U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT 
OF UNITED STATES 46th Congress, 
3cl Session. 
SENATE. 
Ex. Doc. 
No. 5. 
MESSAGE 
FROM THE 
PRESIDENT OE THE UNITED STATES, 
TRANSMITTING 
Documents received from the Commissioner of Agriculture, in reply to reso- 
lution of the Ith instant, relative to contagious diseases of cattle. 
December 13, 1880.—Referred to the Committee on Agriculture and ordered to be 
printed. 
To the Senate of the United States: 
The accompanying documents, received from the Commissioner of 
Agriculture, are transmitted to the Senate, in reply to its resolution of 
the 7th instant, relating to the contagious diseases of cattle. 
E. B. HAYES. 
Executive Mansion, December 13, 1880. 
Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. G., December 1), 1880, 
To the President ; 
I have the honor to submit herewith certain papers covering the in- 
formation required by the Senate under the resolution offered December 
the 7th, instant, by the Hon. John W. Johnston, Senator from Virginia. 
First. The order directing Dr. Charles P. Lyman, F. It. C. V. S., to 
proceed to England for the purposes therein set forth. 
Second. Dr. Lyman’s report of the work performed in pursuance of 
this order, and of other investigations relative to contagious diseases of 
cattle that were required of him. N 
I have also the honor to submit, as appendices to this information, 
“An extract from the annual report of the Veterinary Department of 
the Privy Council Office of Great Britain, 1879;” the opinion of Prof. W. 
Williams, a pathological author of renown, that the disease landed in 
England prior to the embargo, and supposed by the privy council to be 
pleurd-pneumonia, was not so in fact; and a copy of u The contagious 
diseases (animals) act and orders for Great Britain.” 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
WM. G. Le DUC, 
Commissioner of Agriculture. 2 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. G., June 14, 1880, 
Sir : You are hereby directed to proceed to Great Britain at your 
early convenience, and there to continue your investigation into pleuro- 
pneumonia as affecting American cattle, and into any matters that may 
be connected with their exportation and the improvement of the trade 
in these animals between that country and our own. 
You will keep a correct account of all expenses and make report to this 
department of your progress as often as possible during your absence. 
Yery respectfully, 
WM. Gr. Le DUG, 
Commissioner of Agriculture. 
Dr. Charles P. Lyman, 
Springfield, Mass. CONTAGIOUS PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. 
REPORT OF CHARLES P. LYMAN, F. R. C. Y. S. 
Sir : In my last report to you upon contagious pleuro pneumonia, I 
pointed out, as thoroughly as any means for investigation which I then 
had would enable me to do, the States and counties wherein animals 
affected with this disease could be found. It was thought at that time, 
and no investigation since then has been able to show differently, that 
these counties, or those lying very close to them, contained all the eases 
that could be found in the United States. Supposing I had succeeded 
in thus mapping out the whole of our infected district, I began pushing 
inquiries in a new direction, and for this purpose the following letter was 
written to one of the most prominent veterinary surgeons and authors 
in England: 
Dear Sir: I mail you herewith a copy of my report to the Commissioner of Agri- 
culture on pleuro-pneumonia contagiosa. From it you will be able to see exactly to 
what extent we are infected. The facts to which I especially call your attention are 
these: 
Ist. That our ports of Portland, in the State of Maine, and Boston, in the State of 
Massachusetts, are not in or anywhere near the infected districts ; no jiearer in fact, 
I believe, than are some of the free continental ports or provinces to some of the in- 
fected ones. 
2d. That the cattle coming to those ports for shipment, and indeed for all uses, come 
entirely from the West—one, two, and even more thousands of miles away from our 
infected districts. 
3d. That the lines of rail over which these cattle are carried going to these ports do 
not pass through or go anywhere near the infected districts. , -' 1 
4th. That our Western States are free, luckily for us, and always have been, of This 
scourge. g. 
Now, under these circumstances, is there any method which suggests itself to you 
by which the Government of Great Britain can be induced to raise the embargo 
against our cattle coming to her from these free districts, and through these free ports ? 
If you think there is any chance for the matter being arranged the Commissioner of 
Agriculture will, I think, be very glad to enter into negotiations upon the subject. 
Yerv trulv. 
Springfield, Mass., May 10, 1880. 
C. P. LYMAN. 
George Fleming, F. R. C. Y. S., 
Veterinary Surgeon, Second Life Guards, London, England. 
To which, in due time, the following answer was received: 
London, June 24, 1880. 
Dr. Charles P. Lyman : 
Please excuse my delay in replying to your two letters. I have been away on a tour 
of army inspection, and only returned yesterday. Very many thanks for your report 
on contagious pleuro-pneumonia. 1 very much fear there is not the slightest chance 
of the embargo on American cattle being raised in this country until the States are 
entirely free from the malady, notwithstanding the fact you point out that there is 
an immense extent of country uninfected. So long as only one State, or one portion 
of a State, is contaminated, so long, depend upon it, will the present law continue. 
Even the present government, which when not in office strenuously opposed the law 
brought into office with regard to United States cattle, is now most determined to 
carry it out. If it were relaxed in the case of the United States it would have to be 
3 4 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
so also in the case of Russia and Germany, with respect to cattle plague, and then this 
country would certainly not be safe. Commerce spreads these diseases. The feeling 
here is to keep this country free from infectious animal diseases, after we have 
stamped them out at an awful cost and trouble; and to allow live stock to enter from 
anywhere where these diseases exist would not be heard of. Whenever the United States 
is certified to be a clean country, the embargo will be raised. Your government is not 
taking active steps to free the States from pleuro-pneumonia, and there is no know- 
ing how far it may spread. So long as the government is indifferent to this matter, 
so long will your people suffer from the embargo. The losses from contagious diseases 
here have been so terrible, through a similar apathy, that the authorities are now 
fully aroused. 
With regard to the transit of American cattle, I cannot say anything which would 
be of much value to you ; but I would recommend you to write to Professor Brown, 
veterinary department, privy council office, London. He knows everything pertaining 
to the shipment and carriage of cattle, and will, I have no doubt, afford you every in- 
formation. 
As for myself, I shall only be too glad to assist you all I can, and in offering to do so 
I take once more the opportunity of renewing a paper friendship, which I trust will 
be converted into something more substantial should you visit England. 
Believe me to be, yours, very truly, 
GEOKGE FLEMING. 
Before this answer was received, however, the department was in re- 
ceipt of the report of the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council 
of Great Britain for 1879 (see appendix), when, as you will remember, I 
addressed to yon the following communication : 
Washington, D. C., June 12, 1880. 
