially conspicuous as shipbuilders, the sixth generation of the Gildersleeves having engaged in that occu- pation at Portland, Conn. When the father of ex-Mayor Gildersleeve went to Kingston in 1816 he assisted in building the Frontenac, the first steamboat launched on Lake On- tario. Soon afterwards he built for a com- pany the steamboat Charlotte, he himself being the principal owner and manager, till his death in 1851. The eldest son, Overton Gildersleeve, was for many years mayor of Kingston. Upon the death of his father he assumed the management of the business, and continued at the head of the same till his death, which occurred in 1864. His brother, Charles, the subject of this memoir, then became manager, and has held that position since, his undertakings being char- acterised by a wise mixture of prudence and enterprise. The steamboat interest, at the head of which is Charles Gildersleeve, is in all probability the oldest on the conti- nent. Mr. Gildersleeve is a staunch Re- former, and has held office in the local asso- ciation of his party. He is a master Mason, and a staunch member of the Church of England. He married, in June, 1863, Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Charles L. Herchmer, of Belleville, Ontario. There is issue by this marriage two children. Hadley, Sylvester, Chatham, Ont., though an unostentatious gentleman, yet his name has been a household word in the town of Chatham for nearly forty years, and he has been honoured twice with the highest municipal office within the gift of his fellow citizens. He was born in the township of Pickering, in 1825. His father, Charles Hadley, was of Eng- lish extraction, and his mother, Margaret Ann Young, claimed ancestry from the "land o' cakes." His father was a ves- sei owner on Lake Ontario, and built the Charles and Ann, and the Duke of York, at the mouth of the river Rouge. He was also at one time a captain of militia, and was at Chippewa when the Caroline was cut out and left to drift over the Falls of Niagara. Sylvester Hadley was for some time in general business, and built the bridge across the Rouge, east of Toronto, in 1847 ; afterwards assisted in building the Yonge St. Road through to the Holland Landing, finished in 1848, and was engaged on other public improvements. He went to Chatham from Toronto in 1848, and has been engaged there chiefly as a lumber mer- chant up to the present time. He has also been a builder and contractor, and re- built the river bridge over the Thames, which was burnt down in 1854. He ran a steamboat between Chatham and Montreal for three years, and is largely interested in the United Lumbermen, the Dolly Mordon, and the New Dominion. His extensive pur- chases of lumber are made on the shores of Lake Huron and the Georgian Bay, and sold chiefly in the county Kent, though partly in Essex and elsewhere. His planing mill and ample wharfage give every facility for carrying on his extensive business. In religion, Mr. Hadley is a staunch Metho- dist, and in politics, an equally staunch Reformer, being stoutly opposed to the national policy, and to all other monopolies. When he came to Chatham, in 1848, there were only two brick churches, two brick stores built, two in progress, and two brick dwelling-houses. Prices were fabulously low. The best pork ranged at $2.50 per cwt., eggs 5c. per dozen, butter 5c. per lb., cordwood 75c.-all for " store pay," There were no side-walks, and the street where his house now stands, and opposite the present Central school, were ponds or swamps, to cross which a plank was needful. Mr. Had- ley was first elected to the town council of Chatham thirty-two years ago, and since then he has repeatedly filled the same posi- tion, and was also deputy reeve before the separation of the town from the county, a measure which he opposed, and still con- demns. He is on principle antagonistic to bonuses ; and resisted the grant by the county council of $255,000 to the Erie and Huron Railway. In 1884 and 1885, he wielded the mayor's gavel, and as chief magistrate had the honour of receiving the governor-general in Chatham. His muni- cipal policy included strict economy and the husbanding of the resources of the town. Among the improvements effected during 588 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF his tenure of the mayoralty, was the con- struction of a very handsome and strong iron bridge across the Thames, to replace an old unsafe wooden structure, which was a disgrace to Chatham. He married Miss Eraser, who died, leaving five boys and five girls. In 1879, he married Miss Stephen- son. He is hale and vigorous in mind and body, with a long career of usefulness be- fore him. His good repute among all classes may be inferred from the cordial tribute paid to him at the closing session of the last council by those most strongly opposed to him in municipal general politics. Broun, Richard, Toronto, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, on May 13th, 1834. His parents were Thomas and Ann Brown. His father and his grandfather were engaged in the booksel- ling, stationery, bookbinding, and printing business, in Newcastle. Richard Brown was educated principally in Newcastle, at the Royal Grammar school, established in Qneen Elizabeth's reign. At an early age Richard, in company with his parents and brothers and sisters, crossed the Atlan- tic, landing in New York in the spring of 1846. The family proceeded to Toronto, via the Erie canal and boat from Lewiston, as railways in those days were few and far between. This mode of travelling, though very slow, was delightful to the children, who were very sorry when they landed in Toronto, and the pleasant trip was over. Mr. Brown has been a member of the Methodist church for about thirty years, and as his grandfather joined this body in the time of Wesley, the family records show that the Browns are descended from the ■original stock of Methodists. Our subject has held various positions in the church, such as superintendent of the Sunday-school, trustee, leader, and steward ; and is now connected with the Sherbourne street church. He married, in March 27th, 1861, Eliza- beth, daughter of Dr. Slade Robinson, who came to this country in 1831, from England, after living for a time in Jamaica. He lived for a period at Niagara Falls. Mrs. Brown's mother was a Miss Gillespie, of London, England, who came to this country on a visit with her brother, Alexander, of the old-established firm of Gillespie, Moffatt & Co., Montreal. Mr. Brown's father, the late Thomas Brown, commenced business on King street, Toronto, in 1846, as a book- seller, stationer, and bookbinder. Richard Brown, when a mere lad (1848), was put at the same trade, with Thomas Maclear, who carried on business on Yonge street, and on the death of Mr. Scobie, in 1854, Mr. Maclear having bought out the busi- ness, Mr. Brown continued with him, and was altogether about eight years in the establishment. In the spring of 1856, he began business, in partnership with his brothers, Thomas and John, under the name of Brown Brothers, as stationers, account book manufacturers, bookbinders, &c., and by their combined business efforts soon got to a foremost position in the trade, and which they have ever since maintained. Their business is one of the largest and most complete in the Dominion, and it is known far and wide that whatever they un- dertake can be depended upon. Over twenty years ago when, owing to the war, Ameri- can goods advanced to such high prices, they, to fill a much-needed requirement, commenced the publication of office and pocket diaries, which they have continued ever since, increasing in number every year, until now they amount to over 160 varieties. Subsequently the manufac- ture of wallets, satchels, and other lea- ther goods was added to their other de- partments. Thomas, the eldest of the three brothers, died when comparatively a young man, in the year 1867. John, better known as Major Brown, died on July 7th, 1882. He was connected with the Queen's Own from its inception, rising from private in the ranks to major. Richard is now the only one of the three brothers left. Thomson, James, Newburgh, Onta- rio, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the year 1831. His parents, both Scotch, were James and Rachel Thomson. James re- ceived a common school education. His parents not being in affluent circumstances, he was obliged to work for himself. When very young, he herded cattle in the sum- mer and went to school during the winter months. This he continued to do until he was about thirteen years of age. He then bound himself to Alex. Cowan & Sons, paper manufacturers, at a very low salary, to learn the business, He remained there until he was twenty-one, when, with a few shillings in his pocket, he bade his fond and took passage for America, Linking in New York after a long and rough voyage. He did not know what to do or where to go, and wished that he had remained at home. He was advised to try Trenton, New Jersey, where Providence opened up the way for him, and with a sal- ary of seven dollars a week, he became con- tented and happy, and there remained for four years. It was while here that he sen CANADIAN B10GRAPHT. 589 home his first earnings, and brought his parents to this country. He took the worthy couple with him wherever he went, until they were no more. After a time Mr. Thom- son severed his connections at Trenton, and went to Springville, Pa. It was while here that he married Elizabeth McCoy, with whom he has since found so much of life's true happiness. Up to this time he had merely been seeking the position of machine- tender, but he now aspired higher, and be- came manager of the mills, and continued in this responsible position until he accumu- lated some means. He then went another step higher and leased a mill, in which oper- ations he was achieving much success, when the American war broke out. He then lost everything that he possessed, and then it was that he first knew what real misfortune was. Having a family to provide for, he could not sit idly down and brood over the mischance, but he set out at once to find a position such as that which he had occupied before evil days came upon him. Some men would not have had the heart to " begin the world again" ; but he was not of that class, and it was not long before he occupied the position of foreman for one of his old em- ployers. He remained here for a short time only, and then embarked for Canada, in which country it was decreed that he should be long remembered among paper manufac- turers. He went to the Windsor Mills, and erected there for the Canada Paper Com- pany a pulp and paper mill, for the manu- facture of pulp and paper from wood, the first experiment of the kind that had ever been made in Canada. He remained here for five years ; then, in company with his brother, John Thomson, built the mill at Penobsquis, N.B., now called the Spring- dale mills, and owned by Mr. Nelson, of St. John. From this point Mr. Thomson, ac- companied by his brother, went to Ganan- oque, a beautiful town opposite the Thou- sand Islands, on the St. Lawrence, and there built a large mill. He was engaged putting in the machinery when the walls cracked from the peak to the water's edge, owing to their being built on a slanting rock. The machinery was then re-shipped to New- burgh, where it was erected fc r the fourth mill. On this occasion Mr. Thomson had a share in the enterprise beside, and the firm was known as Rookledge, Thomson & Co. Three years later (1873) were erected the mills at Kingsey Falls, for the Dominion Paper Company. In 1874 the Messrs. Thomson built for the Napanee Paper Company their splendid mills. In 1879 they erected, entirely for their own use, the seventh and last mill, at a cost of over $60,000. These fine buildings are situated at Thomsonville. on the N., T. & G. Rail- way and Napanee river, eight miles north of Napanee. In 1884, John Thomson re- tired from the business through ill-health, although, comparatively speaking, a young man. His share was purchased by the subject of this sketch, and the firm now is known as that of James Thomson, who carries on a very large and successful business, and where orders for No. 3 print and book papers are filled with carefulness, neatness and promptness. Anyone requiring such will find it to their advantage to address James Thomson, Newburgh, the pioneer wood paper maker of Canada. Mr. Thomson is a Presbyterian, being of that religious persua- sion that believes in looking up. He has held the office of elder for a number of years, and is very prominent in the church. He has not aspired to any public office, but has occupied a place in the council of the corporation of Newburgh, where he resides with his family. He has been offered higher positions, but would not accept the same, not wishing to be identified with such pub- lic affairs as would too much engross his at- tention. In the highest sense of the word- in so far as integrity and excellent business abilities are concerned-Mr. Thomson may well be designated a representative Cana- dian. McKellar, Peter Duncan,Registrar of the County of Kent, Chatham, Ont., was born on the 2nd of November, 1839, in the township of Raleigh. He is a son of the Hon. Archibald McKellar, and Lucy, daughter of Colour Sergent McNab, of the 71st Regi- ment. Peter D. McKellar was educated at Upper Canada college ; studied law in To- ronto for three years ; and took the LL. B. course in Toronto, except the final examin- ation for which he did not read up, as he had been appointed registrar in the mean- time. Mr. McKellar was a full private in the Victoria Rifles, formed in Toronto under Captain Ord, at the time of the Trent excitement; and he held a com- mission as lieutenant in the Sedentary militia. As we have seen, he is registrar of the County of Kent, to which office he was appointed in July, 1862, by the Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald. He has interested himself in the furtherance of objects of wide public importance from time to time, and in this connection may be mentioned his exertions towards the promotion of the Erie and Huron railroad scheme. Mr. 590 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF McKellar has been a member of the order of Knights of Pythias since 1873; and he is now grand chancellor of Ontario. In reli- gion he is, and always has been, a Presby- terian. He married on the 19th October, 1876, Louisa A., daughter of David Steg- mann. Gzowski, Col. Casimir Stanislaus, Aide-de-camp to Her Majesty Queen Vic- toria, was born on the 5th March, 1813, at St. Petersburg, the Russian capital, where his parents then were making a temporary sojourn. He is descended from an ancient Polish family which was ennobled in the sixteenth century, and which for more than two hundred years thereafter continued to exercise an influence upon national af- fairs. He is a son of Stanislaus, Count (Hrabia) Gzowski, who was an officer of the Imperial guard. C. S. Gzowski's childhood was spent in preparation for a military career. In his ninth year he entered the Military Engineering college at Kremenetz, in the province of Volhynia, and here re- mained until 1830, when he graduated as an engineer. He then received a commis- sion, and passed into the army. The insur- rection in Poland, of 1830, in which noble and serf, civilian and soldier, arose to over- throw the tyrannical rule of Constantine, has been blazoned through history. Through- out the whole of the fruitless attempt at freedom Casimir Stanislaus Gzowski played a conspicuous part. From the first he staked his lot with his co-patriots, and was present at the expulsion of Constantine from Warsaw, in November, 1830, and fought in most of the numerous conflicts of the time. He was several times wounded, and as often narrowly escaped capture. After the battle of Boremel, General Dwer- necki's division, to which he was attached, retreated into Austrian territory, where the troops surrendered. The rank and file were permitted to depart, but the officers, to the number of about six hundred, were im- prisoned at the several fortifications, where they languished for several months, after which they were exiled to the United States. When with his fellow exiles he landed in New York in 1833, he had no knowledge of the English language, and at Sandy Hook he heard the English tongue for the first time spoken by a harbour pilot. He was, we are informed on good authority, an excel- lent linguist, and had not merely a gram- matical but a practical knowledge of the French, German and Italian languages. Better than all these, he was endowed with an iron constitution, which even the rigours of an Austrian prison had not been able to injure, and a strength of will which would not admit the possibility of failure. Some idea of his resolution may be formed from the fact, that when he found his want of knowledge of the English language pre- vented him from pursuing his engineering profession with advantage, he determined to study law, as a means of acquiring a mastery of the English tongue. After subsisting for some months in New York by giving lessons in French and German, he betook himself to Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he entered the office of the late Parker L. Hall, an eminent lawyer of that town. The achievement of Mr. Gzowski in mastering the English language here was regarded as almost phenomenal. While pursuing his legal studies he supported himself by teach- ing modern languages, by drawing, and by fencing in two local academies. He studied Blackstone & Kent, the " lamp " from which he derived light to the meaning of the books, being a dictionary. We further are assured that his indomitable industry, his natural ability, his handsome manly presence, and his fine social qualities, all combined with his misfortunes to make him a marked man in Pittsfield society. After three years' study, in 1837, he passed his legal examina- tion successfully, and was only prevented from admission to the bar in consequence of his not being a naturalized citizen of the United States. He then passed over to Pennsylvania, whither he had been at- tracted by the fame of the coal discoveries there; and having taken the oath of alle- giance, was admitted to practice as an advo- cate in the Supreme court. Law, however, he soon discovered was not the occupation for which he felt he had most inclination ; so in a little while we find him engaged as engineer in connection with canals and great public works. In 1841 he came over to Toronto, and was for the first time brought into contact with some of the leading public men in Canada. The project of deepening and widening the Welland Canal was now attracting much attention in Canada, and Sir Charles Bagot, who formed a very high opinion of the abilities and the character of Mr. Gzowski, sanctioned very cordially his appointment to an office in the depart- ment of Public Works. Mr. Gzowski there- upon bade adieu to his American friends, and took up his abode in Canada. For the next six years he was engaged in this de- partment, and his report of the works in connection with harbours, bridges and high- ways occupies a considerable portion of a CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 591 large folio volume. Every important pro- vincial improvement came under his super- vision, " and nearly every county in Upper Canada bears upon its surface the impress of his great industry and engineering skill." In 1848 he published a report on the mines of the Upper Canada Mining Company on Lake Huron, but the railway era had set in, and upon railway construction was the mind of Mr. Gzowski Lent. He first connected himself with the St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railway Company ; and of this enterprise Mr. Gzowski was made chief engineer. He afterwards formed a partnership with Mr. (now Sir) A. T. Galt, the late Hon. Luther H. Holton, and the Hon. (now Sir) David Lewis Macpherson, and for sereral years de- voted himself exclusively to railway con- struction. In 1853 the firm of Gzowski & Co. obtained the contract for the construc- tion of the line from Toronto westward to Sarnia. At the completion of this work, which terminated with the most satisfac- tory pecuniary results, the firm was dis- solved, and the partnership thereafter com- prised only Messrs. Gzowski & Macpherson, who still continued in large railway-build- ing operations. In 1857 the firm established the Toronto rolling mills for the purpose of supplying railway companies with iron rails and other material. These mills were suc- cessfully operated for twelve years. The era of steel made the continuance of the mills unnecessary. During the excitement caused by the Trent affair Mr. Gzowski pro- ceeded to England, and laid before the War office a proposal respecting the defenses of Canada. The liberality of his own personal offer, and the brilliancy of the scheme were admitted by the government, but diplomatic reasons made it impossible to carry out the proposal. Mr. Gzowski took a deep interest in our militia, and became president of the Toronto Rifle Association. He afterwards became president of the Do- minion Rifle Association, and was instru- mental in sending the first team of repre- sentative Canadian riflemen from this pro- vince to England in 1870, to take part in the annual military operations at Wimble- don. In November, 1872, government recognized Mr. Gzowski's zeal and achieve- ments in connection with the Rifle Associa- tion, and appointed him lieutenant-colo- nel of the central division of Toronto volunteers. In May, 1872, he became a lieutenant-colonel on the staff; and in 1879 he was appointed aide-de-camp to Her Majesty Queen Victoria. The greatest of the many important public works, at the head of which was the subject of this sketch, may be mentioned : the International bridge, spanning the Niagara river, which magnifi- cent work was performed by Messrs. Gzow- ski and Macpherson at a cost of Si,500,000. Sir Charles Hartley, in a work published in England, in 1875, bears testimony to the fact that '1 the chief credit in overcoming the extraordinary difficulties which beset the building of the piers of this biidge is due to Colonel Gzowski, upon whom all the practical operations devolved. Still higher testimony came from Thomas Elliot Har- rison, president of the institute of civil engineers of Great Britain, who referred to the bridge as one of the most gigantic engi- neering works on the continent. In politics, Colonel Gzowski has always acted with the Conservative party; but he is broad in his views, and esteemed by men in both political parties. He has frequently been importuned to enter public life, but he has refused; and one cannot but regret the re- fusal, when we consider what a splendid figure he would be in the political sphere- that he would, achieve brilliant successes there, as he has done in the walk chosen for himself, there is no room at all to doubt. Colonel Gzowski still continues in partner- ship with Sir David Macpherson, but he en- joys more now than in former years the ease of domestic life. Colonel Gzowski is princely in his hospitality, and has entertained at his beautiful residence on Bathurst street most of the governors-general of his time. He has acquired a handsome fortune, and in social circles has a position of great emi- nence. Altogether his character is a very splendid one, and it is above reproach of any kind. In manners, Colonel Gzowski is courteous and genial, and he has a very distinguished presence. Karn, Dennis W., of the firm of D. W. Karn & Co., Organ and Piano Manufac- turers, Woodstock, Ontario, was born on the 6th February, 1843, in North Oxford, Ontario. His parents were Peter and Pris- cilla Karn, his mother being a daughter of Albert Thornton, of the same county, and one of the first settlers in that portion of the province. Peter Karn was likewise born in Oxford, and during his life was a farmer in that county. He died in 1883, and there remained after him a family of four. Dennis W. attended the common schools till he reached his seventeenth year, and then entered the Woodstock college. After spending about a year here, he returned to the farm, where he remained for another two years with4 his father. Having mar- 592 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ried in 1865, he began farming on his own account, and settled in the County of Ox- ford. After trying his fortune on the farm for a few years, he sold the property and removed to Woodstock, where he entered into partnership with J. M. Miller. In 1870 this partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Karn bought out the full interest of his late partner, and continued the busi- ness himself until 1879, when he admitted a silent partner, and the name of the firm was changed to D. W. Karn & Co. Although Mr. Karn has been offered a position in the town council time after time, he has always refused, affirming that his business engaged all his attention. However, in 1885, at the earnest wishes of his friends, he consented to be nominated for municipal honours, and was elected for St. John's ward, Woodstock; and as a further proof of the confidence re- posed in him, he was elected reeve for 1886. He was chairman of the water works com- mittee, and did good service in procuring a water supply for the town ; and has proven himself to be a municipal legislator of far above the ordinary ability. He is a mem- ber of the A.O.U.W., and in politics scorns to give a blind allegiance to any man or any party. Mr. Karn is a Baptist, and is treasurer, and also one of the deacons, of the Woodstock church, which has for its pastor the Rev. Thomas Trotter, B.A. A practical Christian man himself, he has al- ways given a generous support to Christian work, especially to the work of his own de- nomination. In 1881 he was elected trea- surer of the Woodstock college, under the Itev. Mr. Wolverton, M.A., and has held that position since, and is likewise a mem- ber of the executive board of the college. He married, in 1865, Elizabeth Hannah, eldest daughter of the late Ralph Feather- ston, of West Zorra, Oxford, and one of the most prominent agriculturists in that section of the province. By this marriage there have been three children. Janes, Simeon Heman, M.A., To- ronto, was born on February 5th, 1843, in the township of West Oxford, on the farm where his father, Heman Janes, a pioneer of the county, settled in the year 1800. His grandfather was one of the old U. E. loyal- ists. The family is of HuguenPt origin, and its earliest representative in America landed at Plymouth Rock shortly after the arrival of the Mayflower in 1620, and settled in the State of Massachusetts. Mr. Janes' mother, of Irish parentage, was born in New York. He received his early education at the Ingersoll Grammar school, and entered Victoria Uni- versity in 1861, from which institution he graduated B.A. in 1866, as the valedictorian of his class. He was admitted to the degree of M. A. in the same university in 1872. On February 13th, 1867, he married Maria Ann, eldest daughter of the late C. Quinlan, of Port Hope, who was for many years mayor of that town. Though it was intended that Mr. Janes should enter the legal pro- fession, he had a strong predilection for commercial pursuits, and finally decided in their favour. During the year of his mar- riage he commenced business in the retail dry goods line on King street, Toronto, and continued in the same until 1871. From that year till 1879 he was engaged in the wholesale dry goods. He then turned his whole attention to real estate. He brought to bear oh this line of business a wide ex- perience of men, thorough business habits, and an indomitable energy, and rapidly came to the front as one of the foremost real es- tate men of Toronto. Mr. Janes is vice-pres- ident of the Whitby Ladies' College. His re- ligious views are those of Methodism, and he is a Freemason. In politics he is progres- sive, and is a staunch member of the Lib- eral party. He is one of the most far-seeing, shrewd, and successful men of business in the community, and his operations are iden- tified with the progress of the city which he has chosen as the field of his enterprise. In the midst of a very active business life, Mr. Janes has found time for the cultivation of his literary tastes. He is well posted on the current literature of the day, particularly in the scientific department, and has been an extensive contributor to the msgazines and other periodicals. JParke, E. Jones, Q. C.. London, is the eldest son of the late Thomas Parke, Builder and Architect, a native of the county of Wicklow in Ireland, who settled in Toronto, then York, in 1820, and repre- sented the County of Middlesex in the two last parliaments of the Province of Upper Canada, and afterwards in the first parlia- ment of the Province of Canada. He was surveyor-general in the Lafontaine-Baldwin administration, and was in politics an ad- vanced Liberal advocating through the press and in parliament the introduction of re- sponsible government, municipal institu- tions, public schools, free grants of land to actual settlers, and the secularization of the clergy reserves. He earnestly supported Lord Sydnenham's efforts for the union of Upper and Lower Canada, and was largely instrumental in obtaining the assent of the Upper Canada legislature to the measure. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 593 He died at St. Catharines, 29th January, 1864. His son, E. Jones Parke, was born at York on the 1st of November, 1823 ; and was educated at the London District Gram- mar School, under Francis H. Wright, M.A. of Trinity College Dublin, who was head- master. He studied law in the office of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Alexander Campbell, in Kingston, and for a year in the office of the Hon. (afterwards Mr. Jus- tice) John Wilson, in London. Mr. Parke was called to the bar in 1847, and shortly afterwards commenced practice in Wood- stock, in partnership with the late Thomas Scatcherd, Q.C., M.P., having also an office in London, where Mr. Scatcherd resided. The partnership was dissolved in 1852, and Mr. Parke returned to London. Mr. Parke has since that time lived in the township of Westminster, and has practised his pro- fession in London. For a time he was in partnership with his late brother and stu- dent, Edward Deane Parke, who died on the 12th of July, 1868. Thomas Parke, barris- ter of Kingston, distinguished for high legal and literary attainments, died at his bro- ther's house in Westminster, on the 31st of July, 1885. Mr. Parke married, on the 4th of February, 1869, Mary Helen, daughter of George Southwick. M.D., of St. Thomas, and ex-M.P., for the East Riding of Elgin, and great grand-daughter of the late Elias Moore, M.P., of the township cf Yarmouth, who was the colleague of Thomas Parke in 1834, in the representation of the County of Middlesex. He is solicitor for several large financial institutions ; was one of the pro- moters of, and obtained the charter for the London and Port Stanley Railway in 1854 ; and has been solicitor for the company since its incorporation. He is also solicitor for the corporation of the County of Middlesex, having succeeded Judge Elliot on his eleva- tion to the bench. Mr. Parke was on two occasions appointed deputy judge of the County of Middlesex, and acted for consid- erable periods of time during the absence from the country of the late Judge Small. He is police magistrate for the City of Lon- don ; and he received the appointment of Queen's counsel in 1885. He is vice-presi- dent of the Law Association of the County of Middlesex, and a partner in the firm of Parke, Mills & Purdom, barristers, London. In politics he is a Liberal. Seager, Charles, Goderich, Ontario, Barrister-at-law, was born on the 17th of May, 1844, at Wellington, Shropshire, Eng- land, and removed to Canada in his child- hood. He is a son of Dr. Charles Seager, of Port Dover, Ontario, who was a son of the Rev. Charles Blick Seager, at one time a chaplain in Her Majesty's regular army, and a nephew of Sir Charles Blick, bart., of Worcester, England. His mother was Mary, daughter of Francis Rushton, of Coalbrook- dale, Shropshire, England. Charles Sea- ger was educated at Port Dover Grammar school, and afterwards studied law, and was called to the bar of Ontario, Hilary Term, 1867. He is a graduate of the Toronto Military school, and of the Volunteer Board of Examiners, London : and was a volun- teer in the Queen's Own Rifles, Toronto, from 1863 to February, 1866. He was after- wards captain of the Sarnia Battery, V.A., and served with his command on the St. Clair frontier on two occasions during the Fenian troubles of 1866 and 1870. He re signed on his removal to Goderich, and was permitted to retire, retaining his rank of captain, in 1870. Captain Seager married, on the 19th August, 1869, Margaret, daugh- ter of the Rev. James Padfield, M.A., of Burford, Ontario. He has confined himself almost exclusively to his profession, but has served in the Goderich town council. In politics he is a Liberal, and is now vice-pre- sident of the West Huron Reform Associa- tion. He has taken an active and prominent part in the various parliamentary elections, in South and West Huron since 1870 ; and some day he may be heard from in high par- liamentary quarters. He is a member of the Church of England. Mr. Seager has an ex- cellent professional reputation, and socially he is extremely popular. Hamilton, Hon. John, Senator, Montreal, was born near the City of Quebec, in the year 1827. The Hamilton family is ancient and distinguished, the subject of this memoir being descended from Hugh Hamilton, a son of Sir James Hamilton, of Evandale, in the kingdom of Scotland, who settled in Ireland in 1616. (Fuller parti- culars of the family may be found in Burk's Landed Gentry.') John is the third son of the late Colonel George Hamilton, of Haw- kesbury, Canada, who died in 1839, by Lucy Craigie, his wife. John Hamilton was edu- cated in Montreal; and he married Rebecca L, daughter of the Rev. John Lewis, B.A., of Cork, Ireland. This lady died, and Mr. Hamilton married again Ellen Marion, daughter of William Wood, of Seal Lodge, Surrey, England. She died in January, 1872; and he married again on the 3rd of June, in the following year, Jennie, relict of the late John Major, and daughter of the late Charles Cambie, formerly of Castle- 594 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF town, Tipperary, Ireland. Commercial pur- suits were according to the tastes of Mr. Hamilton, and his abilities in this direc- tion were soon made plain. He became a member of the long-established and exten- sive lumber firm of Hamilton Bros., and proprietor of the Hawkesbury mills, On- tario. In banking affairs he has taken a foremost part. He is a director of the Bank of Montreal, and has been president of the Merchants Bank of Canada. He began his political career by launching into mnnicipal politics, and was first elected to the reeve- ship of Hawkesbury, which position he held for four years. He was then chosen warden for the united counties of Prescott and Russell; and this office he filled with his usual ability and popularity, for three years. In 1860, he was elected to the Legis- lature of United Canada, for Inkerman, and retained that seat till the Union. Then, in recognition of his high character and fit- ness, he was called by Royal proclamation to the Senate, in which body he has since sat, displaying there the same solid abilities and wisdom that had marked his prosper- ous career. Senator Hamilton is a Conser- vative. McMahon, John Arthur, Kingston, was born at the town of Dundas, in the County of Wentworth, Ontario, on the 4th of April, 1853. He is a son of Philip Mc- Mahon, who was a resident of Dundas for thirty-seven years, and for fourteen a mem- ber of the town council, and for six a reeve of the town. He died in Dundas, in Feb- ruary, 1876. J. A. McMahon is a nephew of Dr. McMahon, M.P.P., for North Went- worth, and of the late Judge McMahon, of Simcoe, and Hugh McMahon, Q.C., of Toronto. He is a grandson of Hugh Mc- Mahon, civil engineer, of County Cavan, Ireland, who came to Canada in 1829, and settled in Dundas. The widow of Hugh McMahon, senior, and grandmother of J. A. McMahon, is still living in Dundas. The mother of our subject was Margaret, daugh- ter of Thomas Kavanagh, of Castlecomber, Ireland, who emigrated to Canada in 1845, and died at Quebec. J. A. McMahon was educated at a private school ; then in the separate school at Dundas, and afterwards at the St. Catharines Collegiate Institute. He entered the Law Society of Ontario in May, 1874, and remained for two and a half years in the law office of Bethune, Osler & Moss, at Toronto. He then spent one year in the office of the Hon. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines, and two years sub- sequently with Britton & Price, of King- ston. On being admitted to practice, he opened an office in Kingston, where he has been now in practice for six years. His industry, ability and popularity have al- ready won for him a very excellent business. Mr. McMahon is a Reformer in politics ; and he was secretary of the Kingston Reform Association for three years. He was a member of the convention which nominated Alexander Gunn, M.P., in opposition to Sir John A. Macdonald. He has been a school trustee for four years, and president of the St. Vincent de Paul Society for two years. He has been pressed repeatedly to stand for aldermanic honours in the city, but has always declined. He is a Roman catholic in religion, as his parents have been. He married on the 7th of January, 1879, Mary, second daughter of Thomas Wilson, mayor of the town of Dundas, and proprietor of the Dundas Foundry. Mills, James, M.A., Guelph, President of the Guelph Agricultural College, was born on the 24th of November, 1840, near Bond Head, in the County of Simcoe, Ontario. He is a son of John Mills and Ann Stinson, both of whom were born on the shore of Loch Erne, near Enniskillen, in the County of Fermanagh, Ireland. His mother was a quiet, retiring woman, noted especially for her unobtrusive piety, and anxious to live at peace with all her neighbours, and to make the best of everything. She was of a strongly religious turn of mind. When about nine years of age, John Mills settled with his father on a bush farm in South Simcoe, and assisted in the work of clearing and tilling that farm till he became a man. In the rebellion of 1837, he took up arms in defence of his country, and marched in a company of militia to meet the rebels at Montgomery's, on Yonge Street, in the County of York. After his marriage with Ann Stinson, who had been brought up on a neighbouring farm, he bought a hun- dred acres of bush land in Cartwright, near Lake Skugog, about twenty miles north of Bowmanville. His eldest son, James, assisted him in clearing this farm, and worked on it till the year before the Russian war, at which time they sold out and went back to South Simcoe. They then rented a farm of 200 acres, and by hard work and rigid economy, made enough money to pur- chase an excellent farm of 100 acres in the township of Tecumseth, a few miles south of Bond Head. There they lived till 1877, when Mr. Mills died, and the property was sold. John Mills was an excellent farmer, and gave all his sons a thorough training in CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 595 the details of that calling. He was specially noted for soundness of judgment, me- chmical skill, and the unusual thoroughness with which he did everything that he un- dertook. He possessed good average abili- ties, with untiring industry ; was indepen- dent, outspoken, and of unswerving in- tegrity. In youth he had been a member of the Church of England, and a tory in politics. When he grew up, he became a Methodist in religion ; and a moderate re- former in politics. He had a family of nine children, six boys and three girls, three of the sons received a university education. One of the boys, Rev. William Mills, is a minister in the Methodist church ; another J. S. Mills, is a druggist in Brantford ; John is a dentist in Brantford ; G. G. Mills, B.A., is a lawyer in Winnipeg, being a member of the firm of Aikins, Culver and Hamilton ; Alexander, the youngest, a lawyer in Tor- onto. Being the eldest of a large family, James Mills, had to work hard on the farm, engaging in all the details of farm work, till he was twenty years of age. His father being a first-class farmer, the son's appren- ticeship was comprehensive and thorough. In fact, the demands of farm work on his time and energies were such that his early education was very much neglected. At the age of twenty he lost his right arm by a threshing machine, and was obliged then to enter a public school with very small boys, to commence the study of English grammar and other elementary branches, which most boys undertake at twelve or thirteen. Af- ter one year's hard work in the public school, he went to the Bradford Grammar school, which was then one of the foremost schools in the country. The head master was John Campbell, M. A., who afterwards took charge of the Newburg academy ; then be- came head master of the Napanee High School, and subsequently took the position of classical master in the Peterborough Col- legiate Institute. After spending two years at Bradford, James Mills entered Victoria College, Cobourg. His college course was severe and very discouraging. From over work and lack of exercise, he fell ill at the end of the first year, and had to be taken home. After getting home he had a relapse, which confined him to bed for about three months. In 1865, after losing a year, he returned to college, and had only begun work, when he took a fever which confined him to bed for five weeks. In the third year of his course, he took the measles ; and in the fourth, was prostrated with a severe cold which settled on his lungs, and came near bringing him to the grave. In spite of all this he struggled through, and by dint of hard work, in the face of great discour- agements, won the Prince of Wales gold medal in 1868, for the highest standing in general proficiency, in a graduating class of nineteen, including the Rev. Dr. James Roy, of Cobourg. He stood higher in classics than in any other subject. While classics were his specialty, he has prepared students for matriculation, junior and senior in Tor- onto Uuiversity, not only in classics, but in English, French and German, all of which languages he reads with ease. After gradua- tion, he was offered the principalship of the Stanstead academy in the Eastern townships, and conducted the school to the satisfaction of all for a year ; but he did not like the school system of the Province of Quebec. So, he came west again and accepted the position of classical master, under Dr. Roy, in the Cobourg Collegiate Institute. In this latter position he remained for three years ; and gave the utmost satisfaction to inspectors, trustees, parents and students. His work in Cobourg, resulted in securing for him the unsolicited offer of the head- mastership of Brantford High School at a salary of $250 a year more than they had ever paid before. The school was ranked fourth class by the inspectors, when he took charge ; and in three years he succeeded in raising it to the rank of a Collegiate insti- tute. Mr. Mills remained for six and a- half years teaching classics, and discharging the duties of head master. During that time the school matriculated about seventy students in Toronto University, and twenty- five or thirty in Victoria, Queen's, and McGill's ; and these took a number of scholarships in classics, mathematics and moderns. In Toronto, his school got a first classical scholarship at senior matriculation ; a second classical scholarship at junior ma- triculation ; a first mathematical at junior matriculation, etc. ; also a first classical scholarship at McGill, two first classical at Queen's, and three first classical at Victoria. His scholars obtained a long list of first-class honours, and the school ranked next to Hamilton and St. Catharines Collegiate in- stitutes, in the number passed at inter- mediate and teachers' examinations. There were 280 in the school when Mr. Mills left. Of these, 150 were boarders from places out- side of the city. Shortly after he went to Brantford, he was appointed on the board of examiners, to examine candidates for second and third class teachers' certificates, and he remained a member of the board till 596 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF he left the city. In 1879 he was offered the presidency of the Ontario Agricultural College, at Guelph, and after some delib- eration, decided to accept the position. Since that time, he has had charge of this college, and has spoken in behalf of agricul- tural education before the provincial teachers' association, at county conventions, farmers' institutes, and elsewhere, urging especially the introduction of the first prin- ciples of agriculture into the rural public schools ; the establishment of an Agricul- tural High School in each of the thirteen agricultural districts, to teach (1) agricul- ture and live stock ; (2) the sciences relat- ing to agriculture, and (3) the branches of an English education ; and lastly, he has urged that a course of lectures be delivered annu- ally to the teachers in training at the Nor- mal schools, on agriculture, live stock, for- estry, and the beautifying of country homes. His pen has been actively engaged in pro- moting the same cause. He was a member of the Council of the Agricultural and Arts Association for some time ; and two years ago, at the request of the Council, prepared a course of reading and study in agriculture for farmers' sons, on the results of which certificates of agriculture are granted annu- ally by the council. Hitherto, he has pre- pared the papers, and has assisted, as a member of the educational committee, in examining the answers and recommending candidates for certificates. Mr. Mills is president of the college and professor of English literature and political economy. But he is not responsible for the manage- ment of the college farm. In religion he has always been a Methodist, and in politics, a moderate Reformer. He was a member of the last general conference of the Metho- dist church, held in Hamilton ; and of the union conference at Belleville, two years ago. He has never taken any prominent part in politics. Professor Mills married in July, 1869, Jessie, daughter of David Ross, of Co- bourg, and has a family of six children. We may add, that notwithstanding some oppo- sition, he has had the honour of organiz- ing and carrying out the Farmers' Insti- tutes, which have proved so popular in this Province. The government was exceed- ingly fortunate in getting at the head of an institution so important as this college, a man of the energy, the learning, and the practical experience of Professor Mills. He has been continuously making eloquent pleas by tongue and pen, on behalf of scien- tific farming; and his appeals have met with a fairly hearty response. He is right when he declares that the system in some of our schools draws away young men from agricultural pursuits, for the simple reason that certain studies which might be regard- ed as the foundations of agriculture and its contingent knowledge are studiously ignored in the schools. It is true that this brings the learner to look upon farming as unscientific drudgery, and as an occupation beneath the notice of learning, and of the schools. We have only to say, in conclusion, that the views enunciated with such terseness, apt- ness and force by President Millls, on this point will have to prevail, otherwise our educational system will become chiefly re- markable for alluring our sons away from the tillage of the soil. Easton, George, Brookville, Collector of Customs for the port of Brookville, Onta- rio, is the eldest son of Roderick Easton and Candace Baldwin, his wife, and was born at the then village of Brookville, on the 19th December, 1812. After serving as a clerk in commercial business for several years, he first engaged in general mercantile pursuits on his own account, at Brockville, on the 1st of April, 1835, under the firm name of Matthie Easton & Co., and so continued until 1884, when he joined with Crawford & Denaut in building that part of the St. Lawrence canal situate at Farran's Point, where he remained until 1846. He then re- moved to Montreal and re-entered mercan- tile business, and remained there until 1850. when he returned to Brockville. He em- ployed himself similarly here until he was appointed Collector of Customs, in March, 1868, which office he now holds. Mr. Eas- ton married, on the 5th October, 1840, Isa- bella Jane, eldest daughter of the late Hon. George Crawford. There is issue of this marriage three daughters and one son, all of whom are married, resident at St. Paul, Minn.; Winnipeg, Man.; Montreal, Que.; and Port Colborne, Ont. In religion Mr. Easton is a member of the Church of Eng- land. By commission he was appointed en- sign in the 1st regiment of Leeds militia, Colonel Adiel Sherwood, under date of 17th January, 1836, taking rank from the 3rd April, 1835. He was appointed lieutenant, in the Rifle company attached to the 1st Regiment, Leeds militia, the late Hon. George Sherwood, captain, under date of June 1st, 1838. This company did local duty for a short period during the troubles of 1837-38. Mr. Easton was appointed captain in the 1st regiment, Leeds mil- itia, taking rank from the 19th December, 1845. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 597 ' Thomas, Francis Wolferstan, Montreal, General Manager of Molsons Bank, was born on the 9th January, 1834, at Moorwenstow, Cornwall, and is a son of the late Rev. Francis Wolferstan Thomas, rector of Parkham, North Devon, and rural dean. The father of the Rev. Francis Wol- ferston Thomas, was the Rev. Thomas Thomas, a fellow of Oxford and vicar of Tidenham, in Gloucestershire, in which county he was a leading magistrate. Both these clergymen (the elder of whom married Elizabeth Wolferstan, of Hartland, Devon, members of whose family still reside at Stat- field Hall, Staffordshire), were in their day scholars and authors of repute. The family, as the name implies, is one of the oldest in Wales, and formerly possessed large estates in Glamorganshire. The Rev. Francis Wolferstan Thomas married a lady of the ancient and important family of Shearme, whose seat is Woodlands, Cornwall. The subject of this sketch was educated at King Edward VI. school, Sherborne, Dorset- shire, and as his parents desired him to take holy orders, he had a thorough classical training. But although his succession to the family living of Parkham would have assured him a good position in the church, he had no inclination for pastoral duties, his ambition being rather to enter the army. Before a commission could be procured for him, however, he had resolved to come to Canada, and engage in farming. Accordingly, in October, 1851, he left England, his desti- nation being Rice Lake, in Upper Canada, where a person who professed to be quali- fied had undertaken to instruct him in prac- tical agriculture. The promised lessons proving worthless, he turned his attention to engineering, and secured temporary em- ployment on the Grand Trunk Railway. As winter set in, the young adventurer (he was at that time only eighteen years old), found himself idle and adrift in a world of strang- ers. But youth is proverbially the season of hope, and Mr. Thomas was never one of those who give way to despondency. Not- withstanding more than one failure, he per- severed in his quest, and fortune at last fav- oured him. The Bank of Upper Canada was at that time at the head of such institutions in the country, and with it he began a career which was destined to be exceptionally suc- cessful. After a year's service, Mr. James Stevenson, the present cashier of the Quebec Bank, who was then managing the Toronto branch of the Bank of Montreal, offered Mr. Thomas a position, the acceptance of which was justified by a series of promo- tions culminating, in 1865, in his appoint- ment to the managership of the London branch. How thoroughly he satisfied those who entrusted him with such high respon- sibilities, the financial and business circles of Western Ontario need not be told. Nor were his abilities and character held in less esteem by the officials of other establish- ments. In 1870, after he had been manager at London for five years, Mr. (now Sir) D. L. Macpherson, moved by the cordial recom- mendations of E. H. King, ex-president of the Bank of Montreal, placed the office of cashier of Molsons Bank at Mr. Thomas's disposal. Though naturally reluctant to sever his connection with an institution in which he had so long held a foremost posi- tion, and to which he was bound by ties, both of business and friendship, Mr. Thomas finally decided to accept Mr. Macpherson's offer. Since July, 1870, when he assumed the supervisipn of its affairs, the status of the Molsons Bank has steadily and materi- ally improved. The capital has been aug- mented from one to two millions ; and it has been found necessary to establish fifteen branches in Ontario, and another branch at Sorel, in the province of Quebec. A re- serve of $675,000 has been provided, and the business of the bank has increased sevenfold. Nor is it only in his relations to the banking business that Mr. Thomas has found scope for his abilities. He was formerly a director of the Huron and Erie Savings and Loan Company of London, and is now a director of the Canada Life Assurance Company. He was D. D. G. M. of the London Masonic district. He is vice- president of the Mackaylnstitution for Pro- testant Deaf-mutes ; a member of the man- aging committee of of the Montreal General Hospital ; a director of the Art Association of Montreal, and of the Mount Royal Ceme- tery Company. When the British Association for the Advancement of Science visited Mon- treal in 1884, he was appointed chairman of the finance committee. Mr. Thomas's en- tire career has been marked by rare business capacity, combined with strict integrity and enlightened patriotism. Though his engagement have not permitted him to en- ter what is called public life, he has in the faithful discharge of his duties as a citizen, found ample opportunity for serving his country and benefiting the community in which his lot was cast. He knows how to be philanthrophic without ostentation. A true son of the Church of England, his hand is never closed when she needs his help, though at the same time he does not refuse 598 A CYCLOPEDIA OF his aid to any meritorious object, because its promoters differ from him in creed. Mr. Thomas married the third daughter of the Hon. George Jarvis Goodhue, one of the senators appointed by the Imperial govern- ment, and a member of a notable Massachu- setts family, of that Salem, which Haw- thorne has immortalized. Mrs. Goodhue was a daughter of Major Matthews, R.A., some time aide-de-camp to the Duke of Richmond, that governor-general, whose tragic fate has cast a shadow over the pages of Canadian history. After his retirement from the army, Major Matthews settled at Lobo, in Middle- sex, Ontario, which county he represented in parliament. Another of his daughters was married to the late Honourable James Sullivan, attorney-general, and afterwards justice of the Court of Queen's Bench of Upper Canada. JI ere di Hi, William Ralph, LL.B., Q.C., M.PP., for the City of London, On- tario, and leader of the opposition in the Ontario Assembly, was born in the town- ship of Westminster, County of Middlesex, on the 3lst March, 1840. His father was John Cooke Meredith, who was born at Dublin, Ireland, a graduate of Trinity Col- lege, and clerk of the Division Court for the County of Middlesex. John C. Meredith married Sarah Pegler, who became mother of the subject of this memoir. William Ralph Meredith was educated at the Lon- don Grammar school, and at the University of Toronto. He graduated from the law department of the latter institution, and was called to the bar in Trinity term, 1861. He immediately opened a law office in Lon- don, and in a short time had established a remunerative practice. His natural gifts were considerably above the average, he had agreeable and attractive manners, and soon became known as a popular lawyer. His knowledge of common law is extensive and sound, and his assistance in consulta- tion is always sought with great confi- dence. Among those qualified to judge, Mr. Meredith is regarded as now the leading Chancery lawyer in western Ontario. He is solicitor for the City of London. He was elected a bencher of the Law Society of On- tario in 1871, and created a Q.C. in 1876. In 1872 he was elected for London to the Ontario Legislature, and has been returned at every general election since. In politics he is an unflinching Liberal-Conservative, by which, in his case, we mean that as far as comes within his sphere, he supports the policy of Sir John A. Macdonald and his followers, giving his approbation to such acts of legislation as the national policy, and' the awarding of the Canadian Pacific Rail- way contract to Mr. George Stephen's syndicate. In the local house he leads the opposition against the Hon. Oliver Mowat. He is a gentleman whose private and public character is above any reproach ; and his abilities in the political sphere are not less marked than among his professional brethren. He has long and energetically advocated compulsory voting, holding that the vote is a privilege accorded to a person in the state, for the very reason that he shall exercise that privilege. He belongs to the communion of the Church of Eng- land ; and is a member of the senate of the University of Toronto, which conferred upon him his LL. B. Mr. Meredith married on June 26th, 1862, Mary, daughter of Marcus Holmes, of London, Ontario. By this union there has been four children, one of whom died in infancy. W. V. Meredith, the popular and widely respected inspector of the Bank of Montreal, is a brother of W. R. Meredith. Bell, Archibald, Chatham, Judge of the County Court of the County of Kent, was born at Toronto, on the 16th of Novem- ber, 1840. He was the third son of Archi- bald and Ag.ies Bell, natives of Paisley, Scotland, who emigrated to Canada in 1832,. and first settled at New Glasgow, near Montreal. In 1838 they moved to Toronto, and Mr. Bell carried on business there as a builder and contractor until 1845. He then moved with his young family to the town- ship of Lobo, in the County of Middlesex, purchasing and settling upon one hundred acres of land. That section was then an al- most unbroken forest, and there the subject of this sketch became familiar with almost every phase of the early settler's life. He was present, a lad of five or six, when the settlers met and erected in the midst of the forest a crude log-building for a school house. In this building he received the most of his school education. His first teacher, Mr. Donald McCrae, carried on to- gether during school hours the occupations of school-teaching and basket-making. He continued attending this country school dur- ing the winters, and such parts of the rest of the year as he could be spared from the farm, until 1857, when he obtained a first- class certificate for teaching school. He taught a country school for the next three years, and then, after an eight months course at the London Grammar school, en- tered the Law Society as a student at law, and was articled to the late Justice John CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 599 Wilson. On Mr. Wiison's elevation to the Superior Court bench in 1863, Mr. Bell re- sumed teaching for three yeais, reading law in his spare hours. He was called to the bar in Michaelmas term, 1866, and was at the head of the class of that term. He then served an additional year in the law offices of Donald Guthrie, of Guelph, and James Shanly, of London, He was admitted as an attorney and solicitor in May, 1868, and for two years practised law in Strathroy. In October, 1870, he moved to Chatham, where he now lives. After eight years of suc- cessful practice there, he was offered and accepted the appointment of judge of the County Court of the County of Kent, suc- ceeding the late Judge Wells. Mr. Bell married, on May 25, 1874, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Male Im Cameron, of Lobo. Politically, Judge Bell has always been a Reformer ; and in religion he is an adher- ent of the Presbyterian church. Farlinger, Capt. Alexander, Mor- risburgh, was born on June 1st, 1824, in Dundee, County Huntingdon, Quebec, and is of U. E. loyalist stock. His grandfather, Nicholas Farlinger, though of German des- cent, left his home in the valley of the Mohawk, New York, at the time of the rev- olutionary war and settled at Cornwall. Captain Alexander Farlinger's father was James, the son of Nicholas, who in early life settled in Dundee. Here, as above stated, our subject first saw the light. His mother's maiden name was Gardner, and she was of Scottish birth. Mr. Farlinger received his early education at the district school of his native place, and this he sup- plemented by private study until he pos- sessed a good English education. He re- mained on the farm until he was nearly nineteen years of age, when he entered the service of Masson & Farlinger, of Montreal, the latter gentleman being his uncle. This firm was amongst the earliest forwarders in Canada, and with the exception of three months spent teaching school, he continued with it about two years and a half, when the partnership was dissolved, and he then enter- ed the joint service of Macpherson, Crane & Co. and Hooker & Holton, as a captain of one of the Royal mail line of steamers, then plying between Kingston and Montreal. During his command he accomplished, on several occasions, the difficult feat of run- ning the Long Sault rapids at all hours of the night; passing over the Coteau, Ce- dar and Cascade rapids at night, and on one occasion, the Lachine rapids, and always retaining on board the same pilot. These feats have never since been accomplished, and when attained by Capt. Fai linger, were done with perfect safety, and never in the course of his career as a commander had he an accident to vessel or cargo. After a successful career of seven years in the above service, Captain Farlinger purchased the Frazer dock and property at Prescott, where he commenced business as forwarder, wharfinger and general merchant. In the year 1854 he removed to Morrisburgh, where he has since continued to reside. His earlier career in Morrisburg was similiar to that pursued in Prescott, where he accumu- lated considerable wealth. His wife, whom he married on June 1st, 1854, on his 30th birthday, was the daughter of the late Capt. William Kyle of Morrisburg. She owned a large amount of real estate, and the captain thenceforth devoted himself to its manage- ment, together with that of his own prop- erty ; and from that time has continued to deal extensively in town, village and farm- ing lands. This interest reached such large proportions that he gave up all other busi- ness in 1865, with the exception of purchas- ing produce, which he continues to do to this day. In 1880 Capt. Farlinger found himself the owner of about 19,000 acres of improved farming lands in the different counties of eastern Ontario. Long ago he he established a system of farm tenantry, granting leases for a term of years, and he has now over one hnndred tenants, and so satisfactory has this system been to all parties concerned, that many of his tenants have occupied the farms for twenty-five years, and others, through Mrs. Farlinger, for nearly forty years. The homestead farm of 280 acres, in the village of Morris- burg, he had surveyed and laid out in town lots, with streets of 70 feet wide. There is a water power of 300 horse-power in front of his property at the foot of the Rapid du Plat. Mr. Farlinger's idea was to invest the means at his command in prop- erty of this nature, instead of bank and other stocks, for he feels that these he can control, while the other securities men- tioned are at the mercy of directors, man- agers, etc. The wisdom of this policy has been successfully demonstrated. The only difficulty incidental to the development of his plans, and to their perfect success, was about the years 1876, 1877 and 1878. The commercial panic of 1874, in its after effects, depreciated the value for some time of farm property, and taxes accumulating, compelled him todisposeofabout 3,000 acres, leaving him and his wife, however, owners of 600 A CYCLOPEDIA OF 16,000 acres of farm property, besides vil- lage and town real estate. Farlinger block of Morrisburgh is a monument to the enter- prise and wealth of Capt. Farlinger, occupy- ing a commanding site near the business cen- tre ; his offices and stores taking up one-half of the building, the Morrisburgh branch of the Molson Bank occupying the remainder. This branch bank Captain Farlinger had established here. Our subject has already taken an active interest in railway enter- prises. In 1865 he projected ffie scheme now known as the Ottawa, Waddington and New York Railway and Bridge Company, which obtained its charter at the first meet- ing of the provisional directorate, held in Ottawa, 1882. He has always held that it would be possible to breakfast in Ottawa and dine in New York. In a letter to the Mont- real Witness, bearing date March 30th, 1881, he projected the scheme of a road from Montreal to Smith's Falls, which pro- posal has been adopted almost in its entirety by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. In military matters Captain Farlinger has always taken an active interest. Asa boy he was a participant in the rebellion of 1837 ; and at the time of the Trent affair he was commissioned by the government to raise a company of rifles for ser- vice, and in three days he had a full complement of men enrolled. Captain Far- linger takes a special pride in the breed- ing of superior stock ; his reputation in that respect extending beyond the province. He competed for many years, successfully, in New York state, and at the Dominion Fair held at Ottawa in 1879. He received the highest premium for a pair of crossed matched roadsters, the prize in this case being the Dominion gold medal, which the captain holds in special regard by reason of its being presented to him by the Princess Louise. In the year 1854 he was appointed a justice of the peace. H's extensive pri- vate business has prevented him from tak- ing an active part in public affairs, although he occupied the reeve's chair of the town- ship of Williamsburg in 1877. In politics he is a pronounced Conservative, and wields naturally much local influence, being as he himself describes it, a thick and thin sup- porter of Sir John A. Macdonald. He, however, has never tried to influence his tenants, simply as tenants. He has been fre- quently urged to stand for parliament, but has steadily refused to do so. For this de- termination he has been sometimes censur- ed by his party. On its inception, Captain Farlinger became president of the Dundas County Agricultural Society, which office he held for some years. After it became firmly established, he however retired from the presidency, though still retaining an active interest in its affairs. He has repeatedly urged upon the people of the village the benefit to be derived by a liberal policy towards manufacturing interests, and has often himself promised free water power, but the residents do not seem to have sup- ported his action as liberally as they should have done. During a visit of Sir John A. Macdonald to the residence of the captain, in 1877, the latter suggested to the " Chief" the advisability of his adopting the policy of protection. The matter was thoroughly discussed between them, Captain Farlinger holding that since the prosperity of the country lay in our agricultural and manu- facturing interests, it was desirable to pro- tect and encourage these industries ; and as a result, at the Conservative pic-nic, held at Winchester Springs, to which the two drove together, Sir John A. Macdonald, for the first time, declared himself on the subject of what is now known to history as the national policy. In religion our subject is a Presbyterian, and favoured the policy of church union. Captain Farlinger has a family of four boys and five girls. Wright, Thomas Henry, Sandwich, Ontario, Treasurer of Essex county, was born at Colchester, in the same county, on the 19th July, 1816. His father, Henry Wright, was, we learn, a native of Pennsyl- vania, born in 1786, and was the third son in a family of eight children He came with his father's family by land route to Detroit in 1796, and crossed thence into Canada. There being no roads or settle- ments for most of the distance at that time, the goods and persons of the family were carried on the backs of pack horses. The family is of ancient origin. The paternal grandfather of Henry Wright was a native of Kent county, England ; and his paternal grandmother, though a native of Pennsyl- vania, was of German descent, from a fam- ily named Klingersmith. Thomas H. Wright was educated in Colchester, Ontario, and at the High School in Sandwich. His course of instruction included the English branches, mathematics, and those studies which were calculated to best qualify him for the work of land surveyor and civil engineer. One of his first duties on leaving school was to ac- company Colonel Johnson in a preliminary survey of the route for the Southern Rail- road, from Fort Erie to Sandwich, which survey took place in 1836. He had been CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 601 accustomed to work on the farm in summer, and to attend school in winter; and this life, as in other like cases, had not only be- gotten habits of industry, but had served to develop the bent of his taste, which was strongly towards mathematical and mechan- ical pursuits. After his first trial with Col- onel Johnson, Mr. Wright was employed in surveys under Captain Wilkinson, of Sand- wich, aud continued in the work until the rebellion broke out in 1837. Mr. Wright volunteered as third officer in a troop of cavalry, under Captain Wilkinson as first officer, in the work of putting down the re- bellion and repelling the invaders. He participated in the struggle in which the schooner Ann was taken, at Amherstburg, and in the driving of the rebels from Bois Blanc Island. He returned to the farm in Colchester in the fall of 1842, and in 1846 he combined the pursuits of agriculture with the management of a coun- try store. He then removed his goods to Amherstburg, where he erected a steam grist mill, which he operated until 1853, when he sold out. But his services as en- gineer and surveyor were still in requisition, and up to the year 1859, they were com- manded by the Great Western Railway and its branches, or the Southern Railway. Mr. Wright then set out on an expedition upon the steamer Plough Boy, to open a new route on the north shore of lakes Huron and Superior, in connection with the North- ern Railway, carrying the first mails sent to Red River, now Manitoba. With a capaci- ty for civil service, and commanding the confidence of all classes of citizens, Mr. Wright has seldom been found out of offi- cial position. In 1839 and 1841, he discharg- ed the duties of the commissariat. In 1862 he was appointed county treasurer for Essex county, and he has held the office continually from that time to the present, (1886). Mr. Wright has held a membership in the Masonic order since 1845. In poli- tics, he belongs to the Liberal-Conservative party. In religion, he is warmly attached to the Protestant Episcopal church, having been a member of that communion from in- fancy. He married, in 1863, Euphemia Sampson, daughter of Thomas Bell, of the Military Engineer department, Toronto. Mr. Wright is tall in figure, and has a well developed, muscular frame. He is of a mild and benignant cast of countenance, which, added to a pleasing address and fine social qualities, greatly contributes to his popular- ity with all classes. No one ever questions his personal integrity, or his fidelity in the discharge of the duties with which he is en- trusted. He represents a class of citizens, all too few in number, and who are there- fore the more deserving of honourable men- tion and enduring record-the class distin- guished by honour unsullied, and a true manhood. Toins, Isaac Francis, Senior Judge of the County Court of the County of Hu- ron, Goderich, Ont., was born in February, 1840, at Charlotteville, Norfolk county. His father was Albert Toms, and the fam- ily came from Devonshire, England. His maternal grandfather, Robert Henderson, a native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and a U. E. Loyalist, settled on the shores of Lake Erie, towards the end of the last cen- tury. His mother was Mary, daughter of Aquila M. and Margaret Walsh. His maternal grandfather, Thomas Walsh, was an officer in the British army, and settled in the province of Maryland. He was a U. E. Loyalist, and removed to Upper Canada in 1798, settling at Chippawa. He afterwards removed to Charlotteville, and was the first registrar of the London dis- trict. Judge Toms'grandmother, Margaret Walsh, was a daughter of Duncan McCall, a U. E. loyalist, one of the M. P.P's., for Norfolk county, and he died at York dur- ing a session of parliament. His father, Donald McCall, was an Argyleshire High- lander, who was at the taking of Quebec in 1759, and also accompanied Major Rogers on that officer's trip from Quebec to De- troit. Our subject was educated at public and private schools ; studied law at Simcoe and Toronto, and removed to Goderich in 1860, where he commenced practising law in the following year. In June, 1866, he was appointed deputy judge of the County Court of the United Counties of Huron and Bruce, but resigned in August, 1867. Tn December, 1872, he was appointed junior judge of the County Court of Huron. In February, 1879, he was appointed surrogate judge of the Maritime Court of Ontario ; in March, 1881, he became local judge of the High Court of Justice for the County of Huron ; in December, 1882, senior judge of the County Court of the County of Huron ; and in October, 1885, he was appointed re- vising officer under the Electoral Franchise Act, for South Huron. Judge Toms was one of the first shareholders in the company which discovered salt and put down and worked the first salt well at Goderich. He is a member and P. M. of Maitland lodge, No. 33 Goderich, A. F. & A. M. ; a mem- ber and P. Z. of Huron Chapter No. 30, 602 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Goderich ; a member of Tecumseh Chapter, No. 24, Stratford, and honorary member of Havelock Chapter, No. 63, Kincardine,Royal Arch Masons; and a member and Past Preceptor of St. Elmo Preceptory Knights Templars, Goderich. He was district dep- uty Grand Master for the Huron District from 1870 to 1872, and grand superin- tendent of the same district from 1872 to 1876, and from 1878 to 1882. He is likewise a member of Toronto Lodge of Per- fection, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite; is a member and P.G. and P.C.P. of Huron lodge, No. 62, and Huron encampment, No. 28, Independent Order of Oddfellows. Previous to 1872 he was an active member of the Liberal-Conservative party, and was president of the Liberal-Conservative Asso- ciation of South Huron, and subsequently of Centre Huron. Judge Toms married in August, 1873, Georgina Charlotte, only surviving child of John George Rosenstein, M.D. Dr. Rosenstein was a Prussian, a distinguished linguist, and one of the first to introduce homoeopathy into America. He practised in St. Louis, in 1840, and removed to Montreal, where he married Charlotte Johanna, only child of John G. and Sibella Medinger Albeck, early Ger- man settlers of that city. He afterwards practised in London, England, where he edited several standard works upon homoe- opathy. He returned to Montreal, and died there in 1859. Judge Toms has had two children. Sybil Margaret, born July, 1875, and George Albert Isaac, born April, 1878, who died in infancy. We may add, that when practising, Mr. Toms directed his attention principally to Chancery, and had a large practice at the Chancery bar. Herring, John, Napanee, was born on February 17th, 1818, at Denmark, Lewis county, State of New York, and is a son of William Herring, of the County of Devon, England, who emigrated to the United States in 1810. William Herring married Cynthia Buck, of Massachusetts, in 1814, after which he settled in Denmark, N. Y., where he engaged in brewing. This occu- pation he followed until 1828, when he pur- chased a farm near Gouveneur, N.Y.,which he cultivated until jiis death in 1867. The subject of this sketch received a good com- mon school education in the vicinity of the family homestead, and at the age of eighteen apprenticed himself to the building busi- ness, at which he worked during the sum- mer, teaching school during the winter in the vicinity of his father's home. In 1841, hearing of a demand for builders in Canada, he came over to Kingston, and erected a residence for the late Captain Gildersleeve, after which he removed to Napanee and en- gaged in the foundry business, which was then in its infancy. He manufactured the first stoves ever cast in these counties. In October, 1842, he returned to Gouveneur for a visit to his patents and relatives, and married at Brownville, Pamelia Fowler, a young lady whose acquaintance he made while teaching school in Watertown. He returned to Napanee within a few days, where he has since continuously resided. His children were eleven in number, five of whom only arrived at maturity, viz. :- Adelaide, born in 1843, married in 1860 to Mark T. Rogers, one of the leading mer- chants of Napanee ; George Hiram, who married Adeline Elizabeth Aylesworth in 1869, and who died in January, 1885, leav- ing a widow and five children. Helen P., Orlin L., and James E. are the remaining children ; the latter of whom was married in September, 1882, to Nellie A., daughter of Dr. Cook, of Napanee. Mr. Herring was elected to the town council in 1860, and served in various capacities there for about twenty-five years, the last seven or eight of which he held the office of reeve of the town, not being able to give the time to the duties of mayor, an office for which he was several times solicited to offer himself. Mr. Herring added various enterprises to his foundry business, among others those of brickmaking, lumbering, and potash manu- facturing. But in 1857 be turned his atten- tion more directly to the manufacture of reapers and mowers, and made the first ever handled in his county, on what was known as the Buckeye pattern, several of which are still in use, and which are doing as good work as any, after a quarter of a cen- tury's use, although not quite as light as those of more recent pattern. In 1864 he built the West Ward Academy, after which he sold out the brickmaking busi- ness, his rapidly increasing reaper trade demanding his undivided attention. In 1872, a joint stock company was formed for the manufacture of paper at a water power on the Napanee river, about four miles from the town. Mr. Herring was one of the principal promoters and stock- holders, owning about half the stock, his credit enabling the company to pull through the hard times experienced during the first five or six years of their existence. In 1876, a company was formed for lighting the town with gas from petroleum, but owing to lack of capital, the company went into liquida- CANAD1AN BIOGRAPHY. 603 tion, Mr. Herring finally becoming the pur- chaser. He himself now runs the works so satisfactorily, that it is admitted both by visitors and experts that the Napanee gas is second to none in the province. In 1880, a project was started for establishing the manufacture of window glass, Mr. Herring being one of the first called to look into the matter. A company was projected with a capital of $200,000 ; but from various causes, those first interested dropped out of the matter, and Mr. Herring decided to go on alone. In 1881, after looking over vari- ous factories in Pittsburg and Syracuse, he erected the present Napanee glass works, the only establishment of the kind in the Dominion. Not being a practical glass maker, he experienced from the first a great deal of trouble from the operatives, who are controlled by the glass-makers' union ; and his capital being locked up in plant, he was obliged, in 1883, to close the works, after manufacturing for two seasons, and turning out a quality of glass such as had never been in use in Canada, and which would control the market of the Dominion to the exclu- sion of the imported article. Mr. Herring made an attempt to get up a stock company in Canada, in 1884, for the purpose of re- opening the works, but owing to the tight- ness of the money market to some extent, but principally to the lack of practical know- ledge of the business, he was unable to suc- ceed ; and in 1885, the people of the town, knowing the importance of again getting the works in operation, combined with Mr. Herring and sent a man to England to lay the matter before some capitalists there, with the prospect at present writing, (Janu- ary, 1886), that the works will again be started with at least three times their pres- ent capacity. In conclusion, Mr. Herring is looked upon as one of the fathers of the town, having been connected with every public enterprise there, and being one of the first to subscribe to anything which had merit, and would give employment to the working classes. Although he has met with reverses, having been burned out in 1864, and sustained various losses by the failure of others, he is still one of the largest em- ployers of labour and heaviest ratepayers in the town ; and we do not know of a man whose loss would be more deeply felt than his. In politics Mr. Herring is a Reformer, and he was president of the Reform Associ- ation of Lennox for two years previous to 1878. In religion he entertains the most liberal views, conceding to all the right to worship as they deem proper, while he him- self is willing to be classed with the agnos- tics, believing more in the religion of the " milk of human kindness," and the perfect application of the golden rule, than any theory at present preached or promulgated in reference to a hereafter. As a proof of his consistency, he has always been a strong promoter of temperance, and was one of the most active workers among the Good Temp- lars, which may be said to have taken its rise in Canada in the town of Napanee, he being firmly convinced that the excessive use of alcohol is the cause of nine-tenths of the misery suffered by the human family. Walsh, William Legli, Barrister-at- law, Orangeville, was born on January 28th, 1857, at Simcoe, in the County of Norfolk. He is a son of Aquila and Jane (Adams) Walsh. His father represented the County of Norfolk in the Legislative Assembly from 1861 to 1867, and represented North Nor- folk in the House of Commons from 1867 to 1872 He was chairman of the board of commissioners for the construction of the Intercolonial Railway, and at the time of his death, in March, 1885, was commissioner in charge of the Dominion lands in the North-west. Our subject is a grandson of Francis L. Walsh, who was registrar of the County of Norfolk for over seventy years. Mr. Walsh is descended of an old U. E. loyalist family, who came originally to Canada in 1812, and settled in the township of Charlotteville, Norfolk county, having migrated thither from Pennsylvania. Wil- liam L. was one of a family of six children, and was educated at Simcoe High and matriculated as undergraduate of Tor- onto University in 1872. He did not finish his course, but commenced to study law in the office of Tisdale, Livingstone & Robb, Simcoe, in 1873. He removed to Hamilton in 1876, and studied with Martin & Parkes, until 1877, when he removed to Toronto and concluded his course in the office of Dalton McCarthy, Q.C. He was admitted as a solicitor in 1879, and called to the bar in 1880. He practised law in Simcoe as a member of the firm of Ansley, Slaight & Walsh, from 1879 to 1881, when he formed a partnership in Orangeville with Dalton McCarthy, Q. C., which lasted until 1884, and has ever since practised there. He is solicitor for the town of Orangeville, for the townships of Mono and Melancthon, and for the Bank of Hamilton. He at one time held a commission as lieutenant in the 39th Batt., but is now not connected with the militia. He has always been an ad- herent of the Church of England, and is now 604 A CYCLOPEDIA OF serving his third year as churchwarden of St. Mark's church, Orangeville. Mr. Walsh has travelled extensively through Canada and the United States. He married, on November 14th, 1883, Bessie, youngest daughter of Thomas McVittie, of Barrie, by whom he has one daughter. In politics Mr. Walsh is devoted to the party led by Sir John A. Macdonald, and he is a member of the Orangeville Conservative Asociation. He is somewhat retiring in his manners, but in legal circles he has the repute of being very astute and capable. Elwood, Rev. Edward Lindsey, M.A., Rector of St. George's Church, God- erich, Ontario, and Archdeacon of Huron, was born at Cork, Ireland, on the 13th December, 1810. He is a son of Edward Elwood, a captain in the 7th Royal Fusi- liers, by Esther Lindsey. The Elwood family belongs to the gentry' of Roscommon, Ireland. Edward Lindsey Elwood at first attended a private school in Dublin, taught by the Rev. T. P. Huddart, Chief-Justice Hagarty being a pupil at the same school. Young Elwood afterward entered Trinity College, Dublin, from which institution he graduated A.B. in 1831. He received his master's degree seven years later. On Octo- ber 6th, 1833, he was ordained deacon by the Rev. Dr. Knox, of Killaloe, and priest on Ascension Day, 1836, by the Bishop of Limerick. He became curate of the parish of Screen, in the diocese of Tuam ; he was next removed to Tanderagee, diocese of Armagh, and again to Drumbanagher, in the same diocese. In 1848 he emigrated to Canada, and was locum teneus for a few months at York Mills ; after which he be- came rector of St. George's Church, Gode- rich. In September of 1875, his zeal, learn- ing and piety received a substantial mark of recognition by his appointment as arch- deacon of Huron, and chaplain to the Lord Bishop. As a preacher the archdeacon is powerful, and his utterances are alwayt marked by warmth of zeal, by careful thought, and a pervading culture. He is a singularly pleasant reader ; and he has the love and reverence of those committed to his pastoral care. He was a trustee of the Goderich High school for several years, and has always taken a hearty interest in educational work, as he has in all things relating to the moral and intellectual pro- gress of the community. He married in September, 1836, Ellen, daughter of the Rev. John Yeats, of Drumcliffe, Ireland. There have been born to this union eleven •children, seven of whom survive. Mrs. Elwood died on August 7th, 1870, deeply lamented by a wide circle of friends. Of the seven children all are married save two, Mary, and William Butler. Esther, the eldest daughter, is the wife of the Rev. Isaac Middleton, B.A., of Oshawa ; Ellen S. M. is the wife of Horace Conquest, of Clifton, Ontaria ; Rebecca is the wife of Philip Holt, barrister, of the firm of Cameron, Holt & Cameron, Goderich ; George Vesey is in the Inland Revenue office at Stratford ; and Henry Taylor is in business at Chicago. The archdeacon is a man of an extremely cheerful temperament; " he has a cordiality and whole-heartedness which puts a stranger upon good terms with him at once, and is, in short, a sunny-souled Christian." Bradshaw, Seth Wesley, Belleville, Ontario, was born on Christmas day, 1833, on lot thirty-four, third concession, in the township of Ancaster, County of Wentworth. He is a son of Walter Bradshaw, whose father was of Scotch descent, and the pater- nal grandmother of our subject was Miss Vanderlip, whose father served under Col. Butler during the American revolutionary war. Mr. Vanderlip was a U. E. loyalist, and secured land immediately opposite the farm of Mr. Bradshaw, senior, and here he died. Seth Wesley Bradshaw's mother was Huldah, daughter of Abraham and Sarah Vansickle, who removed into Canada from the State of New Jersey immediately after the American revolution. The former was of German extraction ; the latter was Eng- lish, and all lived to a ripe old age. Walter Bradshaw was a liberal in politics ; and a member or adherent of the Episcopal Meth- odist church. S. W. Bradshaw was edu- cated at the common school of Ancaster, until the 4th March, 1850, when he pro- ceeded to Jerseyville, to learn the blacksmith trade with A. Hendershott. Here he served for four years, and then commenced busi- ness on his own account, almost opposite his father's farm, on April 24th, 1854. He married in January, 1855, Ann, daughter of David and Jane Howell, of Jerseyville. Mr. Bradshaw continued in the waggon and carriage making business, with blacksmith- ing combined, until May, 1866, when he sold out to his brother, who had learned his trade with our subject. This brother is still carrying on the business in the same place. Mr. Bradshaw then purchased a farm near Onondago, in the county of Brant, which he worked for two years, and then rented the property. He now removed to the town of Brantford, and began to retail sewing ma- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 605 chines until something better came into his way. In 1870 he began to travel for the Wilson & Bowman Sewing Machine Com- pany as general agent, and continued in this capacity until 1872, when the firm sent him to England to endeavour to introduce their machines there. He spent that year in the British Isles, and went over to France, but as that country had so recently emerged from the great German conflict, Mr. Brad- shaw could do but little there. He returned to Canada in the autumn of the same year, continued in the employ of the last men- tioned and other sewing machine manufac- turers until May, 1877, when he engaged with his present employer, William Patter- son, M.P. for South Brant, to manage that gentleman's branch house in Belleville, where he is still employed. Mr. Bradshaw is a member of the Masonic as well as of the Oddfellows' societies, and during the Trent affair was one of the hundred who formed a volunteer cavalry company, known as the Wentworth cavalry, but which is now ex- tinct. Lewis, Frederick Wilson, M. D., M.C.P.S.O., Orangeville, Ontario, was born in the village of Addison, County of Leeds, Ontario, on the 30th of March, 1855. He is a son of Wellington Lewis, by his wife, Ordelia, daughter of Ebenezer Wilson, of the town of Ogdensburg, in the State of New York. Mrs. Wilson was a descend- ant of the Adams family, who were promi- nent in American history for their great statesmanship, their oratory, and their more than usual diplomatic skill. John Quincy Adams is a member of this family, and another was the gentleman who comported himself with so much firmness, dignity, and ability as American minister at England during the civil war, and when English ship- builders were furnishing cruisers to the Southern flag. Mr. Lewis was a son of Ira Lewis, a U. E. loyalist, who came to Canada from the State of Connecticut about 1812, and settled in the village of Ley man, where he remained until his death. Mr. Welling- ton Lewis adopted the life of a merchant, but retired from business some years, and since then has led a quiet life. Mrs. Lewis is also living, and the fruit of the union is a family of four, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. Frederick received a thorough education, attending first the com- mon schools of his native place, and after- wards the Farmersville High school, and the Collegiate Institute of Kingston. Hav- ing a strong inclination for medicine, he en- tered the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Kingston, in 1874, where here- ma'ned for four years, until he graduated in 1878. In 1879 he removed to the village of Waldemar, Wellington county, where he practised for three years. In 1882 he re- moved to Orangeville, where he has re- mained ever since, practising his profession with continuously increasing success. He has taken much interest in the local militia, and is lieutenant in the 36th Battalion, Peel. In 1883, he was appointed gaol surgeon for the County of Dufferin. Dr. Lewis is a member of the Freemason order, Harris lodge, No. 216, of Orangeville, and has held office in the same. He is likewise a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and of the Select Knights, and is surgeon of the same. He married, in 1883, Maggie, daughter of John Aiken, of Orangeville, formerly of Mitchell, and has issue one son. In politics, Dr. Lewis pins his faith to the doctrines of the party led by Sir John A. Macdonald; and he is a member of the Dufferin County Conservative Association. He is much de- voted to out-door exercises, and to manly sports in every form. For dogs and horses he has a special penchant. We may add that he takes an unusual interest in public ques- tions, and many surmise that his ambition points to one of the parliaments. In the field, unquestionably, he would be an able and a popular candidate. Fairbank, John II., Petrolia, M.P. for East Lambton, only child of Asa Fairbank and his wife Mary Oliver, was born in Champlain, Clinton county, State of New York, on the 31st of July, 1831. Our subject is descended from prominent families of early settlers in the State of Massachusetts. Upon his father's side English, and Irish on that of his mother. His grandfather, Major John Fairbank, was a soldier in the American revolution- ary war, and served under General Wash- ington in the Philadelphia campaign. He was likewise with him during the suffer- ings of the winter encampment at Valley Forge. Young Fairbank received his edu- cation in the common schools and the acad- emy at Champlain. In 1853 he came to Canada West, and engaged in railway and other surveys. He married in 1855, Edna, second daughter of Hermanns Crysler, of Niagara Falls, Ontario. In 1861 his busi- ness as a surveyor took him to the oil fields of Enniskillen, where he has since remained, having built the third frame house in Pe- trolia, Ontario, in 1865, where he became connected with important business enter- 606 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF prises, chief of which may be mentioned, his oil operations. He is likewise connected with an extensive hardware business, and private banking. He is president of the Crown Savings and Loan Co., also presi- dent of the Petrolia Oil Exchange, and chief of the Fire department. A man showing ability and energy in his own business is liable to be called upon to assume legislative responsibilities. When in 1882 the Hon. Mr. Mackenzie retired from Lambton, and the county was divided into two ridings, Mr. Fairbank was strongly urged to stand for the East, a riding which Conservatives felt confident of carrying. He accepted, and was returned by a handsome majority. He took his seat in the Dominion parliament with a well-earned reputation for integrity and ability. He is a staunch Liberal, and we have little doubt that there is a period of much usefulness before him in the legis- lative field. Wagner, Very Rev. Janies Theo- dore, Dean of Windsor, Ontario, was born at in Lorraine, on the 13th No- vember, 1837. He pursued his primary studies under the tuition of his own father, Dominic Wagner, who was during a period of forty years one of the most prominent school teachers and music professors in Lor- raine, France. He took his classical course, partly in the college Feue trange, and the far-famed little seminary of Pont-a-Mous- son. He pursued his course of philosophy in the Grand Seminary of Nancy, where he was found in 1856, by the Right Rev. Armand de Charbounel, then bishop of Toronto, and volunteered to come with that prelate to Canada. He set out for America in the same year, and began his theological studies in the Sulpician seminary of Saint Mary's, Baltimore, U.S., which course he afterwards completed at Assump- tion College, Sandwich, Ontario, then un- der the management of the J esuit Fathers. On the 3rd June, 1860, he was ordained priest, by the Right Rev. Adolphe Pinso- nault, then bishop of Sandwich, and was appointed pastor of the mission of Simcoe and Windham that same year, but this charge he resigned in consequence of broken health, after four years of hard labour. After a year's rest at the episcopal resi- dence in Sandwich, he was appointed pastor of the newly erected parish of Windsor, on the 1st of June, 1865. He accompanied Bishop Walsh to Rome, in 1876, in the capacity of secretary to his lordship. On the 7th May, 1877, Father Wagner was created dean of Windsor, by the bishop, in recognition of his services, his zeal, and his fine abilities. Dean Wagner celebrated his silver jubilee, and also the twentieth anniversary of his appointment to the pas- toral charge of St. Alphonsus, of Wind- sor, on the 3rd June, 1885. A lengthy account of this jubilee was published in the Catholic Record ; and the career of the distinguished priest is written with such pathos and grace that we cannot forbear making a quotation. Says the writer :- " On June the 3rd, 1860, after years of pre- paratory study, both in his native land, Lorraine, France, as well as in the land of his adoption, a young, dark-eyed, swarthy man, full of hope and vigour, knelt in the old cathedral church at Sandwich, Ontario, and received ordination to the holy priest- hood from the hands of Bishop Pinsonault, the first bishop of the diocese of London. The young priest, Father Wagner, was at once assigned to a mission near Simcoe, which he ministered to for four years, after which he returned to Sandwich. The following year he was named to the newly organized parish of Windsor, and has been the pastor of St. Alphonsus church ever since, and has seen the congregation grow from a small charge of less than five hun- dred souls, to a prosperous and wealthy parish of about two thousand, with a hand- some and substantial church edifice, a beau- tiful convent and fine select school. Twenty- five years have come and gone since that memorable J une morning, 1860. It is again the month of June, but it is June the 3rd, 1885, and Very Rev Dean Wagner cele- brates his silver jubilee. The gathering was large, for priests and religeuse had come from far and near to do honour and attest their love to one so pious, and so distin- guished. One of the tributes to his worth, and to his career, was a poem written and read by Miss Katrina Ralph, of Ogdens- burgh, N.Y. In replying to the lady su- perioress of the convent, the sisters of that institution, and the young ladies, the Very Rev. dean said among other touching and apt things : ' It is to me, my dear children, a source of infinite gratification to have no- ticed throughout this whole entertainment what a high regard you entertain for the sublime dignity of the priesthood Pre- serve always that spirit of faith ; carry it with you into the world. Look upon your priest as the first man in your parish, for in dignity there is no greater than he. He is above governor and president, king and em- peror. St. Francis said that if he met a priest and an angel, he would salute the CANADIAN B10GBAPHY. 607 priest first, and afterwards the angel, be- cause the priest, he said, was the more dig- nified. What would you do here, my dear young ladies, without the ministry of the priest ? There would be no Holy mass, no sacraments, no Holy communion, no confes- sion, no preaching of the word of God. The result of such a deficiency would be the downfall of this institution ; in less than three months, sisters and pupils alike would be scattered to the four winds.' " Ryan, William, Chatham, Ontario, was born on the 9th October, 1818, in the Niagara district, Canada. He is a son of James Ryan, who was born on the 12th August, 1763, in Orange county, New York state, which state at the time named was a colony of the British crown. In 1787, after the struggle for independence was ended, James Ryan, who was a U. E. loyalist, re- moved to Canada, settling in the Niagara district. He had learned a trade, and in the rapidly-growing Canadian district of his choice his skill was in much demand. Thereafter he purchased a farm of 100 acres, upon which he lived till 1822, dur- ing which he was conjointly occupied as an agriculturist and as crier of the district court in the town of Niagara. He then removed to London township, where he re- sided till 1835, when he took up his abode at Mount Pleasant. He died in 1856. Wil- liam Ryan was educated at London, Ont., but at the age of fourteen he was obliged to set out and earn his own bread. Like his father he was imbued with loyalist senti- ments, and fought on the side of the crown under Colonel Price, in the Upper Canada outbreak of 1837-38. He stood guard at Sandwich on the 4th December, 1838. In 1833, with only five dollars in his pocket, he left his father's house, for Port Stanley. After a time he joined his elder brother at Medina, N. Y., for whom he worked for a brief space. He likewise wrought as farm lad for some months, but this sort of occu- pation did not commend itself to his taste ; and in 1834 he retraced his steps to Canada, and went to his brother-in-law, J. Winer, wholesale druggist, of Hamilton. In the same year he went to Chatham, then worked on Talbot's road for $6 per month and his board ; returned again to Chatham, and after a brief stay bent his steps to Detroit. He had now, through great frugality, accu- mulated some money, and purchasing mer- chandise he did some profitable selling for a time. In Detroit, some time afterwards, we again find him as engineer on the first steam-ferry, the Argo, that plied across the Detroit river ; and in such employment he remained for two years. In 1836 he went on the steamer Cynthia, which ran between Chatham and Detroit, Thomas McRea, mas- ter ; and was afterwards engineer on the steamer Thames. In 1837, he was engineer on the steamer Detroit. On her trip from Detroit to Buffalo this boat had to pass through forty miles of ice, although it was late in the warm season as the 10th of June. When this boat subsequently changed ber route, and began to ply between Chicago and Milwaukee, Wiliam Ryan was also her engineer. In the autumn of that year he returned to Canada, and shouldered his musket, as we have already seen. After the close of the rebellion he opened a gen- eral store at Walkerville ; a little later we find him back again at steamboat engineer- ing, between Chatham and Detroit. In this calling did he occupy himself off and on for the next nine or ten years (1848), when he was obliged, owing to a break- down of his health, to give up the busi- ness. He again invested his savings in merchandise, and continued in trade till 1853. Fortune had been kind to him in his business, and he found himself at the last named year master of a considerable capital. This he began to use in the pur- chase of property and in the erection of buildings, which speculation yielded him a handsome return for his expenditure. His business continued from year to year to grow more profitable, and at last he entered into private banking ; and he stands to-day conspicuous among the foremost of Chat- ham's respected and successful business men. His struggle had been a long and a bitter one, and his career is marked by many ups and downs ; but through it all we see shining out his energy, bis courage, and his capacity. He has nothing for which to thank his "stars," for his fortune is the carving of his own hands. Mr. Ryan mar- ried, on the 20th August, 1844, Lucy Mon- trieul, a lady highly connected in the city of Detroit. There have been, by this union, ten children, the second son assisting his father. The fifth son is studying medicine with Dr. Holmes, of Chatham. Mr. Ryan is a consistent member of the Wesleyan Methodist church. Crawford, Rev. Edward Patrick, M. A., (University College, Toronto), fourth son of the Hon. George Crawford, by his second wife, Caroline Sherwood, was born in Brookville, Ontario, on the 27th of July, 1846. His father, an Irishman, had many years previously settled in Canada, bring- 608 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ing with him from Ireland his first wife, a Miss Brown, of Killishandra, and two sons, who were afterwards well-known and influ- ential men ; the eldest, Lieutenant-Colonel James Crawford, being the representative for Brockville in the first parliament of the Dominion of Canada ; the second son, Hon. John Crawford, having sat in several parlia- ments, on one occasion as the representative of Toronto, defeating Hon. George Brown, and finally being appointed lieutenant- governor of Ontario, which position he held at the time of his death. Besides these two sons, Mr. Crawford had three daughters by his first wife : Anne, who became the wife of Samuel Keefer, C.E. ; Margaret, first wife of the late Hon. John Ross ; and Isa- bella, wife of George Easton, collector of Customs at Brockville. The first Mrs. Crawford died whilst the family were living back of Toronto, where Mr. Crawford first settled. Mr. Crawford afterwards obtained large contracts on the St. Lawrence and Rideau canals, and visiting Brockville, be- came intimate with the family of Adiel Sherwood, an old U. E. loyalist, alterwards sheriff of Leeds and Grenville, whose fourth daughter, Caroline, became his second wife. Eventually, George Crawford settled in Brockville, where he spent the last twenty- five years of his life, and his name is associat- ed with the history of Brockville as its repre- sentative for many years in the Legislature of Upper Canada, as legislative councillor, and finally as Senator of the Dominion. Mr. Crawford had several children by his second wife, six only, however, attained maturity. Edward Patrick was the first child born to Mr. Crawford after he finally settled in his Brockville home, and he is now the oldest surviving son. During the first twelve years of his life, the Rev. E. P. Crawford was educated at home until nine years of age, by a governess in his father's house, and from nine to twelve, at the Brockville Grammar school, under the direction of the late J. G. Dunlop. When twelve years of age, Mr. Crawford entered Upper Canada College, Toronto, through which he passed in three years ; and at sixteen he entered University College, Toronto, graduating in 1866, at the age of twenty. Mr. Crawford was in the midst of his final examinations when the Fenian raid occurred at Fort Erie, and when the news of the fighting at Ridge- way reached him, volunteered to join the University company of the Queen's Own, and was sent to the front on the day of the fight. After graduating from the Univer- sity, he entered the office of Crawford & Crombie, but being the possessor of a fine voice, well cultivated, aud being much sought after on account of his musical tal- ents and other social qualities, he did not pay much attention to the duties of the of- fice, or to his legal studies ; and after a year of idleness his father consented, on the ad- vice of John Crawford, to let him seek a commission in the British army. Mr. Crawford now returned home to Brockville, to prepare for his military examination, and to await the issue of his commission, appli- cation having been made through Lord Monck, then governor-general of Canada. It was whilst thus waiting for a commission in the army, that Mr. Crawford's ideas changed, and his thoughts took a more serious turn. He now became a communi- cant of the Church of England, in which he had been brought up, and took an interest in Sunday-school work in St. Peter's church, Brockville. At length the longing to be- come a minister of Christ became intense. Some friends, noticing the change in his life and conduct, spoke to him on the mat- ter, and he confessed to them what had be- come the darling wish of his heart. His father was speedily informed, and was great- ly pleased with the change. Shortly after this, Mr. Crawford received notice from the Horse Guards that, in consequence of the reductions then being made in the British army, and the large number of officers who would have a first claim for appointments to the different regiments, there was no probability of his obtaining a commission for several years. Having now other views in life, this caused no disappointment to him. After studying for a year with the Rev. F. R. Tane, then rector of St. Peter's, Mr. Crawford was ordained deacon in King- ston, in October, 1869, by the Right Rever- end J. T. Lewis, Bishop of Ontario, and was licensed as second assistant at St. George's Cathedral, Kingston. During the term of his diaconate, Mr. Crawford resided and studied with the Rev. Henry Wilson, then curate at the cathedral. It was during this year spent in Kingston that Mr. Crawford, became acquainted with the family of James A. Henderson, Q.C., and in the spring of 1870, his engagement to Annie Hender- son, the fourth daughter, was announced. Receiving priest'slorders at Prescott, in No- vember, 1870, he was appointed to his first charge, the mission of Hillier and Welling- ton, in the County of Prince Edward. He at once entered upon his work there, living with one of his parishioners until he could put the parsonage in order for his bride. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 609 His marriage to Miss Henderson took place on the 4th of January, 1871, in St. George's Cathedral ; and after a short visit to Montreal and Brockville, he re- turned with his wife to Hillier. His career at Hillier, however, was short, as in the summer of 1871 the parish of Hawkesbury, on the Ottawa river, becoming vacant by the resignation of Rev. Mr. Daniel, the Bishop appointed him to that charge. Although he had only been nine months in Hillier, he and his young wife had greatly endeared themselves to the people, and great were the regrets at their departure. Mr. Crawford's incumbency of Hawkesbury lasted for four years. At first he worked in the parish alone, holding services in Hawkesbury and L'Orignal every Sunday ; and once a month also at Alfred and Plantagenet, sixteen and twenty-three miles distant, respectively. After one year he secured the assistance of the Rev. Arthur Jarvis, who remained with him during the remainder of his incumben- cy. During one summer he had also a sec- ond assistant living with him, the Rev. A. Phillips, afterwards his successor in Hawkes- bury ; and during that summer they held services m nine stations. In the fall of 1874, Mrs. Crawford's health became so poor that Mr. Crawford resolved to take her to Eng- land, and see what benefit she might derive from foreign travel. After a few weeks stay in London, where Mrs. Crawford was treat- ed by a distinguished physician. Mr. Craw- ford accepted a position as locum tenens at a chaplaincy of the Church Colonial and Con- tinental Society at Arcachon, on the Bay of Biscay, in the south-west corner of France. Here they remained for three months, de- riving much benefit in health from the mild and equable climate. Afterwards they made a short tour through Italy, visiting Genoa, Pisa, Rome, Naples, Florence, Venice, and Milan, returning by Paris to London. Whilst at Florence, Mr. Crawford received the first intimation of his probable appoint- ment to the new parish about to be formed in his old home, West Brockville. Hasten- ing homeward, he visited Brockville, and finding that it was the general wish of the people that he should undertake the work, he accepted the appointment, and removed to Brockville in July, 1875. Then began the principal work of his ministerial lite. There was as yet no church, no congrega- tion, no stipend, in fact, nothing. The first service was held on July 4th, in the Town Hall, and shortly after a Sunday-school was organized ; and very soon also a committee appointed and subscriptions solicited for the building of a church. The church was erect- ed during the summer of 1876, and on Trin- ity Sunday, 1877, was opened, under the name of Trinity church, by the Bishop of Ontario. From its inception, this new par- ish has been full of enthusiastic workers ; and under the direction of Mr. Crawford and his energetic wife, it has become one of the most successful and influential parishes in the diocese of Ontario. The esteem and af- fection of the people towards their pastor and his wife are unbounded, and are mani- fested frequently in kindnesses shown to them. In the fall of 1883, Mr. Crawford was asked to become the rector of a new and important parish in Winnipeg, Manitoba, but not wishing to leave his Brockville friends under the heavy debt which then en- cumbered the church, he laid the whole matter before his congregation, when they unanimously asked him to remain with them. Mr. and Mrs. Crawford have never had any children, so that they have both been able to devote their energies to church work. Mr. Crawford was appointed chap- lain to the Bishop of Ontario in May, 1885, in the room of the Rev. Dr. Wilson, who had resigned ; and in the fall of the same year he was appointed by the Right Rev. Edward Sullivan, Bishop of Algoma, his commissary in the Diocese of Ontario, in the place of the late Rev. F. W. Kirkpat- rick. Mr. Crawford has been chairman of the High school board of trustees for eight or nine years. He is a past master Work- man of the A.O.U.W., and is representative for Brockville in the Grand lodge. He is also the first regent of the Brockville Coun- cil of the Royal Arcanum. McDonald, Tilsonburg, Ontario, was born in Banffshire, Scotland, on the 27th of February, 1827. He is a son of John McDonald, and Jane Nicol. John McDonald was a farmer, and had fifteen children, William beimz the eighth of the family. He died in 1865. William re- ceived a careful English education. He left school when in his thirteenth year, and apprenticed himself to the trade of a tailor in Dufftown, Banffshire. When the apprenticeship expired he began to work at his trade, continuing so to do till 1850, when he took ship for Canada. He settled in Hamilton, and remained there until 1852, when he removed to Vienna, in the County of Elgin, and began business for himself as a merchant tailor. The following year he decided to change, and proceeded to Tilson- burg, where he resumed his business, con- tinuing in the same till 1881, when having 610 A CYCLOPEDIA OF acquired a sufficient competence he retired from this business and began farming, in con- nection with a fruit evaporating establish- ment. In this business he is at the present time engaged ; and he has succeeded in establishing a large market for his output in both the upper and lower provinces. In 1860 he was elected school trustee for the township of Durham, Oxford county, and held this position until 1873. In 1861, he was elected to the township council of Durham, and continued in office until 1867, when he retired. He was afterwards elected mayor, and during his term of office a good many public improvements were begun and fin- ished. Mr. McDonald is a Freemason, and is treasurer of King Hiram lodge, No. 78, Tilsonburg. He is a pronounced Reformer, and president of the Reform Association of the South Riding of Oxford. In religion, he professes the Roman catholic faith. He married, on the 25th of January, 1855, Janet, daughter of William Payne, of Kirk- cudbrightshire, Scotland, and has three children ; one of these, John, is a merchant tailor, and the other, William, is a physi- cian and druggist. The third, Charles, is also a physician, and these reside in Mc- Donald's Block, Tilsonburg. Our subject is a man who enjoys a large share of public respect and confidence. Carson, Robert J., a young and successful merchant, of the City of King- ston, was born in that city on the 16th of January, 1849. His parents came to this country from the County of Monoghan, Ireland, about the year 1840, and located at Kingston. His father, Robert Carson, began in the grocery business in that year, and continued in the same up to the time of his death, July 10th, 1870, leaving a large estate. His son, Robert J., succeeded him in the business, which he increased. It is now a large wholesale establishment, carry- ing on large importations, and doing an ex- tensive general business throughout the Province. Mr. Carson, when only twenty - four years of age, was asked by the electors of the Rideau ward, the largest ward in the city, to allow his name to be placed in nom- ination as a candidate for aiderman. He consented, and was elected at the head of the poll. At the council board he took considerable interest in municipal affairs, and was a member of the most important committees, and chairman of the court of revision. He was elected each year con- tinuously for Rideau ward till 1880, when he was asked to offer himself for mayor, and having consented, he was elected by the largest majority ever given to any mayor in the city. Mr. Carson was the youngest mayor that ever sat in the chief magistrate's chair in Kingston, and he performed the duties of his office with credit to himself and satisfaction to the citizens at large. At the end of the year, it was Mr. Carson's intention to retire from the council, but he was not permitted to do so, as he was nominated and elected a member for St. Lawrence ward without his consent. In politics, he is a Reformer ; and in religion an Anglican, and a member of St. George's Cathedral, of Kingston, of which church he is likewise one of the wardens. He was baptised in the Anglican Church, and has been a con- stant attendant of it. His habits are strictly temperate, and his character in all respects is very high. He has no military record, other than he was successful in taking both second and first-class certificates at the Royal Military school at Kingston ; and he holds now a commission in a local regiment, known as the " Bloody First." Mr. Carson is connected with several important enter- prises, and is a stockholder in a number of factories. He married at Newburgh, on the 5th of October, 1881, Emma Lavenia, the only daughter of W. H. Casey, a des- cendant of one of the U. E. loyalists, by whom he has two children, one son and a daughter. Dupuis, Nathan Fellowes, M.A., F.B.S.E., F.R.S.C., Professor of Mathe- matics in Queen's College and University, at Kingston, was born at Portland, Ontario, in 1836, his father being Joseph Dupuis, who came to this country when a lad. His mother, Eleanor Baker, the daughter of a U. E. loyalist, was born in Halifax. Pro- fessor Dupuis received as thorough an edu- cation as the schools of his young days were capable of bestowing. From fourteen to eighteen years of his age he worked at the mechanical business of clock and watch- making, but gave up this employment, ow- ing to the evil effects that it was working upon his health ; and at nineteen he be- gan teaching and study. In due time he matriculated at Queen's College, Kingston, graduating therefrom with honours in math- ematics and natural science. He was ap- pointed to the chair of Chemistry in 1867, and transferred to the chair of mathematics in 1880, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the retirement of the former incumbent. He married, in 1860, Amelia Ann McGin- nis, born at Watertown, N.Y., and who is descended from an Irish family which settled in New York State three generations ago. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 611 large number of children then wandering at large in our streets, and preparing for lives of sin and crime. He visited New York and Massachusetts, and investigated the working of the industrial schools in those states; and, on returning, prepared a minute report, which was adopted by the board. As a result of his labours, the old House of Ref- uge and six acres of land were secured for the purpose of making an experiment in To- ronto. Complications, however, afterwards arising, prevented his scheme being carried out. While on the board he was also in- strumental in procuring a standing commit- tee on printing and supplies, and in having steps taken for the formation of a free pub- lic library, which has since become an ac- complished fact. In 1879 Mr. McMurrich was a candidate for aldermanic honours in St. Patrick's ward, and received the largest majority ever given to a councillor in this city. He at once took a leading part in civic affairs, and was appointed chairman of the court of revision. During that year the Marquis of Lome and Princess Louise vis- ited the city, and Mr. McMurrich very suc- cessfully discharged the duties of chairman of the reception committee. The following year he was returned by acclamation, and received the highest offices in the gift of the council, namely, that of representative of the city on the Northern Railway board of directors, and of chairman of the execu- tive committee. While in the council he devoted considerable attention to the ' ' local improvement " system, which has been ad- vocated for years by the city press, and in furtherance of the project visited a number of Amercian cities where the system is in vogue. He made several reports to the council on the subject, and that body ulti- mately adopted a scheme which is giving every satisfaction. The next year, 1881, he was a candidate for the position of chief magistrate of the city, and defeated Mr. Close by a majority of 1,160 votes. His re- cord during the first year of his administra- tion proved him to be one of the best mayors Toronto has had. As mayor he drew up a manual of the City of Toronto, entirely his own work, which was a consolidation of the Beaty and Mowat by-laws, and a number of amendments. The financial affairs of the city by this arrangement were placed upon such a basis that the city cannot be defraud- ed except by collusion of the corporation of- ficials from the mayor downward. The com- mittee of the council to whom the matter was referred thanked the mayor for the la- bour which he had taken upon himself in MeMurricli, William Barclay, M.A., Toronto, was born at the city just named, on the 1st of November, 1842. He is the eldest son of the late Hon. John Mc- Murrich and Janet Dickson. His father came from Renfrewshire, and his mother from Lanarkshire, in Scotland. The Mc- Murrichs are a branch of the clan Chattan, and formerly the bards of the clans, trans- mitting the traditions from generation to generation. John McMurrich engaged in business for a time in Glasgow, and came to this country in 1835. His mercantile and political career is well known. He es- tablished three mercantile houses-one at Hamilton, one at Kingston, and one at Toront®-but he was mainly known by his long connection with the Toronto house, of which he remained a partner until his death, on the 13th February, 1883.. Wil- liam Barclay McMurrich is named after the Rev. Dr. Barclay, who was pastor of the old St. Andrew's church, then situated on Adelaide street. His early education was obtained at the Grammar school, at the corner of Jarvis and Richmond streets, and at Knox Academy, situated on the present site of the Queen's Hotel. Sub- sequently he studied in the Upper Canada College, where he showed many marks of proficiency, and afterwards matriculated at Toronto University. He applied himself to the study of the natural sciences, and was gold medallist in 1863 ; and four years later obtained his M.A. degree. Mr. McMurrich then studied law in John Leys' office, and was called to the bar in 1866 ; after which he entered into a partnership with Mr. Leys for the practice of law, which partnership continued until 1873, when the firm of Mc- Murrich, Howard & Drayton, of which he is the head, was formed. The latter have since retired, the firm now being McMurrich & Urquhart. In 1868 Mr. McMurrich first sought the public confidence of his fellow- citizens, and was elected as public school trustee for St. Andrew's ward, which posi- tion he held for nearly eight years, (being twice elected by acclamation and twice after contests), and on resigning was appointed solicitor to the board, which office he still holds. While a public school trustee, besides acting on other committees, he was chairman of the sites and building commit- tee. In 1872, as chairman of the school board reception committee, he obtained much credit for the successful arrangements made in connection with Lord Dufferin's visit to the public schools. As a trustee he took an active interes t in providing education for the 612 A CYCLOPEDIA OF preparing the draft of the consolidated by- law, and placing it before them in printed form. Mr. McMurrich has also been the means of inaugurating the system of depos- its by con<ractors doing work for the city, the non-fulfilment of their contracts entail- ing a forfeiture of the amounts deposited. As a reward the citizens returned him by acclamation to fill the civic chair for a sec- ond term. Mr. McMurrich has also filled other positions of trust in the gift of his fel- low-citizens. In St. Andrew's Society, after serving as secretary, he was raised to the presidency, a position which he occupied for two years. He is also a member of several other societies and orders of a benevolent character. It is only just likewise to say that the success of the Semi-Centennial celebration of the City of Toronto was largely if not almost entirely due to the enthusiasm and active interest of Mr. Mc- Murrich. After the arrival of Lord Lome in Canada, there was a gathering of the Ca- nadian Scottish societies to do honour to the son of the head of the clan Campbell, and to the Princess Louise ; and Mr. McMurrich was elected grand secretary of the union. He had the honour on this occasion of pre- senting the governor-general with a sprig of myrtle, the emblem of the clan Camp- bell. Mr. McMurrich is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is an elder of Knox church. He was one of those who as- sisted in the formation of the West Church Sabbath-school, and was connected with it for over twenty years, having been super- intendent for many years, succeeding his father upon his resignation of the position. He is now superintendent of the Knox church Sabbath-school. For many years he has been commissioner to the Presbyterian General Assembly, and filled positions on important committees. He married, in 1866, Miss Dewar, a daughter of the late Mr. Plummer Dewar, of " Chedoke," Hamilton. In politics he is an independent Liberal. At the last general election, Mr. McMurrich contested West Toronto in his party's in- terest against James Beaty, Q.C., but was defeated, the vote standing 2,714 against 2,283. As a speaker, Mr. McMurrich is fluent, clear and forcible ; and there is a grace about his way of stating a point that is not prevalent enough among our public speakers. It is a very safe piece of prophecy to put Mr. William Barclay McMurrich down as a coming man. He joined the Queen's Own at the time of the Trent affair, and was a member of the company then known as the Victoria Rifles, under Captain Orde. He remained a member of that company for three years. He also passed through the Military school in Toronto, and attended the camp of cadets at Laprairie in 1864. . He is now a captain of the Toronto Garrison Battery of Artillery, having been gazetted to the command in June, 1884. He was called out for active service on the 5th of April, 1885, and was stationed at the new fort, Toronto, being commandant for the time being of the force quartered there. He was relieved from duty on the 22nd June. Perry, John Ham, Whitby, County Registrar of Ontario, was born on the 26th of April, 1827, Ernesttown, Lennox county, Ontario, and is a son of Peter Perry and Mary Ham. The Perry and the Ham fam- ilies left their properties on the Hudson river, N.Y., at the time of the American war (1776), and settled at Ernesttown, fifteen miles west of Kingston, and then an un- broken wilderness. Consequently his grand- parents on both sides are U. E. loyalists, and he has in his possession a $7 contin- ental currency bill brought over from the States by his grandfather, Robert Perry, in 1776. Peter Perry, his father, repre- sented Lennox and Addington with Mar- shall S. Bidwell, from 1828 to 1836. In 1836, he moved with his family to Whitby. He was provincial representative for the 3rd Riding of York, from 1849 to the time of his death, on the 24th of August, 1851. Peter Perry was first cousin to Commodore O. S. Perry, of Lake Erie fame. After the war of 1812, Commodore Perry visited Robert Perry at his house in Ernesttown. The following estimate of the character of Peter Perry lies before us. In private, as well as in public, he lived an eminently useful life, being kind to the poor and a friend to everybody. His generosity was sometimes imposed upon, but he pre- ferred to 11 err on virtue's side," rather than stop to enquire into the actual merits and demerits of every applicant's claim for aid. He held connection with no church, but was a liberal supporter of the gospel and of ben- evolent institutions. lu short, his life was spent for the benefit of his neighbours, his constituents and his country, and he knew not what it was to tire in such noble work. John H. Perry received his education at the public schools and by private tuition. He was a lieutenant', in olden times, when the annual drill consisted of calling the roll, and treating the company, on the 20th of June in each year. In 1861 and 1862, the period of the Trent affair, he raised and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 613 drilled a company at his own expense for three months, and then resigned. He was appointed registrar of Ontario county in October, 1853, and there are now but four provincial registrars longer in office than himself. Mr. Perry was the original pro- moter of the Whitby Railway, connecting with the Georgian Bay. He obtained the first charter in the spring of 1853, personally attending the house at Quebec for two months. Out of this scheme grew the Whitby and Lindsay Railway now in opera- tion. He is an Oddfellow, having joined the order in November, 1871. He is a past grand master, past grand patriarch, and past grand representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge. In municipal politics he has been councillor, reeve, mayor and county war- den ; and was in municipal office for a period of sixteen consecutive years, and was then with many other government officials legis- lated out (1867) by the disqualifying clauses against registrars, etc. Mr. Perry had much to do with putting into shape many import- ant amendments to the municipal law, all of which are now in force. He has travelled widely on this continent, both in the Do- minion and through the States, from 1845 to date ; and he has made a wide range of observation by his travels. In 1857, he made a trip to England, Scotland, Ireland, France and Belgium. In religion he is devotedly attached to the Church of Eng- land. Mr. Perry married on the 1st of June, 1852, Jane Margaret Hall, of Quebec. Her father was cabin-boy on the ship that carried Napoleon from England to St. He- lena. Our subject moved to, and settled in Whitby, in 1836, being then nine years of age, and there he has since remained. He went early with his father into mercan- tile and produce business ; and at the death .of his father, in 1851, wound up the exten- sive estate. Harty, William, Kingston, was born on the 8th March, 1847, in the township of Biddulph, County of Middlesex. He is a son of John Harty and Elizabeth Heenan, both natives of the County of Tipperary, and pioneers in the township of Biddulph. Wil- liam Harty received his primary education at the Christian Brothers' school at Kingston, and completed his studies at Regiopolis Col- lege of the same city, when that institution was under the presidency of the late Rev. Father Stafford of Lindsay, Ontario, and the Right Rev. Dr. O'Brien, Bishop of Kingston. Mr. Harty has always been an active mem- ber of the Board of Trade of Kingston since he joined it in 1870. He was president of the board during the years 1873 and 1874, and a delegate to the Dominion Board of Trade during the same years. He attended the summer session of the latter board when held in August, 1874, in St. John, N. B., to consider the basis of the Reciprocity treaty negotiated by the Hon. George Brown with the United States Commission appointed for that purpose. He was a partner in the wholesale grocery firm of James Harty & Co. for a time ; and upon the death of the senior member, in November, 1868, he suc- ceeded to the complete control of the busi- ness, and carried on the same alone until January, 1878, when he retired, selling out to his brother-in-law, C. Bermingham. Mr. Harty was a director of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway, and a member of the executive committee of the board from the date of its re-organization in January, 1875, until 1879. when he retired. In politics, too, Mr. Harty has taken an active part. He has been a member of the Reform As- ociation since 1872 ; was president of that body during the years J.879, 1880 and 1881, and upon his retirement was elected an honorary president, which position he still holds. In January, 1879, he was elected an aiderman to represent Sydenham ward in the city council; was re-elected in 1880 by acclamation, but retired in 1881. He was presented with a requisition in 1885 from the ratepayers of the same ward ask- ing that he would represent them again ; and acceding to the request, he was elect- ed at the head of the poll, and for 1886 he has been re-elected by acclamation. In religion Mr. Harty is a Roman catholic, having been born in that faith. He mar- ried, on the 4th October, 1870, Catherine Mary, daughter of James Bermingham, of Ottawa. His family by this union com- prises two sons and one daughter, whose ages respectively are eleven, seven and four years. Mr. Harty took an active in- terest in organizing the company who are at present owners of the Canadian Locomotive and Engine Works ; and since the date of the purchase, April 2nd, 1881, he has been managing director of that popular and im- portant business. Representative Canadians are not those who make politics a trade, and by discreditable means scale their way into political power ; but they are the substantial men, the fruits of whose enterprise and splendid business gifts remain for the profit of the community. Very fully we think, then, does the gentleman who forms the subject of this sketch answer to our defini- tion of Representative Canadian. 