. : :'IM1 ii:i;!E; I'lliffi ■■■.-Jillll HI :fi '■ ''!'!« P ! Ililll n ■iiin .'inif* 'T^ | iiii'iiiillljlll .lilill.il II* illlHIIIIlllW iiilllljillllfl SB it iililiiMiililBi lili.iiiilllll ■ ; >i>i:llitlllH IP 1 ii!c«ijii1$ififi!*isi^S WBK W927t 1893 0033043 NLM QSlbii'm E NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE S SURGEON" GENERAL'S OFFICE i* § /?/fLIBRARY >v Section, ■z — ff No. Ift^Zh t.i '•• ' «l Iff jiii 413 NLM051649992 •K iv * §# »' V- •"" ^rHuk" w mP RETURN TO BEFORE LAST DATE SHOWN MAR 5 1976! *?**&?*•<*: i&> &. &*■••. -f- i&S ■■* v.-? ,*; ,y- TRANSAOTIONS OF THE WORLD'S CONGRESS OF 1 [CMS M rr Held under the Auspices op the World's Congress Auxiliary of the World's Columbian Exposition, in J CHICAGO, ILL., MAY 29 TO JUNE* 3,^1893. PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF HOMCEOPATHY, AND EDITED BY ITS GENERAL SECRETARY, PEMBERTON DUDLEY, M.D. PHILADELPHIA: Sherman & Co., Printers, Seventh and Cherry Streets. 1894. \AWtt AUTHORIZED DEFINITION. At the Annual Session of 1881, the American Institute of Homoeo- pathy ordered as follows: 1. That the President's definition of the words "Regular" and " Irregular," as applied to schools and practitioners of medicine, be adopted by this Institute as correct. 2. That hereafter this definition be conspicuously printed in all published documents and Transactions of this Institute, in order that the profession, of all schools, may the sooner be familiarized with, and led to adopt it. "A REGULAR PhYSICLAN.—A graduate of a regularly char- tered medical college. The term also applies to a person practicing the healing art in accordance with the laws of the country in which he resides." See Transactions of 1881, pp. 23, 68 and 71. CONTENTS. Preliminary Session. page Address by Hon. C. C. Bonney,.......... 17 Address by Mrs. Charles Henrotin,.........20 Address by Dr. J. H. McClelland,.........22 Address by Dr. Julia Holmes Smith,.........23 Address by Dr. Alfred E. Hawkes..........26 Address by Dr. J. Cavendish Molson,.........27 Address by Dr. Carl Bojanus,..........29 Address by Dr. P. C. Majumdar,..........30 Telegram from Dr. Theodore Kafka,.........32 Telegram from Dr. Alexander Villers,........32 Address by Eev.T.G. Milsted, D.D.,......... 32 Inaugural Address by Dr. J. S. Mitchell, Chairman of the Congress, . . 35 First Day's Session. Introduction of President Mitchell by Dr. I. T. Talbot, the Honorary Presi- dent, ..............47 Preparations for the Congress Described by President Mitchell, ... 47 Rules and Order of Business Adopted, . . . ".....48 Address by Dr. William Tod Helmuth on " Surgery in the Homoeopathic School,".............49 Discussion on "Surgery in the Homoeopathic School," . . . . 65 Address by Dr. Richard Hughes on "The Further Improvement of Our Materia Medica,"...........69 Discussion on " The Further Improvement of Our Materia Medica," . 74 Address by Dr. F. Parke Lewis on " The Value of Specialties in Medicine," . 82 Meeting of the Section in Surgery,.........91 Second Day's Session. Report on Foreign Correspondence; by Dr. W. A. Dunn, Secretary, . . 91 Discussion on "The Value of Specialties in Medicine," .... 93 Address by Dr. J. P. Dake on "The Future of Homoeopathy," ... 94 Discussion on "The Future of Homoeopathy,"......105 Address by Dr. I. Tisdale Talbot on " Medical Education in the Homoeo- pathic Hospitals and Colleges of the United States," .... 108 Discussion on "Medical Education in the United States," . . . . 114 Address by Dr. Alexander Villers on the "History of Homoeopathy in Ger- many," ............. 117 Discussion on " Homoeopathy in Germany," ...... 123 Meetings of the Sections in Surgery and in Ophthalmology, etc., . . . 123 Third Day's Session. Address by Dr. T. F. Allen on " The Selection of the Homoeopathic Remedy," 125 Discussion on "1 he Selection of the Homoeopathic Remedy," . . . 131 IV CONTENTS. PAGE Address by Dr. R. Ludlaru on "Homoeopathy and the Public Health," . . 136 Discussion on "Homoeopathy and the Public Health," .... 143 Address by Dr. Alfred E. Hawkes on " Homoeopathy in Great Britain," . . 148 Greetings to the World's Congress from Dr. R. E. Dudgeon, of London, Eng., with Presentation of a Copy of his new Translation of Hahnemann's Organon,..............151 Address by Dr. P. C. Majumdar on the "History of Homoeopathy in India," . 152 Address by Dr. Charles F. Fischer on " Honiceopathy in Australia," . . 159 Address by Dr. E. Vernon on the " Progress of Homoeopathy in Ontario," . 161 Address by Dr. J. Cavetdish Molson on " Homoeopathy in London, England," 163 Meetings of the Sections in Materia Medica and in Obstetrics, . . . 166 Fourth Day's Session. Address by Dr. David A. Strickler on "Comparative Vital Statistics—Hom- oeopathy vs. Allopathy,"..........167 Discussion on "Comparative Vital Statistics,"......1H9 Address by Dr. Martha A. Can field on "The Development of Medical Sci- ence through Homoeopathy,"......... 193 Discussion on "The Development of Me'ical Science through Homoeop- athy," .............204 Meetings of the Sections in Clinical Medicine and in Mental and Nervous Diseases,..............204 Fifth Day's Session. Resolutions of Thanks Adopted,..........205 Presentation of a Letter from Dr. Carlos Plata,...... . 205 Address by Dr. Carlos Plata on "Observations on Some of the Axioms, Aphorisms and Rules of Homoeopathy,"...... . 207 Meetings of the Section in Rhinology and Laryngology, and of the Section in Paedology,.............209 Adjournment of the Congress,......... . 209 Reports of the Sections. Report of the Section in Surgery—Minutes of the Sectional Meetings, . . 213 Sectional Address in "Surgery;" by W. B. Van Lennep, M.D., . . 215 " Ether or Chloroform ;" by Horace Packard, M.D., ..... 227 Discussion,............240 "Surgical Shock;" by T. L. McDonald, M.D.,......251 Discussion,............ 258 " A Contribution to Thoracic Surger j ;" by Henry L. Obetz, M.D., . 26.1 "Thoracoplasty;" by H. F. Biggar, M.D.........286 " Vivisection and Pulmonary Surgery;" by Walter F. Knoll, M.D.. . . 294 Discussion,............299 "The Treatment of Epilepsy, Idiocy and Allied Disorders by Cranial Excision and Incision;" by G. F. Shears, .VI.IX, .... 305 Discussion,............315 "A Report on Orificial Surgery, Including an Analysis of 10(70 Cases;" by E. H. Pratt, M.D.,.........324 Discussion,............343 CONTENTS. V PAGE Report of the Section in Ophthalmology and Otology—Minutes of the Sec- tional Meetings,...........347 Sectional Address; by A. B. Nortou, M.D.,.......349 "Ophthalmic Therapeutics;" by E. H. Linnell, M.D., . . . .357 Discussion.............368 "The Refraction of the Eye;" by Thomas M. Stewart, M.D., . . .376 Discussion,............391 "Ophthalmic Surgery;" by Elmer J. Bissell, M.D.,.....399 Discussion,............410 " The Study and Correction of Heterophoria ;" by Harold Wilson. M.D., 415 Discussion,............428 "The Efficacy of the Vibrometer in Applying Vibratory Massage in Aural Diseases;" by Henry F. Garey, M.D.,.....434 Discussion,..........• • 437 "The Homoeopathy of Aural Therapeutics;" by C. F. Sterling, M.D., . 444 Discussion,............449 "Aural Therapeutics;" by Henry C. Houghton, M.D., .... 451 "Some Recent Advancements in Otology;" by Howard F. Bellows, M.D., 457 Discussion,........• 464 "Ocular Reflex Neuroses;" by James A. Campbell, M.D., .... 467 Report of the Section in Gynaecology—Minutes of the Sectional Meetings, . 478 Sectional Address—"The Sine-qua-non ;" by O. S. Runnels, M.D., . . 480 "Homoeopathy in Gynaecology;" by L. A. Phillips, M.D., . . . .487 Discussion,............493 "Some of the Clinical Aspects of Septic Invasion ;" by Edward Blake, M.D., 501 Discussion,.............510 "The Relation of Surgery to Gynaecology," by Charles E. Walton, M.D., 512 Discussion,............516 "Plastic Surgery of the. Vagina;" by W. E. Green, M.D., .... 521 Discussion,...... ...... 528 "Caesarian Section;" by F F. Biggar, M.D.,......536 Discussion,............501 "Uterine Fibroids;" by John W. Streeter, M.D.,.....558 Discussion,..........• ■ 565 " Vaginal Hysterectomy;" by J. M. Lee, M.D.,......570 Discussion,............577 "Removal of the Entire Uterus, Together with the Appendages, for Uterine Fibroids;" by Homer I. Ostrom, M.D., .... 580 Discussion,............585 Report of the Section in Materia Medica—Minutes of the Sectional Meeting, 588 Sectional Address—"The Present Condition of the Homoeopathic Ma- teria Medica;" by A. C. Cowperthwaite, M.D., .....589 "A Study of Sepia, Pathological, Clinical and Comparative;" by A. L. Monroe, M.D.,...........594 Discussion,............597 "My Bryonia Day;" by Frank Kraft, M.D., ...... 601 Discussion,............607 "The Revival of Therapeutics;" by William E. Leonard. M.D., . . 608 Discussion,............°12 " Practical Psychology in its Relation to Pathogenesy;" by Eldridge C. Price, M.D., ...........615 Discussion,............621 vi CONTENTS. PAGE "Primary and Secondary Symptoms; or the Opposite Action of Large and Small Doses;" by Charles Mohr, M.D.,......625 "Phytolacca—Leaf, Fruit and Root.—The Value of Each;" by Robert Boocock, M.D.,............643 Report of the Section in Obstetrics—Minutes of the Sectional Meeting, . 649 Sectional Address ; by T. Griswold Conistock, M.D.......651 "Scarlatina in the Gestative and Puerperal States;" by John C. San- ders, M.D., . ..........663 Discussion.............666 " The Levator Ani as Related to Parturition;" by Henry E. Spalding, M.D.,.............671 "A Comparative Study of the Operative Procedures Applicable to the Commoner Varieties and Degrees of Pelvic Deformity;" by L. L. Danforth. M.D.,...........679 "The Rational Treatment of Certain Puerperal Disorders;" by George B. Peck, M.D.,...........691 Discussion,............693 "The Year's Progress in Obstetrics." by Sheldon Leavitt, M.D., . . 700 Discussion,............706 "Puerperal Fever;" by J. B. Gregg Custis, M.D.,.....709 "Puerperal Eclampsia;" by L. C. Grosvenor, M.D.,.....718 "Puerperal Insanity ;" by M. D. Youngman, M.D.,.....723 Discussion on Puerperal Disorders,.......726 "Some of the Diseases Preventing and Complicating Pregnancy;" by Henry C. Aldrich, M.D.,..........72H Report of the Section in Clinical Medicine—Minutes of the Sectional Meet- ing, ..............734 Sectional Address.—"Recent Discoveries in the Treatment of Disease by the Use of Disease-Products, and their Relations to Homoeopathy;" by Charles Gatchell, M.D.,.........736 " A Plea for Early Operation in Pleurisy with Effusion;" by J. Montfort Schley, M.D.,............746 " Prophylaxis in Cholera; " by B. N. Banerjee, M.D., .... 765 Discussion, ............ 767 "Cholera—Its Curative Treatment;" by P. C. Majumdar, M.D., . . 768 Discussion, ............ 780 "Some Observations on Neurasthenia and Its Treatment;" by Conrad Wesselhoeft, M.D............781 Discussion,............798 "Bright's Disease;" by P. Jousset, M.D.........803 Discussion,............819 " The Scientific Clinician;" by J. P. Sutherland, M.D., .... 825 Discussion,............830 "Biliousness ;" by F. H. Orme, M.D.,........833 "The Curative Action of Homoeopathic Remedies in Cases of Organic Disease of the Heart;" by John H.Clarke, M.D., . . . .838 " Moist Heat as a Therapeutic Agent;" by W. A. Edmonds, M.D., . . 851 "The Study of Homoeopathy as a Distinct and Commanding Department of Medicine;" by John C. Morgan, M.D.,......858 "The Homoeopathic Treatment of Tabes and Pseudo-Tabes;" by Alexan- der Villers, M D.............913 CONTENTS. vii PAGE Report of the Section in Mental and Nervous Diseases—Minutes of the Sec- tional Meeting,...........923 Sectional Address—"Recent Work and Progress in the Field of Psy- chology ;" by Selden H. Talcott, M.D.........925 "Psychiatry and the Homoeopathic Medical Colleges;" by N. Emmons Paine, M.D.,............937 "The Octave (Septenary) in Nature and in Man as the Key to Psy- chology ;" by J. D. Buck, M.D.,........945 " Puerperal Insanity;" by A. P. Williamson, M.D.,.....956 "The Causes of an increase in Melancholia;" by William Morris Butler, M.D.,.............963 " Some Statistical Facts Concerning Insanity;" by George Allen, M.D., • 969 Report of the Section fn Rhinology and Laryngology—Minutes of the Sec- tional Meeting,...........977 Sectional Address—" Recent Progress in Rhinology and Laryngology;" by Horace F. Ivins, M.D.,........979 Discussion,............991 "Nasal Epithelioma;" by Wesley A. Dunn, M.D.......993 Discussion, ......•••••• 997 " Malignant Growths in the Larynx ;" by H. F. Fisher, M.D.....999 Discussion,............1006 " New Suggestions in the Treatment of Constriction of the Oesophagus;" by D. G. Woodvine, M.D.,........1009 Discussion,............1015 "Massage in the Treatment of Nasal Stenosis;" by William Dulaney Thomas, M.D.,............1018 ■' The Treatment of Phthisis;" by Charles E. Jones, M.D., . . • 1020 " The Treatment of Chronic Rhinitis by the Homoeopath;" by Charles E. Teets, M.D.,...........1031 Discussion,............1038 "Nasal Surgery—Its Use and Its Limitations;" by Eugene L. Mann, M.D........... ... 1040 Report of the Section in Paedology—Minutes of the Sectional Meeting, . . 1044 Sectional Address in Paedology; by Emily V. Pardee, M.D., . . . 1046 "Pre-Natal Medication;" by Millie J. Chapman, M.D., .... 1050 Discussion,............1053 "Rachitis;" by Robert N. Tooker, M.D.........1059 Discussion, . . . . '.......1064 "The Awkward Gait of Children ;" by Sidney F. Wilcox, M.D., . . 1066 Discussion,............1068 "Contagion in Public Schools and its Prophylaxis;" by Lucy Chaloner Hill, M.D.,...........1°70 Discussion,............1074 "Some Notes upon Headache in Children ;" by Gerard Smith,M.R.C.S., 1076 Discussion,............l^a " Albuminuria in Children;" by Henry C. Aldrich, M.D., .... 1084 " The Treatment of Meningocele, Encephalocele and Hydrencephalocele by Means of a Collodion Cap ;" by J. Martine Kershaw. M.D., . . 1092 "Albuminuria in Children ;" by William W. Van Baun, M.D., . . 