Sir; In the report of the veterinary department of the privy council of Great Brit- 
ain for the year 1879, which report has just been received, on page 7 appears the fol- 
lowing; “The most notable event of the past year in connection with the trade in 
foreign animals was the removal of the United States of America from the list of 
countries from which cattle could be imported as healthy, owing to the landing a't dif- 
ferent times during the year of animals affected with pleuro-pneumonia.” The first 
known such importation is said to have been made from the steamship Dominion from 
Portland, Me., about January 14. Next, the detection of the same disease in the cargo 
of the Ontario afforded further evidence of its existence among cattle in the United 
States. “ Cargoes of cattle, among which pleuro-pneumonia was detected, continued 
to arrive,” until finally an order was passed (February 10) the effect of which was to 
cause the slaughter of all cattle from the States at the place of landing in Great Brit- 
ain. It is perhaps worth noticing in passing that Prof. W. Williams, of Edinburgh, 
one of those called upon by the authorities to examine the Ontario lungs, says: “Since 
first arrival of Ontario with cattle others have arrived at Liverpool, and I have ex- 
amined the lungs said by privy council inspectors to have pleuro-pneumonia, and sat- 
isfied all who have seen them that no pleuro-pneumonia has arrived here from America; 
indeed, every one is surprised that such a gross mistake should have been made.” 
(Same report, p. 9.) 
As you will remember, my recent investigation into this matter shows that our ports 
of Baltimore, Philadelphia, Jersey City, and New York are the only ones that are in 
our infected districts. In this report of the privy council the only ports referred to 
by name as having sent diseased cattle are Portland and Boston. This is most strange, 
and if true means that we have pleuro-pneumonia among our western herds, as the 
animals shipped from the two ports come in every case from the West, not passing 
through or anywhere near the district which we know is infected. 
During my recent investigation every means at command was used to ascertain if 
this disease had an existence among our western herds. Every inquiry possible was 
made, and hundreds of lungs from slaughtered animals coming from all parts of the 
West were examined, and the result seemed to show that there was not, nor never had 
been, any pleuro-pneumonia in that part of our country. 
Here, then, are two seeming facts which are in direct antagonism. The English ex- 
aminations show, beyond doubt, that our western cattle, upon being landed there, ex- 
hibit unmistakable signs that pleuro-pneumonia exists among them. My own inves- 
tigation on the other hand, conducted with the greatest thoroughness, shows that 
pleuro-pneumonia does not exist West. 
And now, as the determination of this question, one way or the other, is a matter of 
great importance to the immense cattle interests of our country, it would seem to be 
right that the investigation already commenced should be carried to the other side, 
and an American inspection be made of the cattle coming into Liverpool; then, hav- 5 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
ing found there a few of these numerously reported cases, to trace them hack hy means 
of the way-bills, &c., over their coarse of travel, to their original starting point in the 
West, or as near to it as possible. 
Very respectfully, 
CHARLES P. LYMAN. 
Hon. William G. Le Dug, 
Commissioner of Agriculture. 
The result of this communication was that, at your direction, on the 
23d of June last, I left New York for Liverpool, and arrived there 
on the 4tli day of July; proceeded at once to Edinburgh, Scotland, 
and called upon Prof. W. Williams, F. E. S. E., and principal of the 
new veterinary college,- who, you will remember, was one of the three 
experts originally selected to examine the diseased lungs taken from 
the American cattle which had been landed from the Ontario on Jan- 
uary 20, 1879, and the only one of them who positively declared in 
public that the affection was not contagious pleuro-pneumonia. Pro- 
fessor Williams stated that during the six months succeeding the arrival 
of the Ontario he had examined portions of the lungs of fully three-fourths 
of all the animals that had been found diseased, and that he has still not 
the slightest hesitation in saying that in no case has he found them to 
exhibit the characteristic lesions of contagions pleuro-pneumonia. He 
said that Mr. Welsby, a veterinary surgeon living in Derby, near Liver- 
pool, was employed by the steamer people, Messrs Warren & 00., to 
examine these animals, in company with Mr. Moore, veterinary surgeon 
to the privy council and inspector of the port of Liverpool, whose pro- 
cedure was, as soon as an affected lung was found to make a section of 
the most diseased portion which was sent up to London for the inspection 
of the chief of his department. Mr. Welsby would at the same time se- 
cure a similar piece and send to Professor Williams; therefore he believed 
that he had an equal chance with the London authorities for a good ex- 
amination. He also made several trips to Liverpool and examined the 
beasts and their lungs while they were being slaughtered. The corre- 
spondence with Mr. Welsby was then shown me. * A letter of March 16, 
1879, accompanied portions of lungs from three different animals, which 
were condemned by the port inspector as showing the lesions of pleuro- 
pneumonia contagiosa. These pieces were shown to me and presented 
simply the lesions of bronchitis with collapse. In a letter of March 17, 
he writes: 
Dear Mr, Williams: By the time you receive this the portions of lung I a.m for- 
warding will have come to your hand, and which I fear you will declare true cases. 
Each piece is from a separate animal, and these have arrived per the Ontario, Hie ves- 
sel that brought the cattle you were in Liverpool about a short time since. In exam- 
ining fifty-five lungs to day twelve were found similarly affected (some a little more) 
to the specimens sent you. I should be glad if you will wire me by 10:30 a. m. to-mor- 
row * * * what your opinion is ■ * * * 
In haste, yours faithfully, 
West Derby, Liverpool, England. 
J. WELSBY. 
These portions of lungs were shown me, and exhibited, as did the others, 
simply the lesions of bronchitis with collapse. On March 18, he writes: 
“ 1 have not agreed with the opinion expressed here about any of them, 
but am doubtful about a piece of the last lot sent you. In London they 
have no doubt.” On March 24: “With regard to the animals when 
living, I had opportunities of seeing them daily; they appeared well; no 
cough; breathing and temperature normal, and eating well.” On April 
21: “No more specimens are wanted in London ” On May 19: “Have 
sent to Professor Walley also specimens from cattle received by steam- 6 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
ship Minnesota; he agrees with ns in this, but says that it was zymotic 
pleuro pneumonia on Ontario.” On June 7he writes: “I am commenc- 
ing to direct attention to the Canadian cattle instead of Western States. 
Mr. Moore sent a piece of lung from a Canadian ox to London on Thurs- 
day, and informed me it was typical of contagious pleuro-pneumonia, and 
expected Professor Duguid down, but instead, a telegram came, ordering 
their release if no further disease was found; two others were then 
slaughtered, and I was requested to be present; they were perfectly 
healthy. I was sorry that I could not send you a piece of the lung that 
went to London, but no doubt shall have an opportunity of doing so be- 
fore long.” Here I was given a piece of lung which certainly showed 
lesions resembling those of contagious pleuro-pneumonia more than did 
any other specimen that I saw in the Professor’s possession; it was said 
to be from the Canadian case above referred to, but had been in spirits 
so long that a satisfactory examination could not be made. Professor 
Williams, however, declared that in Iris opinion even it was not the dis- 
ease, but that it looked more like it than did anything else he had seen 
from our side of the water. 
In the new edition of his book on Veterinary Medicine Professor Will- 
iams has gone into the matter thoroughly, not only in the text, but by 
colored lithographic plates, which are said by all who saw the pieces of 
lung which were sent to Edinburgh to be remarkably like them. In the 
appendix the whole of this matter will be found reproduced. 