614 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Gardiner, Samuel Fleming, Chat- ham, Ontario, was born on December 25th, A.D., 1839, in the township of Mosa, County of Middlesex, within a mile of Gardiner's mills, on the river Thames. His father, James Gardiner, was one of the pioneer settlers in that part of the country, which was familiarly known as the Fleming settle- ment, and was born of Irish parentage, in Putnam county, New York state. His mother was Rebecca Fleming, and was born in the township of Aldboro', on the banks of the river Thames, her parents being Irish, with some German blood in their veins. S. F. Gardiner's boyhood was spent mostly in attending school, and to that per- nicious practice of sending young children to badly ventilated school-rooms, he attributes a want of proper muscular development, resulting in a delicate state of health that took many years to overcome. When about fifteen years of age he began to alternate from school life to working upon his father's farm and about the mills, adapting himself to these varied employments, and becoming an adept in them all. In 1858, after such pre- paration as the common school afforded, he was sent to Victoria College, Cobourg ; but owing to circumstances over which he had no control in 1859, he was obliged to forego the intended college course, and give atten- tion to the business about his father's mills, and taking charge of the post-office in the village of Cashmere. In the fall of 1860, he left his home, with a view of studying civil engineering in Chatham ; but not being able to make suitable arrangements he proceeded to Detroit, Michigan, with the determination of obtaining a commercial training, and in order to accomplish this it became necessary for him to work in a large shoe store during the day, and study in the evenings in Bryant, Stratton and Goldsmith's Commercial Col- lege. After a short time, disliking the shoe business, he accepted a situation as shipping clerk in a large wholesale tobacco es- tablishment. But this did not suit his tastes, and he soon procured a more congenial posi- tion as an assistant book-keeper, in a flour and grain commission house. He was soon promoted to the position of head book- keeper, where he remained for three years, during which time his commercial college studies were pursued, until the course was well nigh completed. Having been offered a much more lucrative and responsible posi- tion as book-keeper in the extensive ship- ping and lumber business conducted by Fowler, Merick & Esselslyn, he accepted this and remained for four years with that firm, until his health began to fail. In the winter of 1867, he started for a trip south for his health, visiting Chicago, St. Louis, Memphis, Vicksburg, New Orleans, Mobile, Atlanta, Augusta, Wilmington, Richmond, Baltimore, Wash- ington, Philadelphia and Buffalo. Returning home, he led a quiet life until October, 1867, when he and his brother, W. E. Gardiner, embarked in the banking and ex- change business in Chatham. In June, 1868, Mr. Gardiner married Mary Jane, daughter of Thos. Holmes, of Chatham. In 1869, he dissolved partnership with his brother, and carried on the banking and exchange business alone, until 1881, when he was appointed manager of the Chatham Loan Savings Co., which position he now holds. From his earliest recollections, he has been identified with the temperance cause. In the fall of 1868, he was the sub- ject of deep religious impressions, which resulted in conversion, and in his joining the Methodist church. He was soon appointed class-leader, trustee and superintendent of the Sunday school ; but the latter position he found imposed too great a strain upon his health, and he declined the appointment after three years term ; but he still continues his connection as a teacher in the Sabbath school. In politics, he has been a life-long Reformer, though not partisan enough to take a very active part further than to ex- ercise the franchise on all occasions. During his life in Chatham, he has been actively connected with several church building en- terprises. Brown, Adam, Hamilton, was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 3rd April, 1826. He is a son of William Brown, of Milntown, Langholm, Dumfriesshire, his mother being Elizabeth Johnston, of Berwickshire. The family emigrated in 1833, and settled in Montreal. Mr. Brown in his earliest years attended the celebrated school in Edinburgh taught by Mr. Adams, the author of "Adams' Grammar." In Montreal he attended the school conduct- ed by the Rev. Edward Black, D. D., the well-known minister of St. Paul's Church. He left school at the age of fourteen, and entered the establishment of A. Laurie & Co., dry-goods merchants, of Montreal. After a few years service there he entered the employment of Robert Camp- bell, but soon afterwards was successful in obtaining a position as junior clerk in the firm of Gillespie, Moffatt & Co., of Montreal. He was advanced from one position to an- other in the house, during the seven years CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 615 that he was in their employ. Donald Mc- Innes (now Senator Mclnnes), offered Mr. Brown a position of responsibility in his firm in Hamilton, which he accepted, and left Montreal in the winter of 1850 for Hamilton. After spending some time with D. Mclnnes & Co., the late W. P. McLaren offered him a position in his wholesale gro- cery house, which he accepted. Soon after he was admitted as a partner, and continued in the firm until Mr. McLaren retired, when he became the principal of the firm of Brown, Gillespie & Co., who succeeded W. P. McLaren & Co. ; and has continued the business under different partnerships since, being now the head of Brown, Balfour & Co. Mr. Brown was connected with the Mercantile Library Association of Mont- real, and at the time of his leaving that city was vice-president; and carried with him to his new home a letter of commendation from that association. He was one of the original founders in Montreal of the Athemeum Club, a debating society which counted among its members many young men who have since been in parliament, and some who have be- come ministers of the crown, and others now occupying very high positions at Ot- tawa. While yet a young man, Mr. Brown took an active part in the debates ; and in 1848 he delivered the inaugural address as president. The society had rooms in what is now Nordheimer's Hall, Great St. James street, Montreal, and on public nights the large hall used to be crowded. It was in connection with this society that Mr. Brown first tested his powers as a public speaker. To the strength and readiness gained by taking part in its debates, are no doubt due the fluent and polished qualities which mark his public speeches. When a young man, he received a commission as en- sign in the militia regiment of which the late Hon. George Moffatt was colonel. On his arrival in Hamilton, he was exchanged to the Hamilton battalion, and subsequently retired with the rank of major. He has never been connected with the active militia. With respect to Mr. Brown's public offices, it may be said that he has been secretary and president of the Board of Trade ; was president of the Dominion Board of Trade ; and the year previous to his election as pres- ident, moved the resolution approving the national policy, which was carried. He was commissioner and chairman of water works ; and presented the address to the Prince of Wales when His Royal Highness turned the water on to the city. He has likewise been president of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce Railway. Mr. Brown was president of the Northern and Pacific Junction Railway, connecting Ontario with the Canadian Pacific Railway, until the same was leased to the Northern and Northwest- ern Railway. He is now a director of the Northern and Pacific Junction road, and was on the first train which ran over the road, on the 28th of January, 1886, connect- ing Ontario with the Pacific Ocean. He likewise is a director of the Great North- Western Telegraph Company ; is a trustee for the bondholders of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce Railway ; was vice-president of the St. Andrew's Society; and chief of the Caledonian Society ; and has lent a helping hand to many a Scotchman arriving in dis- tress. He was appointed vice-consul for the kingdom of Hawaii in 1884. In politics Mr. Brown is a staunch Conservative. He ran for Hamilton for the Local Legislature. He was elected president of the Conservative Association, and still continues his connec- tion with that organization. He was origin- ally a Presbyterian, but for the last thirty years has been a member of the Church of England. He has been a delegate to the diocesan and provincial synods ever since both were organized. Mr. Brown was mar- ried, in 1852, to Maria Z. Evatt, second daughter of the late Captain Evatt. His second marriage was in 1862, to Mary Kough, eldest daughter of the late Thomas Harley Kough, of Shrewsbury, England. There are four sons living by the first mar- riage, and three sons and two daughters by the second marriage. Mr. Brown is a ready, careful, comprehensive, and exceedingly ef- fective speaker. His speech in advocacy of the national policy before the Dominion Board of Trade was an exceedingly able deliver- ance, and attracted considerable attention, and was published in pamphlet form. His oratorical ability was further shown in his inaugural address when he be- came president of the Dominion Board of Trade. In 1878 he addressed the great Con- servative Convention at Shaftesbury Hall, Toronto, and his speech was regarded as one of the most exhaustive and telling utter- ances on that important occasion. It will be remembered that at the commencement of the American civil war, the American government prohibited the export of live hogs, which embargo would have the effect of killing the packing trade at Hamilton. Mr. Brown was dispatched to Washington to confer with the authorities there, with a view to rescinding the order ; and with such force and tact did he present the case, that 616 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the decree was cancelled. In 1865, Mr. Brown visited England, and was the first merchant who introduced Canadian cheese, as Canadian, into the British market. It had been sent there before, but under State of New York names. The trade has since grown to gigantic proportions. In 1882 he, in company with a number of gentlemen from the United Kingdom, visited the North-West, and his notes of travel were published. His enthusiasm for the develop- ment of that country, and his opinion of its great future, are well known through his public utterances. Ever since his arrival in Hamilton, Mr. Brown's manifold ac- tivities have been felt in all the public en- terprises in which the city was concerned. With the devotion of enthusiasm, he has come to the front whenever and wherever the city's interests were to be served. When the project of constructing the Wellington, Grey and Bruce Railway was revived in 1866, Mr. Brown was, as we have seen, elected president of the company. For four years his time was almost exclusively de- voted to the promotion of the project. These were probably the four years of the hardest work of Mr. Brown's life, and the result of his labours was the most valuable service to the city and the country served by these railways. This is not the place to give even a sketch of the novel contest between To- ronto and Hamilton, which ended in the construction of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce Railway. It will serve the purpose in hand to say that for its construction it was necessary to obtain bonuses from the municipalities along the line of route from Guelph to Southampton, and that every by- law for that purpose was fiercely opposed by Toronto, which desired bonuses from the same municipalities for her own line. Mr. Brown gathered around him a band of men in Hamilton, and throughout the districts affected, whom he inspired with his own enthusiasm, and who felt unbounded confi- dence in his leadership. Mr. Thomas White, now the honourable the minister of the In- terior, united with Mr. Brown in the fierce battle of the gauges, and roused the people by his magnetic eloquence and convincing addresses. Every side line was penetrated by canvassers, and in every school-house meet- ings were held at which the subject was dis- cussed. The result of the long contest was that all the bonuses necessary for the con- struction of the road were voted, and more than the most sanguine hopes of its promot- ers at first were finally realized. A large and fertile territory was opened up to rail- way communication, and the commercial po sition of the City of Hamilton was saved from disaster. It is not awarding too much credit to Mr. Brown, to say that it is mainly to the confidence with which he inspired the people of the counties interested, and the ability with which he conducted the cam- paign, that this result is due. Though the fight with the Toronto men was keen, and in its details sometimes bitter, it left no rank- ling feeling of animosity behind. Each side recognized that its opponents were engaged in a perfectly legitimate contest from their own point of view. With all the cares of a large business to engross his attention, Mr. Brown has always found time to interest himself in whatever was for the good, not only of Hamilton, but of the Dominion. He took an active interest in organizing the Hamilton Coffee Tavern Company, of which he is president. Mr. Brown is a gentleman of the most genial manners, full of good hu- mour, and free from all affectation. His com- panionship is much prized by all who are admitted to its privileges. Macdonell, George, Cornwall, was born in 1824, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, and is a son of Angus Macdonell and Ann Stewart, both natives of the above county. There were twelve sons born to this worthy couple, and George was the youngest. The family came to Canada in 1827, George then being about three years of age, and settled in the township of Kenyon, in the County of Glengarry, where Angus Macdonell took up lands. Here he erected a homestead, which he occupied until his death, which took place in 1847. George Macdonell attended the township school, and afterwards that at the village of Alexandria, in Glengarry. About the date of his leaving school (1843), the Beauharnois Canal was being construct- ed, and he received the appointment of timekeeper, and afterwards that of foreman on these works. After the completion of this canal Mr. Macdonell managed a store at Athol for A. F. Macdonald, where he continued for three years, acquiring in that period a considerable knowledge of mer- cantile life. He subsequently purchased the business, and carried it on for himself, and in addition went into the manufacture of pearl ash, saw-milling, lumber dealing and farming. These various branches he successfully 6perated until 1866, when he sold out, and then moved to the Glen farm, in Williamstown. Here he resided until 1868, when he removed to Cornwall. Here he commenced business as a general mer- chant, and he soon built up a large and CANADIAN BIO GRAPH Y. 617 prosperous establishment, which he still conducts. Mr. Macdonell always took a deep interest in municipal matters wher- ever he resided. He was elected reeve of the township of Roxborough, which office he held for twelve successive years ; and he was appointed warden of the united counties of Dundas, Stormont and Glen- garry, by acclamation, in 1860. When he retired from that position, he still con- tinued a member of the county council, up to the close of 1869. In his earlier career, he was a supporter of the Hon. John Sand- field Macdonald, but he subsequently allied himself more particularly with the Conser- vative party. In the troubles of 1837 and 1838, Mr. Macdonell served in the Kenyon battalion of militia, and has a vivid recollection of those stirring times He has always continued his interest in military matters, having been successively lieutenant, captain and major ; and he suc- ceeded in the lieutenant-colonelcy to the late J. Sandfield Macdonald, of the Corn- wall militia, which rank he now holds. He is also associated with the Rifle Association of Cornwall, of which he is now president. Mr. Macdonell has been married twice ; first on April 8th, 1861, to Ellen, daughter of Col- onel James Macdonald, of Williamstown, Glengarry, by whom he had two sons and one daughter. After the death of his first wife, he married Mrs. C. M. Mulhern, who is still living. The eldest son is engaged with his father in mercantile pursuits, and the younger is attending school. While in business at Athol in 1862, Mr. Macdonell was appointed postmaster of that place, and held the office until 1866, when he resigned on relinquishing his other business there. In December, 1870, he was appointed post- master at Cornwall, and still holds that responsible position. Mr. Macdonell is a Roman catholic, and as usual with members of that communion, has not changed his views much on religious subjects. He is president of the St. Andrew's Society of Cornwall, and is held in the highest esteem by his fellow citizens. He was, during the lifetime of the late J. Sandfield Macdonald, the latter's intimate friend and trusted con- fidant. Endowed with a good physique, he is still a splendid specimen of the Scotch Canadian, and bids fair to Iiavc many years of usefulness still before hii™ Slianly, Walter, Montreal, M.P. for South Grenville, was born at the family seat, "The Abbey," Stradbally, Queen's county, Ireland, and is son of the late James Shanly, a member of the Irish bar, who emigrated to Canada about the time of the rebellion, and settled in the County of Middlesex, On- tario. The Shanly family is a very old and prominent one in the annals of Leitrim, and it is distinctively Celtic. Walter Shanly was educated by private tuition, and when his studies were sufficiently advanced, he began to prepare himself for the profession of civil engineering. From 1843 to 1858 he was resident engineer under the Board of Works on the Beauharnois and Wel- land canals; was engineer of the Ottawa and Prescott Railway from 1851 to 1854 ; was engineer of the Western Division of the Grand Trunk Railway, from Toronto to Sarnia, from 1851 to 1857 ; engineer of the Ottawa and French River surveys from 1856 to 1858, and general manager of the Grand Trunk Railway from 1858 to 1862. He has been, and is still, connected with divers large enterprises in presidential and directorial capacities. The greatest achieve- ment of his professional career was the con- struction of the Hoosac Mountain Tunnel, Massachusetts, in which important enter- prise he was assisted by his brother, the late Francis Shanly, a gentleman who shared the abilities of the family. Mr. Shanly's first connection with public life was in 1863, when he entered the old parliament of Can- ada for South Grenville constituency, which he continued to represent until 1872. In 1885 he was again elected, and by acclam- ation, to the House of Commons for South Grenville. Mr. Shanly has always support- ed the Conservative party, but has not al- lowed himself to be contaminated by the party bigotry of the time, though true as steel to his own principles. Smith, Charles Merrill, M.D., M.C., M.C.P.S., Orangeville, was born in South Dumfries, County of Brant, Ontario, on the 18th of January, 1818. He is a son of the Rev. William Smith, a Baptist minister and also a medical practitioner, who died at Brookholm, in the County of Grey, in the year 1884. Charles Merrill Smith received his early educational training in St. George public school, and afterwards entered Tor- onto University. Here he distinguished himself by industry and much brilliancy. He entered the Toronto School of Medi- cine in 1866, and graduated therefrom in 1870, and was awarded silver medal for general proficiency. Having completed his studies, he began practice at Owen Sound, where he continued till his removal to Orangeville in 1879. At the latter place he has since remained ; and the kindliness of his manners, and his repute as a thoroughly 618 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF competent physician, have so far acted in his behalf, that he is now prosperously estab- lished. The promise that he displayed as a student, it is not flattery to say, has been well borne out in the practical tests of his life. Dr. Smith is a P.G. in the Canadian order of Oddfellows, and is past master in the A .0. U. W., No. 156, Orangeville. In re- ligion he adheres to the Baptist faith. In 1873 he married Sarah E., daughter of Joel Edmunds, of the township of Holland, in the County of Grey. Skinner, Janies Atchison, Hamil- ton, ex-M.P., Lieutenant-Colonel com- manding 13th Battalion of V. M., is a native of the Royal burgh of Tain, Ross- shire, Scotland, was born there on the 26th October, 1826. He is a son of Hugh Ross Skinner and Mary Fraser McPherson, both of whom came to Canada in 1861. His lather died at Hamilton in 1865, and his mother, now in her 86th year, resides in Winnipeg, with her youngest daughter, the wife of the Rev. Dr. John M. King, princi- pal of the Presbyterian college, Manitoba. Hugh Ross Skinner was a saddler, to which trade he served a seven years' apprentice- ship, on the expiry of which he went to London, where he resided for several years. On his return to the Highlands, being born freeman of the burgh, he began business on his own account, and shortly afterwards established a branch in Sutherlandshire, at that time there being no one of his trade in that county. He continued in business un- til his removal to Canada. He had the honour of being appointed saddler and har- ness maker to her Majesty the Queen, and for many years supplied what was required for the home farm at Windsor. James A. Skinner was educated at the Tain Royal academy and afterwards at the Grammar school, where the usual English branches as well as the rudiments of Latin and Greek were taught. He came to Canada in 1843 having been nearly three months on board ship. He stayed with his uncle, Col. Alex. McPherson of Whitby, until the fall of that year, when he obtained employment in the wholesale dry goods firm of Kennedy, Parker & Co. of Hamilton, with whom he remained until 1850, when in connection with his younger brother, the late Andrew Fraser Skinner, he commenced business as importers and wholesale dealers in earthen- ware, &c. This business he still carries on under the management of one of his sons who was taken into partnership after the death of his uncle. The business done for many years was confined to the western peninsula ; but it grew with the country until now the customers of James A. Skinner & Co. are to be found all over the Dominion from one ocean to the other ; and the house has the honour of being the pioneer of its particular branch of trade in Manitoba, the North-West territories, and British Columbia. On the first organiza- tion of the volunteer force in 1855, Mr. Skinner joined No. 2 company, Hamilton, as a private, and remained in connection with the same until the formation of a Highland company, in 1856, to which he was appointed ensign. This company was subsequently disbanded. On the occurrence of the Trent affair he raised a new company cf 65 men, to which he was gazetted captain, his brother being next in command. This company was clothed in full Highland dress at Capt. Skin- ner's own expense. Being on class B, and consequently receiving no pay, he, on the visit of the Prince of Wales to Hamilton, turned out more men for duty during the three days, than the other two companies combined, although under pay. He re- mained in command of the Highland com- pany until the formation of the 13th battal- ion in 1862, to which he was appointed senior major, the late Hon. Isaac Buchanan being lieutenant-colonel. In 1863 he com- manded the battalion at Brantford, where General Napier reviewed a force of 1,000 regulars, 2,300 volunteers and about 200 Indians. In 1866 Major Skinner was present with the battalion at the engage- ment with the Fenians at Limeridge, Col. Booker being in command, he having been gazetted vice Col. Buchanan, retired. Shortly after meeting the enemy, the Queen's Own being in front, Maj >r Skin- ner was ordered to advance with the right wing of the 13th and relieve skirmish- ers, which he did ; and when the bugle sounded the retire he was engaged with the enemy, having taken possession of the bar- ricades which they had put up, and in the orchard in front, the Fenians having retired to the bush beyond. On reaching the place where the main body had formed square, it was found to have entirely disappeared. Major Skinner found several wounded men on the road, and had them placed on doors and carried to the village of Ridgeway, where he learned that the main body of the troops had tak&i the road for Port Colborne. He remained for about an hour in the village caring for the wounded, and then with about sixty men took the road for the port, at which he arrived about 6 o'clock. On the following day he received orders to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 619 take command of the 13th battalion, and re- main in Port Colborne to guard the canal, which very arduous duty lasted for three weeks. Shortly after the return of the regi- ment to Hamilton, Major Skinner was gazetted lieutenant-colonel. In the fall of the same year he commanded the battalion at the Thorold camp, Col. Woolsey being brigadier. In 1870 he went into camp with the battalion at Grimbsy. In 1872 he com- manded the 2nd brigade in camp at Niagara, and in 1874 he again commanded the brigade camp at Niagara. On the visit of the Prin- cess Louise to Toronto he was present with his battalion, and commanded one of the brigades at the review. He was also pres- ent with the Highland company at the in- auguration of Brock's monument. Having always taken the greatest interest in the education of the volunteers in the use of the rifle, he attended the first meeting held in Toronto to organize the Ontario Rifle Asso- ciation, and for many years acted in an official capacity at its matches. He likewise attended with a team of twelve men at the first Dominion rifle match held at Laprairie, where he was placed in command of the corps on duty during the meeting. In 1870, at the request of the Ontario Rifle Associa- tion, he undertook to organize a team of riflemen, and also to find the money requis- ite for the passage of the men to Wimble- don and return, and for their subsistence while there. This he succeeded in doing after about six months hard work, having had to travel the length and breadth of On- tario three times in search of the men and money. He took twenty-one men to Wim- bledon, and being the first team that ap- peared there from any colony, it drew great attention to Canada, and did much good. Seeing what could be accomplished by pri- vate enterprise, the Dominion government have since then annually sent a team repre- senting all the provinces, and paid its ex- penses. In 1874 Col. Skinner was elected to represent the riding of South Oxford in the Dominion parliament, and again in 1878; but was defeated at the last general elections in 1882. In 1845 he assisted to organize the Highland Society of Hamilton and Canada West, holding charter from the Highland Society of London. He has filled the offices of secretary and president, and also that of president of the Highland Society of Embro; he has also been vice-president of the On- tario Rifle Association, and member of the council of the Dominion Rifle Association. In 1852 he acted as secretary of an organi- zation, got up with a view to securing a half holiday on Saturdays for men employed in wholesale warehouses, which eventually succeeded in its object. Col. Skinner was born a Presbyterian, and still worships with that denomination; and whatever change his religious views may have undergone no one but himself knows. He married on the 24th July, 1849, Agnes Johnston, a native of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and second daugh- ter of Robert Johnston, of Annandale. There was a family of six sons and two daughters ; five sons still live, two of whom graduated at the Royal Military college and are now in the Imperial service, Frederick St. Duthus being lieutenant in the 2nd battalion Royal Sussex regiment ; and Thomas Carlyle, lieutenant in the Royal en- gineers. The other three are in business in this country. Being fond of country life, in 1862 Col. Skinner purchased the former residence of John G. Vansittart, a beauti- ful spot on the south bank of the Thames, three miles west of Woodstock, which he named Dunelg, and here he has resided ever since. Marling, Alexander, LL.B., Secretary of the Provincial Education department for Ontario, Toronto, was born at Ebley, Gloucestershire, England, on the 11th April, 1832. He is the youngest son of the late John F. Marling, who, like his father and four brothers, was a cloth manufacturer, and for many years conducted the mills at Ebley, which were continued after his emigration by the firm of his younger brother, the late Sir Samuel Marling, bart., M. P. (Liberal) for West Gloucestershire. Mr. Marling was an able man of business and took an active part in the religious, ph lanthropic and political movements in his neighborhood. He came to Canada in 1842, with his wife (the daughter of Malcolm McFarlane, of Inverness, and afterwards of Stroud), and their family, consisting of a daughter, de- ceased in 1848, and five sons. Of these the eldest, is the provincial manager of the Canada Life Assurance Company, for Que- bec ; the second, the pastor of a Presby- terian congregation in New York ; the third is a resident of Chicago ; and the fourth was for several years a High school master, after a brilliant university career, and afterwards held the position of High school inspector till his death, in 1882. Their father died in Toronto, on the 4th November, 1869 ; their mother still survives. Alexander Marling, with his brother Arthur, was edu- cated at Upper Canada College, and was then placed for five years in a mercantile house in Toronto. In 1854 he entered the 620 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Education department, under Dr. Ryerson, and in 1858 succeeded Thomas Hodgins as chief clerk. He was entered, after exami- nation, as a student and member of the Law Society, but his official duties did not allow his advance to the bar. He, however, proceeded to the degree of LL.B, in the University of Toronto. Mr. Marling joined the volunteer force at the time of the Trent affair, and was for some years a member of the Victoria rifles, and of the Queen's Own regiment from the formation of the bat- talion. He also passed through the military school under H. M. 47th regiment, and re- ceived the second class or captain's certifi- cate. On the appointment of the Hon. Adam Crooks as first minister of Education, Mr. Marling was commissioned as secretary of the department, in the work of which he had gained a long and practical experience. He is editor of the Canada Educational Year Book-a neat and skilful compilation of information respecting the educational sys- tem and personnel in each province of the Dominion, and we understand that he in- tends to continue the periodical publication of this excellent volume. He is a member of the Anglican church and synod, and an advocate of efficient religious instruction so far as it can be practically introduced, whether in private, public or Sunday schools. In 1859 he married Julia, daughter of the late H. Hewlett, and has three surviving children. He was left a widower in 1878. Cassils, William, Montreal, was born at Denny, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on the 25th of June, 1832, being the eldest son of John Cassils and Margaret Murray. The family removed in 1835 to Renton, a vil- lage in the vale of Leven, Dumbartonshire, where his boyhood was spent, and where in the parochial school he was educated in such branches as were then taught in that institu- tion. Having relatives in Canada who urged that he should proceed thither, he sailed from Glasgow in the barque Euclid on April 5th, 1851, arriving at Quebec in the first week of May. On reaching Montreal a couple of days later, and hearing that a young man was wanted to learn operating in the office of the Montreal Telegraph Company, he ap- plied for the situation and was accepted. The company was then in its infancy ; it owned a single line extending along the high- way from Toronto to Quebec, and had four- teen offices in all, between these two points. In November, 1853, Mr. Cassils took charge of the Quebec office, and three years later, the company having acquired the lines of the British American Telegraph Co., was appointed eastern divisional superintendent. On the 11th June, 1856, he married Agnes Simpson, daughter of the late William Hossack of Quebec. Resigning the position of telegraph superintendent in November, 1866, Mr. Cassils removed to Montreal, be- coming a member of a commercial firm, from which he retired ten years later. While a resident of Quebec Mr. Cassels commanded the esteem of a wide circle of acquaintances, and in addition to active participation in church and charitable work, was chosen secretary-treasurer of the board of Protestant School Commissioners of that city, which position he held during several years. Shortly after retiring from the wholesale trade in Montreal, he became president of the Canada Central Railway Co., which position he retained for three or four years, until 1881,when the line became part of the Canadian Pacific Railway Com- pany's system. His careful and methodical habits of business becoming known, his ser- vices were in request by other public com- panies. He subsequently became Receiver of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Railway Company, and now occupies the presidency of the following : the Dominion Transport Company, limited ; (the cartage agents of the Canadian Pacific railway company) the Canadian District Telegraph Company, lim- ited ; and of the Electro-Mechanical Clock Company, limited. He is also, we believe, vice-president of the British American Ranche company, limited : and director of the Montreal Herald printing and publish- ing company, limited. By no means least in importance of the positions held by Mr. Cassils in connection with public companies is his directorship in the Montreal Telegraph Company, which has 1680 offices and 30,000 miles of wire scattered over Ontario, Que- bec and New Brunswick, as well as over large parts of Vermont and New York and touching Michigan. His fifteen years of experience in the early days of telegraphy, form an interesting chapter in his life. Thirty-three years ago, before the time of submarine cables, the wires were stretched across the St. Lawrence, near Montreal ; in summer, masts 210 feet high being set on either shore, while in winter they were strung on poles stuck in the ice. There were but fourteen offices in the five hundred miles between Quebec and Toronto, and telegram from the latter city to Montreal cost 3s. 9d. currency. The modes of trans- mission, such as the Bain and the House systems, as well as the more successful Morse system, had not then passed the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. experimental stage, while the instruments were clumsy, and measured by the pro- gress of to-day, ineffective and slow. Having been a practical telegrapher, how- ever, " in the day of small things," electri- cally considered, and having watched the development of the science to its present marvelous stage, the experience and tech- nical knowledge of the man we are describ- ing proves of decided service in his capacity of director to-day. " To be a well-favoured man is the gift of fortune," says the clown in the play, words which are hardly less absurd than the rest of the sentence, " but readin' and writin' comes by natur." A man's pleasant looks are far more a mat- ter of disposition, surroundings and descent, than of chance. In temperament as well as in appearance Mr. Cassils is perceptibly a debtor to his parents, who were both good looking ; the father being fine-featured and athletic, the mother (who still survives) fresh and douce. Both were of the spirited, sterling, God-fearing people of whom Scot- land has furnished so many to this and other lands. Their sons and daughters, eight in number, are all in Canada ; the five sons are among the respected business men of Montreal, and several of them besides the eldest, whom we are describing, have attained positions of responsibility and prominence in that great city. To be called " a popular man" is sometimes an ambigu- ous compliment. In Mr. Cassils' case, the popularity enjoyed is founded rather upon integrity, geniality and quiet discernment than upon more showy but less admirable qualities. Greet, Thomas Youngr, Manager of the Federal Bank of Canada, Kingston, On- tario, was born at Guelph, on the 10th of February, 1846. His father, Richard Greet, belonged to an old Kentish family, the male representatives of which have for generations back figured numerously in the British navy. He came to Canada in 1835, but went back to England after a short stay. He returned to Canada, however, in 1839, and settled on a farm near Guelph. He married Mary, daughter of the late Thomas Sandilands, of Guelph, merchant, and agent of the Gore Bank. Thomas Young Greet was the third child born of this marriage. He was educated at the common schools and at the district Grammar school in Guelph, and in 1860 entered the service of the old Gore Bank under his grandfather, Mr. Sandilands. In 1867 he, with his un- cle, George W. Sandilands, at present man- ager of the Central Bank, Guelph, left the 621 service of the Gore Bank and joined the Ca- nadian Bank of Commerce, the Guelph branch of which was opened by them on the 2nd January, 1868. In 1870 Mr. Greet was called to the head office of the bank in To- ronto, and in July of the same year he was sent to open a branch of the bank in Orangeville, a village at that time just com- ing into prominent notice on account of the building of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway. He remained there as manager of the Bank of Commerce until December, 1874, when he resigned the position, and re- turned to his native town to open a branch of the Federal Bank of Canada. He suc- cessfully managed this branch until 1880, when he was moved to the Kingston branch, where he is still. He was made a Mason in 1868, in Speed lodge, Guelph, and after- wards affiliated with Harris lodge, Orancre- ville, of which he was elected W. M. in 1873. At the time of writing he is first vice-presi- dent of the Kingston St. George's Society. Mr. Greet is a member of the Church of England. In 1877 he married Helena Em- Uy, daughter of Josias Bray, of Himilton, who was at that time residing in Walkerton, Ontario. O'Brien, Michael Edward, Pres- cott, was born in the town of Perth, County of Lanark, on 10th July, 1849. He is a son of William O'Brien and Susan Devlin, the former being born in the County of Wex- ford, Ireland. He came with his father and family to Canada in 1821, and settled in the County of Lanark. He was a shoemaker by trade, and for many years carried on an ex- tensive boot and shoe business in the town of Perth. He is still living. Susan Devlin was the daughter of Michael Devlin, a farmer in the township of Drummond, County of Lanark. She died in March, 1855. M. E. O'Brien was educated at the separate school, in Perth, and completed his studies in Re- giopolis college, Kingston. In November 17th, 1869, he entered the legal profession, and studied with Morris and Raddenhurst, in Perth, and afterwards in the office of John Bun, in Toronto. He was admitted to practice in Michaelmas term, 1874. He went to Prescott in June, 1875, and suc- ceeded Fraser & Moorey, and has since re- mained in Prescott. In politics, Mr. O'Brien is a Liberal, and he has been president of the South Grenville Reform Association for the past five years. Mr. O'Brien married, on the 18th April, 1877, Annie Eliza, second daughter of Michael Flanagan, the present city clerk of Kingston, Ont. There are three boys by this union. A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 622 ments and state papers upon which the con- clusions in the report were founded. In 1875 Mr. Mills was elected by the public school inspectors of the province as their representative on the Board of Public In- struction. Not long after, the school law was amended, and the board abolished. Upon the appointment of the Hon. D. Laird to the governorship of the North-West ter- ritories, Mr. Mills was offered by Mr. Mac- kenzie a seat in his government, and the de- partment of the Interior, which he accepted. Mr. Mills held the office until October, 1878 -a period of two years-when he resigned with the ministry. After the fall of the Mackenzie administration, Mr. Mills con- cluded to engage in the practice of law, for which he had read many years before. He entered as a student-at-law in the books of the Law Society, and after taking the exam- inations as time permitted, was called to the bar. He has during the past two years been engaged in practice. He has also, since 1882, been the chief editorial writer upon the London daily Advertiser. In politics Mr. Mills is an advanced Liberal. He favoured the union of the provinces, but was wholly opposed to the means by which it was brought about. He denied that an ordinary parlia- ment is morally competent to make changes in the constitution altering the relations of the people to parliament without the sanc- tion of the country being first obtained. It is, he holds, only by such an appeal that the people can be secure in their liber- ties against the intrigues of unscrupulous and ambitions men. Mr. Mills has always favoured such an amendment of the consti- tution as would secure to each province the appointment of its own judiciary. He did not favour the admission of British Colum- bia into the Canadian confederacy at the time it was admitted ; for he thought it was not for the interest of either that such a union should exist, while there was such an immense extent of country still between un- inhabited. He believed that the re- sources of the country could be better em- ployed in developing the North-West than in building a transcontinental road which would always be without transcontinental traffic, and for a great part of the distance without local traffic for many years to come. He regarded such a railway as going but a short way in opening up the North-West to settlement, and as entailing burdens alto- gether outweighing any advantage which it could confer. Mr. Mills holds that the ad- vantage which a railway system can confer, depends upon the benefits it bestows upon Mills, Hon. David, LL.B., Palmyra, M.P. for Bothwell, and ex-Minister of the Interior for Canada, and son of Nathaniel Mills, was born in the township of Ox- ford, in the County of Kent, Ontario, on the 18th March, 1831. His father was a native of New York state, having been born near New York city 1791 ; and his mother was Mary Guggerty, of Coote Hill, County Cavan, Ireland, she being the sec- ond wife of Nathaniel Mills. The first wife was Rebecca, daughter of Captain Harrison, of Upper Maccan, Cumberland county, Nova Scotia. In 1833 the family removed to Nova Scotia, where Mr. Mills' father remained until 1817, when along with many others of his acquaintance he emigrated to the western part of Upper Canada, and became a resident of Talbot street, in the township of Orford, in 1819, where he continued to reside until his death in I860. Mr. Mills attended the public school near by, after which he had as a pri- vate tutor a well-known author and scholar, the Rev. Dr. Frey. He subsequently be- came a student at the Michigan University, and received from that institution the degree of LL. B. In 1856 Mr. Mills was appointed superintendent of schools for the county of Kent, which office he held for nine years. In 1867 he received the unanimous nomina- tion of the Reform electors of Bothwell as their candidate for election to the House of Commons, and was returned to parliament in September of that year. He has repre- sented Bothwell continuously since that period. In 1872 he was requested by the government of Ontario to enquire into and report upon the boundaries of Ontario. This task he was asked, to undertake as it was known that he had given much attention to the colonial history of North America. This work Mr. Mills undertook, and he made a report to the government in December of the same year. The report then made con- tains a large quantity of valuable informa- tion relating to colonial history and Imperial policy in reference to the government of the British dominions in North America. Mr. Mills informed the government that his in- vestigations had not exhausted the subject, and further enquiry should be had in Lon- don and Paris. Further enquiry was had, and after arbitration was agreed upon, Mr. Mowat again invited Mr. Mills to make fur- ther enquiry, and to prepare a second re- port. This was done in 1875 and the early part of 1876, and a second report made con- taining the results of a more extended en- quiry, and references to the various docu- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 623 the producer. The shortest lines must generally be the cheapest and the best, where there is no monopoly. The lower the freights the higher the value of land, and the greater the stimulus to agriculture. The North-West should have been open to competition so long as government did not own the road. It is not the direction that traffic takes about which the settlers and those who represent them need be con- cerned, and in his opinion a wiser railway policy would have secured to the country by this time 150,000 more people than are now to be found in our territories. Mr. Mills has always been opposed to a nomin- ated senate. A nominated legislative body, he contends, ought to have no place in our system of government. Such a chamber represents nobody, is without any sense of responsibility, and must become a refuge of political partizans too devoted to the min- istry to retain the confidence of the people. He favours an amendment of the constitu- tion so as to provide for the election of sen- ators. He holds that the bill for the redis- tribution of seats in 1882, and the franchise bill of 1885, are at variance with the funda- mental principles of representative govern- ment ; that the principles involved, and the motives which impelled the promoters of these measures are on a level with the po- litical aims of those South American and Mexican chiefs, who make the retention of power the principal end and aim of all their official actions. These measures, he con- tends, originated in the violation of public duty, and in the betrayal of public trusts and must be repealed, and proper guarantees taken against the recurrence of similar abuses. Mr. Mills, likewise, holds to the economic doctrines of Gladstone and Bright. He admits that customs duties are neces- sary, in order to the production of revenue; but he holds that respect must be had to a sound system of finance in their imposition, so that the people may not be compelled to pay a large amount of tax which the gov- ernment does not receive. He is in favor, he claims, of a real, not a sham national policy ; a national policy which will develop a national spirit, and national aspirations. He favours a national policy based upon principles of commercial extension, not of commercial exclusion. He thinks Canada ought to make, regulate and control her commercial relations with foreign states. He is opposed to handing over the work of legislation to the ministry as, he affirms, is now done at Ottawa, He is opposed to the practice of abdicating the duty of effective supervision over the national expenditures. He does not regard a large public debt as a national blessing. He thinks that care and economy in the expenditure of public money, and a desire to do what is honest and fair on the part of representatives ; that habits of self-reliance, personal inde- pendence, and a sense of justice, stronger than allegiance to party on the part of the people, of immeasurably greater conse- quence in promoting the honor and pros- perity of Canada, than the antiquated nos- trums of some of our politicians, who, he points out, propose to increase the wealth of the people and to invite immigration, by high taxes, an enormous public debt, a reckless public expenditure, and costly public works, built in uninhabited and uninhabitable regions. As minister of the Interior Mr. Mills was most capable ; and there is no man in public life in Canada to-day who has a wider and more accurate knowledge of affairs in the territories than he. He is one of the ablest parliamentary debaters in the country, and we have no public man who can excel him in the mast- ery and presentation of a large question. About him there is nothing superficial, or anything designed for the purpose of "flash" or show ; but he deals with impor- tant questions only after the most careful consideration, and nearly always in a calm and judicial spirit. There are occasions, however, upon which he allows himself to grow exasperated, and then his remarks are very severe. When parliament at a late session was discussing the question of gen- eral suffrage, Mr. Mills enquired of the prime minister whether he intended ex- tending the vote to Miserable Man, Little Pine and the rest implicated in the late North-West murders; and when Sir John jauntily replied " Yes, and Strike-him-on- the-back will also be included," Mr. Mills with singular felicity exclaimed, "Yes; so that they will be able to go from a scalping party to the polls." But although the Hon. David Mills is one of the formid- able oppositionists, he has not, we believe, an enemy upon the floor of the house. He is a man whom an administration to which he is opposed will have need to regard as " dangerous ;" and whenever he rises in his place in parliament he gets the prompt at- tention of the house. Whether his oppon- ents differ from him or not, they nearly always receive his declarations with respect. In short there is nothing trivial about the character of Mr. Mills ; but a pervading seriousness, and a manifest sense of respon- 624 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF sibility, neither of which qualities the mere political trickster can successfully assume. Mr. Mills is the author of a pamphlet on the "Present and Future Prospects of Canada" (1860), and " The Blunders of the Dominion Government in connection with the North- West Territory " (1871). He married in December, 1860, Miss M. J. Brown of Chatham, by whom there is issue, three sons ami four daughters ; one of the daughters being dead. McCarthy, Dalton, Toronto, Q.C., M.P. for North Simcoe, Ontario, was born at Oakley Park, near Dublin, Ireland, on the 10th October, 1836. His father was a solic- itor of Dublin, and his grandfather was Bucknell Henry McCarthy, also a member of the Irish bar. Our subject comes of an ancient Irish family. He was educated at Rev. Mr. Harnman's school at Blackrock ; at Rev. Mr. Flynn's school, Dublin ; and at the Barrie Grammar school. When very young he emigrated to Canada, whitherto so many had about this time turned their faces. Having completed his education, he entered upon the study of law, a profession for which he seemed fitted by hereditary in- stinct, as well as by a peculiar qualification. We are told that he was a painstaking student, and that his diligence and sound- headedness might be taken as auguries of a successful future in his chosen profession. He was called to the bar of Upper Canada at Hilary term, in 1859. At once he began to distinguish himself, and soon took a creditable position among his brother mem- bers of the bar. He obtained the repute of being a diligent advocate, with whom the affairs of the client were above all other considerations, and as a consequence he soon found himself in possession of a hand- some practice. But valuable as the quali- ties of diligence and faithfulness were, he obtained the repute of legal brilliancy, and it was impossible to observe his manner of conducting a case without predicting a large success for him. He knew the art of inter- esting juries, and then of getting them to his way of thinking. This was as much due to a knowledge of human nature, which is the quality above all others in a pleader, as to his almost rare eloquence. In De- cember, 1872, he was appointed a Queen's counsellor, and he is likewise a bencher of the Law Society of Ontario. In the years 1872-74, he made his first attempt to get into parliament, and contested the seat for North Simcoe ; but he was unsuccessful. On December 14th, 1876, however, his am- bition was realized, and he was elected for Cardwell. In the meantime the people of North Simcoe had begun to regret that they neglected to elect for their riding the man who made such a respectable figure in the House of Commons, and as the general elec- tion of 1878 drew near they intimated to him that if he would put himself once again at their disposal the result would be more satis- factory. He did so. This was the "cam- paign " during which Sir John and those who had suggested the national policy to him cried out in scorn that Sir Richard Cart- wright and his political confreres were self- confessed flies upon the wheel. It was the time during which the factory doors were closed and machinery lay still and rusting in every manufacturing town in Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald, taking the ideas and suggestions of his prompters, went abroad pointing to the thousands of workingmen who went through the country asking for bread : to the hundreds upon hundreds who were every week fleeing away from Canada to find employment in the work- shops of the United States. Dalton Mc- Carthy raised his voice among the rest, and declared that if his party were returned to power they would frame a policy that would give our own skill and muscle em- ployment, that would develop our latent wealth, and produce ample revenue with- out bearing harshly by taxation upon the people. There is no need of repeating that the country took the Conservatives at their word, and put them in power. Mr. McCarthy, as usual, was a valuable, industrious and a leading member in the House. His opinions upon important ques- tions were always received with marked re- spect and consideration, and he always had the gift of putting them in a tolerant and reasonable way. Some have been led so to admire Mr. McCarthy's brilliancy that they predict for him the successorship to Sir John A. Macdonald. That such a day may come for him the writer does not think im- possible or undesirable either ; but mean- while everything in its proper time. Mr. McCarthy married, in October, 1867, Emma Catherine, daughter of Edmund G. Lally, of Barrie, Ontario. She died ; and he mar- ied again in July, 1873, Agnes Elizabeth, relict of Richard B. Bernard. Mr. McCarthy was president of the Agricultural Society of the North Riding of Simcoe, and he is now president of the West Riding Agricultural Society. He has also been the president, since the formation in 1873, of the Liberal- Conservative Association of the North Rid- ing of Simcoe. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, White, Solomon, Windsor, M. P.P. for North Essex, Ontario, was born in the county which he now represents in the Pro- vincial Assembly, and is the eldest son of Joseph White, of the township of Anderdon, by Angelique, daughter of the late Captain Pierre Fortier, formerly of Quebec. Solo- mon White was educated in the schools of his native county ; studied law, and was called to the bar of Ontario in Michaelmas term, 1865, and then entered upon the practice of his profession in partnership with the Hon. John O'Connor, now the Hon. Mr. Justice O'Connor. In 1867 he married Mary L. Drew, of Detroit, U. S. In November, 1868, he purchased the Claire House vineyards at Cooksville, and carried on the business of vine-growing and wine- making, under the corporate name of the Canada Vine Growers' Association, until the latter part of 1876, when he sold out to the present proprietors. He was an unsuc- cessful candidate for Peel, in December, 1873, but in 1878 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, for North Essex. He declined the nomination for the House of Commons for Peel in 187 4, and got the nomination of the same constituency for the Legislative Assembly in January, 1875 ; but this he also declined. In May, 1878 he was nominated again for Pee], for the local House, but once more declined the honour. At the general election of 1879 he was elected for North Essex to the Ontario Assembly, and was re-elected at the last general election. In politics Mr. White is a Liberal-Conservative, and the same great energy and industry that have characteris- ed his business career likewise mark his po- litical course, and place him among the most influential, useful and able members of the legislature. He takes great interest, we may add, in short-horn cattle, importing and breeding extensively. He has in his herd the Wild-Eyes, Kirklevingtons,Craggs, Red Rose, Constance, Lady Sales, Princess, Rose of Sharon (Abe Renick's), and other high-bred families. He has also engaged in the breeding of trotting horses and other thoroughbred stock. His farm is about three miles from Windsor, down the river. It comprises about six hundred acres, and has a charming location on the Detroit river. Upon this beautiful property Mr. White resides during the summer months. Upon the farm stand several superb barns, and there is an extensive vineyard now in bearing. The land not hitherto used by Mr. White, he has laid off into several small farms, on which he has located vignerons 625 from France, who cultivate the same. But what he has ultimately in view is the en- largement of his vine-growing and wine- making operations, which business has lat- terly proved so successful and so profitable. Mr. White has been elected president of the Agricultural Society of the riding for 1886 ; and he is likewise president of the Windsor Land Improvement Company. In all movements having for their object the furtherance of the interests of the town or the county he is always one of the most active spirits. In 1883 he travelled as far west as the Rocky Mountains, through our Canadian territories, and visited the most important ranches and places of interest in that region. Mr. White resided at Cooks- ville, in the County of Peel, for ten years, or during the period of his ownership of the vineyards there ; but he has since lived in Essex county. Very early in life Mr. White entered mercantile life, but this call- ing he soon abandoned to study law ; and since his return from Cooksville, in 1878, he has closely devoted himself to his practice, and has been engaged in all the noted civil and criminal trials held since in the county. Indeed he has defended all the principal cases, among which were the two murder trials of Greenwood and Harding. It will also be rembered that he was assigned by Judge Burton to defend Luke Phipps, who was tried on the charge of murdering his wife. Altogether his professional career has been very brilliant and successful. He is a Roman catholic, but liberal-minded enough to admit that all religious denomin- ations accomplish good. Matthews, Wilbur C., Toronto, was born in the township of Vaughan, Ontario, in July, 1846. He remained at home on the farm until nineteen, and was obliged to be content with such educational advantages as the district school of that day afforded. After leaving home he attended for a term at the commercial college of Toronto ; and on the completion of his studies obtained a position in the Registrar's department at Ot- tawa, where he remained for two years ; but finding, however, no chance for promotion here, he left the service, and took a position as copying clerk in the Toronto office of Dun, Wiman & Co. After a short appren- ticeship, he was sent by the firm to their branch at Albany, N. Y., and after two yeans steady, hard work as clerk and travel- ler there, the firm offered him the position of manager of the Memphis, Tennesse, office. This offer he accepted, and after five years labour, he left it in a flourishing 626 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF condition. Mr. Matthews was married in Memphis in October, 1883 ; and in the fol- lowing April was appointed manager of the Toronto office, with Hamilton as a branch. On leaving Memphis he was presented with an address signed by the entire wholesale trade, bankers and city officials, accom- panied by a handsome gold watch. Since taking charge in Toronto in May, 1884, two additional branches have been opened, one in Winnipeg, and one in London, and the entire business has been more than doubled. Mr. Matthews takes afi active part in all athletic sports. He was mainly instru- mental in getting up the Toronto Athletic Grounds Co., of which he has been presi- dent since it started, and he is a member of the Granite Curling Rink, and an officer of the Toronto Lacrosse Club. Mr. Mat- thews is considered an active and pushing member of society, and is well liked by his fellow-citizens for his genial manners and obliging ways. Dolierty, William Burton, LL.B., B.C.L., St. Thomas, Ont., was born in London, Ont., on the 29th of October, 1854. He is a son of William and Margaret Doh- erty, the maiden name of his mother being Burton. Mr. Doherty was in the employ of the Grand Trunk Railway for a time, as track superintendent. He had a family of two children, William Burton being the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Doherty still reside in St. Thomas. The parents came from the County Monaghan, Ireland, about the year 1845, and settled in Kingston, afterwards removing to London. In 1865 they went to St. Thomas. William Burton Doherty, the subject of this sketch, was educated at the St. Thomas Grammar school, and in 1872 commenced the study of law. He is said to have been a very diligent student ; and in 1876 he was called to the bar and began to practice his profession at St. Thomas. He brought into the field two essentials to success, a sound knowledge of the theory of the law, and plenty of energy. He very speedily obtained a repute for professional ability and for carefulness ; and his practice exhibited a steady growth. He was for several years in partnership with John Farley, but he is now alone, and his office is in the building known as Oddfellows' Block. In 1880 he received from the University of Toronto the degree of LL.B., and that of B.C.L. from the University of Trinity Col- lege in 1884. In politics, Mr. Doherty is a strict and energetic Conservative, having a very strong admiration for Sir John A. Mac- donald. In educational affairs he takes a hearty interest, and was for several years a member of the educational board in St. Thomas. He is a prominent member of the Masonic order, having held the offices of master of St. Mark's lodge, No, 44, for two years, and Master of Nineveh council of select masters. He is also grand officer of the Grand Council of Canada, and a Knight Templar. In religion he is an ad- herent of the Church of England. Mr. Doherty married, in 1877, Louisa, eldest daughter of the late David Parish, and at one time mayor of St. Thomas. The issue of this marriage is two children. Metcalfe, James Henry, Kingston, was born at the City of Kingston, on the 8th January, 1848, and is a son of John Met- calfe, of Bainbridge, Yorkshire, England, by Gladys Bridget Mathews, of Dorsetshire, England. J. H. Metcalfe was educated at the Kingston public schools and the Colle- giate institute. He held the position of head master in two of the public schools at Kingston for several years, and conducted the night-school classes for the public school board of the same city for twelve years. He sat in the city council of Kingston for a number of years as aiderman for Frontenac ward. He is a member of the I.O.O.F., and has taken considerable interest in the affairs of that society. He was elected to represent Kingston in the Ontario legislature at the general election in June, 1879, and again in February, 1883. In politics he is, and has always been, a true-blue Conservative. Mr. Metcalfe visited England during the sum- mer of 1879, and during the past four years he has travelled extensively through our North-West territories. In religion be has always been an adherent of the Church of Englatid. He married at Kingston, on the 5th August, 1869, Margaret Jane, second daugh- ter of Fraser Clute, late of South Freder- icksburgh. On the occasion of severing his connection with the teaching profession, the teachers of the public schools of Kingston conveyed an expression of their esteem and good will by presenting Mr. Metcalfe with a silver tea service and an illuminated address. Mr. Metcalfe has lived in Kingston all his life except the summer seasons of the last few years, which he spent in the North-West territory. He conducted business as an auctioneer in Kingston for two years, 1880 and 1881, and in the North-West territories during the summer seasons for the four years following. Mr. Metcalfe is a man of almost boundless energy and enterprise, as the simple record which we have given plainly shows. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 627 Colquhoun, William, Cornwall, was born on December 23rd, 1814, at Charlotte- burgh, within four miles of Cornwall, Ont. He is a son of Robert Colquhoun, and a grandson of Walter Colquhoun, proprie- tor of Calico Print Works, on the banks of Kelvin river, Gilmour Hill, Glasgow. Robert, his father came to New York city in 1801, where he entered mercantile life. In 1803 he left New York, and came to Canada, settling in Cornwall, where he com- menced business as a general merchant. A few years afterward he moved to the Indian reservation on the front of Charlotteburg, in the County of Glengarry, where he car- ried on a mercantile business and extensive farming operations. He also acted in the capacity of Indian agent. He continued to reside here until his death, which occurred in 1828. Robert Colquhoun married Eliza- beth, a daughter of JohnMcNairn, a native of Galloway, Scotland, who moved to Penn- sylvania, on the banks of the Susquehana. After the revolutionary war, in which he served as sergeant in the British forces, Mr. McNairn was obliged to leave his property, and like many other loyalists came to Can- ada, settling near Cornwall. Here the mother of our subject first saw the light, and she is said to have been the first female white child born in the settlement. She died in 1873, in her eighty-ninth year. The issue of this marriage was four sons and two daughters, William being the third son. He received his early education at the Corn- wall Grammar school, conducted by the Rev. Mr. Leith, under whom he received both an English and classical education. When he was thirteen, he left home for Montreal, and entered mercantile pursuits. He afterwards commenced business for him- self at Dickinson's Landing, Ontario ; and in 1841 he was appointed the first post- master of that place -the post offices being then under Imperial control-and this posi- tion he retained until 1863, when he re- tired, having served a period of twenty-two years. His general mercantile business he continued until 1876, when he removed to Cornwall. When the Ontario Municipal Act became law, Mr. Colquhoun became the first treasurer of the township of Osna- bruck, which position he held until elect- ed to the council in 1852. He was elected warden of the united counties of Stor- mont, Dundas and Glengarry, in 1855, hav- ing previously served as reeve for his own township. In 1863 he was a candidate for the parliament of Canada, but in conse- quence of the too brief space of time for canvass, he was unsuccessful. In 1867 Mr. Colquhoun was returned for the County of Stormont, for the first legislature of Ontario, as a supporter of the Sandfield Macdonald administration. In 1871 he was elected again for this constituency over the late James Bethune, Q.C. His majority how- ever, was narrow, and in consequence was contested, this being the first protest under the controverted election act. A compro- mise was finally agreed upon, each party paying his own costs, and a new election was ordered. This took place in 1872, when Mr. Bethune was returned by a majority of thirty-four. Mr. Colquhoun tried conclu- sions with Mr. Bethune again in 1875, as no other person could be found to do so ; but he was again unsuccessful. In 1878 Mr. Colquhoun was elected president of the Con- servative Association of the Electoral Div- ision of Cornwall, which position he held for some time. After coming to Cornwall, Mr. Colquhoun took an interest in munici- pal politics, and in 1879 was elected to the council. He filled the mayor's chair in 1881, 1882 and 1883, each year being re- turned by acclamation. Mr. Colquhoun has erected some of the finest buildings in Cornwall, both commercial and otherwise ; and he is unquestionably one of its most enterprising spirits in the community. He has visited Great Britain and the continent, and, of course, the "greater portion of our own country and the United States. He married in 1852, Hester, daughter of Mar- tin Bailey, of Massachusetts, U.S., whose mother came of U. E. loyalist stock. There is a family of nine children, four of whom are living, one son and three daugh- ters. Mr Colquhoun was appointed J.P. over a quarter of a century ago. In his case the office was anything but a sinecure, the American border being so near, and fur- nishing important and at the same time difficult cases for adj udication. Gilmour, Allan, Sr., City of Ottawa, was born on the 23rd of August, 1816, in the parish of Shotts, Lanarkshire, Scotland. His father was a farmer, and the family con- sisted of five children, Allan being an only son. Of the sisters one is dead, and the others still live near the place where they were born. The father died at the ripe age of ninety-three, and the mother in her sixty- fifth year. Allan received a common country school education, taking one year at Glasgow, with which to conclude his course. Allan Gilmour had an uncle named Allan Gilmour, after whom our subject was named, and it is meet that we should have something to 628 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF say about his career. This uncle was brought up to the trade of a house carpenter, but the occupation did not fit itself to his taste or his ambition, and he formed a partner- ship with two young men of his neighbour- hood, John and Arthur Pollok, by name. These possessed some capital, and together they commenced business as lumber mer- chants, in Glasgow, under the firm name of " Pollok, Gilmour & Co." They soon added to their lumber operations the ship- ping business connected with that trade, establishing branches of their house in Que- bec, Montreal, Miramichi and other points. They built many ships at Quebec, and gra- dually added to their fleet till they became one of the largest sailing-ship owners in the world. The Miramichi business was com- menced about 1820, under the conjoint man- agement of James Gilmour, (an uncle also of our subject, and a brother to Mr. Gil- mour of the Glasgow house), and Alexander Rankin, the firm being known as Gilmour, Rankin & Co. Both of these gentlemen have been long since dead. The Quebec business was commenced in 1828, and was known as that of " Allan Gilmour & Co.,' under the management of Allan Gilmour, nephew of Mr. Gilmour of the Glasgow firm, and cousin of the subject of this sketch. In 1830 the manager was joined by his two brothers, John and David, as assistants ; and these two gentlemen after- wards, in 1840, became partners in the business when their elder brother, Allan, left to take the place of his and our subject's uncle, in the Glasgow firm. This uncle re- tired in order to become a landed proprietor in Renfrewshire. He died not long after- wards, leaving his estate of "Eaglesham" to a nephew of the same name, he having elected, like the subject of this sketch, to live a bachelor's life. The Montreal firm, we may say, was established at the same time as that of Quebec, under the manage- ment of William Ritchie, a nephew of Mr. Gilmour of the Glasgow firm. This house was known as "William Ritchie & Co.," and it carried on for many years a whole- sale dry goods and grocery business, besides supplying parties engaged in the manufac- ture of square timber on the Ottawa river and its tributaries. To this firm was Allan Gilmour, the subject of this memoir, sent but with his cousin James, in 1832, the first year of the dread cholera period. The two young men entered the house as clerks, and remained in such capacity with it till 1840, when Mr. Ritchie retired from the business, and they assumed the management, the firm changing its name to that of " Gilmour & Co." An agency was then established at Bytown (the present city of Ottawa), that place being the centre of lumber operations in the Ottawa region, the object being to procure timber and sawn lumber from that region for the Quebec market. The particu- lar duty of Allan Gilmour was to personally superintend the operations ; and to this end he paid occasional visits from Montreal to Bytown, and to the forests where the busi- ness was being carried on. In 1853 he took up a permanent residence in Bytown, the Montreal business having subsequently been reduced to the position of an agency, upon the retirement of James Gilmour, and so continued for a number of years, when it was closed. Besides the square-timber busi- ness carried on by the firm at Ottawa, there were the large saw mill establishments of the Gatineau water-mills, and the Trenton steam mills ; and both of these are still operated by the sons of the late John Gil- mour of the Quebec firm. The firm of ' ' Gil- mour & Co.," under the management of Allan Gilmour, also established and worked for a number of years saw mills on the North Nation and Blanche rivers, tribu- taries of the Ottawa, retiring altogether from the business at the close of 1873. For a long period it may be stated that the lum- ber trade of Canada was so troublesome, fluctuating and unprofitable, and made such constant demands upon the attention of the subject of our memoir, that for a long period of years he was not permitted to be absent upon personal recreation save for the briefest time. But the tide turned at last, and with more prosperous times he had more leisure to devote to his tastes. And finding much enjoyment in shooting, fishing, and steam-yachting, he has indulged himself in these recreations for a number of years. He has visited the prairies of the western States and our Canadian lakes and marshes for the sport that they afford. Mr. Gilmour has also been, for many years, a member of the widely-known Long Point Shooting Company, but for the past two or three years he has had his shooting in the companionship of this most enjoyable association, done for him by willing proxies. Although hale and active, he is not so devoted now as in other years to quick tramping and the rough-and-tumble that fall to the lot of the professional sports- man. He has spent no fewer than twenty- one seasons salmon-fishing on the river Godbout, north shore of the St. Law- rence, near Point des Monts, head of the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 629 Gulf, missing only one year in the conse- cutive series. But Mr. Gilmour has not confined his travels to Canada and the United States. He has been all over Scot- land, through parts of England, and in 1874 75 visited France, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, and parts of Germany and Austria. He has also travelled in Egypt as far up as the island of Philoe at the head of the first cataract, over which he ran in a row boat of about 16 x 5 feet. None of his own party would join him in the dangerous experi- ment, so, accompanied by five Nubians, he dared the rapids and had a splendid run over them. He describes them as somewhat re- sembling the St. Lawrence rapids at Lachine and Long Sault. The old tombs, temples and pyramids, most of which he visited, he found the most interesting of all the remains of an ancient civilization that he had ever looked upon ; and ' ' Wilkinson's Ancient Egypt" he says will be found to contain the best accounts and illustrations of these wonderful and most interesting structures. Nothing, he declares, but a personal examin- ation will convey an adequate idea of these monuments of the thought and the civiliza- tion of that wonderful land. After spend- ing about six weeks in Egypt, he started away with six of his companions of the Nile trip for Palestine, visiting the greater part of that hallowed land on horseback. The route of travel commenced at Beirout and lay along the Mediterranean shore to what remains of the cities of Sidon, Tyre, Acre, with Mount Carmel ; from this point he proceeded to Jaffa, thence to Solomon's Pools, Hebron, Bethlehem, along the Dead Sea, the Jordan, to Jericho and the Fountains of Elisha. In Jerusalem and its neighbourhood the party spent a week and thence returned to Jaffa, taking ship at that port for Naples, the point from which they had started. The weather was propitious, and the passage was marked by no mishap. Mr. Gilmour holds the rank of major in the militia, though one frequently hears him named " Colonel Gilmour." He obtained his rank while drill and organization were proceed- ing to repel the threatened Fenian invasion. Mr. Gilmour was born and brought up in the Presbyterian faith, Church of Scotland, but for a long time he has been very much broad church, thinking well of all denomin- ations and creeds who exercise an influence for good over the lives of their membership. Mr. Gilmour has always been a lover of everything beautiful and grand in nature, and to this fact we trace his admiration for art. For years he has purchased pic- tures that attracted his taste, and he now has in his residence, overlooking the Ot- tawa river, at the Capital, one of the best private collections of pictorial art in Can- ada. Many of the pictures are the products of first-class artists ; and all classes of sub- jects are represented, from the bare, ma- jestic walls of Scandinavian fjords, with chill, clear water rippling at their feet, to the soft, sensuous blue of Italian skies. Our own scenery, that alternates so swiftly from gorgeousness to gloom, is not neglected either ; and there is hardly a picture in the collection that will not delight whomsoever has the true instinct and the gift to appreci- ate. In his handsome residence, so beautified with art, Mr. Gilmour spends his most en- joyable hours, devoting himself to reading, and the recreations of a cultured retire- ment. Those who have the pleasure of enjoying the personal friendship of the sub- ject of this sketch could not say enough to you of the generosity of his heart, and of his fine and manly character. Hardy, Hon. Arthur Sturgis, Q.C., M.P. P. for South Brant, and Provincial Secretary and Registrar of the Government of Ontario, was born at Mount Pleasant, County of Brant, on the 14th of December, 1837. He is a son of Russell and Juletta (Sturgis) Hardy, both of whom were de- scended from U. E. loyalist stock. Russell Hardy was born in Canada, and was at one period of his life a merchant in Brantford ; his wife was also a native Canadian. Arthur Sturgis attended the academy kept by the Rev. W. W. Nelles for some years at Mount Pleasant; then the Grammar school of Brant county, and the academy at Rock- wood, near Guelph. Having completed his educational course he read law for a time at Brantford, and completed his legal studies in Toronto, in the office of Mr. (afterwards Chief Justice) Harrison and Thomas Hod- gins, LL.B., Q.C. At Easter term, 1865, he was called to the bar, and without delay began practice at Brantford, where he has since continued his legal labours, save for the interruptions imposed by his connection with the Executive of the province at To- ronto. From the very outset it was safe to predict a brilliant and a vigorous profes- sional career for Arthur Sturgis Hardy, for he had conspicuous natural brilliancy ; he was daring, and he had fire and unusual mental alertness. He soon became head of the bar in his county, and had established for himself an enduring provincial reputa- tion. In 1867 he became city solicitor for Brantford ; in 1875 he was elected a bencher 630 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF of the Law Society of Ontario, and in the following year was invested with the Queen counseller's gown. Mr. Hardy is a member of the legal firm of Hardy, Wilkes & Jones, and the common law and chancery busi- ness done by this firm is very large. Mr. Hardy's speehces have been always ex- tremely popular, for his fervid eloquence, and his strong, clear and logical methods of reasoning give him a marked influence over juries. In criminal cases his success has always been conspicuous, and this is to be as much attributed to his natural gift of swaying the sentiment, as to his lucid and vigorous presentation of the case. In 1873 he was first elected to parliament for South Brant, upon the resignation of the Hon. Edmund Burke Wood, afterwards chief justice of Manitoba. At the general elec- tion of 1875 he was elected by acclamation for the same constituency ; and in March, 1877, he entered the Ontario administration as provincial secretary and registrar. Upon appealing to his constituents he was again elected by acclamation ; and he has been re- elected for the same constituency at every election since. A man so marked at the bar might be expected to take a leading place in political life ; and this the Hon. Arthur Sturgis Hardy has done. He is one of the strongest members in the Mowat ad- ministration, and has no superior in the House as a ready and effective speaker. He has the gift of being able to " think on his legs," and is therefore at no disadvantage even against most carefully elaborated at- tack. His characteristics as a debater are his facility for detecting weak points in his opponent, his ready repartee, and the per- sonal enthusiasm and earnestness with which he infuses his statements. There is, too, a spice of the daring in his methods; a quality which can only be aired with safety by a man like Mr. Hardy, who is sure of his ground, and who remains master of the situ- ation, even though his case be a shaky one. If there is a difficult county to contest, and the fate of government is not sure in that quarter, thither is it always considered expe- dient that Mr. Hardy must go. And the more fierce the contest, the harder the blows struck, the more does it seem to be according to the humour of the man. Nor can we call to mind any case where he has not come triumphant out of the encounter. As head of a very important branch of the government, Hon. Mr. Hardy finds his time fully occupied. In addition to the work proper of the Provincial Secretary's depart- ment, there has, during his term of office, been added to the duties of that department those of the Immigration branch, the Li- cense branch, the audit of criminal justice accounts, the Division Court inspectorship, those relating to that of births, marriages and deaths, and those arising under the Joint Stock Companies Act in connection with the issue of charters to companies. Upon the retirement of Hon. Mr. Wood from the Treasury, there was also added to the department of the Provincial Secretary the department of Prisons, Charities and Public Institutions. The department of the Provincial Secretary is, therefore, now one of the heaviest of the governmental departments. As a legislator, Hon. Mr. Hardy has since his entrance into the House taken his full share. He has intro- duced and carried through large measures amending and consolidating the Jurors' Act; several important measures connected with the Liquor License laws ; important amend- ments enlarging the jurisdiction of the Division courts ; measures relating to Joint Stock companies ; and usually, as chairman of the Municipal committee, has had charge of the act embracing all of the amendments of the session to the municipal acts. It is not necessary to add that Mr. Hardy is a Reformer. In religion he gives his adher- ence to the Church of England. He married on the 19th January, 1870, Mary, daughter of the late Hon. Justice Morrison, and has issue four children. Jessup, Hamilton Dibble, Prescott, Ontario, Physician and Surgeon, was born on the 2nd May, 1806, in the township of Augusta, County of Grenville, Province of Upper Canada. He is the grandson of Major Edward Jessup, who commanded a colonial corps which was known as the loyal Ameri- can regiment, and who was born in the parish of Stanford, in the County of Fair- field, Province of Connecticut, in 1735. He was the son of Joseph Jessup, who died in Montreal, in 1779, and grandson of Ed- ward Jessup, and great grandson of Edward Jessup, who emigrated from England, about 1640, and settled in the colony of New York. At the breaking out of the revolutionary war, Major Jessup and his family resided at the City of Albany, New York, where he was extensively engaged in business, and in the possession of a tract of 500,000 acres of land, a full description of which is found in the documentary history of New York, under the title of "Jessup's Patent," A staunch loyalist, Major Jessup sacrificed his fortune by taking up arms for the king. In 1777 he joined the army under Burgoyne, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 631 who was then marching upon Ticonderaga, and continued in the service until the close of the war, when the major proceeded to Canada with his corps, which then became known as " Jessup's Rangers." They were first stationed at Isle aux Noix, and subse- quently at St. Denis, St. Charles, Riviere du Chine, Vercheres and Sorel. When peace was declared in 1783, large tracts of land were granted by the Crown to the offi- cers and men, who accompanied by their families in the spring of 1784, proceeded up the river St. Lawrence, thus commencing the settlements of Leeds and Grenville, Addington and the Bay of Quinte. After locating his men, Major Jessup proceeded to England, where he remained for several years. When he returned he settled in the township of Augusta, County of Grenville, on lots numbers one, two and three in the 1st concession. In 1810, he laid out the town of Prescott, where he died in February, 1816, at the age of eighty-one years. Lieu- tenant Edward Jessup, only son of Major Jessup, was born in the City of Albany, Province of New York. He became a lieu- tenant in the Royal rangers, went to Eng- land with his father, and returned with him to Canada. In 1798 he was elected to re- present the eastern division in the Legisla- tive Assembly of the Province of Upper Canada, and in January 1800 was appointed by Lieutenant-Governor Hunter to the clerk- ship of the peace, for the district of Johns- town. In 1809 he was appointed by Lieu- tenant-Governor Gore, as lieutenant-colonel of the 1st regiment of Leeds militia. He died at Prescott, in 1815, leaving a wife and seven children, five sons and two daughters. Dr. H. D. Jessup the fourth son is now the only one of the seven children living. He received his education at the district Gram- mar school in Augusta, under the direction of the late Rev. John Bethune, dean of Montreal, and brother of Alexander Beth- une, second bishop of Toronto. In 1825 he was articled to William Caldwell, M.D., at Montreal, as a student of medicine; in October, 1829, he received his license to practice medicine in Upper Canada, and in February, 1830, for Lower Can- ada. He practised his profession for about thirty years, at Prescott. During the trou- bles of 1837-38, he was captain of a com- pany of militia, under Colonel Young, and took part in the engagement at Prescott, which occurred in November, 1838, known as the Battle of the Wind Mill. In 1844 he was elected to parliament for the County of Grenville. He was for several years mayor af the town of Prescott, and was two or three times made warden of the united counties of Leeds and Grenville. In July 1856 he was appointed captain of the 1st Volunteer rifles of Prescott, and in Novem- ber of the same year he was appointed lieu- tenant-colonel of the militia force of Canada. In April, 1867, he was appointed lieutenant- colonel of the 56th battalion of infantry, and in 1883, after twenty-six years of ser- vice in the active force of Canada, owing to his advanced age he withdrew from the force. In 1867, Dr. Jessup was appointed to the collectorship of customs, at Prescott, which office he filled for eighteen years. At his own request he was placed on the retired list in 1885. Dr. Jessup married Sophia Matilda, daughter of Michel Trudeau, of Montreal. By this union he has two sons and three daughters living. Edward Jes- sup, his son, is collector of customs at Pres- cott, Ontario. One who has known this worthy gentleman, and whose opinion can be trusted, says that he is one of Nature's noblemen, and could not be anything but a gentleman if he tried. Not wisely, but too well, is the phrase that might be sometimes applied to his career ; for the man was at the bottom of his heart unselfish, and only cared about the advancement of the interests entrusted to his charge. Too great devo- tion to the affairs of his town and county stood in the way of that wide opulence which lay in his path had he chosen to de- vote his great talents and his industry solely to the advancement of his own private for- tunes. In politics he always has been a Conservative. Innes, Rev. George Mignon, M.A., Canon and Rector of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Ontario, was born at Weymouth, England, on the 21st January, 1826. He is a son of John Bontet Innes and Mary Evans, his father being a clergyman of the Episcopal church. The Inneses are descend- ed from an ancient Scottish military family, John Bontet Innes being a cousin of the late Duke of Roxborough. The Mignons, of which family the Rev. G. M. Innes' paternal grandmother was a member, were Hugue- nots, Count Mignon de Chasseau escaping from France in 1688, concealed in a soap barrel. George Mignon Innes was educated at Mill-hill Grammar school ; passed his examination for the army at Sandhurst Mili- tary college ; and received a commission in the army in 1849. His service extended over a period of twelve years in the Royal Canadian Rifles, and he retired as captain in 1861. He then studied theology, was or- 632 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF dained deacon at London, in 1862, by the Bishop of Huron ; was ordained priest in the following year, and received the appoint- ment of incumbent of Christ's church, Lon- don. In 1863 he went to Quebec as assistant minister of the cathedral in that city ; but in 1868 he returned to London as assistant minister of St. Paul's cathedral. In 1871 he became canon and rector of the cathedral, and has since continued to adorn that posi- tion by his piety, his learning and his zeal. His whole enthusiasm is in his parish, and the kindness of his heart is shown by his tender attentions to the sick. He is strictly of the Evangelical school, and his preaching and reading are made both pleasant and im- pressive by his full and musical voice. He has, as one writer justly remarks, an ex- ceedingly " pointed way of putting things." His congregation, it need hardly be said, includes some of the leading families in London ; and he has a strong influence for good in every way in his parish. From Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canon Innes received his degree of master of arts. Canon Innes has been twice mar- ried, first, in October, 1854, to Elizabeth Anne, only daughter of Col. John Clarke, of the 76th regiment. She died in 1865, leaving one son and three daughters. He married again on the 6th May, 1867, Ann, daughter of Daniel McCallum, of Quebec. Canon Innes has a very extensive library, and few men put their books to better use than he. Townshend, Charles Janies, Am- herst, ex-M.P. for Cumberland, N.S., was born at Amherst, Nova Scotia, on 22nd March, 1844. He is a son of the Rev. Canon Townshend, rector of Amherst, and Eliza- beth, his wife, daughter of the late Hon- ourable Alexander Stewart, C.B., formerly master of the Rolls of the Province of Nova Scotia, and judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court. Canon Townshend is the son of the late Honourable William Townshend of Wrexham, Ergland. The family are de- scendants of the Townshends of Norfolk, England. Charles James Townshend was educated at the Collegiate school, Windsor, Nova Scotia, and subsequently at the Uni- versity of King's College, Windsor, where he graduated with high honours in 1862. His chief studies were classics, mathematics, and French and German. He took the degree of B.A. in 1863, and B.C.L. in 1872. In the old Nova Scotia militia he was gazetted captain 1st Cumberland regiment in 1863, and the next year was appointed adjutant to the same regiment. He continued an active officer until the change made after Confederation reorganizing the whole sys- tem, when he retired from further connec- tion with the service. Mr. Townshend was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in April, 1866, and he has continued in active practice up to the present time. He studied law in the office of the Honourable Senator Dickey at Amherst, Nova Scotia. Shortly after Mr. Townshend had been admitted to the bar, Senator Dickey retired from practice, and he suc- ceeded to a large and lucrative business. He has been a leading counsel in the pro- vince for many years past, and has been en- gaged in all important cases in Cumberland, and in some of the adjoining counties. In 1881 he was appointed by the Dominion government a Q.C. In 1874 he was nomin- ated by the Liberal-Conservative convention as local candidate for the County of Cumber- land. He contested the seat, and was de- feated by a small majority, owing to an un- fortunate split in the Conservative ranks, which resulted in three Conservative can- didates taking the field. In 1878 he again contested the county for the local seat in conjunction with Sir Charles Tupper, who ran at the same time for the House of Com- mons, and with him was returned by a majority of nearly 600. The result of the general elections was to defeat the existing administration in Nova Scotia. On the formation of a Conservative government, under Hon. S. H. Holmes, Mr. Townshend was made a member without portfolio. He remained in the government for four years, when, on Mr. Holmes' resignation, he was again made a member of the new govern- ment, under the Hon. Mr. Thompson, min- ister of justice. At the general election in 1882, he was again elected for the County of Cumberland, but the government was de- feated ; and he resigned office along with his colleagues in July, 1882. Mr. Towns- hend was one of the leading speakers in opposition to the policy of the new gov- ernment, formed by Mr. Pipes. On the resignation of Sir Charles Tupper of his seat in the House of Commons in May, 1884, our subject was almost unanimously nominated by the Liberal-Conservatives as their candidate for the Dominion. Subse- quently, on June 26th, 1884, having re- signed his seat in the local House, he was elected to the House of Commons by ac- clamation. On January 29th, 1885, he seconded the Address in answer to the Speech from the Throne, and was compli- mented by both Sir John A. Macdonald and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 633 Mr. Blake. During the session he spoke on the Franchise bill, taking strong ground against extending the franchise to women, and moved the amendment striking that clause out of the bill, which was carried after a long debate. He is director of, and solicitor for, the Amherst Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Company, of which he was one of the chief founders. This business, it may be added, is one of the most successful commercial enterprises in the Maritime pro- vinces. He is solicitor for the Cumberland Coal and Railway Company, the largest col- liery in Nova Scotia ; and is also solicitor for the Bank of Nova Scotia at Amherst. Mr. Townshend admitted J. Medley Towns- hend, his brother, and Arthur R. Dickey, son of Senator Dickey, into partnership with him in 1878. He is a member of the Masonic order, and of the Grand lodge of Nova Scotia, and has been district deputy- grand master, and master of Acacia lodge. In 1875 and 1876 he travelled through Great Britain ; and visited the principal cities of Europe and of the United States. In 1885 he went across the continent to British Co- lumbia. In church matters Mr. Townshend is an adherent of the Church of England ; and he has been appointed delegate both to the diocesan and provincial synods. He married in April, 1867, Laura, fourth daughter of John D. Kinnear, judge of Probate for the County of Cumberland, by whom he has three children. His wife died on the 17th March, 1884. He has always resided at Amherst, Nova Scotia, except when absent attending sessions of the legis- lature, or travelling. Sullivan, Hon. Michael, M.D., Sen- ator, Professor of the Principles and Prac- tice of Surgery in the Royal College, Kings- ton, and Professor of Anatomy in the Female Medical College, was born at Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland, on 13th February, 1838. He is the second son of the late Daniel O'Sullivan, of Killarney, and Joana O'Connor, of the same county. The family, which is an old Irish one, occupied a very respectable position ; but Michael Sullivan's father, not succeeding in business, he came to Canada with his family in 1842. After a few years' residence in Montreal and Cham- bly, he settled in Kingston, in 1845. Realis- ing fully the truth of the adage, " Know- ledge is power," he made many sacrifices to secure for his family the best educational advantages, and of these Michael was not slow of availing himself. After receiving a thorough English education, he went to Regiopolis College, where his aptitude and studious habits were conspicuous. He was always at the head of his class, and paid particular attention to classics, reading the same very extensively. The college closing before he finished his course, he completed his studies under private teachers. In 1854, he entered the Medical College attached to Queen's University, being one of its first pupils. While there he acquired a decided taste for anatomy, and was appointed pros- ector and demonstrator of that branch at the end of his first year. In his third year he was made house surgeon to the Kings- ton Hospital, and passed a brilliant ex- mination before he attained his twenty- first year. Principal Cook, who conferred the degrees on that occasion, made him the object of special compliment. He began the practice of medicine in Kingston in 1858, and soon acquired a large and lucrative business. His thorough knowledge of prac- tical anatomy led him to cultivate surgery, in which department he enjoys a wide and solid reputation. After practising four years (1862) he was requested to lecture on ana- tomy in his alma mater, and accepted the position. He changed the method of instruc- tion, and impressed his pupils with so ardent a zeal for the subject as to largely enhance the reputation of the school*and increase its numbers. Two years afterwards Dr. Dick- son retired from the chair of surgery, and Dr. Sullivan was, at the unanimous request of the faculty, appointed to fill the vacant chair, a position he holds at the present time. The best proof of his success as a teacher is afforded by the cheerful testimony borne by all the students of the college scattered through the country, who are ever ready to express their obligations to his practical and thorough methods, and the conscientious fidelity with which he has laboured to place them in the front ranks of the profession. At the urgent request of the founders of the Female Medical College, Dr. Sullivan accepted the chair of anatomy, and continues to discharge its duties. In 1866, he was appointed a member of the Medical Council of Ontario, and was sent as examiner in anatomy to the first board of examiners in 1870. Determined to make the examinations thoroughly practical, he, at great trouble and annoyance, procured dissections, principally made by himself, and on these the students were examined. Unaccustomed to this test, a loud outcry was made against him in the public jour- nals, buc the importance of a knowledge of this fundamental branch of medicine was so obvious that the entire profession of the 634 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF province came to his rescue and sustained him, and his innovation is now the mode prescribed by the council. His position in the profession is indicated by his unre- quested election to the presidency of the Dominion Medical Association in 1883. In 1884, he delivered the annual address before that body at the Montreal meeting, in the presence of many distinguished members of the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science, who were much pleased, and expressed their gratification at the high position occupied by the profession in Can- ada. In that address he, among many sub- jects, considered and contrasted the mor- tality of the different provinces, showing such extraordinary and inexplicable differ- ences as to require, in his opinion, a com- mission to investigate them. Had this been appointed, Montreal might have been spared the epidemic of small-pox, which a year after so cruelly scourged that city. Dr. Sullivan has been surgeon of the Hotel Dieu from 1858. In his first year's service the admission increased from 90 to 300, and the extensive reputation the hospital possesses is due to his efforts. A warm-hearted Irishman, he has always taken an active interest in the welfare of his countrymen. For many years the leading Irish catholic of the city and vicinity, his influence has always been in favour of a liberal, tolerant course. President of the St. Patrick Society for some years, he left after paying its debts, because the society would not carry out the schemes for self- improvement and benevolence which he brought forward. Enjoying the confidence and friendship of the Catholic clergy and laity, and selected to represent the latter on important public occasions, he has not for- feited the esteem of all other denominations. Requested by a large number of friends to take part in public affairs, in 1863 he en- tered the city council for Sydenham ward, where he lived, and for ten consecutive years was elected by acclamation. Wishing to retire in 1873, he was put forward for the office of mayor, but was defeated by one vote. The following year, the election be- ing by popular vote, he was elected by a very large majority, and was re-elected again in 1875. While mayor he divided his salary among the charitable institu- tions of the city, and finished a municipal service of twelve years without making an enemy, and leaving a reputation for energy, earnestness and zeal which anyone might envy. He inherited strong Conser- vative tendencies, and no one has worked more honestly and faithfully for the ad- vancement of conservative principles than he. In doing this he has earned the respect and esteem of his opponents. At the general election of 1882, he contested the city in the conservative interest, but owing to party defection he failed to win the seat. His political services were recognised, however, by the government appointing him to the Senate on January 29, 1884, to suc- ceed the late Hon. John Hamilton. When the announcement was made that Dr. Sullivan was called to the Senate, it was received by the public in general with a feeling of grati- fication, as no man in Kingston stands higher in public estimation than he does. He has proved a great acquisition to the Senate, not only on account of his great ability as a debater, but of his knowledge of the affairs of the country. He is an able speaker, and it is safe to predict that in the near future he will be included among the foremost Canadian orators who are to be found in the different legislative bodies. When the doctor was called to the Senate, the press teemed with congratulatory re- marks, and among the many we give an ex- tract from the Toronto Mail of that date, which reads as follows : "The appointment of Dr. Sullivan, of Kingston, to the Senate will be well received not only by the Roman catholic body of which he is a member, but by all who have watched his very creditable career. He is a man of excellent abilities and high personal character, still young in years, and with a sound knowledge of the past and present. He will be a great ac- quisition to the Upper House." The hon- ourable gentleman's professional reputation was such that he was requested by the government, on the outbreak of the rebel- lion, to accept the position of purveyor- general. He promptly responded to his country's call, and at once proceeded to Winnipeg, and thence to Swift Current, where he established a hospital ; subse- quently he went to Moose jaw, where the hospital was transferred to. His duty in the office which he assumed included not only the task of providing all necessary medical and surgical requirements, and making whatever arrangements were need- ful for the due care of the wounded, but also the receiving and distributing and for- warding of the contributions of various articles of luxury and comfort sent up by the ladies, and other associations. During the whole of the trouble he remained at his post, attending to the sufferings of the wounded men. A high tribute was recently CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 635 paid to the admirable hospital and ambu- lance arrangements by Dr. Boyd, the sur- geon sent out by Princess Louise to assist in attending to the wounded. That gentle- man had considerable experience in military hospitals, having been in the one at Plevna during the Russo-Turkish war. His evi- dence is therefore entitled to great weight, and conveys high praise when he says : "I found a field hospital that would do credit to any nation as a model. The patients appear to have everything conceivable that they want, and are cared for better than they could be in their own homes." Dr. Sullivan received the thanks of the minister of militia publicly in the House of Com- mons ; and from the Ladies' Aid Society of Montreal and others he received the highest praise for the admirable manner in which their presents were distributed. Galt, Hon. Thomas, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Ontario, To- ronto, was born at London, England, on the 12th August, 1815. He is a son of John Galt, a name well known in permanent literature, he being the author of " Laurie Todd," "The Entail," " Sir Andrew Wylie," "The Annals of the Parish," and other works of wide popularity and conspicuous literary merit. The Galt family is an an- cient one, and is prominent in Scottish annals. John Galt married Elizabeth, daughter of Alexander Tilloch, a prominent citizen of Ayrshire. There were born to this union John Thomas, the subject of this sketch, and Alexander Tilloch (now Sir), one of the foremost of our political figures, and late high commissioner of Canada at the Court of St. James. The elder brother, John, was registrar for the County of Huron, and died in 1866. He was a man of sterling as well as genial qualities, and was widely known and beloved. Thomas Galt was educated in England and Scotland, and in his eighteenth year emigrated to Canada, settling in To- ronto. Here he entered into the employ of the Canada Company, remaining in their office for a period of six years. He had by this time come to feel a distaste for com- mercial life, and an inclination for law. He became a student in the office of the late Chief Justice Draper ; was called to the bar of Upper Canada in Easter term, 1845, and entered immediately upon the practice of his profession. From the very outset the young barrister gave evidence of more than the common share of ability ; and for a quarter of a century his position among the members of the legal fraternity was a con- spicuous and a commanding one. But his chief strength lay in his wide knowledge of criminal law, and the vigour and clearness which characterized his method of present- ing cases. Very naturally his services were in wide demand, and he conducted with un- varying ability some of the most noted cases in the criminal calendar. He was likewise entrusted with the solicitorship of various railways, insurance companies, and other important corporations. In 1858 Mr. Galt was created a Queen's counsel ; and in Easter term, 1869, his professional attain- ments received a fuller recognition by his elevation to the bench as a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. A man so distin- guished at the bar could not fail to give lustre to the bench ; and Mr. Justice Galt has proven one of the most capable and esteemed judges known to our Canadian courts. The judge is a member of the Church of England, and is a constant at- tendant at the services in St. James Cathe- dral. He married, in October, 1847, Frances Louisa, daughter of James' Marshall Per- kins. By this union there are nine surviv- ing children, five sons and four daughters. Moore, Vincent Howard, M.D., Brookville, is one of the best and most favor- ably known medical practitioners in Brook- ville, or in Eastern Ontario. He was born in the township of Elizabethtown, County of Leeds, on the 4th of February, 1848, and is decended from a family remark- able for longevity. The genealogy can be traced a long way back ; his grandfather on the maternal side being Matthew Berry, who was born in 1756, in the County of Down, Ireland. He emigrated to America in 1818, and died at the age of seventy- five years. His grandmother, on the same side, was also born in the County Down, in 1766, and died in 1866, having reached the advanced age of one hundred years and four months. On the paternal side of the genealogical tree we find that Dr. Moore's grandfather, Frederick Moore, was born in the County of Wexford, Ireland, in 1770. He came to Canada in 1808, and died in 1848, being seventy-eight years of age. The grandmother on this side was Jane McKel- vie, who also reached an advanced age. The immediate paternal ancestor of the doctor was Richard Moore, who was a native of Wexford, Ireland, where he was born in 1800, and came to this country with his father when eight years of age. He settled at what is now known as New Dublin, in the County of Leeds, In 1820 he married Ann Berry, a native of County Down, Ireland, who came to Canada with her 636 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF parents in 1816, at which time she was only thirteen years of age, having been born in 1803. The family of this couple consisted of six sons and two daughters, the subject of this sketch being the youngest member of the family. Richard Moore died at his residence in Elizabethtown, where he had resided for sixty-four years, October 30th, 1884, aged eighty-four years. His widow survives him, and is still in the enjoyment of excellent health, notwithstanding her four score years and two. Dr. Moore had not the early advantages of a liberal educa- tion which the majority of those entering upon professions at the present day enjoy. He obtained his elementary grounding in the public country school, and afterwards attended the Grammar schools in Kempt- ville and Brockville. When sixteen years of age he entered the general store of his brother, but not having any particular lik- ing for mercantile life, he retired from that position after one year's service. His de- sire was to study medicine, and in 1867 he entered as a student in the office of the late Dr. Weir, of Merrickville. In October of that year he was enrolled as a student at the Royal College of Physicians and Surge- ons, Kingston, Ont., and graduated with honours in 1870. In April, 1870, he passed the examination of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. In May of that year he settled in Brockville, and entered upon the practice of his profession, where he has remained ever since, and now enjoys one of the largest practices in Eastern Ontario. In June, 1879, he was appointed to the posi- tion of gaol surgeon for the united Counties of Leeds and Grenville, a position which he still holds. Dr. Moore has also an impor- tant military record. In 1869 he entered the Military school at Kingston, and took out a second-class certificate on the 17th of August of that year. In 1872 he was ap- pointed by the Dominion government to the position of medical examiner of appli- cants for militia pensions. In 1874 he was appointed surgeon to the 41st battallion, and still holds the position. He has always taken a deep interest in all matters pertain- ing to education. In 1876 he was appoint- ed a member of the Brockville High School Board, and was reappointed in 1879. In politics he is a staunch Conservative, and, although refraining from becoming a candi- date himself, he has always taken a lively interest in the contests that have taken place, and in everything of a political char- acter that has transpired. He is a member of the leading medical associations, and of the Masonic order, having taken all the de- grees in the blue, royal arch, and also of the order of the temple. He was grand superintendent of the central district for two years, and is also a past grand senior warden of the Sovereign Sanctuary of Royal and Oriental Fremasonry, He also belongs to the Canadian order of Foresters, and to the Royal Arcanum. In 1884 he had the honour of being elected by the council of Queen's University as their represen- tation on the Medical Council, taking the place of the late Dr. McCammon, who had resigned. In April, 1885, Dr. Moore was re-elected to the same position, and holds it now. The doctor has also dabbled in jour- nalism in his time. He was one of the founders of the Brookville Daily Times, one of the most widely circulated and influ- ential journals in the province. He was for a time vice-president and manager of the company and afterwards president. Dr. Moore comes of good old Presbyterian stock, and is an attendant at St. John's church, Brookville. In 1874 he married Margaret Orillia, daughter of Wm. Burnham of Port Hope. There are two children by this union, a boy and a girl. Digby, James W., M.D., Brantford, son of Dr. Alfred Digby, the first phy- sician in that town, was born at Brant- ford, in 1842. Dr. Alfred Ditrby was born in the County of Meath, Ireland, and while a young man emigrated to America, taking up his abode for a time in Montreal. Here he married Catherine Busby, a native of that city, and by this lady had a family of four boys and two girls ; three of the former and two of the latter still surviving. When Dr. Digby left for America he was a mem- ber of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ire- land ; and he was regarded as a man of un- questioned ability. After residing for a short time in Montreal, he proceeded to Hamilton, where he practised his profession for a time with very marked success. He then moved to Brantford, where he resum- ed his professional career, which he followed till his death in 1866. He was a man of marked ability ; of wide public spirit ; and he was conspicuous in political, as well as professional circles. His son, James W. Digby, received his primary education in the public schools, and he subsequently entered the Galt Collegiate institute, under Dr. Tassie. He matriculated at Toronto University and subsequently entered Mc- Gill College, Montreal, from which he gradu- ated in 1862. Upon graduating he repaired to New York city, in the hospitals of which CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 637 he practised for a time. He received the appointment of acting assistant surgeon during the American rebellion, and was stationed at the hospital of Point Lookout, Maryland. After the battle of Stone River he took part in the campaign, as hospital surgeon, through the western States; but after the battle of Chickamanga he was stationed in the field hospital, in Chatta- nooga, having charge of several wards. He received the appointment, some months later, of regimental surgeon of the 16th U. S. infantry, and took part, with that regiment, in the campaign through the south. In June, 1866, he returned to Can- ada, and since that time has practised in the town of Brantford. His wide learning and his marked professional skill have won for him a handsome practice there. Dr. Digby has given considerable attention to municipal politics. He has been deputy- reeve, town councillor, mayor for the period of three years ; and he has been for nine years a member of the College board of trustees. Adam, Graeme Mercer, Toronto, was born in 1839, at Loanhead, a village in Miolothian, Scotland, about half way be- tween De Quincey's house at Lasswade, on the Esk, and the woodland domain of the poet Drummond, of Hawthornden, close by the far-famed castle and chapel of the Earls of Roslyn. His father, who died in 1841, was factor on the estates of Graeme Mercer of Mavisbank and Gorthy, after whom he was named. The family is connected with the Adams of Blair-Adam, in Perthshire, and on the paternal side has given many representatives to literature and other pro- fessional callings ; while on the maternal side, numberless Wisharts (his mother is a lineal descendant of the Scottish martyr, George Wishart), have served their country in many of Britain's great battles on sea and land. After receiving his education, first at Portobello, and then at Edinburgh, Mr. Adam entered an old-established pub- lishing house in the Scottish capital while very young, and at the age of nineteen was entrusted with the management of one of its important departments. Owing to the death of the head of the house, the business was wound up, and young Mercer Adam was offered, through the Nelsons, a post in a large colonial book-house in Calcutta, and from the Blackwoods he had at the same time a proposal to go to Can- ada, to take charge of the book business of Mr. (now Rev. Dr.) J. Cuningham Geikie ; the latter of which he accepted, and came to Canada in September, 1858. Two years afterwards he succeeded to this business, as a member of the firm of Rollo & Adam, who, it maybe said, were the publishers of the first of the more ambitious native periodicals published in Canada, the British American Magazine. In this period- ical Mr. Adam made his first published contributions to literature. In .1866 Mr. Rollo retired from the business of Rollo & Adam, and the firm of Adam, Stevenson & Co. was formed. This book-house was well known in its day for its many publishing enterprises, and for the aid it gave the in- tellectual life of Canada, in furthering native literature and in introducing a higher class of book importations than had hitherto found sale in the country. Unfortunately, the house for a number of years met with many and severe losses, and its business was wound up in 1876, Mr. Adam withdrawing for a time to New York to found a publish- ing house there, which has since developed into the extensive firm of the John W. Lovell Publishing Company. Mr. Adam, however, returned to Toronto in 1878, and since then has almost exclusively devoted himself to a literary life. In 1879 he established, and for five years edited, the Canada Educational Monthly; and in 1880 assumed the editorship of the Canadian Monthly, which, in connection with Profes- sor Gold win Smith, he was instrumental in founding in the year 1872. Mr. Adam has also had connection with many other period- ical publications issued in Ontario, either as a writer or in business relations there- with. His services to literature have been wide and important, for he has been jour- nalist, educationist, critic, reviewer and essay-writer. In 1885 he wrote " The North-West, its History and its Troubles," published by the Rose Publishing Company; he edited an edition of Lord Macaulay's Essay on Warren Hastings ; founded the Canada Bookseller, a trade organ, in 1870, and has written, in conjunction with W. J. Robertson, B.A., of St. Catharines, a " School History of England and Canada." Mr. Adam has served Canada in the militia force for twelve years. He was a captain in the Queen's Own Rifles, and commanded a Company of that crack corps at the fight at Ridgeway, between our volunteers and the Fenian marauders. He is a graduate and first-class certificate holder of the Mili- tary school,Toronto; received a second class certificate in 1865 from Colonel Peacock of Her Majesty's 16th regiment ; and in .1866 a first-class certificate from Colonel Lowry 638 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF of the 47th regiment. Mr. Adam has for the last twenty years been brought into con- tact with every literary man in the country, and many representatives of other profes- sions in Canada, and we have not probably another man who has a larger or more in- timate acquaintance with books, book-men and the book-trade, as vouched for by the publishing and bookselling fraternity, as well as by educational schools of all profes- sions-law, medicine, education, theology, &c. Mr. Adam married in 1863, Jane, second daughter of the late John Gibson, of Lovell & Gibson, parliamentary printers, and editor for many years of the Literary Garland. This lady died in 1884, pro- foundly regretted, leaving eight children to survive her. In religion Mr. Adam is a member of the Church of England ; in politics he is an independent and a Canadian nationalist. Besides the literary work noted, Mr. Adam has edited and prepared for the press innumerable manuscripts ; and he has been looked upon by literary people as a sort of general reference library. The most pretentious of Mr. Adam's published work so far is "The North-West, its History and its Troubles and this is a book that will be certain to survive in the literature of the country. The style of the work is like everything that proceeds from the pen of Mr. Adam,-it is clean cut, easy, swift and direct. There is a fascinating grace about all of Mr. Adam's work ; and one finds him- self pausing constantly to admire the grace with which a sentence has been rounded, or to linger over its exquisitely balanced rhythm. Nature he loves with all his heart, and many of the descriptive passages in the work in question are delightful. There is present, likewise, the judicial quality, and the sense of historical responsibility ; while the strong individuality of the writer is ever manifest. What we say of the work referred to, is true of Mr. Adam's writings generally. But to him, as some of our recently pub- lished historical and biographical works bear testimony, Canadian literature lies un- der a debt which it can never repay. Liter- ature the man loves, and it is not an exag- geration to say that his life has been conse- crated to it. How bitter have been the fortunes of letters in Canada, is a fact only too well known, but Mr. Adam has always been fighting the literary fight, and when others have dropped out of the battle, he has kept up his courage. He is at present engaged exclusively in letters, and has now attained his meridian powers, and we await much from his gifted pen. Hewett, Col. Edward Osborne, C.M.G., Royal Engineers, Commandant Royal of the Military College of Canada, at Kingston, was born on the 25th of Sep- tember, 1835. His father was Colonel John Hewett, deputy lieutenant of the County of Glamorgan, England. His seat was at Tyr Mab. Ellis, County Glamorgan. His mother was Frances, daughter of Thomas Thorne- well, deputy lieutenant of the County of Stafford, England. Seat, Dove Cliffe, County Stafford. Colonel Hewett's father obtained his commission in 1803, and saw prolonged and very distinguished active service in every quarter of the globe. He served in Canada throughout the war of 1812, and led the " forlorn hope " in the attack and capture of Oswego in 1814. Two of Colonel Hewett's great-uncles were killed at the taking of Quebec, under General Wolfe in 1759. The family of Hewett is descended directly from Geoffry de Hewat (1223), of Manor Hewat, County Kent (tempo Henry HI., alienated tempo Henry VIII.) through Walter de Hewat (1327), knight banneret (tempo Henry III.) and Sir John Hewett (1621), baronet (tempo James I.) A portion of the crest of the family is the badge of Henry III., and was granted by that monarch for distinguished military service in the French wars of that period. In the early part of the sixteenth century many of the wealthy merchants of the City of London owned private houses built at that time upon the only bridge crossing the Thames. In one of these, a rich woollen manufacturer named Hewet (lord mayor of London 1550, and knighted in 1552) resided. In 1536 this merchant's nurse was standing at an upper window holding her master's daughter and only child, when the latter suddenly sprang from the nurse's arms and fell into the rushing river below. A young apprentice of Hewett's named Edward Os- borne leaped into the river and rescued the child, to whom, sixteen years afterwards, he was married. In 1592 Edward Osborne, who had succeeded to his father-in-law's business, was elected lord mayor of London, and in 1601 was knighted by Queen Eliza- beth. The son of this marriage was the grandfather of Sir Thomas Osborne, ele- vated to the peerage in 1673 as Viscount Latimer, and subsequently for service ren- dered to the Prince of Orange (1691) Duke of Leeds. Mrs. Hewett's father, Major Biscoe, Royal engineers, served in Canada during the rebellion, 1837-8. Her grand- father, Major Van Baerle, of her Majesty's 97th regiment, wa killed in the same year CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 639 at London, in which district over 3,000 regular troops were then stationed. In ad- dition to ordinary duties, he was engaged in selecting strategical positions, and in re- porting on the defences and resources of Canada. He subsequently proceeded to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and was in charge of the designing and construction of the exten- sive fortifications of that military and naval station. He was present for some months with both the Federal and the Confederate armies during the civil war, and on one occasion had his horse shot under him. In 1875 Colonel Hewett was appointed Com- mandant of the proposed Military College of Canada, at which date neither staff, build- ings or defined system existed. He has had the sole organization and working of this institution from its inception to the present date, 1886. In 1885 he was nominated to the command of the Militia and Military Police forces of New Zealand, which ap- pointment, however, his duties in Canada prevented his accepting. The same reason prevented the acceptance by Colonel Hewett of a very high and responsible civil govern- ment appointment. The Colonel was mar- ried, on the 4th February, 1864, to Cathe- rine Mary, daughter of Major Vincent Biscoe, Royal engineers. Seat, Hookwood, County Surrey, England. Jardine, Rev. Robert, M.A., B.D., D.Sc., Pastor of the St. John's Presbyterian church, Brookville, was born in the township of Augusta, County of Grenville, Ontario, on the 19th of J une, 1840. He is a son of John Jardine and Jane McCreath, who were both natives of Girvan, in Ayrshire, Scot- land. His father's family had lived in Ayr- shire for three generations, having moved there from Annandale, in Dumfriesshire, the original seat of the Jardine family, where they had lived probably from the time of the N orman conquest. In the family of John Jardine there were one daughter and three sons, the youngest of whom died in youth. The daughter married Rev. Alexander Hunter, a Presbyterian clergy- man (since dead). The eldest son is Alex- ander Jardine, chief partner in the " Pure Gold" Manufacturing Company, Toronto. The first education received by Robert Jar- dine was on a farm owned by his father, who, in addition to his work as a builder and contractor, cultivated a farm. In the common school, near Algonquin, the son ob- tained the first rudiments of knowledge, but his chief preparatory education was obtained in the Grammar school of Brockville, under a distinguished teacher, J. J. Dunlop, a grad- while carrying despatches for the governor- general of Canada. In the tenth century a Due de Bar (the earlier Dues de Bar in Lorraine were related to the Emperor Char- lemagne) left France and came to the Pays Bas, and founded the chateau de Baerle from whence the villages of Baerle Due Belgium and Baerle Nassau, Holland. The state archives of Holland show the descent in unbroken line of Major Van Baerle from the Nassau branch of the family, through Pierre Von Baerle (1400). The present reigning house of Holland is related to this family. Colonel Edward Osborne Hewett was educated at Cheltenham College and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Eng- land, and obtained his commission in the Royal engineers as lieutenant, 14th August, 1854 ; captain, 1860 ; major, 1872 ; lieuten- ant-colonel, 1879; colonel, 1881; and was created a Companion of the order of St. Michael and St. George, 1883. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. Colonel Hewett has been largely employed in the designing and construction of the great land and sea fortifications, including the celebrated iron forts of Portsmouth and Dover. He has served in the West Indies, and in South America. He was an instruc- tor at the Royal Military Academy, Wool- wich ; was nominated for employment in the Ordnance survey of Great Britain ; and has been engaged in superintending the in- struction of officers at the School of Military Engineering, Chatham, and in organizing the depot system at headquarters. He has also officiated as adjutant, and as aid-de-camp, and for eight years commanded companies of Royal engineers. In December, 1861, at the time of the anticipated war with the United States in connection with the Trent difficulty, he resigned his appointment, and was selected for command of the field com- pany of Royal engineers, first for active ser- vice, to proceed to Canada. The troop-ship carrying the Royal engineers and a battalion of the Scots guards, being caught in the ice while endeavouring to land the troops at Riviere du Loup, in the early part of Janu- ary, 1862, escaped with great difficulty, and was compelled to return and disembark the troops at St. John, N. B. No railway being at that time in existence, the troops made the winter march from St. John to Riviere du Loup in the latter part of January, and thence by rail to London, Ontario. In the summer of 1863 he made the return march with his company. Colonel Hewett was appointed Commanding Royal Engineer of Ontario, west of Toronto, with headquarters 640 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF uate of Trinity College, Dublin. Having come under deep religious convictions about the age of sixteen, the lad became a member of St. John's Presbyterian church, Brock- ville, and resolved to prepare for the minis- try. He matriculated in Queen's Univer- sity, Kingston, in October, 1860, and at- tended classes in arts in the college, taking the degree of B. A. in April, 1863. He com- menced the study of theology in the autumn of the same year, and continued till the spring of 1866, when he took the degrees of M.A. and B.D. During the two preceding summers, he had laboured as a missionary in Laprairie and Owen Sound. Upon the 18th of June, 1866, he was licensed to preach the gospel by the Presbytery of Perth, and in the autumn of the same year he went to Scotland to prosecute his studies in the University of Edinburgh, giving atten- tion chiefly to philosophy, in which he was greatly interested when at Queen's. There he took the degree of Doctor of Science (D.Sc.), in the department of mental philos- ophy, in the spring of 1867 ; and he re- turned to Canada during the summer. In the autumn of 1867, Dr. Jardine was ap- pointed professor of rhetoric and mental and moral philosophy in the University of New Brunswick, which position he held for two years. In the summer of 1869 he went to Scotland for his holidays, and, during a walking tour in the Highlands, fell in with the Rev. Dr. Norman Macleod, of Glasgow, who had lately returned from India. By him he was induced to go as a missionary to India, and was appointed principal of the General Assembly's institution in Bombay, with instructions to add a college depart- ment if possible. In December, 1869, he proceeded to Scotland, en route for India, and, having received final instructions from the Foreign Mission Committee of the Church of Scotland, he was ordained as a minister by the Presbytery of Glasgow, on the 5th January, 1870, and soon there- after started for India, via Marseilles, Alex- andria, and the Red sea, reaching Bombay on the 12th February, 1870. He com- menced work at once in the missionary institution there, but found that the pros- pects of organizing a college faculty were not promising. Having remained in Bom- bay one year, he was ordered to Calcutta, to assume the principalship of the General Assembly's College there, vacated by the death of Rev. Dr. Ogilvie, who had held it for twenty-five years. There he remained for six years. The institution (school and college) grew rapidly, numbering eventually more than one thousand pupils. It was affiliated with the University of Calcutta, and annually passed a considerable number of matriculants, as well as graduates (B.A. and M.A.); and its history is one of very considerable interest, having been originally founded by Dr. Duff, who, at the disruption in 1843, vacated it and founded another. It was missionary in character, Christian in- struction being given in all the classes, and it, along with other similar institutions, has exercised a wide and powerful influence in revolutionizing Hindu thought and life. In addition to his duties connected with the college, he gave attention to other mission- ary work, and aided the Bengali Christians connected with the mission in organizing themselves into a congregation, and building a church. He was associated frequently with the other missionaries of Calcutta in friendly conference, and was present at the general missionary conference at Allahabad in the winter of 1872-3, where he read a paper upon the Brahma Samaj. In the summer of 1876 he wrote a series of letters to Eng- lish-speaking Hindus upon important reli- gious subjects, which were published. An edition of five thousand copies was issued, and nearly all sold during the course of pub- lication. The letters, bound together in a volume of two hundred and twenty-four pages, entitled, " What to Believe," were very favourably received. His work of a more general educational and literary char- acter, while in Calcutta, was of considerable importance. He was a frequent contributor to the Calcutta Review and other local papers; was appointed every year as an examiner for degrees in the University of Calcutta; and had the honour of an appointment by the governor-general as a Fellow of the Uni- versity, thus having a permanent seat in the University Council. On the 16th Feb- ruary, 1877, he left Calcutta for Scotland, on furlough, where he spent some months, preaching and lecturing occasionally. He was employed lecturing at the four Scottish Universities during the winter of 1877-8, upon " Comparative Theology," from a missionary stand-point. After some time spent in Scotland, where he preached for a few months in Dalbeattie, and took charge of the Park Church, Glasgow, in the ab- sence of the Rev. Dr. Donald Macleod, its pastor, for three months, he returned with his family to Canada. He had been offered special inducements by the Foreign Mission Committee to return to Calcutta, but, on account of the health of himself and his wife in India, decided not to go. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 641 He was called to St. Andrew's Church, Chat- ham, New Brunswick, and settled there in February, 1879, where he remained for two years and four months in charge of that large congregation. He was called, early in 1881, to St. John's Church, Brockville, where he settled on the 1st of May of that year. The year following, the church was enlarged to double its former capacity. He has been a member of the Foreign Mission Committee of the Presbyterian church in Canada ever since his return, and has been for two years convener of the Sabbath school committee ; and also a member of the board of trustees of Queen's College. Rev. Dr. Jardine is a man of marked enthusiasm and force of character. Upon his congregations he has execised an altogether unusual influence ; and some of the sermons that he has preached have been among the most thoughtful and strik- ing ever delivered from a Canadian pulpit. While the soundest of churchmen, his views are remarkable for their liberality, for their independence, and for their enlightenment. Likewise, too, Rev. Dr. Jardine has pub- lished works of a high and permanent value, but the most remarkable of his books is, " The Elements of the Psychology of Cog- nition," brought out by Macmillan & Com- pany, and which has gone through several editions since its first appearance in 1874. This work may be regarded as an elementary text-book, and though the subject on which it treats is seemingly not one to arouse en- thusiasm, yet the doctor has made a dry subject readable, and a profound one within the range of general comprehension. The work has been very favourably received by the press, having called forth elaborate criticisms from many of our most capable pens. On October 27th, 1873, Rev. Dr. Jardine married, in Calcutta, Agnes Hunter, eldest daughter of John Hunter, of Glas- gow, a retired manufacturer, since deceased. There have been three sons and one daugh- ter by this union. Kirkland, Thomas, M.A., Principal of the Normal School, Toronto, was born near Tanderagee, County of Armagh, in the north of Ireland, on the 12th of August, 1835. He is a son of Thomas and Anne (Bradshaw) Kirkland, his father being a thrifty farmer. Thomas received his early education at the parish school, which was very inferior in those times. At the age of fifteen years he was appointed teacher of the Corlust National School, and after holding that position for one year was selected by the inspector for training in the Normal School, Dublin. After going through the usual course of training at that institution, he spent some time at the Albert National Agricultural Training Institution, Glas- nevin, near Dublin, studying the theory and practice of agriculture. Having completed the course at Dublin he entered Queen's College, Belfast, as a student of civil engi- neering. While pursuing his studies there he contracted an illness, and was advised to seek a dryer climate. While in the Normal School, Dublin, he attracted the notice of Archbishop Whately, then chair- man of the Commissioners of National Edu- cation in Ireland, and from him received a letter of introduction to the Rev. Dr. Ryerson. He came to Canada by the way of New York in the summer of 1854, cross- ed from Rochester to Cobourg, and in order to see the country took the stage to Toronto. He arrived at Oshawa on a Saturday night, and determined to remain there until Mon- day morning ; but while there he heard two of the trustees of the Central School lamenting the illness of the assistant master. He offered his services and was engaged to teach at a salary of $320 till the end of the year. The next year he was ap- pointed principal at a salary of $500. He left Oshawa for Whitby at the beginning of 1857, and left Whitby the following year to become mathematical master in the Barrie Grammar school. While Mr. Kirkland was in Barrie the pupils greatly distinguished themselves in mathematics ; the last year carrying off both the mathe- matical scholarships. Mr. Kirkland ma- triculated in the University of Toronto, in 1859, obtaining a scholarship in mathemat- ics, and honors in all subjects. He pursued his studies in University College for three years. In 1863 he was appointed principal of the Whitby High school, which position he held till 1871. During his principalship a large number of the students distinguished themselves at the Toronto University. Many of these are now filling important educa- tional positions. Amongst these are Pro- fessor Panton, M.A., Agricultural College, Guelph ; principal Goggins, Normal school, Winnipeg ; principal Dickson, M. A., Upper Canada College ; principal Carscadden, M. A., Galt Collegiate Institute ; John E. Bryant, M.A., editor of Educational Weekly, and a large number of others who are now occu- pying prominent places in other professions. In 1871 Mr. Kirkland was selected by Dr. Ryerson to fill the position of science master in the Toronto Normal School, which posi- tion he held till the close of 1884, when, A CYCLOPEDIA OF 642 on the resignation of Dr. Davies, he was appointed principal. Mr. Kirkland was one of the first elective members of the senate of the University of Toronto, and he has been for many years a member of the senate of Knox College. He is a director of the Upper Canada Bible Society; and for ten years occupied the chair of general chem- mistry and physics in the Trinity Medical School, Toronto, and during the same period was lecturer on Botany in this institution. He married in 1863, Jane Todd, eldest daughter of the Rev. Dr. Thornton, of Oshawa. Mr. Kirkland has published a work on statics, which has been authorized by the Education department of Ontario, and the Education department of Manitoba. He is joint author of Kirkland and Scott's arithmetic and Hamblin Smith's arith- metic, authorized by all the provinces in the Dominion, also of McLellan and Kirk- land's examination papers in arithmetic, and of several articles in educational period- iC&Charterl8, Charles George, Chat- ham, Ontario, was born on the 25th July, 1828, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and is the youngest son of Charles Chatteris, of Culli- vait House, in the same county, by his wife, Diana, daughter of John Reed, of Craggs, Northumberland, England. The Charteris family is a very ancient one in the annals of Dumfriesshire,-the Charteris, of Amisfield, who are believed to have been originally French, having settled in Scotland in the reign of Malcolm IV. (1153), more than seven centuries ago. A large tract of land in Dumfriesshire was granted to. the family for important services to the king, and a portion of this land is still in the possession of some of the descendants. The following may prove interesting in connection with the ancient history of the family. On the night of April 4th, 1608, James VI. slept at Amisfield, on his way to England, and the bed on which the king slept on this occa- sion is still preserved in the Museum of Antiquities in Edinburgh ; as also a door on which a hero of the Charteris family is represented in the act of tearing the jaws of a lion asunder, the same being the representation of an incident verified in the history of the family. Mr. Charteris's father was a captain in the 28th Light Dra- goons, and on the disbandment of that regi- ment, he became adjutant of the Dumfries- shire Yeomanry Cavalry. Charles George received his education in part at the High school of his native county, and at a pri- vate academy in Brampton, England. In his eighteenth year he set out to seek his fortune in the new world, and on reaching Chatham, was for a time employed in the establishment of Witherspoon & Charteris, general merchants and agents for the Gore Bank, his cousin, Alexander Charteris be- ing one of the partners. Five or six years later Mr. Charteris engaged in the lumber business with William Baxter, and continu- ed in the same until 1857, when he received the appointment of treasurer of Kent coun- ty. This office he still holds, and there is not in the province, if the testimony of the inhabitants of the county is to be accepted, a more popular and capable official. Mr. Charteris has had a conspicuous career in municipal politics. He sat for two terms in the town council; was the second mayor of Chatham (1857). and acted for a period as chairman of the Board of School Trustees. In numerous ways he has rendered good ser- vice to the community, and has always had the progress of his adopted place and the people at heart. Mr. Charteris is a staunch Reformer of much local influence, and his religious tenets are those of Presbyterianism. He was at one time agent for the Bank of Upper Canada at Chatham, and was retain- ed in the disposal and management of its real estate in Kent county. He married on the 25th December, 1849, Elizabeth, daughter of William Baxter, and by this lady has had a family of eight children. Five of these sur- vive, three sons and two daughters. Bowman, Israel David, Berlin, Ontario, was born in 1830, in the township of Waterloo, now the County of Waterloo. He is a son of Henry Baer Bowman, a na- tive of Pennsylvania, U.S., who came to Upper Canada in 1825, and Judith Bauman a native of Ontario, I. D. Bowman was educated at Rockwood Academy, and took there a commercial course. He was reeve of the town of Berlin in 1858, and was ap- pointed county clerk for the County of Waterloo in 1861, and county treasurer in 1880, and has held these offices continuously since the dates of his appointment. Mr. Bowman is a member of the Church of Eng- land. He married in 1864, Angelina L., daughter of John U. Tyson, of Pennsyl- vania. By this marriage there were three children. The eldest son is studying civil engineering and surveying, and received a diploma in civil engineering from the To- ronto University in 1885. He is a member of K company of the Queen's Own, and accompanied that corps to Battleford and other points during the late rebellion in the North-West. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. Howland, William II., Mayor of the City of Toronto, was born at Lambton Mills, in the County of York, in the year 1844. His parents [Vide sketch of Sir W. P. Howland, page 301 of this volume], were of Puritan stock, and settled in Canada in 1830. William received, his earlier education in the Toronto Academy, where he made rapid progress ; and in 1855 was transferred to Upper Canada College, and subsequently went to the Model Grammar school, where he remained until he was sixteen years of age. As a learner he was indefatigable, and was always known as a solid, all-round scholar, sure to stand well in the general proficiency record. His popularity with his school-fellows was great, as his natural abil- ity was unaccompanied by any shade of ar- rogance or assumed superiority, while his kindliness and manliness were admired by all. In 1860, when Sir W. P. Howland en- tered public life, his sixteen-year-old son took a place in the large business institution of which that gentleman was head. The steady and persevering lad at once found himself at home in his new sphere of life, and speedily developed business talents that have ever since kept him a successful and prominent member of the mercantile com- munity. In 1872, he organized the Queen City Insurance Company, of which he was elected president, being the youngest man who ever assumed such a position in this country. This position he still retains, as well as a similar one in the Hand-in-Hand Insurance Company and Canadian Lloyd's, all of which have prospered remarkably un- der his guidance. He is also vice-president of the Millers and Manufacturers' Company. For two years he was president of the To- ronto Board of Underwriters, and has also been an executive officer of the Dominion Manufacturers' Association and of the To- ronto Board of Trade. Politically, Mr. Howland has always been remarkably inde- pendent in his views. He is a warm sup- porter of the national policy of Sir John A. Macdonald, and with equal zeal stands by the Hon. Mr. Mowat's government. In company with W. A. Foster, W. B. Mc- Murrich and other independent thinking young politicians, he formed the Canada First party, on a platform then looked upon as somewhat chimerical, but which has since been adopted in its main features by prominent leaders of both the present political parties. In relation to philan- thropic work Mr. Howland has not been an idle spectator, and has already devoted a great deal of his time and means to 643 helping to make the world better. His at- tention was first turned to the temperance question when the Dunkin Act was sub- mitted to the electors of Toronto in the year 1877. He then carefully examined the whole question, came to the conclusion that the arguments against the liquor traffic were sound and wise, accepted the situation, be- came both a total abstainer and a prohibi- tionist, and at once threw his energies into the organized temperance and prohibition work in which he has since played so promi- nent a part. The following year he was ap- pointed by the Ontario government a mem- ber of the Trust Board of the Toronto hos- pital, of which he acted as chairman until 1879. He succeeded in raising the manage- ment of that institution to a point of effi- ciency that it had never before attained. A large amount of property was secured, and $100,000 invested in permanent improve- ments, some of the most important of which were the Eye and Ear Infirmary, the Fever Hospital and the Lying-in Hospital. But one of Toronto's prominent monuments of Mr. Howland's enterprise and benevolence will be the Industrial School. Fifty acres of ground have been secured for this at Mimico ; $17,000 of money has already been raised ; building operations have been com- menced and will be completed during the present year. There will be accommodation for 200 boys, who will be drawn from that class with whom ordinary school-teachers usually find it very difficult to deal. Pend- ing the completion of the building, a tem- porary truant school has been established, with an average attendance of seventy pupils. This sorely needed effort in the in- terests of a much neglected class has, how- ever, no exclusive place in the sympathies of this noble worker. He is chairman of the executive committee of the Prisoner's Aid Association, and superintendent of a very interesting Sunday-school in the Mercer re- formatory ; and he also takes a very deep interest in the Toronto mission union, founded by ardent Christian workers, to provide religious instruction and privileges for a large class of the community that had before stayed entirely outside all church or- ganizations. Socially, Mr. Howland is a great favourite. Kind-hearted, approach- able and unassuming, he at once wins a con- fidence that remains unshaken. In 1873, Mr. Howland married Laura Chipman, sister of the wife of Sir Leonard Tilley, lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, and a family of three girls is the fruit of this union. 644 A CYCLOPAEDIA 01 Casgrain, Abbe Henry Raymond, a distinguished French Canadian writer, was born at Riviere Ouelle, in the Province of Quebec, on the 16th of December, 1831. He is doctor of literature at Laval University ; member of the Royal Society of Canada ; corresponding member of the Geographical Society of Paris, France; corresponding member of the Royal Academy of Pisa, Italy ; corresponding member of the Histo- rical Society of Boston, and member of the American Historical Association. He is the son of the Honourable Charles Eusebe Casgrain, barrister, late delegate of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, member of the special counsel of the same province, and assistant commissioner of public works. His mother was Eliza Ann Baby. His paternal family are originally from Ervault, in the ancient province of Poitou, in France. The first of this name who came to Canada about 1750 was Jean Baptiste Casgrain, an officer of the French army. His son, Pierre Casgrain, was lord of Riviere Ouelle and the island, and was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. On his mother's side L'Abbe Casgrain is de- scended from one of the oldest families of Nouvelle France. The first ancestor who came to this country, Jacques Babie, was an officer in the regiment of Larignau-Saliers, who disembarked at Quebec in 1665; he was the son of Jean Babie, lord of Rainville and Isabeau Robin ; his father and mother were from Monttou, not far from Mer- mandes, France. His descendants are al- ways numbered among the most remarkable families of Canada. The great-grandfather of Madame Casgrain, Jacques Duperon Baby, settled in Detroit at the beginning of the last century, and served as an officer in the Canadian militia during the war of the conquest. (See Parkman's " Conspiracy of Pontiac," and "Montcalm and Wolfe.") At his death he was judge in the City of De- troit. One of his sons, the Honourable Jacques Duperon Baby,speaker of the Legis- lative Council of Upper Canada, was the father of Madame Casgrain. The Abbe Casgrain, after having pursued a course of classical studies at Ste. Ann's College, Prov- ince of Quebec, for a short time, studied medicine, afterwards adopted an ecclesiasti- cal career, took his theological course at the Quebec seminary, and was ordained a priest on the 5th of October, 1856. He was suc- cessively professor at Ste. Ann's College un- til 1859, vicar of Beaufort, and afterwards at Quebec Cathedral from I860 to 1873. The Abbe travelled in Europe in 1858, and again in 1867, in quest of historical ma- terials ; and returned there in 1873. He passed the winters of 1880 and 1881 in Louisiana, was at Florida in 1882, and ar- rived at the island of Cuba in 1885. These extended travels were of inestimable value in Abbe Casgrain's literary labours. He was obliged to retire from the active minis- try in 1874, owing to a serious affection of the eyes. His permanent residence is at Quebec. His first literary effort, " Legends Canadien," was published at Quebec in 1861, by J. F. Brousseau, printer. This pretty volume is printed in elegant European style, and contains three legends, of which two have been published in the Courrier du Ca- nada, and reproduced in Europe, as has already been made known at the Abbe's lectures. The third is filled with the last reminiscence of " Soires Canadiennes: Le Tableau de la Riviere Ouelle," the " Pron- niers," and " La Jougleuse," are interesting accounts of the adventures of the first set- tlers in the earliest days of the colony. They are written in a glowing and fine style, and form a complete and charming group of poetry, of which the value is fully appreci- ated by those who know the beautiful par- ishes south of the St. Lawrence river below Quebec. Brought up amidst these grand sites, of a Christian family and distinguished society, the Abbe Casgrain has retained a touching remembrance of these beautiful rural scenes, and of past events which amused him in infancy. A voyage to Europe made later on, as he relates in a sort of pro- logue to his last legend, revealed to him the literary value of his remembrances, and in- duced him to write them. Owing to these happy circumstances, literature has been en- riched by the publishing of this agreeable volume, " Journal of Public Instruction." His next work, " L'Historic de la Marie de VIncarnation," appeared in 1864, and was published by Desbarats. There was also a second edition in 1865 ; the third, in 1873, by C. Darveau ; and a fourth, in 1882, by L. Brousseau. This remarkable book was translated into German by the Abbe Geiger, of Munich, Bavaria, and published at Ratis- bon in 1873. Of the many merited eulo- giums passed by the highest authorities on this great literary performance, our space will only permit quoting the following :- " This is certainly the handsomest work we have yet seen from the Canadian press, and well deserves its dress. The Teresa of New France, whose biography her son portrayed in the 17th century, and Charleveil in the 18th, had her claims upon the 19th ; and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 645 Canada, in one of her most gifted sons, a litterateur of exquisite taste, of rich and classic language, pays the tribute of his country to the heroine whose exalted piety and devotion can rouse even the sons of the Puritans to admiration. Mr. Casgrain weaves into his narrative all the grace and beauty of style called for in our day, with- out neglecting the accuracy of historical de- tail or the pious element, the omission of which, as a pervading atmosphere in such a life, would be a misconception of the sub- ject. "-American Historical Magazine (N.Y). "For this work l'Abbe Casgrain has re- ceived a medal from His Holiness the Pope in recognition of its literary merits. This talented author has done much towards creating a correct taste in literature and the arts amongst his countrymen, and is re- garded as one of the most finished writers which the French Canadians possess."- Bibliotheca Canadensis. Of the Abbe's nu- merous biographies, reviews, criticisms, etc., the thoughtful reader will be amply repaid by purchasing his " (Euvres Completes," at present being published by Beauchemin & Valois, St. Paul Street, Montreal. The greater number of reviews and journals of France have shown their appreciation of the Abbe Casgrain's books. The Parisian critics agree in saying that his " Historic d'Hotel Dieu de Quebec," as well as " Me Paroisse Canadienne au xvii. erne Siecle;' which were written after his talents had matured, are the best of his works. The former has made known a number of facts in the his- tory of Canada before ignored ; the second includes and has searched deeply into the first trials of colonization under the feudal system during the old regime. To give a full and adequate sketch of the Abbe Cas- grain's life and works would require vol- umes, instead of pages. His countrymen, especially French Canadians, ought to be very proud that a star of such brilliancy and magnitude has in our time illumined the literary firmament. Stephenson, Rufus, Chatham, ex- M.P. for Kent, Ontario, was born at Spring- field, Massachusetts, on the 14th January, 1835. He is a son of Eli and Chloe (Chapin) Stephenson. His mother was descended from Deacon Samuel Chapin, a Puritan, who came to Roxbury, now part of Boston, Massachusetts, prior to 1640, and settled at Springfield, in the same state, in 1642. The descendants of Deacon Chapin are numer- ous, and include Judge Henry Chapin ; A. L. Chapin, D.D., president of Beloit college, Wisconsin; the Hon. Moses Chapin, Hon. Wm. H. Seward; Henry Ward Beecher; Dr, J. G. Holland, late editor of the Century; R. D. Hitchcock, and other eminent men. In September, 1862, a meeting of Deacon Samuel Chapin's descendants was held at Springfield, Massachusetts; and between two and three thousand of the same were present. The grandfather of Rufus Steph- enson came from Lancashire, England, and belonged to that branch of the family from which sprung George and Robert Stephen- son, so famous as railway engineers. His grandmother was of the Murphys of London- derry, north of Ireland. When Rufus was an infant the family removed to St. Cathar- ines, and where he afterwards attended the Grantham academy. His maternal uncle, the late Col. Eleazer William Stephenson, was prominent as one of the promoters of the scheme for the construction of what is now known as the Welland canal, and he was one of the directors associated with the late William Hamilton Merritt, of the Welland Canal Company. Colonel Stephenson was connected prominently with many other enterprises which tended largely to develop the interests of the Niagara district. We may add that it was Colonel Stephenson who es- tablished the first Royal mail stage-coach line through Upper Canada from Niagara to Detroit ; and in later years he was intimate- ly connected with the following well-known and enterprising Canadians : Messrs. Tay- lor, Chatham ; Segar, London ; Babcock, Brantford ; Davis, Hamilton ; Haynes, St. Catharines ; Bernard, Toronto ; and Weller of Cobourg. Colonel Stephenson was killed by the running away of a pair of horses that he was driving. Rufus, his nephew, was in the carriage with him at the time, and narrowly escaped with his life. Rufus Stephenson learnt the trade of printer in the offices of the St. Catharines Journal; the Long Point Advocate, Simcoe ; and the British American, Woodstock. He went to Chatham in 1850 as foreman and associate editor of the office of the Kent Advertiser, but after a little while he took charge of the Chatham Planet, of which journal he be- came proprietor in 1854. He conducted this paper until 1878, when he disposed of it to his two oldest sons, Sydney and Ed- win Frederick Stephenson. While under the management of Rufus Stephenson the Planet was one of the very ablest journals in the province, always revealing much thought, originality and conspicuous vigour. Under the management of the sons, the ■paper continues to hold a high place among Canadian journals. Mr. Stephenson has 646 A CYCLOPEDIA OF been chairman of the common school board of Chatham ; chief engineer of the fire de- partment ; a member of the county board of public instruction ; member of the town council for twelve years ; a member of the county council for one term ; and mayor for three terms in succession, being elected twice by acclamation. He became captain of No. 2 company, 24th battalion of Volun- teer infantry in 1866, and has since retired with the rank of major. In 1867 he was elected to the first Dominion parliament for the County of Kent, and was re-elected in 1872, 1874 and 1878. In parliament he was an earnest, active worker, and he was a man of much influence. Some of the legislative measures initiated by him ■were that re- specting naturalized foreigners in the British colonial possessions, and the coast- ing relations with the United States and the navigation of inland waters. He was the author likewise of various other measures of public importance. In politics he was, and is, a staunch Liberal-Conservative. He is a Freemason, and has been secretary of lodge 46, Wellington. He married in 1854, Georgina Emma, eldest daughter of Thomas Andrew, barrister, formerly of London, England, and grand-daughter of Joseph Sparks, of the County of Kent, England, at one time a director of the East India Com- pany. There are by this union nine children, five sons and four daughters. The eldest son, Sydney, married Georgina Minty, of Woodstock, Ont.; and Chloe Eleanor, mar- ried B. H. G. Vicars, of Toronto. Leitch, James, Barrister, Cornwall, Ontario, was born on the 2nd June, 1850, at the South Branch, in the township of Cornwall, in the County of Stormont, On- tario, and is a son of William Leitch, who was born at Ardrossan, Ayrshire, Scotland. William Leitch came to Canada when six- teen years of age (1832), and served in the Stormont militia, under Col. Vankoughnet, during the rebellion of 1837-8. He followed the occupation of contractor on public works for a number of years, and finally settled down to farming in the township of Cornwall. He took an active part in muni- cipal affairs, and sat for a number of years in the council of the township of Corn- wall. His wife, James Leitch's mother, daughter of David Bryden, of Williams- town, was of Scotch extraction. James Leitch was educated at the common school of the neighbourhood in which he was born, and at the Williamstown and Corn- wall Grammar schools ; and under the private tutorship of J. Lawton Bradbury, late principal of the Cornwall Grammar school. He acquired most of his education in the winter months, being engaged in the work of his father's farm in the spring and summer. He was admitted a member of the Law Society of Ontario in Hilary term, 1871, and commenced the study of law, in Cornwall, with the late James Bethune. In 1872 he went to Toronto, and pursued his studies in the office of Crooks, Kings- mill & Cattanach, of which firm the late Hon. Adam Crooks, then treasurer of On- tario, was the head. He was called to the bar of Ontario in Easter term of 1876. Mr. Leitch commenced the practice of his profession in June, 1876, in the town of Cornwall, and after practising alone till February, 1877, entered into partnership with R. B. Carman, now junior judge of the united counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. Upon Mr. Carman's appoint- ment to the bench, Mr. Leitch entered into partnership with R. A. Pringle, under the firm name of Leitch & Pringle. Shortly after he commenced practice, Mr. Leitch was retained for the defence, in the Smith murder trial, and being largely instrumental in securing the acquittal of the prisoner, he established a reputation which at once brought him a large practice. He has been retained in some of the most important civil trials in the united counties of Stor- mont, Dundas and Glengarry Mr. Leitch was elected reeve of the town of Cornwall for the year 1884, and was a candidate for the wardenship of the united counties for that year, but was defeated by F. D. Mc- Naughton, by a majority of one vote. He was elected mayor of Cornwall, for the years 1885 and 1886, by acclamation. Upon taking office, the finances of the town being in an embarrassed condition, he at once formulated a scheme for the consolidation of the debt of the town, which, upon being submitted to the freeholders, was defeated by a small majority, but which was finally carried, upon a second vote being taken, by a large majority. He succeeded then in putting the finances upon a sound founda- tion. He likewise instituted and carried to a successful termination important drainage works in the town. He has been a High School trustee for several years, and takes much interest in educational affairs. He took an active part in promoting the pass- ing of a by-law raising $25,000 to build a new public school in the town of Cornwall. He married Elizabeth, third daughter of E. Strickland, merchant, Buckingham, on the 18th October, 1876. Mr. Leitch is a Pres- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 647 byterian, and is a Conservative in politics. He has taken an active part in promoting the temperance cause, as well as all other worthy public movements. He is a man of marked energy and conspicuous natural talent. There is, unquestionably, a future for him in a wider political field than he has so far occupied. Williams, Walter Scott, Napanee, was born in the County of Prince Edward, Ontario, on 24th May, 1833. His father, Isaac Williams, who was a son of Samuel Williams, was born in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. His mother was Charlotte, daughter of Moses Herrington, late of Wellington, in the County of Prince Edward, Province of Ontario, who was born at Albany, N.Y. Walter was educated at Fairfield Academy, N.Y., and Victoria College, Cobourg. He studied law with the Hon. Lewis Wall- bridge, who is now chief justice of Mani- toba, and also with D. B. Read, Q.C., Tor- onto. fie resided in Belleville, up to 1863, when he removed to Napanee. Mr. Wil- liams has always taken a prominent part in all public undertakings which would help to advance the welfare of Napanee. He saw the advantage to the town of a railway to the north, that would open up the back country, rich in iron and other minerals, and bring to it its products, and thence orig- inated the Napanee, Tamworth and Quebec Railway. It was mainly through his efforts that the different municipalities voted bonuses to build the road. He has been its secretary since its incorporation in 1879. In 1874, he was elected mayor of Napanee, and he filled that important post so ably that his fellow townsmen re-elected him in the years 1875 and 1876. As a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars, perhaps, more than anything else, Mr. Williams has earned a world wide reputa- tion. He entered that order in 1867, and itwas not long before the Grand Lodge elected him grand worthy chief templar, the highest office in its gift; and also one of its repre- sentatives to the Right Worthy Grand lodge, which held its meeting in London, England, in 1873. At that meeting he was elected right worthy grand secretary of the Supreme Grand Lodge, which office he held consecu- tively until May 26, 1880. At the session of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge, held in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1876, occurred a large secession from that body under the leadership of the grand worthy chief templar of England, on the pleathat coloured people were refused admittance to the order. It was in this emergency that the subject of our sketch by his zeal, financial help, and business tact and energy helped to stem the tide of secession and save the order, that his name became a household word in the homes of its members, throughout the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, India, and wherever this world wide order had planted itslodges. Napanee through him thus became known as the headquarters of the order, and representatives from all parts of the world have visited it, and received his hospitality. He is a member of the Masonic lodge in Napanee, and of the Royal and Oriental Rites of Freemasonry, as well as of the For- esters, and other societies. He has travelled considerably, having visited Great Britain, and the continent, most of the states of the Union, and the different provinces of the Dominion. In politics he is an independent Reformer, and not bound to party. In re- ligion he is a Methodist. He is United States consular agent at Napanee, having been commissioned by President Arthur on 21st October, 1882, and he is agent for the Western Canada Loan and Savings Com- pany of Toronto. Mr. Williams married Elmora Lydia, daughter of J. S. Huffman, of Sidney, County of Hastings, Ontario, on the 19th day of January, 1857, and has a family of four daughters. Cleary, James Vincent, D. D., Bishop of Kingston, Ontario, was born on the 18th day of September, 1828, in Dungarvon, a seaport town in the county of Waterford, Ireland, which was for several centuries a parliamentary borough, but lost this privi- ege last year by the new Distribution of Seats act. He is a son of Thomas Cleary and Margaret O'Brien, both natives of Dun- garvan. James Vincent Cleary received his elementary education in a select private school of his native town. The English course embraced Grecian, Roman and Eng- lish history, which were extensively and accurately taught; also mathematics and literary composition. The Latin and Greek classics, prose and verse, were studied more diligently in that and similar private schools in Ireland in those days than in many col- leges of high repute at the present time. At fifteen years of age, having completed the English and classical curriculum of studies in the Dungarvan school, he was sent by his parents to Rome for his ecclesi- astical education. It was a long journey from Ireland to Rome, undertaken by so young a boy, when the mode of conveyance, everywhere outside England, was the old stage-coach, called in France the diligence. 648 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF The journey that now may be made in four short days and nights was not accomplished by this hardy young Levite without twenty days of weary travelling and much discom- fort on land and sea. Pope Gregory XVI. then wore the tiara, and Dr. Cullen, subse- quently Cardinal Archbishop of Dublin, was rector of the Irish college in Rome, to which the subject of this notice was ad- mitted as an aspirant to the priesthood. Here he devoted himself with ardour to the study of languages and afterwards to phil- osophy. Sir Robert Peel, the prime minis- ter of England, carried a bill through par- liament in the year 1845, increasing the en- dowment of Maynooth college, near Dublin, to £26,000 a year. This being an exclusively ecclesiastical seminary, in which every catholic bishop in Ireland had the right of placing a certain number of pupils, the Bishop of Waterford, to whom James Vincent Cleary was subject, recalled the latter from Rome, and placed him in the Royal College of Maynooth. Here he passed five years in the pursuit of ecclesias- tical sciences : philosophy, history, dogmatic and moral theology, Scriptural exegesis and canon law, constituted the curriculum. He won the highest prizes of the college in each department of study. His course in May- nooth having been completed in five years, he received the order of deaconship, which bound him irrevocably to the ecclesiastical state, and he returned home to Dungarvan in June, 1851, being still too young to be admitted to the priesthood. In the follow- ing September, the day after he had com- pleted his twenty-third, year, which is the prescribed age, he was ordained priest, in his native town, at the hands of the Bishop of Waterford, and immediately proceeded to Spain, where he entered the famous Uni- versity of Salamanca, for the further storing of his mind with sacred science. In 1854 he was summoned home by his bishop to occupy the chair of dogmatic theology and scriptural exegesis in St. John's college, Waterford. Soon his health gave way un- der the strain of excessive labour, and for some years he was compelled to relax his studies, and confine himself to the narrowest limits of professional work. In 1863 he had, however, sufficiently regained physical strength to enable him to go through an ex- ceptionally severe ordeal. The Irish Catho- lic hierarchy had been half a score of years endeavouring to obtain from the British government a charter for the university founded by them at the bidding of Pope Pius IX, for the higher education of the Catholic youth in Ireland, in opposition to the Queen's college, which had been not long established by royal charter, on the principle of non-religious education. It had been objected that the Pope's university was an unchartered institution, without graduates or the faculty to create them. To meet this argument, the bishops re- solved to exercise the papal charter of con- ferring theological degrees, and making a public demonstration in connection with it. The rector was authorized to search out some ecclesiastic capable of taking the criti- cal position of candidate for doctor of divinity, and such candidate was obliged to undergo a public examination in the entire curriculum of Catholic theology be- fore friend and foe for three successive days in the hall of the Catholic univer- sity. The professor of dogmatic the- ology in St. John's college, Waterford, was selected. A series of propositions, em- bracing all the great truths of Christian revelation were printed and forwarded to all the colleges and the eminent divines of the country, with an invitation to every one to come and oppose the candidate's theses. For three days the trial of strength con- tinued, the candidate not knowing who his objectors each day should be, or what theses they came prepared to controvert until he found himself face to face with them before the great assembly of the learned. The profoundest interest was excited by this in- tellectual contest, such as had not been wit- nessed in Ireland since the Reformation. On the third day all the bishops of Ireland were present, and amid enthusiastic plaudits the Rev. James Vincent Cleary was solemn- ly decorated with the cap and ring and other insignia of the doctorate in divinity, by authority of Pope Pius IX, and the sen- ate of the Catholic University of Ireland. Degrees have been conferred on some others by the same university since 1863 ; but not with anything like the same severity of test or solemnity of circumstances, academical or political. In 1873 Dr. Cleary was ap- pointed to the office of president of the Waterford college, and he did much to elevate the standard of studies in that centre of ecclesiastical learning. Concurrently with his college duties, which were onerous, he filled the post of doctrinal expositor in the Cathedral of Waterford, and acquired distinction as a preacher. Bishops of neigh- bouring dioceses not unfrequently invited him to occupy their pulpits ; and on the oc- casion of the consecration of the Most Rev. Dr. Power, the present bishop of Water- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 649 ford, he was elected the preacher of the day, to expound the duties and rights and re- quirements of the episcopal office in pres- ence of an immense assemblage of bishops and clergy and laity, gathered from all parts of the province. In 1875 Dr. Cleary was chosen by his bishop as consulting theologian to accompany his lordship to the National synod of the Irish Catholic hierarchy, held in the College of Maynooth, under the presidency of Cardinal Cullen. In the synod he was appointed by the body of bishops to the important post of secre- tary to the committee that had to deal with faith, its dogma and dangers, and means of preservation and extension. In 1876 he was promoted to the living of Dungarvan, his native parish, and was accorded a most warm public welcome by the people who had known him from infancy and were proud of him. Dr. Cleary had never interfered in politics until his appointment to the incum- bency of Dungarvan. Here, however, it was deemed part of his duties to direct and control his parishioners in the discharge of what he propounded as a high conscientious obligation-the honest exercise of the suf- frage, on which the supreme interests of his country and religion depended. In this reference he published some letters which attracted considerable attention, especially those an ent the grave criminality of giving or accepting bribes in exchange for the suf- frage. His teachings on this subject are well remembered in all parts of Ireland. He went with the Irish national party, and succeeded in gathering his whole flock, with few exceptions, to act in concert with him and with one another. The result was shewn in the first parliamentary contest by the unseating of Henry Matthews, Q.C., an English catholic barrister of high legal distinction, who was member for Dungar- van when Dr. Cleary took possession of the parish, and was confident of reaching the English bench, could he but hold his seat for a few years and do service for his political party. Two years subsequently, parliament having been dissolved, Mr. Matthews again endeavored to capture the borough of Dungarvan, and again he was defeated by the united action of the parish priest and his parishioners in favour of a national candidate. This was in the spring of 1880. In September of the same year an order was received by Dr. Cleary from the Holy See appointing him Bishop of King- ston, in Ontario, Canada. He had no voice or option in the matter. He had not been consulted. Twice he remonstrated with the Roman authorities on the score of feeble health, and the danger of facing a Canadian climate, and his absolute unacquaintance with the condition of church affairs in King- ston. The sole reply received by him was an unconditional mandate to renounce his benefice in Ireland and go to the see of Kingston. He went straightway to Rome, and was there consecrated bishop on the 21st of November, 1880, in the chapel of the Propaganda, by his eminence Cardinal Simeoni, prefect of all the missions of thp Catholic world. The assistant bishops in the consecration were His Grace Arch- bishop Croke, of Cashel, and His Lordship Dr. Butler, bishop of Limerick. Six other Irish bishops and a large number of prelates from various countries took part in the ceremony. On the arrival of the Right Rev. Dr. Cleary in his Episcopal city of Kingston, he was the recipient of an ovation surpassing in grandeur and enthusiasm every popular demonstration of former times in that city. The Protestants joined with the Catholics in welcoming the new bishop. Although it was an unheard of innovation to bring a parish priest from Ireland for the government of a Canadian diocese-by the way the oldest diocese in the Dominion after Quebec-and persons were not want- ing to canvass the action of the Holy See in disregarding the supposed claims of native ecclesiastics, it is not a little remarkable that never did so numerous an assembly of bishops and priests appear at the installa- tion of any prelate as on this occasion. The archbishop and all the bishops of the ecclesiastical province of Toronto, the bishops of Montreal and Ottawa, and the leading dignitaries of their several districts united in the cathedral of Kingston on that day to witness the priests of the diocese paying homage and offering their canonical obedience to the stranger, whom not one of them had ever before laid his eyes upon, but who had come to them by the mandate of the Sovereign Pontiff, whom they ac- knowledged to be Christ's Vicar and the Ruler of the Universal Church. Most cer- tainly it constituted a visible proof, if such were wanted, of the living reality of the faith of Catholics in the divinely-ap- pointed order of the church. The Right Rev. Dr. Cleary holds aloof from Canadian politics. He deals with Conservatives and Liberals, as a friend of both, and it is im- possible to conjecture from his course of ac- tion which side he would take were he to engage in public affairs. In social gather- ings, and in questions of a purely benevo- 650 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF lent character, he takes his place at times among the men of action in Kingston, and has delivered some public addresses that have commanded reverent attention, and the applause of good men of all sections. He does not, however, conceal his senti- ments on the great Irish question that agi- tates England and Englishmen, the whole world over, with so much ferment. At a meeting held in the city hall of Kingston last autumn (1885), he stated Ireland's claim to self-government in a clear, candid and argumentative speech that excited the wrath of all anti-home rulers, and provoked the ire of the Orangemen of Kingston to such a degree that they held a counter- meeting to protest against it. The chief oc- cupation of Right Rev. Dr. Cleary is, how- ever, with the spiritual interests of his dio- cese. He is ever in motion through his missionary districts, conferring with his clergy and with committees of the laity, on the needs of their churches and congrega- tions and schools, rectifying abuses and ordering things anew for the advancement of religion and morality. He has established several new missions since his advent to the diocese, and has multiplied the clergy for the service of out-lying districts. He has founded convents and schools, and erected many new churches, some of which are models of architectural beauty. Priests are now resident among the people where a priest never resided before, and handsome and commodious presbyteries have been built for them by grateful parishioners. He is engaged at present in completing his noble cathedral exteriorly and adorning it interiorly. All the windows of his cathedral have been filled by him with stained glass of exquisite beauty of colour and design, ex- hibiting about one hundred tableaux of mysteries and miracles and parables in a regular series, which might well be desig- nated an illustrated Bible. Dr. Cleary speaks and writes many languages. He is conversant with Latin, Greek and Hebrew, the chief Biblical languages ; and, besides English, he is familiar with three other modern languages,-the Italian, Spanish, and French. MacArthur, Donald Alexander, Alexandria, Ont., was born on the 28th of October, 1836, in Charlotteburg, County of Glengarry, Ontario. His father, Alexander MacArthur, was a son of Charles MacArthur, a native of Lochaber, Inverness-shire, Scot- land, who came to Canada in 1786, and settled in Glengarry. Donald MacArthur, his great-grandfather, served under Came- ron, of Lochiel, and took part at the battle of Culloden, when Prince Charles Stuart's forces were defeated by the Duke of Cum- berland ; and his grandfather, Charles MacArthur, served at a later date in sup- pressing the Irish rebellion. On coming to Canada, his grandfather took up land, which he cleared, and on which he erected a home- stead, and on this is the residence of the subject of this sketch. Charles MacArthur died when his son, Alexander, was very young, and the latter was brought up by his brother John, who was an extensive lumber merchant at Kingston. After at- taining manhood Alexander settled on the homestead, marrying Mary, a daughter of John Macdonald, one of the United Empire loyalists. The issue of this marriage was nine sons and two daughters, of which family Donald Alexander is the third eldest. Like other loyalists, Alexander MacArthur, at the time of the rebellion of 1837-8, took up arms in defence of the government. He was gifted with a splendid constitution, and at this writing is still hale and in good health, though well advanced in life. Donald Alexander MacArthur re- ceived his early education in Cornwall, and took his classical course at the Alex- andria Grammar school. At the age of nineteen he left school, and thereafter for a time-till he was twenty-two-pursued the avocation of teacher in his native county. He then entered mercantile pursuits under the late A. S. Macdonald, of Alexandria, with whom he remained seven and a half years. He then formed a partnership with George Harrison, of Alexandria, the firm being known as Harrison & McArthur. This business was successfully carried on for five or six years, when Mr. McArthur dis- posed of his interest therein. In 1874 he commenced business for himself, and two years afterwards erected the handsome premises which he now occupies. In 1881 Mr. McArthur was one of the sub-committee of five, appointed by the board of directors for the building of the Canada Atlantic Railway, his confreres being John Rankin of Montreal; E. McGillivray, and C. H. Mackintosh of Ottawa; Saxon Casselman of Casselman, and Mr. Helmer of Russell. This committee made a contract with with D. C. Lindsay of Vermont, and it was ratified by the board, and has since been carried to its completion. In the fall of 1882 Mr. McArthur was nominated by the Conservative party for the representation of Glengarry in the local house, his opponent being James Rayside, the present member, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 651 who only succeeded in defeating him by the small majority of seventy votes. In January, 1885, he was elected reeve of Alexandria, defeating the then reeve, D. A. Macdonald. In 1886 he was elected reeve by acclamation, and subsequently, on the 26th of January, at the first meeting of the council, was chosen warden of the united counties of Stormont, Dundas, and Glen- garry. Mr. McArthur has always been a staunch Conservative, and is president of the Conservative Association of the County of Glengarry. In religion he is a Roman catholic, although that was not the faith Jof his ancestors. Hamilton, William L., Brockville, Inspector of Inland Revenue, Eastern On- tario, was born on March 26th, 1842, in the township of Tyendinaga, County of Hastings, Ontario. He is a son of Patrick and Mar- garet (Latchford) Hamilton. His father was born in the County of Antrim, Ire- land, and his mother in the County of Limerick. They were married in Canada, and were among the pioneers of the County of Hastings, having settled on a farm there in 1830, where our subject was born. W. L. Hamilton was educated at the public school of his native place, and at the County Grammar school, Belleville. Mr. Hamilton commenced life as a public school teacher, when fifteen years of age, and taught school for seven years, during which time he held a first-class certificate. When he aban- doned the profession he was head master of one of the public schools in Belleville. Mr. Hamilton was employed in the freight department of the Grand Trunk Railway as bookkeeper, at Belleville, Toronto and Detroit ; and he was engaged as assistant with a surveying party in the Madoc gold regions in 1867-8. He was for a number of years connected with the 49th Hastings rifle regiment, and at the time of his removal from Belleville was captain and quarter- master of the regiment. He commenced his official career in the Inland Revenue department at Belleville, in 1868. He was appointed deputy collector in 1873 ; collec- tor in 1879, and inspector for Eastern On- tario in 1882. Nor has this promotion been obtained through the pulling of political wires, but in recognition of the industry, zeal and thorough fitness of the man in the discharge of his duties. The only society with which Mr. Hamilton has been con- nected is that of ancient, free and accepted Masons, of which he has been an active member since 1865. He is a past master of Eureka lodge, No. 283, Belleville, and a past district deputy grand master of the Prince Edward district. He is a member of different branches of high grade Masonry, and holds the important office of grand min- ister of state of the Supreme Grand Council, A. & A. Scottish Rite, 33°, B. N. A., an Hon. VI° of the Rosicrucian society, and past grand representative general of the Sovereign Sanctuary of Royal and Oriental Freemasonry, 33°, 96°. *.90°. He is a mem- ber of the Church of England by birth and education, and adheres to that faith; and he has always been a staunch supporter of the Evangelical party. During the existence of the Church Association he was recording secretary of the Belleville branch. Mr. Hamilton looks upon the action of the Ritualistic party, as fraught with danger to the church ; and hence he is a zealous supporter of Wycliffe college. He married on November 3rd, 1869, Eliza Jane, second daughter of the late Thomas Beatty, of Peterboro', Ontario. There have been by this union three children, only one of whom, a daughter, is living. The lesson to be learned from the career of Mr. Hamilton is that there is much to be achieved by him who is industrious, and who never permits his hand to falter at the wheel. Bethune, Angus, Cornwall, Ontario, was born on the 8th November, 1816, at Charlotteburg, Co. Glengarry. His grand- father, Angus Bethune, was a sergeant in the royalist army during the revolutionary war, under Sir John Johnson, and was a native of Scotland. After the war he settled in Charlotteburg, the birth-place of our sub- ject, whose father was Duncan Bethune. The latter gentleman married Jane, daugh- ter of William Rose, of North Carolina, a gentleman of Scotch extraction. Duncan had somewhat of the military spirit of his sire, and served when very young in the war of 1812, in the corps known as the Glengarry Fencibles. In the troubles of 1837-8 he also saw service under Colonel Fraser, with the 1st Glengarry militia. Angus, the subject of the present memoir, received his education at the district school, at Williamstown, and for some time afterwards remained on the farm with his parents. He settled permanently in Cornwall in 1848, obtaining an appointment as deputy-sheriff, which office he held until 1862, when he resigned to enter the business of milling, which engaged his attention for a decade or more. In 1875 he accepted the position of surveyor and paymaster on the C.P.R., at Port Arthur, from the Macken- zie administration, in which capacity he ser- 652 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ved until 1879. In 1880 he was appointed police magistrate of the town of Cornwall, which office he still holds. In 1837-8 he served in the volunteer force, and was ap- pointed in 1855 ensign in the 1st Stormont militia. Mr. Bethune has for many years served in the council, and during the sixties was reeve of the town of Cornwall for sev- eral years. In 1871 and 1874 he was elected to fill the mayor's chair ; and was Warden of the united counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry in 1870. In politics Mr. Bethune is a Liberal of pronounced views, and although a strong supporter of Hon. Alex. Mackenzie, is no less in sympathy with the Hon. Edward Blake. In religion he is a staunch Presbyterian. Mr. Bethune married in 1839, Ann, daughter of John Mackenzie, of Charlotteburg, who held a commission in the war of 1812, and also in the rebellion of 1837-8, and was a son of Duncan Mackenzie, an officer who served in the royalist armies of 1776. The issue of this marriage was eleven boys and two girls, six of the former still living, and one of the latter. The best known of Mr. Beth- une's sons was the late James Bethune, Q.C., the accomplished scholar, able lawyer, single-minded politician, and Christian gen- tleman recently deceased. McDonald, Herbert Stone, Wood- lawn, Brockville, Judge of the County Court of the United Counties of Leeds and Gren- ville, was born on the 23rd February, 1842, at Gananoque, County of Leeds. He is a son of the Honourable John McDonald, who resided at Gananoque, and died there in September, 1860, having come to Canada in 1817. John McDonald was called to the Legislative Council of the former province of Upper Canada before the union, and again, upon the occasion of the union of the pro- vinces of Upper and Lower Canada, to the Legislative Council of Canada. He was of Scottish ancestry, his father, John Mc- Donald, and his mother, who was a Came- ron, having come to America from Perth- shire, Scotland, in the year 1787. The mother of our subject was Henrietta Maria Mallory, who is still living. Her maternal grandmother, Abigail Dayton, formerly Abigail Coggswell, became the wife of Col. Joel Stone, a U. E. loyalist, who is con- sidered to have been the founder of Gana- noque. Miss Mallory was an inmate of Col. Stone's house when John McDonald married her. Herbert Stone McDonald was educated at the Gananoque Grammar school, Queen's College Prepararatory school, and at Queen's College, Kingston. He graduated at Queen's University as B. A. in 1859, and as M.A. in 1861. In 1859 he commenced the study of law with A. N. Richards of Brookville (since then for some time lieutenant-governor of British Col- umbia), and concluded his course as an articled clerk with Richards & Jackson, of Toronto. He was called to the bar in Easter term, 1863, and in the same year commenced the practice of his profession at Brockville, as a partner of F. W. H. Chambers, then M.P.P. for Brockville. The partnership was dissolved in 1866, and H. S. McDonald continued to practise in Brockville until ap- pointed to the bench. He was appointed in 1863 as lieutenant of the Gananoque rifle company ; and in 1866 he was on active service at the epoch of the Fenian troubles. In the same year he was appointed pay- master of the 41st battalion Brockville rifles, and accompanied that regiment when it was ordered to Cornwall during the Fenian raid of 1870. Some years afterwards he re- tired with the honorary rank of major. In 1863 Mr. McDonald was elected a mem- ber of the first municipal council of the village of Gananoque. He was for some years a member of the joint Grammar and Common school board of trustees of Brock- ville. In 1867 he was appointed deputy- judge of the County Court of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, which ap- pointment was revoked in 1869. In 1870 and 1871 he was a member of the town coun- cil of Brockville ; and at the general elec- tion of 1871 was elected in the conservative interest, as member for the South Riding of Leeds, in the Legislative Assembly of On- tario. His political life ceased upon his'ap- pointment in the autumn of 1873, by the government of Sir J ohn A. Macdonald, to the office of junior judge of the County Court of the united Counties of Leeds and Grenville. The then judge (his Honour R. F. Steele), having died in January, 1875, Mr. Mc- Donald discharged all the duties of the judgeship until December, 1878, when he was elevated by the government of Sir John A. Macdonald to the office of judge of the County Court of the united Counties of Leeds and Grenville. In October, 1885, he was appointed under the Electoral Fran- chise Act of the Dominion, the revising offi- cer for the electoral districts of Brockville, South Grenville, North Leeds and Grenville, and South Leeds. In 1867, Mr. McDonald became a member of the Loyal Orange Asso- ciation, and in 1869 was elected junior deputy grand master of Ontario East; in 1870, he became senior deputy grand mas- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 653 ter, and in the same year, after the election of Mr. (now the Honourable) Mackenzie Bowell, to the grand mastership of British North America, and his resignation of the grand mastership of Ontario East, he suc- ceeded to the latter office, to which he was re-elected in 1871, 1872, and 1873. On the 12th July, 1872, Mr. McDonald laid the corner stone of an Orange hall, or building at Ottawa, upon which occasion he was pre- sented with a trowel. In 1873 he had charge, in the Ontario legislature, of the Orange in- corporation bills, which passed the house, but were reserved by the then lieutenant- governor. In the same year, in company with D'Arcy Boulton (now deceased), Mr. McDonald proceeded to Great Britain as one of the delegates to the Triennial Orange conference, which met in Glasgow, in July of that year. He addressed meetings of Orangemen, or in connection with Orange- ism, at Londonderry, Coleraine, Ballymena, Dublin, Portadown, Lurgan, Armagh, Ennis- killen, Birmingham and Liverpool. He ceased active connection with the Orange Associa- tion after his appointment to the bench in 1873, and subsequently obtained a certificate. At one time he was a member of Simp- son lodge of A. F. and A. Masons, of New- boro', Ontario, and proceeded to the degree of master mason ; but he withdrew from active membership some years ago. Also at different times he was a member of tempe- rance associations, and at present is con- nected with the Trinity Church of England Temperance Society of Brookville. Mr. Mc- Donald has been an active supporter of pro- hibition and the Scott Act, and besides ad- vocating and aiding the passage of that act in the united counties of Leeds and Gren- ville, has spoken in behalf of it in the coun- ties of Dundas, Carleton, Lanark, Hastings, Northumberland and Durham, and the cities of St. Thomas, Kingston, and St. Catharines. The Honourable John McDonald was an elder in the Presbyterian church, and in his youth Judge McDonald attended that church ; but when about seventeen years of age he commenced attending the Church of England, and in 1863 was confirmed in that church. He is an earnest and zealous member of the Evangelical school. He has been, since 1867, a member of the diocesan synod, and for some years has been a dele- gate to the provincial synod. He is now a member of the congregation of St. Paul's, Brockville (Rev. Dyson Hague, M.A., rec- tor), and a lay delegate from that congrega- tion to the synod of the diocese of Ontario. He married, on the 15th June, 1864, Emma Matilda, daughter of David Jones, of Brook- ville, registrar of the County of Leeds. Mr. Jones was the son of a U. E. loyalist, and was himself a barrister-at-law, and at one time a representative of the County of Leeds in the Upper Canada House of Assembly, and also at one time a Judge of the District Court of the Eastern District. He resigned the office of county registrar in 1864, and died at Brookville in 1870. His brother was Sir Daniel Jones, who was knighted during the reign of King William IV. He was, we believe, the first native born Canadian who received the honour of knighthood. Of the children of Judge and Mrs. McDonald two are living, viz., Katharine Henrietta and John Herbert. Guy Morville died an in- fant of one month old, and Muriel Adelaide died in September, 1885, aged within a few days of one year and nine months. Hobbs, William Richards, Lon- don, Ontario, was born in the parish of Aber- avon, County of Glamorganshire, Wales, England, in the year 1846 ; and is a son of Thomas and Mary Hobbs, of the same place. W. R. Hobbs was educated at Pros- pect academy, Shebbear, Devonshire, Eng- land, and came to Canada in the spring of 1869. Mr. Hobbs is senior member of the firm of Hobbs, Osborn & Hobbs, and their house transacts by far the largest wholesale general hardware business in Canada, west of Toronto and Hamilton, and imports more plate and sheet glass than any other firm in the Dominion. This firm's purchases of glass for the coming spring delivery will weigh from 1,000 to 1,200 tons. Good for- tune has attended the undertakings of the firm, and it is now master of a sound and profitable business, and one that is every day achieving a new growth. Mr. Hobbs has not allowed his business, extensive though it be, to completely absorb his at- tention ; he has taken a constant and a zealous interest in the promotion of the moral welfare of the community. Tem- perance has found in him a steadfast and a strong ally ; and he has been a total ab- stainer from his birth. He is president of the London Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation ; treasurer of the London Scott Act Committee ; and was a delegate to the the World's Convention of the Young Men's. Christian Association, held at Berlin, Ger. many, in 1884. He is an Oddfellow, and a member of the Masonic craft. His trav- els have been extensive, he having visited Europe, combining during his visits, busi- ness and recreation. Mr. Hobbs is, and always has been, a member of the Methodist 654 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF church, and to that communion belonged his parents and his grand-parents. He married in 1869, Anne Osborn, a native of England. Mr. Hobbs is a trustee of Queen's Avenue Methodist church. May, Samuel Passmore, M. D., C.L.H., Toronto, was born in Truro, Corn- wall, England, in 1828. He was educated at a private school, and his studies included the science of natural history, which em- braced the art of taxidermy. Mr. May came to this country in 1853 ; and, on landing at Quebec, was engaged by the Literary and Historical Society of that city to re-arrange their large and valuable mu- seum of mineralogy, geology, and zoology, and to prepare a scientific catalogue of the same. He completed the work in seven weeks, and received a written testi- monial and bonus, making a remuneration of ten pounds per week. He purposed collecting natural history specimens, and preparing a sketch of the fauna of Canada and the United States, but was induced by the Rev. Dr. Ryerson to take a position as clerk until the Normal School museum was founded, and was appointed Clerk of Lib- raries during the same year ; subsequently paintings, philosophical instruments, etc., were received for the museum. Mr. May had charge of the educational exhibit at Kingston, in 1856, which occupied one- quarter of the entire building. Referring to the exhibition, the Journal of Education, of September, 1856, said: "The artistic beauty of the arms of the Educational department attracted the attention of the committee on fine arts, who awarded to Mr. S. P. May, of the Educational de- partment, a prize and diploma, in consid- eration of the skill manifested by him in the execution of the design." A diploma was also given at the same time for his collection of natural history. From that time his name has been known in connection with all the educational exhibitions. The educational museum was arranged by Mr. May ; the philosophical department was largely increased ; popular lectures were given in various parts of the province ; and teachers visiting the museum were shown the use of the instruments. The follow- ing year (1857) Mr. May was appointed to establish meteorological observatories at the senior county Grammar schools, and to give instructions in the use of the instruments to the Grammar school masters. In 1858 he contributed " Birds and Mammals of Canada" in a Hand-Book of Toronto, which thoughtful and accurate work is still used as an authority on species found in Canada. In the same year Mr. May became connected with the medical department of Victoria College, was curator of the museum, lecturer on pharmacy, microscopy, &c. ; and gradu- ated as M.D. in 1863. From the inception to the close of the Educational depository Dr. May had charge of the same. In 1867 he established classes in chemistry at the Mechanics' Institute ; and, in acknowledg- ment of his interest, he was presented with a massive silver inkstand and an address, in which the students said : "We desire to thank you for the great interest you have manifested throughout the session for our advancement in the science of chemistry, and can assure you that the kind and gen- tlemanly manner in which you have con- ducted your class to the close of the term has been duly appreciated ; and we sincerely regret that our connection as teacher and pupils has come to a close." In 1869 Dr. May gave the first series of lectures on Chemistry undertaken by the Pharmaceu- tical Society at the Mechanics' Institute, and at the close of the course representatives of the class under his charge came forward and read an address to the distinguished gen- tleman, saying, among other things : "It becomes our pleasant duty, before taking leave of you at the close of the second ses- sion, on behalf of the members of the Phar- maceutical Society and Mechanics' Institute chemistry class, to express thus publicly our high appreciation of your services in imparting to us a knowledge of that most useful branch of the science." A very handsome clock, set in bronze and encased in a glass shade, accompanied the address. The examiner in connection with this so- ciety, Professor Croft, stated in his report that the papers of Dr. May's students, al- though they only attended evening classes, were quite equal to those of regular attend- ants at the university, Dr. May gave the first public exhibition of the electric light in Toronto in 1865, on that occasion lighting up Church street and the Music hall. Peo- ple from all parts of the city flocked to see the illumination, and the crowds stood dumbfounded as Dr. May illumined the great room with his " harnessed lightning." The newspaper reports of his exhibitions are very full and eulogistic ; and they describe the groups of persons gathered about the doctor, receiving shocks, or standing open- mouthed with wonder, at his clever exhi- bitions. Hamilton, hearing of the outburst of light in the Queen city, must needs have Dr. May take his batteries thither ; and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 655 when he appeared the citizens thronged out in congregations to see the latest wonders of science. At the time of the Trent affair, Dr. May was active in the formation of the Civil Service company, and was appointed surgeon ; subsequently he was gazetted as assistant surgeon of the Queen's Own bat- talion, He was present with the Queen's Own at Ridgeway, and his bravery on that occasion was the subject of much approba- tion, especially his courage, activity, and self- exposure in caring for the wounded during and after the battle. At the close of a demon- stration held in the drill-shed in Toronto, upon the return of the troops from the front, Lieut.-Colonel Durie, deputy A.A.G., presented Dr. May to General Napier, who thanked him for his services and devo- tion to the wounded, as well as for the gallantry exhibited by him upon the battle- field. In 1876 he was appointed by Hon. Mr. Crooks to take charge of the exhibit at the Philadelphia International Exhi- bition, and subsequently, on the arrival of Hon. Mr. Scott, then secretary of state, he assisted generally in the general ex- hibit of the Dominion. It was he who constructed designs for the arch, decor- ations, etc., and he also wrote the cata- logue of educational appliances. Dr. May received a diploma for his specimens of natural history on that occasion. He took part in all the educational meetings at the centennial, and was subsequently appoint- ed on the committee of the permanent ex- hibition, and one of the lecturers for the bureau of education. The following para- graph appeared in a leading Philadelphia newspaper at the time : " The exhibit is at present under the superintendence of Dr. S. P. May, of the Education department of Toronto. The doctor is a gentleman of large resources, full of suggestions, and his pet subject is education of the young. With his good-nature and easy manners, he is always ready to impart to all who. are interested in the subject his ample knowledge, which always proves a mine of wealth to the list- ener. He is equally capable of expounding the Ontario school system, which he repre- sents, or to give a vivid running commen- tary on the articles exhibited or represented, whether it be kindergarten, natural history, geography, or the various branches of phy- sics. He not only explains, but interests and instructs, and the throng that daily gathers around him during his short, descrip- tive lectures, is a proof of his popularity. " On Dr. May's return, he wrote a report for the commissioner of agriculture, of 239 pages. In 1877 he gave a public address on the exhibition at the annual meeting of the Ontario Agricultural Society, which was reproduced in a pamphlet, five thousand of which were printed for general circulation. Dr. May was appointed secretary for the Dominion at the Exposition Universal of 1878 ; and was awarded the gold medal as collaborateur of the food exhibit which won the grand prize. This collection was made by Dr, May, and chiefly prepared by him- self, consisting of food products, including fish, game, etc., which were fitted up to represent a market. He was also awarded a diploma for a new method of arranging natural history specimens in museums. He received the decoration of the Legion of Honour for his eminent services to the nation ; also the decoration of palm leaves, or officer of Academy, Paris. He received a medal from the French government in 1881; one thousand dollars worth of silver from the Ontario exhibitors ; and an ad- dress, gold watch, and jewellery, for Mrs. May, from visitors. He was appointed superintendent of the Mechanics' institutes and Art schools in 1880, and wrote a special report afterwards. In 1883 he wrote a catalogue for the museum of the Guelph Agricultural college ; and in 1884 prepared a descriptive catalogue for the Educational museum. Dr. May has lectured at Me- chanics' institutes on popular scientific sub- jects, and he has always been listened to with the profoundest attention. He has the happy gift of popularising and making full of interest everything that he touches. The institutes have increased 100 per cent., and evening classes have been established in fifty or sixty places where he has lec- tured. What art education has achieved under Dr. May will be understood from the fact that when he was put in charge of this department of our educational service there were only two public Art schools, while there are now five, with over seventy branch schools. He has been appointed by the Ontario government as their represen- tative at the Colonial Exhibition. The Educational Court, under his direction, will embrace the largest collection of edu- cational appliances and pupils' work ever exhibited by any one country. Education, art, and science, in Ontario, owe a deep debt to the wide gifts, the enthusiasm, and the wonderful industry of this accom- plished man. It is only once or so in a generation that there arises a man like him, endowed for the pursuit and mastery of so many subjects ; and Pope has said,- 656 A CYCLOFAIDIA OF " One science only will one genius fit, So vast is art, so narrow human wit but Dr. May is perfectly at home as a prac- titioner of medicine, as a lecturer upon science or mechanics, in the grouping and analyzing in the department of natural his- tory, or in the artistic arrangement of a museum or exhibition hall. He has a gmius for organization, and his achieve- ments in his various pursuits are really marvellous. Dr. May has had a family of twenty children, eleven of whom are alive ; six of these are married. Waterhouse, John, Manufacturer, Tilsonburg, Ontario, was born in Yorkshire, England, on the 24th November, 1829. His father, George Waterhouse, was a manufac- turer of woollens, in the village of Pudsey, Yorkshire, and his mother was Sarah Wood- house, of the same village. In 1848 George Water house emigrated to America, settling with his family in Newburg, Orange county, N. Y., where he engaged in the business of woollen manufacture, in the employ of Joseph Harrison. After the lapse of a year he removed to North Horsick, in the same state, where he was employed by R. Burn- ham & Co., of New York. In 1852 he re- moved to Canada, and settled in the County of Elgin, near Port Stanley, where he again began the manufacture of woollen goods. He remained here until his death in 1866, and left a family of ten children, the subject of this sketch being the third youngest. John Waterhouse labored under the disad- vantages peculiar to all the early settlers in respect to educational advantages. He was obliged, when a boy, to work during the day, and it was only at spare hours that he succeeded in mastering the rudiment of an education. He followed his father to Can- ada from New York state, but after a brief stay crossed the boundary again, settling in Sheffield, Ohio, for a time, and passed thence to New York state again, where he remained till 1857. His health now began to fail him, and he proceeded to the State of Illinois, where he engaged in farming un- til 1861, when he again returned to Canada, which he has made his abode ever since. In 1866 he established a woollen factory near Port Stanley ; but the field was not a very promising one, and he removed to Til- sonburg, where he established another fac- tory. Here he still remains, and through his industry, integrity and fine business qualities, his operations were crowned with success. The output of his manufactory consists chiefly of yarns, flannels, tweeds and blankets ; and the establishment gives employment directly and indirectly to a large number of persons. In 1872, Mr. Waterhouse was elected town councillor of Tilsonburg, and was re-elected in 1877 and every year since. He is a shareholder in the Tilsonburg Agricultural Works ; is an Oddfellow, and has held most of the offices in the gift of his lodge (No. 50). He is like- wise a member of the A.O.U. W., has been a representative of that body for five years, and is now past master of the lodge (No. 17, Tilsonburg). Mr. Waterhouse is a member of the local Liberal-Conservative Associa- tion, and is an active and preminent mem- ber of his party. He is a member of the Methodist church; and he married on the 24th January, 1855, Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel and Nancy Hurst, of Springfield, Ohio. There is no family. Hurteau, Hilaire, M.P. for L'As- somption, St. Lin, Province of Quebec, was born at Contrecoeur, in the aforenamed province, on the 4th May, 1837. His edu- cational studies were pursued at his native place, and subsequently at the College of L'Assomption. Before the completion of his education he began the study of law in the office of Isidore Hurteau, notary, at Longueuil, and in due time was called to the profession of notary. He has since steadily practised this profession, save for the in- terruptions caused by his entry into pub- lic life. Early in his career M. Hurteau had an inclination for political work ; and he was mayor of Lin for three years, and warden of the county for a like period. He has likewise held the office of secretary- treasurer of schools ; and vice-president of the Laurentian Railway Company. At the general election of 1875 he was first re- turned to parliament, but was unseated on petition in the same year. On the 16th January, 1885, he was re-elected by accla- mation, and the petitioners had not much with which to console themselves. He was re-elected at the general election of 1878, and at the last general election. M. Hur- teau is a staunch Liberal-Conservative, and an extremely useful and loyal man to his constituency. He has been appointed Gen- eral Superintendent of Colonization for the Province of Quebec, 15th December, 1882, and after having travelled and studied the province as he did for three years, very few men now are so thoroughly acquainted with the wants of, and the manner to develop this great patriotic part of the Conservative party programme-colonization. He is a Roman catholic. He married, on the 30th May, 1859, Delphine Beaudoin. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 657 Sweatinan, Right Rev. Arthur, M.A., Bishop of Toronto, was born at Lon- don, England, in November, 1834. He is a son of Dr. John Sweatman, of the Middle- sex Hospital. London, and received his early educational instruction at the hands of pri- vate tutors. At a very early age he began his Christian work, having been a teacher in Christ Church Sunday-school, Marylebone, from 1849 to 1855. In the last named year he entered Christ's College, Cambridge ; in 1856 obtained a scholarship ; and in 1859 was graduated B.A., taking honours in mathematics. From December, 1856, to February, 1859, Mr. Sweatman was superin- tendent of the well known Jesus lane Sun- day-school, which has always been conduct- ed by University men. He was ordained deacon in St. Paul's Cathedral, in 1859, and in the following year was ordained priest at Chapel Royal, Whitehall, by the late Right Rev. Dr. Tait, then bishop of London, and afterwards archbishop of Can- terbury. For some years thereafter he held the position of master of Islington College, at the same time officiating successively as curate of Holy Trinity, Islington, and of St. Stephen's, Canonbury. His career from the first was characterised by activity and zeal, and while at Islington he founded the Islington Youths' Institute. In 1862 he pro- ceeded to the degree of M.A. In 1865 the bishop of Huron was in England, and hear- ing from many quarters of the zeal and the learning of Mr. Sweatman, induced that young clergyman to accept the head-master- ship of the Hellmuth Boys' College in Canada. For seven years he filled this posi- tion, revealing unusual powers for organiza- tion and administration ; and at the same time making manifest his splendid scholarly attainments and ability as a clergyman. In 1872 he resigned this position to accept the rectorship of Grace Church, Brantford, where with his characteristic powers, he ministered for two years. The authorities of Upper Canada College had learnt of the gifts of the Rev. Arthur Sweatman, and of- fered him the mathematical mastership in the college. He accepted the offer, but after a short time was once more persuaded to assume the charge of Hellmuth College, from which institution he had never wholly taken his heart, and which owed so much of its success to his genius for administration and the power he possesses of awakening enthusiasm. Ho was appointed canon of the Cathedral at London, in 1875, and upon the election of the Ven. Archdeacon Far- quier, to the bishopric of Algoma, Mr. Sweatman was created archdeacon of Brant- He was subsequently appointed assistant minister and acting rector of Woodstock, in the place of the Rev. W. Bettridge, who became incapacitated for active service. In 1872 he became examining chaplain to the bishop of Huron, and in 1863 was appointed clerical secretary to the diocese of Huron, and secretary of the House of Bishops. As archdeacon he was esteemed and beloved everywhere, and his administration of ec- clesiastical affairs during the absence of the bishop of Huron, was enlightened and highly satisfactory. In 1879 he was chosen by the almost unanimous vote of the synod, to the vacant bishopric of Toronto, which high and responsible office he still fills and adorns by his learning, his virtues and his zeal. The capacity for administration al- ready observed in his lordship as a teacher and a priest, finds a fuller scope for its exer- cise in the episcopal seat, and there is re- vealed more fully. More brightly there shine his intellectual gifts, and all men are drawn to him by his endearing manners, his piety, and his unassuming gentleness. " Above all," says a memoir before us, "he is a good man and full of the Holy Ghost; devout and spiritual ; attached by conscientious con- victions to evangelical truth, and the great principles of our reformed and protestant church, while he works heartily and cordially with all loyal churchmen of every school." Dasti, Zebulun Ailon, of the firm of Blake, Lash, Cassels & Holman, barristers, etc., Toronto, was born in September, 1846. Having completed his educational course, he entered upon the study of law, and in May, 1868, was called to the bar of the Province of Ontario. He at once commenced the practice of his profession at Toronto. In November, 1872, he was appointed lecturer and examiner in commercial and criminal law to the Law Society of Ontario. This position he filled till 1876, when he was ap- pointed to the office of deputy Minister of Justice of Canada. Although this was an office whose honours any member of the Canadian bar might court, Mr. Lash was ambitious to achieve in the open field, and he resigned in May, 1882, and at once en- tered the firm already mentioned, and re- sumed practice. In 1879 Mr. Lash was ap- pointed a Queen's counsel. In July of the following year he appeared before the ju- dicial committee of the Imperial Privy Council, as counsel for the government of Canada in the Mercer escheat case. With- out question his return to practice has been a conspicuous gain for the bar of Ontario. 658 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Rose, Hon. Sir John, Bart., G. C. M.G., London, England, was born at Tur- riff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on the 2nd Au- gust, 1820. He is a son of the late Mr. Rose, of Turriff, by his marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of Captain James Fyfe. John re- ceived his education at various schools in Aberdeenshire, concluding his course at King's College, Aberdeen. While he was still a youth he accompanied his parents to Canada, settling with them in the County of Huntingdon, Province of Quebec. For a time, pending an opening more suited to his tastes, John Rose engaged in school teaching in the Eastern townships. He soon aban- doned this make-shift pursuit and proceeded to Montreal, where he began the study of law. In 1842 he was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. He at once attract- ed attention at the bar by his fine presence, which was commanding and tall; but better than all, his language was fluent and reson- ant, and his arguments searching, lucid and direct. He was soon master of the largest eommercial practice in Montreal, and his place at the Lower Canada bar was among the very foremost. He conducted several important cases for the government of the day ; and in this way, acquired his first thorough insight into political questions. In 1848 the silken gown of counsellor was con- ferred upon him, in recognition of his splen- did legal talents ; and during the Baldwin- Lafontaine administration he was strongly pressed to enter public life. But Mr. Rose was a man of cool head and sound judg- ment, and he resolved that no allurement should draw him into political quicksands till his fortunes, in the commercial sphere, had been laid on firm foundations. There- after up to 1857 he held many of the fore- most positions in banking and other circles in Montreal. In the year last mentioned he began his parliamentary career, and on the 26th November, accepted office in the Macdonald-Cartier administration as solici- tor-general for Lower Canada. Thereafter, till the close of his political career, the record of this distinguished and gifted man is a series of successes unparalleled, save in one other instance, among our Canadian statesmen. After the collapse of the Short Administration, Mr. Rose accepted, nomin- ally, the office of receiver-general, but almost immediately passed back again to the solicitor-generalship. On the 10th of January following, he assumed charge of the department of public works, holding the port-folio till June, 1861, when the com- bined strain of his official duties and private business caused his health to give way, and he was obliged to resign office, continu- ing, however, to represent Montreal in part liament. In 1864 Mr. Rose was appointed by the Imperial government a commissioner on behalf of the Empire, under the treaty with the United States for the settlement of the claims which had arisen out of the Oregon treaty. At the first general election after Confederation, Mr. Rose was elected for Huntingdon, and shortly afterwards- upon the retirement of the Hon. (now Sir) A. T. Galt-entered the cabinet as minister of finance. To him fell the greater portion of the task of constituting the new and difficult financial programme for the con- federated provinces ; but his splendid genius acted as a swift solvent of the difficulty. In July, 1868, Mr, Rose went to England and successfully floated half of the Intercolonial Railway loan. In 1869 he resolved to take up his abode in England, and resigning his seat in parliament, he brought his splendid parliamentary career (of twelve years) to a close. He entered the well-known banking firm of Morton, Bliss & Co., at London, which thereafter was known as Morton, Rose & Co., the subject of this memoir still maintaining his connection with the same. In 1870 he was nominated a Knight Com- mander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George; and in August, 1872, he was created a baronet. On the 29th October, 1878, in recognition of his services as executive com- missioner of Canada at the Paris Exhibition, he was nominated a G.C.M.G. He mar- ried, 1843, Charlotte, daughter of the late Robert Temple, of Rutland, in the State of Vermont, There has been issue by this marriage, three sons and two daughters. Woodworth, Douglas Benjamin, LL.B., Q.C., Kentville, M. P. for Kings county, Nova Scotia, was born at Canning, in the Province of Nova Scotia, on June 1st, 1841. The paternal ancestors of Mr. Wood- worth emigrated from England to Connecti- cut during the early period of settlement in the colonies ; but on the outbreak of the revolution they moved to Nova Scotia, and settled there. The maternal ancestors of Mr. Woodworth came from Ireland, and likewise settled in Nova Scotia. His father was B. B. Woodworth, a prominent inhabi- tant, and a J.P., of Canning, Nova Scotia. D. B. Woodworth obtained a careful edu- cation, receiving, at first, tuition under the Rev. W. Sommerville, afterwards attend- ing Sackville Academy, the Normal School at Truro, and Harvard University, near CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 659 Boston. In February, 1865, Mr. Wood- worth married Lizzie, youngest daughter of the late Hon. Ezra Churchill, senator. On completing his education, Mr. Wood- worth commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. Jonathan McCully, who afterwards was made a judge, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1865. As an advocate Mr. Wood worth is a man of much power, and he has a wide ac- quaintance with the law. In 1884 his legal status was acknowledged by the executive, who appointed him Queen's counsel. In 1871 Mr. Woodworth began his political career, being in that year elected to the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia. In politics he always has been a Liberal-Con- servative, and in the Legislative Assembly he identifies himself with that party. He sat in the local legislature till September, 1878, when he resigned, and became a candidate for the House of Commons. In the election that followed he was defeated, but he was not disheartened. At the last general election he was returned to the House of Commons for the first time, for the County of Kings. In Dominion politics Mr. Woodworth supports the administration of Sir John A. Macdonald. Mr. Woodworth was the de facto leader of his party in the Nova Scotia Legislature, from the time he was elected in 1871 until the end of the session of 1878, and it was universally ad- mitted on all sides that he was far the ablest and most effective debater in the house. Since then, according to the Toronto Mail, the Montreal Gazette, and other leading Canadian papers, he has maintained his reputation as a parliamentarian and speaker in the Dominion parliament. He is a man of deep-seated feeling, but he is known to be generous, and is for these reasons ex- tremely popular. His family consists of his wife and two boys, the eldest one, Percy, although but eighteen years of age, the Dominion government placed in charge of the Observatory post, Digge's Island, Hud- son Bay, in the summer of 1885. Hack. William, J.P., Cornwall, was born on February 29, 1828, in Lennoxshire, Scotland. His parents were Robert and Margaret (Pollock) Mack, who emigrated to Canada in 1828, from Lanarkshire, Scotland, and settled in Huntingdon county, Province of Quebec, where they resided until their death. William Mack received a fair English education in the common school at Hunting- don county. He afterwards learned the milling trade in the same county, and moved to Cornwall in 1849-starting in that year, the first grist mill built in Cornwall, this mill being owned by the late John Harvey. He built the Express grist and flouring mills in Cornwall, in 1860, and has owned and operated them continuously to the present day, and has rebuilt and enlarged them several times. He took an active part in procuring the establishment in Cornwall of the extensive woollen, cotton and paper mills now there. Mr. Mack was a mem- ber of the municipal council of the town of Cornwall, from 1865 to 1868, inclusive of both years; was deputy reeve of the town during 1869-70; was reeve in 1871, deputy reeve in 1875, and reeve again in 1876. He was elected on all these occa- sions by acclamation. He was also warden of the united Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, for the year 1878. Mr. Mack has always been a Liberal in politics, -that also having been the political faith of his father-and has taken a deep interest in public questions, and an active pa"t in practical politics. He represented the Elec- toral riding of Cornwall in the Ontario Legislature, from 1879 to 1883; was a can- didate for the same position at the general election in the latter year, but was defeated by a majority of forty-one votes. He is a Presbyterian, and for the past ten years has been an elder in Knox Church, Cornwall. Mr. Mack married on May 10, 1855, Agnes, daughter of the late William Henderson, a native of Scotland. By this marriage there is a family of three children, two daughters and one son. Cole, Wilmot Howard, Lieutenant- Colonel, Brockville, Ontario, was born at Brockville, February 16th, 1834. The pat- ronymic Cole is of very ancient Saxon ori- gin : it appears in the "Doomsday Book." The public records show that in the year 1640, Sir John Cole, of Shenley, in Hert- fordshire, England, was a landed proprie- tor. His son, Adam, married and had issue a son, Cornelius. This Cornelius Cole emi- grated to America in the year 1708 ; in 1711 he became a justice of Albany county, com- prised within the limits of what was called "Livingston Manor." His land was next to that of W. T. Livingston, and extended from the Manor House road to Jansen's Kill, or creek, and was one of the finest farms in the manor. He had three sons, named Nicholas, John and Adam. On the breaking out of the rebellion, Cornelius Cole and his sons, John and Adam, espoused the cause of England, and the sons joined the Royal- ist forces. As the war proceeded, the feeling ran so high against the " Tories," as the A CYCLOPEDIA OF 660 Royalists were called, that Cornelius Cole, although an old man, was seized and im- prisoned, where he died a victim of fidelity to Fatherland. His property was confis- cated, and his sons forced to seek a home in the wilds of Canada. In 1782 John and Adam Cole left, with other United Empire loyalists, for Canada, and passing up the St. Lawrence, they landed and settled in the County of Leeds, in that part now called the township of Elizabethtown, at a point on the river St. Lawrence about five miles west of the present town of Brockville, which place is still called " Cole's Ferry. " Here Adam Cole settled, being, as he was frequently heard to say, the first person to begin a settlement in the township of Elizabethtown. Some years after the close of the war, Peter, a son of John Cole, returned to his grandfather's old home in Ulster county, to ascertain whether he could recover some of the family estate, which had been confiscated, but failed, as the authorities had granted the property to other persons. Adam Cole's wife was Thankful Fulford, also descended from loyalist stock. Her brothers, a short time after her departure with her husband, came to Canada and settled in the same neigh- bourhood, and they have left numerous de- scendants. Adam Cole's family, in 1812, consisted of nine sons and seven daughters, besides four who died in infancy. Five of the sons served in the war of 1812, the eldest, Peter, being present and assisted in the capture of Ogdensburg, and he subse- quently held the rank of captain. The house of Adam Cole was the general head- quarters of the military, when they were in that section of country, or when moving between Montreal and Kingston. It is re- lated of Peter Cole, the eldest son, that in the year 1810, the mail carrier was taken sick at his father's house, and Peter took the mail to Kingston, where he received that from Toronto and carried it back to Montreal. At Montreal he took charge of the mail for the west, which had been accu- mulating for a month and weighed upwards of sixty pounds, and carried it to Kingston. He accomplished the whole trip, going and coming, of 430 miles, on foot, in fourteen days, and this was in March, when the tramping most of the way was through the forest and very difficult. He received for this service from the government the sum of fifteen dollars. Abel Cole, who was the youngest son of Adam Cole, is the only one of that large family now living (1886), and is a hale and hearty old gentle- man of eighty years. His wife, Catherine Seaman, is the oldest person now living (1886) in Brookville, who was born there, her father, Nehemiah Seaman, being one of the early settlers. Wilmot Howard Cole, second son of Abel Cole, was educated at Brookville. He commenced mercantile business in 1855, and continued in the same until 1882. The old spirit of loyalty which he inherited, prompted him upon the or- ganization of the volunteer militia of Can- ada in 1855, to become a member of the old " Brockville Rifle company," commanded by Major Smythe (now of the 100th regiment, British army). The late Col. James Craw- ford, William Fitzsimmons (present post- master of Brockville), the late Samuel Ross, William Morris, Thomas Camm and other business men of Brockville shouldered their muskets and learned the drill at the same time. Wilmot Howard Cole has filled every position in rank from private to colonel of battalion. In December, 1864, he went with the Brockville Rifle company, as lieu- tenant, to Amherstburg, in the County of Essex, remaining there on duty until the following May. In November, 1865, the fear of a Fenian raid was so strong in the vicinity of the River St. Lawrence that the officers of the Brockville Rifle company (who were at the time : the late Col. Crawford in command, and Lieut. Cole. Lieut. Robert Bowie, and the late Lieut. Windeat), offered their services without pay, and to increase their company to 100 men to do duty for the protection of Brockville and vicinity, by drilling the men and mounting a heavy guard every night, with sentries posted in different parts of the town, the men only being paid twenty-five cents per day. The offer was accepted by the government, and that duty performed until the ensuing March, when a large portion of the volun- teer force were called out, and a provisional battalion formed at Brockville, under com- mand of Col. Crawford, Lieut. Cole assum- ing command of the Brockville Rifle com- pany, with which he remained on duty until the next November, part of the time at Brockville, and part at Cornwall. Again in 1870, as major of the 41st battalion, he was on duty at Cornwall during the Fenian ex- citement. On the 28th June, 1871, he was appointed to the command of the 41st bat- talion, a position he still holds (1886). Col. Cole has occupied various positions of trust and importance in the gift of his fellow-citi- zens. He was a member of the town council of Brockville for fourteen years ; a director for many years, and president of the Johns- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 661 town Mutual Fire Insurance Company ; a member of the independent order of Odd- fellows for many years, filling various offices in the local lodge and also in the Grand lodge and Grand encampment. He was chosen by his brethren to fill the posi- tion of grand master the year the Sovereign Grand lodge met in Toronto, and were en- tertained by their Ontario brethren. He has always taken an active part in every- thing that would advance the interests of his native town. In connection with the late Allan Turner, he worked for many years to obtain a system of water works for Brook- ville, and in 1881 they organized a company, consisting of Allan Turner, John McMullen, Thomas Gilmour, George A. Dana, and Wilmot H. Cole, to construct water works ; and as a result of the efforts of these gen- tlemen, Brookville has now a most excellent system of water supply for all purposes. Colonel Cole was elected a member of the Legislature of the Province of Ontario for the Brockville riding,in the Liberal interest, at the general elections in 1875, and was a warm supporter of the Mowat government. He received the appointment of registrar for the County of Leeds in February, 1882, which position he now holds. He is presi- dent of the Brockville Fair Ground Associa- tion, and a director in the Brockville Loan and Savings Company. Col. Cole is a mem- ber of the Methodist church, and for over twenty-five years has been a trustee of the Wall street church in Brockville, and is looked upon by his fellow church members as ready to assist in carrying forward all en- terprises for the benefit of the church. Col. Cole married Jane Adelaide, youngest daughter of the late Abram Phillips, of New York. Their family consists of four children, two sons and two daughters. The sons, following the traditions of the family, entered the volunteer force very early. The eldest, Eugene Maurice Cole, was bugler in the Brockville Rifle company in 1866, and did duty with that company whenever on service; he subsequently became lieutenant, after which he resigned, having removed from Brockville. The youngest son, Capt. George Marshall Cole, is now captain of No. 4 company, 41st battalion. The latest enterprise with which Col. Cole has been connected is one that will eventually benefit his native town more than all others, that is, the Brockville, Westport and Sault Ste. Marie Railway. The idea of a railway from Brockville to Westport had been entertained, and a charter was procured, but nothing further was done, and after a time the charter expired. Subsequently, Eugene M. Cole, who was in business in New York city, and having commercial relations with gentlemen interested in building railways and other public works, conceived the idea that a line of railway from Brookville to Sault Ste. Marie would prove an advantage- ous route in many ways, and at the same time benefit his native town. After much labour in gathering statistical information, he laid the whole matter before his father, who had it brought before the leading men of the County of Leeds, and the proposition made that if the municipalities would bear the expense of preliminary survey and ob- tain the charter, and also grant aid by way of bonus to the extent of $125,000, Eugene M. Cole would work up the scheme and ob- tain the capital and contractors to build at least the first section of the road to Westport. This was agreed to, the last bonus by-law being passed on the 15th J uly, 1885, and work on the construction of the railway commenced on the 13th January, 1886. Although ably assisted by many persons in the County of Leeds in connection with the enterprise, the credit of the inception of the scheme, and the labour in working it up materially and financially, belong to Eugene M. Cole, who is still quite a young man. Cook, Simon S., Morrisburg, Ontario, was born in the township of Williamsburgh, County of Dundas, on the 15th day of Sep- tember, 1831, and is the fourth son of Captain George Cook, and his wife, Sarah Casselman. (Vide sketch of Herman H. Cook, M.P., Toronto, page 114.) His pa- rents are descended from United Empire loyalist stock. Simon S. Cook is a brother of the late J. W. Cook, who represented Dundas county in the Canadian Assembly from 1857 until 1861; and likewise of Her- man H. Cook, who now represents East Simcoe in the House of Commons. Mr. Cook received his education at the Potsdam academy, in the town of Potsdam, State of New York. He was elected in 1867 a mem- ber of the first Provincial parliament of Ontario, for the County of Dundas, and was re-elected at the following general elec- tion ; but was defeated at the general elec- tion of 1875. He was appointed registrar for the County of Dundas, in May, 1881, and has been for many years associated with his brothers, in the firm of Cook Brothers, in the lumber business. Mr. Cook married Emma M., eldest daughter of William Elliot, of Iroquois, County of Dun- das, and has by this lady two children, a son and daughter. 662 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Pearson, William II., Toronto, was born on the 9th November, 1831, at Brixton, County of Surrey, England. He is a son of Thomas Pearson, who was an underwriter in Lloyd's Coffee House Insurance Company, London. In 1834 he emigrated to Canada, settling in the township of Zora, where he purchased and cultivated a farm of 200 acres. Some time afterwards he removed to Brantford, where he engagedin the hotel business, continuing in the same till 1839, when he removed to Toronto, where he as- sumed the proprietorship of the " Ontario House." He removed to Kingston for a time, but shortly afterwards returned again to Toronto. During the rebellion of 1837- 38 he was a lieutenant in the old Canadian militia. In 1845 he received the appoint- ment of chief clerk of the Custom House, Toronto, which position he held till his death, which occurred in 1849. He left a family of five children, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. W. H. Pearson re- ceived his early education at the private academy, conducted by Mr. Galt, of Brant- ford, and afterwards at Toronto, at the pri- vate academy of the late John Boyd, father of the present Chancellor Boyd. He sub- sequently attended the Grammar school at Kingston, completing his course at the aca- demy of the late Mr. Loscombe, Toronto. At the age of fifteen he left school and as- sisted his father in the Customs-house for a short period; but in April, 1847, he re- ceived the appointment of clerk in the To- ronto post-office, at which time the whole business of the city was conducted by the postmaster, three clerks, and a letter car- rier. Mr. Pearson remained in the post- office until 1854, when ill-health obliged him to resign his office. However, in Sep- tember of the same year he was appointed chief clerk of the Consumers' Gas Com- pany, which position he held until 1874, when he was appointed secretary, and vir- tually manager, of the same .company. This position he has held ever since. Mr. Pearson, it may be said, was one of the original promoters of the Consumers' Gas Company of Lindsay, and at the present time is one of the diiectors of that associa- tion. He has been treasurer of the Philhar- monic Society ; was a member of the Sons of Temperance from 1850 till 1853, and has always taken an active interest in tem- perance work. It is interesting to note that he was led to total abstinence and to the championship of temperance through the persuasive eloquence of John B. Gongh. Mr. Pearson is a member of the American Gas Light Association: and in politics he has always been a Reformer. He was a mem- ber of the Church of England until the age of twenty, when, in 1852, he separated from that communion and joined the Methodist Church at Toronto, under the ministration of the Rev. James Caughey, an eminent revivalist. He connected himself with the Richmond-street Methodist Church, and immediately became a Sunday-school teach- er. A few years afterwards he became class- leader, and was for many years a leader of two classes, and in 1857 was appointed superintendent of the Sabbath school, at that time the largest in the city, which posi- tion he has held continuously up to the present time. Mr. Pearson has also con- tinued in the class-leadership ; and is one of the trustees of the church. Owing to the close attention which he has devoted to church matters, as well as to his business, Mr. Pearson has not been at liberty to give much attention to political or municipal affairs. He married in March, 1856, Mary Ann, daughter of the late George Cline, of Toronto, by whom he had a family of eight children, and six of these are still living. The eldest daughter, Mary Elizabeth, is the wife of George A. Macagy, the representa- tive in Toronto of the firm of Pillow, Hor- sey & Co., of Montreal. W. H. Pearson, the third eldest, is superintendent of the works of the Consumers' Gas Company. Akin, Thomas Beamish, D.C.L., Halifax, Barrister-at-law of Nova Scotia ; Commissioner of the Public Records of that Province ; a corresponding member of the Historical Societies of Massachusetts and Maryland, and of the Literary and His- torical Society of Quebec, and honorary member of the Historical Societies of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, was born at Liverpool, Nova Scotia, on February 1st., 1809, only son of Thomas Akin, mer- chant, of that place. The family were settled in New England before the year 1675, and the direct ancestor of T. B. Akin removed to New Jersey about 1740. He went thence to Nova Scotia in 1758-9, and was one of the original grantees of the town- ship of Falmouth, in 1760. T. B. Akin studied law with the late Beamish Murdoch, D.C.L., Queen's counsel, author of the "History of Nova Scotia," and was ad- mitted to the bar at Easter term, 1831. He practiced as a solicitor in Halifax; was ap- pointed commissioner in 1857, under a re- solution of the House of Assembly, " for ex- amining, arranging and preserving the an- cient record s and docu ments illustrative of the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 663 history and progress of society of the province for reference or publication, as the legisla- ture may determine." Mr. Akin was twice elected a governor of the University of King's College, Windsor, N.S. Mr. Akin is the author of several pamphlets ; first, a prize essay on the " History of Halifax, N.S.," read at the Mechanics' Institute, 18th April, 1839, and published by English & Blackadar, at Halifax, in 1847, pp. 62 ; second, a pamphlet entitled " A sketch of the Rise and Progress of the Church of England in the British North-American Provinces," Halifax, 1849, pp.151; third, a pamphlet entitled " A brief sketch of the Origin, Endowment and Progress of the University of King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia," Halifax, 1865, pp. 84 ; fourth, " Selections from the Public Documents of the Province of Nova Scotia," published under a resolution of the House of As- sembly passed March 15th, 1865, edited by Thomas B. Akin, D.C.L., Halifax, N.S.; C. Annand, publisher, 1869. Mr. Akin is unmarried. Robertson, Alexander, Brantford, Manager of branch of the Bank of British North America, was born at St. Fergus, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in the year 1831. Having completed his education, he studied law in the office of Gray & Boyd, solicitors, Peterhead, Scotland, where he also learned the banking business. After spending six years in that office, he proceeded to Canada in 1853, in the service of the Bank of British North America, and in 1854 he went to the Brantford branch as teller. Shortly after- wards he became accountant, and in 1864 was given the management of the branch. The Brantford branch had been opened in 1845, with the late James Christie as agent, and upon Mr. Robertson's arrival, C. F. Smithers, who subsequently became presi- dent of the Bank of Montreal, was its mana- ger. Mr. Smithers retired in 1856, and was succeeded by I. C. Geddes, who retained the management till the appointment of Mr. Robertson, who has ever since remained in Brantford, an experience not common to bankers, whose tenure in a given place is about as uncertain as that of officers of the regular military service. During his term of management, agencies of the bank were estab- lished at Paris and Dunnville, and placed un- der his direction. In 1878, upon his return from a trip to England and continental Europe, Mr. Robertson was presented with an illuminated address by the citizens, to- gether with a handsome silver dinner and dessert service, the donors thereby convey- ing their appreciation of his long and valued services to the commercial interests of Brantford. Mr. Robertson is a man of con- spicuous energy, and of wide public spirit ; nor have the duties of his office disabled him from taking part in meritorious public en- terprises. He was foremost in the move- ment that led to the establishment of the Brantford Young Ladies' College; and he has been president of its board of directors since its foundation. He is a director of the Brantford Gas Company ; has been a member of the board of managers of Zion Presbyterian Church since its establishment in Brantford ; has been many times elected president of St. Andrew's Society ; has been president of the Brantford Curling Club, and was one of the original promoters of the Brantford Curling and Skating Rink, and of the Victoria Curling and Skating Rink. He is also captain of the Brantford Golf Club, and introduced that excellent game into Ontario in 1872. He was one of the origi- nal directors of the Brant Memorial Asso- ciation, and has always been one of the foremost in every movement that has had for its object the promotion of the commu- nity's interests. As will be gathered from the above he is a lover of all manly sport, and healthful out-door exercises. Personally he enjoys the widest popularity ; and he is recognized as possessing one of the soundest business heads in the country. Mr. Robert- son married, in 1885, Nellie M., youngest daughter of Richard S. DeVeber, of St. John, N.B. Nordheimer, Samuel, Toronto, whose firm for over forty-two years has stood at the head of the music trade of Canada, has been so prominently connected with the business life of Toronto, that some record of his career may well find place among " Re- presentative Canadians." To the ability and energy of the brothers, Abraham and Samuel Nordheimer, the Dominion of Canada, and the Province of Ontario in particular, owes in great measure its musical taste, and not a little of that appreciation of artistic piano- forte playing which distinguishes almost all circles of Canadian society. This will be readily admitted in considering the achieve- ments of the house of A. & S. Nordheimer, and in dealing briefly with the personal career of the subject of our sketch, who is one of the best examples we have of a successful and honourable business man. Samuel Nordheimer, who is of Jewish de- scent, and the seventh of eight sons, was born at Bavaria, Germany, in the year 1824. His parents' family were held in 664 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF great esteem in their old German home, where they filled social positions and offices of trust, were widely known and honoured in their various mercantile and professional callings, and were much respected for their public spirit, and their numerous charities and other philanthrophies. The commercial successes abroad, and in other parts of Ger- many, of some members of the family, and the literary and scholarly fame of others, have conferred distinction upon the native town,where for two hundred years they have held property ; and this has increased the feeling of respect for the individual mem- bers of this family among the townspeople, who speak of a Nordheim, or Nordheimer, as they would speak of a Rothschild or a Vanderbilt. Connections of the family are millionaire merchants in Hamburg, and are there also known for their princely bene- factions-the latest example of this being the erection of a woman's home and retreat, in Hamburg, which cost one of them (Max Nordheim) over $150,000, and was made a present of to the city. Dr. Nordheimer, another relative, a brother, of European and American fame, and a distinguished Oriental scholar and author, held a professorship for many years in the University and Theo- logical Seminary of New York, where he died in 1842. It was at the instigation of this Professor Nordheimer that the two younger brothers, Abraham and Samuel, in 1839, came out to New York, where at first they attended classes in college, to acquire a knowledge of the English tongue. Samuel afterwards entered the employment of the late celebrated A. T. Stewart, where he rapidly rose to the position of a confidential clerk, and, under the great old merchant's eye, gained his first experience of business life. Abraham, who was an eminent musi- cian and pianist, chose to follow the musical profession. Aided or introduced by the pro- fessor, his many gifts and accomplishments soon made him and his brother social lions among the old Knickerbocker families of New York. At this period, General Tor- rance, of later Crimean fame, then in com- mand of Her Majesty's 23rd Regiment of Foot, at Kingston, Upper Canada, was on a visit to New York, and there made the ac- quaintance of Abraham Nordheimer. The general induced the latter to go to Kings- ton, at this time the seat of government, there to give musical tuition in the family of Sir Charles Bagot, the governor-general, and in other houses in the old historic town. Shortly after, he organized, in connection with a piano and music room, the first musical society, which he himself conducted. Some three years later, Samuel was prevailed upon to follow his brother to Canada, much to the regret of his employer. Mr. Stewart, who had taken quite a liking to him, and to the day of his death maintained a friend- ly correspondence with him. His arrival in Kingston was the occasion of the found- ing of the music house of A. & S. Nord- heimer, though the headquarters of the firm were afterwards established at Toronto, with branches at Hamilton, London, Kingston, Montreal, and Quebec. The success of the firm was instant, for the brothers were able and energetic ; and their business shrewdness enabled them to see a great fu- ture for their trade in Canada. This trade they built up on the wise decision to intro- duce only the best qualities of pianos, such as those manufactured by Chickering, Stein- way, Stoddard, Dunham, and other cele- brated European houses ; and the connec- tions then formed, the house has creditably maintained ever since, to the profit of the firm and the advantage of the public. In other ways have the brothers Nordheimer been of service to the country, in inducing and assisting numbers of the better grade of professional musicians to come to Canada, where the name of the firm has long been a household word in musical circles. Nor has their wealth been used only for purposes of individual gain. The house was the earliest to build, in connection with their business, a concert and music hall, which they erected, first, in the building known as Nordheimer, or Masonic hall, Toronto, and afterwards in the edifice owned and used by the firm in Montreal. This enterprise was subsequently imitated by American music firms, in the erection of such buildings as Chickering and Steinway halls, New York, and other places of musical resort. In ac- knowledgment of this idea, as well as of their standing as a musical publishing house, the firm were made members of the Ameri- can Board of Music Trade, a privilege to which only leading houses in the music pub- lishing and manufacturing trade are eligible. In 1860, Abraham Nordheimer died in Ger- many, much regretted. Since then the large business carried on by the firm has been conducted by the surviving brother, who has of late years admitted his nephew, Albert Nordheimer, an accomplished musi- cian and able business man, into partner- ship, and who has assumed charge of much of the business of the house, since finishing his education abroad. Apart from conduct- ing his extensive business, in its manifold CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 665 departments, both manufacturing and sell- ing, Mr. Nordheimer has taken an active in- terest in the founding and supervision of the affairs of many financial and other insti- tutions in Toronto. He is president of the Federal Bank of Canada, vice-president of the Canada Permanent Loan Company, and a director in several monetary institutions, insurance, and other companies. As presi- dent for many years of the Philarmonic Society, he has done good service in perma- nently establishing the society, and in rais- ing the musical taste of the community, and in bringing the means of an elevating and refining enjoyment to the people of the pro- provincial capital. Mr. Nordheimer is an independent in politics, and has repeatedly refused political honours. In religion, he is an adherent of the Anglican church, though he retains an enthusiastic and intelligent in- terest in J ewish literature and the faith of his forefathers. In 1871, he married Edith Louise, daughter of the late James Boulton, a well-known local member of the Ontario bar. By her he has had nine children, two of whom were carried off recently by diph- theria. The family residence is the charm- ing suburban villa, Glen Edith, in the northern outskirts of the city, where Mr. and Mrs. Nordheimer, on occasion, dispense a genial and princely hospitality. The erec- tion of the Nordheimer mansion, on its commanding position, overlooking the city, has much aided the settlement of that part of Toronto, and given a strikfng and artistic setting to the northern boundary of the pro- vincial capital. Coursol, Charles Joseph, Q. C , Knight of the Order of Charles HI. of Spain, Montreal, Judge of Sessions, was born at Malden, County Essex, Ontario, in the year 1820. He is a son of J. Coursol, who was an officer in the Hudson's Bay Company, and his mother was a daughter of Joseph Quesnel, one of the pioneers of Canadian literature. The father died when Charles Joseph was yet of very tender years, and the lad was adopted by his maternal uncle, the Hon. F. A. Quesnel. He had a creditable career at college ; studied law under the late C. S. Cherrier, Q.C., his step-father, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1841. Shortly afterwards he married the daughter of the distin- guished statesman and patriot, Sir E. P. Tache. Political excitement ran high in Canada at this period, for the union of 1841 had been laid upon the still smoking embers of the late rebellion, and one of the most active, vigorous, a ad influential of the younger politicians was Mr. Coursol. As we might expect, he was to be found among the ranks of the Lafontaine reformers. Mr. Coursol soon won a high place at the bar, owing to his quick penetration, his sound and wide acquaintanceship with the law, and the vigor and the industry manifested in all his undertakings. As an advocate he was soon widely popular, for his influence in the court was always very great. During the Trent difficulty he raised a dashing regiment known as the " Chasseurs Canadiens," and in 1866 when men's minds were full of ap- prehension anent the Fenian threats, Mr. Coursol put himself at the head of his bat- talion and marched to the frontier to repel these insolent marauders. Mr. Coursol was afterwards appointed by government to many important commissions, thereby recog- nising his great learning and the soundness of his judgment. He was afterwards ap- pointed judge of the Sessions of the Peace, and chairman of the Quarter Sessions of the District. As police commissioner under the Dominion Act, he has had much impor- tant and confidential duty to perform in connection with the department of justice. But Judge Coursol has a continental as well as a Canadian reputation, for his connection with the "St. Alban's Raid," during the American civil war is familiar to all who have read the history of that time. The large majority of the Canadian bar endorsed Judge Coursol's act, and Lord Cairns and Francis concurred. His name is likewise favourably connected with the pontifical Zouave movement, and with the great demonstration of June 24th, 1874, when the St. Jean Baptiste Society made the largest display ever seen in Montreal, to endeavor to bring back the French Canadi- ans who had gone to the United States. He was elected president of the Society in 1872 and held the office for four consecutive years. He was unanimously elected mayor of Montreal in 1871. He has been a direc- tor of La Banque du Peuple, and been president of La Credit Foncier du Bas Canada. Altogether Mr. Coursol's career has been a spirited, brilliant, and successful one. What one regrets is that so few of the younger generation give promise of filling the places of such men as Judge Coursol, when they shall have left us. Prevost, Lieandre Coyteux, M.D.V., Ottawa, was born on the 25th of January, 1852, at St. Jerome, County of Terrebonne, Province of Quebec. He is a son of Jules Edouard Prevost, M.D., by Hedwidge Pre- vost, his wife. The family has for a long 666 A CYCLOPEDIA OF period been a prominent one, and has been identified with all the important political events which have taken place in the county of Terrebonne, and in the district of Mon- treal, from 1837 up to the present. The grandfathers of our subject joined the patriots in 1837-38, and were obliged to take refuge in the States during that agi- tated period. They were closely allied with Papineau, Dr. Wolf red Nelson, and others of the leaders of that stormy time. L. C. Prevost was educated at Montreal College (St. Sulpice) ; afterwards studied medicine at the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical School, affiliated with Victoria University, Cobourg, and subsequently in the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ; at Paris, France, and in London, England. Upon the completion of his splendid medical course, Dr. Prdvost settled in St. Jerome, where he engaged in practice with his father, and in November, 1877, he removed to Ottawa. He became a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario in 1882. He is presi- dent of the Ontario Medico-Chirurgi- cal Society ; is president of the Ottawa Can- adian Institute ; and physician to the Otta- wa General Hospital. He is a Roman catho- lic ; and married on the 16th September, 1878, Mary Dora Aumond, of Ottawa. Dr. Prevost enjoys the reputation of being an extremely clever physician ; and as might be expected, his practice is very large and select. His residence is in one of the most fashionable portions of the City of Ottawa, Daly avenue. McMillan, Janies, Detroit, one of the leading manufacturers and capitalists in the State of Michigan, whose residence is Detroit, was born on the 13th of May, 1838, at Hamilton, Ontario. He is the son of William and Grace McMillan, both natives of Scotland, who emigrated to Canada in 1834, and settled in Hamilton. William Mc- Millan, the father of James McMillan, was well-known throughout the whole of Ontario, having been an officer of the Great Western Railway from its inception, until his death. He was connected with many of Hamilton's institutions ; was a director in one of the banks, also in the Gas Light Company. He was a man of broad ideas, well informed, on all subjects, and fearless in uttering his opinions, whether on church or state. He died in 1874, leaving a handsome property, which was divided among his sons who sur- vived him. The subject of this sketch is the second son in a family of six sons and one daughter. He began his educational course in the Grammar school at Hamilton, a preparatory school for the Toronto college. Dr. Tassie, a gentleman of wide scholarly repute, was the teacher of the English de- partment of that school. Instead of enter- ing college, Mr. McMillan decided to learn the hardware business, and was placed in a hardware establishment for four years. After mastering the details of this business in its retail branch, he removed to Detroit, where he connected himself with the house of Buhl & Ducharme, continuing there for two years. Through his father's influence he was appointed purchasing agent of the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad. While performing the duties of his new office, and only in the twentieth year of his age, we learn that he attracted the attention of a railroad contractor, the result of which was an engagement at a large salary. The posi- tion he now occupied brought him into con- tact with the hiring of men, the purchase of supplies, and the care of finances, in connec- tion with the employment of a large force of men. About the time when the work was drawing to its completion, and Mr. McMil- lan was debating in his mind the propriety of continuing his relations with this con- tractor, which would have taken him to Spain, he was asked to accept his old place as purchasing agent on the Detroit and Mil- waukee Railway, and decided to do so. In 1864, Mr. McMillan associated himself with Messrs. Newberry, Dean and Eaton, and formed with them the well-known corpora- tion of the Michigan Car Company. From this concern have sprung many others, such as the Detroit Car Wheel Company, the Baugh Steam Forge Company, the Detroit Iron Furnace Company, and he is now the president of all these, and the largest owner. Mr. McMillan did not confine himself to Detroit and Michigan, but established with others, large car establishments in St. Louis, Missouri, and London, Ontario. The business of the firms in Detroit aggre- gates from three to five millions of dollars per annum, and an average of twenty-five hundred men are constantly employed. Five years ago, Mr. McMillan, with associ- ates in Detroit and New York, built the Detroit, Mackinac and Marquette Railroad, a line 150 miles in length, running through the upper peninsula of Michigan. He is, and has been president of that company from the time of its inauguration. When any new enterprise is put in motion which is likely to be of benefit to Detroit or Michi- gan, Mr. McMillan is always on hand ready to help with his means and influence. Some years ago he became interested in the ship- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 667 ping trade of the lakes, and is now one of the largest owners of the Detroit and Cleve- land Steam Navigation Company, and the Detroit Transportation Company, the former owning the finest iron and steel passenger steamers on the lakes ; and the latter steam barges of the largest capacity. Mr. McMil- lan has been for many years a director in two of the largest banking institutions in Detroit-the First National and the Detroit Savings Banks. He is also interested in and connected with the management of the De- troit City Railway and the D. M. Ferry Seed Company, and many other large business enterprises. He has done much to improve the business blocks of Detroit, having built some of the finest, thus inspiring others to do likewise. He has for many years taken an active interest in politics and is a Repub- lican ; but up to the present time has always refused to be a candidate for any office in the gift of his fellow-citizens, al- though repeatedly urged to do so. In 1860 Mr. McMillan married Miss Wetmore, of Detroit. They have six children living, four boys and two girls, two of whom are married and settled in Deiroit. His eldest son graduated from Yale, and is now engaged with others in the management of the differ- ent establishments of which his father is the president. Mr. McMillan is a man of rare executive ability, is quick to decide, is not afraid to assume responsibility, and under all circumstances, is cautious and cool- headed. Whilst yet scarce in the meridian of life, he has succeeded in winning for him- self an almost princely fortune. Although a careful man of business, his personal generosity is very great, and is without ostentation; many young men of prom- ise are indebted to his bounty; many charitable institutions are assisted by his aid ; and an appeal to succour the helpless is never made to him in vain. Mr. McMil- lan is an honour to the country which gave him birth. Magill, Charles, Hamilton, ex-M.P., Lieut.