NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Bethesda, Maryland A# Gift of Stanhope Bayne-Jones, M.D. ?■}-*■ ' I IV ZHH •t\: j . V ; • .Jk *▼ » I?" k *< Tf. / /*« —^ /:-.' ..a._i-irjv V .-rift**' , • •• -iliCfMMM & .L :&: V JOHNSON'S DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. V^L. II. L—Z. §(yk-*" * A DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: IN WHICH. THE WORDS ARE DEDUCED FROM THEIR ORIGINALS, AND ILLUSTRATED IN THEIR DIFFERENT SIGNIFICATIONS BY EXAMPLES FROM THE REST WRITERS. TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED A HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE, AND AN ENGLISH GRAMMAR. BY SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D. IN TWO VOLUMES—VOL. II. FIRST AMERICAN, FROIt THE ELEVENTH LONDON EDITION Cum tabulis anihum censoris sumet honesti: Audebit, quaecuiiue parum splendoris habebunt, Et sine pondere Aunt, et honore indigna ferentur, Verba movere lod; quamvis invita recedant, Et versentur adhii intra penetralia Vestae: Obscurata diu popUo bonus eruet, atque Proferet in lucem beciosa vocabula rerum, Quae priscis memorta Catonibus atque Cethegis Nunc situs informisWemit, et deserta retustas. Hor, TO W*CH ARE ADDED, WALKER'S PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION. PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JAMES MAXWELL. 119. A ■SOu-?'"-' J -f i > lm^ 71 /) DC' rr> -in*A. n. s. [labyrinth- us, Lat.] A maze; a place formed with inextricable windings. Suffolk, stay; Thou may'st not wander in that labyrinth; There minotaurs and ugly treasons lurk. Shaksp. Words which would tear The tender labyrinth of a maid's soft ear. Donne. My clamours tear The ear's soft labyrinth, and cleft the air. Sandys. The earl of Essex had not proceeded with his accustomed wariness and skill; but run into laby- rinths, from whence he could not disentangle him- self. Clarendon. My soul is on her journey; do not now Divert, or lead her back, to lose herself I' th' maze and winding labyrinths o' th' world. Denham. Lac, lak. n. s. Lac is usually distinguished by the name of a gum, but improperly, because it is inflammable, and not soluble in water. We have three sorts of it, which are all the product of the same tree. 1. The stick lac. 2. The seed lax. 3. The shell lac. Authors leave us uncertain whether this drug be- longs to the animal or the vegetable kingdom. Hill. LACE, lase. n. s. [lacet, French; laqueus, Latin.] I. A string; a cord. There the fond fly entangled, struggled long, Himself to free thereout; but all in vain: For striving more, the more in laces strong Himself he tied, and wrapt his winges twain In limy snares, the subtil loops among. Spenser. 2. A snare; a gin. The king had snared been in love' strong lace. Fairfax. 3. A plaited string, with which women fasten their clothes. O! cut my lace, lest, my heart cracking, it Break too. Shaksp. Doll ne'er was call'd to cut her lace, Or throw cold water in her face. Swift. 4. Ornaments of fine thread curiously woven. Our English dames are much given to the wear- ing of costly laces; and, if they be brought from Italy, they are in great esteem. Bacon. 5. Textures of thread, with gold or silver. He wears a stuff, whose thread is coarse and round, But trimm'd with curious lace. Herbert. 6. Sugar. A cant word; now out of use. If haply he the sect pursues, That read and comment upon news; He takes up their mysterious face, He drinks his coffee withoui lace. Prior* To Lace, lase. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To fasten with a string run through eyelet holes. I caused a fomentation to be made, and put on a laced sock, by which the weak parts were strength- ened. Wiseman. At this, for new replies he did not stay, But lac'd his crested helm, and strode away. Dryd. These glitt'nng spoils, now made the victor's gain, He to his body suits; but suits in vain: Messapus' helm he finds among the rest, And laces on, and wears the waving crest. Dryden. Like Mrs Primly's great belly; she may lace it down before, but it burnishes on her hips. Congreve. When Jenny's stays are newly lae'd, Fair Alma plays about her waist. Prior. 2. To adorn with gold or silver textures sewed on. It is but a night-gown in respect of yours; cloth of gold and coats, and lac'd with silver. Shaksp. 3. To embellish with variegations. Look, love, what envious streaks Do lace the severing clouds in yonder East; Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the misty mountains tops. Shaksp. Then clap four slices of pilaster on't, That, lac'd with bits of rustic, makes a front. Pope. 4. To beat; whether from the form which U Estrange uses, or by corruption of lash. Go you, and find me out a man that has no cu- riosity at all, or I'll lace your coat for ye. L'Estrange. Laced Mutton, laste-mtit'tn. An old word for a whore. Ay, Sir, I, a lost mutton, gave your letter to her a lac'd mutton, and she gave me nothing for my la- bour. Shaksp. LA'cEMAN,lase'man.88 n. s. [lace and man.] One who deals in lace. I met with a nonjuror, engaged with a laceman, whether the late French king was most like Augus- tus Caesar, or Nero. Mdison. La'cerable, las'ser-a-bl.40s adj. [from lacerated] Such as may be torn. Since the lungs are obliged to a perpetual com- merce with the air, they must necessarily lie open to great damages, because of their thin and lacerable composure. Harvey. To LA'CERATE, las'ser-ate." v. a. [la- ce.ro, Latin.] To tear; to rend; lo separ- ate by violence. And my sons lacerate and rip up, viper-like, the womb that brought them forth. Howel. The heat breaks through the water, so as to la- cerate and lift up great bubbles too heavy for the air to buoy up, and causeth boiling. Dcrkam. Here lacerated friendship claims a tear. Vanity of Human Wishes. Lacera'tion, las-ser-a'shfin. n. s. [from lacerate.] The act of tearing or rend- ing; the breach made by tearing. The effects are, extension of the great vessels compression of the lesser, and lacerations upon small causes. Muthnot. La'berative, las'ser-a-tiv.612 adj. [from lacerate.] Tearing; having the power to tear. Some depend upon the intempcrament of the part ulcerated, others upon the continual afflux of lacer- ated humours. Harvey. La'chrymal, lak'kre-mal.8" adj.[lachry- . mal, Fr.] Generating tears. It is of an exquisite sense, that upon any touch, LAC LAC LAD the tears might be squeezed from the lachrymal glands, to wash and clean it. Cheyne. LA'cHRYMARY,lak'kre-ma-re. adj. [lachry. ma, Latin.] Containing tears. How many dresses are there for each particular drity! what a variety of shapes in the ancient urns, lamps, and lachrymary vessels! Addison. Lachrym y'tion, lak-kre-ma'shun. n. s. [from lachryma, Lat.] The act of weep- ing, or shedding tears. La'chrymatory, lak'kre-ma-tir-e.a13 n. s. [lachrimatoire, French.] A vessel in which tears are gathered to the honour of the dead. Laci'niated, la-sin'ne-a-ted. adj. [from lacinia, Latin.] Adorned with fringes and borders. To LACK, lak. v. a. [laecken, to lessen, Dut.] To want; to need; to be without. Every good and holy desire, though it lack the form, hath notwithstanding in itself the substance, and with him the force, of prayer, who regardeth the very moanings, groans, and sighs of the heart. Hooker. A land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness; thou shalt not lack anything in it. Deuteronomy. One day we hope thou shalt bring back, Dear Bolingbroke, the justice that we lack. Daniel. In treat they may; authority they lack. Daniel. To Lack, lak. v. n. 1. To be in want. The lions do lack and suffer hunger. Com. Prayer. 2. To be wanting. Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous; wilt thou destroy all the city for lack of five? , Genesis. There was nothing lacking to them: David reco- vered all. 1 Samuel. That which was lacking on your part, they have supplied. 1 Corinthians. Lack, lak. n. s. [from the verb.] Want; need; failure. In the Scripture there neither wanteth any thing, the lack whereof might deprive us of life. Hooker. Many that are not mad Have sure more lack of reason. Shakspeare. He was not able to keep that place three days, for lack of victuals. Knolles. The trenchant blade, toledo trusty, For want of fighting was grown rusty, And eat into itself, for lack Of somebody to hew and hack. Hudibras. La'ckbrain, lak'brane. n. s. [lack and brain.] One that wants wit. What a lackbrain is this! Our plot is as good a plot as ever was laid. Shakspeare. La'cker, lak'kjir.98 ?i. s. A kind of var- nish, which, spread upon a white sub- stance, exhibits a gold colour. To La'cker, lak'kir. v. a. [from the noun.] To smear over with lacker. What shook the stage, and made the people stare? Cato's long wig, flower'd gown, and lacker'd chair. Pope. La'okey, lak'ke. n. s. [laquais, Fr.] An attending servant; a footboy. They would shame to make me Wait else at door: a fellow counsellor, \Mong boys, and grooms, and lackeys! Shakspeare. Though his youthful blood be fir'd with wine, He's cautious to avoid the coach and six, And on the lackeys will no quarrel fix. Dryden. Lackqueys were never so saucy and pragmatical as they are now-a-days. Addison's Spectator. To La'ckey, lak'ke. v. «.[from the noun.] To attend servilely. I know not wheth- er Milton has used this word very pro- perly. This common body, Like to a vagabond flag upon the stream, Goes to, and back, lackqueying the varying tide, To rot itself with motion. Shakspeare. So dear to heav'n is saintly chastity, That when a soul is found sincerely so, A thousand liveried angels lackey her, Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt. Milton. To La'ckey, lak'ke. v. n. To act as a footboy; to pay servile attendance. Oft have I servants seen on horses ride, The free and noble lacquey by their side. Sandys. Our Italian translator of the ^Eneis is a foot poet; he lackeys by the side »f Virgil, but never mounts behind him. Dryden. La'cklinen, lak'lin-nin." adj. [lack and linen.] Wanting shirts. You poor, base, rascally, cheating, lacklinen mate; away, you mouldy rogue, away. Shakspeare. La'cklustre, iak'lus-tur.416 adj. [lack and lustre.] Wanting brightness. And then he drew a dial from his poke, And looking on it with lacklustre eye, Says very wisely, It is ten o'clock. Shakspeare. LACO'NICK, la-kon'ik.509 adj. [laconi- cus, Lat. laconique, Fr.] Short; brief; from Lacones, the Spartans, who used few words. I grow laconick even beyond laconicism; for some- times I return only yes, or no, to questionary or pe- titionary epistles of half a yard long. Pope. La'conism, lak'ko-nizm. n. s. [laconisme, Fr. laconismus, Lat.] A concise style: called by Pope, laconicism. See Laco- nick. As the language of the face is universal, so it is very comprehensive: no laconism can reach it. It is the short-hand of the mind, and crowds a great deal in a little room. Collier of the Aspect. Laco'nically, la-kon'ne-kai-e.adv. [from laconick.] Briefly; concisely. Alexander Nequam, a man of great learning, and desirous to enter into religion there, writ to the ab- bot laconically. Camden's Remains. La'ctary, lak'ta-re.612 adj. [lactareus, Lat.] Milky; full of juice like milk. From lactary, or milky plants, which have a white and lacteous juice dispersed through every part, there arise flowers blue and yellow. Brown. La'ctary, lak'ta-re. n. s.[lactarium, Lat.] A dairy-house. Lacta'tion, lak-ta'shin. n. s. [lacto, Lat.] The act or time of giving suck. La'cteal, lak'te-al, or lak'tshe-al.4G4 adj. [from lac, Lat.] Milky; conveying chyle of the colour of milk. As the food passes, the chyle, which is the nutri- tive part, is separated from the excrementitious by the lacteal veins; and from thence conveyed into the blood. Locke. La'cteal, lak'te-al, or lak'tshe-al.404 n. s. The vessel that conveys chyle. The mouths of the lacteals may permit aliment, acrimonious or not sufficiently attenuated, to enter in people of lax constitutions, whereas their sphinc- ters will shut against them in such as have strong fibres. Arbuthnot. Lacte'ous, lak'te-us, or lak'tshe-i2ts. adj. [lacteus, Lat.] 1. Milky. Though we leave out the lacteous circle, yet are there more by four than Philo mentions. Brown. 2..Lacteal; conveying chyle. The lungs are suitable for respiration, and the B 2 lacteous vessels for the reception of the chyle. Bentley. Lacte'scence, lak-tes'sense.610 n. a. [lac- lesco, Lat.] Tendency to milk, or milky colour. This lacteseence does commonly ensue, when wine, being impregnated with gum-., or other vege- table concretions, that abound with sulphureous corpuscles, fair water is suddenly- poured upon the solution. Boyle on Colours. Laote'scent, lak-tes's£nt. adj. [lactes- cens, Lat.] Producing milk, or a white juice. Amongst the pot-herbs are some lactescent plants, as lettuce and endive, which contain a wholesome juice. Arbuthnot. Lacti'ferous, lak-tif'fer-us.318 adj. [lac and/b-0, Lat.] What conveys or brings milk. He makes the breasts to be nothing but glandules, made up of an infinite number of little knots, each whereof hath its excretory vessel, or lactiferous duct. Ray on the Creation. Lad, lad. n. s. [leobe, Saxon, which com- monly signifies people, but sometimes, says Mr. Lye, a boy.] I. A boy; a stripling, in familiar language. We were Two lads, that thought there was no more behind, But such a day to-morrow as to-day, And to be boy eternal. Shakspeare- The poor lad who wants knowledge must set his invention on the rack, to say something where he knows nothing. Locke. Too far from the ancient forms of teaching seve- ral good grammarians have departed, to the great detriment of such lads as have been removed to other schools. * Watts. 2. A boy; a? young man, in pastoral lan- guage. For grief whereof the lad would after joy, But pin'd away in anguish, and self-will'd annoy. " Spenser. The shepherd lad, Whose offspring on the throne of Judah sat So many ages. Milton. LA'DDER, lad'dur.58 n. s. [hlabpe, Saxon.] 1. A frame made with steps placed be- tween two upright pieces. Whose compost is rotten, and carried in time, And spread as it should be, thrift's ladder may climb. Tusser. Now streets grow throng'd, and busy as by day, Some run for buckets to the hallow'd quire; Some cut the pipes, and some the engines play, And some more bold mount ladders to the fire. Dryden. Easy in words thy style, in sense sublime; 'Tis like the ladder in the patriarch's dream, Its foot on earth, its height above the skies. Prior. I saw a stage erected about a foot and a half from the ground, capable of holding four of the inhabi- tants, with two or three ladders to mount it. Gulliver's Travels. 2. Any thing by which one climbs. Then took she help to her of a servant near about her husband, whom she knew to be of a hasty am- bition; and such a one, who wanting true sufficien- cy to raise him, would make a ladder of any mis- chief. Sidney. I must climb her window, The ladder made of cords. S/wArsp. Northumberland, ;hou ladder, by the which My cousin Bolingbroke ascends my throne. Shaksp. Lowliness is young ambition's ladder, Whereto the climber upward turns his face. Sttak. 3. A gradual rise. Endow'd with all these accomplishments, wc leave him in the full career of success, mounting LAD LAG LAI fast towards the top of the ladder ecclesiastical, which he hath a fair probability to reach. Swift. Lade, lade.?3 70 n. s. Lade is the mouth of a river, and is derived from the Saxon laoe, which signifies a purging or dis- charging; there being a discharge of* the waters into the sea, or into some greater river. Gibson. To Lade, lade.78 v. a. preter. laded; part. passive, laded or laden, [from hlaben, Saxon.] It is now commonly written load. 1. To load; to freight; to burden. And they laded their asses with corn, and de- parted thence. Genesis. The experiment which sheweth the weights of several bodies in comparison with water, is of use in lading of ships, and shewing what burden they will bear. Bacon. The vessels, heavy laden, put to sea With prosp'rous wind; a woman leads the way. Dryden. Though the peripatetick doctrine does not satisfy, yet it is as easy to account for the difficulties he charges on it, as for those his own hypothesis is laden with. Locke. 2. [hlaban, to draw, Saxon.] To heave out; to throw out. He chides the sea that sunders him from them, Saying, he'll lade it dry to have his way. Shaksp. They never let blood; but say, if the pot boils too fast, there is no need of lading out any of the wa- ter, but only of taking away the fire; and so they allay all heats of the blood by abstinence, and cool- ing herbs. Temple. If there be springs in the slate marl, there must be help to lade or pump it out. Mortimer. La'ding, la'ding.410 n. s. [from lade.] Weight; burden. Some we made prize, while others burnt and rent With their rich lading to the bottom went. Waller. The storm grows higher and higher, and threat- ens the utter loss of the ship: there is but one way to save it, which is, by throwing its rich lading overboard. South. It happened to be foul weather, so that the mari- ners cast their whole lading overboard to save them- selves. L'Estrange. Why should he sink where nothing seem'd to press? His lading little, and his ballast less. Swift. LA'DLE, la'dl.40fi n. s. [hlaeble, Saxon, from hlaban; leaugh, Erse.] 1. A large spoon; a vessel with a long handle, used in throwing out any liquid from the vessel containing it. Some stirr'd the molten ore with ladles great. Spenser. When the materials of glass have been kept long in fusion, the mixture casts up the superfluous salt, which the workmen take off with ladles. Boyle. A ladle for our silver dish Is what I want, is what I wish. Pi-ior. 2. The receptacles of a mill wheel, into which the water falling turns it. . La'dle-ful, la'dl-ful. n. s. [ladle and full.] If a footman be going up with a dish of soup, let the cook with a ladle-ful dribble hisj livery all the way up stairs. Swift. LA'DY, la'de.183 n. s. [hlaepbij, Saxon.] 1. A woman of high rank; the title of lady properly belongs to the wives of knights, of all degrees above them, and to the daughters of earls and all of higher ranks. I am much afraid, my lady, his mother play'd false with a smith. Shaksp. I would thy husband were dead; I would make thee my lady.—I your lady, Sir John! alas, I should be a pitiful lady. Shaksp. I am sorry my relation to so deserving a lady should be any occasion of her danger and affliction. King Charles. 2. An illustrious or eminent woman. O foolish fairy's son, what fury mad Hath thee incens'd to haste thy doleful fate? Were it not better I that lady had, Than that thou hadst repented it too late? Spenser. Before Homer's time this great lady was scarce heard of. Raleigh. May every lady an Evadne prove, That shall divert me from Aspasia's love. Waller. Should I shun the dangers of the war, With scorn the Trojans would reward my pains, And their proud ladies with their sweeping trains. Dryden. We find on medals the representations of ladies, that have given occasion to whole volumes on the account only of a face. Addison. 3. A word of complaisance used of women. Say, good Caesar, That I some lady trifles have reserv'd, Immoment toys, things of such dignity As we great modern friends withal. Shaksp. I hope I may speak of women without offence to the ladies. Guardian. 4. Mistress, importing power and domi- nion; as, lady of the manor. Of all these bounds, even from this line to this, With shadowy forests, and with champaigns rich'd With plenteous rivers, and wide-skirted meads, We make thee lady. Shaksp. La'dy-bedstraw, la'de-b£d'straw. n. s. [gallium.] A plant of the stellate kind. Miller. La'dy-bird, la'de-bilrd. "J n. s. A small La'dy-cow, la'de-kou. > redinsectva- La'dy-fly, la'de-fli. J ginopennous. Fly lady-bird, north, south, or east or west, Fly where the man is found that I love best. Gay. This lady-fly I take from off the grass, Whose spotted back might scarlet red surpass. Gay. La'dy-day, la-de-da', n. s. [lady and day.] The day on which the annunciation of the Blessed Virgin is celebrated. Lady-like, la'de-like. adj. [lady and like.] Soft; delicate; elegant. Her tender constitution did declare, Too lady-like a long fatigue to bear. Dryden. La'dy-mantle, la'de-man'tl. n. s. [alchi- milla.] A plant. Miller. La'dyship, la'de-ship. n. s. [from lady.] The title of a lady. Madam, he sends your ladyship this ring. Shak. If they be nothing but mere statesmen, Your ladyship shall observe their gravity, And their reservedness, their many cautions, Fitting their persons. Ben Jonson. I the wronged pen to please, Make it my humble thanks express Unto your ladyship in these. Waller. 'Tis Galla; let her ladyship but peep. Dryden. La'dy's-slipper, la'dlz-slip'pfir. n. s. [cal- ceolus.] A plant. Miller. Lady's-smock, la'diz-smok. n. s. [car- damine.] A plant. Miller. When dazies pied, and violets blue, And lady's-smocks all silver white, Do paint the meadows much bedight. Shaksp. See here a boy gathering lilies and lady-smocks, and there a girl cropping culverkeys and cowslips all to make garlands. Walton. LAG, lag. adj. [laenj, Saxon, long; lagg, Swedish, the end.] I. Coming behind; falling short. I could be well content To entertain the lag end of my life With quiet hours. Shaksp. The slowest footed who come lag, supply the show of a rearward. Careiv. I am some twelve or fourteen moonshines Lag of a brother. Shaksp. 2. Sluggish; slow; tardy. It is out of use, but retained in Scotland. He, poor man, by your first order died, And that a winged mercury did bear; Some tardy cripple had the countermand, That came too lag to see him buried. Shaksp. We know your thoughts of us, that laymen are Lag souls, and rubbish of remaining clay, Which Heaven, grown weary of more perfect work, Set upright with a little puff of breath, And bid us pass for men. Dryden ■ 3. Last; long delayed. Pack to their old play-fellows; there I take They may, cum privilegio, wear away The lag end of their lewdness, and be laughed at. Shaksp. Lag, lag. n. s. I. The lowest class; the rump; the fag end. The rest of your foes, 0 gods, the senators of Athens, together with the common lag of people, what is amiss in them, make suitable for destruction. Shaksp. 2. He that comes last, or hangs behind. The last, the lag of all the race. Dryden. What makes my ram the lag of all the flock? Popt. To Lag, lag. v. n. I. To loiter; to move slowly. She pass'd, with fear and fury wild; The nurse went lagging after with the child. Dryden. The remnant of his days he safely past, Nor found they lagg'd too slow, nor flow'd too fast. Prior. 2. To stay behind; not to come in. Behind her far away a dwarf did lag. F~ Queen. I shall not lag behind, nor err The way, thou leading. Milton. The knight himself did after ride, Leading Crowdero by his side, And tow'd him, if he lagg'd behind, Like boat against the tide and wind. Hudibras. If he finds a fairy lag in light, He drives the wretch before, and lashes into night. Dryden. She hourly press'd for something new; Ideas came into her mind So fast, his lessons lagg'd behind. Swift. La'gger, lag'g&r.98 n. s. [from lag.] A loiterer; an idler; one that loiters be- hind. La'ical, la'e-kal. adj. [laique, Fr. laicus, Latin; A«©-.] Belonging to the laity, or people, as distinct from the clergy. In all ages the clerical will flatter as well as the laical. Camden. Laid, lade.303 Preterit participle of lay. Money laid up for the relief of widows and father- less children. 2 Maccabees. A scheme which was writ some years since, and laid by to be ready on a fit occasion. Swift Lain, lane.202 Preterit participle of lie. Mary seeth two angels in white, sitting, the one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain. John. The parcels had lain by, before they were open- ed, between four and five years. Boyle. Lair, lare.202 n. «. [lai, in French, signifies a wild sow, or a forest: the derivation is easy in either sense; or from legery Dutch.] The couch of a boar, or wild beast. LAM LAM LAM Out of the ground uprose, As from his lair, the wild beast, where he wons In forest wild, in thicket, brake, or den. Milton. But range the forest, by the silver side Of some cool stream, where nature shall provide Green grass and fatt'ning clover for your fare, And mossy caverns for your noon-tide lair. Dryden. Laird, lard.302 n. s. [hlapojib, Saxon.] The lord of a manor in the Scotish dia- lect. Shrive but their title, and their moneys poize, A laird and twenty pence pronounc'd with noise, When constru'd but for a plain yeoman go, And a good sober two-pence, and well so. Cleav. Lai'ty, la'e-te. n. s. [x«t®>.] 1. The people as distinguished from the clergy. An humble clergy is a very good one, and an humble laity too, since humility is a virtue that equally adorns every station in life. Swift. 2. The state of a layman. The more usual cause of this deprivation is a mere laity, or want of holy orders. Ayliffe. Lake, lake. n. s. [lac, Fr. lacus., Lat.] 1. A large diffusion of inland water. He adds the running springs and standing lakes, And bounding banks for winding rivers makes. Dryden. 2. A small plash of water. 3. A middle colour, between ultramarine and vermilion, yet it is rather sweet than harsh. It is made of cochineal. Dryden. LAMB, lam.347 n. s. [lamb, Gothick and Saxon.] 1. The young of a sheep. I'm young;but something You may deserve of him through me, and wisdom, To offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb, T' appease an angry god. Shaksp. The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy knowledge would he skip and play? Pope. 2. Typically, the Saviour of the world. Thou Lamb of God that takest away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us. Common Prayer. La'mbative, lam'ba-tiv.107 adj. [from lambo, Lat. to lick.] Taken by licking. In affections both of lungs and weason, physicians make use of syrups, and lambative medicines. Brown. La'mbative, lam'ba-tiv. n. s. A medicine taken by licking with the tongue. I stitch'd up the wound, and let him blood in the arm, advising a lambative, to be taken as necessity should require. Wiseman. La'mbent, lam'be'nt. adj. [lambens, Lat.] Playing about; gliding over without harm. From young lulus head A lambent flame arose, which gently spread Around his brows, and on his temples fed. Dryden. His brows thick fogs, instead of glories, grace, And lambent dulncss played around his face. Dryd. La'mbkin, lam/kin. n. s. [from lamb.] A little lamb. 'Twixt them both they not a lambkin left, And when lambs fail'd, the old sheep's lives they reft. Hubberd. Pan, thou god of shepherds all, Which of our tender lambkins takest keep. Spenser. Clean as young lambkins, or the goose's down, And like the goldfinch in her Sunday gown. Gay. Lambs-wool, lamz'wul. n. s. [lamb and wool.] Ale mixed with the pulp of roasted apples. A cup of lambs-wool they drank to him there. Song oftlie King and the MiUer. Lamdoi'dal, lam-dold'dal. n. «. [A*j*Jee and u$<&>.] Having the form of the let- ter lamda or A. The course of the longitudinal sinus down through the middle of it, makes it advisable to trepan at the lower part of the os parietale, or at least upon the lamdoidal suture. Sharp's Surgery. LAME, lame. adj. [laam, lama, Saxon; lam, Dutch.] 1. Crippled; disabled in the limbs. Who reproves the lame, must go upright. Daniel. A greyhound of a mouse colour, lame of one leg, belongs to a lady. Arbuthnot and Pope. 2. Hobbling; not smooth: alluding to the feet of a verse. Our authors write, Whether in prose, or verse, 'tis all the same; The prose is fustian, and the numbers lame. Dryd. 3. Imperfect; unsatisfactory. Shrubs are formed into sundry shapes, by mould- ing them within, and cutting them without; but they are but lame things, being too small to keep figure. Bacon. Swift, who could neither fly nor hide, Came sneaking to the chariot side; And offer'd many a lame excuse, He never meant the least abuse. Swift. To Lame, lame. v. a. [from the adjec- tive.] To make lame; to cripple. I have never heard of such another encounter, which lames report to follow it, and undoes descrip- tion to do it. Shakspeare. The son and heir Affronted once a cock of noble kind, And cither lam'd his legs, or struck him blind. Dryden. If you happen to let the child fall, and lame it, never confess. Swift. La'mellated, lam'm£l-a-ted. adj. [lamel- la, Lat.] Covered with films or plates. The lamellated antennae of some insects are sur- prisingly beautiful, when viewed through a micro- scope. Derham. La'mely, lame'le. adv. [from lame.] 1. Like a cripple; without natural force or activity. Those muscles become callous, and, having yielded to the extension, the patient makes shift to go upon it, though lamely. Wiseman. 2. Imperfectly; without a full or complete exhibition of all the parts. Look not ev'ry lineament to see, Some will be cast in shades, and some will be So lamely drawn, you scarcely know tis she. Dryd. 3. Weakly; unsteadily; poorly. La'meness, lame'nds. n. s. [from lame.] I. The state of a cripple; loss or inability of limbs. Let blindness, lameness come; are legs and eyes Of equal value to so great>a prize? Dryden. Lameness kept me at home. Digby to Pope. 2. Imperfection; weakness. If the story move, or the actor help the lameness of it with his performance, either of these are suffi- cient to effect a present liking. Dryden. To LAME'NT, la-ment'. v. n. [lamentor, Lat. lamenter, Fr.] To mourn; to wail; to grieve; to express sorrow. The night has been unruly where we lay; And chimneys were blown down: and, as they say, Lamentings heard i' th' air, strange screams of death- Shaksp. Ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall re- Joice- . John. Jeremiah lamented for Josiah, and all the singing men and women spake of Josiah in their lamenta- tions- -' Chronicles. Far less I now lament for one whole world Of wicked sons destroyed, than I rejoice For one man found so perfect and so just, That God vouchsafes to raise another world From him. Milton. To Lame'nt, la-ment'. v. a. To bewail; to mourn; to bemoan; to express sor- row for. As you are weary of this weight, Rest you, while I lament king Henry's corse. Shak. The pair of sages praise, One pity'd, one contemn'd the woful times, One laugh'd at follies, one lamented crimes. Dryd, Lame'nt, la-m^nt'. n. s. [lamentum, Lat- from the verb.] I. Sorrow audibly expressed; lamentation; grief uttered in complaints or cries. We, long ere our approaching, heard within Noise, other than the sound of dance, or song! Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. Milt. The loud laments arise Of one distress'd, and mastiffs mingled cries. Dryd. 2. Expression of sorrow. To add to your laments, Wherewith you now bedew king Henry's hearse, I must inform you of a dismal sight. Shaksp. La'mentable, lam'me'n-ta-bl. adj. [la- mentabilis, Latin; lamentable, French; from lamentT] 1. To be lamented; causing sorrow. The lamentable change is from the best; The worst returns to laughter. Shaksp. 2. Mournful; sorrowful; expressing sorrow. A lamentable tune is the sweetest musick to a wo- ful mind. Sidney. The victors to their vessels bear the prize, And hear behind loud groans, and lamentable cries. Dryden. 3. Miserable, in a ludicrous or low sense; pitiful; despicable. This bishop, to make out the disparity between the heathens and them, flies to this lamentable re- fuge. Stillingfieet. La'mentably, lam'men-ta-ble. adv. [from lamentable.] 1. With expressions or tokens ot sorrow; mournfully. The matter in itself lamentable, lamentably ex- pressed by the old prince, greatly moved the two princes to compassion. Sidney. 2. So as to cause sorrow. Our fortune on the sea is out of breath, And sinks most lamentably. Shaksp. 3. Pitifully; despicably. Lamenta'tion, lam-m£n-ta'shun.627 «° n. s. [lamentatio, Latin.] Expression of sorrow; audible grief. Be 't lawful that I invocate thy ghost, To hear the lamentations of poor Anne. Shaksp. His sons buried him, and all Israel made great lamentation for him. l Maccabees. Lame'nter, la-m£nt'i\r.98 n. s. [from la- ment.] He who mourns or laments. Such a complaint good company must pity, whe- ther they think the lamenter ill or not. Spectator. La'mentine, lanrrWn-tine.149 n. s. A fish called a seacow or manatee, which is near twenty feet long, the head resem- bling that of a cow, and two short feet, with which it creeps on the shallows and rocks to get food; but has no fins: the flesh is commonly eaten. Bailey. LA'MI.YA, lam'me-na. n. s. [Lat.] Thin plate; one coat laid over another. La'minated, lam'me-na-ted. adj. [from lamina.] Plated: used of such bodies whose contexture discovers, such a di«^ LAM LAN LAN position as that of plates lying over one another. From the apposition of different coloured gravel arises, for the most part, the laminated appearance of a stone. Sharp. To Lamm, lam. v. a. To beat soundly with a cudgel. Diet. La'm mas, lam'mas.88??. a. [This word is said by Bailey, I know not on what authori- ty, to be derived from a custom, by which the tenants of the archbishop of York were obliged at the time of mass, on the first of August, to bring a lamb to the altar. In Scotland they are said to wean lambs on this day. It may else be corrupted from lattermath.] The first of August. In 1578 was that famous lammas day, which bu- ried the reputation of Don John of Austria. Bacon. Lamp, lamp. n. s. [lamfie, French; lampas, Latin.] 1. A light made with oil and a wick. O thievish night, Why should'st thou, but for some felonious end, In thy dark lanthorn thus close up the stars That nature hung in heaven, and fill'd their lamps With everlasting oil, to give due light To the misled and lonely traveller? Milton. In lamp furnaces) use spirit of wine instead of oil, and the same flame has melted foliated gold. Boyle. 2. Any kind of light, in poetical language, real or metaphorical. Thy gentle eyes send forth a quick'ning spirit, And feed the dying lamp of life within me. Rowe. Cynthia, fair regent of the night, 0 may thy silver lamp from heav'n's high bow'r, Direct my footsteps in the midnight hour. Gay. La'mpass, lam'pas. n. 8. [lamfias, Fr.] A lump of flesh, about the bigness of a nut, in the roof of a horse's mouth, which rises above the teeth. Farrier's Diet. His horse possest with the glanders, troubled with the lampass, infected with the fashions. Shaksp. La'mpblack, lamp'blak. n. s. [lamp, and black.] It is made by holding a torch under the bottom of a basin, and as it is furred striking it with a feather into some shell, and grinding it with gum water. Peacham on Dranving. La'mfixg, lamp'ing. adj. [xxf^r{\a.m7] Shining; sparkling. Not used. Happy lines, on which with starry light Those lamping eyes will deign sometimes to look. Spenser. LAMPO'ON, ldm-podn'. n. a. [Bailey derives it from lamfions, a drunken song. It imports, let ua drink, from the old French lamfier, and was repeat- ed at the end of each couplet at car- ousals. Trev.] A personal satire; abuse; censure written not to reform but to vex. They say my talent is satire; if so, it is a fruitful age: they have sown the dragon's teeth themselves, and it is but just they should reap each other in lampoons. Dryden. Make satire a lampoon. Pope. To Lampo'on, lam-p66n'. v. a. [from the noun.] To abuse with personal satire. Lampo'oner, lam-poon'ur.98 n. a. [from lamfioon.] A scribbler of personal sa- tire. We are naturally displeased with an unknown critick, as the ladies are with a lampooner, because we are bitten in the dark. Dryden. The squibs are those who are called libellers, lampooners, and pamphleteers. Tatler. La'mprey, lam'pre. n. a. [lamproye, Fr. lampreye, Dutch.] Many fish much like the eel frequent both the sea and fresh rivers; as, the lamprel, lamprey, and lamperne. Walton. La'mpron, lam'prtin.160 n. s. A kind of sea fish. These rocks are frequented by lamprons, and greater fishes, that devour the bodies of the drown- ed. Broome. LANCE, lanse.78 79 n^ s. [lance, French; lancea, Latin.] A long spear, which, in the heroick ages, seems to have been generally thrown from the hand, as by the Indians at this day. In later times the combatants thrust them against each other on horseback. Spear; ja- velin. He carried his lances, which were strong, to give a lancely blow. Sidney. Plate sin with gold, And the strong lance of justice hurtless breaks: Arm it in rags, a pigmy's straw doth pierce it. Shaksp. They shall hold the bow and the lance. Jer. Hector beholds his jav'lin fall in vain, Nor other lance, or other hope remain; He calls Deiphobus, demands a spear In vain, for no Deiphobus was there. Pope- To Lance, lanse. v. a. [from the noun.] I. To pierce; to cut. With his prepared sword he charges home My unprovided body, lanc'd my arm. Shaksp. In their cruel worship they lance themselves with knives. Glanville, Th' infernal minister advane'd, Seiz'd the due victim, and with fury lanc'd Her back, and piercing through her inmost heart, Drew backward. Dryden. 2. To open chirurgically; to cut in order to a cure. We do lance Diseases in our bodies. Shaksp. Fell sorrow's tooth doth never rankle more Than when it bites, but lanceth not the sore. Shak. That differs as far from our usual severities, as the lancings of a physician do from the wounds of an adversary. Decay of Piety. Lance the sore, And cut the head; for till the core is found The secret vice is fed. Dryden. The shepherd stands, And when the lancing knife requires his hands, Vain help, with idle pray'rs, from heav'n demands. Dryden. La'ncely, lanse'le. adj. [from lance.] Suitable to a lance. Not in use. He carried wis lances, which were strong, to give a lancely blow. Sidney. Lancepe'sade, lanse-pe'sade. n. s. [lance spezzate, Fr.] The officer under the corporal: not now in use among us. To th' Indies of her arms he flies, Frauzht both with east and western prize, Which, when he had in vain assay'd, Arm'd like a dapper lancepesade With Spanish pike, he broach'da pore. Cleaveland. La'ncet, lan'sit." n. s. [lancette, French.] A small pointed chirurgical instrument. I gave vent to it by an apertion with a lancet, and discharged white matter. Wiseman. A vein, in an apparent blue, runneth along the body, and if dexterously pricked with a lancet, emitteth a red drop. Brown. Hippocrates saith, blood-letting should be done with broad lancets or swords, in order to male a lai-o-e orifice: the manner of opening a vein then was by stabbing or pertusion, as in horses. Arbuthnot. To Lanch, lansh. v. a. [lancer, Fr. This word is too often written launch: it is only a vocal corruption of lance.] To dart; to cast as a lance; to throw; to let fly. See whose arm can lanch the surer bolt, And who's the better Jove. D)~yden and Lee. Me, only me, the hand of fortune bore, Unblest to tread that interdicted shore; When Jove tremendous in the sable deeps, Lanch'd his red lightning at our scatter'd ships. Pope. Lancina'tion, lan-se-na'shun. n. s. [from lancino, Lat.] Tearing; laceration. To La'ncinate, lan'se-nate.91 v. a. [lan- cino, Latin.] To tear; to rend; to lacer- ate. LAND, land. n. s. [lanb, Gothick, Sax. and so all the Teutonick dialects.] 1. A country; a region distinct from other countries. The nations of Scythia, like a mountain flood, did overflow all Spain, and quite washed away whatso- ever reliques there were left of the land-bred people. Spenser. Thy ambition, Thou scarlet sin, robb'd this bewailing land Of noble Buckingham. Shaksp. What had he done to make him fly the land? Shak. The chief men of the land had great authority: though the government was monarchical, it was not despotick. Broome. Earth, distinct from water. By land they found that huge and mighty coun- try. Abbot. Yet if thou go'st by land, tho' grief possess My soul ev'n then, my fears would be the less: But, ah! be warn'd to shun the wat'ry way. Dryd. They turn their heads to sea, their sterns to land, And greet with greedy joy th' Italian strand. Dryd. , It is often used in composition, as op- posed to sea. The princes delighting their conceits with con- firming their knowledge, seeing wherein the sea- discipline differed from the land-service, they had pleasing entertainment. Sidney. He to-night hath boarded a land-carrack; If it prove lawful prize, he 's made for ever. Shak. With eleven thousand land-soldiers, and twenty- six ships of war, we within two months have won one town. Bacon. Necessity makes men ingenious and hardy; and if they have but land-room or sea-room, they find supplies for their hunger. Hale. I writ not always in the proper terms of naviga- tion, or land-service. Dryden. The French are to pay the same duties at the diy ports through which they pass by land-carriage, as we pay upon importation or exportation by sea. Addison. The Phoenicians carried on a land-trade to Syria and Mesopotamia, and stopt not short without push- ing their trade to the Indies. Arbuthnot. The species brought by land-carriage were much better than those which came to Egypt by sea. Arbuthnot. . Ground; surface of the place. Unusual. Beneath his steely casque he felt the blow, And roll'd with limbs relax'd, along the land. Pope. . An estate real and immoveable. To forfeit all your goods, lands, and tenements, Castles, and goods whatsoever, and to be Out of the king's protection. Shaksp. He kept himself within the bounds of loyalty, and enjoyed certain lands and towns in the borders of Polonia. Knolles. LAN LAIN LAN This man is freed from servile hands, Of hope to rise, or fear to fall: Lord of himself, though not of lands, And having nothing, yet hath all. Wotton. 6. Nation; people; the inhabitants of the land. These answers in the silent night receiv'd, The king himself divulg'd, the land believ'd. Dryd. 7. Urine, [hlonb, Saxon.] As Probably land-damn was a coarse expression in the cant strain, formerly in common use, but since laid aside and forgotten, which meant the taking away a man's life. For land or lant is an old word for urine, and to stop the common passages and functions of nature is to kill. Hanmer. You are abused, and by some putter on, That will be damn'd for 't; would I knew the vil- lain; I would land-damn him. Shaksp. To Land, land. v. a. [from the noun.] To set on shore. The legions, now in Gallia, sooner landed In Britain. Shaksp. He who rules the raging wind, To thee, O sacred ship, be kind, Thy committed pledge restore, And land him safely on the shore. Dryden. Another Typhis shall new seas explore, Another Argo land the chiefs upon th' Iberian shore Dryden. To Land, land. v. n. To come to shore. Let him land, And solemnly see him set on to London. Shaksp. Land ye not, none of you, and provide to be gone from this coast, within sixteen days. Bacon. I land, with luckless omens: then adore Their gods. Dryden. La'nded, lan'd£d. adj. [from land.] Hav- ing a fortune, not in money but in land; having a real estate. A landless knight makes thee a landed squire. Shaksp. Men, whose living lieth together in one shire, are commonly counted greater landed than those whose livings are dispersed. Bacon. Cromwell's officers, who were for levelling lands while they had none, when they grew landed fell to crying up magna charta. Temple. A house of commons must consist, for the most part, of landed men. Addison. La'ndfall, land'fall.406 n. s. [land and fall.] A sudden translation of property in land by the death of a rich man. La'ndflood, land'flud. n. s. [land and food.] Inundation. Apprehensions of the affections of Kent, and all other places, looked like a landfiood, that might roll they knew not how far. Clarendon. La'nd-forces, land'for-sez. n. &. [land and force.] Warlike powers not naval; soldiers that serve on land. We behold in France the greatest land-forces that have ever been known under any christian prince. Temple. La'ndholder, land'hol-dur. n. s. [land and holder.] One who holds lands. Money, as necessary to trade, may be considered as in the hands that pays the labourer and land- holder; and if this man want money, the manufac- ture is not made, and so the trade is lost. Locke. La'ndjobber, land'job-ur. n. s. [land and job.] One who buys and sells lands for other men. If your master be a minister of state, let him be at borne to none but land-jobbers, or inventors of new funds. Swift. La'ndgrave, land'grave. n. a. [land and grave, a count, German.] A German title of dominion. Landing, land'ing.410 La'nding-place, land'ing-plase land.] The top of stairs. Let the stairs to the upper rooms be upon a fair, open newel, and a fair landing-place at the top. Bacon. The landing-place is the uppermost step of a pair of stairs, viz. the floor of the room you ascend upon. Moxon. There is a stair-case that strangers are generally carried to see, where the easiness of the ascent, the disposition of the lights, and the convenient landing, are admirably well contrived. Addison. What the Romans called vestibulum was no part of the house, but the court and landing-place be- tween it and the street. Arbuthnot. La'ndlady, lan'la-de. n. a. [land and lady.] A woman who has tenants holding from her. 2. The mistress of an inn. If a soldier drinks his pint, and offers payment in Wood's half-pence, the landlady may be under some difficulty. Swift. La'ndless, ldnd'le's. adj. [from land.] Without property; without fortune. Young Fortinbras Hath in the skirts of Norway, here and there Shark'd up a list of landless resolutes. Shaksp. A landless knight hath made a landed squire. Shaksp. La'ndlocked, land'lokt.359 adj. [land and lock.] Shut in, or enclosed with land. There are few natural parts better landlocked, and closed on all sides, than this seems to have been. Addison. La'ndloper, land'lo-pvir.98 n. s. [land and lopen, Dutch.] A landman; a term of reproach used by seamen of those who pass their lives on shore. La'ndlord, land'lord.88 n. a. [land and lord.] 1. One who owns lands or houses, and has tenants under him. This regard shall be had, that in no place, under any landlord, there shall be many of them placed together, but dispersed. Spenser. It is a generous pleasure in a landlord, to love to see all his tenants look fat, sleek, and contented. Clarissa. 2. The master of an inn. Upon our arrival at the inn, my companion fetch- ed out the jolly landlord, who knew him by his whistle. Addison. La'ndmark, land'mark. n. a. [land and mark.] Any thing set up to preserve the boundaries of land. P th' midst, an altar, as the land-mark stood, Rustick, of grassy sod. Milton. The land-marks by which places in the church had been known, were removed. Clarendon. Then land-marks limited to each is right; For all before was common as the light. Dryden. Though they are not self-evident principles, yet if they have been made out from them by a wary and unquestionable deduction, they may serve as land-marks, to shew what lies in the direct way of truth, or is quite besides it. Locke. La'ndscape, land'skape. n. a. [landachahe. Dutch.] . A region; the prospect of a country. Lovely seem'd, That landscape! and of pure, now purer air, Meets his approach. Milton. The sun scarce up risen, Shot parallel to th' earth his dewy ray, Discovering in wide landscape all the east Of paradise, and Eden's happy plains. Milton. Straight mine eye hath caught new pleasures, Whilst the landscape round it measures, Russet lawns and fallows grey, Where the nibbling flocks do stray. Milton. We are like men entertained with the view of a spacious landscape, where the eye passes over one pleasing prospect into another. Addison. 2. A picture, representing an extent of space, with the various objects in it. As good a poet as you are, you cannot make finer landscapes than those about the king's house, .hid. Oft in her glass the musing shepherd spies The wat'ry landscape of the pendant woods, And absent trees, that tremble in the floods. Pope. Land-tax, land'taks. n. a. [land and tax.] Tax laid upon land and houses. If mortgages were registered, land-taxes might reach the lender to pay his proportion. . Locke. Land-waiteh, land'wa-tur. n. s. [land and •waiter.] An officer of the customs, who is to watch what goods are landed. Give a guinea to a knavish land-waiter, and he shall connive at the merchant for cheating the queen of an hundred. Swift. La'ndwabd, land'ward.88 adv. [from land.] Toward the land. They are invincible by reason of the overpouring mountains that back the one, and slender fortifica- tion of the other to landicard. Saiidys. Lane, lane.36 n. s. [laen, Dutch; lana, Saxon.] 1. A narrow way between hedges. All flying Through a straight lane, the enemy full-hearted Struck down some mortally. Shakspeare. I know each lane, and every alley green, Dingle or bushy dell, of this wild wood, And every bosky burn. Milton. Through a close lane as I pursu'd my journey. Otway. A pack-horse is driven constantly in a narrow lane and dirty road. Locke. 2. A narrow street; an alley. There is no street, not many lanes, where there does not live one that has relation to the church. Sprat's Sermons. 3. A passage between men standing on each side. The earl's servants stood ranged on both sides, and made the king a lane. Bacon. La'neket, lan'n£r-6t. n. a. A little hawk. La'nguage, lang'gwidje.331 90 n. s. [Ian- gage, French; lingua, Latin.] 1. Human speech. We may define language, if we consider it more materially, to be letters, forming and producing words and sentences; but if we consider it accord- ing to the design thereof, then language is apt signs for communication of thoughts. Holder. 2. The tongue of one nation as distinct from others. O! good my Lord, no Latin; I am not such a truant since my coming, As not to know the language I have liv'd in. Shakspeare. He not from Rome alone, but Greece, Like Jason, brought the golden fleece; To him that language, though to none Of th' others, as his own was known. Denhum. 3. Style; manner of expression. Though his language should not be refin'd, It must not be obscure and impudent. Roscommon. Others for language all their care express, And value books, as women, men, for dress: Their praise is still—the style is excellent; The sense, they humbly take upon content. Pope. -a'xguaged, lang'gwldj'd.i89 adj. [from the noun.] Having various languages. He wand'ring long a wider circle made, And many languag'd nations has survey'd. Pipe. La'ngvage-masteb, lang'gwidje-mast LAN LAN LAN *r. n. a. [language and master.] One whose profession is to teach languages. The third is a sort of language-master, who is to instruct them in the style proper for a minister. Spectator. La'nguet, lang'gwet. n. a. [languette, French.] Any thing cut in the form of a tongue. LA'NGUID, lang'gwid.340 adj. [langui- dua, Latin.] 1. Faint; weak; feeble. Whatever renders the motion of the blood lan- guid, disposeth to an acid acrimony; what accele- rates the motion of the blood, disposeth to an alka- line acrimony. Arbuthnot. No space can be assigned so vast, but still a lar- ger may be imagined; no motion so swift or languid, but a greater velocity or slowness may still be con- ceived. Bentley. 2. Dull; heartless. I'll hasten to my troops, And fire their languid souls with Cato's virtue. Addison. La'nguidly, lang'gwid-le. adv. [from languid.] Weakly; feebly. The menstruum work'd as languidly upon the coral as it did before. Boyle. La'nguidness, lang'gwld-ne's. n a. [from languid.] Weakness; feebleness; want of strength. To La'nguish, lang'gwlsh.340 v. n. [lan- guir, French; langueo, Latin.] 1. To grow feeble; to pine away; to lose strength. Let her languish A drop of blood a-day; and, being aged, Die of this folly. Shakspeare. We and our fathers do languish of such diseases. 2 Esdras. What can we expect, but that her languishings should end in death? Decay of Piety. His sorrows bore him off; and softly laid His languish'd limbs upon his homely bed. Dryden. 2. To be no longer vigorous in motion; not to be vivid in appearance. The troops with hate inspir'd, Their darts with clamour at a distance drive, And only keep the languish'd war alive. Dryden. 3. To sink or pine under sorrow, or any slow passion. What man who knows What woman is, yea, what she cannot chuse But must be, will his free hours languish out For assur'd bondage? Shakspeare. The land shall mourn, and every one that dwell- eth therein, shall languish. Hosea. I have been talking with a suitor here, A man that languishes in your displeasure. Shaksp. I was about fifteen when I took the liberty to chuse for myself, and have ever since languished under the displeasure of an inexorable father. Spectator. Let Leonora consider, that, at the very time in which she languishes for the loss of her deceased lover, there are persons just perishing in a ship- wreck. Spectator. 4. To look with softness or tenderness. What poems think you soft, and to be read With languishing regards, and bending head? Dryden. La'nguish, lang'gwish. n. a. [from the verb.] Soft appearance. And the blue languish of soft Allia's eye. Pope. Then forth he walks, Beneath the trembling languish of her beam, With soften'd soul. Thomson. La'nguishingly, lang'gwish-ing-le. adv. [from languishing.] 1. Weakly; feebly; with feeble softness. Leave such to tune their own dull rhimes, and know What's roundly smooth, or languishingly slow. Pope. 2. Dully; tediously. Alas! my Dorus, thou seest how long and lan- guishingly the weeks have past over since our last talking. Sidney. La'nguishment, lang'gwish-m£nt. n. s. [languissamment, French; from lan- guish.] 1. State of pining. By that count which lovers books invent, The sphere of Cupid forty years contains; Which I have wasted in long languishment, That seem'd the longer for my greater pains. Spenser. 2. Softness of mien. Humility it expresses, by the stooping or bending of the head; languishment, when we hang it on one side. Dryden. La'nguor, lang'gwur.166 344 n. s. [languor, Latin; langueur, French.] I. Faintness; wearisomeness. Well hoped I, and fair beginnings had, That he my captive languor should redeem. Spens. For these, these tribunes, in the dust I write My heart's deep languor, and my soul's sad tears. Shakspeare. 2. Listlesness; inattention. Academical disputation gives vigour and brisk- ness to the mind thus exercised, and relieves the languor of private study and meditation. Walls. 3. Softness; laxity. To isles of fragrance, lily-silver'd vales Diffusing languor in the parting gales. Dunciad. 4. [In physick.] Languor and lassitude signifies a faintness, which may arise from want or decay of spirits, through indigestion, or too much exercise; or from an addi- tional weight of fluids, from a diminution of secre- tion by the common discharges. Qjuincy. La'nguorous, Iang'gwu.r-As. adj. [lan- guoreux, Fr.] Tedious; melancholy. Not in use. Dear lady, how shall I declare thy case, Whom late I left in languorous constraint? Spens. To La'niate, la'ne-ate.91 v. a. [lanio, Latin.] To tear in pieces; to lacerate. La'nifice, lan'e-fis.142 n. s. [lanifcium, Lat.] Woollen manufacture. The moth breedeth upon cloth and other lanifices, especially if they be laid up dankish and wet. Bacon. La'nigerous, la-nld'jer-us. adj. [laniger, Latin.] Bearing wool. LANK, langk. adj. [lancke, Dutch.] I. Loose; not filled up; not stiffened out; not fat; not plump; slender. The commons hast thou rack'd; the clergy's bags Are lank and lean with thy extortions. Shakspeare. Name not Winterface, whose skin's slack, Lank, as an unthrift's purse. Donne. We let down into the receiver a great bladder well tied at the neck, but very lank, as not con- taining above a pint of air, but capable of contain- ing ten times as much. Boyle. Moist earth produces corn and grass, but both Too rank and too luxuriant in their growth. Let not my land so large a promise boast, Lest the lank ears in length of stem be lost. Dryd. Now, now my bearded harvest gilds the plain. Thus dreams the wretch, and vainly thus dreams on, Till his lank purse declares his money gone. Dryd. Meagre and lank with fasting grown, And nothing left but skin and bone; They just keep life and soul together. Swift. 2. Milton seems to use this word for faint; languid. He, piteous of her woes, rear'd her lank head, And gave her to his daughters to imbathe In nectar'd lavers strew'd with asphodil. Milton. La'nkness, langk'n£s. «. s. [from lank.] Want of plumpness. La'nner, lan'nvir.98 n. s. [lanier, French; lannarius, Latin.] A species of hawk. La'nsquenet, lan'sk£n-n£t. n. s. [lance and knecht, Dutch.] I. A common foot soldier. 2. A game at cards. La'ntern, lan'mra.98 41s n. s. [lanterne, French; laterna, Latin: it is by mistake often written lanthorn.] 1. A transparent case for a candle. God shall be my hope, My stay, my guide, my lanthorn to my feet. Shak. Thou art our admiral; thou bearest the lanthorn in the poop, but 'tis in the nose of thee; thou art the knight of the burning lamp. Shakspeare. A candle lasteth longer in a lanthm-n than at large. Bacon. Amongst the excellent acts of that king, one hath the pre-eminence, the erection and institution of a society, which we call Solomon's house; the noblest foundation that ever was, and the lanthorn of this kingdom. Bacon. 0 thievish night, Why should'st thou, but for some felonious end, In thy dark lanthorn thus close up the stars That nature hung in heaven, and fill'd their lamps With everlasting oil? Milton. Vice is like a dark lanthorn, which turns its bright side only to him that bears it, but looks black and dismal in another's hand. Gov. of the Tongue, Judge what a ridiculous thing it were, that the continued shadow of the earth should be broken by sudden miraculous eruptions of light, to prevent the art of the lantern-maker. More. Our ideas succeed one another in our minds, not much unlike the images in the inside of a lanthorn, turned round by the beat of a candle. Locke. 2. A lighthouse; a light hung out to guide ships. Caprea, where the lanthorn fix'd on high Shines like a moon through the benighted sky, While by its beams the wary sailor steers. Addis. La'ntern jaws, lan'turn-jawz. A term used of a thin visage, such as if a can- dle were burning in the mouth might transmit the light. Being very lucky in a pair of long lanthorn-jaws, he wrung his face into a hideous grimace. Sped. Lanu'ginous, la-nu/jin-tis.314 adj. [lanu- ginosa, Latin.] Downy; covered with soft hair. Lap, lap. n. s. [laeppe, Saxon; laflfie, German.] 1. The loose part of a garment, which may be doubled at pleasure. » If a joint of meat falls on the ground, take it up gently, wipe it with the lap of your coat, and then put it into the dish. Sioift. 2. The part of the clothes that is spread horizontally over the knees as one sits down, so as any thing may lie in it. It feeds each living plant with liquid sap, And fills with flow'rs fair Flora's painted lap. Spenser, Upon a day, as Love lay sweetly slumb'ring All in his mother's lap, A gentle bee, with his loud trumpet murm'ring, About him flew by hap. Spenser. I'll make my haven in a lady's lap, And 'witch sweet ladies with my words and looks, Shakspeare. LAP LAP LAP She bids you All on the wanton rushes lay you down, And rest your gentle head upon her lap, And she will sing the song that pleaseth you. Shakspeare. Our stirring Can from the lap of Egypt's widow pluck The nc'er-lust-wearied Antony. Shakspeare. Heaven's almighty sire Melts on the bosom of his love, and pours Himself into her lap in fruitful show'rs. Crashaw. Men expect that religion should cost them no pains, and that happiness should drop into their laps. Tillotson. He struggles into breath, and cries for aid; Then, helpless, in his mother's lap is laid. He creeps, he walks, and issuing into man, Grudges their life from whence his own began: Retchless of laws, affects to rule alone, Anxious to reign, and restless on the throne. Dryd. To Lap, lap. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To wrap or twist round any thing. He hath a long tail, which, as he descends from a tree, he laps round about the boughs, to keep him- self from falling. Grew. About the paper, whose two halves were painted with red and blue, and which was stiff like thin pasteboard, I lapped several times a slender thread of very black silk. Newton. 2. To involve in any thing. As through the flow'ring forest rash she fled, In her rude hairs sweet flowers themselves did lap, And flourishing fresh leaves and blossoms did en- wrap. Spenser. The thane of Cawder 'gan a dismal conflict, Till that Bellona's bridegroom, lapt in proof, Confronted him. Shakspeare. When we both lay in the field, Frozen almost to death, how did he lap me, Ev'n in his garments, and did give himself. All thin and naked, to the numb cold night. Shak. Ever against eating cares, Lap me in soft Lydian airs. Milton. Indulgent fortune does her care employ, And smiling, broods upon the naked boy; Her garment spreads; and laps bim in the folds, And covers with her wings from nightly colds. Dryden. Here was the repository of all the wise conten- tions for power between the nobles and commons, lapt up safely in the bosom of a Nero and a Cali- gula. Sioift. To Lap, lap. v. h. To be spread or turn- ed over any thing. The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends, where they lap over, transparent, like the wing of a fly. • Grew. To Lap, lap. v. n. [lappian, Sax. lafipen, Dutch.] To feed by quick reciproca- tions of the tongue. The dogs by the river Nilus' side being thirsty, lap hastily as they run along the shore. Digby. They had soups served up in broad dishes, and so the fox fell to lapping himself, and bade his guest heartily welcome. L'Estrangc. The tongue serves not only for tasting, but for mastication and deglutition, in man, by licking: in the dog and cat kind by lapping. Ray. To Lap, lap. v. a. To lick up. For all the rest They'll take suggestion, as a cat laps milk. Shaksp. Upon a bull Two horrid lyons rampt, and seiz'd, and tugg'd off, bellowing still, Both men and dogs came; yet they tore the hide, and lapt their fill. Chapman. Lv'pdog, lap'dog. n. a. [lap and dog.] A little dog, fondled by ladies in the lap. One of them made his court to the lap-dog, to improve his interest with the lady. Collier. These, if the laws did that exchange afford, Would save their lap-dog sooner than their lord. Dryden. VOL. II. Lap-dogs give themselves the rowsing shake, And sleepless lovers just at twelve awake. Pope. La'pful, lap'ful406 n. a. [lap and full.] As much as can be contained in the lap. One found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds his lapful, and shred them into the pot of pottage. - Kings. Will four per cent, increase the number of lenders? if it will not, then all the plenty of money these conjurers bestow upon us, is but like the gold and silver which old women believe other conjurers be- stow by whole lapfuls on poor credulous girls. Locke. La'picide, lap'e-side. n. a. [lapicida, Lat.] A stone-cutter. Diet. La'pidari, lap'e-dar-e. n. a. [lafiidaire, French.] One who deals in stones or gems. As a cock was turning up a dunghill, he espied a diamond: Well (says he) this sparkling foollery now to a lapidary would have been the making of him; but, as to any use of mine, a barley-corn had been worth forty on't. L'Estrange. Of all the many sorts of the gem kind reckoned up by the lapidaries, there are not above three or four that are original. Woodward. To La'pidate, lap'e-date. v. a. [lafiido, Latin.] To stone; to kill by stoning. Diet. Lapida'tion, ldp-e-da'shun. n. a. [lapt- datio, Latin; lafaidation, French.] A stoning. Lapi'deous, la-pid'e-ds. adj. [lapideus, Latin.] Stony; of the nature of stone. There might fall down into the lapideous matter, before it was concreted into a stone, some small toad, which might remain there imprisoned, till the matter about it were condensed. Ray. Lapide'scence, lap-e-deVsense.610 n. a. [lapidesco, Lat.] Stony concretion. Of lapis ceratites, or cornu fossile, in subterra- neous cavities, there are many to be found in Ger- many, which are but the lapidescencies, and putre- factive mutations, of hard bodies. Brown. Lapide'scent, lap-e-des's£nt. adj. [lapi- deacens, Latin.] Growing or turning to stone. Lapidifica'tion, lap-e-de-fe-ka'shvin. n. s. [lapidif cation, French.] The act of forming stones. Induration or lapidifkation of substances more soft is another degree of condensation. Bacon. Lapidi'fick, lap-e-dif'fik.609 adj. [lapi- dif que, French.] Forming stones. The atoms of the lapidifick, as well as saline principle, being regular, do concur in producing re- gular stones. Grew. La'pidist, lap'e-dist. n. s. [from lapides, Lat.] A dealer in stones or gems. Hardness, wherein some stones exceed all other bodies, being exalted to that degree, that art in vain endeavours to counterfeit it, the factitious stones of chemists in imitation being easily detect- ed by an ordinary lapidist. Ray. LA'PIS, la'pis. n. s. [Latin.] A stone. La'pis Lazuli, la-pis-lazh'u-h. The lapis lazuli, or azure stone, is a copper ore, very compact and hard, so as to take a high polish, and is worked into a great variety of toys. It is found in detached lumps, of an elegant blue colour, variegated with clouds of white, and veins of a shin- ing gold colour: to it the painters are indebted for their beautiful ultra-marine colour, which is only a calcination of lapis lazuli. Hill. La'pper, lap'pir.08 n. s. [from lap.] 1. One who wraps up. They may be tappers of linen, and bailiffs of the manor. Swift. C 2. One who laps or licks. La'ppet, lap'pit." n. a. [diminutive of lap.] The part of a headdress that hangs loose. How naturally do you apply your hands to each other's lappets, and raffles, aud mantuas. Swift- LAPSE, lapse, n. s. [lapsus, Lat.] 1. Flow; fall; glide; smooth course. Round I saw Hill, dale, and shady woods, and sunny plains, And liquid lapse of murmuring streams. Milton. Notions of the mind are preserved in the memo ry, notwithstanding lapse of time. Hale. 2. Petty errour; small mistake; slight of- fence; little fault. These are petty errours and minor lapses, not considerably injurious unto truth. Brown. The weakness of human understanding all will confess; yet the confidence of most practically dis- owns it; and it is easier to persuade them of it from other's lapses than their own. Glanville. This scripture may be usefully applied as a cau tion to guard against those lapses and failings, to which our infirmities daily expose us. Rogers. It hath been my constant business to examine whether I could find the smallest lapse in style or propriety through my whole collection, that I might send it abroad as the most finished piece. Swift. 