I next saw Professor Walley, principal of the Edinburgh Veterinary 
College, who holds an appointment in Edinburgh under the Veterinary 
Privy Council, and was one of those who went to Liverpool and ex- 
amined as an expert the lungs from some of the Ontario cattle. He 
said: “1 was called to Liverpool, and there shown animals together 
in a building, which I was told came per steamship Ontario from Amer- 
ica; a few of them were coughing, 1 should judge giving the pathog- 
nomonic cough of contagious pleuro-pneumonia. I examined them; 
they gave no elevation of temperature that amounted to anything as a 
sign; they varied a little; some would be a degree higher than others, 
but nothing remarkable in any. While this examination was going on, 
and before we had finished to my entire satisfaction, a man came to say 
that we were wanted in the slaughter-house, where we went at once, and 
found two animals, that we were told had been taken hap hazard from 
this cargo of the Ontario, hanging partially dressed, and from these I 
saw lungs taken that exhibited to me, without any doubt, the well-known 
lesions of contagious pleuro-pneumonia. I was not at the place for more 
than an hour and Professor McCall, principal of the Glasgow Veterinary 
College, was the only veterinarian with me. Mr. Hall, the consignee, or 
his agent, was there, and said that there was no doubt about this; “that 
it really was pi euro.” In answer to questions the Professor said the 
animals were in as good a condition as any of the others—i. e., about half 
fat; that there were several diseased spots in their lungs, and that the 
largest was about the size of the crown of a Derby hat; that the diseased 
portions were “marbled,” and the parenchyma varied in color from deep 
red to pink, but it was mostly of a pinkish shade; that there was no at- 
tempt towards the formation of a cyst-wall around any of the diseased 
portions, because the disease had not been of sufficient standing. 
Being asked if he did not think it strange that contagious pleuro- 
pneumonia should exist to so great an extent and the animal be as fat 
as any of the rest, and still have no elevation of temperature, and no 
encysted portion of lungs, he answered that he had had no opportunity 
of examining these animals before death as to temperature or anything 7 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
else, and could give no idea as to how they looked when alive. He re- 
gretted that no one had saved a piece of these lungs—it ought to have 
been done. Since that, which was the only time he had been in Liv- 
erpool on this business, he had examined several pieces of lungs said 
to be from American cattle, and they had not exhibited to him lesions 
of contagions pleufo pneumonia, but of broncho-pneumonia, and the col- 
ored plate in Professor Williams’s book was a fairly good representation 
of their appearance, but it did not represent at all the. appearance of the 
lungs that he had examined in Liverpool said to be from the Ontario 
cargo. He was told that these two cattle that he saw in the Liverpool 
slaughter-house had been drafted at random from the cargo of the Ontario 
by Mr. Hall. 
From Edinburg I proceeded to London and the office of the veterinary 
department of the Privy Council. In the absence of Professor Brown, 
the chief of the department, I saw Mr. Cope, the chief inspector, who 
kindly showed me what specimens they had of “American pleuro.” They 
were few in number and very small in size, and had been in preservative 
fluid so long that they were very much altered. They were very differ- 
ent from those I had been shown in Edinburg—said to be the same—(see 
p. 5, Mr. Wellsby’s proceedings) having very much more the appearance 
of the contagious pleuro pneumonia, of which the former showed nothing. 
“Animals affected with pleuro pneumonia,” said Mr. Cope, “ come to us 
from the ports of Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Port- 
land, and we are now (July 12) receiving more than ever of it. You can 
see it for yourself by going either to Deptford or Liverpool, but Liver- 
pool would be the best place.” I was informed by this gentleman-that 
formerly the Privy Council had power to release from the restriction a 
part of any country that they saw fit; but now it must be a whole coun- 
try, if any, and that could not be until the whole of that country was ab- 
solutely free from disease. Anything else would need the action of 
Parliament. There is absolutely no option in the matter—the rule or 
law must govern. (See appendix.) In answer to a question Mr. Cope 
said that they had never had a suspicion of Canadian cattle. (See p. 6.) 
Subsequently I was fortunate enough to see Professor Brown, veterina- 
rian iu-chief to the department. 
I asked him, supposing drafts of cattle were made from our healthy 
western districts, transported over lines of rail which wrere entirely away 
from our infected districts, in cars used for these and no other cattle, if 
inspectors could guarantee that they had not been in the same yard, or 
mixed with any other cattle on the route or at the port of embarkation, 
and were healthy at time of shipment, and inspection at the port of de- 
barkation should show that cargo after cargo coming under these regu- 
lations could be landed free from pleuro pneumonia, would the embargo 
be raised in favor of cattle so inspected from such a port f To this Pro- 
fessor Brown answered that even if England were disposed to remove 
the restriction from any one port under certain methods of inspection, as 
he understood it, the United States were not, as matters now stood, 
able to prevent cattle coming to said port from any point that people 
chose to send them. I told him that I thought the matter could undoubt- 
edly be arranged with the State authorities and railroad companies so 
as to be perfectly safe. He intimated that this would be too loose an 
arrangement to give England ranch confidence, and further said that he 
did not know what there was to prevent a diseased or infected animal 
from being sent at any time from the infected eastern district directly to 
the parts in the west from which these drafts were being made. The 
Government of the United States, as a government, had not as yet shown 8 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
the slightest interest in the matter, and that, in the absence of any na- 
tional laws relating to the movements of animals exposed to or infected 
witli contagious diseases, he should not advise any change from their 
present methods. Here a representation was made setting forth the 
sovereignty of States and their powers—that a State could make any 
laws upon the subject that she thought proper, providing it did not con- 
flict with the Constitution of the United States. In answer to this the 
opinion given was that decidedly, in this matter, these could not take 
the place of national laws; that it would be highly impracticable for 
Great Britain to recognize independent State governments while dealing 
with the United States. 
Following is a list, which was kindly furnished me by the veterinary 
department, giving the cargoes of cattle among which pleuro pneumonia 
had been detected, and which had arrived from our ports of Boston and 
Portland (thought to be free from disease) since January 1, 1880. 
Date. 
Steamer. 
From— 
' 
To— 
Humber of 
cases of 
p 1 euro- 
p n eumo- 
nia. 
*12 
16 
.... do 
9 
Feb. 4 
2 
7 
3 
10 
...do 
2 
12 
10 
12 
Iowa 
do 
do 
16 
17 
Canopus - 
•--•do 
do 
1 
20 
Salerno 
do 
Hull 
21 
Bulgarian 
Liverpool 
3 
26 
Lake Winnipeg 
Portland 
1 
27 
Bohemian 
Boston 
...do 
3 
March 4 
Massachusetts 
do 
...do < 
4 
7 
20 
3- 
24 
;;;;do. 
4 
27 
....do. (?) 