1094 Index to the volume,............1"97 / HISTORICAL NOTE. Soon after the organization of the Directory of the World's Co- lumbian Exposition, to be held in Chicago, 111., U. S. A., in 1893, it was suggested, that in order to make the Exposition complete, and the celebration adequate, the wonderful achievements of the new age, in science, literature, education, government, jurisprudence, morals, charity, religion, and other departments of human activity, should also be conspicuously displayed as the most effective means of in- creasing the fraternity, progress, prosperity and peace of mankind. It was therefore proposed that a series of World's Congresses for that purpose be held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, and the World's Congr^s Auxiliary was duly organized to promote the holding and success of such congresses. This organization was authorized and supported by the Exposition Man- agement, and approved by the United States Government. Ample audience rooms, with special facilities for sectional as well as general meetings, were provided by the Directory of the Fair in a magnifi- cent Art Building erected on the lake front. Upon the establishment of the World's Congress Auxiliary, as above mentioned, its President, Hon. C. C. Bonney, invited the Homoeopathic profession to hold an International Congress in Chi- cago during the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. A local Committee was appointed and an Advisory Council selected, composed of prominent representatives of the Homoeopathic school in all lands. Acceptances were received from nearly all these physicians, and the plan suggested for carrying out the enterprise was cordially endorsed. At the same time there was appointed a committee for a Congress of Women, but subsequently it was agreed to hold the two con- gresses together as one body. At the meeting of the American In- stitute of Homoeopathy held at Washington, D. C, in June, 1892, it was unanimously voted to hold its next session in Chicago, and in conjunction with the World's Congress; and instead of transacting its usual business, to devote its energies to the promotion of the sci- entific work and interests of the Congress. X HISTORICAL NOTE. At the request of the Local Committee, the Institute also appointed a committee of its own to act with the Local Committee in the inte- rests of the Congress. At a joint meeting of the Committees of the Congress and of the Institute and the Advisory Council, held in Washington City, there was appointed a committee consisting of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Congress and the President and Vice-President of the American Institute, to prepare a general plan for the Congress and to invite distinguished representatives of the Homoeopathic school to deliver addresses before it. The committees, after many meetings and consultations, decided upon the plans under which the Congress should be conducted, and the subjects and questions to which its consideration should be de- voted. They also secured the aid of those whose addresses, essays and discussions are herein presented. The title by which the con- vocation was to be known was " The World's Congress of Homoeo- pathic Physicians and Surgeons," and its papers and discussions were to be the property of the World's Congress Auxiliary. At the meeting of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, held in Chicago, 111., during the continuance of the Congress, it was urged that the publication of the papers of the Congress at an early day was much to be desired, and a question was raised as to the proba- bility of their early publication by the Congress Auxiliary. After a careful consideration of the subject, a motion was offered and adopted providing : " That the Executive and Publication Committee be empowered to confer with the authorities and officials of the Congress, and to act as circumstances shall permit and their own judgment shall dictate." Under the authority thus conferred, the Executive Committee of the Institute received the manuscripts of the Congress from its offi- cials, and ordered that they be published and copies distributed to all persons entitled to the Institute Transactions, and to all foreign physicians who had contributed to the success of the Congress. COMMITTEES OF THE WORLD'S CONGRESS OF HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. Appointed by the World's Congress Auxiliary. LOCAL COMMITTEES. Committee of the World's Congress Auxiliary on a Congress of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons. J. S. Mitchell, M.D., Chairman, R. Ludlam, M.D.. Vice-Chairman, W. A. Dunn, M.D., Secretary, R. N. Foster, M.D.. W. F. Knoll, M.D., T. S. Hoyne, M.D., J. R. Kippax, M.D., J. W. Streeter, M.D., T. C. Duncan, M.D., J. H. Buffum, M.D., A. K. Crawford, M.D.. L. D. Rogers, M.D., C. E. Fisher, M.D. Woman's Committee on Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery. Julia Holmes Smith, M.D., Chairman, Emma C. Geisse, M.D., Elizabeth McCracken, M.D., Vice- Isadore Green, M.D,, Chairman, Corresta T. Canfielc, M.D. Julia Ross Low, M.D., Isabella Hotchkiss, M.D. Committee of Arrangements. A. K. Crawford, M.D., Chairman, T. S. Hoyne, M.D., J. H. Buffum, M.D., E. A. McCracken, M.D., C. E. Fisher, M.D., C T. Canfield, M.D. Committee Appointed by t J. P. Dake, M.D., Chairman, A. C. Cowperthwaite, M.D., Bushrod W. James, M.D., T. Y. Kinne, M.D., . T. F. Allen, M.D., . I. T. Talbot. M.D., . F. H. Orme, M.D., . J. H. McClelland, M.D., C E. Fisher, M.D., . Millie J. Chapman, M.D., E. M. Kellogg, M.D., Thos. Franklin Smith, M.D Pemberton Dudley, M.D., T. M. Strong, M.D., \e American Institute of Homoeopathy. Nashville, Tenn. Chicago, 111. Philadelphia, Pa. Paterson, N. J. New York City. Boston, Mass. Atlanta, Ga. Pittsburgh, Pa. Chicago, 111. Pittsburgh, Pa. New York, N. Y. New Yor-k, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Boston, Mass. xii WORLD'S HOMOEOPATHIC CONGRESS. THE ADVISORY COUNCIL. Adolphus Gerstel, M.D, Fr. Klauber, M.D., . P. Jousset, M.D., A, Claude, M.D., R. E. Dudgeon, M.D.. J. J. Drysdale, M.D., Richard Hughes, M.D., . Ernest H. Stancomb, M.B.C.M., Alfred C. Pope, M.D., D. Dyce Brown, M.D., Alexander Villers, M.D., W. Albert Haupt, M.D., Th. Kafka, M.D., . C. Bojanus, M.D., B. N. Banerjee, M.D., . Theophilus Bruckner, M.D., Oscar Hansen, M.D., Joaquin Gonzalez, M.D., Tommaso Cigliani, M.D., ---Garcia, M.D., . W. R. Ray, M.D., Willis C. Hoover, M.D., G. Pompili, M.D., . Charles W. Clark, M.D., E. T. Adams, M.D.. . C. T. Campbell, M.D., G. E. Husband, M.D., Thomas Nichol, M.D., . George Logan, M.D., G. G. Gale, M.D., . J. J. Gaynor, M.D., . John Hall, M.D., F. R. Day, M.D., George Bollen, M.D., F. F. De Derky, M.D., . William E. Green, M.D., Hugo R. Arndt, M.D., George E. Davis, M D., . Eugene F. Storke, M.D., Benjamin H. Cheney, M.D., Joseph Paul Lukens, M.D., Franklin A. Gardner, M.D Tullio S. Verdi, M.D., . Henry R. Stout, M.D., . Francis H. Orme, M.D., . 0, S. Runnels, M.D., Allen C. Cowperthwaite, M.D., Peter Diederick, M.D.,. Foreign American. Vienna, Austria. Vienna, Austria. Paris, France. Paris, France. London, England. Liverpool, England. Brighton, England. Southampton, England. Grantham, England. London, England. Dresden, Germany. Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany. Carlsbad, Germany. Moscow, Russia. Calcutta, Ind. Basle, Switzerland. Copenhagen, Denmark. City of Mexico. Rome. Montevideo. Melbourne, Australia. Iquique, Chili, S. A. Rome, Italy. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Can. Toronto, Can. London, Can. Hamilton, Can. Montreal, Can. Ottawa, Kan, Quebec, Can. St. John's, Can. Vancouver. Honolulu, S. I. South Australia. Mobile, Ala. Little Rock, Ark. San Diego, Cal. San Francisco, Cal. Denver, Colo. New Haven, Conn. Wilmington, Del. N. W., Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. Jacksonville, Fla. Atlanta, Ga. Indianapolis, Ind. Chicago, 111. Kansas City, Kan. COMMITTEES. Xlll Andrew L. Monroe, M.D., W. H. Holcombe, M.D., . Rufus Shackfobd, M.D., F. C. Drane, M.D., . John Preston Sutherland, M.D I. Tisdale Talbot, M.D., Conrad Wesselhoeft, M.D Henry C. Obetz, M.D., . Charles Gatchell, M.D.. Chester G. Higbee, M.D., H. W. Brazie, M.D.,. James Campbell, M.D., . T. G. Comstock, M.D., Moses T. Runnels, M.D., Charles S. W. Thompson, M.D., William Henry Hanchett, M.D Ezekiel Morrill, M.D.,. Theodore Y. Kinne, M.D., Timothy F, Allen, M.D., Asa S. Couch, M.D., . William Tod Helmuth, M.D Edwin M. Kellogg, M.D., Horace'M. Paine, M.D., Thos. Franklin Smith, M.D A. R. Wright, M.D., Samuel W. Rutledge, M.D., T.C.Bradford, M.D, . D. H. Beckwith, M.D., . J. D. Buck, M.D, H. F. Biggar, M.D., . John C. Sanders, M.D, . C. J. Jones, M.D, . Ammi S. Nichols, M.D, . Thomas L. Bradford, M.D, John C. Burgher, M.D, . Pemberton Dudley, M.D, A. R. Thomas, M.D.,. Bushrod W. James, M.D, J. H. McClelland, M.D, George B. Peck, M.D, . James S. Bell, M.D, Owen B. Gause, M.D, Jabez P. Dake, M.D, Charles E. Fisher, M.D, H. H. Crippen, M.D, Henry E. Parker, M.D, Frank P. Webster, M.D, Charles V. Young, M.D, H. B. Bagley, M.D, Oscar W. Carlson, M.D, Austin Frederick Olmstead, M.D Lewis Sherman, M.D, . Louisville, Ky. New Orleans, La. Portland, Me. Baltimore, Aid. Boston, Mass Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Detroit, Mich. Ann Arbor, Mich. St, Paul, Minn. Minneapolis, Minn. St. Louis, Mo. St, Louis, Mo. Kansas City, Mo. Helena, Alont. Omaha, Neb. Concord, N. H. Paterson, N. J. New York City. Fredonia, N. Y. New York City. New \"ork City. Albany, N. Y. New York City. Buffalo, N. Y. Grand Forks, N. D. Cincinnati, O. Cleveland, O. Cincinnati, O. Cleveland, O. Cleveland, 0. Cleveland, 0, Portland, Ore. Philadelphia, Pa, Pittsburgh, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. Providence, R. I. Canton, S. D. Aiken, S.C. Nashville, Tenn. Chicago, 111. Salt Lake City, Utah. Barre, Vt. Norfolk, Va. Lynchburg, Va. Seattle, Wash. Alilwaukee, Wis. Green Bay, Wis. Milwaukee, Wis. XIV WORLD'S HOMOEOPATHIC CONGRESS. Woman'8 Cotmcil Susan A. Edson, M.D, . Harriet J. Sartain, M.D, . Prof. Adaline B. Church, M.D, Prof. Sarah E. Sherman, M.D, Emily V. Pardee, M.D, . Millie J. Chapman, M.D, Mrs. H. Tyler Wilcox, M.D, Anna H. Warren, M.D, . Genevieve Tucker, M.D, Nellie R. Harris, M.D, . Julia. C. Jump, M.D, Sarah Hicks, M.D, . Sarah J. Millsop, M.D, . Margaret L. Sabin, M.D, Gertrude Gooding, M.D, Lizzie G. Gutherz, M.D, Adele S. Hutchison, M.D, . Flora B. Brewster, M.D, Alice Burritt, M.D, Pauline Emerson Canfield, M.D Catharine Parsons, M.D, Washington, I). C. Philadelphia, Pa. Boston, Mass. Salem, Mass. South Norwalk, Conn. Pittsburgh, Pa. Eureka Springs, Ark. Dennison, Tex. Pueblo, Colo. Des Moines, la. Oberlin, O. Atlanta, Ga. Bowling Green, Ky. Lincoln, Neb. Bristol, R. I. St. Louis, Mo. Minneapolis Minn. Baltimore, Md. Oakland, Cal. Kansas City, Mo. Cleveland, O. ORGANIZATION. Hon. C. C. Bonney, President of the 1 World's Congress Auxiliary > Mrs. Potter Palmer, President of the Woman's ) Branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary. J Honorary Presidents. Richard Hughes, M.D, President ) International Congress of 1881, J I. T. Talbot, M.D, President Inter- J national Congress of 1891, J President. J. S. Mitchell, M.D......... Vice-Presidents. R. Ludlam, M.D,........ Julia Holmes Smith, M.D,...... Honorary Vice-Presidents. J. H. McClelland, M.D, President Ameri-) can Institute of Homoeopathy, i Galley Blackley, M.D, President British Homoeopathic Society. E. A. Rushmore, M.D, President International Hahnemannian Society. And Presidents and Ex-Presidents of all other National Homoeopathic Societies. Secretary. W. A. Dunn, M.D,........ % Chicago, 111 Chicago, 111. Chicago, 111. Brighton, Eng. Boston, Mass. Chicago, 111. Chicago, 111. Chicago, 111. Pittsburgh, Pa. COMMITTEES. XV Honorary Secretary. Pemberton Dudley, M.D, secretary Ameri-) Philadelphia Pa can Institute of Homoeopathy, > Secretary World's Congress Auxiliary. Clarence E. Young,....... Chicago. 111. Recording Secretary. T. M. Strong, M.D......... Boston, Mass. Chairman Committee of Registration and Statistics. T. Franklin Smith, M.D ,...... New York, N. Y. Chairman Committee on Foreign Correspondence. Wesley A. Dunn, M.D,....... Chicago, 111. SECTIONS. Surgery. Wm. B. Van Lennep, M.D, Chairman, .... Philadelphia, Pa. Gynecology. O. S. Runnels, M.D, Chairman,..... Indianapolis, Ind. Ophthalmology and Otology. A. B. Norton, M.D, Chairman...... New York, N.Y. Materia Medica. A. C. Cowperthwaite, M.D, Chairman, . . . Chicago, 111. Obstetrics. T. Griswold Comstock, M.D, Chairman, ... St. Louis, Mo. Clinical Medicine. Charles Gatchell, M.D, Chairman, . . . Ann Arbor, Mich. Mental and Nervous Diseases. Selden H. Talcott,.M.D, Chairman, . . . Middletown, N. Y. Rhinology and Laryngology. Horace F. Ivins, M.D, Chairman..... Philadelphia, Pa. Psedology. Emily V. Pardee, Chairman,.....South Norwalk, Conn. Committee on Business. T. Y. Kinne, M.D, Chairman...... Paterson, N. J. I. T. Talbot, M.D.......... Boston, Mass. C. G. Higbee, M.D,....... St. Paul, Minn. D. H. Beckwith, M.D,....... Cleveland, O. Committee on Resolutions. J. P. Dake, M.D, Chairman,...... Nashville, Tenn. Bushrod W. James, M.D, •..... Philadelphia. Pa. O. S. Runnels, M.D,....... Indianapolis, Ind. R. Ludlam, M D.......... Chicago, 111. J. A. Albertson, M.D,....... San Francisco, Cal. RULES OF ORDER. 1. All Homoeopathic physicians attending the Congress shall have equal rights as members. 2. The President shall appoint and announce at the first session of the convention, committees on business and on resolutions, of five members each. 3. The Committee on Business shall consider and report such measures as it may deem necessary for promoting and expediting the work of the Congress. 4. The Committee on Resolutions shall consider the subject-mat- ter of resolutions and all other business that may be submitted to it, and shall report thereon at such times as the Congress may direct. 5. Addresses, except that of the President, shall not occupy more than thirty minutes in their delivery, and papers in each section not more than twenty minutes, except by general consent of the conven- tion. 6. Members, announced by the President to lead in discussions, shall not occupy more than ten minutes. Other members partici- pating in the discussion shall not consume more than five minutes. No member shall speak more than once upon any subject under dis- cussion. The author of the paper shall have the privilege of closing the discussion thereon. Debate on any single subject shall be lim- ited to one hour. 7. Presentation of reports on the condition and progress of Hom- oeopathy in foreign States and countries shall be limited to twenty minutes each. 8. Resolutions and motions having the effect of resolutions shall be read and referred to the Committee on Resolutions for acceptance. They shall be open for discussion when reported back by the com- mittee. 9. Reports and recommendations from the Committee on Business shall be first in order at the opening of each morning session. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS. Chicago, III., May 29, 1893. The World's Congress of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons assembled in the "Hall of Washington," in the Art Institute at eight o'clock p.m. The officers of the World's Congress Auxiliary, and of the Con- gress of Homoeopathy, and also the officers of the American Insti- tute of Homoeopathy, occupied seats upon the platform, together with several delegates to the Congress from foreign countries. The large auditorium was well filled by physicians and their friends. The meeting was called to order by Hon. C. C. Bonney, Presi- dent of the World's Congress Auxiliary, and at his request, Rev. T. G. Milsted, chaplain of the organization, led the audience, in prayer,. which was followed by President Bonney's Opening Address. It is what Mr. Milsted's predecessor, the beloved Robert Collyer, would call the simple truth, that the present occasion is the most interesting and in some respects the most noteworthy event of the history of Homoeopathic medicine and surgery. In every part of the world in which this body of the medical profession exists, the hearts of its members are turned towards this Art Palace to-night, with earnest wishes for the most brilliant and satisfactory success. Many are here to participate in these ceremonies, but for every one who honors them by his presence there are many hundreds who wish they were here, and who, though absent in body are yet with us in their hearts. Homoeopathy represents in the medical world that which may be designated—borrowing and slightly paraphrasing a phrase from the new movement in literature in our kindred republic of France—as the spiritualization of thought in the world of medicine. Entering the medical world at a time when it was in many 2 18 WORLD'S H0MO20PATHIC CONGRESS. marked respects different from what it is to-day, Homoeopathy seemed, to the casual observer, to be working the most miraculous cures with nothing ! It was so startling in its claims and the re- sults were so marked when tested by the logic of statistics, that the advent of Homoeopathy into the world of medicine presently stimu- lated a new and zealous inquiry on the part of thoughtful medical minds into the mysteries and principles of the science and the art of medicine. This Homoeopathic movement emphasized, as nothing else had ever done before, and as nothing has done since, the marvellous medical power of nature. It immediately set the medical world to thinking that if agencies so delicate and subtle that they could neither be weighed nor measured ; neither felt nor heard, could do so much, there must be something deeper in the science of medicine than they had heretofore discovered; and to-day it is not my voice nor the voice of Homoeopathic physicians only, but also the voices of distinguished members of the general profession of medicine and surgery—as the presiding officer of this Congress heard in my pres- ence the other day—which declare that of all the blessings which the general profession of medicine and surgery has received, those derived from Homoeopathy are easily first and most useful. This is said, not in a spirit of rivalry, much less in a spirit of censure, but it is in the spirit of utmost cordiality, and brotherhood. For I can testify on this occasion, that of the persons instrumental in promoting the organization of this Congress, some were members, not of the Homoeopathic, but of the general profession of medicine and surgery. The immense influence exerted by the Homoeopathic School of medicine and surgery on the general profession, did not end its in- fluence there. It exerted at the same time a tremendous influence on the mind of patients, and on public opinion generally. It awak- ened curiosity ; it stimulated investigation; it excited research, and the result has been of the greatest benefit to physicians and surgeons the whole world over, without distinction of school. This agitation has produced an intelligent class of patients. No physician can deal most successfully with disease, without the co-operation of an intelli- gent patient. Ignorance stands the greatest barrier in the way of the success of the intelligent physician and surgeon. To overcome that ignorance; to substitute for it a general appreciation of the ADDRESSES. 