-Col. of Militia, was born at West Port, County Mayo, Ireland, on the 1st of March, 1816. His father, Robert Magill, had served for twenty-one years in the Bri- tish army, and after the peace of 1815, en- gaged in commercial pursuits, which he fol- lowed until his death. Mr. McGill's mother was a native of Tralee, County Kerry, Ire- land. She died at Hamilton, Canada, 1845. In 1832, the family, consisting of the mother, three sons, the youngest, Charles, and four daughters, emigrated to Canada, having chartered a vessel for themselves. The lo- cality decided upon was Little York, whence the family removed to Hamilton in the fol- lowing spring of 1833. In 1837 Charles Ma- gill had some intention of adopting agricul- ture, and accordingly settled on a wild bush lot in the township of Binbrook, Wentworth, and worked steadily upon it for some time. During the December of that year, hearing of the disturbed state of the country and the calling out of the militia, he deemed it his duty to take part in the suppression of the revolt. He went back to Hamilton, and was chosen lieutenant of a company at a public ward meeting, and immediately put on active service. It speaks much for his patriotism, that he volunteered as a private to go to the front, at the time Navy Island was occupied by the rebels, the company to which he was attached not being ordered thither. This taste of military life induced Mr. Magill to try some other occupation than farming, and he abandoned his broad acres to become again a denizen of the town. Such are the simple incidents which some- times change the whole tenor of men s lives. After the militia was disbanded in 1838, he was chosen clerk and treasurer of the Board of Police for Hamilton. In 1840 he entered into commercial business, and continued in it with uninterrupted success for thirty-two years. Always prompt and upright, and being a man of good business habits, he se- cured unlimited credit, although he succeed- ed without availing himself of the same to any great extent. He was indefatigable in his business until 1852, when he was elected a councillor for St. Lawrence ward, and aiderman for the same wards in 1853 4 and 5. He was elected mayor by the council for the year 1854-5. He was also chairman .of the Board of Health for 1854, when he sig- nally distinguished himself by zeal and assiduity in attending to the unfortunate emigrants who were stricken with cholera. The epidemic prevailed among the citizens to an alarming extent, but the mayor never faltered in his course. He held that he had a duty to perform, and he fulfilled his task with credit, and with danger to his life. The year 1855 was rendered remarkable in con- nection with the career of Mr. Magill, on account of the visit of the governor-general Sir Edmund Head, and the celebration of the fall of Sebastopol, both events taking place on the same day. In the evening a grand banquet was given, presided over by Mr. Magill, and which his Excellency and the ministers with him attended. He was elected a water commissioner in 1856, and subsequently chairman of the board, a posi- 668 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF tion he held nearly up to the time of the completion of the water service, thereby assisting in carrying out one of the most important undertakings of the kind on this continent. He was mayor when an exten- sive system of sewerage, which has proved to be of the greatest benefit to the city, was perfected. In 1860, he was appointed one of Her Majesty's justices of the peace for the County of Wentworth. After a short respite from the office of mayor, he was again induced, in 1865, to become a candidate, and was elected by the large majority of 861. He was again returned by acclamation in 1866, and on the retirement of the late Hon. Isaac Buchanan from the representation of the city in parliament, he was elected by a large majority. Mr. Magill proved an ex- cellent painstaking member, and although particularly faithful to his constituency, he was not unmindful of the general interests of the country. Strong in his feelings of loyal attachment to the Crown, he was a natural advocate of the confederation of the provinces as a means of concentrating not merely force against external aggression, but to secure the national prosperity, and so build up a bulwark founded upon British princi- ples that would be able to resist all the shocks from without, and reflect on this continent the glory of those institutions which have spread their influence wherever civilization has extended. In 1865 he moved the Address in answer to the Speech from the Throne ; and his first bill was for the estab- lishment of co-operative associations, which are calculated to confer great advantages upon the industrial classes, in whose wel- fare he always takes a deep interest. Mr. Magill has served in other public capaci- ties. As a Freemason, he has held distingu- ished positions in the order. He served as W. M. of Barton lodge at six different periods, and was elected first principal of Hiram chapter in 1856. H* was first cap- tain of the Godfrey De Bouillon encamp- ment, Knights Templars, and Knights of Malta, in 1861-2, and eminent preceptor in 1880, and junior grand warden of the Pro- vincial Grand Lodge for Upper Canada in 1852-3. He was elected to the same posi- tion in the Grand Lodge of Canada in 1856, and was district deputy Grand Master for the Hamilton district in 1857-60 : grand superintendant of Royal Arch Masons for Hamilton district, in 1858, and at the con- vention of representatives from the lodges of this and the adjoining province called for considering the expediency of establish- ing a Supreme Grand Lodge, which met at Hamilton on the 10th Oct., 1855, Mr. Magill was chosen to preside over the deliberations, and the result was the formation of a Cana- dian Grand Lodge. He was president of the Rifle Association of the seventh military district of Upper Canada in 1851, and after- wards had a seat at the Great Western Rail- way board of directors. He is now a direc- tor of the Gore District Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company. He might, if he had wished, been a member of the first local administra- tion of Ontario, having been offered the position of Treasurer by John Sandfield McDonald, but he declined it, notwithstand- ing that the strongest inducements were held out. Such was his determination to preserve his political consistency that he would not accept office on any considera- tion whatever, preferring, as he did, to do nothing inimical to the Liberal party, with which he was politically allied. The To- ronto Globe made the following reference to this circumstance at the time :-" Our Hamilton correspondent telegraphed us yesterday as follows : Mr. Sandfield Mac- donald came here last night, and offered the receiver-generalship to Mr. Magill. An extraordinary pressure was brought to bear by the tories on Mr. Magill to induce him to accept the office with such strong threat- enings of opposition, if it was declined. But all was of no avail; Mr. Magill absolutely refused. Mr. Sandfield Macdonald has made another attempt and has failed. Mr. Magill has been true to his party and his principles, and has earned the unanimous thanks, not only of reformers, but of all who feel that the people of Ontario should have an oppor- tunity of forming their own government, without the interference of the confederate cabinet. " The Hamilton Times was equally outspoken on the subject. It said : " It be- came necessary to effect the object of the coalitionists that reformers should be in- duced to take a part in the political enter- prises, a number of persons were approached who declined acceptance. Some ten or twelve days were exhausted in endeavoring to secure whaf he (Sandfield Macdonald) thought loose reformers. At last he solicit- ed Mr. Magill to join the treacherous move- ment. But he made a mistake in the man; Mr. Magill was neither to be bought nor bribed. He showed himself no weak-kneed reformer, and after he had kept John Sand- field Macdonald in suspense for more than a day and a half, politely told him that he could, not be a party to any such dishonor- able arrangement." Mr. Magill was an ad- vocate of moderate protection for home in- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 669 dustry, and was the first who moved in the House of Commons for a select committe in the manufacturers' interest; and in a sub- sequent session in June, 1872, presented a report recommending as advantageous the imposition of a duty of 20 per cent. His advocacy of the interests of manufacturers was not without important results, as it was mainly through it that agricultural imple- ments, such as mowing, reaping, and thresh- ing machines, were taken out of the free list and placed in the 15 per cent. Vinegar manufacturers were also benefited by an increase of duty upon that article. Mr. Ma- gill, on 8th January, 1869, was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Hamilton regi- mental division of reserve militia. He has travelled through Canada, the United States and Europe, his last trip being in 1874, when he visited England, Ireland, Scot- land, France, Germany, Austria, Switzer- land, and Belgium, accompanied by his two daughters, Mary and Emma. In religion, Mr. Magill is a Methodist. In 1882, Mr. Magill was again induced to become a can- didate for the mayoralty, and was success- ful, as well as for the following year, 1883, having been elected in all six times to the position. McCarthy, John, Prescott, Ontario, was born in Dundee, Province of Quebec, on December 23rd, 1827. His father was David McCarthy, who was a native of the County Cork, Ireland, and his mother Ellen Kent. John McCarthy was educated in the public school ac Dundee. He was a member of the municipal council of the township of Augusta for the years 1866, 1867 and 1868 ; was first deputy reeve in 1868 ; and con- tested the county for parliamentary honours for the first parliament of our Provincial legislature, but was defeated by McNeil Clark, who was elected. Influences were brought to bear in this election which Mr. McCarthy could not withstand. The religious views of our subject are strictly those of Roman Catholicism. He married on Sep- tember 1st, 1852, Catharine Mahoney, a native of County Cork, Ireland. Mr. Mc- Carthy left his home in Dundee on the 20th October, 1847, and five days afterwards reached Prescott, where he found employ- ment with Charles A. Payne, who was carry- ing on a distillery business. He remained with Mr. Payne until July, 1856, when he accepted the position of manager of John Creighton's distillery, at Prescott, and this position he filled for a year. In August, 1856, he moved to Maitland, seven miles west of Prescott, and entered into partner- ship with an American named Charles N. Russell, and, with him, carried on business as distiller, and when, after three years, Mr. Russell became dissatisfied, dissolved part- nership, and left for his native country. Mr. McCarthy carried on the business for ten years longer. On Mr. Payne, Mr. Mc- Carthy's first employer, becoming possessor of the "Conway property," on which Mr. McCarthy now resides, he entered into partnership with Mr. McCarthy, and the new firm carried on the distilling business for four years, dissolving in July, 1867. Mr. McCarthy, in 1869, purchased the pro- perty, and, in the fall of the same year, ne entered into partnership with James Quinn, and turned the old distillery into a brewery. This partnership lasted for eight years, and Mr. McCarthy has since carried on the business on his own account. In 1881 he made considerable improvements to the premises by building a large malt house, costing some twelve thousand dollars, and rebuilt his brewery in 1883, at a cost of fif- teen thousand dollars. Mr. McCarthy has a family of five sons and five daughters ; the oldest son being engaged assisting his father in carrying on the business. Mr. McCarthy, in addition to the brewery, owns a very fine farm of 200 acres in the highest state of cul- tivation. Rayside, James, South Lancaster, M.P.P. for Glengarry, Ontario, was born in April, 1836, in Montreal, and is a son of John and Janet (Grant) Rayside. John Rayside came from the Island of Bute, Scotland, and Janet Grant was born in the town of Ayr. John Rayside was an archi- tect and builder, and Janet Grant, at the time of her marriage kept a millinery and dressmaking establishment in Montreal. James Rayside, the subject of this sketch, was taken to the village of Martintown by his grand parents at an early age. He was educated at the village school, learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, and after- wards engaged in the occupation of mill- wright for some years. He went to British Columbia in 1862, the year of the gold excitement, and was in a moderate degree successful. He married, on the 7th April, 1864, Margaret, daughter of David Mc- Dougall, North Bank, Charlotteburg. The family of Mrs. Rayside were amongst the earliest settlers of the County of Glen- garry, and the name of her. grandfather, Duncan Robertson, was a household word, and is handed down to the present gener- ation for his liberality and kindness to all that sought relief. This branch of the 670 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF family had a large connection. David Mc- Dougall married Mary Robertson, daughter of Duncan Robertson ; and Mr. McDou- gall's mother was a Munroe, a family which had a wide connection, so that, taking it all round, Mrs. Rayside has a large number of cousins, uncles and aunts. Mr. Rayside has a family of four daughters and two sons living, and the two eldest daughters are now attending the Ladies' College at Ottawa. Mr. Rayside was councillor and reeve of the township of Charlotteburg from 1868 to 1872 ; was elected in the by-election to the Ontario Legislature in October, 1882, and again returned to fill the same position in February, 1883. In politics Mr. Rayside is a staunch Reformer ; and in religion is a Presbyterian. He has been identified with the lumber trade since 1872, and still con- tinues in the same business. He removed from Martintown, Glengarry, to Lancaster, Glengarry, in May, 1880, where he still re- sides. Mr. Rayside was an unsuccessful candidate at the general election of 1879. He was first elected to the Legislative As- sembly on the 18th October, 1882, on the resignation of the sitting member, Mr. Mc- Master, to stand for the Commons. Mr. Rayside is a useful and industrious member of the legislature. Blaicher, Peter Campbell, Ham- milton, was born in the County of Went- worth, near Hamilton, in 1835. He is a son of George David and Sarah (Campbell) Blaicher, who removed from the province of New Brunswick in 1835, and settled upon a farm in the township of Saltfleet. Upon this farm G. D. Blaicher laboured for a time, and in 1837, he took up arms on the side of the Crown. He died in 1875, leaving a family of six children, the subject of this sketch being the third eldest. Peter C. Blaicher received a common school educa- tion, concluding his studies in the Provincial Normal School, Toronto, whence he gra- duated in 1859, with high honours, being one of the four out of 160 pupils, who re- ceived a first-class certificate, grade A, as a teacher. He had, in 1854, received a second- class certificate, being then in his seven- teenth year. He taught now for a time in the County of Haldimand, but in 1860, ob- tained the position of second master of the High school in the town of Peteroorough, in which position he remained for five years, when he was qualified as an inspec- tor of public schools for the Dominion of Canada. In 1865, Mr. Blaicher concluded to give up teaching and learn a profession ; and accordingly in the same year he began te learn the drug business in Peterborough. In 1866, he removed to Hamilton, where he opened up a drug store, and in this business he has continued ever since. But Mr. Blaicher was a man who had always given much attention to municipal questions and public matters generally, and it was not strange that he soon came to be recognised as a " likely candidate " for some sort of a political position. He was elected a member of the Board of Education for the city of Hamilton in 1879 ; was elected aiderman of number two ward of the same city, and re- elected the years 1880-85, and at present time (1885), is chairman of the finance com- mittee. He had held the position of chair- man .of the hospital committee, from 1880 till 1883, and it was during this period the pre- sent hospital was established, an institution which reflects credit upon the province, and owes not a little for its existence to the energy and public spiritedness of Mr. Blaicher. With secret society work, Mr. Blaicher has concerned himself much : he is a member of the Masonic order, and has held most of the offices in that body; is also a member of the A. O. U. W., and is master of Dixon lodge of Hamilton. In religion, he is a Protes- tant, and in politics a Conservative. He has always taken a leading part in political affairs, and is chairman of a Conservative Ward Association. He is likewise vice- president of the Hamilton Pharmaceutical Society. Mr. Blaicher married in 1861, Jemina P., daughter of the late James Big- gar, of the township of Trafalgar, and has issue three children. Of these Clara, the eldest and only daughter, is a graduate of the Wesleyan College, and married in 1883, S. N. Sterling, of the firm of Sterling Bros., wholesale merchants, of London, Ontario. Schultz, Hon. John Christian, Ottawa, Senator, was born in Amherstburg, Essex county, Ontario, in the year 1841. His father was of Scandinavian descent ; his mother, Elizabeth Reilly, of Irish extraction. His early days gave no promise of the power- ful physique and remarkable endurance de- veloped in later years. At school, he was, although large for his age, rather delicate in health, and deemed by his schoolmates somewhat of a " Molly." It was no trouble for him to learn his lessons, and he seemed always to have leisure to do "sums" for his companions, or otherwise to assist in what, to them, were irksome tasks. He was what Whittier describes as " a silent, shy, peace-loving " lad, who gave to those about him no sign of the self-reliance and extra- ordinary will which after years developed CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 671 His early education was received in part at the hands of a retired soldier, whose nar- rowness and ignorance as a teacher were luridly relieved by handiness with the " tawse," and vigilance in detecting the peccadilloes of his scholars. After a few years spent behind the counter of a country store, kept by his half-brother, Henry Mc- Kenney, afterwards sheriff of Red River, young Schultz set out to qualify himself for the medical profession. Having no wealthy relatives to assist him, he chose to ship as a common sailor on a vessel plying between Chicago and Buffalo or Kingston : saved his wages, and attended, first, Oberlin College, in Ohio, and afterwards Queen's College, Kingston, graduating from the latter as a full-fledged medico in 1862. Without delay, save that of a single night, devoted to visit- ing his favourite aunt, Mrs. Captain Hack- ett, at Amherstburg, the young doctor, re- solute, tall, and rendered athletic by his sailor's life, started for the Red River Set- tlement, which was then a sort of Wonder Land. For some years he was lost sight of, except by the few with whom he correspond- ed. How he and his brother toiled, whip- sawing by hand, out of Red River trees, every plank with which to build their first house ; trading for furs with Indians and half-breeds, living sometimes on pemmican and such fish as they caught, or game they could shoot; the doctor visiting his patients on snow-shoes, and often taking his pay in furs or buffalo skins, these were matters of later narration to eager listeners when the usually reticent doctor, on his trips to Montreal to sell furs and buy supplies, could be coaxed by his familiars to tell of his dis- tant prairie life. Observant and studious, he had informed himself of the fauna and flora, the soil and climate, the attractions and capacities of the great lone land, so soon to become known to the world as the Cana- dian North-West. He perceived the value of this region for grain-growing and cattle- grazing, and lost no opportunity of sound- ing its praises in the ears of listeners, then none too willing, in Canadian cities. Hav- ing purchased the press and types of the Nor'-Wester, established by Ross & Bucking- ham, the Red River doctor varied his oper- ations by writing items and articles for the little monthly or weekly sheet which was the precursor of the Winnipeg dailies of to- day. Loyal to what he deemed the best in- terests of the great territory which had too long been retained as a fur preserve by the then all-powerful Hudson's Bay Company, and bold in defence of the claims of settlers, Schultz made himself obnoxious to the au- thorities of that corporation. At their in- stance he was on one occasion, in 1868, bound hand and foot, and consigned to pri- son as " a dangerous person," only to be released by an excited crowd of the inhabit- ants, who battered in the jail walls and broke open its door. The six or eight thous- and members of the colony were now resolv- ed to have some voice in the management of their own affairs, being heartily tired of Hudson's Bay rule, and communicated with Downing Street, asking sanction for a pro- visional government, or else to be allowed to elect some of the members of the council at Assinniboia. This was not granted, but these wishes of the people gave rise to steps on the part of the government of Canada, which resulted in the extinguishment of the Hudson's Bay Company's claims by pay- ment of £300,000 sterling, and the transfer of the territory to Canada, in terms of the B.N.A. Act of 1867. When, in 1869, Hon. William McDougall went to Manitoba in the capacity of provincial governor, he was stopped at its threshold by order of the "Provisional Government," of which Louis Riel was the head and front. At this time, according to Archbishop Tachd's evidence, "there was no British flag hoisted in the territory for two years previous to the movement," except the flag of Dr. Schultz ; a Union Jack, which had the word Can- ada upon it, and it was considered a party flag." Riel, with a hundred armed men had taken possession of Fort Garry, with its guns and stores, custom house books and papers; hoisted a flag with a fleur-de-lis and shamrock on it; made a prisoner of Dr. Walter Bown, the proprietor of the Nor'- Wester, for refusing to print a proclamation of authority; demanded the contents of Dr. Schultz' warehouse, and on his refusal planted cannon to command it, and threat- ened to knock it down. On December 7th, Schultz, with some forty-six other Canadi- ans were treacherously made prisoners, and the doctor placed in solitary confinement. For many weary weeks he was thus kept in a room without fire, sleeping upon the floor with a single buffalo-skin for covering, watched by an armed guard, and refused the sight of his invalid wife, for whom he pre- scribed from out his prison house. But one night the guard was induced to watch out- side instead of inside his door, when the doughty prisoner, whose only tools were a penknife and a gimlet, made an opening through the window fastenings, squeezed his body through, but in the attempt to let 672 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF himself down the strips of buffalo skin gave way and he fell twenty feet, injuring his thigh. Lamed as he was, he had still to scale the fort's outer wall, from whose top he threw himself into a friendly snow-drift. Then with painful steps he walked some miles, and by daylight reached the house of a friendly settler, where he lay concealed, though sought for by Riel's emissaries far and near. Determined to reach Canada, he started as soon as his injured thigh would permit, and on snow-shoes, escorted by a shrewd and faithful Scotch half-breed guide, Joseph Monkman, and making a wide detour northward to avoid capture (for Riel had declared that "as for Dr. Schultz, he is exiled for ever, all his prop- erty is confiscated, and if found in the country he is liable to be shot,") reached Duluth, Minnesota. After a few days rest, Dr. Schultz and his guide pushed on to Windsor, London, Toronto, Kingston and Montreal. At all these points, and many others, their reception was most stirring, for the people learned then what indig- nities their countrymen of Boulton's force suffered as prisoners of the insurgents. For his intrepid stand in defence of the interests of Canada, Dr. Schultz was presented in various towns with addresses, a gold watch, a gold chain, a rifle, and other gifts. Indig- nation meetings were held, and at the one in Toronto, on April 6th, when Dr. Schultz, Charles Mair, Dr. Lynch and Mr. Setter were present-all refugees from Riel's viol- ence-the government was called on to take action. In Montreal, an indignation meet- ing crowded the Mechanics' Hall, and an incautious sympathizer with the insurgents was thrown bodily down the stairway at the imminent risk of his neck. The subject of this sketch now returned to Winnipeg, giv- ing his assistance to the organization of au- thority and the restoration of tranquillity. In the following year he was returned as member for Lisgar in the parliament of Can- ada, continuing to represent that constitu- ency, with a short interval, until 1883, when he was chosen a senator of the Dominion. Diligence in business had brought Dr. Schultz considerable wealth. He had been a successful trader, and had acquired land in Winnipeg and other parts of the country which rose enormously in value during the "boom." He had also been prominent in organizing the North-West Trading Co., the Southwestern Railway Co., the Great Northwestern Telegraph Co., and other en- terprises in the province. But his unstint- ed labors, carelessness of his health, and above all, the injuries and exposure suffered during imprisonment and escape, under- mined his health, and for the past four years he has remained mostly at Ottawa, an invalid. His life has been at different times despaired of, but unfailing pluck has carried him on crutches to his seat in the Senate, where, in spite of a bronchial affection, he has pleaded for better treatment to the In- dians, and has rendered great service to that western country through knowledge of its requirements and faith in its future. The delicate Essex lad, schooled on the great lakes, in the forest, on the prairie, has be- come a distinguished son of the great Do- minion. Pickup, John Wallwork, Brook- ville, Ont., M.D., L.R.C.S., Edin., was born at Stockport, near Manchester, England, June 18th, 1838. He is a son of Edmund Pickup and Sarah Wall work, both of whom came to Canada in May, 1842. Mrs. Pickup died in 1848. Edmund Pickup carried on the business of bookseller, publisher, station- er and news agent in Montreal, for many years, and was well known as a prominent business man, and as one of the leading members of the Wesleyan Methodist church, of which he was a devoted adherent. He died in May, 1879. John W. Pickup was educat- ed at Montreal, attending several of the leading private acadamies of that city, and concluding at McGill University. He was medical superintendent of the Quebec Luna- tic Asylum from 1865 to 1869. He has always been a Conservative in politics, and has usually been connected with any associ- ation of that political character in the com- munity. He was initiated into Freemasonry in St. John's lodge, E. R., No. 544, Carle- ton Place, in March, 1863, and on removing from the Quebec Asylum to Pakenham, Ont., in 1869, became the tirst W. M. of Eureka lodge, No. 248, G.R.C., presiding for three successive years as W. M. In 1874 he was first elected D.D.G.M. of the Ottawa dis- trict, which office he again held for the years 1878-9. Dr. Pickup was educated as a Methodist, but has always favoured mode- rate Episcopalianism. He married, on the 19th June, 1867, Alice Elizabeth Hulbert, of Prescott, Ont. There have been by this union three boys, the eldest of whom is studying law. Dr. Pickup first commenced practice in Richmond, Ont., in 1860, having graduated at McGill on May 4th of that year. He proceeded to England in 1862, " walked the hospitals," obtained the diplo- ma of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edin- burgh, and returned to Ashton, near Rich- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 673 mond, Ont., where he remained in general practice till the spring of 1864, when he re- moved to Montreal. Here he practised till his appointment to the position of superin- tendent of the Quebec Lunatic Asylum in 1865, which office he resigned in 1869, after four years' residence, to return to general practice at Pakenham, Ont. At the latter place he remained for ten years, removing to Brookville in May, 1879. Since remov- ing to Brookville, Dr. Pickup has led an active professional life, and has taken a zea- lous interest in the progress of the town. He is now president of the Brookville Medi- cal and Surgical Association. Conley, Thomas, Kempville, Ontario, was born on the 2nd of August, 1841, in the County of Antrim, Ireland. He is a son of Robert and Mary (Stewart) Conley, both of whom still reside in Antrim, having passed their 74th birth-day. Thomas Conley re- ceived a public school education, and served his apprenticeship in Belfast to the business of merchant tailor. In 1858, he emigrated to New York, remaining in the United States until the fall of 1862, when he came over to Canada, settling in the following year at North Gower, where he commenced business for himself. On July 26th, 1863, Mr. Conley married Margaret Jane, daugh- ter of Henry Mulvaugh, a gentleman who fought as a volunteer at the Windmill, near Prescott, in the winter of 1838, in defence of Canada. In 1867, Thomas Conley as- sisted in raising No. 4 company, 43rd bat- talion, and was chosen first lieutenant. In 1869, he took command of the company, and in May, 1870, was ordered out on ac- tive service at Fort Wellington, Prescott, where he passed a military examination be- fore the board. On October 18th following, he was gazetted captain and received his certificate as an efficient officer, and also a commission as captain, signed by Lord Monck, who was then governor-general of Canada. In March 1873, Mr. Conley re- signed his command owing to ill health, and in the same summer he paid a visit to his native home, returning in the fall. In April, 1874, he moved to Kemptville, and has been engaged there since that time, in the pursuit of his trade as merchant tailor. In 1876, he was elected councillor ; in January, 1880, was elected reeve of the village, and this latter position he held until 1886, when he retired. In 1884, Mr. Conley was elected warden of the united counties of Leeds and Grenville, and it can justly be said that dur- ing his term as reeve, and in a large degree, owing to his exertions, the town improved in many important ways. A steam fire-engine was purchased, an efficient fire company was enrolled, and Mr. Conley was elected chief, a position which he held for three years, when he retired. Mr. Conley became a mem- ber of the Orange Association in 1865, and a member of the Black Chapter, having occu- pied the position as master. In January, 1868, he became a member of Goodwood lodge, No. 159, A. F. A. M., at Richmond. He assisted in establishing a lodge at North Gower, No. 206, and was elected worshipful master for three terms. On settling in Kemptville, he became a member of Mount Zion lodge, No. 28, and was elected wor- shipful master for 1885. In March, 1885, he became a member of the Royal Arch Chap- ter at Ottawa, No. 16, Carleton Chapter. In politics Mr. Conley has always been a Lib- eral-Conservative, and taken a deep and active interest on behalf of his party and in the interests of the country. He has all his life been a Methodist, his father's family being among the first adherents of John Wesley, but formerly belonged to the Pres- byterian church. His first wife died on October 20th, 1875, leaving four sons, all of whom are living. He again married in June, 1877, Letitia, daughter of William McLoughlin, of South Gower. By the lat- ter marriage, there are one son and three daughters. A very fair measure of success has attended Mr. Conley's exertions, which may be attributed to his high personal in- tegrity, his constant industry, and good business capacity. He has travelled through the greater portion of this country and through the United States, and as a place of residence and business, declares that he would not have any difficulty in giving the preference to the free and thriving Province of Ontario. Montgomery, Hon, Donald, Sena- tor, Park Corner, Prince Edward Island, was born at Princetown, Prince Edward Island, on the 19th January, 1808. He is the sixth son of the late Daniel Montgomery, who emigrated from Argyleshire, Scotland, to Prince Edward Island, upwards of a cen- tury ago, and who for thirty-five years re- presented Prince county in the Provincial Assembly. His mother was, before mar- riage, Miss Penman of New England. Donald Montgomery attended school at Princetown, and received an ordinary Eng- lish education. He began when a very young man to give attention to public ques- tions, and when he reached his thirtieth year, he was elected for Princetown to the Provincial Assembly of the island, in which 674 A CYCLOPEDIA OF body he sat until 1862. During this period he was for four years speaker of the House ; and upon the Legislative Council being made elective in 1862, he entered that body, be- coming its speaker. This office he held till 1874. In 1873 he was called to the Senate by Royal proclamation, and has since con- tinued to sit in that body. Senator Mont- gomery is a moderate Conservative, but his course in the Senate has never been dictated by party exigencies. He is a man of very high personal character, and his counsels always have been wise, just and moderate. He married in 1835 Ann Mur- ray, who died in 1858"; he married again on the 2nd May, 1861, Louisa, relict of the late Lawrence W. Gall. Pringle, Jacob Farrand, Cornwall, Judge of the County Court of the united Counties of Stormont, Dundas, and Glen- garry; Local Judge of the High Court; Judge of the Surrogate Court; Surrogate Judge of the Maritime Court ; Local Master Supreme Court, was born on June 27th, 1816, in the City of Valenciennes, Dept. Nord, France, and is a son of James and Ann Margaret (Anderson) Pringle. The family is a very ancient and very prominent one in Scottish annals. The surname is prevalent in the south of Scotland, a corruption, as Sir George McKenzie conjectures, of the word Pelevin, or " pilgrim." The anals of the Pringles state that one Pelerin, who had gone on pilgrimage to the Holy Land, hav- ing settled in Teviotdale, his descendants were called from him " Hop Pringle." the prefix "Hop" being synonymous with the British "Ap," or Irish " 0," signifying a son or descendant. Hop Pringle is there- fore supposed to have meant a son of the Pilgrim. The most ancient family of the name is in Teviotdale, where the name is numerous and is Hop Pringle of that ilk, now designated of Torsonce. Escallops are the proper figures of those of the surname of Pringle. The arms of Pringle of Torsonce are argent, a bend sable, charged with three escallops, or, crest, an escallop as the for- mer. Motto, Amicitia Reddit Honores, and supported on the dexter side by a deer, sin- ister by a grey hound, argent, with collars about their necks sable, charged with escal- lops, or, and upon the compartment are the words Pressa est insignis gloria facti. Judge Pringle is directly descended from the Tor- sonce Pringles, and the family intermarried with the Ogilvies of Lounmay, and with the Abercrombies of Birkenbog, a member of which was the celebrated General Sir Ralph Abercrombie, who was killed in the battle near Alexandria, in Egypt. Judge Pringle's father, James Pringle, was educated at Wat- son's Hospital, in Edinburgh, and after com- pleting his education, he went to England, where he obtained an ensign's commission, in the Dorset militia, under Col. Bingham. After serving in that corps for two years, he was appointed to an ensigncy in the 81st regt., in 1809. He did garrison duty at Blatchington and Eastbourne, in England, and at St. Hiliers, in Jersey. He sailed from Jersey in January, 1313, to join the regi- ment in Spain, and served under Generals Murray and Lord William Bentinck, on the east coast of Spain, until the close of the war in 1814. He was at the first and second sieges of Tarragona, at Barcelona, and in several small engagements, but not in any pitched battle. He marched across Spain from St. Filiu, near Barcelona, to Oyerzun, then to Bordeaux. The march continuing from the 4th of April to the 27th of May, 1814. On the 4th of June he embarked with the regiment for Canada, and arrived at Quebec on the 8th of August. The regi- ment marched from Quebec to Kingston, where they were stationed until the 26th of May, 1815, when they left for England. They arrived at Spithead in August; on the 5th they sailed for Ostend, whence they marched to Paris. They were stationed near Paris until December, when they marched to Valenciennes, where they re- mained until the army of occupation was withdrawn from France. Mr. Pringle, who was then a lieutenant, was put on half-pay with several other officers on the reduction of the army in March, 1817. While the regiment was in Canada, Mr. Pringle mar- ried on October 3rd, 1814, Ann Margaret Anderson, daughter of Major Joseph An- derson, of Cornwall, whom he met for the first time at her father's house, on the 22nd of September. The wooing was short, but the married life was happy. In the autumn of 1817 they returned to Canada, where they remained for the rest of their lives. Mr. Pringle was clerk of the land board for some years ; was deputy clerk of the peace, and deputy registrar for the Eastern dis- trict, under Arch. McLean, from 1825 until 1837, when Mr. McLean was raised to the bench, and Mr. Pringle received the ap- pointment as clerk of the peace. He was also for many years clerk of the county council; and was also an elder in the Presby- terian church in Cornwall, in connection with the Church of Scotland. He died in October, 1860, and his widow survived him until Aug- ust, 1870. J. F. Pringle was educated at CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 675 the Cornwall Grammar school, by the Rev. H. Urquhart, a worthy successor of the Rev. John Strachan, afterwards bishop of Toron- to. He received instruction in classics, mathematics, and the usual English branches given in a district school at that time, 1826 to 1833. He left school in the beginning of 1833, passed as a law student at Osgoode Hall in February of that year, and studied law in the office of Geo. S. Jarvis, afterwards judge of the Eastern District Court. He was admitted an attorney and passed as barris- ter in November, 1838 ; was in partnership with Mr. Jarvis until the close of 1840; he commenced business on his own account on the first of January, 1841, and continued to practice with success until November, 1866, when he was appointed junior judge of the County Court of the united Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. When the rebellion broke out in 1837, a company of three officers and fifty men volunteered to go and occupy the fort at Coteau du Lac. He was one of the fifty, and the company was at the fort about two weeks, when they were relieved by another company. In December, 1838, Mr. Pringle joined an independent company of artillery, which his father had been ordered to raise at Cornwall, and serv- ed as sergeant in the same until the 27th of May, 1839, when it was disbanded. The company was soon after re-organized on the sedentary list, and Mr. Pringle was made lieutenant, which rank he held until No- vember, 1862, when he raised a company of infantry, and obtained the rank of captain. This company went through the usual drills and inspection until the 7th of March, 1866, when, in consequence of the threatened Fenian invasion, it was called out for active service, and remained on duty at Cornwall until the 23rd of July, 1866. Having been appointed junior judge, Mr. Pringle was allowed to retire, retaining his rank. He was elected a member of the Corn- wall board of police, in 1846, and of the town council in 1852-3-4-5 and 6. During the last two years he was mayor of the town. In November, 1857, he was appointed clerk of the county council of the united Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry ; on the 20th of February, 1858, on the resigna- tion of his father, he was appointed clerk of the peace for the same counties, and was at the same time county attorney. He held these offices until the 15th November, 1866, when he was appointed junior judge. In 1870, he was made local master in Chan- cery ; on the 17th of June, 1878, on the death of His Honor Judge Jarvis, he was made judge. Judge Pringle was made sur- rogate judge of the Maritime Court on the 8th of March 1879, and on the 14th of March 1882, local judge of the High Court. He is also judge of the Surrogate Court. He is therefore entitled now to sign himself : J. C.C., J.S.C., J.P., Ch.G.S., L.M.C., L.I. H.C., and S.J.M.C. Judge Pringle ex- erted himself hard for the improvement of the road from the town to the rear of the county, a distance of 18 or 20 miles, and succeeded in getting four miles of it made. He joined the Independent Order' of Odd- fellows in 1846, and held the offices of vice, noble, and past grand. In 1860 he joined the Masonic lodge at Cornwall, and held the office of master for one or two years, but he is not at present affiliated with any lodge. Judge Pringle has never taken an active part in politics, either local or federal, but he has always voted on the Conservative side as long as he had the right to vote; but since January, 1858, he has not voted even at a municipal election. Judge Pringle be- longs to that branch of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, that was before the union in connection with the Kirk of Scotland. He is a member of the congregation of St. John's church ; has been for many years an elder, and a trustee for the church property. Judge Pringle married on the 10th Septem- ber, 1844, Isabella, third daughter of Colonel the Hon. Alexander Fraser, of Fraserfield, in the County of Glengarry. By this mar- riage there were nine children, five sons and four daughters. The youngest daughter, Edith, died in May, 1882. The eldest son, James Farrand, and the fourth son, George W., are in mercantile business in Cornwall ; the second son, Alexander Fraser, is a doctor, practisingat Northfield, Minnesota; the third son, Robert Abercrombie, is a barrister, in partnership with James Leitch, mayor of Cornwall ; the fifth, William Rodger Mc- Intyre, is at McGill University, studying medicine. He went to the North-West last April, as a dresser in the Field Hospital corps, was on duty on the Northcote, when she passed Batoche on the 9th of May, and was wounded in the left shoulder very early in the action. The eldest daughter, Annie (now a widow), was married to Arthur Moren, of Halifax. M.D., son of James A Moren, of the same city, merchant. Tho second daughter, Margaret, married F. J. Hall, a son of the late James Hall, at one time sheriff of Peterborough ; the third, Isabella, married Thos. Ritchie, of Halifax, barrister, son of the Hon. John Ritchie, late equity judge of Nova Scotia ; the fourth, 676 A CYCLOPEDIA 01 Mary Christine, married J. Athalmar Ayl- mer, civil engineer, son of the Hon. Henry Aylmer, of Melbourne, Quebec. Alexander Pringle married Clara Allen, daughter of Mr. Allen, of Northfield ; Robert, married Ada Vanarsdale, daughter of J. Vanarsdale, of Cornwall. Walkem, Richard Thomas, Q.C., Kingston, was born at Waterford, Ireland, on the 30th September, 1840. He is a son of Charles Walkem, late royal surveyor at- tached to the Royal engineers, and latterly of the Militia department, Ottawa, by his wife Mary Anne, daughter of George Boomer, and sister of the Very Rev. Dean Boomer, of the diocese of Huron. Charles Walkem belonged to a family, which lived for many generations nearGaltasb, in Corn- wall, England. The Boomers are descend- ed from a Huguenot family, which settled in the North of Ireland at the end of the seventeeth century. Richard T. Walkem is the fourth child of a family of seven sons and three daughters, the eldest of the former being at present the Hon. Mr. Justice Walkem of the Supreme Court, British Columbia, and for many years premier and attorney-general in that pro- vince. The subject of this memoir was edu- cated at Phillip's Montreal Academy, and at the High School and McGill College, Montreal, where he took first rank honours in classics and mathematics, and several prizes. He left Montreal in 1860 to study law in Toronto. Here he entered succes- sively the offices of Geo. A. Walkem, Dr. Larratt Smith, and Adam Crooks. He gained the third year scholarship of the Law Society of Upper Canada, and was awarded a special scholarship in the fourth year, and he was senior or first-prize student in each year during his attendance at the law school. He removed to Kingston in 1864, and entered the office of the late Thomas Kirkpatrick, Q. C., M. P. ; was admitted to the bar in November, 1865 ; entered into partnership in 1866 with J. P. Gildersleeve, and subsequently with J. B. Walkem. He was created a Queen's counsel in 1880, and subsequently became profes- sor of equity in Queen's University, Kings- ton. Mr. Walkem is the author of a work on Wills, published in 1873, and for many years used as a text-book for students by the Law Society. He published another work in 1874, on the law relating to the Property of Married Women. He is a member of the Church of England, and has been a delegate from St. George's Cathedral to the synod of the Diocese of Ontario for nearly twenty years. He has for many years likewise been a member of the Pro- vincial Synod. He is a Freemason, and a member of the board of general purposes in the Grand Lodge of Canada, and is chair- man of the committee on grievances and ap- peals. Mr. Walkem is a Liberal-Conserva- tive, and has always taken an active interest in politics. He is. vice-president of the Kingston Art School, and a director of the Gas Company. He married, on the 20th of April, 1870, Emilie, eldest daughter of Dr. Henderson, Q.C., chancellor of the Diocese of Ontario, and past grand master of the Grand Lodge of Canada. He has by this union four sons and one daughter. Laflamme, Hon. Toussaint, A.R., Montreal, P.C., ex-Minister of Justice for Canada, was born at Montreal, on the 15th of May, 1827. He is a son of Toussaint Laflamme, a merchant of good standing in the commercial capital of Canada, and his mother was Marguerite Suzanne Thibau- deau, of Point Claire, a lady who traced her descent from one of the first families of France. Her grandfather, we learn from a trustworthy source, had lived in Grand Pie, at the time of the expulsion of the Acadians, and he, in common with his compatriots, was forced to leave the land of his birth, for reasons which are familiar to all students of the history of French domination in America. While yet a boy, young Laflamme espoused the cause of Liberalism, and identified himself with the great national and progressive move- ments of the day. He entered the college of St. Sulpice, and exhibited while there remarkable powers for study. He next en- tered the office of the Hon. L. T. Drum- mond, Q.C., afterwards judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, and in 1848, was called to the bar of Lower Canada. When only in his nineteenth year, he was elected to the responsible position of president of the In- stitut Canadien of Montreal. He soon be- came a leader among the younger political spirits, for he was full of zeal and of patrio- tism, and believed that his people were suf- fering grievous wrongs. Time and experi- ence afterwards subdued the fire of his feel- ings, but he has always been a steadfast lover of his people, and true to the interests of his province. When L'Avenir, that bold and brilliant organ of the Rouges, was estab- lished, M. Laflamme was chosen to take a leading position upon its editorial staff. The policy of the party, we are informed, was re- echoed in the impassioned columns of the new journal. The paper was at no pains to con- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 677 ceal its hostility to existing institutions, and every outbreak of the people in other lands was warmly applauded by the conductors of L'Avenir. It went at one time beyond the bounds of prudence in invoking hostility to Canadian institutions, and alarmed the church, whose clergy thereaftar waged a bitter war against M. Laflamme and his friends. The church was too strong for the young liberals, and the English population leagued itself with the French clergy. ' ' Af- ter a short but brilliant battle," says Mr. Dent, "the party succumbed before the superior force which had been allied against them." M. Laflamme, we may say, was ex- tremely active as the professional adviser of the seigneurs, who claimed indemnity in virtue of the Seigniorial Act of 1857-8, and he had, while one of the editors of L'Avenir, done much to bring about a settlement of the vexed question. Having given such careful and long study to the subject, he was well qualified to fill the position of counsel for the seigneurs, and he acquitted himself with marked ability and judgment. On sev- eral occasions he appeared before the Privy Council of England to argue the case, and commanded attention there by his brilli- ancy. In 1856, McGill conferred upon him the degree of B.C.L., and in 1873, of D.C.L., and he was twice elected batonnier for the section of the bar of Montreal, and several times selected delegate for the same. He is professor of the law of real estate at McGill University, and a member of the executive of the Reform Association of the Parti Nationale of Montreal. He was offer- ed a puisne judgship in the Supreme Court in 1875, but declined the honour. In 1872, M. Laflamme was first elected to parlia- ment to represent the County of Jacques Cartier. In 1874, he was elected by accla- mation for the same constituency ; and in 1876, was sworn in member of the Privy Council as Minister of Inland Revenue, vice the Hon. Mr. Geofirion, and was re- elected on November of the same year. On the 8th of June he became Minister of Justice, which office he held till the down- fall of the administration in 1878. While Minister of Justice, M. Laflamme introduced a bill for further securing the independence of parliament; and a bill giving to the de- crees of the Ontario Maritime Court the same meaning and force as are attached to those of the Court of Chancery. He likewise brought in a bill providing for the abolition of the office of receiver-general, and the creation of the office of attorney- general, who should be a cabinet minister, and preside over the Law department with the Minister of Justice. This bill the Senate rejected. Other important bills were also introduced, by or under the auspices of the hon. gentleman. He was an exceedingly capable minister, and his official decisions were remarkable for their learning, the closeness and clearness of their reasoning, and the judicial spirit that pervaded them. M. Laflamme has been head of the impor- tant law firm in Montreal of Laflamme, Huntington & Laflamme. He has never married. McCrae, Thomas, of Guelph, On- tario, Stock-breeder and Farmer, is well known as the foremost breeder of Galloway cattle in Canada, and indeed the pioneer of the black polls in America. For over a quarter of a century he has advocated the excellence and hardiness of the Galloways, and now more of the first class Galloways on the farms and ranches of the Western States trace to animals from his herd than to any other herd in the continent. While he has bred and fed many good animals of other breeds-as shorthorns, polled Augus, and Ayrshires-he has never swerved from his faith in the Galloways. For many years his herd has taken a prominent place at provincial and other exhibitions, and numerous medals and diplomas attest the excellence of the animals of his breeding. Kintail, in Ross-shire, is the home of the Clan Macrae-originally spelt MacRa. The clan claims descent from the early emigra- tion of Scots from Ireland. Icolmkill, the sacred isle of St. Columba, is the resting place of some of their early chiefs. In Kin- tail they were under the chief of the clan Mackenzie, and have been for a very long period allies of that clan. They took up the cause of the Stuarts, and were out in the rebellion of 1715, suffering very severely at the battle of Sheriffmuir. Many of the clan had to leave the Highlands at this time, and were scattered over the south-west of Scotland and the north of Ireland. The family from which the subject of this sketch is descended have been, since about that time, located in the hilly district of Ayr- shire. Robert McCrae, of Cumnock, Ayr- shire, had a son John, born in 1749. This John lived for many years in New Cum- nock and married Jean McCowan. He was a very godly man, and a strong supporter of the early dissenters, his house being a resort of the preachers of the old secession. He died in 1827, aged 78. His family con- sisted of seven sons and two daughters. The eldest, Marmaduke McCrae, born 1772, 678 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF moved to Carsphairn, and for many years herded on the lofty Cairnsmore. He sur- vived till 1856, being at the time of his death 84. His wife was Sarah Blackwood, and his son, David McCrae, was born at the Holm of Dalquhairn, 30th June, 1800. This David married Maria Munroe, who still survives, and their eldest son, Thomas, was born at Dukeston, Kells, 23rd October, 1820. David came to Canada with his son, and died at Guelph, in 1878, aged 78 years. Thomas had only such an education as the parish school of the Kells afforded, and at an early age he was sent to learn the mys- teries of a shepherd's life. The training he then got he still retains, and he can yet pick out a sheep by its features, noting and remembering the face of the animal as others do the features of the human family. During his early life he was much among the Galloways, in their native district, and this, no doubt, accounted for his taking them up so strongly in Canada. When nearing manhood he went again to school for a time, and then went into mercantile life, and began business in the village of Lauriston, about six miles from Castle- Douglas. He built there a shop and dwell- ing. The shop is still the principal one in the village, and the business, with the post office, still retained and conducted by his nephews. Thomas had before this married Jean Campbell, daughter of William Camp- bell and Jean Scott. The Campbells were an old family on the upper ranges of the Water of Nith, William's father having been many years tenant of the farm of Dal jig, New Cumnock. The family were Covenan- ters during the time of the persecution, as were also the Scotts, who came from near Lockerbie for greater security. Both families were strong dissenters, and supporters of the U.P. Church. In 1849, Thomas McCrae decided to emigrate to Canada, and having sold his business to his brother-in-law- Walter Scott Campbell-he left Kircud- bright, with his wife, and family of two children- David and Margaret-and accom- panied by his father's family, sailed by the Countess of Galloway to Liverpool, and thence by the ship Empress to New York. The voyage was anything but pleasant those days. An incipient mutiny amongst the steerage passengers was put down by the officers, and was not so formidable as the small pox which followed. Arrived at New York, they came up the Hudson to Albany, where every effort was made to prevent the emigrants from going to Canada, and some were, against their will, sent west. They would not be turned, and by way of Roch- ester crossed Lake Ontario, landed at Tor- onto, and from thence went by boat to Hamilton. Arrived there in the month of May, the families were put in lodgings, and the heads sallied out to spy the land. Go- ing down one of the streets in Hamilton, they saw a stage coach starting, and enquired where it was going, and received for answer, " To Galt and Guelph," and this was the first time they had heard the name "Guelph." They took passage, and after passing Galt, were the only passengers. The roads were very bad, and much of the way had to be made on foot, and several times the driver had to be assisted to pry the wheels out of mud-holes by the help of a fence rail. Arrived at Guelph, they went into the country the next day, and rented the farm of the late Mr. Davis, about six miles from the town. The families were brought from Hamilton as soon as possible, and the colonist life began. The new life was strange to them, but they went at it with a will, and did fairly well. Hear- ing of a church a few miles off, in Eramosa, they walked over one Sabbath day, and heard the late Dr. Barrie, of Eramosa, preach. At the close of the service the Dr., noticing the strangers, came forward, and shaking them heartily by the hand, wel- comed them to the church and the land, and in his quaint, humorous way added :- "You have come to a grand country-a grand country, but the scum of all the earth come here." The acquaintance thus curi- ously begun ripened into friendship, which continued till Dr. Barrie's death. Thomas worked on the farm with his father all the summer and fall of 1849, but early in 1850 he moved into Guelph, and took such work as could be got. Times were dull-very dull-and even for a willing worker there was little to be got. His first job was cutting cord-wood with a buck saw. This was followed by barreling flour in the People's Mills and weighing grain, and in the spring he secured the position of clerk and bookkeeper in the Wellington Foun- dry. This position he held for three years, and left it to go into business with David Anderson, in the Guelph Lumber Yard. This business began as McCrae & Anderson, continued for some time, and when Mr. Anderson left for his farm in Erin, the business was continued by Thomas McCrae alone for some time, and then as McCrae & Thomson, with John Thomson. This firm purchased the saw mills and timber limits in East Flamboro', and the mills were CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 679 run till the pine timber was all cut away in the section. During this time Mr. McCrae supplied the lumber and timber for most of the large buildings in Guelph, and for the Grand Trunk while building. Some of the finest pine lumber ever manufactured in Canada was cut at these mills, and while the commoner sorts were marketed at Guelph, the clear and select was sent by team to Lake Ontario, and shipped to Albany and New York. The pine in this section grew amongst hard-wood. The trees were few, but very large and fine, and the lumber was fine soft, and much of it clear. For many years there would be made clear planks, six, eight and ten inches thick, and too wide to go between the stakes of a waggon-fifty inches. When the lumber trade was over, Mr. McCrae went into the knitting trade with J. & A. Armstrong and John Anderson, who, with Mr. McCrae's son, David, formed the firm of Armstrong, McCrae & Co. They built the woollen works in Guelph, on Hor- skinson street; the firm being formed in 1866. Since the Messrs. Armstrong left the firm and started the manufacture of carpets, the old firm has been carried on as McCrae & Co. The firm have a reputa- tion for the excellence of their yarns and knitted goods all over the Dominion, from Halifax to Victoria. Thomas McCrae, from the time he became connected with the woollen trade, was anxious to utilize the long wools of Canada, and always regretted that there was no home demand for the long lustre wools that were exported to the United States. To obviate this as soon as he could arrange it, he had the firm put in worsted machinery to comb the long Cana- dian wools. This department is now car- ried on at the firm's mills on Mill-land, and the yarns turned out are sustaining the reputation of the firm for excellent work- manship. The mills of the firm employ about 300 hands, and are a great benefit to the City of Guelph. In 1863, Mr. McCrae, who had up to that time lived in Guelph, moved to his farm, a short distance to the south-west, adjoining what is now the On- tario Agricultural College. For some years before this he had been actively engaged with his Galloway herd, which he has now had for over twenty-five years. His success in this line has been already alluded to. With the pure-bred cattle he also took up Cotswold sheep and Essex pigs, and for some years has had very superior Clydesdale horses. He has a stud of seven pure-bred females, several of them prize winners. In 1870 there was no market for the beef so largely grown in the County of Wellington, and Mr. McCrae set himself to find an out- let for the beef, which at that time was a drug, and could not be sold. He formed a partnership with Gideon Hood, George Hood and A. E. Goodfellow, went to Eng- land, and opened a market there, and for some years packed and shipped the largest part of the cattle coming to Guelph market. The business, whilst it did great good at a critical time, was not remunerative, and when by the opening of the live stock trade with England a new and permanent outlet was found, the business was discontinued. Thomas McCrae is an active Presbyterian. For many years an elder in the old U. P. Church-Rev. R. Torrance's-he took an active part in all church courts where his duties called him; was for many years superintendent of Sabbath schools, and is still an active member of the Home Mission committee of the Presbyterian Church of Canada. He was a member of the Pan- Presbyterian Council, which met at Phila- delphia in 1878, and was a member of the union committee, which drafted the basis of union for the different Presbyterian bodies in the Dominion. In politics Mr. McCrae is a Liberal, as all his fathers were, and a strong supporter of all measures of reform tending to the good of the people. He has never filled any municipal office, would never join any secret society, and the only municipal office he has filled has been that of school trustee, which he did for several years, taking an active interest in all educational matters. He has a family of two sons and two daughters. The eldest son, David, being the manager in the firm of McCrae & Co., and the youngest, William, being a farmer and stock breeder near Guelph. His daughter, Margaret, is the wife of Rev. R. Leask, of St. Helen's, and his youngest daughter, Jane, is with her parents at the old homestead. White, Frederick, Comptroller of the North-West Mounted Police, Ottawa, was born in England, on the 16th February, 1847. He was educated in his native place, and on his arrival in Canada settled in the City of Ottawa. On the 18th of March, 1869, he entered the Canadian civil service as clerk in the department of Justice. In April 1876, he was transferred to the de- partment of State as clerk in charge of the Mounted Police branch. On the 23rd Sep- tember 1878, he was promoted to a chief clerkship ; and in the same year was trans- ferred to the department of the Interior, 680 A CYCLOPEDIA OF with the title of comptroller. In July 1883, he received further, the highest promotion by obtaining the rank of deputy-head. From 1880 to 1882 Mr. White was private secretary to the Bight Honourable Sir John A. Macdonald. Mr. White is married to the eldest daughter of the late R. W. Cruise of Ottawa. There is probably not in the civil service of Canada a more popular official than Mr. White ; and he is held in especial esteem by young men. Nor is the esteem confined to the officials of his own department; Mr. White's warm admirers are to be found in all the departments. It is certainly a cause for congratulation to possess the qualities of heart which can make one so popular; but it can also be said of Mr. White that he is one of the most efficient officers in the service; and that man never better earned or deserved promo- tion than he did. The department, at the head of which he has been placed, has come now to be one of the most important in the public service ; and its responsibilities are certain to increase, for the Indian problem must grow more tangled before the difficul- ties are removed. But Mr. White is a safe man at the helm. Bet 11 nlie, James, LL.D., (deceased), was born on the 7th July, 1840, at Glen- garry, Ontario. He is descended from two old and well known Scotch families : on his father's side from the Bethunes, and on his mother's from the Mackenzies. His great-grandfather Angus Bethune, was a U. E. loyalist, who settled at Glengarry in 1778. Here were born Duncan Bethune, our subject's grandfather, and Angus Beth- une, his father. [See elsewhere in these pages memoir of Angus Bethune.] The mother of James Bethune was Ann, daugh- ter of John Mackenzie, of Glengarry. James Bethune spent two years at the University of Queen's College, Kingston, and then entered University College, To- ronto, graduating from the latter institu- tion in 1861, and receiving the degree of bachelor of laws. Concurrently with his university pursuits, James Bethune studied law, first entering the office of Judge Pringle, of Cornwall, and afterwards that of Edward Blake, Toronto. He was called to the bar of Upper Canada, at Easter term, 1862, and to the bar of Quebec, in 1869. At once, upon being admitted to the bar of Upper Canada, he commenced the practice of his profession at Cornwall, and three years later was appointed county crown attorney, for the united Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. Mr. Bethune, however, had been a careful stu- dent of public questions, and had an ambi- tion to enter political life. In 1870 he re- signed his office and became a candidate for Stormont, at the general elections of 1872, for the Legislature of Ontario. He was unsuccessful, but upon the sitting member being unseated and a new election held, he was returned. He was re-elected at the general elections of 1875, and continued to represent this constituency till June, 1879, when he declined to become a candidate again, owing to his extensive practice and the importance of devoting to it his whole time and attention. He removed to Toronto in November, 1870, and in conjunction with the Hon. Edward Blake, S. H. Blake and J. K. Kerr, established the firm of Messrs. Blake, Kerr and Bethune. Upon the ele- vation to the bench of the late Chief Jus- tice Harrison, and Chief Justice Moss, he associated himself with their former part- ners, Messrs. F. Osler and Charles Moss, and formed the well known law firm of Bethune, Osler and Moss, which was con- tinued till the appointment of Mr. Osler to the bench. The firm thereafter was known as Bethune, Moss, Falconbridge & Hoyles, and it became one of the most pro- minent and successful legal firms in the country. In 1875 Mr. Bethune was elected a bencher of the Law Society of Ontario, and he had for some years been lecturer on jurisprudence for that body. He was one of the Queen's counsel appointed by the Ontario government, and when the consti- tutionality of such appointment was raised, he at once resumed the gown of stuff, and laid by the silken one. 4 ' While," says an authority before us, " there have been dif- fering opinions as to the wisdom of this course, there has been none as to the high sense of honour that would not permit him to retain a distinction, the validity of which was open even to the slightest imputation." Mr. Bethune was one of the very ablest lawyers at the Canadian bar. His learning was wonderfully wide, and his power of penetrating a case, seeing its surroundings, and of then lucidly presenting it as a whole, remarkable. His statements were calm, clear and straightforward ; and he was with- out a superior in the application of legal principles. He always scorned to avail himself of "quibbles," the stock-in-trade of little men ; and he even candidly ad- mitted the weak points in his own case. The judges were always glad when he came before them, for he never worried them with ad captandum arguments. His prac- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 681 tice was extensive, ranging from the Assize court to the Supreme court ; and he was connected with many important criminal trials, election trials, cases involving consti- tutional questions, and cases of great mag- nitude in equity. He always was a Refor- mer ; and favoured compulsory voting. He was a Presbyterian, and an elder in St. Andrew's Church, Toronto. He married on October 30th, 1860, Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Rattray, of Cornwall. By this union there were four children. Mr. Bethune died on the 18th December, 1884, profound- ly regretted by the legal fraternity, and the community at large. His reputation was the highest for integrity, honour and ster- ling parts ; and he had but just reached the meridian of his professional powers. Hickson, Joseph, Montreal, General Manager of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, was born at Otterburn, in the County of Northumberland, England, in the year 1830. It is interesting to note the man- ner in which this north country English lad rose to the highest position he can at- tain amongst the railway men of the new world. Unaided, and solely by his own sheer strength of character, he gained his present eminence. He started life in the offices of the present North Eastern Railway of England, and when he retired from that company was agent at Carlisle. In 1851 when Mr. (now Sir James) Allport left the North Eastern Railway and allied his for- tunes with the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Company, Mr. Hickson went with him, and after ten years'service he be- came assistant to the general manager. While engaged in this capacity he attracted the attention of Sir Edward Watkin, presi- dent of the M. S. & L. R., who was also president of the Grand Trunk. He appoint- ed Mr. Hickson to the position of chief ac- countant of the Grand Trunk, and he enter- ed upon his duties in Canada, in January, 1862. Shortly afterwards he was made sec- retary and treasurer of the company, a posi- tion in which he had opportunities of de- veloping his talent of administrative capac- ity. In the direction of Grand Trunk affairs in England there was some of the best financial heads in the empire, and very clearly discerning that the success of their gigantic enterprise would depend largely upon the management, they resolved to place in the chair the man whose ability they had come to regard above all others in their employ, and in 1874, Mr. Hickson was appointed general manager, and he has held that office since. When Mr. Hick- son joined the Grand Trunk in 1861, its traffic earnings were for that year, 83,710, 319, with a mileage of 1090. In 1883 the revenue had become 818,828,691, which includes the Midland and Great West- ern earnings, and the total mileage was 2773. While the Grand Trunk Co. held the control of Canadian traffic there was no need to seek further extension, or other connections, but when there came into the field a rival enormously bon- used by the government of Canada, it was simply a choice between extension or downfall. Here a timorous heart, or an ordinary head, directing the destinies of the Grand Trunk, would have been sadly out of place. Some men, those who knew the matchless capacity, the sound, clear judg- ment of Mr. Hickson, were satisfied that he was equal to the emergency ; but there were many who said, " The Grand Trunk must go to the wall." But the difficulty seemed to be just the sort of task to call forth, not alone his ability, but his enthusiasm. At first we see him selling to the Dominion government, for the sum of a million and a- half of dollars, the unremunerative Riviere du Loup line ; and it next was announced that the Chicago extension was a fact accom- plished, and that the Grand Trunk had con- nection with, was indeed part of, the great American system-including Canada as well as the United States-of railroads. Those who made the dark prophecies then had the fact brought home that the Grand Trunk was not going to the wall, and once more was the transcendent ability of Joseph Hick- son made manifest. But though courage and enterprise of so large a character have marked the career of Mr. Hickson, he has been prudent in expenditure, and there is none of the looseness or leakage in his man- agement which eat into the profits of great enterprises under less economical supervision. The history of the Grand Trunk under Mr. Hickson has been a splendid one ; and its fu- ture is assured. No rival, no matter how supported by governments, can shake it now. Besides being manager of the Grand Trunk, Mr. Hickson is president of the Michigan Air Line; of the Chicago, Detroit, andCana- ada G. T. Junction Railroad ; is vice-presi- dent of the Montreal and Champlain Junc- tion, and of the International Bridge Co., Buffalo. He is also a director of the Central Vermont Railway, and he is associated in the management of nearly 5000 miles of railway and steamboat service. Mr. Hick- son married, in 1869, Catherine Dow, a niece of the great brewer, and has by this 682 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF marriage a family of six children living. He is an office-bearer in the St. Andrew's Pres- byterian Church. Mr. Hickson's career is a successful one, due to hard work, allied to the too rare attributes on this continent of entire honesty and straightforward deal- ing : he does right because it is right. In his quarter of a century's administration of Grand Trunk affairs he has had to encounter many obstacles and dark forebodings, but his great quality of perseverance makes him overcome them, and attain results which, to one less persistent, would never have been achieved. English, Rev. E. N., M.A., London, is a gentleman of learning and great admin- istrative ability, and is principal of Hell- muth Ladies' College, in the City of London, Ontario. This popular institution is named after its founder, the Right Rev. Bishop Hellmuth, D.D., D.C. L., and was estab- lished in the year 1869. This college was founded with the object of providing a thorough, liberal and useful education for young ladies. The system of this institu- tion is based upon " sound Protestant prin- ciples as the only solid foundation for the right formation of character." It is be- cause it has adhered so closely to his aims, and achieved such splendid results that we give it a place in these pages as a repre- sentative Canadian institution. Being with- in a mile of the City of London, which is about three and a-half hours from Detroit and Suspension Bridge, on a through-rail route between the east and the west, the college is easily accessible from any point in the Dominion or the United States. The buildings, handsome and commodious struc- tures, composed of stone and brick, are situ- ated upon a prominent, high and airy loca- tion, and stand in the centre of large grounds, comprising 150 acres, and in the midst of most picturesque scenery, on the banks of the river Thames. The main building is 118 feet in length, by sixty feet in depth, with spacious corridors on each floor the full length of the building, and a verandah, in front of the building, ten feet wide. The building contains capacious class-rooms, studios, museum, library, dining-hall, draw- ing-rooms, dormitories, private bed-rooms, sanitorium, baths, hot and cold, and all other appurtenances of a college. The width of the corridors, and the double staircases, afford ample room through all the passages of the building. The bed-rooms are large, airy, and well ventilated, and the doors are provided with transom ventilators. The premises have been expressly planned and arranged to meet every possible educational and domestic requirement of the pupils. The ventilation, heating and drainage are on the most modern and approved plan, and there is steam coil in every room. Hydrants with hose attachments, and fire hand- grenades are placed on every floor, and there are the most complete facilities for pro- tection and escape in case of fire. The table is supplied with wholesome food, in good variety, well prepared and well served ; and the staff and pupils dine together. The dis- cipline of the college, its domestic, social and educational departments, are under the careful and constant supervision of the Rev. Mr. English and his wife, the vice-principal. Mrs. English devotes herself to the comfort and health of the pupils, and is happy al- ways to correspond with parents, or guardi- ans, in regard to their daughters. A com- petent seamstress has the oversight of the young ladies' wardrobes, and with an assist- ant, makes all necessary repairs. Every- thing is done to make the college an attrac- tive Christian home, and the arrangements for the health and comfort of the pupils are perfect. A thorough course in French, German, Italian, Latin and Greek, and in the English branches is afforded ; French is spoken in the college, and a French service is held in the chapel every second Sunday afternoon by a French clergyman of the Church of England. The musical depart- ment is unsurpassed, and is modeled after the great conservatories. Weekly lectures and recitals by the director, and rehearsals by the pupils, are prominent features in this department. Rare advantages are af- forded in the various departments of draw- ing, painting in oil and water colour ; pastel, and crayon ; decoration on china, plush, velvet, &c.; wood carving, modelling, etch- ing, repousse work and designing. The study of the Holy Scriptures and definite religious teaching occupy an important place in the college exercises. Divine service is held in St. Anne's chapel, situated in the college grounds. Habits of reading are fostered by a well appointed reading room, supplied with the best periodicals in literature and art, including French and German publica- tions. Conspicuous attention is paid to the department of exercises and pastimes ; calis- thenics, dancing, and out-door sports, rid- ing, driving, tennis, croquet, skating and tobogganing are provided for. In fine, the aim of this college is to direct and supervise, on broad and liberal principles, all employ- ments, pastimes, and exercises of pupils, whether pertaining to their moral, intellec- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 683 tual or physical training. Of this institu- tion the lady patroness is H.R.H. the Prin- cess Louise. The president is I. F. Hell- muth, LL.B., and the vice-president is the Rev. E. N. English, M. A. The visitors are the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Huron ; the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Toronto, and the Very Rev. the Dean of Huron. The professorial staff is as follows : Principal, the Rev. E. N. English, M.A., Toronto University ; vice-principal, Mrs. E. N. English ; professor of English literature and history, I. F. Hellmuth, LL.B., Trinity College, Cambridge, England ; chaplain and professor of classics and mathematics, the Rev. G. B. Sage, B.A., Trinity University, Toronto ; French chaplain and professor of modern languages, the Rev. C. B. Guille- mont, B. A., late of University of Paris, France ; professor of natural science, the Rev. Minter Seaborne, late of London Uni- versity, England ; professor of physiology, A. G. Fenwick, M.D.. M.R.C.S., England ; teacher of English subjects, Miss K. John- ston, late of England ; teacher of German, to be appointed. The director of the mu- sical department is Thomas Martin, pupil of the renowned Capellmeister, Dr. Carl Reinecke, and various others of the most distinguished masters of the world, grad- uate and prizeman of the Leipsic Royal Conservatorium of Music, and winner of the Lord O'Hagan prize and medal in the Royal Irish Academy of Music, Dublin, Ire- land. The pianist and organist is Miss Elwell, R.A.M., medallist, and certificated for pianoforte, R. A.M., London, England. A vocalist is to be appointed at an early day. The art department is under the di- rection of J. R. Seavey, of European schools of art. We have before us a copy of the annual circular of the college, a publica- tion in itself worthy of finding a place upon the parlour table. It is tastefully printed, showing the studies pursued in each year, and the letter-press pages are interspersed with illustrations from the discerning and cultured pencil of J. R. Seavey. One of these is encircled by a maple bough, and exhibits upon a hill the high river-bank, the beautiful college buildings, the Thames moving at leisurely pace below, past " rocky wooded shores." In another division of the picture you see a rustic bridge, half smothered in bushes, and beyond the col- lege chapel. Still in another division may be seen a verandah upon which two young girls are seated, each with a book up- on her lap, while beyond is a sketch of be- witchingly beautiful scenery. Again, upon another sheet, we get a view of the interior of the handsome college chapel, and the- sketch overlays an exquisitely life-like spray of pine. Upon the cover is the picture which we have first described. As for the principal, the Rev. E. N. English, he is the very soul of enthusiasm, and he seems to be peculiarly gifted for the responsible position given to his charge. Comstock, William Henry, Brock- ville, was born at Batavia, Genesee county, New York, on the 1st of August, 1830. The Comstocks were among the first settlers of the State of Connecticut. In 1795 Samuel Com- stock, severed his relations with his native state, and removed to Gilbertsville, Otsego county, New York, where he located upon the extreme western limit of the settlement, at that time considered the "far west."- Samuel's brother, John L. Comstock, of Hartford, Connecticut, was the author of "Comstock's Chemistry and Natural Phil- osophy," for many years one of the stan- dard text books of the United States. William H. Comstock, the subject of this sketch, is the son of Edwin P. Comstock,, who removed to Batavia in 1828. Mrs. Ed- win P. Comstock died in 1831, and her hus- band immediately proceeded to New York city, where he established an extensive drug and medicine business, the connections of the establishment spreading over the en- tire union. William H., having acquired a, knowledge of the trade, in 1854 succeeded the firm of Comstock Brothers, and con- tinued the establishment in New York city, and also opened a branch in Brook- ville. In 1864 the head office was removed from New York city to Morristown, St. Lawrence county, New York, opposite, and near, Brookville, Ontario, thus securing the personal supervision of the proprietor, who- from this date made a specialty in the manufacture of the celebrated Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills, which have become so famous throughout the republic, as well as in the British provinces. Having married Josephine, daughter of the late Billa Flint, Mr. Comstock took up his permanent resi- dence in Brookville, becoming a British subject. In 1883 he contested the Brook- ville riding in the Liberal interest for a seat in the House of Commons, and was only defeated by a majority of five votes. In business operations he has been eminently successful, and has acquired a handsome fortune. He has devoted his energies and means to the improvement of his adopted town, and has been instrumental in causing the erection of many of the finest and most 684 A CYCLOPEDIA OF substantial buildings there. As mayor, and as member of the town council, he advo- cated all necessary municipal improvements with untiring zeal, his aim being to make Brookville one of the most beautiful towns in Ontario. We take pride in counting Mr. Comstock among Canadians, and have no hesitation in describing him as a represen- tative one. Mitchell, Thomas, Hamilton, was born near Brighton, in Sussex, England, in 1832. He is a son of Robert and Louisa ■(Mates) Mitchell, who emigrated to Canada in 1835, settling in what is now the town of Brantford. Here Robert Mitchell entered into the business of building and contract- ing, with his brother Thomas, continuing in the same until 1836, when he died, leaving four children, the subject of this sketch being the third of the family. Mrs. Mit- chell is still living, and resides with her son, Thomas. In the days of Thomas Mitchell's boyhood, education was not as easy to ob- tain as at the present time, and he was left much upon his own resources for his educational training. At the age of nine he entered the employ of James Fish, of Brant- ford, and there remained four years. In 1845, he apprenticed himself to Alfred Reid, boot and shoemaker, of the same place, and here he remained till 1852. Then for a year he pursued his trade in different towns, but his health beginning to fail him, he was advised by his physician to renounce this trade. This he did, and entered upon the occupation of cigar-making, at which he continued till 1855, when he tried his hand at photography, in which he engaged for a year. He next returned to Brantford, there opened a cigar store, which he conducted for a year, and then began to travel for a broom manufacturing house in Brantford. In 1861, he entered the establishment of Bruce & Mugridge, of Hamilton, broom manufacturers, and three years later bought out the concern, which he carried on alone for seven years, when he admitted as part- ners Stephen King, of the township of Bin- brook, Wentworth, and Charles Mitchell, his brother. This partnership continued till 1875, when it dissolved, and the manage- ment was assumed by our subject for the next six years (1881). A. W. Gage now en- tered as a partner, but in 1883 the connection was severed, and Mr. Mitchell once more assuming the sole proprietorship, which he has maintained, with constantly increasing popularity and success, down to the time of writing. Mr. Mitchell was for two years aiderman of what is now No. 3 ward of the City of Hamilton, and he was one of the most active and influential spirits in pro- moting the scheme for the construction of the Hamilton and North-Western Railway, and to his zeal and push was the success of the project in a large measure due. During the agitation prevailing over this project, Mr. Mitchell, with George Roach, ex-mayor of the city, proceeded to Ottawa and repre- sented to the government there the practic- ability of coming in by the west end of the city, thus saving the expense of bridging, and avoiding the menace to navigation, over the Burlington canal. This project strength- ened the government in demanding from the company a substantial bridge crossing the canal. Mr. Mitchell's arguments proved most convincing, and the consequence was that one of the finest bridges in Canada now spans the Burlington Bay canal. Mr. Mit- chell has been a shareholder in the Hamil- ton and North-Western Railway ; in the Royal Canadian Insurance Company of Mon- treal, and in the Merchants' Building Asso- ciation of Hamilton. He has likewise been a partner in the Rabjohn, Ring & Co. foundry, of Hamilton. In 1875, he was elected a trustee of the Orphan Asylum of Hamilton, which position he still holds. In religion, he professes Methodism, and has held all the church offices, being at present steward of Zion tabernacle, of which the Rev. Mr. Snyder is pastor. In church mat- ters Mr. Mitchell has always taken an active and zealous part, and from year to year has been sent as a representative of his church to the conference. He was a member of the first general conference held in Toronto ; is a member of the Bible Society, and of the Y. M. C. A. In politics, he has been a life- long and a true Reformer. In 1857, he married Isabella, daughter of the late John McVicar, of Mount Pleasant, Ontario. We may add that the mother of our subject married twice, the second time in 1846, Mr. Ede, of Brantford, becoming her husband. She removed with Mr. Ede to Hamilton in 1863, and here he died two years later, leaving one daughter. Mrs. Ede is still liv- ing, residing with the subject of this sketch, and although in her eightieth year, she is healthy and active, enjoying the comforts and the care of her son's comfortable home. Hamilton, Charles Janies, M.D., Cornwall, third son of the late Dr. Hamil- ton, of Goderich, was born on September 15th, 1855, at Goderich. He is a son of Morgan J. Hamilton, who was a son of Lieutenant Hamilton, of the Royal navy, by Annie L., eldest daughter of the late James CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 685 Watson, merchant of Goderich, and late of Glasgow. Charles J. Hamilton received his early education at the Goderich Grammar school, and afterwards his professional education at the University of Toronto. Upon graduating, he settled in Goderich, entering into partnership with G. C. Shan- non, M. D.: and removed to Cornwall in 1879, when he entered into partnership with the late J. J. Dickinson, M.D., and remained associated with that gentleman until his death in 1884. Dr. Hamilton was at the time of leaving Goderich to settle in Corn- wall, assistant surgeon of Huron batt., No. 33, under Lieut.-Col., the Hon. A. M. Ross ; and he was also a member of I Company, Queen's Own Rifles, under Col. Otter. He is at present senior warden of Rose Croix chapter, No. 18. Royal and Oriental Freemasonry, 33 ° , 95 ° and 90 ® ; is worthy master of Cornwall lodge, No. 125, G. R. C., A. F & A. M.; a member of Oriental lodge, No. 163, I. O. O. F.; and a a P. C. R. of Court Stormont, No. 3, I. O. Foresters. He, likewise, is a member of Cornwall lodge, No. 214, A. O. U. W. He has always been and is now a Conservative in politics, believing that the policy of Sir John A. Macdonald and his followers is best calculated to further the interests of this country. Dr. Hamilton was elected a member of Cornwall town council in 1885, and deputy reeve of the same town in 1886. He is a devoted adherent of the Episcopal church. He married on December 22nd, 1880, Harriett S., eldest daughter of the late J. J. Dickinson, M.D. of Cornwall, Ont. We may add that his wife's father was eldest son of the late Noah Dickenson, M. D., a U. E. loyalist, who settled in Cornwall, over eighty years ago. Her mother was Miss Mountain, youngest daughter of the late S. J. Mountain, D.D., of Cornwall, and a first cousin of the late Bishop Mountain, of Que- bec, first Episcopal Bishop in Canada. Chamberlain, Theodore F., Mor- risburgh, Ontario, the only son of the late Ashern A. Chamberlain, M.D., and Eliza Ann Chamberlain, of the village of Farmers- ville, County of Leeds, Ontario. His ances- tors were of English origin ; and A. A. Chamberlain, was born at Peacham, Ver- mont, U.S., on February 12th, 1810. He came to Upper Canada in 1815, and settled at Smith's Mills, township of Bastard, County of Leeds. In his early boyhood he was obliged to provide for himself, which he did by working in the summer months for wages, and attending school in the win- ter. He went to the school at Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., for a time ; and soon after he commenced the study of medi- cine, attending lectures at Fairfield Medical College, New York. Returning to his adopt- ed home, he commenced the practice of his profession. At the age of sixteen he entered the militia service, and passed through all the grades till he attained the rank of major. He practiced his profession at Smith's Mills up to 1858, when he removed his family to Farmersville, township of Young, in the same county. In politics he had been a Reformer of the old school, being a warm friend of Baldwin and Wil- liam Lyon MacKenzie. During what is known as the Beverley riots in South Leeds, he nearly lost his life at the hands the Tory party, under the leadership of Ogle R. Gowan. He was one of the deputation from Upper Canada who went to the rescue of Lord Elgin, at the burning of the parlia- ment buildings, in Montreal, 1849. He was for many years a justice of the peace of his county ; and was made a member of the Masonic order, in one of the oldest lodges in Upper Canada, known as Harmony lodge. In 1859, he resuscitated the old lodtie under the name of Rising Sun lodge, Farmers- ville, and was for several years master of the same. Dr. Chamberlain was post- master from the first establishment of the post office at Smith's Mills (the name being changed by him to Harlem), up to the time of his removal to Farmersville. He was a member and licentiate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and M.D. of the Philadelphia Eclectic Medical College, Pennsylvania, U. S. He was a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church, a staunch temperance man, and a member for many years of the order of the Sons of Temperance, holding most of the offices in connection with the order. He died on the 20th February, 1883. The mother of our subject was born on October 15th, 1803, in the town of Pawling, Quaker Hill, State of New York, and is now living at Farmers- ville. Her father Hewlett Toffy, was born in the same town, on December 5th, 1776. Her mother was born at Newfairfield, Con- necticut, 9th of August, 1784, and died at Farmersville, 1876. T. F. Chamberlain has one sister who was born at Smith's Mills, on August 2nd, 1836, and is now living at Parry Sound, being the widow of the late John C. Miller, ex-M. P.P., for Parry Sound and Muskoka district. T. F. Cham- berlain was born at Smith's Mills, on July 6th 1838. His early education was received partly at the township public school, and 686 A CYCLOPEDIA OF partly from his parents at home, and at the sabbath schools. His father taught him the rudiments of Latin, as it was not taught in any of the public schools. In 1851 he at- tended the Perth High school for eight or nine months, after which he engaged as a clerk, in the general mercantile store of Henry Lashley, at Elgin, township of South Crosby, County of Leeds. In this es- tablishment he remained for two years, when, he proceeded to the City of Ottawa, and commenced the study of dentistry (1853), with F. D. Laughlin, D.D.S. After serving his term here he commenced the practice of dentistry in the County of Leeds, and the surrounding counties. In 1857 he went to Pawling, New York state, and in the same year to New York city, practising dentistry. In 1858 he returned home at the solicita- tion of his father, and studied medicine, ma- triculating in 1859 at Queen's College, Kingston, Ontario, passing his final exam- ination in March 1862, for the degree of doctor of medicine. He then received a license from Governor-General Monck, to practice. On the 13th of April, 1862, Dr. Chamberlain located in Morrisburg, then a small village, very beautifully situated on the banks of the St. Lawrence, and has up to the present time continued the practice of his profession. In 1871 he received the degree of L.R.C.P.S., from the Royal Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston. In 1866 he established a drug store in the village, and in 1873 sold it to Carman & Brown. During his practice he has trained a number of young men for the medical profession. Drs. Hart, McLane, Hows, Lane and Musgrove, were among those of his students who are now doing a lucra- tive practice in Ontario and in the United States. In 1855 Dr. Chamberlain was com- missioned lieutenant in the 8th battalion, Leeds militia, under captain Wm. J. Smith. In 1857, he was made a member of the Masonic order, in Rising Sun lodge, at Far- mersville, by dispensation of the Grand Lodge of Canada, not being of the full age of twenty-one years ; in 1862 he joined by card Excelsior lodge, No. 142, G, R.C., in Morrisburg, and is still a member and a past master, having for a number of years been master of the lodge. In 1869 and 1870 he was elected by the Grand Lodge of Can- ada, district deputy grand master for the St. Lawrence district. On the 11th March, 1867, he became a member of the Grenville Royal Arch chapter, No. 22, at Prescott ; in 1885 he took the ninety-five degrees in the supreme rite of Memphis, known as the Sovereign Sanctuary degrees. In 1873 Dr. Chamberlain was elected as a member of the village council, and remained in that body till 1877, when he was elected reeve. This office he held till 1881, when he resigned. In 1884 he was again elected to the council, but resigned in 1886. In 1879 he was unanimously elected by the county council, as warden for the united counties of Stor- mont, Dundas and Glengarry. During this year he was also one of a deputation which received the governor-general, the Marquis of Lome and Her Royal Highness Princess Louise, at Cornwall, on their entry into the Province of Ontario, on their way to Ottawa. In the same year as warden of the united counties he and other gentlemen were in- structed to proceed to Ottawa, and pre- sent an address to their excellencies on behalf of the united counties. In 1879 Dr. Chamberlain was chosen by the Reform Convention of the County of Dundas, as candidate for the Provincial legislature, and was defeated by 81 votes. In 1882 he was again chosen by convention for the same con- stituency, for the House of Commons, but was again defeated by 79 votes. He has been continuously a member of the High and Public school boards since 1869 ; and was for several years county superintendent of public schools for the County of Dundas. He was coroner for the united Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry from 1868 to 1879, when he resigned to contest the county for the Ontario legislature ; has been a member of the board of health ; is medi- cal health officer for the village of Morris- burg ; and medical examiner for a number of life insurance companies. He is also a director of the Parry Sound Lumber Com- pany, and of the Dundas Agricultural Asso- ciation. In conj unction with his brother- in-law, W. G. Parish, of Farmersville, he established the first cheese factories in the County of Dundas in 1873. In 1874 he travelled from the foot of Lake Superior, north to the height of land, examining the minerals, timber and streams of that region. In 1878 he coasted along the Georgian bay to the French river, and up that river to Lake Nipissing. In 1883 he travelled through part of the southern, western and middle states to the Pacific coast, visiting all points of interest, especially those of the states of California, Nevada, Colorado and the territories of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Old Mexico. He has also tra- velled over most of the eastern states of the union. In 1884 he travelled by land around lake Nipissing and Georgian bay, to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 687 the head waters of the Spanish river, and down that river to the head of lake Huron. Dr. Chamberlain is a member of the Canada Methodist church, but has much admiration for the Baptist church, of which communion his mother, his sister, and his late maternal grandmother were members. He is an ad- vocate of temperance, having belonged to the orders of the Sons of Temperance and the Good Templars. On the 3rd July, 1862, he married Annettie Jane, third daughter of Arza Parish, of Farmersville, Leeds. She has three sisters living, and one brother, all married. Her mother was Eliza Bissell, of the township of Augusta, County of Gren- ville. Both her father and mother are living, and celebrated their golden wedding on the 17th June, 1883. Her father and her brother are general merchants, the firm being known as A. Parish & Son, Farmers- ville. Dr. Chamberlain has two children living, Watson Parish, the eldest, was born at Morrisburg, on May 19th, 1863 ; received his education here in the Public and High schools, and attended for three sessions in the arts department of Queen's College Kingston. He is now attending his first session in the study of medicine, at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons at Kingston. The daughter, Lyrie, was born at Morrisburg, on March 8th, 187J, and is now pursuing her education at the local schools. Three children died in infancy. Stone, Thomas, Chatham, Ontario, was born on the 2nd day of February, 1827, in the township of Elizabethtown, County of Leeds, Upper Canada. His father, John Stone, was a native of the County of Carlow, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1820, at the age of twenty-two. He married Mary Burns, on May 3rd, 1826, and settled on a farm in Elizabethtown, in 1834, when Thomas was seven years old. He removed thence to the township of Esquesing, County of Halton, near the village of Adamsville (now Acton), where our subject graduated at the school of Miss Electa Adams. Here the family re- sided for six years, after which, in 1840, it went west, settling in the backwoods of the County of Kent, township of Orford. Here John Stone purchased a bush farm, upon which he wrought and prospered, and died upon the same on November 16th, 1877, in the eightieth year of his age. His widow and one of his sons, A. J. Stone, are still living on the old homestead, near Highgate. Our subject's grandfather, Thomas Stone, and his grandmother, Elizabeth Cooper, were both born in the County Carlow, Ireland, and his great-grandfather, Lawrence Stone, was an Englishman. Thomas Stone, our subject, holds a commission as captain in the Sedentary Militia ; he has also held the position of school trustee for the last eight years, and is a pastmaster Mason in Wel- lington lodge, of which he has been a mem- ber for over thirty years. In politics, he is a "moderate" ; in religion, a Presbyterian. His parents were both Episcopalians, but soon after their marriage, became Metho- dists, in which church Thomas Stone was brought up. Mr. Stone has been married twice, hist to Jane McQuarrie, in December, 1852. This lady died in December, 1855, leaving one son. He next married Adelaide Spencer, in June, 1857, by whom four sons and four daughters were born. She died on the 6th March, 1871. At the age of twenty years Thomas Stone left his father's home, and proceeded to Chatham, where he has since resided. Here he was in business as clerk in a general store with his uncle, James Burns, for five years; he then formed a partnership with his uncle and George Turnbull. On his uncle leaving the business at the end of two years, Mr. Turnbull and Mr. Stone continued the co-partnership till February, 1858. Since that period, Mr. Stone has been in the dry goods business alone, and has prospered therein, and has given to his children the advantages of an education, of which he himself declares he has felt the want. He is upright and hon- ourable in all his dealings, and there is no other man who enjoys a fuller share of pub- lic esteem than he. Nelson, Hon. Hugh, Senator,Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, was born at Larne, North of Ireland, on the 25th May, 1820. He is a son of Robert Nelson, of Shore Cottage, Magheramorne, Antrim, Ireland, and Frances Quinn. Hugh Nelson attended school at Larne, and his studies embraced all that is implied by the term ' ' a thorough English education." Shortly after coming to this country, he engaged largely in lum- bering operations in British Columbia, and has been very successful. He has also taken a deep interest in the fishing industries of that province, and was awarded a diploma of honor for special services rendered in connection with the International Fisheries Exhibition held in London, England, in 1883. Senator Nelson is a gentleman who has bestowed much careful thought upon questions of importance to the Dominion public ; and upon the subject of our fisheries his knowledge is wide and very accurate. In 1870 he was elected to the Legislature of British Columbia for New Westminster, 688 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF and in 1871, upon the entry of his province into the confederacy, was returned to the House of Commons for the same constitu- ency. He continued to represent New West- minster till 1879, when (December 12) he was called to the Senate. In politics he is, and always has been, a Liberal-Conserva- tive. As a senator his career has not been less useful and active than it was in the House of Commons. He is a gentleman of wide information and good judgment, and his opinions are held in very high respect in the Senate. Harkness, Adam, Iroquois, Ont., was born in the township of Matilda, County of Dundas, on the 10th day of October, 1835. He is a son of John Harkness, a native of the County Tyrone, Ireland, who emigrated to Canada in 1820, settling in the township of Matilda in 1826, and Catherine, daughter of Peter Fetterly, a U. E. loyalist, of Ger- man descent, who came to Canada from Schoharie county, N. Y., in 1784. John and Catherine Harkness settled on a farm in Matilda, about 1826, where their children all were born. Here John Harkness died in 1862, and his wife, in 1885. There were eight children, six of whom, two girls and four boys, reached maturity. The girls were the eldest, and Adam was the second of the boys. Our subject attended the public school, or as it was then called, the common school, pretty regularly until he was eleven years old, and duringthe winter seasons until he was fourteen. By this time he had ac- quired considerable proficiency in the branches usually taught in these schools, and had made some progress in bookkeep- ing, mensuration, geometry and natural science. He never attended any school afterwards, but continued to prosecute his studies during intervals of labour on the farm. This, he found not a bad way of ac- quiring an education, and he continued to keep very nearly abreast of his brothers, who were attending the High school during the same period. When he was about seventeen, the township council, with the assistance of the Education department, purchased a library for the township : the books were of the very best in English literature. It is scarcely necessary to say that he availed himself of the advantages offered, and soon became familiar with the writings of Mac- aulay, Carlyle, Jeffrey, Descartes, Robert- son, and others of equal, or nearly equal, fame. This, with the keeping of a diary in which he recorded not only the events that transpired from day to day, but his reflec- tions thereon composed and completed what may be called his curriculum. His father had been a member of the old district council, was an unyielding Conservative, and had continued to exert a considerable influence in local politics. Our subject was secretary of the Conservative committee for his own township during the Legislative Assembly elections in 1858. In 1859 he became town- ship clerk ; and this office he held until the close of 1871, when he resigned, and was elected deputy reeve (1872). He retired from the council, however, at the close of the term on account of the illness of his wife. In 1874, he was unsuccessful in a contest for the reeveship, but was elected in 1875 ; and the following year he became warden of the united Counties of Stormont, Dun- das, and Glengarry. Having now reached the top rung in the municipal ladder, Mr. Harkness retired from municipal life, as he then thought permanently. In 1879, however, he was induced to re-enter the arena, and was again elected. He has, since that time, continuously represented his native township at the counties council, as reeve, and he is now the oldest member of the council of those counties. There is usually not much else than administrative detail in municipal life ; and such improve- ments or advances as come within the pro- vince of councils, Mr. Harkness has en- deavored to promote. In 1875 he was main- ly instrumental in procuring a steam stone- crusher, that has done and is still doing a very great deal to improve the roads of his township. He also, in 1884, succeeded in carrying through the counties council a scheme for deepening the Nation river, a stream that runs through his county. The work is now in progress, and will cost be- tween thirty and forty thousand dollars : and will drain about 20,000 acres of land, now subject to periodical inundation. In 1861, he organized a township agricultural society in Matilda; was several years its secretary-treasurer, subsequently its presi- dent, and is still connected with it as direc- tor. He was elected an elder of the Pres- byterian church in 1863, and was soon after chosen ruling or representative elder, and was a member of the Church of Scot- land synod, up to the time of the union of the Presbyterian churches in Canada. He attended the meetings of the synod at Ottawa in 1874, and at Montreal in 1875, when the union was consummated. In 1883 Mr. Harkness was appointed postmaster of Iroquois, and manager of the G. N. W. Tel. Co. there. He is also president of the Me- chanics' Institute, recently formed at that CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 689 place. He became a member of the Grange Society early in 1879, and represented the Dundas division at the meeting of the Do- minion Grange held in Toronto in December of that year. He was the author and mover of a resolution providing for collecting data as to the condition of crops from subordinate granges, and publishing the same in the Grange, Record. This was, we believe, the first attempt made in this country to collect data direct from the producers ; and it pro- duced such good results in the hands of the grangers that the government adopted the same plan in organizing their bureau of statistics. In 1884 he became a member of the Canadian Order of United Workmen, in Iroquois, and was for two years master of their lodge there. He has always taken an active interest in politics, and holds liberal rather than radical or tory views. He has always supported the Liberal-Conservative party, because he believes that their policy is best calculated to build up a great nation on the northern half of this continent, inde- pendent of, and separate from the United States. He has given a great deal of atten- tion to religious questions. As a young man he was inclined to be sceptical, and still entertains opinions that would be regarded by some of his co-presbyters as rather " ad- vanced." He married on the 14th October, 1857, Louisa Theresa Graham, he being then twenty-two, and she seventeen. Her father, John Graham, was a native of the County of Fermanagh, Ireland, and her mother, Olive Doran, was the daughter of an Irish-American. His wife died on the 23rd January, 1873, leaving five children, who are all still living, the two eldest being married. As soon as Mr. Harkness married he settled on a farm in Matilda, and con- tinued to reside there, making his living by farming, until his removal to Iroquois in 1883. Verreaii, l'Abbe Hospice A., D.L., Principal of the Jacques Cartier Normal school, Montreal, is a descendant from a family which came from France and settled in Lower Canada, near Quebec, in 1687. He was born at L'Islet, Quebec, on the 6th September, 1828, and is a son of Germain and Marie Ursule (Fournier) Verreau. H. A. Verreau was educated at the Quebec Seminary, taking a full classical and part theological course. He taught in the latter institution for two years, commencing at nineteen, and thence proceeded to the principalship of Ste Therbse College, which position he occupied for the next eight years. In 1856 M. Verreau removed to Montreal, and in March of the following year, when the Jacques Cartier Normal school was opened, he became its principal, aposition which he still holds with credit to himself and to the highest satisfaction of the public. In addition to his work of supervision, he also engages in practical teaching, devoting himself in this respect to the subject of history, and the theories of education and instruction. In 1873, the provincial govern- ment deputed M. Verreau to proceed to Europe to make investigations there regard- ing Canadian history ; and while on this mission he visited London, Paris, Rome and other important cities, making extensive notes of his travels. These notes were after- wards wrought in more extended form, and published in 1875 in the government's re- port on agriculture. Principal Verreau is a doctor of letters ; a corresponding member of the Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie; and an officer of public instruction, France, a position granted him by the French government. M. Verreau was ordained priest in 1851, at the hands of the late Bishop Prince ; and he frequently officiates in divine service. Principal Verreau has written some articles on Canadian history for the Journal of Public Instruction, and they have attracted marked attention for their tone, thought and general workmanship. It is a pity that Principal Verreau could not devote some more of his time and his splen- did talent to purely literary work. Colquhoun, George, M.D., C.M., Iroquois, Ontario, was born on the 7th of May, 1847, in the County of Dundas. He is of Scottish parentage, his father, Alexander Colquhoun, having emigrated in 1823, from Argyleshire; and his mother, Harriet Camp- bell Munro, in 1830, from Brora, Suther- landshire. This worthy couple proved them- selves successful pioneers in their adopted country. George Colquhoun, the subject of this sketch, attended the Cornwall High school, under the tuition of H. W. Davies, M.A. After leaving this school, Mr. Colqu- houn, in the spring of 1869, removed to the County of Perth, and in the following winter taught school in section No. 7, township of Downie. In June, 1860, he proceeded to Cleveland, Ohio, spent the summer there and the next autumn went, via Cincinnati and Ohio river, to Louisville, thence to South Danville, Kentucky, from which point, after a residence of a year and a half, he removed, by way of Frankfort, Lexing- ton, Cincinnati, Buffalo and Niagara Falls, to his native county. He then went to Montreal, and entered McGill College, where 690 A CYCLOPEDIA OF he studied medicine, and graduated from that institution in 1876. Registering in Quebec the same year, he began to practice his profession in that province; but in October, 1879, he removed to the Province of Ontario, and settled in the village of Iroquois, where he has since resided, In 1880, he obtained his license from the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. In 1873 and 1874, he served as a private in the Prince of Wales Rifles, Montreal; but has since taken no active part in militia affairs. On February 6th, 1884, he was appointed an associate coroner for the united Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glen- garry, and medical health officer for the village of Iroquois, and was secretary of the Iroquois Mechanics' Institute for the years 1885 and 1886. Dr. Colquhoun be- came associated with Lodge No. 213, A.O. U.W., in January, 1884, acting since that time as financier of the lodge. He is Lib- eral in politics, and holds that a tariff suffi- cient to provide for the necessary expenses of economical government, administered on sound business principles, will, in the highest degree, promote the interests of every Canadian citizen, and that it is neces- sary provincial rights should be clearly de- fined, and more scrupulously respected than they are at present. With this view, all Canadians who care for the ultimate integrity of the Dominion must agree. Dr. Colquhoun was trained up in his youth to respect the Holy Scriptures, and is an ad- herent of the Presbyterian faith, and suc- ceeding years have deepened his impression of the supreme importance of the Bible, and strengthened his convictions of the untold benefits which the world owes to its influ- ence. He married at Fort Covington, New York, on August 19th, 1879, Sarah Jeanette, of Huntingdon county, Quebec, a daughter of Moses Miller, who was born in Tyrone, Ireland, and Margaret Caldwell, of Champ- lain. Quebec. Wilkinson, Janies Hands, Wind- sor, Ontario, was born at Sandwich, the county town of the old western district, on the 31st August, 1829. He is a son of John Alexander Wilkinson, lieutenant on half- pay in the 24th Regiment of Foot. Lieu- tenant Wilkinson first came to Canada in 1812, with the 37th Regiment of Foot, from which he afterwards exchanged into the 24th, and from which he afterwards retired on half-pay, in the year 1818. He repre- sented the County of Essex in the Parlia- ment of Upper Canada, from the year 1824 to 1836, in the Tory interest. In 1837, he raised a company of volunteers, which he uniformed at his own expense, to resist the invasion, by the rebels, of the Canadian frontier. The marauders had collected in force in the neighbourhood of Detroit, Michigan, U.S. He assisted at the taking of the schooner Ann, at Elliott's Point, near Amherstburg, then Fort Malden, on the 6th January, 1838, and also took part in the battle of Fighting Island. He was appoint- ed judge of the Surrogate Court for the old western district in 1836, and was also a magistrate. He was instrumental in settling the free grant lands in the Counties of Es- sex and Kent, commonly known as the Talbot land-grant. Lieutenant Wilkinson married Fiances, daughter of the late Wil- liam Hands, a U. E. loyalist, who had set- tled in Sandwich in the year 1798. Mr. Hands was appointed sheriff of the old western district by Lieut.-Governor Peter Hunter, on the 16th July, 1802. His juris- diction as sheriff then extended westward to the Pacific ocean, including our North- West territories, there being no sheriff west of him. He was appointed judge of Sur- rogate by Lieut.-Governor Maitland, on the 24th December, 1824. He was like- wise Indian agent, and held all the district offices in that early time. J. H. Wilkinson was educated at the western district Gram- mar school, receiving at that institution an English and classicaleducation. He entered the volunteer force, as cornet in the Essex Troop of Cavalry, with headquarters at Sandwich, in the year 1856, and was soon after gazetted captain. He established the newspaper Maple. Leaf, in 1855, at Sand- wich, and published the same for a number of years in the Conservative interest. He was a member of the board of school trus- tees in Sandwich for fifteen years ; organ- ized a company to build the first plank and gravel road in the County of Essex, about the year 1854; and was first president of the Liberal Conservative Association of Wind- sor. He has always, we may add, been a consistent and staunch supporter of that party. Mr. Wilkinson's early years were devoted to agriculture, and it was only in the year 1877 that he gave up farming, and entered upon the practice of the law at Windsor. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for thirty years, and is a member of Windsor Preceptory No. 26 of Knights Templars and Knights of Malta. He married, on the 4th August, 1861, Emma Agnes, daughter of the late B. G. Garrett, formerly high sheriff of the Island of New- foundland. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 691 Lynch, Most Rev. John Joseph, Archbishop of Toronto, was born near the market town of Clones, in the County of Monaghan, in the diocese of Clogher, Ire- land, on the 6th of February, 1816. He removed with his parents when two years old to a village, a few miles from Dublin, and here grew up to manhood the future archbishop of Toronto. His parents had always intended him for the priesthood, and feeling that he had the " vocation," he com- menced his classical studies under the pri- vate tuition of a B.A. of Trinity College, Dublin. He was soon, for his years, an ex- cellent scholar, and then entered a college of the Carmelite Brothers, near Clondalkin, where he spent a year. He next entered St. Vincent College, Castleknock, and here con- tinued his classical studies, making marked progress in natural philosophy, rhetoric and metaphysics. He always stood conspicuous among his fellow students for his natural brilliancy, the rapidity with which he saw into the heart of a difficulty, but above all for the soundness of his understanding. He was cheerful, good natured, and visibly at- tracted his school-fellows, and he was not less popular with the deputies of the col- lege, who frequently appointed him to the position as monitor to the under-gradu- ates. At this early period he gave evid- ence of the splendid capacity for adminis- tration which in after life was destined to mark his career with such distinguished suc- cess. When twenty-three years of age he entered the novitiate of the congregation of the mission of St. Lazare, Paris, and here pursued the study of theology and other branches of an ecclesiastical education. " One of the best loved companions " at the institution says an authority before us, " was the present vicar-apostolic of Persia, a venerable man who has done much to ad- vance the interests of the Roman catholic church in the East, and who enjoys the per- sonal respect and friendship of the Shah." In 1841, Mr. Lynch took upon himself the vows of the order ; in the following year he received Tonsure and other minor orders, and at Trinity term following, was ordained at the hands of Monseigneur Affie, known as "the martyr of the Barricades," in the church of St. Sulpice. He was now filled with a longing for missionary work in heathen lands, and asked to be sent to China, " but there is a destiny which shapes our ends," and it was otherwise ordered for the learned, brilliant and enthusiastic young religieuse. He returned to Ireland, took up his quar- ters at St. Vincent's College, resuming his theological studies and discharging the duties of dean and moderator of discipline. During Trinity term of 1843, he was ordained dea° con and priest at Maynooth College, by the Most Rev. Dr. Murray, archbishop of Dub- lin. He celebrated his first mass on the ensuing Corpus Christi, in the chapel of St. Vincent's College. During the three follow- ing years he was sent on several missions to various parts of Ireland, and in 1846, he embarked at Liverpool, bound for New Or- leans, to engage in mission work in the " Lone Star State." Upon reaching New Orleans, we learn from the same author elsewhere quoted, that Father Lynch had a narrow escape from death. Night came on before the vessel reached the place of moor- ing, and by the time that the anchor had been cast into the yellow waters of the Mis- sissippi, the darkness was intense. Father Lynch and the passengers, weary of the monotony of shipboard, attempted to get on shore without waiting for day light. Three other vessels were anchored between their own barque and the shore. Over these they cautiously crept, feeling their way by the ropes, and listening to the tumultuous waters below which were rushing here at the rate of thirty miles an hour. The quay was built of boards, and scarcely had the two landed in the Egyptian darkness, when Fa- ther Lynch walked deliberately, though of course unconsciously, over the edge of the quay. He was just about to be plunged in the roaring abyss, when he was grasped by his companion from behind and saved. He spent a period of two months at the capital of Louisiana, and during the time made a care- ful study of the character of the people among whom he had come to labour. He spent nearly three years in Texas, and dur- ing that period travelled over the greater portion of the State, and what his duties and labours were can be guessed, when it is stated that in the whole of this enormous mission, there were but four priests. Human life, at that period, was held in little esteem among the lawless adventurers that infested the country, and murders were of daily occurrence. While travelling through a re- mote portion of the state, he was stricken down with a maglignant fever, from which it took him long to recover. While yet un- recovered he departed for New Orleans, and it soon became plain that the only means by which he might regain his health was to seek a northerly climate. Therefore he repaired to St. Louis, Missouri, where he soon attain- ed his wonted vigour. In 1848, he was appointed Superior of St. Mary's Seminary 692 A CYCLOPEDIA OF of the Barrens, and during his stay in the institution the membership increased from 30 to 120. But the situation of the place was unhealthy, and to the profound regret of all, the neighbourhood had to be aban- doned. All his staff were stricken by the miasma which exhaled from the overflown waters of the river, and at last Father Lynch fell a victim to the unwholesome atmosphere. He was attacked by paralysis in the left side, and for a time his condition was critical. Soon after his recovery he was sent as a de- legate from the congregation of the mission in the United States to an assembly of the order held in Paris ; in 1849, he proceeded on a special mission to Rome, and. while in the Eternal city, received from his Holiness many marks of favour. One of these was the bestowal upon Father Lynch of the right to hear confessions and absolve penitents in any part of the world. This is a boon rarely conferred, and only bestowed upon those of tried prudence and discretion. Father Lynch returned from Rome in 1850, and in re- sponse to the urgent solicitation of Dr. Ti- mon, consented to found a house of his order in that diocese. In May, 1856, the insti- tution which is known as the Seminary of our Lady of the Angels, was established at Niagara, where there is now a fine build- ing and 320 acres of land. Dr. Lynch began the erection of this structure with one hun- dred dollars : what the institution is best attests his zeal, and the response that was made to his call. It was the connection of Father Lynch with the seminary that brought him prominently before the notice of ecclesiastical circles in Canada. In 18o9, he was appointed by apostolic letters, bishop of Echenas in Partibus Infidelium and co- adjutor of Monseigneur Charbonnel, bishop of Toronto. He was consecrated bishop at St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto,on the 20th of November, in the same year, and in the following year Bishop Charbonnel retired, Bishop Lynch succeeding him in the vacant see. In 1862, he again visited Rome, and was created prelate assistant of the Pontifical Throne. In 1869-70, he was present at the Vatican Council, and made a speech in favour of the Papal infallibility, and he was upon this occasion appointed one of the consultors of foreign missions and Oriental rights. . In 1870, Toronto was named the metropolitan see of Upper Canada, and of this see Bishop Lynch was created the first archbishop, and received the Pallium during the Coun- cil, 25th of March, 1870. Since his eleva- tion to this high dignity, his grace has re- vealed in the fullest measure all the high qualities of administration, and of organ- ization which had been manifested through- out his previous career. Regarded merely in a lay sense, he is one of the ablest men in the country. His enthusiam is bound- less, and his people and the clergy seem never so happy as in responding to his calls. He is one of the ablest preachers on the continent, his addresses being remarkable for the depth of thought, their wide range, their culture, and their general impressive- ness. His style is direct and clear, and there is behind all that he says, though held in artistic check, a passionate enthusiasm. The archbishop is a man of wide liberality, and is full of charity for earnest members of other denominations, whom he believes are doing the best according to their light. In educa- tion, in temperance, and in the promotion of all good works, it need hardly be said that he takes a profound interest. He has estab- lished in his archdiocese the Seminary of St. Mary and St. John ; introduced the Re- demptorist Fathers ; the order of the Sisters Adorers of the Most Precious Blood ; the Carmelite Monastry at Niagara Falls ; a House of the Good Shepherd for magdalens; a home for working boys, and a home for respectable young women, besides many other educational establishments. He has been a great benefactor to his church and to the country of his adoption ; besides, he entertains an ardent love of his native country, Ireland. Holton, Hon. Luther Hamilton, (deceased), was born at South Leeds, Ontario, in January, 1817, and removed to Montreal in 1826. He was a son of Ezra and Anna (Phillips) Holton, both of whom were of New England stock. His education was derived chiefly through private tuition, he being mostly his own tutor, while in pur- suit of his studies. In early manhood Mr. Holton engaged in commercial pursuits, and was for a long time a member of the firm of Hooker & Holton, merchants and for- warders. He also engaged in railroad build- ing, and was a member of the firm of Gzowski & Co., who constructed the section of the Grand Trunk Railway running westward from Toronto to Guelph. Before he entered into public life, Mr. Holton held various important and honorable positions. He was a member of the corporation of Montreal; was repeatedly president of the Board of Trade, and of the Montreal City Savings Bank ; was harbor commissioner ; vice-pres- ident of a free trade association, and a director of the City Bank. Mr. Holton sat for Montreal in the Canadian Assembly CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 693 from 1854 to 1857 ; but in the last-named year he was defeated. From 1852 to 1857 he had been a government director of the Grand Trunk Railway. He was a member of the Executive Council of Canada from the 2nd to the 6th of August, 1858, in the Brown-Dorion, or " Short administration," holding the office of Commissioner of Public Works, on the former occasion, and that of Minister of Finance on the latter. Mr. Holton was a member for Victoria Division in the Legislative Council of Canada, from Sept.,1862, to May, 1863, when he resigned, on being appointed minister of finance, and was returned for Chateauguay, which he represented steadily in that body until 1867, and in the House of Commons from confeder- ation until his death. He also represented Montreal Centre in the Quebec Assembly, leading the English opposition from 1871 to 1874, when he retired from that body in order to give his undivided attention to the House of Commons. In politics Mr. Hol- ton always was an "advanced Liberal"; and though he was sturdily opposed to the confederation scheme, when the great pro- ject became consummated, he gave it his support, and cordially assisted in the endea- vours to consolidate the Dominion, and to secure to the whole country the fullest bene- fits to be obtained from the free and harmo- nious working of the new constitution. On the 14th of March, 1880, he had dined with the minister of customs, Hon. Mackenzie Bowell, went to his hotel about midnight in perfect health and in usually buoyant spirits, and was taken ill almost immediately. A physician was summoned, but before his arrival, Mr. Holton had expired. He was, with one exception, that of Sir John A. Macdonald, the oldest member of the House of Commons, and his sudden taking off filled that body, which was at the time in session, with the profoundest grief. He had through- out his life been a careful student of politi- cal science and history, and upon constitu- tional law and parliamentary rules and practice, he was perhaps the highest author- ity in parliament. The press everywhere ex- pressed the sorrow of the people at the news of the sudden death of this distinguished and high-minded statesman ; the House of Com- mons adjourned out of respect for the lamented dead ; and Sir John A. Macdonald, Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, and Hon. J. B. Plumb, made lengthy and feeling tributes to the worth of his character, his edifying life, and his distinguished public labors. He married Eliza Forbes, by whom he had six children, only two of whom survive, viz.; Mary Eliza, wife of Byron M. Britton, Q.C., Kingston, Ont., and Edward, Advocate, who was elected to his father's seat in the House of Commons, a month after it had become vacant. Hon. Mr. Holton was one of the founders of the Unitarian church, Montreal, and continued his allegiance to the same until his demise. Cronjn, The Right Reverend Benjamin, D.D., first Bishop of Huron, son of Thomas Cronyn, of the City of Kilkenny, Ireland, was born in that city in the year 1802. At an early period he evinced a strong inclination for the church, and entered Trinity College, Dublin, when he was only fifteen. He soon distinguished himself above the majority of his fellows, and graduated in 1821 as B.A. He sub- sequently obtained the degree of M.A., which he took in the year 1824, and in the same year won the regius professor's prize at the divinity examination. In the year 1825 he was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Raphoe, and proceeded to England, where he officiated as curate for some months in the diocese of Chester. After a few months sojourn in England, he returned to Ireland, and married Margaret Ann, daugh- ter of J. Bickerstaff, of Lislea, Longford, Ireland (who died, in 1866, at St. Paul's rectory, London); and in the year 1826 he was ordained priest by the late arch- bishop of Tuam. He served as curate under his lord ship, in the County of Long- ford, for six years, at the expiration of which time (1832) he came to Canada, and was immediately appointed to the London district, where, as rector of St. Paul's Church, he laboured until 1857. At this time a portion of the western province was constituted into the bishopric of Huron ; he was elected to the position of first bishop of Huron, and in October following was conse- crated bishop, at Lambeth Palace, by His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, as- sisted by their lordships the bishops of Winchester, Nova Scotia, and Sierra Leone. In the performance of his high and sacred duties he always took an active part in the leading questions appertaining to the church, and the moral and intellectual improvement of his adopted country. The amount of good work done by this pious and zealous prelate in his time can hardly be estimated, so energetic, earnest and philanthrophic was he in his endeavours to do good to his fel- low creatures. He died at the See House, London, on the 22nd day of September, A.D., 1871, leaving, surviving him, three sons and three daughters. 694 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Beaugrand, Honore, Mayor of Mon- treal, and Publisher of Le Patrie, was born on the 24th of March, 1848, at Lanoraie, County of Berthier, P. Q. His father, Louis Beaugrand, was a well-known captain and shipbuilder, and he comes from a seafaring family. His mother, Josephine Marion de Lanoraie, was the first daughter of Major Louis Marion. Both families emigrated to Canada in the first days of the colony, and are well known in business and social cir- cles. The present mayor of Montreal was educated at Joliette college, and entered the Military school in 1865. After passing his examinations he went to Mexico, where he joined the French army, under Marshal Bazaine, who was there supporting the un- fortunate Maximilian. After two years ser- vice, for which he received the Mexican war medal, he left Mexico with the French army, and went to France, where he resided for nine months. Returning to New Orleans, in 1868, he joined the staff of one of the daily papers there, and made journalism his profession. He has ever since been con- nected with the press in St. Louis, Mo., Boston, Chicago, Lowell, and Fall River. He returned to Canada in 1878, and founded La Patrie, in Montreal, in place of Le National, which had just suspended publi- cation. The success of La Patrie has been on the increase ever since its foundation, until it is now one of the most prosperous dailies in the Dominion of Canada. M. Beaugrand is well known, both as a very polished magazine and political writer, and his works have gained for him the much- envied decoration of the " palms " of the Academy of France. He also received, last year, the cross of knight of the Legion of Honour from President Grevy, and his name is well known in the journalistic world of France. In politics, he is a pro- nounced Liberal, and a supporter of the Hon. Edward Blake, and his paper, La Patrie, is the recognized organ of the French Liberal party in the Province of Quebec. His election to the civic chair of Montreal, in 1885, created a sensation, as he defeated the Hon. J. L. Beaudry, who had occupied the position for ten years, and who was con- sidered invincible. The Hon. Mr. Eeaudry will be remembered in connection with the famous Orange riots of 1878, in Montreal. He was then mayor, and he prevented the Orangemen from marching in procession through the streets of Montreal. M. Beau- grand married, in 1873, Eliza, daughter of Samuel and Martha Walker, of Fall River, Mass. As mayor of Montreal, the experi- ence of M. Beaugrand has been an eventful one. Hardly had he been installed in the civic chair, when a call was made for vol- unteer regiments to quell the North-West insurrection. He helped, as far as he could, the organization of the forces which went to the front, and during the absence of the volunteers, he organized relief committees to minister to the wants of the families that were left behind, oftentimes in destitute circumstances. During the floods of 1885-86, he again placed himself at the head of the relief committee, and rendered valuable as- sistance to the destitute families of the afflicted districts. During the prevalence of the small pox epidemic, in the summer and fall of 1885, Mayor Beaugrand had occasion to act very energetically by calling out the troops to subdue a riot, and by helping the police to enforce the ordinances and by-laws of the health authorities. Always on hand at the hour of duty, he was loudly praised by the press for the part he took in stamp- ing out the terrible scourge that was afflict- ing Montreal. M. Beaugrand has travelled extensively over the United States and the Central American republics, and he has also visited Europe on different occasions. He speaks fluently the French, English and Spanish languages. The Montreal Gazette spoke in the following terms of his adminis- tration as chief magistrate during a critical period in the history of Montreal :-" He has displayed in an eminent degree the qualities which become the occupant of the mayoralty of a city of the importance of Montreal; energy, intelligence, impartiality, firmness in the enforcement of the civic laws and an enlightened progression in their amendment. M. Beaugrand's lines did not fall in pleasant places. The past year has been for him on? of no ordinary trial and difficulty. He has been required to combat ignorance and prejudice, to risk the antag- onism of a very large section of the com- munity in the rigid application of the health laws, and he has ever proved himself to be actuated by the single desire to promote the interests of the city, irrespective of class, creed or race." McDonald, Hon. John, Gananoque, was born at Saratoga, New York state, on the 10th day of February, 1787, almost im- mediately after the arrival of his parents from Scotland. His father, John McDonald, married Emily Cameron, and their Scottish home was at Blair Athol, Perthshire, Scot- land. Upon arriving in America they set- tled in the vicinity of Saratoga, and as a large number came together, they gave to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 695 their new place of abode the name of Athol, in memory of the Scottish home so dear to them. John was the fourth son, and leav- ing home at an early age he at' ended an ex- cellent school at Glen's Falls. Subsequently he went to Troy, N.Y., and during a por- tion of his stay there was in the employ of the Hon. Townsend McCoun, a Quaker gentleman, highly esteemed for his sterling integrity and uprightness. While in his employment the subject of our sketch ob- tained a good insight into business of various kinds, as Mr. McCoun was a general mer- chant, a man of wealth, and did a large busi- ness in connection with sloops then plying between Albany and Troy. Some time about the year 1810, Charles McDonald, a brother of John, had come to Gananoque, Canada, and John intended to join him there, but upon his mentioning his views to Mr. McCoun, that gentleman, to his sur- prise, offered him a partnership in the firm. This offer was too good a one to be refused, and he accepted it and remained his partner for some years. In 1817 he came to Gan- anoque, Canada, bringing with him a con- siderable sum of money, a carriage, and a gun. The money he placed in the firm of C. & J. McDonald. Finding no suitable roads on which to use his carriage, he sold it to the late Billa Flint, of Brockville, father of the Hon. Senator Flint, of Belle- ville. The gun he never used. Mr. Mc- Donald was for some time colonel of one of the battalions of the Leeds militia. He was postmaster of Gananoque for up- wards of thirty years, and was for some time a magistrate. Somewhere about the time of the rebellion of 1837-38 he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Upper Canada and at the time of the union of Upper and Lower Canada was called to the Legislative Council of the province of Canada, continuing a member of that body until after the removal of the seat of government from Kingston to Montreal. He was chairman of the board of commissioners of the Cornwall canal. While a member of the Legislative Council, he entertained Sir George Arthur, governor of Upper Canada and suite for two days, at his residence at Gananoque. This residence was for many years known as " The Brick House," and is still occupied by the widow of Mr. McDonald, and is a spot of occa- sional happy reunion for his children and grand-children. During the rebellion of 1837-38 the subject of our sketch kept open house for the officers and soldiers of his Sovereign (his family having been removed to the rural districts for greater safety), and he himself was on the alert night and day, using all lawful means in his power to aid in the suppression of the uprising. The first church built in Gananoque was erected mainly, or in whole, at the expense of the firm of 0. & J. McDonald, and the bell pur- chased for it now hangs in the Gananoque market-house,-a rather ignoble ending for such a bell! In his religious views Mr. Mc- Donald was a Presbyterian, and was for many years an elder in that church. In 1831 he married Henrietta Maria Mallory, who was a step grand-daughter of Col. Joel Stone, one of the founders, we might say the founder, of Gananoque, who still survives him. Of their children two daughters and one son survive. The elder of the two daughters, Frances Georgiana, is unmarried, and has her home with her mother. The younger, Emma, is the wife of the Rev. John B. Mowat, D.D., one of the professors of Queen's College, Kingston, to whom she was married in June, 1861. The son is Judge McDonald, of Brockville. The youngest daughter, Adelaide, died in 1880. She had married in 1867, James O'N. Ireland, of the Trust and Loan Company, then of Kingston, now of Prince Arthur Avenue, Toronto. The Honourable John McDonald died at his residence, Gananoque, in the month of Sep- tember, 1860. He was a Christian gentle- man, a man of great uprightness of charac- ter, and of a kind disposition ; and he was highly beloved and esteemed by all who had the pleasure and the privilege of his ac- quaintance. Scott, John Russell, Napanee, On- tario, was born in the village of Syden- ham, township of Loborough, in the County of Frontenac, on the 7th day of October, 1834. He is a son of John Scott, who was born in Roxburgh, Scotland, and his wife, Helen Hume, of the same place. They were married in 1815, and in 1817 immi- grated to this country, settling first in Kingston, and shortly afterwards in Lo- borough. After contending for some years with the difficulties incident to immigrant life in the unbroken wildernesses of Canada, they finally settled in the township of Cam- den, County of Lennox and Addington, the homestead then acquired remaining a family centre for over thirty-two years. They were both adherents of the Presby- terian church, but associated themselves freely with the Methodists in public worship. Mrs. Scott died on the 16th March, 1869, at the age of seventy-five years, having lived a Christian life, quietly illustrating the 696 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Christian virtues. John Scott survived his wife about five years. Their remains lie side by side in the Camden East burial ground. The family consisted of nine chil- dren, of whom four boys and three girls survived their parents, and are now living. John Russell was the youngest son. He received his education at the country school near his father's farm, and although of ne- cessity somewhat meagrely equipped for the work of life in consequence, he has by dili- gent enquiry, careful observation, and varied experience, added greatly to his ori- ginal stock of learning. Taught by his own experimental knowledge, he has always been an advocate of liberal education, and although averse to seeking public positions, accepted, in 1880, a seat on the board of education for the town of Napanee, the question of efficiency, as opposed to cheap- ness, being then an issue. The purpose for which he sought election having been ac- complished, he retired in 1884. His life has been pre-eminently a business one, and in every aspect of it he has been successful, with that steady accretion which is the re- ward of prudent enterprise. His character- istics are a penetrating discernment of the merits of a proposition, a clear vision, ac- curate knowledge of men and principles, speculative desire duly controlled by cau- tion, self-reliance, and a force of character which presses him forward rapidly, when once the foundations of an accepted course have been firmly laid, and the desired end agreed upon. In 1867 he opened business in Napanee, in company with W. S. Detlor, as chemists and druggists, and continued thereat for over ten years, when other aims led to the dissolution of a partnership which had continued amicably and ended profit- ably. In 1872 the subject of paper-making was agitated, and amongst the first to enter heartily into the new project was Mr. Scott. A joint-stock company of limited liability having been formed, he was speedily ad- vanced to the position of managing director, and entrusted with the responsibility of building and equipping the required pre- mises, located at Napanee Mills. This im- portant task was satisfactorily performed, and the business of manufacturing pro- gressed with gratifying success. In March, 1877, the extensive paper mills at New- burgh were purchased by the company, and added to the property previously held, thus greatly increasing the facilities for manufacturing. About this time, the en- tire interest of the company was purchased by Mr. Sco't, Al x. Henry and W. F. Hall. In 1883, Mr. Scott was entrusted with the duty of building, equipping and managing the new pulp mills at Fenelon Falls, and the trade of the firm now extends from Halifax to Winnipeg. As the country is every day attaining fuller development, the num- ber of newspapers is on the increase ; and with these continue to grow the operations of this already very extensive establish- ment. The chief class of paper manufac- tured at these mills is that used by the newspapers, but there is also made there all kinds of toned and tinted papers used by job printers. The company has its western agency at 112 Bay street, Toronto ; and there also are extensive warerooms. The output of paper by these mills is about five tons per day. Mr. Scott has also been extensively engaged in the business of retail dry goods, and has a general store at Napanee Mills, in connection with which are the post and telegraph offices. Mr. Scott became a Freemason in 1868, uniting with Union lodge, No. 9, at Napanee, and has continued in good stand- ing to the present time. In politics he is a staunch Liberal-Conservative, and although he has never accepted office, has always borne his share of the activities of party or- ganization and party conflict. Compara- tively early in life he acquired much of that experience which has been so useful in business competition, and gained a wide knowledge of human nature in California and Nevada. In 1862 he set out for the Golden State, by way of New York and the Isthmus, and during the early part of the voyage his fellow-traveller, Charles Cham- berlain, was buried at sea. Sad as this ceremony is at any time, it was doubly impressive to the subject of this sketch, who felt inexpressibly solitary as the Carri- bean waters closed oter and hid forever the form of his friend. The through trip lasted thirty days, and getting to work at once, he plodded steadily at his trade, which was that of millwright, and did such other business as fell in his way during the ensuing five years. The first year was spent as a mechanic engaged in the erection of one of the mammoth mills, for that day, in the Sacramento valley. This flouring mill cost over $100,000, and was regarded as a wonderful exhibition of enterprise. Next year found him in Virginia city, Nevada, maintaining a cool head amidst the terrific whirl of mining excitement. He was em- ployed by the Ophir and Mexican Mining Company, as foreman of their mechanical department. These companies were then CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 697 the leading miners, the " Bonanza " not having then been struck. He was an ac- quaintance of the great silver kings, Mac- kay, Fair, Flood and O'Brien, and especi- ally " stood in " with J. M. Fair, consulting him about real estate and mining stocks. Having gathered together a considerable sum, he returned, in 1867, to Canada and permanently located at Napanee. Since then he has made three trips to Manitoba and the North West territory-in June, 1881, September, 1883, and September, 1885-and has acquired a very thorough knowledge of that country and its agricul- tural advantages. He has been a member of the Methodist church since 1854 ; and has been a trustee and steward of the Metho- dist church, Napanee, since 1870. He has been twice married ; first on the 1st of June, 1869, to Emmeline, daughter of D. B. Stickney, of Newburgh, Ontario, who died on the 19th of December, 1872. She was the mother of two children, one of whom, a little girl, died in May, 1872, aged eleven months ; the other, a boy, who survived her, is now attending college. He was again married ou the 1st of September, 1875, to Cornelia, second daughter of Chas. Lane, of Napanee, by whom he has had three children. Mr. Scott has a command- ing presence, genial countenance, and is of a kindly and courteous disposition. Douglas, William, Chatham, Ont., Clerk of the Peace and County Crown At- torney for Kent, was born at Halkirk, Caith- ness, Scotland, on the 1st September, 1836. He received his early educational instruction in his native parish, where he was well grounded in the " rudiments ; " but it was destined that he was to finish his career in the new land beyond the ocean. If the native parish of Mr. Douglas did not pre- sent as much bustle and progress as the new world which was then holding out so many allurements, it was rich enough in legend. For in the selfsame Halkirk, where William Douglas was born, the good people once upon a time took, in the most public way, a tyrannical bishop who had been too exacting in the collection of tithes, and as an example to all tyrants in the hierarchy, boiled him in an enormous pot. From that day to this Halkirk has had no bishop. The years 1847 and 1848 were remarkable for the volume of emigration that poured to- wards America, and tidings of the boundless lands in Canada, and the splendid possibili- ties open to enterprise and ability being spread far and near, Mr. Douglas's father, among many others from Caithness-shire and other parts of Scotland, resolved to try their fortunes in Canada. So in the year 1848, William Douglas with his parents, went on board the ship Thomas Harrison, com- manded by Captain Harrison, at the port of Scrabster roads, and sailed away, and on arriving in Canada, the family settled in the County of Northumberland. Here William continued his studies for a time, and after he was thoroughly prepared, he entered the University of Toronto, from which institution he graduated in 1861. He had for some years past decided upon the study of law, and upon his receiving his bachelor's degree, he at once began the study of that profession. In due time he was called to the bar, whereupon he began to practise at Chatham. At the bar he achieved conspicuous local distinction for his soundness of view and his wide acquaintance- ship with law ; and when, seven years later (1868), he was appointed clerk of the peace and county crown attorney for Kent, it was felt that the recognition was no more than his merits deserved. In 1885, when the executive at Ottawa were creating some of the most distinguished of our legal fra- ternity Queen's counsellors, Mr. Douglas was adjudged as one well worthy to wear the silken gown. In religion Mr. Douglas professes Presbyterianism, and in politics he is, and has always been, a steadfast Liberal- Conservative. Cooke, Richard Plunkett, C.E., Cedarcliffs, Brookville, was born at Birr, King's county, Ireland, in 1824. His father, Thomas Lalor Cooke, crown solicitor of Birr, was descended from the old Catholic family, the Cookes of Cordangan, whose history is to be found in " Burke's Landed Gentry." He was a man remarkable for his literary, astronomical and antiquarian tastes and acquirements. He wrote a "History of Parsonstown," and collected a large num- ber of objects of interest and antiquity, in- cluding a valuable collection of ancient coins, which after his death was purchased for the British museum. His wife and the mother of our subject was Miss Antisell, of Schra- duff, Kings county. R. P. Cooke graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1848, with the degree of B.A. He studied engineering under Sir John McNeil, and obtained a first- class diploma from the engineering school attached to the university. He came to Canada in 1852, being employed as engineer in charge of construction on the G. T. R. west of Toronto, and subsequently as divi- sional engineer. In 1859 he removed to Kingston, taking charge as resident en- 698 A CYCLOPEDIA OF gineer of the central district, which extended from Toronto to Montreal. In 1861 he ter- minated his connection with the G. T. R., and some time after, being appointed mana- ging director of the Brookville and Ottawa Railway, removed to Brookville, where he has since resided. In 1867 he resigned this position, and has since been engaged as en- gineer and contractor on various works in Canada and the United States, amongst others the Boston, Barre & Gardner Rail- road, the Carillon canal works, the Toronto harbour works, and the improvements of the harbour at Nicolet, on which contract with the Dominion government he is still engaged. He is a Conservative in politics, and a catholic. He married in 1853, Anna Plunkett, daughter of the late Lynch Plun- kett, of Castlemore, County Mayo, Ireland. Wicksteed, Richard John, Ad- vocate and Barrister, Assistant Law Clerk and English Translator of the House of Com- mons of Canada, Ottawa, eldest son of Gus- tavus William Wicksteed, Q.C. (See else- where in these pages), and Anna Fletcher, his wife, was born at Kingston, Upper Canada, on the 3rd of October, 1842. His father being an officer of the House of As- sembly and the House of Commons, the sub- ject of this sketch passed his youth at the various seats of government. He attended the schools kept by the following persons : Miss Abbott, St. Antoine street, Montreal, in the years 1848-49; Mrs. Browne, York street, Toronto, 1850 ; Rev. Dr. Lett and Mr. Grier, St. George's square, Toronto, 1850-51 ; Mr. Bellingham, London, Eng- land, 1851. He was a pupil at the High School, Quebec, under Dr. Smith and Daniel Wilkie, from 1852 to 1856 ; was en- rolled at Upper Canada College, under Principals F. W. Barron, Dr. Scadding and Rev. Walter Stennett, attending these from 1857 to 1860 ; and was a student in the faculty of arts of the University of McGill College, Montreal, from 1860 to 1863, when he graduated with first rank honours in classics. He subsequently attended special courses in Morin College, Quebec, and Laval University, Quebec, and took his M.A. degree at McGill College in 1866. Mr. Wicksteed, entered the law faculty of McGill College, and graduated as B.C.L. in 1868. He also had the degree of LL.D, conferred upon him by the same university. In 1879, Mr. Wicksteed was articled as a student-at-law to George Irvine, (now judge of Vice Admiralty), of the firm of Holt & Irvine, St. Peter street, Quebec, and was admitted to the practice of the law by the Quebec section of the bar of Lower Canada, in 1867. He established himself in Mon- treal in 1868, joining George Macrae, Q.C., as the junior partner of the law firm. He was subsequently called to the Ontario bar in 1872, and entered as attorney in 1873. In 1872, Mr. Wicksteed was appointed by Mr. Speaker Cockburn assistant law clerk and English translator to the House of Com- mons, which office he now holds. He was a private in the Civil Service rifle corps for three years ; a private in Victoria rifle com- pany, Quebec, for one year; obtained a second class Military school certificate ; a first class Military school certificate-; and became second lieutenant of the Quebec Garrison artillery for one year. He received a first class certificate from the Montreal School of Gunnery ; was second lieutenant, first lieutenant, and captain of the Montreal Garrison artillery, covering a period of five years ; was a member of the Militia Officers Association, Montreal; captain in the Gov- ernor-General's Foot Guards for one year ; a trooper in the Ottawa Troop of Cavalry, for one year. Capt. Wicksteed saw active ser- vice in 1866, during the Fenian raid ; in 1871 was in command of an artillery detach- ment sent to Isle aux Noix, during the threatened Fenian raid ; and in 1871 at the Dominion elections. He attended the camp at Laprairie in 1881 as divisional A.D.C, and camp orderly officer. He is a mem- ber of the Retired Officers' Association, Ottawa. Dr. Wicksteed has been an active member of the following societies and asso- ciations : In Toronto, the Upper Canada College Debating Society. Tn Montreal, the Burnside Literary Society, the University Philharmonic Society, the Order of Cement- ed Bricks, the University Gymnasium, the University Cricket Club, Young Men's Christian Association, Montreal Sanitary Association, Mercantile Library Associa- tion, the University Society, St. George's Society. In Quebec, Societe Cassault, Church of England Young Men's Associa- tion, Quebec Gymnastic Club, Quebec Skat- ing Club, the Literary and Historical So- ciety. In Ottawa, the St. George's Society, Orchestral Association, Ro wing Club, Cricket Club, Philharmonic Society, Canoe Club, Musical Union, Amateur Athletic Associa- tion, C. S. Building Society, C. S. Mutual Benefit Society, Temperance Coffee House Company, Literary and Scientific Society, Field Naturalists' Society, Microscopical Society, Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, Literary and Legal Debating Society, Art Asociation, Society for the Prevention CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 699 of Cruelty to Animals. He is also a member of the Royal Canadian Academy, the Ameri- can Canoe Association, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Wicksteed is a staunch adherent of the Church of England, which he regards as the true representative of the Catholic church. He was a teacher in the Sunday-schools at Quebec and Montreal ; a member of Christ Church Lay Association, Ottawa, and Christ Church Choir, a lay delegate to the synod of the diocese of Ontario, and a member of the Society of the Treasury of God. He is a total abstainer, a member of the Montreal Temperance Association and the Church of England Temperance Society. As a literary man he is the compiler of various indexes and tables to the Statutes of Canada, a pamphlet on " The Canadian Militia," and one entitled the "Elector's Political Cate- chism." He is likewise a frequent con- tributor to Canadian newspapers and peri- odicals. His residence is, Victoria cham- bers, Ottawa. Freeman, John B., Simcoe, M.P.P. for North Norfolk, was born in the town- ship of Windham, Norfolk, on the 22nd August, 1835. He is a son of D. W. Free- man, and Isabella, daughter of the Rev. John Bailey, who came from the City of New York about the year 1809, and settled in the township of Nissouri, as pastor of the Episcopal Methodist church at that place. He was one of the first to erect a brick structure in what is now the City of Lon- don, and was one of the first to take up lands on which that city now stands. He died about the year 1862. D. W. Free- man was the second eldest son of the late Rev. D. Freeman, minister of the Metho- dist church, and one of the pioneer minis- ters of that body on the shores of the great lakes. This able and zealous man was wont to travel from the Niagara river to Detroit, upon his sacred mission, without renumeration, and was the first Metho- dist minister to cross the river, and preach in what is now the City of Detroit. He died at the residence of the father of the subject of this sketch, about 1835. It may also be stated that he was one of the U. E. loyalists. Mr. Freeman adopt- ed the life of a farmer, settling himself in the township of Windham, Norfolk county. In 1840, he was appointed superintendent of common schools for the county, and this position he held until 1872, when he retired, owing to ill-health. He always took a zeal- ous interest in municipal and educational interests; was clerk of the township of Windham council for several years ; and clerk of the division court for the same dis- trict for fifteen years. H e was president and secretary of the County of Norfolk Agricul- tural Association, and was secretary of the same until the time of his death, having held that position for twenty-five years. He died in 1874, leaving eight of a family, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. John B. Freeman received a sound early educa- tional training, and concluded his studies in the Simcoe Grammar school. At the age of seventeen he left school and assisted his father on the farm, until the age of twenty- two, when he removed to a farm in the township of London, where he commenced operations for himself in the middle of the bush. He remained here until 1874, and devoted most of his attention to stock-rais- ing. Upon the death of his father, he re- moved to the old homestead in Norfolk, and there he still resides. Mr. Freeman, early in life, took an interest in public questions, and in education. He was elected a school trustee, while in Middlesex, and served as township councillor of Windham, Norfolk, for six years. In 1879 he was elected for the North Riding of Norfolk to the Ontario As- sembly, defeating William Wilson, of Sim- coe, by a majority of 128. He was re-elected for the same constituency in 1882, defeating William Wallace, of Simcoe, of " Rag Baby " fame, by a majority of 428, and now represents North Norfolk in the On- tario Legislature. Mr. Freeman's legisla- tive career has been distinguished and use- ful. He was the first to present petitions asking for manhood sufferage, and to urge the concession of such a measure ; and he was also the first to urge the necessity of only allowing one vote to be cast by each voter in the municipalities in which he re- sided. He has also been government whip since 1882, and his zeal and efficiency in this important office have met with cordial ap- proval. He is a member of the A.O.U. W.; and is charter member of Lynn lodge, No. 28, Toronto. In politics it is not necessary to say that he is and always has been a Libe- ral. He is a member of the County of Nor- folk Reform Association, and director of the Reform Club recently established at Toronto. In religion, he professes the Meth- odist faith, like his paternal ancestors. He married in 1861, Jane, daughter of Thomas Scatchard, of the township of Nissouri, Middlesex, and brother of the late John Scatchard, who represented that county in the old parliament; and who died while in political harness. Both these brothers 700 . A CYCLOPEDIA OF were pioneer settlers in Middlesex, whither they had come from England early in the present century. Mr. Freeman is essen- tially a man of progress; and he is one of those who believe that when motion ceases, stagnation begins. He is a man very much devoted to home life, and those who have met him in the domestic hour bear cordial tribute to the broadness of his sympathies and his kindly nature. McIntyre, Daniel Eugene, M.D., Cornwall, Sheriff of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry, is the only son of James McIntyre, a captain in the British mercantile marine service, and Mary McLachlan, daughter of Ewen McLachlan, farmer at Appin, Argyleshire, Scotland. James McIntyre was one of five brothers, all of whom followed a seafaring life, save one, Duncan McIntyre, who entered the British army, and became a captain in the <68th regiment of the line (Durham Com- mand). At the early age of twenty-three, James McIntyre was promoted to the com- mand of a merchantman, of which he was part owner, and whilst the subject of this sketch was still a child, was lost with his vessel off the coast of Wales. Sheriff McIn- tyre was born in the town of Oban, Argyle- shire, in the early part of the year 1812, and was an only child. He commenced his education at Oban, and on the death of his mother, in 1819, continued it in the parish school at Appin. He subsequently attended the Messrs. McFarlane's academy, George's square, Glasgow, a somewhat noted school in its day. Upon the completion of his studies, a position was secured for him in the business establishment of Stewart & Macdonald, then a somewhat large house, but now one of almost world-wide fame. He remained there for upwards of a year, but in consequence of the firm requiring him to be bound for a number of years, and largely, perhaps, because he had no taste for the business, or appreciation of the salary he was obtaining, he gave up his position and returned to the Highlands. In the following year, 1829, he entered the medical classes of Glasgow University, and prosecuted his studies within its ancient walls, with the exception of one year, or session, which he spent at Edinburgh Uni- versity, until he graduated, in the spring of 1834. In the spring of 1835, Dr. McIntyre set sail for Canada, and after staying a short time with relatives at Quebec-Rodger Dean & Co.