3. Translation of right from one to another. In a presentation to a vacant church, a layman ought to present within four months, and a clergy- man within six, otherwise a devolution, or lapse of right happens. Ayliffe* To Lapse, lapse, v. n. [from the noun.] 1. To glide slowly; to fall by degrees. This disposition to shorten our words, by re- trenching the vowels, is nothing else but a tendency to lapse into the barbarity of those northern nations from whom we are descended, and whose languages all labour under the same defect. Swift. 2. To fail in any thing; to slip; to commit a fault. I have ever verified my friends, Of whom he's chief, with all the size that verity Would without lapsing suffer. Shakspeare* To lapse in fulness Is sorer than to lie for need; and falsehood Is worse in kings than beggars. Shakspeare. 3. To slip, as by inadvertency or mistake. Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and Ther- sites, has lapsed into the burlesque character, and departed from that serious air essential to an epick poem. Addison. Let there be no wilful perversion of another's meaning; no sudden seizure of a lapsed syllable to play upon it. Watts. 4. To lose the proper time. Myself stood out: For which if I be lapsed in this place, I shall pay dear. Shakspeare. As an appeal may be deserted by the appellant's lapsing the term of law, so it may also be deserted by a lapse of the term of a judge. Aylijfc's Parerg. 5. To fall by the negligence of one pro- prietor to another. If the archbishop shall not fill it up within six months ensuing, it lapses to the king. Ayiiffe. 6. To fall from perfection, truth, or faith. Once more I will renew His lapsed pow'rs, though forfeit, and inthrall'd By sin to foul exorbitant desires. Milton. A sprout of that fig-tree which was to hide the nakedness of lapsed Adam. Decay of Piety. All public forms suppose it the most principal universal, and daily requisite to the lapsing state of human corruption. Decay of Piety. These were looked on as lapsed persons, and great severities of penance were prescribed them, as ap- pears by the canons of Ancyra. Stilling fleet. LA'pwiNG,lap'wlng. n. 9. [lap and wing.] LAR LAR LAR A clamorous bird with long wings. Ah! but I think him better than I say, And yet would herein others eyes were worse: Far from her nest the lapwing cries away, My heart prays for him, though my tongue do curse. J " Shakspeare. And how in fields the lapwing Tereus reigns, The warbling nightingale in woods complains. Dryden. La'pwork, lap'work. n. s. [lap and work.] Work in which one part is interchangea- bly wrapped over the other. A basket made of porcupine quills: the ground is a pack-thread caul woven, into which, by the Indian women, are wrought, by a kind of lapwork, the quills of porcupines, not split, but of the young ones intire; mixed with white and black in even and in- dented waves. Gretc's Musmum. La'rboard, lar'bord. n. s. The left-hand side of a ship, when you stand with your face to the head: opposed to the star- board. Harris. Or when Ulysses on the larboard shunn'd Charvbdis, and by the other whirlpool steer'd. J ' J Milton. Tack'd to the larboard, and stand off to sea, Veer starboard sea and land. Dryden. La'roeny, lar'se-ne. n. s. [larcin, Fr. la- trocinium, Lat.] Petty theft. Those laws would be very unjust, that should chastise murder and petty larceny with the same punishment. Spectator. Larch, lartsh.363 n. s. [larix, Lat.] A tree. Some botanical criticks tell us, the poets have not rightly followed the traditions of antiquity, in meta- morphosing the sisters of Phaeton into poplars, who ought to have been turned into larch trees; for that it is this kind of tree which sheds a gum, and is commonly found on the banks of the Po. Addison. LARD, lard.81 n. a. [lardum, Lat. lard, French.] 1. The grease of swine. So may thy pastures with their flow'ry feasts, As suddenly as lard, fat thy lean beasts. Donne. 2. Bacon; the flesh of swine. By this the boiling kettle had prepar'd, And to the table sent the smoaking lard; On which with eager appetite they dine, A sav'ry bit, that serv'd to relish wine. Dryden. The sacrifice they sped: Chopp'd off their nervous thighs, and next prepar'd T' involve the lean in cauls, and mend with lard. Dryden. To Lard, lard. v. a. [larder, Fr. from the noun ] 1. To stuff with bacon. The larded thighs on loaded altars laid. Dryden. No man lards salt pork with orange peel, Or garnishes his lamb with spitch-cockt eel. King. 2. To fatten. Now Falstaff sweats to death, And lards the lean earth as he walks along. Shaks. Brave soldier, doth he lie Larding the plain? Shakspeare. 3. To mix with something else by way of improvement. An exact command, Larded with many several sorts of reasons. Shaksp. Let no alien interpose To lard with wit thy hungry Epsom prose. Dryden. He lards with flourishes his long harangue, Tis fine, sayst thou. Dryden. Swearing by heaven; the poets think this nothing, their plays are so much larded with it. Collier. La'rder, lar'd&r.98 n. s. [lardier, old Fr. from lard.] The room where meat is kept or salted. The similitude is not borrowed of the larder house, but out of the school house. Ascham. Flesh is ill kept in a room that is not cool; where- as in a cool and wet lardor it will keep longer. Bacon. So have I seen in larder dark, Of veal a lucid loin. Dorset. Old age Morose, perverse in humour, diffident The more he still abounds, the less content: His larder and his kitchen too observes, And now, lest he should want hereafter, starves. King. La'rderer, lar'd&r-ilr. n. s. [from lard- er.] One who has the charge of the larder. LA'R DOM, lar'dun. n.s. [Fr.] A bit of bacon. LARGE, l&rdje. adj. [large, Fr. largus, Lat] 1. Big; bulky. Charles II. asked me, What could be the reason, that in mountainous countries the men were com- monly larger, and yet the cattle of all sorts smaller? Temple. Great Theron, large of limbs, of giant height. Dryden. Warwick, Leicester, and Buckingham, bear a large boned sheep of the best shape and deepest staple. Mortimer. 2. Wide; extensive. Their former large peopling was an effect of the countries impoverishing-. Carew. Let them dwell in the land, and trade therein; for it is large enough for them. Genesis. There he conquered a thousand miles wide and large. Abbot's Description of the World, 3. Liberal; abundant; plentiful. Thou shalt drink of thy sister's cup deep and large. Ezekiel. Vernal suns and showers Diffuse their warmest, largest influence. Thomson. 4. Copious; diffusive. Skippon gave a large testimony under his hand, that they had carried themselves with great civility. Clarendon. I might be very large upon the importance and ad- vantages of education, and say a great many things which have been said before. Felton on the Classicks. 5. At Large. Without restraint; without confinement. If you divide a cane into two, and one speak at the one end, and you lay your ear at the other, it will carry the voice farther than in the air at large. Bacon. Thus incorporeal spirits to smallest forms Reduc'd their shapes immense; and were at large, Though without number still. Milton. The children are bred up in their father's way; or so plentifully provided for, that they are left at large. Sprat. Your zeal becomes importunate; I've hitherto permitted it to rave And talk at large; but learn to keep it in, Lest it should take more freedom than I'll give it. Addison. 6. At Large. Diffusely; in the full ex- tent. Discover more at large what cause that was, For I am ignorant, and cannot guess. Shaksp. It does not belong to this place to have that point debated at large. Watts. La'rgely, lardje'le. adv. [from large.] I. Widely; extensively. 2. Copiously; diffusely; amply. Where the author treats more largely, it will ex- plain the shorter hints and brief intimations. Watts. 3. Liberally; bounteously. How he lives and eats: How largely gives; how splendidly he treats. Dryd. Those, who in warmer climes complain Swift. From Phoebus' rays they suffer pain, Must own that pain is largely paid By gen'rous wines beneath the shade. Abundantly; without sparing. They their fill of love, and love's disport, Took largely; of their mutual guilt the seal. Milton. La'rgeness, lardje'n^s. n. *.[from large.^ 1. Bigness; bulk. London excels any other city in the whole world, either in largeness, or number of inhabitants. Sprat. Nor must Bumastus his old honours lose, In length and largeness like the dugs of cows. Dryd. 2. Greatness; comprehension. There will be occasion for largeness of mind and agreeableness of temper. Collier of Friendship. 3. Extension; amplitude. They which would file away most from the large- ness of that offer, do in most sparing terms acknow- ledge little less. Hooker. The ample proposition that hope makes, In all designs begun on earth below, Falls in the promis'd largeness. Shaksp. Knowing best the largeness of my own heart to- ward my people's good and just contentment. King Charles. Shall grief contract the largeness of that heart, In which nor fear nor anger has a part? Waller. Man as far transcends the beasts in largeness of desire, as dignity of nature and employment. Glan. If the largeness of a man's heart carry him beyond prudence, we may reckon it illustrious weakness. V Estrange. 4. Wideness. Supposing that the multitude and largeness of ri- vers ought to continue as great as now; we can easi- ly prove that the extent of the ocean could be no less. Bentley. ILa'rgess, lar'jes. n. s. [largesse, French.] A present; a gift; a bounty. Our coffers with too great a court, And liberal largess, are grown somewhat light. Shakspeare. He assigned two thousand ducats, for a bounty to me and my fellows: for they give great largesses where they come. Bacon's New Atlantis. A pardon to the captain, and a largess Among the soldiers, had appeas'd their fury. Denh. The paltry largess too severely watch'd, That no intruding guests usurp a share. Dryden. Irus's condition will not admit of largesses. Addis. Largi'tion, lar-jlsh'un. n. s. [largitio, Lat.] The act of giving. Diet. LARK, lark. n.s. [lapepce, Saxon; lerk, Danish; lavrack, Scotish*] A small singing bird. It was the lark, the herald of the morn. Shaksp Look up a height, the shrill-gorg'd lark so far Cannot be seen or heard. Th' example of the heav'nly lark, Thy fellow poet, Cowley, mark. Mark how the lark and linnet sing; With rival notes They strain their warb'ling throats, To welcome in the spring. La'rker, lark'ur.98 n. s. [from lark.]' A catcher of larks. Diet. La'rkspur, lark'spilr. n. s. [delphinium.! A plant. L J La'rvated, lar'va-ted. adj. [larvatus, Lat.] Masked. Diet. La'rum, lar'rum." n. a. [from alarum or alarm.] Alarm; noise noting danger. His larum bell might loud and wide be heard When cause requir'd, but never out of time. Spens. The peaking cornute, her husband, dwelling in a continual larum of jealousy, comes to me in the in- stant of our encounter. Shaks How far off lie these armies? Shaksp. Cowley. Dryden. LAS __Within a mile and half. —Then shall we hear their larum, and they our3. Shakspeare. She is become formidable to all her neighbours, as she puts every one to stand upon his guard, and have a continual larum bell in his ears. Howel. 2. An instrument that makes a noise at a certain hour. Of this nature was that larum, which, though it were but three inches big, yet would both wake a man, and of itself light a candle for him at any set hour. Wilkins. I see men as lusty and strong that eat but two meals a day, as others that have set their stomachs, like larums, to call on them for four or five. Locke. The young .fiSneas, all at once let down, Stunn'd with his giddy larum half the town. Pope. Lary'ngotomy, lar-in-g6t'6-me.618 «. *. [x*?vy% and reftvu; laryngotomie, Fr.] An operation where the forepart of the larynx is divided to assist respiration, during large tumours upon the upper parts; as in a quinsy. Quincy. La'rynx, la'rinks. n. s. [h*?vy%.] The up- per part of the trachea, which lies be- low the root of the tongue, before the pharynx. Quincy. There are thirteen muscles for the motion of the five cartilages of the larynx. Derham- Lasoi'vient, la-slv've-ent.6*3 adj. [lasci- viens, Lat.] Frolicksome; wantoning. Lasci'vious, la-si v've-us.642 adj. [lascivus, Lat.] 1. Lewd; lustful. In what habit will you go along? —Not like a woman; for I would prevent The loose encounters of lascivious men. Shaksp. He on Eve Began to cast lascivious eyes; she him As wantonly repaid; in lust they burn. Milton. Notwithstanding all their talk of reason and phi- losophy, and those unanswerable difficulties, which, over their cups, they pretend to have against Christi- anity; persuade but the covetous man not to deify his money, the lascivious man to throw off his lewd amours, and all their giant-like objections against Christianity shall presently vanish. South. 2. Wanton; soft; luxurious. Grim visag'd war hath smooth'd his wrmkl'd front: And now, instead of mounting barbed steeds, To fright the souls of fearful adversaries, He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber, To the lascivious pleasing of a lute. Shaksp. Lasci'viously, la-siv've-as-le. adv. [from lascivious.] Lewdly; wantonly; loosely. Lasci'viousness, la-siv've-us-n£s. n. s. [from lascivious.] Wantonness; loose- ness. . The reason pretended by Augustus was the lasci- viousness of his Elegies, and his Art of Love. Dryd. LASH, lash. n. s. [The most probable etymology of this word seems to be that of Skinner, from schlagen, Dutch, to strike; whence slash and lash.] 1. A stroke with any thing pliant and tough. From hence are heard the groans of ghosts, the pains Of sounding lashes, and of dragging chains. Dryd. Rous'd by the lash of his own stubborn tail, Our lion now will foreign foes assail. Dryden. 2. The thong or point of the whip which gives the cut or blow. Her whip of cricket's bone, her lash of film, Her waggoner a small grey-coated gnat. Shaksp. I observed that your whip wanted a lash to it. Addison. LAS 3. A leash, or string in which an animal is held; a snare. Out of use. The farmer they leave in the lash With losses on every side. Tusser's Husbandry. 4. A stroke of satire; a sarcasm. The moral is a lash at the vanity of arrogating that to ourselves which succeeds well. VEstrange. To Lash, lash. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To strike with any thing pliant; to scourge. Let's whip these stragglers o'er the seas again, Lash hence these over-weening rags of France. Shakspeare. He charg'd the flames, and those that disobey'd He lash'd to duty with his sword of light. Dryden. And limping death, lash'd on by fate, Comes up to shorten half our date. Dryden. Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard, We lash the pupil, and defraud the ward. Dryden. Leaning on his lance he mounts his car, His fiery coursers lashing through the air. Garth. 2. To move with a sudden spring or jerk. The club hung round his ears and batter'd brows; He falls; and lashing up his heels, his rider throws. Dryden. To beat; to strike with a sharp sound. The winds grow high, Impending tempests charge the sky; The lightning flies, the thunder roars, And big waves lash the frighted shores. Prior. . To scourge with satire. Could pension'd Boileau lash in honest strain, Flatt'rers and bigots, ev'n in Louis' reign. Pope. . To tie any thing down to the side or mast of a ship: properly to lace. To Lash, lash. v. n. To ply the whip. They lash aloud, each other they provoke, And lend their little souls at every stroke. Dryden. Gentle or sharp, according to thy choice, To laugh at follies, or to lash at vice. Dryden. Let men out of their way lash on ever so fast, they are not at all the nearer their journey's end. South. Wheels clash with wheels, and bar the narrow street; The lashing whip resounds. Gay's Trivia. La'sher, lash'iir.98 n. s. [from lash.] One that whips or lashes. Lass, las.79 n. s. [from lad is formed lad- dess, by contraction lass. Hickes.] A girl; a maid; a young woman: used now only of mean girls. Now was the time for vig'rous lads to show What love or honour could invite them to; A goodly theatre, where rocks are round With reverend age, and lovely lasses crown'd. Waller. A girl was worth forty of our widows; and an ho- nest, downright, plain-dealing lass it was. L'JEstrange. They sometimes an hasty kiss Steal from unwary lasses; they with scorn, And neck reclin'd, resent. Philips. La'ssitude, las'se-tude. n. a. [lassitudo, Latin; lassitude, French.] I. Weariness; fatigue; the pain arising from hard labour. Lassitude is remedied by bathing, or anointing with oil and warm water; for all lassitude is a kind of contusion and compression of the parts; and bath- ing and anointing give a relaxation or emollition. Bacon. Assiduity in cogitation is more than our embodied souls can bear without lassihule or distemper. Glanville. She lives and breeds in air; the largeness and lightness of her wings and tail sustain her without lassitude. More's Antidote against Atheism. Do not over-fatigue the spirits, lest the mind be seized with a lassitude and thereby be tempted to nauseate, and grow tired. Watts. c2 LAS From mouth and nose the briny torrent ran, And lost in lassitude lay all the man. Pop* 2. [In physick.] Lassitude generally expresses that weariness which proceeds from a distempered state, and not from ex- ercise, which wants no remedy but rest: it proceeds from an increase of bulk, from a diminution of pro- per evacuation, or from too great a consumption of the fluid necessary to maintain the spring of the so- lids, as in fevers; or from a vitiated secretion of that juice whereby the fibres are not supplied. Quincy. La'sslorn, las'lorn. n. s. [lass and lorn.] Forsaken by his mistress. Not used. Brown groves, Whose shadow the dismissed batchelor loves, Being lass-lorn. Shakspeare. LAST, last.79 adj. [latere, Saxon; laet- ste, Dutch.] 1. Latest; that follows all the rest in time. Why are ye the last to bring the king back? Sam. 0, may some spark of your celestial fire, The last, the meanest, of your sons inspire! Pope. 2. Hindmost; which follows in order of place. Merion pursued at greater distance still, Last came Admetus, thy unhappy son. Pope. 3. Beyond which there is no more. I will slay the last of them with the sword. Amos. Unhappy slave, and pupil to a bell, Unhappy to the last the kind releasing knell. Cowley. The swans, that on Cayster often try'd Their tuneful songs, now sung their last, and dy'd. Addison 0! may fam'd Brunswick be the last, The last, the happiest British king, Whom thou shalt paint or I shall sing. Addison. But while I take my last adieu, Heave thou no sigh nor shed a tear. Prior. Here, last of Britons, let your names be read. Pope. Wit not alone has shone on ages past, But lights the present, and shall warm the last. Pope. 4. Lowest; meanest. Antilochus Takes the last prize, and takes it with a jest. Pope. 5. Next before the present; as, last week. 6. Utmost. Fools ambitiously contend For wit and pow'r; their last endeavours bend T' outshine each other. Dryden. 7. At Last. In conclusion; at the end. Gad, a troop shall overcome him; but he shall overcome at the last. Genesis. Thus weather-cocks, that for a while Have turn'd about with ev'ry blast, Grown old, and destitute of oil, Rust to a point, and fix at last. Fraud. 8. The Last; the end. All politicians chew on wisdom past, And blunder on in business to the last. Pope. Last, last. adv. 1. The last time; the time next before the present. How long is't now since last yourself and I Were in a mask? Shaksp. When last I dy'd, and, dear! I die As often as from thee I go, I can remember yet that I Something did say, and something did bestow. Donne. 2. In conclusion. Pleas'd with his idol, he commends, admires, Adores; and last, the thing ador'd desires. Dryden. To Last, last. v. n. [laer-tan, Saxon.] To endure; to continue; to persevere. All more lasting than beautiful. Sidney. I thought it more agreeable to my affection to your grace, to prefix your name before the essays: LAT LAT LAT for the Latin volume of them, being in the univer- sal language, may last as long as books last. Bacon. With several degrees of lasting, ideas are im- printed on the memory. Locke. These are standing marks of facts delivered by those who were eye-witnesses to them, and which were contrived with great wisdom to last till time should be no more. Addison. Last, last. n. s. [laeft, Saxon.] 1. The mould on which shoes are formed. The cobler is not to go beyond his last- L'Estr. A cobler produced several new grins, having been used to cut faces over his last. Spectator. Should the big last extend the shoe too wide, Each stone would wrench th' unwary step aside. Gay. 2. [last, German.] A load; a certain weight or measure. La'stery, las'ter-e. n. s. A red colour. The bashful blood her snowy cheeks did spread, That her became as polish'd ivory, Which cunning craftsman's hand hath overlaid, With fair vermilion, or pure lastery. Spenser. La'stage, las'tklje.90 n. s. [lestage, Fr. lastagie, Dutch; hlaeft, Sax. a load.] 1. Custom paid for freightage. 2. The ballast of a ship. LA'sTiNG,las'ting.41c7*ar^'ci/j/a/ adj. [from last.] 1. Continuing; durable. Every violence offered weakens and impairs, and renders the body less durable and lasting. Ray. 2. Of long continuance; perpetual. White parents may have black children, as ne- groes sometimes have lasting white ones. Boyle. The grateful work is done, The seeds of discord sow'd, the war begun: Frauds, fears, and fury, have possess'd the state, And fix'd the causes of a lasting hate. Dryden. A sinew cracked seldom recovers its former strength, and the memory of it leaves a lasting cau- tion in the man, not to put the part quickly again to any robust employment. Locke. La'stingly, las'ting-le. adv. [from last- ing.] Perpetually; durably. La'stingness, las'ting-ne's. n. a. [from lasting.] Durableness; continuance. All more lasting than beautiful, but that the con- sideration of the exceeding lastingness made the eye believe it was exceeding beautiful. Sidney. Consider the lastingness of the motions excited in the bottom of the eye by light. Newton. La'stly, last'le. adv. [from last.] I. In the last place. I will justify the quarrel; secondly, balance the forces; and, lastly, propound variety of designs for choice, but not advise the choice. Bacon. 2. In the conclusion; at last; finally. LATCH, latsh. n. s. [letse, Dutch; laccio, Italian.] A catch of a door moved by a string, or a handle. The latch moved up. Gay. Then comes rosy health from her cottage of thatch, Where never physician had lifted the latch. Smart. To Latch, latsh. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To fasten with a latch. He had strength to reach his father's house: the door was only latched; and, when he had the latch in his hand, he turned about his head to see his pursuer. Locke 2. [lecher, French.] To smear. But hast thou yet latched the Athenian's eyes With the love juice, as I did bid thee do? Shaksp. La'tches, latsh'ez. n. s. Latches or laskets, in a ship, are small lines like loops, fastened by sewing into the bonnets and drab- lersofaship, in order to lace the bonnets to the courses, or the diablers to the bonnets. Harris. La'tchet, laJsh'et." n. s. [lacet, French.] The string that fastens the shoe. There cometh one mightier than I, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose. Mark. LATE, late. adj. [Iset, Sax. laet, Dutch; in the comparative latter or later, in the superlative latest or last. Last is absolute and definite, more than latest.] I. Contrary to early; slow; tardy; long delayed. My hasting days fly on with full career, But my late spring no bud nor blossom sheweth. Milton. Just was the vengeance, and to latest days Shall long posterity resound thy praise. Pope. 2. Last in any place, office, or character. All the difference between the late servants, and those who staid in the family, was, that those latter were finer gentlemen. Spectator. 3. The deceased: as, the works of the late Mr. Pope. 4. Far in the day or night. Late, late. adv. 1. After long delays; after a long time. It is used often with too, when the pro- per time is past. O boy! thy father gave thee life too soon, And hath bereft thee of thy life too late. Shaksp. A second Silvius after these appears, Silvius iEneas, for thy name he bears: For arms and justice equally renown'd, Who late restor'd in Alba shall be crown'd. Dryd. He laughs at all the giddy turns of state, When mortals search too soon, and fear too late. Dryden. The later it is before any one comes to have these ideas, the later also will it be before he comes to those maxims. Locke. I might have spar'd his life, But now it is too late. Philips. 2. In a later season. To make roses, or other flowers, come late, is an experiment of pleasure; for the ancients esteemed much of the rosa sera. Bacon There be some flowers which come more early, and others which come more late in the year. Bacon. 3. Lately; not long ago. They arrived in that pleasant isle, Where sleeping late, she left her other knight. Spenser. In reason's absence fancy wakes. Ill-matching words and deeds long past or late. Milton. The goddess with indulgent cares, And social joys, the late transform'd repairs. Pope. From fresh pastures, and the dewy field, The lowing herds return, and round them throng With leaps and bounds the late imprison'd young. Pope. 4. Far in the day or night. Was it so late, friend, ere you went to bed, That you do lie so late? —Sir, we were carousing till the second cock. Shakspeare. Late the nocturnal sacrifice begun, Nor ended till the next returning sun. Dryden. 5. Of late; lately; in times past; near the present. Late, in this phrase, seems to be an adjective. Who but felt of late? Milton. Men have of late made use of a pendulum, as a more steady regulator. Locke. La'ted, la'ted. adj. [from late.] Belated; surprised by the night. I am so lated in the world, that I Have lost my way for ever. Shakspeare. The west glimmers with some streaks of day: Now spurs the lated traveller apace To gain the timely inn. Shakspeare. La'tely, late'16. adv. [from late.] Not long ago. Paul found a certain Jew named Aquila, lately come from Italy. Acts. La'teness, late'n£s. n. s. [from late.] Time far advanced. Lateness in life might be improper to begin the world with. Sxoift to Gay. La'tent, la'tent. adj. [latens, Lat.] Hid- den; concealed; secret. If we look into its retired movements, and more secret latent springs, we may there trace out a stea- dy hand producing good out of evil. Woodward. Who drinks, alas! but to forget; nor sees, That melancholy sloth, severe disease, Mem'ry confus'd, and interrupted thought, Death's harbingers, lie latent in the draught. Prior. What were Wood's visible costs I know not, and what were his latent is variously conjectured. Swift. LA'TERAL, lat'teT-al. adj. [lateral, Fr. lateralis, Latin.] 1. Growing out on the side; belonging to the side. Why may they not spread their lateral branches till their distance from the centre of gravity depress them? Ray. The smallest vessels, which carry the blood by lateral branches, separate the next thinner fluid or serum, the diameters of which lateral branches are less than the diameters of the blood-vessels. Arbuthnot. 2. Placed; or acting on the side. Forth rush the Levant, and the ponent winds Eurus and Zephyr, with their lateral noise, Sirocco and Libecchio. Milton. Latera'lity, lat-t^r-al'e-te. n. s. [from lateral.] The quality of having dis- tinct sides. We may reasonably conclude a right and left laterality in the ark, or naval edifice of Noah. Brown. La'terally, lat'ter-al-e. adv. [from late- ral.] By the side; sidewise. The days are set laterally against the columns of the golden number. Holder. La'teward, late'ward.88 adv. [late and peapb, Sax.] Somewhat late. LATH, \ktAJ* n. s. [latta, Saxon; late, latte, French.] A small long piece of wood used to support the tiles of houses. With dagger of lath. Shaksp. Penny-royal and orpin they use in the country to trim their houses; binding it with a lath or stick, and setting it against a wall. Bacon. Laths are made of heart of oak, for outside work, as tiling and plaistering; and of fir for inside pos- tering, and pantile lathing. Moxon. The god who frights away, With his lath sword, the thieves and birds of prey. Dryden. To Lath, \kth. v. a. [latter, Fr. from the noun.] To fit up with laths. A small kiln consists of an oaken frame, lathed on every side. Mortimer. The plaisterer's work is commonly done by the yard square for lathing. Mortimer. Lath, Ikth. n. s. [lae%, Saxon. It is ex- plained by Du Cange, I suppose from Spelman, Porlio comitatua major tres vel plures hundredas continens: this is apparently contrary to Spenser, in the following example.] A part of a county. If all that tything failed, then all that lath wes charged for that tything; and if the lath failed, then all that hundred was demanded for them; and if the hundred, then the shire, who would not rest ti'l they had found that undutiful fellow, which was net amesnable to law. %mer. LAT LAT LAV The fee-farms reserved upon charters granted to cities and towns corporate, and the blanch rents and lath silver answered by the sheriffs. Bacon. Lathe, laiHe. n. s. The tool of a tur- ner, by which he turns about his mat- ter so as to shape it by the chisel. Those black circular lines we see on turned ves- sels of wood, are the effects of ignition, caused by the pressure of an edged stick upon the vessel turn- ed nimbly in the lathe. Ray. To LA'THER, laTH'ilr. v. n. [lefcpan, Saxon.] To form a foam. Chuse water pure, Such as will lather cold with soap. Baynard. To La'ther, laTH'&r. v. a. To cover with foam of water and soap. La'ther, larH'ur.98 n. s. [from the verb.] A foam or froth made commonly by beating soap with water. LA'TIN, lat'tin.159 adj. [Latinus.] Writ- ten or spoken in the language of the old Romans. Augustus himself could not make a new Latin word. Locke. La'tix, lat'tln. n. s. An exercise practi- sed by schoolboys, who turn English into Latin. In learning farther his syntaxis, he shall not use the common order in schools for making of Latins. Ascham. La'tinism, lat'tln-izm. n. s. [latinisme, French; latinismus, low Latin.] A Latin idiom; a mode of speech pecu- liar to the Latin. Milton has made use of frequent transpositions, Latinisms, antiquated words and phrases, that he might the better deviate from vulgar and ordinaiy expressions. Addison. La'tinist, lat'tin-ist. n. a. [from Latin.] One skilled in Latin. Oldham was considered as a good Latinist. Oldham. Lati'nity, la-tin'ne-te. n. s. [latinite, Fr. latinitas, Lat.] Purity of Latin style; the Latin tongue. If Shakspeare was able to read Plautus with ease, nothing in Latinity could be hard to him. Dennis. To La'tinize, lat'tin-ize. v. a. [lataniser, French; from Latin.] To use words or phrases borrowed from the Latin. I am liable to be charged that I latinize too much. Dryden. To La'tinize, lat'tin-ize. v. n. To give names a Latin termination, to make them Latin. He uses coarse and vulgar words, or terms and phrases that are latinized, scholastick, and hard to be understood. Watts. La'tish, late'lsh. adj. [from late.] Some- what late. Latiro'strous, la-te-ros'trus. adj. [latus and rostrum, Latin.] Broad-beaked. In quadrupeds, in regard of the figure of their heads, the eyes are placed at some distance; in la- tirostrous and flat-billed birds, they are more late- rally seated. Brown. La'titanoy, lat'te-tan-se. n. s. [from la- titans, Latin.] Delitescence; the state of lying hid. In vipers she has abridged their malignity by their secession or latitancy. Brown. La'iitant, lat'te-tant. adj. [latitans, Lat.] Delitescent; concealed; lying hid. Snakes and lizards, latitant mairy months in the year, containing a weak heat in a copious humidi- ty, do long subsist without nutrition. Brown. Force the small latitantbubbles of air to disclose themselves and break. Boyle. It must be some other substance latitant in the fluid matter, and really distinguishable from it. More. Lati'tation, lat-e-ta'shun. n. a. [from latito, Latin.] The state of lying con- cealed. La'titude, lat'te-tude. n. s. [latitude, French; latitudo, Latin.] I. Breadth; width; in bodies of unequal dimensions the shorter axis; in equal bodies the line drawn from right to left. Whether the exact quadrat, or the long square, be the better, I find not well determined; though I must prefer the latter, provided the length do not exceed the latitiule above one third part. Wotton. 2. Room; space; extent. There is a difference of degrees in men's under- standings, to so great a latitude, that one may af- firm that there is a greater difference between some men and others, than between some men and beasts. Locke. 3. The extent of the earth or heavens, reckoned from the equator to either pole: opposed to longitude. We found ourselves in the latitude of thirty de- grees two minutes south. Swift. 4. A particular degree, reckoned from the equator. Another effect the Alps have on Geneva is, that the sun here rises later and sets sooner than it does to other places of the same latitude. Addison. . Unrestrained acceptation; licentious or lax interpretation. In such latitudes of sense, many that love me and the church well, may have taken the covenant. King Charles. Then, in comes the benign latitude of the doc- trine of good-will, and cuts asunder all those hard, pincing cords. South. Freedom from settled rules; laxity. In human actions there are no degrees, and pre- cise natural limits described, but a latitude is in- dulged. Taylor. I took this kind of verse, which allows more lati- tude than any other. Dryden. 7. Extent; diffusion. Albertus, bishop of Ratisbon, for his great learn- ing, and latitude of knowledge, surnamed Magnus; besides divinity, hath written many tracts in philo- sophy. Brown. Mathematicks, in its latitude, is usually divided into pure and mixed. Wilkins. I pretend not to treat of them in their full lati- tude; it suffices to shew how the mind receives them, from sensation and reflection. Locke. Latitudina'rian, lat-e-tu-de-na're-an. adj. [lat.itudinaire, French; latitudina- rius, low Latin.] Not restrained; not confined; thinking or acting at large Latitudinarian love will be expensive, and there- fore I would be informed what is to be gotten by it. Collier. Latitudina'rian, lat-e-tu-de-na'r£-an. n. a. One who departs from ortho- doxy. La'trant, la'trant. adj. [latrana, Latin.] Barking. Thy care be first the various gifts to trace, The minds and genius of the latrant race. Ticket. LATRI'A, la-tre-a. n. a. [Latin; Xxt$u«.; latrie, French.] The highest kind of worship: distinguished by the papists from dulia, or inferiour worship. The practice of the catholick church makes ge- nuflections, prostrations, supplications, and other acts of latria to the cro>s. Stillingfleet. La'tten, lat'ten.1 J " n. a. [leton, French; latoen, Dutch; lattwn, Welsh.] Brass; a mixture of copper and calaminaris stone. To make lamp-black, take a torch or link, and hold it under the bottom of a latten bason, and, as it groweth black within, strike it with a feather into some shell. Peacham. LA'T 1 ER, lat'tdr.88 adj. [This is the comparative of late, though universally written with tt, contrary to analogy, and to our own practice in the super- lative latest. When the thing of which the comparison is made is mentioned, we use later; as, this fruit is later than. the rest; but latter when no compari- son is expressed, but the reference is merely to time; as, those are latter fruits. ----------Volet usus Qucm penes arbitrium est, & vis, iJ? norma loquendi.] 1. Happening after something else. 2. Modern; lately done or past. Hath not navigation discovered, in these latter ages, whole nations at the bay of Soldania? Locke. 3. Mentioned last of two. The difference between reason and revelation, and in what sense the latter is superior. Watts. La'tterly, lat'tvir-le\6S7 adv. [from lat- ter.] Of late; in the last part of life: a low word lately hatched. Latterly Milton was short and thick. Richardson. LA'TTICE, lat'tis.140 *« n. s. [lattia, Fr. by Junius written lettice, and derived from lecc iejin, a hindring iron, or iron stop; by Skinner imagined to be derived from latte, Dutch, a lath, or to be corrupted from nettice or network: I have sometimes derived it from let and eye; leteyes, that which leta the eye. It may be deduced from latercu- lus.] A reticulated window; a win- dow made with sticks or irons crossing each other at small distances. My good window of lattice, fare thee well; thy casement I need not open, I look through thee. Shakspeare. The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice. Judges, Up into the watch-tower get, And see all things despoil'd of fallacies: Thou shalt not peep through lattices of eyes, Nor hear through labyrinths of ears, nor learn By circuit or collections to discern. Donne. The trembling leaves through which he play'd, Dappling the walk with light and shade, Like lattice windows, give the spy Room but to peep with half an eye. Cleaveland. To La'ttice, lat'tis. v. a. [from the noun.] To decussate, or cross; to mark with cross parts like a lattice. Lava'tion, 13-va'shdn. n. 8. [lavatio, Lat.] The act of washing. Such filthy stuff was by loose lewd varlets sung before the chariot on the solemn day of her lava- tion- Hakewill. La'vatory, lav'va-tilr-e.iia n. s. [from lavo, Latin.] A wash; something in which parts diseased are washed. Lavatories, to wash the temples, hands, wrisl LAV L A U LAV and jugulars, do potently profligate, and keep off the venom. Harvey. LAUD, lawd.213 n. s. [laus, Latin.] 1. Praise; honour paid; celebration. Doubtless, 0 guest, great laud and praise were mine, Reply'd the swain, for spotless faith divine: If, after social rites, and gifts bestow'd, I stain'd my hospitable hearth with blood. Pope. 2. That part of divine worship which con- sists in praise. We have certain hymns and services, which we say daily, of laud and thanks to God for his mar- vellous works. Bacon. In the book of Psalms, the lauds make up a very great part of it. Gov. of the Tongue. To Laud, lawd. v. a. [laudo, Latin.] To praise, to celebrate. O thou almighty and eternal Creator, having con- sidered the heavens the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars which thcu hast ordained, with all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify thy glorious name. Bentley. La'udable, law'da-bl.405 adj. [laudabilis, Latin.] 1. Praiseworthy; commendable. I'm in this earthly world, where to do harm Is often laudable; but to do good, sometime Accounted dang'rous folly. Shaksp. Affectation endeavours to correct natural defects, and has always the laudable aim of pleasing, though it always misses it. Locke. 2. Healthy; salubrious. Good blood, and a due projectile motion or cir- culation, are necessary to convert the aliment into laudable animal juices. Arbuthnot. La'udableness, law'da-bl-n£s. n. s. [from laudable.] Praiseworthiness. La'udably, law'da-ble. adv. [from lau- dable.] In a manner deserving praise. Obsolete words may be laudably revived, when either they are sounding or significant. Dryden. La'udanum, lod'da-mim.317 n. s. [a cant word, from laudo, Latin.] A supori- fick tincture. To Lave, lave. v. a. [lavo, Latin.] 1. To wash; to bathe. Unsafe, that we must lave our honours In these so flatt'ring streams. Shaksp. But as I rose out of the laving stream, Heav'n open'd her eternal doors, from whence The spirit descended on me like a dove. Milton. With roomy decks, her guns of mighty strength, Whose low-laid mouths each mountain billow laves. Deep in her draught, and warlike in her length, She seems a sea-wasp flying on the waves. Dryd. 2. [lever, Fr.] To throw up; to lade; to draw out. Though hills were set on hills, And seas met seas to guard thee, I would through: I'd plough up rocks, steep as the Alps, in dust, And lave the Tyrrhene waters into clouds, But 1 would reach thy head. Ben Jonson. Some stow their oars, or stop the leaky sides, Another bolder, yet the yard bestrides, And folds the sails; a fourth with labour laves Th' intruding seas, and waves eject on waves. Dryden. To Lave, lave. v. n. To wash himself; to bathe. In her chaste current oft the goddess laves, And with celestial tears augments the waves. Pope. To Lave'er, la-veer', v.n. To change the direction often in a course. How easy 'tis when destiny proves kind, With full spread sails to run before the wind: But those that 'gainst stiff gales laveering go, Must be at once resolv'd, and skilful too. Dryden. LA'vENDER,lav'ven-dur.98«.*.[/af^rf"^j Latin.] A plant. It is one of the verticillate plants, whose flower consists of one leaf, divided into two lips; the upper lip, standing upright, is roundish, and, for the most part, bifid; but the under lip is cut into three seg- ments, which are almost equal: these flowers are disposed in whorles, and are collected into a slen- der spike upon the top of the stalks. Miller. The whole lavender plant has a highly aromatick smell and taste, and is famous as a cephalick, ner- vous, and uterine medicine. Hill. And then again he turneth to his play, To spoil the pleasures of that paradise: The wholesome sage, and lavender still grey, Rank smelling rue, and cummin good for eyes. . Spenser. La'ver, la'vfir.98 n. s. [lavoir, Fr. from lave.] A washing vessel. Let us go find the body where it lies Soak'd in his enemies' blood, and from the stream With lavers pure, and cleansing herbs, wash off The clodded gore. Milton. He gave her to his daughters, to imbathe In nectar'd lavers strew'd with asphodil. Milton. Young Aretus from forth his bridal bow'r Brought the full laver o'er their hands to pour. Pope's Odyssey. To LAUGH, laf.215 391 v. n. [hlapan, Saxon; lachen, German and Dutch; lach, Scotisli.] I. To make that noise which sudden mer- riment excites. You saw my master wink and laugh upon you. Shakspeare. There's one did laugh in 's sleep, and one cried Murthcr! They wak'd each other. Shaksp. At this fusty stuff The large Achilles, on his prest-bed lolling, From his deep chest laughs out a loud applause. Shakspeare. Laughing causeth a continued expulsion of the breath with the loud noise, which maketh the inter- jection of laughing, shaking of the breast and sides, running of the eyes with water, if it be violent. Bacon. 2. [In poetry.] To appear gay, favoura- ble, pleasant, or fertile. Entreat her not the worse, in that I pray You use her well; the world may laugh again, And I may live to do you kindness, if You do it her. Shakspeare. Then laughs the childish year with fiowrets crown'd. Dryden. The plenteous board, high-heap'd with cates di- vine, And o'er the foaming bowl the laughing wine. Pope. 3. To Laugh at. To treat with contempt; to ridicule. Presently prepare thy grave; Lie where the light foam of the sea may beat Thy grave-stone daily: make thine epitaph, That death in thee at others lives may laugh. Shakspeare. 'Twere better for you, if 'twere not known in council; you'll be laughed at. Shakspeare. The dissolute and abandoned, before they are aware of it, are betrayed to laugh at themselves, and upon reflection find, that they are merry at their own expence. Addison. No wit to flatter left of all his store; No fool to laugh at, which he valued more. Pope. To Laugh, laf. v. a. To deride; to scorn. Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn The pow'r of man. Shaksp. A wicked soul shall make him to be laughed to scorn of his enemies. Ecclesiasticus. Laugh, laf. n. a. [from the verb.] The convulsion caused by merriment; an in- articulate expression of sudden merri- ment. Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then hid in shades, eludes her eager swain; But feigns a laugh, to see me search around, And by that laugh the willing fair is found. Pope. La'ughable, laPa-bl.403 adj. [from laugh.] Such as may properly excite laughter. Nature hath fram'd strange fellows in her time; Some that will evermore peep through their eye, And laugh like parrots at a bagpiper; And others of such vinegar aspect, That they'll not show their teeth in way of smile, Though Nestor swear the jest be laughable. Shaksp. Casaubon confesses Persius was not good at turn- ing things into a pleasant ridicule; or, in other words, that he was not a laughable writer. Dryden. La'ugher, laf'iir.98 n.s. [from laugh.] A man fond of merriment. I'am a common laugher. Shaksp. Some sober men cannot be of the general opi- nion, but the laughers are much the majority. Pope. La'ughingly, laf'ing-16. adv. [from laughing.] In a merry way; merrily. La'ughingstock, laf'ing-stok. n. a. [laugh and stock.] A butt; an object of ridicule. The forlorn maiden, whom your eyes have seen the laughing-stock of fortune's mockerie. Spenser. Pray you, let us not be laughing-stocks to other men's humours. Shakspeare. Supine credulous frailty exposes a man to be both a prey and laughing-stock at once. L'Estrange. La'ughter, laf'tdr.98 n. a. [from laugh.] Convulsive merriment; an inarticulate expression of sudden merriment. To be worst, The lowest, most dejected thing of fortune, Stands still in esperance; lives not in fear. The lamentable change is from the best, The worst returns to laughter. Shaksp. The act of laughter, which is a sweet contraction of the muscles of the face, and a pleasant agitation of the vocal organs, is not merely voluntary, or to- tally within the jurisdiction of ourselves. Brown. We find not that the iawg-AJcr-loving dame Mourn'd for Anchises. Waller. Pain or pleasure, grief or laughter. Prior. LA'VISH, lavish, adj. [Of this word I have been able to find no satisfactory etymology. It may be plausibly de- rived from to lave, to throw out; as firo- fundtre opes, is to be lavish.] 1. Prodigal; wasteful; indiscreetly liberal. His jolly brother, opposite in sense, Laughs at his thrift; and lavish of expence, Quaffs, crams, and guttles, in his own defence. Dryden. The dame has been too lavish of her feast, And fed him till he loaths. Roioe. 2. Scattered in waste; profuse: as, the cost was lavish. 3. Wild; unrestrained. Bellona's bridegroom, lapt in proof, Confronted him, curbing his lavish spirit. Shaksp. To La'vish, lav'ish. v. a. [from the adjec- tive.] To scatter with profusion; to waste; to squander. Should we thus lead them to a field of slaughter, Might not th' impartial world with reason say, We lavkh'd at our deaths the blood of thousands? Addison. La'visher, lav'ish-rir.98 n. s. [from lavish.] A prodigal; a profuse man. La'vishly, lav'ish-le. adv. [from lavish.] Profusely; prodigally. My father's purposes have been mistook, L AU LAW LAW And some about him have too lavishly Wrested his meaning and authority. Sliaksp. Then laughs the childish year with flowrets crown'd, And lavishly perfumes the fields around. Dryden. Praise to a wit is like rain to a tender flower; if it be moderately bestowed, it cheers and revives; but if too lavishly, overcharges and depresses him. Pope. La'vishment, lav'ish-ment. ? n. 8. [from La'vishness, lav'lsh-nes. 3 lavish.] Prodigality; profusion. First got with guile, and then preserv'd with dread, And after spent with pride and lavishness. F. Qjueen. To Launch, lansh.2'4 v. n. [It is derived by Skinner from lance, because a ship is pushed into water with great force.] 1. To force a vessel into the sea. Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. Luke. So short a stay prevails; He soon equips the ships, supplies the sails, And gives the word to launch. Dryden. For general history, Raleigh and Howel are to be had. He who would launch farther into the ocean, may consult VVhear. Locke. 2. To rove at large; to expatiate; to make excursions. From hence that gen'ral care and study springs, That launching and progression of the mind. Davies. Whoever pursues his own thoughts, will find them launch out beyond the extent of body into the infi- nity of space. Locke. Spenser has not contented himself with submis- sive imitation: he launches out into very flowery paths, which still conduct him into one great road. Prior. He had not acted in the character of a suppliant if he had launched out into a long oration. Broome. I have launched out of my subject on this article. Arbuthnot. To Launch, lansh.362 v. a. 1. To push to sea. All art is used to sink episcopacy, and launch presbytery, in England. King Charles. With stays and cordage last he rigg'd the ship, And roll'd on levers, launch'd her in the deep. Pope. 2. To dart from the hand. This perhaps, for distinction sake, might better be written lanch or lance. The King of Heav'n, obscure on high, Bar'd his red arm, and launcldng from the sky His writhen bolt, not shaking empty smoke, Down to the deep abyss the flaming fellow strook. Dryden. Laund, lawnd. n. a. [lande, French; lawn, Welsh.] Lawn; a plain extended be- tween woods. Hanmer. Under this thick-grown brake we'll shroud our- selves; For through this laund anon the deer will come; And in this covert will we make our stand. Shak. La'undress, lan'dres.914 n. s. [lavandiere, French: Skinner imagines that lavanda- resse may have been the old word.] A woman whose employment is to wash clothes. The countess of Richmond would often say, On condition the princes of Christendom would march against the Turks, she would willingly attend them, and be their laundress. Camden. Take up these cloaths here quickly; carry them to the laundress in Datchet Mead. Shaksp. The laundress must be sure to tear her smocks in the washing, and yet wash them but half. Swift. La'undry, lan'dre. n. s. [as if lavandtrie.] 1. The room in which clothes are washed. The affairs of the family ought to be consulted, whether they concern the stable, dairy, the pantry, or laundry. Su,ifl- 2. The act or state of washing. Chalky water is too fretting, as appeareth in laundry of cloaths, which wear out apace. Bacon LAVO'LTA, li-vol'ta. n. s. [la volte, French.] An old dance, in which was much turning and much capering. Hanmer. I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt; nor sweeten talk; Nor play at subtle games. Shaksp. La'ureate, law're-ate.91 adj. [laureatus, Latin] Decked or invested with a laurel. Bid Amaranthus all his beauty shed, And daffodillies fill their cups with tears, To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies. Milton. Soft on her lap her laureate son reclines. Pope. Laurea'tion, law-re-a'shtm. n. s. [from laureate.] It denotes, in the Scotish universities, the act or state of having degrees conferred, as they have in some of them a flowery crown, in imitation of laurel among the ancients. LA'UREL, lor'ril." 217 n. s. [laurus, Lat. laurier, Fr.] A tree, called also the cherry bay. The laurus or laurel of the ancients is affirmed by naturalists to be what we call the bay tree. Ainsw. The laurel, meed of mighty conquerors, And poets sage. Fairy Qjueen. The laurel, or cherry-bay, by cutting away the side-branches, will rise to a large tree. Mortimer. La'ureled, lor'ril'd.359 adj. [from lau- rel.] Crowned or decorated with lau- rel; laureate. Hear'st thou the news? my friend! th' express is come With laurell'd letters from the camp to Rome. Dry. Then future ages with delight shall see How Plato's, Bacon's, Newton's, looks agree; Or in fair series laurell'd bards be shown A Virgil there, and here an Addison. Pope. LAW, law. n. s. [laja, Saxon; loi, Fr. lawgh, Erse.] I. A rule of action. That which doth assign unto each thing the kind, that which doth moderate the force and power, that which doth appoint the form and measure of work- ing; the same we term a law. Hooker. Unhappy man! to break the pious Zatos Of nature, pleading in his children's cause. Dryd. 2. A decree, edict, statute, or custom, publickly established as a rule of jus- tice. Ordain them laws, part such as appertain To civil justice, part religious rites. Milton. Our nation would not give laics to the Irish, there- fore now the Irish gave laws to them. Davies. 3. A decree authoritatively annexing re- wards or punishments to certain actions. So many laws argue so many sins. Milton. Laics politique among men presuming man to be rebellious. Hooker. 4. Judicial process. When every case in law is right. Shaksp. He hath resisted law, And therefore law shall scorn him further trial Than the severity of publick power. Shaksp. Tom Touchy is a fellow famous for taking the law of every body: there is not one in the town where he lives that he has not sued at a quarter- sessions. Spectator. 5. A distinct edict or rule. One laxo is split into two. Baker. 6. Conformity to law; any thing lawful. In a rebellion, When what's not meet, but what must be, was law, Then were they chosen. Shaksp. 7. The rules or axioms of science: as, the laws of mechanicks. 8. An established and constant mode or process; a fixed correspondence of cause and effect: as, the laws of magnetism. Natural agents have their law. Hooker. I dy'd, whilst in the womb he stay'd, Attending Nature's law. Sliaksp. 9. The Mosaicai institution; distinguished from the gospel. Law can discover sin, but not remove, Save by these shadowy expiations. Milton. 10. The books in which the Jewish reli- gion is delivered: distinguished from the prophets. 11. A particular form or mode of trying and judging: as, law martial, law mer- cantile: the ecclesiastical law whereby we are governed. 12. Jurisprudence; the study of law: as, a doctor of law. La'wful, law'ful.406 adj. [law and Jul!.] Agreeable to law; conformable to law; allowed by law; legitimate; legal. It is not lawful for thee to have her. Matthew. Gloster's bastard son was kinder to his father, than my daughters got 'tween lawful sheets. Shak. La'wsully, law'ful-e. adv. [from law- ful.] Legally; agreeably to law. This bond is forfeit; And lawfully by this the Jew may claim A pound of flesh. Shaksp. Though it be not against strict justice for a man to do those things which he might otherwise law- fully do, albeit his neighbour doth take occasion from thence to conceive in his mind a false belief, yet christian charity will, in many cases, restrain a man. South. 1 may be allowed to tell your lordship, the king of poets, what an extent of power you nave, and how lawfully you may exercise it. Dryden. La'wfulness, law'ful-n£s. n. s. [from lawful.] Legality; allowance of law. It were an error to speak further, till I may see some sound foundation laid of the lawfulness of the action. Bacon. La'wgiver, law'giv-u.r.98 n. 8. [law and giver.] Legislator; onethatmakes laws. Solomon we esteem as the lawgiver of our nation. Bacon. A law may be very reasonable in itself, although one does not know the reason of the lawgivers. Swift. La'wgiving, law'giv-ing. adj. [law and giving.] Legislative. Lawgiving- heroes, fam'd for taming brutes, And raising cities with their charming lutes. Waller. La'wless, law'l£s. adj. [from law.] I. Unrestrained by any law; not subject to law. The necessity of war, which among human actions is the most lawless, hath some kind of affinity with the necessity of law. Raleigh. The lawless tyrant, who denies To know their God, or message to regard, Must be compell'd. Milton. Orpheus did not, as poets feign, tame savage beasts, But men as lawless, and as wild as they. Roscom Not the gods, nor angry Jove, will bear Thy lawless wand'ring walks in open air. Dryden Blind as the Cyclops, and as blind as he, They own'd a lawless savage liberty, L A \ L A Y L A V I.ike that our painted ancestors so priz'd, Krc empire's arts their breasts had civiliz'd. Dryd. He nicitor-likt, llamcs lawless through the void, DcstiMvmg other., by himself destroyed. Pope. 2. Contrary to law; illegal. Take not the quarrel from his powerful arms, lie needs no indirect nor lawless course To cut off those that have offended him. Shaksp. We cite our faults, That they may hold excus'd our lawless lives. Shakspeare. Thou the first, lay down thy lawless claim; Thou of my blood who bear'st the Julian name. Dryden. La'wlessi.y, law'les-le. adv [from law- less. , In a manner contrary to law. Fear not, he bears an honourable mind, And will not use a woman lawlessly. Shaksp. La'wmaker, law'ma-kur. n. s. [law and makir.] Legislator; one who makes laws; a lawgiver. Their judgment is, that the church of Christ should admit no lawmakers but the evangelists. Hooker. Lawn, lawn. n. a. [land, Danish; lawn, Welsh; lande, Fr.] 1. An open space between woods. Betwixt them lawns, or level downs, and flocks Grazing the tender herb, were interpos'd. Milton. His mountains were shaded with young trees, that gradually shot up into groves, woods, and forests, intermixed with walks and lawns, and gar- dens. Addison. Stern beasts in trains that by his truncheon fell, Now grisly forms shoot o'er the lawns of hell. Pope. lullTspers'd in lawns and opening glades, Thin trees arise that shun each other's shades. Pope. 2. [linon, French.] Fine linen, remark- able for being used in the sleeves of bishops. Should'st thou bleed, To stop the wounds my finest lawn I'd tear, Wash them with tears, and wipe them with my hair. Prior. From high life high characters are drawn, A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn. Pope. What awe did the slow solemn knell inspire; The duties by the lawn rob'd prelate pay'd. And the last words, that dust to dust convey'd! Tickeil. La'wsuit, law'sute. n. s. [law and suit.] A process in law; a litigation. The giving the priest a right to the tithe would produce lawsuits and wrangles; his attendance on the courts of justice would leave his people without a spiritual guide. Swift. La'wyer, law'y£r.98 n. s. [from law.] Professor of law; advocate; pleader. It is like the breath of an unfee'd lawyer, you gave me nothing for it. Shaksp. I- the law evil, because some lawyers in their of- fice swerve from it? Whitgifte. I have entered into a work touching laws, in a middle term, between the speculative and reverend discourses of philosophers, and the writings of law- yers. Bacon. The nymphs with scorn beheld their foes, When the defendant's counsel rose; And, what no lawyer ever lack'd, With impudence own'd all the fact. Swift. Lax, laks. adj. [laxus, Latin.] I. Loose; not confined. Inhabit lax, ye pours of heav'n! Milton. 2. Disunited; not strongly combined. In mines, those parts of the earth which abound with strata of stone, suffer much more than those which consist of gravel, and the like laxer matter, which more easily give way. Woodward. 3. Vague; not rigidly exact. Dialogues were only lax and moral discourses. Baker. 4. Loose in body, so as to go frequently to stool: laxative medicines are such as promote that disposition. Quincy. Slack; not tense. By a branch of the auditory nerve that goes be- tween the car and the palate, they can hear them- selves, though their outward ear be stopt by the lax membrane to all sounds that come that way. Holder. Lax, laUs. n. s. A looseness; a diarrhoea. Laxa'tion, lak-sa'shun. n. *. [laxatio, Latin.] 1. The act of loosening or slackening. 2. The state of being loosened or slack- ened. La'xative, laks'a-tlv/19 adj. [laxatif, French; laxo, Lat.] Having the power to ease costiveness. Omitting honey, which is of a laxative power it- self; the powder of loadstones doth rather consti- pate and bind, than purge and loosen the belly. Brown. The oil in wax is emollient, laxative, and ano- dyne. Arbuthnot. La'xative, laks'a-tiv. n. s. A medicine slightly purgative; a medicine that re- laxes the bowels without stimulation. Nought profits him to save abandon'd life, Nor vomits upward aid, nor downward /curative. Dryden. La'xativeness, laks'a-tlv-nfis. n. s. [from laxative.] Power of easing costiveness. La'xity, laks'e-te. n. s. [laxitas, Latin.] 1. Not compression; not close cohesion; slackness of contexture. The former causes could never beget whirlpools in a chaos of so great a Zaan'ty and thinness. Bentley. I. Contrariety to rigorous precision: as, laxity of expression. 3. Looseness; not costiveness. If sometimes it cause any laxity, it is in the same way with iron unprepared, which will disturb some bodies, and work by purge and vomit. Brown. 4. Slackness; contrariety to tension. Laxity of a fibre, is that degree of cohesion in its parts which a small force can alter, so as to in- crease its length beyond what is natural. Qjuincy. Iu consideration of the laxity of their eyes, they are subject to relapse. Wiseman. 5. Openness; not closeness. Hold a piece of paper close by the flame of a can- dle, and by little and little remove it further off, and there is upon the paper some part of that which I see in the candle, and it grows still less and less as I remove; so that if I would trust my sense, I should believe it as very a body upon the paper as in the candle, though enfeebled by the laxity of the channel in which it flows. Digby. La'xness, laks'nes. n. s. Laxity; not ten- sion; not precision; not costiveness. For the free passage of the sound into the ear, it is requisite that the tympanum be tense, and hard stretched; otherwise the laxness of that membrane will certainly dead and damp the sound. Holder. Lay, la. Preterit of lie. 0! would the quarrel lay upon our heads. Shak. He was familiarly acquainted with him at such time as he lay embassador at Constantinople. Knoll. When Ahab had heard those words, he fasted, and lay in sackcloth. l Kings. I try'd whatever in the Godhead lay. Dryden. He rode to rouze the prey, That shaded by the fern in harbour lay, And thence dislodged. Dryden. Leaving Rome, in my way to Sienna, I lay the first night at a village in the territories of the an- cient Veii. Addison. How could he have the retircdness of the clois- ter, to perform all those acts of devotion in, when the burthen of the reformation lay upon his shoul- d , Francis Atterbury. The Presbyterians argued, that if the Pretender should invade those parts where the numbers and estates of the dissenters chiefly lay, they would sit still. 0 , kWlJt- To LAY, la. v. a. [lecjan, Sax. leggen, Dutch.] . . 1. To place; to put; to reposite. 1 ms word being correlative to lie, involves commonly immobility or extension; a punishment laid is a punishment that cannot be shaken off; in immobility is included weight. One house laid to another, implies extension. He laid his robe from him. Jonah. Thev have laid their swords under their heads. J Ezekiel. Soft on the flow'ry herb I found me laid. Milton. He sacrificing laid The entrails on the wood. Milton. 2. To place along. Seek not to be judge, being not able to take away iniquity, lest at any time thou fear the person of the mighty, and lay a stumbling-block in the way of thy uprightness. Ecclesiasticus. A stone was laid on the mouth of the den. Dan. 3. To beat down corn or grass. Another ill accident is laying of corn with great rains in harvest. Bacon. Let no sheep there play, Nor frisking kids the flowery meadows lay. May. 4. To keep from rising; to settle; to still. I'll use th' advantage of my power, And lay the summer's dust with showers of blood. Shakspeare. It was a sandy soil, and the way had been full of dust; but an hour or two before a refreshing fra- grant shower of rain had laid the dust. Ray. 5. To fix deep; to dispose regularly: ei- ther of these notions may be conceived from the following examples; but regu- larity seems rather implied; so we say, to lay bricks; to lay planks. Schismaticks, outlaws, or criminal persons, are not fit to lay the foundation of a new colony. Bacon. I lay the deep foundation of a wall, And Enos, nam'd from me, the city call. Dryden. Men will be apt to call it pulling up the old foundations of knowledge; I persuade myself, that the way I have pursued lays those foundations surer. Locke. 6. To put; to place. Then he offered it to him again; then he put it by again; but, to my thinking, he was very loth to lay his fingers off it. Shakspeare. Till us death lay To ripe and mellow, we are but stubborn clay. Donne. They shall lay hands on the sick, and recover. Mark. They, who so state a question, do no more but separate and disentangle the parts of it, one from another, and lay them, when so disentangled, in their due order. Locke. We to thy name our annual rites will pay, And on thy altars sacrifices lay. Pope. 7. To bury; to inter. David fell on sleep, and was laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption. ,flcjs# 8. To station or place privily. Lay thee an ambush for the city behind thee. . Joshua. 1 he wicked have laid a snare for me. Psalms. Lay not wait, 0 wicked man, against the dwell- ing of the righteous. Proverbs. 9. To spread on a surface. The colouring upon those maps should be laid on so thin, as not to obscure or conceal any part of the l»nes. Wms LAY LAY LAY 10. To paint; to enamel. The pictures drawn in our minds are laid in fad- ing colours; and, if not sometimes refreshed, van- ish and disappear. Locke. 11. To put into any state of quiet. They bragged, that they doubted not but to abuse, and lay asleep, the queen and council of England. Bacon. 