19 nature of the work to be done, a willingness in the heart of the patient to co-operate with his physician, is, as every wise physician and surgeon knows, of immense importance to the desired cure. We do not seek, the medical profession does not desire, that every one should become his own doctor any more than that every one should become his own blacksmith, his own tailor, his own dry- goods merchant, his own railway carrier. But only that patients shall be possessed of that degree of intelligence which will enable them to co-operate understandingly with the efforts made in their behalf. The results of the influences to which I have referred in other fields have been to promote what did not exist fifty years ago at all in any school of a popular nature, the study of the general princi- ples of anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, which has now become common all over the land. To know something of the laws of life and health ; to have some intelligent understanding of the structure of that most wonderful of all creations, the human body; to have some knowledge of the rules which must be obeyed if health would be preserved; to know something of the conditions under which great toil can be endured and the system yet not break down ; these are things which every intelligent physician and surgeon to-day desires to have known by the whole body of the people. The organization of the World's Congresses of 1893 has been effected by local Committees of Organization, one of men, and a cor- responding one of women. Recognizing the fitness of the advent of women into so many new fields of usefulness and honor, the World's Congress Auxiliary in cases proper for the participation of women has appointed a committee to co-operate in the organization of the Congress with the corresponding committee of men. The two local committees which had the organization of this Congress in charge are represented respectively by Dr. J. S. Mitchell on the one hand and Dr. Julia Holmes Smith on the other. These local Committees of Organization however, could not undertake to organize a World's Congress on Medicine and Surgery without the co-operation of repre- sentative minds selected from all countries where the profession has been established. For this reason an Advisory Council consisting perhaps of a hundred or more of physicians and surgeons, located in different States and countries, was selected to constitute the non- resident branch of these committees of organization. 20 WORLD'S HOMOEOPATHIC CONGRESS. Medical organizations of the different States and countries were invited to appoint Committees of Co-operation, and act with these committees and Advisory Councils in perfecting the work. Nothing remains for me but to extend to you, as I now do, on behalf of the World's Congress Auxiliary, and on behalf of the authorities, municipal, State and National which have co-operated to this end, a most hearty and cordial welcome to the World's Con- gresses of 1893, especially to the World's Congress on Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery. It is also fitting that the representative of the Woman's Branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary should extend, in behalf of the women whom she represents, the women of all States and countries represented here, her own welcome on this occasion. I therefore have the honor of introducing to you Mrs. Charles Henrotin, who will now address you on behalf of the Woman's Branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary. Mrs. Charles Henrotin's Address. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: Dr. Julia Holmes Smith and her committee have kindly given me this opportunity to extend the welcome of the Woman's Branch to the gentlemen and ladies participating in this Congress, and I have been asked by them also to speak a few words on medical women, from the standpoint of an outsider. I shall carefully refrain from doing that; but I may, if you will bear with me, try to voice what appears to me to be the salient points of the participation of women in this Congress. This is the first time in the medical profession in which women have obtained an equal recognition in the deliberations of any con- gress. Being represented as they are by the Woman's Committee of the Woman's Branch of the World's Congress Auxiliary, which association is recognized by government, they are therefore taking part in the deliberations of a governmental congress. The congress of representative women which preceded this was a psean of praise as to what women had accomplished since the discovery of America, and also voicing their hopes for the future. But the truth of the matter is that women will be judged by the part which they will take in the series which is now inaugurated, because this series of congresses, commencing with the medical congresses, deals with specialized lines of light, as educational, industrial, professional, and it is along that line of specialization that modern life is tending. By their perception addresses. 21 and deliberations in these congresses, they will show on which points they are weak and on which they are strong ; and they will thus emphasize not only woman's attainments but also what she has done along the line of specialized effort; and in this modern civilization, if women hope to compete at all, it is very necessary that they realize their position in this way. There must be some cause for the few women's names which ap- pear on this programme. I leave it for the women participating in the Congress to say what. Is it because they so largely devote their professional efforts to practice among women and children, or do they, when they graduate, give up their studies, contenting themselves with a fair practice and without making their profession the love of their lives as well as the means of earning their daily livelihood ? This generous recognition of women in the profession, as shown by these congresses, should be the greatest incentive to them to prove themselves to be worthy of it, and to demonstrate their fitness to take an equal position with their brother physicians. It may be, however, that the future of the professions will prove that the love of the exact sciences is not ours, but that we will take up rather the general practice underlying the home, the perfection of medical appliances, the trained nurses, thus bringing into the profession the practical details on which depend after all half the success of the physician. With all modesty, I leave these suggestions to the women taking part in the deliberations of the Congress, and I reiterate my wel- come to you, ladies and gentlemen. Mr. Bonney: With a patience, skill, energy and devotion to duty worthy of the highest praise, Dr. J. S. Mitchell, Chairman of the General Committee of Organization of this Congress, has pur- sued the labor of organizing it during the past three years. I have now the pleasure and honor to present to you, as the presiding officer of this Congress, Dr. J. S. Mitchell, of Chicago. Dr. Mitchell, on taking the chair, was greeted with hearty ap- plause. He said: Ladies and Gentlemen: I take pleasure in introducing, as the next speaker, Dr. James H. McClelland, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, President of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, the oldest national medical association in the United States. 22 WORLD'S HOMOEOPATHIC CONGRESS. Address of Dr. J. H. McClelland. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the Congress: It affords me very great pleasure indeed to represent the American Institute of Homoeopathy on this occasion, and to add my words of welcome to those who have preceded me. You will all agree that. our grateful acknowledgments are due to President Bonney and to President Palmer and her able coadjutor, Mrs. Henrotin, God bless them, that we have an opportunity, in these series of scientific con- gresses that have been inaugurated as a conspicuous feature of the sublime demonstration that will go into history as the Columbian Exposition. That there has been a most liberal expenditure of time and labor and money to complete the arrangements for this Congress, we well know, and the committees represented by Dr. J. S. Mitchell and Mrs. Julia Holmes Smith—God bless her too— merit our unqualified thanks. The work has been well and truly done. This Congress, unlike previous ones of our school, has been con- vened under the auspices and fostering care of the World's Congress Auxiliary ; yet the American Institute of Homoeopathy maintains a cordial interest in its welfare, as the parent organization. This in- terest is further manifested by its adjourning over its scientific work until next year, that all efforts might be concentrated upon the work of the Congress. Under the auspices of our national body, which, many of you know, is the oldest medical association in this country, now entering its fiftieth year, there was held the memorable Con- gress of 1876, under the leadership of the immortal Dunham. Three others have been held since, the last under the leadership of that leader of men, Dr. I. Tisdale Talbot, which achieved even greater success than the gathering of 1876. We now inaugurate the Columbian Congress of 1893, and are gathered this evening under auspices most fair and auspicious, under an official patronage and fostering care of which we feel justly proud. We take our place in a line of scientific congresses unequalled in the world's history, and from which will flow results far reaching and of great good to mankind. This Congress, let me suggest, stands for more than a report upon the medical sciences in general, great and important as they are. It stands for a reformation in the science of therapeutics more far reach- ing and important than any of ancient or modern times. While ADDRESSES. 23 this great Exposition represents the advance in every branch of human knowledge since Columbus touched our shores, four hundred years ago, this Congress will, in some measure, show forth the ad- vance in medicine since Hahnemann, our veritable Columbus, made his discoveries a single century ago. And I am not overstating when I say the changes are equally great. The world, indeed, owes more than it can ever repay to that great and good man whose mighty genius brought about this great reformation. I noticed in that imperial dome, which this wonderful people have erected in that white city by the lake, inscribed the names of such medical heroes as Hippocrates and Galen and Harvey and Hunter and so on, but the name most worthy to occupy a conspicuous place in that line of worthies was that of Samuel Hahnemann; and, my friends, the time is ripe when suitable memorials should be erected to his memory. Not only in the interest of the governing princi- ples alluded to, however, are Ave assembled here this evening, but for the advancement of each and every branch of our beloved art; and we commit this great task to the Congress now assembled with great confidence. It is, therefore, with the greatest good-will that the American Institute on this occasion gives place to the World's Con- gress, and joins in the voice of welcome which flows in such generous measure here to-night. The Chairman : It is well known that these congresses have been conducted by the united and harmonious labor of men and women. I now introduce Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, who has worked so effectually as the Chairman of the Woman's Congress. Address of Dr. Julia Holmes Smith. Mr. Chairman, Members of the American Institute and Men and Women Who are Interested in What is Going on Here: I come to greet you, and I come to thank you for your presence, because that presence means your interest, and I come to bespeak in your behalf a charity. A charity for what? For the minority. My chief, Mrs. Henrotin, has said to-night she was surprised to see so few names of women on the programme. Will you tell me why? Mrs. Henrotin is not a doctor. She does not know, she has never thought of the dark days, and the anxious nights, and the hard work and the earnest toil and the great discouragement and the intense oppo- sition that we have had from our associates, from the men who take 24 world's homoeopathic congress. care of us, from the men who love us, from the men who thought we were most charming, and from the men who did not wish us to do anything else but to be sweet. Now that is a fact, and that is the only trouble that there are so few names on the programme. We had rather stay at home—the majority of us. We had rather be taken care of—the majority of us. We had rather do nothing at all but be what most of the men who love us wish us to be. It means a great deal when a girl says, I will be a scientist, I will be a doctor, I will be a chemist, I will be as Dr. Talbot's daugh- ter has said she would be—a professor of coal economics. It means putting aside a lot of nice things—oh, so many nice things! It means the sacrifice of so much—so much that we women love, and it means a regular travelling on to a Gethsemane, and it does not unfrequently happen that that Gethsemane ends in Calvary, because a woman's ambition killed is a woman crucified. Now, you can feel that yourselves, and you know that yourselves, you men and women who listen to me to-night. That is why, Mrs. Henrotin, there are few names on the programme to-night. It means much to us. This century, this woman's century, this century in which woman has had her apotheosis, and the apotheosis has been right here, in the city by the lake, in this new and unknown city, in the city which fifty years ago was almost a wilderness,—in this city women have had—what? The recognition we have here to- night from my peers. They have not had it before, and that is the reason why we have so few women's names on the programme. We are rejoicing; and we are indebted to America, we are indebted to this Congress, we are indebted to this nation, we are indebted to the representatives of this nation, as we have them here in Mr. Bonney and Mr. Henrotin, that we women have an opportunity to say what we think here, to be what we please here, and to tell you what I am telling you now, the reason why there are so few women's names on the programme. It is not for lack of ambition or study, but for lack of opportunity heretofore, and which now is open to us. This is our opportunity. This is what we have been waiting for, and when we have the leadership of a woman like this, a woman who is ready to say go, and to hold up the hands and the heels of the woman who is going, because some of the most beautiful pictures in the World's Exposition are of women who are flying along, their arms outstretched and their feet in the air, because of her ambition, addresses. 