-a gentleman then largely in the shipping and timber business, he pro- ceeded to Upper Canada, and located in the village of Williamstown, in the County of Glengary, then, as now, the most Highland county in the Province. Here he met with a warm welcome from his countrymen, and was at once adopted as one of themselves, his native language, the Gaelic, affording him a ready passport to their hearts and homes. In July, 1837, he married Ann, daughter of Colonel the Honourable Alex- ander Fraser, of Fraserfield, Glengarry. On the breaking out of the rebellion, in the same year, he was placed on the staff of the 1st Glengarry regiment of militia, as sur- geon, and whilst passing down the St. Law- rence on the steamer Henry Brougham, was captured at Beauharnois by the rebels, and was, with many of his fellow passengers, amongst whom were the Hon. Edward Ellise and family, for several weeks confined in the house of the parish priest, who, though un- able to obtain the release of the prisoners, had many kindnesses extended to them, until they were ultimately rescued by the Glengarry regiment which marched up and took possession of the town. On the sup- pression of the rebellion, he resumed his practice at Williamstown, but continued on the staff to perform the duties of surgeon, and was retained on active service at Lan- caster until 1842. His other connection with the militia force of the country was as major of the Stormont battalion, to which position he was gazetted in 1854. On his retirement he was granted the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel. Dr. McIntyre's intimate ac- quaintance with municipal and political in- stitutions led to his services being sought by the people of the township of Charlotten- burg, whom he represented in the old east- ern district council (now the county council) for thirteen years, and when the Municipal Act came into force in the province, in 1849, by the terms of which wardens became elective, he was the first to be honoured by election to that dignified position for the three united counties. In the following session of the counties council, he was again elected to the warden's chair, and has been the only warden of the counties who has been called to fill a second term. Whilst he was an active politician, he was an ardent Reformer, and gave unstinted support to the Baldwin and Lafontaine governments in their battle for the constitutional liberties of the people of Canada. He was the friend and ally of the Honourable John Sandfield Macdonald in all his contests in Glengarry, largely assisting that gentleman in carrying the county against the powerful influence wielded in those days by the family com- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 701 pact. In 1849, when party strife was at its height, and the governor-general, Lord El- gin, was assailed and assaulted, because of his giving his assent to the Rebellion Losses Bill, by the hyper-loyalist cabal in Montreal, Dr. McIntyre was called upon by the people of Glengarry to head a deputation of its leading men, to present an address to his excellency, at Montreal, approving of his conduct. On the 10th May, 1850, Dr. Mc- Intyre was appointed to the shrievalty of the united counties, a position which he still fills. During his term of office, he has been noted for the leniency with which he has tempered the administration of justice, as well as for the ability with which he has discharged the duties of his position. His wife, whom he married almost fifty years ago, continues to be his helpmeet; and of his seven children, two alone survive, one daughter and a son, the latter being A. F. McIntyre, barrister, of Ottawa. In religion, the sheriff is a Presbyterian, but like all men who have lived in Glengarry, he has never obtruded his faith upon his friends who belonged to other sects. Indeed, when sectarian partyism has at any time been raised in his presence, it has been a favourite expression of his, that each man is entitled to go to heaven by the road of his own choosing. A s we write, we find Sheriff Mc- Intyre, with his seventy-four winters upon his head, a typical Highlander, straight as an arrow, active in body, clear in intellect, discharging his duties to the satisfaction of the public. Sippi, Charles Augustus, M. A., London, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, Ireland, was born at Hydrabad, Scinde, East Indies, on July 25th, 1844. He is a son of Charles Augustus Sippi and Elizabeth John, his wife, both of whom were born in Ireland. The family is descended from an ancient and respectable lineage in Tuscany, Italy. The great-grandfather left Italy for political reasons, and settled in Saxony, where he raised his family. The eldest son who was the grand-father of the subject of this sketch, studied music, and was induced to emigrate to Ireland, and take charge of the Kerry Militia Band, a famous musical organization at that time, and with him went to Ireland the renowed musician Lo- gier (inventor of the chiroplast), and also many other well-known musicians of that day. C. A. Sippi was educated at Kilkenny College, Kilkenny, Ireland, (where Dean Swift went to school), at the endowed school, Youghal, County Cork ; at Queen's College, Cork (one of the affiliated colleges of the Royal University of Ireland); the Royal Col- lege of Surgeons, Dublin; and at the Catholic University of Dublin. He studied instru- mental music under John A. Sippi, organist at Lismore cathedral, and singing under the well-known tenor, Alexander D. Roche, of Cork. Dr. Sippi came to Canada in 1865, and settled in Port Stanley, where he practised medicine for nearly two years. But the practice of medicine was always distasteful to him, and he resolved to take the first opportunity that offered and return to his first love, "music." In the early part of 1867, he was offered and accepted the position of house surgeon and teacher of classics, physiology and English, etc., in Hellmuth College, London, Ontario, by Bishop Hellmuth, under Dr. Sweatman, the present Bishop of Toronto, who was then head master at that institution. Dr. Sippi remained in connection with that institu- tion until 1874, when he retired, and accept- ed the managership of the London branch of the firm of A. & S. Nordheimer, piano- forte agents, Toronto, which position he still holds. While at Hellmuth College, on the representation of Bishop Hellmuth, he had the honorary degree of master of arts con- ferred upon him by Kenyon College, Ohio. Dr. Sippi has been for three years a trustee of the London Collegiate Institute, and or- ganist and choir master of the Memorial Church, London ; president for (1886) of the Ontario Music Teachers' Association ; past master of Kilwinning lodge, No. 64, G.R.C., and past grand organist of Grand Lodge of Canada ; and he is an honorary member of Court Pride of the Dominion, ancient order of Foresters. Mr. Sippi was also president of the Irish Benevolent Society of London, in 1884, a society founded with the object of uniting Irishmen of all creeds and shades of politics, and assisting their poor fellow- countrymen who come out to this country, and procuring employment for them. In religion, he is a staunch Episcopalian. He married in Templemichael church, on the 3rd of October, 1865, Rosa, youngest daugh- ter of the Rev. James Bagge, B.A., vicar of Templemichael, diocese of Lismore, in the County of Waterford. By this union there are nine children living. Merkley, Henry Cr., Morrisburg, Ont., was born in the County of Dundas, on the 7th July, 1812. He is a son of George and Catherine Merkley, his paternal grand- father, Major Merkley, being a U. E. loyal- ist, who settled at Dundas after the close of the revolution. During the war of 1812 he fought with the volunteer militia, and re- 702 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ceived therein the rank of colonel. George Merkley, the father of our subject, also took part in the war, bearing a captain's commission. He was likewise engaged upon the loyalist's side in 1837, and held then the rank of colonel. The land now occu- pied by H. G. Merkley is part of that drawn by his grandfather, Major Henry Merkley. H. G. Merkley was educated in the common schools of his native place ; he served as lieutenant in the rebellion of 1837, and when the Dundas militia was called out upon active service, he was appointed quartermaster of the regiment. In education Mr. Merkley has taken much interest, and he has been a trustee of Public and Grammar schools for nearly a quarter of a century. In muni- cipal matters, also, he has taken an active part; as he has done, indeed, in all politi- cal movements of his county , and of Onta- rio. He has always been a steadfast Liberal Conservative in general politics, and con- tested his county for the House of Commons in 1874, but was defeated. Mr. Merkley and his family are members of the Epis- copal Church. He married, in 1841, Clara Flagg, by whom he has had three sons and seven daughters, all of whom have attained the estate of men and women. Mr. Merk- ley was engaged in the hat trade, and was occupied with commercial general enter- prises for twenty-five years. He has been an active and industrious member of the community, and has taken part in all move- ments which have had the industrial or moral improvement of the community for their aim. To write the career of such men as Mr. Merkley is to write so much of the country's history, for they leave their stamp upon the material and the intellectual life of the community. McGuire, Thomas Horace, B. A., Q. C., Kingston, was born on April 21st, 1849, at that city. His parents were James B. McGuire, merchant and farmer, and Mary Brady, both of whom were born in the County of Fermanagh, Ireland. T. H. McGuire was educated in the public school, Collegiate Institute, and Queen's Univer- sity, Kingston. While in the public school he won a scholarship, entitling him to two years' education in the Collegiate Insti- tute. He entered the institute at fifteen, and at the expiration of two years, in a competitive examination, won the Watkin's scholarship. In the same year he entered college, he also won the Mowat scholar- ship, given to the best matriculant. During the four years spent at college, in every year, and in every department, he carried off the first prize, besides winning every special prize for English and Latin com- position open to him. This record is with- out a parallel in the history of the uni- versity. He graduated in 1870, carrying off the Prince of Wales' gold medal. He then entered the law office of the late James O'Reilly, Q. C., who entertained a very high estimate of the hard-working student. He was admitted as an attorney in 1874, and was called to the bar in Michaelmas term, 1875. He was in partnership with Mr. O'Reilly for about a year prior to the death of the latter in 1875. After the death of Mr. O'Reilly he continued to practice, and has been very successful in his pro- fession. Almost immediately after being called to the bar, he was entrusted with the defence of Dougherty, Foy, and the two Smiths, charged with the murder of one Matthew Garrett, at Sharbot Lake, and after a hard fight, lasting two days, his clients were acquitted, although the acting judge, the late Kenneth McKenzie, was strongly convinced of their guilt, and charged the jury very forcibly against them. Since then he has been engaged on every important criminal case tried in his county, and frequently in Napanee and Brockville. The case of Elijah Vankough- net, tried for the murder of John Richard- son, at the Kingston fall assizes in 1881, attracted much interest at the time. The prisoner had publicly confessed having committed the murder, under most cold- blooded circumstances, and without a pre- tence at justification. His confession, giv- ing minute details of the crime, appeared in all the local papers, and in the Globe, and Mail, but by skilful cross-examination, Mr. McGuire succeeded in having evidence of the confession rejected on the ground that it was obtained by improper inducements. The jury failed to agree, and were discharg- ed. The case came on again for trial at the following spring assizes, when much fresh evidence was produced, and not a shadow of a doubt apparently remained of the prisoner's guilt; yet such was the effect of a fervid speech by Mr. McGuire, that the jury, to the surprise of all, appended to their verdict of guilty, a strong recommen- dation to mercy. In July, 1883, McGuire was appointed a Q.C. He holds a certifi- cate from the Military school at Kingston, was aiderman from 1879 to 1884, inclusive, and during a greater portion of the same period, was a member of the separate school board. He has been an active member of the local Conservative Association, and is CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 703 one of the joint secretaries of the Liberal- Conservative Association of Ontario ; has, during the general elections since 1873, been a vigorous campaign speaker, addressing political meetings in Kingston, Frontenac, Addington, Prince Edward, South Victoria, Lennox, Leeds and Prescott. He has been president of the St. Patrick's Society for about eight years ; of the St. Vincent de Paul Society, two years ; of the Kingston Mechanics' Institute, two years, and is vice- president of the Catholic Literary Associa- tion. Mr. McGuire is a Roman catholic ; and married on July 2nd, 1877, Mary V., eldest daughter of John C. Cunningham, and a descendant of the celebrated Sir Matthew Hale. He has for a year past been editor-in-chief of the Daily News and of the Canadian Freeman, and is a member of the Canadian Press Association. In his editorial capacity he has proved himself a vigorous and graceful writer. He favours the continuation of the present relation of Canada towards the Mother Country ; and on Irish affairs has been a warm supporter of those who agitate in a constitutional way for the amelioration of the economical and political affairs of Ireland. JBartlet, Alexander, Police Magis- trate, Windsor, Ontario, was born on the 31st December, 1822, in the parish of Forgue, County of Aberdeen, Scotland, and is the youngest member of a family of four children, all of whom are still alive. He is a son of Alexander and Mary (Redford) Bartlet. His education was obtained at the parish school, where he was thoroughly grounded in the English branches as well as in the rudiments of classics and the higher mathematics. Mr. Bartlet left his native land in 1841, and came to Canada, and settled at Amherstburg, then one of the largest towns of Western Canada. He re- mained in Amherstburg until 1853 (with the exception of a short time spent in Lon- don, Ontario), when he moved to Windsor, and here he has permanently resided ever since. In the year 1858 he was appointed to the position of town clerk of Windsor, and held that office until November, 1878, when he received at the hands of Mr. Mowat's government the appointment as police magistrate of the same town. In 1873 he was prominently connected with the organization and completion of the present system of water works in Windsor, one of the best systems in the province, and has indeed been connected with all impor- tant municipal enterprises of Windsor since the incorporation of the town. During the period of his incumbency of the town clerk- ship, he prepared with one or two exceptions every by-law that was passed by the council. Besides the offices above mentioned, he has held that of secretary to the High and Pub- lic School boards since 1858 to the present time. During his whole life Mr. Bartlet has been a staunch Liberal, and a strong supporter of the Reform party. In religion he is, and always has been, a Presbyterian, and is at present ruling elder in St. Andrew's Presbyterian church session. He married at Amherstburg in 1851, Helen McDonald, daughter of the late James Noble of that town, and has three daughters and two sens living. He is a man whose industry, public spirit and high and honour- able aims have left a permanent impression upon the material and moral life of the community. Chown, Edwin, Kingston, was born in Devonshire, England, on the 24th day of February, 1832. His father had been a farmer in England, and when he arrived in Canada his capital was exhausted. There was a family of six children, and Edwin, with the rest, had to be content with a com- mon school education. From his eleventh year, Edwin Chown earned his own living. Early in life he engaged in various occu- pations ; was at one time a confectioner, again a carpenter, and then a tallow chan- dler. In 1836, he engaged with James Powell to learn the tin business, and served an apprenticeship of five years at the same. He then commenced business for himself, and steadily, if sometimes slowly, made his way up to a prominent and honoured place in the business life of the community. Ho served in the city council as council- man, and subsequently as aiderman for a period in all of about twenty years ; and he has been one of the governors of the Kingston General Hospital since 1877. Mr. Chown was for twenty-seven years a part- ner with Henry Cunningham, under the firm name of Chown & Cunningham, en- gaged in the manufacture of stoves and agricultural implements. In 1884 he re- signed his share in the business to his second son, Charles Douglas Chown. Mr. Chown has been twice married, first to Harriet Anning, by whom there is one child living, the Rev. Edwin Anning Chown, a prominent minister of the Canada Metho- dist church. He married the second time, Amelia Anning, and by this union there were seven sons and two daughters, five sons and one daughter of whom are living, and stationed as follows Charles Douglas, 704 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF of the firm of Chown & Cunningham; Henry Havlock, medical doctor at Winni- peg ; Albert Pollard, druggist, Kingston ; George Young, B.A. of Queen's, now a partner with his father in business ; Alice Amelia, graduate of the Hamilton Teachers' College ; Stanley Thorn, taking an art course at Queen's College. Thus, by upright and honourable dealing, by industry, care and economy, Mr. Chown has brought up his family in a way that would be an honour to any parent, and he has secured a com- petency ample forhis declining years. Davies, Rev. Henry William,D.D., Toronto, was born on June 24, 1834, in Cleveland, State of Ohio, being a son of John and Cynthia Davies, of the same place. He came to Canada in 1840, and, after pass- ing through an elementary school, entered the Cornwall Grammar school, under W. Kay. His studies at that institution em- braced the usual branches of a Grammar school education. His parents did not remove to Ontario, and he was brought up by an aunt, on his father's side, who married the late Guy Carleton Wood, of Cornwall, whose sister was wife of Bishop Strachan. In 1852 he matriculated at Trinity College, gaining a Divinity scholarship, and also the Burnside scholar- ship at the end of the first year. He graduated with classical honours in 1855, and proceeded regularly to the degrees of M.A., B.D., and D.D., the last two by examinations, being the first conferred on any graduate of Trinity College. He was appointed curate of St. Peter's, Cobourg, under the Ven. Archdeacon Bethune, after- wards second bishop of Toronto. In 1858, on receiving his appointment as master of the Grammar school, at Cornwall, he became curate of Trinity Church, under the late Ven. Archdeacon Patton. On removing to Toronto, in 1866, to fill the position of Eng- lish master in the Toronto Normal school, he became assistant to the Rev. W. S. Darling of Holy Trinity, and for the last few years Dr. Davies has been attached, though not permanently, to St. Luke's ; his services being at the command of any bro- ther clergyman desiring assistance. He was initiated into Masonry in St. John's lodge, Kingston, and on removing to To- ronto, he affiliated with Ionic lodge, filling the chairs of chaplain, senior warden, and master, respectively. He is now grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Canada. Shortly after receiving the above-named appointment, Dr. Davies was requested by the Council of Public Instruction to write two works on English grammar, suitable for use in the Public and High schools of Ontario. In obedience to the request he prepared an English grammar for junior classes, and an Analytical and Practical Grammar-works showing much thought and care, and a thorough adaptation to their respective fields. He afterwards pub- lished an English Literature Primer, for the use of candidates preparing for second class teachers' examinations, a neat and valuable little book, which, as well as the works already mentioned, obtained an ex- tensive use in the public schools. In 1871, upon the resignation of Dr. Sangster, Dr. Davies was promoted to the position of principal of the Normal School. From that time, as has been very truthfully pointed out in an educational journal, he laboured with earnestness and success in maintaining and extending the reputation of the institu- tion over which he presided. He was ever ready to make any personal sacrifice for the benefit of his students, and the more clearly his character was understood the higher be- came one's admiration and respect for the man. He encouraged athletic exercises and field sports, and secured the establishment of a fine professional and general library for the use of teachers and students of the Normal School. Under his management the Normal School attained the highest pos- sible repute for the thoroughness and the sound ness of its methods ; and one competent authority says :-" The plan which Dr. Davies pursues in teaching would give rise to great thoughtfulness and expansion of mind." About a year ago the public learnt with deep regret that Dr. Davies had severed his connection with the Normal School. One of the Educational journals subsequent- ly printed the following paragraph :-" In the Rev. Dr. Davies' retirement from the Normal School, Toronto, that institution loses a most faithful and diligent head. Possessing a most kindly heart, it was per- haps unfortunate for his popularity, that a too conscientious estimate of the obligation he was under to his pupils to promote their interests, despite their own indifference, gave him for some little time at least a re- putation for austerity that he scarcely de- served. We regret that for some time the learned doctor has been in delicate health. His temporary leisure will, no doubt, re- store him to his usual vigour. We trust that the government will reward his long and faithful service to one of our most im- portant provincial educational institutions,, by an appointment to a less onerous, but CANABJAN BIOGRAPHY. 705 equally honourable position." With the wish embodied at the close of this paragraph we cordially join ours. It would be a pity to allow the talents and the experience of this distinguished educationist and scholar to remain inactive, when we have so much need of them in educational circles. Dr. Davies married, on October 12, 1856, Emily Todd, youngest daughter of the late W. P. Patrick, who was for many years connected with the House of Assembly. Cumberland, Frederic William, (deceased), M.P., Colonel in the Canadian Volunteers, of Pendarves, Toronto, was born in London, England, in 1820, his father holding a government appointment in the Civil Service at Westminster, and subse- quently in Dublin Castle. His education was commenced at the Collegiate school, at Dublin, and from thence he was entered at King's college, London, under the pres- entation of the Earl of Ellesmere. Having completed his studies here without any dis- tinction beyond that of being a mettlesome, rollicking youth, he was apprenticed, as was then the custom, to a William Tress, C.E., for five years, during which time he was engaged on various architectural works, and in the surveys for the Tithe Commutation Commission, and on the East- ern Counties, City and Richmond, and Ply- mouth, Exeter, and Falmouth railways. Upon the expiration of his articles, he was employed as an assistant engineer upon the London and Birmingham Railway. In 1844, he left the railway service, on being appointed, upon the recommendation of Lord Stanley (then Colonial Secretary), to the Engineering Department of the Admir- alty, of which Colonel Brandreth, R.E., F.R,S., was director-general, under whom he served, as first assistant at H. M. dock- yard, at Chatham. Here he superintended the construction of the dry docks and sea- walling, involving an expenditure during his term of service of upwards of £100,000 stg. per annum. The works at Chatham approaching completion, he was promoted to H. M. dockyard at Portsmouth, where the works were of greater magnitude, and as second under Sir William Denison, F.R.S. (afterwards appointed governor of Van Die- man's Land), he was engaged in the pre- paration of designs, contracts, and supervi- sion of construction of the three dry docks, the forts and batteries for the protection of the dockyard, and the erection of the vari- ous government buildings. During these years, 1845 to 1847, he also assisted Sir Wil- liam Denison and Captain James, R.E., in editing " The Professional Papers of the Corps of Royal Engineers," a work of high rank and professional standing, which con- tains several papers contributed by his own pen. Having married Wilmot Bramley, whose sister was the wife of T. G. Ridout, then cashier of the Bank of Upper Canada, he concluded to make venture of emigra- tion to a younger land. Resigning his position, and fortified by recommendations of the highest character, including one from Sir Charles Barry, the architect of the parliament buildings at Westminster, who testified that, from an acquaintance with his professional work as an architect, he had " the highest opinions of his qualifi- cations and character," he arrived, after a six weeks passage in a sailing ship, at New York, and thence by the slow progress of the Erie canal came to Toronto, in the autumn of 1847. With great glee he used to relate his first earnings were earned in laying out the corner of Bloor and Yonge streets, and the incidents of his attendances at fires, in the capacity of valuator for the British American Assurance Co., his first regular appointment. In 1848, he was appointed county engineer for the County of York, and in 1851, was sent to England, and acted with much success, as secretary of the Provincial Industrial Commmission, and as commissioner for Canada, at the Great Exhibition of all Nations, held at London, England, in that year. During the period, 1848 to 1858, it was then Mr. Cumberland left the imprint of his abilities upon the architectural features of Toronto. Taking into partnership, first, T. Ridout, and, subsequently, W. G. Storm, he es- tablished a superiority which secured to his firm nearly all the public buildings which were erected at that time, as well as a private practice of great magnitude. Being a man of unflagging energy, he also, dur- ing the earlier portion of his career, made use of his knowledge in railway matters, and in 1852, as chief engineer, undertook the superintendence of the construction of the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway, then opened for thirty miles, to Aurora. He located the line north from Barrie, and selected Collingwood as the northern ter- minus. But a few farm houses were then existing in their vicinity, the shores were wooded to the water's edge, and the Hen and Chickens harbour was destitute of any inhabitants, where now stands the thriving town of Collingwood, with a popu- lation of 10,000. Having completed the con- struction, he, in 1854, resigned his position 706 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF as chief engineer, and engaged solely in architectural work. Well educated in his craft, with a fine eye for form, and great facility in planning and massing of struc- tures, the St. James' cathedral, Normal school, and Osgoode hall, are not unworthy specimens of his designs. The senate of the University of Toronto, having now, un- der the guiding hand of Governor-General Sir Edmund Head, determined on the erec- tion of buildings commensurate with its lofty purposes, appointed Mr. Cumberland their architect, and at their request he visited England and the continent for a year, to pre- pare himself, by further study and compari- son of the great edifices of the early ages. Returning, he devoted himself to the work, and completed the design and details for the present buildings, in the Queen's Park, To- ronto, which were executed under his daily supervision. This magnificent structure, ac- knowledged to be, without parallel, the finest specimen of Norman Gothic architec- ture on the continent of America, was his last design, and formed a fitting conclusion to his architectural career. In 1858, the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway had be- come bankrupt, and having fallen into a condition of dilapidation, was ordered by the government to be closed, as being unsafe for the public use. Having been appointed its vice-president, Mr. Cumberland saw an opportunity for exercising his talents in the working of railways, for which his experi- ence in England had so peculiarly fitted him. Fully acquainted with every section of the country through which it passed, having faith in its future, and rare prescience as to its ultimate success, he devised a scheme for the re-organization of the company. Armed with new legislation for its absorption, and the creation of the Northern Railway of Canada, he visited England, and, by his enthusiasm and personal influence, induced the English investors to double their pre- vious investment, in order to save that which otherwise would have been irretriev- ably lost. He returned in 1859, as its managing director. Here began a connec- tion which endured with fidelity on both sides for twenty-two years, until, with his death, in 1881, was terminated his term of service. He reconstructed the railway, and, casting aside the through business, he devoted every energy to the nurture and growth of the local interests of the dis- district, and the economical and efficient working of the line. In the first year of management, although the total earnings were $21,657 less than those of the previous year, the company made a profit of $58,859, instead of suffering a loss. The same policy was consistently followed throughout. The strongest inducements were held out to lum- bermen to develop the timber lands along the line, mills were encouraged, and stations opened at every point which showed any de- mand-indeed, so much was this the case, that an anecdote is handed down that on one occasion, when the conductor had stop- ped the train at a new road-crossing, the engine driver, leaning out of his cab, called out, " Wot's this ?" and being told that it was " a new flag station," replied, in tones of disgust, " a new flag station ! well, I should like to know whether I'm driving an express train or an omnibus ! " The speed of the trains may not have been great, but in all his career not a passenger was ever hurt The railway facilities were, as it were, brought home to every man's door, and throughout his term of management, local interests reigned supreme. His constant efforts were directed to the creation of branch lines, which should tap the newly- developing country, and bring their traffic to the main stem. In this view he projected and constructed, under other companies, the North Grey, the Penetanguishene, and Mus- koka branches, and just before his death, completed the organization for the construc- tion of the Callendar branch, by which To- ronto and the Province of Ontario are now united to the Canadian Pacific. These sub- sidiary lines were all afterwards amalgamat- ed into the one company, and remain as evidence of his desire to give railway ad- vantages to the district which his company served. From a gross earning of $240,044, in 1859, he advanced the revenues of his company to $1,289,507, in 1881, the year of his death, and never for one day during that term was the interest on its bonds in arrears. A persuasive speaker, and of great force of character, his personality pervaded all enterprises to which he devoted himself, and thus he made his railway fill a larger space in the public eye than, perhaps, its mileage or earnings, in comparison with other Canadian railways, deserved. When the Hamilton and North-Western Railway was constructed, in direct opposition to the Northern, it was thought that the day of his influence was gone, but with great pati- ence and fertility of resource he waited his time, and his astonished opponents woke up one morning to find that just as they had completed their new line it had passed into his hands. From this time on opposition ceased, the people began to find that while CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 707 faithful to his company he was earnest in his endeavours to advance their mutual in- terests. His dogged persistence and indo- mitable will in working out his designs for the advancement of his company, necessa- rily created hostility and opposition, but a thorough geniality of disposition, and perfect ease of access overcame much of this during his life, while after his death even his most inveterate opponents acknowledged his merits, and added their testimony that no sordid motive or mean self interest ever prompted any of his lines of action. To- wards his employees he stood in the relation of a father and a friend. Seldom has firm rule, exacting instant and complete obedi- ence, combined with kindly consideration, been better exemplified than in him. He made it his business to know, not only each man in the service, but also the condition of his family, and the inner details of his life. His object was to build up the old ideal union between master and man, and in this, not the least of his successes, he admittedly won the faithful service and full affection of all who were engaged under him. There was a deep significance in the utterance of one of his employees, who said, as he stood looking at his dead master's face as he lay in his coffin-" There lies the North- ern Railway." The bronze monument placed at Allandale (the work of the Cana- dian sculptor, F. W. Dunbar), modelled with great success, and presenting a very striking likeness, has on its granite pedes- tal the inscription-" Erected by the men of the Northern and North-Western Rail- ways, 1881," and fitly preserves the record of the esteem with which his memory is revered. Mr. Cumberland was a man of fine social instincts, the very soul of friend- ship and hospitality. He interested himself largely in matters other than his business. In 1861, at the time of the Trent affair, he organized the regiment then known as the 10th Royals or Mechanics' Regiment, now the Royal Grenadiers, and becoming its first colonel, retained command until in 1864 he was, in recognition of his services, ap- pointed aide-de-camp to the governor-gene- ral, a position he held until the departure of Lord Dufferin, when he resigned. In 1866, he went to the front on the staff of Colonel Lowry, at the time of the Fenian raid, and had particular charge of the railway service. For many years, he was an active member of the Masonic body, assisting in the re-organ- ization of St. Andrew's lodge, of which he became master, and subsequently deputy grand master of the Toronto district ; was one of the founders and vice-president of the Canadian Institute, and a president for two years of the St. George's Society. Was a president of the Mechanics' Institute, in which he always took a lively interest, found- ing in it a scholarship for his own Northern Railway apprentices, and designing and superintending the construction of its build- ing-the present public library-as a free gift in its aid. In 1867, he represented Al- goma in the Ontario, and again in 1871, in the Dominion parliament. He resigned, on finding the duties interfered too much with his railway practice. Late in life, he entered himself as a student at Osgoode Hall, and it is remembered that on being given for trans- lation the Ode of Horace, beginning with " Exegid monumentum oere perennius," he, with much aptitude, added, in allusion to the surrounding buildings, of which he him- self had been the architect, " Si monumen- tum requiris circumspice." (If you seek the monument, look around.) He was a mem- ber of the senate of the University of To- ronto, and subsequently of Trinity College, a prominent member of the Synod of the Church of England, and a director of the Canadian Bank of Commerce. Fond of athletics and sport, he was at the time of his death, president of the Toronto Cricket Club, and of the Ontario Jockey Club ; his youthfulness of disposition making him a great favourite among young men. He died at his residence, Pendarves, Toronto, on Sth August, 1881, in the 61st year of his age, deeply regretted, and leaving a large blank in social and public circles. A courtly, cultivated gentleman, of good presence and great personal magnetism, a speaker of clear and close reasoning, with a great flow of lan- guage, at times rising to eloquence ; some- what of a poet, yet intensely practical, vig- ourous in design, and with rare executive ability, it may truly be said of him, in all the varied matters in which he interested himself-Nihil tetigit quod non ornavit. It is the varied conditions attendant upon the early years of a young and growing community which call into play versatile abilities such as he possessed. Of these he did not fail to take advantage, and thus left his mark upon his adopted land. Ferrier, Alexander David, Lieut. Col., ex-M. P. P., J.P., Fergus, Ont., was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 13th November, 1813. His father was Louis Henry Ferrier, of Belsyde, Lintithgowshire, Scotland, who died in Quebec, February, 1883, where he held the position of collec- tor of customs, having removed with his 708 A CYCLOPEDIA OF family to Quebec in June, 1830. His mother was Charlotte Monro, second daughter of Alexander Monro, professor of anatomy in the University of Edinburgh, who died in 1821. A. D. Ferrier was educated at the Edinburgh Academy and University. Upon his arriving at Quebec with his father, he entered a merchant's office, where he remain- ed till 1834, and after a visit to Britain came to Fergus, Ont., in June 1835. Here he worked upon his farm till 1846, when he went to Elora, as book-keeper to Ross & Co., mill owners. &c. In 1849 Mr. Ferrier was appointed clerk to the Wellington county council, which position he held till 1871, when he resigned. He removed to Elora in 1844, and to Guelph in 1849. In 1850 Mr. Ferrier married Magdalene Ding- wall Fordyce, who died without issue in September, 1872. Mr. Ferrier returned to Fergus, to his old place in 1854 ; but sold out in 1875, and proceeded to Britain, and returned in 1878. In 1854 he did business in Fergus as accountant and conveyancer, &c., which occupation he gave up in 1875. He was a member of the old district coun- cil for four years, from 1845 to 1849, and in September, 1867, was elected M.P.P. for the Centre Riding of Wellington. He was a private in the Fergus volunteers in 1835, and served during the rebellion in 1837 and 1838. He obtained his commission as cap- tain in the 13th Gore in 1839, and in 1859 was gazetted lieut.-colonel of the Fourth Wellington militia, which battalion he or- ganized. Col. Ferrier was a commissioner of the old court of requests, and was made a J. P. in 1843. He was secretary to two road companies, Guelph and Arthur and Fergus and Owen Sound, till the county assumed them. He has not lately taken a very deep interest in politics, seeing that there are plenty of men for that business. He was a member of St. Andrew's Society of Fergus and also the Curling Club. Col. Ferrier has travelled from Land's End to John O'Groat's, and from Quebec to Win- nipeg ; and he declares that Dunkeld in Scotland is the prettiest place that he has seen, and his own native town of Edin- burgh by far a more beautiful city than any in Britain or in this Dominion. His father was an elder in the church of Scot- land, and he has been an elder in the Pres- byterian church of Canada for over forty years. When he first visited Montreal, in September, 1830, the steamboat landed its passengers on a mud bank, as there was no wharf there of any kind. When Mr. Ferrier first saw York in 1834, there was a pool at the corner of Yonge and King streets covered with green slime, and a nice little creek at the west end meandering through the town. The leading hotel was not exact- ly equal to the "Queen's." There was no decent road north of Dundas, and there wasn't a tree cut between Fergus and Owen Sound. Tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis ! Colonel Ferrier was appointed a school commissioner for Nichol in 1836, then township superintendent in 1843, and in 1879 chairman of the school board for Fer- gus. He held the latter position for six years, when he declined re-election for the trusteeship. Fitz-Gerald, Frederick Ar del I, London, J.P. for the County of Middlesex, was born on October 16th, 1840, in the town- ship of London, in the county just named, and is a son of the late John and Rebecca Fitz-Gerald, descendants of an ancient Irish family. Mr Fitz-Gei aid's parents emigrated from Ireland to Canada in 1820, and settled in the township of London. They had a large family, and the subject of this sketch and five daughters survive them, all of whom are married and comfortably settled. F.A. Fitz-Gerald was educated in the public schools of the township and city of London, receiving there a solid English education. He was one of the builders of the London water works in 1878; and his firm, F. A. Fitz-Gerald & Co., purchased the deben- tures issued by the city for their construc- tion. His connection with secret societies has been confined to the Masonic craft and to the order of Foresters. He has travelled over the greater part of Europe, visiting the chief places of historic note and interest there. In religion, he was brought up in the Methodist faith, and has been a regular attendant of that church all his life. He married Mary Edith, eldest daughter of Major Charles Jones, of the same county, and formerly of London, Ehgland ; and has a family of three sons and one daugh- ter. Mr. Fitz Gerald is a Liberal-Conser- vative in politics, and takes much interest in public questions. He began life in the grocery business, in the City of London, and by unremitting industry, by watchful- ness and by ability built up a large trade, which is now conducted upon his own property, on Dundas street, known as the Fitz-Gerald block. This is one of the most handsome structures in the city. For the past fifteen years Mr. Fitz-Gerald's atten- tion has been principally directed to pe- troleum oil operations ; his far-sightedness and sound judgment having seen therein CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 709 a good field for operation. He is largely in- terested in oil refining ; and is president and managing director of the Imperial Oil Re- fining Company, an immense concern, com- posed of a wealthy corporation of oil men. His firm of F. A. Fitz Gerald & Co. are largely interested in the production of crude oil, and it owns extensive and valuable oil producing property in Enniskillen, Lamb- ton county. Mr. Fitz-Gerald is likewise president of the Oil Refiners' Association. He is also president of the London Furni- ture Manufacturing Company, and through his superior business ability restored an es- tablishment that was fast decaying to one of the most prosperous concerns in western Canada, giving employment to a large num- ber of artisans. He is also associated, as director, with several other important finan- cial, manufacturing and commercial institu- tions in Ontario ; and, regarded in any and every light, may be set down as a represen- tative Canadian. Mercier, 11 on. Honore, Q.C., Mont- real, M. P.P. for St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, was born at Iberville in the above province, on the 15th October, 1840. His father was born at St. Pierre, Montmagny, and established himself at St. Athanase, and later at Iber- ville, of which place he was one of the first settlers. Honore Mercier received a thor- ough literary education at the Jesuit's Col- lege, Montreal ; studied law with Laflam- boise & Papineau (now both judges), and was admitted to practice in 1865. While yet a law student he embarked in journal- ism, and gave his support to the Macdonald- Sicotte Liberal administration of 1862. Upon his admission to the bar he dropped journalism for a time, and devoted his ener- gies to his profession. His ardour, industry and natural abilities soon gave him a fore- most place at the bar ; and thenceforth he was a marked man. In 1871 he appeared in the political arena at Bagot, as a sup- porter of M. Langelier (later Hon. Francois), the Liberal candidate. The following year, upon the earnest solicitations of his friends, he offered himself for Rouville, in the House of Commons, and was elected. After the downfall of the Conservative government, in 1873, M. Mercier yielded his seat to M. Cheval, in 1874, to avoid dividing the vote of the Liberal party in the case of the re- doubtable Conservative candidate, M. Gi- gault, and on retiring again to private life, became partner to Mr. Bourgeois, of St. Hyacinthe, now judge in Three Rivers. In 1878 M. Mercier was the Liberal candidate for the House of Commons for St. Hya- cinthe, and lost his election by six votes. On the 3rd June, 1879, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly to represent St. Hyacinthe, with a majority of 307, and was admitted into the Joly administration as solicitor-general, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the Hon. P. Bachand. He held this office till the administration went out of office in the same year. In 1881, M. Mercier left St. Hyacinthe for Montreal, where he still practises as a lawyer ; and at the general provincial election of December, 1881, he was elected by acclamation for his old constituency. M. Mercier's life has been a very busy and an extremely useful one ; and has been devoted in turn to jour- nalism, law and politics, and sometimes to all three together. He is ever ready for duty, and when he strikes a blow it is in- variably with an iron hand. He is a ready and effective speaker, a strong and brilliant writer, and an extremely capable lawyer. Although in political fight he strikes hard, he never " hits when down," or " below the belt," but is honourable and even generous with opponents. M. Mercier is a moderate Liberal, and he has never put party above his country, or his personal interests before the public good. He has a true and high appreciation of the beautiful and the true, and as L'Opinion Publique says " loves the world, notwithtanding its imperfection, and politics in spite of their annoyances." In 1883 M. Mercier was chosen leader of the Liberal opposition in the Quebec Assembly, at the instance of the then leader, Mr. Joly, and still holds that position. He married on the 29th May, 1866, Leopoldine Boivin, of St. Hyacinthe, but she died. He married again on May 9th, 1871, Virginie St. Denis, of the same city. McGregor, James, Detroit, Michi- gan, was born in Scotland in 1830, from the good old McGregor stock, and came to Canada in 1855. He was in charge of some of the car shops of the Great Western Rail- way for a long period ; but in 1860 was selected to look after the car shops of the Detroit & Milwaukee Railway at Detroit, as master car builder. Here he remained until 1869, when he resigned, to assume the superintendency of the large car building shops of the Michigan Car Company, at Detroit, and he is still connected with that company. Mr. McGregor has a full share of this world's goods, and has recently built a fine modern house, on Jefferson avenue, Detroit, where he and his family reside during the winter. In summer the house- hold betake themselves to Mr. McGregor's 710 A CYCLOPEDIA OF beautiful riverside residence, Alta Vista Farm, St. Clair, one of the most picturesque situations on the whole of the St. Clair or Detroit rivers. Mr. McGregor has a family of four girls and two boys, the former being accomplished and charming young ladies, and the elder of the boys an active help to his father in superintending the large manu- factory under his charge. Mr. McGregor is a great reader, has a contemplative mind of the Scotch type, and is a genuine angler. He is probably the most expert angler for bass and other game fish on our inland lakes and rivers. Oswald, William Robert, Lieu- tenant-Colonel, commander of the Brigade of the Montreal Garrison Artillery, was born at Seabank, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, was educated at Bellevue House, and was actually, although some timer later, under the same masters as Sir Peter Lumsden, of Afghanistan fame. He is the descen- dant of an ancient family which has held an honoured place in the annals of not only Scotland but of England since the days of the Saxon Heptarchy. The deriva- tion of the name is suggestive of its Anglo- Saxon origin, os, signifying, " man," and wald, "wood." The legend says that the founder of the Oswald family was the Earl, or petty king of Northumberland of those early days, who had three sons, one a soldier, the second a sailor, who founded a family in Fife, and the third a merchant, the ancestor of the Oswalds of Ayr. From the soldier sprang the Oswalds of Dunni- keer and the Oswalds of Auchencruive, families of distinction in the shire. The colonel's father married a daughter of Cap- tain Mackenzie, of Frendville, Aberdeen- shire, who belongs to an old and well-known Highland family. It will thus be seen that the subject of this sketch legitimately in- herits his love for military life, which, no doubt, he would have embraced in early days had the opportunity offered, and like many cadets of noble Scotch families who in the past have " filled a page in story," either in the annals of their country or in those of many nations, where the wandering Scot, like Andrew Fairservice and the hero of Quentin Durward, as graphically por- trayed by Sir Walter Scott, have taken into their service, along with their swords a shrewdness and sagacity that has raised them to the front rank. Colonel Oswald's lines, however, lay in the more pacific and profitable, if less romantic, paths of mercan- tile life, and in 1866 he sailed for Canada. He stopped here for a year and a half before going back to his native land, and returned shortly after with the agency of the Scottish Provident and the Scottish Fire Insurance Companies ; settled in Mont- trea], and is now of the firm of Oswald Brothers, stock brokers, 53 and 55 St. Francois Xavier street, general agents for the City of London Insurance Company, and one of the senior members of the Stock Exchange. In 1868 he entered the Garri- son artillery, then commanded by Colonel Ferrier, who was succeeded by Colonel Henry McKay and he, in his turn, by Colonel Torrence Fraser, who was the predecessor of Colonel Oswald. The colonel, during the seventeen years since his entry into the regiment, has been connected with the ser- vice, and continuously in the Garrison ar- tillery, with the exception of three years in the Field battery, returning to it to take command on June 24th, 1881. He found it in a most demoralized state, there not being fifty officers and men all told, but going energetically to work he soon raised it to the standard of 1870, when it marched, 300 strong, to the front during the Fenian raid. Being a strict disciplinarian, he soon restored its former efficiency. At the time of the raid he was lieutenant of No. 6 Bat- tery at Trout river, when his command was under fire. Lieutenant Oswald met with an adventure during this campaign which might have had a very serious ending. He proposed to Colonel Ferrier to visit the Fenian camp at Malone, in disguise, and ascertain the strength of the enemy. He managed matters as he thought very cleverly, but towards evening, finding that he was an object of suspicion, reported himself to General Hunt, who was in com- mand of the United States troops sent to prevent the Fenians from crossing the bor- der. The lieutenant asked General Hunt how he knew he was a spy. " We have known it all day," was the reply, "though you think you are so well disguised. We spotted you the moment you sat down at the table for breakfast, and next time you try your hand keep on your hat. We saw the diagonal mark of the forage cap across your forehead, the covered part being whiter than that exposed to the sun, and knew at once you were a British soldier." About twelve years ago he joined the Dominion Artillery Association, was its first life mem- ber, and took command of the first Canadian team to Shoeburyness in 1881, winning the Marquis of Lome's prize in the contest, be- tween England and Canada. He succeeded General Luard as president of the associa- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 711 tion, which position he now holds. The re- ception of the English team last season was principally due to the encouragement he gave, and it was owing to him that the 40 lb. breech-loading Armstrong guns now in the possession of the Canadian artillery were procured through the medium of the minis- ter of militia. The cup presented by the Marquis of Lome is a handsome specimen of the silversmith's art, and bears an inscrip- tion to the effect that it was a special mark of approbation for the energy and judgment he had shown. It was his intention, last June, to have gone with the Canadian team to England, but that project, on account of the North-West troubles had to be aban- doned, especially as some of the best men were going with the Montreal brigade to the North-West. Lieut.-Colonel Oswald has two brothers : the eldest served as a lieu- tenant in the Victoria Rifles at Pigeon Hill in 1870; was captain and adjutant com- manding a troop of fifty-two scouts, under General Strange, at Fort Pitt, during the late rebellion, and now holds a commission in the Mounted Infantry Corps, Winnipeg. The younger brother was attached to the Royal engineers in Egypt, and passed all through the recent campaign there. Our subject has long been a member of St. Paul's Church, his wife's mother being the daughter of Dr. Black, the first pastor of that church. Colonel Oswald is a member of the Masonic craft. He has travelled on the continent of Europe, through the South- ern States, and through Canada as far as British Columbia. The brigade of Mont- real artillery, under command of Colonel Oswald, served through the North-West rebellion campaign of 1885, receiving the Imperial war medal for this service. Colonel Oswald married Miss Greenshields, daugh- ter of the late John Greenshields, founder of the old and well-known dry-goods firm of Greenshields, Son & Co. Dryden, John, Brooklin, Ontario, M.P.P. for South Ontario, was born in the township of Whitby, on the 5th of June, 1840. His father was the late lamented James Dryden, who was born at Sunderland, Eng- land, in 1806, and while yet an infant was taken by his parents to Walsingham, in the County of Durham. There the grandfather of our subject soon after met his death through a fall from his horse. James Dry- den, an only child, emigrated to Canada with his mother in 1820, settling in the township of Whitby. Here the widow married again the late William Paxton, father of Mr. She- riff Paxton. James Dryden resided with his mother and stepfather until he came of age, when he settled on lot 27, 2nd concession of Whitby. Here he married and remained till 1832, when he bought 200 acres on lot 20, 7th concession, forming the old homestead of Maple Shade. Here Mr. Dryden lived, and prospered, and died; here he saw vil- lages and manufactures, and industries opening up, and the establishment of schools and villages, though when he first took up his residence there, the neighbourhood was a primeval wilderness. He was created a justice of the peace, and was a member of the old district council, when Ontario, York and Peel were united. He afterwards repre- sented the township of Whitby, as reeve in the county council of Ontario. He held most of the municipal offices in the town- ship, and was a director of the Bank of Ontario for many years, and was president of the Port Whitby and Port Perry Railway Company. He married three times ; first, Abile Groat, by whom he had one child, still living. Some years later (1835), he married Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. William Marsh, Baptist clergyman, and by this lady, there are four surviving children, one of whom is the subject of this sketch ; another, George, manager and chief proprie- tor of the manufacturing firm of Paxton, Tate & Co., Port Perry ; he married, a third time, Mary Stephenson, but she died without issue. John Dryden at first attend- ed the common school, and concluded his studies at the Whitby High School. At the age of nineteen, he left school, and two years afterwards, having a desire for agri- cultural pursuits, rented the farm of his father, and since that time has remained on the old homestead, the property com- ing fully into his possession upon the death of his father. We may say that since as- suming control of this fine property, he has enlarged and improved it, until now the estate consists of about 400 acres. He is captain of a company of Ontario county militia, and has always taken an interest in our volunteer corps. He was elected to the township council of Whitby, and held that position for a number of years, and he was subsequently elected reeve of the township by acclamation, being re-elected the two terms following, after which he withdrew from the office. He was likewise elected a school trustee, and this position he still holds, taking a deep interest always in edu- cational work. In 1879, he was elected by the large majority of nearly 400 voters to represent the riding of South Ontario in the Local Assembly, and was re-elected in 712 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF 1883, and still retains his seat in the House. He was a director and shareholder of the Lindsay and Port Perry Railway, up to the time of its amalgamation with the Grand Trunk ; is a member and has been for a number of years president of the County of Ontario Agricultural Society; is presi- dent of the Dominion Short Horn Breeders Association ; is a director of the American Clydesdale Association, and the Shropshire Sheep Association of the United States. He has always taken an active interest in agricultural matters. In politics he is a Liberal, and is one of the leading members of the Reform Association. His travels have been extensive, he having visited a good deal of Canadian territory, the United States and Great Britain. He is a Baptist; is pres- ident of the Baptist Union of Canada, and director of the Home Mission Society of Ontario in connection with that church. He married on the 13th of February, 1866, Mary Lydia, daughter of Thomas Holman, of the City of New York, a well-known publisher there, and has by this union six children. He is a man of remarkable en- ergy, and of splendid business abilities. As a member of the legislature, he is active, and awake to all important matters coming before that House. His good judgment and his high repute gave him a prominent stand- ing in the Assembly, and his constituency is to be congratulated upon being repre- sented by so influential a man. Wilkie, Daniel, M.A., Quebec.-The deceased Mr. Wilkie was born at Craig- nethan, County of Lanark, Scotland, on the 9th of November, 1815, and came to Canada in 1826, to reside with his uncle, the late Rev. Daniel Wilkie, LL.D., of Quebec city. [See life of Rev. Dr. Wilkie, page 420 ] After completing his education, he engaged for some time in mercantile pur- suits, in the office of the late Hon. James Leslie, and subsequently joined the staff of the High School, of which his uncle was principal, and to which position he was afterwards appointed. Mr. Wilkie was a man of recognized abilities, but still more remarkable for his unceasing and laborious pursuit of knowledge. He devoted himself heart and soul to his profession as a teacher, bringing his stores of general information to bear on every subject which he taught. He possessed in an eminent degree those qualities of head and heart which fit one for successfully imparting knowledge to others, aud when it is added that he was a man of deep religious conviction and feeling, an earnest Christian, " ever striving in all things to adorn the doctrine of Christ, his Saviour," it need not be wondered at that the religious and moral influence of his character left an indelible impress for good upon his pupils. He was a man of warm sympathies, and of a kind and benevolent disposition, never failing to enlist the sym- pathy of his scholars, so that they were all eager to please him, by assiduous attention to their studies. There are many of his old pupils holding prominent positions throughout the Dominion, who remember with gratitude his zealous efforts for their advancement, and gratefully and affection- ately cherish his memory. He was for many years the leading elder in St. An- drew's Church, Quebec ; a faithful, zealous superintendent of the Sabbath school, tak- ing a leading and prominent part in every Christian work in the city. Few men have led a more happy and contented life. The fruit of the Spirit was visible in his daily life and conversation, and it may truly be said of him, " Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace." The degree of M.A. was con- ferred upon Mr. Wilkie by McGill Univer- sity. During his lifetime, Mr. Wilkie held the position of governor of Morrin College, in which institution he took a very lively interest, and was also a prominent member of the Quebec Literary and Historical So- ciety. He died at Quebec, on the 10th of April, 1876, and was buried in Mount Her- mon Cemetery, on the banks of the St. Lawrence, where repose the ashes of a good many Scotchmen who have made their in- fluence for good felt in Canada. Mr. Wil- kie was married to Angelique Graddon, daughter of the late John Graddon, of Quebec, a descendant of the Cartier family, who were amongst the earliest French set- tlers in Quebec province. Mrs. Wilkie still survives. The fruit of the union was four sons and one daughter. The eldest surviv- ing son, D. R. Wilkie, now resides in To- ronto, and occupies the prominent position of cashier of the Imperial Bank. Pardee, Hon. Timothy Blair, Sar- nia, Q.C., M.PP. for West Lambton, Com- missioner of Crown Lands for the Province of Ontario, Bencher of the Law Society, was born in the County of Grenville, Ontario, on the 11th December, 1830. He is a son of A. B. Pardee and Jane Elliott, both de- ceased, and his paternal grandfather came originally to Canada from the Eastern States. Hon. Mr. Pardee's father was, during his life-time, a very prominent Son of Temperance, and for two years, 1864 CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 713 and 1865, occupied the honorable position of Most Worthy Associate of the Na- tional Division of North America. Timothy Blair Pardee received his early education- al training in his native county ; but he afterwards attended school at Brockville, where he completed his course. It was in the latter town that he began the study of law, entering the office of the Hon. William Buel Richards, afterwards chief justice of Canada. Before his studies were concluded, however, young Pardee, like many other adventurous spirits, became possessed of the western gold fever, and suddenly leaving the office he set out for California. Here he spent two years ; and then bent his steps to the still more alluring gold fields of Australia, where the next five years of his life were spent. He now be- came convinced that "searching for gold in pebble and clay " was not necessanly the shortest road to fortune, and a wider and a higher ambition entering his mind he turned his face towards his native land. Settling at Sarnia, Ontario, he resumed his reading of law, and finished the prescribed course in the office of Joshua Adams. At Hilary term, 1861, he was called to the bar, and has since practised his profession at Sarnia. He very speedily attracted attention among the legal confraternity, for he had almost all the qualities that go to make up the success- ful advocate. In the first place he was courteous and hearty in his manner, so that personal popularity at the very outset was secured. Then he was cautions, deliberating carefully over a matter before making up his mind, and this was a trait almost priceless. And when he arose to speak, he always had something to say ; and what he had to say was put in a terse, straight-forward, and vigorous manner. But better than all these qualities, he was exceedingly swift in pene- tration and in discrimination, and revealed that thorough insight into human character which gives the lawyer so much influence over juries, and invests every man with a power over his fellow-men. He had un- bounded energy, and an industry that knew no flagging ; and it is not strange that he soon had established a foremost place for himself in his profession. Nearly all of our able lawyers turn to politics ; and Mr. Pardee had to be in the fashion. At the first general election after confedera- tion, he was elected to the Ontario parlia- ment for West Lambton, and has since continued to represent that constituency. On October 25th, 1872, he accepted the office of Provincial Secretary in the Re- form government, which portfolio he held until December 4th, 1873, when he became Commissioner of Crown Lands. In the administration of the affairs of this im- portant department, Mr. Pardee has dis- played marked vigour and ability ; and to these fact' even his opponents sometimes are obliged to bear testimony. From what had been known of Mr. Pardee as a lawyer, it might be expected that he would make his mark in parliament. This he has done, but he has not accomplished it in the way adopted by lesser men. Some of our politicians be- lieve that the road to public distinction consists in talk ; and that the greatest and most glorious thing that a legislator can do is to make a speech. But this does not seem to be Mr. Pardee's view. He seldom " airs " himself upon the floor of the house, but when he does arise he has something to say. His characteristics as a debater are lucidity, vigour and point ; and there is always present manifest evidence of his tact. He is a man of marked parliamentary influence, and he is able to command "the ear " of the opposite side of the house as well as his own. It goes without saying, that, in general politics he is a Liberal. He married Emma K., daughter of J. K. For- syth, of Sombra, Lambton county, Ontario, and has by this lady six children. Ilimsworlli, William Alfred, late Clerk of the Queen's Privy Council of Can- ada, was born at Montreal, on the 28th of August, 1820. He is the eldest son of Wil- liam Himsworth, merchant and ship owner, from Bsrwick-on-Tweed, and Christina Ag- nes, daughter of the late Major Lynch, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, who was descended from U. E. loyalist stock. Mr. Himsworth served as clerk in the Commissariat from 1838 to 1842. He was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1841 ; appointed clerk in the Executive Council office in 1843, and assistant clerk of the Council in 1851. He was sworn in as clerk of the Privy Council on the 1st July, 1872; acted as secretary to the Confederate council commercial treaties, which sat in Quebec in 1864 ; was deputy governor for signing letters patent for Dominion lands ; com- missioner Dedimus Potestatem; commis- sioner in Queen's Bench for Ontario and Quebec, and a J.P. for the County of Carl- ton. Mr. Himsworth married, in 1844, Louisa Morrison, by whom he had two sons and two daughters. The eldest of the family, William, is secretary of the Inland Revenue department at Ottawa. Mr. Hims- worth died in January, 1880. 714 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Muir, William Ker, Detroit, Gene- ral Manager of the Canada Southern Rail- way, was born at Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 20th March, 1829 ; and is descended on his mother's side from the Howies, Covenanters, of Lochgoyne. When a youth, attending school, he displayed a taste for railroad and mechanical engineer- ing, and had also a leaning for surgery. The latter part of each school-day was spent in an engineering establishment, and there his genius for that profession was quickened and developed. There he acquired that knowledge of mechanical work which proved of such value to him in the great under- takings which the future had in store for him. Upon severing his connection with this establishment, he obtained a position in the parcel and ticket office of the Glas- gow and South Western Railway, serving through all the grades of railroad employ- ment, in the parcel, ticket, passenger and freight offices. Early and late he worked on and off the trains, acquiring a knowledge of every form of railroad work. We learn that in the course of a few years he was pro- moted to an important position in the engi- neer and office. Here he served creditably for several years, when he accept- ed a responsible position in the service of an English railway company. When con- nected with this company, 0. J. Brydges, then managing director of the Great West- ern Railway of Canada, offered him a posi- tion on the latter railroad, which he ac- cepted, and at once left for Canada. In October, 1852, he assumed the duties of his new position before the first section of the railway between Niagara Falls and Hamilton was opened. Mr. Muir assisted in opening the line for traffic, remaining in the service of the company until about 1857. He was then sent to Detroit to assume the management of the Detroit and Milwaukee Railway, in the completion of which to Lake Michigan the Great Western Company had taken a large pecuniary inter- est. Under the management of Mr. Muir this railroad was completed in its entire length ; was thoroughly equipped with rolling stock ; secured two magnificent steamships to ply on Lake Michigan between the western terminus of the road, Grand Haven and Milwaukee. For passenger and freight accommodation the condition of the road was made the very best. In December, 1865 Mr. Muir resigned his position to ac- cept the office of assistant general superin- tendent of the Michigan Central Railroad, under R. N. Nice, then general superinten- dent. So ably did he perform the duties of that office that, after a few years, the Great Western Railway Company offered him the office of general superintendent, which he accepted. Under his control this line be- came one of the best equipped in the coun- try, and a general improvement in the management of its business soon became conspicuous. He changed it from the Ca- nadian broad 5 feet 6g in. gauge to the American narrow gauge of 4 feet 8| inches ; added new narrow-gauge rolling stock, and equipped it thoroughly as a connecting link between the western and eastern railway systems. This task completed, he again as- sumed the superintendence of the Detroit and Milwaukee road, but immediately after- wards retired to accept the management of the new railroad through Canada, with its branches on the American side, known as the Canada Southern Railway lines. He has since been general manager of this road, and under his wisdom, the length and extent of his experience, and his splendid business capacity, this thoroughfare has become one of the very best on the continent. It is a fact that the passenger trains over this line make faster time than is accomplished upon any other road on the American con- tinent. Keefer, Samuel, Civil Engineer, Brookville, Ont., was born at Thorold, in the Niagara District, about eight miles from the Niagara Falls, on the 22nd January, 1811. He is the fourth son of George Keefer, of Thorold, and Catherine Lamp- man, who were married on the 5th of Feb- ruary, 1797, and who had five sons and four daughters. In the year 1859, at the request of the Rev. (afterwards the Right Rev.) T. B. Fuller, his son furnished him with the following particulars in relation to the Keefer family, which he had derived from his father before his death. His grand- father, Samuel Keefer, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, lived in Alsace, near the City of Strasburg, then a province of France, but now apart of the German empire. After his death, his widow married Frederick Saverine, and came to America with her son, George Keefer, when he was only ten years old. This George Keefer in 1768, married Mary Maria Conke, of Phila- delphia, by whom he had two sons, George and Jacob, and one daughter, Mary. George the eldest son, was born at a place called Pepper Cotton, in the County of Essex, in the then province, now State of New Jersey, on the 8th November, 1783. On the break- ing out of the great rebellion (or revolution CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 715 of 1776, as the historians prefer to call it), his father, George Keefer, the elder, espous- ed the royal cause, and served in the King's army under Sir William Howe, until he died of a fever contracted during the war. At the close of the war, all his property, compris- ing two farms, a distillery, and one female slave, was confiscated by the new govern- ment, and his two sons, George and Jacob, with their widowed mother, were com- pelled to seek another home under British rule in Canada. They made their way on foot from New Jersey, through a thinly in- habited country, and in some parts through a trackless wilderness, guided only by an Indian trail of blazed trees, and crossing the Niagara river, proceeded to the township of Thorold, then an almost unbroken forest. Here, in 1798, the Provincial government granted him 400 acres of land, which now includes the beautiful site of the town of Thorold, through which the Welland canal takes its course. During the American war of 1812 he served in the defence of the country in the 2nd Regiment of Lincoln, with the rank of captain, and was present at the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane. Much of his time was taken up during the war on outpost duty , watching the move- ments of the enemy on the frontier. It was while so employed that his wife contracted a fever, of which she died in July, 1813, in the thirtyfifth year of her age. While the war continued, his farm and other affairs were sadly neglected, but as peace returned so did order and prosperity. He was engaged in farming, milling, and merchandise, and took a leading part in all works for the im- provement of the country. Actuated by this spirit he took part with the Honorable Wil- liam Hamilton Merritt in the construction of the Welland canal, and was the first president of the Welland Canal Company, before that great work was assumed by the government. In 1815 he married Jane Em- ery nee McBride, of Niagara, by whom he had five sons and one daughter. He died at Thorold, on the 26th June, 1858, in the 85th year of his age. His first wife was the daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Lampman, of Grantham, who, like the Keefer's, were U. E. loyalists, and took up their residence at Grantham, at the close of the revolution- ary war. The Lampmans came originally from Hanover, in Germany. In religion, they and the Keefer's were Lutheran, de- scended from the Hugenots ; but in coming to Canada they naturally became staunch members of the Church of England. The German name of Kieffer, meaning cooper in English, has been retained by the branch of the family in the United States (c.g. Speak- er Kieffer. U. S. senate), but in Canada it has been anglicised and spelled as pronounc- ed "Keefer." Not inheriting a taste for military pursuits, Samuel Keefer never held any rank in the militia service, but when the Trent affair threatened war with the United States, he underwent, in Quebec, a course of drill as full private in the Civil Service regiment, then first established. He was elected member of the institution of Civil Engineers, London, England, on the 11th March, 1860 ; has been a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, from 6th January, 1869 ; a member of the Canadian Institute, Toronto, from its first establishment, and has been a Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute, London, since 1875. Mr. Keefer was appointed sec- retary of the Board of Canal Commissioners for the improvement of the navigation of the River St. Lawrence, in 1883; and on the commencement of the construction of the Cornwall canal in 1834,under John B. Mills, he was made his assistant, and continued afterwards an assistant engineer on that canal, under his successor, Lieutenant- Colonel Phillpots, up to 1839. In 1839 he was appointed secretary to the Board of Works, then established for Lower Canada under on ordinance of the Special Council of the province and upon the union of the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, in 1841, and the establishment of a board of works for the two provinces, he was ap- pointed engineer to that board on the 17th August, 1841. He filled the position of chief engineer to the department of Public Works for thirteen years, from 1841 to- 1853, but for three years of this time, 1846-7-8, he was placed locally in charge of the Welland canal, to complete the en- largement begun under Samuel Power, C. E., who had resigned. In 1852 he made a survey for the Sault St. Marie canal, on the Canadian shore, for the Canadian gov- ernment, but the work was never undertak- en. The works constructed under the de- partment during the first decade of the union, were of the most varied character, consisting of canals, roads, bridges, slides, harbours and lighthouses. He personally surveyed and established the line of the Beauharnois canal, the first enlargement of the Lachine canal, and the locks and dams at St. Anne's and St. Our's, and directed their construction. Amongst his works spe- cial mention may be made of the solid tim- ber lock gates which he introduced for the 716 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF first time on the St. Lawrence canals in 1850, in place of the more costly framed gates previously in use. The adoption of these gates, constructed after his plans, has proved a signal benefit in promoting the safely and economy of navigation. The beautiful suspension bridge over the Chau- diere at Ottawa, the first of the kind in Canada, was amongst the earliest of his engineering triumphs, having been complet- ed as early as 1844. In 1853 he resigned his position under the government, to take the more lucrative situation of resident engineer on a division of the Grand Trunk Railway, under A. M. Ross, the chief engi- neer. In that capacity he finally established the line between Montreal and Kingston, which he had previously surveyed for the government, and remained in the service of the company to personally superintend its construction. At the same time, by a minute hydrographic survey of the River St. Law- rence, in front of Montreal city, he fixed the line of the Victoria bridge where it now stands. He also projected the high level bridges over the Ottawa at St. Anne's, and over the Rideau canal at Kingston Mills. At the first opening of this section for traf- fic, he for a short time, superintended this •division, until he returned once more to the government service. During this time he was also supervising engineer of the Brock - ville and Ottawa Railway, acting on behalf of the company and the municipalities, and in that capacity directed the location of the line, and determined the character of the works. Mr. Keefer was appointed govern- ment inspector of railways under the Acci- dents on Railways Act of 1857, and held that position for seven years. After having made a personal inspection of every line of railway then existing in Canada, and put in force the provisions of that act for the greater safety of travel, the duties of deputy commissioner of Public Works were added to those of Inspector of Railways, and he continued to fill both offices until 1864, when he retired from the public service to his private residence in Brookville. As dep- uty commissioner of Public Works, he was charged as his first duty, in the absence of the chief commissioner, with the selection of the plans for the public buildings at Ottawa, which had been previously adver- tised for. His report upon these plans was approved by His Excellency in Council in 1859, and the works were forthwith begun under his direction. It was by his arrange- ment that the three handsome blocks of buildings were disposed as they now stand on three sides of the square on Parliament Hill. Since his retirement from official life, Mr. Keefer has been engaged in the private practice of his profession, taking an interest in local manufactures and joint stock companies, and occasionally serving the government on commissions. In 1869, he completed for the Bridge Company that magnificent triumph of engineering skill, the suspension bridge, at Niagara Falls, of 1268 feet span, at that time the longest single span bridge in the world, and only now ex- celled by the great Brooklyn bridge. For his plan and account of this gigantic and mas- terly work sent to the Paris Exposition of 1878, he received the diploma and gold medal of that exhibition, awarded to him by a jury of engineers. A detailed account of this work was published in Engineering in 1859. In November, 1870, Mr. Keefer was appointed secretary to the Canal Com- mission, of which Sir Hugh Allan was chair- man. Their report, prepared under Mr. Keefer's directions, was laid before parlia- ment in February, 1871. In 1872 he made a survey of the Baie Verte canal for the government, and his reports and plans ap- proved by his colleague, Colonel Gzowski, were submitted to the minister of Public Works, on the 18th February, 1873. On the 16th June, 1880, he was appointed one of the members of the Royal Commission, along with Judge Clarke and E. Miall, to enquire into "the conduct and prosecu- tion of the Canadian Pacific Railway from its inception to the present time." Their re- port, dated 8th April, 1882, was laid before parliament, together with two bulky vol- umes of evidence taken in the course of the enquiry, and has prevented further parlia- mentary enquiry on the subject. The Duf- ferin bridge at Ottawa, and the widening of the old Sapper's bridge, in the same city, were completed by him in 1875. Mr. Keefer has been a staunch Conservative all through his life. He was brought up in the tenets of the Church of England, and is an active member of that body still ; and is a delegate both to the Diocesan and pro- vincial synods, and has been on the Mis- sion Board for the diocese of Ontario for many years. Mr. Keefer has been twice married ; first, to Anne E, second daughter of the Honorable George Crawford, senator, and sister to His Honour John Crawford, late lientenant-governor of Ontario. She diedin January, 1876, leaving no children. He married a second time in December, 1883, Rosalie E., eldest daughter of Cap- tain C. A. B. Pocock, R N., then living at CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. Brockville. It will be seen from this brief record that Mr. Keefer has devoted the best years of an active life, and the whole of his great genius and engineering skill to the service of his native country ; and in such monuments of his ability,he has left traces in old Canada as must long keep his name a prominent one in the history of our country. During the period of his official life and official connection with the government he has resided at Kingston, Montreal, St. Catharines, Quebec, Toronto and Ottawa, and in all these places he is widely known, and has won what even kings have failed to win, "love, honour and troops of friends." He is kindly in heart, manly, and frank in all his dealings. Dickey, lion. Robert Barry, Sen- ator, Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born there on the 10th November, 1811. He is a son of R. McGowan Dickey, who was a repre- sentative for Cumberland county for fifteen years, until his voluntary retirement in 1851. His mother was Eleanor, daughter of Major Thomas Chapman. Both his pa- rents are dead. His father's parents came from County Antrim, in the north of Ire- land ; his mother's from Yorkshire, Eng- land. Both families are still largely repre- sented in these counties ; and the descend- ants of those who emigrated to Cumberland county in the middle of the eighteenth cen- tury, abound in it now, as well as in Colches- ter, Hants, and Kings, Nova Scotia. Among the family was William Dickey, father of R. McGowan Dickey, who solved the prob- lem of reclaiming vast tracts of marsh in Kings county, by building the celebrated " Wellington aboiteau." R. B. Dickey was educated at the Truro and Windsor acad- emies, in the usual formula of sixty years viz., English, grammar, arithmetic, Latin, and Greek, there being no professors of modern languages in those days. King's College, Windsor, of which the academy was an offshoot, has more recently sent forth many men whose careers have done honour to their alma mater. Young Dickey was brought up at home in early life to do farm work, in a scattered country district, which had only one place of public worship, where now there are thirteen. His father's circum- stances precluded the son from remaining longer than three and a half years at school, and at the early age of fifteen Robert was articled to the late Judge Stewart, of the Vice-Admiralty Court, then a successful practitioner at Amherst, with whom he serv- ed six years before attaining legal age for admission as an attorney. During this long 717 period he walked daily six miles to and from the office, except on stormy days, when he was privileged to ride on horseback. He was called to the bar in January, 1834, and succeeded to the lucrative practice in the office where he had studied, and carried on the same until he had attained a competency, ten years ago, when he retired from active practice, his predecessor's success having followed him. While engaged in practice he took part in all the leading cases ; and was made a Q.C. in 1863. Ever since his admission to the bar he has lived in the town of Amherst, three miles from his birth-place, resisting pressing inducements to remove. Mr. Dickey holds the rank of lieutenant of militia, to which he was ap- pointed in 1835. He has been registrar, surrogate, and judge of probate for twenty- one years ; was U. S. consular agent at Amherst for twenty years ; served many years as director of the N. S. U. Telegraph Company ; was twice selected as delegate to New York to negotiate leases of lines to the American and Western Union companies ; and was subsequently sent to effect a sale of the company's property to the Western Union, which was accomplished at a pre- mium, and proved a boon to the sharehold- ers and the public. In 1858 and 1865 he visited the Colonial officers a delegate of the Nova Scotian government, at his own expense, on the subject of the Intercolonial Railway. In 1864 he attended, as a delegate from Nova Scotia, the Charlottetown and Quebec Union conferences, and was the only one of thirty-three delegates who declined, while in favour of union, to subscribe to the Quebec resolutions, on the ground that the financial terms were not fair to the Maritime provinces. These being largely modified in London, where he was not asked to attend, he supported the union resolutions in the Nova Scotia Legislative Council. He was called to that body in January, 1858, and continued a member till confederation, when he was appointed to the Senate by Royal proclamation. While in the Legislative Council, he defeated the Synod Bill, intro- duced by the Bishop of Nova Scotia, and carried the Substitute Act, under which this church has been working for years ; secured the present Joint Stock Companies Act ; and was largely instrumental in effecting ar- rangements for the transfer of Nova Scotia coal areas to the government a quarter of a century ago. Senator Dickey is a sharehold- er in the Amherst Boot and Shoe Factory, still in successful operation ; was associated with others in the Spring Hill Mining Com- 718 A CYCLOPAEDIA Oi pany, the largest and most productive coal mine in Nova Scotia, from 1865 to 1883, when it was sold to the Cumberland Coal and Railway Company, of Montreal. He has travelled extensively in England, Scot- land, Ireland, France, Belgium, and Swit- zerland, in the various provinces of the Do- minion, and in eleven states of the American union. Altogether, he has crossed the At- lantic thirty times. In religion he has been a Presbyterian from youth up. In politics he is a Conservative, but advocates economy and retrenchment in the administration of public affairs, especially in the number and salaries of office-holders. In legislation he judges every question upon its merits, with- out reference to party. He married, on the 10th October, 1844, Mary Blair, third daughter of Hon. Alexander Stewart, C.B., of Scottish descent. There are issue of this marriage three sons and two daughters, all of whom are married except the youngest son. The senator is of fair complexion, de- rived from his father's side, tall and erect from his mother's Yorkshire ancestry ; and he is devoted to travel, music, and the fine O'Reilly, Gerald, Fergus, M.D.,C.M., M.C.P.S.O., was born at Hamilton, Ontario, on 7th of February, 1858. He is a son of Gerald O'Reilly, by his wife, Henrietta Waters. His father, Gerald O'Reilly, grad- uated in medicine at Trinity College, Dub- lin, in 1828, and became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, in the same year. He practiced medicine in Ham- ilton from 1835 to the time of his death in 1861, and was the leading medical prac- titioner in Hamilton during his day. His life, it may be added, was shortened by over work. Dr. John O'Reilly, an uncle of the subject of this sketch, was one of the best known physicians in New York city, where, from his practice, he accumu- lated a large fortune. He was a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, and an honorary member of several European medical societies. Dr. O'Reilly, of Fergus, has three brothers, Dr. Charles O'Reilly, medical superintendent of the Toronto General Hospital ; Dr. E. B. O'Reilly, sur- geon on one of the Allan steamships, and H.H. O'Reilly, manager of the Bank of Ham- ilton at Listowel. It is interesting to note that a great uncle of our subject, Dr. Hugh O'Reilly, was confidential surgeon of George IV., and has a tablet erected to his memory by that sovereign, in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Gerald O'Reilly was instructed till his tenth year by a family governess ; he then entered the Grammar School at Sim- coe, Ontario, and afterwards attended the Hamilton Collegiate Institute. At the age of fifteen he matriculated in medicine; in 1873 entered Trinity Medical School, Toronto, and graduated from that institution in 1879, taking the degree of M.D., C.M. He also became a member of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario in the same year. Dr. O'Reilly is an office-bearer of St. James' Episcopal Church at Fergus. He is vice-president of the Fergus Club ; was president of the Fergus Turf Club in 1884 ; and has held the position of president and vice-president in several other sporting and athletic associations. He has always taken an active interest in sporting matters, and has given encouragement to healthful out-door exercises and recreations. He became a member of Mercer lodge, No. 347, A. F. & A. M., Fergus, in 1885; and is a member of the Conservative Association for Centre Welington. It is hardly necessary to add that be has always been a staunch supporter of Sir John A. Macdonald, and of his mea- sures of public policy. Dr. O'Reilly has travelled extensively through the United States and Europe, and "walked" the hospitals in London, England. He entered into partnership in January, 1881, with Dr. George T. Orton, M, P., Fergus, and re- mained associated with that gentleman for one year, when he bought the practice. He has now one of the largest practices in the County of Wellington, and his professional popularity is every day on the increase. Dr. O'Reilly was senior resident assistant house surgeon to the Toronto Hospital dur- ing 1879 and 1880 ; and he had also pre- viously acted as medical assistant in the Hamilton and Guelph Hospitals. Dr. O'- Reilly is unmarried, Macbeth, John, Lieutenant-Colonel, London, Ont., was born in 1836, in the Red River Settlement, North-West territory. He is a son of George and Catherine (Suth- erland) Macbeth, both of whom were na- tives of Kildonan, Sutherlandshire, Scot- land, and who were among the early pioneers of the Selkirk settlement. John Macbeth studied for the legal profession in the office of the late H. C. R. Becher, Q.C., London, and was called to the bar in 1859. He joined the first volunteers in 1854, and maintained his connection with the same, save for a slight interval, until 1878,when he resigned, retaining his rank. He was appointed dep- uty-clerk of the Crown and registrar of the Surrogate Court for Middlesex in 1860, which office he still holds. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 719 Milner, Thomas, Brampton, Ontario, was born in 1840, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, England. He is a son of William Milner and Elizabeth Storey, also of Yorkshire. Mrs. Milner died in 1846. William Milner came to Canada about the year 1855, and settled in the township of Puslinch, County of Wellington, where he engaged in farming, in which occupation he continued up to within a few years of his death, which oc- curred in 1881. By the first marriage there were three sons, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. Thomas Milner received a national education in England, and at the age of eleven left school, and engaged in farming. He remained so occupied until the date of his emigration with his father to Canada in 1855. After arriving in Canada he engaged in farming for about four years. In 1860 he entered the employ of K. Chis- holm & Co. as clerk in Brampton, and remained with them for thirteen years, during which time he advanced from the lowest rung of the ladder up, and when he left he occupied the highest position in the grocery department. In 1873 he commenced business for himself in Brampton as a gen- eral grocer, and in the following year en- tered extensively into the produce trade. He has ever since continued in this busi- ness, and from year to year the same has been increasing and growing more popular and profitable. In 1881 he extended his trade to outside places, beginning to buy grain, at Georgetown and Malton, and at each place establishing large warehouses. He also purchased extensively from other dealers in wheat, barley and peas, for ex- port, disposing of such produce in the markets of the United States and England. In 1862, Mr. Milner joined the 36th Peel battalion, and was corporal of the same. In 1874 he was elected to the town council of Brampton, and continued to sit for some six years, when in 1880 he was elected reeve of the town, which position he held for the years 1881 and 1882, and is now mayor, having been elected last January. Mr. Mil- ner is a Freemason, Ionic lodge, No. 229, and is pastmaster of the same ; he is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen ; and has also been an Oddfellow. In politics, he is a Liberal ; is president of the Reform Association of Peel ; and has held that office for four years. He has been always an active worker in the cause of re- form, taking a leading part in all elections. His travels have been considerable, and include Canada, the United States, and Europe. He travelled extensively in Eng- land, Scotland and France, visiting all points of interest, for the two-fold objects of plea- sure and information. Mr. Milner is a Methodist, and a prominent member of the Queen Street Methodist Church of Bramp- ton ; is a class leader and a local preacher; and a member of the building committee of the new church now being erected at a cost of some $35,000. He has been superinten- dent of the Sunday-school for some ten years, and is secretary of the quarterly board. He married first in 1863, Sarah Ann, second daughter of the late Joseph Hodgson and Mary Hodgson, who is still living in Brampton. He had by this mar- riage one son. Mrs. Milner died in 1867, and he again married in 1869, Jane Hodg- son, fifth daughter of Joseph and Mary Hodgson, and sister of his deceased wife. By this lady he has had three sons and three daughters. The two eldest are dead. The son by the first marriage, William Edward Milner, is manager of his father's business in Georgetown ; and the Malton business is managed by his youngest brother, W. H. Milner. Mr. Milner attends closely to his business, and by such attention, and by his fine natural abilities has acquired a hand- some competency. Unaided by any outside help, he has, by his own indomitable will and determination to succeed, seen himself rise, step by step, to the " top of the tree" in the mercantile trade. Few men in the history of our times have had so much to contend with as Mr. Milner in achieving this eminence. His early education in Eng- and was received under serious disadvan- tages, he having only sucn time to gain knowledge as his circumstances would al- low. What he afterwards obtained in Can- ada was thoroughly practical. However, as we have said, he surmounted everything, and although still a man young in years, he is invariably consulted in enterprises, finan- cial and otherwise, for his experience is wide and ripe, his judgment sound, and his pene- etration quick and accurate. Altogether, the career of Mr. Milner has been a credit and a decided gain to the community with whom he has been brought into contact. Sippi, George Buckley, London, was born at Rajkoot, Bombay, East Indies, on March 10th, 1847. [For his family lineage see memoir of Charles Augustus Sippi, else- where in these pages.] G. B. Sippi was educated at the endowed school, Youghal, County Corn, Ireland ; at Queen's College, Cork,(one of the affiliated colleges of the Roy- al University of Ireland), and studied music under John A. Sippi, organist of Lismore 720 A CYCLOPEDIA OF cathedral, and under Dr. Marks, of Man- chester, England. After pursuing a course of musical studies for several years, he be- gan the study of anatomy and medicine at the Queen's College, Cork, where he re- mained four years. At an early age, he had learned to play the violin, organ and piano ; with the former instrument he excelled, and, while yet a boy, he played some of the most difficult solos at leading concerts in Ireland. He likewise played first violin in orchestra at two of the Triennial Handel Festivals held in the Crystal Palace at London. G. B. Sippi came to Canada in 1870, as teacher of music at Hellmuth College,-the Right Rev. Dr. Sweatman, the present bishop of Toronto, being then head master-and as organist of the Protestant Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, London. This position he held until 1876. Six months of that period he spent at Montreal, on the invitation of Rev. Canon Dumoulin, as organist and choirmaster of St. Martin's Church ; but not caring to reside permanently in that city, he was requested by Bishop Hellmuth to return to Hellmuth College. On the invitation of Dean Boomer, he again took the position of organist of Holy Trinity. In 1876 he was appointed organist and choir- master of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, which position he now holds. Mr. Sippi left India in 1854, and went to Ireland with his father, living in Ireland and England until 1870. He is a member of Kilwinning lodge, No. 64, G.R.C. ; and a member of the executive committee of the Ontario Music Teachers' Association. He is un- married. Macdonell, Samuel Smith, Q.C., Windsor, Ontario, was born 21st February, 1823, at Toronto. He is the youngest son of the Hon. Alexander Macdonell, by his wife Ann Smith. His father when a youth served as lieutenant in the Royal Highland Emigrant Regiment in the Revolutionary war of the United States, and took part in several important battles. Captain Allan Macdonell, who served in the same regiment as his son Alexander, after the independence of the United States was recognized, settled at Quebec with his family. After his death, Alexander came to Upper Canada, on its organization as a province, with General Simcoe, and was appointed by him first sheriff of the Home District. On the first parliament being summoned for Upper Can- ada, he was made speaker of the House of Assembly. In the war of 1812 he served as paymaster-general of militia; and after- wards was made a member of the Legislative Council. His mother, Ann Smith, came to Upper Canada from her home in Long Is- land, New York, with her brother, Colonel Samuel Smith, who was colonel of the Queen's Rangers, a regiment which had also served through the Revolutionary war, and most of the officers and soldiers of which re-, giment came to Upper Canada and took up land as U. E. loyalists. Col. Smith had a large tract granted him in Etobicoke town- ship, near Toronto, on which he resided until his death. During the absence of Sir Peregrine Maitland in England for several years, Col. Smith was administrator of the government. Mr. Macdonell, at a very early age, was sent to Upper Canada Col- lege, where he remained for eight years, going through the whole course of that institution from the preparatory school. On the opening of the University of To- ronto, ' then called King's College, he re- sumed his classical studies, taking his de- gree of B.A. second in first-class University- honours at the end of 1845. In the inter- val between leaving Upper Canada College and entering the University, he had studied law in the office of the Hon. Henry Sher- wood, then attorney-general ; and, after taking his degree of B.A., entered the Law School of the University, coming out first of the class on taking the degree of B C.L. He was called as a barrister in 1847. He received a commission in the militia, under the old system, as ensign in the 2nd North York, in 1842; as captain in the 5th battalion, Toronto, in 1847 ; was transferred to the 2nd Essex, as major, in 1851 ; and appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Essex in 1862. At the time of the last mentioned appointment there existed an apprehension that the Trent affair would be the cause of war between Great Britain and the United States; and on the appoint- ment being made, an order was sent him from the militia department to call out seventy-five men for active service, with the privilege of serving as captain. Mr. Mac- donell had the men enrolled, inspected and accepted in three days, himself volunteering to serve as captain. A short time after com- pleting his University course,and being call- ed to the bar, he commenced the practice of law at Amherstburg. At the end of a year he was appointed clerk and solicitor of the western district council, and removed to Sandwich. Afterwards he was appointed successively clerk and solicitor of the united counties of Essex, Kent and Lambton, and of Essex and Lambton, relinquishing the office when Lambton separated from Essex. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 721 As secretary of the Board of Instruction of Essex and Lambton, he performed the duty of examining candidates as to their qualifi- cations to be teachers. He removed to Windsor in 3853, and when Windsor be- came incorporated as a village, next year he was elected reeve. He was again elected reeve in 1855 and 1856 ; and during those years, was elected warden of Essex. When Windsor was created a town in 1857, he was elected mayor ; and likewise during the four succeeding years. He was appointed master and deputy-registrar in Chancery in 1857 ; county crown attorney in 1858, succeeding to the office of clerk of the Peace in 1871. He was appointed deputy-registrar of the Maritime Court in 1879. All these offices he still retains. In 1881 he was made a Q.C. Whilst warden he induced the county council to build a new court house and gaol, the then existing one being unsuitable, and on leaving the warden ship the county coun- cil presented him a testimonial as a recogni- tion of his useful measures and active ser- vices. Whilst mayor of Windsor he was chiefly instrumental in having a town hall and school houses built, improving the streets, and acquiring for the town a valu- able square, formerly used for barracks. Having with a few associates purchased two farms in the central portion of Windsor, he had them laid out into lots and offered for sale. There being no travelable road con- necting Windsor with the Talbot road, the main road through the county, he construct- ed a gravel road of over six miles to form the desired connection, by which means most of the trade with farmers was diverted from Sandwich to Windsor. Although through a number of years municipal duties and land matters occupied much of his at- tention, Mr. Macdonell has had important and varied experience in the practice of the law. On his first arrival in Essex he was made secretary of the Conservative Associa- tion of the county, and until his acceptance of a public office in 1858, acted in that capa- city, and took an active part in politics, but for many years has not been engaged in political strife. Besides visiting all the important places in Canada and the United States, Mr. Macdonell has travelled in Great Britain, Europe and the West Indies. Brought up in the doctrines and observances of the Roman catholic Church, whilst re- taining a kindly feeling and great consider- ation towards the adherents of that ancient faith, Mr. Macdonell owns to having him- self outgrown ecclesiastical creeds, dogmas and ceremonies; which he regards as re- tarding, no longer fitting, useless and fast becoming moribund. He holds that the time has come for higher and better teach- ings to be given to the people than those used in barbarous ages-teachings derived from a more perfect knowledge of nature's laws, and their operation upon human life, and in harmony with scientific truths already discovered and that may yet be discovered; as well as teachings of truer rules and prin- ciples of human conduct, evolved from the higher mentality of the present age, and ad- dressed to a higher intelligence ready to re- ceive them ; and that thus the physical and natural,as well as the mental and moral con- dition of the masses of mankind will be rais- ed from their present degradation and up- lifted to a higher level. In 1856 he married Ellen Gillis Brodhead, daughter of Col. D. D. Brodhead, of Boston, Massachusetts, a descendant of one of Washington's generals. She died in 1878, leaving one son and three daughters. Through his marriage, Mr. Macdonell has formed a somewhat extended acquaintance in the Eastern States. As a lawyer, the standing of Mr. Macdonell is very high. His knowledge of the law is wide, his perceptions are keen, and his judg- ment sound. His presentation of a case is characterized by straightforwardness, by lucidity, and by force ; at times, when the weight of the matter fires his imagination, he rises to passionate eloquence, his appear- ance is commanding, and full of dignity. "He has," says an authority before us, " honoured all the relations of life by the strictest fidelity." Lefevre, John M.,M.D.C.M., Brook- ville, was born at Belleville, Ontario, in 1853. His grandfather was one of the Lefevre's of Three Rivers, who came from France and settled there towards the end of the last century. The father of J. M. Lefevre went to Belleville and engaged in the lumber business, and died, the year after his marriage, of cholera, during the dreadful epidemic of 1854. Dr. Lefevre received his primary education at the public and high schools of Stirling, Ontario, and subsequent- ly attended the Normal school at Toronto. Having made up his mind, at an early age to devote himself to the study of medicine, he determined to give a few years to teaching, and at the same time prepare for a college course. After filling the position of master in the Trenton and Brock ville separate schools, he found himself in a position to attain his object; and in 1876, at the age of twenty-three, entered McGill University. After a three years' course at that institu- 722 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF tion, he graduated, taking the first Suther- land gold medal. He entered into partner- ship with Dr. Morden of Brookville, an old established physician, who died the follow- ing August. In 1882 he accepted the posi- tion of surgeon to the Algoma branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, under con- struction by H. Abbott, and spent a year and a half on the line. He returned to Brookville in 1884, and resumed the prac- tice of his profession. Dr. Lefevre is assis- tant surgeon of the 42nd battalion. He is a Roman catholic, and a Liberal-Conser- vative in politics. He was elected, in 1886, a member of the town council of Brockville, and judging from his energy and his ability, it is safe to predict for him a creditable political career. Dr. Lefevre married on the 28th of June, 1883, Lily ALce, eldest daughter of R. P. Cooke, C.E., Cedarcliffs, Brockville. Wilmot, Henry, Kingston, M.P.P. for Frontenac, was born in the township of Pittsburg, County of Frontenac, Ontario, on September 22nd, 1826. He is a son of John Wilmot, by his wife Sarah Milton Wilmot. The former came to Canada about 1812, and settled near Kingston in 1821, after having served a long term of years in the Royal navy, and he was engaged in the battles of Anholt and Copenhagen, under Admiral Nelson. Mrs. Wilmot was a descendant of that illustrious line to which Milton the poet belongs. Mr. Wilmot was on board the man- of-war which towed the Chesapeake and Shannon, after their famous battle, into Halifax. Henry Wilmot received his edu- cation in a common school in his native township, where the rudiments of an Eng- lish education were taught. On the com- pletion of his education, young Wilmot was inclined to adopt carpentering, but after a few years he engaged in the milling and lumbering business, in which occupation he continued with success for a number of years. At the format on of the Kingston Field Bat- tery, he entered the ranks as a private ; after a short time he was promoted, and served as an officer for eighteen years, when he received full command, and continued to hold that position for six years, being then allowed to retire, retaining his rank. He has also received a first-class certificate from the School of Gunnery at Kingston, and was stationed at Kingston during the excitement of 1866. For many years Captain Wilmot has been closely connected with the Agricul- tural Association of Frontenac as director ; and he has also filled the office of president of the same society. He contracted for and built the greater portion of the Kingston and Gananoque road, which was the chief route along the frontier. Captain Wilmot has been a life-long member of the Conser- vative Association, and has always taken a lively interest in politics. He was elected for several years to aid in directing the municipal affairs of the County of Frontenac and the township of Pittsburgh. He was chosen a delegate of the Conservative Asso- ciation, and elected a member of the Ontario Legislature in 1883. He has found time enough during his active life to visit all the places of interest in Ontario and Quebec, and he has also visited New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Connecticut. From his ear- liest recollections, Captain Wilmot has been an adherent of the Episcopal Church of the "low" type, and has been churchwarden of the same for some years. He married Anne Graham, daughter of a west Highland family, then residing in Pittsburg, in J 850, and has had six sons and one daughter, all of whom are living. After the completion of the Kingston and Gananoque road, he set- tled down to agriculture on a small farm on the banks of the St. Lawrence, five miles from Kingston. Commencing with a small capital, he has each year added to his farm, and has been blessed with continued pros- perity. He has now upwards of 600 acres, 500 of which is farmed en bloc. The eldest son of our subject Peter G., is commander of the Kingston Field Battery, and the se- cond son, John Alexander, is a lieutenant in the same corps. Mr. Wilmot has been for thirty years, and is still a director of the Midland County Fair, and he has always taken a deep interest in agricultural mat- ters. He is a very useful member of the legislature, and enjoys the respect of that body. Like his ancestors, he always has been a Conservative. McLelan, Honorable Archibald Woodbury, Minister of Finance, and M. P. for Colchester, N.S., was born at Londonderry, Nova Scotia, on the 24th of December, 1824. Mr. McLelan is descend- ed from a family which came from London- derry, Ireland, in the last century, and settled in Nova Scotia. Our subject receiv- ed a careful early training ; and was subse- quently sent to the Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy. Leaving school, having acquired a sound education, he had little difficulty in making up his mind with respect to the pursuit that he ought to adopt. With his personal advantages, and taking other cir- cumstances into consideration, mercantile undertakings were the most feasible, and to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 723 him held out large promise. Therefore, into mercantile transactions he entered ; and as this was a period when the carrying trade was entirely in the hands of vessel-owners, and the vessels were all wooden bottoms, Mr. McLelan engaged in the profitable trade of ship-building. The profits of building ships suggested the still greater advantage ■of owning ships, and in the capacity of builder and owner Mr. McLean did a very thriving business. He always took a very deep interest in political questions, and as early as 1858 was elected to the Nova Scotia Assembly for the County of Colchester. He retained his seat till 1863, and thenceforth till the union represented North Colchester. No finger has ever been pointed at the pub- lic character of Mr. McLelan. He is scru- pulous in doing the duties of his office; and he is always careful, equal-handed and sat- isfactory. When he rises to speak he com- mands attention, for his views are wide and practical, and his head stocked with valu- able information. He married in 1854, Caro- line Metzler, of Halifax. On the 20th May, 1881, he was sworn a member of the Cabi- net, and president of the Privy Council, also taking charge of the department of Marine and Fisheries during the illness of the minister ; and on the 10th July, 1882, he was officially appointed minister of Ma- rine and Fisheries. In the administration of the affairs of that important department of the executive he desplayed all those thoroughly important qualities which had been manifest in his personal commercial career. He was not impulsive, but with proper deliberation surveyed every side of a question before pronouncing upon it. But when he did give his decision it was invariably certain to be sound and enlight- ened. He remained at the head of Marine and Fisheries until 1885, when ill-health made it necessary for Sir Leonard Tilley to resign the portfolio of finance ; and as several months had shown expenditure to be greater than income, it was the general opinion in government circles that a care- ful and somewhat close-handed financier was the man needed to help to put a check on the out-goings. There was no difficulty in concluding that the Hon. A. W. McLelan was the man most competent for the office. In addition to the faith that was held in his firmness and judgment he had recently made certain speeches in the House of Com- mons which showed a thorough mastery of public financial questions ; with the opera- tion of industries, and the general relations of commerce to public finance. The expec- tations formed of the hon. minister were not too high, for he has shown himself a firm- handed, clear-headed minister of finance. As a speaker he is clear, direct and forcible, and he has a happy way of bringing in facts derived from experience or observation in illustration of any theory or assertion that he happens to bring forward ; and, as a con- sequence, when upon his feet, he invariably receives the closest attention from the house. He does not obtrude himself; but when the time arrives he is ready for it, and he then compels attention where it is not given to him with cordiality or with grace. Oliver, John Ryder, Colonel Royal Artillery, Kingston, Professor of Survey- ing and Military Topography at the Royal Mditary College of Canada, is the eldest son of the late John Dudley Oliver, J. P., of Cherrymount, (now Tigroney) in the Vale of Avoca, County Wicklow, Ireland, and his wife, Mary Susan,who was a daughter of the late Valentine Green, of Normanton Hall, Leicestershire. His father was the head of a younger branch of the Olivers of Castle Oliver, (now Cloghanodfoy), County Limer- ick, a family descended from Captain Rob- ert Oliver, a distinguished army officer in the time of Cromwell, who received large grants of land in the south-west of Ireland in reward for his services. Several of this family were at different times members of the Irish parliament, while others attained high rank in the army, navy, and church. Further family details are to be found in " Burke's Landed Gentry." Colonel Oliver was born at Ashby de la Zouch, Leicester- shire, on the 16th December, 1834 ; and completed his education at Caius College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he ob- tained a mathematical scholarship. In Sep- tember, 1855, he was gazetted to a lieuten- ancy in the Royal Artillery, having obtained a direct commission by competitive examin- ation, passing fifth out of one hundred and fifty candidates. The company to which he was posted embarked on 1st May, 1857, in a small sailing vessel, for service at the Cape of Good Hope. A few days after its arrival at Cape Town news was received of the out- break of the Indian mutiny, and it was at once re-embarked in H.M S. Penelope, reaching Calcutta in September, about the time that Delhi was captured. Shortly af- terwards, Lieutenant Oliver was ordered up country by horse dak for special service at Cawnpore, and arrived there in time to take part in the three days severe fighting, (26th to 28th November), in which General Windham, with a force of only some fifteen 724 A CYCLOPEDIA OF hundred, withstood the attacks of a trained army numbering at least fifteen thousand men, with a powerful artillery, till relieved by Sir Colin Campbell's force from Lucknow. He also took part in the battle of Cawnpore, on the 6th December, 1857. Shortly after- wards he rejoined his own battery, which had been marching up country, and served with it through the long campaigns which followed, and which only terminated by the mutiny being finally crushed out in the spring of 1859. During this fifteen months of almost daily marching, the battery took part in a great number of actions of more or less importance in the Doab, Rohilcund and Oude, including the action of the Kalee Nuddee, the final siege and capture of Luck- now, the battle of Barelly, and the capture of Rampore Kusseah, about sixty of its men losing their lives from various causes. In February, 1859, the battery came to a rest at Allahabad ; and Lieutenant Oliver short- ly afterwards obtained five months leave of absence, and proceeded to Simla, whence he made a walking tour of six hundred miles through the higher ranges of the Himalayas, crossing several passes which were at that time little known. For this journey he was subsequently elected a member of the Alpine club. In 1860 he was appointed to the Royal horse artillery, but was soon after- wards invalided to England, on account of a severe attack of fever, and served for a time at home stations, besides passing through the long course at Shoeburyness. In 1863, having exchanged to a battery of horse ar- tillery in India, he returned there, spending en route three months in South Africa, where he travelled several hundred miles through the western province. On arriving in India he was almost immediately dis- patched to the Punjaub to join a mountain train battery which was being raised (but too late) for the Umbeyla campaign. This battery was stationed at Peshawur, and was subsequently (towards the end of 1864) de- tailed to join the small force collected for the subjugation of Bhootan, and Lieutenant Oliver, having been promoted captain, ac- companied it, and served through the cam paign in command of the artillery of the left column, including the capture of the hill fort of Dalimkote, on the 6th December, 1864, in which three out of the six artillery officers with the force lost their lives. A se- vere fever contracted in this campaign neces- sitated a return to England ; and in August, 1865, he joined the Stall College at Sand- huist, (having passed the entrance examina- tion while in India),graduating second on the list in December, 1866, with a special recom- mendation for mathematical attainments. He then joined a battery at St. Helena, where he remained more than two years, part of the time in command of the Royal artillery, and part of the time specially em- ployed as acting engineer. In the summer of 1869 he was recalled to England to take up the appointment of brigade major of ar- tillery at Aidershot, which post he held till promoted major of afield battery in Febru- ary, 1874. He was subsequently detached from it for several months in 1876 for special duty with the intelligence branch of the war office. In September, 1877, he received his present appointment, and proceeded to join the Military College at Kingston. In ad- dition to the above details, he has at differ- ent times travelled in most of the countries of Europe, and was once nearly made pris- oner by the Carlists in the war of 1875. Colonel Oliver has received the Indian mutiny and Indian frontier war medals, with clasps for Lucknow and Bhootan, and has been twice mentioned in despatches. He is a member of the Alpine club, and Army and Navy club, and is on the panel of the grand jury of the county Wicklow. He is Church of England by religion, and a mem- ber of the English Church Union. He has been an occasional contributor to various magazines, and is the author of a text-book on " Practical Astronomy and Geodesy." He has been twice married. First, in 1864, toGeorgina, daughter of the late F. Harri- son, of Stanground, Hunts. She died in 1874 ; and their son, Arthur, who was born in 1871, died in 1875 ; secondly, in 1880, to Mary, daughter of the late W. G. Hinds, manager of the Bank of Upper Canada at Kingston, by whom he has a daughter, Lucy, born in 1883. Luke, Joseph, Tilsonburg, was born at St. Blazey, Cornwall, England, on the 26th May, 1814. His parents were William and Mary (Trembesh) Luke. The family were largely interested, many generations back, in tin and copper mines in Cornwall, but in 1834 William Luke concluded to re- move to Canada. In April of that year, after a long voyage of five weeks, the family landed at Quebec. Accompanying Mr. Luke were his two brothers and their families. Soon afterwards they all removed to the township of Whitby, when William Luke engaged in farming, and where he remained until his death in 1843. There were eleven children in the family, the subject of this sketch being the second eldest son. Joseph Luke received a general business education. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 725 He remained a short time with his parents at Whitby, and then removed to the city of Toronto, where he entered the employ of his brother-in-law, Richard Jewell, at that time a brewer in the said city. There he remained for about two years, when, in 1841, he removed to the town of Dundas, •entering the employ of John Patterson, brewer. He remained in Dundas until August, 1842, when he began business for himself in St. Thomas, which place at that time contained a population of only five hun- dred inhabitants. In 1845, Mr. Luke bought out the St. Thomas brewery, and began business for himself His trade extended all over the Western country, including London, where his business was ponderous, ■chiefly owing to the fact that three regiments of regulars were stationed there. The amount of ale and porter consumed by these regiments alone was enormous. He re- mained in St. Thomas until 1865, when he concluded to remove to Tilsonburg, and in the same year built a large brewery and malt house in that town, the same being now known as J. Luke & Son's brewery, and where an extensive trade is being done. At the time of the rebellion of 1837-38, he went as a volunteer in a company then commanded by Captain (afterwards judge) Campbell, of Niagara, to the front, and was stationed opposite Navy Island. It is a. well-known fact that Mr. Luke, while on sentry duty, was the first to perceive the rebels on the island. He recounts many an amusing story of those stirring times. After the ending of the rebellion he re- turned to his home suffering from severe sickness, contracted by exposure while at the front, and which lasted several years. He has never been much of an aspirant for pub- lic offices, being content to allow others to wear the honours to be won in that sphere. He attends strictly to his own business and the interests, and we doubt if he could afford time to attend to any political or duty office. In politics he is Conservative ; and in religi- on, an adherent of the Church of England, being one of the eight hundred confirmed at Austell church, Cornwall, by the late Bishop Philpotts, bishop of Exeter, Eng- land. Since coming to this country he has been church warden for several years, both in Tilsonburg and St. Thomas. He was married, on the 9th of October, 1845, to •Caroline Coombes, by Bishop Cronyn, of London, Ont. Miss Coombes, of Gawbridge Mills, Somersetshire, England, whose mother after her husband's death came to this country, with her brother, the late Dr. Corn- ish, brought her family with her, and set- tling in London, Ont,, from which place Mr Luke was married. Mr. Luke has had six children, five of whom are living, two sons and three daughters. Both sons are engaged with their father in the brewing business, and Ada is married to William B. Tindell, of the Parry Sound Lumber Co., Parry Sound. Although Mr. Luke is now in his seventy-second year, he is hale and hearty, and from all appearances has yet many years of usefulness before him. Whitney, James Pliny, Barrister-at- Law, Morrisburgh, was born in the township of Williamsburgh, in the County of Dundas, about three-quarters of a mile west of the battle-field of " Chryslers' farm," on October 2nd, 1843. His father was Richard Leet Whitney, and his mother, Clarissa Jane Fairman. Mr. Whitney, senr., who died at Morrisburgh, in 1883, at the age of seventy- eight years, was descended from Henry Whitney,-a scion of the Whitney family, who was of considerable local importance in Herefordshire, England,-who emigrated to America, about the year 1640. The only descendants of Henry Whitney now living in Canada are the subject of this sketch, his elder brother, Albert, who resides at Prescott, Ontario, and a younger brother, Edgar, who lives in Montreal, together with their children. Two other brothers, Edwin and Oscar, reside in Minnesota. Richard Leet Whitney was in early life a blacksmith, but later on became a farmer in comfortable circumstances. He resided in the township of Osnabruck, County of Stormont, on the banks of the St. Law- rence river, where the subject of this sketch became familiar with every detail in the life of a Canadian farmer, having lived and worked at home until he became eighteen years old. His father afterwards removed to the village of Aultsville, and thence to Morrisburgh, where he resided until his death. His widow is still living. James Pliny Whitney was educated at the common schools of the locality, and at the Cornwall Grammar school, then under the head mas- tership of the Rev. H. W. Davies, D.D., afterwards head master of the Toronto Nor- mal school. He entered upon the study of law in the office of Macdonald & Maclen- nan, Cornwall, Ontario, of which firm the late Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald was the senior member. He did not complete his course, and for a time gave up the study of the profession. He returned to it, how- ever, was admitted as solicitor, and called to the degree of barrister-at-law, at Osgoode 726 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Hall, Toronto, in Easter term, 1876, since which time he has practised in Morrisburgh, County of Dundas. During his practice, he has been engaged in some very important cases, both of a public and private nature, the management and result of which have reflected credit upon him. He entered the volunteer force as a private, while a boy in Cornwall, at the time of the Trent affair, and was a member of the force for a number of years, during which he was on active service at Cornwall for five months, at the time of the first Fenian raid. During this time he was advanced to the position of sergeant; and is now a major in the Reserve militia of the County of Dundas. Mr. Whit- ney has been for nine years secretary of the Liberal-Conservative Association of the County of Dundas, and has taken an active and prominent part in political movements, and Provincial and Federal elections for the past ten years. He is an earnest believer in and advocate of the political doctrines of the Liberal-Conservative party of Canada, and is of that school of political thought which from the time of the retirement from public life of Robert Baldwin, slowly but surely, became alienated from the Reform party, and finally coalesced with and became part of the Liberal-Conservative party of to-day. He is an advocate of the broadest civil and religious liberty, and a firm upholder of Bri- tish connection. Mr. Whitney has the cour- age of his convictions, and in times of poli- tical excitement and activity, is always to be found doing battle in the front rank of the Conservative party. He stands very high in the estimation of his party friends, and is looked upon by political foes as a powerful opponent, while in his professional capacity he possesses the confidence of all classes in the community. He is president of the Morrisburgh Lacrosse Club ; and a High scnool trustee. He was baptized in, and is an adherent of the Church of Eng- land. He married on the 30th of April, 1877, Alice, third surviving daughter of William Milford Park, of Cornwall, Ontario, a native of Ireland. The issue of this mar- riage is one son and two daughters. McKinnon, Hugh, Chief of Police of Belleville, was born in the township of Vaughan, York, on the 4th May, 1843. He is a son of Martin McKinnon, and Flora Lamont, daughter of Mr Lamont, of Ar- gyleshire, Scotland. Martin McKinnon was born in the Island of Mull, Argyleshire, Scotland, and came to this country in 1819, settling in the County of York. Here he engaged in the business of general merchant, at the place now known as Maple, and re- tired to the more quiet life of a farmer about 1834. He died in 1858. We may add that Mr. McKinnon figured prominent- ly in the well known " Vaughan Rectory case," now a matter of history. There was a family of eleven children, the subject of this sketch being the youngest son. Hugh McKinnon received a thorough education, concluding his studies in the City of Hamil- ton. At the age of nineteen, he entered the law office of Thomson & McKinnon, Hamilton, where he remained for three years. In 1865, however, he decided to relinquish this occupation, and in the same year received the appointment of Provincial and Dominion detective, having his head- quarters at Hamilton. Since that time his name has been pretty constantly and pro- minently before the public, he having had charge for the Crown of some very notable cases. Among these may be mentioned the celebrated Caledonian murder case; the Lucan and Biddulph outrages commit- ted by the Donnelly gang, who subsequent- ly were so ruthlessly murdered; and recently the Lazier murder, in the Coun- ty of Prince Edward. In connection with his official position, Mr. McKinnon can relate many startling and interesting sto- ries. In 1877, he received the appoint- ment of chief of the police of the City of Belleville, and resigned the position of Dominion detective. He has since resided in Belleville, holding the office mentioned, besides being high constable for the County of Hastings. Mr. McKinnon is a Free- mason, and belongs to Belleville lodge, No. 123 ; is an Oddfellow ; a member of the Caledonian Society of Hamilton, and was president of St. Andrew's Society of Belle- yille for two years. Mr. McKinnon has always taken a lively interest in athletics, and has occupied a prominent place in the arena for several years. At the Internation- al games held in Toronto in 1875, he suc- ceeded in winning the medal given to the " best general athlete." He then visited all the prominent cities in the United States, including Buffalo, Troy, Providence, Bos- ton, and New York, victory following him wherever he competed. On the third day of August, 1876, he competed at Charlotte- town, Prince Edward Island, for the heavy weight championship of North America, and was successful, he having won the cham- pionship, two handsome medals and $400. The presentation was made by His Excel- lency Lieutenant Governor Sir Robert Hod- gins. His next and crowning victory was CAJYAD7A2V BIOGRAPHY. at the International games, held in Phila- delphia on the 14th and 15th days of August following, when he succeeded in winning the International medal in the finest com- petition ever seen in the United States. He then extended his tour to Baltimore, Wash- ington, Brooklyn, Troy, New Haven, Pro- vidence, Boston, and finally to New York, in all of which places he was successful in retaining his laurels. In these competitions the most noted athletes in the world took part. Mr. McKinnon now possesses no fewer than forty-three gold and silver medals, won by himself in his most remark- able and prominent career as an athlete. In politics he is a Reformer, and in religion a Presbyterian. He married, in 1873, Jennie, daughter of John Lamont, of Chatham. Fitzsimmons, William, Brockville, Ontario, is one of the best known men in the united counties of Leeds and Grenville. He is a native of the County of Donegal, Ireland, and came to Canada, with his parents, when a child, in 1822. His father, the late Robert Fitzsimmons, adopted a mil- itary life in his early days, and served in the 9th Light Dragoons, in Spain and Portugal, during the Peninsular war, and was severely wounded in one of the engagements, which necessitated his retirement from the service after fourteen years and a half of active ser- vice. He was in receipt of a pension up to the time of his death. In 1822, he emi- grated to Canada, and settled at Perth, in the County of Lanark, where he continued to reside until 1851, when he removed to Brockville, spending the declining years of his life with his son, the subject of this sketch. He died in 1861, having reached the advanced age of ninety-five. William Fitzsimmons received his educat'on at the common school, at the Perth district Gram- mar school, and at a private school taught bythelate Judge John Wilson. When twelve years of age, he entered the employment of Malcolm McPherson, at that time a leading contractor and builder in Perth, and re- mained in his service for the period of six years. In 1841, he removed to and settled in Brockville, where he entered into the building and contracting business on his own account. He continued in this line of business up till 1882, and was very success- ful, most of the principal buildings in the town being monuments of his enterprise and skill. He identified himself early with the interests of the town, and soon after his re- moval thither, became generally recognized as one of the leading public men of Brock- ville. In 1847, he was elected a member of the board of police, which at that time took the place of the town council, and of which the Hon. W. B. Richards (now Sir W. B Richards) was then a member. Sub- sequent to that time, he filled a seat at the council board for thirteen years, during eight of which he was mayor of the town ; and he was six times elected by acclamation. He had the honour of being the first mayor of Brookville elected by popular vote. In educational matters, he has also always taken a deep interest. He was for eleven years a member of the Board of Education, and largely to his efforts the town is indebt- ed for the excellent schools it now possesses. Fron the time that Mr. Fitzsimmons first went to Brookville, he took an active part in politics, warmly espousing the cause of the Conservative party. In 1867, he was the candidate, in the Conservative interest, for the constituency of Brookville, for the Ontario Legislature. His opponent was the Hon. C. F. Fraser. The election resulted in Mr. Fitzsimmons' return, by a majority of thirty six. In 1871, he was again elect- ed to the legislature. In 1875, owing to a change in the boundaries of the constituency, he was defeated. In his old constituency his majority was 114. At the general elec- tion for the House of Commons, in 1878, Mr. Fitzsimmons was the choice of the Con- servative party as their candidate. In this contest he was successful, defeating J. D, Buell, by a handsome majority. At the election, in 1882, he declined offering him- self as a candidate. In that year the post- mastership of Brockville became vacant, and Mr.Fitzsimmons was appointed to the office, a position to which, by a Ion' and faithful service to the Conservative party, he wTas justly entitled. In the balls of parliament, the influence of Mr. Fitzsimmons was widely and decisively felt. It was entirely through his efforts, while in the House of Commons, that the appropriation for building the handsome public buildings in Brockville, just completed, was obtained. When in the legislature, he was one of the first to sug- gest the scheme for the relief of the muni- cipalities from the municipal loan fund in- debtedness with which they were burdened, and worked energetically until his object was accomplished. In him, Brockville had an able representative in the council halls of the country, and one who was ever ready and willing to do whatever lay in his power to further the interests of his constituents. All local institutions, having for their ob- ject the welfare of the town and its people, found in Mr. Fitzsimmons a warm friend 727 728 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF and supporter. He was for several years a director of the Mechanics' Institute, of which he was president for two years. For a long period he was an officer of the Brook- ville fire brigade, and took a lively interest in its affairs. He also interested himself to some extent in military matters, and joined the Brookville rifles at the time of their first organization, in 1855. Benevolent societies have found in Mr. Fitzsimmons one of their most enthusiastic workers. In Oddfellow- ship, he has always taken an especial inter- est, and, in 1853, when the order came very nearly dying out in Canada, it was mainly through the efforts of the late Dr. Reynolds, of Brookville, and Mr. Fitzsimmons, that it was resuscitated, and new life inspired into it. In 1846, he became a member of Brock lodge, No. 9, and during the period that has intervened since then, he has filled nearly every position in the lodge and encamp- ment. For a number of years he served as representative to the Grand Lodge, and, in 1875, that body elected him to the position of grand master, the highest honour in their power to confer. He is also prominent in Masonic circles. He became a member of Brookville lodge No. 9 (now Sussex lodge No. 5), in 1848. He is a past second prin- cipal of Sussex Royal Arch Chapter, No. 50 ; also treasurer of Thousand Island Rose Croix Chapter, No. 12, of the Sovereign Sanctuary of Royal and Oriental Freema- sonry. He has been exalted to the degree of Knight Templar and Knight of Malta in Gondemar Preceptory and Dupuis Precep- tory, No. 16, G. R. C. Mr. Fitzsimmons still enjoys the position of postmaster, much to the satisfaction of the general public. Mr. Fitzsimmons is a staunch supporter of the Church of England. In 1839, he married Ann Taylor, of Kingston, by whom he had a family of ten children. She died in De- cember, 1872. In 1883, he married Mrs. Denny, of Brockville, widow of the late James Denny, merchant. There is no fam- ily by the second marriage. Carney, Richard, Windsor, Ontario, M.B. Toronto University ; M.D. Bellevue Hospital, Medical College, New York ; M.C.P. and S., Ont. (all 1869), was born at Barrie, Ontario, on the 8th August, 1842, and is a son of Richard Carney, late sheriff of Algoma district, by Mary Johnston, both of whom were born in England. Richard Carney was educated at the Owen Sound Grammar school, being a pupil when that institution was first opened under the Rev. Mr. Mulholland, about 1855. He subse- quently entered Upper Canada College, which he attended from 1861-64, whence he carried oft' four prizes for English composi- tion and verse, and also for Latin verse. He next entered Toronto University, fol- lowing his arts course (1864-5), with hon- ours ; attended Toronto Medical School from 1865 to 1867 ; Bellevue, New York, from 1867 to 1869, and graduated in 1869, with honours at Toronto University. Dr. Carney was a member of the old No. 9, University company, Queen's Own Rifles, from 1864 to 1869 ; held a second class cer- tificate, Military school, Toronto (1865) ; attended at Laprairie camp in September, 1865, and served in 1866, in connection with the Fenian raid. He was appointed surgeon in 1885, to the 21st battalion, Es- sex county, Ontario, at its re-formation dur- ing the North-West rebellion. Dr. Carney was deputy reeve for Windsor, during the years 1877, 1878 and 1879. He has been a member of Ontario Medical Association since its organization, and has been a mem- ber of St. George's Society, Windsor, for the last four years, being part of this period vice-president. He has also been secretary of the County Liberal-Conser- vative Association for several years, and has been chairman of the Windsor branch from 1882 to the present time. In religion, Dr. Carney is an Episcopalian. He married in Toronto, on November 14th, 1870, Georg- iana, youngest daughter of the late Gavin Burns, for many years postmaster at Oshawa. Dr. Carney settled in Windsor, in August, 1869, where he has since remained contin- uously in the practice of his profession. He has the repute of much skill and learn- ing in his profession, and these qualities, added to his industry and personal popu- larity, have won for him a very excellent practice. Macpherson, I). M., Lancaster, was born on the 1 st concession of Lancaster, lot No. 15, County Glengarry, on the 17th of November, 1847. He is a son of John Mac- pherson, who was born in Kinguessie, Scot- land, in the year 1797, and came to Canada in 1801, settling down with his father on the present homestead, at Front Lancaster. When John Macpherson reached manhood's estate, he engaged as a merchant for a time in the village of Lancaster, and then carried on the lumbering business for several years; subsequently he settled on the farm men- tioned of two hundred acres. He was very active and industrious, and a leading farmer until he died at the age of seventy-two. He was also a captain of the Glengarry militia. The mother of D. M. Macpherson was Cath- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 729 erine Cameron, daughter of the Hon. John Cameron, of Fairfield farm, Summertown, from Charlottenburgh, Glengarry, who re- represented the County of Glengarry from 1825 to 1832, when parliament met in Niag- ara. Mrs. Macpherson, who died in 1860, was a warm-hearted mother, a loving friend, and good to the poor, and it is not strange that she was beloved and esteemed by every- one. The subject of this sketch was edu- cated in common county school, in school section, number one, township of Lancas- ter. With respect to political creed, Mr. Macpherson has always held reform views, and believes that the Liberal policy is the true party principle for advancement and improvement. He has had no connection with any secret society, nor does he be- lieve that the same are conducive to the good of mankind. Mr. Macpherson has travelled considerably in America and Eng- land, and his knowledge has been much widened in that way. Mr. Macpherson was engaged in farming pursuits, until twenty-one, when his father died. He was a prize taker and a professional plough- man, and noticing a good opening in the cheese manufacturing business, determined to give it a trial. So without any experi- ence or advice he determined to begin mak- ing cheese from a dairy of eight cows, and a complete outfit was secured, and he be- gan the manufacture in the spring of 1870. By hard work and close care the season was a fair success. The following year, 1871, he asked two of his neighbours to supply him with their milk. They did so, and the trial proved very successful. The third year a good sized factory was established, the milk of tw<> hundred cows was received, and Mr. Macpherson made all into cheese. But the following year two petitions from ad- jacent sections were received for the start- ing of new factories, and Mr. Macpherson concluded to give that undertaking a trial. Consequently he began the new system of cheese factory combinations, and the results were very satisfactory, so much so that several more conjoined branches were added the following year, and each succeed- ing year large additions were made, until the past season of 1885, the number rose to sixty-six factories, turning out seventy thousand boxes, weighing 4,500,000 lbs. of cheese. All of this enormous output was shipped and sold in the English market, representing a value of over $350,000.00. The business now employs one hundred and fifty hands, and has a capital only of $50,000 or $60,000. In 1882, a cheese box factory and steam saw mill was added, and in 1885 an additional steam saw mill. These estab- lishments turned out four million feet of lumber, and two hundred thousand boxes in 1885, giving regular work to forty hands. Mr. Macpherson has, in the meantime, taken out five patents on improved and original cheese machinery, two of which are a mark- ed success. He was corresponding editor of the dairy department of the Hamilton Live Stock Journal for some time. The brand of cheese made is called the " Allangrove " of Canada. It is well known in England, and much sought for by dealers. Mr. Mac- pherson is a man of almost phenomenal activity, of splendid business ability, and has a great gift of foresight. But Mr. Mac- pherson has marked abilities of a general nature, and those who know him feel that if he would consent to enter the political arena he would be a decided acquisition to the public life of Canada. With respect to his religious and political views he is Liberal and Protestant. He married on 17th Janu- ary, 1871, Margaret, daughter of Duncan McBean, of Front Lancaster. Allison, David Wright, Adolphus- town, was born at the aforenamed place, in the year 1826. His parents were children of Benjamin Allison and Henry Hroon, who left their homes and property at the close of the Revolutionary war, in 1784, and settled in the township of Adolphustown as United Empire loyalists. D. W. Allison was edu- cated in the schools of his native place, his studies embracing such subjects as are im- plied by the term "sound English educa- tion." Sometime after leaving school he entered into commercial pursuits, and how successful his exertions have been is best told by looking at the position which he now holds in the industrial life of the country. He has been extensively engaged in the manufacture of lumber and salt in the Sagi- naw valley, Michigan, and has had an im- portant interest in mineral lands, and is pro- prietor of the valuable Saginaw mine in Marquette county, Michigan. In addition to these enterprises, Mr. Allison is engaged in farming upon an extensive scale, and is the largest land owner in the County of Lennox. Mr. Allison was warden of the counties of Lennox and Addington for the year 1881, and in 1883 was elected to parlia- ment for the County of Lennox. He is a member of the Masonic craft, and has obtained the highest degrees conferrable in this country. He is, and has always been, a member of the Methodist church. In 1876, he married Amelia Elizabeth Membery. 730 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Dowd, Rev. Patrick, pastor of St. Patrick's Church (Roman Catholic), Mont- real, was born in the County of Louth, Ireland, in 1813, of respectable parents, in good circumstances. At an early age he evinced an ardent desire to devote himself to the church. He made his classical course at Newry ; and went to Paris in 1832, and pursued his theological studies in the Irish college of that city. His course was a bril- liant one, and on the 20th May, 1837, he was ordained priest by Monsiegneur Quelen, archbishop of Paris. After his ordination he returned to Ireland, where he lived about ten years-six with the arch- bishop of Armagh-and was president of the diocesan seminary of that town for one year. In 1847 he joined the order of St. Sulpice, and went to Paris for that purpose. After spending a year in their noviciate he was ad- mitted a member of that illustrious body. He went to Montreal, June 21st, 1848, and officiated at St. Patrick's Church ; and when Father Connolly left St. Patrick's, over thirty years ago, Father Dowd was appointed by the superior chief pastor of the congre- gation, a position which he has retained ever since. Shortly after his arrival, he saw the necessity of an asylum for Irish orphans in Montreal, and early in 1849 established one, and the same year commenced the building of the present St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum, which was opened in November, 1851. In 1865 he established St. Bridget's Home for the old and infirm, and the night refuge for the destitute. In 1866-7 he erected the present commodious building on Lagauchetiere streetforthe homeand refuge. One can hardly estimate the vast amount of suffering relieved and of the good done by these charities. In 1872 he established St. Patrick's school, on St. Alexander street, opposite the church. This school is for girls, and is conducted by the reverend ladies of the Congregation of Notre Dame, whose reputation as educators is known all over America. Over 500 pupils attend this school, and the splendid institution is another monument of Father Dowd's untir- ing zeal to forward the interests of his peo- ple. Aided by the ladies of St. Patrick's congregation, he organized the annual bazaar for the support of the Orphan Asylum, and these bazaars have been, from the first, re- markably successful. The first was held in October, 1849, and they have been continued yearly till this date,-the last held was the thirty-sixth consecutive bazaar,-and we have pleasure in recording that Protestants as well as Catholics assisted in this good work. Besides the above, Father Dowd has done much to ornament and beautify the interior of St. Patrick's Church, which, next to Notre Dame, is the most richly decorated in Mon- treal. In 1866, when the dismemberment of the ancient parish of Notre Dame was proclaimed, Father Dowd's quick and vigi- lant eye saw that the congregations of St. Patrick's and the other Irish churches of the city would suffer seriously thereby, and he promptly petitioned the Holy See that the Irish catholics of Montreal should be left in the undisturbed possession of their old privileges. His petition was received and substantially granted, and their position confirmed and defined to their satisfaction. In 1877, he organized the great Irish Catho- lic pilgrimage to Lourdes and Rome. All can recollect the prayerful anxiety that was felt when the vessel carrying the pilgrims and their beloved pastor was not heard of for several agonizing weeks. Prayers were offered in all the churches, without distinc- tion of creed, a pleasing proof that the peo- ple of Montreal are not so bigoted or intol- erant as some would make them appear. When they returned, Father Dowd met with an enthusiastic reception, and was presented with a life-size portrait of himself for the Presbytery of St. Patrick's, where it now hangs. Father Dowd has, on several occa- sions, been offered the highest dignities in the church, but has always declined them,- twice, at least, having refused the mitre, namely, the sees of Toronto and King- ston, preferring 'to remain with his St. Parrick's congregation, to whom he has de- voted his life, feeling as he has always felt, that he could do more good there than he could do elsewhere, even though he wore the mitre. His large and comprehensive views have preserved him from falling into defects common to petty minds. His great intellect never deals with minor difficulties, but grapples only with questions of major importance. He has exhibited, in his long career, great talent and enterprise in the con- ception and execution of the various good works referred to above, which stamps his as a master mind. Joined to remarkably deep and profound thought is his powerfully persuasive eloquence, whose golden chords have been tuned with exquisite harmony to the highest subjects of religion, not only in St. Patrick's pulpit, but also in Toronto, Kingston, Ottawa, and other places in this country and in Ireland, where his brilliant and impressive sermons were greatly ad- mired. His depth of argumentation and his sublimity of expression give way at CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 731 moments to the charm of gay and innocent conversation. It is chiefly in the exercise of hospitality that the largeness of his Irish heart becomes apparent. His residence is the home of the Irish ecclesiastic, whether priest or prelate. While sharing his abun- dant but frugal repast, his welcome guests have frequently remarked that " the best sauces served at table were his fatherly smiles and his pleasing anecdotes." The members of the Irish Canadian pilgrimage referred to, bear witness to the intense plea- sure which his company affords. Most pleasing and fascinating m social circles, he is firm and unbending in the discharge of his pastoral duties ; without any exception of persons and without consulting his own personal interests, he directs his flock with a safe hand, warns his parishioners of any im- pending dangers ; he calms the fears of the agitated mind, consoles the sick, assists the poor and encourages and comforts pious and fervent souls. Endeared to all, respected and revered by all, his counsels are sought after by large numbers of his fellow-citizens, for his knowledge extends through every department of divine and human science. It is impossible in this brief sketch to do full justice to the Reverend Pastor of St. Pat- rick's ; indeed, to write his memoir in full, since he came to Montreal in 1848, would be to write the history of the Irish catholics of Montreal for the last thirty-five years, so in- timately has he been associated with every good and charitable work. We are glad to say, though Father Dowd has reached his 73rd year, he still preserves all the features of intellectual youth and enjoys excellent health. Sherwood, Arthur Percy, Ottawa, Commissioner of Dominion Police, was born at Ottawa, on the 18th March, 1854. He is a son of Edward Sherwood, who was a son of Livins Peters Sherwood, he being the son of Captain Justus Sherwood, a lead- ing U. E. loyalist, whose letters and reports to Lord Haldimand at the time of the re- bellion, 1776-84, are preserved in the Do- minion archives at Ottawa. Hon. L. P. Sherwood was speaker in the Parliament of Upper Canada from 1821 to 1825, and judge of the court of Queen's bench. He was born in St. John's, Lower Canada, 1777, and died in Toronto. He married Char- lotte Jones, of the township of Augusta (now the town of Brookville). They had four sons and three daughters-Hon. Henry Sherwood, attorney-general of Upper Can- ada, Hon. George Sherwood, receiver-gen- eral, and afterwards judge of the County of Hastings, Samuel Sherwood, formerly re- gistrar of the City of Toronto, and Edward, late registrar of the County of Carleton. Of the daughters one married Hon. Jno. Craw- ford, late lieut.-governor of Ontario, one the H'>n. John Elmslie, and the other the late Dr. John King, of Toronto. The mother of A. P. Sherwood was Isabella Penelope,, daughter of the late Colonel Turner, of the Royal engineers, who was born in Ross Castle, Lakes of Killarney, Ireland. After being thoroughly grounded in elementary education, A. P. Sherwood entered the Ottawa Grammar school, where he con- cluded his educational course. At present he is captain in No. 1 company, Ottawa and Carleton rifles. He was deputy sheriff of the County of Carleton from June, 1877, till April, 1879 ; was chief of police of Ottawa from April, 1879, till October, 1882 ; was superintendent of Dominion police from October, 1882, till November, 1885, when, at the death of the late Augustus Keefer, he was appointed commissioner of Dominion police. In April, 1883, Captain Sherwood married Esther Alberta, youngest daughter of the late James D. Slater. Captain Sher- wood was the special messenger who carried the government's warrant for Riel's execu- tion to Regina, leaving Ottawa on Thursday night, and arriving in Regina by special at seven o'clock on Sunday evening. Taylor, Joseph, Detroit, was born in England, in 1843. He was educated as a railroad man on the London and North Western Railroad, being duly apprenticed. He passed through the practical and clerical departments with much success, and in 1863r accepted the invitation of Thomas Swinyard,, to act as his private secretary, with head- quarters at Hamilton, Ontario, Mr. Swin- yard, at that time, being general manager of the Great Western Railway. Mr. Taylor remained on the Great Western for more than ten years, during most of the time as chief assistant to the general manager, and materially helped to develop the resources of the property. Since relinquishing rail- road life, Mr. Taylor has been connected with Messrs. Newberry & McMillan, De- troit, the large manufacturers of railway cars, car wheels, axles, bar iron, etc., and in the position of secretary has contributed greatly to the success of Newberry & Mc- Millan's various enterprises. He is a young and active man, of a practical turn of mind, and is highly esteemed for his business ability. He is a classical scholar, and an accomplished linguist. A book written by him, under the title of a "Fast Life on the 732 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Modern Highway," and published by Har- per Bros., New York, 1874, had a large sale, and contains a fund of humour, which is perhaps a characteristic of all Mr. Taylor's occasional writings, whether in verse or prose. He lives in a beautiful house, which he has recently built in one of the finest streets of Detroit. He has been twice mar- ried, but is now a widower with four child- ren, the oldest an accomplished young lady, and the youngest a baby. Dougall, Duncan, B.A., Barrister-at- Law, Windsor, Ontario, was born on the fith October, 1841, at Rosebank, his father's residence, situate on the Detroit river, be- tween Windsor and Amherstburg, about two miles above Amherstburg. He was the third son of James Dougall, son of John Dougall, and grandson of Duncan Dougall, manufacturers and merchants of Potter Hill House, near Paisley, Scotland. James Dougall was born there in 1810, and came to Canada in 1826 to join his brother, John Dougall (late of the Montreal Witness, and now of the New York Witness), in the wholesale dry goods business. After doing business for a short time in Quebec, they removed to Montreal, and in 1828 James Dougall opened a branch warehouse in To- ronto, which establishment was the first wholesale store in that city. Having been burnt out in Toronto in 1830, he removed to Windsor and commenced business there, still retaining an interest in the Montreal enterprise. Peter Redpath subsequently joined the Montreal firm, which was after- wards known as Dougall, Redpath & Co. Windsor, at that time, was an important shipping point for the west and north-west. James Dougall was, in addition to his other business, for many years agent of the Hud- son Bay Company at Windsor, as well as agent for the Commercial Bank of Kingston. He afterwards acted for the B ink of Mont- real, having sub-agencies at Amherstburg, Chatham and London under him, and he had likewise branch stores in these places. James Dougall took an active part as a magistrate in defending the frontier and suppressing the rebellion in 1836-7. There being neither arms, ammunition or provi- sions to supply the militia which the magis- trates had decided to call out, he advanced $15,000 from his own private funds to pur- chase the necessary supplies in Detroit, the only place where they could be obtained in time to be of service. In 1840 he built Rosebank House, where he resided until 1854. He was engaged largely in agricul- ture and horticulture, having extensive nur- series at Rosebank, and afterwards at Wind- sor, whither he again removed in 1854. He was a Reformer in politics, and in 1856 was a candidate for the Legislative Council for the Western Division, comprising the counties of Essex and Kent. He was op- posed by Colonel Prince and by Colonel Rankin, the former of whom was elected. He was again a candidate for the Legislative Council for the same division in 1860, and was defeated by Sir Allan MacNab bv a very small majority. He was mayor of Windsor for seven or eight years, being chief magis- trate at the time of the Prince of Wales' visit in 1860. James Dougall married, in 1832, Susan, youngest daughter of Francois Baby, who was for sixteen years a member of parliament for Essex, and who was ap- pointed in 1807, by George HI, lieutenant of the County of Essex, an office afterwards abolished. By this marriage he had seven children, five sons and two daughters. Dun- can Dougall, after attending for a time a private school at Amherstburg, went in 1852 to the High school at Montreal, where he remained until 1856. In 1857 he entered McGill College, where he graduated, taking tne degree of Bachelor of Arts, in the spring of 1860. While at McGill he took two years of the law course connected with that university, but owing to his removal to To- ronto in August, 1860, he did not take his degree in law. The Hon. John Abbott, Judge Torrance, Mr. Laflamme, Q.C., and Mr. Lafrenne, Q.C., were the law lecturers at McGill at the time of his attendance at that institution. In August, 1860, he com- menced the study of law in the office of Robinson & McBride, at Toronto, and con- tinued in the same office until he was ad- mitted as an attorney and called to the bar in Michaelmas term, 1863. Immediately upon being called to the bar, Mr. Dougall entered into partnership with Robinson & McBride, and continued with them until 1867, when, owing to ill-health, he retired from the firm, and gave up his practice for about a year, part of which time he spent in Boston. In 1868 he commenced practising at Windsor, and has continued to practise there ever since. While in Toronto in 1865, Duncan Dougall passed through the Military school, taking a certificate under Colonel Peacock, who was then the commandant of the school. Owing to ill-health, he has never since been able to take an active part in military affairs. He was elected deputy- reeve of Windsor for the years 1874-75-76, but retired in the last-named year ; and he has since declined the candidature for mu- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 733 nicipal honours. He has always, however, taken an active interest in municipal and county affairs. Mr. Dougall is a Reformer in politics, though very independent, and inclined to criticize the acts of his political friends, as well as those of his opponents, when he believes them to be wrong. He takes a warm interest in Canada, and holds strong views on most of the political ques- tions of the day. Though brought up in the Presbyterian church, he has been for the past twenty-five years an attendant and member of the Church of England. In 1883 hfe married Edith G., only daughter of J. W. Bloomer, of Baltimore, Maryland. Hunter, John Howard, Toronto, the son of William Hunter and Charlotte Howard, was born at Bandon, Ireland, on the 22nd December, 1839. After instruc- tion under various classical and mathemati- cal masters, he spent two years in the Queen's University, Ireland, carrying off each year honours and scholarships in the faculty of arts. On removing t<> Canada, he was admitted to the University of Toronto, ad eundem statum, and entered on the pro- fession of teaching, first in Common (Public) schools, and soon after as a Grammar (High) school master. He became principal of Beanisville Grammar school in 1860, grad- uating as B.A. in the same year, and took the degree of M.A. in 1861. On the strong recommendation of that distinguished scho- lar, Professor G. P. Young, then Grammar school Inspector, Mr. Hunter was, in the autumn of 1865, appointed principal of the united Grammar and Common schools of Dundas. For secondary education those were dark days. Grammar school trustees had no power of taxation ; the legislative grant was insignificant ; assistance from the muni- cipality was generally grudged, and often refused. No reliable revenue could there- fore be had, unless the Grammar schools united with the Common schools, which en- joyed the right of taxation. Except at a few places-such as Galt, Hamilton, and Dundas,-the Grammar schools were wretch- edly housed and equipped. The late J. M. Buchan was then teaching the Grammar school at Hamilton, and frequently visited Mr. H unter at Dundas. In their study of field botany, the two friends often walked together the tive-mile road which separated their schools. The forlorn landscape of secondary education was day by day over- cast with fresh difficulties. Mr. Buchan, who was of a gentle disposition, and rather prone to despondency, often declared that he found the needful nervine and tonic in his companion's fearless and enterprising temperament. After the Grammar school masters, by incredible exertions, had over- come the want of books, appliances, and assistants, and had brought within a few weeks or months of the university, pupils who were likely to enter it with distinction, they found that Upper Canada college-a wealthy and pretentious Grammar school of Toronto-bribed away their pupils with so- called scholarships, passed them on to the University, and appropriated to itself the honours so hardly earned by the Grammar schools. This despicable work was fast de- moralizing the Grammar schools, and pre- sently would have proved fatal to the Pro- vincial University itself. One autumn evening (Saturday, October 19, 1867), Mr. Hunter suggested that the Grammar school masters of the whole province be invited to a conference. The leading members of the profession were found to be favourable to this suggestion, and Messrs. Hunter and Buchan joined in a circular (dated Novem- ber 30th, 1867), calling a convention at Toronto. A large attendance of leading educationists responded, and thus was or- ganized the Grammar School Masters' As- sociation. The meeting was held on Friday, January 3rd, 1868, in the old Toronto Grammar school. Of the condition to which secondary schools had fallen in some coun- try towns, an idea may be gathered from the circumstance that the Grammar school of the metropolis was housed in a wretched frame building, standing at the corner of Stanley and Nelson streets, at the precise focus of the most shameful purlieus of Tor- onto. This edifice, when under the stress of public indignation, it ceased to be a temple of learning, was discovered to be fit only for receiving rags and scrap iron. Out of the disreputable building and quarter in which the convention was assembled, Mr. Hunter made a telling object-lesson and a dramatic occasion.- Three-quarters of a century ago the Imperial government had munificently endowed with crown lands the Grammar schools of Upper Canada ; the Toronto school had, moreover, through private munificence, acquired valuable city lots ; how had things come to such a pass with Grammar schools generally, and how came the Metropolitan school to be housed in such a kennel ? He would tell them. Upper Canada College had filched their patrimony, had filched also the private en- dowments of the Toronto school, and had served a writ of ejectment to turn it out of even such poor shelter as the school now 734 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF had. With its ill-gotten revenues, U. 0. College was now demoralizing and destroy- ing the Provincial Grammar schools.-This bolt out of the blue, startled not only the •convention, but the whole province. Re- turns were moved for in the legislature. Indiscreet friends of Upper Canada College filled the columns of the Toronto journals with violent letters and editorials, and for some time Mr. Hunter was the best abused man in the province. He had a mass of convincing evidence already in his hands, but he held it back for six months, until he had critically examined every link, and riveted it in its place. Three several times the rolls of parliament had been destroyed by fire, and it was only by incredible labour and research that some of the missing re- cords could be discovered. The Grammar School Masters' Association re-assembled in Toronto on Monday, August 3, 1868. So timorous were the Grammar school auth- orities of Toronto, that the use of their de- lectable building on Stanley street was re- fused, and the masters assembled in the Mechanics' Institute, now the Public Lib- rary building. Mr. Hunter presented his re- port in proof-sheets, which formed a closely printed pamphlet of 55 pages ("The U. C. College Question Dundas, Jas. Somer- ville, 1868). This document, supported in every line by references to the public re- cords, laid bare an unexampled series of transactions-improper alienations of en- dowments ; appropriations of the proceeds to private uses; wholesale plundering of educational trusts. The effect of this publi- cation was instantaneous. The Hamilton ■Spectator, of September 2, 1868, said : "Short as is the time during which the above pamphlet has been afloat, we can see by our exchanges that the province is already profoundly moved by the facts which this statement discloses. Journals representing all shades of political opinion, journals dis- cordant on almost every other question, are on this question quite unanimous." School boards, county councils, and the corpora- tions of cities, towns, and villages, passed resolutions, and memorialized the legisla- ture. When parliament met, Robert Chris- tie, member for North Wentworth (now Inspector of Asylums and Prisons), form- ally laid a series of eight charges against the college, and moved for a select com- mittee. The supporters of the college headed off this motion, and the matter was referred to a committee already sitting, the majority of whom were avowedly hostile. In spite of all obstructions, however, the evidence was flowing in, and setting so strong against the college, that the com- mittee abruptly rose and reported progress. Next session the campaign was renewed with similar manoeuvres, and almost every session since, there have been manifesta- tions of the provincial feeling against the institution. Though U. C. College has not been disendowed, Mr. Hunter complete- ly succeeded in his real objective points, which were the re-endowment of the Gram- mar schools, and the reform of university administration. In 1871, parliament in- creased the Grammar schools' appropriation from 857,500 to 870,000, and in 1873 to 882,000, and further increases have since been made. Municipal contributions to Grammar schools have been made obligatory, and the trustees have been given the power of taxation. Numerous other reforms advo- cated by his pen have reached the statute- book-notably the recognition of girls as High school pupils. While thus leading great educational movements, Mr Hunter was most assiduous in the immediate duties of his profession. His Grammar school won many brilliant distinctions. In August, 1870, he received, through the governor- general, Lord Lisgar, a cablegram from the Imperial government announcing that one of his students, Frank Beverley Robertson, had won a foremost place among the hun- dreds of matriculants in the University of London, and had been awarded the Do- minion Gilchrist scholarship, with £100 sterling per annum for three years. In 1869, the encroachments of the Chief Superin- tendent of Education upon the rights of local school authorities were becoming so intolerable that Mr. Hunter determined to contest the ground inch by inch. The School Bills of 1868-9, and 1869-70, were dissected in editorials contributed to the leading journals, and the Sandfield-Mac- donald government refused to proceed with the measures. In the session 1870-71, the autocrat of the Education Office turned to bay, and would hear of no further postpone- ment. The new bill was worse than any of its predecessors. Mr. Hunter called on Dr. Ryerson, and represented the unreasonable and extravagant character of some of the provisions. One clause provided what was in effect perpetual imprisonment for a parent neglecting to sent his child to school; other clauses were almost as bad. No modifica- tion would be entertained, and Mr. Hunter published an analysis of the bill. Friday, the 6th January, 1871, was a regular field- night in the Assembly. When the Hon. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 735 M. C. Cameron moved the second reading, members from both sides joined in so tre- mendous an onslaught that the Globe sug- gested the Speaker of the House had better hang out a notice-board inscribed "Mang- ling Done Here." Late in the night Mr. Blake rose, and delivered a magnificent speech, in which he tore the School Bill to very shreds. Then followed Dr. Ryer- son's notorious "Letters" to Mr. Blake, published in the Toronto Telegraph, of January 13, 1871, and following issues. After nearly three months of this vitu- peration, ;Mr. Blake replied simply by pub- lishing his speech in the Assembly, and printing in parallel columns the School Bill as introduced and as amended. In the autumn of 1871, Mr. Hunter was appointed to the headmastership of the St. Catharines Grammar school-one of the oldest found- ations in the province, having been estab- lished as the Grantham Academy in 1829. Mr. Hunter's reputation had now been fully established, and his movements were matters of general interest. The Hamilton Spectator, 20th of September, 1871, said editorially: "Dundas loses and St. Cath- arines gains immensely by this appointment. Mr. Hunter is not only one of the most accomplished teachers in the Dominion, but he is also a man endowed with a power of deep and original thought, with a love of learning which amounts to enthusiasm, and with the rare gift of being able to infuse his spirit into others. As a writer, we know of none in Canada with a style more pure, clear, and vigorous." The St. Catharines school was soon lifted from a state of great depression, and attained the rank of a Col- legiate Institute ; the building was doubled, the attendance was quadrupled, and distinc- tions flowed in on the school. Twice the stu- dents carried off the Gilchrist scholarship- Andrew Pattullo the scholarship for 1872-5, William Fraser for 1873-6.-Mr. Hunter pointed out that, even in its amended form, the Act of 1871 committed to the Chief Superintendent powers that could properly be entrusted only to a representative body. This became more evident even in the first few months' administration. In July, 1872, Mr. Hunter addressed several educational bodies on the position of affairs, and com- menced a public agitation for the recast- ing of the Council of Public Instruction. He urged that the University Senate also be constituted on a representative basis. The disclosures in " The U. C. College Question " required little argument to en- force this latter change, and the senate was re-organized by the Act of 1873. The reform of the Educational Council followed in 1874, and was precipitated by signed articles, contributed by Mr. Hunter, to the Ontario Teacher (August, 1873), and the Canadian Monthly Magazine (December, 1873). An interior view of Dr. Ryerson's personal administration was first given to the public in the latter article ; some scan- dalous occurrences were disclosed, and re- ferences were furnished to official docu- ments. It was of course expected that these new representative bodies would conduct their business under the public eye, and publish official records of their proceedings, but both bodies shut the doors in the faces of their constituents. The phantom Council of Public Instruc- tion, after a brief and flickering existence, was snuffed out. Mr. Hunter addressed himself, in 1873, to the administration of the University in articles published in the Ontario Teacher (April and August). The senate were severely handled for their anti- quated curriculum, their secret sessions, and the non-publication of proceedings. Many of these medieval absurdities have since been laughed out of the curricu- lum ; lean reports of the proceedings are now given to the press ; but the objection- able secret sessions remain, and Mr. Hun- ter continues annually to make a motion in University Convocation for open sessions of the senate. For many years Mr. Hunter regularly kept up his scientific studies, and worked in a laboratory, pursuing private re- search. He especially interested himself in the project of technical education for our artisans, and in a published lecture delivered in the theatre of the Toronto Normal School (August, 1872), he elaborated a scheme for establishing a school of science, which would bear the same beneficial relation to artisans as the Agricultural College does to farmers. In 1873, the legislature gave the School of Science a statutory existence, though with an appropriation quite inadequate for a comprehensive treatment of technical in- struction. In 1874, Mr. Hunter accepted the charge of the Government Institution for the Blind at Brantford. Under his management the institution became the largest, or next to largest, in America, and became widely known for the novelty and ingenuity of its appliances. To this busy hive all earnest students were welcomed, but for drones it was not " a pleasant land of drowsy-head." The Annual Reports were eagerly sought for by American and foreign correspondents, and were reproduced in 736 A CYCLOPEDIA OF several European languages. An article contributed to the Canadian Monthly, in August, 1880, presented, in probably its strongest form, the claim of the blind upon the state. In 1877, the succession to the property of his father, recently deceased, had called Mr. Hunter across the Atlantic, and while spending some months in Great Britain and on the Continent, he visited many of the leading institutions for the blind. Even without wilful obstructions, the faithful management of such an institu- tion is a severe strain. From the very out- set, Mr. Hunter had been incessantly em- barrassed and thwarted by intriguing offi- cials, and every innovation, however desir- able, in rules or in methods of teaching, afforded of course an opportunity for mis- chief. In 1881, the introduction of a new writing appliance-designed by Mr. Hunter, and most strongly commended by the Louis- ville Convention of Instructors of the Blind -was seized on to mislead and excite the pupils, and seriously disturb the Institution. Mr. Hunter asked for an official inquiry into his management. The attack upon him proved such a contemptible fiasco that the provincial press roughly handled his assailants. Grip's cartoonist, Bengough, catching the spirit of the occasion, pictured Principal Hunter as routing a swarm of venomous mosquitoes with a flip of his handkerchief. After his assailantshad been discomfited, and officially rebuked, Mr. Hunter asked to be relieved of his thankless charge. The government reluctantly com- plied, and promoted him to the responsible position of Provincial inspector of Insur- ance, for which his knowledge of mathe- matics and finance adapted him. His re- tirement from the work at Brantford was deeply regretted in the United States and Europe as a most serious blow to the true interests of the blind ; and it continues still to be lamented. Mr. Anagnos, the eminent director of the Boston Institution for the Blind, in his report for the year ending September 30th, 1885 (p. 85), enumerates the great investigators of Europe, who by their skill and research have advanced the education of the blind, and adds : "Unfor- tunately, since the retirement of Mr. J. Howard Hunter from the principalship of the Ontario Institution, in Brantford, Can- ada, Mr. A. Buckle, of York (England) is the only one among the English-speaking superintendents, on either side of the At- lantic, who can compare favourably with these men in intellectual acumen, force, and clearness of thought, refinement of taste, ripe scholarship, and linguistic attain- ments." While at Brantford, Mr. Hunter occasionally refreshed his mind with old- time studies. His versatile taste is per- haps best illustrated by a brief enumera- tion of papers contributed to the Canadian Monthly in 1880: January, "The Uni- versity Question" (a searching examina- tion of the educational horizon at that date); March, " Studies of Greek Poets;" "The Civil Service in Great Britain;" August, "The Education of the Blind," " The Early History of Galt;" September, "Greek Classical Literature." In 1881, Mr. Hunter made better known to Cana- dians the merits of their French laureate, L. H. Frechette. This article (Canadian Monthly, January, 1881) was reproduced in French on both sides of the Atlantic, and called forth a very handsome acknowledg- ment from the poet himself. On assuming the Department of Insurance, Mr. Hunter devoted several months to the close study of insurance legislation. He brought to- gether into a manual the provincial statues, which were dispersed through many vol- umes, and prefixed an exhaustive analysis of the whole legislation. The important judgment of the Imperial Privy Council on provincial jurisdiction in Insurance was ana- lysed with such care and skill as to elicit judicial recognition. This publication has proved of great utility to insurance com- panies, and to the legal profession. In 1882 a firm of publishers invited Mr. Hunter to give the public schools the benefit of his teaching experience and literary taste, by compiling and editing a set of "Royal Readers." The committee to whom the government referred the various competing Readers gave Mr. Hunter's books the first place of literary merit, upon which the government awarded them exclusive autho- rization for Normal schools and other Government institutions. The strongest commendations were also given to the public press by well-known authors and litterateurs -W. J. Rattray, in the Mail, J. E. Collins and J. C. Dent in the World, etc. The publication of Picturesque Canada, in 1882- 3, drew on Mr. Hunter's pen for contribu- tions, and in his articles entitled, "From Toronto Westward," "Central Ontario," and " South-Eastern Quebec," he took the opportunity of restoring much romantic history, which had been altogether lost or forgotten. These articles were very warmly received by literary critics, and Mr. Hunter was urged to undertake a more extensive treatment of our national history. He has CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 737 devoted the spare moments of the past few years to collecting historical material, but the pressure of official duties has not hither- to left him the leisure necessary for ex- tended authorship. It is not exaggeration to say that Mr. Hunter is master of a per- fect prose style. His work is characterized by wide and careful observation, and by ample thought; and where it deals with opinion it is always sincere and sometimes passionate. But when Mr. Hunter turns his pen to a description of external nature, he reveals all the qualities of the poet. All that is beautiful in nature he loves, and in his interpretation of the same his touch is unerring, and sympathetic. The same sort of delight that one feels in reading a pas- sage of Gauthier's prose, or of our own Rus- kin's, is experienced in coming upon a piece of description in Mr. Hunter's pages, what- ever be the theme, the whistling of wild birds, the dyes of our autumn woods, or a flush of color in the sky. His touch is at once true to nature and the human heart, while one delights to linger over the rhyth- mical balance of his periods. In 1862, Mr. Hunter was married to Annie Gordon, daughter of the late John Gordon, of Inver- ness, Scotland. The family consists of four sons and three daughters. The three eldest sons, Gordon, William, and Alfred, have all greatly distinguished themselves in Toronto University, carrying off scholarships and medals. McMillan, Hugh, Detroit, the subject of this sketch, is the son of William Mc- Millan, and was born in Hamilton, Ontario, September 28th, 1845, in which city his education was received until 1861, when he was induced to go to Detroit, whither his brother, James, had preceded him. Hugh entered into railway life in that city, secur- ing his first position in the office of the gen- eral superintendent of the Detroit & Mil- waukee Railway. He rapidly acquired a knowledge of railway departmental details and administration, and might now have been merely a prominent manager of rail- roads, had not his predilections for a differ- ent kind of life led him to turn his attention to the operations of the Michigan Car Co. This manufactory was about this time acquiring proportions exceeding the expec- tations of its promoters and it was here that Hugh McMillan began as secretary of the company, those arduous labours ex- tending through several years, which so much contributed to the success of his com- pany, and laid the foundation of his present considerable wealth. In course of time, when his brother, James, assumed the presi- dency of the company, Hugh took control as vice-president and general manager, which position he still retains. In addition to this office he is also vice-president of the Baugh Steam Forge Company, and of the Detroit Car Wheel Company. He also holds administrative positions in many other companies, the list of which is too long to recite. Although only forty years of age, he is president of one of the most flourishing banks in the city of Detroit, the Commercial National. A few years ago he was one of a syndicate formed for the purpose of con- structing a railroad across the Upper Pen- insula of Michigan, from Point St. Ignace to Marquette. This work was put through with great energy and dispatch, and in this enterprise Mr. McMillan developed great ability as an organizer, and afterwards as an administrator. This road will in the near future also connect Sault Ste. Marie with Marquette, and thus become an important link between Mr. McMillan's native land and his adopted country. He has been from the beginning a director and secretary- treasurer of the road. He is of a social dis- position, and entertains in a princely man- ner at his fine modern house on Jefferson avenue, in Detroit, as well as at his country chateau near Lake St. Clair. Mr. McMillan has been president of the " Detroit Club," a leading social organization of three hun- dred prominent citizens of Detroit. Eighteen years ago he married Ellen Dyar, an accom- plished and amiable lady, who is now the happy mother of a daughter and three boys, whose education is progressing. As stated, Mr. McMillan is still a young man, and pos- sessed of the aggressiveness and energy which are his prominent personal character- istics, he cannot fail, with the blessing of health, to still further extend his wide influ- ence and enterprises, for the benefit of his community and country. Cant, John, Galt, was born in Ross- shire, Scotland, on the 30th June, 1830. He came to Canada with his father, in 1843, settling at Galt ; and here his father died in 1869, leaving a family of eleven children, John being the fourth. In Galt John Cant learned the trade of harness making, but about the year 1872 he gave up this busi- ness, and entered as book-keeper in the firm of Cant, Gourlay & Co. Here he remained till 1881, when he entered into partnership with William Laidlaw, Hugh Cant and Andrew Cant, in the manufacture of wood- working machinery ; and the operations of the house have since met with considerable 738 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF success. In 1882, Mr. Cant was elected to the town council of Galt, and at the period of writing, is serving his third year in that body. He has likewise sat at the school- board, having been always interested in the promotion of education. Mr. Cant is a Presbyterian, and has for many years been a trustee of Knox church. In general poli- tics he has always taken an intelligent inte- rest, and is a staunch advocate of the policy of the party led by Hon. Edward Blake. Mr. Cant married in 1861, Margaret, daugh- ter of the late J ohn Veitch, of the town of Galt, and one of the early settlers of that place. By this lady he has a family of three children, one son and two daughters. Our subject, it may be said, is senior mem- ber of the business house already alluded to; and he gives his attention to the financ- ing and general management of the same. Mr. Cant has all those qualities which in commerce make a man successful, and which obtain the esteem and the good will of the community. MacMurchy, Archibald, M.A., To- ronto.-The subject of this sketch, the well- known and much respected rector of the Toronto Collegiate Institute, and one of the foremost educationists of the province, was born in Scotland, on a farm by the sea shore, called Stewartfield, not very far from the beautiful town of Campbelltown, in the Can- tire peninsula of Argyleshire. When very young he was sent to the parish school near by the family home, and lived his early life amid the rugged hills and scented heather of his native Highlands, with the roar of the sea in his ear and its bracing ozone in his lungs. His parentage on both sides was Highland, his father's people being farmers, and for years furnishing ministers, elders, and church workers to the ecclesiastical estab- lishment of Scotland. The deeply-embed- ded influences, arising from devotion to such work, which has done so much for Scotland and for Scotland's sons, left their impress upon the young lad's mind, and was an im- portant factor, in later years, in the building up of his character. When quite young be came to Upper Canada with his father's and his grandfather's family, the latter consisting of eleven sons, all eager and able to subdue the wilds of Canada. Of these sturdy young men, one son, the Rev. John MacMurchy, was for years the much loved minister of the Eldon congregation; while the others be- came prosperous farmers and useful citizens in various parts of the province. The sub- ject of our present sketch was early drawn to the educational profession, in which he has honourably and usefully been engaged for years. When quite a young lad he began teaching in one of the rural schools of the province, at which work he remained until 1854, when he entered the Normal school, Toronto, then under the able man- agement of the late T. J. Robertson, assist- ed by the Rev. Wm. (now Doctor) Ormiston, of New York. This training school for teachers he attended for twelve months, in order to qualify himself for his profession. After receiving his certificate, he opened and taught the first public school in the town of Collingwood, and in 1856 matricu- lated at the University of Toronto, taking honours in several departments. During his university career, he taught for a time in the Provincial Model school, Archibald MacCallum, M.A., being headmaster, and while at college was able to take first-class honours in mathematics, English branches, French, the sciences, and logic. Through- out his course he was a first-class honour man in mathematics, in which department he shone, and in it graduated with first- class honours and a medal. In his univer- sity career some of his fellow-undergradu- ates and friendly competitors were the late Chief Justice Moss, recently deceased ; the able litterateur, William J. Rattray ; the present Chancellor of Ontario, J. A. Boyd, M.A.; and Thomas Hodgins, M.A., Q.C., Master in Chancery. On graduating, Mr. MacMurchy devoted himself with great earnestness and assiduity to his life-work as an educator, his academic standing and honours in sciences, mathematics, and moderns, as well as his sterling character, serving him in good stead. In 1858 he was appointed mathematical master in the Toronto Grammar school, at that time un- der Dr. M. C. Howe, and succeeded to the rectorship in 1872, on the retirement from ill-health of the Rev. Dr. Wickson. In this important position, as head of the leading educational institution in the provincial school system, Mr. MacMurchy has done excellent work, as the record of the institute shows, in the honours taken by the pupils at the matriculation examinations of the various Canadian colleges and universities. His thorough scholarship, varied profession- al attainments, and careful training has en- abled the institute to turn out numbers of young men who have made, and are making, their mark in Canadian public, professional and mercantile life, and fitted many others to fill their individual spheres in Canadian society with credit to themselves, and with reflected honour and credit on the institution CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 739 in which they received their education. But besides Mr. MacMurchy's own special school-work, he has found time to serve the profession with great advantage in other fields. For years he was a member of the Senate of Toronto University, as the repre- sentative of the teaching profession of the province, and has been an active worker in the Ontario Teachers' Association, of which he was at one time president. While tilling this office Mr. MacMurchy delivered two able inaugural addresses on the subject of "Religious Education in Schools," which have awakened the public conscience to a lively sense of duty on this important subject, and have led to an imperfect solution of the prob- lem, in the issue by the Ontario government of a volume of extracts from the Bible re- commended for use in schools. As an author, in his own department of mathema- tics, he has also ably served education, and given to it a number of works in elementary and advanced arithmetic, which have met with great acceptance from the profession. Besides receiving authorization, in 1870, fur these works in his own province, their ster- ling worth has won for them authorization in the neighbouring province of Quebec, and their introduction and use elsewhere. In 1875 he also prepared and published a valu- able book of ' ' Exercises in Arithmetic," which has been of much service to educa- tionists and of real value to pupils. In these educational ventures, it is due to Mr. MacMurchy to say, that to the joint Eng- lish author of two of his early publications, he has most honourably made large annual payments, derived from the sales of these works ; an innovation as creditable as it was handsome. Mr. MacMurchy's enthusiastic interest in the educational profession has also led him, for many years back, to as- sume the financial responsibility and care of carrying on a well-known and high-class professional serial, the Canada Educational Monthly, of which he is now understood to be editor. It is not permitted us to say much here of Mr. MacMurchy in pri- vate life ; but his many and ardent friends bear eager testimony to the warmth, hearti- ness, and fidelity of his friendships, and to the uprightness and sterling worth of his personal character. Those who know him only in the class-room, in which he very properly is a strict, and some would commendably say, an old-fashioned dis- ciplinarian, miss, in the severe rector, the more genial side of his character, which is exhibited to friends and intimates. In pri- vate life, he is beloved for his warm-hearted, true, and affectionate manner, his wide sympathies, his shrewd knowledge of men and the world, and his vast fund of political professional, and social humour. The latter is ever chastened by a religious cast of mind, which gives elevation to his character, and is the mainspring and source of his charity and sense of brotherhood. In re- ligion, Mr. MacMurchy, is a Presbyterian, of the Old Kirk section of that body, and is an elder and an active and useful member of the congregation worshipping in Old St. Andrew's, Toronto. He is also superinten- dent of the Sunday school of this church, and has acted in that capacity, in con- nection with other churches, during the past sixteen years. In church matters he has always taken a lively interest, and at various times has represented congregations in the minor courts of the church as well as in the Presbyterian General Assembly, to which he has been repeatedly elected by various presbyteries. In politics he is a staunch Conservative. Mr. MacMurchy has also given his services to the nation in connection with the volunteer militia of the country. In 1860, when an undergraduate of Toronto University, he joined the uni- versity corps of the Queen's Own Rifles, and was present at the affair with the Feni- ans at Ridgeway, on the 2nd of June, 1866. Subsequently he entered the Military school at Toronto and won a 2nd class certificate, after obtaining which he acted for some years as lieutenant of the Toronto Garrison Artillery. In 1859, Mr. MacMurchy mar- ried Marjory Jardine, daughter of James Ramsay, of Linlithgow, Scotland, who came to Toronto in 1850. Mr. Ramsay belonged to a branch of an old Scottish family. Mr. MacMurchy has three sons and three daugh- ters, who inherit the virtues, as well as the intellectual attainments of their worthy parents. Beattie, John, J. P., Fergus, Ont., was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on April 22, 1821. He is a son of William and Elizabeth (McDonald) Beattie, his parents being both natives of Aberdeenshire. Wm, Beattie pursued the calling of a farmer, and emigrated to Canada in 1839, settling in the township of Nichol, Wellington, taking up a farm there, and continuing upon the same until his death in 1862. John Beattie received a common school education in Scotland, and came to Canada with his pa- rents in 1839. He remained for a while with his father upon the farm, but after- wards took up land for himself, which he continued to farm until 1867, in which year 740 A CYCLOPEDIA OF he was appointed agent of the Royal Cana- dian Bank, at Fergus. This position he held until the suspension of that institution in 1870. He shortly afterwards opened an office for himself as private banker, in which avocation he has continued ever since. He was lieutenant in the old Canadian militia at the time Sir Edmund W. Head was gov- ernor. In 1851, Mr. Beattie was elected to the township council of Nichol, and continu- ed to sit in that body until 1860, when he was elected reeve of the township. This office he held until 1867, when he resigned. In 1871 he was appointed clerk of the County of Wellington, and this office he still holds to the entire satisfaction of the com- munity. Mr. Beattie was among one of the first J. P.'s appointed in his county. He has been secy, -treasurer of the Nichol Mutu- al Fire Insurance Co. since 1860 ; and he is a member of Mercer lodge, No. 347, Free- masons, of Fergus, and is treasurer of the same. In politics, Mr. Beattie is a Conser- vative, and he is a member of the Conserva- tive Association of Wellington. He has visited the greater portion of Canada, having a large interest in lands in the North-West territories. In religion he is a steadfast Presbyterian. Mr. Beattie married in 1850, Janet, daughter of Thomas Wilson, a farmer of the township of Garafraxa, Wellington, and a native of Lanarkshire, Scotland ; and he has by this union a family of thirteen children, eleven of whom are living. Abbott, Harry Braithwaite, Vic- toria, British Columbia, was bom at Abbotts- ford, Eastern Townships, on the 14th of June, 1829. He is a son of the Rev. Joseph Ab- bott, missionary of the Church of England, who was sent out by the Society for the Pro- pagation of the Gospel. His father, the Rev. Mr. Abbott, was born in Westmore- land, England, and educated at Glasgow University ; and his mother, Harriet Eliza- beth, was a daughter of the Rev. Richard Bradford, at one time chaplain of Her Majesty's forces at William Henry (Sorel), and afterwards resident missionary at Chat- ham, Quebec. H. B. Abbott was educated at the Montreal High School and McGill College. He assisted in raising a battal- ion of infantry in Argenteuil, at the time of the Trent affair, of which he was gazetted major. He has since been placed upon the retired list. He has been a justice of the peace, and a commissioner under the Act for the better preservation of the peace on public works since 1884. He was appointed on the engineering staff of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway in 1847 (afterwards the Grand Trunk Railway), under C. S. Gzowski, chief engineer, and remained upon it till its completion, after which he was appointed resident engineer of a division. In 1857, Mr. Abbott took a contract in connection with Cortland & Freer, for the maintenance of way of 150 miles of the Grand Trunk Railway, and on the expiry of this contract, the firm of Abbott & Freer leased the Riviere du Loup section of that railway, which they opened and ran successfully for one year. They then took charge of the Carillon and Gren- ville Railway, in which they had a large in- terest, and remained in charge of the same till its purchase by the Ottawa River Navi- gation Company. In 1864, he was appointed managing director and chief engineer of the Brookville and Ottawa Railway, and in 1872 built the Carleton Place and Ottawa Branch of the Canada Central Railway. He was then elected president of the Brockville and Ottawa Railway, and managing director of the Canada Central, and the Brockville and Ottawa railways, in which position he re- mained till 1873. In the following year he entered into a contract in conjunction with Duncan Macdonald, for the construction of the portion of the Occidental Railway be- tween Montreal and Ottawa, and built a portion of that road, including the bridges across the Back River and Reviere du Chene. In 1876, he organized the Eastern Extension Railway Company, and under- took the construction of the line, and was appointed engineer and manager of con- struction. In 1877, he was re-appointed managing director of the B. and O. and C. C. railways, and remained in that posi- tion for one year, when he proceeded to Nova Scotia and assumed charge as chief engineer and manager of the Eastern Exten- sion Railway, retaining this office until June 1882, when he was appointed manager of construction of the Sault Ste. Marie branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which he duly completed. He returned to Montreal in March, 1884, and received the appoint- ment of supervising engineer of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and in the following May, was appointed manager of construction of the main line of the Canadian Pacific Rail- from Sudbury West. He completed the divi- sion (about 200 miles) in May, 1885, and laid track upon seventy-five miles further. Mr. Abbott made all the arrangements, and had charge of the passage of the troops over this division in March and April, 1885, when the volunteers were on the march to the North- West. He was appointed general superin- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 741 tendent of the Canadian Pacific Railway in British Columbia in January, 1886. In politics, Mr. Abbott has always been a Con- servative, and he ran for the House of Com- mons in Brockville and Elizabethtown in 1872, but was defeated. In religion, he has always been an Episcopalian. He married Margaret Amelia, daughter of Judge Sicotte. His home has been in Brockville since 1864, and his family are now resided there. Carswell, Robert, Toronto, Law Bookseller, was born at Colborne, Ontario, on 19th July, 1838. His parents, Hugh Cars- well and Elizabeth Hanna, came from Glas- gow in 1833. His mother died soon after his birth, and his father two years later, leaving behind three sons and one daughter, of which the subject of this sketch, and his sister, now living in St. Louis, Mo., only remain. Robert was indentured by his father to Henry Frint, living two miles east of Colborne, where he remained until after Mr. Frint's death, ten years later. Mr. Frint was a pioneer, who passed away in 1850, at about seventy-five years of age. He came with his parents from Germany at an early age, when there were no settlements between Cobourg and the river Trent. He used to tell of the hardships of his early days, when wheat had to be taken ten miles to a mill to be ground, and when the best mode of travel was in streams in a canoe dug out of a log. He built the first flour mill west of the Trent, and he also built other flour and saw mills, and at the time of his death owned a large property in mills and several hundred acres of land. Mr. Frint married twice, but had no children. He, however, adopted nine orphans. He dealt generously by all, giving to each boy, as he reached twenty-one years, fifty acres of land, and in his will he remembered each one with, at least, two hundred dollars. He was a man of good judgment in business, though illiterate. His word passed as suffi- cient in all dealings. He worked hard, un- til advanced in years, and then he spent much of his time in the house, trying to devise inventions, one to make a vessel sail against the wind, another to cause perpetual motion, &c. He was temperate in his habits, though he daily took his morning and even- ing dram, never exceeding a wine glass full. He read the Bible, but could not believe it, particularly the early part of Genesis ; and Cain's going out and finding a wife, seemed absurd to him, as also the tales about Samson and David. He did not believe the earth revolved because his mill pond never spilled out in the night. These characteris- tics caused the neighbours to say that he never could be saved, and so when he died, the minister did not send him to heaven. He made no intimate friends, and there were but few at his bedside when he died. He benefited others, and seemed satisfied with small returns for his kindness. He whose tender mercies are over all His works has a means of bringing out whatever of genuine good there was in a life, which measured by church creeds would be condem- ned, but regarded by deeds appeared to man- ifest in a high degree the love of his neigh- bour. Robert Carswell made the best use of his time when allowed to attend the com- mon schools, and qualified for teacher at the Grammar school in Brighton, and at the age of seventeen commenced teaching. After teaching two years he entered at its opening the then Belleville Seminary, where he re- mained about two years, six months of which he was English teacher, and member of its faculty. Then he went to Middletown, Connecticut, U. S., to enter the Wesleyan University, and continued there two years, in which he passed the examinations re- quired up to the third year. At this time his finances gave out. His entire course in education was attended with difficulty having only enough money to get along by the most rigid economy, and availing him- self of every opportunity to earn something. The last year he sold books to the students. The studies pursued were those assigned in the usual arts course. He was at this time an earnest member of the Methodist Episco- pal church, and had made his home with the Rev. S.W. LaDu, since he began teach- ing. At college he joined a secret society, the " Alpha Delta Phi " for mutual benefit, and attended its meetings regularly, enter- ing heartily into them, but resolved after leaving college not again to join any society, nor pledge himself beyond what the church or Bible directs, thus retaining fully the right of judging for himself in all acts of charity or otherwise. Mr. Carswell com- menced business as agent for Appleton's Cyclopaedia in 1862, removing to Toronto two years afterwards. In this line he did not succeed, but was led into business with the lawyers soon after. Owing to entire lack of training and want of capital, he did not enter exclusively into his present busi- ness until 1872. He was the first to found in Canada an exclusive law book trade. When he commenced in 1872 there was probably not sold in Canada in one year the value of law books now sold by his house in one month. He has so conducted and 742 A CYCLOPEDIA OF guided his business that daily orders and communications are now received from every part of Canada, from Halifax to Vic- toria. The postage account of his house in one year will reach a thousand dollars, and travellers last year visited the chief villages, and all the towns, and all the cities in every province in the Dominion, as also the chief cities in the United States and Great Britain. It is a business the special growth of civilization. Owing to the multi- plicity of transactions in civil life, law books are required on almost every subject of business. By means of cheap postage a book can now be transmitted so cheaply to any part of Canada or the United States, that the expense is not felt, and banking facili- ties are so convenient that small accounts can be collected promptly, or money remit- ted. In 1877 he erected the Equity Cham- bers, the fine building, among the best in the city, on the corner of Adelaide and Vic- toria streets, and which is used chiefly for law offices. He has in connection with his business a law book bindery, in which are employed about twenty persons. He has made no travels as such, but has spent about three years in the United States, and has travelled throughout Canada and the north- ern states east of the Mississippi, and crossed the ocean to Great Britain ten times, and lived in Edinburgh, Scotland, four years. He left Canada early in 1879, not then in- tending to again return, and opened a law book business in Edinburgh, which is still carried on. Religion has had a hold on him from a very early period, and he joined the Methodist church at sixteen years of age, and from then until he was thirty-two he took an active part in all the prayer meetings, class meetings, Sunday-schools, revival meetings, and occasional camp meet- ings, that were held in that body in the vicinity in which he resided. He had con- siderable conversation with many of its ministers, studied carefully its doctrines, listened to its best preachers, and fully be- lieved that the Methodist church was the best, and good enough for anyone. About sixteen years ago, there began to be held services of the New Jerusalem (or Sweden- borgian) in Toronto, conducted by John Parker, a brass finisher. Mr. Parker fre- quently visited Mr. Carswell's place of busi- ness, sometimes calling in question certain tenets of Methodism, which he always suc- ceeded in easily placing at a disadvantage. Once he challenged Mr. Carswell to prove that Christians were better than heathens. The question at first was annoying, but he stated persons seldom changed the religion of their birth. If born Roman catholics, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Baptists or Methodists, such they lived and died with rare exceptions, and the same occurred with Mahommedans, Buhddists, &c., &c. In reply to an appeal to Methodist experimen- tal religion, he stated that no experience in the breast could equal that of the Spiritual- ist, who claims to bold intercourse with his departed ones,-such a one asserting that he enjoys actual intercourse with the spiri- tual world, and is enthusiastic over its bodily delights. Thus no one should judge of his religion from any warmth of feeling in his body. The learned heathen is quite as sanguine that his sacred books are as old and as holy as the Christian is of his Bible. The object Mr. Parker had in view in this conversation was the need of a higher per- ception of the truths of the Bible. He in- sisted that the Bible was written according to a fixed law, in which the literal sense was not so much to be attended to as its spiritual truths, which were now revealed, and that the truths of religion can be seen rationally and as clearly and positively known to be true as is any proposition in Euclid, and can be brought home to the conviction of any one who is willing to study in like manner, as mathematical truth to its students. Mr. Carswell having been frequently worsted by Mr. Parker without ever having on his part attacked that gentleman, finally to test his contentions for the Word of God, Mr. Cars- well put questions as follows .-You say in the Bible that a word in Genesis has the same meaning spiritually as in the New Tes- tament, and if so, what does the word " man " mean in the first chapter of Gene- sis ? Mr. Parker's answer was that God is the only man, but that the Lord is in the constant effort to make man, and he is made a man only so far as he receives from him love and wisdom. That is, man is a receptacle of love and wisdom, or their opposites. At this reply Mr. Carswell smiled, and asked what about memory, hatred, malice, &c., if man is only a recipient of love and wisdom ? Mr. Parker's retort was that memory was the store house of what wisdom required, and that hatred, malice and the like, were from the love of self, that is, if any one crossed another's love, hatred was the re- sult, and in fact, that all things in man's mind could be referred to love or wisdom, or their opposites. Finding himself likely again to come out second, Mr. Carswell turned to the New Testament and quoted " Take up thy bed and walk," and asked CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 743 what does " bed " mean there ? The reply was, "bed" means "doctrine." That is, if a man is a Methodist he rests in those doctrines and walks ; walking denotes to do his duties. To take up one's bed and walk, spiritually means to go in the discharge of one's daily duties according to his consci- ence. Mr. Carswell believing that Metho- dism had nothing to fear from investigation, and that the points made against it, and in favour of the New Jerusalem, were only be- cause taken by a skilful opponent, and that the same might be made against the New Jerusalem, requested some book to read that would give, in a compact form, the fundamental doctrines of the New Jerusa- lem. From that date Mr. Carswell began their study, hoping to find flaws, contradic- tions and absurdities in them, that would fully offset those taken against Methodism. During the first year he read about two thousand pages, but though he read much, at first, that he did not believe, he could not deny it. He has now been a diligent stu- dent of those doctrines for fifteen years, and has found them beyond all price. Though he found much he could not at first receive, he has since been satisfied that the fault was in his lack of knowledge. The Lord as his Creator, Saviour and Regenerator, has been greatly exalted in his conception as an infi- nitely loving Father, and his regard for all men more fully enhanced and all clearly seen to be his brethren. The chief doctrine is that God is one in essence and one in per- son, and that He assumed our humanity, and manifested himself as the Lord Jesus Christ. That in that humanity he conquered man's foes, delivering him from the then power of hell, and made it possible for man to return again to his heavenly Father. This is placed strongly against the popular doctrine that God is in three persons. For then the mind is unable to think otherwise of three persons than of three gods, which, as it is contrary to the Word, destroys in man in his first and highest plane of being all true conceptions of God, and as the idea of God is the head of religion, what can be expected of a body on which is an insane head ? That Jesus is the only God, he himself testifies, when he says all power in Heaven and on earth is his ; and the Apos- tle says, in him Jesus dwells all the fulness of the Godhead bodily. If all, there is no room for another. There is a trinity in Jesus ; the Father being within him, and the Holy Spirit being sent by him. That is, when Jesus breathed on his disciples he said receive ye the Holy Spirit. Man is an image of this trinity, his soul answering to the Father, his body to the Son, and his ac- tivities or sphere to the Holy Spirit. That is, there is a trinity in man, but he is only one person, so God is one in person and one in essence. The revelation of the spiritual truths of the Bible within its literal sense constitutes the Lord's second coming, and we are now living in the new age when all things are to become new. Mr. Carswell's whole ambition is to do what he can to bring to the free examination of his fellowmen these glorious truths ;-free examination, because what a man does not receive willing- ly does not remain in him, but may be the means of great injury to him hereafter. Only what a man really loves abides in him after he leaves the body. Death unveils the man, but does not change him more than a night's rest. Vincent, Joseph Louis, Montreal, was born at Longueuil, opposite Montreal, on the 19th March, 1835. His father, An- toine Vincent, a farmer of Longueuil, and his mother, Melanie Cerfe, both sprung from ancient French families, who settled in the county about 1750. The Vincent family is still very numerous in Longueuil and different parts of the province. After having passed through the usual grades of the elementary school in his native vil- lage, he entered upon the course of the Longueuil Model School, where he acquired sufficient knowledge to fit him for mechani- cal pursuits, in which he subsequently showed great proficiency, having conducted for a number of years, in partnership with other gentlemen, a large iron foundry at Longueuil. Shortly after confederation, M. Vincent turned his attention to the pub- lic service, and was appointed to a position in the Inland Revenue at Montreal, on the 1st August, 1867. Having successfully passed the first-class and special class exami- nations prescribed by that department, his qualifications soon attracted the attention of his superiors, who promoted him to the deputy collectorship in July, 1877. The position of collector becoming vacant, he was in May, 1879, advanced to that office,which he now holds, and the duties of which he fills to the satisfaction of his department and the public generally. M. Vincent's promotion was entirely due to his merits- his special knowledge, activity, and atten- tion to every detail of duty. Nor were these qualifications reserved only for his de- partment. He found time and occasion to serve his native municipality. On the 16th July, 1867, he was elected school commis- 744 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF sioner for the village of Longueuil, an office to which he was re-elected on the 13th July, 1877, and which he still continues to fill with such acceptance that he was elected president of the school commissioners in July, 1880, an honour which he yet enjoys. He has been treasurer and, later, president of the Benevolent Society of St. Antoine de Longueuil, and is at present treasurer of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of the same locality. Furthermore, M. Vincent has rendered valuable public service to his na- tive town, having been elected municipal councillor in 1876, and again in 1878. It was during this interval that the Longueuil water works were constructed, and Council- lor Vincent was chosen chairman of the com- mittee, where his practical knowledge and business aptitudes proved of great assist- ance, and he was present at the inaugura- tion of this important work in October, 1877. The reward for all these services was reached in 1880, when M. Vincent was elect- ed mayor of the town of Longueuil. The increasing duties of his office as collector of Inland Revenue did not allow him, how- ever, to occupy the civic chair more than one year. Like most French-Canadians, M. Vincent was born and bred a Roman catholic. On the 9th November, 1858, he married Philomene, daughter of Narcisse Bissonette and Therese Theroux. The fruit of this union was fifteen children, four of whom died in tender age. The eldest son, Louis Napoleon, died in his eighteenth year ; and the third, Phileas Antoine, was cut off at the age of twenty-two, after having obtained his diploma as civil engineer at the hands of the Hon. G. Ouimet, superinten- dent of Public Instruction. He had followed the course of the Polytechnic of Montreal. Nine children are now living-three daugh- ters and six sons. Preston, Robert H., M.D., New- boro', M.P.P. for South Leeds, was born in the township of Bastard, Leeds, Ontario, on the 15th March, 1840. He is a son of Anthony and Margery (Lang) Preston, his mother being a daughter of the late Major Lang, an officer in His Majesty's service in the yeomanry of Ireland during the rebel- lion there of 1798. Major Lang came to this country about the year 1820, and set- tled in the County of Leeds as a farmer, where he died in 1854. Anthony Pres- ton was born in the County of Mayo, Ireland, and came to Canada about 1820, and settled in the township of Bastard, Leeds, where he began farming, in which employment he continued until bis death, in 1876. He had been married twice, first to Miss Hannah, who died about 1833, leaving one son. During Mr. Preston's lifetime he was prominently before the pub- lic of his own county, and was one of her Majesty's justices of the peace. R. H. Preston, the subject of this sketch, was the second son of the second marriage, and re- ceived a thorough education, first at the common schools, and afterwards at the Smiths Falls Grammar school. In 1859, he concluded to study medicine, and attended first the Ann Arbor Medical College, Michigan, and graduated therefrom with the degree of M.D. in 1862. He then went to New York, and attended one session in Bellevue College, when he again returned to Canada, and entered the medical depart- ment of Queen's College, Kingston, gradu- ating in the spring of 1864, and obtaining a licence from the governor-general to prac- tice medicine in Ontario. He soon after- wards located, and began practice, in the village of Newboro', on the Rideau canal, where he has resided ever since. He has established a large and lucrative practice there, and as a surgeon is known as one of the most successful in that part of Canada. In 1868, he was appointed coroner for the united counties of Leeds and Grenville, which office he held until his first election to the legislature, in 1875, when he re- signed. In the same year he contested the South Riding of Leeds in the Conservative interest, against the late Reuben Fields, Reformer, defeating him by a majority of 340 votes. In 1883, Dr. Preston contested the same riding against W. H. Fredenburgh, defeating him by a majority of 287 votes. Dr. Preston is president of the Brockville, Westport and Sault Ste. Marie Railway, which road, we may say, came into exist- ence partly through the untiring exertions of Dr. Preston, who was one of the prime movers. The Dr. is a member of Freema- sons' lodge, No. 157, A.F. & A.M., G.R.C., and district deputy grand master of St. Lawrence district. He is also a member of the Orange order, and has been county master of North Leeds. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and is member of the Liberal-Conservative Union of Ontario. In religion he adheres to the Church of England, and is one of the delegates to the synod of the diocese of Ontario. He mar- ried, in 1868, Elizabeth, second daughter of the late Benjamin Tett, who was at one time M.P.P. for the County of Leeds, and a member of the old Parliament of Canad a for the same county for many years. Dr. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 745 Preston has many estimable social qualities, and in professional and parliamentary life duty is to him above all other things. He has always taken a warm interest in agri- cultural matters, and is president of the North Crosby and Newboro' Agricultural Association. Upon the floor of the legisla- ture Dr. Preston speaks with the well-con- tained confidence of one who is master of the subject and the situation, and therefore always receives close and serious attention. Lusignan, J. Baptiste Alphonse, Ottawa, was born at Saint Denis, County of Saint Hyacinthe, Province of Quebec, on the 27th of September, 1843. He is a son of Jean Baptiste Lusignan, by his wife Onesime Masse, who died in 1872. She was of German descent by her father, and of Scotch descent by her mother. Jean Baptiste Lusignan comes from the historical family of that name. One of his ancestors, Jean Miel de Lusignan, emigrated to this country from the Province of Poitou, France, at the end of the 17th century, and was married at Boucherville, Province of Quebec, in 1699. Our subjects' grandfather, Antoine, was killed at the battle of Saint Denis, and there too his father, aged nineteen, fought by his side against the British troops in 1837, when the insurrection was suppressed. Our sub- jects' father fled to the United States, but soon after returned. He was the youngest but one of seven brothers. He became a merchant, and married in 1841. J. B. A. Lusignan is the eldest of eleven children, nine boys and two girls. Young Lusignan was educated at the College of Saint Hyacin- the, entering that college in 1852, when yet not nine years old. He went through a com- ple curriculum of classic studies, which ter- minated in 1859, he being then not quite sixteen. He studied divinity for three years at the Seminary of St. Hyacinthe, and at the Montreal Seminary. In 1867, he studied law under M. Fournier, now a judge of the Su- preme Court, and formerly a minister of the Mackenzie government ; afterwards under M. Papineau, now judge of the Superior Court, and finally under the late Joseph Doutre, Q.C., at Montreal. He was a pupil of the Laval University at Quebec in 1862-3. In 1863, he became assistant editor of the Tribune, Quebec, and of the Journal de Saint Hyacinthe. He took second and first-class certificates at the Quebec Military school in 1864. He wrote a pamphlet in 1864 against the management of that school, which had the effect of putting the French cadets on the same footing as the English, and secured to them equal consideration. In February, 1874, he became private secretary to Sir A. A. Dorion, minister of Justice, and in March to Hon. T. Fournier, minister of Inland Revenue. Later on in the summer of 1874, he became private secretary to the Hon. F. Geoffrion, minister of Inland Rev- enue. He is still in the same department, a second-class clerk. In 1864, he became first president of a legal society, called " Le Cercle Legal," with Mr., now the Hon. L. O. Taillon, attorney-general for Quebec, as vice-president at Montreal. From 1865 to 1868, he was one of the board of directors of the Institut Canadien of Montreal, act- ing in various capacities. He was assistant- editor of V Union Nationale in 1865 ; and in the same year editor-in-chief of Le Pays, the leading French organ of the Liberal party in Montreal, until 1868, when he resigned in order to be admitted to the bar. He was ad- mitted to the Lower Canada bar in Decem- ber, 1868, and practised in Saint Hyacinthe from that date to January 1874. He was Crown prosecutor at Aylmer, County of Ot- tawa, Province of Quebec, in July, 1878 ; was president of L' Institut Canadien Fran- §ais of Ottawa, in 1881, and declined re- election in 1882. He founded in the spring of 1885, the St. Lawrence Fishing Company, having its seat of operations on the Labrador coast, with Count de Puyjalon as manager, and of this, he, M. Lusignan, was one of the directors. He was also one of the founders and directors of the Stadacona Club, Ottawa, in 1883 ; president of the Convention Na- tionale, in connection with the celebration of the Saint Jean Baptiste festivity in June, 1885, at Ottawa. He was one of the invited speakers at the Congres National of the Saint Jean Baptiste Society, in Montreal in 1884, where he spoke on literary criticism. He was elected member of the Royal Society of Canada in May, 1885, to replace N. Bou- rassa, who had resigned, and was then ap- pointed secretary to the French (or 1st) section. He took an active part as speaker in over fifty Federal and Provincial elec- tions, from 1863 to 1878. He is a regular contributor to La Patrie (Montreal), and to the literary reviews. We may say that M. Lusignan signs all his articles. He pub- lished in 1872, a law book, which is a con- tinuation to Judge Ramsay's "Digest of Reported Cases" in Lower Canada. His- book extends from the end of 1862 to end of 1871, and contains 308 pages in 8vo. It has proved a decided financial success. He published in 1884, " Coups d'oeil et coups de plume, 342 pp. in 8vo. He published, in 1867, a pamphlet of 86 pp. against Con- 746 A CYCLOPEDIA OF federation, intituled : "La Confederation, couronnement de dix annees de mauvaise administration. " M. Lusignan is an honor- ary member of several literary societies, both in France and Canada, and also of benevolent and national societies and sporting clubs. He is a republican, favouring the indepen- dence of Canada in the near future. His travels have been confined to the Labrador coast, and he is now writing an account of his travels in La Patrie. He is a Roman catholic, but not bigoted, conceding the lib- erty of thought, of speech and of worship to every man. He married in June, 1869, Malvina, daughter of I. N. Melanqon, of Joliette, Province of Quebec, advocate. There are only two living children, both girls, by this union. Cantlie, James A., Montreal, was born at Clungrnore, in the parish of Mortlach, Banffshire, Scotland, on the 5th June, 1836. His father adopted agricultural pursuits, but the son chose for himself a commercial career, and commerce became the gainer by that choice. James A. Cantlie received an ordinary English education, and in the year 1854, was apprenticed to Patrick Collie, wholesale and retail dry goods merchant, Union street, Aberdeen, with whom he re- mained until the death of his employer in December, 1860. Four years of steady at- tention to business, and a deep interest in the pursuit he had chosen, placed Mr. Cant- lie at the head of the retail department. At the death of Mr. Collie the busiuess was purchased by Symon &Co., with whom Mr. Cantlie entered into another engagement, remaining, however, but a short period. A young man possessing the knowledge and experience of the dry goods business such as Mr. Cantlie by this time had attained, was not likely to be long idle, and shortly after leaving Symon & Co. he effected an engagement with Pratt & Keith, wincey manufacturers and wholesale and retail dry goods merchants, Aberdeen, with whom he remained until the spring of 1863, when an offer came across the Atlantic for his ser- vices. He lost no time in preparing to leave his native heather and home to repair to a far western country, more congenial to his advanced ideas, and in May, 1863, he landed in Montreal. On the 11th of the same month he entered the employment of William Stephen & Co., of that city. In the fall of 1863, after he had become somewhat accustomed to the habits and peculiarities of the Canadian people, he be- gan to travel for this firm, and continued ps one of their representatives on ' ' the road " until November, 1865, when, after acquir- ing a thorough knowledge of the country and its demands for English productions, he was deemed sufficiently qualified to visit the English markets on a purchasing tour, whither he made the first trip, as assistant buyer, in November, 1865. He continued to cross the Atlantic in this capacity at the different seasons until the business was sold out, in 1847, to the present firm of Robert- son, Linton & Co. He did not continue with the incoming firm, but accepted a posi- tion with George Stephen & Co., dealers in Canadian woollens, and continued to re- present them until 1869, when he entered into a co-partnership with Alexander Ewan and William Stephen, under the firm name of Cantlie, Ewan & Co. This partnership was not of long duration, Mr. Stephen retiring soon after its formation ; but the title of the firm was continued by the two remaining partners. Mr. Cantlie was always a zealous worker in anything belonging to the personality of the commercial travellers. He identified himself closely at all times with the fraternity, and was elected one of the first officers of the Toronto association without his knowledge, showing how highly his executive services were valued by his fellow travellers. He was also elected presi- dent of the Dominion Commercial Travel- lers' Association, of Montreal, in 1880, and re-elected president by acclamation, in 1881, and to him is due, together with his brother officers of that association, the persistent fighting against the outrageous commercial traveller's tax in New Brunswick and Que- bec, and the carrying of the case, with re- gard to the former, to the Supreme Court at Ottawa, winning for the association a great victory, and wiping out for ever a barbarous law. Mr. Cantlie's object is to make the Commercial Travellers Association of a benevolent character, whereby assist- ance can be rendered in time of need, and it is gratifying to know that they have ample means at their command. Dawson, John Edward, London, Ontario, Assistant Superintendent of the Grand Trunk Railway and the GreatWestern Railway, was born on the 20th of February, 1841, in the County of Carlow, Ireland. He is the third son of the Rev. George B. Daw- son, M.A., rector of Aghade, and brother of Major G. D. Dawson, of the Grenadiers, late of Her Majesty's 47th Regiment. His mother was a sister of Lieutenant-General Sir Dudley Hill, K.C.B., who died when in command of a division in India, under Lord Napier. Mr. Dawson received his education CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 747 by private tuition, and at Kilkenny College. Having a strong inclination and natural talent for railroading, he entered the service of the London and North-Western Railway, at Smithwick, where he remained for two years before coming to Canada. He arrived here in 1860, and his efficiency and experi- ence being well known in railroad circles, he easily obtained a position in the audit office of the Grand Trunk Railway Co., Montreal, remaining there for one year. Thence he removed to Windsor, to take a position on the Great Western Railroad Co. He has been with this company ever since, having occupied various positions of high trust and responsibility. In 1866, he was station master at Niagara Falls, and was sent by Mr. Swynard to Fort Erie, where he had full charge of all the military transport during the Fenian raid. In 1872, he was sent by W. R. Muir, the then general manager of the Great Western Railway, to organize the Loop Line of the Great Western Railway from Glencoe to Fort Erie, and upon that occasion personally superintended and or- ganized the whole of the staff. Mr. Daw- son is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, in which society he takes an active part. He has travelled over the whole of the United States as well as Can- ada, and has visited all the great railway centres on the continent. Being far seeing, and indefatigable in his exertions for the company, and in seeking to accommodate the public, he enjoys a large share of popu- larity. Mr.Dawson is an English churchman, and a sincere and worthy Christian gentle- man. He married on the 20th of May, 1862, Jane, daughter of Dr. J. Lougheed, of Sligo, Ireland, a most estimable wife and mother. The issue of the marriage is a son and daugh- ter. Since Mr. Dawson joined the service of the Great Western Railway, he has been presented on three occasions with illumi- nated addresses and valuable gifts by the employes of the line. Hilton, Francis Andrew, Trenton, was born at Perrytown, August 28, 1859. His father was the Rev. John Hilton, rec- tor of St. Anne's, Toronto, who came to this country with his father (our subject's grand- father) in 1845. He settled in Toronto, the grandfather taking up land there. His fa- ther died in 1872. They had the disadvan- tages and hardships inseparable from pio- neer life at this period in Canada, but the family nobly wrestled with the difficulties, and triumphed. It is to that class our sub- ject belongs, and of which Susannah L. Moodie writes with so much feeling in her charming book, " Roughing it in the Bush." Young Hilton was educated at Upper Canada College and Trinity College School, which institution he left at fifteen years of age. At his father's death he went into a law office for temporary occupation, and he afterwards decided to make law his profession, and studied with A. P. Poussette, in Peterborough. He worked hard and persistently, and was called to the bar in 1882. He then moved to Trenton, and entered into partnership with Mr. For- bes, the firm being styled Forbes & Hilton. Since that date this firm has been successful in business, which, from the ability and close occupation of the gentlemen compris- ing it, is steadily increasing. He has tra- velled through the States and Canada. He is a strong supporter of the Church of Eng- land, and is a Conservative ; and he firmly believes that the principles propounded by the party of which Sir John A. Macdonald is head, are best for the country's welfare, and must remain triumphant. Mr. Hil- ton is an Oddfellow, and takes an active in- terest in the society. He is extremely popular in Trenton, every one having the warmest and most appreciable word when his name is spoken. It might not be too much to predict for him some day a high place in his country. Mr. Hilton is not yet married. Minnes, James, is one of the most successful business men of Kingston, and the firm of which he is the head is the largest wholesale dry goods house between Montreal and Toronto, and the volume of its business will compare favourably with that of the larger houses of either of the cities menti- oned. Mr. Minnes is a man of conspicuous energy, of commanding presence, and affa- ble and kindly manner. In the ordinary course of business, he has visited the prin- cipal markets of Europe, and the leading cities of the United States. Like most of our prominent Canadians, he has been connected with the militia service of Canada. He became a member of the 14th battalion in 1855, retiring in 1866, with the rank of captain. In 1851, he first entered the retail business ; became a partner in the same in 1864, under the firm name, Macnee & Wad- del, now Macnee & Minnes, and entered upon wholesale operations in 1870. Mr. Minnes has connexion with several import- ant commercial enterprises ; he is vice- president of the Kingston Cotton Mill, and president of the Kingston Hosiery Co. He married a daughter of Captain Taylor, of Kingston, and is in religion a Presbyterian. 748 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Brown, John Gordon, Toronto, was born in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scot- land, on the 16th November, 1827, being the junior of his brother George, by some six years. [For his parentage, see sketch of his brother, the Hon. George Brown, in these pages.] He received his education partly in Edinburgh and partly in New York, to which latter city he came with his parents in his eleventh year. Five years later he moved to Toronto, where he has resided almost constantly since. On going to Toronto, he connected himself with the Globe newspaper, at that time the mouth- piece of the more vigorous and progressive portion of the Reform party of Canada West. Mr. Brown edited the Quebec Gazette for about the space of a year, and from time to time he has travelled much through Europe. In 1851, he visited the Great International Exhibition in London, contributing a comprehensive and interest- ing series of descriptive letters to his news- paper. From the time of his return home, the editorial management of the Globe was mainly under his control, for the Hon. George Brown, for many years before his death, concerned himself very little with the details of editorial management, devot- ing himself almost altogether to the com- mercial department, and political matters not directly connected with the newspaper. " It was," says an authority lying before us, " Mr. Gordon Brown's close and prac- tical supervision and forcible pen which, during these years, maintained and extended the well-won prestige of the Globe. When his brother fell by the hand of a murderer, many people who were in ignorance of the real relation in which Mr. Gordon Brown stood to the journal, expected a marked falling off in vigour and interest ; but as time wore on it became plainly evident that its old-time reputation was destined to be fully sustained by his formal elevation to the position he had long virtually occupied." Mr. Brown was eminently a journalist of enterprise and of originality, and when the complete management of the Globe passed into his hands, it attained a position as the purveyor of news which it had never ap- proached before. Me. Brown is a man of quick insight, and has a decided faculty for "sizing up" men, and in the selection of his staff he saw almost at a glance in what way a man could be most useful to him. As a writer, Mr. Brown's style was swift, direct and vibrating, and there were always present in his contributions evidence of sincerity and marked strength. He fre- quently dictated an editorial to his aman- uensis as he paced up and down the floor of his office, and the sentence once uttered, there was little changing or tinkering with it afterwards. But it was only upon im- portant occasions that Mr. Brown himself did this, and you could easily find in the Globe the articles that were his, from the fine ringing and rousing tone which they exhibit. But Mr. Brown was not destined to remain long at the head of the Globe. The lesser kind of politicians and other ad- venturers were desirous of using the paper for the promotion of their own ends, but Mr. Brown was a man of too strong an in- dividuality and too high a sense of duty to permit anything of the sort to happen. The rest is known. One and all conspired against him, and he withdrew from the Globe. His secession from the journalistic field is an enormous loss, and his place cannot easily be filled. He was soon afterwards appointed registrar of the Surrogate Court of Toronto, and in this office still continues. Dingwall, James, Cornwall, was born at Meadow Bay, on the road to Cornwa'l, Canada West, on the 8th May, 1840. His paternal grandfather, James Dingwall, was a U. E. loyalist, and he was born about the middle of the eighteenth century, in Strath- spey, Scotland. While still a young man he and an elder brother, John, (grandfather of Judge Drew, of Guelph,) emigrated to America, and settled in the valley of the Mohawk, near Albany. At the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, each of the two brothers owned and lived upon comfortable and valuable homesteads in that pleasant and fertile valley. They both having re- fused to join the revolutionists, were then given to understand that if they remained quiet on their farms they would not be mo- lested ; but they declined, and were active and open in their sympathy and aid to the loyalists. In revenge, the revolutionists (or continentals) drove away their cattle. Later James Dingwall was imprisoned, and with several others had to "run the gauntlet," that is, to make a dash for one's life between two rows of Indians armed with withes or rods, and past an Indian armed with a toma- hawk at the exit between the two files of Indians. Each was only to strike the per- son running when opposite him, and must not strike in front. Subsequently James Dingwall, continuing his hostdity to the re- volutionists and his aid to the loyalists, was imprisoned, and with others condemned to be executed. The night before the day fix- ed for the execution they broke through the CA NADIA N BIO GRA PH Y. 749 roof of their prison, and escaped by tearing their bed clothes into strips and knotting them into ropes. Finally, James Dingwall and his brother, after enduring many hard- ships, reached Canada with Sir William Johnston's band of patriots about 1784, and settled upon the first settled farm on the south side of the river Raisin, between Lan- caster and Williamstown, and this home- stead of 300 acres is still owned by his grandson. He was a man of great stature, (6 feet 2 or 3 inches) and of powerful frame and physique, and a man of strong charac- ter and great determination. He is buried in the Presbyterian graveyard at Williams- town, and it is recorded upon his tombstone that " he fought and suffered for his king and country." His grandson deems it a happy circumstance that he may be said to have bled for his country, considering how many in these degenerate days ask their country to bleed for them. James Ding- wall married Catherine Ferguson, daughter of Alexander Ferguson, another U. E. loy- alist. This Alexander Ferguson died in October, 1785, and was buried in the Pres- byterian graveyard on the shore of Lake St. Francis, in the village of Lancaster, where his tombstone with this date can still be seen. This Lancaster graveyard is the oldest in eastern Ontario, and there is only one tombstone in it of an earlier date, namely, that of Mr. McKenzie, (great- grandfather of the late James Bethune, Q. C.) which records that he died in June, 1785. Alexander Ferguson's homestead of 200 acres, a mile west of Lancaster village, and upon Lake St. Francis, is still owned by his descendants. By Catherine Ferguson James Dingwall had fourteen children, the youngest of whom, named Malcolm, was the father of our subject. Malcolm Dingwall was born in 1812. In 1837 he went with his fellow Glengarrians to St. Phillippe and other places in Lower Canada to aid in sup- pressing the rebellion. In 1839 he married Anne McLennan, daughter of Roderick Mc- Lennan, of Lancaster, and eldest sister of Donald McLennan, late of Port Hope, hard- ware merchant ; of John McLennan, sheriff of the County of Victoria, and of James McLennan, Q.C., of Toronto. In the same year he settled upon a homestead of 240 acres in Meadow Bay, two miles west of Lancaster village, and on the road to Corn- wall, and here the subject of our sketch was born. Malcolm Dingwall was an elder in the Presbyterian church at Lancaster. He was an excellent English and Gaelic scholar, and took a deep interest in educational mat- ters. The homestead is still owned by a brother of James Dingwall. James Ding- wall's maternal grandfather, Roderick Mc- Lennan, was like his other ancestors, a man of strong and marked character. He was born in Scotland upwards of a century ago. About the beginning of the present century he emigrated with his father to Canada, and settled in the third concession of the town- ship of Lancaster, where his own and his father s homesteads are still owned and oc- cupied by descendants. He was the owner of several fine farms, and it is illustrative of his character that on one occasion, long be- fore our present railways were built-indeed before the old stage or mail waggons and sleighs were regularly run between Montreal and Toronto-he made a trip to Toronto, nearly 300 miles distant, to secure the title to one of his farms. On another occa- sion, a relative of the name of Mc- Leod, a Presbyterian clergyman, in South Carolina, died in that distant coun- try, and it was reported to his rela- tives in Canada that he had left them a large fortune to be looked after. This was about the year 1830, and Roderick McLennan made the journey to Carolina to enquire into the matter. We are to recollect that this was before the days of telegraphs or railways, or even steamboats. He was a man who took a keen interest in educating his family, and died at a good old age, universally respected. He married Mary McPherson, daughter of Alexander McPherson, of Lancaster, by whom he had a family of ten children, of whom our subject's mother was the eldest and James McLennan, Q. C., of Toronto', the youngest. James Dingwall, the sub- ject of this memoir, was the eldest of the family. He attended the Lancaster public school until his seventeenth year, and after- wards the Williamstown Grammar (High) school. In the autumn of 1858 he matricu- lated at Queen's College, Kingston, took a full arts course, and graduated B.A. " with honours in all the subjects," in the spring of 1861. The balance of 1861 and the year 1862 he spent in miscellaneous read- ing, and during 1863 he was head master of the Kemptville Grammar or High school. In the spring of 1864, Mr. Dingwall began the study of law, in the office of Mowat and McLennan, of Toronto, being articled to his uncle, James McLennan. He con- tinued four full years with Mr. McLennan, and was called to the bar in the spring of 1868. In October of the same year he entered into partnership with the late WiL 750 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF liam Ross, of Cornwall, barrister, who for many years previously had been the law partner of the late Hon. John Sandfield Mc- Donald. He remained in partnership with Mr. Ross until his death in December, 1882, since which time he has carried on a large law practice alone. When he went into partnership, Mr. Ross's business was insig- nificant, owing to his eyesight having failed him ; but to-day Mr. Dingwall's business is probably more profitable than that of any other lawyer in Cornwall. In Febru- ary, 1873, he was appointed county crown attorney and clerk of the peace for the united Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and he has now held the position longer than any of his predecessors. There are between 300 and 400 qualified justices of the peace in these united counties, and the work of the two offices of county crown attorney and clerk of the peace for a popu- lation of upwards of 70,000 is necessarily large and varied. Mr. Dingwall can claim that during the thirteen years he has held office he has made no mistake. He has never given an official opinion or advice that has been challenged. And he can claim that the policy he has pursued has had much to do with the noted absence of crime in these counties. Apart from his official position, his professional business has been very lucra- tive. Both the late Mr. Ross and himself prided themselves upon discouraging litiga- tion, except where absolutely necessary. It was said of Mr. Ross that he uniformly kill- ed more suits than all the other lawyers in the town brought. These two successful lawyers engaged largely in loaning money, and their influence was a valuable check up- on the operations of the loaning companies. For instance, Mr. Dingwall has in the eigh- teen years he has been in practice in Corn- wall, taken upwards of seven hundred mort- gages in his own name, and he has had oc- casion to take legal proceedings upon only three out of that number in that time. In the fall of 1879, he spent upwards of five weeks acting as counsel for the town of Cornwall before A. H. Dymond, appointed a special commissioner by the Ontario gov- ernment to enquire into the financial affairs of the town. The enquiry was one of the most exciting affairs that ever occurred in Cornwall. It led to the exposure of many scandalous transactions and effected a per- manent revolution for the better in munici- pal matters in the community. In 1882 and 1883, at great expense of time and work, Mr. Dingwall carried to a successful com- pletion a re-survey of the front half of the town. He did the whole work of getting up petitions and having them signed, hunt- ing up evidence, urging on the municipal council, &c., alone, and almost unaided by any one, and he had to overcome much un- scrupulous opposition. To realize what he effected it should be stated that the town is upwards of one hundred years old, that there was not a single old monument to be found, that people built their fences where they pleased, that many of the prin- cipal streets were encroached upon to the extent of five, seven, eight, ten, and even sixteen feet. This state of matters had become intolerable, but the citizens seemed helpless,-the leading men of the town hav- ing attempted to move in the matter and failed, and the late Andrew Hodge, when mayor, had D. R. Brown, P. L. surveyor, spend a week hunting for evidence of the original survey without result. Now the re-survey has been made and confirmed by act of the Provincial legislature, and the buildings that now encroach upon the streets, fences, &c., will in time be rebuilt on the proper lines. The re-survey is worth hun- dreds of thousands of dollars to the town, and an achievement for which Mr. Dingwall must be remembered in time to come, see- ing that the town will before long become an important city. In 1880 he was appoint- ed by the counties' council a trustee of the Cornwall High school, the object of his ap- pointment being to ferret out and put an end to certain improper financing of the then board, and he accomplished the object aimed at by the council, and has remained on the board ever since. When he became a member of the board, the attendance in the school was about forty ; now it is near one hundred, and the school is efficient and flourishing. Mainly owing to his persistent exertions, the counties' council have recent- ly built a handsome new county building at the court house, for offices for the court's officials, at a cost of about $15,000. In his official position Mr. Dingwall has had to act a principal part in many important cases. Mr. Dingwall takes a deep interest in gar- dening and forestry, and has invested a good deal of money in wooded lands, and derives a good deal of pleasure from his transplant- ing operations. Mr. Dingwall belongs to no secret society ; he abhors them. Good men, he admits, join such societies, intend- ing to act only with the other members in what is right, good, and benevolent; but he maintains that they are often led to back each other through thick and thin in what is wrong. He affirms that when CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 751 a man joins a secret society he ceases to be in a position to say as in the Lord's prayer ''lead us not into temptation." Mr. Dingwall is a Calvinist and a Presbyterian, and believes the Presbyterian form of church government is the model upon which the best political governments are and will be formed. It is that, he points out, of local bodies dealing with small and local mat- ters ; and of larger bodies dealing with larger and more general subjects. It is, therefore, he concludes, a philosophical system, and so will stand the test of time. In politics, Mr. Dingwall believes in the greatest good to the greatest number. He hates monopolies ; and believes in vested rights, if honestly and honourably acquired. He believes in being conservative of the good we possess, and would only make changes slowly and cautiously. At the same time he believes this wonderful age in which we live, calls for our being liberally progres- sive in all things. In his hatred of govern- mental corruption he would be called a rabid Grit. He does not believe in the hideous doctrine that a politician need necessarily be corrupt, affirming that it is only those who are corrupt themselves that preach such a doctrine. He is a Liberal by conviction. Apart from this he is by nature and by de- scent conservative. In 1878 he married Mary Hunter, by whom he has four child- ren. His wife is a younger daughter of John Hunter, an old and respected citizen of the town. Her mother was Christina Leitch, a sister of William Leitch, of the township of Cornwall, father of James Leitch, the present mayor of the town of Cornwall. Seargeant, Lewis James, Montreal, Vice-President of the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway Company, Traffic Manager of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, and director of companies affiliated with the Grand Trunk system, is an Englishman ; was born at Trowbridge, Wiltshire, and first came to America in 1874. Mr. Sear- geant's English railway career is associated with the largest of British railways, the Great Western, capital, £73,000,000 , length, 2,210 miles. His earliest experience of rail- way cpnstruction and management was de- rived in connection with the South Wales Railway, a Great Western affiliated line, semi-independent and operated by a joint committee. The South Wales Railway Com- pany promoted the development of Milford Haven, as a great international port, more particularly in connection with American commerce, in which result the sympathies of the late Mr. Brunel, their engineer, were largely engaged, and had in contemplation alternative plans for crossing the River Severn. One of these has recently been accomplished by the construction of a tun- nel, which is the greatest railway work of the age. On the amalgamation of the South Wales with the Great Western Railway Company, Mr. Seargeant was the recipient of a substantial douceur from the proprie- tors in recognition of his services, and the Great Western board appointed him super- intendent of the South Wales division. At that time the Earl of Shelburne, father of the Marquis of Lansdowne, the present gov- ernor-general of Canada, was chairman of the Great Western Company. Early further promotion followed, and under complimen- tary circumstances, which evidenced the appreciation of Lord Shelburne and Sir Daniel Gooch, the present Great Western chairman, to whom England and America are largely indebted for the Atlantic cable, Mr. Seargeant was appointed chief officer of the South Devon, and subsequently of the Cornwall and West Cornwall railways, which together constituted a compact system be- tween Exeter and Penzance. The South Devon had been the subject of experiments by Mr. Brunel, with the atmospheric sys- tem, and its fortunes were at this time at a low ebb. Upon Mr. Seargeant devolved the duties of general manager, secretary, and secretary of the joint committees of the Great Western, Bristol & Exeter, South Devon, and Cornwall companies. He was also the official representative of those in- terests before parliamentary committees. The success of Mr. Seargeant's management was evidenced by largely increased divi- dends. During this period he was offered the appointment of agent or chief officer of one of the largest Indian railway systems, a position from the delicate relations of the imperial and local governments and railway companies, requiring the experience of the character of that within Mr. Seargeant's functions. He declined the appointment at the request of the Great Western, and was further promoted. Towards the close of his English railway career he was, with representatives of the other companies con- cerned, engaged in framing an agreement for the division of traffic between the Great Western and London & South Western systems, at the numerous points where these large systems came into competition. Upon resignation of his several offices in England, Mr. Seargeant brought with him to this country evidences of the highest considera- 752 A CYCLOPEDIA OF tion and friendship, chief among which was an intrinsically valuable presentation from a large number of directors and officers of the companies with which he was connected, and of men serving under him. Mr. Sear- geant was the first appointed traffic manager on this continent. He represents the inter- ests of the Grand Trunk system in the trunk line executive, and other committee meet- ings at New York and Chicago, and has consistently advocated the division of com- petitive traffic on equitable principles, and the settlement of differences between rail- companies by arbitration. He is a cultured man, a good linguist, and has an imposing appearance. He has written many exhaus- tive arguments on the pool question, and we have before us a very able article on the English railway system, contributed by Mr. Seargeant to the Railway Review. He mar- ried Elizabeth Sedley Barnes, of London, England, sister of Dr. Robert Barnes, the celebrated physician. Baskerville, Patrick, M.P.P., Otta- wa, was born at Townland, Ballyrushen, Tipperary, Ireland, in November, 1833. He is a son of George Baskerville, by his wife, Mary McDonnell. His father was a son of Benjamin Baskerville, who was descended from an old Norman family which settled in Ireland about the time of William the Con- queror. The family records were, however, all destroyed by fire in 1858, and included a great deal of matter that would have been of interest to the public. George Basker- ville adopted the calling of a farmer in Ireland, but in 1847, he concluded to come to Canada. In the summer of that year he landed in Bytown, and shortly afterwards engaged in the trading and grocery business. In 1857, he engaged in the hotel business, but after the short term of six months, his premises were burned, and he lost, having no insurance, every article of household pro- perty. The family, not discouraged, started anew in life, and at the time of Mr. Basker- ville's death, he was in comfortable circum- stances. It was owing to the family's work- ing and unanimity that they survived the great loss referred to. Mr. Baskerville died in 1875, and Mrs. Baskerville in 1867. They had nine of a family, the subject of this sketch being the eldest son. Patrick Basker- ville received a common school education, and after coming to Canada, engaged in farming and lumbering for a few years. But in 1854 he received the appointment of freight clerk in the then Bytown and Pres- cott, now the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rail- way, which position he held for eight years, but not being satisfied with his avocation he commenced business for himself as a grocer and provision merchant. He contin- ued so occupied alone, until 1870, when he admitted as partners his brothers, George H., Wm. J., and John Baskerville, under the firm name and style of P. Baskerville & Bros., and this business they still con- tinue in the City of Ottawa. At the time of the Trent affair, our subject joined the volunteers, under Capt. Galaway. Mr. Baskerville is a life member of St. Patrick's Literary Society of Ottawa ; was for two years president of the St. Patrick's Society of Ottawa ; and was also for two years pres- ident of the Catholic Young Men's Society of the same city. In politics Mr. Basker- ville is a Liberal-Conservative. In 1879 he was elected to the legislature of Ontario, defeating an independent and reform candi- date by a majority of sixty votes, and he was again elected in 1882 by a majority of 640. Mr. Baskerville has been an extensive trav- eller, visiting the United States, Great Bri- tain, Ireland, and France, and the Paris Exposition in 1878. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. As a parliamentarian, Mr. Baskerville is industrious, and well-inform- ed, and he devotes his talents zealously to the interests of his constituency. In com- mercial life,as well as in the political sphere, he is far more than an ordinary man. He is unmarried. McGibbon, Duncan, Barrie, was born in the township of Nassagaweya, County of Halton, Ontario, on the 18th of October, 1841. He is a son of John and Isabella (McCallum) McGibbon, both of whom came from Perthshire, Scotland. John McGibbon was descended from ancient Scottish stock, his great-grandfather having fought at Cul- loden. Duncan McGibbon was educated in the common schools, and at an early age en- gaged in the occupation of school-teaching ; but this calling was not congenial to his tastes, and in 1866 he began the study of law in the office of Wm. Laidlaw, Toronto. He afterwards entered the office of Blain, Fer- guson & Co. ; and in 1871 was called to the bar of Ontario. In 1880 Mr. McGibbon joined the ancient order of United Work- men, and held the past-mastership in the same for a time, and in 1881 he was elected grand representative of the order. Mr. McGibbon is a steadfast Presbyterian ; and in politics he gives his allegiance to the party led by Sir John A. Macdonald. He married on the 31st May, 1871, Ann Perrit, of Grimsby, whose grandfather composed the famous " Midnight Gallop." CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 753 Darling, William, Montreal, deceased, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1819, and when he was in his twenty-first year, came to Canada, establishing himself shortly afterwards at Montreal, where so distin- guished and honourable a business career awaited him. His father having adopted commerce in Edinburgh, the son resolved to try his fortune in the same sphere of activity in our new country. He entered into the iron and hardware trade, and remained con- nected with the same till the time of his death, achieving a wide measure of success. Mr. Darling married Miss Davidson, of Edinburgh, and there were eight children by the union, two of whom died in infancy. Two girls grew to maturity, one of whom married Dr. G. W. Ross, of Montreal, and died suddenly, within a year of her marri- age, the other died unmarried. Four sons grew up with their father's business, and were associated with him as partners. Wil- liam and James remained in Montreal, An- drew and Thomas J. went to Toronto, and took charge of the business there, while Wil- liam Darling, the subject of this memoir, continued up to the time of his death a part- ner in both firms. He was the eldest brother of Henry W. Darling and Robert Darling, of Toronto, and of Thomas and Adam Darling, of Montreal. The business of the two houses which Mr. Darling controlled, reached every part of the several provinces, and while its style never changed, its methods of opera- tion always brought credit to the deceased founder for honourable and upright dealing. Since 1840, he has been constantly and pro- minently identified with the commercial and political interests of Montreal. For many years he was a member of the Council of the Board of Trade, and for several terms its president. When the Merchants Bank was in trouble several years ago, such was the confidence of his fellow business men in Mr. Darling's clear-sightedness, that he was called by unanimous voice of the sharehold- ers, to take part in the management of the bank. It was largely due to Mr. Darling's influence that George Hague was called to this bank, and the deceased merchant was thereafter Mr. Hague's right-hand man. In 1878, Mr. Darling was the Liberal candidate for Montreal West, when he was defeated by M. H. Gault. Mr. Darling was an inti- mate friend of the Hon. Alexander Mac- kenzie, Hon. Edward Blake, and the late Hon. L. H. Holton. On commercial law, his opinion was regarded as second to that of no lawyer in the Dominion, and he was largely concerned with Mr. Abbott in fram- ing the Insolvency Act that was repealed in 1879. He was selected by the Mac- kenzie government as commissioner to expropriate lands for the enlarged Lachine canal, and so well was his work appreciat- ed, that on the change of government Sir John Macdonald retained him in that posi- tion till his duties were completed. He died at his residence at Hochelaga, on the 18th of November, 1885, of inflammation of the lungs. The character of Mr. Darling was the very highest, and he was a man of splendid abilities. Modesty is often asso- ciated with men of the highest worth, and this was eminently so in the case of Mr. Darling, and as pointed out by a leading newspaper after his death, his shyness often kept him in the back ground, when his talents would have taken him to the front. At a meeting of the directors of the Merchants Bank of Canada, the following resolution was passed " That the directors of the Merchants Bank of Canada desire to place on record their deep sense of the loss the bank and mercantile community have sus- tained in the death of their late esteemed colleague, Mr. William Darling. His large experience and sound judgment were uni- formly used in the advancement of the inter- ests of the bank, and his assiduous attention to the many important matters brought be- fore the board greatly contributed to the position the bank now occupies in the com- munity. The directors beg to convey to the widow and family of the deceased, their sin- cere condolence on the loss they have sus- tained, and for the purpose of duly convey- ing to them this mark of appreciation and sympathy, direct that a copy of this minute, duly engrossed and signed, be forwarded by the president and general manager on be- half of the bank. Andrew Allan, president; G. Hague, general manager. " The Council of the Board of Trade of Montreal, passed the following: " Resolved-that the Council of the Montreal Board of Trade, fully recog- nizes the valuable and varied services so untiringly rendered to the commercial and trade interests of this city, by the late Wil- liam Darling, Esq., during the many years in which he served as a member of the coun- cil, and afterwards as president of the board, and the council now records its deep sense of the loss sustained by Montreal in his de- cease ; that a copy of this resolution be com- municated to the bereaved family, together with an expression of the sincere sympathy of the council. Permit me to say, that I personally share in the regrets of the council, and tender also my respectful condolence. I 754 A CYCLOPEDIA OF am, dear sir, yours sincerely, W. J. Patter- son, secretary; William Darling, Esq." Mr. Darling was often consulted by his brother merchants, and was frequently called as arbitrator between them, as well as for the government in disputes that would other- wise have been carried before the higher courts in the Dominion. He was much de- voted to farming and gardening, and these occupations he carried on to some extent at his residence, Bloomfield House, Hochelaga. Murray, Rev. James Alllster, pastor of St. Andrew's Church, London, Ontario, was born at Big Meadows, Roger Hill, County of Pictou, Nova Scotia. His father was a Scottish Highlander, from Sutherlandshire, and his mother a native of the parish of Humbie. His parents emi- grated from Edinburgh to Nova Scotia early in the present century. The subject of the present sketch was the youngest of twelve children, and was born in 1833. Mr. Murray had the claims of the Christian min- istry early impressed upon his mind by his parents, and his early education was directed accordingly. He studied for some three years at the Grammar school, in Tatama- gouche, under the able superintendence of the late John Currie, famous as an expert in teaching. Mr. Murray afterwards studied at the celebrated Pictou Academy, and after teaching at Salt Springs, Pictou county, for three years, entered the Presbyterian Col- lege at West River, Pictou, where he took a full course, and after an extra session at the Free Church College, Halifax, was licensed to preach, in 1857, by the Presby- tery of P. E. Island. Before entering on the ministry, he taught with success for three years the Grammar school in Upper Musquodoboit, County of Halifax. After labouring for a short time in the Home Mission field of Nova Scotia, he received, almost simultaneously, four calls to impor- tant charges, viz., Newport, Maitland, Eco- nomy, and Annapolis. Having referred decision as to acceptance of call to the Pres - byteryof Halifax, Mr. Murray was ordained pastor of the Presbyterian Church, in An- napolis Royal, in 1857. This is interesting from the fact of its being the origin of the Presbyterian congregation in that beautiful old town. After three years successful labour in his first charge, he accepted a call to the congregation of St. Luke's Church, Bathurst, N.B., in connection with the Church of Scotland. He subsequently re- moved to Ontario, and accepted a call to St. Andrew's Church, Mount Forest, from which he was called to St. Andrew's Church, Lindsay, and accepted the same. During his ministry in Lindsay, the great union of all the Presbyterian bodies in the Dominion took place, and being a strong advocate of union, he resigned his charge, in order to promote the union of the local congrega- tions. Within a short time he was called to St. Andrew's Church, Niagara Falls ; St. Andrew's, Hamilton, and St. Andrew's, London. He accepted the latter, which is one of the most eligible congregations in the Dominion. At this date (February, 1886), Mr. Murray has entered upon his eleventh year in the pastorate of this im- portant charge, and being in the prime of life, maintains his usefulness and popularity. Rev. Mr. Murray is regarded as a preacher of marked intellectual power, and one of the most eloquent, earnest, and successful ministers of the Presbyterian church. He is married to Georgiana, second daughter of the late William O. Smith, of St. John, N.B., by whom he has living three sons- William Odber Smith, Cyril Claud, and Clarence Herbert. Cliurcli, Levi Ruggles, Q. C., Mon- treal, was born at Aylmer, on the 26th May, 1836. He is descended from one of the oldest families in New England, his ances- tors having emigrated from the old country to the colony of Massachusetts, in the early part of the seventeenth century. One of these, Colonel Benjamin Church, distin- guished himself in the French and Indian wars in which the New England colonists were engaged, having commanded the volun- teer army, which, in a protracted kind of gue- rilla warfare, defeated and afterwards killed the celebrated Indian King, Philip, who had given so much trouble and alarm to the early settlers. At the breaking out of the revolutionary war, the Church family, re- spectable both in numbers and position, being Whigs, espoused the Republican cause, except two, who took up arms to de- fend the royal prerogative. One of these was killed in battle, and the other, J onathan Mills Church, was taken prisoner in 3777, by the American army, from whose custody he escaped and came to Canada, and ulti- mately settled in the neighborhood of Brock- viUe. He took an active part in defending Canada during the war of 1812-13-14, and died at a very advanced age in 1846. Our subject is the second son of the late Dr. Peter Howard Church, of Aylmer, P. Q.; and grandson of the above mentioned Jona- than Mills Church. Levi R. Church was educated at Victoria University, Cobourg. He graduated in medicine at the Albany CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 755 Medical College, and at McGill Univer- sity, where he took final and primary, thesis prizes. He studied law under the late Henry Stuart, Q.C., and subsequently under Edward Carter, Q. C., and was called to the bar, Lower Canada, in 1859. He was created a Q. C., 1874. He is president of the Pontiac Pacific Junction Ry. Co., and of the Upper Ottawa Towing and Steamboat Company, and a director of the Bank of Ottawa. He also served during twelve years as one of the governors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada ; was prosecuting attorney for the District of Ottawa from July, 1868, until the 22nd September, 1874, when he was appointed a member of the Executive Council of the province of Quebec, and was sworn in as attorney general, which office he continued to fill until transferred to the treasurership of the province, the 27th January, 1878. He negotiated, during his occupancy of the office of treasurer, a provincial loan in Eng- land for the purposes of constructing the provincial railways. He sat for the County of Ottawa from 1867 until 1871, when he re- tired, but on accepting office in 1874, was returned by acclamation for the County of Pontiac, and was re-elected by acclamation at the general election of 1876, and again in 1880, after a contest. He is a member of the law firm of Church, Chapleau, Hal], & Nicolls, Montreal. At the formation of the Chapleau administration, in 1882, he was offered his choice of either of the two offices previously held by him in the Provincial cabinet, but declined. In 1883, he was again offered the treasurership of the pro- vince, which he again declined, preferring the active practice of his profession. He married on September 3rd, 1850, Jane Erskine, daughter of William Bell, barris- ter, and niece of General Sir George Bell, K.C.B. Wilmot, Samuel, Newcastle, Ontario, is a Canadian by birth, but of English descent. He was born on the 22nd August, 1822, at his present residence, Belmont Farm, in the township of Clarke, County of West Durham, and Province of Ontario. He is the youngest of four sons, all living, of the late Major Samuel Street Wilmot, and Mary Wilmot, his wife, and grandson of Captain Samuel Wilmot, of the Loyal American regiment, a United Empire loy- alist, who at the close of the American revo- lution sacrificed his property, and emigrated to the Province of New Brunswick, to live under the British flag. Major Wilmot in his youth left his parental home in New Brunswick, to seek his fortune in the then wilds of Upper Canada, some time previous to the war of 1812 ; in which outbreak he was actively engaged, taking part in the battle of York, and other engagements, as colonel in command of a Canadian volun- teer regiment. In the early history of the county he represented the old Newcastle district division, in the Provincial Parlia- ment of Upper Canada. By profession he was a provincial land surveyor, and laid out many of the present townships in Ontario. He was selected by the government to in- spect and value crown and clergy lands. On his retirement from public life he con- tinued his farming operations on his proper- ty at Belmont Farm, in the township of Clarke, until his death in 1856, at the age of eighty-two years. He married in 1798 Mary, daughter of John Stegmann, former- ly an officer in the Prussian army, who came to Canada at the time of its early settle- ment, and practised as a provincial land surveyor. He was drowned, along with a number of the principal functionaries of the province, en route to Kingston, on import- ant public business, on a schooner off Pres- qu'isle, on Lake Ontario. Notan individ- ual on board or a vestige of the wreck was ever found. The Wilmot name is a familiar one in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Ontario. In the two former provinces, the family has for a long time held some of the highest public positions. The late Judge Wilmot, of Fredericton, N. B., formerly lieutenant-governor of that province, was first cousin to Samuel Wilmot, and the same relationship exists between the present Honourable R. D. Wilmot, formerly presi- dent of the Senate, and member of the Do- minion government, and now the immedi- ate ex-governor of New Brunswick. Samuel Wilmot, the subject of this notice, was edu- cated in his early youth at Upper Canada College, entering it when the institution was first established, where he obtained prizes for efficiency in classics and English studies. He held the rank of captain in the militia force of the province ; and at the time of the call for troops to quell impend- ing difficulties connected with the Trent affair, he volunteered his services with a company of seventy-five men, for immediate duty. They were soon disbanded, as the difficulties were quickly ended. In his early youth he was selected by youthful compan- ions to command a small troop of horsemen as a home guard, for the village of Napanee, during the rebellion of 1837-38, all the militia force having been called to the fort 756 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF at Kingston. This boyish troop, when on night duty, captured rebel teamsters in the act of carrying arms and amunition from the neighbourhood of Belleville to their confederates, who had planned an attack on Kingston. In acknowledgment, these young troopers were presented with a ban- ner, bearing the motto, sans peur et sans reproche. Mr. Wilmot has taken no incon- siderable part in municipal and other public affairs of the country. He has held the office of justice of the peace for upwards of thirty years,and he has been prominent in his na- tive township, being elected by acclamation for many years, as reeve, or executive head of the municipality. He has also held the reeveship of the village of Newcastle, and has represented both of these municipalities in the counties council of the united Coun- ties of Northumberland and Durham, by which body he was elected to fill the war- den's chair. He has been practically en- gaged in farming operations from his youth to the present time, at his residence Bel- mont Farm, and has had a life-long connec- tion with agricultural bodies, holding the office of president, or director, of the town- ship of Clarke and Durham Agricultural Societies from time to time, for upwards of thirty years. He was elected a member of the Agricultural and Arts Association of Ontario, for two consecutive terms, of three years each, by the several county agricul- tural societies, comprised within the limits of the Newcastle district division. He was elected president of the Provincial Associa- tion in 1879 ; and presided over the first Dominion Exposition of Agriculture, Arts and Manufactures for Canada, which was held at Ottawa in 1879, under the immedi- ate patronage of His Excellency the Mar- quis of Lome, and Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise. On retiring from the presidency of this board, he was presented with a gold medal as a souvenir, by the unanimous voice of his associates in the council. While taking a prominent part in agricultural and other pursuits, Mr. Wil- mot's attention, of late years, has been more particularly devoted to the science of aqua- culture, and the artificial breeding of fish, in which experiments he has been more than ordinarily successful, and has earned for him- self well merited repute throughout Cana- da and in the United States, and also in parts of Europe. From a very small begin- ning, which originated with himself as an amateur, in his private residence at Bel- mont Farm, the science of artificial fish culture, through his personal enterprise and official zeal, has become an established governmental industry throughout Canada His earliest exertions were acknowledged in 1873, by the Society d'Acclimatation de France, by the presentation of a silver medal, transmitted through the French government, for his efficient services ren- dered in that department of practical science, and by obtaining the gold medal for excellence in piscicultural exhibits, awarded by the Dominion Exposition of Ag- riculture and Arts at Ottawa in 1879. In connection with this undertaking, Mr. Wil- mot holds the office of superintendent of fish cultural operations for Canada, under the Dominion government, and by his ex- ertions the work is now extensively ap- plied to all the provinces of the Dominion, except Manitoba, and forms no inconsider- able branch of the Fisheries department of Canada, in the practical working of twelve separate fish-breeding establishments of large capacity. The hatchery in British Columbia, on the Pacific coast, and nine others in the Maritime provinces, bordering on the Atlantic, are almost exclusively used for the breeding of salt water salmon (salmo salar). But in the Province of Ontario at Newcastle and Sandwich, where the other two nurseries are located, the leading com- mercial fishes of the great lakes, salmon trout and whitefish, are principally reared. During the season of 1885, upwards of one hundred and ten millions of fish eggs were deposited in the hatching troughs of these nurseries ; ninety-five milions of these were at Newcastle and Sandwich ; and the total output of young fish into the waters of the country from these hatcheries, now reaches in round numbers, upwards of three hun- dred and ninety-three millions of the most valuable species of Canadian fishes-ninety per cent, of which could not have been brought into existence were it not for the artificial means thus adopted, as the ova from which these young fish were bred, would otherwise have been cast away as offal. Mr. Wilmot took an active part in the great International Fisheries Exhibition in London in 1883. In July, 1882, he was directed by the government to collect a comprehensive exhibit of the fishery pro- ducts of the Dominion, to form the Canadi- an branch of the World's Fishery Exposi- tion to open in May, 1883. He was after- wards appointed chairman of the executive commission in charge of the Canadian ex- hibit in London, where his untiring efforts were unceasingly put forth to give promin- ence, and ultimate success, to his native CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 757 country, by a satisfactory arrangement and intelligent exhibit of Canadian fishes and fishery appliances generally. Mr. Wilmot is a Protestant, and a member of the Church of England, following the instincts of his father, the late Samuel Street Wilmot, who built at his own expense the first Episco- pal church in the rectory of Clarke, dona- ting it with a glebe of fifteen acres of land from his farm to the diocese of Toronto. Mr. Wilmot was married in June, 1872, to Helen Matilda, daughter of the late Charles Clark, of Cobourg, and sister to George M. Clark, judge of the united Counties of Nor- thumberland and Durham. The issue of this marriage is four sons and three daugh- ters, all of whom are now living. Morin, James, Lieut-Colonel, Ridge- way, Ontario, M. P.P. for Welland, was born in the County of Limerick, Ireland, on the 10th May, 1849. He is a son of Michael and Ellen (Nash) Morin. His father adopted the business of a waggon-maker, and came to Canada in 1851, settling at Port Robinson, Welland county, where he engaged in the work of carpentering. He died in the fol- lowing year, leaving seven of a family, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. Lieutenant-Colonel J. Morin received his early educational instructions in the common schools, and completed his studies at the Commercial college of Buffalo. He left school at fourteen, and began to learn the trade of carpenter, under E. Cutler, of Ridgeway, and. continued at this occupation about a year, when Mr. Cutler opened a general store, and Mr. Morin relinquished work and entered into the mercantile busi- ness. In 1865 he was appointed manager ■of the firm, and this position he still holds. We may say that the business has increased very greatly. Mr. Cutler en- gaging in large rolling mills operations and in building and contracting. The sole man- agement of all this enormous undertaking is in the hands of the subject of this sketch, Mr. Morin joined the militia in 1867, the 44th battalion in 1868, and entered the Military school at Toronto. Here he ob- tained a second-class certificate, and in Sep- tember of the same year was gazetted cap- tain of No. 7 company. Again in 1872 he attended the Military school at Toronto, and obtained a first-class certificate. In June, 1872, he was appointed major of the 44th battalion, and in June, 1877, was promoted lieutenant-colonel. In May, 1870, Captain Morin saw active service, being commander of the detachment stationed at Fort Erie, during the Pigeon Hill affair. He is now in command of the 44th. In 1871 he was ap- pointed township clerk of Bertie, Welland, and still holds that office. In 1877 he was appointed a justice of the peace, and was also license commissioner for six years in the same county. He has been chairman of the Ridgeway school board for six years, taking much interest in educational work. In 1883 Colonel Morin was elected to the Ontario legislature for the County of Wel- land, defeating George L. Hobson, the Con- servative candidate, by a majority of fifty - five votes, the riding having been formerly conservative. He always has been an un- flinching Reformer, and. is eminently a man of progress, of energy, and of general ability. As to his religious belief, he was brought up in the Roman catholic faith. He married in September, 1870, Janet A., daughter of Alexander Wilson, a descen- dant of a U. E. loyalist. There have been by this marriage a family of five children. Whyte, William, Montreal, General Superintendent of the combined Eastern and Ontario divisions of the Canada Pacific Railway, was born at Charlestown, in Fife- shire, Scotland, in September, 1843. He was educated at the schools of his native place. At the age of eighteen he entered the service of the North British Railway Company, remaining as a clerk in the same till 1863. In the last named year he came to Canada, and upon his arrival joined the Grand Trunk Railway service, receiving the appointment of freight clerk at Cobourg, Ontario. In May he was transferred to the freight office at Montreal, occupying a simi- lar position till the early part of 1867, when he became freight foreman of the sheds. He was afterwards appointed yardmaster in the Toronto yard ; and in 1870 was promoted to the night station agency at Montreal. About a year later it was announced to him that he had received the appointment of freight and station agent at Stratford. Dur- ing the time that he held charge at the latter point, a change was made from the old broad to the standard gauge, and for a full year every passenger and way car load of freight had to be transferred at Stratford, entailing an enormous amount of additional labour and trouble on both Mr. Whyte and his staff. But his plans were so well laid, and promptly carried out, that little delay- and no blockade-was occasioned by the change. In 1874 he was moved to London, where he held a similar position till Janu- ary, 1881. He was then ordered to Toronto, to take the entire charge of the important freight offices and sheds at that city. In 758 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF November of the same year the company acknowledged his services by appointing him assistant-superintendent of the Central divi- sion from Kingston west to Stratford, in- cluding the Galt and Waterloo branches. After remaining in that position for about a year and a half, he severed his connection with the Grand Trunk, and accepted the position of general superintendent of the Credit Valley Railway (May 1883), on the resignation of James Ross. Following this appointment soon came that to the management of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce, which in September of the same year became a part of the Ontario and Que- bec system, and was afterwards designated the Ontario division of the Canadian Pacific. When the Ontario and Quebec road was completed in August of 1884, its manage- ment likewise fell under the control of Mr. Whyte. What his administration has been since his elevation to this important office is very well known. Corporations, it has been well said, are bodies without souls, and they are not in the habit of promoting a man out of feelings of sentiment or of friendship. But corporations have eyes ; and they are ever on the alert for administrative talent. The genius for the management of railway traffic, which Mr. Whyte possesses, was perceived, the reader will see, as soon as the opportunity for the display of his talents was opened to the subject of this sketch. Mr. Whyte is a man of quick insight, and as he possesses a cool and a clear head, it does not take him long to see his way out of a difficulty, and come to a decision. Emin- ently, it may be repeated, he is an adminis- trator, being above all things swift and ex- pedient, and sound of judgment. He is an extremely popular railway official ; and in the social life of Toronto his removal from that city was much regretted. Mr. Whyte married in 1872, Jane, daughter of Adam Scott, of Toronto. There has been issue by this marriage a family of three girls and two boys. Wood, Alpheus Field, Lieut.-Col., Madoc, J.P., M.PP. for North Hastings, was born in the State of New York, on the 30th May, 1828. He is a son of Thomas and Frances (Peckins) Wood, his mother being a daughter of Richard Peckins, who was a descendant of one of the earliest set- tlers of the State of Vermont. Thomas Wood adopted the life of a mechanic, in the State of New York, but came to Canada in 1810, settling in Bath, Bay of Quinte, where he continued his calling. During the war of 1812, he served in the Kingston Guard, and afterwards received a pension. He lived to the great age of ninety-three, and died in 1882, at his son's, in Madoc, leaving five of a family, the subject of this sketch being the fourth eldest. A. F. Wood received a common school education, finish- ing his studies at Fredericksburg. His fam- ily removed to the County of Hastings, in 1843, and at the age of eighteen, he engaged in teaching school in the County of Hast- ings, and so continued to do for three years. In 1849, he concluded to adopt a mercantile calling, and commenced business in the town of Madoc, as a general merchant, and in this business he has continued ever since. In 1854, he admitted as partner James Deans, under the firm name of Wood & Co. The partnership existed for three years, when they dissolved, Mr. Wood carrying on the business himself, and he continued to do so until 1879, when he retired from the gen- eral store business, but has since been a partner in the hardware business, in which he still continues. In 1878, he engaged in the grain trade, and to facilitate the opera- tions of his large business, erected an eleva- tor, with a capacity of some 30,000 bushels, and he is now devoting all his time to grain- buying. Mr. Wood was an ensign in the old Canadian militia, and was promoted from rank to rank until 1870, when he was appointed lieut.-colonel of the North Hast- ings battalion. In 1857, he was elected reeve of the township of Madoc, and re- mained in that position for twenty years, during ten of which he served as warden of the county. In 1877 he retired, and there- after took no part in municipal or other public life, until 1883, when he received and accepted the nomination to stand for the North Riding of Hastings, in the Con- servative interest, for the Ontario Legisla- ture. He succeeded in defeating Peter Vankleek, the Reform candidate, by a ma- jority of 208 votes. Since becoming a mem- ber of the legislature, he has introduced and carried through successfully the Sun- day Excursion Act, and an amendment to the Railway Act, which act prevents the ex- propriation of mines by railway companies. In 1870, he was appointed census commis- sioner by the Dominion government. He has been president of the Belleville and North Hastings Railway for three years, director of the Grand Junction Railway, and of the Toronto and Ottawa Railway. In 1880 he was appointed government valu- ator of Canada by the Dominion Govern- ment, and this office he still holds. Colonel Wood is a member of the Freemason craft, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 759 lodge No. 204, Madoc, and has been master of the same and treasurer for several years. In politics he is an independent Conser- vative, and is a member of the Liberal- Conservative Association of Madoc, and a member of the Provincial Conservative Association Council. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and is an elder in the same church at Madoc. He married, in 1850, Eliza Ann, daughter of Daniel Ross, J.P. of the County of Hastings, a well known gentleman in the part of the country in which he resides. Colonel Wood has two sons and two daughters living, Herbert R. Wood, the eldest son, being a gold medalist of Toronto University, and assistant lecturer in the Natural Science department of the same, and the second son, William, is at present attending Upper Canada College. We may add that the subject of this sketch is a brother of the Hon. S. C. Wood, late treasurer of the Ontario Government [which see elsewhere in these pages], and at present manager of the Freehold Loan Company. Colonel Wood is noted for his close atten- tion to business, and to this we may ascribe his conspicuous success in mercantile life. He has been president of the Scott Act Asso- ciation of Hastings, and is superintendent of the Sabbath-school of Madoc, and all through his life has been interested in the welfare of the community in which he re- sides. He is an earnest and matter of fact speaker, as he is in life, and whenever he arises to address the House, he is listened to with attention and respect. He is agent at Madoc for the Freehold Loan Company, also the Canada Landed Credit Company, and does a general agency business in the same place. Stewart, McLeod, M.A., Ottawa, was born at Ottawa, in the year 1847, and belongs to the family of the Stewarts of Ap- pin, both upon the father and mother's side. William Stewart, his father, was one of the foremost men in the Ottawa valley, and represented (Bytown) now Ottawa, and the County of Russell for several years in the old parliament of Canada. He was one of the fathers of the lumber trade, and was the framer of the Cullers Act and other import- ant measures. McLeod Stewart was educa- ted at the Ottawa Grammar school, and at the University of Toronto ; and graduated B. A. from the latter institution in 1867, and as prizeman in reading and M. A. in 1870. He was appointed a lieutenant in the Governor General's Foot Guards on its first formation. He has held, and now holds, several import- ant public offices, some of which let us enu- merate. He was president of St. Andrew's Society for three years ; he is a director of the Protestant Hospital; a director of the City of Ottawa Agricultural Society ; and a director of the Metropolitan Street Railway; director of the Edmonton and Saskatchewan Land Company of Canada; vice-president of the Stewart Ranche Company; director and secretary of the Canadian Granite Company; and president of the Canada Atlantic Railway Company. He is solicitor of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, at Ottawa, and of other large corporations. Although possessing a large and lucrative legal practice, Mr. Stew- art has found time to identify himself with nearly every public and private enterprise in the City of Ottawa, whether of a local or na- tional character. He is a strong Liberal-Con- servative, and has rendered important ser- vice to his party. Hehas been three times in Europe, and on one of his visits spent nearly twelve months on the other side of the At- lantic. In religion he is a Presbyterian. Mr. Stewart married in 1874, Linnie Emma, eldest daughter of Colonel Walker Powell, adjutant-general of Militia and Defence for Canada. It has been the good fortune of few Canadians to achieve so early in life so much either in the general business of the community, or in the legal profession, as Mr. Stewart has accomplished. If he could be won away somewhat from his present en- gagements and induced to enter the political arena, he would be a very valuable acquisi- tion to the political life of Canada. Ross, Alexander Hilton, M.D., Montreal, the eminent Canadian Philan- thropist, Scientist and Author, has had a career of striking interest. He was born on December 13th, 1832, in Belleville, Ontario. His parents were descendants of Scotch Highlanders, who came to Canada from Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1758. In his boy- hood he made his way to New York city, and after struggling with many adversities, became a compositor in the office of the Evening Post, then edited and owned by William Cullen Bryant, the poet. Mr. Bry- ant became much interested in young Ross, and ever after remained his steadfast friend. It was during this period that he became acquainted with General Garibaldi, who at that time was a resident of New York, and employed in making candles. This acquain- tance soon ripened into a warm friendship, which continued unbroken down to Gari- baldi's death in 1882. It was through Dr. Ross's efforts in 1874 that Garibaldi obtained his pension from the Italian government. In 1851 Dr. Ross began the study of medi- 760 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF cine, under the direction of the celebrated Dr. Valentine Mott, and subsequently un- der Dr. Trail, the hydropathist. After four years of unremitting toil, working as com- positor during the day and studying medi- cine at night, he received his degree of M.D. in 1855, and shortly after received the appointment of surgeon in the army of Nicaragua, then commanded by General William Walker. He subsequently became actively and earnestly engaged in the anti- slavery struggle in the United States, which culminated in the liberation from bondage of four millions of slaves. Dr. Ross was a personal friend and co-worker of Captain John Brown, the martyr. Although Dr. Ross's sphere of labour in that great struggle for human freedom was less public than that of many other workers in the cause, it was not less important, and required the exer- cise of greater caution, courage and deter- mination, and also involved greater per- sonal risk. Senator Wade, vice-president of the United States, said, in speaking of the abolitionists:-"Never in the history of the world did the same number of men perform so great an amount of good for the human race and for their country as the once despised abolitionists, and it is my duty to add that no one of their number submitted to greater privations, perils or sacrifices, or did more in the great and noble work than Alexander Ross." He has re- ceived the benediction of the philanthropist and poet, Whittier, in the following noble words, which find their echo in the hearts of thousands :- "DR. A. M. ROSS. " For his steadfast strength and courage In a dark and evil time, When the Golden Rule was treason, And to feed the hungry, crime. " For the poor slave's hope and refuge, When the hound was on his track, And saint and sinner, state and church, Joined hands to send him back. " Blessings upon him !-What he did For each sad, suffering one, Chained, hunted, scourged and bleeding, Unto our Lord was done. John G. Whittier, Secretary of the Convention in 1833, which formed the American Anti-Slavery Society." The sincere radical abolitionists, with whom Dr. Ross was labouring, were des- pised, hated and ostracised by the rich, the powerful and the so-called higher classes ; but Dr. Ross always possessed the courage of his opinions, and preferred the approval of his own conscience to the smiles or favours of men. During the Southern rebellion he was employed by President Lincoln as con- fidential correspondent in Canada, and ren- dered very important services to the United States government. For this he received the special thanks of President Lincoln and Secretary Seward. When the war ended, with the downfall of the Confederacy, Dr. Ross offered his services to President Juarez, of Mexico, and received the ap- pointment of surgeon in the Republican army. The capture of Maximillian, and the speedy overthrow of the empire, ren- dered Dr. Ross's services unnecessary, and he returned to Canada and to the congenial and more peaceful pursuits of a naturalist. The object of his ambition now was to col- lect and classify the fauna and flora of his native country, a labour never before at- tempted by a Canadian. He has collected and classified 570 species of birds that regu- larly or occasionally visit the Dominion of Canada ; 240 species of eggs of birds that breed in Canada ; 247 species of mammals, reptiles, and freshwater fish ; 3,400 species of insects ; and 2,200 species of Canadian flora. The Montreal Herald, of August 19, 1884, says : -" Dr. Ross has been a member of the British Association of Science for the last fourteen years, and of the French and American Associations for the past ten years. The following brief sketch will, therefore, prove doubly interesting in view of the approaching gathering of scientific men in this city. He has devoted special attention to the ornithology, ichthyology, botany and entomology of Canada ; has per- sonally made large and valuable collections of the fauna and flora of Canada ; has en- riched by his contributions the natural history museums of Paris, St. Petersburg, Vienna, Rome, Athens, Dresden, Lisbon, Teheran and Cairo with collections of Canadian fauna and flora. He is author of " Birds of Canada " (1872), "Butterflies and Moths of Canada" (1873), "Flora of Canada"(1873), " Forrest Trees of Canada" (1874), " Mammals, Rep- tiles, and Freshwater Fishes of Canada " (1878), "Recollections of an Abolitionist " (1867), and "Ferns and Wild Flowers of Canada" (1877). He received the degrees of M.D. (1855), and M.A. (1867); and was knighted by the Emperor of Russia (1876), King of Italy (1876), King of Greece (1876), King of Portugal (1877), King of Saxony (1876), and the Shah of Persia (1882), and received the decoration of honour from the Khedive of Egypt, and the decoration of the Palm Leaf from CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 761 the government of France (1879). He was offered (and declined) the title of Baron by the King of Bavaria, in recognition of his labours as a naturalist. Dr. Ross was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Linnean and Zoological Societies of England ; the Royal Societies of Antiquaries of Denmark and Greece ; the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Russia ; the Imperial Botanical and Zoological So- ciety of Austria; the Royal Academy of Science of Palermo, Italy; a member of the Entomological Societies of Russia, Ger- many, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Bohemia and Wurtemburg." For several years past Dr. Ross has laboured with his characteristic zeal and energy in behalf of moral and physical reform. He is always on the side of the poor and the oppressed, no matter how unpopular the cause may be. He does his duty as he sees it, regardless of consequences to himself. During the small- pox epidemic in Montreal (in 1885), Dr. Ross was a prominent opponent of vaccina- tion, declaring that it was not only useless as a preventative of small-pox, but, that it propagated the disease, when practiced dur- ing the existence of an epidemic. In place of vaccination he strongly advocates the strict enforcement of sanitation and isola- tion. He maintains that personal and muni- cipal cleanliness is the only scientific safe- guard against zymotic diseases. Dr. Ross is a resident of Montreal, and a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba. Murray, Thomas, Pembroke, Ont., J.P., M.PP. for North Renfrew, was born in the County of Carleton, Ontario, on the 18th January, 1836, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Burrows) Murray. James Murray was born in King's County, Ire- land, and came to Canada in his twelfth year, with his parents, settling in the town- ship of Goulbourne, County of Carleton. He followed for some time a mercantile business, near the Rideau Canal, while it was being constructed ; but owing to ill health, he abandoned this business, and betook himself to farming, and continued at the same until his death in 1818. He left four of a family, the subject of this sketch being the eldest son. Thomas Murray re- ceived a common school education, finish- ing his studies at the Grammar school at Smith's Falls. After leaving school, he entered the employ of the late W. R. R. Lyon, of Richmond, Carleton county, where he remained for four years. He then left for Ottawa, and entered the employ of Por- ter Brothers. He resided in Ottawa for five years, carrying on business for him- self during a portion of the time, when he removed to Pembroke, where he entered into partnership with his brother, Michael Murray, under the firm name of Murray Brothers. Michael died shortly afterwards, when Mr. Murray admitted as partner his brother, William, changing the firm name to T. & W. Murray, and under this style they still continue to carry on a general mer- cantile business. A large and very profit- able trade in furs, produce, lumber and general merchandise is the result of the energy, thrift and good business abilities of the partners. Mr. Murray was elected town councillor of Pembroke in 1863, and remained in that position for a consider- able time, and was for several years reeve of the town. In 1868, he contested North Renfrew for the House of Commons, against John Rankin, and was defeated by a small vote. Shortly afterwards Mr. Rankin re- signed his seat, and Mr. Murray was again a candidate for the vacancy; but the late John Supple, who represented the same con- stituency in the local house, being favour- able to the election of the late Sir Francis Hincks, who was desirous of a seat in the House of Commons, resigned his seat in the Ontario legislature, on the condition that Mr. Murray would not contest the Domi- nion election. Mr. Murray accordingly con- tested the election for the Ontario house, against Thos. Deacon, Q.C., and defeated his opponent. At the next general election he was defeated by Mr. Deacon. In 1871, he contested Pontiac and North Renfrew for the House of Commons, but was unsuc- cessful. In 1879 he ran, in the Liberal in- terest, for North Renfrew, for the Ontario legislature, against his old opponent, Mr. Deacon, whom he defeated by over 100 of a majority. Mr. Murray soon afterwards re- signed his seat to run for the House of Commons against the present representa- tive, Peter White, but was defeated. Lastly, in 1883, he contested the same riding, and was returned over Mr. Deacon by over 160 of a majority, to the Ontario legislature. In one of the elections in which Mr. Murray was defeated for the House of Commons, the successful candidate, Mr. White, was unseated, and Mr. Murray's brother, Wil- liam, contested the seat against Mr. White, and defeated him. Mr. White, in turn, pro- tested Mr. Murray's election, and unseated him after he had sat one session. Both again went to the polls, when Mr. White wa.s elected. Mr. Murray is a Liberal in poli- 762 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF tics, and in religion a Roman catholic. He married, in 1855, Jane, daughter of James Copeland, of Richmond. Mr. Murray is a very capable business man, and has achieved much success, having now several branch stores in the Ottawa district. He has push and enterprise, and his manners have se- cured to him the widest share of popular esteem. He owns a great many of the buildings and town lots in Pembroke, situ- ate in what is known as the Murray ward, and he is also a large property-holder in the rising village of North Bay, on the north shore of Lake Nipissing, where a year ago was nothing but bush. Now, however, owing largely to Mr. Murray's enterprise, it is a promising village with a population of over 700 inhabitants, and a hotel erected by the Messrs. Murray at a cost of over $10,000. Mr. Murray exhibits the same energy in the legislative sphere that he shows in his own business concerns, and this quality, together with his excellent judgment and his familiarity with public affairs, give him much influence in the legislature. Branscombe, Henry William, Picton, Ontario, was born at Hallowell, County of Prince Edward, in 1837. His father, Arthur Branscombe, was the grand- son of a British officer, who served in the war of the American revolution, and after the treaty of 1783, removed to Grand Lake, Qneen's County, New Brunswick, at which place a large number of the same name still reside. Early in the present century, the grandfather and father of Mr. Branscombe, removed to Hallowell, Upper Canada, and settled near what is now the village of Bloomfield. Arthur Branscombe married Catharine Burlingham, daughter of a U. E. loyalist, who came from Duchess County, N. Y., at the close of the war. The Bur- lingham's were amongst the most successful of the old settlers of Prince Edward county, and constitute to-day one of the most exten- sive and respectable families in that county. Henry W. Branscombe was educated in his native township, and at an early age com- menced the study and practice of dentistry, in which profession he has risen to the fore- most rank. In 1862 he left his native town for New York city, where he practised his profession with marked success for five years. He then returned to Picton, and after a sojourn of a few years, removed to Chicago, where he remained till 1879, when he returned to Canada and permanently settled at Picton. His careful, steady and industrious pursuit of knowledge, together with the deep interest he has always taken in dentistry, secured for him an honourable recognition by his professional brethren, in his election to the position of secretary to the Dental Association for Ontario. After his removal to Picton he combined the busi- ness of chemist and druggist with that of dentistry, and has for several years success- fully conducted both branches. In all local enterprises Mr. Branscombe has been found to give a helping hand. For five consecu- tive years he has occupied a seat at the council board, where he has made his influ- ence felt to a marked degree. He has for years been a director of the County Agricul- tural Society, and is also treasurer of the Bay of Quinte Fire Insurance Company. He is an active member of the Methodist church, an enthusiastic Freemason, and a determined and energetic worker for the cause of temperance. He married in 1866, Sara E., daughter of the late Rev. Cyrus Allison, whose name is familiar amongst the temperance workers, who under the ap- pellation of the Womans' Christian Temper- ance Union have done so much of late years to arouse public opinion upon this impor- tant question. Nelson, II. A., Montreal, (deceased) was born in Keene, New Hampshire, on October 20, 1816, and removed to Montreal when twenty-four years of age, in the year 1840, entering into business with the late Isaac Butters, under the name of Nelson & Butters. The firm so existed until 1861, when Mr. Butters retired on account of ill- health, and O. S. Wood took his place, until he retired from a similar cause in 1874. Mr. Nelson then took into partnership his four sons, and the firm name was changed to that of H. A. Nelson & Sons, which at present it bears. In the year 1878, Mr. Nelson was elected to represent Montreal Centre in the Quebec legislature, as a supporter of M. Joly, and represented the constituency for three years, when he retired. But it was as an aiderman that Mr. Nelson was best known. Occupying a seat in the municipal council for the long period of fourteen years, and for the latter portion holding the im- portant post of chairman of the Finance committee, a position for which he proved himself singularly well fitted, his name will be associated with what was best calculated to secure a judicious regulation and expen- diture of the civic funds, and to promote the best interests of the city generally. In the commercial community Mr. Nelson was equally well known and esteemed. In addi- tion to building up a large and prosperous CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 763 private business, he was a trusted councillor on the the boards of several public compa- nies and institutions. He was a director of the Molsons Bank, president of the Loan & Investment Association, and vice-presi- dent of the Provincial Loan Association. The deceased gentleman was also foremost in works of a charitable nature, and the boards and committees of several charitable societies have missed his kindly presence, his sympathetic aid, and his valued advice. Particularly, his death was mourned by the pastor and congregation of the American Presbyterian Church. For many years he was an active member of that church, and at his death was senior elder, the chairman of the Board of Trustees, and superintendent of the Sunday School, in all of which his loss has been deeply felt. This worthy man died at home in Montreal, on the 24th De- cember, 1882. Speaking of his demise on the following day, the Gazette said : ' ' By his death the community loses a large-hearted, upright and honourable citizen, and the city, one who as a member of the council and in various other capacities has proved himself a man of sound judgment, of ster- ling integrity, and of active and beneficial enterprise. Kerns, Major William, Burlington, Ont., M.P.P. for Halton, was born in the County of Halton, on the 6th of September, 1840. He is a son of Nicholas and Mary Ann (Waterbury) Kerns. Nicholas Kerns was born in the County of Halton, and was a son of Nicholas Kerns, who came thither from Germany. The father of Major Kerns adopted the life of a farmer, and so continu- ed until the time of his death. He had a family of six, William being the eldest. William Kerns received a common school ed- ucation ; and after completing his studies, remained in the old homestead until he was nineteen, when he began to learn the mer- cantile business. In 1860, he entered into the employ of Waldie & Co., of Burlington, general merchants, where he remained for six years. Then (1866) he was admitted a partner in the firm, maintaining the connec- tion until 1880, when Mr. Waldie retired, Mr. Kerns carrying on the business under the firm name of W. Kerns & Co., it being well known and still conducted by them. In 1882 he purchased the warehouses and wharves of the late Wm. Buntin, of Bur- lington, and has since that date been engag- ed in the business of wharfinger and grain merchant, in connection with the general mercantile trade. In 1866 he entered the Hamilton Military school and obtained a second class certificate, under Col. Peacock, and after leaving school was appointed en- sign in the 20th, now Lome Rifles. Jn 1883 he obtained a first class military certifi- cate. He holds the position of senior major in the corps. He has been a school trustee in Burlington, and held the position for ten years, being always interested in educational work. In 1879, he was by acclamation chosen reeve of the village of Burlington, and was- re-elected for the three successive years without opposition. In 1883, he contested, in the Conservative interest, the County of Halton, against Dr. Robinson, of Milton, and was elected by a majority of 150 votes. Major Kerns is the first vice-president of the Federal Life Insurance Company, of Hamilton; is a member of the Masonie craft, lodge No. 165, A.F. & A.M., of Burlington, and past master of the same 'r also of the Scottish rite, in which he has taken the 31st degree. He is also grand steward of the Grand Lodge of Canada He is also an Oddfellow, a member of the A.O. U.W., and past county master of the Orange order. In politics he is a very sturdy Conser- vative, and in religion, a Presbyterian. He married in 1868, Ellen, daughter of Charles Morris, of Burlington, by whom he has had four children, two of whom are living. Major Kerns is one of the most industrious members of the legislature ; and in commit- tee his energy, good judgment, and wide stock of information upon most of the sub- jects up for consideration, make him an ex- tremely valuable member of the house. A man of such equipment naturally commands considerable influence ; and Halton is to be congratulated upon its representation. Graham, Peter, Warwick, Ontario, J.P., M.P. P. for East Lambton, was born in the County of Cumberland, on the 16th July, 1821 ; and is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth Graham. Thomas Graham en- gaged in the occupation of a carter and' hotel-keeper in England ; but in 1834 he set sail for Canada, landing in Quebec with his family. He settled in Cote St Charles, County of Vaudreuil, where he took up a farm, and here remained until his death. Mrs. Graham died in England. Peter Graham received a common school educa- tion in England, and after his arrival in Canada adopted farming for three years then public discontent broke out in rebel- lion, and Mr. Graham was one of those who joined the volunteers under Captain Crawford, No. 8 company. He afterwards transferred to the 3rd Provisional battalion, under Colonel Vankoughnet, and was dis- 764 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF charged as a non-commissioned officer after the rebellion was crushed. He soon after- wards came to Upper Canada, and after en- gaging in different pursuits at various places, settled down onarented farm in the township of Binbrook, Wentworth county. Here he remained for five years, when he purchased a farm of 300 acres of bush land in the township of Warwick, County of Lambton, on which place he has ever since resided. Mr. Graham was elected township councillor of Warwick, and was elected first deputy reeve of that township, and subsequently reeve for several years. He has also been connected with a number of public enter- prises in his portion of the province ; is a member of the Grange Society ; has been president of the Township of Warwick Agricultural Association ; and a director of the County Association. He has always taken an active interest in agricultural con- cerns. Mr. Graham was elected the first member representing the East Riding of Lambton in 1875, after the redistribution of seats, and he still continues to represent that constituency. During the John Sand- field Macdonald Administration he was ap- pointed a justice of the peace. Mr. Graham was the first publicist to advocate the adop- tion of the Tile Drainage Act, which after- wards came into force. He has for years ad- vocated legislation to amend the act respect- ing the division lines in rural municipalties, as passed in 1871, and known as the Property Amendment Act; and during the present session (1886) has a resolution to that effect before the house. Mr. Graham is a strong advocate for female sufferage, a man fully imbued with the spirit of wise and enlight- ened modern progress, and altogether a very valuable member of the Ontario legis- lature. Mr. Graham, we may add, is in favour of abolishing the Government House, and seconded the resolution introduced by Mr. McIntyre with that object in view (Session 1866). He is also in favour of the abolition of the Upper Canada College. We may further add, that Mr. Graham had the honour of proposing the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, on his first appearance for par- liamentary honours, on the hustings at Sarnia. In religion, Mr. Graham adheres to Methodism, is trustee of church property, and has been delegate to the London con- ference for two sessions. He married Cathe- rine Chambers, of Glengarry, daughter of James Chambers, and had by that lady nine of a family ; she died in 1873. He again married, in 1874, Mrs. Celesta Jane Ward, by whom he has had two children. Murphy, Edward, J, P., Chevalier of the Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre, was born on the 26th July, 1818, in the County Carlow, Ireland, and came to Montreal in 1824, with his parents and brothers, and there has since resided. Mr. Murphy claims a lineal descent from Donal Mor (or the great) O'Murphy, a chief- tain of considerable power and territory in the County Wexford, Ireland, temp Henry VIII. In the reign of Edward VI, he and his sept were overcome, and with a number of his clansmen, was attainted, for resisting the encroachments of the "English Pale," and a large portion of their ancient territory, " The Murrows," comprising the present Barony of Ballaghkeen in that county, was confiscated to the Crown, and granted to favorites in that and succeeding reigns. (See "O'Hart's Landed Gentry," pages 113 and 114, and state papers of sixteenth and seven- teenth centuries.) Mr. Murphy's family are related to the Sarsfields, the O'Byrnes, Kav- naghs, Rudkins, Motleys and other families of position, in the counties of Wexford, Car- low, and Wicklow. His father, Daniel Mur- phy, of Ballyellen Mills, County Carlow, and his uncles were largely engaged in business as corn factors and millers, and they had an extensive trade with Waterford and the other chief towns in the South of Ireland. Mr. Murphy, senr., came to Canada in 1824, and died in Montreal, in 1846. Mr. Murphy's mother was a daughter of Peter Byrne, of the County Carlow, a descendant of the old and distinguished family of the Byrnes, of Bally cappie, one of the senior branches of the great sept O'Byrne, of the County Wicklow. Having received, at Esson's Academy, his commercial education, at the age of fourteen he was engaged as a clerk in the hardware business. In 1846 he because principal salesman in the old established, firm of Frothingham & Workman, wholesale hardware merchants, which position he oc- cupied until 1859, when he became a partner in that business, now, and for many years past, the most extensive in the Dominion. Mr. Murphy has assisted in maintaining the firm in the high position it has so long and deservedly enjoyed. Yet business, with all its cares and anxieties, did not ab- sorb his entire attention. His first step in the philanthropic efibrts that have marked his whole life was in connection with the establishment of the earliest Irish Catholic Temperance Society organized in Canada. The late lamented Bishop Phelan, of Kings- ton, was at that time (1840) pastor of the Irish people of Montreal, and ministered to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 765 their spiritual wants in the venerable edifice, the Recollet Church, now amongst the things of the past, but around which clustered many fond remembrances for the older inhabitants. Into the temperanca cause Mr. Murphy threw himself with his whole soul, seconding the efforts of the good Father Phelan. In 1841 he was elected secretary of the association, and so continu- ed until 1862, when he was presented with a massive solid silver jug and a most flattering address by the society, in recognition of his invaluable services in the total abstinence cause. Long years of active work did not cause him to abate his efforts in, what may be termed, the cherished object of his life, the propagation of temperance principles amongst his fellow countrymen. He was several times elected president of the St. Patrick's Temperance Society, a post which he at present holds ; and again in 1884, its members feeling that something more ought to be done in recognition of such devotion, they presented him with a magnificent life- size portrait, in oil, of himself. He has now been for over forty years one of the main pillars of total abstinence in his adopted home, and may without flattery be styled the standard bearer of the cause. It has often been said, and with a great deal of truth, that the man who appears to forget the old land, makes a very indifferent citi- zen wherever his lot may be cast. Mr. Murphy is a striking example of the class that contribute so much to the progress and prosperity of their adopted home, and yet never cease to sympathise with the land of their forefathers. In the good old days of 1842, when the Irishmen of Montreal, both Catholic and Protestant, formed one grand brotherhood, ere narrow-minded politicians had succeeded in dividing them into two hostile camps, Mr. Murphy became a mem- ber of the original St. Patrick's Society under the presidency of the late Benja- min Holmes. In those days, and in later, such men as the late William Workman, Sir Francis Hincks, and many other distingu- ished Irish Protestant gentlemen, were join- ed hand in hand with their Catholic brethren, and the Irish people of Montreal were re- spected, and their influence felt throughout the land. Mr. Murphy was indefatigable in his exertions to promote the well being of his fellow-countrymen, through the medium of the national organization. In 1860, he was elected president of the St. Patrick's Society, a position he filled with credit to himself and benefit to that body. About this time he was gazetted captain in the Montreal militia, 4th battalion; he was also named to the commission of the peace, and in 1861 he occupied the responsible position of commissioner of the Census for the City of Montreal under the Canadian government. In 1862 Mr. Murphy revisit- ed the scenes of his childhood, and cast once more a loving glance on the green hills and pleasant valleys of his native land. During his absence in Ireland he was elected a di- rector of the City and District Savings Bank of Montreal. This position he filled until 1877, when he was elected to the presidency of that flourishing institution, an office to which he has been annually re-elected, and which he holds at the present time. He fills the important trust of marguiller or churchwarden of the parish church of Notre Dame, a singular mark of the confi- dence reposed in him, and the kindly feel- ings evinced towards him by his French Canadian fellow-citizens. Again and again he has been solicited to accept municipal and parliamentary honours, which he has always declined. Nevertheless, he has not abstained from participating in the political struggles of the country. A friend of liberty, he sympathised with the gallant band of patriots whose blood shed on the field of battle and trickling down the scaffold in 1837 and 1838, secured for Canada the priceless boon of constitutional government. In politics, he is a Liberal-Conservative, and through good report and evil report, he has always manfully stood up by the party, that his experience has led him to believe has the true interests of Canada at heart. En- joyment of the blessings of constitutional freedom of Canada has made Mr. Murphy's sympathetic heart yearn for similar advan- tages to his native land, and in consequence he has always warmly advocated and assist- ed the movements set on foot here in favor of Home Rule for Ireland. With such a record any man might well rest content to see his name go down to posterity ; but Mr. Murphy has still other claims to public gra- titude. As far back as thirty years ago, mainly through his exertions, the " early closing movement " was carried into effect, whereby the clerks in the hardware trade secured the afternoon of Saturday for their recreation and mental improvement, a boon that has since been widely extended for the benefit of clerks in other branches of busi- ness. He is one of the vice-presidents of the Natural History Society of Montreal, and also of the Numismatic and Antiquarian So- ciety, in the transactions of both of which he has taken an active part. He is a life gov- 766 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ernor of the Montreal General Hospital, and also a life governor of Notre Dame Hospi- tal of the same city. He is also a member of the Societe Historique de Montreal. He is and has been one of the Catholic School commissioners of the City of Montreal. In this position he felt more acutely than ever the great need of a good commercial education for our youth, and his energies were centred to effect that object. To giv? an impetus to the movement he generously founded the 1 'Edward Murphy" prize of the annual value of $100, in perpetuity, for the " en- couragement of commercial education in Montreal." This prize consists in a gold medal of the value of $50 and a purse of a like amount, and is open to all competitors. During these long years of arduous labour, Mr. Murphy has found time to cultivate his taste for scientific pursuits, and his public lectures, always delivered for the benefit of charitable objects, on " The Microscope and its Revelations," and on " Astronomy," have invariably met with a hearty reception by the public. He pursued these favourite studies in the few moments he could snatch from his pressing occupations, and the suc- cess that has attended his efforts is another proof of how much can be accomplished by well directed labour. A post of honour, entailing arduous duties as well, was con- ferred on Mr. Murphy, 1879, that of har- bour commissioner, which he now fills. He (Mr. Murphy) was twice married, first to Elizabeth, daughter of the late Thomas McBride and Mary Price, of Dublin, Ire- land, by whom he has two daughters living. Secondly, to Maria Georgiana, daughter of the late Hon. Judge Power, of the Supe- rio Court of Quebec, and Susan de Gaspe, his wife, (daughter of Philip Aubert de Gaspe, seigneur of St. Jean Port Joly, the author of "Les Anciens Canadiens," and other works on Canadian history.) By this marriage Mr. Murphy has one son and two daughters, all living (1886). His eldest daughter was married to the late E. C. Monk, advocate, of Montreal, son of the Hon. S. Cornwallis Monk, one of the judges of the Court of Appeal for the Pro- vince of Quebec. As a successful merchant Mr. Murphy's word is as good as his bond in the commercial community. He is the patron of education, the noiseless toiler in scientific pursuits, a sincere and devout Catholic, whose name will ever be connected with St. Patrick's Church, its asylums and kindred institutions. His investiture as a Chevalier of the Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre, in 1882, is a well merited tribute to his worth by the ecclesi- astical authorities of his church. We con- clude Mr. Murphy's biography by saying that he is respected and trusted by his fel- low citizens of all origins and creeds as a loyal and devoted son of Canada. Orton, George Turner, M.D., Win- nipeg, M.P. for Centre Wellington, is a son of Dr. Henry Orton, who came to Upper Canada from Leicestershire, England, and settled in Guelph in 1835. He was a county coroner for many years, and died at Fergus in 1869. The wife of Dr. Henry Orton, and the mother of the subject of this sketch was Mary Jerram, also a native of England, she died at Nottingham, England, in 1858. George Turner Orton is a brother of T. J. Orton, surgeon-major of the British army, who entered the service on 15th January, 1855. This brave officer served with the Royal artillery in the trenches before Se- bastopol, in 1855, and at the assault of the Redan, on the 8th of September ; receiving in recognition of his services, a medal with a clasp, and also a Turkish medal. He served with the Central India field force under Sir Hugh Rose in 1858, and was present at the siege and capture of Fort Chandairee ; at the siece and capture of Jhansi; at the battle of the Betwa ; the action at Koonch ; the actions of the 17th, 18th and the 21st of May at Golowlie, and at the capture of Calpee. He was subse- quently engaged in various actions in the Bundlekund district, for which he received a medal. He accompanied the Perak expedi- tion as principal medical officer of the force, and his conduct was mentioned in des- spatches ; and he received a medal with clasp. George T. Orton attended the Gram- mar school at Guelph ; studied German with a private tutor at Berlin, County of Waterloo, Ontario ; and pursued his medi- cal studies at the College of Surgeons, Dub- lin, Ireland, and at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, from which he was graduated M. D., in 1860. He was subse- quently elected a member of the Royal Col- lege of Surgeons, England. Dr. Orton prac- tised, for a short time, in England ; but he soon resolved to ascertain what fortune had in store for him in Canada. He joined his brother in Ancaster, near Hamilton, and practised his profession along with him for some time, and in August, 1861, he removed to Fergus, and settled there. His ability, his professional skill, and his industry soon gave him a remunerative practice here. Dr. Orton was a captain of a volunteer company, form- ed soon after the Fenian raid of 1866 ; and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 767 he became surgeon of the 30th battalion of Wellington rifles. He began his political career as councilman, and served three suc- cessive years as reeve. Dr. Orlon has taken an active part in the promotion of impor- tant public enterprises. He was one of the foremost in advocating the construction of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce, and the Credit Valley railways. Dr. Orton first sought election to parliament in 1872, but was defeated. In 1874 he was successful, but was unseated on petition. In 1882 he successfully contested Centre Wellington, defeating Sir Richard Cartwright ; and in 1883 removed to Winnipeg, where he en- tered into partnership with Dr. Brett. He was exchanged from the 30th battalion to the 90th battalion, Winnipeg rifles, with which corps he went to the front, in the ad- vance column of General Middleton. He was appointed brigade surgeon, and was present at the battle of Fish Creek, and also of Batoche. Dr. Orton was chief medical officer of the Rocky Mountain division of the Canadian Pacific in 1884 and 1885, and he was subsequently appointed coroner for British Columbia. Dr. Orton married Ann, daughter of William Farmer, formerly of Sutton-Maddock, Shropshire, England, who for many years engaged in lumbering on the Gatineau river. There have been seven children by this union, but two only sur- vive, both being daughters. The career of Dr. Orton has been an active and an ex- extremely useful one. He is not one of those self-seeking politicians whose patri- otic acts are intended to bring fruits to their own pockets ; but he is loyally devoted to the affairs of the public. To the agri- cultural interests of Canada he has devoted special study, and the labour and the achievements of the parliamentary commit- tee, which bears his name, ha ve passed into history. He has always been a champion of the national policy, and the object of his committee was to ascertain the effect of that policy upon agriculture. There was the usual minority report, but the great bulk of the evidence confirmed the conten- tions of Dr. Orton. He has been an advo- cate of reciprocity between Canada and the United States; and has been, in short, prominently connected with all the great subjects within the sphere of political ad- judication. We expect to hear much yet from this able and large-minded publicist. Dill, Jacob William, Bradebridge, Ontario, M.P.P. for Muskoka and Parry Sound, was born on the 3rd September, 1840, in the viliage of Preston, County of Waterloo. He is a son of Henry and Mary (Rose) Dill, his mother being a daughter of Mr. Rose, one of the first pioneers and resi- dents of the County of Waterloo. Henry Dill came to Canada in about 1830, and settled in the township of Waterloo, where he began farming. In this occupation he continued for some time, and died in 1874. Mrs. Dill is still living. There was a family of six children, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. Jacob William Dill received a liberal educa- tion, and after leaving school at the age of seventeen, resolved to adopt a mercantile life. In 1867 he entered the employ of the late Mr. Hespeler, of Preston, but he shortly af- terwards removed to Pembroke, where he received from Sir John A. Macdonald the appointment of conducting German settlers to the several settlements in the township of Alice, in the County of Renfrew. Mr. Dill remained in this position until the fall, when he entered the employ of Kennedy & Russell, general merchants, of the village, now the town of Pembroke, at a salary of $4 per month. Here he remained for about two years, when he proceeded to Lake Nippis- sing, in the District of Nippissing, where he engaged in trade with the Indians, having a store in that place. He continued so occupied for four years, but not finding the undertak- ing successful, he removed to Penetangui- shene, where he took a position in the store of Mr. Mitchell, a merchant and lumber dealer. Here he remained for two years, when he resigned and removed to the village of Mattawa, District of Nippissing, where he became manager of N. Trimmon's gen- eral store and supply depot in that village. He resigned this situation, and removed5to the village of Bracebridge, District of Mus- koka, where he engaged in business for him- self as general store-keeper. He continued his operations here alone until 1876, when he admitted as partner, William Kirk, the new firm being known as Dill & Kirk. The business which Mr. Dill commenced with such a small beginning, began at once to in- crease, and in 1875 he found it necessary to enlarge the premises by extensive additions. After the entry of Mr. Kirk as partner, the two decided to open a branch store at the vil- lage of Magnetawan, in the District of Parry Sound, which sub-establishment they still continue to maintain. Mr. Dill was appoint- ed school trustee for the villaga of Brace- bridge in 1882, but he resigned the office in 1883, to "run" for the reeveship of the village. In 1873 he was elected councillor of the township of McCauley, which posi- tion he held until 1876, when the village of 768 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Bracebridge was incorporated ; and then Mr. Dill was elected councillor of the village. He served as reeve for the years 1878, 1879, 1882 and 1883, and was appointed warden of the County of Victoria in 1882. In the fall of 1883, having received the nomination of the Reform convention for the District of Muskoka and Parry Sound, he contested the election for the seat in the Ontario Legisla- ture-made vacant by the disqualification of the Conservative member, Mr. Farquier, who had carried the riding with a majority of 200-with Gilbert Eachern, the Conser- vative candidate, defeating him by 127 votes. Mr. Dill is a Freemason, lodge No. 360, Muskoka, and has been secretary of the same ; is also a member of A.O.U.W., and is treasurer of lodge No. 204, Brace- bridge. He is a staunch Reformer in politics, and was president of the Reform Association of Bracebridge for some time. In religion, he is a Presbyterian, but at the same time liberal in his views, believing the conscience of each one should be the guide in all religious matters. But he regards it as the bounden duty of all persons to connect themselves witn some church, since the churches occupy such a vital place in the moral and religious life of the people. Since 1875 Mr. Dill has taken an active interest in agricultural mat- ters, and upon the organization of the Mus- koka District Agricultural Society, he was appointed its treasurer. This position he still holds, and during 1881 he was chairman of the Muskoka Fire Relief Committee, in which he took a deep interest, owing to the sufferings of the inhabitants from bush fires being very great. Mr. Dill married in the fall of 1868, Mary Annie, eldest daughter of the late James Wright, of Pen- etanguishene, one of the oldest residents of that district, and has by this lady nine of a family. Mr. Dill is much devoted to manly games and pastimes, such as canoeing, shoot- ing, fishing, cricket, and all the other health- ful exercises. His energy of character is very marked, and he is admitted to be a capable and well informed member of the legislature. Hudson, William Parker, Roslin, Ontario, M.P.P. for East Hastings, was born in the township of Thurlow, Hastings, on the 13th February, 1841. His father was Charles Hudson, and his mother Mar- garet, daughter of the late Rev. Thomas Armstrong, a Church of England minister. Charles Hudson was born in England, and came to this country with his parents about the year 1820, settling in Montreal. His father, Samuel T. Hudson, was a machinist, and erected the first steam engine in the City of Montreal. He removed to Prince Edward county and built large mills by the lake on the mountain; and died in the County of Haldimand in 1877. Charles Hudson, his son, learned the blacksmithing trade, and continued at the same for a time, then retiring to his farm where he still re- sides. He has six of a family, the subject of this sketch being the eldest son. William P. Hudson received a common school edu- cation, and at the age of fourteen entered his father's shop as apprentice to the black- smithing trade. He remained so employed until his twenty-fourth year, when his father retired and assigned the shop to him. That the enterprise and business abilities of Mr. Hudson may be seen, we may state that in two years from the time of his taking the premises, he had worked up a business of from $2,000 to $12,000 per annum. He continued in this business until 1885, when he retired from active life. Tn 1874 he was elected deputy-reeve of the township of Thurlow, Hastings county, and remained in office for three years, each year being elected by acclamation. In 1882 he entered the mun- icipal council as deputy-reeve, and in 1883 contested the east riding of the County of Hastings against N. S. Appleby, the Re- form candidate, defeating him by a majori- ty of seventy-seven votes. Mr. Hudson is treasurer of the East Riding of Hastings Agricultural Association ; is a Conserva- tive, and president of the Conservative Association of his own riding. He is a Presbyterian, and an elder of his church in the village of Roslin. Mr. Hudson mar- ried on the 9th of January, 1866, Jane, daughter of James Fargay, a retired farmer of the township of Thurlow, and has by this lady three children. Mr. Hudson is not often heard upon the floor of the legisla- ture, and it would be well if the same could be said of many of the members of the House. But he carefully watches and weighs ques- tions, and is ready at the right moment with a well fortified opinion upon a given dispute. This quality, allied to his ceaseless industry, has begotten much respect for his judgment. Lumsden, Hugh David, Montreal, Dominion Land Surveyor, and Provincial Land Surveyor for the Province of Ontario, and member of the Institute of Civil Engi- neers, England, was born atBelhelvie Lodge, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on the 7th of Sep- tember, 1844. He is the youngest son of the late Colonel Thomas Lumsden, C.B., of Bel- helvie Lodge, Aberdeenshire, and Hay Bur- nett, his wife, second daughter of John Bur- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 769 nett, of Elrich, Aberdeenshire. The other members of the family were five sons and five daughters, viz.:-General Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden, now of Belhelvie Lodge; John McVeigh Lumsden, now of Galt, Canada ; Thomas Lumsden, late of St. Frangoise Xavier, Manitoba (who was killed in Sept., 1885, by being gored by a bull belonging to himself); General Sir Peter Stark Lums- den, lately commissioner for the settlement of the Afghan boundary ; William Henry Lumsden, who was killed in action near Delhi, on the 25th August, 1857, a lieuten- ant in the 68th, Native infantry, and second in command of the 1st Punjaub infantry. Of the five daughters, the eldest married the Rev. James Johnstone, of Potterton, Aberdeenshire ; the second married the late Colonel John Patton, of Grandholme, Aber- deenshire ; the third married Captain George Cleghorn (now Tancred), an officer of the Scots Greys, now of Weens, Roxboroughshire; the fourth is unmarried, and the fifth married the late Captain Frank Sherlock, of Brigh- ton, England. H. D. Lumsden was edu- cated at Belleview Academy, Aberdeen, and at Wimbledon School, Surrey, England. He joined the 34th battalion as lieutenant of No. 7 company, in the spring of 1867 ; received a second class M. S. certificate in July of same year, and continued in that position until promoted to the captaincy of the same company about the year 1876, when owing to constant absence, he was allowed to resign, retaining rank. He was reeve of the township of Eldon, in the County of Victoria, during the year 1870, and presi- dent of the Eldon Branch Agricultural Asso- ciation for that year. He was engineer-in- charge of the location party on the northern portion of the Toronto and Nipissing Rail- way, in the County of Victoria, under Ed- mund Wragge, from October, 1870, to April, 1871; engineer in charge of location of a por- tion of the Toronto,Grey and Bruce Railway (Dundalk to Berkeley), from May to August, 1871 ; engineer in charge of survey for the Northern Railway from Penetanguishene to Coldwater, from August to November, 1871. Also from December of the same year to December of 1872, he was in the employ- ment of the Northern Railway, under Mr. Moberly, making surveys and the location of the portion of the Meaford branch, Washago to Gravenhurst and Bracebridge, King to Angus, etc. From the beginning of January, 1873 to December, 1874, he was engineer in charge of surveys on the Credit Valley and Victoria railways. From May, 1875, to June, 1876, he was in charge of a survey party for the contractors of the G. B. branch of the C.P. R., between the mouth of French river and Lake Amabel du Fond, Mr. Murdoch, C.E., being chief engineer. From August, 1876 to July, 1879, he was in charge of the Georgian Bay branch sur- veys location and construction for the Do- minion government. From May, 1880, to to March, 1881, he was in charge of a party on the survey in the North-West territories for the Canadian Pacific Railway from Bird Tail Creek, north-westward ; and from March, 1881, to November, 1884, was chief engineer of the Ontario and Quebec Rail- way. He has been, from the latter date to the present, engineer on the Canadian Paci- fic Railway. Mr. Lumsden served his time, and subsequently practised as a P. L. S. in Woodville, in the County of Victoria, until 1881, when he removed to Toronto, where he remained until November, 1881, when he moved to Montreal, where he at present resides. He is a member of the St. Andrew's Society, of Toronto, and was elected a mem- ber of the Institute of Civil Engineers, England, in March, 1885. He was baptised in and still is a member of the Church of Eng- land. He married, in Toronto, on the 29th October, 1885, Mary Frederica, only daugh- ter of J. W. G. Whitney of that city. Maclennan, Donald Ban, Q.C., Barrister-at-Law, Cornwall, was born on the 17th October, 1836, in the County of Glengarry, Ontario. He is a son of Far- quhar Ban Maclennan, and Catherine Fraser, his wife. The latter died in 1841, and the former in 1868. D. B. Maclennan was edu- cated at Queen's College, Kingston, Ontario, graduating as B.A. in 1857, and taking the degree of M.A. in course in 1861. After graduating, Mr. Maclennan became head- master of the Watertown and Port Dover Grammar schools, until' May, 1861, when he commenced the study of law in the office of the late Honourable John Sandfield Mac- donald. the senior member of the law firm of Macdonald & Maclennan, in which his late brother, John B. Maclennan, was the junior member. In 1864, he continued his legal studies in the law office of Mowat & Maclennan, at Toronto, until August, 1865, when he was called to the bar. He imme- diately commenced the practice of his pro- fession at Cornwall, as the third member of the firm of Macdonald & Maclennan. The changes occasioned by the death of the late Mr. Macdonald, in 1872, and of the late John B. Maclennan, in 1873, resulted in the formation of the new firm of Maclennan & Macdonald, which continued the old busi- 770 A CYCLOPEDIA OF solved to try his fortune. Three years later he again sold out, and returned to Walsingham, re-engaging in his old busi- ness, in which he has continued up to the present time. In 1882, Mr. Morgan com- menced the manufacture of paints and colours, engaging a number of artizans. He was elected reeve of the township of Walsingham, and remained in the council for four years, giving marked satisfaction. In 1879, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, in the Conservative in- terest, for the South Riding of Norfolk, de- feating Oliver Austin, the Reformer, by a majority of 20 votes. He was elected again in 1883, defeating James McBurney, of Simcoe, by 29 votes, after an exciting con- test. He was the youngest member of the Ontario legislature at the time of his elec- tion. Mr. Morgan is a member of the Freemason lodge, No. 174, Walsingham Centre, and Simcoe Ezra chapter, No. 23. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion is a Methodist, but is not nar- row, according the right1 of conscientious choice of faith to every man and woman. Mr. Morgan is much devoted to out-door sports, but does not allow them to interfere with his business or with duty. He is a member of the old Walsingham volunteer company, and was stationed at Paris dur- ing the Fenian raid as a private, but he was promoted to the rank of corporal before his return home. At an early age he took a course at Kingston Military school, and received a second class certificate; and when the independent companies were or- ganized into a battalion, he was promoted captain of No. 4 company, 39th battalion, which position he held until 1885, when he was appointed paymaster of the battalion, holding that rank now. In 1871, he was appointed treasurer of the township of Wal- singham, but declined the position. He is also postmaster and agent of the G.N. W. Telegraph Company, and treasurer of the Walsingham Agricultural Society. He has always been a staunch advocate of manhood suffrage, and although young-looking in appearance, is yet old in public life. O'Reilley Miles, Q.C., Hamilton, On- tario, was born near Niagara Falls, on the 18th May, 1806. Both his grandfathers were U.E. loyalists, who fled from the United States at the close of the American revolu- tion. He received the greater portion of his education at the .Niagara Grammar school, and afterwards entered upon a study of law in the office of the late John Break- enbridge, in the old town of Niagara ; but, ness, and in which our subject was the senior member until 1883. The name and composition of the firm was then again changed, and the business has since the lat- ter date been carried on by the firm of Mac- lennan & Liddell, of which Mr. Maclennan is the senior member. He joined in the volunteer movement arising out of the Trent affair, and held a commission in the volun- teer force at Cornwall from 1862 to 1864, when he removed, temporarily, to Toronto. Mr. Maclennan has been a member of the Temporalities Board of the Presbyterian Church for the last three years, and a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees of Queen's University, of Kingston, since 1879. He was a candidate at the general election for the Dominion in 1878, in the Reform in- terest, for Cornwall, but was defeated by a majority of 38 votes. He is a member and elder in the Presbyterian Church, and mar- ried on the 12th July, 1871, Elizabeth Mar- garet, daughter of Samuel Cline, of Corn- wall, merchant. There have been eight children, two of whom are dead. Mr. Mac- lennan was appointed a Q.C. in 1876. Morgan, William, Walsingham Cen- tre, Ontario, M.P. P. for South Norfolk, was born in the village of Stirling, Hastings county, on the 8th December, 1848. He is a son of the late John Dwyer Morgan, by his wife, Jane, daughter of the late William Kingston, a prominent farmer in the County of Hastings. John Dwyer was born in Glamorganshire, Wales, and came early in life to Canada with his parents, who settled in the County of Hastings, and engaged in farming and lumbering. Mr. Morgan, the father of the subject of this sketch, at about the age of thirty, began for himself in the lumber trade, at which he continued, in Norfolk, until his death, in 1871. He was reeve of the township of Walsingham for some years, and took a conspicuous interest in militia matters, being captain of No. 4 company, 39th battalion, and organized a company at the time of the Trent emeute. He afterwards went to the front, being stationed at Paris at the time of the Fenian raid. He took an active interest in agri- cultural matters, being for a time treasurer of the South Norfolk Agricultural Society. He had a family of three, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. William Mor- gan received a common school education, and at the age of eighteen commenced busi- ness for himself as a merchant, in the village of Walsingham Centre, continuing at the same for five years, when he removed to the village of Port Rowan, where he re- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 771 upon the death of Mr. Breakenbridge, in 1828, Mr. O'Reilley went to Toronto, where he completed his studies in the office of the late Messrs. Baldwin & Son. He was called to the bar in 1830, whence it will be seen that he is now the oldest practising barrister in Ontario. Through his wide and sound knowledge of the law and his natural bril- liancy, he soon secured an extensive prac- tice. He was one of Sir Allan MacNab's "Men of Gore," who quenched the insur- rectionary flame at Montgomery's tavern, near Toronto ; and at the trial, in the fol- lowing spring, of the 106 prisoners confined in the Hamilton jail, charged with high treason, Mr. O'Reilley, unaided and alone, defended the whole of them. The late Chief- Justice Draper, and Mr. (afterwards Sir) Allan MacNab prosecuted for the Crown, Chief-Justice Macaulay hearing the case. Though public feeling was highly strained at the time, and though the prosecution was conducted with marked ability, the re- markable fact remains that not one of the whole number was convicted of the higher offence. The learned judge, at the close, paid Mr. O'Reilley an elaborate compliment on the ability and zeal with which he had conducted his case. On the 7th of February Mr. O'Reilley was appointed judge of the district court of the district of Gore, then embracing Wentworth, Halton, and Brant, and portions of Waterloo, Wellington, and Haldimand. In 1853, he resigned this office, and returned to practice in the courts, taking charge for a short period of the legal department of the Great Western Railway Company, whose affairs were then considerably embarrassed. Mr. O'Reilley was largely instrumental in bringing the affairs of the company back to a prosperous and satisfactory condition. Naturally, from what is known of Mr. O'Reilley personally and as a practitioner, we might expect to hear that he was, while upon the bench, an ideal judge. His quick and accurate in- sight, his command of legal principles, and his wide information, endowed him with the highest capacity for judicial administration. He was at the same time dignified and courteous, and a Brutus in his adherence to the line of justice. In 1856 he was ap- pointed Q.C., and in 1871 a master in Chancery. In 1880, being the fiftieth an- niversary of his call to the bar, the legal profession of the County of Wentworth presented him with a handsome service of plate, and an address signed by the mem- bers of the bar in the county. The pre- sentation was made in the new court house, in the City of Hamilton, in presence of a very large assemblage of ladies and gentle- men, the law students presenting him, on the same occasion, with a fine pipe of mam- moth size, and a piece of tobacco of corres- ponding dimensions. At this date (1886) Mr. and Mrs. O'Reilley, although well ad- vanced in years, still enjoy good health, and are probably the oldest surviving in- habitants of the City of Hamilton, where they have resided since 1831, and celebrated their golden wedding in 1883, at their house (The Willows), where they have lived for over fifty years. Mrs. O'Reilley is the second daughter of the late James Rany, late of Mount Pleasant, County of Brant, formerly of the City of Bath, England. Bellemare, Raphael, Inspector of Inland Revenue, District of Montreal, is descended from an old and honourable French family, which came from France to Canada about 1650, his father being Paul Bellemare, of Yamachiche, where Raphael was born on the 22nd February, 1821. His mother, Marguirite Gelenas, was sprung from the same old stock. Raphael Belle- mare received his primary education at his parent's home, and was sent to the College of Nicolet, to follow a course of classical studies. He was afterwards, from 1845 to 1847, professor of Belles Lettres in that illustrious institution. Leaving college, he began the study of law, repairing for that purpose to Montreal, and entered the office of the late P. R. Lafrenaye, A.C. He was subsequently transferred to the office of Judge Coursol, where he concluded his course of study. During the same time he, from 1847 to 1855, succeeded to the edi- torship of La Minerve, then the principal organ of the Lafontaine-Morin, or Reform party. As a writer he displayed great gifts, and there were always present in his contri- butions force and brilliancy, and a powerful logic. Through all the great questions that were discussed with such stormy temper, such as public schools, the secularization of the clergy reserves, and the representation by population, La Minerve was to the fore front, and the able pen of Mr. Bellemare conspicuously active. Abuse was hurled at him by L'Avenir, by Le Moniteur and by Le Pays, but he kept his temper, held his ground, and with dignity and ability fought his battle, winning the admiration and the gratitude of his friends. Mr. Bellemare being a devoted son of his church, there- fore, favoured the continuance of religious instruction in schools, contending that with- out such instruction the nation must event- 772 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ually grow into infidelity. And very prob- ably Mr. Bellemare was right. Mr. Belle- mare was admitted to the bar, but never practised there, he having been won away to the journalistic field where he accomplish- ed such doughty and brilliant work. At the confederation of the provinces he was appointed to the office which he fills at the present time ; and during his many years of official life no complaint has been uttered against him, he being a roost zealous and capable officer. He received a diploma as corresponding member of La Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie ; held the office of aiderman of St. Lewis ward, Montreal, for six years, showing great ability in this field, and receiving the hearty recognition of his fellow citizens. He was one of the ori- ginators, and the secretary, of the graduates of Nicolet College, which was held in 1866 ; was connected with the organization of the Canadian Zouaves ; and was for many years secretary of the St. Jean Baptiste Society. He has been one of the board of the Fab- rique of Notre Dame ; and is one of the directors of the Montreal City and District Savings bank. He has been for over twenty years president of the St. Vincent de Paul Society, and has been a prominent and ac- tive member in that body. He has kept up his literary connections, and his contribu- tions could always be known by their strong flavour of the writer's individuality. He is one of the founders of the Societe His- torique de Montreal, and is known for his taste for historical researches and his most valuable and rare collection of books. In 1849 he married Anastasie Geoffrion, daugh- ter of Romain Geoffrion dit St. Jean, of Boucherville. She died in 1882, having had five children, three sons and two daughters. The two daughters only are now living, Ma- thilde, the elder, is the wife of D. L. Desaul- niers, advocate, now in the parliamentary service at Ottawa, as French translator. Josephine is the wife of P. A. Jodoin, com- mercial and manufacturers' agent, residing at Beloeil. In May, 1885, Mr. Bellemare was a second time united in marriage, his present wife being Mde. M. L. Euchariste Normandin, who was the widow of the late Alfred Normandin, merchant, of Montreal. Conmee, James, Port Arthur, M.P.P. for West Algoma, was born in the township of Sydenham, County of Grey, on the 13th October, 1849. He is a son of Matthew and Rosanna (Shaughnessy), his mother being a native of the County of Leitrim, Ireland. Matthew Conmee came to Can- ada from the County of Sligo, Ireland, when very young, with his father, who settled near the present town of Belleville, where he engaged in the lumber trade. After re- maining here some time, he (the grandfather) removed to the township of Sydenham, where he engaged in farming. He died in 1850. One of his sons was Matthew, the father of the subject of this sketch, who also engaged in farming in the township of Syd- enham, leaving at his death in 1876, three of a family, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. James Conmee received a common school education, terminating his studies at the Owen Sound Grammar school, and left school about the age of fifteen. Thereafter he engaged at various occupa- tions for a short time. During the American war he enlisted in the Northern army in the 8th New York Cavalry, under the com- mand of General Custer. He was sent to the front; and was engaged in a battle shortly before the surrender of Lee. After the war was ended, he returned to Can- ada, and engaged in railway construction both in Canada and the United States, until 1871, when he removed to Port Arthur, Al- goma District, where he has been engaged in contracting and railroad building since. He tendered for Section A of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and upon his tender the work was let, a company being formed for the carrying out of the contract. Mr. Con- mee sold out to the company, taking a sub- contract from them for a portion of the same line. In 1877 he was elected to the town council of Port Arthur, and remained in that body for several years. In 1881, Mr. Con- mee was appointed a justice of the peace. In 1882, Mr. Conmee became actively en- gaged in the construction of the Canada Pacific Railway, east of Port Arthur, as the head of the firm of Conmee & McFennan, handling about sixty-four miles of the Lake Superior section. In 1884 the C. P. R. Co. commenced falling behind in payments, and Mr. Conmee's firm completed their contracts upon their own resources ; but owing to no settlement having been arrived at between Mr. Conmee and his firm with the C. P. R., he instituted a suit against the company for $300,000, the action being now in legal pro- gress. He was elected mayor in 1885, and in the same year was elected to the Ont- ario legislature, defeating I. C. Gough, the Conservative candidate, by a majority of eighty-three votes. He is a member of the Masonic craft, lodge No. 287, Port Arthur. In politics, he is a Reformer. Mr. Conmee is a Roman catholic ; and he married, in 1875, Emily F., daughter of Joseph Cox, of CAVAD/AV BIOGRAPHY. 773 the township of St. Vincent, County of Grey, and has by this lady a family of three children. In 1885, Mr. Conmee purchased the large saw and planing mills from Thomas Mark, of Port Arthur, and is engaged ex- tensively in the lumber trade. Mr. Conmee is a man of very great energy and enter- prise, and he gives promise of having a very useful legislative career before him. Todd, Alplieus, LL.D., C.B., deceas- ed, was born in England, in 1821, and came to Canada in 1833. Prior to the union of the provinces, he was assistant librarian to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, and was continued in the same office by the Legislative Assembly of United Canada, un- til 1856, when he was appointed chief libra- rian of the provinces. The library, when he first became connected with it, consisted of less than 1,000 volumes. Large and valu- able portions of subsequent additions were destroyed by fire in Montreal in 1851, and in Quebec in 1854. In the session of 1856 a library grant of £10 000 was made, and Mr. Todd was sent to Europe to expend it. He executed his important commission with the greatest skill and judgment, and thereby, it may be justly said, laid the main foundation of the present magnificent collection of up- wards of 108,000 volumes. It has been made under his care and supervision, and presents a catalogue which is the best monument of his indefatigable and most valuable labours in that direction. Having, as it were, grown up with his books, Mr. Todd had become an essential part of the library. A mind of universal literary receptivity, had enabled him largely to absorb and assimilate the vast stores upon its shelves. The numerous pon- derous folios containing the classified indexes are largely in his own clear and beautiful hand writing, and as an instant and exhaus- tive reference for authority or information in any volume which they contain, the ami- able librarian was never at fault. By mini- sters, public officers, the judiciary members of both houses and by authors, his services were in constant requisition, and no one left him without being strongly impressed with the clearness of his statements, the readiness of his richly stored memory, and the gentle courtesy with which he imparted its treasures, and to this may be added a never-failing promptness in conducting the large correspondence which his duties in- volved. Amid the absorbing duties of his office, however, and notwithstanding their exhaustive nature, he found time to supply valuable contributions to the history of con- stitutional and parliamentary government, and his works upon these subjects are au- thorities in England as well as in Canada. His principal works are entitled : (1). "The Practice and Privileges of Parliament" ; (2). " Brief Suggestions in regard to the Forma- tions of Local Governments" ; (3). " On the Position of a Constitutional Governor under Responsible Government"; (4). "Parlia- mentary Government in England " ; and (5). "Parliamentary Government in the British Colonies." Dr, Todd's work was remarkable for its wide range of thought, and for the clearness and accuracy of its observation. He was a man who seemed to have made a note of everything that passed, either actually or before his mind, that could be brought to bear upon the great subject to which he had consecrated his life. Into constitutional questions he seemed to have an intuitive insight, and his declarations upon the same are made in a simple, graceful and direct style that is as clear as running water. And the work will remain, and its opinions will be quoted as long as there exist parliaments based upon the spirit of the British constitution. The Edinburgh Review said :-" It is a remark- able circumstance that we should be indebt- ed to a resident in a distant colony, the lib- rarian of the Canadian House of Parliament, for one of the most useful and complete books which has ever appeared on the prac- tical operation of the British constitution." The Saturday Review said :-"At the first sight there seems a certain boldness in the notion of one whose experience is exclusive- ly colonial, venturing to instruct people at home in the nature and scope of the system by which they are governed. But Mr. Todd has kept himself so accurately informed up- on all that has been said and done in the mother country, and he has so diligently read everything that has been written here at all likely to throw light upon the subject, that nobody will detect the least colonial or provincial flavour in his book." Buell, Jacob Dockstader, Lieut.- Colonel, Brookville, Ontario, was born at the place of his present abode, on the 4th October, 1827. He is a son of the late William Buell, of the 7th Leeds militia, who held the medal with clasps for the bat- tle of Chrysler's Farm, 1813, and who was one of the representatives for the County of Leeds, in the Upper Canada Assembly, from 1828 to 1836 ; and he is a grandson of the late William Buell, a United Empire loyal- ist, and an officer of the King's rangers, who represented the County of Leeds in the Up- per Canada Assembly, from 1801 to 1804. 774 A CYCLOPEDIA OF J. D. Buell received a careful educational training, attending the minor and Grammar schools of his native place ; and upon com- pleting his course, entered upon the study of law, being called to the bar of Upper Can- ada at Michaelmas term, 1854. He first married Susan Chaffey, of Pittsburg, U. S., who died in December, 1857. He next married (1861) Margaret Sophia, fourth daughter of the late Rev. Edmund J. Senk- ler, M.A., formerly of Docking, Norfolk, England. Colonel Buell has always taken a deep interest in militia matters ; has held a seat in the Dominion Rifle Association, and is lieutenant-colonel in the 42nd battal- ion, Brookville. In the municipal affairs of Brockville, he has been a foremost figure, and served as mayor of the town for many years ; and he is a master in Chancery. In 1871 he contested Brockville riding for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, but was defeated ; but the following year he was elected to the House of Commons for the same constituency, being re-elected in 1874. In 1878 he was again in the field, but was defeated by Mr. Fitzsimmons. In politics Colonel Buell has always been a Liberal. Massey, Hart Almerni, President of the Massey Manufacturing Company, To- ronto, was born in the township of Haldi- mand, Northumberland county, Ontario, on the 29th of April, 1823. His grandfather settled in Canada in 1807, and served in the war of 1812, teaming for the troops from Kingston to Toronto, leaving his son, Daniel, a boy of only twelve years old, the entire charge and management of the homestead. He had to attend the market with grain, settle up accounts, and pay the men. Few boys at his age would have been able to do this. The grandfather was born in Vermont, and in 1803 removed with his family to Jef- ferson county, and in 1807 the family, as we have seen,crossed the border,having heard of the greater facilities for farming in Canada, and settled in the township of Haldimand. Daniel Massey imported one of the first thrashing machines brought into Canada in the year 1830, and afterwards imported others for use on his own land and for sending them out to thresh on neighbouring farms. Prior to the introduction of these machines, the grain had to be harvested by sickle and cra- dle and threshed in the barn by cattle being driven over the grain in the most primitive manner. Mr. Massey gave great attention to the clearing of wild lands, and under his personal supervision, as many as 1,200 acres were chopped and cleared, frequently em- ploying 100 hands at the work. H. A. Mas- sey received his early education in Jefferson county, New York state, where he had been sent to stay with his father's relations. On his return home he entered Victoria College, Cobourg, and remained there during the years 1842-44. While a boy he took great interest in machinery of all kinds, and de- lighted in devising improvements in farming implements. At school and at college, he not unnaturally exhibited the commanding intellectual parts which have distinguished him during his business career. Upon leav- ing college he became much interested in the management of his father's farms, and the desire for improved implements took such possession of his mind, that in the year 1847, he induced his father to establish a foundry and machine shop, for the manufacture of farming implements at Newcastle, Ontario. In the same year he married Eliza Ann Phelps, of Johnstown, New York, and soon afterwards took entire charge of his father's farms. In 1850, he was appointed justice of the peace for the Counties of Northumber- land and Durham, and continued to act in that capacity for twenty years. In 1851, he removed to Newcastle, and began to devote his attention practically to the subject with which he used to amuse his leisure hours when a boy. What he achieved it is hardly necessary to say, as every one has heard of the fame of the firm of which Mr. Massey is the head. In 1852, he was taken in as part- ner and business manager, and this year they commenced the manufacture of the " Ketchum Mower " and the " Burrell Reaper," the first reapers and mowers ever manufactured in Canada. In 1855, H. A. Massey became sole proprietor, his father (the founder of the business) retiring. On the 15th of November, of the following year he died, at the age of fifty-nine. The same year the " Manny Combined Reaper and Mower" was commenced; and the Hon. William McDougall, then editor of the Can- adian Farmer, purchased one of these mach- ines, a short time after. Six years later, the Wood's Mower appeared ; and in 1863, the justly celebrated Wood's Self-rake Reap- er was first made in Canada. For several years Mr. Massey worked side by side with the men employed in the factory, and was lit- erally one of them; his motto was then and is to-day, " never to ask a man to do anything he would not do himself." In 1863, he be- came a Freemason, and is now a master ma- son of Durham lodge. In 1864, a fire occur- red which destrojed the entire property, foundry and machine shops, some ten or CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 775 twelve buildings, including the stoveand tin- ware business, which was also carried on by him, the total loss being estimated at $30,000 -but with characteristic energy they were soon rebuilt, and on a much more extensive scale than before. In 1867 he made a tour through the United States, visiting the chief places of historic interest and the great manu- facturing centres,making notes of everything that struck him, as likely to aid in the devel- opment of his business on his return. During his absence, the management of the new ex- tensive establishment, devolved temporarily upon the shoulders of his eldest son, Charles Albert. [See sketch elsewhere.] In the same year he went to Paris, France, with a num- ber of machines which the government had purchased from him. The object of the pur- chase was to show the excellence of Cana- dian skill in the manufacture of farming implements, and for these he received sev- eral prizes. In 1870, his health began to fail, and his physicians ordered a temporary absence from business, and at their advice, the following year, he took up his residence in Cleveland, Ohio. On the 27th of Septem- ber of that year, the business was incorpo- rated, with a stock capital of $100,000, of which $63,000 was under the control of Mr. Massey, himself being appointed president, and his eldest son, C. A. Massey, vice-presi- dent and manager. Under the new manage- ment the business rapidly increased. In 1874, one of most successful implements, " Sharp's Horse Rake " was the first manu- factured. It received the highest honours at the Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876. The " Massey Harvester" was the next venture, which was commenced in 1878; the "Massey Mower" followed in 1879. The business had now assumed such vast proportions that greater facilities for shipment, and a better labour market were found indispensable. The company resolved then to remove to Toronto, which they did in the fall of that year. The amount of busi- ness done this year was $100,000. One im- portant rival-The Toronto Reaper and Mower Company-began to grow almost within hearing of the rumbling of the wheels of their own factory, but in 1881, this was absorbed into the Massey Manufacturing Company, necessitating an increase in the number of workmen, and with the result of doubling the business for the following year. In 1883, the total amount of business done was a million of dollars, an increase of over ten-fold that in 1871, when the company was was first incorporated. From the date of their establishment at Toronto, up to the present time, the business has never ceased to expand, and there are now employed throughout their splendid building, no fewer than from 400 to 500 men. Mr. Massey frequently visited Canada during his resi- dence in Cleveland, and personally super- vised the building of the works now located in Toronto. In 1882, the business had grown to such an extent that the younger members of the family were required to assist, and were made directors. At this time his health had been so far restored, that he was able to return to reside in Canada, and devote his whole attention to the business. Though now sixty-three years of age, he is still hale and active with the old energy and insight as pronounced as ever. His beard and hair are sprinkled with grey, but his movements reveal his force of character. In his business relations, Mr. Massey is a great favourite, and in private and social life he has many warm friends. He is genial, affable and kindly, and it would be impossible to come in contact with him for any length of time, and not see those qualities through which rightly exercised their possessor has become one of the most prominent manufacturers in the Dominion of Canada. In religion, he belongs to the Methodist church, and is recog- nized as one of its most worthy members. In politics he is a sound Liberal, believing that the principles held by that party are, and will eventually prove best for the country's gen- eral welfare. He has always taken great interest in public questions, municipal and general, and was for some time councillor for the village of Newcastle, and president of the Woollen Company in that place, and while residing in Cleveland, was president of the Street Railway Company, also of a prominent coal company in the United States, and in which he is still largely in- terested. He has had five children, four of whom are sons. The eldest, Charles Albert, was for thirteen years vice-presi- dent of the company ; the second is Chester Daniel; the third Walter Edward Hart- these two being directors of the company. The youngest son Frederick Victor, is now attending Toronto University. Some idea of the magnitude of their business, may be obtained from the following number of machines sold : - 30,000 " Sharp's Horse Rake ; " 12,000 " Massey Harvester;" 6,000 "Massey Mower;" 20,000 "Toronto Mow- er;" about 5,000 " Binders." To this might be added as many more, which we have no space to mention of other machines. From one end of Canada to the other, as well as to numerous foreign markets, the firm 776 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ships its goods. Year after year the in- creasing business has necessitated large additions to the works, and the expendi- ture of enormous sums of money for tools and machinery. In 1884, a large four story addition and elaborate offices, library and reading room, lecture room, dining and con- cert hall for the use of the employees was completed-making one of the handsomest and most extensive manufacturing establish- ments on the continent. In 1885, the de- mand for their machines in the North-West, had grown to such an extent, that a hand- some new office building and store house were erected in Winnipeg. At the great International Exhibition held at Antwerp, Belgium, 1885, they were awarded the gold medal of the highest class for their exhibit, one of each of their machines hav- ing been selected by a committee appointed by the Canadian government, to represent Canadian harvesting machinery. The men who have assisted the farmer to produce so much more, and with far less labour, should surely be esteemed public benefactors, and it is honour to the country that we have such " Representative Canadians." Massey, Charles Albert, deceased, the eldest son of H. A. Massey, President of the Massey Manufacturing Co., Toronto, was born at the old homestead in the town- ship of Haldimand, Northumberland county, on the 20th September, 1848. From his earliest years he was of a thoughtful turn of mind, and when other boys of his own age were seeking pleasure in out-door sports, he was frequently found busy at study. He matured early, and preferred the society of those older than himself. At the age of thirteen, he had attained such proficiency on the organ, that he commenced to under- take the duties of organist in the Methodist church, at Newcastle, and continued to do so for three years. His early education was received, first under the care of a gover- ness at the home of his grandfather, after- wards attending the academy at Newcastle, and for a short time, the common school, and later, the Grammar school, which was instituted about this time. At sixteen, he entered Victoria College, Cobourg, where he remained two years. While at school and college he gave unmistakable evidence of ability, and the integrity which character- ised his subsequent connection with his father's business. In 1866, at the age of eighteen, now possessed of a sound educa- tion, he longed to enter the practical busi- ness of life, and leaving college at once en- tered his father's factory, and exchanged the student's gown for the smock and over- alls, and commenced in the iron foundry department. He was brought into close contact with the workmen and machinery, and made familiar with the business to which he devoted his life. In the fall of this year he made a tour of the Western States, with his younger brother and sister, and two aunts, visiting Kalamazoo, Chicago, Dubuque, and Cleveland. At the place first named, he met, for the first time, the young lady who afterwards became his wife. Returning home after a few weeks he took a course at the British American Commerci- al College, Toronto, and afterwards a course at the Military school for about two months. This concluded the student life, and a few months after his return home, the responsi- bility of the management of his father's business devolved upon him, owing to his father's trip to the Paris Exposition in the summer of 1867. To this task he proved himself equal, and there were no disasters to be accounted for to his father on his re- turn. This responsibility and experience was of great value to him. He was at this time not nineteen years of age. In 1870, the business was incorporated under the name of the Massey Manufacturing Co. His father, H. A. Massey, was appointed president, and Charles Albert, vice-presi- dent and manager. On the 12th October, he married Jesse Fremont, third daughter of Hiram Arnold, of Kalamazoo, Michigan, and after a brief wedding tour to Detroit and Cleveland, they took up their resi- dence in the old homestead, with its exten- sive verandah and spacious grounds, which they occupied for nine years. The year following his marriage (1871) his father's health necessitated his absence from the cares of business, and removal of himself and family to Cleveland, Ohio, leaving Charles sole representative of the family at Newcastle. At the end of five years the business had increased fifty per cent. Every appliance, extension, or help were seized upon by the young manager, and his un- bounded hopes were never blighted. In 1877 he was appointed one of the village council, and was perhaps the youngest can- didate ever elected to that office. In addi- tion to this he was for some time one of the directors of the Ontario Bank, and was sought after to stand for political honours, but declined, he having his time fully occu- pied in the management of the business, one of his principles being that whatever he undertook to do, to do it with all his might. His father, during this time, made him oc- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 777 casional visits, but had little or nothing to do with the management of the business, more than to give advice. In 1879 the busi- ness was double that of 1870, and the re- moval of the works to a more convenient location became necessary. Consequently ar- rangements were made and new premises erected in Toronto, under the personal super- vision of H. A.. Massey. The management of such a concern as now rested upon his shoulders was too great a strain upon his constitution. Up to this time, in addition to the general duties ®f manager, he had at- tended to all the advertising, the engaging the men, adjusting the wages, puchasing the stock, superintending the agencies and sales, and attending to the correspondence and banking. Sometimes, in connection with his other duties, he would write as many as 100 or 150 letters in a day. This continual anxiety and responsibility serious- ly affected his health, and necessitated a rest and change of scene. In September, 1883, he made a trip to Manitoba, accompa- nied by his wife. While it was mainly for change and rest, it was partly on business that the tour was made. On the return journey from Brandon to Winnipeg he was taken seriously ill, but in about three days was able to resume his journey homeward. Toward the end of January, 1884, he was again attacked, and confined to his room, which he never left. He died on the 12th February, 1884, aged thirty-five, of typhoid fever, beloved by hosts of friends and his many relations, leaving a widow and five children. His chief characteristics were a wonderful aptitude for managing men, comprehensiveness and originality of mind, and a clear perception and unerring judg- ment. He had'a complete control over his temper under the most trying circumstances. A memorial stained glass window has been placed in the office of the works. Van Straubenzie, Bowen, Lieut. - Colonel, Montreal, Deputy Adjutant Gen- eral, of the Canadian Militia, was born at Spenithorne, County of York, on the 12th of April, 1829. He is the third surviving son of the late Thomas Van Straubenzie, major in the Royal artillery, and Maria, youngest daughter of the late Major Bowen. His an- cestor, Philip William Casimir, was a cap- tain in the Dutch guards, and came to England from the Netherlands ; and his younger brother, General A. Van Strau- benzie, was governor of Lutphen. The fam- ily held high rank in the Netherlands, as the prefix "Van " indicates noble descent. Philip William Casimir was naturalized by act of parliament, and married Jane, only daughter of Cholmeley Turner, of Kirk- leatham, County York, by Jane, grand- daughter and sole heiress of Sir Henry Mar- wood, baronet, of Busby Hall, County of York, and by her he had issue, Marwood Turner and Charles Spencer, the latter mar- rying Anne Theophila, daughter of the Rev. J. Davison, of Blakiston, County Durham,, and grand daughter of Sir George Vane, of Raby, and had issue, with others, Thomas. Lieut -Col. Van Straubenzie is nineteenth in direct descent from King Edward III. (See " Burke's Royal Families," and "Burke's Landed Gentry)." Lieut.-Colonel Van Strau- benzie was educated at St. Peter's, York, the Grammar school, Richmond, County York, and at Woolwich. He entered the army in 1846, as ensign, in the 32nd Regt., and was present with his regiment at the first and second siege operations before Mooltan, including the action of Sorozkornd, and received a medal and clasp. He was very severely wounded on the 28th Decem- ber, 1848, and his brave conduct was men- tioned in the despatches. He also served with the 32nd on the frontier of India in J 851-2, under Sir Colin Campbell, and was present at the affairs of Nawardund, Prun- ghur, and Shaskoti, receiving a medal and clasp. He served in the Crimea from Octo- ber, 1855, to May, 1856, on the staff of his brother, Sir Charles Van Straubenzie, who commanded the first brigade of the Light division. He served in China from 1858 to I860, on the staff, as brigade major, and was present with the expeditionary force in every engagement from its landing at Pehtang to the occupation of Pekin, and received therefor the medals and clasps, and rank of major. His condnct was likewise mentioned in the despatches. He served on the staff in Mauritius, from 1862 to 1866 ; served with the N.W. field force, under the command of Sir F. Miduleton, against the re- bel sin 1885, and was in command of the Infan- try Brigade at the battle of Batoche. For this he received a medal and clasp, and was mentioned in the despatches. He came with his regiment to Canada direct from the Crimea, and married on the 9th October, 1857, Annie Macaulay, second daughter of the late John S. Cartwright, M.P., for the counties of Lennox and Addington, and has issue, Arthur Hope, a lieutenant in the Royal engineers ; Bowen William, a lieuten- ant in the 24th Regiment, or South Wales Borderers ; Casimir Cartwright, Charles Turner, and three daughters. Lieutenant- Colonel Van Straubenzie retired from the 778 A CYCLOPEDIA OF army in 1868, purchasing a property near Kingston, Ontario, where his family at pres- ent reside. He was appointed to the com- mand of the Third Military District in May, 1876, and transferred to the Fifth District, in 1881, which he at present commands. Lt.-Colonel Van Straubenzie had two uncles killed in the Peninsular war ; one a captain in the 24th Regiment, at the siege of Cui- dad Rodrigo, and the other as a lieutenant in the 40th Regiment, at the storming of Badajos. It may be added that the great uncle of our subject, Marwood Turner, lieutenant-colonel, commanding 52nd Regi- ment, served in India, and in the American war. He was a deputy-lieutenant for the North Riding of Yorkshire, and was subse- quently appointed vice-lieutenant, in which capacity he acted for many years, during the absence of the lord lieutenant. He was colonel of the " Loyal Dabs," a corps 1540 strong, which he raised, and afterwards col- onel of the North York Militia regiment. Lt .