12. To calm; to still; to quiet; to allay. Friends, loud tumults are not laid With half the easiness that they are rais'd. Jonson. Thus pass'd the night so foul, till morning fair Came forth with pilgrim steps in amice grey, Who with her radiant finger still'd the roar Of thunder, chas'd the clouds, and laid the winds. Milton. After a tempest, when the winds are laid, The calm sea wonders at the wrecks it made. Waller. I fear'd I should have found A tempest in your soul, and came to lay it. Denh. At once the wind was laid, the whisp'ring sound Was dumb, a rising earthquake rock'd the ground. Dryden. 13. To prohibit a spirit to walk. The husband found no charm to lay the devil in a petticoat, but the rattling of a bladder with beans in it. L'Estrange. 14. To set on the table. I laid meat unto them. Hosea. 15. To propagate plants by fixing their twigs in the ground. The chief time of laying gilliflowers is in July, when the flowers are gone. Mortimer. 16. To wager; to stake. But since you will be mad, and since you may Suspect my courage, if I should not lay; The pawn I proffer shall be full as good. Dryden. 17. To reposite any thing. The sparrow hath found an house, and the swal- low a nest for herself, where she may lay her young. Psalms. 18. To exclude eggs. After the egg is lay d, there is no further growth or nourishment from the female. Bacon. A hen mistakes a piece of chalk for an egg, and sits upon it; she is insensible of an increase or di- minution in the number of those she lays. Spectator. 19. To apply with violence: as, to lay blows. Lay siege against it, and build a fort against it, and cast a mount against it. Ezekitl. Never more shall my torn mind be heal'd, Nor taste the gentle comforts of repose! A dreadful band of gloomy cares surround me, And lay strong siege to my distracted soul. Philips. 20. To apply nearly. She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. Proverbs. It is better to go to the house of mourning than to go to the house of feasting; for that is the end of all men, and the living will lay it lo his heart. Eccksiastes. The peacock laid it extremely to heart, that, be- ing Juno's darling bird, he had not the nightingale's voice. L'Eslrange. He that really lays these two things to heart, the extreme necessity that he is in, and the small pos- sibility of help, will never come coldly to a work of that concernment. Duppa- 21. To add; to conjoin. Wo unto them that lay field to field. Isaiah. 22. To put in a state; implying somewhat of disclosure. If the sinus lie distant; lay it open first, and cure that apertion before you divide that in ano. Wiieman. The wars have laid whole countries waste. Add. 23. To scl.'-me: :•> contrive Every breast she did with spirit inflame, VOL. II. Yet still fresh projects lay'd the grey-ey'd dame. Chapman. Homer is like his Jupiter, has his terrors, shak- ing Olympus; Virgil, like the same power in his be- nevolence, counselling with the gods, laying plans for empires. Pope. Don Diego and we have laid it so, that before the rope is well about thy neck, he will break in and cut thee down. Arbuthnot. 24. To charge as a payment. A tax laid upon land seems hard to the landhol- der, because it is so much money going out of his pocket. Locke. 25. To impute; to charge. Preoccupied with what You rather must do, than what you should do, Made you against the grain to voice him consul, Lay the fault on us. Shakspeare. How shall this bloody deed be answered? It will be laid to us, whose providence Should have kept short, restrain'd, and out of haunt, This mad young man. Shakspeare. We need not lay new matter to his charge. Shakspeare. Men groan from out of the city, yet God layeth not folly to them. Job. Let us be glad of this, and all our fears Lay on his providence. Paradise Regained. The writers of those times lay the disgraces and ruins of their country upon the numbers and fierce- ness of those savage nations tharinvaded them. Temple. They lay want of invention to his charge; a capi- tal crime. Dryden. You represented it to the queen as wholly inno- cent of those crimes which weie laid unjustly to its charge. Dryden. They lay the blame on the poor little ones. Locke. There was eagerness on both sides; but this is far from laying a blot upon Luther. Alterbury. 26. To impose, as evil or punishment. The weariest and most loathed life That age, ach, penury, imprisonment, Can lay on nature, is a paradise To what we fear of death. Shakspeare. Thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury. Exodus. The Lord shall lay the fear of you, and the dread of you upon all the land. Deuteronomy These words were not spoken to Adam; neither, indeed, was there any grant in them made to Adam; but a punishment laid upon Eve. Locke. 27. To enjoin as a duty, or rule of action. It seemed good to lay upon you no greater bur- den. Acts. Whilst you lay on your friend the favour, acquit him of the debt. Wycherley. A prince who never disobey'd, Not when the most severe commands were laid, Nor want, nor exile with his duty weigh'd. Dryden. You see what obligation the profession of Chris- tianity lays upon us to holiness of life. Tillotson. Neglect the rules each verbal critick lays, For not to know some trifles is a praise. Pope. 28. To exhibit; to offer. It is not the manner of the Romans lo deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to an- swer for himself concerning the crime laid against him. Acts. Till he lays his indictment in some certain coun- try, we do not think ourselves bound to answer. Atttrbury. 29. To throw by violence. He bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city he layeth it low, even to the ground. Isa. Brave Cameus laid Ortygius on the plain, The victor Caeneus was by Tumus slain. Dryden. He took the quiver, and the trusty bow Achates us'd to bear; the leaders first He laid along, and then the vulgar piere'd. Dryden. 30. To place in comparison. Lay down by those pleasures the fearful and dan- D gerous thunders and lightnings, and then there will be found no comparison. Raleigh. 31. To Lay apart. To reject; to put away. Lay apart all filtbiness. James. 32. To Lay aside. To put away; not to retain. Let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us. Hebrews. Amaze us not with that majestick frown, But lay aside the greatness of your crown. Waller. Roscommon first, thenMulgrave rose, like light: The Stagyrite, and Horace, laid aside, Inform'd by them, we need no foreign guide. Granv. Retention is the power to revive again in our minds those ideas which, after imprinting, have disappeared, or have been laid aside out of sight. Locke. When by just vengeance guilty mortals perish, The gods behold their punishment with pleasure, And lay the uplifted thunder-bolt aside. Addison. 33. To Lay away. To put from one; not to keep. Queen Esther laid away her glorious apparel, and put on the garments of anguish. Esther. 34. To Lay before. To expose to view; to show; to display. I cannot better satisfy your piety, than by laying before you a prospect of your labours. Wake. That treaty hath been laid before the commons. Swift. Their office it is to lay the business of the nation before him. Addison. 5. To Lay by. To reserve for some future time. Let every one lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him. 1 Corinthians. 36. To Lay by. To put from one; to dis- miss. Let brave spirits that have fitted themselves for command, either by sea or land, not be laid by as persons unnecessary for the time. Bacon. She went away and laid by her veil. Genesis. Did they not swear to live and die With Essex, and straight laid him by? Hudibras. For that look, which does your people awe, When in your throne and robes you give 'em law, Lay it by here, and give a gentler smile. Waller. Darkness, which fairest nymphs disarms, Defends us ill from Mira's charms; Mira can lay her beauty by, Take no advantage of the eye, Quit all that Lely's art can take, And yet a thousand captives make. Waller. Then he lays by the publick care, Thinks of providing for an heir; Learns how to get, and how to spare. Denham. The Tuscan king Laid by the lance, and took him to the sling. Dryd. Where Daedalus his borrow'd wings laid by, To that obscure retreat I chuse to fly. Dryden. My zeal for you must lay the father by, And plead my country's cause against my son. Dryden. Fortune, conscious of your destiny, E'en then took care to lay you softly by; And wrapp'd your fate among her precious things, Kept fresh to be unfolded with your king's. Dryd. Dismiss your rage, and lay your weapons by, Know I protect them, and they shall not die. Dryd. When their displeasure is once declared, they ought not presently to lay by the severity of their brows, but restore their children to their former grace with some difficulty. Locke 17. To Lay down. To deposit as a pledge, equivalent, or satisfaction. I lay down my life for the sheep. John. For her, my lord, I dare my life I i down, and will do't, Sir, Please you t' ^etpt it, that the queen is spotless I' th' eyes of I leaven. Shakspeare LA I LAY LAY 38. To Lay down. To quit; to resign. The soldier being once brought in for the service, I will not have him lay down his arms any more. Spenser. Ambitious conquerors, in their mad career, Check'd by thy >oice, lay down the sword and spear. Blackmore. The story of the tragedy is purely fiction; for I take it up where the history has laid it down. Dryd. 39. To Lay down. To commit to repose. I will lay me down in peace and sleep. Psalms. And they lay themselves down upon clothes laid to pledge by every altar. Amos. We lay us down, to sleep away our cares; night shuts up the sense*. Glanvilte. Some god conduct me to the sacred shades, Or lift me high to Hamus' hilly crown, Or iu the plains of Tempe lay me down. Dryden. 40. To Lay down. To advance as a pro- position. I have laid down, in some measure, the descrip- tion of the old known world. Abbot. Kircher lays it down as a certain principle, that there never was any people so rude, which did not acknowledge and worship one supreme deity. Stilling fleet. I must tat; doten this for your encouragement, that we are no longer now under the heavy yoke of a perfect unsinning obedience. Wake. Plato lays it down as a principle, that whatever is permitted to befal a just man, whether poverty or sickness, shall, either in life or death, conduce to his good. Addison. From the maxims laid down many may conclude, that there had been abuses. Swift. 41. To Lay for. To attempt by ambush, or insidious practices. He embarked, being hardly laid for at sea by Cortug-ogli, a famous pirate. Knolles. 42. To Lay forth. To diffuse; to expa- tiate. O bird! the delight of gods and of men! and so he lays himself forth upon the gracefulness of the raven. L'Estrange. 43. To Lay forth. To place when dead ■ in a decent posture. Embalm me, Then lay me forth; although unqueen'd, yet like A queon, and daughter to a king, inter me. Shaksp. 44. To Lay hold of. To seize; to catch. Then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out. Deuteronomy. Favourable seasons of aptitude and inclination be needfully laid hold of. Locke. 45. To Lay in. To store; to treasure. Let the main part of the ground employed to "■ardens or corn be to a common stock; and laid in, and stored up, and then delivered out in proportion. Bacon. A vessel and provisions laid in large For man and beast, Milton. An equal stock of wit and valour He had iatdin, by birth a taylor. Hudibras. They saw the happiness of a private life, but they thought they had not yet enough to make them happy, they would have more, and laid in to make their solitude luxurious. Drydin. Readers, who are in the flower of their youth, should labour at those accomplishments which may set off their persons when their bloom is gone, and to lay in timely provisions for manhood and old a^e, Addison. 46. To Lay on. To apply with violence. We make no excuses for the obstinate: blows are the proper remedies but blows laid on in a way diilerent from the ordinary. Locke. 47. To Lay open. To show; to expose. Teach me, dear creature, how to think and speak, Lay open to my earthy gross conceit, Smother'd in errors, feeble, shallow, weak, The folded meaning of your word's deceit. Shaksp. A A-oi iaytth open his folly. Proverbs. 48. To Lat over. To incrust; to cover; 57. to decorate superficially. Wo unto him that saith to the wood, Awake; to the dumb stone, Arise, it shall teach: behold, it is laid over with gold and silver, and there is no breath at all iu the midst of it. Habakkuk. 49. To L,ay out. To expend. Fathers are wont to lay up for their sons, Thou for thy sou art bent to lay out all. Milton. Tycho Brahe laid out, besides his time and in- dustry, much greater sums of money on instruments than any man we ever heard of. Boyle. The blood and treasure that's laid out, Is thrown away, and goes for nought. Hudibras. If you can get a good tutor, you will never re- pent the charge; but will always have the satisfac- tion to think it the money, of all other, the best laid out. Locke. I, in this venture, double gains pursue, And laid out all my stock to purchase you. Dryden. My father never at a time like this, Would lay out his great soul in words, and waste Such precious moments. Addison. A melancholy thing to see the disorders of a household that is under the conduct of an angry stateswoman, who lays out all her thoughts upon the publick, and is only attentive to find out miscar- riages in the ministry. Addison. When a man spends his whole life among the stars and planets, or lays out a twelve-mouth on the spots in the sun, however noble his speculations may be, they are very apt to fall into burlesque. Addison. Nature has laid out all her art in beautifying the face; she has touched it with vermilion, planted in it a double row of ivory, and made it the seat of smiles and blushes. Addison. 50. To Lay out. To display; to discover. He was dangerous, and takes occasion to lay out bigotry, and false confidence, in all its colours. Alter bury. 51. To Lay out. To dispose; to plan. The garden is laid out into a grove for fruits, a vineyard, and an allotment for olives and herbs. Notes on the Odyssey. 52. To Lay out. With the reciprocal pronoun, to exert; to put forth. No selfish man will be concerned to lay out him- self for the good of his country. Smalridge. 53. To Lay to. To charge upon. When we began, in courteous manner, to lay his unkindness unfo him, he, seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, went not to de- nial, but to justify his cruel falsehood. Sidney. 54. To Lay to. To apply with vigour. Let children be hired to lay to their bones, From fallow as needeth, to gather up stones. Tusser, We should now lay to our hands to root them up, and cannot tell for what. Oxford. 55. To Lay to. To harass; to attack. The great master having a careful eye over every part of the city, went himself unto the station, which was then hardly laid to by the Bassa Mustapha. Knolles. Whilst he this, and that, and each man's blow, Doth eye, defend, and shift, being laid to sore; Backwards he bears. Daniel. 56. To Lay together. To collect; to bring into one view. If we lay all these things together, and consider the parts, rise, and degrees of his sin, we shall find that it was not for nothing. South. Many people apprehend danger for want of tak- ing the true measure of things, and laying matters rightly together. L'Eslrange. My readers will be very well pleased, to see so many useful hints upon this subject laid togelhtr in so clear and concise a manner. Addison. One series of consequences will not serve the turn, but many different and opposite deductions must be examined, and laid together, before a man can come to make a right judgment of the point in question. j[,ocfo.. To Lay under. To subject to A Roman soul is bent on higher view,. To civilize the rude unpohsh'd world, iddison. And lay it ur.der the restraint of^aws. ,8. To Lay up. To confine to the bed ''CtrenEaestIndies, the general remedy of all S lg t is rubVng with hands til. the Uit, gum, a ;„;„»„. where it was chiefly used, no one was ever *°uble™De' or laid up by that disease. r 59 Tb&Yufi. To store; to treasure; to reposite tor iuture use. St. Paul did will them of the church of Corinth for future use. e church ol uon eve"ry m^'to'layup somewhat by him upon the Sunday, till himself did come thither, to send it to the chuich of Jerusalem for relief of the P^*^c. Those things which at the first are obscure and hard, when memory hath laid them up for a time, judgment afterwards growing explaineth ^em.^ That which remaineth over, lay up to be kept until the morning. ,J n The king must preserve the revenues of his crown without diminution, and lay up treasures in store against a time of extremity. . Bacon. The whole was tilled, and the harvest laid up in several granaries. . "emP**• I will lay up your words for you till time shall serve. . Dryden- This faculty of laying up, and retaining ideas, several other animals have to a great degree, as well as man. Locke. What right, what true, what fit, we justly call, Let this be all my care; for this is all; To lay this harvest up, and hoard with haste What every day will want, and most, the last. Pope. To Lay, la. v. n. 1. To bring eggs. Hens will greedily eat the herb which will make them lay the better. Mortimer. 2. To contrive; to form a scheme. Which mov'd the king, By all the aptest means could be procur'd, To lay to draw him in by any train. Daniel. 3. To Lay about. To strike on all sides; to act with great diligence and vigour. At once he wards and strikes, he takes and pays, Now fore'd to yield, now forcing to invade, Before, behind, and round about him lays. Spen. And laid about in fight more busily, Than th' Amazonian dame Penthesile. Hudibras. In the late successful rebellion, how studiously did they lay about them, to cast a slur upon the king? South. He provides elbow-room enough for his conscience to lay about, and have its full play in. South. 4. To Lay at. To strike; to endeavour to strike. Fiercely the good man did at him lay, The blade oft groaned under the blow. Spenser. The sword of him that layeth at him cannot hold. Job. 5. To Lay in for. To make overtures of oblique invitation. I have laid in for these, by rebating the satire, where justice would allow it, from carrying too sharp an edge. Dryden. 6. To Lay on. To strike; to beat with- out intermission. His heart laid on, as if it try'd To force a passage through his side. Hudibras. Answer, or answer not, 'tis all the same, He lays me on, and makes me bear the blame. Dryden, 7. To Lay on. To act with vehemence: used of expenses. My father has made her mistress i Of the feast, and she lays it on. Shaksp.- LAY L AZ LEA \ To Lay out. To take measures. I made strict enquiry wherever I came, and laid out for intelligence of all places, where the entrails of the earth were laid open. Woodward. 9. To Lay upon. To importune; to re- quest with earnestness and incessantly. Obsolete. All the people laid so earnestly upon him to take that war in hand, that they said they would never bear arms more against the Turks, if he omitted that occasion. Knolles. Lay, la. n. a. [from the verb/] 1. A row; a stratum; a layer; one rank in a series, reckoned upward. A viol should have a lay of wire-strings below, as close to the belly as the lute, and then the strings of guts mounted upon a bridge as in ordinary viols, that the upper strings strucken might make the lower resound. Bacon. Upon this they lay a layer of stone, and upon that a lay of wood. Mortimer. 2. A wager. It is esteemed an even lay, whether any man lives ten years longer: I suppose it is the same, that one of any ten might die within one year. Graunt. Lay, li. n. s. [iey, leag, Saxon; ley, Scotish.J Grassy ground; meadow; ground unploughed, and kept for cat- tle: more frequently, and more proper- ly, written lea. A tuft of daisies on a flow'ry lay They saw. Dryden. The plowing of layes is the first plowing up of grass ground for corn. Mortimer. Lay, la. n. s. [lay, French. It is said originally to signify sorrow or com- plaint, and then to have been transfer- red to poems written to express sorrow. It is derived by the French from lessus, Latin, a funeral song; but it is found likewise in the Teutonick dialect: ley, leo$, Saxon; lecy, Danish.] A song; a poem. It is scarcely used but in poetry. To the maiden's sounding timbrels sung, In well attuned notes, a joyous lay. Fairy Queen. Soon he slumber'd, fearing not be harm'd, The whiles with a loud lay, she thus him sweetly charm'd. Spenser. This is a most majestick vision/ and Harmonious charming- lays. Shakspeare. Nor then the solemn nightingale Ceas'd warbling, but all night tun'd her soft lays. Milton. If Jove's will Have link'd that amorous power to thy soft lay, Now timely sing. Milton. He reach'd the nymph with his harmonious lay, Whom all his charms could not incline to stay. Waller. On Ceres let him call, and Ceres praise With uncouth dances, and with country lays. Dryd, Ev'n gods incline their ravish'd ears, And tune their own harmonious spheres To his immortal lays. Dennis. Lay, la. adj. [laicus, Latin; A«©-\] Not clerical; regarding or belonging to the people as distinct from the clergy. All this they had by law, and none repin'd, The pref'rence was but due to Levi's kiud: But when some lay preferment fell by chance, The Gourmands made it their inheritance. Dryden. Lay persons, married or unmarried, being doctors of the civil law, may be chancellors, officials, &c. Aylijfe. It might well startle Our lay unlearned faith. Rowe. La'ykr, la'ilr.08 n. *. [from lay.] 1. A stratum, or row; a bed; one body spread over another. A layer of rich mould beneath, and about this natural earth to nourish the fibres. Evelyn. The terrestrial matter is disposed into strata or layers, placed one upon another, in like manner as any earthy sediment, settling down from a flood in great quantity, will naturally be. Woodward. 2. A sprig of a plant. Many trees may be propagated by layers: this is to be performed by slitting the branches a little way, and laying them under the mould about half a foot; the ground should be first made very light, and, after they are laid, they should have a little water given them: if they do not comply well in the laying of them down, they must be pegged down with a hook or two; and if they have taken suffi- cient root by the next winter, they must be cut off from the main plants, and planted in the nursery: some twist the branch, or bare the rind; and if it be out of the reach of the ground, they fasten a tub or basket near the branch, which they fill with good mould, and lay the branch in it. Miller. Transplant also carnation seedlings, give your layers fresh earth, and set them in the shade for a week. Evelyn. 3. A hen that lays eggs. The oldest are always reckoned the best sitters, and the youngest the best layers. Mortimer. La'yman, la'man.88 n. s. [lay and man.] 1. One of the people distinct from the clergy. Laymen will neither admonish one another them- selves, nor suffer ministers to do it. G. of the Ton. Since a trust must be, she thought it best To put it out of laymen's power at least, And for their solemn vows prepar'd a priest. Dryd. Where can be the grievance, that an ecclesiasti- cal landlord should expect a third part value for his lands, his title as antient, and as legal, as that of a layman, who is seldom guilty of giving such beneficial bargains? Swift. 2. An image used by painters in contriv- ing attitudes. You are to have a layman almost as big as the life for every figure in particular, besides the natu- ral figure before you. Dryden. La'y stall, la'stal. n. s. A heap of dung. Scarce could he footing find in that foul way, For many corses, like a great lay-stall Of murdered men, which therein strewed lay. Spenser. La'zar, la'zar .*1s n. s. [from Lazarus in the gospel.] One deformed and nau- seous with filthy and pestilential dis- eases. They ever after in most wretched case, Like loathsome lazars, by the hedges lay. Spenser. I'll be sworn, and sworn upon't, she never shrowded any but lazars. Shaksp. 1 am weary with drawing the deformities of life, and lazars of the people, where every figure of im- perfection more resembles me. Dryden. Life he labours to refine Daily, nor of his little stock denies Fit alms to lazars merciful and meek. Philips. La'zar-house, la'zar-house. > n. a. [la- Lazare'tto, la-zar-ret'to. £ zaret, Fr. lazzaretto, Italian; from lazar.] A house for the reception of the diseased; a hospital. A place Before his eyes appear'd, sad, noisome, dark, A lazar-house it seem'd, where were laid Numbers of all diseas'd. Milton. La'zarwort, la'zar-wfirt. n. s. [laserpi- tium.] A plant. La'zily, la'ze-le. adv. [from lazy.] Idly; sluggishly; heavily. Watch him at play, when following his own in- d2 clinations; and see whether he be stirring and ae- tive, or whether he lazily and listlesly dreams away his time. Locke. The eastern nations view the rising fires, Whilst night shades us, and lazily retires. Creech. La'ziness, la'ze-ne's. n. s. [from lazy.] idleness; sluggishness; listlesness; hea- viness in action; tardiness. That instance of fraud and laziness, the unjust steward, who pleaded that he could neither dig nor beg, would quickly have been brought both to dig and to beg too, rather than starve. South. My fortune you have rescued, not only from the power of others, but from my own modesty and la- ziness Dryden. La'zing, la'zlng.410 adj. [from lazy.] Sluggish; idle. The hands and the feet mutinied against the belly: they knew no reason, why the one should be lazing, and pampering itself with the fruit of the other's labour. VEstrange. The sot cried, Utinam hoc esset laborere, while he lay lazing, and lolling upon his couch. South. La'zuli, lazh'6-li. n. s. The ground of this stone is blue, veined and spot- ted with white, and a glistering or metallick yel- low: it appears to be composed of, first, a white sparry, or crystalline matter; secondly, flakes of the golden or yellow talc; thirdly, a shining yel- low substance; this fumes off in the calcination of the stone, and casts a sulphureous smell; fourthly, a bright blue substance, of great use among the painters, under the name of ultramarine; and when rich, is found, upon trial, to yield about one-sixth of copper, with a very little silver. Woodioard. LA'ZY, la'ze. adj. [This word is derived by a correspondent, with great proba- bility, from a I'aise, French; but it is however Teutonick; lijser in Danish, and losigh in Dutch, have the same meaning; and Sflelman gives this ac- count of the word: Dividebantur anti- qui Saxones, ut testatur Nithardus, in tres ordines; Edhilingos, Frilingos et Lazzos; hoc est nobiles, ingenuos et serviles: quam et nos distinctionem diu retinuimus. Sed Ricardo autem se- cundo pars servorum maxima se in li- bertatem vindicavit; sic ut hodie apud Anglos rarior inveniatur servus, qui mancipium dicitur. Restat nihilomi- nus antiquae appellationis commemora- tio. Ignavos enim hodie lazie dicimus.] I. Idle; sluggish; unwilling to work. Our soldiers, like the night-owl's lazy flight, Or like a lazy thrasher with a flail, Fall gently down, as if they struck their friends. Shakspeare. Wicked condemned men will ever live like rogues, and not fall to work, but be lazy, and spend victuals. Bacon. Whose lazy waters without motion lay. Roscom. The lazy glutton safe at home will keep, Indulge his sloth, and batten with his sleep. Dryd. Like Eastern kings a lazy state they keep, And close confin'd in their own palace sleep. Pope. Or lazy lakes unconscious of a flood, Whose dull brown Naiads ever sleep in mud. Parnell. What amazing stupidity is it, for men to be neg- ligent of salvation themselves! to sit down lazy and unactive. Rogers. 2. Slow; tedious. The ordinary method for recruiting their armies, was now too dull and lazy an expedient to lvsist this torrent. _ Ctorendon. Ld. is a contraction of lord. Lea, 16. n. a. [ley, Sax. a fallow; leagj LEA LEA LEA Sax. a pasture.] Ground enclosed, not open. Greatly agast with his pittious plea; Him rested the good man on the lea. Spenser. (ties, most bounteous lady, tin rich leas Of wheat, rye, barley, fetches, oats and peas. Shakspeare. Her fallow leas The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory Doth root upon. Shaksp. Dry up thy harrow'd veins, and plough torn leas, Whereof ungrateful man with liquYish draughts, And morsels unctuous, greases his pure mind. Shakspeare- Such court guise, As Mercury did first devise, With the mincing Dryades, On the lawns, and on the leas. Milton. The lowing herds wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray. LEAD, led.33* n. a. [laeb, Saxon.] I. Lead is the heaviest metal except gold and quicksilver. Lead is the softest of all the metals, and very ductile, though less so than gold: it is very little sub- ject to rust, and the least sonorous of all the metals except gold. The spe- cifick gravity of lead is to that of water as 11,322 to 1,000. Ltud, when kept in fusion over a common fire, throws up all other bodies, except gold, that are mixed, ail others being lighter, except Mercury, which will no* bear that de- gree of heat: it afterwards vitrifies with the baser metals, and carries them off in form of scoriae, to the sides of the vessel. The weakest acids are the best solvents for lead: it dissolves very rea- dily in aqua fortis diluted with water, as also in vinegar. The smoke of lead works is a prodigious annoyance, and subjects both the workmen, and the cattle that graze about them, to a mor- tal disease. Hill. Thou art a soul in bliss, but I am bound Upon a wheel of fire; that mine own tears Do scald like molten lead. Shaksp. Offend, some I can shew you so like steel, and so unlike common lead ore, that the workmen call it steel ore. Boyle. Lead is employed for the refining of gold and ■silver by the cupel; hereof is made common ceruss with vinegar; of ceruss, red lead; of plumbum us- tum, the best yellow ochre; of lead, and half as much tin, solder for lead. Grew. 2, [In the plural.] Flat roof to walk on; because houses are covered with lead. Stalls, bulks, windows, Are smother'd up, leads fill'd, and ridges hors'd With variable complexions; all agreeing In earnestness to see him. Shaksp. I would have the tower two stories, and goodly leads upon the top, raised with statues interposed. Bacon. To Lead, l£d- v. a. [from the noun.] To fit with lead in any manner. He fashioneth the clay with his arm, he applieth himself to lead it over; and he is diligent to make clean the furnace. Ecclesiasticus. There is a traverse placed in a loft, at the right hand of the chair, with a privy door, and a carved window of glass leaded with gold and blue, where the mother sitteth. Bacon. To Lead, lede. v. a. preter. / led; part. led. [laeban, Saxon; teiden, Dutch.] 1. To guide by the hand. There is a cliff, whose high and bending head Looks fearfully on the confined deep: Bring me but to the very brim of it, And I'll repair the misery thou dost bear, With something rich about me: from that place I shall no leading need. Shaksp. Doth not each on the Sabbath loose his ox or his ass from the stall, and lead him away to watering? Luke. They thrust him out of the city, and led him un- to the brow of the hill. Luke. 2. To conduct to any place. Save to every man his wife and children, that they may lead them away, and depart. 1 Samuel. Then brought he me out of the way, and led me about the way without unto the utter gate. Ezekiel. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he leadeth me beside the still waters. Psalms. 3. To conduct as head or commander. Would you lead forth your army against the ene- my, and seek him where he is to fight? Spenser. He turns head against the lion's armed jaws; And being no more in debt to years than thou, Leads antient lords, and rev'rend bishops, on To bloody battles. Shaksp. If thou wilt have The leading of thy own revenges, take One half of my commission, and set down As best thou art experiene'd. Shaksp. He led me on to mightiest deeds, Above the nerve of mortal arm, Against the uncircumcis'd, our enemies: But now hath cast me off. Milton, Christ took not upon him flesh and blood, that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies, or pos- sess places. South. He might muster his family up, and lead them out against the Indians, to seek reparation upon any injury. Locke. 4. To introduce by going first. Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in. Numbers. His guide, as faithful from that day, As Hesperus that leads the sun his way. Fairfax. 5. To guide; to show the method of at- taining. Human testimony is not so proper to lead us into the knowledge of the essence of things, as to ac- quaint us with the existence of things. Watts. 6. To draw; to entice; to allure. Appoint him a meeting, give him a shew of com- fort, and lead him on with a fine baited delay. Shakspeare. The lord Cottington, being a master of temper, knew how to lead him into a mistake, and then drive him into cboler, and then expose him. Clarendon. 7. To induce; to prevail on by pleasing motives. What I did, I did in honour, Led by th' impartial conduct of my soul. Shaksp. He was driven by the necessities of the times, more than led by his own disposition, to any rigour of actions. King Charles. What I say will have little influence on those whose ends lead them to wish the continuance of the war. Swift. 8. To pass; to spend in any certain manner. The sweet woman leads an ill life with him. Shakspeare. So shall thou lead Safest thy life, and best prepar'd endure Thy mortal passage when it comes. Milton. Him, fair Lavinia, thy surviving wife Shall breed in groves, to lead a solitary life. Dryd. Luther's life was led up to the doctrines he preach- ed, and his death was the death of the righteous. F. Atterbury. Celibacy, as then practised in the church of Rome, was commonly forced, taken up under a bold vow, and led in all uncleanness. F. Atterbury. This distemper is most incident to such as lead a sedentary life. Arbuthnot. To Lead, lede.227 v. n. \. To go first, and show the way. I will lead on softly, according as the cattte that eoeth before me, and the children, be able to en- dure. , Genesis' 2. To conduct as a commander. Cyrus was beaten and slain under the leading of a woman, whose wit and conduct made a great fi- gure. TemPle- i. To show the way, by going first. He left his mother a countess by patent, which was a new leading example, grown before some- what rare. Wotton. The way of maturing of tobacco must be from the heat of the earth or sun; we see some leading of this in musk-melons sown upon a hot-bed dunged below. Bacon. The vessels heavy-laden put to sea With prosp'rous gales, a woman leads the way. Dryden. Lead, lede. n. s. [from the verb] Guid- ance; first place: a low despicable word. Yorkshire takes the lead of the other counties. Herring. LE'ADEN,led'd'n.103334arf/'. [leaben, Sax.] I. Made of lead. This tiger-footed rage, when it shall find The harm of unskann'd swiftness, will, too late, Tye leaden pounds to 's heels. Shaksp. O murth'rous slumber! Lay'st thou the leaden mace upon my boy, That plays thee musick? Shaksp. A leaden bullet shot from one of these guns against a stone wall, the space of twenty-four paces from it, will be beaten into a thin plate. Wilkins. 2. Heavy; unwilling; motionless. If thou do'st find him tractable to us, Encourage him, and tell him all our reasons: If he be leaden, icy, cold, unwilling, Be thou so too. Shaksp. 3. Heavy; dull. I'll strive with troubled thoughts to take a nap; Lest leaden slumber poize me down to-morrow, When I should mount with wings of victory. Shaks, Le'ader, le'dur.98 n. a. [from lead.] 1. One that leads, or conducts. 2. Captain; commander. In my tent I'll draw the form and model of our battle, Limit each leader to his several charge, And part in just proportion our small strength. Shakspeare. I have given him for a leader and commander to the people. Isaiah. Those escaped by flight, not without a sharp jest against their leaders, affirming, that, as they had followed them into the field, so it was good reason they should follow them out. Hayward. When our Lycians see Our brave examples, they admiring say, Behold our gallant leaders. Denham. The brave leader of the Lycian crew. Dryden. 3. One who goes first. Nay, keep your way, little gallant; you were wont to be a follower, now you are a leader. Shaksp. 4. One at the head of any party or faction: as, the detestable Wharton was the lead- er of the whigs. The understandings of a senate are enslaved by three or four leaders, set to get or to keep emplov- ments- Lift. Le'ading, le''ding.*™ participial adj. Prin- cipal; chief; capital. In organized bodies, which are propagated by seed, the shape is the leading quality, and most cha- racteristical part, that determines the species. Mistakes arise from the influence of private per- sons, upon great numbers stiled leading men and _ Parties- Swift. Leading-strings, le'ding-stringz. n. s. [lead and string.] Strings by which LEA LEA LEA children, when they learn to walk, are held from falling. Sound may serve such, ere they to sense are grown, Like leading-strings, till they can walk alone. Dryden. Was he ever able to walk without leading-strings, or swim without bladders, without being discovered by his hobbling and his sinking? Swift. Le'adman, lede'mau. n. s. [/ear/and man.] One who begins or leads a dance. Such a light and mettled dance Saw you never, And by leadmen for the nonce, That turn round like grindle stones. Ben Jonson. Le'adwort, led'wurt.234 n. s. [plumbago.] A plant. LEAF, lefe.22? n. s. leaves, plural, [leap, Saxon; leaf, Dutch.] I. The green deciduous parts of plants and flowers. This is the state of man; to-day he puts forth The tender leaves of hopes, to-morrow blossoms. Shakspeare. A man shall seldom fail of having cherries borne by his graft the same year in which his incision is made, if his graft have blossom buds; whereas if it were only leaf buds, it will not bear fruit till the se- cond season. Boyle. Those things which are removed to a distant view, ought to make but one mass: as the leaves on the trees, and the billows in the sea. Dryden. 2. A part of a book, containing two pages. Happy ye leaves, when as those lily hands Spenser. Sicift. Shall handle you Peruse my leaves through ev'ry part, And think thou seest my owner's heart Scrawl'd o'er with trifles. 3. One side of a double door. The two leaves of the one door were folding. 1 Kings. 4. Any thing foliated, or thinly beaten. Eleven ounces two pence sterling ought to be of so pure silver, as is called leaf silver, and then the melter must add of other weight seventeen pence halfpenny farthing. Camden. Leaf gold, that flies in the air as light as down, is as truly gold as that in an ingot. Digby. To Leaf, lefe. v. n. [from the noun.] To bring leaves; to bear leaves. Most trees fall off the leaves at autumn; and if not kept back by cold, would leaf about the solstice. Brown. Le'afless, leTe'l£s. adj. [from leaf] Na- ked of leaves. Bare honesty, without some other adornment, be- ing looked on as a leafless tree, nobody will take him- self to its shelter. God. of the Tongue. Where doves in flocks the leafless trees o'ershade, And lonely woodcocks haunt the wat'iy glade. Pope. Le'afy, l£'f£. adj. [from leaf] Full of leaves. The frauds of men were ever so, Since summer was first leafy. Shaksp. What chance, good lady, hath bereft you thus? t—Dim darkness, and this leafy labyrinth. Milton. O'er barren mountains, o'er the flow'ry plain, The leafy forest, and the liquid main, Extends thy uncontroul'd and boundless reign. Dryd. Her leafy arms with such extent were spread, That hosts of birds, that wing the liquid air, Perch'd in the boughs. Dryden. So when some swelt'ring travellers retire To leafy shades, near the cool suuless verge Of Paraba, Brasilian stream; her tail A grisly hydra suddenly shoots forth. Philips. League, l^eg."7 n. s. [tigue, French; li- go, Latin.] A confederacy; a combina- tion either of interest or friendship. You peers, continue this united league: I every day expect an embassage From my Redeemer, to redeem me hence. And now in peace my soul shall part to heav'n, Since I have made my friends at peace on earth. Sltakspeare. We come to be informed by yourselves, What the conditions of that league must be. Shaks. Thou shalt be in league with the stones of the field; and the beasts of the field shall be at peace with thee. Job. Go break thy league with Baasha, that he may depart from me. 2 Chronicles. It is a great error, and a narrowness of mind, to think, that nations have nothing to do one with an- other, except there be either an union in sovereign- ty, or a conjunction in pacts or leagues: there are other bands of society and implicit confederations. Bacon. I, a private person, whom my country As a league breaker gave up bound, presum'd Single rebellion, and did hostile acts. Milton. Oh Tyrians, with immortal hate Pursue this hated race; and let there be 'Twixt us and them no league nor amity. Denham. To League, leeg. v. n. To unite on cer- tain terms;, to confederate. Where fraud and falsehood invade society the band presently breaks, and men are put to a loss where to league and to fasten their dependances. South League, le£g. n. s. [lieue, Fr.] I. A league; leuca, Latin; from lech, Welsh; a stone that was used to be erected at the end of every league. Camden. 2. A measure of length, containing three miles. Ere the ships could meet by twice five leagues, We were encount'red by a mighty rock. Shaksp. Ev'n Italy, though many a league remote, In distant echoes answer'd. Addison. Le'agued, leeg'd.358 adj. [from league.] Confederated. And now thus leagu'd by an eternal bond, What shall retard the Britons bold designs? Phil. Le'aguer, le'gur.98 n. 8. [beleggeren, Dutch.] Siege; investment of a town. We will bind and hoodwink him so, that he shall suppose no other but that he is carried into the leaguer of the adversaries, when we bring him to our own tents. Shaksp. LEAK, leke.23? n. s. [leek, leke, Dutch.] A breach or hole which lets in water. There will be always evils, which no art of man can cure; breaches and lealcs more than mau's wit hath hands to stop. Hooker. The water rushes in, as it doth usually in the leak of a ship. Wilkins. Whether she sprung a leak I cannot find, Or whether she was overset with wind, Or that some rock below her bottom rent, But down at once with all her crew she went. Dryd. To Leak, leke. v. n. I. To let water in or out. They will allow us ne'er a Jordan, and then we leak in your chimney. Shaksp. His feet should be washed every day in cold wa- ter; and have his shoes so thin, that they might leak, and let in water. Locke. 2. To drop through a breach, or discon- tinuity. The water, which will perhaps by degrees leak in- to several parts, may be emptied out again. Wilkins. Golden stars hung o'er their heads, And seem'd so crowded, that they burst upon 'em, And dart at once their baleful influence In leaking fire. Dryden. Leakage, le'kldje."0 n. s. [from leak.] Allowance made for accidental loss in liquid measures. Le'aky, le'ke. adj. [from leak.] 1. Battered or pierced, so as to let water in or out. Thou 'rt so leaky, That we must leave thee to thy sinking; for Thy dearest quit thee. Shaksp. If you have not enjoy'd what youth could give, But life sunk through you like a leaky sieve, Accuse yourself, you liv'd not while you might. Dryden. 2. Loquacious; not close. Women are so leaky, that I have hardly met witfc one that could not hold her breath longer than she could keep a secret. L'Estrange. To Lean, lene-2a7 338 v. n. preter. leaned or leant, [hlman, Saxon; lenen, Dutch.] I. To incline against; to rest against. Lean thine aged back against mine arm, And in that case I'll tell thee my disease. Sliaksp. Security is expressed among the medals of G'or- dianus, by a lady leaning against a pillar, a sceptre in her hand, before an altar. Peacham. The columns may be allowed somewhat above their ordinary length, because they lean unto so good supporters. Wotton. Upon his iv'ry sceptre first he leant, Then shook his head, that shook the firmament. Dryden. Oppress'd with anguish, panting and o'erspent, His fainting limbs against an oak he leant. Dryd. If God be angry, all our other dependencies will profit us nothing; every other support will fail under us when we come to lean upon it, and deceive us in the day when we want it most. Rogers. Then leaning o'er the rails he musing stood. Gay. 'Mid the central depth of black'ning woods, High rais'd in solemn theatre around Leans the huge elephant. Thomson. 2. To propend; to tend toward. They delight rather to lean to their old customs, though they be more unjust, and more inconvenient. Spenser. Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. Proverbs. A desire leaning to either side, biasses the judg- ment strangely. Watts. 3. To be in a bending posture. She leans me out at her mistress's chamber win- dow, bids me a thousand times good night. Shaksp. Wearied with length of ways, and worn with toil, She laid her down; and leaning on her knees, Invok'd the cause of all her miseries. Dryden. The gods came downward to behold the wars, Sharp'ning their sights, and leaning from their stars. Dryden. Lean, lene.s2? adj. [hlsene, Saxon.] 1. Not fat; meager; wanting flesh; bare- boned. You tempt the fury of my three attendants, Lean famine, quartering steel, and climbing fire. Shaksp. Lean raw-bon'd rascals! who would e'er suppose, They had such courage and audacity! Shaksp. Lean-look'd prophets whisjer fearful change. Shaksp. I would invent as bitter searching terms, Wilh full as many signs of deadly hate, As ka?i-fac'd envy in her loathsome cave. Shaky. Seven other kine came up out of the river, ill- favoured and Jean-fleshed. Genesis. Let a physician beware how he purge after hard frosty weather, and in a lean body, without prepa- ratiAon; , Bacon. And fetch their precepts from the cynic tub, Praising the lean, and sallow, abstinence. Milton. Swear that Adrastus, and the Zeun-look'd prophet Are joint conspirators. Drtiden'. Lean people often suffer for want of fat. as fat people may by obstruction of the vessels. Arb. "> LE A LEA LEA No laughing irraces wanton in my eyes; But uaj^er'd gntf, /can-looking sallow care, Dwell on my brow. Roue's Jane Shore. 2. Not unctuous; thin; hungry. There arc two chief kinds of terrestrial liquors, those that are fat and light, and those that arc lean and more earthy, like common water. Burnet. 3. Low; poor: in opposition to great or rich. That which combin'd us was most great, and let not A leaner action rend us. Shaksp. 4. Jejune; not comprehensive; not em- bellished: as, a lean dissertation. Lean, lene. n. s. That part of flesh which consists oftlie muscle without the fat. With razors keen we cut our passage clean Through rills of fat, and deluges of lean. Farquhar. Le'anly, l^ne'le. adv. [from lean.] Mea- gerly; without plumpness. Le'anness, lene'n£s. n. s. [from lean.] I. Extenuation of body; want of flesh; mcagerness. If thy leanness love such food, There are those, that, for thy sake, Do enough. Ben Jonson. The symptoms of too great fluidity are excess of universal secretions, as of perspirations, sweat, urine, liquid dejectures, leanness, and weakness. Arbuth. 2. Want of matter; thinness; poverty. The poor king Reignier, whose large style Agrees not with the leanness of his purse. Shaksp- To Leap, lepe.239 v. n. [hleapan, Sax. loup, Scotish.] 1. To jump; to move upward or progres- sively without change of the feet. If I could win a lady at leap-frog, or by vaulting into my saddle with my armour on, I should quickly leap into a wife. Shaksp. A man leapeth better with weights in his hands than without; for that the weight, if it be propor- tionable, strengtheneth the sinews by contracting them. In leaping with weights, the arms are first cast backwards and then forwards with so much the greater force; for the hands go backward before they take their rise. Bacon. In a narrow pit He saw a lion, and leap'd down to it. Cowley. Thrice from the ground she leap'd, was seen to wield Her brandish'd lance. Dryden. 2. To rush with vehemence. God changed the spirit of the king into mildness, who in a fear leaped from his throne, and took her in his arms, till she came to herself again. Esther. After he went into the tent, and found her not, he leaped out to the people. Judith. He ruin upon ruin heaps, And on me, like a furious giant, leaps. Sandys. Strait leaping from his horse, he rais'd me up. Rowe. 3. To bound; to spring. Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy. Luke. I am warm'd, my heart Leaps at the trumpet's voice, and burns for glory. Addison. 4. To fly; to start- He parted frowning from me, as if ruin Leap'd from his eyes: so looks the chafed lion Upon the daring huntsman that has gall'd him; Then makes him nothing. Shaksp. Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. Job. To Leap, lepe.238 v. n. I. To pass over, or into, by leaping. Every man is not of a constitution to leap a gulf for the saving of his country. L'Estrange. As one condemn'd to leap a precipice, 2. Who sees before his eyes the depth below, Sioj^ short. Dryden. She dares pursue if they dare lead: As their example still prevails, She tempts the stream, or leaps the pales. Prior. To compress, as beasts. Too soon they must not feel the sting of love: Let him not leap the cow. Dryden. Leap, lepe. n. 8. [from the verb.] I. Bound; jump; act of leaping. 2. Space passed by leaping. After they have earned their riders safe over all leaps, and through all dangers, what comes of them in the end but to be broken-winded? VEstrange. 3. Sudden transition. Wickedness comes on by degrees, as well as vir- tue, and sudden leaps from one extreme to another are unnatural. L'Estrange. The commons wrested even the power of chusing a king intirelyout of the hands of the nobles; which was so great a leap, and caused such a convulsion in the state, that the constitution could not bear. Swift. 4. An assault of an animal of prey. The cat made a (tap at the mouse. L'Estrange. Embrace of animals. How she cheats her bellowing lover's eye; The rushing leap, the doubtful progeny. Dryden. 6. Hazard, or effect of leaping. Methinks, it were an easy leap To pluck bright honour from the pale-fac'd moon. Shaksp. You take a precipice for no leap of danger, And woo your own destruction. Shaksp. Behold that dreadful downfal of a rock, Where yon old fisher views the waves from high! 'Tis the convenient leap I mean to try. Dryden. Leap-frog, lepe'fr6g. n. s. [leap and frog.] A play of children, in which they imitate the jump of frogs. If I could win a lady at leap-frog, I should quick- ly leap into a wife. Shaksp. Leap-year, l£pe'yere. n. 8. Leap-year or bissextile is every fourth year, and so called from its leaping a day more that year than in a common year, so that the common year has 365 days, but the leap-year 366; and then February hath 2y days, which in common years hath but 28. To find the leap-year you have this rule: Divide by 4; what 's left shall be For leap-year 0; for past 1, 2, 3. Harris. The reason of tht name of leap-year is, that a day of the week is missed; as, if on one year the first of March be on Monday, it will on the next year be on Tuesday, but on leap-year it will leap to Wednes- day. That the sun consisteth of 365 days and almost six hours, wanting eleven minutes; which six hours omitted will, in process of time, largely deprave the compute; and this is the occasion of the bissextile or leap-year. Brown. To LEARN, ldrn.234v.a. [leopman, Sax.] 1. To gain the knowledge or skill of. learn a parable of the fig-tree. Matthew. He in a shorter time than was thought possible, learned both to speak and write the Arabian tongue. Knolles. Learn, wretches! learn, the motions of the mind, And the great mora) end of human kind. Dryden. You may rely upon my tender care, To keep him far from perils of ambition: All he can learn of me, will be to weep! A. Philips. 2. To teach. [It is observable, that in many of the European languages the same word signifies to learn and to teach; to gain or impart knowledge.] This sense is now obsolete. He would learn The lion stoop to him in lowly wise A lesson hard. Spenser Shaksp. To take pattern; You taught me language, and my profit on Is, I know how to curse the red plague ml you For learning me your language * A thousand more mischances than this onc- Have learn'diuc how to brook this paUently. Shak. Hast thou not learn'd me how To make perfumes? To Learn, ldrn. v. n. with of. . Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; tor 1 am meek and lowly. u *<**«?- In imitation of sounds, that Man should be the teacher is no part of the matter; for birds wilUearn one of another. Bacon- Le'arned, ler'ned.363 adj. [from learn.] 1. Versed in science and literature. It is indifferent to the matter in hand, which way the learned shall determine of it. Locke. Some by old words to fame have made pretence: Such labour'd nothings, in so strange a style, Amaze th' unlearn'd, and make the learned smile. Pope, The learned met with free approach, Although they came not in a coach. Swift.. The best account is given of them by their own authors: but 1 trust more to the table of the /earned bishop of Bath. Arbuthnot. , Skilled; skilful; knowing: with in. Though train'd in arms, and learn'd in martial arts, Thou chusest not to conquer men but hearts. Gran. . Skilled in scholastick, as distinct from other knowledge. Till a man can judge whether they be truths or no, his understanding is but little improved: and thus men of much reading are greatly learned, but may be little knowing. Locke. I.E'AKNEDLY,leVn£d-le adv. [from learn- ed.] With knowledge; with skill. The apostle seemed in his eyes but learnedly mad. Hooker. Much He spoke, and learnedly, for life; but all Was either pitied in him, or forgotten. Shaksp. Ev'ry coxcomb swears as learnedly as they. Swift. Le'arning, ler'ning.*1' n. s. [from learn.] 1. Literature; skill in languages or scien- ces; generally scholastick knowledge. Learning hath its infancy, when it is almost child- ish; then its youth, when luxuriant and juvenile; then its strength of years, when solid; and, lastly, its old age, when dry and exhaust. Bacon. To tongue or pudding thou hast no pretence, Learning thy talent is, but mine is sense. Prior. As Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, so it is manifest from this chapter, that St. Paul was a great master in all the learning of the Greeks. Benlley. Skill in any thing good or bad. An art of contradiction by way of scorn, a learn- ing wherewith we were long sithence forewarned, that the miserable times whereunto we are fallen should abound. Hooker. Le'arner, ler'nur. n. s. [from learn.] One who is yet in his rudiments; one who is acquiring some new art or know- ledge. The late learners cannot so well take the ply, ex- cept it be in some minds that have not suffered themselves to fix. Bacon. Nor can a /earner work so cheap as a skilful practised artist can. Grown*. LEASE, lese.227 n. a. [laiaser, French; Spehnan.] 1. A contract by which, in consideration of some payment, a temporary posses- sion is granted of houses or lands. Why, cousin, wer't thou regent of the world, It were a shame to let this land by lease. Shaksp. LEA LEA LEA Lords of the world have but for life their fcase, And that too, if the lessor please, must cease. Den. I have heard a man talk with contempt of bish- op's teases, as on a worse foot than the rest of his estate. Swift. 2. Any tenure. Our high-plac'd Macbeth Shall live the lease of nature. Shaksp. Thou to give the world increase, Short'ned hast thy own life's lease. Milton. To Lease, i6se. v. a. [from the noun.] To let by lease. Where the vicar leases his glebe, the tenant must pay the great tithes to the rector or impropriator, and the small tithes to the vicar. Ayliffe. To Lease, leze.247 v. n. [lesen, Dutch.] To glean; to gather what the harvest- men leave. She in harvest us'd to lease; But harvest done, to chare-work did aspire, Meat, drink, and two-pence was her daily hire. Dryden. Le'aser, le'zvir. n. a. [from lease.] Glean- er; gatherer after the reaper. There was no office which a man from England might not have; and 1 looked upon all who were born here as only in the condition of leasers and gleaners. Swift. LEASH, leesh.337 n. s. [lesse, French; let8e, Dutch; laccio, Italian.] 1. A leather thong, by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a courser leads his greyhound. Hanmer. Holding Corioli in the name of Rome, Even like a fawning greyhound in the leash, To let him slip at will. Shaksp, What I was, I am; More straining on, for plucking back; not following My leash unwillingly. Shaksp. 2. A tierce; three. I am sworn brother to a leash of drawers, and can call them all by their christian names. Shaksp. Some thought when he did gabble Th' ad heard three labourers of Babel, Or Cerberus himself pronounce A leash of languages at once. Hudibras. Thou art a living comedy; they are a leash of dull devils. Dennis. 3. A band wherewith to tie any thing in general. The ravished soul being shewn such game, would break those leashes that tic her to the body. Boyle. To Leash, 16esh. v. a. [from the noun.] To bind; to hold in a string. Then should the warlike Harry, like himself, Assume the port of Mars; and, at his heels, Leasht in like hounds, should famine, sword, and fire, Crouch for employment. Shaksp. Le'asixg, 16'zing.227 *10 n. s. [leaj*e, Sax.] Lies; falsehood. 0 ye sons of men, how long will ye have such pleasure in vanity, and seek after leasing? Psalms. He 'mongst ladies would their fortunes read Out of their hands, and merry leasings tell. Hubb. He hates foul leasings and vile flattery, Two filthy blots in noble gentery. Hubberd. That false pilgrim which that {easing told, Was indeed old Archimago. Fairy Qjieen. I have c.er verified my friends With all the size that verity Would without lapsing suffer: nay, sometimes, Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground I've tumbled past the throw; and in his praise Have almost stampt the leasing. Shaksp. As folks, qnoth Richard, prone to leasing, Say things at first, because they're pleasing; Then prove what they have (nc asserted, Nor care to have their \w desert*^: iuuu mail uia uuc auusc ui n. j. ujh.. >leest'. ") To say t, at-THA-le£st'. y no more; se, at-leest'wize. J not to de- Till their own dreams at length deceive them, And oft repeating they believe them. Prior. Trading free shall thrive again, Nor leasings lewd aifi-igbt tfao •wain. Gay. Least, leest.227 adj. the superlative of lit- tle, [laerc, Saxon. This word Wallh would persuade us to write lest, tiiat it may be analogous to less; but surely the profit is not worth the change.] Little beyond others; smallest. I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies shewed to thy servant. Genesis. A man can no more have a positive idea of the greatest than he has of the least space. Locke. Lkast, l£est. adv. In the lowest degree; in a degree below others; less than any other way. He resolv'd to wave bis suit, Or for a while play least in sight. Hudibras. Ev'n that avert; I chuse it not; But taste it as the least unhappy lot. Dryden. No man more truly knows to place a right value on your friendship, than he who {east deserves it on all other accounts than his due sense of it. Pope. At Least, at-l£est'. At the Least At Leastwise mand or affirm more than is barely suf- ficient; at the lowest degree. He who tempts, though in vain, at least asperses The tempted with dishonour. Milton. He from my side subducting, took perhaps More than enough; at least on her bestowed Too much of ornament, in outward show Elaborate, of inward less exact. Milton. Upon the mast they saw a young man, at least if he were a man, who sat as on horseback. Sidney. Eveiy effect doth after a sort contain, at leastwise resemble, the cause from which it proceedeth. Hooker. Honour and fame at least the thund'rer ow'd, And ill he pays the promise of a God. Pope. The remedies, if any, are to be proposed from a constant course of the milken diet, continued at least a year. Temple. A fiend may deceive a creature of more excel- lency than himself, at least by the tacit permission of the Omniscient Being. Dryden. 2. It has a sense implying doubt; to say no more; to say the least; not to say all that might be said. Whether such virtue spent now fail'd New angels to create, if they at least Are his created. Milton. Let useful observations be at least some part of the subject of your conversation. Watts. Le'asy, le'se. adj. [This word seems formed from the same root with loi&ir, French, or loose.] Flimsy; of weak tex- ture. Not in use. He never leaveth, while the sense itself be left loose and leasy. Ascham. Le'ather, l&TH'ftr.98 3341 n. s. [lefcep., Saxon; leadr, Erse.] I. Dressed hides of animals. He was a hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about his loins. 2 Kings. And if two boots keep out the weather, What need you have two hides of leather? Prior. 2. Skin: ironically. Returning sound in limb and wind, Except some leather lost behind. Swift. It is often used in composition for lea- thern. The shepherd's homely curds, His cold thin drink out of his leather bottle; Is far beyond a prince's delicacies. Shaksp, LE'ATHERcoATjleTH'ur-kote. n. s. [leather and coat.] An apple with a tough rind. There is a dish of teathercoats for you. Shaksp. Le'athf.hdrksskr, l6TH'ur-dreVsu.r. n. «. [leather and dresser.] He who prepares leather; he who manufactures hides for use. He removed to Cumae; and by the way was en- tertained at the house of one Tichius, a leathenlrcs- ser. Pope. Leather-mouthed, leiH'ur-moitTH'd. adj. [leather and mouth.] By a leather-mouth'd fish, 1 mean such as have their teeth in their throat; as, the chub or cheven. Walton. Le'athern, le'Tn'urn. adj. [from leather.] Made of leather. I saw her hand; she has a leathern hand, A free-stone colour'dhand: I verily did think That her old gloves were on. Shaksp. The wretched auimal heav'd forth such groans, That their discharge did stretch his leathern coat Almost to bursting. Shaksp. In silken or in leathern purse retain A splendid shilling. Philips. Le'atherseller, leTH'iir-seTlur. n. s. [leather and seller.] He who deals in leather and vends it. Lk'atherv, leTH'ur-e. adj. [from lea- ther.] Resembling leather. Wormius calls this crust a leathery skin. Grew. Leave, i£ve.227 n. s. [lepe, Saxon; from lypan, to grant.] 1. Grant of liberty; permission; allowance. By your leave, Ireneus, notwithstanding all this your careful foresight, methinks I see an evil lurk unespied. Spenser. When him his dearest Una did behold, Disdaining life, desiring Zeare to dye. Spenser. I make bold to press upon you. —You're welcome; give us leave, drawer. Shaksp. The days Of Sylla's sway, when the free sword took leave To act all that it would. Ben Jonsoiii Thrice happy snake! that in her sleeve May boldly creep; we dare not give Our thoughts so unconfin'd a leave. Waller. No friend has leave to bear away the dead. Dryd. Offended that we fought without his leave, He takes this time his secret hate to shew. Dryden. One thing more I crave leave to offer about syllo- gism, before I leave it. Locke. I must have leave to be grateful to any who stives me, let him be never so obnoxious to any parly: nor did the tory party put me to the hardship of asking this leave. Pope. 2. Farewel; adieu. In this sense leave is permission to depart. Take leave and part, for you must part forthwith. Shakfp Evils that take leave, On their departure, most of all show evil. Shaksp. There is further compliment of Zeare taking be- tween France and him. Sliaksp. Here my father comes; A double blessing is a double grace; Occasion smiles upon a second leave. Shaksp. But my dear nothings, take your Zeare, No longer must you me deceive. Suckling. Many stars may be visible in our hemisphere, that are not so at present; and many shall tike leave of our horizon, and uppear unto southern habita- tions. Brown. To Leave, leve. v. a. pret. I left; I have left. [Of the derivation of this word tlue etymologists give no satisfactory ac- count.] 1. To quit; to forsake. A man shall Zeare his father and his mother, and cleave unto bis wife. Geney,: L E A LEA LEC If diey love lees, and leave the lusty wine, Envy them not their palates with the swine. Ben Jonson. 2. To desert; to abandon. ... He that is of an unthankful mind, will leave him in danger that delivered him. Ecclesiasticus. IT. To depart from, without action: as, 1 left things as I found them. When they were departed from him, they left him in great diseases. 2 Chronicles. 4. To have remaining at death. There be of them that have left a name behind them. Ecclesiasticus. 5. Not to deprive of. They still have left me the providence of God, and all the promises of the g*pi;l, and my charity to them too. Taylor. 6. To suffer to remain. If it be done without order, the mind compre- hendeth less that'wbich is set down; and besides, it leaveth a suspicion, as if more might be said than is expressed. Bacon. These things must be left uncertain to farther discoveries in future ages. Abbot. Who those are, to whom this right by descent be- longs, he leaves out of the reach of any one to dis- cover from his writings. Locke. 7. Not to carry away. They encamped against them, and destroyed the increase of the earth, and left no sustenance for Is- rael. Judges. He shall eat the fruit of thy cattle; which also shall not leave thee either corn, wine, or oil. Deut. Vastius gave strict commandment, that they should leave behind them unnecessary baggage. Knolles' History. 8. To reject; not to choose. In all the common incidents of life, I am superiour, I can take or leave. Steele. 