25 earnestly, eagerly, patiently, painstakingly, going on and on; and only God knows where she will succeed, if you will only not put weights on her heels. There ewe few names on the programme; but it is the fault of the past. If it ever happens—and please God, Mrs. Henrotin, in your time and mine it will—that we have another World's Congress in Chicago, or anywhere under heaven, there will be many a name, so many that the woman's congress—which we had just a little while ago, and whose badge I wear now, the confederated congress of women—will be a petty thing compared to what we shall have then, in our time and in your time. Now, I wonder if there are doctors down here, women doctors, and I wonder if they know just exactly what I mean by these words? I wonder if they feel as I feel, that it is a lack of oppor- tunity? We mothers—Mrs. Henrotin has said it is the domestic practice in which we excel—we mothers sit by the fire and spin. We conserve the money that our husbands bring in, and we do not say, this is for Jane, and this for Harriet. What do we say ? John must go to college, and Harry must go into the navy; and so we save and we toil. Why ? Because of this intense domestic instinct. I would not give it up; not for one moment would I give it up; but it has been a disadvantage to all of us; and sometimes it is a question in my mind whether any mother has a right to be anything but a mother; and whether any wife has any right to be anything but a wife. I would consecrate the professions to women who are in love with the professions. I would consecrate ambition to women who are in love with ambition. I would have women married to the thing. I would educate my children to the thing, if those children had any sort of sentiment for it. It must be a love, it must be an enthusiasm, it must be a consecration; it may be a martyrdom, for we have no right to say to any man, take this part of a woman to be your wife. I am very doubtful, indeed, whether a woman can succeed as a physician, as a surgeon, as a chemist, if she rocks the cradle with her foot while she studies her anatomy. When you go into a medical school you must write your- self a doctor. I was an old woman when I began, so I did not have the temptation. Another point, and it is a very serious point, and a very impor- tant thing, that I have come to say to-night, because this may be the 26 world's homoeopathic congress. last time that I will ever talk at a world's congress, and I want to have my opportunity: Have women failed ? Have they really failed? Have they never been surgeons? Have they never been alienists? Have they never been chemists? Have they never been biologists? Is there no woman anywhere of whom we can say, she is a great woman in this line? I know a woman, of whom I spoke the other night in the Women's Congress, who is now in an important position in the Chicago University; Emily Nunn Whit- man. She is authority in biology, and all the scientific journals in America and Europe accept her contributions. She is typical. There are many others. I heard the other day of a young woman, a very young woman, who has not very many years seen the ink green on her diploma, who has been successful in ovariotomy and laparotomy. I know a woman, not very far from me, who does very good work in surgery, and we have name after name that we accept as authority. We teach our students the names of women who have discovered important matters and important methods in various branches of medicine and practice. We have not failed. We have done our best according to the opportunity that was given us, and we thank and bless and pray for all sorts of good things to come to the men who have given us that opportunity. The Chairman : I have the honor of introducing a distinguished representative of our school from abroad, Dr. A. E. Hawkes, of Liverpool, England, President-elect of the British Homoeopathic Congress. Address of Dr. Alfred E. Hawkes. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: I am exceedingly obliged to you for your kind reception of me as representing some of the Homoeopaths of my own country. I am exceedingly glad also to have had the opportunity of coming to see this great gathering of those interested in Homoeopathy. I come from the city of Liver- pool where fifty years ago the revered Dr. J. J. Drysdale, single- handed, fought the battle for the truth. One after another joined him until he became so strong in that city that some few years ago one of our greatest merchants, Henry Tait, offered to give us some twenty-five thousand pounds to build a hospital if the society of which I happened to be President, the Homoeopathic Medical Soci- ety of Liverpool, would carry on the work. That hospital was ADDRESSES. 27 built and is now in good working order, and we undertake any kind of work that turns up. I thank you for your kindness and I have only to say that Homoe- opathy is flourishing in Great Britain, or in the part of it with which I am familiar, and the question of medical women and their profession is being not very slowly settled. The Scotch examining board admit them, and they sometimes have to confess that the wo- men get more marks than the men. At Cambridge, as you know, Miss Fawcett obtained sufficient marks to head the head wrangler. Women are being examined in London by perhaps the stiffest ex- amining board in the whole world, possibly with the exception, as I am informed, of Vienna, and women there are gaining the highest honors that the University can give, and obtaining their degrees in medicine. I for one, wish the women Godspeed and I am quite sure that given fair play they will give a good account of themselves. My only further hope is that those women who graduate in medi- cine will turn their attention to Homoeopathy, which in so very many ways they are specially adapted to carry out. The Chairman then introduced Dr. J. Cavendish Molson, physi- cian of the London Homoeopathic Hospital, who addressed the meeting as follows : Address of Dr. J. Cavendish Molson. Ladies and Gentlemen: One of our great men on the other side of the water said years ago, " some men are born to greatness, other men achieve greatness while others have greatness thrust upon them." I come in under the third class. The President of the British Homoeopathic Society wrote to me only a few days ago ask- ing me if I would act as representative of that society at the World's Congress of Homoeopaths. Where shall I begin and what shall I say ? I arrived in New York the other day. I simply rushed through the city, and went on hurriedly by the great Pennsylvania Railroad. Everthing was new to me ; the four line track, the stupendous engines, the marvel- lous railway cars, with all their well furnished appointments. These things arrested my attention. I went on and paused and took full breath at Washington. What did I see there? Such a city as I have seen nowhere else. I have been north and south and east and finally I have come west, and the west eclipses all. 28 world's homoeopathic congress. Last year it was my pleasure to go to the summit of a continent, the North Cape, and there we were photographed by the light of the midnight sun. On arriving in America what has struck me most of all, next to the marvellous inventive genius displayed on every hand, is the cordial reception accorded to me. I have felt quite at home. In Washington one of the government officials placed him- self at our disposal and acted as our guide to your wonderful Ar- lington, and there spread out before us in panoramic beauty, lay your glorious capitol, with its beautiful obelisk in full view. When I arrived in this city the same welcome, the same kind- ness was extended to me as there, but I think I must say that I would rather live in Washington than in Chicago. I have been to the top of your Masonic Temple. It was a marvellous sight, but every man that could show a brick funnel seemed to vie with his neighbor to make the greatest smoke. If you ever have any clear days here, which way does the wind blow on those days ? I have no doubt I will get an answer to all these questions a little later. Then your fair White City came in view, with all its glorious assem- blage of domes and minarets. But, ladies and gentlemen, nothing has impressed me so much as this assemblage. We are here to-night to honor the genius of Samuel Hahnemann. I say his genius. When one goes out yonder they see there marvels of the inventive faculty of man, but do not think of Hahnemann as an inventive genius so much as a discoverer; and it seems to me that the discoveries of scientific men vie with the inventive faculty in man. Of all the dis- coveries potent for good, of all our philanthropic institutions is there one; yea I think I may throw down the gauntlet and challenge every man and woman here to mention one discovery which can be put on a par with the marvellous discovery of Samuel Hahnemann. One word in conclusion. On my return, of all that I shall have seen and heard, that which I shall wish most to convey to my col- leagues will be the kind and cordial reception which has been accorded to me all along the line. I have yet much to see before I return. The Chairman then introduced to the meeting Dr. C. Bojanus, of Samara, Russia, who addressed the Congress in his native language, a translation of which is here presented. addresses. 29 Address of Dr. Carl Bojanus. My honored brethren will permit me to call, in a few words, their attention to the following subject, which may prove useful to the welfare of humanity. Whilst working at my answers to the ques- tions which had been sent to me by the Committee of the World's Congress Auxiliary on Medico-Climatology, I involuntarily remem- bered what I had written myself about meteorological stations in my work, Homoeopathic Therapeutics Applied to Operative Surgery, published in Stuttgardt in 1880. The question to be answered in the programme of the Climatological Bureau was as follows: " What more can the weather bureaus do to aid climatologists and disseminate climatological knowledge ? " My answTer has been given in the article sent to Dr. Duncan. What was it, then, which put me in mind of what I had written fourteen years ago about a work of the late Dr. F. X. Horn, of Munich, entitled About the Produc- tion of Diseases Through Magnetic, Electric, and Atmospheric Influ- ences, a work which had been read by me with great interest in 1863? A most superficial look into the book will show at once its worth and its importance. I happened to hear that this was not the only work of Dr. Horn upon the subject. I tried to get the rest of his writings, but was informed that these works were all out of sale. I succeeded in getting, at an antiquarian's store, the first mentioned work of Dr. Horn, and I had the pleasure of giving it to Dr. Dun- can. During my last stay in Wiesbaden, this spring, I became acquainted with Dr. Erwein, of Mainz, a Homoeopathic physician, who had studied and graduated in the College of Philadelphia some years ago. He happened to have in his library the works of Dr. Horn, which I had tried to get in vain. They consist of three pamphlets: 1. "The Cholera is an Intoxication of Cyanic Acid, Ozone and Todosmon Miasma, Proved by Dr. F. X. Horn, Munich, 1874." 2. " About the Causes Which Call Forth an Individual Disposi- tion to Gain the Cholera, with Proofs Founded upon Magnetic and Electric Conditions." 3. " The Earth a Magnetic Pendulum. Proofs of the Causes of Cholera. Diminution of the Earth Magnetism a Second Important Agent for the Development of Cholera. Munich, 1874." It seems to me that just at the present moment it would be impor- tant to save from oblivion the works of Dr. Horn, and verify the • 30 world's homoeopathic congress. experiments and observations upon which he bases his opinion, that the constitution of the air and weather are the principal agents in the appearance of cholera. This is the reason which has induced me to propose this subject to the attention of the honored assembly of the North American Institute of Homoeopathy, with the request of having these pamphlets translated into English and .published. I have just heard that some parts of Dr. Horn's works have already been made known to the public by the late Dr. Constantine Hering. The last news in yesterday's papers, that the cholera is beginning to reappear in Europe, renders the moment still more appropriate for the study of these works, which may prove useful to the promotion of health and security. I will transmit these pamphlets to my honored colleague, Dr. Wes- selhoeft, of Boston, and will ask him to look over these pamphlets and communicate his opinion to the Institute. They have been lent to me by Dr. Erwein, with the condition of their being returned to him. Address of Dr. P. C. Majumdar. Dr. P. C. Majumdar, of Calcutta, India, was introduced, and ad- dressed the meeting as follows : Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: The honor you have done me is done to a country once civilized and intelligent, but we have nothing now to say about India. We have the country left, but not the former grandeur and magnificence. Our people never travel to foreign lands, and when I left Calcutta I was not acquainted at all with the lives and the manners of civilized people in different parts of the world. One thing that brought me here is the system of medi- cine introduced by the immortal Samuel Hahnemann, and I think the honor that you have done me in selecting me as the representa- tive of India is through the instrumentality of that great man the discoverer and the reformer of the medical science of the present day. We cannot boast of many Homoeopathic practitioners in our coun- try. I can count them on my fingers' ends. There are only a few who are practicing in some of the big cities of India. We have only about a dozen in the city of Calcutta, and about another dozen dis- tributed throughout the whole of so vast a country and so vast a population. In fact, you may say that it is like one drop in the ADDRESSES. 31 ocean. But we have our ancient medical literature and we have our ancient medical system to be invoked in my country at the present day. Though the Homoeopathic system of medicine has been intro- duced in India, still they cannot destroy the whole of the physicians who practice our system of medicine before the advent of the Euro- peans in that country, and that is the reason that we had a very good medical profession in ancient times. We are told that one of the gods is the promulgator of medical science in the world, and he took some poisonous substance into his body and made it a beautiful medicine. That is to say, he was not killed by that poison, but he became immortal, and he made that substance, which is the deadliest poison, one of the best medicines in the world. This, to my mind, shows the truth of what Hahnemann has said, that the deadliest poisons may be the best medicine if we can know how to prepare them and how to use them as medicinal substances. Arsenic, for instance, is one of the best medicines in Homoeopathy, but it is one of the deadliest poisons that we know of. Very recently we began to teach Homoeopathy in India. We have a school of medicine, and we have also established a Homoeo- pathic hospital only last year. I have no material facts to give you as to the brilliant prospects of Homoeopathy in India, but I wish to say that what we practice in India is pure Homoeopathy; that is, such as Hahnemann taught, the purest in the world. I am pained and grieved to see in some of the countries in Europe and here that there is a mixture of Homoeopathy with Allopathy ; but that thing cannot happen in our country. If we go to practice a little bit of Allopathy, we are discredited that we do not know anything about Homoeopathy. The people have great belief in the system of Homoeopathy, so when they require their treatment to be Homoeopathic, they want pure and true Hahnemann from begin- ning to end. We have very few books on Homoeopathy in India; that is to say, very few books written by my countrymen there in English or in foreign languages. We have recently done something about this literature of Homoeopathy in India by publishing a few books in our own language, and in this way we are trying to popularize Hom- oeopathy among the vast population of India, and I think some day 32 world's homoeopathic congress. we will be able to say that we have done much for the cause of Homoeopathy in that vast country. I thank you for your kindness and attention. The Chairman : I have to announce the following cablegram just received: "Dr. J. S. Mitchell, Chairman World's Congress of Homoeopa- thy : Greeting.—Theodore Kafka, Carlsbad, Germany." Also from Dr. Alexander Villers, of Dresden, Germany: " Regrets that I cannot be present at your meeting. I send best wishes for Congress and Homoeopathy." It is sometimes interesting to see ourselves as others see us, and I call upon our chaplain, Rev. T. G. Milsted, to address us. Address of Rev. T. G. Milsted, D.D. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, and Visiting Physicians of the Homozopathic Congress : There will be many subjects discussed in meetings held in this building during this week, but I choose as my subject for to-night what I think is the most interesting of all, namely, the doctors themselves. I have nothing to say this evening about the medicine part of this meeting. I am going to say a few words about the man part. The man part, I hold, is more impor- tant than the medicine part, for it is the man that can take the poison, to which our brother from India referred, and make it into medicine. You will hear this week about wonderful operations that can be performed and have been performed. How were they possi- ble? Through the man that did them? Now, in my profession, theology, the pill is everything. The pills are all made up for us, and all the minister has to do is to give them ; and it is heresy in my profession to attribute too much to the man. Everything must go to the theological pill. But I know that that is not heresy in the medical profession, where honor, when it is due to the man, is gladly rendered. A diploma cannot make a good physician. The physician, far from borrowing his honor from the diploma, lends it what it has. A bright child said that she could tell true jewels from false from the kind of people that wore them ; and so the diploma can be seen to be true or false according to the person that owns it, according to the name that is on it. A great French artist, when looking on a gathering of rather li- centious art students, said there were not half a dozen in all the addresses. 33 great assembly that would amount to anything, because, with all their technical skill, with their trained artistic ability, they had not the one great requisite for excellence in their profession, namely, character; that underneath all technical skill, underneath all smart- ness and ability, there was the deep substratum of life, character, out of which all good things proceed ; and that great scientific man, Huxley, has said, and Herbert Spencer has quoted with ap- proval the saying, " that the great discoveries in the scientific world have proceeded not so much from men of intellectual acumen as from men of deep religiousness of nature, from men of deep character." And so in the medical profession there must be such substratum of deep character for excellence. A newspaper editor once said to a minister who had had a good deal of advertising, " Mr. Smith, the newspapers made you." " Ah, in- deed," responded the minister, " make another." How great is the power of the press ! The newspapers can make and unmake a great deal, but I very much doubt, Mr. Chairman, whether even the newspapers can make a first-class physician. Great and good has been the character of the medical profession. The doctors, as a general thing, have been true to the great respon- sibilities placed in their hands. They have been faithful in the is- sues of life and death. They have kept the sacred trusts reposed upon them. In the literature of the Christian centuries the name by which the man of Nazareth, Jesus Christ, is often est called next to that of Good Shepherd, is the Good Physician, and that shows the regard which Christendom has for the physician. The physician is the friend of humanity. He is continually banishing suffering and disease. He is discovering the demons that men have feared in their own ailments and then in banishing those demons. The physician is finding out the laws of health and then giving their blessing unto men ; is finding out the laws and the forces of nature and applying them. Often, in the time of war, we are told that more men die in the hospital through the invisible foe than from the bullets on the field of battle; and if more are dying in the hospital in the time of war, how great we see is the harvest of death in the time of peace; and yet it is the doctors who are fighting for us this invisible form of disease. The doctors are also philanthropists. They are more than the mere friends of man—they are lovers of men. They are self-sacrificing where human interests are concerned. 3 34 world's homoeopathic congress. It was said by an old Latin poet: " Whatever is related to man is not foreign to me." Such is the substance of it, and it is said that in old Rome the plaudits used to ring whenever that sentiment was uttered in the theatre. Those words of that old Latin poet have been adopted as the motto of one of the colleges here repre- sented and not in Chicago. Now, of course, all the good we have to say of the doctors belongs to the ladies as well as to the gentlemen. Indeed, if the women in the medical profession have the same experience that some of the men have had, the men will have to look out for their laurels. There is a woman preacher in our town who is very much beloved by her people, and they wouldn't think of exchanging her for any man. It so happened that on one Sunday when she was out of her pulpit another woman preacher preached for her; but this visiting preacher was of a rather coarse and masculine nature, and when she had got through the people turned up their noses and said, " We don't want any more of her; she isn't much better than a man." Now, with all due respect to the ladies and with all good wishes for their success, may that fate be spared you gentlemen. There is a connection more or less plain between the profession of m medicine and that of theology. A great many people have gloomy views in general, and I think that springs from bodily ailments. A great many people think they are experiencing religion when they only have an attack of the dyspepsia. There is one church which in its Sunday service repeats every Sunday, " Good Lord deliver us." I think it would be a very good thing if they should say, and if it could be done, " Good Lord, reliver us." Then, I think their health would be very much better. In order that the doctors may always hold the high place in the future that they have in the past, progress is necessary. This is an age of progress whieh is just as possible in medicine as in nearlv every other walk of life; and the physician must be a broad man of wide culture and knowing many things. He must ever be going onward. He must not be afraid of new discoveries as a great many physicians were afraid of the new discovery of Hahnemann. He must not be like the hunter who turned back when he struck the trail of the bear, because it was too fresh. A great many people turn back just where they ought to go on and achieve success. I heard of an old professor who was very successful when lie started ADDRESSES. 35 out, but forty years afterwards his lecture-room was deserted, and he couldn't understand it, because his lectures he said, were just the same as they had been before. The medical profession has had its full share of those who have advanced, from the time of Harvey down through Hahnemann, to many within our own day, and the mere fact that you physicians are gathered together here from all parts of the civilized world shows how much you desire progress. Now I wish to say to all you who have corne from distances that we want you to stay with us a long time, we want to get acquainted with you and want you to get acquainted with us, and I have no doubt that when our brother from across the water is acquainted with us he will much rather to live here than in Washington. The Chairman, Dr. J. S. Mitchell, then delivered his inaugural address, as follows: Inaugural Address of J. S. Mitchell, M.D. Ladies and Gentlemen: When the proposition to hold a World's Congress of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons was first made by the World's Congress Auxiliary, it was felt by the Committee addressed to be a duty which it owed the profession, to see that proper arrangements were made for the holding of such a Congress. The plan included the selection of an advisory council, consisting of representative men in our school, of all lands. Correspondence with these demonstrated that the project met with cordial endorsement on the part of all. When at the meeting of the American Institute at Washington, D. C, in June, 1892, it was decided to hold the next session in connection with the World's Congress, its success was assured. It was hoped that the attractions of the great Exposition together with those of the Congress would bring no inconsiderable number of our distinguished foreign confreres. It has been learned that com- paratively few can be with us in person, but the responses to the re- quests of the committee for reports and scientific papers, have been hearty and extensive. Official and personal letters in large num- bers have been received, which will be submitted at a later period to the Convention by the Secretary. We are grateful to those who have honored us with their presence and extend a hearty welcome on the part of all connected with the Congress. 36 world's homoeopathic congress. We call attention specially to an interesting historic parallel: At the time of the Convention in 1876, the venerable widow of the illustrious founder of our school, then residing in Paris, sent to the Homoeopaths of the world, with her greeting, a bronze bust of Hahne- mann, cast from the marble one by David d'Anger which was affirmed to be a perfect likeness of that distinguished man. To- night we have upon this platform a model for an heroic statue of Hahnemann, to be erected at Washington, D. C, as soon as the necessary funds can be obtained, sent also from Paris, the scene of Hahnemann's latest triumphs. The 400th anniversary of the discovery of a new continent is being fittingly commemorated by many occasions, but among the most notable are those connected with the World's Congress Aux- iliary. Long after the grand and imposing architecture of the " White City " has faded from memory, long after the beautiful, the costly, the useful and attractive exhibits it enshrines have been for- gotten, the records of these gatherings of prominent men and women of all climes and shades of belief will endure. In the tomes that will be left in every public library in the civilized world will be inscribed the best thought of the ablest minds in all departments of human activity. It was a fine conception to bring together so many representative men and women at a time when the highest products of art are being exhibited. No occasion could be more fitting and none more likely to effect desirable results. There is no standard by which we can measure the work of such a convention as the one we inaugurate to-night. Its programme outlining the week's labors, by no means tells the whole story. . Its general meetings, at which addresses on topics of wide interest will be presented and calmly discussed, its sections in which papers on special subjects will be read and de- bated with a completeness that no other method offers, its committee meetings at which our most trained minds will quickly draw those conclusions which are fraught with the best interests of the cause— these indeed are the main features. But we must realize that there is always in gatherings of men and women of such large propor- tions as we now see, far more than can be estimated by actual re- sults. The casual remarks, the unspoken thoughts, the emulative spirit aroused, the constant interchange of views during interims, and that mental attrition which, though it gives immediately no addresses. 37 scintillation, yet at some time may electrify the world—aggregate in the end a train of forces from which, later, a universe gets the reflex. Most of the congresses that are to be held can boast of records ex- tending through a long series of years. Centuries sometimes count for but little in human thought. Medicine is as old as man. Charon taught his pupils in the recesses of a Thessalian grotto. To-day every civilized land has its medical colleges, and some of them are palaces of science. The school of.medicine which is represented here to-night has only eighty-three years of existence. During this brief period it has a history whose page is more attractive than any other in the development of medicine; whether we take the personal career of its illustrious founder, the records of the labors of his dis- ciples—often conducted under disadvantages and trials that would have appalled the stoutest hearts—or the results that have accrued to humanity in many lands through his teachings. The reform in medical practice inaugurated by Hahnemann, and which his followers have so successfully carried out to a fruition acknowledged even by the testimony of opponents, constitutes one of the world's epochs. Time is wanting, nor is the occasion opportune, for an adequate rfaume of Hahnemann's work or an enunciation of his principal tenets. But we may be pardoned for a glance at the record of our school; for an attempt to show the position it to-day occupies in the world of medicine and for a brief reference to its destiny. The first complete promulgation of Homoeopathy by the Organon, which has been termed the Bible of Medicine, was in the year 1810. Hahnemann, after his conception of its main truth, had devoted a number of years to long and patient study. His scientific spirit was sublime. He did not promulgate his law of cure until it had been tested by experiment and deduction to such an extent that his ad- mirers have always been amazed at his research. During fifteen years he proved on his own person more than sixty drugs, collated all the data concerning them, and then presented his views deduced from this long experience, tersely, logically and in har- mony with true scientific methods. Sir John Forbes, the acknowl- edged head of the English profession of medicine, who had no faith in Homoeopathy, had sufficient frankness to say in 1846, three years after the death of Hahnemann : " No candid observer of his actions, or candid reader of his writ- 38 world's homoeopathic congress. ings can hesitate to admit for a moment that he was a very extra- ordinary man—one whose name will descend to posterity as the exclusive excogitator and founder of an original system of medicine, as ingenious as many that preceded it, and destined probably to be the remote if not the immediate cause of more fundamental changes in the practice of the healing art than have resulted from any pro- mulgated since the days of Galen himself; .... he was undoubt- edly a man of genius and a scholar; a man of indefatigable industry and of dauntless energy." But all his contemporaries were not thus unprejudiced. The persecution of Hahnemann is one of those records of human experi- ence we would gladly blot from the page of history. It would be sad indeed to contemplate the life of a great reformer, even as late in the world's history as Hahnemann's day, did we not know that such noble souls are helped through their almost crushing trials by divine aid. The unpopularity, the danger, the ostracism endured is patiently, bravely, and almost cheerfully borne until the end, because such men are endowed with an heroic spirit that knows not depres- sion. The world has seen many heroes, but none so worthy of the immortality now assured, as that grand old man of medicine, Samuel Hahnemann. The early progress of Homoeopathy was slow. Like all great reforms it had to encounter opposition, ridicule, and derision. Its inherent strength enabled it to survive all these, and its growth was steady during the first years of its existence. A great reform is like a sea. It may be calm at any time, but at others its force is irre- sistible. A successful reform must recognize the evils of its day with perfect clearness, and seek their remedy with determination. It must stimulate thought and action upon the part of intelligent sup- porters. It must appeal to reason and invoke the aid of loo-ic. Our reform in medicine has fulfilled all these conditions. It is a marvel when we remember the short period the world has had before it this idea, that it now has its thousands of adherents its long list of associations that requires page after page of the Ameri- can Institute proceedings to enumerate and its millions of believers Even journalism claims to have been in existence since the days of Christ, although printing was not discovered until 1456. All the great reforms of the day will point through their advocates to periods dating from one to many centuries. We cannot even celebrate a ADDRESSES. 