1 
30 
3 
30 
1 
1 
19 
Bohemian -, 
Boston 
Liverpool 
4 
20 
Illyrian 
....do 
13 
June 2 
Victoria 
... do •... 
• 4 
* Two died. 
At Deptford, which is the foreign animals’ wharf for London, I at this 
time saw some twenty-seven hundred head of American bullocks tied up 
waiting slaughter; they had been received mostly from Xew York, a 
few from Baltimore. Prom the ocean steamers these beasts are landed 
some distance down the river, and from there reshipped in a transport 
which brings them directly to the landing-stages for this wharf. This 
transport boat is thoroughly disinfected after each cargo. 
Prom London I proceeded to Liverpool, arriving there on the 13th of 
July. Cattle from the United States arriving in this port are allowed 
to land at three different places, namely, the Huskisson Branch Docks 
Xo. 2, on the Liverpool side of the river, at Woodside and Wallasey 
landing-stages on the Birkenhead side, and at these places only. Por 
their reception, and the accommodation of the trade, under the present 
restrictions, the dock company have fitted up on the wharves fine build- 
ings to serve as stables for the cattle while alive, also slaughter-houses 
and cooling rooms. 
The law allows the animal to remain alive not longer than fourteen CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
9 
days after debarkation, during which time he must remain in this build 
ing, subject to a certain daily charge, payable to the dock company. 
After each cargo has been disposed of, the whole of the premises are 
most thoroughly cleaned before being again filled, and if any such con- 
tagious malady as foot-and-mouth disease has been found they are thor- 
oughly disinfected, and if thought necessary all the manure and other 
litter with which they may have been in contact is destroyed, under the 
direction of the Veterinary Department, but at the expense of the dock 
company. 
With the credentials furnished me from the Privy Council office I called 
upon the Veterinary Inspector of the port, Mr. J. W. T. Moore, F. R. C. V. S., 
and requested to be allowed to accompany him for a time in his daily in- 
spections. To this he kindly assented, and during the whole of my stay 
showed me every attention and rendered me every assistance within his 
power. His method of inspection is to make an examination of the live ani- 
mals within as nearly as possible twelve hours after the landing of a cargo. 
For this purpose the beasts are driven into the stables and tied up facing a 
passage way. Down this the inspector passes, noticing carefully each beast. 
If anything unusual is observed in any one case, the animal is made the 
subject of a minute examination, when, if found particularly diseased, he 
is either put by himself or slaughtered at once. This examination being 
completed and the cargo “passed,” the owners are at liberty to com- 
mence slaughtering as soon as they wish. In the slaughter-house the 
men have orders not to allow any lung or portion of it to be taken away 
until it has been inspected by Mr. Moore. For the purposes of this lung 
inspection this product of the whole day’s‘killing is hung up, and once 
each day every slaughter-house where killing is going on is visited by 
the inspector, and every lung carefully examined by him. If any one is 
found which he considers exhibits the lesions of pleuro pneumonia it is 
destroyed, and an inquiry made which soon shows beyond a doubt ex- 
actly to what cargo the affected animal belonged. 
On July 14, 210 bullocks, the cargo of the steamship Carolina from 
Baltimore, were examined, and four of these were condemned by the in- 
spector as being “suspicious” of pleuro-pneumonia. However, upon 
post-mortem examination nothing of the sort was found. 
On July 15, the steamship Federico, from Norfolk, Virginia, landed 
128 bullocks and a carcass. A post-mortem examination of this carcass 
showed that the animal had been trampled to death : seven of the ribs 
were broken. During the lung examination to-day two pairs were found 
that were condemned as showing the lesions of pleuro-pneumonia. One 
pair showed plainly and plentifully the peculiar lesions ot tuberculosis, 
and in addition contained several small spots in which the changes sup- 
posed to be peculiar to pleuro-pneumonia could be plainly seen, and upon 
which they were condemned. The history of these animals, so far as it 
could be procured in Liverpool, was, that Mr. Smith bought of Mr. Rod- 
dick 194 bullocks ex steamship Brazilian from Boston, July 7. These 
were consigned to the seller by J. &. C. Coughlin, of London, Canada, 
but were from the United States ; there were two hundred of them ; five 
died on the passage. The inspector here saw the lungs of some of these 
that were landed dead, and found death to have occurred from causes 
other than pleuro-pneumonia. 
July IC.—A case of pleuro-pneumonia was reported by Mr. Moore as 
coming on the Iberian from Boston, but the lung lesion was so very small 
(scarcely as large as a filbert) and its appearance was such that it seemed 
to me very doubtful if even the semblance of the disease was present. 
July 17.—Examined ex steamship Malta, from Boston, 397 bullocks. 10 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
Five were landed dead, and one was killed on landing. One of the five 
landed dead was so much decomposed as to prevent a satisfactory ex- 
amination. The lungs of the other four were emphysematous only. 
July 19.—Two lungs from beasts which came on the steamship Vic- 
toria, from Boston, were reported as showing pleuro-pnenmonia, the 
largest “ spot” being about lj: inches in its largest diameter, and situated 
exactly at the root of the lung, indurated to the touch, and upon being 
cut into exhibited the usual “marbled” appearance of pleuro pneu- 
monia, but in the center of the “spot” appeared a small, rounded body 
not larger than one-fourth inch in diameter, the exact nature of which 
future microscopic examination will probably determine. This was 
surrounded by a layer scarcely a line wide of what seemed to the naked 
eye to be a thin pus of a grayish color; this, in its turn, by a thin mem- 
branous wall; this, again, by the “marbled” appearance already re- 
ferred to, the interlobular effusion and thickening being well marked. 
The lungs of one of these beasts had one, the other three, of these 
“spots.” These animals were sent by Timothy Coughlin, London, Can- 
ada, but were animals from the United States. 
July 20.—At Canada docks were examined 222 cattle, ex steamship 
Texas, from Montreal. One of these animals, a fat cow, was breathing 
rapidly and had a temperature of 104° F. She was killed and the 
lungs examined, but no indication of pleuro-pnenmonia was found. In- 
spector Moore assured me that he had repeatedly had this done, always 
with the same result. 
July 23.—T0-day was found a good specimen of what the port in- 
spector regards as showing the lesions of pleuro-pnenmonia in the lung 
of a beast from the cargo of the Aleppo, from New York. These animals 
were shipped by Charles Kalin, of New York, and by their look did not 
seem to be “westerners.” 
I have thought best to make these few extracts from my diary, as 
they refer to all the cases that were condemned during my stay, and 
also as they help to show the manner in which the work is done. I have 
also prepared a table which will show the number of animals landed in 
Liverpool from the United States from the 2d of July to the 13th of 
August, most of which I had the privilege of examining alive and dead 
during my stay. You will observe that the percentage reported by Mr. 
Moore as affected with pleuro pneumonia is very small indeed, there 
being only six such out of 10,070 animals examined. 