-Colonel Van Straubenzie's grand-father is at present the only member of the family who has not served the Crown in the army or navy. Since it came to England there are but few families that can show such a record. Workman,Tlios.II., Montreal,Hard- ware Merchant and Banker, was born near Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland, on the 17th June, 1813. He emigrated to Canada in May, 1827, in a sailing ship, which was dismasted at sea, and arrived at Quebec, after a passage of fifty-nine days. He is the seventh son of Joseph Workman, formerly of County Londonderry, Ireland, whose an- cestors originally came from Oxfordshire, England, during the time of Cromwell. Mr. Workman received his primary education in Ireland, which was afterwards completed at the Union school, Montreal, where he re- ceived a thorough mercantile training, as well as a good knowledge of English gram- mar, classics, and mathematics. He was a volunteer during the Canadian rebellion in 1837 and 1838, and was present at the bat- tle of St. Eustache, the march upon St. Benoit, and other minor operations, and did garrison duty in Montreal during both the above winters. He was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in March, 1838, and as such was an officer in command of the Montreal gaol guard, where over five hun- dred political prisoners were confined. On one of these occasions he signed the receipt for the bodies of two important persons committed to gaol for treason. Both these gentlemen afterwards filled important posi- tions in the governments of Canada. They died several years ago, much esteemed and regretted. Mr. Workman is a senior part- ner in the extensive and long-established firm of Frothingham & Workman, iron and hardware merchants, whose reputation and credit stand amongst the first in the Domin- ion. He entered the employ of that firm as office boy and junior clerk, fifty-two years ago, and has been connected with it ever since. In 1843, he became a partner, and soon assumed the chief management and control of that important establishment. He has been engaged on the same premises, in St. Paul street, for fifty-two years. Dur- ing that time, however, they have been re- built and much enlarged. The firm has always been distinguished for honourable dealing and truthful statements, and has uniformly imported the highest quality of goods. Mr. Workman is president of Mol- sons Bank, and has been for twenty-nine years on the board of direction, the last seven of which he has been president. He is also president of the Sun Life Assurance Company, and has held that position since its establishment, thirteen years ago. He is a director in the City and District Sav- ings Bank, an institution having over 33,500 depositors, and controlling a very large amount of cash. He is also a director in the Canada Shipping Company, and has been president, for two years, of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society. He was unanimously elected to the House of Com- mons, at Ottawa, for Montreal Centre, im- mediately after confederation, in 1867. He sat till the close of that parliament, and de- clined renomination, although pressed to come forward again. He was, however, in- duced to offer himself, in 1875, for Mont- real West, and was opposed by Thomas White, whom he defeated, after a very sharp and animated contest. He thus, on two occasions, represented in the Commons the two most important constituencies in the Dominion. He is a life governor of the Fraser Institute and Free Library, of Mon- treal, to the establishment of which he has liberally contributed. He has also contri- buted largely to the McGill University, and to the School of Medicine connected there- with, as well as to many other public insti- tutions in Montreal. He was a member of the old "Doric Club," founded in 1836, with the view of preserving the connection of Canada with Great Britain. This was a most useful and active institution during the troubles of 1837 and 1838, assisting the gov- ernment very materially on important occa- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 779 siona. It numbered about one hundred and fifty members, of whom not more than two are known to be now alive. Mr. Workman has travelled over the greater portion of the United States and Canada ; also over Eng- land, Ireland and Scotland, and Europe except Russia), on three several occasions. His religious views are very broad and lib- eral. He claims the right of private judg- ment, independent of creeds and dogmas, and willingly concedes the same to all par- ties. He is a disciple of Darwin, Tyndall, Huxley and Spencer, and a firm believer in the ultimate triumph of their teachings. He left school in 1829, and ever since has been a hard worker, often for weeks at a time, for sixteen hours per day. He commenced life with a distinct determination that in- dustry, honesty and honour should guide all his actions. Acting on these, he has suc- ceeded in building up a very large business, acquiring a handsome independence, and a reputation of the highest order in every sec- tion of Canada. He has resided in Montreal for fifty-nine years, and has witnessed the marvellous changes which have taken place during that time. But these would fill volumes, and cannot be further noticed here. Ldinisden, John MacVcigli, Galt, Ontario, was corn at Futteyghur, East In- dies ; and is a son of the late Colonel Thomas Lumsden, C.B., of Belhelvie Lodge, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. [For a full gene- alogical record of the family see "Burke's Peerage."] His mother was Hay, second daughter of John Burnett, of Elrich, Aber- beenshire. The other members of the family were six sons and five daughters, viz., General Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden, now of Belhelvie Lodge; John MacVeigh Lumsden, the subject of this sketch ; Thomas Lums- den, late of St. Francoise Xavier (who was killed in September, 1880, by being gored by a bull belonging to himself); General Sir Peter Stark Lumsden, lately commis- sioner for the settlement of the Afghan boundary ; William Henry Lumsden, who was killed in action, near Delhi, on the 25th August, 1857, a lieutenant in the 68th Native infantry, and second in command of the 1st Punjaub infantry ; and Hugh David Lumsden, engineer, Canadian Pacific Railway. Of the five daughters, the eldest married the Rev. James John- stone, of Potterton, Aberdeenshire ; the second married the late Colonel John Patton, of Grandholme, Aberdeenshire ; the third married Captain George Cleg- horn (now Tancred), an officer in the Scotch Greys, now of Weens, Roxborough- shire ; the fourth is unmarried. ; and the fifth married the late Captain Frank Sher- lock, of Brighton, England. J. M. Lums- den received a thorough education, attend- ing school at Bromeley, Kent, England, and subsequently entering Marishal College, Aberdeen, Scotland. Mr. Lumsden has had considerable political experience. He was reeve for a number of years of the township of Pickering, and afterwards represented. South Ontario in the House of Commons. Mr. Lumsden never became a party chattel, reserving the right to think and act for himself upon all political questions. He was elected by the Liberal-Conservative party, but maintained his independence. In religion he gives his allegiance to Presby- terianism. He married in 1864, Margaret Ballengal MacKay, of Caithness-shire, Scot- land, by whom he has had three children, two boys and a girl. Tait, Melbourne McTaggart, Q.C., Montreal, was born at Melbourne, Quebec, on the 20th May, 1842. He was the young- est son of the late Thomas Tait, who settled at Melbourne in 1834, and who afterwards became one of the leading men in the town- ships. He was educated at St. Francis Col- lege, where he pursued the usual branches of study. In 1859, he commenced the study of law, at Montreal, in the office of Bethune & Dunkin, and attended the lectures on law in the University of McGill College, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law, in the spring of 1862. After being admitted to the bar, in June, 1863, he commenced the practice of the profession at Melbourne, in partnership with the Hon. W. H. Webb, Q.C. In 1870, he removed to Montreal, and became a partner of the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, Q.C., with whom he is still associated, the firm name now being Abbott, Tait, Abbotts & Campbell. His departure from Melbourne was deeply regretted, as he had always taken an active interest in the public institutions of his native place, and when he left, carried away with him many marks of the high esteem in which he was held by his townsmen. The legal firm with which Mr. Tait is connected has always stood in the first rank : and since Mr. Ab- bott's retirement, some years ago, from ac- tive practice, Mr. Tait has been its practical head. He has been engaged in many im- portant cases. In February, 1882, he was appointed a Queen's Counsel, and has for some years held the office of treasurer of the bar of Montreal. Mr. Tait has been a prominent member of the Masonic order, 780 A CYCLOPEDIA OF known, have a genius ; and the Kingston it Pembroke Railway, an undertaking of gigantic importance, considering the confor- mation of the surface over which it passed, is a monument of their courage and ability. Most of those who knew the nature of the route, with its enormous rocks and steep hills ; its deep gorges, and stretches of bog ; the tangle of forest, the lakes and rivers in the way, dismissed from their minds the practicability of ever being able to construct thereover an iron road. The Folger Brothers saw the obstacles, but they were not de- terred. How successful was their under- taking is now a matter of history ; and the extensive and important territory pierced by the road must ever remain under a debt of gratitude to these sturdy and courageous men. The elder brother, Benjamin, the subject of this sketch, is a man of fine char- acter, generous and manly ; and his great strength of purpose is plainly written on his face. As an instance of the magnitude of the difficulties in the construction of the Kingston and Pembroke road, it may be stated that no less than eight contractors en- gaged for the construction, but one after an- other withdrew or failed. Chisholm, McDon- ald & O'Brien, men of good calibre,however, took the contract, and performed the great task with thorough success. Mr. Folger is largely interested in iron mining in conmc- tion with his larger railway operations. Hj devotes himself to his own affairs ; belongs to no secret society or political party ; and has never voted. In religion he is a " Chris- tian without a creed." He married on the 27th January, 1864, Antoinette Louise Jones. Trerice, Alexander, Dresden, On- tario, was born in the township of Yar- mouth, County of Elgin, Ontario, on July 8th, 1835. His father was Isaar Trerice, who was born at Nova Scotia, and is still living, though in his 84th year ; and his mother was Euphemia McKillop, of Scot- land. Alexander Trerice received a com- mon school education, and at an early age engaged in such employment as offered ; for when he was a lad nearly everybody was obliged to throw off hi& coat, roll up his sleeves, and enter into the hard work of pioneering. But young Trerice had plenty of ambition, and he had the good judgment, likewise, to not hesitate in entering any employment that he could use as a stepping- stone to something better. At first, there- fore, we find him engaged as a carpenter and joiner ; after a time as a carriage and waggon manufacturer ; and next eringect his career as a Mason having commenced in St. Francis lodge, Richmond, P.Q., in 1863. After having filled several subordinate offi- ces, he was elected master in 1867, and this office he held for two years. He also filled the office of grand steward of the Grand Lodge of Canada. On his removal to Montreal, he became a member of the Royal Albert lodge, G.R.Q , of which he is still a member. He was one of those who took an active part in bringing about a settle- ment between the Grand Lodges of Can- ada and Quebec, when the latter, owing to confederation, formed itself into a separ- ate grand lodge ; and he was ever found amongst those who anxiously sought to heal all differences in an amicable manner. He was an active member of the board of general purposes from the formation of the Grand Lodge of Quebec until the board was abolished in 1881. In 1871, he was elected district deputy grand master for Montreal, and was re-elected the following year. In 1876, he was elected to the office of deputy grand master, and at the annual communication, held in 1877, was unani- mously elected grand master, at which time he was probably the youngest G.M. in the fraternity. This position he occupied for two years. Mr. Tait was chairman of the committee for the revision of the Ritual, and also of the committee for the revision of the Constitution, and has been for some time chairman of the committee on Juris- prudence. He took second and first-class certificates at the Military School at Que- bec, in 1864; was lieutenant of one of the companies of the 54th battailion, when it was called out at the time of the Fenian raid ; and subsequently became captain of the same company, from which position he retired, retaining his rank, on his removal to Montreal. In 1863, Mr. Tait married Monica, daughter of the late James Holmes, of Montreal, who died at Kingston, in 1876. In 1878, he married Miss Kaign, of New- port, R.I. He has several children. Mr. Tait is a member of the Church of England, and a Conservative in politics. Folger, Benjamin Webster, King- ston, Ontario, was born at Cape Vincent, N. Y., on the 24th April, 1838. He is a son of Frederic A. and Laura Folger, and re- ceived his educational training at Cape Vin- cent. Mr. Folger is one of those capable and enterprising citizens of the great repub- lic to the south of us, to whom the country is indebted for some of her most important national achievements. For railway con- struction the Folger Brothers, as they are CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. for himself a saw mill, which is still in his possession. He also built three steamboats and two sailing-vessels : and at the present has about $50,000 invested in boat prop- erty. Mr. Trerice was reeve of the village of Dresden from 1876 to 1880 ; was warden of the County of Kent in 1880 and 1881, and was the first mayor of the town of Dres- den. For twenty years he has been a mag- istrate and commissioner, and he has been connected with every public enterprise in which the interests of the town were in- volved, since its incorporation. Mr. Trerice is a member of the Methodist communion. He was first married on March 6th, 1856, but his wife died ; and he married again on the 23rd April, 1885. We may add that Mr. Trerice moved to Dresden from Yar- mouth in 1855, and has remained there ever since. His personal history has been part, and a conspicuou part, of the political and commercial history of Dresden as a village and as a town. Foster, Hon. George Eulis, Apoh- aqui, New Brunswick, A.B., D.C.L., M.P. for King's, N. B., and Minister of Marine and Fisheries, was born on September 3rd, 1847, in the Province of New Brunswick. He is a son of John Foster, who was a descendant of a U. E. loyalist who settled in New Brunswick in 1783, by Margaret (Haney) Foster, who was descended, on her father's side, from German stock. George Eulis Fester attended the com- mon schools, the superior school in King's county, and entered the University of New Brunswick in September, 1865, at the head of the matriculating class, and was winner in a strong competition for the King's county scholarship at the same uni- versity. He took, during his first year, the Douglas gold medal for an English essay, in a competition open to all the classes, and won the compound achromatic microscope, as a first prize, for natural science. His strong points at college were mathematics and classics, with a strong liking for English literature and history. He graduated in 1868 ; tausht the Grammar school at Grand Falls, N.B. ; became superior of the school at Fredericton Junction, and in the Baptist Seminary at Fredericton, one year at each. He became principal of the Ladies' High school at Fredericton in 1870, and was ap- pointed professor of classics and history in the University of New Brunswick, in 1871. He studied at Edinburgh, Scotland, and Heidelberg, Germany, and took at the former a medal, one first, and three other prizes. He assumed the duties of his chair in the University of New Brunswick in 1873, and occupied the same until January 1st, 1879, when he resigned. Acadia Col- lege, N.S., conferred upon him the title of D.C.L., in 1885. He was examiner in Grammar and English at the Provincial Normal schools, Fredericton, from 1874 to 1879. Early in life-in the thirteenth year of his age-Mr. Foster identified himself with the order of the Sons of Temperance, later with the British Templars, the United Temperance Association, the Dominion Al- liance, and the International Temperance Association. He filled the offices of G. W. P. Sons of Temperance ; Most Worthy Grand Templar of the British Templars of Canada ; National Chief of the United Temperance Association, Vice-President and President of the Executive of the Dominion Alliance of Canada, and president, for four years, of the International Temperance Association. During Professor Foster's occupancy of the University chair, he frequently delivered lectures and addresses upon temperance topics, and upon his resignation of the chair he engaged in an extensive lecturing tour, delivering addresses on the total abstinence and prohibition questions in all the prov- inces of Canada, and most of the eastern and western States of the United States. He likewise edited several temperance pa- pers. He has been identified for many years with the Y.M.C.A. of Fredericton, and was a member of the executive of the International Sabbath school Committee. After a lecturing tour of remarkable suc- cess, Professor Foster resolved to try what fortune had in store for him in the poli- tical sphere ; though considering how wide and how brilliant his achievements had been, we may be sure that he had no mis- givings in taking the contemplated step. In looking about him for a constituency, naturally that one nearest his heart, the county wherein he first drew breath, sug- gested itself, and to King's he went, though it was represented by that stalwart poli- tician, Col. James Doraville. The friends of Mr. Doraville considered the act of Pro- fessor Foster as one that could be properly described only by the phrase " cheeky," but what they thought made no difference to the young candidate-he proceeded with his canvass, addressing the people every- where upon the leading national topics. Against such eloquence as Professor Foster brought into the field, Major Doraville was powerless, but apart from his ability as a debater, the people of King's had put the highest estimate upon the integrity of the 781 782 A CYCLOPEDIA 01 character of the young candidate. Mr. Foster was elected in June, 1882. The election was voided, and he was again elected in November, 1882. He was re-elect- ed, after his acceptance of office, again on December 31st, 1885. His majority in June, 1882, was 71 votes ; in November, 1882, 281 votes, and in December, 1885, 384 votes. On December 10th, 1885, he was sworn of the Privy Qouncil, and in- vested with the portfolio of marine and fisheries. Professor Foster has travelled in all the provinces of Canada, and through the greater portion of the United States, hav- ing visited England, Scotland, France, Ger- many, and Switzerland. He is a member of the Free Baptist denomination, and for many years has been, and is now, a pro- minent member of its conference, and he was president of the Union Baptist Educa- tional Society in 1884-5. The Hon. George Eulis Foster is a Liberal-Conservative in politics-a full believer in the future great- ness of Canada. He favours a British con- nection, merging into an Imperial Federa- tion, of all the colonies with the home country, on terms that shall preserve local self-government and community of trade and defence. He is a supporter of the C.P. Railway scheme, in the interests of a fuller union, an increased interprovincial trade, an enlarged foreign commerce, as also for the settlement and development of our great North-West. Professor Foster was an im- portant addition to the Canadian Cabinet. He is one of the foremost speakers in the country, if force and clearness of statement, fluency/and adherence to logic can entitle him to that place. He is a man of great energy, and of boundless nervous force. A literary grace pervades his style, but his speeches are never florid, or beyond the bounds of good taste in this respect. There is a singular earnestness in his manner, and nearly every speech that he delivers re- solves itself into a series of propositions, one consequent upon the other. As we have said, he is a speaker of much force, and sometimes his eloquence rises to the height of passion. After the Hon. George Eulis Foster has acquired a little more par- liamentary experience, men with open joints in their armour would do well not to provoke him to conflict. Smith, Hon. Donald Alexander, Montreal, Pictou, N. S., and Fort Garry, Winnipeg, was born in the North of Scot- land, at Morayshire, in the year 1821. He there received a careful classical education, and when his course terminated, came to Canada. There is no other public man in this country whose career has been more prominently identified with the history of our great North-West than the Hon. Donald A. Smith. Early in life he entered the em- ploy of the Hudson Bay Company, and rose from post to post till he became a direc- tor, and afterwards resident governor and chief commissioner of the Hudson Bay Company. In 1870, he was appointed a mem- ber of the Executive Council of the North- West territories, and he was a special com- missioner appointed to enquire into the causes, nature and extent of the North- West insurrection of 1869-70 ; and for the tact, the care, and the comprehensiveness with which he performed this important duty, he received the special thanks of the Governor-General-in-Council. Mr. Smith is patron of the Manitoba Rifle Association ; was the first president of St. Andrew's So- ciety, in Winnipeg ; and has been connected, in high official capacities, with the following companies, viz.:-the Mitchell Steamship Co.; the Bank of Manitoba ; the Railway Equipment and Railway Stock Co.; and likewise with the Manitoba Presbyterian College. Mr. Smith represented Winnipeg and St. John in the Manitoba Assembly from its first sitting, in 1871, until January, 1874, when he resigned, in order to confine his attention to the House of Commons. He was first returned to the Commons on the admission of Manitoba into the union, in 1871 ; was re-elected at the general election of 1874, and again at the general election of 1878. In politics, he may be described as an independent Conservative, as witness this declaration of his own :-" As he has no favours to ask, and nothing personal to desire, from any government, he will sup- port only such measures as are conducive to the advancement of Manitoba and the North- West territories, in the first instance, and to the general prosperity of the Dominion." Mr. Smith was the last resident governor of the Hudson Bay Company, as a governing body. He has likewise been a director and member of the executive committee of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company ; is vice- president of the Bank of Montreal, and was one of those who went through, on the first train on the Canadian Pacific Railway, from ocean to ocean. He was present on the 7th of November, 1885, at Craigellachie, B.C., when the last spike was driven in that great undertaking. The Hon. Donald A. Smith has one of the finest private residences in the Dominion, at Montreal ; he likewise has a seat at Pictou, N.S., and another at Sil- GA NA DI A N BIOGRAPHY. 783 ver Heights, Fort Garry, Manitoba. Mr. Smith has always taken a deep interest in the cause of education and in 1883 present- ed to McGill college the munificent sum of $50,000 as an endowment for collegiate classes and eventually for the higher educa- tion of women ; and he was one of the pur- chasers for presentation to the same college, of the superb Shakesperian library of the late Thomas D. King. Mr. Smith has a deep admiration for art, and has a valuable and beautiful collection of pictures, among which are works by Raphael, Rembrandt and Van Dyck. For a picture by J. A. Aitken, representing the Falls of Niagara, viewed from the extreme edge of the Amer- ican side, he paid $2,500. Mr. Smith mar- ried Isabella, daughter of the late Richard Hardisty, who at one time served as an officer in the British army, and some time afterward in the Hudson Bay Company. Upon the whole, his career has been charac- terized by marked individuality and strength of character,by fine abilities, and the highest sense of public integrity and honour. We trust that there is yet many years of useful- ness before this distinguished and deserving public man. <>J ray don, John, Streetsville, Ontario, was born in the County of Fermanagh, Ire- land, on the 23rd of December, 1836. He came to Canada with his parents in 1843, and settled with them in the village of Streetsville, where he has remained till the present. His parents were William and Margaret (Gardner) Graydon, and his fore- fathers emigrated from Scotland to the North of Ireland, as many others did, on ac- count of religious persecution. The Gray- don family is a very ancient one, and the coat of arms shows a hand and dagger, hunt- ing horn, compass and square, denoting that they were warriors, sportsmen, and mechan- ics. The educational advantages of young Graydon were such as the village of Streets- ville afforded him, until he was sixteen years of age. Mr. Graydon has filled the office of councillor for the village of Streets- ville, from 1867 until 1877 ; the office of reeve for four years ; and he was appointed a magistrate on the 14th of November, 1871. He has served in that capacity since that date with eminent public satisfaction. Mr. Graydon was the first to move in the agita- tion to get railway communication to Streets- ville, and this agitation led to the building of the Credit Valley, now a section of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He exerted him- self for years in that movement, in connec- tion with the late lamented James Gooder- ham and others. Mr. Graydon is a sturdy Conservative in politics, and has worked for and with his party faithfully and with zeal, but in all his career he never purchased a vote. He has been a private member of the Orange order for thirty years, and has also been a member of various temperance socie- ties, and has been a total abstainer since he was seventeen years of age. At that early timehe joined the Methodist church,of which he is still a member. He is actively asso- ciated in church work, especially in that of the Sabbath school, having been associated with one Sabbath school for over thirty- six years. Mr. Graydon married, on the 31st day of January, 1866, Jane Anderson, by whom there are living one son and three daughters. He engaged in lumbering, in connection with a saw mill, planing mill, and a sash and door factory. He has en- gaged likewise in building and contracting ; and has a coal yard, and brick yard, and other important branches of business upon his hands. He is a gentleman of marked enterprise, of good ability, and of the highest integrity of character. Morgan, William Sidney, Hamilton, was born in Toronto, January 12th, 1839. His father, Richard Morgan, and mother, Catherine Elizabeth, came to this country from England, in the year that King George IV. died (1830;, and settled at Peterboro'. Thence they moved to Brantford, where they remained for a short time. In 1836, Mr. Morgan moved to Toronto, and started a large carriage business, which was success- ful ; but like many others, he was not satis- fied, and sold out the business, going to the States. But he did not care for living in the States, and soon returned to Canada, settling in Hamilton (1847), where he en- tered into business, and after a few years retired. Mr. Morgan's mother is a daugh- ter of the late George Gwinne Bird, of Bow- manville. Dr. Bird was a pupil of Dr. Abernethy, and waited on him when he per- formed some of his great surgical opera- tions. Dr. Bird had a record of the pedi- gree of his ancestors back to William the Conqueror. Richard Morgan had four sons, George, William, Robert, and Benjamin, and in 1860, he started them in commerce ; George in the drug, and William, Robert, and Benjamin in the flour and grain busi- ness, under the name of Morgan Brothers. In 1869, the firm erected large flouring mills, the operation of which turned out very successful. In 1801, William S. Mor- gan married Jinnettee Richardson, of Ham- ilton. Their family consists of two sons 784 A CYCLOPEDIA OF and two daughters. Mr. Morgan has taken a very active part in municipal business. In 1881, he was elected an aiderman, and has held that position ever since. When the new board of health was formed for the City of Hamilton, he was elected ■chairman, and held that position for two years. During his chairmanship, he in- troduced, and had carried out, several im- provements in the sanitary departments of the city. He introduced the measure for scavengering of the city, and had a furnace built to cremate all animals that die in the city, and also the offensive garbage ; and he likewise introduced the system of house to house inspection. He received the warmest praise from the people and the city press, for the able and painstaking manner in which he carried out his duties. He was ap- pointed on the board of health in 1885, but declined taking the chairmanship. Mr. Mor- gan is a member of the English church, and is zealous for the welfare of that body. He has in his possession one of the oldest relics in America. It is a stained glass window from one of the old abbey churches in Eng- land, and brought to this country by Dr. Bird. It is over a thousand years old. Shanley, Janies, Q.C., London, On- tario, was born at the family seat, "The Abbey," Stradalby, Queen's County, Ire- land, and is a son of the late James Shan- ley, a member of the Irish bar, who emi- grated to Canada about the time of the re- bellion, settling in the County of Middle- sex, Ontario. The family is ancient, and has been prominent for many centuries in the County of Leitrim ; but the late James Shanley, possessed of the spirit of emigra- tion, which had pervaded the sister isles, resolved to try his fortunes in Canada. [For further particulars respecting the line- age of this family see " O'Hart's Irish Pedi- grees," and " King James' Irish Army List."] Speaking of the sons of the late James Shanley, the author of the "Irish- man in Canada " says :-" The sons of this gentlemen are men of whom the Irish peo- ple may be very proud ; their integrity and fine sense of honour would mark them out in a community where sharpness had not begun to take hold. 1 have never met these gentlemen, but I have heard much of their singularly high standpoint in regard to whatever they busy themselves with; a great deal, which implies not merely that sense of honour which would feel a stain like a wound, but a goodness of heart which at the present day is only too rare. The Shanley family is an old Celtic one which has been known for centuries in the County- Leitrim, and the family characteristics are traceable to the proud, kindly Celtic blood." James Shanley, the subject of this sketch, is a brother of Walter Shanley, M.P. for South Grenville, a memoir of whom see on page 617 of this volume. Oxley, Janies Macdonald, LL.B., B.A., Department of Marine and Fisher- ies, Ottawa, was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on October 22nd, 1856. His father, James Black Oxley, came from a Yorkshire family which settled in Cumberland county, Nova Scotia, in the latter part of last cen- tury, and his mother Ellen (Macdonald) Oxley, from a Scotch family, resident in Antigonish county. His ancestors, on both sides, were occupied in agricultural pursuits; but his father engaged in business in Hali- fax, and was long one of the best known merchants in that city, being extensively interested in insurance, mining and other important industrial enterprises. J. Mac- donald Oxley, his second son, was educated successively at the Halifax Grammar school, at Dalhousie University (where after a suc- cessful curriculum he graduated B.A. in 1874 with honours in mental and moral philosophy), and at Harvard University, where he took a partial course in law during 1876-77. In 1878 he obtained, by examina- tion, the degree of LL.B, from the Halifax University. While at Dalhousie University Mr. Oxley may be said to have begun his literary career by acting as assistant editor to the Dalhousie Gazette, and contributing frequently to its columns. Taking up the study of law in 1874, he was admitted to the Nova Scotia bar in 1878, having in the meanwhile been a constant contributor to the daily press on miscellaneous subjects ; and for some months a leader writer on the Morning Herald. He practised law in Hali- fax from 1879 to 1883, and during this time was joint editor of a series of " Nova Scotia Decisions," in three volumes, published by A. & N. McKinlay, Halifax ; and sole edi- tor of " Young's Admiralty Decisions," pub- lished by Carswell & Co., Toronto. He also translated Eugene Sue's " L'Orgueil," which was published in the " Seaside Lib- rary," No. 1590, as "Pride, or the Duchess," and cordially praised for its ease and accur- acy. He also acted as one of the official re- porters of the House of Assembly during the sessions of 1881-82-83. In April, 1873, he was appointed to the position in the department of Marine at Ottawa, which he now holds, and since then has by his assidu- ous attention to literature, in his leisure CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 785 hours, and the remarkable success which has attended his writings, won for himself a prominent position among the litterateurs of Canada. He is a recognized contributor to the following periodicals :-The Week and Canadian Methodist Magazine, of Toronto ; the Popular Science Monthly, Magazine of American History, Continent and Our Youth, of New York ; Wide Awake and Outing, of Boston ; Lippincott's and Sunday School Times,of Philadelpha : Current and Literary Life, of Chicago ; Cosmopolitan, of Roches- ter, N. Y., and others of less note. In September, 1885, he won the prize ottered by Literary Life, of Chicago, for the best epitome of a famous story or poem, his sub- ject bein<; " The Scarlet Letter," and in De- cember of the same year the prize offered by the Halifax Critic for the best Christmas story. He has always been connected with the Methodist church of Canada. Con- sidering the extent of Mr. Oxley's official duties, one marvels at his industry and ca- pacity, when a survey of his literary achieve- ments is made. As a writer, Mr. Oxley re- veals an active and almost boundless ima- gination, and he goes direct to the heart of his subject. His love for nature is warm and true ; and it is not strange that his de scriptive work is exquisite and vivid. His style is swift, clear and direct, and while the touch is light and dainty, force is never absent from it. Mr. Oxley's range is ex- tremely wide ;-he is capable of producing off-hand a vivid, sunny story for young folks ; a piece of dramatic fiction, an his- torical essay, or a running commentary upon current political topics. His brain seems never to be at rest, and important subjects, which have escaped the minds of others, are constantly suggesting themselves. Of each one of such suggestions he promptly makes a note, and when time is on his hands, he sits down and gives the thought develop- ment. His outdoor work has the perfume of clover fields and pine forests ; and when he touches the inner world, his work is true to the heart of man. We predict a very brilliant career in the domain of letters for this gifted aspirant. Mr. Oxley married on June 10th, 1880, Mary Morrow, eldest daughter of James B. Morrow, of the firm of S. Cunard & Co., Halifax, and grand- daughter of the Rev. Matthew Richey, D.D., the renowned Methodist pulpit ora- tor. Widdifleld, J. Henry, Newmarket, Ontario,M.D.,M.R.C.S. England,L.R.C.P. Edinburgh, M.P.P. for North York, was born in the township of Whitchurch, Onta- rio, at the old family homestead " Maple Grove Farm," in the County of York. He is a son of Charles Ellis and Angeline (Hughs) Widdifield, daughter of Joseph Hughs, who was originally of Welsh de- scent. Mr. Hughs was born in Pennsyl- vania, but moved to Canada, and settled in North York. The family, during the Mc- Kenzie rebellion was identified with the Liberal party. Charles Ellis Widdifield was a son of Henry Widdifield, a U. E. loyalist, of New Jersey. He was of Eng- lish descent, and came to Canada, prefer- ring to live under the British flag, and settled on the homestead farm, Maple Grove, in the year 1801. He had a family of four children, the father of the subject of this sketch being the only son. The fam- ily was in sympathy with McKenzie's cause, although not taking an active part in the rebellion. During Robert Baldwin's cam- paigns in North York, he always made Ma- ple Grove farm his home, being a warm personal friend of Mr. Widdifield. Henry Widdifield, the grandfather, died in 1869, and Charles E. Widdifield died in 1873, both at the homestead. C. E. Widdifield had a family of four children, the subject of this sketch being the second eldest. Maple Grove farm, the place of his birth, is situ- ated in the township of Whitchurch, being lots 32 and 33 of the 3rd concession of that township, and it still remains in the possession of James Edward Widdi- field, the third youngest of the family. J. Henry Widdifield, the subject of this sketch, and brother of William 0. Widdi- field, B.A., barrister-at-law, of Newmarket, received a sound and careful education, fin- ishing his studies at the Newmarket High school. At the age of twenty, he concluded to study medicine, and, in 1865, entered the Victoria University, where, for two years, he was a private pupil of the late Hon. Dr. Rolph. He remained here until he gradu- ated M.D., in 1869. After graduating, he resolved to prosecute his studies in Europe, and in the same year left for England, en- tering the hospitals of London, and after- wards of Edinburgh. During one session, he attended lectures in the St. Thomas Medical and Surgical College, duly graduating, and being admitted to the membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and the Royal College of Physicians of Edin- burgh. In the fall of 1870, he again re- turned to Canada, and was admitted to the membership of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and immediately commenced practice in Newmarket, where 786 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF he still resides, and enjoys a large and lu- crative practice. Dr. Widdifield joined the Queen's Own Rifles during college days, and afterwards entered the School of Mili- tary Instruction, in Toronto, where he re- ceived a second-class certificate in 1866. He re-entered the same in 1868, under Col. Lindsay Farrington, commandant, and re- ceived a first-class certificate, and in the same year, entered the Toronto School of Gunnery, under Colonel, after Major-Gen- eral, Anderson, as commandant, obtaining therefrom a first-class certificate. However, he had taken no active part in military matters until the rebellion of 1885, when he offered his services to the government, and also offered to raise a battalion in North York. To show that the offer was a bona fide one, he organized a company in a few hours of some fifty men, but the offer was declined. In 1872, Mr. Widdifield was appointed coroner for the County of York, which office he resigned in 1874, upon ac- cepting the nomination for parliament. In 1879, he was appointed a justice of the peace for the county. In 1875, he contested the North Riding of York, in the Reform in- terest, against Erastus Jackson, of Newmar- ket, defeating him by the large majority of 489 votes; and was re-elected in 1879, de- feating Edward Murphy, of Newmarket, by 509 votes. He was again elected, in 1883, defeating C. C. Robinson, son of the Lieut.- Governor John B. Robinson, of Toronto, by a majority of 854 votes. During his first session in the legislature, he moved the Address in reply to the Speech from the Throne, and acted as ministerial whip from 1876 to 1878, when he resigned the position, and since that time has been chairman of the standing committee on standing orders. In 1874, he was nominated for the House of Commons, but declined, owing to his professional duties, and was again nom- inated for North York, in 1882, accepting the nomination ; but on this occasion, he was "gerrymandered" out of the riding. During the doctor's parliamentary career, he has taken a very active part in the business of the House, and has successfully carried through a number of bills, including the Ontario Pharmacy Act, in 1884; while for several years he has urged upon the gov- ernment the necessity of removing obstruc- tions from the mouth of the Severn river, thereby lowering the waters of Lake Simcoe, and thus draining a large tract of land. Largely as a result of those representations, the work has been partially accomplished. Dr. Widdofield has likewise advocated manhood suffrage. He is a member of the Masonic craft, Tuscan lodge, No. 99, New- market ; of the Doric chapter, No. 60, of the same place, and a Knight Templar. He was master of the lodge, and first principal of the chapter for several years, and is at th,e present time district deputy grand master of the Toronto district, which includes the counties of York, Peel, part of Ontario, and the City of Toronto. He is also a member of the Grand Lodge of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and for the past five years, has been provincial medical examiner of the order, as well as of several other societies. In politics, he is a Liberal, and is honorary president of the Newmarket Young Men's Reform Club, and a member of the executive committee of the Ontario Reform Association In religion, he believes in or- thodox Christianity, according to others the right to hold their own views. He attends the Church of England. Dr. Widdifield is the very embodiment of energy and in- dustry, he is a ready and forcible debater ; is well informed upon political questions ; and, altogether, a valuable member of the Assembly. Thomas, Charles Lewis, Hamilton, was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire, England, on the 4th of May, 1828. He is a son of John Morgan and Mary (Lewis) Thomas, there being thirteen children, Charles Lewis being the oldest. Of these five were sons and eight daughters, and three of the sons are still living and all engaged in the music business, viz.; J. J. Thomas, who is connected with subject in the piano trade, and E. G. Thomas, organ manufacturer of Woodstock, Ontario. Four of the daughters are still living. John Mor- gan Thomas emigrated to Canada, from Bristol, England, in 1832, settling in Mon- treal. He was afterwards of the pioneer piano manufacturers of Canada, and to him is due the honour of being the inventor of the full metallic frame, now so universally used by all the piano manufacturers, he having taken out the patent, now in Charles Lewis Thomas's possession, forty-five years ago. Mr. Thomas removed to Toronto in 1839, and carried on piano manufacturing there till his death in 1875. Charles Lewis Thomas was educated in Toronto, receiving an ordinary English education. He is a man of much public spirit, and has been an aiderman for the City of Hamilton for the last two years. He was a member of the Odd Fellows, Manchester Unity, joining the same in Toronto in 1848, and filling all the offices in succession, up to the past grand. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 787 He has also been a member of the Masonic Fraternity for the past twenty-two years, and belongs to the Hamilton Lodge of Per- fection, and Hamilton Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix. In politics he is a Conservative. With respect to his religious convictions, his parents, we may state,belonged to the Church of England, but the subject of this memoir joined the Methodist church thirty years ago, and for the last fifteen years held the position of treasurer and recording steward for Zion Tabernacle, Hamilton. He, in 1855, married Mary Ann, daughter of J. B. Bag- well, of Mimico, near Toronto, and in the same year removed to Hamilton and com- menced piano manufacturing at the same stand that be occupies at the present time. The piano business was an occupation ac- cording to Mr. Thomas' heart, for since his infancy he had been connected with it. [For a sketch of his brother, see page 261 of this volume.] Referring in a lengthy article to the Thomas establishment at Hamilton, a local paper said : " The Thomas piano, from the outset was destined as a piano to be not merely of fine glossy exterior or made for cheap use, but an instrument in which the purchaser might invest and feel satisfied that, with fair treatment, it would last a family for a lifetime, and always be prized as a valuable possession. From the first days of public exhibitons these instruments have been subjected to the test of impartial com- parison with pianos of all other makers, and it seems to have been the policy of the house to invite criticism and impartial comment from all sources, so that their instruments might be improved and perfected by this method, and the retention of as nearly as possible the same staff of workmen." Cotton, W. H., Lieutenant-Colonel, Commandant af the Royal School of Artil- lery, Kingston, was born in Montreal, on the 7th January, 1848. He is the eldest son of the late Henry Cotton, of the civil service of Canada. Henry Cotton was the son of William Miles Cotton, of England, and was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1817, coming to Canada in 1836, and serving in the civil service for upwards of forty years. The late Mr. Cotton married in 1847, Elea- nor, daughter of David Ross, Q.C., of Mont- real, who now survives him. David Ross, who died in Montreal, in 1837, aged sixty- seven, married Jane Davidson, daughter of Judge Davidson, of Montreal. Arthur Davidson, afterwards judge, was clerk of the Court of Appeals in the Province of Que- bec, in 1778, during the period that His Ex- cellency Sir F. Haldimand, was governor- general of that province. John Ross, an officer in Wolfe's army at the taking of Que- bec, was the great great-grandfather of Lt.- Col. W. H. Cotton, the subject of this sketch. W. H. Cotton was educated at Toronto and Quebec, receiving a general English educa- tion, embracing the study of classics. At the time of the organization of the schools of artillery, and the permanent corps connect- ed therewith, Col. Cotton was then (1871) a captain in the Ottawa Garrison Artillery, having been transferred from the Quebec Garrison Artillery. He was the first cap- tain of A Battery Regt. C. A., and in 1882 succeeded to his present appointment on the promotion of Lieut.-Colonel Irwin. He twice visited Wimbledon in connection with the Wimbledon team, in the years 1871 and 1875. Col. Cotton is a staunch member of the Church of England. He married in April, 1876, Jessie, daughter of the late John Penner, of Montreal, and grand daughter of the late Chas. Penner, of La- chine, who afterwards resided in Kingston. He has four children living, two sons and two daughters. Smithers, C. F., Montreal, President of the Bank of Montreal, was born in Lon- don, England, on the 25th November, 1822. The head of the largest banking institution on this continent, and one of the most impor- tant financial corporations in the world, his career ought to be of special interest to the young man beginning life, who would learn the secret of success. And yet, as is gener- elly the case with able, energetic, clear- sighted men of business, who have attained the highest rank in their profession, the route by which Mr. Smithers reached his actual goal of honour and influence was, in one sense, extremely uneventful. Though there is no man in the Dominion-not even the prime minister himself-whose utter- ances are more anxiously awaited and more eagerly received than his ; though his words are more fateful to the mercantile commu- nity than was the oracle of Delphi to the ancient Greeks ; though over the broad Dominion, and beyond its borders, his fore- casts cause deep searchings of heart and give rise to "obstinate questionings" in financial and commercial circles, the story of his rise to power, so far-reaching, may be told in a few brief sentences. His life may be divided into three periods. Of these the first was spent in his native land, and it was during those twenty-five years that Mr. Smithers' character acquired the solidity and tone which stood him so well in his later career. We are often reminded-on the 788 A CYCLOPEDIA OF authority of some ancient observer-that the poet is born, not made. With equal truth we might assert that bankers are born bankers. At any rate, Mr. Smithers is one in a thousand-in ten-in a hundred thou- sand. But, however endowed by nature, no man can excel in any art, science or vo- cation without experience. Mr. Smithers had an admirable apprenticeship for the role of responsibility he was destined ulti- mately to assume. His whole previous training might seem to have the single aim of fitting him for the office which he fills so admirably to-day. Arriving in Canada in 1847, he entered the service of the Bank of British North America, with which his con- nection lasted for eleven years. They were years of political conflict, and towards their close Canada was nearing the great crisis of which the result was to be confederation. Commercially, their most important out- come was the reciprocity treaty of 1854. It was then, moreover, that an effective im- pulse was given to those great enterprises for the establishment of means of intercom- munication which transformed the business of the country and prepared the way for the subsequent union of the long isolated prov- inces. On the course of banking transac- tions these events could not fail to exert a marked influence, and when, in 1858, Mr. Smithers became associated with the Bank of Montreal, the day of small things had al- most passed away. The growth of that in- stitution has been an index of the rate of Canada's progress. After the conquest, the anomalous condition of the currency was a source of serious embarrassment to the merchants of Quebec and Montreal. Remedying ordinances were passed in 1764, 1765, 1777, 1795 and 1808, but they proved only a partial cure. In 1792 a number of gentlemen undertook to start a bank under the name of the Canada Banking Company. But the establishment from which they looked for so many benefits to commerce never became more than a private concern. In 1808, after a fresh currency act had been passed, another attempt was made in the same direction, a bill to institute the Cana- da Bank being referred to a special commit- tee in the Quebec legislature.' Again, how- ever, prejudice prevailed, and the bill was defeated on grounds which to modern ideas would appear ridiculous. It was not till ten years later that the merchants of the two rival cities were fortunate enough to have their long repressed aspirations fulfilled,- the Bank of Montreal and the Quebec Bank coming into existence simultaneously in 1818. The development of the former has had few parallels in the world's financial annals. A biographic record of its growth from small beginnings to its present status, as the most potent of monetary institutions in the Western hemisphere would be both interesting and instructive. But ex uno disce omnes. Of those who in recent years have guided its destinies, Mr. Smithers is, to borrow a term from diplomacy, by far the most statesmanlike. The last man to draw notice to himself, his rare talents could not long escape recognition. After filling several important charges, he was selected to be the agent of the bank in New York, in conjunction with Mr. Walter Wat- son. In that capacity he gave entire satis- faction, and when, in 1879, Mr. R. B. An- gus resigned, he took that gentleman's place as general manager. Two years later, he accepted the high position which he still retains, on the retirement of Mr. (now Sir) George Stephen, to assume the presidency of the Canadian Pacific Company. In dis- charging the duties of so responsible an office Mr. Smithers has earned a world-wide reputation for sagacity, foresight and all the qualities that make a good administra- tor. His annual reviews of the financial condition and commercial prospects cf the Dominion-a feature of bank reporting which he originated-are remarkable for their com- prehensive range and firm grasp of the signi- ficance of movements and occurrences affect- ing the well being of the country. In style they are models of clearness of statement and logical argument, and so generally sound are their economic principles, and so trust- worthy the forecasts thence deducted, that everywhere Mr. Smithers' utterances are re- ceived with a confidence well nigh unbound- ed. The success of the bank, under his management, is shown by the declaration at last meeting of a bonus of one per cent., in addition to the half-yearly dividend of five per cent. Speaking of the report just read, the president said that the gist of it all was that/after amply providing for losses, and paying two dividends of five per cent, each, and a bonus of one, or eleven per cent, altogether, they were able to carry forward $379,569, or over $73,000 more than they began the year with. As to the distribution of profits, they had to guard against paying too much or too little, the danger being in the former line of conduct. Still, stock- holders had rights which they were bound to respect, and he did not believe in keeping everything for posterity. The most signifi- cant feature in the masterly address, with CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 789 which Mr. Smithers moved the adoption of the last report, was his announcement of his willingness to advocate the policy of putting the banks upon the American system, and requiring them to secure their issues by the deposit of Government bonds. For himself, he said he had been long in favour of the plan, and if it was not pressed at the last legis- lation on the subject of banking, it was not because the Bank of Montreal was not ready for the change, but out of consideration for the opinions of other bankers. Mr. Smithers believed, however, that since then the most, if not all of his colleagues, had come to be in sympathy with his views, and he therefore availed himself of the opportunity of placing them on record. The challenge thus thrown down was taken up in the press, and lead- ing bankers expressed themselves for and against the change. As the charters do not expire for some five years, there is still abundant time for full thought and discus- sion on the subject, which, it may be recall- ed, was a qucvstio vexata, in the early years after confederation. There is much to be said on both sides, while on the one hand, the policy advocated by Mr. Smithers would have obvious advantages in placing the cur- rency on a sound basis, and removing the necessity for detailed monthly statements, on the other, a system which has been so long identified with the business of the country could hardly be altered without disturbance to important commercial interests. Larkin, Patrick Joseph, St. Cath- arines, Ontario, was born in Galway, Ire- land, in the year 1829, and when a boy of eight years, accompanied his parents to Can- ada settling in Toronto in 1837. He re- mained here fourteen years when he remov- ed to St. Catharines, and resumed his sea- faring occupations in what was then known as the " marine centre" of Upper Canada. Passing through the various grades of his sea-faring life, he rose to the command of a vessel and retired an owner and possessor of a handsome competency. In 1874 he was elected to the council of his adopted city, in which he served several terms. His active mind again led him into large enter- prises, and in 1875 he undertook an exten- sive contract on the new Welland Canal, which he completed to the entire satisfac- tion of the government. The firm of Lar- kin, Connolly & Co. then obtained the con- tract for the construction of the Quebec graving dock and Harbour works, and at the present time (1886) his firm is build- ing the celebrated Esquimault graving dock, British Columbia. The firm of which he is the head, has in various parts of the Dominion, undertaken and carried to suc- cessful completion, several large contracts. In politics Captain Larkin has always been a Reformer, having at an early age identi- fied himself with that party. He was un- animously chosen president of the Reform Association of Lincoln in 1876, which posi- tion he retained until 1882, resigning in that year, and bearing out of office with him the goodwill and grateful appreciation of the body over which he presided for six years. He has at all times taken an active interest in every enterprise that was calcu- lated to advance the material prosperity of his city. St. Catharines has one of the fin- est systems of water works in the Dominion of Canada. The Captain was one of the or- iginal promoters of this enterprise, and has held a seat at the water works board up to the present time. In religion he is a Rom- an catholic, and while he enjoys the full confidence and fellowship of his co-religion- ists, he has by his courteous bearing, his sterling honesty, and devotion to principle, earned the esteem of men of all creeds and nationality. In 1882 Captain Larkin was chosen by acclamation mayor of St. Catha- rines and amid the hearty applause of his fellow citizens was, without opposition, elected to the same honourable office the succeeding year. He is one of the best known men in southern Ontario, and has by his indomitable energy and trained tal- ents, done very much to advance the inter- ests of his city, and develop the resources of the Niagara peninsula. In his domestic life he is singularly happy, having in Mrs. Larkin, whom he married in 1861, an ac- complished and affectionate wife, whose fine traits of character are reflected in her re- fined and highly educated daughters. He is a man whose hand and purse are always open to the claims of charity, and among the members of his own church is held in esteem and respect. A shrewd and active business man, in the prime of his ripened manhood, gifted with keen discernment and talents of a high order, Captain Larkin will, we predict, continue to grow in pros- perity, and in the good opinions of his host of friends. Clarke, Rev. John Stokes, Pastor of the Canada Methodist Church, Picton, was born in the town of Clewes, north of Ireland, on Feb. 8th, 1833. He is a son of John and Rose (Stokes) Clarke, John Clarke being a merchant and Clerk of the Peace. The Clarke family left England in the reign of William III., and afterwards held various 790 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF civic and other important offices, in the County of Monaghan, Ireland. John Stokes Clarke was educated at his native place, his tutor being the Rev. William White, a Presbyterian minister. When in his seven- teenth year, J. S. Clarke came to Canada, and began a study of theology in the Metho- dist school at Toronto. In 1854, he entered the ministry, and since that time has been pastor at Barrie,London,Bradford,Napanee, Grimsby, Thorold, Whitby, Oshawa, Picton, labouring at each place for a full three years. Large ingatherings have resulted from his ministrations, and over three hundred mem- bers were added to the congregation at Oshawa under his pastorate. Mr. Clarke is an exceedingly effective platform orator. His style is not florid or diffuse, but direct, clear, forcible, and appealing. Upon the platform the same qualities make him very effective. He is a man imbued with deep zeal for the cause of the gospel, and he has a heart full of sympathy for the distress of his fellow-men. With temperance work he has been prominently identified, and was Grand Chaplain of the Independent Order of Good Templars, and afterwards Grand Worthy Chief Templar. While holding this important office he had control of the lecture work of the order in Ontario, and was one of the ablest executive officers that ever filled the responsible post of head of the order. He is an Oddfellow, and has usually been chaplain of the lodges where he resid- ed. He is a man of wide influence in the community, this influence extending beyond the pale of his own denomination. He married, on September 16, 1858, Maria, daughter of Edward Green, of London, Ont. Robillard, Honore, Ottawa, M.P.P. for Russell, was born on the 12th of January, 1835, in the County of Two Mountains, parish of St. Eustache. He is a son of An- toine Robillard, by Melie Loriaux, daughter of M. Beauchamps, who came to Canada from France. M. Robillard was a descen- dant of an old French family, and early in life engaged in the occupation of builder and contractor in Ottawa, and was the as- sistant builder of some of the first residences in that city, among which may be mentioned that of Colonel By and the French Cathedral. He retired from active business about 1860, and died in 1883, leaving eleven of a family. Mrs. Robillard is still living with her son, the subject of this sketch, who is the eldest living son. Honore Robillard received a good education, taking a classical course at the Ottawa college. At the age of seven- teen he left school, and the gold fever being at his height in Australia, he left Ottawa for that far region. He remained for a time at the Cape of Good Hope, and landed at Port Phillip, Melbourne, in May, 1853. After arriving there, he was for five years employed in the gold fields, between New Zealand, New South Wales and Victoria ; but not finding the occupation profitable, he returned to England in 1858, and after spending a short time in Scotland and Ire- land, returned to Canada, landing at Que- bec on the 10th of April, 1858. He now purchased one of the farms belonging to his father, on which was a lime stone quar- ry, and this he commenced to operate, and it is known at present as the Gloucester Quarry and Lime Works. He remained at home until 1862, when the gold fever broke out at British Columbia, and thither Mr. Robillard set out in the spring of the same year, going by the Isthmus of Panama and San Francisco, touching at Acapulco, Mex- ico. He reached Victoria in the month of May, and set out for the Carriboo district, where he duly arrived. He remained in the gold fields until the following fall, when he returned by the Thompson river, and engaged with a company which was en- gaged in building the first waggon road in British Columbia. After remaining two months with this company, he set out for Oregon, United States, where he remain- for nine months, engaged at quartz mining. He then concluded to return, and in Decem- ber, 1864, arrived at Ottawa, where he has remained ever since, attending to his quarries, quite disgusted with gold mining and quite sick of gold fevers. In 1870, he was appointed a lieutenant in the Reserve Militia, 1st battalion of Carleton. In the same year he was appointed a justice of the peace. In 1874, he was elected deputy reeve of the township of Gloucester, Carle- ton county, and in 1875, became reeve, which office he resigned owing to illness in his family. M. Robillard is now and has been for some time school trustee as French representative in the Collegiate In- stitute of Ottawa. In 1882, he contested the County of Russell in the Conservative interest, against his brother, Alexander Robillard, a Reformer, and Charles Bil- lings, an Independent, defeating both of them, by a majority of 322 over his brother, and 750 over Mr. Billings. M. Robillard is a shareholder and vice-president of the French Building Society of Ottawa. In poli- tics, he is a staunch Liberal-Conservative, and is a member of the Ontario Conservative CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 791 Union, and a member of its executive com- mittee. He has been a Roman catholic from youth up. He married in 1860, Philomene, daughter of the late P. Barrett and Flavie Barrett. She died in 1878, leaving seven of a family, and M. Robillard again married in 1879, Glephire, daughter of the late J. B. Richer. There is no issue by the second marriage. In private life, he is extremely courteous and popular, and although he has not yet had sufficient opportunities to reveal his gifts as a public man, enough has trans- pired from his career to show that he is in- defatigable and painstaking in the interests of the constituency committed to his charge. Altogether his conduct bodes a career full of promise. Taclie, Right Rev. Alexandre Antonin, Archbishop of St. Boniface, was born at Riviere du Loup, on the 23rd July, 1823. He is a son of Charles Tache, who was a captain in the Canadian Voltigeurs in the war of 1812-15. His Grace is descended from one of the most notable and remark- able families in this country, having for an- cestors Louis Joliette, the discoverer of the Mississippi, and Sieur Varennes de la Ver- andrye, the well-known explorer of the Red River, the Upper Missouri and the Sas- katchewan. J ean Tache was the first of the name to arrive in Canada, and he settled at ■Quebec in 1739, marrying demoiselle Mar- guerite Joliette de Mingan. He possessed an immense fortune, but the conquest ruined him. His son, Charles, settled at Montmagny, he having three sons, one of whom was Sir Etienne Pascal Tache, who died premier of Canada in 1865. Charles, the eldest of the three, had likewise three sons, Dr. Joseph Tache, a brilliant Canadi- an writer, deputy minister of Agriculture, and Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur; Louis Tache, sheriff of St. Hyacinthe ; and Alexandre Antonin, the distinguished sub- ject of this memoir. His father died in January, 1826, when the future archbishop was but three years of age ; then his mother with her young family left and returned to Boucherville, Quebec. There our subject remained until his tenth year. In 1833 he was sent to college at St. Hyacinthe, and there for the next eight years he studied classical philosophy and all the branches that belong to a thorough course. In Sep- tember, 1841 he began his course of theology in the Grand Seminary of Montreal. After one year here he returned to St Hyacinthe, as one of the professors, and in this capacity continued his course of theology. In Octo- ber, 1844, he joined the Oblates as a novice, and in June, 1845, he set out for Red River, where such a career of influence and useful- ness awaited him. During the journey he was ordained deacon of St. Boniface, and on the first Sunday after his arrival he was ordained priest, by his Lordship Bishop Provencher (12th October, 1845). The fol- lowing day, having completed his novitiate, he pronounced his vows as an Oblate, and in the spring of 1846, he left St. Boniface for the Indian missions of the far North- West, Isle a la Crosse being his head quar- ters. His duties here were of the most trying kind, and called into requisition a good constitution, faith and zeal. With all these was the gifted young missionary blessed. It is not necessary to point out what his hardships, and even the dangers, must have been in a wide wilderness like the great North-West, with a mission among hostile and even murderously dis- posed Indians. But Father Tache soon won his way to the hearts of hosts of these wild people ; and a large number of conver- sions rewarded his industry. It might be supposed that since the young priest had chosen to " bury himself alive," so to speak, in the wilderness, that he would be lost sight of in high ecclesiastical quarters ; but such was not the case. The venerable bishop, Monseigneur Provencher, had kept his eye upon the young missionary. While at Isle a la Crosse, and being only in his twenty-sixth year, he received a letter from the venerable bishop announcing that the latter had chosen him as his coadjutor, and requesting his return to St. Boniface. Up- on reaching St. Boniface, he found a letter instructing him to proceed to Rome for con- secration ; and the ceremony was performed in the cathedral of Viviers, at the hands of the Bishop of Marseilles. Upon his return to Canada he set out for Isle h la Crosse, where he remained till the death of Bishop Provencher in 1853. He then assumed episcopal charge of this enormous territory, and by his tireless zeal, and splendid en- thusiasm, soon saw churches, seats of learn- ing and religious houses, commensurate with the needs of his people, established in the territories. His connection with the events of that time, is a notable matter of history, and need not be dealt with exten- sively here. That government handed over, virtually, to Monseigneur, the settlement of terms with those engaged in revolt, there seems to be no doubt whatever. When his lord ship set out from Ottawa with the in- structions of Joseph Howe and of Sir John Macdonald, he regarded himself, and was 792 A CYCLOPEDIA OF so regarded by the government, as invested with plenipotential powers. The difficulty that afterwards arose was due to the fact that the ministry did not foresee that out- rages, which ought not to be compounded, might take place before the bishop reached the spot. While Mon seigneur was on his way to Fort Garry, Scott was shot; and the bishop, deeming his authority to cover such a case, with the same force as it covered the looting of stores and the uprising against proper authority, he offered, in the name of the government, a general pardon. His position afterwards was a painful one. The diocese of St. Boniface, it may be added, was divided in 1863, and the north-west portion was formed into what is designated the apostolic vicarate of Athabasca-Macken- zie. At the time of the erection of the Metropolitan See another portion of the diocese of St. Boniface was detached, and formed into the diocese of St. Albert, where the unfortunate insurrection of 1885 took place. Archbishop Tache has been more influential than any other man in the North- West territories, in the promotion of peace and good-will among his people and the English-speaking settlers. A. man so gifted and blessed, so full of energy, so remark- able for his piety and zeal, would adorn any position in the theological sphere. Clark, Thomas W., Lieut.-Colonel, Waterford, Ontario, was born in the town- ship of Rainham, County of Haldimand, on the 23rd February, 1812. He is descended from a military ancestry, his father and grandfather having been officers in the British army ; and his maternal grandfather a United Empire loyalist. His father, William Clark, belonged to the commis- sariat, and was attached to the Turkey Point division of the Canadian militia, and was stationed for a time at Port Dover, un- der the command of Colonel Nichols. He died in 1813, and after two or three years his widow married Aaron Slaght, one of the pioneers of the township of Townshend. Thomas W. Clark attended school during the winter months of his early boyhood, but the rustic school of this early date was an extremely crude and rudimentary insti- tution. But the lad was full of ambition and energy ; and he was resolved, in the face of the adverse circumstances, to equip himself with a share of education sufficient for the needs of a practical life. He became a wide and devoted reader, and he is to-day one of the best informed gentlemen in his own portion of the province. Through life he has been engaged in agriculture, but for twelve years also he was a successful mer- chant and miller. It is worthy of record that when he was sixteen years old the township was so sparsely settled that it re- quired the whole male population within a radius of six miles to raise the frame of a small barn. There was not a buggy or other one-horse wheel vehicle in the town- ship, and not more than two or three lum- ber waggons. " There was," says an au- thority before us, "no money in circula- tion ; whisky was the only basis of value, and the only circulating medium, and no well-off farmer was without from six to twelve barrels in his cellar ; not for his own use, of course, but obtained in exchange for his products." In education Colonel Clark has always taken a very deep interest, and when the common school act was passed in 1845, he was elected one of the first three commissioners for Townshend. He was the first elected reeve of the same township, and was re-elected several times afterwards to the same position. In 1852 Colonel Clark was appointed a justice of the peace, and has filled that office since, being known as an efficient and most impartial magis- trate. Colonel Clark has been a commis- sioned officer in the Canadian militia for the past thirty-eight years, and at present holds the rank of lieutenant of the regimental division of the North Riding of Norfolk. He married in 1833, Nancy, a daughter of the late Gabriel Culver, of the township of Windham, and the fruits of this marriage is a family of nine children. Beach, Malilon F., Iroquois, Ontario, was born on November 10th, 1833, in the township of Oxford, County of Grenville, Ontario. His father was Mahlon Beach, a son of David Beach, and was born in the state of New Jersey, on October 26th, 1793. He moved to the township of South Gower, County of Grenville, when a child, with his parents, who were among the first set- tlers in that district. The mother of Mr. Beach was Mercy May, daughter of Lyman Clothier, and she was born in the State of New York, on May 12th, 1798. When a child she moved to the township of Oxford, County of Grenville, with her parents, who built the first mills in what is now known as the village of Kemptville. M. F. Beach was educated at the common schools of his native place, and early in life set out to carve his own fortune. He first worked at the millwright business, and in 1856 went to the township of Winchester, County of Dundas, and there built a small steam saw mill. He then added other machinery and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 793 buildings, such as planing mills, sash and door factory, &c., and likewise flour mills. During the years of 1861-2-3-4, he engaged in square timber operations, taking the timber to Quebec. In the spring of 1883 he bought a water privilege on the St. Law- rence canal, and moved to Iroquois in June of the same year, and there commenced building a roller flour mill, which was put in operation in the fall of 1884. At Mr. Beach's place in Winchester, where he still continues the old business, he saw grow up what is now the village of West Winchester. Between the years 1861 and 1878 Mr. Beach was connected directly or indirectly in gen- eral store business, and he has always been successful in his undertakings. On the morning of July 12th, 1884, his mills at West Winchester were destroyed by fire, and a number of other valuable buildings, a quantity of sawn lumber, flour, wheat, &c., to the amount of about $75,000, were all swept away, without any insurance to cover the loss. This naturally crippled him finan- cially ; but nothing daunted, he commenced again, building up the mills, and in a much better manner than the former ones, except the flour mill, which is not yet rebuilt. His public career has been confined to munici- pal affairs ; and he was warden of the unit- ed Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glen- garry for the year 1873. Mr. Beach is a Liberal in politics, and in religion is a Quaker, but was brought up by Methodist parents. He married on October 18th, 1865, Louise C. Wickwire, of the township of Augusta, County of Grenville. There is a family of ten boys, all of whom are living. There was one girl, who is dead. White, Richard, Montreal, was born in Quebec, in the year 1835, and has devoted the best years of his life to journalism. In 1853, in conjunction with his brother, now the Hon. Thomas White, minister of the Interior, he established the Peterborough Review. It espoused the cause of reform, as represented by those followers of Robert Baldwin, who, by the famous coalition of 1854, became allied and identified with the Conservatives. Richard White undertook the business, while his brother assumed the editorial management of the journal. In the beginning of 1865, the brothers White became proprietors of the Daily Spectator, of Hamilton, which under their control, at- tained the rank of the chief Conservative organ of Western Ontario. While it re- mained in their possession, it continued to exert a leading influence on public opinion, and its circulation steadily increased. The Craftsman, a Masonic magazine, was also published by the firm. In 1870, on the retirement from journalism of Lowe and Chamberlin, Mr. Richard White, in com- pany with his brother, purchased the Montreal Gazette, the oldest newspaper in the Dominion (having been founded in 1778), and the foremost representative of Conservative principles in the province of Quebec. In their hands it achieved a marked prosperity, and, though its success was largely due to the rare literary and political gifts of the editor-in-chief, to- Richard White must be ascribed no slight share of the credit. In 1879. the name of the firm was changed to that of " The Gazette Printing Company," and Richard White was appointed managing director. The qualities which he displayed in the dis- charge of his important duties are thus set forth by the Marquis of Lome in his work, on " The Dominion of Canada":-" Active,, pushing and popular in social and commer- cial circles, he has acquired the highest repu- tation for his conservative business methods and talented honourable management of this great publishing house. He has made it the best equipped and most complete es- tablishment of the kind in Canada, and has. introduced a thorough system of organiza- tion, which ensures the prompt and satis- factory execution of the largest orders, either for job, book, commercial or news- paper printing, lithographing, stereotyping, etc. Mr. White's great executive abilities and vast practical experience as a publisher are only equalled by the warm interest he has ever manifested in all measures best calculated to advance the permanent wel- fare and prosperity of the metropolis of the Dominion. Loyal to the great conservative principles of national policy, he is a recog- nized leader of opinion, while throughout commercial circles he has built up a fine ad- vertising patronage for the Gazette, and the paper is now in every respect a source of credit to its owners and the city wherein it has already celebrated its first centenary of existence." Those who have paid a visit to the Gazette printing establishment will know that the description just quoted is perfectly accurate. No office in the Domin- ion has turned out better work of all kinds, and such publications as the Royal Society's- "Transactions," the volume of "Canadian Economics," consisting of papers read be- fore the British Association at Montreal, and Bourinot's "Parliamentary Procedure," would reflect no discredit on any of the great publishing houses of either hemis- 794 A CYCLOPEDIA OF phere. In addition to the daily and week- ly editions of the Gazette, the company pub- lishes the Legal News, the Montreal Law Reports, the Canada Medical and Surgical Journal, and the Educational Record. This extensive and varied business has now been under Richard White's constant super- vision for sixteen years-years of steady progress, the reward of assiduity, fore- sight and integrity. One feature in this uninterrupted success is especially worthy of note-the rare changes in the large staff of employees. Of these the most important have been associated with the office since Mr. White took charge of it. There could be no more forcible or practical evidence of the esteem in which he is held-esteem, moreover, of which he is kept in remember- ance by a little museum of souvenirs, one of which is a fine oil portrait of himself. Of his popularity with the larger community outside of the Gazette office his election in 1886 as one of the aidermen for the important west ward, is sufficient indication. Until the present year Mr. White had firm- ly declined all invitations to enter public life. But in 1885, on his return from Eng- land, he found the city a prey to a terrible epidemic of small-pox. The usual tourist travel through the city was suspended. Business of all kinds was at a stand-still. The community was in a state of dismay, bordering on despair, while, as a crowning calamity, a large portion of the people set themselves obstinately against vaccination. A proper health organization was urgently needed. It was not a time to hesitate, or make excuses. So, when Mr. White was asked to serve, he felt it to be a patriotic and civic duty to accept the responsibility. He laboured daily with his colleagues till the plague was stayed, and would then have gladly retired to private life. But those who had witnessed his zeal and efficiency in the hour of need, and recognized the benefits that the city had derived from his executive talents were not willing to lose his services. A requisition, numerously signed by the most influential residents in the west ward, was a fresh challenge to his public spirit, and Mr. White yielded to the solicitations of his friends. Neither did they desert him. The fight was valiantly fought on both sides, and though his oppnent was an hon- ourable man, an aiderman of three years' standing, Mr. White wron the day by a ma- jority of thirty-one. When the result of the poll was known, amid much enthusiasm, the newly , elected aiderman thanked his faithful supporters and promised that as they had stood by him so steadfastly, he would omit no effort to fulfil the expecta- tions that they had formed of him. Wil- liam Cassils, president of the Municipal Reform Association, said that in honouring Mr. White the electors had honoured them- selves. It was a hopeful sign for Montreal when gentlemen of his character, ability and energy took an interest in civic admin- istration. Mr. White's accession to muni- cipal office was regarded with no less favour in the other wards, the general opinion being that his admission to the council would be a real gain to the city. Mr. White wiel'ls "the pen of a ready writer," is a fluent and effective speaker, and possesses the advantage, which, for a public man in the Province of Quebec, is of no slight im- portance, of being able to address an audience in French and English. Like most success- ful men, he married early, his wife, former- ly Jean Riddle, a daughter of John Riddle, for many years a well-known and much respected citizen of Montreal. His eldest son, W. J. White, B.A., B.C.L., is a member of the firm of Busteed & White, advocates, Montreal. His second son, Smeaton White, is associated wtth the busi- ness department of the Gazette office. Weatherhead, George Henry, Mayor of Brookville, Ont., was born on the 10th of April, 1841, at Port Elmsley, County of Lanark, Ont. He is a son of Alexander and Mary Weatherhead, his father being one of the first settlers in the township of North Elmsley, where he carried on a large lumber business, and in connec- tion with his brother, William L. Weather- head, a large forwarding business from Perth to Montreal. These two men" did much towards opening up that part of the country at that early time. In 1838 they dissolved partnership, Alexander purchasing the adj oining lot to the village, and erecting a saw mill, a stave mill, and a woollen fac- tory thereon. These he ran for several years, retiring from business in 1857. He then rented the mills, but through the care- lessness of the night-watchman the property was destroyed by Are, with no insurance. This was a heavy blow to Mr. Weatherhead, for the loss was no less than $30,000. Though then in his sixtieth year, he at once commenced to build up the saw mill portion of the property, and after doing so he was obliged to mortgage the property for a large amount to purchase limits to supply the mill with logs, but during the first year after the mill was completed, he contracted a heavy cold, and from the effects of it died CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY, 795 in 1862, leaving a family of eight children, five boys and three girls, our subject be- ing the oldest and not quite twenty-one years of age. George Henry Weatherhead had received as good an education as was to be had at his native place, for in those early days the country did not abound with High schools and colleges as it does now. Nevertheless, he was fairly well equipped in this regard, and assumed the respon- sibility of taking care of a larue family, the youngest being only four years of age. The business was badly disorganised by his father's illness, but the young man's perseverance would have overcome the dif- ficulties, had he not met with a serious accident, on the 21st June, 1863, in the saw mill, losing his foot at the instep. This was a very serious set-back; but he was able in the following year to keep books for H. N. Sherwood, who owned the Port Elmsley mills, and in 1865, made arrangements with his father's creditors, and saved the home- stead and one hundred acres of land, which kept the family together, In 1866, Mr. Weatherhead went to the town of Perth, as a clerk in a general store, where he remained nearly four years. His health then failed him, he being kept too closely confined. He again returned home, not being able to do any manual labor ; yet not satisfied to re- main idle, he at once commenced to look up a contract for taking out lumber, which he succeeded in getting ; and during the winter of 1870, he took out 7,000 logs, and the year following 5.000, doing well with this contract, and at the same time getting back his health. He was afterwards engaged by a lumber firm to cull lumber, and in March, 1872, was sent to Brookville in that capa- city. In 1873, he went into company with Thos. Kearns in the retail lumber business; in 1874, they took another partner into the firm,-which then became known as " T. Kearns & Co"-but the business not prov- ing very profitable, they sold out in Octo- ber, 1875. In November of the same year, Mr. Weatherhead purchased the half inter- est of the general insurance and loan busi- ness carried on by J. T. White ; and in June, 1881, he bought Mr. White's share of the business and has kept year by year building up the same, and to-day has one of the best insurance and loan businesses in Eastern Ontario. He has been eight years secretary-treasurer of the Brockville Mutual Building Society, which terminates in April, 1866, it being a ten years termin- able society. This society having been managed so well, Mr. Weatherhead had no trouble in establishing a permanent society, known as the Brock ville Loan & Savings Company, with a capital of $200,000, and at the first board meeting he was chosen manager. Mr. Weatherhead holds and has held several important offices. He has been secretary-treasurer of the Brookville Mutual Building Society from 1878 to the present time ; is, as we have seen, manager of the Brookville Loan & Savings Company ; is a director and stockholder in the Brookville, West Port & Sault Ste. Marie Railway Com- pany ; and was elected mayor of Brookville for the year 1866. He joined the Masonic body in 1870, and is now a past master ; also a Royal Arch Mason ; and is M. W. of Rose Croix chapter, No. 14. He has be- longed to the Church of England from his youth, and is church-warden of St. Peter's church, at Brookville. He joined the Odd- fellows in 1873, and has passed through all the chairs, and held the office of district deputy of the St. Lawrence district.. He married in March, 1872, Maggie Bell Steele, of Perth, Ontario, and has issue, four boys and two girls. Two boys died in infancy. Brereton, Charles Herbert, Beth- any, M.D., M.P.P. for East Durham, On- was born in the township of West Gwil- liambury, Simcoe county, in January, 1845. He is a son of Cloudsle S., and Charlotte (Fisher) Brereton. Mr. Brereton was born in Norfolk, England, and early in life came to Canada, settling in the township of West Gwilliambury. Here he engaged, first as a general merchant, and afterwards as a farm- er, which occupation he followed until 1874, when he died, leaving six of a family, the subject of this sketch being the eldest son. We may add, that during the Mackenzie excitement he raised a company of volun- teers, and placed them at the service of Sir Allan MacNab, and he used to relate many interesting incidents of that time. Charles H. Brereton received a sound edu- cation, and completed his studies at the Bradford Grammar school. At the age of nineteen he began to study medicine with Dr. T. C. Schofield, now of Toronto, and then of Bond Head, Simcoe county, and after two years entered the Rolph School of Medicine, and graduated at the age of twenty-three. After graduating he removed to the village of Bethany, Durham county, where he commenced to practice, and where he has remained ever since. Dr. Brereton was first lieutenant of the Durham Field Battery for a number of years, and then resigned. In 1881, upon the death of the late John Rosevear, he contested the vacant 796 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF seat with Mr. Russel, the Reform candi- date, and defeated him by the large ma- jority of 227 votes. He was re-elected in 1883, defeating Mr. Elliott, warden of the counties of Durham and Northumberland, by 218 of a majority. Dr. Brereton is a member of the Freemason lodge No. 145, of Millbrooke, and also belongs to the Odd- fellows. In politics he has been always a staunch Conservative, and an energetic worker. In religion he adheres to the Church of England. He married, in 1876, Eliza, daughter of Thomas Proctor, of the township of West Gwilliambury, and has issue, five children. Dr. Brereton, we may add, is a descendant of the celebrated Ad- miral Brereton, whose name is so promi- nently connected with the stirring history of 1812-15. He is an energetic representative and a useful member, and he makes it a rule to attend to his own affairs, but if per- sons come to a conflict of opinion with him, he is well able to bear his portion of the brunt. Dr. Brereton has been a very suc- cessful practitioner, and in the village in which he resides is well known and greatly respected. Wilkie, Daniel Robert, Toronto, Cashier of the Imperial Bank of Canada, was born at Quebec, on the 17th December, 1846. He is a son of the late Daniel Wil- kie, M.A., who was for many years rector of the Quebec High school, and Angelique, daughter of John Graddon, of Quebec. D. R. Wilkie was educated at the Quebec High school, and at Morrin College, prosecuting his studies for several years at the latter institution. Upon completing his education- al course, he entered upon a business career, joining the staff of the Quebec Bank, on the 18th May, 1862, and in the same year he be- came assistant accountant of that institution. In 1867, he became accountant of the Mon- treal branch of the bank ; in the same year he was transferred to St. Catharines, Ont., as manager of the branch in that place ; and in 1872, became manager of the Toronto branch. He accepted the position of cash- ier of the Imperial Bank of Canada, when that bank was organized in March, 1875, and continues in that capacity. Mr. Wilkie is a vice-president of St. Andrew's Society of Toronto ; a member of the council of the Board of Trade, and a director of several commercial undertakings. He is a strong advocate of universal free trade, involving protection to native industries and interests, so long as rival communities maintain hostile tariffs. He married in 1872. Sarah Caroline, third daughter of the late Hon. J. R. Ben- son, senator, of St. Catharines. Mr. Wilkie served for several years in the Stadacona Rifles, 8th batt., volunteers. In banking, as in commercial circles, the repute of Mr. Wilkie stands very high, and no one who knows has any hesitation in attributing to him a great measure of the present excellent status attained by the Imperial Bank. He is a man of marked energy and enterprise ; is exceedingly quick to penetrate a situation, and to see wherein lie the interests of his bank, and where the same are safe ; but his whole career has been tempered by prudent restraint and caution ; while the bank itself is as we see it stated in another quarter, in the best sense "a conservative institution." Abbott, Hon. John Joseph Cald- well, Montreal, M. P. for Argenteuil, Que- bec, was born at St. Andrew's, County of Argenteuil, Lower Canada, on the 12th March, 1821. He is a son of the Rev. Joseph Abbott, M.A., first Anglican incum- bent of St. Andrew's, who emigrated to this country from England in 1818, as a mis- sionary, and who, during his long residence in Canada, added considerably to the liter- ary activity of the country. He married Harriet, daughter of the Rev. Richard Bradford, first rector of Chatham, Argen- teuil county. The first fruit of this union was the subject of this sketch. J. J. C. Abbott was carefully trained at St. Andrew's with a view to a university course, and in due time he was sent to Montreal, entering McGill college. At this institution he great- ly distinguished himself for his brilliancy, soundness and industry, and he graduated therefrom as a B. C. L. He soon afterwards entered upon the study of law, and in Octo- ber, 1847, was called to the bar of Lower Canada. Upon commercial law he became one of the leading authorities of the coun- try, and he had not been long in practice before he established for himself the repu- tation of a wise and capable counsellor. In 1859, he first entered political life as repre- sentative for Argenteuil in the Canadian Assembly, and this constituency he repre- sented till the union, when he was returned for the House of Commons. From 1874 to 1880 he was out of public life, but since that time he has occupied his seat. The greatest legislative work in the career of Mr. Abbott, is his celebrated Insolvent Act of 1864 ; for although there has been much legislation since affecting the question, the principles laid down in that measure have been the charts by which all since have proceeded. This established the reputation of Mr. Abbott; and he published a Manual, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 797 with ample notes, describing his act. Busi- ness men flocked to his office to consult him on a measure which they believed no one else could so well elucidate, and natur- ally enough, out of this his legal practice grew to enormous proportions. Mr. Abbott, the reader need hardly be reminded, was the legal adviser of Sir Hugh Allan in the negotiations anent the Pacific Railway ; and it was the confidential clerk of Mr. Abbott who purloined the private correspondence, the publication of which created such a scandal, and brought about the overthrow of Sir John A. Macdonald's government. For a short period, in 1862, Mr. Abbott held the position of solicitor-general in the Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte administration; and prior to his acceptance of that office he was created a Q.C. Mr. Abbott has added imperishable fame to his legal reputation by his Jury Law Consolidation Act for Lower Canada; and another important measure of his was the Bill for Collecting Judicial and Registration Fees by Stamps. He is likewise the author of various other important public measures. Mr. Abbott has been entrusted with many important affairs of a national character. It will be remembered that he went to England, in 1879, with the Hon. H. L. Langevin, on the mission which resulted in the dismissal of Lieutenant-Governor Luc Letellier de St. Just. Altogether, this man's career has been a splendid success, and although he holds no office in political circles, his is one of the foremost minds in Canada. He married, in 1849, Mary, daughter of the very Rev. James G. Bethune, D.D., late dean of Montreal. Montizambert, Charles E., Lieut.- Colonel, commandant of the Royal School of Artillery, Quebec, was born at Quebec, in 1841. He is a son of Edward Louis Montizambert, late law clerk of the Senate, and Miss Bowen, daughter of the late Chief- Justice Bowen Col. Montizambert is des- cended from an old French family, who came to this country in 1635, and, as will be seen by reference to the archives of Canada, an ancestor of his, M. de Montiz- ambert, was given command of the first volunteer company ever raised in Canada. Col. Montizambert counts among his ances- tors Pierre Boucher, first governor of Three Rivers, one of whose sons took the name of Boucher de Montizambert, from the family estate in France. Some of the latter's sons were officers in the French army. The Boucher de Boucherville and Boucher de Nivervilles are branches of the same family. On the maternal side two of the brothers of Colonel Montizambert's grandmother were English officers in the 7th Fusiliers. One of them was killed at the taking of Mar- tinique. An unde of Col. Montizambert, Major Montizambert, of the 10th Foot, was killed while leading his men at the storming of Mooltan ; whence it will be seen that the subject of this sketch descends, on both sides, from a family of soldiers. Charles E-. Montizambert was educated at Toronto for commercial pursuits, but he showed very early a decided taste for military life which caused him to enter with great zest into the volunteer movement, serving for many years as captain and adjutant of the Quebec Volunteer Garrison artillery. When A and B Batteries were organized, in 1871, he was appointed major in com- mand of B Battery, with brevet rank as lieut.-colonel, under Colonel (now General) Strange. On the latter's retirement, Major Montizambert became lieut.-colonel and commandant of B Battery, at the Que- bec citadel, but moved with the battery to Kingston six years ago. He was second in command of the Wimbleton team on one occasion, and was subsequently attached for several months at Woolwich for artillery instruction. Col. Montizambert command- ed under Colonel Strange during the labour riots in Quebec some years ago. He mar- ried a daughter of the late James Gibb, a wealthy merchant of Quebec. The Montiz- amberts, though originally Boman cath- olics, are now adherents of the Angican Church. Martin, Rev. N. H., Chatham, On- tario, was born in Somersetshire, England, His father was a clergyman of the Church of England. N. H. Martin was educated at St. Paul's School, Stony Stratford, and carried off from that institution the highest prizes for mathematics and English litera- ture. He has been pastor for the past seven years of Christ Church, Chatham, and dur- ing that time has been the recipient of many testimonials and addresses, from the con- gregation, the Sabbath schools, curling clubs, and various other societies. This popular, energetic and able pastor was elected grandmaster of the I. O. O. F. of Ontario, at the session of the Grand in Hamilton, in August, 1885 ; and this po- sition he now occupies. He married in October, 1884, Miss Elliott, daughter of the Rev. F. G. Elliott, rector of St. John's Church, Sandwich, and a member of one of the oldest and most respected families in the County of Essex. 798 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF llillicliamp. Wallace, Toronto, Ont., was born at the Lozells, Birmingham, England, on the 27th day of May, 1839. His father, Joseph Millichamp, removed to the United States, in 1842, and settled in St. Clair, Mich., where he built the first furni- ture factory in the place, and where the family resided until 1856, when he removed to Toronto. He removed to Rochester, in 1862, and died there in 1883, at the advanced age of seventy-eight years. During the residence of Joseph Millichamp in Bir- mingham, he was an official member of the Congregational church of the Rev. John An- gell James, and for many years was superin- tendent of the Sunday-school. He also took a great interest in all church work, and was connected in church fellowship with Bond street Congregational church, in this city, un- der the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Marling. His mother, Catherine Pool Wainwright, who survives her husband, has now reached the age of seventy-two, and has all her faculties unimpaired, so much so that she undertook, a short time ago, to visit her daughter in Galveston, Texas, a journey of over five thousand miles in extent, and returned im- proved in health and spirits. The subject of our sketch is one of a family of ten chil- dren, seven sons and three daughters, of which family he is the third. From early life he developed signs which convinced all interested that he was of a mechanical turn of mind, and would make his mark in life, and the results have fully justified this pre- diction, for we find that in 1855, he came to Toronto to assist his uncle in the brass-fin- ishing and plumbing trade. This business having been disposed of, he determined to learn the gold and silver plating, and during his apprenticeship, devoted his evenings to the study of such subjects as were necessary for his calling. In 1864, the young man be- gan business for himself, at No. 80 Queen street west, and was amply rewarded with what is always in store for energy and intel- ligence-success; and in his case the suc- cess was far beyond the highest expecta- tions of his friends or himself. He also ad- ded " house furnishings " to his business of plating, which was now requiring a large amount of time and attention. During his stay on Queen street, he pulled down the old premises and built a large block of stores, still keeping his manufactory at the back, but this grew too small, and he built another factory, at No. 14 King street east. This also grew too small, and, after three years, he was compelled to remove to the large pre- mises now occupied by him, and known throughout the city and country as " Milli- champ's Buildings," situated on Adelaide street east, near the Post Office, under the firm name of W. Millichamp & Co., manufacturers of plain, ornamental, and fancy show cases, gold and silver plating. The business is owned by Wallace Mil- lichamp alone, the company being only a formal designation. The present magnifi- cent buildings, at the above place, were erected by Mr. Millichamp, at considerable cost, in 1875, but several modern improve- ments were made in 1885. Mr. Millichamp is now enrolled on the assessors' lists as being one of the fifth largest taxpayers in Toronto. He has never neglected the im- portant duty of guarding the city's interests ; for, as early as 1858, we find him taking an active part in political struggles under the reform banner, and many of the leading men of the party can bear witness to the zeal with which he fought their battles. He proved his unselfishness by positively refusing office of any kind, preferring to be a simple private in the ranks of the people, until the year 1878, when he accepted the nomination for the office of school trustee, for the ward of St. John, believing that by so doing he could advance a cause which had, with that of temperance, been one of the great objects of his life. After a sharp and severe contest, he was defeated by the late Charles Fisher, the majority being very small. Notwith- standing his strong and pronounced support of liberal principles, both in parliamentary and municipal affairs, when the general elec- tions took place, in 1878, and the trade ques- tion was the all-absorbing topic, he felt it his duty to support the national policy, believing it to be for the best interests of Canada to foster and encourage home man- ufactures, and he has continued a supporter of the same, being an active official of the Dominion Manufacturers' Association. In the year 1882, his friends brought him out as " the people's candidate" in St. James' ward for aldermanic honours, and the re- cord of the votes for that year show how highly the citizens esteemed their standard bearer. Duly appreciating his services as aiderman for 1883, they nominated and elected him by acclamation for 1884, and their labour was not lost, as he made a fight for the people on the water works engine question that will long be remembered, al- though the popular vote of the people did not endorse the stand he took in this matter. During the two terms of aldermanic office, he served as a member of the markets and health committees, and the fire and gas com- <L4N4 IZL1N BIOGRAPHY. 799 mittees, also the exhibition committee. Dur- ing one term, he filled the responsible post of chairman of the water works department. The demands on his time, from family and business circles, did not prevent him assist- ing in the organization and continuance of the many societies which help to unite men. Mr. Millichamp is an active member of the Board of Trade, an official of the Dominion Manufacturers' Association, an active member of St. Andrew's lodge, A.F. and A.M., Toronto lodge of Odd Fellows, L. O. lodge 275, Kent lodge, No. 3, Sons of England, Excelsior lodge United Workmen, St. George's Society, and many others. He is also an ex-member of the Queen's Own Rifles. He has pronounced religious views, and is a member of the Wesleyan or Metho- dist church of Canada. On the 3rd April, 1862, Mr. Millichamp married Mary Gar- butt, of Toronto, and ten children, five sons and five daughters, are the result of this union. Rutherford, David Bell, M.D., Morrisburg, was born in Belleville, Ontario, on December 22nd, 1856, his parents being Susan Magdalen Stephenson Blaind, and Thomas Rutherford. His mother was born in Dumfries, Scotland, in 1823, and was the daughter of William K. Blaind and Alicia Blaind. His father was one of the Blainds, merchants and shippers, who failed in busi- ness, after which our subject's maternal grandfather came to Canada (1832), with all his family, excepting our subject's mother, who followed in 1848, settling in Belleville, where they permanently resided. Thomas Rutherford was born in Lanton, about two miles from Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Scot- land, on October 5th, 1815. His mother was Mary Bell, of Cessford, who, marrying D. B. Rutherford, paternal grandfather, lived thenceforth at Lanton where Thomas Ruth- erford was born. Thomas came to Canada in 1842, and settled in Belleville, where he began contracting for buildings, in which business he continued successfully, until he retired in 1876. Dr. Rutherford's educa- tion was obtained first in the common school, known in Belleville as the Hospital school, then he went to the Grammar school, where he received most of his preliminary educa- tion, Alexander Burden being the preceptor, and who for thirty years filled the position of head master. From 1873 to 1877 inclusive, Mr. Rutherford attended the Commercial College and Albert University, Belleville, working for his father during the summer months, or contracting upon his own account. He began the study of medicine at Queen's University, Kingston, in 1877, and had a very creditable course in that institution. He was appointed demonstrator of anatomy to the class of 1880 and 1881; was chosen prize director for the Ontario Medical Council ; was elected first vice-president of his alma mater society, and obtained by professional competition the house surgeonship of King- ston General Hospital, 1881 and 1882. Dr. Rutherford went to Morrisburgh, in June of 1882, and at that place he has since been practising his profession. Dr. Rutherford served for three years in the 15th batallion, A. S. I., as full private in the rear ranks, re- fusing promotion. He has travelled through Western Canada very thoroughly, as far as Kicking Horse Pass, both by rail and on foot. Through his industry, his natural brilliancy, and through the learning for which he en- joys such high local repute, Dr. Rutherford is rapidly establishing for himself a hand- some practice. He is a Presbyterian, and is unmarried. Murray, Adam, London, Ontario, County Treasurer of Middlesex, was born on August 1st, 1808, at Liddesdale, Rox- burghshire, Scotland, and is a son of Charles and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Murray, both of the same place. He received his elementary educational instruction at the place of his birth, but emigrating to the colonies at an early age, he completed his studies at the Grammar schools of St. John, N.B., and Fredericton, the capital of the same pro- vince. Mr. Murray shortly afterwards moved westward, and he was appointed Inspector of schools for the township of Westminster, County of Middlesex. In 1857, he was appointed county treasurer, and has filled that office since, to the thorough satisfaction of the public. Mr. Murray gives his allegiance to Presbyterian- ism, and joined the first Presbyterian church, in the City of London, and has continued his connection with it since. In politics he has always been a Reformer, and he gave his zealous support to Robert Bald- win, and to the party which was known as the Baldwin reformers, continuing his alle- giance to the same party under its changed appellation. But Mr. Murray has not hun- gered after political distinction ; his life, however, has been a useful, industrious and honourable one, and his character stands the highest for integrity. He married, on the 19th of October, 1835, Jane Beattie, of Dumfriesshire, Scotland. Charles Murray, his son, was at one time manager of the Federal Bank, London, and is now manager of the London Loan Company. 800 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Reade, John, Montreal, was born at Ballyshannon, County Donegal, Ireland, on the 13th November, 1837. He was educat- ed at Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, and Queen's College, Belfast. He came to Canada in 1856, and assisted by some friends, established the Montreal Literary Magazine, which, though favourably re- ceived by the press, failed for want of support from the public. Mr. Reade after- wards became associated for a time with the Montreal Gazette, and passed some years between journalism and private tui- tion. In 1859 he began the study of law, passing the preliminary examination, but learning that the rectorship of Lachute College was vacant, he applied for the situ- ation, which he obtained, retaining the same for three years. During this time he was able to pursue the study of theology, and in 1864-5 was ordained by Bishop Ful- ford as a clergyman, and in that capacity served in the eastern townships (see Biblio- theca Canadensis). In 1868-9, Mr. Reade had charge of a Church of England journal in Montreal, and renewed his connection with the press of the latter city, which con- nection has since continued. For the last sixteen years, with the exception of an in- terval of a year or so spent in the countsy, Mr. Reade has been connected with the Montreal Gazette. Since 1874 he has been regularly on its staff as literary and assist- ant general editor. But it is as an author, as the writer of verse, that Mr. Reade has the greatest claim upon the biographer. Among his contributions to the higher class literature may be mentioned, "The Pro- phecy of Merlin and other poems," Dawson Brothers, 1870. Since the appearance of this volume, Mr. Reade has written more than enough to make another book, which it is hoped the public will shortly see. Our author has also written a number of trans- lations, including passages from the Greek of Homer, 2Eschylus, Sophocles, Eurpides, Pindar and Lucian ; from the Latin of Horace, Ovid, Virgil, &c.; from the French of Lamartine, Beranger, Andre Chenier, Victor Arnault ; and of Canadian poets, Madame Glendonwyn (Miss Chauveau), Dr. Hubert LaRue, F. R. Angers, &c. ; from the German of Herder, Schiller, Ko- erner, Heine, &c. ; and from the Italian of Leopardi, Caterina Franceschi, Altieri, &c. Some of the latter translations were highly commended in the Bco d'Italia, of New York. Mr. Reade has also written some tales:-"Winty Dane's Transformation," "The De Chalneys," "The Ecclestons," &c. He has contributed either prose or verse to every magazine or review that has been started in Canada during the last thirty years ; and he purposes publishing soon a volume of essays on subjects connected with Canadian history, literature, &c. Some of these were papers read before the Mon- treal Athenaeum, Kuklos Club, Literary and Historical Society of Quebec (of which Mr. Reade is an honorary member), the Royal Society, &c. Others were delivered as lectures, and others contributed to maga- zines, while several have not been in any way made known to the public. Among the collection are these : " Were the ancient Britains savage or civilized?" " Thomas D'Arcy McGee as a poet," "Exploration before Columbus." " History in geographi- cal names," " The origin of Canadian geo- graphical names," " Origin and early his- tory of the alphabet," " The Half-breed," " Language as indicating conquest," " Brit- ish Canada in the last century," "Some curious kinships-an essay in philology," " The Ethnology of Canada," and a critical and historical sketch of " Canadian Litera- ture." This work will probably be pub- lished next fall. Some of Mr. Reade's his- torical papers have been translated into French. One of them, a review of Abbe Desmazure's admirable biography of Abbe Taillon, author of the " Histoire de la Co- lonie Francaise," and quite a library of other works, was translated and published in Paris as a small volume. Of the work of Mr. Reade there has been but the one verdict by all the critics, namely, that it is fine and true, exhibiting all those varieties of excel- lence that go to make verse imperishable. Writing to Mr. Reade of the volume referred to, the late William Cullen Bryant said : " It is no small merit in my eyes that you have avoided that misty phraseology in which so many poets of the day are accus- tomed to wrap up their reflections, and that you clothe yours in a transparent, luminous diction." John J. Whittier describes " Do- minion Day" as " a fine outburst of patri- otic song," and bestows general praise upon Mr. Reade's work. A like commendation came to the author from Longfellow. But hosts of competent critics have employed their pens in praise of Mr. Reade's work, and the paper by L'Abbe Verreau, in the Revue de Montreal, is a comprehensive tri- bute to the achievements of our author. We reproduce the following stanzas, " Tha- latta, Thalatta," for they exhibit so many qualities, grace, ease, fervour and the lyri- cal lament:- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 801 I. In my ear is the moan of the pines-in my heart is the song of the sea, And I feel his salt breath on my face as he show- ers his kisses on me ; And I hear the wild scream of the gulls, as they answer the call of the tide, And I watch the fair sails as they glisten like gems on the breast of a bride. Ii. From the rock where I stand to the sun is a path- way of sapphire and gold, Like a waif of those Patmian visions that rapt the lone seer of old ; And it seems to my soul like an omen that calls me far over the sea- But I think of a little white cottage and one that is dearest to me. . in. Westward ho ! Far away to the East is a cottage that looks to the shore- Though each drop in the sea were a tear, as it was I can see it no more- For the heart of its pride with the flowers of the " Vale of the Shadow " reclines, And-hushed is the song of the sea and hoarse is the moan of the pines. This is at once true to nature and the heart of humanity, without which qualities death must wait upon all verse. How accurately the discerning eye of Mr. Bryant judged of the quality of such work, for if ever dic- tion was transparent and luminous, the above surely is, and like the above is all of Mr. Reade's verse. We await the promised volume with much expectation. Melville, Thomas R., Mayor of Prescott, Ontario, was born at Prescott, on December 19th, 1847. His father, Thomas Melville, was a sea captain for many years. Abandoning the salt water, he came to Canada, and located at Prescott, Ontario, where he followed mercantile pursuits. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Grammar school in his native town. Leav- ing school at the age of fifteen, he embarked in the printing business, but being in poor health, he abandoned this pursuit at the end of two years, and commenced the study of drugs and medicines. At the age of twenty he purchased the drug business of the late Dr. Andrew Melville, of Prescott, which he is still conducting. He was connected with the Prescott Garrison artillery company, which was in active service during the Fenian troubles of 1866. During the past seven years he has been secretary-treasurer of the Electoral District Agricultural So- ciety of South Grenville, and for a num- ber of years secretary of the Reform Asso- ciation of the same county. He took an active part in organizing the Prescott Odd- fellows lodge, which is now one of the most prosperous in Canada. In his earlier years he was prominently connected with all the local athletic associations and rowing clubs, which in those days gave the old town of Prescott an enviable position in the athletic world. At the age of twenty-one he was elected a member of the town council, which position he held for twelve years. He was elected mayor in 1885, and again returned by acclamation in 1886. A staunch Liberal in politics, he has been an active worker in all political contests. Carman, Robert Baldwin, Corn- wall, Junior Judge of the County Court of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, was born at Iroquois, in the Coun- ty of Dundas, on the 23rd day of October, A.D. 1843. He is a son of U. E. loyalists on both sides of the house ; his father being Philip Carman, who died in May, 1875, his mother, Emmeline, daughter of Peter Shaver, or Schaffer, who represented the County of Dundas for a long period of years between 1820 and 1840. Judge Carman was educated at Matilda County Grammar school, and at Belleville seminary, after- wards Albert College. He concluded his course in arts at Albert College, Belleville, in 1866, and received his degree of B. A. from Albert University in 1867, and that of M. A. in 1868. In 1866 and 1867 he attend- ed Lawrence Scientific school in connection with Harvard University, Boston, taking while there a course of chemistry under Prof. Gibbs, and attending a course of lectures by Prof. Agassiz on zoology, and a course by Prof. Gray on botany. U pon his return from Boston he acted as professor of chemistry in Albert University for four years, and then began the study of law, taking his bar- rister's degree in 1873. He began practice in Cornwall, in the same year, and was ap- pointed deputy judge of Stormont, Dun- das and Glengarry in 1879, and junior judge on March 23rd, 1883. He was a member of the volunteer corps at Belle- ville, and was at Prescott during the Fenian raid, in 1866, acting as sergeant. Judge Carman is a Freemason and an Orange- man, having joined both of these orders when very young, and has also been con- nected with the Sons of Temperance and with the Good Templars. Judge Carman is a member of the Church of England. He was brought up an Episcopal Metho- dist, but never connected himself with that church. Judge Carman was appointed a revising officer under the Dominion Fran- chise Act. He married, on June 1st, 1872, Cecilia L. Halet. 802 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF Mulholland, Robert, Cobourg, On- tario, M.P.P. for West Northumberland, was born in the township of Haldimand, near Cobourg, Ont., on the 13th of October, 1838. He is a son of John and Mary Jane (Beatty) Mulholland, who came to Canada from the north of Ireland. After the arrival of John Mulholland in Canada, he settled in the township of Haldimand, and was one of the pioneers of that place. He bought 100 acres, and settled down to the life of a farmer, which occupation he fol- lowed until 1876, when he retired, and gave his attention to the duties of magistrate, to which office he had been appointed. He is a man of excellent judgment, and a high character for integrity, and he gives much of his time to settling questions between persons who appeal to him as arbitrator. Mrs. Mulholland died, and Mr. Mulholland again married Mrs. McNulty, a lady of Scottish birth, by whom he had two of a family. By his first marriage there were five of a family, the subject of this sketch being the second son. Robert Mulholland received a sound education, and finished his studies at the Commercial College, Oswego, N.Y. After leaving the common school, at the age of fifteen, he entered mercantile life, and, in 1853, went into the employ of the late Robert Harston, P.M. and general merchant, of Baltimore, where he remained for three years, during which time Mr. Harston had. opened a branch store at Rosemeath, Northumberland, and Mr. Mulholland was placed in charge of the same. He succeeded the late Rev. William Case as postmaster of that place, and at that time this was the only post office in the township. In 1857, his time being ex- pired with Mr. Harston, Mr. Mulholland entered into partnership with Alexander Kennedy, and purchased the business of John S. Grafton, in the adjoining village of Alderville, and engaged in general mer- chandise, under the name of Kennedy & Mulholland, which firm continued for eightyears, when it dissolved, and the busi- ness was sold out. Mr. Mulholland then removed to the town of Cobourg, where he formed a partnership with Peter Brown, in a general hardware and grocery business, under the firm name of Mulholland & Brown. This business continued until 1875, and during which time he formed a partnership in the dry goods trade with William Graham, under the firm name of Graham & Mulholland, purchasing the business of Minaker & Bro., of the same town. This business was conducted for a year, when Mr. Mulholland sold his interest to D. H. Minaker. In 1873, the firm of Mulholland & Brown purchased the hard- ware business of John Mulligan, of Port Hope, and Mr. Brown took the management of this branch. Mr Brown, however, a short time afterwards sold out his interest in the Cobourg business to Mr. Mulholland, who carried it on until 1881, when he dis- posed of it, and has since devoted his time in winding it up. Although he has been offered and refused partnership in wl ole- sale houses in Toronto, he has not yet decided to again re-enter mercantile life. His interest in the Port Hope establish- ment he sold to his son, Robert Alexander, who carries the business on under the old firm name of Mulholland & Brown. In 1875, Mr. Mulholland was elected to the town council of Cobourg, and remain- ed in the council for four years, during two of which he was chairman of the finance committee. He retired from the council in 1879, and was appointed a mem- ber of the board of commissioners of the Town Trust, and is now chairman of the board. In 1883, he contested West North- umberland for the legislature, having re- ceived the unanimous nomination at the convention of the Liberal-Conservatives held at Cobourg. He succeeded in de- feating his opponent, John C. Field, ex- M.P.P., the Reform candidate, by a major- ity of sixty votes, although the seat had been held for eight years by the Reform party. Mr. Mulholland has been a director of the Cobourg Ladies' College, and also oJ the Canada Agricultural Insurance Com- pany. He has always been a Liberal-Con- servative, and has taken an active part in the formation of the Liberal-Conservative Association in his riding, being a warm sup- porter of the N.P. and the C.P.R. measures of Sir John A. Macdonald. Mr. Mulholland invested considerably in North-West lands, and was fortunate enough to come out a gainer at the time of the "boom." During 1881 he travelled throughout England, Ire- land and Scotland, in company with Mrs. Mulholland and Miss Ida, his daughter, visiting all points of historic interest. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and has been one of the managers of the Cobourg Presby- terian Church for twelve years. He mar- ried, in 1859, Mary Kennedy, sister of Alexander Kennedy, J.P., his late partner, by whom he has three of a family : John Mulholland, the second son, is now receiv- ing his education in Victoria University, in Cobourg ; the eldest having succeeded to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 803 his father's business in Port Hope. Mr. Mulholland is very much devoted to his public duties, and the same energy and alertness which have been manifest through- out his business career he has shown in the legislative sphere. Owing to Victoria Uni- versity being in Mr. Mulholland's riding, he takes a very deep interest in the University federation scheme ; and is also now engaged in devising a scheme whereby the toll-gates of his county may be abolished, and is fur- thering legislation with that end in view. Mr. Mulholland claims that the Municipal Loan Fund settlement of the town of Co- bourg was unjust to that town, and insists that the government should give it better terms. He is a painstaking member-close- ly watches and studies public affairs,-and while his judgment upon general questions is sound, his own constituency have in him a watchful guardian. Harwood, Antoine Chartier De Lotbiniere, Vaudreuil, Adjutant-General Militia, M.D. No. 6, was born in Montreal, on the 23rd of April, 1825. and called to the Montreal bar in 1848. He was the eldest son of the Hon. Robert Irwin Harwood and JosephtideLotbiniere, seigneuresse of Vau- dreuil, daughter of the Hon. A. C. De Lotbi- nifere, speaker of the Quebec house in 1793. His father was a member of the Special Council in 1838, and member of parliament for Vaudreuil in 1858 ; also a member of the legislative council of Quebec in 1860. He was educated at the Roman Catholic College, Montreal, and received a thorough classical training, taking a two years course, and at that early time gave evidences of the brilliant talent time so fully de- veloped. His military career dates from January, 1869, since which time he has been deputy adjutant general in command of Military district No. 6 up to the present. In his official capacity he has been an orna- ment and example to the service. From 1863 until 1870 he was a member of parlia- ment, representing the County of Vaudreuil, and perhaps his most notable utterance there was the speech delivered by him in the Legislative Assembly on the 9th March, 1865, on confederation. This deliverance was considered by the late able statesman, Sir George E. Cartier, the most notable on record dealing with the question of union at that time, and while being delivered the ven- erable knight drew attention to the fact that his noble ancestor-whose portrait was hang- ing directly opposite Colonel Harwood-if it was possible for him to be present in spirit, would be proud of his talented de- scendant. Colonel Harwood is a staunch Roman catholic. He married, on February 4th, 1851, Margaret Angelique Lefebre de Bellefeuille, daughter of Colonel Eustache Antoine Lefebre de Bellefeuille, in his life- time seigneur of St. Eustache Mille Isles, and in 1882 deputy adjutant-general of Militia for Canada. We cannot close our brief sketch of this gifted gentleman without re- ferring to a speech made by him at Cham- bly, on June 8th, 1881, before his Excel- cellency the Marquis of Lome, on the occa- sion of the inauguration of the monument to M. DeSalaberry, a relative of Mr. Harwood's. The dignity, the brilliancy, and the fluency then displayed were not only commented upon by the press, but by the representative of royalty. Colonel Harwood's success in social circles is as notable as his public career. He has travelled extensively in Europe, and while abroad had his magnificent voice trained by the celebrated preceptor of Jenny Lind, as well as by his compeer Bataille, of the Theatre Opera Comique de Paris. Mair, diaries, was born at the village of Lanark, in the Bathurst district of Upper Canada, on the 21st September, 1840, and wat educated at the Perth Grammar School and Queen's College, Kingston. His father, the late James Mair, emigrated from Scot- land to Canada nearly sixty years ago, and established large business interests in Lanark and Perth, and was one of the pion- eers of the square timber trade in the Mada- waska and the other tributaries of the Otta- wa. Mr. Mair's familiarity with nature may be traced to the business in which his family was engaged, and which brought him into direct contact with forest and stream, and created a love for field sports. For a short time Mr. Mair was engaged in the study of medicine, but was called away from that study by the Honourable Milliam McDou- gall to make researches in the Parliament- ary Library, in reference to the question then pending about the transfer of the North- West territories to Canada. Tn 1868, Mr. Mair published a volume of poems entitled " Dreamland and other poems," which was very well received by the press, but which had only a limited circulation, as a large portion of the edition was burnt in the Des- barat's fire while being bound. In the fall of 1868 Mr. Mair wps appointed by the gov- ernment as paymaster of the party sent un- der Mr. Snow to Red River, to open up com- munication with the Lake of the Woods. He took with him a quantity of MSS., in- cluding several poems which he was pre- paring for publication. In the fall of 1869 804 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the first rebellion broke out, and Mr. Mair was taken prisoner with a number of other loyal Canadians, and for many weeks was kept in close confinement in Fort Garry, and afterwards in the Court House. After some weeks, Louis Riel told Mr. Mair that ho intended to have him executed, but with the assistance of his fellow prisoners, Mr. Mair and a few others succeeded in effecting their escape, and reaching Portage La Prairie. Here they raised a force, which, under Major Boulton, marched to Fort Garry and induced Riel to deliver up his prisoners. Afterwards, by treachery, Major Boulton and Thomas Scott and others were captured, and Scott mur- dered. Mr. Mair escaped and walked on snowshoes some 400 miles, reaching St. Paul in thirty days, whence he came to On- tario, where he, Dr. Schultz and Dr. Lynch, received a hearty welcome from their native province. After the restoration of law and order, Mr. Mair returned to the North-West and endeavoured to recover his papers and MSS., which had been scattered during his imprisonment. All his efforts were unavail- ing, and the work of years was gone forever. Disheartened by the loss, he abandoned liter- ature, and entered into the fur trade and general business at Portage La Prairie, where he remained Lili .1876, when he moved to Prince Albert, where he resumed the same business. During this period, at long intervals, he contributed a few articles to the Canadian Monthly. About the year 1883 he foresaw the trouble coming, which cul- minated in the North-West rebellion of 1885, and finding that no steps were taken by the government to remove the causes of discontent, he decided that it would be unsafe to leave his family at Prince Albert, and, therefore, removed to Windsor, Ontario, where he settled down to wait till the troublous times were ended. Finding that he had enforced leisure, he turned again to literature, and wrote the drama of "Tecumseh," which has just been issued (March, 1886). While he was engaged at this work, the rebellion broke out, and he at once made up his mind to proceed to the North- West and take part in the campaign. He was attached to the Governor-General's Body Guard as quarter-master, and served with that corps during the whole campaign, and returned with the same to Toronto, where the corps were relieved from active service, and he was enabled to complete his drama. Notwithstanding the fruition and promise in Mr. Mair's early volume, " Dreamland and other poems," it is by his lately published work that he will take a foremost and an enduring place in the do- main of purely Canadian letters. A volume of high-class verse is not a work that usually finds a rapid sale ; but the history of the book under discussion, has been unprece- dented in Canada in this respect. At the date of writing, though "Tecumseh" has been only a few weeks before the public, the edition is almost exhausted. It was received by the press with the strongest possible encomiums, and is the first book, wrought en- tirely of Canadian material, that has taken a thorough and permanent hold upon our own people. Its passports to the heart of the Canadian community were its lofty spirit of patriotism, the nobleness of its sentiment, its sympathetic insight into the questions with which it deals, and its splendid literary qualities. The imagery is rich and varied, but it is always true to nature, and to the human heart. "Tecumseh " is a work that the country will not allow to perish. It is gratifying to be able to write in this way of a drama, the subject of which is Canadian material, the writer of which is a son of our own soil. Mr. Mair married on the 8th September, 1869, at Red River, Eliza Mac- kenney, a niece of Dr. Schultz. Thompson, Thomas, J.P., Toronto, head of the firm of Thomas Thompson & Sons, King street east, Toronto, was born in Toronto, on January 9th, 1832. His father was a native of Yorkshire, England, and his mother was Rebecca Boyce. The subject of our sketch was married, at the age of twenty-three, to Hester Carbert, and has had a family of seven sons, two of whom, Boyce and William, are partners in the business, Boyce, the eldest son, being ad- mitted in 1881, and William two years later. In 1882, Mr. Thompson was induced to stand as candidate to represent East Tor- onto, in the Liberal interest, in the Do- minion Parliament, but was defeated by the present member, Mr. Small. It is not from connection with political annals that Mr. Thompson is looked upon as a represen- tative Canadian, but from the fact that he has made for himself a conspicuous name in his native city as a thorough man of busi- ness and a successful merchant. He is one of the few who have passed through many periods of commercial depression, and built up an extensive business on a sound basis, and in consequence gained the confidence of his customers, and maintained his credit. Mr. Thompson has crossed the Atlantic seventy-three times, and was on board the Great Eastern on her last voyage home, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 805 lies is a staunch Liberal. He contested the North Riding of Bruce for the Commons against Colonel Sproat, defeating him in 1872 by a majority of twenty-three votes, and was elected by acclamation in 1874. In 1878, he again contested the riding against Colonel Sproat, and gained the elec- tion by a majority of 156 votes. In 1882, after the " gerrymander act," he was de- feated by Alexander McNeil, being handi- capped in the constituency by nearly 400 votes. However, in 1883, Mr. Gillies con- tested the same riding for the Ontario legis- lature against James Rowan, and was elect- ed by a majority of 120 votes. Mr. Gillies is one of the most zealous and punctual members of the legislature, and devotes a great deal of attention to public affairs, and especially to them that are of moment to his own constituency, He does not often speak, but when he does, his utterances are charac- terised by careful thought and a thorough knowledge of the subject under discussion. In religion he is a staunch Presbyterian. He is not married. Balfour, William Douglas, Am- herstburg,Ont., M.P.P. for South Essex, was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, on 2nd Au- gust, 1851. He is a son of David Balfour, a member of a Kincardineshire family, and Janet Douglas. Mr. Balfour, sr., came to Canada about 1857, and engaged in rail- roading. He is still living in the village of Allanburg; and Mrs. Balfour is like- wise living there. There were five of a family, the subject of this sketch being the eldest. William Douglas Balfour re- ceived a Public school education, conclud- ing his studies at the Grantham Academy, St. Catharines. At the age of fifteen he left school and engaged as school teacher in the townships of Grantham and Louth, where he remained for five years. He then received the appointment of secretary of the St. Catharines Board of Trade, and also that of librarian of the Mechanics' Institute. In 1872, he established the St. Catharines daily and weekly News, in partnership with R. Matheson ; and these two gentlemen con- tinued the publication until 1874, when the firm dissolved, Mr. Balfour retiring in the same year. He then removed to Amherst- burg, Essex, where he founded a weekly paper, in partnership with J. A. Auld, un- der the firm name of Balfour & Auld, the paper being called the Amherstburg Echo. This partnership continued until 1885, when a joint stock company was formed under the name of the Echo Printing Co., Mr. Bal- four being president of the company, which when she was supposed to have been lost, having been twenty-one days out ; but, fortunately, after a terrible voyage, arrived safely. Mr. Thompson has been a member of the Methodist church from his youth up. An old and worn out pocket book that he carried for many years contains the follow- ing scrap, showing the principles which have been his guide :-" Energy is a four-story virtue, and always pays. It is one of those accounts on which there is no discount. The chief difference among mankind is not so much in gift or talent as in energy-the drop of water that chisels the stone is only another name for energy. Nothing resists this virtue, and it conquers what it will, the only condition being time." His sons inherit the business tact and the high prin- ciple of integrity which have distinguished Mr. Thompson throughout his business career. To these young men the great pro- portion of the business to-day, maintained in the face of keen competition, is largely due. Gillies, Major John, Gillies' Hill, On- tario, M.P.P. for North Bruce, is a native of the Parish of Kilcalomnell, Argyleshire, Scotland. He is a son of Hugh Gillies and Mary Blue, the latter being a descendant of one of the old families of the West High- lands, who were originally of the Mc- Donald clan. Hugh Gillies was a farmer, and came to this country in 1855, settling in the township of Elderslie, County of Bruce, where he remained engaged in farming until his death in 1869. Mrs. Gillies died in Scotland. There was a family of ten chil- dren, the subject of this sketch being the sixth eldest. Major John Gillies received a parochial school education. At the age of sixteen he left school, and having a desire to travel and to try his fortune in the new world, he, in company with his two brothers, Malcolm and Dugald Gillies sailed for Ame- rica, and reached Canada in August, 1852, and shortly afterwards settled upon a farm in the township of Elderslie, Bruce county, Ontario, and is now the possessor of a splendid farm of 300 acres of land, on which he at present resides. Mr. Gillies has taken some interest in militia affairs, and was appointed senior major of the Canadian militia. In 1856, he was elected township councillor of Elderslie, and continued for many years in the council, being reeve for over fifteen years and warden of the county for five years of that time. He has been pro- visional director of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway, having taken much interest in railroad enterprises. In politics Mr. Gil- 806 A CYCLOPEDIA OF position he retains still. In 1872, Mr. Bal- four was elected a public school trustee for St. Patrick's ward, St. Catharines, and re- tained this office for two years. After go- ing to Amherstburg, in 1875, he was also elected a school trustee, and was re-elected for four successive years, during which time he was chairman of the board. In 1878, he was elected reeve of the town of Amherst- burg, and served as chairman of the finance and educational committees of the county council, as well as auditor of the criminal justice accounts. He was also chairman of the finance committee of the town council of Amherstburg. In 1883, after his election to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario,he retired from the Council of Amherstburg. In 1879, he contested the election for South Essex in the local house, with Lewis Wigle, M. P., and was defeated. In 1882, when Mr. Wigle was elected to the Commons, Mr. Balfour contested the same riding with Peter Wright, reeve of Colchester South, Essex, in the bye-election, and was elected, in the Reform interest, by a majority of seventy-two votes. At the general election of 1883, he defeated Thomas B. White, reeve of Anderdon, by a majority of thirty-four votes. On first ap- pearing in the house in 1882, Mr. Balfour moved the address in reply to the speech from the throne, and has since served on the following committees, viz.: Public accounts, printing, municipal, railways, and private bills. Mr. Balfour, we may state, it was who introduced the bill which has been con- siderably discussed through the press, viz., that providing for the admission of Delos R. Davis, (coloured) of Colchester, to the bar of Ontario. Although persistently opposed, Mr. Balfour successfully carried his point, in the face of pronounced opposition by the legal fraternity, under the aegis of the law society. He has also carried on a vigorous crusade for the abolition of toll roads, and has already secured some legislation in that direction, as well as approval from both sides of the house. Mr. Balfour has also in- troduced and carried through several amend- ments to the Municipal Act. He has been a member of the Oddfellows, and has been, for ten years, a director of the South Essex and Anderdon and Malden Agricultural societies ; has served as president of both, and is now a director of the South Essex Farmers' Institute. In 1868, he was secre- tary of the Y.M.C.A., at St. Catharines,and continued for some six years in that connec- tion, besides being secretary at the provin- cial convention, held at Belleville, in 1872. In politics Mr. Balfour is a Liberal Reformer, and is a member of the Reform Chib, of Toronto. He was for eight years sec- retary of the South Essex Liberal Associa- tion, and for the last eleven years has de- livered numerous campaign speeches in the interests of his party, through his own sec- tion of the country. We may add that he was conspicuous in the late "bribery con- spiracy," which has been ventilated through the press of the country, and tried in the courts. In that case, of course, Mr. Balfour appears as a man of integrity and honour. In political work Mr. Balfour takes the deepest interest. He has the advantage of being thoroughly well informed upon cur- rent political history, and as his ability as a debater is very pronounced, he frequently joins very effectively in debate. To get the " ear of the house " is a very high compli- ment to bestow upon a speaker ; but it is noteworthy that when Mr. Balfour is upon his feet, the house assumes an atti- tude of attentive listening. The chief speech, perhaps, delivered by him in the house was that, in 1885, in defense of Mr. Mowat's Redistribution Bill. Mr. Balfour is a Presbyterian. He married, in 1876, Josephine, eldest daughter of the late Colo- nel T. F. Brodhead, of Grosse Isle, Michi- gan, U. S., who was commander of the Michigan Cavalry Brigade, and who met a soldier's death at the field of Manassas, in Virginia. By this lady, Mr. Balfour has a family of five children. Criinn, Alexander, M.P. for the City of Kingston, Ontario, is a Scotchman by birth, and came to Canada with his parents when a mere lad. He was born at Brims, Caithness-shire, Scotland, on the 5th of Oc- tober, 1828. His father was James Gunn, who carried on farming and contracting in Caithness, and his mother was Janet Shearer. Both parents died many years ago, and left a family of two sons and three daughters, all of whom, with the exception of one daughter, still survive. Alexander, the eldest, received his early education at Forss parish school in Caithness, and finished in Kingston, where his parents first resided in coming to this country. Mr. Gunn be- gan his career in the grocery business, with John Carruthers, in Kingston, and has kept steadily at this branch of business, until he may now be considered a prince of the trade. Being a public-spirited gentleman, he was induced by his many friends and ad- mirers to offer himself as candidate for the House of Commons for the city in which he had spent nearly all his life ; he consented, and at the general elections of 1878, was CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 807 elected, defeating no less a personage than Sir John A. Macdonald, who had held Kingston as a " pocket borough " for a great number of years. Mr. Gunn was again elected at the last general election, and as time moves on he seems to become a greater favorite than ever with his friends of the Limestone City. In politics he has always been a steadfast Liberal, and it makes his election victories all the more important that he not alone defeated the Conserva- tive chief, as we have already seen, but de- feated him in the very centre of old Torydom. Mr. Gunn married, on the 13th October, 1864, at Kingston, Angelique Agnes Mat- thews, daughter of the late Robert Mat- thews. Wigle, Lewis, Leamington, M.P. for South Essex, was born in the township of Gosfield, in the County of Essex, on March 10th, 1845. He is a son of Solomon Wigle, and Ann Iler. Mr. Wigle, senior, repre- sented the County of Essex in the first On- tario Legislature, from 1867 till 1871, and who was a staunch supporter of Sandfield Macdonald. Solomon Wigle had the first con- tract, in 1860, for carrying the mails from Leamington to Windsor, and it will be in- teresting to state that Lewis Wigle carried it the first time it went over the road, and continued to do so for a year. He then left the rather laborious work, and took the posi- tion of clerk in a store for a year, when he returned to the farm, upon which he wrought in summer, and attended school in the win- ter. His father established him in a busi- ness at Leamington, in 1864, when he was nineteen years old, and there he has resided ever since, carrying on a business which has given him handsome profits. Mr. Wigle was reeve of the township of Mersea, from 1867 till 1875; was elected to represent South Essex in the Ontario Legislature, at the gen- eral election 1875 ; but was unseated on peti- tion, and re-elected in September, 1875, de- feating his mother's brother on both occasions by a majority, first, of 47; and, subsequently, of 384. He was again elected at the general election in 1879, defeating, the present member, Balfour, by a majority of 159. He resigned his seat in 1882, and tried conclu- sions with the Dominion candidate, and was elected to the Commons, defeating William McGregor, ex-M.P., by a majority of sixty votes. Mr. Wigle is president of thexLea- mington and St. Clair Railway Co., and secured a subsidy for the same in the session of 1885, from the government, of $3,200 per mile. Operations upon this road have just now commenced. Mr. Wigle is a mem- ber of four different agricultural societies, and belongs to the executive committee of the Conservative Union, Toronto. A staunch and able party-man, he has done consider- able ' ' stumping " in favour of the national policy ; he took part in the bye-elections held in West Northumberland, in 1885 ; in East Simcoe, and in West Kent, 1885, and in the local bye-election held in 1885. In politics, Mr. Wigle is a Liberal-Conserva- tive of the most pronounced type. He has always watched political questions closely, and the views that he entertains upon pub- lic matters are the result of close investiga- tion. He has been always zealous in the furtherance of his party's interests, and when he sat in the Ontario Legislature, he was one of the Liberal-Conservative whips. He is regarded as a very useful member of the House of Commons, being active in watching the interests of his own constitu- ency, and at the same time keeping himself well informed upon the general business with which parliament deals. Mr. Wigle is a Methodist. He married, on October 14th, 1868, Rebecca Hairsine.