39 Centennial, and yet we are prepared to demonstrate that, measured by the amount of work accomplished, the benefit the world has received from Homoeopathy is incomparable. It has not alone been directly effected. Like all great reforms it permeates in more direc- tions than are manifest except by critical study. There is a reflex influence that extends to all classes of mankind. The modifications of existing parties which a new sect of any importance soon influences, is one of its most pronounced features, and one which oftentimes is not given due credit. No great idea was ever held by its adherents alone. The unconscious influence of Homoeopathy pervades many medical minds that would scorn to give it right expression. The silent thoughts of the people are woven into the mighty web of their existence. Since its firm establishment in America its progress has been in an ever increasing ratio. In 1876 the first World's Convention was held in Philadelphia at the time of the Centennial Exposition. In his inaugural address, the President stated that there were then 5000 physicians in the United States. Less than two decades after, at this assembling, we are able to assert that there are 12,000 in this country. This makes an army whose presence is not to be despised. In many other countries the growth of Homoeopathy has been remarkable, but it should be noted that in this land where freedom of thought and political action is most pronounced, its adherents are most numerous. It sometimes looks as though this country would profoundly influence the spread of Homoeopathy throughout the world. Even now the isles of the seas contain our physicians educated in this country. The papers to be read at this Congress from Australia and the Sandwich Islands are by graduates of American colleges. We do not undervalue the labors of our colleagues in other lands than our own, but the exist- ence of our twenty colleges gives us a mighty power. The steady gain in our ranks, the increase in the number of our colleges, hospitals, dispensaries and journals, has done much to bat- ter down the opposition formerly urged against us and to establish for Homoeopathy a position equal to that so long enjoyed by the dominant school. We are recognized by the Government of a great nation in the various departments of this great Exposition. We have Homoe- opathic headquarters on the Exposition grounds upon land assigned 40 world's homoeopathic congress. us by the Directory, which we dedicated with appropriate exercises to-day. We have a collective exhibit of our colleges and hospitals in the Government building, a special college exhibit in the Depart- ment of Liberal Arts; in the Woman's building an exhibit from the London Homceopathic Hospital, of the work of trained nurses, and a hospital under the charge of medical women of our faith ; and last, the recognition of our school by the World's Congress Auxiliary. When, however, we enumerate the whole list of our adherents, when we have fully announced our present status everywhere, we can truly say Homoeopathy is not then completely demonstrated. There is something majestic in the steady flow of a mighty river, but grander still is the unconscious influence it unceasingly exerts upon the ocean into which it pours its mighty waters. Steadily, almost imperceptibly, Homoeopathy has forced its way into all forms of medical belief—it has modified the practice of the Old School, com- pelled it to make its drug form more minute and palatable, and even to admit, in a guarded way, its cardinal truths. It ought to be stated in every such assemblage as this, in simple justice to the illustrious founder of our school, that he did not de- nounce medical science except as it related to his own teachings, and that he did not believe after his works were published, that the evo- lution of medicine would cease. Homoeopathy has stood the severest of all tests; that of time. Other medical faiths have usually perished with their founders. Herbert Spencer says: " The failure of Cromwell permanently to establish a new social condition, and the rapid revival of suppressed institutions and practices after his death, show how powerless is a monarch to change the type of the society he governs." Yet we see, fifty years after his death, the illustrious promulga- tor of this great medical reform still profoundly affecting the whole medical body politic, and accomplishing what a powerful ruler en- dowed with an iron will and sovereign ability could not. It is characteristic of genius that it possesses fulness. There is something wonderful in the works of the great men who have domi- ted the world of thought. The wisdom of Shakespeare shines just as clearly as it did when first enunciated. The lapse of time does not in the least dim its lustre. Milton's great epic is not yet excelled. The discoveries of Laennec in auscultation have received comparatively addresses. 41 few additions since his day. Hahnemann's reformation of medicine has had more influence upon practice in all schools than the combined results of the labors of all other discoverers in medicine. Who can predict, in the light of the wondrous growth of our cause since its first promulgation, what a few more decades will accomplish ? Time adds steadily to its laurels, to its influence and to its dissemination. Homoeopathy has passed the stage of discussion, of controversy, of argument; it is now a firmly established science. Do not confound it with arts and judge it by their standard'of progress. It is a long period since the Centennial in Art, but in Science scarcely a day. Centuries of use of such familiar drugs as quinia and morphia de- velop the fact that our opponents still differ as to their application. Hahnemann's inspiring spirit still rests upon his followers. Con- sider the work spent upon our Materia Medica. Science possesses few greater instances of human industry and research. Allen's Encyclopaedia and the Oyclopsedia of Drug Pathogenesis will long remain as the monuments of those who created them. The thought- ful of our faith realize the imperfections that still exist, but so far from bringing any discouragement, they are incentives to further work. Science is always fresh ; in whatever paths you travel it, it leads to new facts and thoughts. Therein is one of its charms to its devotees. There are always " new worlds to conquer." It is proof that our science is not perfect, that we are here to-night in grand convention assembled, to testify to this fact and to take measures for its further development. Those who grow impatient and think our pace too slow should meditate on the rules that gov- ern progress in all departments of human thought. Instead of being behind in the march of civilization, we are continually at the fore. No charge that it is a laggard can be truthfully directed against Homoeopathy. It has grown from a little band of students of therapeutics to a great school of medicine. In our deliberations this week we shall convene in nine sections, embracing all the main divis- ions of medical science and art; and complete as is this list, it would have been longer but for the fact that another Congress which em- braces climatology, meets this week under the chairmanship of a member of our school, and still later in the season, one on Public Health. At our first World's Congress in 1876, few papers on sur- gery were presented. But they were of high order and indicated that our School was progressive. We shall now, in the different 42 world's homoeopathic congress. sections have nearly the whole range of surgery covered. In the specialties in medicine we had little representation in 1876. To- day we have as skilled men in them all as may be found in any school; and the creation of a new one by one of our number, chal- lenges the profound attention of medical minds. Jorg, the German professor, in 1825 sought to controvert Homoe- opathy by secret experiments with his pupils. However, as will always be the case when a judicial scientific investigation is made, he only served to establish it on a firmer basis. Coming years, it is now clear, will bring—not only on our part, but that of our oppo- nents—the application of every new test to the demonstration of its law and corollaries that modern science and the evolution of medi- cine will originate. But its believers stand in no fear. Whatever modifications may be effected, we rest with sublime confidence in the view that its methods will, in the main, be, eventually, universally adopted. This is not simply a hope; it is a conclusion based upon premises that careful consideration will, we feel sure, deem valid. In the possession of the elements of every successful reform, in its firmer establishment after the death of its founder, in its marvellous growth, in the intelligence of the clientelage its practitioners secure, in its consonance with the rigid requirements of science, lie the deep foundations of our convictions. And there is an immense amount of work still to be done. Ma- caulay sums up the vicissitudes that attend the building up of a new science when he says: " The improvement of a science is gradual and slow\ Aces are spent in collecting the material, ages more in separating and assign- ing them, and even when a system has been formed there is still something to add, alter or reject. Every generation enjoys the use of the vast hoard bequeathed it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages." The development of any science being necessarily slow that of medicine presents almost insuperable obstacles. It is based on the collation of an immense amount of data. These refer not only to a most complex organization, but one constantly under varying con- ditions; hence deductions from them must necessarily be varied and uncertain. Yet, in spite of this, while subject in the main to these impediments, Homoeopathy has developed fast in the number of years it has been in existence. This is due to the fact that it has addresses. 43 steadily been ruled by law. Empiricism has not governed its progress. As one illustration of the labor before us, we may instance that recent advances in medical science involve a new outlining of Hom- oeopathic provings; it will, doubtless, be shown fully by the papers and debates during this week, that we shall now have to bring our distinctive work in relation to all new planes of thought and action. So vast is this undertaking that it will require separate colleges, with complete laboratories, for its successful culmination. Particularly is Homoeopathy in closer touch with that growing spirit in the profession—to give a larger attention to the unques- tioned source of a prominent part of all disease—the mind. It is on this very ground that Homoeopathy has won some of its proudest laurels. The success of our school in the State Insane Asylums at Middletown, N. Y.; at Westboro, Mass.; at Ionia, Mich.; at Fer- gus Falls, Minn., has induced California to lately place one in charge of a Homceopathic physician, and we trust will soon secure from the legislature of the State of Illinois another. Not matter, but mind, is to-day the world's new balance-wheel. Our School will have to devote its energies further in this department which promises such brilliant advances in our treatment of disease. The Homoeopath of to-day is far different from the believer of seventy-five years ago. He has kept pace with the development of medicine, he has added to his armamentaria every other effective method of cure, no door is shut to him, he recognizes the value of physiological therapeutics, and that they are governed by principles that are often strictly scientific. No one can claim to be a physician in its widest sense unless he is of liberal mind and accepts the whole of medical truth. But we are obliged to cling with tenacity to our organization, both to maintain our existence and to extend our views among people of every land. Our position as a sect was forced upon us by oppo- nents. We are only battling for the enthronement of the principles of our own faith. Medical liberty is as sacred as political or religious liberty. Every encroachment upon it must be faithfully and zealously resisted by those who are entrusted with its preservation. Webster said : " We must fight the germ of unjust power." It is 44 world's homoeopathic congress. our duty to fight not only the germ of medical intolerance, but its whole horde of chemical combinations. The profession of medicine has but one great stigma—the perse- cution of Homoeopathy. It steadily keeps passing retroactive laws that are the opprobrium of justice. Like many other sad pages of human history, most of this opposition is based on misunderstand- ing. With a better conception of what Homoeopathy is and of its aim, it is probable that many of the bars now separating the great schools of medicine would be broken down. It will only take a few more World's Congresses before this blot upon the fair escutcheon of a noble calling is forever wiped out. In all other directions the admiration and respect of the people of every land go out to the medical profession. It labors with an unselfish devotion to human interests to which the world furnishes few parallels. It lays down its life on the altar of duty. In the face of an epidemic from which even trained soldiers flee, it calmly and faithfully stands at its post. It shrinks from no risk which any exigency it may encounter neces- sitates. It sacrifices comfort, social life and recreation when human life is at stake. It brings light into all homes with its benign influence for every- thing good, for everything hopeful, for everything that can afford succor in time of distress. It is the comfort of the weary, the hope of the misanthrope, the deliverer of the sick and the rescuer from death. Will such a profession always manifest intolerance? We answer: No. Do you think me sanguine? Only last week, during a brief interview—and this incident so recently takino- place con- firms some points already made in this address—a prominent mem- ber of the Woman's Congress, the wife of an Old-School physician in a three minutes' speech, delivered one of the most eloquent though terse panegyrics on Homoeopathy, from the standpoint of a non-be- liever, ever made. It would have graced this platform. It was from the lips of an earnest, noble woman, whose name is known in every household where the sweetest of all things, charity is cul- tivated. We see the Hindoo, so widely differing from us in religion in manners, in customs and in dress, yet in that character alone in which no one thinks it an affront to be considered—as a man__our peer. Upon this same platform, will soon sit the representatives of ADDRESSES. 