The animals coming from Canada are landed at wharves entirely sep- 
arate from those used for the trade with the United States. The ani- 
mals coming off ship-board are tied up in houses furnished for the pur- 
pose, and after a twelve hours’ rest and quarantine are subjected to a 
not very close inspection by the veterinary officer of the port, when, if 
no contagious disease is found—and there never has been as yet—they 
are allowed to go inland on the hoof without any further restriction. In 
this way they become scattered to such an extent before being slaugh- 
tered that it was impossible for me to see the lungs as I did those of our 
own cattle; and, indeed, no officer gives them any examination except 
in so far as has already been stated. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
11 
Table showing number of animals landed in Liverpool from the United States, from June 2 to 
August 13. 
Steamship. 
From port of— 
Date landed. 
Cattle. 
p4 
© 
© 
rX 
in 
Hogs. 
Kemarks. 
o 
391 
Saint Albans 
New York 
July 
9 
392 
239 
13 
296 
288 
7 
434 
£22 
July 
13 
210 
J uly 
14 
434 
1 case condemned as pleuro-pneumon- 
ia; 6 very small centers of disease. 
July 
7 
569 
1,314 
2 cases condemned as pleuro-pneumon- 
ia: centers very small. 
Norfolk 
14 
129 
Victoria 
Boston 
July 
15 
597 
2 cases condemned as pleuro-pneumon- 
ia; very small centers. 
Celia 
New York 
July 
15 
98 
306 
375 
16 
398 
July 
18 
282 
719 
1 case condemned as pleuro-pneumon- 
ia, and hy far the best lesion found. 
Massachusetts.. 
Boston 
July 
19 
519 
230 
483 
11 cases swine fever. 
21 
416 
860 
26 
366 
815 
25 
441 
28 
294 
561 
287 
7 cases swine fever. 
30 
435 
3 cases foot-and-mouth disease in cattle. 
Tuscany 
Philadelphia.. 
July 
30 
224 
1 
437 
do 
5 
438 
5 
805 
207 
13 cases resembling splenic apoplexy; 
5 cases swine fever. 
Aug. 
6 
122 
8 
130 
9 
444 
10 
427 
* 
13 
660 
618 
363 
10 cases sheep-scab. 
Sicily 
Philadelphia.. 
Aug. 
13 
282 
Total number of animals landed; 
Cattle 
10,670 
5,960 
2, 237 
Number condemned as having pleuro-pneumonia.. 
. cattle.. 
6 
Number condemned as having foot-and-mouth disease 
do... 
3 
Number condemned as having scab 
sheep.. 
10 
Number condemned as having swine fever 
23 
RESUME. 
About February 1, 1880, tbe Department of Agriculture, under the 
act providing for an inquiry into the contagious diseases of domesticated 
animals, commenced an investigation, the result of which should 
declare, if possible, the exact extent of territory in which there existed 
any cattle affected with contagious pleuro-pneumonia, on account of 
which the Government of Great Britain had placed a restriction upon 
all cattle coming from the United States. 
After due time and a thoroughly-conducted investigation, this terri- 
tory was defined to be one extending (at that time) from Fairfield County, 
in Connecticut, over New York City and portions of the State of New 
York lying just north of it; Brooklyn, Long Island, and parts of the 
island lying just east of it; Jersey City, and over a considerable portion 
of the State of New Jersey; Philadelphia, and some of the more south- 
easterly counties of Pennsylvania to Baltimore, and over portions of the 
more northeasterly counties of Maryland. Further than this, in any 12 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
locality it was impossible to find a case of tbe disease, although efforts 
were made in all directions, and especially among the cattle coming from 
the same parts of the West as did most of the cattle going to Europe. 
Eeports were constantly being received, however, from England that 
cattle affected with pleuro pneumonia were being frequently lauded 
there. A very short investigation on this side demonstrated clearly that 
these animals came directly, in nearly all cases, from the West, and often- 
times over lines of rail that were entirely away from any point at which 
the disease could be located. The next step, therefore, seemed to be to 
carry the investigation to the other side, to see the diseased cattle as 
landed there, and, by means of manifests, way-bills, Ac., to trace them 
back to their original starting points in the West, and thus establish the 
object of the investigation, namely, to find all the infected territory. 
This was done, and out of nearly eleven thousand beasts landed and 
examined in Liverpool during parts of July and August, in no one of 
which could pleuro-pneumonia be detected in the living animal, the in- 
spector of the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council condemned, 
after post-mortem examination of the lungs, six cases. These six cases 
have been traced back, and in all except one it has been found that the 
animals undoubtedly came from the West, and over lines of rail which 
are entirely north of any localities that are known to be contaminated, 
the fact being that a part of their journey eastward was generally made 
through portions of Canada. This of course means that we have this 
dreaded cattle scourge established among our Western herds; that 
Chicago, Buffalo, Albany, Boston, or Portland are diseased centers, or 
else the disease is not pleuro-pneumonia at all. 
If pleuro-pneumonia exists in the West, or there are diseased centers 
in or about the points named through which the cattle pass on their 
journey eastward, the information now in possession of this department 
will insure its exact location after a little further time for examination. 
In relation to the last phase of the matter, all that can at present be 
said is, that the particular lungs exhibited present, in their fresh state 
and to the naked eye, all the lesions of the contagious disease, but on 
a very small scale, and in addition there is another lesion that is 
constantly present in these condemned lungs which has never been 
described by any authority or noticed by any of our veterinarians to be 
a constant or even a known accompaniment of the disease in question. 
What bearing this fact may have upon this x>art of the question a further 
an ;i more minute investigation of the subject alone can decide. Professor 
William Williams, of Edinburgh, a comparative pathologist of world- 
wide celebrity, asserts that the lungs examined by him previous to my 
visit did not show the lesions of the disease, but that the changes noticed 
were caused by bronchitis.* 
Whether these cases are or are not due to true contagions pleuro- 
pneumonia is a matter which does not in the mean time have much bear- 
ing upon the question of the removal of the English embargo upon our 
cattle. While we have pleuro-pneumonia in any part of our country, 
and certainly while we have no national legislation looking in any way 
towards restricting its spread, and its eventual total suppression, just 
so long the embargo must and will continue to operate against one of 
our best commercial interests, and to lay that portion of our agricultur- 
ists in the West wrho are engaged in the raising and feeding of fine beef 
* See Appendix. Also conversation with Professor Williams, page sof this report. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
13 
bullocks under a very severe and unmerited tax, one which, in the esti- 
mation of a very good judge of the matter, has reached, during the 
present year, a sum rising $2,250,000.* What are the actual losses 
sustained from the presence of the disease, by the farmers and dairymen 
of the East who are unfortunate enough to be located in the midst of a 
contaminated center, it is very hard to say; but that the annual losses 
by death alone can be no very light tax to them is a safe conclusion. 
Then, again, while it is still possible to exterminate this ruinous for- 
eign plague, because it is, we most certainly believe, confined to animals 
that are kept upon fenced farms, should it once, by any misfortune, be 
carried among the great herds that breed, grow, and feed upon the uu- 
fenced ranges of the West, its extirpation would become impossible. 