9. To fix as a token or remembrance. This I leave with my reader, as an occasion for him lo consider, how much he may be beholden to experience. Locke. 10. To bequeath; to give as inheritance. That peace thou leav'st to thy imperial line, That peace, O happy shade! be ever thine. Dryd. 11. To give up; to resign. Thou shalt not glean thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and the stranger. Leviticus. If a wise man were left to himself, and his own choice, to wish the greatest good to himself he could devise; the sum of all his wishes would be this. That there were just such a being as God is. Tillotson. 12. To permit without interposition. Whether Esau were a vassal, I leave the reader to judge. Locke. 13. To cease to do; to desist from. Let us return, lest my father leave caring for the asses, and take thought for us. 1 Samuel. 14. To Leave off. To desist from; to forbear. If, upon any occasion, you bid him leave off the doing of any thing, you must be sure to carry the point. Locke. In proportion as old age came on, he left off fox- hunting. Spectator. 15. To Leave off. To forsake. He began to leave off some of his old acquaint- ance, his roaring and bullying about the streets: he put on a serious air. Arbuthnot. 16. To Leave out. To omit; to neglect. I am so fraught with curious business, that I Zeare out ceremony. Shaksp. You may partake: I have told 'em who you are. —I should be loth to be left out, and here too. Ben Jonson. What is set down by order and division doth de- monstrate, that nothing is left out or omitted, but all is there. JSacon. Befriend till utmost end Of all thy dues be done, and none left out, Ere nice morn on the Indian steep From her cabin loop-hole peep. JtfiZton. We ask, if those subvert Reason's cstablish'd maxims, who assert That we the world's existence may conceive Though we one atom out of matter leave? Blackm. I always thought this passage left out with a great deal of judgment, by Tun i and Varius, as it seems to contradict a part in the sixth JEneid. Addison. To Leave, leve. v. n. I. To cease; to desist. She is my essence, and I Zeare to be, If I be not by her fair influence Foster'd, illumin'd, cherish'd, kept alive. Shaksp. And since this business so far fair is done, Let us not leave till all our own be won. Shaksji. He began at the eldest, and left at the youngest. Genesis. 2. To Leave off. To desist. Grittus, hoping that they in the castle would not hold out, left off to batter or undermine it, where- with he perceived he little prevailed. Knolles. But when you find that vigorous heat abate, Leave off, and for another summons wait. Roscom. 3. To Leave off. To stop. Wrougs do not leave off there where they begin, But still beget new mischiefs in their course. Dan. To Leave, leve. v. a. [from levy; lever, French.] To levy; to raise: a corrupt word, made, I believe, by Spenser, for a rhyme. An army strong she leav'd, To war on those which him had of his realm be- reav'd. Spenser. Le'aved, leev'd.327 adj. [from leaves, of leaf] 1. Furnished with foliage. 2. Made with leaves or folds. I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates. Isaiah. LE'AVEN, lev'ven.'O" 284 n. s. [levain, Fr. levare, Lat.] 1. Ferment mixed with any body to make it light; particularly used of sour dough mixed in a mass of bread. It shall not be baked with leaven. Leviticus. AH fermented meats and drinks are easiest di- gested ; and those unfermented, by barm or leaven, are hardly digested. Floyer. 2. Any mixture which makes a general change in the mass: it generally means something that depraves or corrupts that with which it is mixed. Many of their propositions savour very strongly of the old leaven of innovations. King Charles. To Le'aven, leVv£n. v. n. [from the noun.] 1. To ferment by something mixed. You must tarry the leav'ning. Shaksp. Whosoever eateth leavened bread, that soul shall be cut off. Exodus. Breads we have of several grains, with divers kinds of leavenings, and seasonings; so that some do extremely move appetites. Bacon. 2. To taint; to imbue. That cruel something unpossest, Corrodes, and Zeauens all the rest. Prior. Le'aver, l£'vur.98 n. s. [from leave.] One who deserts or forsakes. Let the world rank me in register A master-Zeauer, and a fugitive. Shaksp. Leaves, ieevz. n. a. The plural oUeaf. Parts fit for the nourishment of man in nlants are, seeds, roots, and fruits; for leaves they give no nourishment at all. Bacon. Le'avings, te'vingz.410 n. s. [from leave.] Remnant; relicks; offal; refuse: it has no singular. My father has this morning call'd together, To this poor hall, his little Roman senate, The leavings of Pharsalia. Addison Then who can think we'll quit the place, Or stop and light at Chloe's head, With scraps and leavings to be fed. Swift. Li/avy, le've. adj. [from leaf] Full ot leaves; covered with leaves; leafy is more used. Strephon, with leavy twigs of laurel tree, A garland made on temples for to wear, For he then chosen was the dignity Of viilage lord that Whitsontide to bear. Sidney. Now, near enough: your leavy screens throw down, And show like those you are. Shaksp. To Lech, ifitsh. v. a. [lecher, Fr.] To lick over. Hanmer. Hast thou yet leched the Athenian's eye With the love juice? Shaksp. LE'CHER, letsh'ir.98 n. a. [Derived by Skinner from luxure, old French: luxu- ria is used in the middle ages in the same sense.] A whoremaster. I will now take the teacher; he 's at my house; he cannot 'scape me. Shaksp. You, like a letcher, out of whorish loins, Are pleas'd to breed out your inheritors. Shaksp* The lecher soon transforms his mistress; now In Io's place appears a lovely cow. Dryden. The sleepy leacher shuts his little eyes, About his churning chaps the frothy bubbles rise. Dryden. She yields her charms To that fair letcher, the strong god of arms. Pope. To Le'oher, le'tsh'tir. v. n. [from the noun.] To whore. Die for adultery? no. The wren goes to 't, and the small gilded fly does letcher in my sight. Shaks. Gut eats all day, and letchers all the night. Ben Jonson. Le'cherous, l^tsh'ur-fls. adj. [from lech- er.] Lewd; lustful. The sapphire should grow foul, and lose its beau- ty, when worn by one that is lecherous; the emerald should fly to pieces, if it touch the skin of any un- chaste person. Derham. Le'cherously, l^tsh'ur-us-le. adv. [from lecherous.] Lewdly; lustfully. Le'cherousness, l£tsh'ur-u.s-ne!s. n. 8. [from lecherous.] Lewdness. Le'chery, l£tsh'iir-e.667 n. s. [from lech- er.] Lewdness; lust. The rest welter with as little shame in open lechery, as swine do in the common mire. Ascham. Against such lewdsters and their lechery, Those that betray them do no treachery. Shaksp. Le'ction, leVshftn. n. s. [lectio, Lat.] A reading; a variety in copies. Every critick has his own hypothesis; if the com- mon text be not favourable to his opinion, a various lection shall be made authentick. Watts. LE'CTURE, lek'tshure.^ n. a. [lecture, Fr.] L 1. A discourse pronounced upon any sub- ject. Mark him, while Dametas reads his rustick lec- ture unto him, how to feed his beasts before noon, and where to shade them in the extreme heat. Sidney. Wrangling pedant, When in musick we have spent an hour, Your lecture shall have leisure for as much. Shaksp. When letters from Caesar were given to Rusticus, he refused to open them till the philosopher had done his lectures. Taylor. Virtue is the solid good, which tutors should not only read lectures and talk of, but the labour and LEE LEE LEF art of education should furnish the mind with, and fasten there. Locke. 2. The act or practice of reading; peru- sal. In ;hc 'eclure of holy scripture, their apprehen- sitv •> are commonly confined unto the literal sense ot '■.<: '.'Xt. Brown, 3. A " .gistcrial reprimand; a pedantick di>;r ' irse. ISui;adia will be blest by Cato's lectures. Addis. To Le'ctuke, ldk'tshure. v. a. [from the noun] I. To instruct formally. 2. To instruct insolently and dogmatical- ly' To Le'cture, lek'tshure. v. n. To read in publick; to instruct an audience by a formal explanation or discourse: as, Wallis lectured on geometry. Le'cturer, lek'tshdr-vir. n. s. [from lec- tured] 1. An instructor; a teacher by way of lec- ture. 2. A preacher in a church, hired by the parish to assist the rector or vicar. If any minister refused to admit into his church a lecturer recommended by them, and there was not one orthodox or learned man recommended, he was presently required to attend upon the committee. . Clarendon. Le'ctureship, lek'tshur-shlp. n. s. [from lecture.] The office of a lecturer. He got a lectureship in town of sixty pounds a- year, where he preached constantly in person. Swift. Led, led. The part. pret. ot lead. Then shall they know that I am the Lord their God, which caused them to be led into captivity among the heatnen. Ezekiel. The leaders of this people cause them to err, and they that are led of them are destroyed. Isaiah. As in vegetables and animals, so in most other bodies, not propagated by seed, it is the colour we most fix on, and are most led by. Locke. Ledge, ledje. n. s. [leggen, Dutch, to lie.] 1. A row; layer; stratum. The lowest ledge or row should be merely of stone, closely laid, without mortar: a general cau- tion for all parts in a building contiguous to board. Wotton. 2. A ridge rising above the rest, or pro- jecting beyond the rest. The four parallel sticks, rising above five inches higher than the handkerchief, served as ledges on each side. Gulliver. 3. Any prominence, or rising part. Beneath a ledge of rocks his fleet he hides. The bending brow above a safe retreat provides. Dryden. Led horse, l£d'horse. n. a. [led and horse.] A sumpter horse. Lee, lee. n. &. [lie, French.] 1. Dregs; sediment; refuse: commonly lees. My clothes, my sex, exchang'd for thee, I'll mingle with the people's wretched Zee. Prior. i [Sea term; supposed by Skinner from I'cau, French.] It is generally that side which is opposite to the wind, as the lee shore is that the wind blows on. To be under the lee of the shore, is to be close under the weather shore. A lee- ward ship is one that is not fast by a wind, to make her way so good as she VOL: II. might. To lay a ship by the Ice, is to bring her so that all her sails may lie against the masts and shrowds flat, and the wind to come right on her broad- side, so that she will make little or no way. Diet. If we, in the bay of Biscay, had had a port under our Zee, that we might have kept our transporting ships with our men of war, we had taken the Indian fleet. Raleigh. The Hollanders were before Dunkirk with the wind at north-west, making a lee shore in all weathers. Raleigh. Unprovided of tackling and victualling, they are forced to sea by a storm; yet better do so than ven- ture splitting and sinking on a Zee shore. K. Charles. Him, haply slumb'ring on the Norway foam, The pilot of some small-night-founder'd skiff, Deeming some island, oft, as seamen tell, With fixed anchor in his scaly rind, Moors by his side under the Zee, while night Invests the sea. Milton. Batter'd by his Zee they lay, The passing winds through their torn canvass play. Dryden. Leech, lietsh. n. s. [laec, Saxon.] I. A physician; a professor of the art of healing: whence we still use cowleech. A leech, the which had great insight In that disease of grieved conscience, . And well could cure the same; his name was Pa- tience. Spenser's Fairy Queen. Her words prevail'd, and then the learned leech His cunning hand 'gan to his wounds to lay, And all things else the which his art did teach. Fairy Qjueen. Physic is their bane. The learned leeches in despair depart, And shake their heads, desponding of their art. Dryden. Wise leeches will not vain receipts obtrude: Deaf to complaints they wait upon the ill, Till some safe crisis. Dryden. The hoary wrinkled leech has watch'd and toil'd, Tried every health-restoring herb and gum, And wearied out his painful skill in vain. Rowe. A skilful leach, They say, had wrought this blessed deed; This leach Arbuthnot was yclept. Gay's Pastorals. 2. A kind of small water serpent, which fastens on animals, and sucks the blood: it is used to draw blood where the lan- cet is less safe, whence perhaps the name. I drew blood by leeches behind his ear. Wiseman. Sticking like leeches, till they burst with blood, Without remorse insatiably. Roscommon. To Leech, Jeetsh. v. a. [from the noun.] To treat with medicaments. Le'echckaft, leitsh'kraft. n. s. [leech and craft.] The art of healing. We study speech, but others we persuade: We leechcraft learn, but others cure with it. Davies. Leef, le£f. adj. [lieve, leve, Dutch.] Kind; fond. Whilome all these were low and leefe, And lov'd their flocks to feed; They never strove to be the chief, And simple was their weed. Spenser's Pastorals. Leek, leek. n. s. [leac, Saxon; loock, Dutch; leechk, Erse; porrum, Latin.] A plant. Kuow'st thou Fluellen?—Yes. —Tell him I'll knock his ZeeA; about his pate, Upon St. David's day. Shakspeare. Leek to the Welsh, to Dutchmen butter's dear. Gay. We use acrid plants inwardly and outwardly in gangrenes; in the scurvy, water-cresses, horse-ra- dish, garlick, or Uek pottage. Flayer on Humours. LEER, Id-re. n. s. [hleape, Saxon.] I. An oblique view. I spy entertainment in her; she gives the Iter of invitation. Shakspeare. Aside the devil tura'd For envy, yet with jealous leer malign Ey'd them askance. Miltcn 2. A laboured cast of countenance. Damn with faint praise, concede with civil leer- Pope. I place a statesman full before my sight; A bloated monster in all his geer, With shameless visage, and perfidious leer. Swift. To Leer, lere. v. n. [from the noun.] I. To look obliquely; to look archly. I will leer upon him as he comes by; and do but mark the countenance that he will give me. Shaks. I wonder whether you taste the pleasure of inde- pendency, or whether you do not sometimes Ze< < upon the court. Swift. 2. To look with a forced countenance. Bertran has been taught the arts of courts, To gild a face with smiles, and leer a man to ruin. Dryden. Lees, leez. n. a. [lie, French.] Dregs; se- diment: it has seldom a singular. The memory of king Richard was" so strong, that it lay like lees at the bottom of men's hearts; and if the vessel was but stirred,it would come up. Bacon. If they love lees, and leave the lusty wine, Envy them not their palates with the swine. Ben Jonson. Those lees that trouble it, refine The agitated soul of generous wine. Dryden. To Leese, leese. v. a. [lesen, Dutch.] To lose: an old word. Then sell to thy profit both butter and cheese, Who buieth it sooner the more he shall leese. Tusser, No cause, nor client fat, will Chev'ril leese, But as they come on both sides he takes fees; And pleaseth both: for while he melts his grease For this, that wins for whom he holds his peace. Ben Jonson. How in the port our fleet dear time did leese, Withering like prisoners, which lie but for fees. Donne. Leet, leet. n. s. Leete, or leta, is otherwise called a law-day. The word seemeth to have grown from the Saxon leSe, which was a court of jurisdiction above the wapen- take or hundred, comprehending three or four of them, otherwise called thirshing, and contained the third part of a province or shire: these jurisdictions, one and other, be noiv abolished, and swallowed up in the county court. Cowel. Who has a breast so pure, But some uncleanly apprehensions Keep leets and law-days, and in sessions sit With meditations lawful? Shakspeare. You would present her at the leet, Because she bought stone jugs, and no seal'd quarts. Shakspeare. Le'ewaud, lee'ward.88 adj. [lee and pe- apb, Saxon.] Toward the wind. See Lee. The classics were called long ships, the onerariae round, because of their figure approaching towards circular: this figure, though proper for the stowage of goods, was not the fittest for sailing, because of the great quantity of leeward way except when they sailed full before the wind. Arbuthnot. Let no statesmen dare, A kingdom to a ship compare; Lest he should call our commonweal A vessel with a double keel; Which just like ours, new riggM and man'd And got about a league from land, By change of wind to Lnoard side, The pilot knew not how to guide. Swift. Left, left. The participle preter. oileave. LE(i LEG LE G Alas, poor lady! desolate and left; I weep myself tothink upon thy words. Shaksp. Had such a river as this been left to itself, to have found its way out from among the Alps, what- ever windings it had made, it must haTe formed several little seas. .btdison. Were I left to myself, I would rather aim at in- structing than diurting; but if we will be useful to the world, we must take it as we find it. Spectator. Left, left. adj. [lufte, Dutch; lavtis, La- tin.] Sinistrous; not right. That there is also in men a natural prepotency in the right, we cannot with constancy affirm, if we make observation in children, who, permitted the freedom of both hands, do ofttimes confine it unto the left, and are not without great difficulty restrain- ed from it. Brown. The right to Pluto's golden palace guides, The left to that unhappy region tends, Which to the depth of Tartarus descends. Dryden. The gods of greater nations dwell around, And, ou the right and left, the palace bound; The commons where they can. Dryden. A raven from a wither'd oak, Left of their lodging was oblig'd to croak: That omen lik'd him not. Dryden. The left foot naked when they march to fight, But in a bull's raw hide they sheathe the right. Dry. The man tvho struggles in the fight, Fatigues left arm as well as right. Prior. Left-ha'nded, Lft'hand'ed. adj. [left and hand.] Using the left hand rather than the right. The limbs are used most on the right side, where- by custom helpeth; for we see, that some are left- handed, which are such as have used the left hand most. Bacon. For the seat of the heart and liver on one side, whereby men become left-handed, it happeneth too rarely to countenance an effect so common: for the scat of the liver on the left side is very monstrous. Brown. Left-ha'ndedness, left'hand'£d-nes. n. a. [from left-handed.] Habitual use of the left hand. Although a squint left-handedness B1 ungracious; yet we cannot want that hand. Donne. Leg, leg. n. s. [leg, Danish; leggur, Is- landick.] 1. The limb by which we walk; particu- larly that part between the knee and the foot. They haste; and what their tardy feet deny'd, The trusty staff, their better leg supply'd. Dryden. Purging conilits, and ants eggs, Had almost brought him off his legs. Hudibras. Such intrigues people cannot meet with, who have nothing but legs to carry them- Addison- 2. An act of obeisance; a bow with the leg drawn back. At court, be that cannot make a leg, put off his cap, kiss his hand, and say nothing, has neither leg, hands, lip, nor cap. Shakspeare. Their horses never give a blow, But when they make a leg, and bow. Hudibras. If the boy should not put off his hat, nor make legs very gracefully, a dancing-master will cure that defect. Locke. He made his leg, and went away. Swdft. 3. To atand on his own Legs. To sup- port himself. Persons of their fortune and quality could well have stood upon their own legs, and needed not to lay in for countenance and support. Collier. 4. That by which any thing is supported on the ground: as, the leg of a table. Le'gacy, leg'a-s£. n. s. [legatum, Latin.] Legacy is a particular thing given by last will and testament. Coicell. If there be no such thing apparent upon record, they do as if one should demand a legacy by force and virtue of some written testament, wherein there being no such thing specified, he plcadeth that there it must needs be, and bringeth arguments from the love or good-will which always the testator bore him; imagining, that these, or the like proofs, will con- vict a t, -lament to have that in it, which other men can nowhere by leading find. Hooker. Fetch the will hither, and we shall determine How to cut off some charge in legacies. Shaksp. Good counsel is the best legacy a father can leave a child. L'Estrange. When he thought you gone T' augment the number of the bless'd above, He deem'd 'em legacies of royal love; Nor arm'd his brother's portions to invade, But to defend the present you had made. Dryden. When the heir of this vast treasure knew, How large a legacy was left to you, He wisely ty'd it to the crown again. Dryden. Leave to thy children tumult, strife, and war, Portions of toil, and legacies of care. Prior. LE'GAL, le'gal. adj. [legal, Fr. leges, Lat.] 1. Done or conceived according to law. Whatsoever was before Richard 1. was before time of memory; and what is since, is, in a legal ense, within the time of memory. Hale. Lawful; not contrary to law. 3. According to the law of the old dispen- sation. Hi* merits To save them, not their own, though legal, works. Milton. Lega'lity, le-gal'e-t^. n. s. [legalite, Fr.] Lawfulness. To Le'galize, le'gal-ize. v. a. [legaliser, Fr. from legal.] To authorize; to make lawful. If any thing can legalize revenge, it should be injury from an extremely obliged person: but re- venge is so absolutely the peculiar of heaven, that no consideration can impower, even the best men, to assume the execution of it. South. Le'gally, l^'gal-te. adv. [from legal.] Lawfully; according to law. A prince may not, much less may inferior judges, deny justice, when it is legally and competently de- manded. Taylor. Le'gatary, l£g'a-tar-e. n. s. [legataire, Fr. from legatum, Lat.] One who has a legacy left. An executor shall exhibit a true inventory of goods, taken in the presence of fit persons, as credi- tors and legataries are, unto the ordinary. Ayliffe. Le'gate, leg'gate.91 n. *. [legatus, Lat. legal, Fr. legato, Italian.] I. A deputy; an ambassadour. The legates from th' iEtolian prince return: Sad news they bring, that after all the cost, And care employ'd, their embassy is lost. Dryden. 2. A kind of spiritual ambassadour from the pope; a commissioner deputed by the pope for ecclesiastical affairs. Look where the holy legate comes apace, To give us warrant from the hand of Heav'n. Shak. Upon the legate's summons, he submitted him- self to an examination, and appeared before him. Atterbury. Legate'e, l^g-ga-te^'. n. s. [from lega- tum, Lat.] One who has a legacy left him. If he chance to 'scape this dismal bout, The former legatees are blotted out. Dryden. My will is, that if any of the above-named Icga- tees should die before me, that then the respective legacies shall revert to myself. Swift. Le'gatine, log'ga-tine."9 adj. [from le- gate.] 1. Made by a legate. When any one is absolved from excommunication. it is provided by a legaline constitution, that some one shall publish such absolution. Ayliffe. Belonging to a legate of the Roman see. All those you have done of late, By your power legatine within this kingdom, Fall in the compass of a praemunire. Shakspeare- Lega'tion, le-ga'shun. n. a. [legatio, Lat.] Deputation; commission; embassy. After a legation ad res repetendas, and a refusal, and a denunciation or indiction of a war, the war is no more confined to the place of the quarrel, but is left at large. Bacon. In attiring, the duke had a fine and unaflected politeness, and upon occasion costly, as in his lega- tions. Wotton. Leoa'tor, leg-ga-tor'.l8B n. s. [from lego, Lat.] One who makes a will, and leaves legacies. Suppose debate Betwixt pretenders to a fair estate, Bequeath'd by some legator's last intent. Dryden. Le'gend, le'jend. n. s. [legenda, Lat.] 1. A chronicle or register of the lives of saints. Legends being grown in a manner to be nothing else but heaps of frivolous and scandalous vanities, they have been even with disdain thrown out, the very nests which bred them abhorring them. Hooker. There are in Rome two sets of antiquities, the christian and the heathen; the former, though of a fresher date, are so embroiled with fable and legend, that one receives but little satisfaction. Addison. 2. Any memorial or relation. And in this legend all that glorious deed Read, whilst you aim you; arm you whilst you read* Fairfax. 3. An incredible unauthentick narrative. Who can show the legends, that record More idle tales, or fables so absurd? Blackmore. It is the way of attaining to Heaven, that makes profane scorners so willingly let go the expectation of it. It is not the articles of the creed, but the duty to God and their neighbour, that is such an inconsistent, incredible legend. Bentley. 4. Any inscription; particularly on medals or coins. Compare the beauty and comprehensiveness of legends on ancient coins. Addison. Le'ger, led'jur.98 n. s. [from legger, Dutch. To lie or remain in a place.] Any thing that lies in a place: as, a le- ger ambassadour, a resident, one that continues at the court to which he is sent; a leger-hook, a book that lies in the counting-house. Lord Angelo, having affairs to Heav'n, Intends you for his swift ambassador, Where you shall be an everlasting leiger. Shaksp. I've giv'n him that, Which, if he take, shall quite unpeople her Of leidgers for her sweet. Shakspeare. If leiger ambassadors or agents were sent to re- main near the courts of princes, to observe their motions, such were made choice of as were vigilant. Bacon. Who can endear Thy praise too much? thou art Heav'n's leiger here, Working against the states of death and hell. Herb. He withdrew not his confidence from any of those who attended his person, who, in truth, lay leiger for the covenant, and kept up the spirits of their countrymen by their intelligence. Clarendon. I call that a ledger bait, which is fixed, or made to rest, in one certain place, when you shall be ah- LEG , nt and I call that a walking bait which you have ever'in motion. ^ , WatUm Lkgerdema'in, lM-iur-de-mane . n. s LEG It spoke like a legislator: the thing spoke was a law. South. led-jur-d^-mane'. [contracted perhaps from legerete de main, Fr.] Slight of hand; juggle; pow- er of deceiving the eye by nimble mo- tion; trick; deception; knack. He so light was at legerdemain, That what he touch'dcame not to light again. Hubberd. Of all the tricks and legerdemain by which men impose upon their own souls, there is none so com- mon as the plea of a good intention. South. Lege'rity, le-jer'e-te. n. a. [legerete, Fr.] Lightness; nimbleness; quickness. Not in use. When the mind is quicken'd The organs though defunct and dead before, Break up their drowsy grave, and newly move With casted slough and fresh legerity. Shaksp. Le'gged, leg'd.368 adj. [from leg.] Hav- ing legs; furnished with legs. Le'gible, led'je-bl. n. s. [legibilis, Latin.] 1. Such as may be read. You observe some clergymen with their heads held down within an inch of the cushion, to read what is hardly legible. Swift. 2. Apparent; discoverable. People's opinions of themselves are legible in their countenances. Thus a kind imagination makes a bold man have vigour and enterprise in his air and motion; it stamps value and significancy upon his face. Collier. Le'gibly, led'je-ble. adv. [from legible.] In such a manner as may be read. Le'gion, le'jun. n. a. [legio, Latin.] 1. A body of Roman soldiers, consisting of about five thousand. The most remarkable piece in Antoninus's pillar is the figure of Jupiter Pluvius sending rain on the fainting army of Marcus Aurelius, and thunderbolts on his enemies, which is the greatest confirmation possible of the story of the christian Zegion. Addison. 2. A military force. She to foreign realms Sends forth her dreadful legions. Philips. 3. Any great number. Not in the legions Of horrid hell, can come a devil more damn'd. Shakspeare. The partition between good and evil is broken down; and where one sin has entered, Zegions will force their way through the same breach. Rogers. Le'gionary, le'jtin-ar-e. adj. [from le- gion.] 1. Relating to a legion. 2. Containing a legion. 3. Containing a great indefinite number. Too many applying themselves betwixt jest and earnest, make up the legionary body of crrour. Brown. Legislation, led-jls-la'shun. n. 8. [from legislator, Lat.] The act of giving laws. Pythagoras joined legislation to his philosophy, and, like others, pretended to miracles and revela- tions from God, to give a more venerable sanction to the laws he prescribed. Littleton. Legislative, l£d'jls-la-tlv. adj. [from legislator.] Giving laws; lawgiving. Their legislative frenzy they repent, Enacting it should make no precedent. Denham. The poet is a kind of lawgiver, and those qualities are proper to the legislative style. Dryden. LEGISLATOR, led'jls-la-ulr.160 n. a. [legislator, Latin; legislateur, French.] A lawgiver; one who makes laws for any community. 461 The Pope. n. s. power Heroes in animated marble frown, And legislators seem to think in stone. Legislature, l£d'jis-la-ture^ [from legislator, Latin.] that makes laws. Without the concurrent consent of all three parts of the Zeg-isZofure, no law is, or can be made. Hale. In the notion of a legislature is implied a power to change, repeal, and suspend laws in being, as well as to make new laws. Addison. By the supreme magistrate is properly understood the legislative power; but the word;magistrate seem- ing to denote a single person, and to express the executive power, it came to pass that the obedience due to the legislature was, for want of considering this easy distinction, misapplied to the administra- tion. _fW<- Legitimacy, le-jlt'te-ma-se. n. s. [from legitimate.] I. Lawfulness of birth. In respect of his legitimacy, it will be good. Ayliffe. 2. Genuineness; not spuriousness. The legitimacy or reality of these marine bodies vindicated, I now inquire by what means they were hurried out of the ocean. Woodward. LEGITIMATE, le-jit'te-mate. »l adj. [from legitimus, Lat. legitime, French.] Born in marriage; lawfully begotten. Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land; Our father's love is to the bastard Edmund. Shak. An adulterous person is tied to make provision for the children begotten in unlawful embraces, that they may do no injury to the ZegitimoZe, by re- ceiving a portion. Taylor. To Legitimate, te-jlt'e-mate.91 v. a. [le- gitimer, French; from the adjective.] I. To procure to any the rights of legiti- mate birth. Legitimate him that was a bastard. Ayliffe. 2. To make lawful. It would be impossible for any enterprize to be lawful, if that which should legitimate it is subse- quent to it, and can have no influence to make it good or bad. Decay of Piety. Legitimately, 16-jlt'e-mate-le. adv. [from legitimate.] 1. Lawfully. 2. Genuinely^ By degrees he rose to Jove's imperial seat; Thus difficulties prove a soul legitimately great. Dryden. Legitimation, le'-jlt-e-ma'shun. n. s. [le- gitimation, Fr. from legitimate.] 1. Lawful birth. I have disclaim'd my land, Legitimation, name, and all is gone. Then, good my mother, let me know my father. Shakspeare. From whence will arise many questions of legiti- mation, and what in nature is the difference be- twixt a wife and a concubine. Locke. 2. The act of investing with the privile- ges of lawful birth. LE'GUME, le'g'gume.s03> n.s. [legume, LEGU'MEN, le-gu'«ien.$ Fr. legumen, Lat.] Seeds not reaped, but gathered by the hand; as, beans: in general, all larger seeds; pulse. Some legumens, as peas or beans, if newly ga- thered and distilled in a retort, will afford an acid spirit. Boyle. In the spring fell great rains, upon which ensued a most destructive mildew upon the corn and le- gumes. Arbuthnot. Legu'minous, le-gu/m6-nils. adj. [legu- e2 LEM mineux,Fr. from legumen.] Belong- ing to pulse; consisting of pulse. The properest food of the vegetable kingdom i = taken from the farinaceous seeds: as oats, barley. and wheat: or of some of the siliquose or legumin- ous; as peas or beans. Arbuthnot. Le'isurably, le'zh This etymology is strongly supported by the ancient orthography, according to which it was written teveman.] A sweetheart; a gallant; or a mistress. Hanmer. Hold for my sake, and do him not to dye; But vanquish'd, thine eterual bondslave make, And me thy worthy meed unto thy leman take. Spenser. A cup of wine, That's brisk and fine, And drink unto the leman mine. Shakspeare. Le'mma, lem'ma. n. s. [ajj/u/*«; lemme,Fr.] A proposition previously assumed. LE'MON, lem'mftn. n. s. [lirnon, Fr. li- monium, low Latin.] 1. The fruit of the lemon-tree. The juice of lemons is more cooling and astrin- gent than that of oranges. Arbuthnot. The dyers use it for dying of bright yellows and lemon colours. Mortimer. Ben me, Pomona! To where the lemon and the piercing lime, With the deep orange, glowing through the green, Their lighter glories blend. Thomson. 2. The tree that bears lemons. The lemon tree bath large stiff leaves; the flower consists of many leaves, which expand in form of a rose: the fruit is almost of an oval figure, and divi- ded into several ceils, in which are lodged hard seeds, surrounded by a thick fleshy substance, which, for the most part, is full of an acid juice. There are many varieties of this tree, and the fruit is yearly imported from Lisbon in great plenty. Miller. Lemona'de, l£m-mtln-ade'. n. s. [from le- mon.] Liquor made of water, sugar, and the juice of lemons. Thou, and thy wife, and children, should walk in my gardens, buy toys, and drink lemonade. Arbuthnot. To LEND, l£nd. v. a. preterit, and part. pass. lent, [laenan, Sax. leenen, Dut.] 1. To afford or supply, on condition of repayment. In common worldly things 'tis call'd ungrateful With dull unwillingness to pay a debt, Which, with a bounteous hand, was kindly lent; Much more to be thus opposite with Heaven. Shak. Thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury, nor lend him thy victuals for increase. Leviticus. They dare not give, and e'en refuse to lend, To their poor kindred, or a wanting friend. Dryd. .:. To suffer to be used on condition that it be restored. I'll lend it thee, my dear, but have no power to give it from me. Shakspeare. The fair blessing we vouchsafe to send; Nor can we spare you long, though often we may Zend. Dryden. ;. To afford; to grant in general. Covetousness, like the sea, receives the tribute of all rivers, though far unlike it in lending any back again. Decay of Piety. Painting and poesy are two sisters so like, that they lend to each other their name and office: one is called a dumb poesy, and the other a speaking picture. Dryden. From thy new hope, and from thy growing store, Now lend assistance, and relieve the poor. Dryden. Cato, lend me for a while thy patience, Aud eoudescend to hear a young man speak. Addis. Cephisa, thou Wilt lend a hand to close thy mistress' eyes. Phil. Le'nder, l^nd'ilr.a8 n. a. [from lend.] 1. One who lends any thing. 2. One who makes a trade of putting money to interest. Let the state be answered some small matter, and the rest left to the lender; if the abatement be small, it will not discourage the Zender: he that took ten in the hundred, will sooner descend to eight than give over this trade. Bacon. Whole dro\es of lenders crowd the bankers' doors, To call in money. Dryden. Interest would certainly encourage the lender to venture in such a time of danger. Addison. Length, length, n. a. [from lenj, Sax.] I. The extent of any thing material from end to end; the longest line that can be drawn through a body. There is in Ticinum a church that is in length one hundred feet, in breadth twenty, and in heigbth near fifty: it reporteth the voice twelve or thirteen times. Bacon. 2. Horizontal extension. Mezcntius rushes on his foes, And first unhappy AcVon overthrows; Stretch'd at his length he spurns the swarthy ground. Dryden. 3. Comparative extent; a certain portion of space or time: in this sense it has a plural. Large lengths of seas and shores Between my father and my mother lay. Shaksp. To get from th' enemy, and Ralph, free; Left danger, fears, and foes, behind, And beat, at least, three lengths the wind. Hudib. Pime glides along with undiscovei'd haste, The future but a length beyond the past. Dryden. 4. Extent oi duration or spaci. What length of lands, what oceans have you pass'd, What storms sustain'd, and on what shores been cast? Dryutn. Having thus got the idea of duration, the next thiug is to get some measure of this common dura- tion, whereby to judge of its dillercnt lengths. Locke. 5. Long duration or piotraction. May Heav'n, great monarch, still augment your bliss, With length of days, and every day like this. Dryd. Such toil requir'd the Roman name, Such length of labour for so vast a frame. Dryden. In length of time it will cover the whole plain, and make one mountain with that on which it now stands. Addison. 6. Reach or expansion of any thing. 1 do not recommend to all a pursuit of sciences, to those extensive lengths to which the moderns have advanced. Watts. 7. Full extent; uncontracted state. If Lxtitia, who sent me this account, will ac- quaint me with the worthy gentleman's name, I will insert it at length in one of my papers. Spectator. 8. Distance. He had marched to the length of Exeter, which he had some thought of besieging. Clarendon. 9. End; latter part of any assignable time. Churches purged of things burthensome, all was brought at the length unto that wherein we now stand. Hooker. A crooked stick is not straitened, unless it be bent as far on the clear contrary side, that so it may settle itself at the ZengZA in a middle state of evenness between them both. Hooker. 10. At Length. [An adverbial mode of speech. It was formerly written at the length.] At last; in'conclusion. At length, at length, I have thee in my arms, Though our malevolent stars have struggled hard, And held us long asunder. Dryden. To Le'ngthen, leng'^A'n.168 v. a. [from length.] 1. To draw out; to make longer; to elon- gate. Relaxing the fibres, is making them flexible, or easy to be lengthened without rupture. Arbuthnot. Falling dews with spangles deck'd the glade., And the low sun had Ungthen'd every shade. Pope 2. To protract; to continue. Frame your mind to mirth and merriment, Which bars a thousand harms, and lengtliens life. Shakspeare. Break off thy sins by righteousness, aud ihinc iniquities by shewing mcrcv to the poor: if it may be a lengthening of thy tranquillity. Daniel. It is in our power to secure to ourselves an inte- rest in the divine mercies that are yet to come, and to lengthen the course of our present prosperity. Atterbury. 3. To protract pronunciation. The learned languages were less constrained in the quantity of every syllable, beside helps of gram- matical figures for the lengthening or abbreviation of them. Dryden 4. To Lengthen out. [The particle out is only emphatical.] To protract; to extend. What if I please to lengthen out his date A day, and take a pride to cozen fate? Dryden. I'd hoard up every moment of my life, To lengthen out the payment of my tears. Dryden. It lengthens out every act of worship, ana pro- duces more lasting and permanent impressions in the miud, than those which accompany any tran- sient form of words. Addison. To Le'ngthen, leng'th'n. v. n. To grow longer; to increase in length. Out may as well make a yard, whose parts length- en aud shrink, as a measure of trade in materials, that nave not always a settled value. Locke. Still 'tis farther from its end; Still finds its error lengthen with its way. Prior. Ll'ngthwise, lengM'wize. adv. [length and wise.] According to the length; in a longitudinal direction. Le'nient, l£'ne-£nt. adj. [leniens, Lat.] 1. Assuasive; softening; mitigating. In this one passion man can strength enjoy; Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand, I et tames not this; it sticks to our last sand. Pope*. 2. With of Consolatories writ With study'd argument, and much persuasion sought Lenient of grief and anxious thought. Milton* 3. Laxative; emollient. Oils relax the fibres, are ZenienZ, balsamick, and abate acrimony in the blood. Arbuthnot. Le'nient, le'ne ent.113 n. a. An emollient, or assuasive application. I dressed it with lenients. Wiseman. ToLe'nify, ien'ne-fi.i83 v. n. [lenifier, old French; lenio, Latin.] To assuage; to mitigate. Used for squinancies and inflammations in the throat, it seemeth to have a moll .lying aud Unify- ing virtue. Ba£u All soft'ning simples, known of sovereign use He presses out, and pours their noble juice; These first infus'd, to lenify the paii,, He tugs with pincers, but he tugs in vain. Dryden. Le'nitive, len'e-tiv. "7 adj. [lenitif Fr. lenio, Lat.] Assuasive; emollient. Some plants have a milk in them; the cause may be an inception of putref Jction: for those milks have all an acrimony, though one would think they should beZeniZii*. Bacm I here »•, aliment ZeniZire expelling the faeces without stimulating the bowels; such are animjU T 01!8- ,, Arbuthnot. Le nitive, len'6-tiv. n. a. 1. Any thing medicinally applied to ease pain. 2. A palliative. LEN LEP LES There are lenitives that friendship will apply, be- fore it would be brought to decretory rigours. South. Le'nity, len'e-te. n. a. [lenitas, Lat.] Mildness; mercy; tenderness; softness ot temper. Henry gives consent, Of meer compassion and of lenity, To ease your country. Shakspeare. Lenity must gain The mighty men, and please the discontent. Daniel. Albeit so ample a pardon was proclaimed touch- ing trea'son, yet could not the boldness be beaten down'either with severity, or with lenity be abated. Hayward. These jealousies Have but one root, the old imprison'd king, Whose lenity first plcas'd the gaping crowd: But when long try'd, and found supinely good, Like .ffisop's log, they leapt upon his back. Dryden. Lens, lenz. *3* n. s. [from resemblance to the seed of a lentil.] A glass spherically convex on both sides, is usu- ally called a lens; such is a burning-glass, or spec- tacle-glass, or an object-glass of a telescope. Newton. According to the difference of the lenses, I used various distances. Newton. Lent, ldnt. The part. pass, from lend. By Jove the stranger and the poor are sent, And what to those we give, to Jove is lent. Pope. LENT, lent. n. s. [lencen, the spring, Sax.] The quadragesinml fast; a time of abstinence; tne time from Ashwednes- day to Easter. Lent is from springing, because it falleth in the spring; for which our progenitors, the Germans, use gtent. Camden. Le'nten, Ifint't'n.103 adj. [from lent.] Such as is used in lent; sparing. My lord, if you dejight not in man, what lenten entertainment the players shall receive from you! Shakspeare. She quench'd her fury at the flood, And with a lenten sallad cool'd her blood, Their commons, though but coarse, were nothing scant. Dryden. Lenti'cular, l£n-tik'ku-lar. adj. [lenti- culaire, French.] Doubly conyex; of the form of a lens. The crystalline humour is of a lenticular figure, convex on both sides. Ray on Creation. Le'ntiform, l£n't6-form. adj. [lens and forma, Lat.] Having the form of a lens. Lenti'ginous, ieii-tid'jin-us. adj. [from lentigo, Lat.] Scurfy; surfuraccous. LE\TTGO, len-ti'go.lia n. s. [Latin.] A freckly or scurfy eruption upon the skin; such especially as is common to women in child bearing. Quincy. Le'ntil, l£n/tll. n. a. [_lens, Lat. lentille, Fr.] A plant. It hath a papilionaceous flower, the pointal of which becomes a short pod, containing orbicular seeds, for the most part convex; the leaves are con- jugated, growing to one mid-rib, and are terminat- ed by tendrils. Miller. The Philistines were gathered together, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles. 2 Samuel. Le'ntisck, l£n'tlsk. n. s. [lentiscus, Lat. lentisque, Fr.] Lentisck wood is of a pale brown, almost whitish, resinous, fragrant, and acrid: it is the tree which produces mastich, esteemed astringent, and balsamick. hill. Lentisck is a beautiful evergreen, the mastich or gum of which is of use for the tcclii or gums. Mortimer's Husbandry. Le'ntitude, len'td-ti'ide. n. a. [from lent- us, Latin.] Sluggishness; slowness. Diet. Le'ntner, lent'nur." n. a. A kind of hawk. I should enlarge my discourse to the observation of the haggard, and the two sorts of lentners. Walton's Angler. LE'NTOR, len'tor.166 n. s. [lentor, Lat. lenteur, Fr.] I. Tenacity; viscosity. Some bodies have a kind of lentor, and more de- pectible nature than others. Bacon. 2. Slowness; delay; sluggish coldness. The lentor of eruptions, not inflammatory, points to an acid cause. Arbuthnot. 3. [In physick.] That sizy, viscid, coagu- lated part of the blood, which, in ma- lignant fevers, obstructs the capillary vessels. Quincy. Le'ntous, ldn'tiis. adj. [lentus, Latin.] Viscous; tenacious; capable to be drawn out. In this spawn of a lentous and transparent body, are to be discerned many specks which become black, a substance more compacted and terrestrious than the other; for it riseth not in distillation. Brown. Le'od, le'od. n. s. Leod signifies the peo- ple; or rather, a nation, country, &c. Thus, leodgar is one of great interest with the people or nation. Gibson. Le'of, le'of. n. s. Leof denotes love; so leofwin is a winner of love; leofstan, best beloved: like these Agapetus, Erasmus, Philo, Amandus, &c. Gibson. Le'onine, le'6-nine.149 adj. [leoninus, Latin.] 1. Belonging to a lion; having the nature of a lion. 2. Leonine verses are those of which the end rhimes to the middle; so named from Leo the inventor: as Gloria factorum temere conceditur ho- rum. Le'opard, lep'purd.88 n. s. [leo and par- dus, Latin.] A spotted beast of prey. Sheep run not half so tim'rous from the wolf, Or horse or oxen from the leopard, As you fly from your oft subdued slaves. Shaksp. A leopard is every way, in shape and actions, like a cat: his head, teeth, tongue, feet, claws, tail, all like a cat's: he boxes with his fore feet, as a cat doth her kittens; leaps at the prey, as a cat at a mouse; and will also spit much after the same man- ner: so that they seem to differ, just as a kite doth from au eagle. Greic. Before the king tame leopards led the way, And troops of lions innocently play. Dryden. Le'per, l£p'pur.98 n. s. [lepra, leprosus, Lat.] One infected with a leprosy. I am no loathsome leper; look on me. Shaksp. The leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent. Letsificws. Le'perous, lep'pur-tis. adj. [formed from leprous, to make out a verse.] Causing leprosy; Infected with leprosy; leprous. Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole, With juice of cursed hebenon in a vial, And in the porches of mine ears did pour The leperous distilment. Sliaks])eare. Li.'forine, l£p'po-rine.e3° "a acijm [iep0. rinus, Lat.] Belonging to a hare; hav- ing the nature of a hare. Lepro'sity, l£p-pr6s'se-te. n. s. [from le- prous.] Squamous disease. If the crudities, impurities, and leprosities of me- tals were cured, they would become gold. Bacon- Le'prosy, 16p'pro-se. n. s. [lepra, La* lepre, Fr.] A loathsome distemper, which covers the body with a kind of white scales. Itches, blains, So all the Athenian bosoms, and their crop Be general leprosy. Shakspeare. It is a plague of leprosy. Leviticus. Between the malice of my enemies and other men's mistakes, I put as great a difference as be- tween the itch of novelty and the leprosy of disloy- alty. King Charles. Authors, upon the first entrance of the pox, look- ed upon it so highly infectious, that they ran away from it as much as the Jews did from the leprosy. Wiseman's Surgery- Le'prous, l£p'prus.314 adj. [lepra, Latin, lepreux, Fr.] Infected with a leprosy. The silly amorous sucks his death, By drawing in a leprous harlot's breath. Donne. Lere, lere. n. s. [laejie, Saxon; leere. Dutch.] A lesson; lore; doctrine. Ob- solete. This sense is still retained in Scotland. The kid pitying his heaviness, Asked the cause of his great distress, And also who, and whence, that he were, Though he that had well ycond his lere, Thus melled his talk with many a teare. Spenser.. Le'rry, leVre. [from lere.] A rating; a lecture. Rustick word. Less, les. A negative or privative termi- nation. [leaj*> Saxon; loos, Dutch.] Joined to a substantive, it implies the absence or privation of the thing ex- pressed by that substantive: as, a wit- less man, a man without wit; childless, without children; fatherless, deprived of a father; penny less, wanting money. Less, les. adj. [leap, Sax.] The compa- rative of little: opposed to greater, or to so great; not so much; not equal. Mary, the mother of James the less. Mark. He that thinks he has a positive idea of infinite space will find, that he can no more have a positive idea of the greatest man he has of the least space; for in this latter we are capable only of a compara- tive idea of smallness, which will always be Ze5s than any one whereof we have the positive idea. Locke. All the ideas that are considered as having parts, and are capable of increase by the addition of any equal or less parts, afford us, by their repetition, the idea of infinity. Locke^ 'Tis less to conquer, than to make wars cease, And, without fighting, awe the world to peace. Halifux. Less, le"s. n. s. Not so much: opposed to more, or to as much. They gathered some more, some less. Exodus. Thy servant knew nothing of this, less or n: ire. 1 Samuel. Yet could he not his closing eyes withdraw, Though less and Zess of Emily he saw. Dryden. Less, les. adv. In a smaller degree; in a lower degree. This opinion presents a less merry, but not lets dangerous, temptation to those in adversity. Decay of Piety. The less space there is betwixt us and the object, and the more pure the air is, by so much the mor*' the species are preserved and distinguished; and, on the conUary, the more space of air there is ru.'J LE S L E S LET the Zess it is pure, so much the more the object is confuH-.d and embroiled. Dryden. Their learning lay chiefly in flourish; they were not much wiser than the less pretending multitude. Collier on Pride. The less they themselves want from others, they will be Zess careful to supply the necessities of the indigent. Smalridge. Happy, and happy still, she might have prov'd, Were she less beautiful, or less belov'd. Pope. Le'ssee, 16s-see' n. 8. The person to whom a, lease is given. To Le'ssen-, les's'n.103 v. a. [from lesa.] 1. To make less; to diminish in bulk. 2. To diminish the degree of any state or quality; to make less intense. Kings may give To beggars, and not lessen their own greatness. Denham. Though charity alone will not make one happy in the other world, yet it shall lessen his punishment. Calamy's Sermons. Collect into one sum as great a number as you please, this multitude, how great soever, lessens not one jot the power of adding to it, or brings him any nearer the end of the inexhaustible stock of number. Locke. This thirst after fame betrays him into such in- decencies as are & lessening to his reputation, and is looked upon as a weakness in the greatest charac- ters. Spectator. Nor are the pleasures which the brutal part of the creation enjoy, subject to be lessened by the un- easiness which arises from fancy. Atterbury. 3. To degrade; to deprive of power or dignity. WTio seeks To lessen thee, against his purpose serves To manifest the more thy might. Milton. St. Paul chose to magnify his office, when ill men conspired to lessen it. Alterbury's Sermons. To Le'ssen, les's'n. v. n. To grow less; to shrink; to be diminished. All govei nment may be esteemed to grow strong or weak, as the general opinion in those that govern is seen to lessen or increase. Temple. The objection lessens much, and comes to no more than this, there was one witness of no good reputation. Atterbury. Le'ssek, leYsur.98 adj. A barbarous cor- ruption of less, formed by the vulgar from the habit of terminating compara- tives in er; afterward adopted by poets, and then by writers of prose, till it has all the authority which a mode original- ly erroneous can derive from custom. What great despite doth fortune to thee bear, Thus lowly to abase thy beauty bright, That it should not deface all other lesser light? Fairy Queen. It is the lesser blot, modesty finds, Women to change their shapes than men their minds. Shakspeare. The mountains, and higher parts of the earth, grow lesser and lesser from age to age: sometimes the roots of them are weakened by subterraneous fires, and sometimes tumbled by earthquakes into caverns that are under them. Burnet. Cain, after the murder of his brother, cries out, Every man that findeth me shall slay me. By the same reason may a man, in the state of nature, punish the lesser breaches of that law. Locke. Any heat promotes the ascent of mineral matter, but more especially of that which is subtile, and is consequently moveable more easily, and with a lesser power. Woodward. The larger here, and there the lesser lambs, The new-fall'n young herd bleating for their dams. Pope. Le'sser, les' ur. adv. [formed by a cor- ruption from less.] Some say he's mad; others, that lesser hate him, Do call it valiant fury. Shakspeure. Le'sses, leYses. n. a. [laissSes, Fr.] The dung of beasts left on the ground. LE'SSON, les's'n.170 n. s. [lecon, Fr. lec- tio, Lat.] 1. Any thing read or repeated to a teach- er, in order to improvement. I but repeat that lesson Which I have learn'd from thee. Denham. 2. Precept; notion inculcated. This day's ensample hath this lesson dear Deep written in my heart with iron pen, That bliss may not abide in state of mortal men. Fairy Queen. Be not jealous over the wife of thy bosom, and teach her not an oil lesson against thyself. Ecclus. 3. Portions of scripture read in divine ser- vice. Notwithstanding so eminent properties, whereof lessons are happily destitute; yet, lessons being free from some inconveniencies whereunto sermons are most subject, they may, in this respect, no less take, than in other they must give the hand which beto- keneth pre-eminence. Hooker. 4. Tune pricked for an instrument. Those good laws were like good lessons set for a flute out of tune; of which lessons little use can be made, till the flute be made fit to be played on. Davies. 5. A rating lecture. She would give her a lesson for walking so late, that should make her keep within doors for one fort- night. Sidney. To Le'sson, les's'n. v. a. [from the noun.] To teach; to instruct. Even in kind love, I do conjure thee To lesson me. Shakspeare. Well hast thou lesson'd us, this shall we do. Shakspeare. Children should be seasoned betimes, and lesson- ed into a contempt and detestation of this vice. L'Estrange. Le'ssor, leYsdr.168 n. s. One who lets any thing to farm, or otherwise, by lease. Lords of the world have but for life their lease, And that too, if the lessor please, must cease. Denham. If he demises the glebe to a layman, the tenant must pay the small tithes to the vicar, and the great tithes to the lessor. Ayliffe's Parergon. Lest, l£st, or leest. conj. [from the adjec- tive least.] 1. This particle may sometimes be re- solved into that not, meaning preven- tion or care lest a thing should happen. Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed, lest if he should exceed, then thy brother should seem vile. Deuteronomy. Lest they faint At the sad sentence rigorously urg'd All terror hide. Milton. My labour will sustain me, and lest cold Or heat should injure us, his timely care Hath unbesought provided. Milton. King Luitprand brought hither the corps, lest it might be abused by the barbarous nations. Addison. It sometimes means only that, with a kind of emphasis. One doubt Pursues me still, lest all I cannot die, Lest that pure breath of life, the spirit of man, Which God inspir'd, cannot together perish With this corporeal clod. Milton. Le'stercock, leVtur-kok. n. s. They have a device of two sticks filled with corks, and crossed flatlong, out of whose midst there riseth a thread, and at the same hangeth a sail; to this engine, termed a leatercock, they tie one end of their boulter, so as the wind coming from the shore fillcth the sail, and the sail car- rieth the boulter into the sea, which, after the respite of some hours, is drawn in again by a cord fastened at the nearer end. Carew. To LET, let. v. a. [lsetan, Saxon.] I. To allow; to suffer; to permit. Nay, nay, quoth he, let be your strife and doubt. Fairfax. Where there is a certainty and an uncertainty, let the uncertainty go, aud hold to that which is certain. Bishop Sanderson. On the crowd be cast a furious look, Aud wither'd all their strength before he spoke; Back on your lives, let be, said he, my prey, And let my vengeance take the destin'd way. Dryd. Remember me; speak, Raymond, will you let him? Shall he remember Leonora? Dryden. We must not let go manifest truths, because we cannot answer all questions about them. Collier. One who fixes his thoughts intently on one thing, so as to take but little notice of the succession of ideas in his mind, lets slip out of bis account a good part of that duration. Locke. A solution of mercury in aqua fortis being poured upon iron, copper, tin, or lead, dissolves the metal, and lets go the mercury. Newton. 2. A sign of the optative mood used be- fore the first, and imperative before the third person. Before the first person singular it signifies resolution, fixed purpose, or ardent wish. Let me die with the Philistines. Judges. Here let me sit, And hold high converse with the mighty dead. Thomson. 3. Before the first person plural, let im- plies exhortation. Rise; let us go. Mark. Let us seek out some desolate shade. Shakspeare. 4. Before the third person, singular or plural, let implies permission. Let Euclid rest, and Archimedes pause. Milton. 5. Or precept. Let the soldiers seize him from one of the assas- sinates. Dryden. 5. Sometimes it implies concession. O'er golden sands let rich Pactolus flow, Or trees weep amber on the banks of Po, While by our oaks the precious loads are born, And realms commanded which those trees adorn. Pope. 7. Before a thing in the passive voice, let implies command. Let not the objects which ought to be contiguous be separated, and let those which ought to be sepa- rated be apparently so to us; but let this be done by a small and pleasing difference. Dryden. 8. Let has an infinitive mood after it with- out the particle to, as in the former ex- amples. But one submissive word which you let fall, Will make him in good humour with us all. Dryden. The seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie still. Exodus. 9. To leave: in this sense it is commonly followed by alone. They did me too much injury, That ever said I hearken'd for your death. If it were so, I might have let alone Th' insulting hand of Douglas over you. Shakspeare. The public outrages of a destroying tyranny are but childish appetites, let alone till they are grown ungovernable. L'Estrange. Let me alone to accuse him afterwards. Dryden. This is of no use, and had been better let alone: LET LET LET he is fain to resolve all into present possession. Locke. Nestor, do not let us alone till you have shortened our necks, and reduced them to their ancient stan- dard. Addison. This notion might be let alone and despised, as a piece of harmless unintelligible enthusiasm. Rogers. 10. To more than permit; to give. There's a letter for you, sir, if your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is. Shakspeare. 11. To put to hire; to grant to a tenant. Solomon had a vineyard at Baal Hamon; he let the vineyard unto keepers. Canticles. Nothing deadens so much the composition of a picture, as figures which appertain not to the sub- ject; we may call them figures to be let. Dryden. She let her second floor to a very genteel man. Tutler. A law was enacted, prohibiting all bishops, and other ecclesiastical corporations, from letting their lands for above the term of twenty years. Swift. 12. To suffer any thing to take a course which requires no impulsive violence. In this sense it is commonly joined with a particle. She let them down by a cord through the window, Joshua. Launch out into the deep, and let doicn your nets for a draught. Luke. Let down thy pitcher, that I may drink. Genesis. The beginning of strife is as when one letteth out water. Proverbs. As terebration doth meliorate fruit, so doth prick- ing vines or trees after they be of some growth, and thereby letting forth gum or tears. Bacon. And if I knew which way to do't, Your honour safe, I'd let you ouZ. Hudibras. The letting out our love to mutable objects doth but enlarge our hearts, and make them the wider marks for fortune to be wounded. Boyle. My heart sinks in me while I hear him speak, And every slacken'd fibre drops its hold; Like nature letting doion the springs of life. Dryd. From this point of the story, the poet is let doion to his traditional poverty. Pope's Essay on Homer. You may let it down, that is, make it softer by tempering it. Moxon's Mechanical Exercises. 13. To permit to take any state or course. Finding an ease in not understanding, he let loose his thoughts wholly to pleasure. Sidney. Let reason teach impossibility in any thing, and the will of man doth let it go. Hooker. He was let loose among the woods as soon as he was able to ride on horseback, or carry a gun. Spectator. 14. To Let blood, is elliptical for to let out blood. To free it from confinement; to suffer it to stream out of the vein. Be rul'd by me; Let's purge this cholcr without letting blood. Shak. His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries To-morrow are let blood at Pomfret castle. Shaksp. Hippocrates let great quantities of blood, and opened several veins at a time. Arbuthnot. 15. To Let blood, is used with a dative of the person whose blood is let. As terebration doth meliorate fruits, so doth let- ting plants blood, as pricking vines, thereby letting forth tears. Bacon. 16. To Let in. To admit. Let in your king, whose labour'd spirits Crave harbourage within your city walls. Shaksp. Roscctes presented his army before the gates of the city; in hopes that the citizens would raise some tumult, and let him in. knolles. What boots it at one gate to make defence, And at another to lit in the foe, Effeminately vanquish'd? Milton's Agonistus. The more tender our spirits are made by religion, the more easy we are to let in grief, if the cause be innocent. Taylor. They but preserve the ashes, thou the flame, True to his sense, but truer to his fame, Fording his current, where thou find'st it low, Let'st in thiiie own to make it rise and flow. Denh. To give a period to my life, and to his fears you're welcome; here's a throat, a heart, or any other part, ready to let in death, and receive his com- mands. Denham. 17. If a noun follows, for let in, let into is required. It is the key that lets them tnZo their very heart, and enables them to command all that is there. South's Sermons. There are pictures of such as have been distin- guished by their birth and miracles, with inscrip- tions that let you into the name and history of the person represented. Addison. Most historians have spoken of ill success, and terrible events, as if they had been let into the se- crets of Providence, and made acquainted with that private conduct by which the world is governed. Addison. These are not mysteries for ordinary readers to be let into. Addison. As we rode through the town, I was let into the characters of all the inhabitants; one was a dog, another a whelp, and another a cur. Addison. 18. To Let in, or into. To procure ad- mission. They should speak properly and correctly, where- by they may let their thoughts into other men's minds the more easily. Locke. As soon as they have hewn down any quantity of the rocks, they let in their springs and reservoirs among their works. Addison. 19. To Let off. To discharge. Originally used of an arrow dismissed from the gripe, and therefore suffered to fly off the string: now applied to guns. Charging my pistol with powder, I cautioned the emperor not to be afraid, and then let it o/in the air- Swift. 20. To Let out. To lease out; to give to hire or farm. Tor LET' ^ v' a' CIeccan, Saxon.] I. To hinder; to obstruct; to oppose. Their senses are not letted from enjoying their ob- jects: we have the impediments of honour, and the torments of conscience. Sidney. To glorify him in all things, is to do nothing whereby the name of God may be blasphemed; no- thing whereby the salvation of Jew or Grecian, or any in the church of Christ, may be let or hindered. Hooker. Leave, ah, leave off, whatever wight thou be, To let a weary wretch from her due rest, And trouble dying soul's tranquillity! Fairy Q. Wherefore do ye let the people from their work' go you unto your burdens. Exodus. The mystery of iniquity doth already work; only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the, way- , 2 Thessalonians. I will work, and who will let it? haiah And now no longer letted of his prey, He leaps up at it with enrag'd desire, O'erlooks the neighbours with a wide survey, And nods at every house his threatening fire. Dryd 2. To Let, when it signifies to permit or leave, has let in the preterit and part. passive; but when it signifies to hinder, it has letted; as, multa me impedierunt, many things have letted me. Introduction to Grammar. To Let, let. v. n. To forbear; to withhold himself. After king Ferdinando had taken upon him the person of a fraternal ally to the king, he would not let to counsel the king. Bacon Let, let. n. s. [from the verb.] Hinder- ance; obstacle; obstruction; impedi- ment. The secret lets and difficulties in public proceed- ings are innumerable and inevitable. Hooker. Solyman without let presented his army before the city of Belgrade. Knolles' History of the Turks. It had been done ere this, had I been consul: We had had no stop, no let. Ben Jonson. Just judge, two lets remove; that free from dread, I may before thy high tribunal plead. Sandys. To these internal dispositions to sin, add the ex- ternal opportunities and occasions concurring with them, and removing all lets and rubs out of the way, and making the path of destruction plain before the sinner's face; so that he may run his course freely. South. Let, ldt. the termination of diminutive words; from lyte, Saxon, little, small; as, rivulet, a small stream; hamlet, a lit- tle village. Letha'rgick, le-fAar'jik.609 adj. [let bar- giques Fr. from lethargy.] Sleepy by disease, beyond the natural power of sleep. Vengeance is as if minutely proclaimed in thun- der from heaven, to give men no rest in their sins, till they awake from the lethargick sleep, and arise from so dead, so mortiferous a state. Hammond. Let me but try if I can wake his pity From his lethargick sleep. Denham's Sophy. A lethargy demands the same cure and diet as an apoplexy from a phlegmatic case, such being the constitution of the lethargick. Arbuthnot. Letha'rgickness, le-f/;ar'jik-n£s. n. s. [from lethargick.] Morbid sleepiness; drowsiness to a disease. A grain of glory mixt with humbleness, Cures both a fever, and lethargickness. Herbert. Le'thargied, levA'ar-jld. adj. [from lethargy.] Laid asleep; entranced. His motion weakens, or his discernings Are lethargied. Shakspeare's King Lear. LE'THARGY, le/A'ar-je. n. a. [M^yix; lethargie, Fr.] A morbid drowsiness; a sleep from which one cannot be kept awake. The lethargy must have his quiet course; If not, he foams at mouth, and by and by Breaks out to savage madness. Shakspeare. Though bis eye is open, as the morning's, Towards lusts and pleasures; yet so fast a lethargy Has seiz'd his powers towards public cares and dangers, He sleeps like death. Denham's Sophy. Europe lay then under a deep lethargy; and was no otherwise to be rescued from it but by one that would ciy mightily. Atterbury. A lethargy is a lighter sort of apoplexy, and de- mands the same cure and diet. Arbuthnot. Le'the, le'the. n. s. [a*$».] Oblivion; a draught of oblivion. The conquering wine hath steept our sense In soft and delicate lelhe. Shaksp. Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls His wat'ry labyrinth, which whoso drinks Forgets both joy and grief. Milton. Le'tter, ldt'tur.98 n. s. [from let.] 1. One who lets or permits. 2. One who hinders. 3. One who gives vent to any thing: as, a blood-letter. LETTER, let'tur. ji. a. [lettre, French; litera, Lat.] 1. One of the elements of syllables; a character in the alphabet. A superscription was mitten over him in letter$ of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. Luke. Thou whoreson Zed! thou unnecessary letter! a • Shaksp. 2. A written message; an epistle. LEV LEV LE V Ti.fy usd to write it on the top of letters. Shaksp. 1 have a Utter from her Of such contents as you will wonder at. Shaksj). When a Spaniard would write a letter by him, lhe Indian would man el how it should be possible, that he, to whom he came, should be able to kuo-.v all things. Abbot. The asses will do veiy well for trumpeters, and the hares will make excellent letter carriers. L'Estrange. The stile of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural; as near approaching to familiar conversa- tion as possible: the two best qualities in conversa- tion are, good humour and good breeding: those let- ters are therefore certainly the best that shew the most of these two qualities. Walsh. Mi's. P. B has writ to me, and is one of the best letter writers I know; very good sense, civility, and friendship, without any stiffness or constraint. Swift. 3. The verbal expression; the literal meaning. Touching translations of holy scripture, we may not disallow of their painful travels herein, who strictly have tied themselves to the very original ZeZZer. Hooker. In obedience to human laws, we must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the rea- son of the law, and the intention of the lawgiver. Taylor. Those words of his must be understood not ac- cording to the bare rigour of the letter, but accord- ing to the allowances of expression. South. What! since the pretor did my fetters loose, And left me freely at my own dispose, May I not live without controul and awe, Excepting still the letter of the law? Dryden. 4. Letters without the singular: learning. The Jews marvelled, saying, How knoweth this man letters, having never learned? John. 5. Any thing to be read. Good laws are at best but a dead letter. Addison. 6. Type with which books are printed. The iron ladles that letter founders use to the casting of printing letters, are kept constantly in melting metal. Moxon. To Le'tter, leYtur. v. a. [from letter.] To stamp w"ith letters. I observed one weight lettered on both sides; and I found on one side, written in the dialect of men, and underneath it, calamities; on the other side was written, in the language of the gods, and under- neath, blessings. Addison. LE/TTERED,let'u'ir'd.:,s9adj. [from letter.] Literate; educated to learning. A martial man, not sweetened by a lettered edu- cation, is apt to have a tincture of sourness. Collier. Le'ttuce, leYtls. n. s. [lactuca, Lat.] The species are, common or garden lettuce; cab- bage lettuce; Silesia lettuce; white and black cos; white cos; red capuchin lettuce. Miller. Fat colworts, and comforting purseline, Cold lettuce, and refreshing rosemarine. Spenser. Lettuce is thought to be poisonous, when it is so old as to have miik. Bacon. The medicaments proper to diminish milk, are lettuce, purslane, endive. Wiseman. LEVANT, le-vant'. adj. [levant, Fr.] Eastern. Thwart of those, as fierce Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds, Eui^s and Zephyr. Milton. Le'vant, le-vant'. n. s. The east, particu- larly those coasts of the Mediterranean east of Italy. LEVA'TOR, le-va't6r.168 «« n. s. [Lat.] A chirurgical instrument, whereby de- pressed parts of the skull are lifted up. Some surgeons bring out the bone in the bore; but it will be safer to rai-c it up with your levator, when it is but lightly retained in some part. Wisem. LEUCOPHLE'GMACY,li'*-k6-fl£g'ma-s6. 71. 8. [from leucophlej natick.] Paic.iess. with viscid juices and cold swea'ings. Spirits produce debility, flatulency, fevers, leucc- phlegmacy, and dropsies. Arbuthnot. Leccophlegma'tick, lu-ko-fi"e\- 'i.at'lk. 109 adj. [tevKis and phiyf*.*.] .'laving such a constitution cZ with the ground. Sandys. 3. To lay flat. We know by experience, that all downright rains do evermore dissever the violence of outrageous winds, and beat down and level the swelling and mountainous billows of the sea. Raleigh. With unresisted might the monarch reigns, He levels mountains, and he raises plains; And not regarding diff'rence of degree, Abas'd your daughter, and exalted me. Dryden. 4. To bring to equality of condition. Reason can never assent to the admission of those brutish appetites which would over-run the soul, and level its superior with its inferior faculties. Decay of Piety. 5. To point in taking aim; to aim. Each at the head Level'd his deadly aim. Milton. One to the gunners on St. Jago's tow'r, Bid 'em for shame level their cannon lower. Dryd. Iron globes which on the victor host Level'd with such impetuous fury smote. Milton. The construction I believe is nou globes level'd on the host, but globes level'd smote on the host. 6. To direct to an end. The whole body of puritans was drawn to be abettors of all villainy by a few men, whose designs from the first were levelled to destroy both religion and government. Swift. 7. To suit; to proportion. Behold the law And rule of beings in your Maker's mind: And tbence like limbecks, rich ideas draw, To fit the levell'd use of human kind. Dryden. To Le'vel, lev'vll. v. n. I. To aim at; to bring the gun or arrow to the same line with the mark. The glory of God and the good of his church, was the thing which the apostles aimed at, and there- fore ought to be the mark whereat we also level. Hooker. 2. To conjecture; to attempt to guess. I pray thee overname them; and, as thou namest them I will describe them; and, according to my description, level at my affection. Sliaksp. 3. To be in the same direction with a mark. He to his engine flew, Plac'd near at hand in open view, And rais'd it till it levell'd right, Against the glow-worm tail of kite. Hudibras. 4. To make attempts; to aim. Ambitious York did level at thy crown. Shaksp. 5. To efface distinction or superiority: as, infamy is always trying lo level. Le'vel, leVvil. n. a. [from the adjective.] I. A plane; a surface without protube- rances or inequalities. After draining of the level in Northamptonshire, innumerable mice did upon a sudden arise. Hale. Those bred in a mountainous country oversize those that dwell on low levels. Sandys. 2. Rate; standard; customary height. Love of her made us raise up our thoughts above the ordinary level of the world, so as great clerks do not disdain our conference. Sidney. The praises of military men inspired me with thoughts above my ordinary level. Dryden. 3. Suitable or proportionate height. It might perhaps advance their minds so far Above the level of subjection, as T' assume to them the glory of that war. Daniel. 4. A state of equality. The time is not far off when we shall be upon the level; I am resolved to anticipate the time, and be upon the level with them now: for he is so that nei- ther seeks nor wants them. Atterbury. Providence, for the most part, sets us upon a le- vel, and observes proportions in its dispensations to- waf-dsus- u u Spectator. I suppose by the style of old friends, and the like, it must be somebody there of his own level; amon* whom Ins party have, indeed, more friends than ! could wish. Swif( 5. An instrument whereby masons adjust their work. The level is from two to ten feet long, that it may reach over a considerable length of the work: if the plumb-line hang just upon the perpendicular, when the level is set flat down upon the work, the work is evel; but if it hangs on either side the perpendicu- lar, the floor or work must be raised on that side, till the plumb-line hang exactly on the perpendicu- c. n i . M°xon b. Kule; plan; scheme: borrowed from the mechanick level. Be the fair level of thy actions laid, As temp'rance wills, and prudence may persuade And try if life be worth the liver's care. Prior- LEV LEV LE W ". The line of direction in which any mis- sive weapon is aimed. 1 stood i' th' level Of a full charg'd confederacy, and gave thanks To you that chok'd it. Shaksp. As if that name, Shot from the deadly level of a gun, Did murther her. Shaksp. Thrice happy is that humble pair, Beneath the level of all care, Over whose heads those arrows fly, Of sad distrust and jealousy. TFaZZer. 8. The line in which the sight passes. Fir'd at first sight with what the muse imparts, In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts, While from the bounded level of our mind Short views we take, nor see the lengths behind. Pope. Le'veller, leVvil-liir. n. a. [from level.] 1. One who makes any thing even. 2. One who destroys superiority; one who endeavours to bring all to the same state of equality. You are an everlasting leveller; you won't allow encouragement to extraordinary merit. Collier. Le'velness, leVvil-ne's. n. s. [from level.] 1. Evenness; equality of surface. 2. Equality with something else. The river Tiber is expressed lying along, for so you must remember to draw rivers, to express their levelness with the earth. Peacham. Le'ven, leVven.103 n. s. [levain, French. Commonly, though less properly, writ- ten leaven; see Leaven.] 1. Ferment; that which being mixed with bread makes it rise and ferment. 2. Any thing capable of changing the nature of a greater mass. The matter fermenteth upon the old leven, and becometh more acrid. Wiseman. The pestilential levains conveyed in goods. Arb. Le'ver, le'vilr.98 n. s. [levier, French.] The second mechanical power, is a balance sup- ported by a hypomochlion; only the centre is not in the middle, as in the common balance, but near one end; for which reason it is used to elevate or raise a great weight; whence comes the name lever. Harris. Have you any leavers to lift me up again, being down? Shaksp. Some draw with cords, and some the monster drive With rolls and levers. Denham. In a lever, the motion can be continued only for so short a space, as may be answerable to that little distance betwixt the fulciment and the weight, which is always by so much lesser, as the dispro- portion betwixt the weight and the power is greater, and the motion itself more easy. JFilkins. Some hoisting leavers, some the wheels prepare. Dryden. Le'veret, leVvur-it. n. s. [lievret, Fr.] A young hare. Their travels o'er that silver field does show, Like track of leverets in morning snow. Waller. Le'vet, le-veY. n. s. [from lever, Fr.] A blast on the trumpet; probably that by which the soldiers are called in the morning. He that led the cavalcade Wore a sowgelder's flagellet, On which he blew as strong a levet As well-fee'd lawyer on his breviate. Hudibras. Le'verook, le'vi\r-66k. n. s. [lapepe, Saxon.] This word is retained in Scot- land, and denotes the lark. The smaller birds have their particular seasons; as, the leverook. Walton. VOL. II. If the lufft fa' 'twill smoore aw the leverooks. Scotch Prov. Le'viable, lev've-a-bl.406 adj. [from le- vy.] That may be levied. The sums which any agreed to pay, and were not brought in, were to be ZetrtaoZe by course of law. Bacon. LEVI'AT HAN, le-vl'a-^an. n. s. [.frv?V] A water animal mentioned in the book of Job.. By some imagined the croco- dile, but in poetry generally taken for the whale. We may, as bootless, spend our vain command Upon th' inraged soldiers in their spoil, As send our precepts to the leviathan To come ashore. Shaksp. Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? Job. More to embroil the deep, leviathan, And his unwieldy train, in dreadful sport Tempest the loosen'd brine. Thomson. To LE'VIGATE, lev've-gate. v. a. [la- vigo, Lat.] 1. To rub or grind to an impalpable pow- der. 2. To mix till the liquor becomes smooth and uniform. The chyle is white, as consisting of salt, oil, and water, much levigated or smooth. Arbuthnot. Leviga'tion, lev-e-ga'shiln. n. a. [from levigate.] Levigation is the reducing of hard bodies, as co- ral, tutty, and precious stones, into a subtile powder, by grinding upon marble with a muller; but unless the instruments are extremely hard, they will so wear as to double the weight of the medicine. Quincy. Le'vite, 16'vite.156 n. 8. [levita, Lat. from Levi.] I. One of the tribe of Levi; one born to the office of priesthood among the Jews. In the Christian church, the office of deacons suc- ceeded in the place of the levites among the Jews, who were as ministers and servants to the priests. Ayliffe. 2. A priest: used in contempt. Levi'tical, le-vit'td-kal. adj. [from le- vite.] Belonging to the Levites; mak- ing pari of the religion of the Jews. By the levitical law, both the man and the woman were stoned to death; so heinous a crime was adul- tery. Ayliffe. Le'vitv, leVve-te. n. s. [levitas, Latin.] I. Lightness; not heaviness; the quality by which any body has less weight than another. He gave the form of levity to that which ascend- ed; to that which descended, the form of gravity. Raleigh. This bubble, by reason of its comparative levity to the fluidity that encloses it, would ascend to the top. Bentley. Inconstancy; changeableness. They eveiy day, broached some new thing; which restless levity they did interpret to be their growing in spiritual perfection. Hooker. Where wigs with wigs, with sword-knots sword- knots strive, Beaus banish beans, and coaches coaches drive, This erring mortals levity may call. Pope. 3. Unsteadiness; laxity of mind. I unbosom'd all my secrets to thee; Not out of levity, but over-power'd By thy request. Milton. 4. Idle pleasure; vanity. He never employed his omnipotence out of levity or ostentation, but as the necessities of men requir- ed. Calamy. I F 5. Trifling gayety; want of seriousness Our graver business frowns at this levity. Shaksp. Hopton abhorred the licence, and the levitie?, with which he paw too many corrupted. Clarendon. That spirit n afflictively. Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou hast af- flicted me with all thy waves. Psahns. He that commits a sin shall find The pressing guilt lie heavy on his mind, Though bribes or favour shall assert his cause. Creech. Shew the power of religion, in abating that par- ticular anguish which seems to lie so heavy on Leo- nora. Addison. 11. To be troublesome or tedious. Suppose kings, besides the entertainment of lux- ury, should have spent their time, at least what lay upon their hands, in chemistry, it cannot be denied but princes may pass their time advantageously that way. Temple. I would recommend the studies of knowledge to the female world, that they may not be at a loss how to employ those hours that lie upon their hands. Addison's Guardian. 12. To be judicially imputed. If he should intend his voyage towards my wife, I would turn her loose to him; and what he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head. Shak. 13. To be in any particular state. If money go before, all ways do lie open. Shaks. The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceas- el"* Isaiah. The seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie still. Exodus. Do not think that the knowledge of any particular subject cannot be improved, merely because it has Zain without improvement. Watts. 14. To be in a state of concealment. Many, things in them lie concealed to us, which they who were concerned understood at first sight. Locke. 15. To be in prison. LIE LIE LIE Your imprisonment shall not be long; I will deliver you, or else lie for you. Shakspeare 16. To be in a bad state. Why will youZie pining and pinching yourself in such a lonesome, starving course of life? L'Estr. The generality of mankind lie pecking at one another, till one by one they are all torn to pieces. L'Estrange. Are the gods to do your drudgery, and you lie bellowing with your finger in your mouth? L'Estr 17. To be in a nelpicss or exposed state. To see a hated person superior, and to lie under the anguish of a disadvantage, is far enough from diversion. Collier. It is but a very small comfort, that a plain man, lying under a sharp fit of the stone for a week, re- ceives from this fine sentence. Tilktson. As a man should always be upon his guard against the vices to which he is most exposed, so we should take a more than ordinary care not to lie at the mer- cy of the weather in our moral conduct. Addison The maintenance of the clergy is precarious; and collected from a most miserable race of farmers, at whose mercy every minister lies to be defrauded. Swift. 18. To consist. The image of it gives me content already, and I trust it will grow to a most prosperous perfection.— It lies much in your holding up. Shakspeare. He that thioks that diversion may not lie in hard labour, forgets the early rising, and hard riding ot huntsmen. Locke 19. To be in the power; to belong to. Do'st thou endeavour, as much as in thee lies, to preserve the lives of all men? Duppa. He shews himself very malicious if he knows I deserve credit, and yet goes about to blast it, as much as iu him lies Stillingfieet. Mars is the warrior's God; in him it lies On whom he favours to confer the prize. Dryden 20. To be valid in a court of judicature as, an action lieth against one. 21. To cost: as, it lies me in more money. 22. To Lie at. To importune; to tease. 23. To Lie by. To rest; to remain still. Ev'ry thing that heard him play, Ev'n the billows of the sea, Hung their heads, and then lay by; In sweet musick is such art, Killing care, and grief of heart, Fall asleep, or hearing die. Shakspeare 24. To Lie down. To rest; to go into a state of repose. The leopard shall lie down with the kid. Isaiah The needy shall lie down in safety. Isaiah. 25. To Lie down To sink into the grave. His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie doion with him in the dust. Job. 26. To Lie in. To be in childbed. As for all other good women that love to do but little work, how handsome it is to lie in and sleep, or to louse themselves in the sunshine, they that have been but a while in Ireland can well witness. Spens. You confine yourself most unreasonably. Come; you must go visit the lady that Ztes in. Shakspeare. She had Zain in, and her right breast had been apostemated. Wiseman's Surgery The doctor has practised by sea and land,and there' fore cures the green sickness and lyings in. Sped V\ hen Florimel design'd to lie privately in; She chose with such prudence her pangs to conceal That her nurse, nay her midwife, scarce heard her once squeal. Prior Hysterical affections are contracted by accidents in lyi&g in. Arbuthnot on Diet 27- To Lie under. To be subject to; to be oppressed by. A generous person will lie under a great disad- »uiitii;;i\ Smalridg- This mistake never ought to be imputed to Dry- den, but to those who suffered so noble a genius to lie under necessity. Pope. Europe lay then under a deep lethargy, and was no otherwise to be rescued but by one that would cry mightily. Atterbury. 28. To Lie upon. To become the matter of obligation or duty. These are not places merely of favour, the charge of souls Ztes upon them; the greatest account whereof will be required at their hands. Bacon. It should lie upon him to make out how matter, by undirected motion, could at first necessarily fall, without ever erring or miscarrying, into such a cu- rious formation of human bodies. Bentlcy. 29. To Lie with. To converse in bed. Pardon me, Bassanio, For by this ring she lay with me. Shakspeare. 30. It may be observed of this word in general, that it commonly implies some- thing of sluggishness, inaction, or stea- diness, applied to persons; and some gravity or permanency of condition, ap- plied to things. Lief, leef.273 adj. [leop, Saxon; lief, Dutch.] Dear; beloved. Obsolete. My liefest lord she thus beguiled had, For he was flesh; all flesh doth frailty breed. Spens. You, with the rest, Causeless have laid disgraces on my head; And with your best endeavour have stirred up My liefest liege to be mine enemy. Shakspeare. Lief, leef.27" adv. Willingly; now used only in familiar speech. If I could speak so wisely under an arrest, I would send for certain of my creditors; and yet to say the truth, I had as lief have the foppery of freedom, as the morality of imprisonment. Shakspeare. Liege, leedje.-78 adj. [lige, Fr. Ugio, Ita- lian; ligius, low Latin.] 1. Bound by some feudal tenure; subject: whence liegeman for subject. 2. Sovereign. [This signification seems to have accidentally risen from the for- mer, the lord of liege men, being by mis- take called liege lord.] Did not the whole realm acknowledge Henry VIII. for their king and liege lord? Spenser. My lady Ztege, said he, What all your sex desire is sovereignty. D)-yden. So much of it as is founded on the law of nature, may be stiled natural religion; that is to say, a de- votedness unto God our liege lord, so as to act in all things according to his will. Grew's Cosmology. Liege, le£dje. n. a. Sovereign; superiour lord: scarcely in use. O pardon me, my liege\ but for my tears I had forestall'd this dear and deep rebuke. Shaks. The other part reserv'd I by consent, For that my sovereign liege was in my debt. Shaks. The natives dubious whom They must obey, in consternation wait Till rigid conquest will pronounce their liege. Phil. Li'egeman, leedje'man.88 n. s. [from liege and 7nctm] A subject. Not in use. This liegeman 'gan to wax more bold, And when he felt the folly of his lord, In his own kind, he 'gan nimself unfold. Spenser. Sith then the ancestors of those that now live, yielded themselves then subjects and liegemen, shall it not tye their children to the same subjection. Spenser on Ireland. Stand, ho! who is there? —Friends to this ground, and liegemen to the Dane. Shakspeare. Li'eger, lee'j the law- ful magistrate, who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God, from whom he derives his power of life and death. Bramhall against Hobbes. Sent by our new lieutenant, who in Kome, And since from me, has heard of your renown: I come to offer p^ace. Philips' Briton. 2. In war, one who holds the next rank to a superiour of any denomination; as, a general has his lieutenant general, a co- lonel his lieutenant colonel, and a cap- tain simply Ids lieutenant. It were meet that such captains only were em- ployed as have formerly served in that country, and been at least lieutenants there. Spenser According to military custom the place was good and the lieutenant of the colonel's company mHit well pretend to the next vacant captainship. Wotton The carl of Essex was made lieutenant g-nuat c LIF LIF LIF «!• army; the most popular man of the kingdom, and the darling of the swordmen. Clarendon. His lieutenant, engaging against his positive or- ders, being beaten by Lysandc-r, Alcibiades was again banished. Swift. Canst thou so many gallant soldiers see, And captains and lieutenants slight for me? Gay. Lieu tenantship, lfiv-teTi'nant-ship. n. s. [from lieutenant.] The rank or office of lieutenant. Life, life. n. s. plural lives, [hpian, to live, Saxon.] I. Union and co-operation of soul with body; vitality; animation, opposed to an inanimate state. On thy life no more. —My life 1 never held but as a pawn To wage against thy foes. Shakspeare. She shews a body rather than a life, A statue than a breather. Shakspeare. Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life. Genesis. The identity of the same man consists in nothing but a participation of the same continued life, by constantly fleeting particles of matter in succession vitally united to the same organized body. Locke. 2. Present state; as distinct from other parts of human existence. O life, thou nothing's younger brother! So like, that we may take the one for t'other! Dream of a shadow! a reflection made From the false glories of the gay reflected bow, Is more a solid thing than thou! Thou weak built isthmus, that dost proudly rise Up betwixt two eternities; Yet canst not wave nor wind sustain, But broken and o'erwhelm'd the ocean meets again. Cowley. When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat; Yet fool'd by hope men favour the deceit, Live on, and think to-morrow will repay; To-morrow's falser than the former day; Lies more; and when it says we shall be blest With some new joy, takes off what we possest. Strange cozenage! none would live past years again, Yet all hope pleasure in what yet remain; And from the dregs of life think to receive What the first sprightly running could not give: i'm tir'd of waiting for this chemick gold, Which fools us young, and beggars us when old. Dryden. Howe'er 'tis well that while mankind Through life's perverse meanders errs, He can imagin'd pleasures find, To combat against real cares. Prior. So peaceful shalt thou end thy blissful days, And steal thyself from life by slow decays. Pope. 3. Enjoyment, or possession of existence, as opposed to death. Then avarice 'gan through his veins to inspire His greedy flames, and kindle life devouring fire. Spenser. Their complot is to have my life: And, if my death might make this island happy, And prove the period of their tyranny, 1 would expend it with all willingness. Shakspeare. Nor love thy life, nor hate; but what thou liv'st Live well, how long or short permit to Heav'n. Milton. He entreated me not to take his life, but exact a sum of money. Broome on the Odyssey. 4. Blood, supposed the vehicle of life. His gushing entrails smoak'd upon the ground, And the warm life came issuing through the wound. Pope. 5. Conduct; manner of living with respect to virtue or vice. His faith perhaps in some nice tenets might Be wrong; his life I'm sure was in the right. • Cowley. Henry and Edward, brightest sons of fame, And virtuous Alfred, a more sacred name; After a life of glorious toils endur'd, Clos'd their long glories with a sigh. Pope. I'll teach my family to lead good lives. Mrs. Barker, 6. Condition; manner of living with re- spect to happiness and misery. Such was the life the frugal Sabines led; So Remus and his brother god were bred. Dryden. 7. Continuance of our present state: as, half his life was spent in study. Some have not any clear ideas all their lives. Locke. Untam'd and fierce the tyger still remains, And tires his life with biting on his chains. Prior. The administration of this bank is for life, and partly in the hands of the chief citizens. Addison. 8. The living form: opposed to copies. That is the best part of* beauty which a picture cannot express, no, nor the first sight of the life. Bacon's Essays. Let him visit eminent persons of great name abroad, that he may tell how the life agreeth with the fame. Bacon. He that would be a master, must draw by the life as well as copy from originals, and join theory and experience together. Collier. 9. Exact resemblance: with to before it. I believe no character of any person was ever better diawn to the life than this. Denham. Rich carvings, portraiture, and imag'ry, Where ev'ry figure to the life express'd The godhead's pow'r. Dryden. He saw in order painted on the wall The wars that fame around the world had blown, All to the life, and every leader known. Dryden. 10. General state of man. Studious they appear Of arts that polish life; inventors rare! Unmindful of their Maker. Milton. All that cheers or softens life, The tender sister, daughter, friend, and wife. Pope. 11. Common occurrences; human affairs; the course of things. This I know, not only by reading of books in my study, but also by experience of life abroad in the world. Ascham. Not to know at large of things remote From use, obscure and subtile; but to know That which before us lies in daily life, Is the prime wisdom. Milton. 12. Living person. Why should I play the Roman fool, and die On my own sword? whilst I see lives the gashes Do better upon them. Shakspeare. 13. Narrative of a life past. Plutarch, that writes his life, Tells us, that Cato dearly lov'd his wife. Pope. 14. Spirit; briskness; vivacity; resolution. The Helots bent thitherward with a new life of resolution, as if their captain had been a root out of which their courage had sprung. Sidney. They have no notion of life and fire in fancy and in words, and any thing that is just in grammar and in measure, is as good oratory and poetry to them as the best. Felton. Not with half the fire and life, With which he kiss'd Amphytrion's wife. Prior. 15. Animal; animated existence; animal being. Full nature swarms with life. Thomson. 16. System of animal nature. Liyes through all life. Pope. 17. Life is also used of vegetables, and whatever grows and decays. Li'FEBLooD,life'blud. n.a. [life and blood.] The blood necessary to life; the vital blood. This sickness doth infect The very lifeblood of our enterprize. Shakspeare. How couldst thou drain the lifeblood ot the child? Shakspeare. His forehead struck the ground, Lifeblood and life rush'd mingled through the wound Dryden They lov'd with that calm and noble value which dwells in the heart, with a warmth like that of life- blood. Spectator. Money, the lifeblood of the nation, Corrupts and stagnates in the veins, Unless a proper circulation Its motion and its heat maintains. Swift. Lifeeverla'sting, life'dv-vfir-last-lng. An herb. Ainsworth. Li'fegiving, life'giv-lng. adj. [life and giving.] Having the power to give life. His own heat, Kindled at first from heaven's lifegiving fire. Spens. He sat devising death To them who liv'd; nor on the virtue thought Of that lifegiving plant. _ Milton. Lifegua'rd, life-gyard'. n. s. [life and guard.] The guard of a king's person. Li'feless, life'les. adj. [from life.] I. Dead; deprived of life. I who make the triumph of to-day, May of to-morrow's pomp one part appear, Ghastly with wounds, and lifeless on the bier. Prior. 2. Unanimated; void of life. Was I to have never parted from thy side? As good have grown there still a lifeless rib! Milton. Thus began Outrage from lifeless things. Milton. The power which produces their motions, springs from something without themselves: if this power were suspended, they would become a lifeless un- active heap of matter. Cheyne. And empty words she gave, and sounding strain, But senseless, lifeless! idol void and vain. Pope. 3. Wanting power, force, or spirit. Hopeless and helpless doth iEgeon wend, But to procrastinate his lifeless end. Shakspeare. Unknowing to command, proud to obey A lifeless king, a royal shade I lay. Prior. 4. Wanting or deprived of physical en- ergy. The other victor-flame a moment stood, Then fell, and lifeless left th' extinguish'd wood. Dryden. Li'felessly, life'lSs-le. adv. [from life- leaa.] Without vigour; frigidly; jejune- Li'felike, life'like. adj. [life and like.] Like a living person. Minerva, lifelike, on embodied air Impress'd the form of Ipthema the fair. Pope. Li'festring, life'string n. a. [life and atring.] Nerve; string imagined to con- vey life. These lines are the veins, the arteries, The undecaying lifestrings of those hearts That still shall pant, and still shall exercise The motion spirit and nature both impart. Daniel. Li'fetime, life'time. n. s. [life and time.] Continuance or duration of life. Jordain talked prose all his life-time, without knowing what it was. Addison. Li'fe weary, life'we-re. adj. [life and weary.] Wretched; tired of living. Let me have A dram of poison, such soon speeding geer As will disperse itself through all the veins, That the lifeweary taker may fall dead. Shaksp. To Lift, lift. v. a. [lyffta, Swedish; loff- ter, Danish. I lifted, or lift; I have lif. ed, or lift.] I. To raise from the ground; to heave; to elevate; to hold on high. Filial ingratitude! Is it not as this mouth should tear this hand For lifting food to't ? Shakspeare. LI F LIG LIG Your guests are coming; Lift up your countenance, as 'twere the day Of celebration of that nuptial. Shaksp. Propp'd by the spring, it lifts aloft the head, But of a sickly beauty soon to shed, In summer living, and in winter dead. Dryden. 2. To bear; to support. Not in use. So down he fell, mat th' earth him underneath Did groan, as feeble so great load to lift. F. Queen. 3. To rob; to plunder. Whence the term shoplifter. So weary bees in little cells repose, But if night robbers lift the well-stor'd hive, An humming through their waxen city grows. Dryden. 4. To exalt; to elevate mentally. My heart was lift up in the ways of the Lord. 2 Chronicles. Of Orpheus now no more let poets tell, To bright Caecilia greater pow'r is given, His numbers rais'd a shade from hell, Hers lifts the soul to heav'n. Pope. 5. To raise in fortune. The eye of the Lord lifted up his head from mi- sery. • Ecclesiasticus. 6. To raise in estimation. Neither can it be thought, because some lessons are chosen out of the Apocrypha, that we do offer disgrace to the word of God, or lift up the writings of men above it. Hooker. 7. To exalt in dignity. See to what a godlike height The Roman virtues lift up mortal man! Addison. 8. To elevate; to swell, as with pride. Lifted up with pride. Timothy. Our successes have been great, and our hearts have been too much lifted up by them, so that we have reason to humble ourselves. Atterbury. 9. Up is sometimes emphatically added to lift. He lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time. 2 Samuel. Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him in thine hand. Genesis. To Lift, lift. v. n. To strive to raise by strength Pinch cattle of pasture while summer doth last, And lift at their tailes ere a winter be past. Tusser. The mind, by being engaged in a task beyond its strength, like the body strained by lifting at a weight too heavy, has often its force broken. Locke. Lift, lift. n. s. [from the verb.] 1. The manner of lifting. In the lift of the feet, when a man goeth up the hill, the weight of the body beareth most upon the knees. Bacon. In races, it is not the large stride, or high lift, that makes the speed. Bacon. 2. The act of lifting. The goat gives the fox a lift, and out he springs. L'Estrange. 3. Effort; struggle. Dead lift is an effort to raise what with the whole force can- not be moved; and figuratively any state of impotence and inability. Myself and Trullamade a shift To help him out at a dead lift. Hudibras. Mr. Doctor bad puzzled his brains In making a ballad, but was at a stand, And you freely must own, you were at a dead lift. Swift 4. Lift, in Scotland, denotes a load or sur- charge of any thing; as also, if one be disguised much with liquor, they say, He has got a great lift. j. [In Scotish.] The sky: for in a starry night they say, How clear the lift is! 6. Lifts of a sail, are ropes to raise or lower them at pleasuic. Li'fter, lifi'ur. 98 n. a. [from lift.] One that lifts. Thou, 0 Lord, art my glory, and the lifter up of mine head. Psalms. To Lig, fig. v. n. [leggen, Dutch.] To lie. Thou kenst the great care I have of thy health and thy welfare, Which many wild beasts liggen in wait, For to entrap in thy tender state. Spenser. Ll'GAMENT, llg'ga-ment. n. s. [liga- mentum, from ligo, Latin; ligament, Fr.] I. Ligament is a white and solid body, softer than a cartilage, but harder than a membrane; they have no conspicuous cavities, neither have they any sense, lest they should suffer upon the motion of the joint: their chief use is to fasten the bones, which are articulated to- gether for motion, lest they should be dislocated with exercise. Quincy. Be all their ligaments at once unbound, And their disjointed bones to powder ground. Sandys. The incus is one way joined to the malleus, the other end being a process is fixed with a ligament to the stapes. Holder. 2. [In popular or poetical language.] Any thing which connects the parts of the body. Though our ligaments betimes grow weak, We must not force them till themselves they break. Denham. 3. Bond; chain; entanglement. Men sometimes, upon the hour of departure, do speak and reason above themselves; for then the soul, beginning to be freed from the ligaments of the body, reasons like herself, and discourses in a strain above mortality. Addison. Ligame'ntal, lig-a-meVtal. } n. a. Ligamentous, lig-^-men'tus. $ [from ligament.] Composing a ligament. The urachos or ligamental passage, is derived from the bottom of the bladder, whereby it discharg- eth the watery and urinary part of its aliment. Brown. The clavicle is inserted into the first bone of the sternon, and bound in by a strong ligamentous mem- brane. Wiseman. Liga'tion, H-ga'shAn. n. a. [ligatio, Lat.] I. The act of binding. 2. The state of being bound. The slumber of the body seems to be but the waking of the soul: it is the ligation of sense, but the liberty of reason. Addison. Li'gature, lig'ga-ture. 7k. s. [ligature, Fr. ligatura, Latin.] I. Any thing tied round another; bandage. He deludeth us also by philters, ligatures, charms, and many superstitious ways in the cure of diseases. Brown If you slit the artery, and thrust into it a pipe, and cast a strait ligature upon that part of the artery; notwithstanding the blood hath free passage through the pipe, yet will not the artery beat below the li- gature; but do but take off the ligature, it will beat immediately. Ray on the Creation. The many ligatures of our English dress check the circulation of the blood. Spectator. 1 found my arms and legs very strongly fastened on each side to the ground; I likewise felt several slender ligatures across my body, from my armpits to my thighs. Gulliver's Travels. 2. Tue act of binding. The fatal noose performed its office, and with most strict ligature squeezed the blood into his face. Arbuthnot. Any stoppage of the circulation will produce a dropsy, as by strong ligature or compression. Arbuthnot. 3. The state of being bound. Not very proper. Sand and gravel grounds easily admit of heat and moisture, for which they are not much the better, because they let it pass too soon, and contract no ligature. Mortimer's Husbandry. LIGHT, lite.393 n.s. [leoht, Saxon.] 1. That material medium of sight; that body by which we see; luminous matter. Light is propagated from luminous bodies in time, and spends about seven or eight minutes of an hour in passing from the sun to the earth. Newton. 2. Slate of tiie elements, in which things become visible: opposed to darkness. God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. Genesis. So alike thou driv'st away Light and darkness, night and day. Carew. 3. Power of perceiving external objects by the eye: opposed to blindness. My strength faileth me; as for the light of mine eyes, it also is gone from me. Psalms. If it be true that light is in the soul, She all in every part, what was the sight To such a slender ball as th' eye confin'd, So obvious and so easy to be quench'd, And not as feeling through all parts diffus'd, That she might look at will through ev'ry pore? Milton., 4. Day. The murderer rising with the light killeth the poor. Job-, Ere the third dawning light Return, the stars of morn shall see him rise Out of his grave, fresh as the dawning light. Milt. 5. Life. Infants that never saw light. Job.. Swift roll the years, and rise the expected morn, 0 spring to light, auspicious babe be born! Pope\ 6. Artificial illumination. Seven lamps shall give light. Numbers. 7. Illumination of mind; instruction; know- ledge. Of those things which are for direction of all the parts of our life needful, and not impossible to be discerned by the light of nature itself, are there not many which few men's natural capacity hath been able to find out? Hooker. Light may be taken from the experiment of the horse-tooth ring, how that those things which as- suage the strife of the spirits, do help diseases con- trary to the intention desired. Bacon. I will place within them as a guide My umpire conscience, whom if they will hear, Light after light well us'd they shall attain, And to the end persisting safe arrive. Milton. I opened Ariosto in Italian, and the very first two lines gave me light to all I could desire. Dryden. If internal light, or any proposition which we take for inspired, be conformable to the principles of reason, or to the word of God, which is attested revelation, reason wan-ants it. Lock*. The ordinary words of language, and our com- mon use of them, would have given us light into the nature of our ideas, if considered with attention. Locke. The books of Varro concerning navigation are lost, which no doubt would have given us great light in those matters. Arbuthnot. 8. The part of a picture which is drawn with bright colours, or in which the light is supposed to fall. Never admit two equal lights in the same picture; but the greater light must strike forcibly on those places of the picture where the principal figures are j diminishing as it comes nearer the borders. Dryd. 9. Reach of knowledge; mental view. Light, and understanding, and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him. Daniel. We saw as it were thick clouds, which did put us in some hope of laud, knowing how that part of LI G LIG LIG the S«uth Sea was utterly unknown, and might have islands or continents that hitherto were not come to light. Bacon. They have brought to light not a few profitable experiments. Bacon. 10. Point of view; situation; direction in Which the light falls. Frequent consideration of a thing wears off the strangeness of it; and shews it in its several lights, and various ways of appearance, to the view of the mind. South. It is impossible for a man of the greatest parts to consider any thing in its whole extent, and in all its variety of lights. Spectator. An author who has not learned the art of ranging his thoughts, and setting them in proper lights, will lose himself in his confusion. Spectator. 11. Publick view; publick notice. Why am I ask'd what next shall see the light? Heav'ns! was I born for nothing but to write. Pope. 12. The publick. Grave epistles bring vice to light, Such as a king might read, a bishop write. Pope. 13. Explanation. I have endeavoured, throughout this discourse, that every former part might give strength unto all that follow, and every latter bring some Zzg/tt unto all before. Hooker. We should compare places of scripture treating of the same point: thus one part of the sacred text could not fail to give light unto another. Locke. 14. Any thing that gives light; a pharos; a taper; any luminous body. That light you see is burning in my hall; How far that little candle throws his beams, So shines a good deed in a naughty world. Shaksp. Then he called for a light, and sprang in and fell down before Paul. Acts. I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, for salvation unto the ends of the earth. Acts. Let them be for signs, For seasons, and for days, and circling years; And let them be for lights, as I ordain Their office in the firmament of heav'n, To give light on the earth. Milton. I put as great difference between our new lights and ancient truths, as between the sun and a meteor. Glanville. Several lights will not be seen, If there be nothing else between; Men doubt, because they stand so thick i' th' sky, If those be stars that paint the galaxy. Cowley. I will make some offers at their safety, by fixing some marks like lights upon a coast, by which the ships may avoid at least known rocks. Temple. He must still mourn The sun, and moon, and ev'ry starry light, Eclips'd to him, and lost in everlasting night. Prior. Light, lite. adj. [leoht, Saxon.] 1. Not tending to the centre with great force; not heavy. Hot and cold were in one body fixt, And soft with hard, and light with heavy mixt. Dryden. These weights did not exert their natural gravity till they were laid in the golden balance, insomuch that I could not guess which was light or heavy whilst I held them in my hand. Spectator. 2. Not burdensome; easy to be worn, or carried, or lifted; not onerous. Horse, oxen, plough, tumbril, cart, waggon, and wain, The lighter and stronger the greater thy gaine. Tusser. It will be light, that you may bear it Under a cloke that is of any length. Shakspeare. A king that would not feel his crown too heavy, must wear it every day; but if he think it too light, he knoweth not of what metal it is made. Bacon. 3. Not afflictive; easy to be endured. Every light and common thing incident into any part of man's life. Hooker. Light sufferings give us leisure to complain, We groan, but cannot speak, in greater pain. Dryden. 4. Easy to be performed; not difficult. Well pleas'd were all his frieuds, the task was light, The father, mother, daughter, they invite. Dryden. Easy to be acted on by any power. Apples of a ripe flavour, fresh and fair, Mellow'd by winter from their cruder juice, Light of digestion now, and fit for use. Dryden. 6. Not heavily armed. Paulus Bachitius, with a company of light horse- men, lay close in ambush, in a convenient place for that purpose. Knolles. 7. Active; nimble. He so light was at legerdemain, That what he touch'd came not to light again. Spenser. Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. 2 Sam. There Stamford came, for his honour was lame Of the gout three months together; But it prov'd, when they fought, but a running gout, For heels were Ztg-reZer than ever. Denham. Youths, a blooming band; Light bounding from the earth at once they rise, Their feet half viewless quiver in the skies. Pope. . Unencumbered; unembarrassed; clear of impediments. Unmarried men are best masters, but not best subjects; for they are light to run away. Bacon. 9. Slight; not great. A light error in the manner of making the fol- lowing trials was enough to render some of them unsuccessful. Boyle. 10. Not dense; not gross. In the wilderness there is no bread, nor water, and our soul loatheth this light bread. Numbers. Light fumes are merry, grosser fumes are sad, Both are the reasonable soul run mad. Dryden. 11. Easy to admit any influence; unstea- dy; unsettled; loose. False of heart, light of ear, bloody of hand. Shakspeare. These light vain persons still are drunk and mad With surfeitings, and pleasures of their youth. Davies. They are light of belief, great listeners after news. Howel. There is no greater argument of a light and in- considerate person, than profanely to scoff at reli- gion. Tillotson. 12. Gay; airy; wanting dignity or solidity; trifling. Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light. Shakspeare. Forgive If fictions light I mix with truth divine, And fill these lines with other praise than thine. Fairfax. 13. Not chaste; not regular in conduct. Let me not be light, For a light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak. I 4. [from light, n. s.] Bright; clear. As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away. Genesis. The horses ran up and down with their tails and manes on a light fire. Knolles. 15. Not dark; tending to whiteness. In painting, the light and a white colour are but one and the same thing: no colour more resembles the air than white, and by consequence no colour which is lighter. Dryden. Two cylindrick bodies with annular fulci, found with shark's teeth, and other shells, in a light co- loured clay. Woodward. Light, lite. adv. [for lightly, by colloquial corruption.] Lightly; cheaply. Shall we set light by that custom of reading, from whence so precious a benefit hath grown? Hooker. To Light, lite. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To kindle; to enflame; to set on fire: to make flame. Swinging coals about in the wire, thoroughly light- ed them. Boyle. This truth shines so clear, that to go about to prove it, were to light a candle to seek the sun. Glanville. The maids, who waited her commands, Ran in with lighted tapers in their hands. Dryden. Be witness, gods, and strike Jocasta dead, If an immodest thought, or low desire, Inflam'd my breast since first our loves were lighted. Dryden. Absence might cure it, or a second mistress Light up another flame, and put out this. Addison. 2. To give light to; to guide by light. A beam that falls Fresh from the pure glance of thine eye, Lighting to eternity. Crashaio. Ah hopeless, lasting flames! like those that burn To light the dead, and warm the unfruitful urn. Pope. To illuminate; to fill with light. The sun"was set, and vesper, to supply His absent beams, had lighted up the sky. Dryden. 4. Up is emphatically joined to light. No sun was lighted up the world to view. Dryden. 5. [from the adjective.] To lighten; to ease of a burden. Land some of our passengers, And light this weary vessel of her load. F. Q,ueen. To Light, lite. v.n. [lickt, chance, Dutch; preter. lighted, or light, or lit.] I. To happen to find; to fall upon by chance: it has on before the thing found. No more settled in valour than disposed to jus- tice, if either they had lighted on a better friend, or could have learned to make friendship a child, and not the father of virtue. Sidney. The prince, by chance, did on a lady light, That was right fair, and fresh as morning rose. Spenser. Haply your eye shall light upon some toy You have desire to purchase. Shakspeare. As in the tides of people once up, there want not stirring winds to make them more rough; so this people did light upon two ringleaders. Bacon. Of late years, the royal oak did light upon count Rhodophil. Howel. The way of producing such a change on colours may be easily enough lighted on, by those conver- sant in the solutions of mercury. Boyle. He sought by arguments to sooth her pain; Nor those avail'd: at length he lights on one, Before two moons their orb with light adorn, If Heav'n allow me life, I will return. Dryden. Truth, light upon this way, is of no more avail to us than error; for what is so taken up by us, may be false as well as true; and he has not done his duty, who has thus stumbled upon truth in his way to preferment. Locke. Whosoever first lit on a parcel of that substance we call gold, could not rationally take the bulk and figure to depend on its real essence. Locke. As wily reynard walk'd the streets at night, On a tragedian's mask he chane'd to light; Turning it o'er, he mutter'd with disdain, How vast a head is here without a brain! Addison. A weaker man may sometimes light on notions which had escaped a wiser. Watts on the Mind. . To fall in any particular direction,: with on. The wounded steed curvets; and rais'd upright, Lights on his feet before; his hoofs behind Spring up in air aloft, and lash the wind. Dryden. !. To fall; to strike on: with on. He at his foe with furious rigour smites, That strongest oak might seem to overthrow; The stroke upon his shield so heavy lights, That to the ground it doubleth him full low. Spenser. At an uncertain lot none can find themselves grieved on whomsoever it lightelh. Hooker. LIG LIG LIG They shall hunger no more; neither shall the sun light on them, nor any heat. Revelation. On me, me only, as the source and spring Of all corruption, all the blame lights due. Milton. A curse lights upon him presently after: his great army is utterly ruined, he himself slain in it, and his head and right hand cut off, and hung up before Jerusalem. South. 4. [alighcan, Sax.] To descend from a horse or carriage. When Naaman saw him running after him, he lighted down from the chariot to meet him. 2 Kings. I saw 'em salute on horseback, Beheld them when they lighted, how they clung In their embracement. Shakspeare's Henry VIII. Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and when she saw Isaac, she lighted off the camel. Genesis. The god laid down his feeble rays, Then lighted from his glittering coach. Swift. 5. To settle; to rest; to stoop from flight. I plac'd a quire of such enticing birds, That she will light to listen to their lays. Shaksp. Then as a bee which among weeds doth fall, Which seem sweet flow'rs, with lustre fresh and gay, She lights on that, and this, and tasteth all, But pleas'd with none, doth rise, and soar away. Davies. Plant trees and shrubs near home, for bees to pitch on at their swarming, that they may not be in danger of being lost for want of a lighting place. Mortimer. To Li'ghten, li't'n.103 v. n. [he, li£t, Saxon.] 1. To flash, with thunder. This dreadful night, That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars As doth the lion. Shakspeare. Although I joy in thee, I have no joy of this contract to-night; It is too rash, too unadvis'd, too sudden, Too like the light'ning, which doth cease to be Ere one can say it lightens. Shakspeare. The lightning that lighteneth out of the one part under heaven, sheweth unto the other part. Lufce. 2. To shine like lightning. Yet looks he like a king: behold his eye, As bright as is the eagle's, lightens forth Controlling majesty. Shakspeare. ' 3. To fall; to light, [from light.] 0 Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us, as we do put our trust in thee. Common Prayer. To Li'ghten, li't'n. v. a. [from light.] 1. To illuminate; to enlighten. Upon his bloody finger he doth wear A precious ring, that lightens all the hole. Shaksp. O Light! which mak'st the light which makes the day, Which sett'st the eye without, and mind within; Lighten my spirit with one clear heav'nly ray, Which now to view itself doth first begin. Davies. A key of fire ran all along the shore, Aud lighten'd all the river with a blaze. Dryden. Nature from the storm Shines out afresh; and through the lighten'd air A higher lustre, and a clearer calm, Diffusive tremble. Thomson. 2. To exonerate; to unload, [from light, adj.] The mariners were afraid, and cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it of them. Jonah. 3. To make less heavy. Long since with woe Nearer acquainted, now I feel by proof, That fellowship in pain divides not smart, Nor lightens aught each man's peculiar load. Milt. Strive In offices of love how we may lighten Each other's burden. Milton. 4. To exhilarate; to cheer. A trusty villain, very oft, VOL. II. When I am dull with care and melancholy, Lightens my humour with his merry jest. J^*V- The audience are grown weary of continued melancholy scenes; and few tragedies shall succeed in this age, if they are not lighten*! with ^course of mirth. _r .•„», ♦„ Li'ghter, lite'ur."8 n. s. [from light, to make light.] A heavy boat into which ships are lightened or unloaded. They have cockboats for passengers, and lighters for burthen. . areW' He climb'd a stranded lighter's height, Shot to the black abyss, and plung'd downright. Li'ghterman, lite'ur-man.88 n. s. [light- er and man.] One who manages a lighter. , Where much shipping is employed, whatever De- comes of the merchant, multitudes of people wu be gainers; as shipwrights, butchers, carmen, ana lightermen. tJ UuT Lightfi'ngered, lite-fing'gur d. adj. [light and finger.] Nimble at convey- ance; thievish. Li'ghtfoot, lite'fut. adj. [light Midfoot.] Nimble in running or dancing; active. Him so far had born his lightfoot steed, Pricked with wrath and Oery fierce disdain, That him to follow was but fruitless pain. F. Queen. And all the troop of lightfoot Naiades Flock all about to see her lovely face. Spenser. Li'ghtfoot, lite'fvit. n. s. Venison. A cant word. Lighthe'aded, lite-hed'£d. adj. [light and head.] 1. Unsteady; loose; thoughtless; weak. The English Liturgy, how piously and wisely so- ever framed, had found great opposition; the cere- monies had wrought only upon lightheaded, weak men, yet learned men excepted against some par- ticulars. Clarendon. 2. Delirious; disordered in the mind by- disease. Lightheadedness, lite-h£d'£d-n£s. n. a. Deliriousness; disorder of the mind. Lighthe'arted, lite-har't£d. adj. [light and heart.] Gay; merry; airy; cheerful. Li'ghthouse, lite'house. n. s. [light and house.] A high building, at the top of which lights are hung to guide ships at sea. He charged himself with the risque of such ves- sels as carried corn in winter; and built a pharos or lighthouse. Arbuthnot. Lightle'gged, lite-l£g'd'.369 adj. [light and leg.] Nimble; swift. • Lightlegged Pas has got the middle space. Sidney. Li'ghtless, lite'le-s. adj. [from light.] Wanting light; dark. Li'ghtly, lite'le. adv. [from light.] 1. Without weight. This grave partakes the fleshly birth, Which cover lightly, gentle earth. Ben Jonson. 2. Without deep impression. The soft ideas of the cheerful note, Lightly receiv'd, were easily forgot. Prior. 3. Easily; readily; without difficulty; of course. If they write or speak publickly but five words, one of them is lightly about the dangerous estate of the church of England in respect of abused cere- monies. Hooker. - Believe 't not lightly that your son Will not exceed the common, or be caught With cautelous baits and practice. Shak. Coriol. Short summer lightly has a forward spring. Shakspeare. G 4. Without reason. Flatter not the rich; neither do thou willingly 11 lightly appear before great personages. Taylor. Let every man that hath a calling be diligent in pursuance of its employment, so as not lightly, or without reasonable occasion, to neglect it. Taylor. 5. Without dejection; cheerfully. Bid that welcome Which comes to punish us, and we punish it, Seeming to bear it liglUly. Shakspeare 6. Not chastely. If I were ligllily disposed, I could still perhaps have offers, that some, who hold their heads higher, would be glad to accept. Swift. 7. Nimbly; with agility; not heavily or tardily. Methought I stood on a wide river's bank; When on a sudden, Torismond appear'd, Gave me his hand, and led me lightly o'er; Leaping and bounding on the billows heads, Till safely we had reach'd the farther shore. Dryd. 8. Gayly; airily; with levity; without heed or care. Lightmi'nded, lite-mind'£d. adj. [light and mind.] Unsettled; unsteady. He that is hasty to give credit is lightminded. Ecclesiasticus. Li'ghtness, llte'ne's. n. s. [from light.] I. Want of weight; absence of weight: the contrary to heaviness. Some are for masts of ships, as fir and pine, be- cause of their length, straightness, and lightness. Bacon. Suppose many degrees of littleness and lightness in particles, so as many might float in the air a good while before they fell. Burnet. 2. Inconstancy; unsteadiness. For, unto knight there is no greater shame, Than lightness and inconstancy in love. F. Qjueen. Of two things they must chuse one; namely, whether they would, to their endless disgrace, with ridiculous lightness, dismiss him, whose restitution they had in so importunate manner desired, or else condescend unto that demand. Hooker. As I blow this feather from my face, Obeying with my wind when I do blow, And yielding to another when it blows, Commanded always by the greatest gust; Such is the lightness of you common men. Shaksj). 3. Unchastity; want of conduct in women. Is it the disdain of my estate, or the opinion of my lightness, that emboldened such base fancies towards me? Sidney. Can it be, That modesty may more betray our sense, Than woman's lightness! Shakspeare. 4. Agility; nimbleness. Li'ghtning, lite'ning. n. s. [from lighten, lightening, lightning.] 1. The flash that attends thunder. Lightning is a great flame, very bright, extend- ing every way to a great distance, suddenly dart- ing upwards, and there ending, so that it is only momentaneous. Muschenbroek. Sense thinks the lightning born before the thun- der; What tells us then they both together are? Davies. Salmoneus, suff'ring cruel pains I found For emulating Jove; the rattling sound Of mimick thunder, and the glitt'ring blaze Of pointed lightnings, and their forky rays. Dryd. No warning of the approach of flame, Swiftly, like sudden death, it came; Like travellers by lightning kill'd, I burnt the moment I beheld. Granville. 2. Mitigation; abatement, [from to light- en, to make less heavy.] How oft when men are at the point of death, Have they been merry? which their keepers call A lightning before death. Shakspeare. We were once in hopes of bis recovery, upou a LIK LIK LIK kind message from the widow; but this only proved a lightning before death. Spectator. Lights, lites. n. s. [supposed to be called so from their lightness in proportion to their bulk.] The lungs; the organs of breathing: we say, lights of other ani- mals, and lungs 01 men. The complaint was chiefly from the lights, a part as of no quick sense, so no seat for any sharp dis- ease. Hayward. Li'ghtsome, lite'sftm. adj. [from light.] 1. Luminous; not dark; not obscure; not opake. Neither the sun, nor any thing sensible is that light itself, which is the cause that things are light- some, though it make itself, and all things else, visiDle; but a body most enlightened, by whom the neighbouring region, which the Greeks call sether, the place of the supposed element of fire, is affected and qualified. Raleigh. White walls make rooms more lightsome than black. JSocon. Equal posture, and quick spirits, are required to make colours lightsome. Bacon. The sun His course exalted through the Ram had run, Through Taurus, and the lightsome realms of love. Dryden. 2. Gay; airy; having the power to exhi- larate. It suiteth so fitly with that lightsome affeetion of joy, wherein God dclighteth when his saints praise him. Hooker. The lightsome passion of joy was not that which now often usurps the name; that trivial, vanishing, superficial thing, that only gilds the apprehension, and plays upon the surface of the soul. South. Li'ghtsomeness, lile's&m-nes. n.s. [from lightsome.] 1. Luminousness; not opacity; not obscu- rity; not darksomeness. It is to our atmosphere that the variety of colours, which are painted on the skies, the lightsomeness of our air, and the twilight, are owing. Cheyne. 2. Cheerfulness; merriment; levity. Ligna'loes, lig-nal'oze. n. s. [lignum aloes, Lat.] Aloes wood. The vallies spread forth as gardens by the river's side, as the trees of lign-aloes which the Lord hath planted, and as cedar trees beside the waters. JVwmoers. Li'gneous, lig'ne-iis. adj. [ligneus, Lat. ligneux, Fr.] Made of wood; wooden; resembling wood. It should be tried with shoots of vines, and roots of red roses; for it may be they, being of a more ligneous nature, will incorporate with the tree itself. Bacon. Ten thousand seeds of the plant harts-tongue, hardly make the bulk of a pepper-corn: now the covers, and the true body of each seed, the paren- chymous and ligneous part of both, and the fibres of those parts, multiplied one by another, afford a hundred thousand millions of formed atoms, but how many more we cannot define. Greto. LIGJYUMVI'TJE, lig-num-vi'te. n. s. [Lat.] Guiacum; a very hard wood. Li'gure, li'gure/'-" n. s. A precious stone. The third row a Zigttre, an agate, and an ame- thyst. Exodus. LIKE, like. adj. [lie, Saxon; liik, Dutch.] J. Resembling; having resemblance. Whom art thou like in thy greatness? Ezekitl. His son, or one of his illustrious name, How like the former, and almost the same! Dryd. As the earth was designed for the being of men, why might not all other planets be created for the like uses, each for their own inhabitants? Bcntley. This plan, as laid down by him, looks likcr an universal art man a distinct logick. Baker. 