45 all religions, discussing on common grounds its cardinal truths. With the leveling of caste, the battering down of deep-rooted pre- judices, the development of the brotherhood of man, which such congresses will secure, it is fair to assume that eventually we shall have our school of medicine recognized by the whole profession. He is a shallow student, and a man of narrow mind, who sees only in his little circle all there is of truth. Even the blind groping of the savage heart is to be noted and directed; for, many times in its yearnings, there are hopes that we, who are so much more favored, might have fulfilled. Hahnemann was a full century in advance of his time. Had Homoeopathy been sprung upon the medical profession of to-day, it would have eagerly seized it and investigated it with a calm, judi- cial spirit never yet manifested. Bergeon's method, Koch's lymph, Brown-Sequard's elixir, and Organopathy, have had only brief and humiliating careers. In view of these, are we not justified in de- manding from our confreres of other schools a more critical, impartial investigation of Homoeopathy ? With effulgent light, in contrast to such uncertain methods, stands Homoeopathy, the science of Therapeutics. Hence its raison d'etre. The shafts of ridicule have not annulled its claims; the persecutions of former years only made more numerous its adherents; ostracism and proscriptive laws still more closely bind its followers, and weld them into so compact and determined a band that it is irresistible; for, however lacking in numbers it may be, the strongest force that moulds this world is a party of men with a righteous cause—a cause whose alpha and omega is truth. We care not, as Homoeopaths, what rigid scientific investigation may lop off—for much that is called Homoeopathy has little relation to its main truth. We stand serene in the face of any test that may be applied, in the light of the experience of the master and his thousands of followers who have, all these years, patiently delved in the mine whose golden depths he first laid open. The iconoclasm of the nineteenth century, which so ruthlessly tears down one after another of our cherished idols, has thus far only served to place Homoeopathy on more solid ground. It stands comparison with the more intricate development in other departments. Music has grown much more complicated; it has taught us to resolve discords into harmony, it has evolved higher 46 world's homoeopathic congress. coloring. Everything tends to be more subtle. Hence, we must have more artists in medicine ; men who can grasp fine points. We do not always get perfection, even in artists. They sometimes treat us to a faulty pose. We need not only artists, but artists of genius. Hahnemann was the first and greatest artist medicine has yet seen. He recognized the eternal fineness of everything human. In his abstraction from the crude and coarse, he was far in advance of his • . .... age; hence, medicine must yet come to him for inspiration. There are some of the profession who are much distressed because we are not agreed on all points. It is true, that wherever there is a difference it is likely to widen, but the different views which men hold often serve to make them more interesting, providing they manifest a tolerant spirit toward the opinions of others. Those who look for perfection will be continually doomed to disappoint- ment. There is no perfection except in an opening of new vistas. The higher the power of the microscope, the greater its revelations. The larger and finer the lens of the telescope, the more worlds it reveals. Homoeopathy stands pre-eminently fitted to adapt itself to the finer adjustments that are coming in all directions. It will blend with all valuable developments that the medicine of the future evolves, for its basis is truth. " Marble and recording brass decay, And like the graver's memory, pass away. The works of man inherit, as is just, Their author's frailty, and return to dust. But truth divine forever stands secure; Its head is guarded as its base is sure. • Fixed in the rolling flood of endless years The pillar of the eternal plan appears, The raging storm and dashing wave defies, Built by that architect who built the skies." The Congress then adjourned until 10 o'clock on Tuesday ing, May 30th. ADDRESSES. 47 SECOND DAY'S SESSION. Tuesday, May 30, 1893. The Congress reassembled at 10 o'clock. Dr. I. T. Talbot, of Boston, Mass., said: Members of the In- ternational Homceopathic Congress of Physicians and Surgeons, I am requested, as the honorary President of this body, to introduce to you, as the presiding officer of this Congress, one to whom we are indebted for the inception of the Congress and to whose labors we owe the successful manner in which it has been brought to this time—Dr. J. S. Mitchell, of Chicago. Dr. J. S. Mitchell: Ladies and Gentlemen: When the propo- sition for a World's Congress was first made to the local committee by President Bonney of the World's Congress Auxiliary it was de- cided that it would be wise for the Homceopathic profession of the world to avail itself of the invitation. The local committee imme- diately went to work and at the meeting of the American Institute at Washington it was decided by a committee appointed by the In- stitute, together with its Executive Committee, and by the Commit- tee of the Auxiliary Council, that a committee consisting of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the two congresses—men and women—and the President and Vice-President of the American Institute should constitute a Committee to appoint distinguished members of the profession to prepare addresses and to take charge of the different sections. This committee, after many meetings, set- tled upon the arrangement which you will find in the programmes before you. The committee of the American Institute and the Exe- cutive Committee, together with the Committees of the Congress, have labored during the year and a half that have elapsed since the first inception of the Congress. Some thirty thousand circulars have been sent throughout the world announcing the details of the Con- gress. The World's Congress Auxiliary sent to the ministers of our country in all lands official notification of the manner in which the work was to be conducted, with a request that such notifications be sent to all physicians of the Homoeopathic faith who could be reached in those countries. In addition, the Committee on Foreign Corre- spondence, consisting of the Chairman and the Secretary, have, sent to all Homoeopathic physicians throughout the world embraced in 48 world's homoeopathic congress. Dr. Villers's Directory, copies of the circulars and also official and personal letters, stating the objects and aims of the Congress and re- questing their co-operation. Many reports have been received from these. They have been very cordial and have expressed great hope that the Congress would be a success, and that its influence upon Homoeopathy will be marked for all time. It was moved and carried that the Rules of Order of Business, as given in the circular already issued, with the substitution of 10.30 for 10 a.m. as the hour of daily meeting be adopted as the order of business for this Congress. The Chairman : The next business on the programme is an address by Dr. William Tod Helmuth, of New York City. Dr. Helmuth is unavoidably detained and I will call upon Dr. A. S. Couch to read his address. SURGERY in the HOMOEOPATHIC SCHOOL. 49 ADDRESS. SURGERY IN THE HOMCEOPATHIC SCHOOL. By William Tod Helmuth, M.D., New York, N. Y. It is time that the early history of surgery as connected with the Homceopathic School of Medicine, be placed upon record. In an- other decade it is probable that the few desultory records of it which belong to the first period of Homoeopathy in this country will be lost. There can be no more fitting time, nor more appropriate occa- sion for this than our Columbian year, a year that will rear an everlasting monument upon the pathway of the history of medicine, and especially upon the history of Homoeopathy, throughout the world. It would be out of place even if it were possible, to attempt to produce in an address of this character, a detailed account of the surgery and surgeons of our school, as it stands in the United States to-day, or has stood for the last quarter of a century. It would be a work of supererogation. Our medical colleges flour- ish all over this broad land, each teaching a full curriculum, thus necessarily embracing instruction in surgical science. These institutions have their records, their published reports, their archives and their alumni to give the once-neglected branch her proper niche in the temple of iEsculapius. Our medical jour- nals and the published transactions of our societies furnish ample proof of the steadily growing interest* in every department of sur- gery, and exhibit the undeniable ability of our surgeons. Such facts and such men need no mention here. The humble endeavor of this paper shall be: First, to rescue from oblivion some facts that belong to our surgery up to the year 1870, which, perhaps, are not very well known, and thus, by giving them place in the Transac- tions of this Congress, to ensure their safety for future generations and as a basis for a more extended history; and, second, to speak of surgery as a factor—and a powerful one—for the extension of Hom- 4 i/ 50 world's homoeopathic congress. oeopathy, and as a means for elevating it in the estimation of the community at large. After some careful study of the subject, I think I may be able to show, strange as it may appear, and meagre as are the sources from which information can be obtained, that certain of the great opera- tions of the last ten or fifteen years, which have so astonished both the profession and the public—with the details of which the medi- cal periodicals have teemed, and the results of which have been so brilliant, have been discounted by the earlier Homoeopathists with- out antisepsis, and some of them, perhaps without anaesthesia. I have no doubt, however, when I have recorded these cases, that a smile of incredulity, or a sneer of unbelief, or a sniff of ridicule, or a wholesale denial of facts, one or all of them will fall from the Old- School man who dares peruse our Transactions; but I place the facts upon record, because the time will come when with the shout will reverberate " pal man que meruit ferat." When in 1825, Dr. H. B. Gram brought Homoeopathy to the notice of the profession, those gentlemen who first began to study and practice according to its precepts were all medical men; and such surgery as came under their notice they eagerly turned over to any one who would take it. In New England, during the quarter of a century which elapsed between the landing of Gram and 1850, in which year I began to take cognizance of the field, Dr. Fuller (Homoeopathist) occasionally performed surgical operations for his friends and Dr. Winslow Lewis and Dr. George F. Gay, both skill- ful and liberal men—though belonging to the Old School—would render such surgical service as requested by the Homoeopathists. In New York, among the Old-School men who would hold sur- gical consultations with the Homoeopathists were Dr. David Hos- sack and Dr. Carnochan—honor to their liberality of spirit. There is the name of one, however, whom I must mention here, who, seeing the ostracism to which the Homoeopathists were subjected, and the difficulty in securing consultations in surgical or medical practice, suggested that the Homoeopathists should create specialists among themselves, and thus be better qualified for consultation with each other. I allude to Dr. John A. McVickar. Dr. McVickar was born in 1812, was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York in 1833, and was appointed to the chair of Clinical Midwifery in the University of the City of New York SURGERY IN THE HOMOEOPATHIC SCHOOL. 51 in 1839. The next year he embraced Homoeopathy, and was (such was the spirit of the times), shut out immediately from all the ave- nues of medical advancement, and the New York Academy of Medicine closed its doors upon him. He chose surgery as his specialty, re-matriculated at his Alma Mater, to perfect himself in anatomy and was of great assistance to his brother practitioners. He was a careful and skillful operator, and a warm personal friend of my own when I first arrived in New York. In Philadelphia where the strife was more concentrated and severe, perhaps on account of Hering's growing popularity and suc- cess, the only Old-School surgeon who would consult with the Ho- moeopathists was Dr. Paul Beck Goddard, a brilliant and successful surgeon, who allowed to every man the rights he claimed to himself and hesitated not to consult with the then "despised sect" for which he received the maledictions of his Allopathic friends, who threatened to expel him from their societies and close the doors of their institutions upon him. I was but a boy then, and remember my pride when, just beginning to study medicine, the assistance that this liberal-minded man gave me in studying the surgical anatomy of Stone, through the medium of Dupuytren's posthumous plates. Indeed, I may say it was through these investigations and the dis- sections that followed them that I determined to devote my life to surgery, a branch of science which, I grew to be painfully aware, was very much neglected by the Homoeopathists. Ten years after the arrival of Dr. Gram and on Hahnemann's birthday—viz. : April 10th in the year 1835, the North American Academy of the Homoe- opathic Healing Art was founded at Allentown, Pa. In its first circular* in Article XXIX. among the list of studies which are considered indispensable for the complete education of the physi- cian, the word " Chirurgini" occurs; and tha£ is the only mention made of surgery in the entire pamphlet. Having learned that Dr. William Wesselhoeft was the incumbent of that chair I proceeded to make the necessary inquiries of one of his distinguished relativesf and find that he was graduated by the University of Jena, in 1820, came to America in 1824, settled in Pennsylvania and began to * First circular of the North American Academy of the Homceopathic Healing Art, Phila., 1835, p. 24. f Private letters of Dr. Conrad Wesselhoeft, Boston, Mass. 52 WORLD'S HOMOEOPATHIC CONGRESS. practice Homoeopathy in 1828. Dr. Wesselhoeft had a penchant for surgery; and especially was he skillful in the management of frac- tures and dislocations. He was said to be pre-eminently semper paratus, and many are the traditious records of his skill that to-day float round the country where he resided. I have also learned from Dr. John Detwiller of Eastern Pennsylvania that his father, Dr. Henrich Detwiller* who was also connected with the Allentown Academy, performed many serious and capital operations in his vicinity. Dr. Detwiller came to America in 1817, and has the honor to be the first physician to prescribe a dose of Homceopathic medicine in the State of Pennsylvania. His son, Dr. John Detwil- ler, with whom the author has a warm personal friendship, is the lithotoraist of his district, and his collection of vesical calculi is unique in its variety. It gives me pleasure to place on record, in this connection, one of the remarkable surgical procedures performed by one of our own school, and which perhaps is not widely known, and one which, as far as I know, has not yet been equalled anywhere. The operator was Dr. John Ellis, now in advanced age and retired from practice, but very well known to the older Homoeopathists for his zealous devotion to their cause when the strife raged fiercest. In these days of anaesthesia and antisepsis, with the use of animal ligatures and the better environment of the patient, many brilliant results have been secured in the ligation of arteries ; but, so far as I know, and so far as I can learn from considerable research, this double ligation of the common carotid below the omohyoid (the interval between the placing of the ligatures being only four and one-half days with recovery—and those last two words are important) has not been equalled in the world as yet. In the Gross tablef of thirty-six cases of " ligation of both carotids " I find Mott's case " interval of fifteen minutes, patient died." Murdoch's case, " interval of three days, patient died." Lewis's case of " five days, patient died." The first ligation was performed on October 21,1844, at Grand Rapids, Mich. The patient, aged 21, was engaged in setting a trap in the woods, and was mistaken for a bear as he was stooping and received the contents of a rifle. The ball struck him on the left side above the * Private correspondence from Dr. John Detwiller, Easton, Pa. f Gross's System of Surgery, vol. i., p. 784. SURGERY IN THE HOMCEOPATHIC SCHOOL. 53 spine of the scapula, passing out after making a flesh wound of 2| inches, and entering the neck at the centre and posterior edge of the sterno-cleido mastoid, passing up through the centre of the tongue, and out of it to the right of the medial line, knocking out several teeth and emerging through the upper lip. The wounds were properly dressed, but on the night of the seventh day, quite a severe haemorrhage occurred from the tongue, which was arrested by compression. The next night, another severe bleeding took place, and Dr. Ellis tied the left carotid below the omohyoid. On the eleventh day another severe bleeding followed which was arrested temporarily, by pressure, but the next day a second haemorrhage of such severe character followed, that it became necessary to ligate the right common carotid. The patient recovered, the ligature from the left vessel coming away on the seventeenth day, that from the right on the fourteenth day.