The whole Western country, from Texas northward, would become in- 
fected; notwithstanding all efforts that then might be made to remedy 
the evil, this great and growing national interest would be perpetually 
mortgaged, and there would be an almost incalculable annual loss from 
deaths alone. 
The one remedy now for all of this is plain, and of comparatively easy 
accomplishment, viz: Let Congress enact such measures, and authorize 
such an execution of them, as shall immediately restrict the movements 
of cattle out from and within infected districts, and in time eradicate 
every case of lung plague. 
SOUTHERN CATTLE FEVER. 
This disease,! widely known as “the Texas cattle fever,” although 
it has never as yet reached Great Britain, and, therefore, has never been 
put upon the schedule as one of the contagions diseases coming from 
the United States, and requiring restriction, is one that, for a short time 
in each year, causes such immense losses among the animals belonging 
to Western, Northern, and Eastern cattle-growers, dealers, and shippers, 
that its mention in connection with this report seems to be quite in place. 
Beginning, generally, towards the last of July, and extending, with 
increasing destructiveness, until the time of frost, Western and Northern 
cattle that have been in contact, in certain wrays, with some of the cattle 
coming from several of the more southerly portions of the country (these 
seeming perhaps to be in perfect health), contract this fever, which, to 
them, is much more fatal than it seems to be among the Southern ani- 
mals, often killing a proportion as high as 90 per cent, of those affected. 
A very curious, but still undoubtedly true, feature of the malady is, 
that these sick Northern animals are not able in any way to communi- 
cate the disease to other animals. Its incubation may be from fifteen 
to forty days. During this period the beast may be shipped from the 
West, and slaughtered in the East for human food ;t or it may be placed 
on board ship and started for the English market, where it is destined 
seldom, if ever, to arrive, for dying in mid-ocean its carcass is thrown 
* See Special Report No. 22, page 179, Department of Agriculture, for argument in 
favor of national legislation. 
t See report of Dr. D. E. Salmon, page 98, Special Report No. 22, Department of Ag- 
riculture. 
t In 1868, the Metropolitan Board of Health found that the use of meat from animals 
affected with Southern fever caused an enormous increase in the death-rate by diarrheal 
diseases, and especially was there developed an utterly obstinate and incurable class 
of cholaric diarrheas.—(Dr. D. E. Salmon, Special Report No. 22, Department of Agricul- 
ture, page 117.) 14 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
overboard and becomes a total loss to the owner or those insuring its 
sate arrival.* 
Heavy losses from this cause are also sustained each season by the 
farmers and dealers in all parts of the North, West,and East; butperhaps 
the greatest sufferers of all are the breeders and growers of cattle who 
are so unfortunate as to be located in the States through which the 
Texans pass on their journey to market, and the States suffering more 
particularly in this way this past season have undoubtedly been Mis- 
souri f and Illinois, although nearly every other State into which the 
Texans were shipped, from Kansas to Massachusetts, have suffered to 
a greater or less extent. 
How these losses in connection with the foreign trade occur and how 
they are divided up can readily be seen from the following 
In June 10,(542 animals were shipped to Liverpool; 114 died—loss 
about 1 per cent. 
In July 12,137 animals were shipped to Liverpool; 110 died—loss 
less than 1 per cent. 
In August 9,464 animals were shipped to Liverpool; 272 died—loss 
over 2 per cent. 
In September 10,826 animals were shipped to Liverpool; 619 died— 
loss over 5 per cent. 
This shows a loss in September over June of, say, $67,662.50, which 
excess of loss is considered by the insurance people to be due entirely to 
Texas fever, and to verify this we have the following quotations of the 
rates of insurance: 
In August, 1880, the Canadian and English companies charged 
to 21 per cent, from Montreal. At the same time the rates on Ameri- 
can cattle from Boston were from 3 to 6 per cent., the highest rates ob- 
taining against Missouri and Illinois beasts. 
During September the Canadian and English rates were 2f to 3 per 
cent, from Montreal. The rates on American cattle during the first half 
of this same month were sto 7 per cent.; during the second half, from 
* For additional particulars relating to this fever, see report of Professor Gauigee to 
the Commissioner of Agriculture, on the diseases of cattle in the United States, 1871; 
Report of the New York State Cattle Commissioners for 1868, made in connection with 
the Report of the Metropolitan Board of Health, in relation to the Texas cattle disease, 
1869; also, the proceedings and debates of the American Convention of Cattle Com- 
missioners, held at Springfield, 111., December 1, 2, and 3, 1868. Published at Spring- 
field (111.), Journal Printing Office, 1869. 
tAs tending to show what the feeling among these farmers has been, I copy the fol- 
lowing from Professor Gamgee’s Report, page 82. It is an extract from a letter of Mr, 
S. Morgan Welsh, contained in the Prairie Farmer of 26th September, 1888: “ Talk,” 
be writes, “ to a Missourian about moderation when a drove of Texas cattle is coming, 
and he will call you a fool, while he coolly loads his gun and joins his neighbors ; and 
they intend no scare either. They mean to kill, do kill, and will keep killing until the 
drove takes the back track ; and the drovers must be careful not to get between their 
cattle and the citizens, either, unless they are bullet-proof. No doubt this looks a 
good deal like horder-ruffiauism to you, but it is the way we keep clear of the Texas 
fever, and, my word for it, Illinois will have to do the same thing yet. Congress ought 
to do s mething in regard to this stock.” 
In this same connection, but on the other side, I may say that I recently met a gen- 
tleman who says that with two others he went South and bought a large drove of 
Texans and started North with them. They got along very well until a certain point 
was reached, when they were met by these self-appointed officers of “ the shot-gun 
quarantine,” and obliged to tarn back, and they were repeatedly obliged to go back 
and around until most of their cattle had died and their resources used up, when, they 
came North alone, losers of every cent they had invested in the enterprise, which, in 
the case of my informant, was all that he had in the world. 
11 have only had opportunity as yet to personally investigate this one branch of the 
subject, and that even imperfectly and, as it were, unsystematically, while carrying 
on the work on contagious pleuro-pneumouia. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
15 
5£ to 10 per cent.; that is, Ohio cattle could be insured at from sto 64 
per cent., Missouri from C£ to 10 per cent. These differences in insur- 
ance make a total on a cargo of, say, 300 beasts, of $2,635 against Mis- 
souri, $1,312 against Ohio, as the extreme Canadian cost of such insur- 
ance is but $1,125. This, on the September shipment to Liverpool alone, 
gives a loss of from $45,000 to $85,000, which loss, in the end, comes 
probably out of the agriculturists.* 
Of course these “ rates” are based upon the actual results of experience. 