2. Equal; of the same quantity. More clergymen were impoverished by the late war, than ever in the like space before. Sp-at. 3. [for likely.] Probable; credible. The trials were made, and it is like that the ex- periment would have been effectual. Bacon. Likely; in a state that gives probable expectations. This is, I think, an im- proper, though frequent use. ' If the duke continues these favours towards you, you are like to be much advanced. Shakspeare. He is like to die for hunger, for there is no more oread. Jeremiah. The yearly value thereof is already increased double of that it was within these few years, and is like daily to rise higher till it amount to the price of our land in England. Dat>ies. Hopton resolved to visit Waller's quarters, that he might judge whether he were like to pursue his purpose. Clarendon. Many were not easy to be governed, nor ZiJfce to conform themselves to 3trict rules. Clarendon. If his rules of reason be not better suited to the mind than his rules for health are fitted to our bodies, he is not like to be much followed. JBoJter. Like, like. n. s. [This substantive is sel- dom more than the adjective used ellip- tically; the like for the like thing, or like per 8 on.] 1. Some person or thing resembling an- other. He was a man, take him for all in all, I shall not look upon his like again. Shaksp. Every ZiZce is not the same, 0 Caesar! Shaksp. Though there have been greater fleets for num- ber, yet for the bulk of the ships never the like. Bacon. Albeit an eagle did bear away a lamb in her ta- lons, yet a raven endeavouring to do the like was held entangled. Hayward. One offers, and in offering makes a stay; Another forward sets, and doth no more; A third the like. Daniel's Civil War. His desire By conversation with his like to help, Or solace his defects. Milton. Two likes may be mistaken. L'Estrange. She'd study to reform the men, Or add some grains of folly more To women than they had before; This might their mutual fancy strike, Since ev'ry being loves its like. Swift. 2. Used with had; near approach; a state like to another state. A sense common but not just: perhaps had is a corrup- tion for was. Report being carried secretly from one to anoth- er in my ship, had like to have been my utter over- throw. Raleigh. Like, like. adv. I. In the same manner; in the same man- ner as: it is not always easy to deter- mine whether it be adverb or adjective. The joyous nymphs, and lightfoot fairies, Which thither came to hear their musick sweet, Now hearing them so heavily lament, Like heavily lamenting from them went. Spenser. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Psalms. Are we proud and passionate, malicious and re- vengeful? Is this to be Zifce-minded with Christ, who was meek and lowly? Tillotson. What will be my confusion, when he sees me Neglected, and forsaken like himself. Philips. They roar'd like lions caught in toils, and rag'd: The man knew what they were, who heretofore Had seen the like Le murther'd on the shore. Waller. 2. In such a manner as befits. Be strong, and quit yourselves Zjfce men. 1 Saniutl. 3. Likely; probably. A popular use not analogical. I liki; the work well; ere it be demanded, As like enough it will, I'd have it copied. Shaksp To Like, like. v. a. [lican, Sax. liiken, Dut.] I. To choose with some degree of pre- ference. / As nothing can be so reasonably spoken as to content all men, so this speech was not of them all liked. Knolles. He gave such an account as made it appear that he liked the design. Clarendon. We like our present circumstances well, and dream of no change. Atterbury. 2. To approve; to view with approbation, not fondness. Though they did not Ziflre the evil he did, yet they liked him that did the evil. Sidney. He grew content to mark their speeches, then to marvel at such wit in shepherds, after to like their company. Sidney. He proceeded from looking to liking, and from liking to loving. Sidney. For several virtues I have Zifc'd several women; never any With so full soul. Shakspeare. I look'd upon her with a soldier's eye; That lik'd, but had a rougher task in hand Than to drive liking to the name of love. Shaksp. Scarce any man passes to a liking of sin in others, but by first practising it himself. South. Beasts can like, but not distinguish too, Nor their own liking by reflection know. Dryden. 3. To please; to be agreeable to. Now disused. Well hoped he, ere long that hardy guest, If ever covetous hand, or lustful eye, Or lips he laid on thing that We'd him best, Should be his prey. Spenser. Say, my fair brother now, if this device Do like you, or may you to like entice. Hubberd. This desire being recommended to her majesty, it liked her to include tue same within one entire lease. Bacon. He shall dwell where it liketh him best. Deut. There let them learn, as likes them, to despise God and Messiah. Milton. To Like, like. v. n. 1. To be pleased with: with of before the thing approved. Obsolete. Of any thing more than of God they could not by any means like, as long as whatsoever they knew besides God, they apprehended it not in itself with- out dependency upon God. Hooker. The young soldiers did with such cheerfulness like of this resolution, that they thought two days a long delay. Knolles. To choose; to list; to be pleased. The man likes not to take his brother's wife. Deuteronomy. He that has the prison doors set open is perfectly at liberty, because he may either go or stay, as he best likes. Locke. Li'kelihood, like'le-mid. } n. a. [from Li'keliness, like'le-n£s. $ likely.] 1. Appearance; show. Obsolete. What of his heart perceive you in his face, By any likelihood he show'd to-day? —That with no man here he is offended. Shaksp. 2. Resemblance; likeness. Obsolete. The mayor and all his brethren in best sort, Like to the senators of antique Rome, Go forth and fetch their conq'ring Caesar in. As by a low, but loving likelihood, Were now the general of our gracious empress As in good time he may, from Ireland coming, Plow many would the peaceful city quit To welcome him? Shaksp. There is no likelihood between pure b'eht anoot that runs into the ground. Mortimer. Lilyli'vered, lil'le-iiv-vur'd.350 adj. [lily and liver.] Whitelivered; cowardly. A base, lilylivered, action-taking knave. Shaksp. Li'mature, li'ma-ture. n. s. [limatura, Lat.] Filings of any metal; the particles rubbed off" by a file. Limb, lim.347 n. a. [hm, Sax. and Scot. lem, Danish.] 1. A member; a jointed or articulated part of animals. A second Hector, for his grim aspect, And large proportion of his strong knit limbs. Shaksp. 0! that I had her here to tear her limb meal! Shaksp. Now am I come each limb to survey, If thy appearance answer loud report. ..WtZZon. 2. [limbe, Fr. limbus, Lat.] An edge; a border: a philosophical word. By moving the prisms about, the colours again emerged out of the whiteness, the violet and the blue at its inward limb, and at its outward Zimo the red and yellow. Newton. To Limb, lim. v. a. [from the noun.] I. To supply with limbs. As they please, They limb themselves, and colour, shape, and size Assume, as likes them best, condense, or rare. Milton. 2. To tear asunder; to dismember. Li'imbeck, Hm'bek. n. s. [corrupted by popular pronunciation from alembick.] A still. Her cheeks, on which this streaming nectar fell, Slill'd through the limbeck of her diamond eyes. Fairfax. Fires of Spain, and the line, Whose countries limbecks to our bodies be, Canst thou for gain bear? Donne. Call up, unbound, In various shapes, old Proteus from the sea, Drain'd through a limbeck to his nakedfonn. Milton. The earth, by secret conveyances, lets in the sea, and sends it back fresh, her bowels serving for a limbeck. Howel. He first survey'd the charge with careful eyes, Yet judg'd, like vapours that from limbecks rise, It would in richer showers descend again. D>~ydcn. The warm limbeck draws Salubrious waters from the nocent brood. Philips. Li'mbed, lim'd.889 adj. [from limb.] Formed with regard to limbs. A steer of five years age, large limb'd and fed, To Jove's high altars Agamemnon led. Po;ie Li'muer, lim'bAr.9b adj. Flexible; easily bent; pliant; lithe. You put me off with limber vows. Shaksp. I wonder how, among these jealousies of court aud state, Edward Athcling couid subsist, bein^ the indubitate heir of the Saxon line: but he had trial. L IM LIM L IJVI snd found him a prince of limber virtues; so as though he might have some place in his caution, yet he reckoned him beneath his fear. Wotton. At once came forth whatever creeps the ground, Insect, or worm: those wav'd their limber fans For wings; and smallest lineaments exact In all the liveries deck'd of summer's pride. Milton. She durst never stand at the bay, having nothing but her long soft limber ears to defend her. More. The muscles were strong on both sides of the as- pera arteria, but on the under side, opposite to that of the oesophagus, very limber. Ray. Li'mberness, llm'bilr-nes. n. *. [from limber.] Flexibility; pliancy. Li'mho, lim'bo. n. s. [Eo quod sit limbus infer or um. Du Cange.] 1. A region bordering upon hell, in which there is neither pleasure nor pain. Po- pularly hell. No, he is in tartar limbo, worse than hell, A devil in an everlasting garment hath him, One whose hardjieart is bulton'dup with steel. Shaksp. Oh what a sympathy of woe is this! As far from help as limbo is from bliss. Shaksp. All these up-whirl'd aloft Fly o'er the backside of" the world far off, Into a limbo large, and broad, since call'd The paradise of fools. Milton. •2. Any place of misery and restraint. For he no sooner was at large, But Trulla straight brought on the charge; And in the self same Umbo put The knight and squire, where he was shut. Hudibras. Friar, thou art ^come off thyself, but poor I am left in limbo. Dryden. Lime, lime. n. s. [lim, gelyman, Saxon, to glue.] 1. A viscous substance drawn over twigs, which catches and entangles the wings of birds that light upon it. Poor bird! thou'dst never fear the net or lime, The pitfall, nor the gin. Shaksp. You must lay lime, to tangle her desires, By wailful sonnets, whose composed rhimes Should be full fraught with serviceable vows. Shaksp. Jollier of this state Than are new-benefie'd ministers, he throws, Like nets or lime twigs, wheresoe'er he goes, His title of barrister on every wench. Donne. A thrush was taken with a bush of lime twigs. L'Estrange. Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds were found, And deep-mouth'd dogs did forest walks surround. Dryden. Or court a wife, spread out his wily parts, Like nets, or Ziwie twigs, for rich widow's hearts. Pope. 2. Matter of which mortar is made: so called because used in cement. There are so many species of Ziine stone, that we are to understand by it in general any stone that, upon a proper degree of heat, becomes a white calx, which will make a great ebullition and noise on be- ing thrown into water, falling into a loose white powder at the bottom. The lime we have in Lon- don is usually made of chalk, which is weaker than that made of stone. Hill. They were now, like sand without lime, ill bound together, especially as many as were English, who were at a gaze, looking strange one upon another, not knowing who was faithful to their side. Bacon. As when a lofty pile is rais'd, We never hear the workmen prais'd, Who bring the Zirne, or place the stones, But all admire Inigo Jones. Swift. Lime is commonly made of chalk, or of any sort of stone that is not sandy, or very cold. Mortimer. 3. The linden tree, [linb, Saxon; tilia, Latin.] The (lower consists of several leaves, placed orbi- cularly, in the form of a rose, having a long narrow leaf growing to the footstalk of each cluster of flow- ers, from whose cup rises the pointal, which be- comes testiculated, of one capsule, containing an ob- long seed. The timber is used by carvers and turn- ers. These trees continue sound many years, and grow to a considerable bulk. Sir Thomas Brown mentions one in Norfolk sixteen yards in circuit. Miller. For her the limes their pleasing shades deny, For her the lilies hang their heads, and die. Pope. 4. A species of lemon, [lime, French.] Bear me, Pomona! to thy citron groves! To where the lemon and the piercing Zirne, With the deep orange glowing through the green, Their lighter glories blend. Thomson. To Lime, lime. v. a. [from lime.] 1. To entangle, to ensnare. O bosom, black as death! 0 limed soul, that, struggling to be free, Art more engaged. Shaksp. Example, that so terribly shows in the wreck of maidenhood, cannot, for all that, dissuade succes- sion, but that they are limed with the twigs that threaten them. Shaksp. The bird that "hath been limed in a bush, With trembling wings misdoubteth ev'ry bush, And I, the hapless male to one sweet bird, Have now the fatal object in my eye, Where my poor young was lim'd, was caught, and kill'd. Shaksp. 2. To smear with lime. Myself have lim'd a bush for her, And plac'd a quire of such enticing birds, That she will light to listen to their lays. Shaksp. Those twigs iu time will come to be limed, and then you are all lost if you do but touch them. L'Estrange. 3. To cement. This sense is out of use. I will not ruinate my father's house, Who gave his blood to lime the stones together, And set up Lancaster. Shaksp. 4. To manure ground with lime. Encouragement that abatement of interest gave to landlords and tenants, to improve by draining, marling, and liming. Child. All sorts of pease love limed or marled land. Mortimer. Li'mekiln, lime'kil. n. a. [lime and kiln.] Kiln where stones are burnt to lime. The counter gate is as hateful to me, as the reek of a lime-kiln. Shaksp. They were found in a lime-kiln, and having pass- ed the fire, each is a little vitrified. Woodward. Li'mestone, lime'stone. n. a. [lime and stone.] The stone of which lime is made. Fire stone and limestone, if broke small, and laid on cold lands, must be of advantage. Mortimer. Lime-water, lime'wci-tm\ n. a. Lime-water, made by pouring water upon quick lime, with some other ingredients to take off its ill flavour, is of great service internally, in all cutane- ous eruptions, and diseases of the lungs. Hill. He tried an experiment on wheat infused in lime-water alone, and some in brandy and lime-wa- ter mixed, and had from each grain a great in- crease. Mortimer. LI'MlTjlim'mit.in. s.[limit e, French; lim- itor, Latin] Bound; border; utmost reach. The whole limit of the mountain round about shall be most holy. Exodus. We went, great emperor, by thy command, To view the utmost limits of the land; Ev'n to the place where no more world is found, But foaming billows beating on the ground. Dryd. To Li'mit, llm'mlt. v. a. [limiter, French; from the noun.] I. To confine within certain bounds; to restrain; to circumscribe; not to leave at large. They tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Israel. Psalms. Thanks I must you con, that you Are thieves profest; for there is boundless theit In limited professions. Shaksp. If a king come in by conquest, he is no longer a limited monarch. Sivift. 2. To restrain from a lax or general signi- fication: as, the universe is here limited to this earth. Limita'neous, lim-mit-ta'ne-iis. adj. [from limit.] Belonging to the bounds. Diet. Li'mitary, lim'mit-tar-e. adj. [from limit.] Placed at the boundaries as a guard or snperintendant. Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains, Proud limitary cherub! Milton. Limitation, lim-m6-ta'shu.n. n. s. [limit- ation, Fr. limitatio, Lat.] I. Restriction; circumscription. Limitation of each creature, is both the perfec- tion and the preservation thereof. Hooker. Am I yourself, But, as it were, in sort of limitation? Shaksp. I despair, how this limitation of Adam's empire to his line and posterity, will help us to one heir. This limitation, indeed, of our author, will save those the labour, who would look for him among the race of brutes, but will very little contribute to the discovery amongst men. Locke. If a king come in by conquest, he is no longer a limited monarch; if he afterwards consent to limita- tions, he becomes immediately king de jure. Swift. 2. Confinement from a lax or undetermi- nate import. The cause of error is ignorance, what restraints and limitations all principles have in regard of the matter whereunto they are applicable. Hooker. Li'mmer, lim'mitr. n. a. A mongrel. To Limn, lim.411 v. a. [enluminer, Fr. to adorn books with pictures.] To draw; to paint any thing. Mine eye doth his effigies witness, Most truly limn'd, and living in your face. Shaksp. Emblems limned in lively colours. Peacham. How are the glories of the field spun, and by what pencil are they limned in their unaffected bravery? Glanville. Li'mner, lim'ntir.411 n. s. [corrupted from enlumineur, a decorator of books with initial pictures.] A painter; a picture- maker. That divers limners at a distance, without either copy or design, should draw the same picture to an undistinguishable exactness, is more conceivable than that matter, which is so diversified, should frame itself so unerringly, according to the idea of its£ind- ,. Glanville. Foets are limners of another kind, To copy out ideas in the mind; Words are the paint by which their thoughts are shown, And nature is their object to be drawn. Granville. Li mous, h'mus.6*4 adj. [limosus, Latin.] Muddy; slimy. That country became a gained ground by the muddy and limous matter brought down by the Nilus, which settled by degrees unto a firm land. mi , , . Brown. They esteemed this natural melancholick acidity to be the limous or slimy fceculent part of the blood. Floyer. LIN LIN LIN Limp, limp- adJ' [limM°i ItaL] 1. Vapid; weak. Not in use. The chub eats waterish, and the flesh of him is not firm, limp, and tasteless. WoZfon. 2. It is used in some provinces, and in Scotland, for limber, flexile. To Limp, limp. v. n. [lumpen, Sax.] To halt; to walk lamely. An old poor man, Who after me hath many a weary step Limp'd in pure love. Shaksp, Son of sixteen, Pluck the lin'd crutch from thy old limping sire. Shaksp. How far The substance of my praise doth wrong this shadow In underprising it; so far this shadow Doth limp behind the substance. Shaksp. When Plutus, with his riches, is sent from Jupi- ter, he limps and goes slowly; but when he is sent by Pluto, he runs, and is swift of foot. Bacon. Lim/iing death, lash'd on by fate, Come- up to shorten half our date. Dryden. The limping smith observ'd the sadden 'd feast, And hopping here and there put in his word. Dryd. Can syllogisms set things right? No: majors soon with minors fight: Or both in friendly consort join'd, The consequence limps false behind. Prior. Li'mpet, llm'pit. n. s. A kind of shell- fish, Ainsworth. Li'mpid, lim'pid. adj. [limpide, French; limpidus, Latin.] Clear; pure; transpa- rent. The springs which were clear, fresh, and limpid, become thick and turbid, and impregnated with sul- phur as long as the earthquake lasts. Woodward. The brook that purls along The vocal grove, now fretting o'er a rock, Gently diffus'd into a limpid plain. Thomson. Li'mpidness, Hm'pid-nes. n. s. [from limpid.] Clearness; purity. Li'MPiNGLvf,limp'ing-le.a^.[from/i^.] In a lame halting manner. Li'my, li'me. adj. [from lime.] I. Viscous; glutinous. Striving more, the more in laces strong Himself he tied, and wrapt his winges twain In limy snares the subtil loops among. Spenser. 2. Containing lime. A human skull covered with the skin, having been buried in some limy soil, was tanned, or turn- ed into a kind of leather. Greiv. To Lin, lin. v. n. [abhnnan, Saxon.] To yield; to give over. Unto his foe he came, Resolv'd in mind all suddenly to win, Or soon to lose before he once would lin. Spenser. Li'nohpin, llnsh'pin. n. s. An iron pin that keeps the wheel on the axle-tree. Diet. Li'nctus, Hngk'tus.408 n. a. [from lingo, Latin.] Medicine licked up by the tongue. Li'nden, lin'dSn. n. a. [hnb, Sax.] The lime tree.] See Lime. Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dnjden. Two neighbouring trees with walls encompass'd round, One a hard oak, a softer linden one. Dryden. Line, line. n. a. [linea, Latin.] 1. Longitudinal extension. Even the planets, upon this principle, must gra- vitate no more towards the sun; so that they would not revolve in curve lines, but fly away in direct tangents, till they struck against other planets. Bcntley. 2. A slender string. Well sung the Roman bard; all human things, Of dearest value, hang on slender strings; 0 see the then sole hope, and in design Of heav'n our joy, supported by a Ztne. Waller. A line seldom holds to strain, or draws streight in length, above fifty or sixty feet. Moxon. 3. A thread extended to direct any ope- rations. We as by line upon the ocean go, Whose paths shall be familial- as the land. Dryden. 4. The string that sustains the angler's hook. Victorious with their lines and eyes, Thev make the fishes and the men their prize. 3 Waller. 5. Lineaments, or marks in the hand or face. Long is it since I saw him, But time hath nothing blurr'd those lines of favour Which then he wore. Shaksp. I shall have good fortune; go to, here's a simple line of life; here's a small trifle of wives. Shaksp. Here while his canting drone-pipe scan'd The mystick figures of her hand, He tipples palmestry and dines On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleaveland. 6. Delineation; sketch. You have generous thoughts turned to such spe- culations: but this is not enough towards the raising such buildings as I have drawn you here the lines of, unless the direction of all affairs here were wholly in your hands. Temple. The inventors meant to turn such qualifications into persons as were agreeable to his character, for whom the line was drawn. Pope. 7. Contour; outline. Oh lasting as those colours may they shine, Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy Zine.' Pope. 8. As much as is written from one mar- gin to the other; a verse. In the preceding line, Ulysses speaks of Nausi- caa, yet immediately changes the words to the masculine gender. Broome. In moving lines these few epistles tell What fate attends the nymph who loves too well. Garth. 9. Rank of soldiers. They pierce the broken foe's remotest lines. Addison. 10. Work thrown up; trench. Now snatch an hour that favours thy designs, Unite thy forces, and attack their tines. Dryden. 11. Method; disposition. The heavens themselves, the planets, and this center, Observe degree, priority, and place, Insisture, course, proportion, season, form, Office and custom, in all line of order. Shaksp. 12. Extension; limit. Eden stretch'd her Zine From Auran eastward to the royal tow'rs Of great Seleucia. Milton. 13. Equator; equinoctial circle. When the sun below the line descends, Then one long night continued darkness joins. Creech. 14. Progeny; family, ascending or de- scending. He chid the sisters When first they put the name of king upon me, And bade them speak to him; then prophet like, They hail'd him father to a Zine of kings. Shaksp. He sends you this most memorable line, In ev'ry branch truly demonstrative, Willing you overlook this pedigree. Shakspeare. Some lines were noted for a stern, rigid virtue, savage, haughty, parsimonious and unpopular; others were sweet and affable. Dryden. His empire, courage, and his boasted Zine, Were all prov'd mortal. Roscommon. A golden bowl The quern commanded to be crown'd with wine. The bowl that Belus us'd, and all the Tyrian line. Dryden. The years Ran smoothly on, productive of a Zine Of wise heroick kings. Philips. 15. A line is one tenth of an inch. 16. [In the plural.] A letter; as, I read your lines. 17. Lint or flax. To Line, line. v. a. [supposed by Junius from linum, linings being often made of linen.] t. To cover on the inside. A box lined with paper to receive the mercury that might be spilt. Boyle. 2. To put any thing in the inside: a sense rather ludicrous. The charge amounteth very high for any one man's purse, except lined beyond ordinary, to reach unto. Carew. Her women are about her: what if I do line one of their hands? Shakspeare. He, by a gentle vow, divin'd How well a cully's purse was Ztn'a". Swift. 3. To guard within. Notwithstanding they had lined some hedges with musqueteers, they were totally dispersed. Clarendon. 4. To strengthen by inner works. Line and new repair our towns of war Wilh men of courage, and with means defendant. S/iafcspeare. 5. To cover with something soft. Son of sixteen, Pluck the lin'd crutch from thy old limping sire. Shakspeare. 6. To double; to strengthen with help. Who lin'd himself with hope, Eating the air, on promise of supply. Shaksp. My brother Mortimer doth stir About his title, and hath sent for you To line his enterprise. Shaksp. The two armies were assigned to the leading of two generals, both of them rather courtiers, and assured to the state, than martial men; yet lined and assisted with subordinate commanders of great experience and valour. Bacon. 7. To impregnate: applied to animals generating. Thus from the Tyrian pastures lin'd with Jove He bore Europa, and still keeps his love. Creech. Li'neage, lin'ne-aje.113 n. s. [linage, Fr.] Race; progeny; family, ascending or descending. Both the lineage and the certain sire From which I sprung, from me are hidden yet. Spenser. Joseph was of the house and lineage of David. Luke. The Tirsan cometh forth with all his generation or lineage, the males before him, and the females fol lowing him; and if there be a mother from whose body the whole Zineage is descended, there is a tra- verse where she sitteth. Bacon. Men of mighty fame, And from th' immortal gods their lineage came. Dryden < No longer shall the widow'd land bemoan A broken lineage, and a doubtful throne, But boast her royal progeny's increase, And count the pledges of her future peace. Addis. This care was infused by God himself, in order to ascertain the descent of the Messiah, and to prove that he was, as the prophets had foretold, of the tribe of Judah, and of the lineage of David. Atterbury. LI'NEAL, lin'ne-al.113 adj. [linealis, from linea, Latin.] |l. Composed of lines; delineated. LIN LIN LIN When any thing is mathematically demonstrated weak, it is much more mechanically weak; errors ever occurring more easily in the management of gross materials than lineal designs. Wotton. 2. Descending in a direct genealogy. To re-establish, de facto, the right of lineal suc- cession to paternal government, is to put a man in possession of that government which his fathers did enjoy, and he by lineal succession had a right to. Locfee. 3. Hereditary; derived from ancestors. Peace be to France, if France in peace permit Our just and lineal entrance to our own. Shaksp. 4. Allied by direct descent. Queen Isabel, his grandmother, Was lineal of the lady Ermen^ere Shakep. O that your brows my laurel had sustain'd! Well had I been depos'd if you had reign'd; The father had descended for the son; For only you are lineal to the throne. Dryden. Li'neally, lln'e-al-le. adv. [from lineal.] In a direct line. If he had been the person upon whom the crown had lineally and rightfully descended, it was good law. Clarendon. Li'neament, lin'ne-a-m£nt. n. s. [linea- ment, French; lineamentum, Latin.] Feature; discriminating mark in the form. Noble York Found that the issue was not his begot: Which well appeared in his lineaments, Being nothing like the noble duke, my father. Shakspeare. Six wings he wore, to shade His lineaments divine. Milton. Man he seems In all his lineaments, though in his face The glimpses of his father's glory shine. Milton. There are not more differences in men's faces, and the outward lineaments of their bodies, than there are in the makes and tempers of their minds; only there is this difference, that the distinguishing characters of the face, and the lineaments of the body, grow more plain with time, but the peculiar physiognomy of the mind is most discernible in children. Locke. I may advance religion and morals, by tracing some few lineaments in the character of a lady, who hath spent all her life in the practice of both. Sicift. The utmost force of boiling water is not able to destroy the structure of the tenderest plant: the li- neaments of a white lily will remain after the strong- est decoction. Arbuthnot. Li'near, lin'ne-ar.113 adj. [linearis, Lat.] Composed of lines; having the form of lines. Wherever it is freed from the sand stone, it is covered with linear striae, tending towards several centers, so as to compose flat stellar figures. Woodward. Lixea'tion, lin-e-a'shim. n. s. [lineatio, from linea, Latin.] Draught of a line or lines. There are in the homey ground two white Zwiea- tions, with two of a pale red. Woodward. Li'nen, lin'nin.09 n. a. [linum, Lat.] Cloth made of hemp or flax. Here is a basket, he may creep in; throw foul linen upon him, as if going to bucking. Shaksp. Unseen, unfelt, the fiery serpent skims Between her linen and her naked limbs. Dryden. Li'nen, lin'nin. adj. [lineus, Latin.] 1. Made of linen. A linen stock on one leg, and a kersey boot hose on the other, gartered with a red and blue list. Shakspeare. 2. Resembling linen. Death of thy soul! those linen cheeks of thine Are counsellors to fear. What soldiers, whey-face? Shakspeare. Linen-drater, lin'nin-dra'pm\ »• «• [lin- en and draper.] He who deals in linen. Ling, ling. n. s. [ling, Islandick.] I. Heath. This sense is retained in the northern counties; yet Bacon seems to distinguish them. Heath, and Zing, and sedges. Bacon. 2. [Hnghe, Dutch.] A kind of sea fish. When harvest is ended, take shipping, or ride, Ling, salt fish, and herring, for Lent to provide. Tusser. Our English bring from thence good store offish, but especially our deepest and thickest ling, which are therefore called island lings. Abbot. Ling, ling. The termination notes com- monly diminution; as, kitli?ig, and is derived from klein, Gcr. little: some- times a quality; as firstling, in which sense Skinner deduces it from langen, old Teutonick, to belong. To Li'xger, ling'gfir.409 v.n. [from leng, Sax. long.] 1. To remain long in languor and pain. Like wretches, that have linger'd long, We'll snatch the strongest cordial of our love. Dryden. Better to rush at once to shades below, Than linger life away, and nourish woe. Pope. 2. To hesitate; to be in suspense. Perhaps thou ling'rest, in deep thoughts detain'd Of th' enterprize so hazardous and high. Paradise Regained. 3. To remain long. In an ill sense. Let order die, And let this world no longer be a stage To feed contention in a ling'ring act. Shaksp. Ye breth'ren of the lyre, and tuneful voice, Lament his lot; but at your own rejoice. Now live secure, and linger out your days; The gods are pleas'd alone with Purcel's lays. Dryden. Your very fear of death shall make ye try To catch the shade of immortality; Wishing on earth to linger, and to save Part of its prey from the devouring grave. Prior. 4. To remain long without any action or determination. We have lingered about a match between Anne Page and my cousin Slender, and this day we shall have our answer. Shakspeare. 5. To wait long in expectation or uncer- tainty. I must solicit All his concerns as mine: And if my eyes have pow'r, he should not sue In vain, nor linger with a long delay. Dryden. 6. To be long in producing effect. She doth think, she hath strange ling'ring poi- sons ! Shakspeare. To Li'nger, ling'gtir. v. a. To protract; to draw out to length. Out of use. I can get no remedy against this consumption of the purse. Borrowing only lingers and Ztng-ers it out, but the disease is incurable. Shakspeare. She lingers my desires. Shakspeare. Let your brief plagues be mercy, And linger not our sure destruction on. Shaksp. Li'ngerer, ling'gur-ur.667 n. s. [from linger.] One who lingers. Li'ngeringly, ling'gur-ing-le.98 adv. [from lingering.] With delay; tedi- ously. Of poisons, some kill more gently and lingering- ly, others more violently and speedily, yet both kill. Hale. Li'nget, Hng'get. n. a. [from languel; lingot, Fr.] A small mu~s of metal. Other mattcrhath been used for money, as among the Lacedemonians, iron linguels quenched witn vinegar, that they may serve to no other use. ° J Camden. Ll'.YGO, Hng'go. n. s. [Portuguese.] Language; tongue; speech. A low cant word. I have thoughts to learn somewhat of your lingo, before I cross the seas. Congreve. Lingua'cious, lin-gwa'shiis.408 adj. [lin- guax, Lat.] Full of tongue; loquaci- ous; talkative. Linguade'ntal, ling-gwa-deVtal. adj. [lingua and dens, Latin.] Uttered by the joint action of the tongue and teeth. The linguadentals, f. v. as also the linguadentals, th, dh, he will soon learn. Holder. Li'nguist, ling'gwlst.331 n. s. [from {lin- gua, Latin.] A man skilful in lan- guages. Though a linguist should pride himself to have all the tongues that Babel cleft the world into, yet, if he had not studied the solid things in them, as well as the words and lexicons, he were nothing so much to be esteemed a learned man, as any yeo- man or tradesman competently wise in his mother dialect only. Milton. Our linguist received extraordinary rudiments towards a good education. Spectator. Li'ngwort, ling'wurt. n. s. An herb. Li'niment, Iin'ne-m£nt. n. s. [liniment, Fr. linimentum, Lat.] Ointment; bal- sam; unguent. The nostrils, and the jugular arteries, ought to be anointed every morning with this liniment or balsam. Harvey. The wise author of nature hath provided on the rump two glandules, which the bird catches hold upon with her bill, and squeezes out an oily pap or liniment, fit for the inunction of the feathers. Ray. Li'ning, li'ning.410 n. s. [from line.] 1. The inner covering of any thing; the inner double of a garment. Was I deceiv'd, or did a sable cloud Turn forth her silver lining on the night? Milton. The fold in the gristle of the nose is covered with a lining, which differs from the facing of the tongue. Grew. The gown with stiff embroid'ry shining, Looks charming with a slighter lining. Prior. 2. That which is within. The lining of his coffers shall make coats To deck our soldiers for these Irish wars. Shaksp. Link, lingk.408 n. s. [gelencke, German.] 1. A single ring of a chain. The Roman state, whose course will yet go on The way it takes, cracking ten thousand curbs Of more strong links asunder, than can ever Appear in your impediment. Shaksp. The moral of that poetical fiction, that the up- permost link of all the series of subordinate causes is fastened to Jupiter's chair, signifies an useful ^th- Hale. Truths hang together in a chain of mutual de- pendance; you cannot draw one link without at- tracting others. Glanville. While she does her upward flight sustain, Touching each link of the continued chain, At length she is oblig'd and fore'd to see A first, a source, a life, a deity. Prior. 2. Any thing doubled and closed together. Make a link of horse hair very strong and fastea it to the end of the stick that springs. Mortimer. 3. A chain; any thing connecting. Nor airless dungeon, nor strong Zinjfcs of iron Can be retentive to the strength of spirit. Shaksp. I feel ™" LIN LIO LIT The link of nature draw me; flesh of flesh, Bone of my bone thou art. Milton. Fire, flood and earth, and air, by this were bound, And love, the common link, the new creation crown'd. Dryden. 4. Any single part of a series or chain of consequences; a gradation in ratiocina- tion; a proposition joined to a foregoing and following proposition. The thread and train of consequences in intellec- tive ratiocination is often long, and chained toge- ther by divers links, which cannot be done in ima- ginative ratiocination by some attributed to brutes. Hale. 5. A series: this sense is improper. Ad- dison has used link for chain. Though I have here only chosen this single link of martyrs, I might find out others among those names which are still extant, that delivered down this account of our Saviour in a successive tradi- tion. Addison. 6. [trom Ao^vej.] A torch made of pitch and hurds. O, thou art an everlasting bonefire light; thou hast saved me a thousand marks in links and tor- ches, walking with thee in the night betwixt tavern and tavern. Shakspeare. Whereas history should be the torch of truth, he makes her in divers places a fuliginous link of lies. Howel. Round as a globe, and liquor'd every chink, Goodly and great he sails behind his link. Dryden. One that bore a Zinfc On a sudden clapp'd his flaming cudgel, Like linstock, to the horse's touch-hole. Hudibras. 7. Pernaps in the following passage it may mean lampblack. There was no link to colour Peter's has. Shaksp. To Link, lingk. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To complicate; as, the links of a chain. Descending tread us down, Thus drooping; or with linked thunderbolts Transfix us to the bottom of this gulph. Milton. Against eating cares, Lap me in soft Lydian airs; Married to immortal verse, Such as the meeting soul may pierce In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out. Milton. 2. To unite; to conjoin in concord. They're so linked in friendship, That young prince Edward marries Warwick's daughter. Sliaksp. 3. To join; to connect. LinA: towns to towns with avenues of oak, j Inclose whole downs in walls, 'tis all a joke. Pope. So from the first eternal order ran, And creature Unk'd to creature, man to man. Pope. 4. To join by confederacy or contract. They make an offer of themselves into the ser- vice of that enemy, with whose servants they ZinJfc themselves in so near a bond. Hooker. Be advised for the best, Ere thou thy daughter link in holy band Of wedlock, to that new unknown guest. F. Qjueen. Blood in princes Unk'd not in such sort, As that it is in any pow'r to tye. Daniel. 5. To connect, as concomitant. New hope to spring Out of despair; joy, but with fear yet Unk'd. Milton. God has linkt our hopes and our duty together. Decay of Piety. So gracious hath God been to us, as to link to- gether our duty and our interest, and to make those very things the instances of our obedience, which are the natural means and causes of our happiness. Tillotson. 6. To unite or concatenate in a regular scries of consequences. These things are linked, and, as it were, chained one to another: we labour to eat, and we eat to live, and we live to do good; and the good which we do is as seed sown, with reference uuto a future harvest. Hooker. Tell me, which part it does necessitate? I'll chuse the other: there I'll link th' effect; A chain, which fools to catch themselves project! Dryden. By which chain of ideas thus visibly linked toge- ther in train, t. e. each intermediate idea agreeing on each side with those two it is immediately placed between, the ideas of men and self-determination appear to be connected. Locke. Li'nkboy, liugk'boe. ~) n. a. [link and Li'nkmax, lingk'man.3 boy.] A boy that carries a torch to accommodate passen- gers with light. What a ridiculous thing it was, that the continu- ed shadow of the earth should be broken by sudden miraculous disclusions of light, to prevent the offi- ciousness of the linkboy. More. Though thou art tempted by the linkmon's call, Yet trust him not along the lonely wall. Gay. In the black form of cinder-wench she came. O may no linkboy interrupt their love! Gay. Li'nnet, lin'nit." n. a. [linot, French; li- narin, T.atin.] A small singing bird. The swallows make use of celandine, the Ztnnef of euphragia, for the repairing of their sight. .Afore. Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat? Pope. Linse'ed, Hn'seeU n. s. [semen lini, Lat.] The seed of flax, which is much used in medicine. The joints may be closed with a cement of lime, linseed oil, and cotton. Mortimer's Husbandry. Li'nseywoolsey, lin'se-wvil'se. adj. [linen and wool.] Made of linen and wool mixed; vile; mean; of different and un- suitable parts. A lawless linstywoolsie brother, Half of one order, half another. Hudibras. Peel'd, patch'd and pyebald, linseywoolsey bro- thers, Grave mummers! sleeveless some, and shirtless others. Pope Li'nstock, tin'st6k. n. s. [lunte or lente, Teutonick, lint and stock.] A staff of wood with a match at the end of it, used by gunners in firing cannon. Hanmer. The nimble gunner With lynslock now the devilish cannon touches, And down goes all before him. Shakspeare. The distance judg'd for shot of ev'ry size, The linstocks touch, the pond'rous ball expires. Dryden. Lint, lint. n. s. [linteum, Latin; tlin, Welsh and Erse.] I. The soft substance commonly called flax. 2. Linen scraped into soft woolly substance to lay on sores. I dressed them up with unguentum basilici cum vitello ovi, upon plcdgits of Zt7iZ. Wiseman. Li'ntel, lin'tel. n. s. [linteal, Fr.] That pan of the door frame that lies cross the door posts over head. Take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the ZtnZeZ and the two side-posts. Exodus When you lay any timber or brick work, as lin- tels over windows, lay them iu loam, which is a great preserver of timber. Moxon. Silver the lintels deep projecting o'er And gold the ringlets that command the door. Pope. Li'on, li'un.1™ n. s. [Hon, Fr. leo, Lat.] The fiercest and most magnanimous of fourfooted beasts. King Richard's surname was Cor-de-Lion, for his Zion-like coma. e. (VmZen'f Remains. Be lion mettled; proud, and take no care Who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are; Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be. Shakspeare. The sphinx, a famous monster in L'vpt. hid the face of a virgin, and the body of a lion. PcacJiam. They rejoice Each with their kind, lion with lioness; So fitly them in pairs thou hast combin'd. Milton. See lion hearted Richard, Piously valiant, like a torrent swell'd With wintry tempests, that disdains al! mounds, Breaking away impetuous, and involves Within its sweep, trees, houses, men, he press'd, Amidst the thickest battle. Philips. . A sign in the zodiack. The lion for the honour of his skin, The squeezing crab, and stinging scorpion shine For aiding heaven, when giants dar'd to brave The threat'ned stars. Creech's Manilvus. Li'oness, li'iin-nes. n. a. [feminine of Hon.] A she lion.* Under which bush's shade, a koness Lay couching head on ground, with cat-like watch, When that the sleeping man should stir. Shaksp. The furious lioness, Forgetting young ones, through the fields doth roar. May. The greedy lioness the wolf pursues, The wolf the kid, the wanton kid the browze. Dryden. If we may believe Pliny, lions do, in a very se- vere manner, punish the adulteries of the lioness. Ayliffe's Paragon. Li'onleaf, li'fin-lefe. n.s. [leont ope talon, Lat.] A plant. Miller. Li'on's-mouth, li'ilnz-HNJiu//."") n.s. [from Li ox's-paw, li'unz-paw. I /um.jThe Li'ok's-tail, li'unz-tale. f name of Li'on's-tooth, li'ilnz-t66M. J an herb. ♦ Lip, lip. n. s. [iippe, Saxon.] I. The outer part of the mouth, the mus- cles that shoot beyond the teeth, which are of so much use in speaking, that they are used for all the organs of speech. Those happiest smiles That play'd on her ripe Zi>, seem'd not to know What guests were in her eyes. Shakspeare. JNo falsehood shall defile my Ztus with lies Or with a veil of truth disguise. Sandys. r Her lips blush deeper sweets. Thomson's Sprin*. 2. The edge of any thing. In many places is a ridge of mountains some dis- tance from the sea, and a plain from their roots to the shore; which plain was formerly covered by the sea, which bounded against those hills as its first ramparts, or as the ledges or lips of its vessel. t i .i ,- . , Burnet. In wounds, the lips sink and are flaccid: a gleet followcth, and the flesh within withers. Wiseman 3. To make a lip. To hang the lip in sul- lenness and contempt. A letter for me! It gives me an estate of seven years health; in which time I will make a lip at the physician Sliakyeare. to Lip, Up. v. a. [from the noun.] To kiss. Obsolete. A hand, that kings Have lipt, and trembled kissing. Shakspeare Oh!'tis the fiend's arch mock, To lip a wanton and suppose her chaste. Shaksp. Lii'la'bocu, lip'la-bui-. n. s. [Up and la. bour.] Action of the lips without con- currence of the mind; words without sentiments. Fasting, when prayer is nit dimtej to its own purposes, is bat lijdabour. Ta™- LIQ LIS LIS Lipo'thymous, li-poM'e-mtis.138 adj. [xt'nru and $vtiu>e together with him. 1 Thcssalonians. . To remain undestroyed. It was a miraculous providence that could make a vessel, so ill-manned, live upon sea; that kept it from being dashed against the hills, or overwhelm- ed in the deeps. Burnet. Mark how the shifting winds from west arise, And what collected night involves the skies! Nor can our shaken vessels live at sea, Much less against the tempest force their way. Dryden. To continue; not to be lost. Men's evil manners live in brass, their virtues, We write in water. Shaksp. Sounds which address the ear are lost and die In one short hour; but that which strikes the eye Lives long upon the mind; the faithful sight Engraves the knowledge with a beam of light. Watts. The tomb with manly arms and trophies grace. There high in air memorial of my name Fix the smooth oar, and bid me live to fame. Pope. 8. To converse; to cohabit: followed by with. The shepherd swains shall dance and sing, For they delight each May morning. If these delights thy mind may move, Then live with me, and be my love. Shaksp. >. To feed. Those animals that live upon other animals have their flesh more alkalescent than those that live up- on vegetables. Arbuthnot. 10. To maintain one's self; to be sup- ported. A most notorious thief; lived all his life-time of spoils and robberies. Spenser. They which minister about holy things, live of the things of the temple. l Corinthians. His goods were all seized upon, and a small por- tion thereof appointed for his poor wife to live upon. Knolles. The number of soldiers can never be great in proportion to that of people, no more than of those that are idle in a country, to that of those who live byu b°uUr;. Knpk. He had been most of his time in good service and had something to live on now he was old. n- u • Temple. 11. I o be in a state of motion or vegeta- tion. In a spacious cave of living stone, The tyrant ^olus, from his airy throne, With pow'r imperial curbs the struggling winds. _ , , Dryden. Cool gioves and living lakes Give after toilsome days a soft repose at night. Dryden. 12. To be unextinguished. Pure oil and incense on the fire they throw: These gifts the greedy flames to dust devour, Then on the living coals red wine they pour. Dryd. Live, live.15" adj. [from alive.] 1. Quick; not dead. If one man's ox hurt another that he die, thev shall sell the live ox, and divide the money. Exod 2. Active; not extinguished A louder sound was produced by the impetuor- eruptions of the halituous flames of the saltneti upon casting of a live coal upon it. Boul Li'vf.less, live'les. adj. [from Wanting life; rather, lifeless. Description cannot suit itself in words, H 2 Boyle. live.] To demonstrate the life of such a battle, In life so liveless as it shews itself. Shaktp. Livelihood, live'le-hud.1"7 n. s. [It ap- pears to me corrupted from livelode.] Support of life; maintenance; means of living. Ah! luckless babe! born under cruel star, And iu dead parents baleful ashes bred; Full little weenest Ihou what sorrows arc Left thee for portion of thy livelihood! Spensn: That rebellion drove the lady from thence, to find a livelihood out of her own estate. Clarendon. He brings disgrace upon his character, to submit to the picking up of a livelihood in that -trolling way of canting aud begging. L'Estrange. It is their profession and Uvclihood to get their living by practices for which they deserve to forfeit their lives. South. They have been as often banished out of most other places, which must very much disperse a people, and oblige them to seek a livelihood where they can find it. Spectator. Trade employs multitudes of hands, and fur- nishes the poorest of our fellow-subjects with the opportunities of gaining an honest livelihood: the skilful or industrious find their account in it. Addis. Liveliness,live'le-n£s.n.a. [fromlively.] '. Appearance of life. That liveliness which the freedom of the pencil makes appear, may seem the living hand of nature. Dryden. Vivacity; sprightliness. Extravagant young fellows that have liveliness and spirit, come sometimes to be set right, and so make able and great men; but tame and low spirits very seldom attain to any thing. Locke. Li'velode, live'lode. n. s. [live and load, from lead; the means of leading life.] Maintenance; support; livelihood. She gave like blessing to each creature, As well of wordly livelode as of life, That there might be no difference nor strife. Hubberd's Tale. Li'velong, liy'long.18? adj. [live and long.] I. Tedious; long in passing. Many a time, and oft, Have you climb'd up to walls and battlements, Your infants iii your arms; and there have sate The livelong day, with patient expectation, To see great Pompey pass. Shaksp. The obscur'd bird clamour'd the livelong night. Shakspeare. Young and old come forth to play On a sun-shine holiday, Till the livelong day-light fail. Milton. Seek for pleasure to destroy The sorrows of this livelong night. Prior. How could she sit the livelong day, Yet never ask us once to play? Swift. 2. Lasting; durable. Not used. Thou, in our wonder and astonishment, Hast built thyself a livelong monument. Milton. Li'vely, liye'le.^ adj. [live and like.] 1. Brisk; vigorous; vivacious. But wherefore comes old Manoa in such haste, With youthful steps? much livelier than ere while He seems; supposing here to find his son, Or of him bringing to us some glad news? Milton 2. Gay; airy. Dulness delighted, ey'd the lively dunce, Rememb'ring she herself was pertue s once. Pvpe. Form'd by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. P0pe i. Representing life. Since a true knowledge of nature ghes us plea- sure, a ZireZy imitation of it in poetry or pain tin" must produce a much greater. I)nja\n I. Strong; eneigetick. His faith must be not only living, but lively too- LIV LIV LI Z adv. it must be brightened and stirred up by a particular exercise of those virtues specifically requisite to a due performance of this duty. South. The colours of the prism arc manifestly more full, intense, and lively, than those of natural bodies. Newton's OpHcks. Imprint upon their minds, by proper arguments and reflections, a lively persuasion of the certainty of a future state. Atterbury. Li'velily, live'le-le Li'vely, live'le. 1. Briskly; vigorously. They brought their men to the slough, who dis- charging lively almost close to the face of the ene- my, did much amaze them. Hayward. 2. With strong resemblance of life. That part of poetry must needs be best, which describes most lively our actions and passions, our virtues and our vices. Dryden. Li'ver, Hv'vflr.98 n. s. [from live.] 1. One who lives. Be thy affections undisturb'd and clear, Guided to what may great or good appear, And try if life be worth the liver's care. Prior. 1. One who lives in any particular man- ner with respect to virtue or vice, hap- piness or misery. The end of his descent was to gather a church of holy christian livers over the whole world. Hamm. If any loose liver have any goods of his own, the sheriff is to seize thereupon. Spenser. Here are the wants of children, of distracted per- sons, of sturdy wandering beggars and loose disor- derly livers, at one view represented. Atterbury. 3. [fromhpepe, Sax.] One of the entrails. With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come: And let my liver rather heat with wine, Than my heart cool with mortifying groans. Shakspeare. Reason and respect Make livers pale, and lustihood dejected. Shaksp. Li'vercolour, llv'vur-kill-lftr. adj. [liver and colour.] Dark red. The uppermost stratum is of gravel; then clay of various colours, purple, blue, red, livercolour. Woodward. Li'vergrown, liv'vur-grone. adj. [liver and grown.] Having a great liver. I enquired what other casualties were most like the rickets, and found that livergrown was nearest. Graunt. Li'verwort, liv'vfir-wfirt. n. s. [liver and wort; lichen.] A plant. That sort of livenoort which is used to cure the bite of mad dogs, grows on commons, and open heaths, where the grass is short, on declivities, and on the sides of pits. This spreads on the surface of the ground, and, when in perfection, is of an ash colour; but as it grows old, it alters, and becomes of a dark colour. Miller. Li'very, liv'vur-e.98 n. s. [from livrer, Fr.] 1. The act of giving or taking possession. You do wrongfully seize Hereford's right, Call in his letters patents that he hath By his attorneys general to sue His livery, and deny his offered homage. Shaksp. 2. Release from wardship. Had the two houses first sued out their livery, and once effectually redeemed themselves from the wardship of the tumults, I should then suspect my own judgment. King Charles. 3. The writ by which possession is ob- tained. 4. The state of being kept at a certain rate. What livery is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely, that it is an allowance of horse meat; as they commonly use the word stabling, as to keep horses at livery; the which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly food; so in great houses, the livei-y is said to be served up for all night, that is, their evening allowance for drink: and livery is also called the upper weed which a serving man wears; so called, I suppose, for that it was delivered and taken from him at pleasure: so it is apparent, that, by the word livery, is there meant horse meat, like as by the coigny is understood man's meat. Some say it is derived of coin, for that they used in their coignies not only to take meat but money; but I rather think it is derived of the Irish, the which is a common use amongst landlords of the Irish to have a common spending upon their tenants, who being commonly but tenants at will, they used to take of them what victuals they list; for of victuals they were wont to make a small reckoning. Spen. . The clothes given to servants. My mind for weeds your virtue's livery wears. Sidney. Perhaps they are by so much the more loth to for- sake this argument, for that it hath, though nothing else, yet the name of scripture, to give it some kind of countenance more than the pretext of livery coats affordeth. Hooker. I think, it is our way, If we will keep in favour with the king, To be her men, and wear her livery. Shaksp. Yet do our hearts wear Timon's livery; That see I by our faces. Shaksp. Ev'ry lady cloath'd in white, And crown'd with oak and laurel ev'ry knight, Are servants to the leaf, by liveries known Of innocence. Dryden. On others' int'rest her gay liv'ry flings, Interest that waves on party-colour'd wings; Turn'd to the sun she casts a thousand dyes, And as she turns the colours fall or rise. Dunciad. If your dinner miscarries, you were teized by the footmen coming into the kitchen; and to prove it true, throw a ladleful of broth on one or two of their liveries. Swift. . A particular dress; a garb worn as a token or consequence of any thing. Of fair Urania, fairer than a green Proudly bedeck'd, in April's livery. Sidney. Mistake me not for my complexion The shadow'd livery of the burning sun, To whom I am a neighbour and near bred. Shaksp. At once came forth whatever creeps the ground, Insect, or worm: those wav'd their limber fans For wings, and smallest lineaments exact, In all the liveries deck'd of summer's pride, With spots of gold and purple, azure, green. Milton. Now came still evening on, and twilight grey Had in her sober livery all things clad. Milton. Li'veryman, liv'vilr-e-man.88 n. 8. [livery and man.] 1. One who wears a livery; a servant of an inferiour kind. The witnesses made oath, that they had heard some of the liverymen frequently railing at their mistress. Arbuthnot. 2. [In London.] A freeman of some stand- ing in a company. Lives, livz. n. s. [the plural of life.] So short is life, that every peasant strives, In a farm house or field, to have three lives. Donne. LI'VID, llv'id. adj. [lividus, Lat. livide, Fr.] Discoloured as with a blow; black and blue. It was a pestilent fever, not seated in the veins or humours, for that there followed no carbuncles, no purple or livid spots, the mass of the blood not being tainted. Bacon. Upon my livid lips bestow a kiss: O envy not the dead, they feel not bliss? Dryden. They beat their breasts with many a bruising blow, Till they turn livid, and corrupt the snow. Dryden. Livi'dity, le-vfd'e-te. n. s. [lividtte, It. from livid.] Discolouration, as by a blow. The signs of a tendency to such a state, are dark- ness or lividity of the countenance. Arbuthnot. Li'ving, liv'ving.410 participial adj. I. Vigorous; active: as, a living faith. 2. Being in motion; having some natural energy, or principle of action: as, the living green, the living springs. Li'ving, liv'ving.410 n. s. [from live.] I. Support; maintenance; fortune on which one lives. The Arcadians fought as in an unknown place, having no succour but in their hands; the Helots, as in their own place, fighting for their livings, wives, and children. Sidney. All they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living. Mark. 2. Power of continuing life. There is no living without trusting somebody or other, in some cases. L'Estrange. 3. Livelihood. For ourselves we may a living make. Hubberd. Then may I set the world on wheels, when she can spin for her living. Shaksp. Isaac and his wife, now dig for your life, Or shortly you'll dig for your living. Denham. Actors must represent such things as they are ca- pable to perform, by which both they and the scrib- bler may get their living. Dryden. Benefice of a clergyman. Some of our ministers having the livings of the country offered unto them, without pains, will, nei- ther for any love of God, nor for all the good they may do, by winning souls to God, be drawn forth from their warm nests. Spenser. The parson of the parish preaching against adul- tery, Mrs. Bull told her husband, that they would join to have him turned out of his living for using personal reflections. Arbuthnot. Li'vingly, liv'ving-le. adv. [from living.] In the living state. In vain do they scruple to approach the dead, who livingly are cadaverous, or fear any outward pollution, whose temper pollutes themselves. Brown. LI'VRE, li'vvir.416 n. s. [Fr.] The sum by which the French reckon their money, equal nearly to our ten-pence. Lixi'vial, lik-siv'e-al. adj. [from lixivi- um, Lat.] I. Impregnated with salts like a lixivium. The symptoms of the excretion of the bile viti- ated, were a yellowish colour of the skin, and a lixivial urine. Arbuthnot. 2. Obtained by lixivium. Helmont conjectured, that lixivial salts do not pre-exist in their alcalizate form. Boyle. Lixi'viate, lik-siv'e-ate.91arf/'. [lixivieux, Fr. from lixivium.] Making a lixivium. In these the salt and lixiviated serosity, with some portion of choler, is divided between the guts and the bladder. Brown. Lixiviate salts, to which pot ashes belong, by piercing the bodies of vegetables, dispose them to part readily with their tincture. Boyle. LIXI'VIUM, lik-siv'e-um. n. s. [Lat.] Lie; water impregnated with alkaline salt, produced from the ashes of vege- tables; a liquor which has the power of extraction. I made a lixivium of fair water and salt of worm- wood, and having frozen it with snow and salt, I could not discern any thing more like to worm- wood than to several other plants. Boyle. Li'zard, liz'zard.88 n. s. [liaa?'de, Fr. la- LO A L 0 A LO A cert us, Lat.] An animal resembling a serpent with legs added to it. There are several sorts of lizards; some in Ara- bia of a cubit long. In America they eat lizards. It is very probable likewise that they were eaten in Arabia and Judaea, since Moses ranks them among the unclean creatures. Calmet. Thou'rt like a foul mis-shapen stigmatick, Mark'd by the destinies to be avoided, As venomous toads, or lizards dreadful stings. Shakspeare. Adder's fork, and blindworm's sting, Lizard's leg, and owlet's wing. Shaksp. Li'zardstone, liz'zard-stone. n. 8. [lizard and stone.] A kind of stone. Li'zardtail, liz'zard-tale. n. s. A plant. LL.D, el-el-de'. [legum doctor.] A doctor of the cannon and civil laws. Lo, 16. interject, [la, Sax.] Look; see; be- hold. It is a word used to recall the attention generally to some object of sight; sometimes to something heard, but not properly; often to something to be understood. Lo! within a ken our army lies. Shaksp. Now must the world point at poor Catherine, And say, lo! there is mad Petruchio's wife. Shaksp. Lo! I have a weapon, A better never did itself sustain Upon a soldier's thigh. Shakspeare. Thou did'st utter, I am yours for ever. —Why lo you now, I've spoke to the purpose twice. Shaksp. For lb! he sung the world's stupendous birth. Roscommon. Lo! heav'n and earth combine To blast our bold design. Dryden. Loach, lotsh.363 n. s. [loche, Fr.J The loach is a most dainty fish; he breeds and feeds in little and clear swift brooks or rills, and lives there upon the gravel, and in the sharpest streams: he grows not to be above a finger long, and no thicker than is suitable to that length: he is of the shape of an eel, and has a beard of wattles like a barbel: he has two fins at his sides, four at his belly, and one at his tail, dappled with many black or brown spots: his mouth, barbel-like, under his nose. This fish is usually full of eggs or spawn, and is by Gesner and other physicians, commended for great nourishment, and to be very grateful both to the palate and stomack of sick persons, and is to be fished for with a small worm, at the bottom, for he seldom rises above the gravel. Walton. Load, lode.296 n. s. [hlabe, Sax.] 1. A burden; a freight; lading. Fair plant with fruit surcharg'd, Deigns, none to ease thy Zoad, and taste thy sweet? Milton. Then on his back he laid the precious load, And sought his wonted shelter." Dryden. Let India boast her groves, nor envy we The weeping amber, and the balmy tree; While by our oaks the precious loads are born, And realms commanded which these trees adorn. Pope. 2. Weight; pressure; encumbrance. Jove lighten'd of its load Th' enormous mass, the labour of a god. Pope. 3. Weight, or violence of blows. Like lion mov'd they laid on load, And made a cruel fight. Chevy Chace. Far heavier load thyself expect to feel From my prevailing arm. Milton. And Mnestheus laid hard load upon his helm. Dryden. 4. Any thing that depresses. How a man can have a quiet and cheerful mind, under a great burden and load of guilt, I know not, unless he be very ignorant. JJfl«, 5. As much drink as one can bear. 'There are those that can never sleep without their load, nor enjoy one easy thought, till they have laid all their cares to rest with a bottle. L'Estrange. The thund'ring god, Ev'n he withdrew to rest, and had his load. Dryd. To Load, lode. v. a. pret. loaded; part. loaden or laden, [hlaban, Sax.] 1. To burden; to freight. At last, laden with honour's spoils, Returns the good Andronicus to Rome. Sliaksj). Your carriages were heavy loaden; they are a burden to the beast. Isaiah. 2. To encumber; to embarrass. He that makes no reflections on what he reads, only loads his mind with a rhapsody of tales, fit in winter nights for the entertainment of others. Locke. 3. To charge a gun. A mariner having discharged his gun, and loading it suddenly again, the powder took fire. Wiseman. 4. To make heavy by something append- ed or annexed. Thy dreadful vow, loaden with death, still sounds In my stunn'd ears. Addison. Load, lode. n. s. [more properly lode, as it was anciently written; from laeban, Sax. to lead.] The leading vein in a mine. The tin lay couched at first in certain strakes amongst the rocks, like the veins in a man's body, from the depth whereof the main load spreadeth out his branches, until they approach the open air. Carew. Their manner of working in the lead mines, is to follow the load as it lieth. Caretu. Lo'ader, 16'dur.s8 n. s. [from load.] He who loads. Lo'adsman, lodz'man-88 n. s. [load or lode and man.] He who leads the way; a pilot. Lo'ADSTAR,lode'star. n. s. [more properly as it is in Mandeville, lodestar, from laeban, to lead.] The polestar; the cy- nosure; the leading or guiding star. She was the loadstar of my life; she the blessing of mine eyes; she the overthrow of my desires, and yet the recompence of my overthrow. Sidney. My Helice, the loadstar of my life. Spemer. O happy fair! Your eyes are loadstars, and your tongue sweet air! More tuneable than lark to shepherd's ear When wheat is green, when hawthorn buds appear. Shakspeare. That clear majesty Which standeth fix'd, yet spreads her heavenlv worth, J Lodestone to hearts, and lodestar to all eyes. Davies. Lo'adstone, lode'stone. n. s. [properly lodestone or leading-stone. See Load- star.] The magnet; the stone on which the mariner's compass needle is touched to give it a direction north and south. The loadstone is a peculiar and rich ore of iron found in large masses, of a deep iron grey were fresh broken, and often tinged with a brownish or reddish colour; it is very heavy, and considerably hard, and its great character is that of affecting iron. This ore of iron is found in England, and in most other places where there are mines of that metal. The use of the loadstone was kept as secret as any of the other mysteries of the art. Swift. Loaf, lofe.295 n. s. [from hlap or lap, Sax.] I. A mass of bread as it is formed by the baker: a loaf is thicker than a cake. Easy it is Of a cut loaf to steal a shive we know. Shaksp. The bread corn in the town sufficed not for six days: hereupon the soldiers entered into proportion; and, to give example, the lord Clinton limited him- self to a loaf a day. Hayicard. With equal force you may break a loaf of bread into more and less parts than a lump of lead of the same bigness. Digby. 