* This is one of the cases I here offer for the consideration of all surgeons in all schools; and would say that perhaps it was the treatment adopted afterward by the doctor, that assisted in relieving the congestion thatfollowed, and thus rendered the remarkable opera- tion a success. About four years after this surgical achievement the Homoeo- pathic Medical College of Pennsylvania was founded, viz., 1848, and its first Professor of Surgery was Francis Sims, M.D., a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Sims was a good lecturer, and did whatever operations came to him, which I must say were very feWj—for in those days the people were not disposed to trust any one with a knife, who believed in the globulistic quackery. During my three years' studentship in the old institution, I think there were but four operations performed before the class, and none of these could be classed among the capital ones of surgery. Dr. Sims was followed by Dr. Jacob Beakley, who afterwards held the Chair of Surgery in the New York Homceopathic Medical College. On January 30, 1852, Dr. B. L. Hill, Professor of Obstetrics in the Homoeopathic College of Cleveland, Ohio, issued a circular to all Homoeopathic physicians, asking their assistance in the prepara- tion of a forthcoming work on surgery. Those who contributed articles on surgical subjects were Drs. Neidhard and Kitchen, of * New York Journal of Medicine and the Collateral Sciences, September, 1845, vol. v., No. XII., p. 187 ; also Velpeau's Operative Surgery, vol. ii., p. 377. 54 WORLD'S HOMOEOPATHIC CONGRESS. Philadelphia, Dr. Shipman, of Chicago, Dr. Powell, Lexington, Ky., Drs. Teft and Beckwith, Norwalk, Conn., Dr. S. M. Gate, Augusta, Me., Drs. Babcock and Foote, Galesburg, 111., Dr. Rogers, Farm- ington, 111., Dr. Sharpe, England, Dr. Rosa, Painesville, Ohio, Dr. A. Bauer, Dr. W. Owens and Dr. Park, of Connecticut. This book did not appear, however, until 1855, about two months after the publication of my own work, and the complete title is as follows, The Homceopathic Practice of Surgery, together with Operative Sur- gery, illustrated by two hundred and forty engravings. By B. L. Hill, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Females, and late Professor of Surgery in the Western Homoeopathic College, and James G. Hunt, M.D., Professor of Surgery in the Western Homoe- opathic College, Cleveland, Ohio. J. B. Cobb & Co. 1855. The second part of this work, viz., the operative portion of it, was taken from the Lectures on American Eclectic Surgery, published several years before. This book comprises 653 pages. It never passed to a second edition. My own work bearing title of Surgery and Its Adaptation to Homceopathic Practice, by Wm. T. Helmuth, M.D., illustrated with numerous engravings on wood. Philadel- phia: Moss & Brothter. 1855. Comprises 652 pages. And I am happy to say, through the kindness of my friends, it is still in exist- ence, having gradually passed to its fifth edition. In 1851 Dr. B. L. Hill, on several occasions, successfully performed lithotomy and other operations. In those days the opposition of Allopathists to everything Homceopathic, handicapped those of our own school who attempted surgical performances. If an error should chance to be committed, or an operation prove a failure, or the patient succumbed, such results were given as additional grounds to prove the incompe- tency of the Homoeopathists, and as another reason why they should be swept from the face of the earth. Suits for malpractice were in- stituted upon slight deformities after fractures, and every impedi- ment placed in the way of our school advancing in surgical practice. Dr. S. R. Beckwith, who in 1853 amputated at the hip-joint and in 1854 removed successfully a large ovarian tumor (quite an exploit in those days) had, on one occasion amputated the thigh of a patient of Dr. Wheeler, a venerable, dignified old gentleman, a brother-in- law of Gen. Wool. The second day after the operation Dr. Wheeler was visiting his patient at the Weddell House in Cleveland, when Prof. Ackley (Old School) entered the room, and ordered Dr. Wheeler SURGERY IN THE HOMOEOPATHIC SCHOOL. 55 to leave it, stating that " It was damnable enough for little-pill doctors to be allowed to practice medicine, but they should not practice sur- gery." Upon Dr. Wheeler refusing to obey the peremptory and unreasonable demand, Prof. Ackley seized him by the hair and dragged him into the hall. The affair ended by Dr. Ackley being placed under four thousand dollars bond to keep the peace, and by Dr. Wheeler ever thereafter combing his hair over a bald spot on the side of his head. * Dr. Beckwith was for a long time Professor of Surgery in the Western Homceopathic College, and did much in that day to extend Homceopathic surgery in the West. In 1855 Dr. I. T. Talbot performed, if not the first, among the first, successful tracheotomy in this country. By the term successful is here understood, not that the opening of the trachea and insertion of the tube were accomplished, but that the patient recovered f I draw attention to this success, as another to show how surgery flourished " under the rose," and to record the facts that here and there, important operations were done and remained unheralded, but like the truth when crushed to earth has risen again to testify to the abilities of men who loved Hahnemann and Homoeopathy. I need say no more of Dr. Talbot's position and teaching since those early times. It is a matter of record. The man stands before you to-day covered with honor. I have already recorded two surgical triumphs : Let me proceed to a third. The surgical world, within the last ten years, has been deeply interested in the advancements made in abdominal surgery; or, I should more properly say, intestinal surgery. The wonders that have been accomplished by intestinal anastomosis; the ingenuity exhibited in the invention of sutures, plates of animal and vegetable substances, the methods of sewing, etc., are esteemed among the " most advanced of the advancements " that belong to modern sur- gery. The records of these cases in the medical periodicals are so remarkable that the doctors are surprised and the laity astounded by them. Let me now recount to you the record of a case, in which four feet and ten inches of the intestines were resected,—an intestinal anastomosis skillfully made, with complete recovery, with the extra- ordinary addition that the patient underwent all the dangerous * MS. furnished the author by Dr. S. R Beckwith. f Personal letter of Dr. I. T. Talbot to author. 56 WORLD'S HOMOEOPATHIC CONGRESS. symptoms of strangulation of the intestine, by two serious operations, being four months pregnant, went on to full term and was delivered of a healthy child. The operator was no other than Dr. George D. Beebe, to whom also I lectured on anatomy in the Homceopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, and who was a college chum of the late lamented Dr. George A. Hall. At the time this remarkable operation was done, nearly a quarter of a century ago, I was editing the Western Homceopathic Observer in St. Louis, and as many comments were made upon it in both the secular and medical press, I wrote personally to Dr. Beebe for a brief description of the case. Here it is. He says : " I hasten to accept your friendly invitation to communicate the notes of an operation for hernia recently referred to in the public press, and as the pages of your valuable journal are always full of useful material I will be brief. "On July 10th I was called to see Mrs. J. B. Childs, of Lee Centre, 111., who was temporarily in our city for a visit, and while at the house of a friend was taken with most violent pain in an umbilical hernia, from which she had suffered since the birth of a child, seven years previously. On reaching the patient's bedside, I found a large tumor at the umbilicus, the thin integumental coverings of which were greatly discolored, and were on the point of yielding to the pressure of a considerable quantity of fluid therein contained. The patient had vomited for two or three days, and during the twelve hours preceding my visit the vomiting had been stercoraceous, with frequent hiccough. The skin and pulse did not show any marked peritoneal inflammation, but there seemed no apology for further delay in ascertaining the condition of the hernial mass. A careful incision of the integuments liberated a quantity of dark, bloody serum, and this escaping revealed a mass of gangrenous intestine. With a grooved director the hernial sac was freely laid open, when I was startled to find so much of the intestine involved and the entire mass not only black with discoloration, but at pointsyielding and emitting faecal matter. The situation was novel and without pre- cedent, but a moment's reflection satisfied me that the patient's chances for life lay in removing the devitalized tissue, and pursuing such further steps as would subject her to the least hazard possible under the circumstances. With the assistance of two or three of my medical colleagues, whom I could hastily summon to my aid, I SURGERY IN THE HOMOEOPATHIC SCHOOL. 67 traced the gut to the hernial ring and, finding sound tissues there, divided it, and passing a strong suture, secured the sound extremity to the margin of the incision. Then, with a pair of scissors, I cut the intestine away from the mesentery throughout its extent until sound intestine was found at the opposite side. Here it was again divided, and the sound extremity secured like the former. The mesenteric vessels, which were very numerous, as may be inferred, were closed by torsion and by ice until all haemorrhage had ceased. This was the most protracted part of the operation, but when ac- complished the hernia knife was brought to bear on the ring, and this was freely enlarged. Making sure that the bleeding did not recur on the removal of the pressure maintained by the ring, the parts were now returned within the abdomen, leaving the two divided ends of the intestine protruding from the abdomen and lying side by side, where they were secured to the integumental margin in such a manner as to form an artificial anus. The day following the opera- tion the pulse rose to a hundred and twenty, and there was some dis- position to singultus, but the cathartics, which had been freely ad- ministered by my predecessor in the case, were being poured out freely at the artificial anus, and in two days the irritation had begun to subside, and from that time the digestive functions became toler- ably well established. An examination of the intestine removed proved it to be of the jejunum, and to measure four feet ten inches. As soon as I could feel some assurance of the patient surviving the first operation, I began to prepare for the second, viz., the cure of the artificial anus. There was not wanting those in the profession who wisely shook their heads and thought this operation should have been deferred for several months to enable the patient to gain strength, etc., and influences were brought to bear upon the patient to that end ; but the patient seemed willing to rest her case in my hands, and so soon as my instrument maker could prepare the in- strument from drawings I furnished him, I was ready to proceed. A few days' delay was asked by the patient's husband on account of business, and then, on July 31st, a clamp was introduced, the blades of which were oval, three-fourths of an inch wide, and one and one- fourth inches long, and fenestrated, leaving serrated jaws one-eighth of an inch wide. One blade was passed into each end of the intes- tine until fully within the abdomen. Great care was exercised that only the intervening walls of these intestines should be embraced by 58 WORLD'S HOMOEOPATHIC CONGRESS. the clamp, and the blades were then approximated by a set screw in the handles until slight pain was occasioned. Instructions were given that if nausea and vomiting occurred the clamp should be loosened, otherwise it should be very gradually tightened during the next two days. On the third day, the presumption being that adhe- sive inflammation had united the two intestines, firm pressure was applied by the clamp that the parts embraced might be caused to slough, and a free incision was made from one intestine to the other through the fenestral opening in the clamp. On the fourth day the clamp was gradually loosened and removed, and from that time the fcecal matter passed freely into the lower bowels and regular evacu- ations occurred by the rectum. A digital exploration revealed the smooth, rounded edges of the opening made by the clamp, and it now only remained to close the integumental opening, which was done by deeply set quill sutures on the 8th day of August, and the patient departed for her home in the central part of the State, leav- ing my cabinet enriched by a pathological specimen which is as highly valued as it is rare. It is no less amazing than gratifying to witness the happy effects of Homoeopathic remedies in controlling the constitutional disturbances consequent upon grave surgical oper- ations, and seldom have these been more happy in my hands than in the present case, where Aconite and Arsenicum played so important a part in controlling peritonitis and enteritis.—Yours, truly (signed), G. D. Beebe." This remarkable operation, the ingenuity of making the anasto- mosis and its results, which were published in the New England Medi- cal Gazette and the United States Medical and Surgical Journal, aroused the sententious spirit of many Old-School periodicals, and the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal,* in a sneering editorial, stated : " We are informed the patient died four days after the oper- ation. Whether the heart was or was not flabby or fatty, we have not heard." I merely insert this opinion of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, not because it is of the slightest importance, but that we of to-day may understand the bigotry of the Old School twenty-five or thirty years ago.f I may mention here that Dr. Beebe was appointed brigade sur- geon by President Lincoln, and was on duty under Gen. Halleck * March 17, 1870. f Western Homeopathic Observer, vol. vii., p. 162. SURGERY IN THE HOMOEOPATHIC SCHOOL. 59 and Gen. Grant, and was enthusiastic in his idea of the outdoor treatment of the wounded. Speaking of the War of the Rebellion brings to my mind the name of another of our surgeons who was very prominent during those times of bloodshed and disruption, no doubt the most distinguished of our military surgeons. I mean Dr. E. C. Franklin, who was born in 1822, became a private pupil of Dr. ATalentine Mott, and was graduated from the medical depart- ment of the University of New York in 1846. During his Allo- pathic career he was made deputy health officer of California, and was given charge of the Marine Hospital at San Francisco. In 1857 he began the practice of Homoeopathy, and in 1860 came to St. Louis, where I was his fellow-laborer for many years. It was through my own instrumentality that he was made Demonstrator of anatomy in the Homceopathic Medical College of Missouri. Dr. Franklin's career in the army was remarkable. At the breaking out of the war he was appointed surgeon to the Fifth Regiment of Missouri Volunteers, and shortly after was made surgeon-in-chief to the first regularly organized military hospital west of the Mississippi River. He soon was created brigade surgeon, and organized the United States General Hospital at Mound City, 111. After the reorganiza- tion of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri, in 1872, he received the appointment to the Chair of Surgery in that institu- tion. Finally he was called to the Professorship of Surgery in the Homoeopathic Department of the University of Michigan, but he returned to St. Louis before his death. Dr. Franklin was an author of the Science and Art of Surgery, which embraced two editions, the first published in 1867, the second in 1