This being so, the question at one suggests itself, What is the cause for 
this great difference of experience between Boston and Montreal ? To 
this the unqualified answer is that it is due to a properly maintained 
veterinary inspection carried on systematically under proper laws aud 
upheld by the Canadian Government, while we have nothing of the 
sort. To substantiate this it will perhaps be well to quote here from a 
letter recently received from Messrs. Endicott & Macomber, insurance 
agents, of Boston, Mass., who have this year employed an inspector, 
and who would accept no “ risks ” on cattle unless they had been ‘‘ passed ” 
by this examiner. On October 27, 1880, they write: “We have made 
this list of ours to include the whole sickly season. It shows a loss of 
per cent., and would show much less had we not taken a small line 
on Brazilian, which ran into a gale on first day out. The loss on unin- 
spected cattle during the same time has been upward of 6 per cent.” 
When it is remembered that this inspection is only undertaken during 
the “sickly season,” and to prevent the ill results arising from Texas 
fever alone the facts are full of significance. 
As affecting the breeders of Missouri aud Illinois, it may be said that 
in Boston, October 5, 1880, cattle for shipment were selling at the fal- 
lowing prices: Ohio cattle, among which there is considered to be no 
risk of Texan contamination, 0 cents to 6£ cents; Illinois steers, 5| cents; 
Missouri steers, 54 cents. That is, the Missouri farmer, besides having 
to pay more freight, loses about $l5 per head on his steers, and he has 
to stand not only this severe loss, but in addition, during these months, 
the constant risk of having his herd contaminated, which invariably 
results in a heavy death loss. 
The absolute remedy for this is plain, and in view of the facts as re- 
lated, suggests itself, viz: Let there be enacted proper laws, with a pro- 
vision for their proper execution by properly-qualified persons, which can 
be done without injustice to the Southern breeders, and the Western, 
Northern, aud Eastern breeders, traders, and shippers will be protected 
from this source of danger to the very large commercial interests which 
they together re present, t 
* It is also said to be a fact that while, even at these ruinous rates, the American 
companies have been losing money the Canadian and English companies have been 
making something. 
tin a communication from Messrs. Endicott & Macomber, Boston, dated November 
8, 1880, they wrrite: “Inclosed please find report from the Allan line, * * * this 
shows what inspection will do.” The “ report,” which is printed on a postal card, is 
as follows: 
Allan line.—The cargo shipments of this line, which have arrived at the port of 
Liverpool and Glasgow up till this date, this season, took out 10,179 oxen ; 18 horses; 
11,300 sheep, which were all landed alive and in good order, with the exception of 24 
oxen and 159 sheep. 
Montreal, October 19, 1880. 
I am perfectly willing and even anxious to give inspection its full v,alue, but I 
honestly think that good management, and good ventilation on board ship, may have 
had something to do with the splendid results attained by this company. However, 
what one company can do in this direction, another should be able to approach. I 16 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE 
Has been landed in Great Britain in several instances among cargoes of 
sheep, and once in a cargo of bullocks from the United States. This is 
a scheduled contagious disease, and our animals are now under restric- 
tions because of it, which, of course, as long as the contagious pleuro- 
pneumonia restriction remains, does not really make any difference, and 
probably any measure that will provide for a properly conducted inspec- 
tion of our cattle previous to shipment will prevent further trouble from 
this cause. 
SHEEP SCAD 
Has also been landed from the United States. A proper inspection 
before shipment will stop this, and thus prevent future trouble. 
SWINE FEVER. 
Hogs arriving from the United States are restricted on account of this 
disease. To devise a perfect method for preventing this needs further 
time and consideration. 
Very respectfully, 
CHARLES P. LYMAN, F. R. 0. Y. S. 
Hon. Wi. G. Le Hue, 
Commissioner of Agriculture. 
have seen no public statement of this kind made by any other of the steamship com- 
panies. 
After ail, it may he that inspection deserves all the credit these gentlemen have 
given it, for I find by taking the figures given in Vaughan Brothers’ monthly state- 
ments of the number of animals shipped to Liverpool and the number dying on the 
passage, that we have the following results : 
In June were shipped from Boston, 5,849; of these 18 died. 
In June were shipped.from Montreal, 3,988; of these 26 died. 
In July were shipped from Boston, 5,404 ; of these 39 died. 
In July were shipped from Montreal, 3,985 ; of these 21 died. 
In August were shipped from Boston, 5,488; of these 97 died. 
In August were shipped from Montreal, 2,781; of these 3 died. 
In September were shipped from Boston, 5,987 ; of these 181 died. 
In September were shipped from Montreal, 4,059 ; of these 12 died. 
It would seem from this that the steamers running from Boston have as good man- 
agement and ventilation as those from Montreal, on the whole, and that given an 
equally healthy stock to ship from, that they are as able t6 show good results. Further, 
that the ratio of loss increases inexplainably, beginning slightly in July and running 
through September, unless some theory of special cause is accepted. Plate I. 
CONTAGIOUS PIEURO PNEUMONIA OF CATTLE 
PoTtimi (i i atinrd size > of (ondcitni r/1 limcf from. Buencan 
Bull ode. slaughtered in- Livcjjjool ,Bu gland 
A. Hoen& ('().Lit]ioraiistic,Baltimore, APPENDIX. 
[Extract from annual report of the Veterinary Department of the Privy Council Office of Great Britain, 
1879.] 
The most notable event of the past year in connection with the trade in foreign 
animals was the removal of the United States of America from the list of countries 
mentioned in Part IV of the Foreign Animal Orders, wing to the landing at different 
times during the year of animals affected with pleuro-pneumonia, fooc-and-mouth 
disease, and swine-fever. 
My attention was first called to the existence of pleuro-pneumonia among cattle 
which had been landed at Liverpool from the steamship Dominion from Portland, 
State of Maine. It is somewhat remarkable that a mistake was made by the police- 
man who reported the case to the inspector of the local authority in recording the 
name of the port of shipment as Quebec, instead of Portland. The inquiry which was 
immediately instituted was commenced under the impression that the diseased animals 
had come from Canada, instead of the United States of America. 
The circumstances were, shortly, as follows: 
On January 14,1 received a letter from the Veterinary Inspector of the Local Author- 
ity of Liverpool, informing me that he had forwarded for my inspection the lungs of 
a Canadian bullock (ex-ship Dominion from Quebec). 
The bullock had been dressed in the abattoirs at Liverpool, and the Veterinary In- 
spector’s attention had been called to the lungs, one portion of which he found to 
present appearances “so nearly allied to those of pleuro-pneumonia as to warrant 
suspicion.” 
My own conviction at the time was that an examination of the lungs would suffice 
to show that there was no ground for any suspicion. It was almost impossible that 
pleuro-pneumonia could have existed in Canada without having been detected, and 
up to the moment of receiving the letter referred to not a shadow of suspicion had 
been thrown upon Canadian cattle. 