2. Any thick mass into which a body is wrought. Your wine becomes so limpid, that you may bot- tle it with a piece of loaf sugar in each botttle. Mortimer. LOAM, lome.296 n. s. [lim, laam, Sax. li- ?nus, Lat. from Ai^vjj, a fen, Junius.] Fat, unctuous, tenacious earth; marl. The purest treasure Is spotless reputation; that away, Men are but gilded loam or painted clay. Shaksp. Alexander returneth to dust: the dust is earth; of earth we make loam; and why of that loam might they not stop a beer barrel? Shaksp. To Loam, lome. v. a. [from the noun.] To smear with loam, marl, or clay; to clay. The joist ends and girders which be in the walls, must be loamed all over, to preserve them from the corroding of the mortar. Moxon. Loamy, lo'me. adj. [from loam.] Marly. Tin.' mellow earth is the best, between the two extremes of clay and sand, if it be not loamy and binding. Bacon. Auricula seedlings best like a loamy sand, or light moist earth; yet rich and shaded. Evelyn. Loan, lone.298 n. s. [hisen, Saxon.] Any thing lent; any thing given to another, on condition of return or repayment. The better such ancient revenues shall be paid, the less need her majesty ask subsidies, fifteens, and loans. Bacon. You're on the fret, Because, in so debauch'd and vile an age, Thy friend and old acquaintance dares disown The gold you lent him, and forswear the loan. Dryden. Loath, 16^.39* adj. [lafc, Saxon.] Un- willing; disliking; not ready; not inclin- ed. These fresh and delightful brooks, how slowly they slide away, as loth to leave the company of so many things united in perfection! Sidney. With lofty eyes, half loth to look so low, She thanked them in her disdainful wise, Ne other grace vouchsafed them to show Of princess worthy. Spenser. When he heard her answers loth he knew Some secret sorrow did her heart distrain. Spenser. To speak so indirectly, I am loth; I'd say the truth; but to accuse him so, That is your part. Shaksp. Long doth she stay, as loth to leave the land, From whose soft side she first doth issue make; She tastes all places, turns to ev'ry hand, Her flow'ry banks unwilling to forsake. Davies. Then wilt thou not be loth To leave this paradise, but shalt possess A paradise within thee, happier far! Milton. To pardon willing, and to punish loth; You strike with one hand, but you heal with both: Lifting up all that prostrate lie, you grieve You cannot make the dead again to live. Waller. When Mneas is forced to kill Lausus, the poet shews him compassionate, and is loth to destroy such a master-piece of nature. Dryden. As some faint pilgrim standing on the shore, First views the torrent he would venture o'er; And then his inn upon the farther ground, Loth to wade through, and lother to go round: Then dipping in his staff doth trial make How deep it is; and, sighing, pulls it back. Dryden. I know you shy to be oblig'd; And still more loath to be oblig'd by me. Southerne. To Loathe, Iothc46? v. a. [from loath.] 1. To hate; to look on with abhorrence Parthenia had learned both liking and mislikin* loving and loathing. 5W J' L 0 \ LOC LOC They with their filthincss Polluted this same gentle soil long time, That their own mother loath'd their beastliness. Spenser. How am I caught with an unwary oath, Not to reveal the secret which 1 loath. Waller. For thee the I.on loalhs the ta.u, of blood, And roaring hunts his female through the wood. Dryden. Now his exalted spirit loalhs Incumbrances of food and clothes. Swift. 2. To consider with the disgust of satiety. Loathing the honey'd cakes, 1 long'd for bread. C cno ley. Our appetite is extinguished with the satisfaction, and is succeeded by loathing and satiety. Rogers. 3. To see food with dislike. Loathing is a symptom known to attend disorders of the stomach; the cure must have regard to the cause. Quincy. To Loathe, Iothc v. n. i. To create disgust; to cause abhorrence. Obsolete. Where I was wont to seek the honey bee, The grisly toadstool grown there might I see, And loathing paddocks lording on the same. Spens. 2. To feel abhorrence or disgust. The fish in the river shall die, and the river stink; and the Egyptians shall lothe to drink of the water. Exodus. Why do I stay within this hated place, Where every object shocks my loathing eyes? Rowe. Lo'ather, Ioth'ox.88 n. s. [from loath.] One that loathes. Lo'athful, loTH'ful. adj. [loath and full.] 1. Abhorring; hating. Which he did with loathful eyes behold, He would no more endure. Hubberd. 2. Abhorred; hated. Above the reach of loathful sinful lust, Whose base effect, through cowardly distrust Of his weak wings, dare not to heaven flie. Spenser. Lo'athingly, loTH'ing-le. adv. [from loath.] In a fastidious manner. Lo'athly, loth'le.295 adj. [from loath.] Hateful; abhorred; exciting hatred. An huge great dragon, horrible in sight, Bred iu the loathly lakes of Tartary, With murd'rous ravin. Spenser. The people fear me; for they do observe Unfather'd heirs, and loathly births of nature. Shak. Sour-ey'd disdain and discord shall bestow, The union of your bed with weeds so loathly, That you shall hate it. Shaksp. Lo'athly, loth'le. adv. [from loath.] Un- willingly; without liking or inclination. The upper streams make such haste to have their part of embracing, that the nether, though loathly, must needs give place unto them. Sidney. Lotkly opposite I stood To his unnatural purpose. Shaksp. This shews that you fVom nature loathly stray, That suffer not an artificial day. Donne. Lo'athness, \6th'nes. n. s. [from loath.] Unwillingness. The fair soul herself Weigh'd between loalhness and obedience, Which end the beam should bow. Shaksp. Should we be taking leave, As long a term as yet we have to live, The iothr.ess to depart would grow. Shaksp. After they had sat about the fire, there grew a general silence and lothness to speak amongst them; and immediately one of the weakest fell down in a swoon. Bacon. Lo'athsome, l6rH'su.m. adj. [from loath.] I. Abhorred; detestable. The fresh young fly Did much dUdain to subject his desire To loatlisome sloth, or hours in ease to waste : Spenser. While they pervert pure nature's healthful rules To loathsome sickness. Milton. If we consider man in such a loathsome and pro- voking condition, was it not love enough that he was permitted to enjoy a being? South, 2. Causing satiety or fastidiousness. The sweetest honey Is loathsome in its own deliciousness, And in the taste confounds the appetite. Shaksp. Lo'athsomeness, loTH'sum-nes. n. s. [from loathsome.] Quality of raising hatred, disgust, or abhorrence. The catacombs must have been full of stench and loathsomeness, if the dead bodies that lay in them were left to rot in open nitches. Addison. Loaves, lovz.39fi plural of loaf. Democritus, when he lay a dying, caused loaves of new bread to be opened, poured a little wine into them; and so kept himself alive with the odour till a feast was past. Bacon. Lob, lob. n. a. 1. Any one heavy, clumsy, or sluggish. Farewell, thou Zoo of spirits, I'll begone, Our queen and all her elves come here anon. Shak. 2. Lob's pound; a prison. Probably a prison for idlers, or sturdy beggars. Crowdero, whom in irons bound, Thou basely threw'st into lob's pound. Hudibras. 3. A big worm. For the trout the dew worm, which some also call the lob worm, and the brandling, are the chief. Walton. To Lob, lob. v. a. To let fall in a sloven- ly or lazy manner. The horsemen sit like fixed candlesticks, And their poor jades Lob down their heads, dropping the hide and hips. Shaksp. Lo'bby, lob'be. n. s. [laube, German.] An opening before a room. His lobbies fill with 'tendance. Rain sacrificial whisp'rings in his ear, Make sacred even his stirrup. Shaksp. Before the duke's rising from the table, he stood expecting till he should pass through a kind of lobby between that room and the next, where were divers attending him. Wotton. Try your backstairs, and let the lobby wait, A stratagem in war is no deceit. King. Lobe, iobe. n. s. [lobe, Fr. AoCej.] A divi- sion; a distinct part: used commonly for a part of the lungs. Nor could the lobes of his rank liver swell To that prodigious mass, for their eternal meal. Dryden. Air bladders form lobuli, which hang upon the bronchia like bunches of grapes; these lobuli con- stitute the lobes, and the Zooes the lungs. Arbuthnot. From whence the quick reciprocating breath, The Zoie adhesive, and the sweat of death. Seioel. Lo'bster, lob'stvir.98 n. a. [lobpeep, Sax.] A crustaceous fish. Those that cast their shell, are the lobster, the crab, and craw fish. Bacon. It happeneth often that a lobster hath the great claw of one side longer than the other. Brown. LO'CAL, 16'kal. adj. [local, Fr. locus, Latin.] I. Having the properties of place. By ascending, after that the sharpness of death was overcome, he took the very local possession of glory, and that to the use of all that are his, even as himself before had witnessed, I go to prepare a placeforyou. Hooker A higher flight the vent'rous goddess tries, Leaving material world and local skies. Prior. 2. Relating to place. The circumstance ot local nearness in them unto us, might haply enforce in us a duty of greater se- paration from them than from those other. Hooker. Where there is only a local circumstance of wor- ship, the same thing would be worshipped, supposing that circumstance changed. Stilling fleet. , Being in a particular place. Dream not of their fight, As of a duel, or of the local wounds Of head or heel. Milton. How is the change of being sometimes here, sometimes there, made by local motion in vacuum, without a change in the body moved? Digby. Loca'i.ity, 16-kal'e-te. n. s. [from local.] Existence in place; relation of place or distance. That the soul and angels are devoid of quantity and dimension, and that they have nothing to do with grosser locality, is generally opinioned. Glanv. Lo'cally, 16'kal-le. adv. [from local.] With respect to place. Whether things, in their natures so divers as body and spirit, which almost in nothing communi- cate, are not essentially divided, though not locally distant, 1 leave to the readers. Glanville. Loca'tion, 16-ka'shun. n. a.[locatio, Lat.] Situation with respect to place; act of placing; state of being placed. To say that the world is somewhere, means no more than that it does exist, this, though a phrase borrowed from place, signifying only its existence, not location. Locke. Loch, lok. n. a. A lake. Scotish. A lake or loch, that has no fresh water running into it, will turn it into a stinking puddle. Cheyne. Look, 16k. n. s. [loc, Sax. in both senses.] 1. An instrument composed of springs and bolts, used to fasten doors or chests. No gate so strong, no lock so firm and fast, But with that piercing noise flew open quit or brast. Spenser. We have locks, to safeguard necessaries, And pretty traps to catch the petty thieves. Shaksp. As there are locks for several purposes, so are there several inventions in locks, in contriving their wards or guards. Moxon. 2. The part of the gun by which fire is struck. A gun carries powder and bullets for seven charges and discharges: under the breech of the barrel is one box for the powder, a little before the lock, another for the bullets; behind the cock a charger, which carries the powder to the further end of the lock. Grew. S. A hug; a grapple. They must be practised in all the locks and gripes of wrestling, as need may often be in fight to tugg or grapple, and to close. Milton. 4. Any inclosure. Sergesthus, eager with his beak to press Betwixt the rival galley and the rock, Shuts up the unwieldy centaur in the lock. Dryd. 5. A quantity of hair or wool hanging to- gether. Well might he perceive the hanging of her hair in lock, some curled, and some forgotten. Sidney. A goodly cypress, who bowing her fair head over the water, it seemeth she looked into it, and dressed her green locks by that running river. Sidney. His grizly locks, long growen and unbound, Disorder'd hung about his shoulders round. Spenser. The bottom was set against a lock of wool, and the sound was quite deaded. Bacon. They nourish only a Zocfc of hair on the crown of their heads. Sandys. A lock of hair will draw more than a cable rope. Greic Behold the locks that are grown white Beneath a helmet in your father's battles. Addison. Two locks that graceful hung behind In equal curls; and well-conspir'd, to deck 1 With shining ringlets her smooth iv'ry neck. Pope. LOC LOD LOD 6. A tuft. I suppose this letter will find thee picking of daisies, or smelling to a Zocfc of hay. Addison. To Lock, lok. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To shut or fasten with locks. The garden, seated on the level floor, She left behind, and locking ev'ry door, Thought all secure. Dryden. 2. To shut up or confine, as with locks. I am lockt in one of them; If you do love me, you will find me out. Shaksp. We do lock Our former sample in our strong-barr'd gates. Shaksp. Then seek to know those things which make us blest, And having found them, lock them in thy breast. Denham. The frighted dame The log in secret Zocfc'd. Dryden. If the door to a council be kept by armed men, and all such whose opinions are not liked kept out, the freedom of those within is infringed, and all their acts are as void as if they were locked in. Dryden. One conduces to the poet's completing of his work; the other slackens his pace, and locks him up like a knight-errant in an enchanted castle. Dryden. The father of the gods Confin'd their fury to those dark abodes, And lock'd 'em safe within, oppress'd with mountain loads. Dryden. If one third of the money in trade were locked up, must not the landholders receive one third less? Locke. Always lock up a cat in a closet where you keep your china plates, for fear the mice may steal in and break them. Swift. Your wine lock'd up, Plain milk will do the feat. Pope. 3. To close fast. Death blasts his bloom, and locks his frozen eyes. Gay. To Lock, 16k. v. n. I. To become fast by a lock. For not of wood, nor of enduring brass, Doubly disparted it did lock and close, That when it locked, none might through it pass. Spenser. 2. To unite by mutual insertion. Either they Zocfc into each other, or slip one upon another's surface; as much of their surfaces touches as makes them cohere. Boyle. Lo'cker, lok'kur.98 n. s. [from lock.] Any thing that is closed with a lock; a drawer. I made lockers or drawers at the end of the boat. Robinson Crusoe. Lo'cket, lok'kit." n. a. [loquet, French.] A small lock; any catch or spring to fasten a necklace, or other ornament. Where knights are kept in narrow lists, With wooden lockets 'bout their wrists. Hudibras. Lo'ckuam, lok'krum.88 n. s. A sort of coarse linen. Hanmer. The kitchen malkin pins Her richest lockram about her reeky neck, Clamb'ring the walls to eye him. Shaksp. Lo'okron, I6k'krum. n. s. A kind of ranunculus. Locomo'tion, lo-ko-mo'shnn. n. s. [locus and motus, Latin.] Power of changing places. All progression, or animal locomotion, is per- formed by drawing on, or impelling forward, some part which was before at quiet. Brown. Locomo'tive, l6-k6-mo'tiv. adj. [locus and moveo, Latin.] Changing place; having the power of removing or chang- ing place. I shall consider the motion, or locomotive faculty of animals. Derham. In tne night too oft he kicks, Or shows his locomotive tricks. Prior. An animal cannot well be defined from any par- ticular, organical part, nor from its locomotive fa- culty, for some adhere to rocks. Arbuthnot. Lo'cust, lo'kust. n. a. [locuata, Latin.] A devouring insect. The Hebrews had several sorts of locusts, which are not known among us: the old historians and modern travellers remark, that locusts are very nu- merous in Africk, and many places of Asia; that sometimes they fall like a cloud upon the country, and eat up every thing they meet with. Moses describes four sorts of locusts. Since there was a prohibition against using locusts, it is not to be questioned but that these creatures were commonly eaten in Palestine, and the neighbouring countries. Calmet. To-morrow will I bring the locusts into thy coast. Exodus. Air replete with the steams of animals, rotting, has produced pestilential fevers; such have likewise been raised by great quantities of dead locusts. Arbuthnot. Locust-tree, 16'ko.st-tree. n. s. The locust-tree hath a papilionaceous flower, from whose calyx arises the pointal, which afterwards becomes an unicapsular hard pod, including round- ish hard seeds, which are surrounded with a fung- ous stringy substance. Miller. Lo'destar, lode'star. See Loadstar. Lo'destone, lode'stone. See Loadstone. To Lodge, lodje. v. a. [logian, Saxon; loger, French.] I. To place in a temporary habitation. When he was come to the court of France, the king stiled him by the name of the duke of York; lodged him, and accommodated him in great state. Bacon. 2. To afford a temporary dwelling; to supply with a harbour for the night. Ev'ry house was proud to lodge a knight. Dryden. 3. To place; to plant. When on the brink the foaming boar I met, And in his side thought to have lodg'd my spear, The desp'rate savage rush'd within my force, And bore me headlong with him down the rock. Olway. He lodg'd an arrow in a tender breast, That had so often to his own been prest. Addison. In viewing again the ideas that are lodged in the memory, the mind is more than passive. Locke. 4. To fix; to settle. By whose fell working I was first advanc'd, And by whose pow'r I well might lodge a fear To be again displac'd. Shaksp. I can give no reason, More than a lodg'd hate, and a certain loathing I bear Antonio. Shaksp. >. To place in the memory. This cunning the king would not understand, though he lodged it, and noted it, in some particu- ■ars- Bacon. i. To harbour or cover. The deer is lodg'd, I 've track'd her lo her co- vert; Rush in at once. Addison. '. To afford place to. The memory can lodge a greater store of images, than all the senses can present at one time. Cheyne, ;. To lay flat. Though bladed corn be lodg'd, and trees blown down, Though castles topple on their warders' heads. Shaksp We'll make foul weather with despised tears; Our sighs, and they, shall lodge the summer corn, ^ And make a dearth in this revolting land. Shaksp. To Lodge, lodje. v. n. 1. To reside, to keep residence. Care keeps his watch in ev'ry old man's eye, And where care lodgeth, sleep will never lie. Shak Something holy lodges in that breast, And with these raptures moves the vocal air To testify his hidden residence. Milton And dwells such rage in softest bosoms then? And lodge such daring souls in little men? Pope. 2. To take a temporary habitation. Why commands the king, That his chief followers lodge in towns about him, While he himself keepeth in the cold field? Shaky. I know not where he lodges; and for me to Jcvise a lodging, and say, he lies here or he lies there, were to lie in mine own throat. Shaksp. Thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people. Samuel. 3. To take up residence at night. My lords And soldiers, stay and lodge by m« this night. Shaksp. Oh, that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men, that I might leave my people! Jer. Here thou art but a stranger travelling to thy country; it is therefore a huge folly to be afflicted, because thou hast a less convenient inn to lodge in by the way. Taylor, 4. To lie flat. Long cone wheat they reckon in Oxfordshire best for rank clays; and its straw makes it not subject to lodge, or to be mildewed. Mortimer. Lodge, lodje. n. s. [logis, French.] A small house in a park or forest. He brake up his court, and retired himself, bis wife and children, into a certain forest thereby, which he calleth hisdesart, wherein he hath built two fine lodges. Sidney. I found him as melancholy as a lodge in a warren. Shaksp. He and his lady both are at the lodge, Upon the north side of this pleasant chase. Shaksp. Thus at their shady lodge arriv'd, both stood, Both turn'd, and under open sky ador'd The God that made both sky, air, earth. Milton. Whenever I am turned out, my lodge descends upon a low-spirited family. Swift. 2. Any small house appendant to a great- er; as, the porter's lodge. Lo'dgement, lodje'me'nt. n. s. [from lodge; logement, French.] I. Disposition or collocation in a certain place. The curious lodgement and inosculation of the auditory nerves. Derham. 2. Accumulation; collection. An oppressed diaphragm from a mere lodgement of extravasated matter. Sharp. 3. Possession of the enemy's work. The military pedaut is making lodgments, and battles, from one end of the year to the Addison. Lo dger, lodje'ur.98 n. s. [from lodge.] I. One who lives in rooms hired in the house of another. Base tyke, call'st thou me host? now, I scorn the term, nor shall my Nell keep lodgers. Shaksp. There were in a family, the man and his wife, three children, and three servants or lodgers. Graunt Those houses are soonest infected that are crowd- ed with multiplicity of lodgers, and nasty families. Harvey. The gentlewoman begged me to stop; for that u lodger she had taken in was run mad. Taller. Sylla was reproached by his fellow lodger that whilst the fellow lodger paid eight pounds one shil- ling and fivepence halfpenny for the uppermost storv, he paid for the rest twenty-four pounds four shil- lings and fourpeuce halfpenny. Arbuthmt 2. One that resides in any place. Look iu that breast, mostdiiiv dear; fightino other. LOF LOG LOI Say, can you find but one such lodger there? Pope. Lo'dging, lodje'ing.410 n. s. [from lodge.] 1. Temporary habitation; rooms hired in the house of another. I will in Cassio's lodging lose this napkin, And let him find it. Shaksp. Let him change his Zcaging from one end of the town to another, which is a great adamant of ac- quaintance. Bacon. At night he came To his known lodgings, and his country dame. Dryden. He desired his sister to bring her away to the lodgings of his friend. Addison. Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow. Pope. 2. Place of residence. Fair bosom fraught with virtue's richest treasure, The nest of love, the lodging of delight, The bower of bliss, the paradise of pleasure, The sacred harbour of that heavenly spright. Spenser. 3. Harbour; covert. The hounds were uncoupled; and the stag thought it better lo trust to the nimbleness of his feet, than to the slender fortification of his lodging. Sidney. 4. Convenience to sleep on. Their feathers serve to stuff our beds and pillows, yielding us soft and warm lodging. Ray. Loft, loft. n. s. [lloft, Welsh; or from lift.] I. A floor. Eutychus fell down from the third loft. diets. There is a traverse placed in a loft above. Bacon. 2. The highest floor. To lull him in a slumber soft, A trickling stream from high rock tumbling down, And ever drizzling rain upon the loft, Mixtwith a murmuring wind. Spenser. 3. Rooms on high. Passing through the spheres of watchful fire, And hills of snow, and lofts of piled thunder. Milton. A weasel once made shift to slink In at a corn loft through a chink. Pope. Lo'ftily, l&f'te'le. adv. [from lofty.] 1. On high; in an elevated place. 2. Proudly; haughtily. They speak wickedly concerning oppression; they speak loftily. Psalms. 3. With elevation of language or senti- ment; sublimely. My lowly verse may loftily arise, And lift itself unto the highest skies. Spenser. Lo'ftiness, 16f'te-n£s. n. 8. [from lofty.] I. Height; local elevation. 2. Sublimity; elevation of sentiment. Three poets in three distant ages born, The first in loftiness of thought surpass'd, The next in majesty; in both the last. Dryden. S.^Pride; haughtiness. Augustus and Tiberius had loftiness enough in their temper, and affected to make a sovereign figure. Collier. Lo'fty, 16f te. adj. [from loft or lift.] 1. High; hovering; elevated in place. Cities of men with lofty gates and tow'rs. Milton. See lofty Lebanon his head advance, See nodding forests on the mountains dance. Pope 2. Elevated in condition or character. Thus saith the high and lofty One. Isaiah. 3. Sublime; elevated in sentiment. He knew Himself to sing and build the lofty rhime. Milton. 4. Proud; haughty. The eyes of the lofty shall be humbled. Isaiah. Lofty and sour to them that lov'd him not; But to those men that sought him, sweet as summer. Sliakspeare. Man, the tyrant of our sex, I hate, A lowly servant, but a lofty mate. Dryden. Log, log. n. s. [The original of this word is not known. Skinner derives it from hjjan, Sax. to lie; Junius, from logge, Dutch, sluggish; perhaps the Latin, lig- nu?n, is the true original.] 1. A shapeless bulky piece of wood. Would the lightning had Burnt up those logs that thou'rt injoin'd to pile. Shakspeare. The worms with many feet are bred under logs of timber, and many times in gardens, where no logs are. Bacon. Some log, perhaps, upon the waters swam, An useless drift, which rudely cut within, And hollow'd, first a floating trough became, And cross some riv'let passage did begin. Dryden. 2. An Hebrew measure, which held a quarter of a cab, and consequently five- sixths of a pint. According to Dr. Arbuthnot it was a liquid measure, the seventy-second part of the bath or eph- ah, and twelfth part of the hin. Calmet. A meat offering mingled with oil, and one log of oil. Leviticus. Lo'garithms, log'a-rkAmz. n. s. [loga- rithme, French; xiyo^ and agiO/nos.] Logarithms, which are the indexes of the ratios of numbers one to another, were first invented by Napier lord Merchison, a Scottish baron, and after- wards completed by Mr. Briggs, Savilian professor at Oxford. They are a series of artificial numbers contrived for the expedition of calculation, and pro- ceeding in an arithmetical proportion, as the num- bers they answer to do in a geometrical one: for instance, 01234 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 Where the numbers above, beginning with (0), and arithmetically proportional, are called logarithms. The addition and subtraction of logarithms answers to the multiplication and division of the numbers they correspond with; and this saves an infinite deal of trouble. In like manner will the extraction of roots be performed, by dissecting the logarithms of any numbers for the square root, and trisecting them for the cube, and so on. Harris. Lo'ggats, log'gits.91 n. s. Loggats is the ancient name of a play or game, which is one of the unlawful games enumerated in the thirty-third statute of Henry VIII. It is the same which is now called kittle-pins, in which boys often make use of bones instead of wooden pins, throwing at them with another bone instead of bow- ling- Hanmer. Did these bones cost no more the breeding, but to play at loggats with them. Shakspeare. Lo'ggerhead, log'gur-h£d. n. s. [logge, Dut. stupid, and head; or rather from log, a heavy motionless mass, as block- head.] A dolt; a blockhead; a thick- skull. Where hast been, Hair —With three or four loggerheads, amongst three or fourscore hogsheads. Shakspeare. Says this loggerhead, what have we to do to quench other people's fires? L'Estrange. To/all to Loggerheads, log'gm'-hedz. > Togo to Loggerheads, log'gur-hedz. 5 To scuffle; to fight without weapons. A couple of travellers that took up an ass, fell to loggerheads, which should be his master. L'Estrange. Lo'ggerheaded, log'gilr-hed-ed. adj. [from loggerhead.] Dull; stupid; dolt- ish. You loggerheaded and unpolish'd groom, what' nt^tfDdanCei Shakspeare. LO GICK, lod'jik. n. s. [logique, Fr. lo- gica, Lat. from A«y«$.] The art of rea- soning. One of the seven sciences. Logick is the art of using reason well in our in- quiries after truth, and the communication of it to others. Watts. Talk logick with acquaintance, And practise rhetorick in your common talk. Shak, By a logick that left no man any thing which he might call his own, they no more looked upon it as the case of one man, but the case of the kingdom. Clarendon. Here foam'd rebellious logick, gagg'd and bound, There stript fair rhetorick languish'd on the ground. Pope. Lo'gical, lod'jik-al. adj. [from logick.] 1. Pertaining to logick; taught in logick. The heretick complained greatly of St. Augus- tine, as being too full of logical subtilties. Hooker. Those who in a logical dispute keep in genera] terms, would hide a fallacy. Dryden. We ought not to value ourselves upon our ability, in giving subtile rules, and finding out logical argu- ments, since it would be more perfection not to want them. Baker. 2. Skilled in logick; furnished with logick. A man who sets up for a judge in criticism, should have a clear and logical head. Spectator. Lo'gioally, lod'je-kal-e. adv. [from logi- cal.] According to the laws of logick. How can her old good man With honour take her back again? From hence I logically gather, The woman cannot live with either. Prior. Logi'cian, 16-jlsh'u.n. n. s. [logicien, Fr. logicus, Lat.] A teacher or professor of logick; a man versed in logick. If a man can play the'true logician, and have as well judgment as invention, he may do great mat- ters. Bacon. If we may believe our logicians, man is distin- guished from all other creatures by the faculty of laughter. Addison. Each staunch polemick stubborn as a rock, Each fierce logician still expelling Locke, Came whip and spur. Pope, A logician might put a case that would serve for an exception. Swift. The Arabian physicians were subtile men, and most of them logicians; accordingly they have given method, and shed subtilty upon their author. Baker. Lo'gman, log'man.88 n. s. [log and man.] One whose business is to carry logs. For your sake Am I this patient logman. Shakspeare. Lo'gomachy, 16-gom'a-ke.618 n. s. [xoyo- t*MxU.] A contention in words; a con- tention about words. Forced terms of art did much puzzle sacred theology with distinctions, cavils, quiddities; and so transformed her to a mere kind of sophistry and logomachy. HomL Lo'gwood, log'wud. n. s. Logwood is of a very dense and firm texture; and is the heart only of the tree which produces it. It is very heavy, and remarkably hard, and of a deep, strong, red colour. It grows both in the East and West Indies, but no where so plentifully as on the coast of the bay of Campeachy. Hill. To make a light purple, mingle ceruse with log-, wood water. Pcacham. Lo'hock, 16'hok. n. a. Lohock is an Arabian name for those forms of medicines which are now commonly called ecleg- mas, lambatives, or linctuses. Quinci/. Lohocks and pectorals were prescribed, and ve- nesection repeated. Wiseman. Loin, loin.299 n. a. [llwyn, Welsh.] I. The back of an animal carved out by the butcher. 2. Loins; the reins. My face I'll grime with filth, Blanket my loins. - Shakspeare. LOL LON LON Thou slander of thy heavy mother's womb! Thou loathed issue of thy father's loins! Shakspeare. Virgin mother, hail! High in the love of Heav'n! yet from my loins Thou shalt proceed, and from thy womb the Son Of God most high. Milton. A multitude! like which the populous north Pour'd never from her frozen loins, to pass Rhene, or the Danaw, when her barbarous sons Came like a deluge on the south. Milton. To LO ITER, loe'tur.29^ v. n. [loteren, Dutch.] To linger; to spend time care- lessly; to idle. Sir John, you loiter here too long, being you are to take soldiers up in the countries. Shakspeare. Whence this long delay? You loiter, while the spoils are thrown away. Dryden. Mark how he spends his time, whether he unac- tively loiters it away. Locke. If we have gone wrong, let us redeem the mis- take; if we have loitered, let us quicken our pace, and make the most of the present opportunity. Rogers. Lo'iterer, lde'tur-ur.98 n s. [from loiter.] A lingerer; an idler; a lazy wretch; one who lives without business; one who is sluggish and dilatory. Give gloves to thy reapers a largess to cry. And daily to loiterers have a good eye. Tusser. The poor, by idleness or unthriftiness, are riotous spenders, vagabonds, and loiterers. Hayward. Where hast thou been, thou loiterer? Though my eyes clos'd, my arms have still been open'd, To search if thou wert come. Otway. Providence would only enter mankind into the useful knowledge of her treasures, leaving the rest to employ our industry, that we live not like idle loiterers and truants. More. Ever listless loit'rers, that attend No cause, no trust, no duty, and no friend. Pope. To LOLL, lol.4u6 v. n. [Of this word the etymology is not known. Perhaps it might be contemptuously derived from lollurd, a name of great reproach before the reformation; of whom one tenet was, that all trades not necessary to life are unlawful.] I. To lean idly; to rest lazily against any thing. So hangs, and lolls, and weeps upon me; so shakes and pulls me. Shakspeare. He is not lolling on a lewd love bed, But on bis knees at meditation. Shakspeare. Close by a softly munn'ring stream, Where lovers us'd to loll and dream. Hudibras. To loll on couches, rich with citron steds, And lay your guilty limbs in Tyrian beds. Dryden. Void of care he lolls supine in state, And leaves his business to be done by fate. Dryden. But wanton now, and lolling at our ease, We suffer all the invet'rate ills of peace. Dryden. A lazy, lolling sort Of ever listless loit'rers. Dunciad. 2. To hang out: used of the tongue hang- ing out in weariness or play. The triple porter of the Stygian seat, With lolling tongue lay fawning at thy feet. Dnyd. With harmless play amidst the bowls he pass'd, And with his lolling tongue assay'd the taste. Dryd. To Loll, 161. v. a. To put out: used of the tongue exerted. All authors to their own defects are blind; Hadst thou but, Janus-like, a face behind, To see the people, when splay mouths they make, To mark their fingers pointed at thy back, Their tongues loll'd out a foot. Dryden. By Strynion's freezing streams he sat alone, Trees bent their heads to hear him sing his wrongs, VOL. II. Fierce lygers couch'd around, and loll'd their fawn- ing tongues. Dryden. Lomp, limp.168 n. s. A kind of roundish fish. Lone, lone. adj. [contracted from alone.] I. Solitary; unfrequented; having no com- pany. Here the lone hour a blank of life displays. Savage. Thus vanish sceptres, coronets, and balls, And leave you in Zone woods, or empty walls. Pope. 2. Single; not conjoined or neighbouring to others. No lone house in Wales, with a mountain and a rookery, is more contemplative than this court. Pope. Lo'neliness, lone'le-nes. n. s. [from lone- ly.] 1. Solitude; want of company. The huge and sportful assembly grew to him a tedious loneliness, esteeming nobody since Dai- phantus was lost. Sidney. 2. Disposition to solitude. I see The mystery of your loneliness, and find Your salt tears head. Shakspeare. Lo'nely, Idne'le. adj. [from lone.] I. Solitary. I go alone, Like to a lonely dragon; that his fen Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen. Shaksp. Why thus close up the stars That nature hung in heav'n, and fill'd their lamps With everlasting oil, to give due light To the misled and lonely traveller? Milton. Time has made you dote, and vainly tell Of arms imagin'd in your lonely cell. Dryden. 2. Addicted to solitude. When, fairest princess, You lonely thus from the full court retire, Love and the graces follow to your solitude. Rowe. Lo'neness, lone'ne's. n. s. [from lone.] Solitude; dislike of company. If of court life you knew the good, You would leave loneness. Donne. I can love her who loves loneness best. Donne. Lo'nesome, lone'sum. adj. [from lone.] Solitary; dismal. Yon either must the earth from rest disturb, Or roll around the heavens the solar orb; Else what a dreadful face will nature wear! How horrid will these lonesome seats appear! Blackmore. Long, long. adj. [long, Fr. longus, Lat.] I. Not short: used ol time. He talk'd a long while, even till the break of day. Acts. He was desirous to see him of a long season. Luke- 2. Not short: used of space. Empress, the way is ready, and not long. Milton. 3. Having one of its geometrical dimen- sions in a greater degree than either of the other. His branches became long because of the waters. Ezekiel. We made the trial in a Zong neck'd phial left open at the top. Boyle. 4. Of any certain measure in length. Women eat their children of a span long. Lam. These, as a line, their long dimensions drew, Streaking the ground nith sinuous trace. Milton. The fig-tree spreads her arms, Branching so broad and long. Milton. A pond'rous mace, Full twenty cubits Zorig, he swings around. Pope. 5. Not sr on ceasing, or at an end. Man goeth to his Zong home. Ecclesiastes. Honour thy father and thy mother, that thy day» may be long upon the land. Exodus. They open to themselves at length a way Up hither, under Zong- obedience try'd. Milton Him after long debate of thoughts revolv'd Irresolute, his final sentence chose. Milton Long and ceaseless hiss. Milton. 6. Dilatory. Death will not be long in coming, and the cove- nant of the grave is not shewed unto thee. Ecclus. 7. Tedious in narration. Chief mast'ry to dissect, With long and tedious havock, fabled knights. Milton Reduce, my muse, the wand'ring song, A tale should never be too long. Prior. 8. Continued by succession to a great se- ries. But first a long succession must ensue. Milton. 9. [from the verb. 'To long.] Longing; desirous: or perhaps long continued, from the disposition to continue looking at any thing desired. Praying for him, and casting a long look that way, he saw the galley leave the pursuit. Sidney. By ev'ry circumstance I know he loves; Yet he but doubts, and parlies, and casts out Many a long look for succour. Dryden. 10. [In musick and pronunciation.] Pro- tracted: as, a long note; a long syllable. Long, long. adv. I. To a great length in space. The marble brought, erects the spacious dome, Or forms the pillars Zong--extended rows, On which the planted grove and pensile garden grows. Prior. 2. Not for a short time. With mighty banes of Zong-enduring brass. .. Fairfax. When the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount. Exodus. The martial Ancus Furbish'd the rusty sword again, Resum'd the Zong--forgotten shield. Dryden. One of these advantages, which Corneille has laid down, is the making choice of some signal and Zong-expected day, whereon the action of the play is to depend. Dryden. So stood the pious prince unmov'd, and long Sustain'd the madness of the noisy throng. Dryden. The muse resumes her Zong-forgotten lays, And love, restor'd, his ancient realm surveys. Dryden. No man has complained that you have discours- ed too long on any subject, for you leave us in an eagerness of learning more. Dryden. Persia left for you The realm of Candahar for dow'r I brought, That Zong-contended prize for which you fought. Dryden. It may help to put an end to that Zong-agitated and unreasonable question, whether man's will be free or no? Locke. Heav'n restores To thy fond wish the Zong-expected shores. Pope. 3. In the comparative, it signifies for more time; and in the superlative, for most time. When she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bullrushes. Exodus. Eldest parents signifies either the eldest men and women that have had children, or those who have longest had issue. Locke. 4. Not soon. Not Zong- after there arose against it a tempes- tuous wind. Acts. 5. At a point of duration far distant. If the world had been eternal, those would have been found in it, aud generally spread Zong ago, and beyond the memory of all ages. Tillotson. LON LON LOO Say, that you once were virtuous long ago? A frugal, hardy people. Philips. 6. [for along; au long, Fr.] All along; throughout: of time. Them among There sat a man of ripe and perfect age, Who did them meditate all his life long. F. Queen. Some say, that ever 'gainst that season comes, Wherein our Saviour's birth is celebrated, The bird of dawning singeth all night long, And then they say no spirit walks abroad, The nights are wholesome, then no planets strike, No fairy takes, no witch hath power to charm, So hallow'a and so gracious is the time Shakspeare- He fed me all my life long to this day. Genesis- Forty years long was I grieved with this genera- tion. Psalms. Long, 16ng. adv. [jelang, a fault, Sax.] By the fault; by the failure. A word now out of use, but truly English. Respective and wary men had rather seek quiet- ly their own, and wish that the world may go well, so it be noi long of them, than with pains and haz- ard make themselves advisers for the common good. Hooker. Maine, Blois, Poictiers, and Tours are won away, Long all of Somerset, and his delay. Shakspeare Mistress, all this coil is Umg of you. Shakspeare. If we owe it to him that we know so much, it is perhaps long of hit fond adorers that we know so little more. Glanville- To Long, long. v. n. [gelangen, German, to ask. Skinner.] To desire earnestly; to wish with eagerness continued: with for or after before the thing desired. Fresh expectation troubled not the land With any long'dfor change, or better state. Shaksp. And thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them. Deuteronomy If erst he wished, now he longed sore, Fairfax The great master perceived, that Rhodes vas the place the Turkish tyrant longed afur. Knolles. If the report be good, it causeth love, And longing hope, and well assured joy. Davies. His sons, who seek the tyraut to sustain, And long for arbitrary lords again, He dooms to death rteserv'd. Dryden. Glad of the gift, the new-made warrior goes, And arms among the Greeks, and longs for equal foes. ^ Dryden. Else whence this pleasing hope, this fond desire, This longing after immortality? Addison. There's the tie that binds you; You long to call him father: Marcia's charms Work in your heart unseen, aud plead for Cato. Addison. Nicomedes longing for herrings, was supplied with fresh ones by his cook, at a great distance from the sea. Arbuthnot. Through stormy seas I courted dangers, and I long'dfor death. A. Philips. Longam'mity, l&ng-ga-nlm'e-te. n. s. [longanimitas, Lat. longanimite, Fr.] Forbearance; patience of offences. It had overcome the patience of Job, as it did the meekness of Moses, and surely bad mastered any but the longanimity and lasting sufferance of God, Brown. That innocent and holy matron had rather go clad in the snowy white robes of meekness and Zong- animily, than iu the purple mantle of blood. Howel. Lo'ngboat, long'bote. n. s. The largest boat belonging to a ship. At the first descent on shore, he did countenance the landing in his longboat. Wotton. They first betray theii- masters, and then, when they find the vessel sinking, save themselves in the longboat. L'Estrange. Longevity, l&n-jev'e-te.*08 n. s. [tonga- vus, Latin.J Length of life. That those are countries suitable to the nature of man, and convenient to live in, appears from the longevity of the natives. Ray on the Creation. The instances of longevity are chiefly amongst the abstemious. Arbuthnot on Aliments. Longi'manous, lon-jim'ma-nds.818 adj. [longuemain, Fr. longimanua, Lat.] Longhanded; having long hands. The villainy of this Christian exceeded the per- secution of heathens, whose malice was never so longimanous as to reach the soul of their enemies, or to extend unto the exile of their elysiums. Brown. Longi'metry, l&n-jlm'm6-tre.408 618 n a. [longua, and purplei; longimetrie, Fr.] The art or practice of measuring dis- tances. Our two eyes are like two different stations in lon- gimetry, by the assistance of which the distance be- tween two objects is measured. Cheyne. Lo'nging, ldng'ing.410 n. a. [from long.] Earnest desire; continual wish. When within short time I came to the degree of uncertain wishes, and that those wishes grew to un- quiet longings, when I would fix my thoughts upon nothing, but that within little varying they should end with Philoclea. Sidney. 1 have a woman's longing, An appetite that I am sick withal, To see great Hector in the weeds of peace. Shaksp. The will is left to the pursuit of nearer satisfac- tions, and to the removal of those uneasinesses which it then feels in its wants of, and longings after them. Locke. Longingly, long'iiig-16. adv. [from long- ing.] With incessant wishes. To his first bias longingly be leans, And rather would be „reat by wicked means. Dryd. Lo'ngish, iong'isi:. adj. [from long.] Somewhat long. LO'NGITUDE, l6n'je-tiide. n, s. [longi- tude, Fr. tougitudo, Lit.] 1. Length; ihe greatest dimension. The ancients did determine the longitude of all rooms, which were longer than broad, by the double of their latitude. Wutton. The variety of the alphabet was in mere longitude ouly; but the thousand parts of our bodies may be diversified by situation in all the dimensions of solid bodies; which multiplies all over and over again, and overwhelms the fancy in a new abyss of unfathomable number. Bentley. This universal gravitation is an incessant and uni- form action by certain and established laws, accord- ing to quantity of matter and longitude of distance, that it cannot be destroyed or impaired. Bentley. I. The circumference of the earth mea- sured from any meridian. Some of Magellanus's company were the first that did compass the world through all the degrees of lon- gitude, rfbbot. 3. The distance of any part of the earth to the east or west of any place. To conclude; Of longitudes, what other way have we, But to mark when and where the dark eclipses be? Donne. His was the method of discovering the longitude by bomb vessels. Arbuthnot. 4. The position of any thing to east or west. The Zongirude of a star is its distance from the first point of numeration towards the east, which first point, unto the ancients, was the vernal equi- t nox- Brown. Longitu'dinal, lon-je-tu'de-nal. adj. [from longitude; longitudinal, French.] Measured by the length; running in the longest direction. Longitudinal is opposed to transTerse: these vesi- culae are distended, and their longitudinal tiiametert straitened, and so the length of the whole moscle shortened. Chtyne. Lo'ngly, long'le. adv. [from long.] Long- ingly; with great liking. Master, you look'd so longly on the maid, Perhaps, you mark'd not, what's the pith of all. Shakspeare, Lo'ngsome, long'sam. adj. [from long.] Tedious; wearisome by its length. They found the war so churlish and longsome, as, they grew then to a resolution, that, as long as England stood in a state to succour those countries, they should but consume themselves in an endless war. Bacon. When chill'd by adverse snows, and beating rain, We tread with wearied steps the longsome plain. Prior. Lo'ngsuffering, I6ng-suf'fdr-ing. adj - [long and suffering.] Patient; not easily provoked. The Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suf- fering, and abundant in goodness. Exodus. Lo'ngsuffering, long-huf'fur-ing. n. a. Patience of efrlnce; clemency. We infer from the mercy and long-suffering of God, that they were themselves sufficiently secure of his favour. Rogers. Lo'ngtail, l6ng'tale. n. s. [long and tuil.] Cut and longtaii: a canting term tor one or another. A phrase, I believe, taken from dogs, which belonging to men not qualified to hunt, iiad their tails cut. He -will maintain you like a gentlewoman. —Aye, that I will come cut and longtaii under the degree of a squire. Shaksp. Lo'ngways, long'vvaze. adv. [This and many other words so terminated are corrupted from wiae.] In the longitu- dinal direction. This island stands as a vast mole, which lies longways, almost in a parallel line to Naples. Addison on Italy. Lo'ngwinded, long-wind'ed. adj. \_i~>ng and wind.^ Loinii-breattied; tedious. My simile you minded, Which, I confess, is too long-winded. Swift. Lo'ngwise, long'wize.1-2 udv [long and wise.] In the ioiigitu.lincii tlir< . tion. They make a little cross of a quill, longwise of that part of the quill which hath the pith, and cross- wise of that piece of the quill without pith. Bacon. He was laid upon two beds, the one joined long- wise unto the other, both which he filled with his length. Hakewill. Loo. 166. n. a. \ game at cards. A secret indignation, that all those affections of the mind should be thus vilely thrown away upon a hand at loo. Addison. In the fights of loo. Pope. Lo'obily, 166'be-le. adj. [looby and like.] Awkward; clumsy. The plot of the farce was a grammar school, the master setting his boys their lessons, and a loobily country fellow putting in for a part among the scho- lars. L'Estrange. Lo'oby, 166'be. n. a. [Of this word the derivation is unsettled. Skinner men- tions lapp, German, fooliah; and Junius, llabe, a clown, Welsh, which seems t« be the true original, unless it come from lob.] A lubber; a clumsy clown- The vices trace From the father's scoundrel race. Who could give tbeZoofrjj bucIi airs? Were they masons, were they butchers? Swift. JLoof, 16df.80» n. 8. That part aloft ©f the LOO LOO LOO ship which lies just before the chess- trees, as far as the bulkhead of the cas- tle. Sea Diet. To Loof, luf. v. a. To bring the ship close to a wind. Lo'ofeu, l66ft.,SB adj. [from aloof] Gone to a distance. She once being looft, Antony Claps on his sea-wing, like a doating mallard, Leaving the fight. Sliaksp. To Look, 166k.808 v. n. [locan, Sax.] 1. To direct the eye to or from any ob- ject: when the present object is men- tioned, the preposition after look is either on or at; if it is absent, we use for; if distant, after: to was sometimes use d anciently for at. Your queen died, she was more worth such gazes Than what you look on now. Shaksp. The gods look down, and the unnat'ral scene They laugh at. Shaksp. Abimelcch looked out at a window and saw Isaac. Gentsis. Mine iniquities have taken hold upon me, so that I am not able to look up. Psalms. He was ruddj, and of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. 1 Samuel. The fathers shall not look back to their children. Jeremiah He had looked round about on them with anger. Mark. The state would cast the eye, and look alwut to see whether there were any head under whom it might unite Bacon. Fine devices of arching water without spilling, be pretty things to look on, but nothing to health. Bacon. Froth appears white, whether the sun be in the meridian, or any where between it and the horizon, and from what place soever the beholders look upon it. Boyle They'll rather wait the running of the river dry, than take pains to look about for a bridge. L'Estrange. Thus pond'ring, be looked under with his eyes, And saw the woman's tears. Dryden. Bertran; if thou dar'st look out Upon yon slaughter'd host. Dryden. I cannot, without some indignation, look on an ill copy of an excellent original; much less can I be- hold with patience Virgil and Homer abused to their faces, by a botching interpreter. Dryden. Intellectual beings, in their constant endeavours after true felicity, can suspend this prosecution in particular cases, till they have looked before them, and informed themselves, whether that particular thing lie in their way to their main end. Locke. There may be in his reach a book, containing pictures and discourses capable to delight and in- struct him, which yet he may never take the pains to look into. Locke. Towards those who communicate their thoughts in print, I cannot but look with a friendly regard, provided there is no tendency in their writings to vice. Addison. A solid and substantial greatness of soul looks down with a generous neglect on the censures and applauses of the multitude. Addison. I have nothing left but to gather up the reliques •f a wreck, and look about me to sec how few friends 1 have left. Pope to Swift. The optick nerves of such animals as took the same way with both eyes, as of men, meet before they come into the brain: but the optick nerves of such animals as do not look the same way with both eyes, as of fishes, do not meet. Newton. 2. To have power of seeing. Fate sees thy life lodgil in a brittle glass, And looks it through, but to it cannot pass. Dryden. 3. To direct the intellectual eye. In regard of our deliverance past, and our danger present and to come, let us look up to God, and every man reform his own ways. Bacon. We are not only to look at the bare action, but at the reason of it. Stillingfleet. The man only saved the pigeon from the hawk, that he might eat it himself; and if we look well about us, we shall find this to be the case of most mediations. L'Estrange. They will not look beyond the received notions of the place and age, nor have so presumptuous a thought as to be wiser than their neighbours. Locke. Every one, if he would look into himself, would find some defect of his particular genius. Ij>cke. Change a man's view of things; let him Zoofc into the future state of bliss and misery, and see God, the righteous Judge, ready to render every man according to his deeds. Locke. i. To expect. If he long deferred the march, he must look to fight another battle before he could reach Oxford. Clarendon. 5. To take care; to watch. Look that ye bind them fast. Shakspeare. He that gathered a hundred bushels of apples, had thereby a property in them: he was only to look that he used them before they spoiled, else he rob- bed others. Locke- 6. To be directed with regard to any ob- ject. Let thine eyes look right on, and let thine eyelids look straight before thee. Proverbs. 7. To have any particular appearance; to seem. I took the way Which through a path, but scarcely printed, lay, And look'd as lightly press'd by fairy feet. Dryden. That spotless modesty of private and publick life, that generous spirit which all other Christians ought to labour after, should look in us as if they were natural. Sprat. Piety, as it is thought a way to the favour of God; and fortune, as it looks like the effect either of that, or at least of prudence and courage, beget authority. Temple. Cowards are offensive to my sight; Nor shall they see me do an act that looks Below the courage of a Spartan king. Dryden. To complain of want, and yet refuse all offers of a supply, looks very sullen. Burnet. Should I publish any favours done me by your lordship, I am afraid it would look more like vanity than gratitude. Addison. Something very noble may be discerned, but it looketh cumbersome. Fellon. Late, a sad spectacle of woe, he trod The desart sands, and now he looks a god. Pope. From the vices and follies of others, observe how such a practice looks in another person, and remem- ber that it looks as ill, or worse, in yourself. Watts. This makes it look the more like truth, nature being frugal in her principles, but various in the effects thence arising. Cheyne, 8. To have any air, mien, or manner. Nay, look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor fret, I will be master of what is mine own. Shaksp. What haste looks through his eyes? So should he look that seems to speak things strange. Shaksp. Give me your hand, and trust me you look well, and bear your years very well Shaksp. Can these, or such, be any aids to us? Look they as they were built to shake the world, Or be a moment to our enterprize. B. Jonson. Though I cannot tell what a man says; if he will be sincere, I may easily know what he looks. Collier. It will be his lot to look singular, in loose and licentious times, and to become a by-word. Alterb. 9. To form the air in any particular man- ner, in regarding or beholding. I welcome the condition of the time, Which cannot look more hideously on me, Than 1 have drawn it in my fantasy. Shaksp That which was the worst now least afflicts me: i2 Blindness, for had I sight, confus'd with shame. How could I once look up, or heave the head? Milton These look up to yon with reverence, and would be animated by the sight of him at whose soul they have taken fire in his writings. Swift to Pope. 10. To Look about one. To be alarmed; to be vigilant. It will import those men who dwell careless to look about them; to enter into serious consultation, how they may avert that ruin. Decay cf Piety. If you find a wasting of your flesh, then look about you, especially if troubled with a cough. Harvey. John's cause was a good milch cow, and many a man subsisted his family out of it: however, John began to think it high time to look about him. Arbuthnot. 11. To Look after. To attend; to take care of; to observe with care, anxiety, or tenderness. Men's hearts failing them for fear, and fir lock- ing after those things which are coming on the earth. Luke. Politeness of manners, and knowledge of the world, should principally be looked after in a tutor. Locke. A mother was wont to indulge her daughters, when any of them desired dogs, squirrels, or birds; but then they must be sure to look diligently after them, that they were not ili used. Locke. My subject does not oblige me to look after the water, or point forth the place whereunto it is now retreated. Woodward. 12. To Look for. To expect. Phalanthus's disgrace was engrieved, in lieu of comfort, of Artesia, who telling him she never looked for other, bade him seek some other mistress. Sidney. Being a labour of so great difficulty, the exact performance thereof we may rather wish than look for. Hooker. Thou Shalt feel our justice, in whose easiest passage Look for no less than death. Shaksp. If we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sa- crifice for sins, but a certain fearful looking for of judgment. Hebrews. In dealing with cunning persons, it is good to say little to them, and that which they least look for. Bacon. This mistake was not such as they looked for; and, though the error in form seemed to be consent- ed to, yet the substance of the accusation might be still insisted on. Clarendon. Inordinate anxiety, and unnecessary scruples in confession, instead of setting you free, which is the benefit to be looked for by confession, perplex you the more. Taylor. Look now for no enchanting voice, nor fear The bait of honied words. Milton, Drown'd in deep despair, He dares not offer one repenting prayer: Amaz'd he lies, and sadly looks for death. Dryd. I must with patience all the terms attend, Till mine is call'd; and that long look'd for day Is still encumber'd with some new delay. Dryden. This limitation of Adam's empire to bis line, will save those the labour who would lookfrn- one heir among the rate of brutes, but will very little con- tribute to the discovery of one amongst men. Locke. 13. To Look into. To examine; to sift; to inspect closely; to observe narrowly. His nephew's levies to him appear'd To,he a preparation 'gainst the Polack; But better look'd into, he truly found It was against your highm-v.. Shaksp. The more frequently and narrowly we look into the works of natire, the more occasion we shall have to admire their ' .auty. Atterbury. It is very well worth a traveller's while to look into all that lies in his way. Addison LOO LOO LOO 1 i. To Look on. To respect; to esteem; to regard as good or bad. Ambitious men, if they be checked in their de- sires, become secretly discontent, and look upon men and matters with an evil eye. Bacon. If a harmless maid Should ere a wife become a nurse, Her friends would look on her the worse. Prior. 15. To Look on. To consider; to con- ceive of; to think. I looked on V irgil as a succinct, majestick writer; 01 ". who weighed not only every thought, but every word a:id syllable. Dryden. tie i?.teu upon it as morally impossible, for per- sons inh.iiteiy proud lo frame their minds to an ini- piiiiai o.liberation of a religion that taught noth- ing 'i>l self-cknial and the cross. South. Do we not ail proie*., to be of tnis excellent re- ligion? but who will believe that wc do so, that shall look upon the aai ms. and consiuer the lives of the greatest part of Christians? Tillotson. In die want and ignorance of almost all things, they loiked upon themselves as the happiest and wisest people of tie universe. Locke. Those pray ers you make for your recovery are to be looked upon as best heard by God, if they move him to a longer continuance of your sickness Wake. 16. To Look on. To be a mere idle spec- tator. I'll be a candle-holder, and look on. Shaksp. Some come to meet their friends, and to make merry; others come only to look on. Bacon. 17. To Look over. To examine; to try one by one. Look oe'r the present and the former time, If no example of so vile a crime Appears, then mourn. Dryden. A young child, distracted with the variety of his play-games, tired his maid every day to look them over. Locke. 18. Tj Look out. To search; to seek. When the thriving tradesman has got more than he can well employ in trade, his next thoughts are to look out for a purchase. Locke Where the body is affected with pain or sickness, we are forward enough to look out for remedies, to listen to every one that suggests them, and imme- diately to apply them. Atterbury. Where a foreign tongue is elegant, expressive, and compact, we must look out for words as beau- tiful anu comprehensive as can be found. Felton. The curious are looking out, some for flattery, some for ironies, in that poem; the sour folks think they l.atc found out some. Swift. 19. To Look out. To be on the watch. Is a man bound tc look out sharp to plague him- self? Collier. 20. T<; Look to. To watch; to take caie of. There is not a more fearful wild fowl than your lion living; and we ought to ZooA: to it. Shaksp. Who knocks so loud at door? Look to the door there, Francis. Shaksp. Let this fellow be looked to: let some of my peo- ple have a special care of him. Shaksp, Uncleanly scruples fear not you; look to't. Shaksp. Know the state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds. Proverbs. When it came once among our people, that the state offered conditions to strangers that would stay, wc had work enough to get any of our nien to look to our ship. Bacon. If any took sanctuary for case of treason, the king might appoint him keepers to look to him in sanctuary. Bacon. The dog's running away with the flesh, bids the cook Zoofc better to it another time. L'Estrange. For the truth of the theory I am in no wise con- cerned; the composer of it must look to that. Woodward. 21. To Look to. To behold. To Look, 166k. v. a. I. To seek; to search for. Looking my love, I go from place to place, Like a young fawn that late bath lost the hind, And seek each where. Spenser. 2. To turn the eye upon. Let us look one another in the face. 2 Kings. 3. To influence by looks. Such a spirit must be left behind! A spirit fit to start into an empire, And look the world to law. Dryden, 4. To Look out. To discover by search- ing- Casting my eye upon so many of the general bills as next came to hand, I found encouragement from them to Zoofc out all the bills I could. Graunt. Whoever has such treatment, when be is a man, will look out other company, with whom he can be at ease. Locke. Look, look, interj. [properly the impera- tive mood of the verb: it is sometimes look ye.] See! lo! behold! observe! Look! where he comes, and my good man too; he's as far from jealousy as 1 am from giving him cause. Shaksp. Look you, he must seem thus to the world: fear not your advancement. Shaksp Ijook, when the world hath fewest barbarous peo- ple, but such as will not many, except they know means to live, as it is almost every where at this day, except Tartary, there is no danger of inunda- tions of people. Bacon. L>ok you! we that pretend to be subject to a constitution, must not carve out our own quality; for at this rate a cobler may make himself a lord. Collier on Pride. Look, 166k. n. s. 1. Air of the face; mien; cast of the coun- tenance. Thou cream-fae'd loon, Where got'st tbou that goose look? Shaksp. Thou wilt save the afflicted people, but will bring down high looks. Psalms. Them gracious Heav'n for nobler ends design'd, Their looks erected, and their clay refin'd. /. Dryden, jun. And though death be the king of terrors, yet pain, disgrace, and poverty, have frightful looks, able to discompose most men. Locke. 2. The act of looking or seeing. Then on the crowd he cast a furious look, And wither'd all their strength. Dryden. When they met they made a surly stand, And glar'd like angry lions as they pass'd, And wish'd that ev'ry look might be their last. Dryden, Lo'oker, 166k'6r.98 n. s. [from look.] I. One that looks. 2. Looker on. Spectator, not agent. Shepherd's poor pipe, when his harsh sound tes- tifies anguish, into the fair looker on, pastime not passion enters. kidney. Such labour is then more necessary than pleasant, both to them which undertake it, and for the lookers on. Hooker. My business in this state Made me a looker on here in Vienna; Where I have seen corruption boil and bubble Till it o'er-run the stew. Shaksp. Did not this fatal war affront thy coast, Yet sattest thou an idle Zoofcer on? Fairfax. The Spaniard's valour lieth in the eyes of the looker on; but the English valour lieth about the soldier's heart: a valour of glory and a valour of natural courage are two things. Bacon. The people love him; The lookers on, and the enquiring vulgar Will talk themselves to action. Denham. He wish'd he had indeed been gone, And only to have stood a looker on. Addison. [Looking-glass, ^ok'in-glas. n. 8. [look and glass. Mirror; a glass which shows forms reflected. Command a mirror hither straight, That it may shew me what a face I have. —Go some of you and fetch a looking-glass. Shaks. There is none so homely but loves a looking-glass. South. We should make no other use of our neighbours' faults, than of a looking-glass to mend our own man- ners by. L'Estrange. The surface of the lake of Nemi is never ruffled with the least breath of wind, which perhaps, toge- ther with the clearness of its waters, gave it formerly the name of Diana's looking-glass. Addison. Loom, 166m.306 n. a. [from glomus, a bot- tom of thread. Minahew. Lome is a general name for a tool or instrument, Junius.] The frame in which weavers work their cloth. He must leave no uneven thread in his loom, or by indulging to any one sort of teproveable discourse himself, defeat all his endeavours against the rest. Government of the Tongue. Minerva, studious to compose Her twisted threads, the web she strung, And o'er a loom of marble hung. Addison A thousand maidens ply the purple loom, To weave the bed, and deck the regal room. Prior. To Loom, 166m. v. n. [leoman, Sax.] To appear at sea. Skinner. Loom, 166m. n. a. A bird. A loom is as big as a goose; of a dark colour, dap- pled with white spots on the neck, back, and wings; each feather marked near the point with two spots: they breed in Fan- Island. Grew. Loo\, 1661:.306 n. .v [This word, which is now only used in Scotland, is the En- glish word town.] A sorry fellow; a scoundrel; a rascal. Thou cream-fae'd Zoon, Where got'st thou that goose look? Shakspeare. The false loon, who could not work his will By open force, employ'd his flatt'ring skill: I hope, my lord, said he, 1 not offend; Are you afraid oi me that are your friend? Dryden. This young lord had an old cunning rogue, or, as the Scots call it, a false loon of a grandfather, that one might call a Jack of all trades. Arbuthnot. LOOP, 166p.808 n. a. [from loopen, Dutch, to run.] A double through which a string or lace is drawn; an ornamental double or fringe. Nor any skill'd in Jcops of ling'ring fine, Might in their diverse cunning ever dare With this, 60 curious network to compare. Spenser. Make me to see't, or at least so prove it, That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop, To hang a doubt on. Shakspeare. Binti our crooked legs in hoops, Made of shells, with silver loops Ben Jonson. An old fellow shall wear this or that sort of cut in his cloaths with great integrity, while all the rest of the world are degenerated into buttons, pockets, and Zoops. Addison. Lo'oped, I66pt.36» adj. [from loop.] Full of holes. Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are, That 'bide the pelting of this pitiless storm! How shall your houseless heads and unfed sides, Your loop'd and window'd raggedness defend you From seasons such as these? Shakspeare. Lo'ophole, 166p'hole n.a. [loop and hole.] I. Aperture; hole to give a passage. The Indian herdsman shunning beat, Shelters in cool, and tends his pasturing herds At loopholes cut through thickest shade. Milton. Ere the blabbing eastern scout, The nice morn on the Indian steep, From her cabin'd loophole peep. Milton Walk not near yon corner bouse by night; for LOO LOO LOO there are blunderbusses planted in every loophole, that go off at the squeaking of a fiddle. Dryden. 2. A shift; an evasion. Needless, or needful, I not now contend, For still you have a loophole for a friend. Dryden. Lo'opholed, 166p'h6rd.3" adj. [from loophole.] Fud of holes; full of open- ings, or void spaces. This uneasy loophol'd gaol, In which y' are hamper'd by the fetlock, Cannot but puty' in mind of wedlock. Hudibras. Loohd, I66rd. n. a. [loerd, Dutch; lour- dant, French; lurdan, Erse, a heavy, stupid, or witless fellow. D. Trevoux derives lourdant from Lorde or Lourde, a village in Ciascoigny, the inhabitants of which were formerly noted robbers, say they. But dexterity in robbing im- plies some degree of subtilty, from which the Gascoigns are so far remov- ed, that they are awkward and heavy to a proverb. The Erse imports some de- gree of knavery, but in a ludicrous sense, as in English, you pretty rogue; though in general it denotes reproachful heavi- ness, or stupid laziness. Spenser's Scho- liast says, loord was wont, among the old Britons, to signify a lord; and there- fore 'he Danes, that usurped their ty- ranny here in Britain, were called, for more dn ad than dignity, lurdans, i. e. lord danes, whose insolence and pride was so outrageous in this realm, that if it fortuned a Briton to be going over a bridge, and saw a Dane set foot upon the same, he must return back till the Dane was clean over, else he must abide no less than present death: but being afterward expelled, the name of lurdane became so odious unto the peo- ple whom they had long oppressed, that, even at this day, they use for more reproach to call the quartan ague the fever lurdane. So far the Scholiast, but erroneous, y. From Spenser's own words, it signifies something of stupid dullness rathi;r than magisterial arro- gance. Macbean.] A drone. Siker, thou's but a lazy loord, And rekes much of thy swinke, That with fond terms and witless words To bleer mine eyes do'st think. Spenser. To Loose. 66se. v. a. fjej*an, Saxon.] 1. To unbind; to untie any thing fastened. The shoes of his feet I am not worthy to loose. Acts. Can'st thou loose the bands of Orion? Job Who is worthy to loose the seals thereof? Revela. This is to cut the knot when we cannot loose it. Burnet. 2. To relax. The joints of his loins were loosed. Daniel. 3. To unnind any one botmd Loose him, and bring him to me. Luke. 4. To free from imprisonment. The captive hasteneth that he may be loosed. Isaiah. He loosed, and set at liberty, four or five kings of the people of that country, that Berok kept in chains. Abbot. 5. To free from any obligation. Art thou loosed from a wife? seek not a wife. 1 CVtnlnioiu. 6. To free from any thing that shackles the mind. Ay; there's the man,who, loosed from lust and pelf, Less to the praetor owes than to himself. Dryden. 7. To fiee from any tiling painful. Woman thou art Zoos'd from thy infirmity. Luke. 8. To disengage. When beav'n was nam'd, they loos'd their hold again, Then sprung she forth, they follow'd her amain. Dtyden. To Loose, I66se. v. n. To set sail; to de- part by loosing the anchor. Ye should have hearkened, and not have loosed from Crete. Acts. The emperor loosing from Barcelona, came to the port of Mago, in the island of Minorca. Knolles. Loosing thence by night, they were driven by contrary winds back into his port Raleigh. Loose, l66se. adj. [from the verb.] 1. Unbound; untied. If he should intend his voyage towards my wife, I would turn her loose to him; and what he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head. Shakspeare. Lo! I see four men loose walking. Daniel. 2. Not fast; not fixed. Those few that clashed might rebound after the collision; or if they cohered, yet by the next conflict might be separated again, and so on in an eternal vicissitude of fast and loose, though without ever consociating into the bodies of planets. Bentley. 3. Not tight: as, a loose robe. 4. Not crowded; not close. With extended wings a host might pass, With horse and chariots rank'd in loose array. Milt. 5. Wanton; not chaste. Fair Venus seem'd unto his bed to bring Her, whom he waking evermore did ween To be the chastest flower that ay did spring On earthly branch, the daughter of a king, Now a Zoose leman to vile service bound. F. Queen. When Zoose epistles violate chaste eyes, She half consents who silently denies. 6. Not clost; not concise; lax. If an author be loose and diffuse in his stile, the translator needs only regard the propriety of the language. Felton. 7. Vague; indeterminate; not accurate. It is but a Zoose thing to speak of possibilities, without the particular designs; so is it to speak of lawfulness, without the particular cases Bacon. It seems unaccountable to be so exact in the quantity of liquor where a small error was of little concern, and te be so loose in the doses of powerful medicines. Arbuthnot. S. Not strict; not rigid. Because conscience, and the fear of swerving from that which is right, maketh them diligent ob- servers of circumstances, the loose regard whereof is the nurse of vulgar folly. Hooker. 9. Unconnected; rambling. I dare venture nothing without a strict examina- tion; and am as much ashamed to put a loose in- digested play upon the publick, as to offer brass mo- ney in a payment. Dryden. Vario spends whole mornings in running over loose and unconnected pages, and with fresh curio- sity is ever glancing over new words and ideas, and yet treasures up but little knowledge. Watts. 10. Lax of body; not costive. What hath a great influence upon the health, is going to stool regularly: people that are very loose have seldom strong thoughts, or strong bodies. LocAre 11. Disengaged; not enslaved. Their prevailing principle is, to sit as loose from pleasures, and be as moderate in the use of th^m, as thej can Atterbury. 12. Disengaged from obligation: com- monly with from; in the following line with of. Now I stand Loose of my vow; but who knows Cato's thoughts? Addison 13. Free from confinement. They did not let prisoners Zoose homeward. Isa. Wish the wildest tempest Zoose; That thrown again upon the coast, I may once more repeat my pain. Prior. 14. Remiss; not attentive. 15. To break Loose. To gain liberty. If to break loose from the conduct of reason; and to want that restraint of examination which keeps us from chusing the worse, be liberty, madmen and fools are only the freemen. Locke. Like two black storms on either band. Our Spanish army and the Indians stand; This only space betwixt the clouds is clear, Where you, like day, broke loose from both appear. Dryden. 16. To let Loose. To set at liberty; to set at large; to free from any restraint. And let the living bird loose into the open field. Leviticus. We ourselves make our fortunes good or bad; and when God lets loose a tyrant upon us, or a sickness, if we fear to die, or know not to be patient, the ca- lamity sits heavy upon us. Taylor. In addition and division, either of space or dura- tion, it is the number of its repeated additions or divisions that alone remains distinct, as will appear to any one who will let his thoughts loose in the vast expansion of space, or divisibility of matter. Locke. If improvement cannot be made a recreation, they must be let loose to the childish play they fancy, which they should be weaned from, by being made surfeit of it. Locke. Loose, 166se. n. a. [from the verb.] 1. Liberty; freedom from restraint. Come, and forsake thy cloying store, And all the busy pageantry That wise men scorn, and fools adore Come, give thy soul a loose, and taste the pleasures of the poor. Dryden. Lucia might my big swoln heart Yent all its griefs, and give a loose (o sorrow, Marcia could answer thee in sighs. Addison. The fiery Pegasus disdains To mind the rider's voice, or heed the reigns; When glorious fields and opening camps he views, He runs with an unbounded Zoose. Prior. Poets should not. under a pretence of imitating the ancients, give themselves such a loose in lyricks, as if there was no connection in the world. Felton. 2. Dismission from any restraining force. Air at large maketh no noise, except it be sharply percussed; as in the sound of a string, where air is percussed by a hard and stiff body, and with a sharp loose. Bacon. Lo'osely, 166se'le. adv. [from loose.] 1. Not fast; not firmly; easily to be dis- engaged. 1 thought your love eternal; was it ty'd So loosely that a quarrel could divide? Dryden. 2. Without bandage. Her golden locks for haste were loosely shed About her ears. Fairy Queen. 3. Without union or connection. Part loosely wing the region, part more wise In common, rang'd in figure, wed^e their way Milt. He has within himself, all degress of perfection that exist loosely and separately iu all second beings. Nortis. 4. Irregularly A bishop, living loosely, was charged that his con- versation was not according to the apostles' lives. Camdai. 5. Negligently; carelessly. We have not loosely through silence permitted things to pass away as in a dream. Hwkcr. LOP LOR LOR The chiming of some particular words in the me- mory, ant making a noise in the head, seldom hap- pens but when the mind is lazy, or very loosely and negligently employed. Locke. 6. Unso.idly; meanly; without dignity. A prince should not be so loosely studied, as to remember so weak a composition. Shakspeare. 7. Unchasiely. The stage how loosely does Astrea tread, WTio fairly puts all characters to bed. Pope. To Lo'osen, 166's'n. v. u. [from loose.] To part; to tend to separation. When the polypus appears in the throat, extract it that way, it being more ready to loosen when pul- led in that direction than by the nose. Sharp. To Lo'osen, i66's'n. v. a. [from loose.] 1. To relax any thing tied. 2. To make less coherent. After a year's rooting, then shaking doth the tree good, by loosening of the earth. Bacon. 3. To separate a compages. From their foundation loosing to and fro, They pluck the sealed hills with all their load. Milton. She breaks her back, the loosen'd sides give way, And plunge the Tuscan soldiers in the sea. Dryden. 4. To free from restraint. It resolves those difficulties which the rules beget; it loosens his hands, and assists his understanding. Dryden. 5. To make not costive. Fear looseneth the belly ;jbecause the heat retiring towards the heart, the guts are relaxed in the same manner as fear also causetb trembling. Bacon. Lo'osen ess, 166se'nds. n. s. [from loose.] 1. State contrary to that of being fast or fixed. The cause of the casting of skin and shell should seem to be the looseness of the skin or shell, that stickethnot close to the flesh. Bacon. 2. Latitude; criminal levity. A general looseness of principles and manners hath seized on us like a pestilence, that walketh not in darkness, but wasteth at noon-day. Atterbury. 3. Irregularity; neglect of laws. He endeavoured to win the common people, both by strained curtesy and by looseness of life. Hayward. 4. Lewdness; unchastity. Courtly court he made still to his dame, Pour'd out in looseness on the grassy ground, Both careless of his health and of his fame. Spenser. 5. Diarrhoea; flux of the belly. Taking cold moveth looseness by contraction of the skin and outward parts. Bacon. In pestilent diseases, if they cannot be expelled by sweat, they fall likewise into looseness. Bacon. Fat meats, in phlegmatick stomachs, procure looseness and hinder retention. Arbuthnot. Lo'osestrife, 166se'strife. n. 8. [lysima- chia, Latin.] An herb. Miller. To LOP. lop. v. a. [It is derived by Skin- ner from laube, German, a leaf.] 1. To cut the branches of trees. Geutle niece, what stern ungentle hands Have lopp'd and hew'd, and made thy body bare Of her two branches, those sweet ornaments. Shak. Like to pillars, Or hollow'd bodies, made of oak or fir, WTith branches lopp'd in wood, or mountain fell'd. Milton. The plants, whose luxury was lopp'd, Or age with crutches underprop'd. Cleaveland. The oak, growing from a plant to a great tree, and then lopp'd, is still the same oak. Locke. The book she bore, instead of Cynthia's spear, To lop the growth of the luxuriant year. Pope. 2. To cut any liiing. The gardener may lop religion as he pleases. Howel. So long as there's a head, Hither will all the mountain spirits fly; Lop that but off. Dryden. All that oenominated it paradise was lopped off by the deluge, and that only left which it enjoyed in common with its neighbour countries. Woodw. Rhyme sure in needless bonds the poet ties, Procrustus like, the ax or wheel applies, To lop the mangled sense, or stretch it into size. F Smith. Lop, lop. n. a. [from the verb.] L. That which is cut from trees. Or siker thy head very tottie is, So on thy corbe shoulder it leans amiss; Now thyself hath lost both lop and top, As my budding branch thou would'st crop. Spenser. Nor should the boughs grow too big, because they give opportunity to the rain to soak into the tree, which will quickly cause it to decay, so that you must cut it down, or else both body and lop will be of little value. Mortinter. 2. [loppa, Swedish.] A flea. Lope, lope. The pret. of leap. Obsolete. With that sprang forth a naked swain, With spotted wings like peacock's train, And laughing lope to a tree. Spenser. Lo'pper, lop'pur.98 n. a. [from lop.] One that cuts trees. Lo'ppered, lop'p&rd. adj. Coagulated: as, lopfiered milk, Ainsworth. Thus it is still called in Scotland. Loqua'cious, 16-kwa'shu.s.*1* adj. [lo- quax, Latin.] I. Full of talk; full of tongue. To whom sad Eve, Confessing soon, yet not before her judge Bold, or loquacious, thus abash'd reply'd. Milton. In council she gives licence to her tongue, Loquacious, brawling, ever in the wrong. Dryden. 2. Speaking. Blind British bards, with volant touch Traverse loquacious strings, whose solemn notes Provoke to harmless revels. Philips. Apt to blab; not secret. LoquA'ciTY, I6-kwas'se-t£. n. s. [loquaci- tas, Latin.] Too much talk. Why loquacity is to be avoided, the wise man gives sufficient reason, for in the multitude of words there wanteth not sin. Ray. Too great loquacity, and too great taciturnity by fits. Arbuthnot. LORD, I6rd.16? n. a. [hlaf opb, Saxon.] 1. Monarch; ruler; governour. Man over man He made not lord. Milton. Of Athens he was lord. Dryden. We have our author's only arguments to prove, that heirs are lords over their brethren. Locke. They call'd their lord Actaeon to the game, He shook his head in answer to the name. Addison. O'er love, o'er fear, extends his wide domain, Unconquer'd lord of pleasure and of pain Vanity of Human Wishes. 2. Master; supreme person. But now I was the lord Of this fair mansion, master of my servants, Queen o'er myself; and even now, but now, This house, these servants, and this same myself Are yours, my lord. Shakspeare. 3. A t> rant; an oppressive ruler. Now being assembled into one company, rather without a lord than at liberty to accomplish their misery, they fall to division. Hayward. 'Tis death to fight, but kingly to controul Lord-like at case, with arbitrary pow'r, To peel the chiefs, the people to devour. Dryden. 4. A husband. I oft in bitterness of soul deplor'd My absent daughter, and my dearer lord. Pope. 5. One who is at the head of any business; an overseer. Grant harvest lord more by ft penny or »*»» To call on his fellows the better to do. ' «*» 6. A nobleman. vt,nlem Thou art a lord and nothing but a Zora\ Shaksp. 7. A general name for a peer of Lnglano. Nor were the crimes objected against himi so clear, as to give convincing satisfaction to the ma- jor part of both houses, especially ^^J^ 8. A baron, as distinguished from those of higher title. 9. An honorary title applied to officers: as, lord chief justice, lord mayor, lord chief baron. To Lord, 16rd.i>. n. To domineer; to rule despotically: with over before the sub- ject of power. Unrighteous lord of love! what law is this, That me thou makest thus tormented be? The whiles she lordeth in licentious bliss Of her freewill, scorning both thee and me. Spens. I see them lording it in London streets. Shaksp.' Those huge tracts of ground they lorded over, be- gat wealth, wealth ushered in pride. Howel. They had by this possess'd the towers of Gath, And lorded over them whom now they serve. Milt. I should choose rather to be tumbled into the dust in blood, bearing witness to any known truth of our Lord, than by a denial of truths, through blood and perjury, wade to a sceptre, and lord it in a throne. South. But if thy passions lord it in thy breast, Art thou not still a slave. Dryden. The valour of one man th' afflicted throne Imperial, that once lorded o'er the world, Sustain'd. Philips. The civilizers! the disturbers say, The robbers, the corrupters of mankind! Proud vagabonds! who make the world your home, And lord it where you have no right. Philips. Lo'rding, holding, n. a. [from lord.] A little lord; a lord in contempt or ridi- cule. I'll question you Of my lord's tricks, and yours, when you were boys. You were pretty lor dings then. Shaksp. To lordings proud 1 tune my lay, Who feast in bower or hall; Though dukes they be, to dukes I say, That pride will have a fall. Swift. Lo'rdling, lord'ling.410 n. s. A diminu- tive lord. Traulus, of amphibious breed, By the dam from lordlings sprung, By the fire exhal'd from dung. Swift. Lo'rdmness, 16rd'16-nes. n. a. [from lordly.] 1. Dignity; high station. Thou vouchsafest here to visit me, Doing the honour of thy lordliness To one so weak. Shaksp. 2. Pride; hautiness. Lo'rdly, lord'le. adj. [from lord.] I. Befitting a lord. Lordly sins require lordly estates to support them. South. 2. Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent. Bad as yourself, my lord; An't like your lordly lord protectorship? Shaksp. Of me as of a common enemy, So dreaded once, may now exasperate them, I know not: lords ire lordliest in their wine. Milton. Expect another message more imperious, More lordly thund'ring than thou well wilt bear. Milton. Ev'ry rich and lordly swain, With pride wou'd drag about her chain. Swift. Lo'rdly, lord'le.adv. Imperiously; despo- tically; proudly. So when atygcr sucks the bullock's blood, LOS LOS LOS A famish d lion, issuing from the wood, Roars lordly fierce, and challenges the food. Dryd. Lo'rdship, 16rd'shlp. n. «. [from lord.] J. Dominion; power. Let me never know that any base affection should get any lordship in your thoughts. Sidney. It being set upon such an insensible rising of the ground, it gives the eye lordship over a good large circuit. Sidney. They which are accounted to rule over the Gen- tiles, exercise lordship over them, and their great •nes exercise authority upon them. Mark. Needs must the lordship there from virtue slide. Fairfax. 9. Seigniory; domain. How can those grants of the kings be avoided, without wronging of those lords which had those lauds and lordships given them? Spenser. There is lordship of the fee, wherein the master doth much joy, when he walketh about his own pos- sessions. Wotton. What lands and lordships for their owner know My quondam barber, but bis worship now. Dryden. 3. Title of honour used to a nobleman not a duke. I assure your lordship The extreme horrour of it almost turn'd me To air, when first I heard it. Ben Jonson. I could not answer it to the world, if I gave not your lordship ray testimony of being the best hus- band now living. Dryden. 4. Titulary compellation of judges, and some other persons in authority and office. Lore, lore. n. 8. [from laepan, Saxon, to learn.] Lesson; doctrine; instruction. And, for the modest lore of maidenhood Bids me not sojourn with these armed men, Oh whither shall I fly? Fairfax. The law of nations, or the lore of war. Fairjax. Calm regions once, And full of peace; now tost, and turbulent! For understanding rul'd not; and the will Heard not her lore.' but in subjection now To sensual appetite. Milton. The subtle fiend his lore Soon learn'd, now milder, and thus answer'd smooth. Milton. Lo! Rome herself, proud mistress now no more Of arts, but thund'ring against heathen lore. Pope. Lore, lore, [leopan, Sax.] Lost; destroy- ed. Not in use Lo'kel, io'reM. n. s. [from leop.au, Sax.] An abandoned scoundrel. Obsolete. Siker thou speakest like a lewd lorell Of heaven to deemen so: How be I am but rude and borrell, Yet nearer ways 1 know. Spenser. To Lo'ricate, lor're-kate. v. a. To piate over. Nature hath loricated, or plaistered over, the sides of the tympanum in animals with ear wax, to stop and entangle any insects that should attempt to creep in there. Ray. Lo'rimer, l&r're-mur.98 l8s } n. *. [lor- Lo'kiner, lor're-nur.98 lts $ mier, Fr.] Bridlecutter. Lo'riot, I6'r6-&L n. «. [galgulus.] A kind of bird. Lorn, i6rn. pret. pass, [oflopian, Saxon.] Forsaken; lost. Who after that be had fair Una lorn, Through light misdeeming of her loyalty. F. Queen. To Losk, l66zu.164 v. a. pret. and part. lost, [le p.in, Saxon.] l.To forfeit by unsuccessful contest: the contrary to win. 1 fought the battle bravely which I lost, And lost it but to Macedonians. Dryden. The lighten'd coursers fan; They rush'd, and won by turns, and lost the day. Dryden. . To forfeit as a penalty. In this sense is Paradise Lost. Fame—ferr, alas! the casual blessing boast, So hard to gain, so easy to be lost! Pope. To be deprived of. He lost his right haud with a shot, and, instead thereof, ever after used a hand of iron. Knolles. Who conquer'd him, and in what fatal strife The youth, without a wound, could lose his life. Dryden. To suffer diminution of. The fear of the Lord goeth before obtaining of authority; but roughness and pride is the losing thereof. Ecclesiasticus If salt have lost its savour, wherewith shall it be salted? Matthew. 5. To possess no longer: contrary to keep. They have lost their trade of woollen drapery. Graunt. No youth shall equal hopes of glory give, The Trojan honour and the Roman boast, Admir'd when living, and ador'd when lost. Dryden. We should never lose sight of the country, though sometimes entertained with a distant prospect of it. Addisoti To miss, so as not to find. Venus wept the sad disaster Of having lost her fav'rite dove. Prior. 7. To separate or alienate. It is perhaps in this sense always used passively, with to before that from which the separa- tion is made. But if to honour lost 'tis still decreed For you my bowl shall flow, my flocks shall bleed; Judge and assert my right, impartial Jove Pope. When men are openly abandoned, and lost to all shame, they have no reason to think it hard, if their memory be reproached. Swift. 8. To ruin; to send to perdition. In spite of all the virtue we can boast, The woman that deliberates is lost. Addison. 9. To bewilder, so as that the way is no longer known. I will go lose myself And wander up and down to view the city. Shaksp. Nor are constant forms of prayer more likely to flat aixl hinder the spirit of prayer and devotion, than unpremeditated and confused variety to dis- tract and lose it. King Charles. When the mind pursues the idea of infinity, it uses the ideas and repetition of numbers, which are so many distinct ideas, kept best by number from running into a confused heap, wherein the mind loses itself. • Locke. But rebel wit deserts thee oft iu vain, Lost in the maze of words he turns again. Pope. 10. To deprive of. How should you go about to lose him a wife he loves with so much passion ? TenipZe. 11. Not to employ; not to enjoy. The happy have whole days, and those they use; Th' unhappy have but hours, and these they lose. Dryden. To lose these years which worthier thoughts re- quire. To lose that health which should those thoughts in- spire. Savage. 12. To squander; to throw away. I no more complain, Time, health, and fortune, are not lost in vain. Pope. 13. To suffer to vanish from view. Like following life in creatures we dissect, We lose it in the moment we detect. Pope. Oft in the passions' wild rotation tost, Our spring of action to ourselves is lost. Pope. 14. To destroy by shipwreck. The coast Where first my shipwreck'd heart was lost. Prior. 15. To throw away; to employ ineffec- tually. He has merit, good-nature, and integrity, that are too often ZosZ upon great men, or at least are not all three a match for flattery. Pope. 16. To miss; to part with, so as not to re- cover. These sharp encounters, where always many more men are lost than are killed or taken prisoners, put such a stop to Middleton's march, that he was glad to retire. Clarendon. 17. To be freed from: as, to lose a fever. His seely back the bunch has got Which Edwin lost before. PornelL To Lose, 166ze. v. n. 1. Not to win. We'll hear poor rogues Talk of court news, and we'll talk with them too, Who loses, and who wins; who's in, who's out. Shaksp. To decline; to fail. Wisdom in discourse with her Loses discountenane'd, and like folly shews. Milton. Lo'seabi e, I66z'a-bl.*°* adj. [from lose.] Subject to privation. Consider whether motion, or a propensity to it, be an inherent quality belonging to atoms in gene- ral, and not loseable by them. Boyle. Lo'sel, lo'zil. n. 8. [from loyian, to per- ish.] A scoundrel; a sorry worthless fellow. Obsolete. Such losels and scatterlings cannot easily, by any sheriff, be gotten, when they are challenged for any such fact. Spenser. A losel wandering by the way, One that to bounty never cast his mind, Ne thought of honour ever did assay His baser breast. Fairy Queen. Be not with work of losels wit defam'd, Ne let such verses poetry be named. Hubberd. By CambriJge a towne I do know, Whose losses by lossels doth shew More heere than is needful to tell. Tusser. A gross hag! And, losel, thou art worthy to be hang'd, That wilt not stay her tongue. Shaksp. Loser. l66z'o.t.08 n. 8. [from lose.] One that is deprived of any thing; one that forfeits any thing; one that is impaued in his possession or hope: the contrary to winner or gainer. With the losers let it sympathize, For nothing can seem foul to those that win. Shak. No man can be provident of his time that is not prudent in the choice of his company; and if one of the speakers be vain, tedious, and trifling, he that hears, and he that answers, are equal losers of their time. Taylor. It eannot last, because that act seems to have been carried on rather by the interest of particular countries, than by that of the whole, which must be a loser by it. Temple. A bull with gilded horns, Shall be the portion of the conquering chief: A sword and helm shall chear the loser'3 grief. Dryden. Losers and malecontents, whose portion aud in- heritance is a freedom to speak. South. Loss, 16s. n. s. [from lose.] 1. Detriment; privation; diminution of good: the contrary to gain. The only gain he purchased was to be capable of loss and detriment for the good of others. Hooker. An evil natured son is the dishonour of his f ither that begat him; and a foolish daughter is born to his Zoss. Ecclesiasticus. The abatement of price of any of the landholder's commodities, lessens his income, and is a clear Zoss. Locke. 2. Miss; privation. LOT LOV L 0 V If he were dead, what would betide of me? —No other h.«rm but loss of such a lord —The lots of such a lord includes all harms. Shak. 3. Deprivation; forfeiture. Loss of Eden, till one greater man Restore it, and regain. Milton. 4. Destruction. Her fellow ships from far her loss descry'd; But only she was sunk, and all was safe beside. Dryden. There succeeded an absolute victory for the En- glish, with the slaughter of above two thousand of the enemy, with the loss but of one man, though not a few hurt. Bacon. 5. Fault; puzzle: used only in the follow- ing phrase. Not the least transaction of sense and motion in man, but philosophers are at a loss to comprehend. South Reason is always striving and always at a loss. while it is exercised about that which is not its pro- per object Dryden. A man may sometimes be at a loss which side to close with. " Baker. 6. Useless application. It would be loss of time to explain any farth r our superiority to the enemy in numbers of men and horse. Addison. Lost, l&st. participial adj. [from lose.] No longer perceptible. In seventeen days appear'd your pleasing coast, And woody mountains, half in vapours lost. Pope. Lot, l&t. n. s. [hlaut, Gothick; hloC, Sax. lot, Dutch.] 1. Fortune; state assigned. Kala at length conclude my ling'ring lot; Disdain me not, although I be not fair, Who is an heir of many hundred sheep, Doth beauty keep which never sun can burn, Nor storms do turn. Sidney. Our own lot is best; and* by aiming at what we have not, we lose what we have already. L'Estrange. Prepar'd I stand; he was but born to try The lot of man, to suffer and to die. Pope. 2. A die, or any thing used in determining chances. Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the Lord, and the other lot for the scape-goat. Leviticus. Their tasks in equal portions she divides, And where unequal, there by lots decides. Dryden. Ulysses bids his friends to cast lots, to shew, that he would not voluntarily expose them to so immi- nent danger. Broome. 3. It seems in Shakspeare to signify a lucky or wished chance. If you have heard your general talk of Rome, And of his friends there, it is lots to blanks My name hath touch'd your ears; it is Menenius. Shaksp. 4. A portion; a parcel of goods as being drawn by lot: as, what lot of silks had you at the sale? 5. Proportion of taxes: as, to pay scot and lot. Lote tree or nettle tree, lote'tree. n. 8. A plant. The leaves of the lote tree are like those of the nettle. The fruit of this tree is not so tempting to us, as it was to the companions of Ulysses: the wood is durable, and used to make pipes for wind instru- ments: the root is proper for hafts of knives, and was highly esteemed by the Romans for its beauty and use. Miller. LO'TOS, lo'tus. n. s. [Latin] See Lote. The trees around them all their food produce, Lotos, the name divine, neciareous juice. Pope. Lo'tiox, lo'shtin. n. s.\_lotio, Latin; lotion, French.] A form of medicine com- pounded of aqueous liquids, used to wash any part with. Quincy. In lotions in women's cases, be orders two potions of hellebore macerated in two cotylse of water. Arbuthnot. Lo'ttery, I6t'ttir-e.4*7 n. s. [lotterie, Fr. from lot.] A game of chance; a sorti- lege; distribution of prizes by chance; a play in which lots are drawn for prizes. Let high-sighted tyranny range on, Till each man drop by lottery. Shaksp. The lottery that he hath devised in these three chests of gold, silver, and lead, will never be chosen by any but whom you shall rightly love. Shaksp. Fortune, that with malicious joy Does man, her slave, oppress, Still various and unconstant still, Promotes, degrades, delights in strife, And makes a lottery of life. Dryden. Every warriour may be said to be a soldier of fortune, and the best commanders to have a lottery for their work. South. Lo'vaoe, l&v'idje. n. s. [levisticum, Lat.j A piant. LOUD, loud.813 adj. I. Noisy; striking the ear with great force. Contending on the Lesbian shore, His prowess Philomelides confess'd, And loud acclaiming Greeks the victor bless'd. Pope. The numbers soft and clear, Gently steal upon the ear; Now louder, aud yet louder rise, And fill with spreading sounds the skies- Pope. 2. Clamorous; turbulent. She i« loud and stubborn; her feet abide not in her house. Proverbs. Lo'udlt, 16id'le. adv. [from loud.] Noisily, so as to be heard far. The soldier that philosopher well blam'd, Who long and loudly in the schools declaim'd. Denham. Clamorously; with violence of voice. I read above fifty pamphlets, written by as many presbyterian divines, loudly disclaiming toleration. Swift. Lo'udness, loud'nds. n. s. Noise; force of sound; turbulence; vehemence or furi- ousness of clamour. Had any disaster made room for grief, it would have moved according to prudence, and the propor- tions of provocation: it would not have sallied out into complaint or loudness. South. To LOVE, luv.l88z;. a. [luj?ian, Sax.] 1. To regard with passionate affection,«as that ot one sex to the other. Good shepherd, tell this youth what 'tis to love. —It is to be made all of sighs and tears; It is to be made all of faith and service; It is to be all made of fantasy, All made of passion, and all made of wishes; All adoration, duty, and obedience; All humbleness, all patience, all impatience, All purity, all trial, all observance. Shakspeare. I could not love I'm sure One who in love were wise. Cowley. The jealous man wishes himself a kind of deity to the person he loves; he would be the only employ- ment of her thoughts. Addison. 2. To regard wim the affection of a friend. None but his brethren he, and sisters knew, Whom the kind youth prefer'd to me, And much above myself i lov'd them too. Cowley. 3. To regard with parental tenderness. He that loveth me shall be loved of my father, and I will Zot>e him, and will manifest myself to him. John. 4. 1 o be pleased with; to delight in. Fish used to salt water delight more in fresh: we see that salmon and smelts love to get into rivers, Wit, eloquence, and poetry, Ccwley- though against the stream. Arts which 1 lov'd. , ... e^,t.nA He lov'd my worthless rhimes, and, like a friend, Would find out something to commend. vowiry- . To .egard with reverent unwillingness to offend. , t n . Love the Lord thy God with all thine heart. Devt. Love, luv.'«» n. a. [from the verb.] The passion between the sexes. Hearken to the birds Zore-leamed song, The dewie leaves among! openjer. While idly I stood looking on, I found th' effect of Zore in idleness. Shaksp. My tales of love were wont to weary you; I know you joy not in a love discourse. Shaksp, I look'd upon her with a soldier's eye, That lik'd, but had a rougher task in hand Than to drive liking to the name of love. Shaksp. What need a vermil-tinctur'd lip for that, Lore-darting eyes, or tresses like the morn? Milton. Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end, Not wedlock treachery, endang'ring life. Milton. A love potion works more by the strength of charm than nature. Collier. You know y' are in my power by making love. Dryden. Let mutual joys our mutual trust combine, And love, and Zotie-born confidence be thine. Pope. Cold is that breast which warm'd the world be- fore, And these Zoue-darting eyes must roll no more. Pope. 2. Kindness; good-will; fiiendsnip. What love, think'st thou, I sue so much to get? My love till death, my humble thanks, my prayers; That love which virtue begs, and virtue grants. Shakspeare. God brought Daniel into favour and tendei love with the prince. Daniel. The one preach Christ of contention, but the other of love. Philippians. By this shall all men know that ye are my dis- ciples, if ye have love one to another. John. Unwearied have we spent the nights, Till the Leadean stars, so fam'd for love, Wonder'd at us from above. 3. Courtship. Demetrius Made love to Nedar's daughter Helena, And won her soul. If you will marry, make your loves to me, My lady is bespoke. Shaksp. The enquiry of truth, which is the Zove-making or wooing of it; the knowledge of truth, the preference of it; and the belief of truth, the enjoying of it, is the sovereign good of human nature. Bacon. I. Tenderness; parental care. No religion that ever was. so fully represents the goodness of God, and his tender love to mankind, which is the most powerful argument to the love of God- . Tillotson. 5. Liking; inclination to: as, the love of one's country. In youth, of patrimonial wealth possest, The love of science faintly warm'd his breast. Fenton. 6. Object beloved. Open the temple gates unto my love. Spenser. If that the world and love were young And truth in every shepherd's tongue; These pretty pleasures might me move, To live with thee, and be thy love. The banish'd never hopes his love to see. Dryden. The lover and the love of human kind. Pope. 7. Lewdness. He is not lolling on a lewd love bed, But on his knees at meditation. 8. Unreasonable liking. The love to sin makes a man sin against his own reaA°n" . , Taylor. Men in love with their opinions may not only sup- f,°-f What h ^ 1uestion» but allege wrong matter of Locke. Cowley. Shaksp. Shaksp. Shaksp. fact. Bacon. J9. Fondness; concord. LOV LOV LOU Come, love and health to all! Then I'll sit down: give me some wine; fill full. Shaksp. Shall I come unto you with a rod, or in love, and in the spirit of meekness? 1 Corinthians. 10. Principle of union. Love is the great instrument of nature, the bond and cement of society, the spirit and spring of the universe: love is such an affection as cannot so pro- perly be said to be in the soul, as the soul to be in that: it is the whole man wrapt up into one desire. South. 11. Picturesque representation of love. The lovely babe was born with ev'ry grace: Such was his form as painters, when they show Their utmost art, on naked loves bestow. Dryden. 12. A word of endearment. 'Tis no dishonour, trust me, love, 'tis none; I would die for thee. Dryden. 13. Due reverence to God. I know that you have not the love of God in you. John. Love is of two soils, of friendship and of desire; the one betwixt friends, the other betwixt lovers; the one a rational, the other a sensitive love: so our love of God consists of two parts, as esteeming of God, and desiring of him. Hammond. The love of God makes a man chaste without the laborious arts of fasting, and exterior disciplines; he reaches at glory without any other arms than those of love. Taylor 14. A kind of thin silk stuff. Ainaworth. This leaf held near the eye, and obverted to the light, appeared so full of pores, with such a transpa- rency as that of a sieve, a piece of cypress, or love- hood. Boyle. Lo'veapple, l&v'ap-pl.406 n. a. A plant. Miller. Lo'veknot, ldv'n6t. n. a. [love and knot ] A complicated figure, by which affec- tion interchanged is figured. Lo'veletter, lilv'l£t-tur. n. a. [love and letter.] Letter of courtship. Have I escaped lovelelters in the holyday time of my beauty, and am I now a subject for them? Shak. The children are educated in the different notions of their parents; the sons follow the father, while the daughters read loveletters and romances to their mother. • Spectator. Lo'velily, liv'le-le. adv. [from lovely.] Amiably; in such a manner as to excite love. Thou look'st Lovelily dreadful. Otway. Lo'veliness, ldv'le-n£s. n. 8. [from love- ly.] Amiableness; qualities of mind or body that excite love. Carrying thus in one person the only two bands of good-will, loveliness and lovingness. Sidney. When I approach Her loveliness, so absolute she seems, That what she wills to do, or say, Seems wisest, virtuousest, discreetest, best. Milton. If there is such a native loveliness in the sex, as to make them victorious when in the wrong, how resistless is their power when they are on the side of truth? SpecteUor. •Lo'velorn. l&v'ldrn. adj. [love and lorn.] Forsaken of one's love. The love-lorn nightingale Nightly to thee her sad song mourneth well. Milton. Lo'vely, lfiv'le. adj. [from love.] Amia- ble; exciting love. The breast of Hecuba, When she did suckle Hector, look'd not lovelier, Than Hector's forehead Shaksp. Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided. 2 Samuel. The (lowers which it had press'd Appeared to my view, VOL. II. More fresh and lovely than the rest, That in the meadows grew. Denham. The Christian religion gives us a more lovely cha- racter of God, than any religion ever did. Tillotson. The fair With cleanly powder dry their hair; And round their lovely breast and head Fresh flow'rs their mingled odours shed. Prior. Lo'vemonger, luv'milng gur. n. s. [love and monger.] One who deals in affairs of love. Thou art an old lovemonger and speakest skilful- ly. Shaksp. Lo'ver, liv'flr.98 n. a. [from love.~] 1. One who is in love. Love is blind, and lovers cannot see The pretty follies that themselves commit. Shaksp. Let it be never said, that he whose breast Is fill'd with love, should break a lover's rest. Dryd. 2. A friend; one who regards with kind- ness. Your brother and his lover have embrae'd. Shak. 1 tell thee, fellow, Thy general is my lover: I have been The book of his good act, whence men have read His fame unparallel'd haply amplified. Shaksp. 3. One who likes any thing. To be good and gracious, and a Zotier of know- ledge, are amiable things. Burnet. Lo'uver, loo'vur. n. a. [from Vouvert, French, an opening.] An opening for the smoke to go out at in the roof of a cottage. Spenser. Lo'vesecret, lil v'se-kret. n. 8. [love and secret.] Secret between lovers. What danger, Arimant, is this you fear? Of what lovesecret which I must not hear? Dryden. Lo'vesiok, iuv'sik. adj. [love and sick.] Disordered with love; languishing with amorous desire. See, on the shoar, inhabits purple spring, Where nightingales their lovesick ditty sing. Dryd. To the dear mistress of my lovesick mind, Her swain a pretty present has design'd. Dryden. Of the reliefs to ease a lovesick mind, Flavia prescribes despair. Granville. Lo'vesome, luv'sfirn. adj. [from love.] Lovely. A word not used. Nothing new can spring Without thy warmth, without thy influence bear, Or beautiful or lovesome can appear. Dryden. Lo'vesong, luv'song. n. s. [love and song.] Song expressing love. Poor Romeo is already dead! Stabb'd with a white wench's black eye, Run through the ear with a lovesong. Shaksp. Lovesong weeds and satyrick thorns are grown, Where seeds of better arts were early sown. Donne. Lo'vesuit, liv'sute. n.-s. [love and suit.] Couilship. His lovesuit hath been to me As fearful as a siege. Shaksp. Lo'vetale, liiv'tale. n. s. [love and tale.] Narrative of love. The lovetale Infected Sion's daughters with like heat; Whose wanton passions in the sacred porch Ezekiel saw. Milton. Cato 's a proper person to entrust A lovetale with! Addison. Lo'vethought, luv'f/zawt. n. s.[love and thought.] Amorous fancy. Away to sweet beds of flowers, Lovtthoughts lie rich when canopied with bowers. Shakspeare. Lo'vetoy, lilv't66. n. a. [love and toy.] Small presents given by lovers. Has this amorous gentleman preseuted himself with any lovetoys, such as gold snuff-boxes? Arbuth. K Lo'vetriok, luv'trlk. n. a. [love and tricky Art of expressing love. Other disports than dancing jollities; Other lovetricks than glancing with the eyes. Don»ie. Lough, lok.*92 n. a. [loch, Irish, a lake.] A lake; a large inland standing water. A people near the northern pole that won, Whom Ireland sent from loughes and forests hore, Divided far by sea from Europe's shore. Fairfax. Lough Ness never freezes. Phil. Trans Lo'ving, Iftv'ing. participial adj. [from love.] I. Kind; affectionate. So loving to my mother, That he would not let ev'n the winds of heav'n Visit her face too roughly. Shaksp This earl was of great courage, and much loved of his soldiers, to whom he was no less loving again. Hayward. 2. Expressing kindness. The king took her in his arms till she came to herself, and comforted her with loving words. Esth. Lo'vingkindness, lftv'ing-kyind'n^s. n. a. Tenderness; favour; mercy. A scriptu- ral word. Remember, Oiord, thy tender mercies, and thy lovingkindnesses. Psalms. He has adapted the arguments of obedience to the imperfection of our understanding, requiring us to consider him only under the amiable attributes of goodness and lovingkindness, and to adore him as our friend and patron. Rogers. Lo'vingly, luVing-le. adv. [from loving.] Affectionately; with kindness. The new king, having no less lovingly performed all duties to him dead than alive, pursued on the siege of his unnatural brother, as much for the re- venge of his father, as for the establishing of his own quiet. Sidney. It is no great matter to live lovingly with good- natured and meek persons; but he that can do so with the froward and perverse, he only hath true charity. Taylor. Lo'vingness, luv'lng-ne's. n. s. [from lov- ing.] Kindness; affection. Carrying thus in one person the only two bands of good-will, loveliness and lovingness. Sidney. LOUIS D'OR, lu-e-dore'. n. s. [French.] A golden coin of France, valued at twen- ty shillings. If he is desired to change a louis d'or, he must consider of it. Spectator. To Lounge, lounje. v. n. [lunderen, Dutch.] To idle; to live lazily. Lo'unger, loun'jur. n. s. [from lounge.] An idler. LOUSE, louse.313 n. s. plural lice. [lur, Saxon; luys, Dutch.] A small animal, of which different species live on the bodies of men, beasts, and perhaps of all living creatures. There were lice upon man and beast. Exodus. Frogs, lice and flies, must all his palace fill With loath'd intrusion. Milton. It is beyond even an atheist's credulity and im- pudence to affirm, that the first men might proceed out of the tumours of Irees, as maggots anci flies are supposed to do now, or might grow upon trees; or perhaps might be the lice of some prodigious ami- mals, whose species is now extinct. Bentley, Not that I value the money the fourth part of the skin of a louse. Swift. To Louse, 16uze.437 v. a. [from the noun.l To clean from lice. As for all other good women, that love to do but little work, how handsomely it i* to louse themselves in the sunshine, they that have been but a while in Ireland can well witness. Spemer. LOW LOW LOW Yeu sat and lous'd him all the sun-shine day. Swift. Lo'usewort, 16use'wtirt. n. 8. The name of a plant; called also rattle and cocks- comb. Lo'usily, lou'ze-le. adv. [from louse.] In a paltry, mean, and scurvy way. Lo'osiness, 16u'ze-nes. n. a. [from lousy.]' The slate of abounding with lice. Lo'usy, 16u'z£. adj. [from louse.] 1. Swarming with lice; overrun with lice. Let him be daub'd with lace, live high and whore, Sometimes be lousy, but be never poor. Dryden. Sweetbriar and gooseberry are only lousy in dry times, or very hot places. Mortimer. 2. Mean; low born; bred on the dunghill. I pray you now remembrance on the lousy knave mine host. A lousy knave, to have his gibes and his mockeries. Sliaksp. Lout, 16&t. n. s. [loete, Dutch. Mi". Lye.] A mean awkward fellow; a bumbkin; a clown. Pamela, whose noble heart doth disdain, that the trust of her virtue is reposed in such a lout's hands, had yet, to shew an obedience, taken on shepherdish apparel. Sidney. This lowt, as he exceeds our lords, the odds Is, that we scarce are men, and you are gods. Shaksp. I have need of such a youth, That can with some discretion do my business: For 'tis no trusting to yon foolish lout. Shaksp. Thus wail'd the louts in melancholy strain. Gay. To Lout, )6u.t.812 v. n. [hlucan, Sax.] To bend; to bow; to stoop. Obsolete. It was used in a good sense. He fair the knights saluted, touting low, Who fair him quitted, as that courteous was. Spenser. Under the sand bag he was seen, Louling low, like a for'ster green. Ben Jonson. The palmer, grey with age, with count'nance lowting low His head ev'n to the earth before the king did bow. Drayton. To Lout, loit. v. a. This word seems in Shakspeare to signify, to overpower. 1 am lowted by a traitor villain, And cannot help the noble chevalier. Shaksp. Lo'utish, lout'ish. adj. [from lout.] Clownish; bumpkinly. This loutish clown is such, that you never saw so ill-favoured a visar; his behaviour such, that he is beyond the degree of ridiculous. Sidney. Lo'utishly, 16ut'ish-le. adv. [from lout.] With the air of a clown; with the gait of a bumbkin. Low. lo.S24 adj. 1. Not high. Their wand'ring course now high, now low, then hid, Progressive, retrograde. Milton. 2. Not rising far upward. It became a spreading vine of low stature. Eze. 3, Not elevated in place, or local situation. O mighty Caesar! dost thou lie so Zoto? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure? Shaksp. Equal in days and nights, except to those Beyond the polar circles; to them day Had unbenighted shone, while tiie low sun, To recompense his distance, in their sight Had rounded still th' horizon and not known Or east or west. Milton. Whatsoever is washed away from them is carried down in the lower grounds, and into the sea, and nothing is brought back. Burnet. 4. Descending far downward; deep. The lowest bottom shook of Erebus. Milton. So high as heav'd the tumid hills, so low, Down sunk a hollow bottom, broad and deep, Capacious bed of waters. Milton. His volant touch Instinct through all proportions low and high Fled and pursu'd transverse the resonant fugue. Milton. 5. Not deep; not swelling high; shallow: used of water. As two men were walking by the sea-side at low water, they saw an oyster, and both pointed at it together. L'Estrange. It is low ebb sure with his accuser, when such peccadillos are put in to swell the charge. Atterb. 6. Not of high price: as, corn is low. 7. Not loud; not noisy. As when in open air we blow, The breath, though strain'd, sounds flat and low: But if a trumpet take the blast, It lifts it high, and makes it last. Waller. The theatre is so well contrived, that, from the very deep of the stage, the lowest sound may be heard distinctly to the farthest part of the audience; and yet, if you raise your voice as high as you please there is nothing like an echo to cause confusion. Addison. 3. In latitudes near to the line. They take their course either high to the north, or low to the south. Abbot. ?. Not rising to so great a sum as some other accumulation of particulars. Who can imagine, that in sixteen or seventeen hundred years time, taking the lower chronology that the earth had then stood, mankind should be propagated no farther than Judaea? Burnet. 10. Late in time: as, the lower empire. 11. Dejected; depressed. His spirits are so low his voice is drown'd, He hears as from afar, or in a swoon, Like the deaf murmur of a distant sound. Dryd. Though he before bad gall and rage, Which death or conquest must assuage; He grows dispirited and low, He hates the fight, and shuns the foe. Prior. 12. Impotent; subdued. To be worst, The lowest, most dejected thing of fortune, Stands still in esperance. Shaksp. Why but to awe, Why but to keep ye Zoio and ignorant? Milton. To keep them all quiet, he must keep them in greater awe and less splendor; which power he will use to keep them as low as he pleases, and at no more cost than makes for his own pleasure. GfraunZ. 13. Not elevated in rank or staur.r.; abject. He wooes both high and low, both rich and poor. Shakspeare Try in men of Zoio and mear education, who have never elevated their thoughts above the spade. Locke. 14. Dishonourable; betokening meanness of mind: as, low tricks. Yet sometimes nations will decline so low From virtue, which is reason, that no wrong But justice, and some fatal course annexed, Deprives them of their outward liberty, Their inward lost. Milton. 15. Not sublime; not exalted in thought or diction. He has not so many thoughts that are Zoic and vulgar, but, at the same time, has not so many thoughts that are sublime and noble. Addison In comparison of these divine writers, the noblest wits of the heathen world are low and dull. Felton. 16. Submissive; humble; reverent. I bring them to receive From thee their names, and pay their fealty With low subjection. Milton. From the free her step she tum'd, But first low reverence done, as to the Pow'' ..^ That dwelt within. JH Low, 16. adv. 1. Not aloft; not on high. . There under Ebon shades and Zow-brow d iocks, As ragged as thy locks M;nnn In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell. Juwon. My eyes no object met But Zoio-hung clouds, that dipt themselves inrain, To shake their fleeces on the earth again. Dryden. No luxury found room In Zow-rooft houses, and bare walls of lome. Dryden. Vast yellow offsprings are the German's pride; But hotter climates narrower frames obtain, And Zoto-built bodies are the growth of Spain. CreecA. We wand'ring go through dreary wastes, Where round some mould'ring tow'r pale ivy creeps, And Zoto-brow'd rocks hang nodding o'er the deeps. Popt. 2. Not at a high price; meanly. It is chiefly used in composition. Proud of their numbers, and secure in soul, The confident and over-lusty French: Do the Zoic-rated English play at dice? Shaksp. This is the prettiest low-bora lass that ever Ran on the greensword; nothing she does or seems, But smacks of something greater than herself, Too noble for this place. Shaksp. Whenever I am turned out, my lodge descends upon a Zoto-spirited creeping family. Swift. Corruption, like a general flood, Shall deluge ail; and av'rice creeping on, Spread like a Zbe stored with lubricous opinions instead of clearly conceived truths, and peremptorily resolved in them, the practice will be as irregular as the cwgePjJ22J Lubrifica'tion, 16,-bre-fe-ka'shun. n. s. [lubricus and fio, Lat.] The act of smoothing. A twofold liquor is prepared for the inunction and lubrification of the heads of the bones; an oily one, furnished by the marrow; a mucilaginous, supplied by certain glandules seated in the articulations. Ray on Creation. Lubrifa'otion, lu-bre-fak'shtin. n. s. [lubricus and facio, Lat.] The act of lubricating or smoothing. The cause is lubrifaction and relaxation, as in medicines emollient; such as milk, honey, and mal- lows. Bacon. Luce, luse. n. a. [perhaps from lupus, Lat.] A pike full grown. They give the dozen white Zuces in their coat. Shakspeare. Lu'cent, lu'sent. adj. [lucens, Latin.] Shining; bright; splendid. I meant the day-star should not brighter rise, Nor lend like influence from his lucent seat. Ben Jonson. A spot like which perhaps Astronomer in the sun's lucent orb, Through his glaz'd optick tube yet never saw. Milton. Lu'oern, lu'sern. n. s. [medica.] An herb remarkable for quick growth. LU'CID, lu'sid. adj. [lucidua, Lat. lucide, French.] 1. Shining; bright; glittering. Over his Zncirf arms A military vest of purple flow'd; Livelier than Meliboean. Milton. It contracts it, preserving the eye from being in- jured by too vehement and lucid an object, and again dilates it for the apprehending objects more remote in a fainter light. Ray. If a piece of white paper, or a white cloth, or the end of one's finger, le held at the distance of about a quarter of an inch, or half an inch, from that part of the glass where it is most in motion, the electrick vapour which is excited by the friction of the glass against the hand, will, by dashing ogamst .h.= white paper, cloth, or finger, be put into such an citation as to emit light, and make the white paper, cloth, or finger, appear Zwcid like a glow-worm Newton. The pearly shell its lucid globe unfold, And Phoebus warm the rip'ning ore to gold. Pope. 2. Pellucid; iransparent. On the fertile banks, Of Abbana and Pharphnr, Zttcid streams. Milton. On the transparent side of a globe, half silver and half of a transparent metal, we saw certain sU-ange figures circularly drawn, and thought we could touch them, till we found our fingers stopped by that lucid substance. Gulliver's Travels. 3. Bright with the radiance of intellect; not darkened with madness. The long dissentions of the two houses, which, although they had had lucid intervals and happy pauses, yet they did ever hang over the kingdom, ready to break forth. Bacon. Some beams of wit on other souls may fall, Strike through and make a lucid interval; But Shadwell's genuine night admits no ray, His rising fogs prevail upon the day. Dryden. I believed him in a Zncirf interval, and desired he would please to let me see his book Tatler. A few sensual and voluptuous persons may, for a season, eclipse this native light of the soul; but can never so wholly smother and extinguish it, but that at some lucid intervals, it will recover itself again' and shine forth to the conviction of their conscience! Bentley. Luci'dity, l6-sid'6-te. n. s. [from lucid.] Splendour; brightness. Diet. LUC LUF LUK Luci'ferous, lu-sIPfer-us.«18 adj. [lucifer, Lat.] Giving light; affording means of discovery. The experiment is not ignoble, and luciferous enough, as shewing a new way to produce a volatile salt. Boyle. Luci'fiok, lfc-siffik.'09 adj. [lux and facio, Latin.] Making light; producing light. When made to converge, and so mixed together; though their lucifvck motion be continued, yet by interfering, that equal motion, which is the colori- fick, is interrupted. Grew. Luck, lilk. n. a. [geluck, Dutch.] 1. Chance; accident; fortune; hap; casual event. He forc'd his neck into a nooze, To shew his play at fast and loose; And, when he chanc'd t' escape, mistook, For art and subtlety, his luck. Hudibras. Some such method may he found by human in- dustry or Zucfc, by which compound bodies may be resolved into other substances than they are divided into by the fire. Boyle. 2. Fortune, good or bad. Glad of such luck, the luckless lucky maid A long time with that savage people staid, To gather breath in many miseries. Spenser. Farewel, good, luck go with thee. Shakspeare. I did demand what news from Shrewsbuiy. He told me, that rebellion had ill ZucA:, And that young Harry Percy's spur was cold. Sfeafcspeare. That part of mankind who have had the justice, or the luck, to pass, in common opinion, for the wisest, have followed a very different scent. Temple. Such, how highly soever they may have the luck to be thought of, are far from being Israelites in- deed. South. The guests are found too numerous for the treat, But all, it seems, who had the luck to eat, Swear they ne'er tasted more delicious meat. ToZe. Lu'okily, lilk'ke-le. adv. [from lucky.] Fortunately; by good hap. It is the pencil thrown luckily full upon the horse's mouth, fo express the foam, which the painter with all his skill could not form. Dryden. It happens luckily for the establishment of a new race of kings upon the British throne, that the first of this royal line has all high qualifications. Addis. Lu'ckiness, luk'ke-nSs. n.s.[fromlucky.] Good fortune; good hap; casual happi- ness. He who sometimes lights on troth, is in the right but by chance; and I know not whether the Zucfci- ness of the accident will excuse the irregularity of his proceeding. Locke. Lu'ckless, liik'le's. adj. [from luck.] Un- fortunate; unhappy. Glad of such luck, the ZitcfcZess lucky maid A long time with that savage people staid, To gather breath in many miseries. Spenser. Never shall my thoughts be base, Though luckless, yet without disgrace. Suckling. What else but his immoderate lust of pow'r, Prayers made and granted in a luckless hour? Dryden. Lu'cky, luk'ke. adj. [from luck; geluckig, Dutch.] Fortunate; happy by chance. But I more fearful, or more lucky wight, Dismay'd with that deformed, dismal sight, Fled fast away. Spenser. Perhaps some arm more lucky than the rest, May reach his heart, and free the world from bond- age. Addison. Lu'orative, lu'kra-tiv. adj. [lucratif, Fr. lucrativus, Lat.] Gainful; profitable; bringing money. The trade of merchandize being the most lucra- tive, may bear usury at a good rate: other contracts not so. Bacon. The disposition of Ulysses inclined him to pursue the more dangerous way of living by war, than the more lucrative method of life by agriculture. Broome. Lu'cre, lu'kur.*16 n. s. \lucrum, Lat.] Gain; profit; pecuniary advantage. In an ill sense. Malice and lucre in them Have laid this woe here. Shakspeare. They all the sacred mysteries of Heav'n To their own vile advantages shall turn Of lucre and ambition. Milton. A soul supreme in each hard instance try'd, Above all pain, all anger, and all pride, The rage of pow'r, the blast of publick breath, The lust of lucre, and the dread of death. Pope. Lucri'fkrous, lu-kriFfer-ils. adj. [lucrum and fero, Lat.] Gainful; profitable. Silver was afterwards separated from the gold, but in so small a quantity, that the experiment, the costs and pains considered, was not lucriferous. Boyle. Lucri'fick, lu-krif'fik.60B adj. [lucrum and facio, Lat.] Producing gain. Lucta'tion, lftk-ta'shun. n. s. [luctor, Lat.] Struggle; effort; contest. To Lu'cubrate, lu'ku-brate.603 v. a. [lu- cubror, Latin.] To watch; to study by night. Luc ubra'tion, lu-ku-bra'shun.633 n. s. [lu- cubratio, Latin.] Study by candlelight; nocturnal study; any thing composed by night. Thy lucubrations have been perused by several of our friends. Taller. Lucubra'tory, lu'ku-bra-tir-e.*13 adj. [lucubratoriua, from lucubror, Latin.] Composed by candlelight. Vou must have a dish of coffee, and a solitary candle at your side, to write an epistle luciibratory to your friend. Pope. Lu'culent, lu'kft-lent.608 adj. [luculen- tus, Latin.] I. Clear; transparent; lucid. This word is perhaps not used in this sense by any other writer. And luculent along The purer rivers flow. Thomson. 2. Certain; evident. They are against the obstinate incredulity of the Jews, the most luculent testimonies that christian religion hath. Hooker. LU'DICROUS, lu'de-krus. adj. [ludicer, Lat.] Burlesque; merry; sportive; ex- citing laughter. Plutarch quotes this instance of Homer's judg- ment, in closing a ludicrous scene with decency and instruction. Broome. Lu uicrously, lu'de-kris-le. adv. [from ludici-ous.] Sportively; in burlesque; in a manner that may excite laughter. Lu'dicrousness, lu'de-krus-nes. n. a. [from ludicrous.] Burlesque; spor- tiveness; merry cast or manner; ridicu- lousness. Ludifica'tion, lu de-fe-ka'shftn. n. s. [ludifcor, Lat.] The act of mocking, or making sport of another. Diet. Luff, luf. n. s. [In Scotland.] The palm of the hand. To Luff, ldf. v. n. [or loof] To keep close to the wind. Sea term. Contract your swelling sails, and luff to wind. Dryden. To Lug, lfig. v. a. [aluccan, Saxon, to pull; loga, Swedish, the hollow of the hand.] I. To hale or drag; to pull with rugged violence. Your gods! why this Will lug your priests and servants from your sides. Shakspeare. Thy bear is safe, and out of peril, Though lugg'd indeed, and wounded very ill. Hudibras, When savage bears agree with bears, Shall secret ones lug saints by th' ears? Hudibras. See him drag his feeble legs about Like hounds ill coupled: Jowler lugs him still Through hedges. Dryden. Whose pleasure is to see a strumpet tear A cynick's beard, and lug him by the hair. Dryden. Either every single animal spirit must convey a whole representation, or else they must divide the image amongst them, and so lug off every one his share. CoZZier. 2. To Lug out. To draw a sword, in burlesque language. But buff and beltmen never know these cares, No time, nor trick of law, their action bars; They will be heard, or they Zug ouZ and cut. Dryd To Lug, lug. v. n. To drag; to come hea- vily: perhaps only misprinted for lags. My flagging soul flies under her own pitch, Like fowl in air, too damp and lugs along, As if she were a body in a body. Dryden. Lug, lug. n. s. I. A kind of small fish. They feed on salt unmerchantable pilchards, tag worms, lugs, and little crabs. Carew. 2. [In Scotland.] An ear. 3. Lug, a land measure; a pole or perch. That ample pit, yet far renown'd For the large leap which Debon did compel Ceaulin to make, being eight lugs of ground. Spens. Lu'ggage, lug'gidje.90 n. s. [from lug.] Any thing cumbrous and unwieldy that is to be carried away; any thing of more weight than value. Come, bring your luggage nobly on your back. Shakspeare. What do you mean To doat thus on such luggage? Shakspeare. Think not thou to find me slack, or need Thy politick maxims, or that cumbersome luggage of war there shewn me. Milton. How durst thou with that sullen luggage 0' th' self, old ir'n, and other baggage, T' oppose thy lumber against us? Hudibras. The mind of man is too light to bear much cer- tainty among the ruffling winds of passion and opi- nion; and if the luggage be prized equally with the jewels, none will be cast out till all be shipwrecked. Glanville. A lively faith will bear aloft the mind, And leave the luggage of good works behind. Dryden. I am gathering up my luggage, and preparing for my journey. Swift to Pope. Lu'gubrious, lu-gu'br£-6s. adj. [lugubre, French; lugubris, Latin.] Mournful; sorrowful. A demure, or rather a lugubrious look, a whin- ing tone, makes up the sum of many men's humi- liations. Decay of Piety. LU'KEWARM, luke'warm. adj. [The original of this word is doubted. Warmth, in Saxon, is hleofc; in old Frisick hlij; in Dutch liewte; whence probably our luke, to which warm may be added, to determine, by the first word, the force of the second; as vre say, boiling hot.] LUM LUM LU I. Moderately or mildly warm; so warm as to give onlya pleasing sensation. A dreary corse, whose life away did pass, All wallow'd in his own yet lukeir