When the lungs were seen, however, it was at once apparent that something more 
than suspicion was justified. All the unmistakable marks of pleuro-pneumonia were 
evident, and had the animal from which the lungs had been removed been an English 
bullock instead of a Canadian animal, as it was then believed to he, no more trouble 
would have been taken in the matter. But there could be no doubt that the assertion 
of the existence of the disease in a bullock from Canada would be sternly denied by 
the Canadian authorities, who would point to the fact that no case of the disease 
could be found in their country. It was therefore necessary to place the matter beyond 
all doubt before any action could be taken. Meanwhile the diseased lungs were sub- 
mitted to the inspection of all the authorities within immediate reach, and all who 
examined them, including Professors Simonds, Pritchard, and Axe, Messrs. Priestman, 
Payment, Holmans, besides the inspectors attached to the department, unhesitatingly 
stated their opinion that the disease was pleuro-pneumonia. Dr. Yeo, of King’s Col- 
lege, who had recently been engaged on behalf of the Agricultural Society in investi- 
gating the morbid anatomy of the disease, was next appealed to, not without a lin- 
gering hope that he would find on minute examination some microscopic differences 
between the diseased structures and the similar tissues which he had examined from 
English animals affected with pleuro-pneumonia, and so relieve me from a difficulty 
which threatened to assume considerable proportions. Before Dr. Yeo replied the 
difficulty had been removed by the discovery of the fact that the diseased animal 
formed part of a cargo from the United States, where pleuro-pneumonia was known 
to exist. Dr. Yeo, after a careful examination of the lungs which were sent to him, 
wrote: 
“ I regard the lung as a beautiful example of the contagions pleuro-pneumonia.” 
Tbe detection of disease in the cargo brought by the Ontario afforded further evi- 
dence of its existence among cattle in the United States. 
Cargoes of cattle among which pleuro-pneumonia was detected continued to arrive, 
and, after careful deliberation, the Lords of the Council passed an Order, on February 
10, to come into force on March 4, the effect of which was to cause the slaughter of 
cattle from the States at the place of landing in this country. 
It was probably to be expected that the importers of animals from the United States 18 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
would hesitate to accept as final the opinion of the inspectors of the Privy Council when 
that opinion was quite adverse to their interests. Accordingly, they sought the advice 
of three gentlemen of undoubted authority in veterinary science, the three principals 
of the veterinary colleges in Scotland, Two of these experts promptly decided that 
the disease among the cattle from the Ontario was pleuro-pneumonia; the third formed 
the opinion that the disease was not pleuro-pneumonia. The matter would not be re- 
ferred to in this report but for the circumstance that the difference of opinion led to a 
question being raised in the House of Commons. 
On May 12 Mr. Mundella asked the vice-president of the council if he was aware 
that Prof. W. Williams, of the Edinburgh Veterinary College, had written a letter 
to Dr. Laidlaw, veterinary pathologist, of Albany, N. Y., denying in the most emphatic 
terms that pleuro-pneumonia had existed in any cattle hitherto imported from the 
United States; whether his attention had been called to a letter of Professor Williams, 
dated 29th March, in which the following passage occurred: “ Since first arrival of 
Ontario with cattle, others have arrived at Liverpool, and I have examined the lungs 
said by Privy-Council inspectors to have pleuro-pneumonia, and satisfied all who have 
seen them that no pleuro-pneumonia has arrived here from America; indeed, every- 
body is surprised that such a gross mistake should have been made. The last lot, 
seven in number, examined by me had bronchitis, with collapse of the lung, but not a 
trace of pleurisy nor of pneumonia, yet they were declared by the authorities in London 
to have typical pleuro-neupmonia. I have the specimens most carefully preserved, 
and am ready to show them to the whole world if necessary and what steps he 
proposed to take to satisfy himself of the correctness of those statements. 
Lord George Hamilton replied that a statement of Professor Williams was forwarded 
to the Privy Council office by the Canadian Government last month, and upon receiv- 
ing it the Privy Council requested Professor Brown, the head of the Veterinary Depart- 
ment, to investigate the subject. Lie would read the memorandum which he had 
drawn up, and which was sent in reply to the Canadian Government: 
“On January 26 the steamship Ontario arrived at Liverpool, having on board 195 
cattle and two carcases; 87 head of cattle had been thrown overboard, making the 
total number shipped 284. On examining one of the carcases, the inspector at Liver- 
pool found evidence of pleuro-pneumonia, and forwarded portions of the lung to the 
Veterinary Department. This specimen was found to represent the characteristic in- 
dications of the contagious pleuro-pneumonia of cattle so well known in this country. 
By directions of the Lord President, I immediately instructed Mr. Duguid, one of the 
inspectors of this department, to proceed to Liverpool and report as to the condition 
of the animals which had been detained there. Mr. Duguid remained at Liverpool 
and superintended the slaughter of the cattle, and in the course of the post-mortem ex- 
amination he detected thirteen cases of pleuro-pneumonia in various stages. Since 
the landing of the cattle from the Ontario, in January, cases of the disease have been 
detected among cattle from the United States by the inspector at Liverpool in three 
other cargoes, and in one cargo by the inspector at the foreign-cattle market, Dept- 
ford. Portions of the lungs taken from the diseased cattle were forwarded by the in- 
spectors to the Veterinary Department, and I took the opportunity of submitting some 
of the specimens to the inspection of several experts wffiohave made pluero-pneumonia 
of cattle a subject of special inquiry, and they were unanimous in their expression of 
opinion that the morbid changes were indicative of contagious pleuro-pneumonia. I 
may add that the alterations which are apparent in the lung structure in contagious 
pleuro-pneumonia, even in the earliest stages, are so different from those which occur 
in any other affection of the lungs of the ox that no competent pathologist would 
experience any difficulty in arriving at a correct conclusion as to the nature of the 
disease.” 
In the appendix an account is given of the number of cattle affected with pleuro- 
pneumonia which were landed in this country from the United States during the year. 
The number is considerable, and far in excess of the total number of cases of the dis- 
ease which have been detected among cattle imported in the same period from the 
continent of Europe. This circumstance ceases to be remarkable when the wide- 
spread existence of the disease in the States is considered in connection with the fact 
that the extraordinary development of the cattle-trade with this country has afforded 
owners of infected herds an opportunity of disposing of the animals expeditiously, 
and in a manner much more effective than any system of isolation would lie. 
Further restrictions on imports from America were soon rendered necessary, in con- 
sequence of the landing in this country from the States of several cargoes of swine, 
among which swine-fever was detected. The existence of this disease in America, 
under the name of hog cholera, was too well known to admit of any discussion, and 
as diseased animals continued to be landed at Liverpool and Deptford, an Order of 
Council was passed, on May 8, to come into effect on June 2, placing swine from America 
in the same position as cattle. It was subsequently found necessary, in consequence 
of numerous cargoes of diseased swine being sent to this country during May, to bring 
the Order into operation at an earlier date than that originally fixed. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
19 
The slaughter of large numbers of American swine at the port of landing on account 
of swine-fever afforded an opportunity of obtaining specimens of flesh tor examina- 
tion, with the view to ascertain what proportion of the animals were infected with 
trichime. The inspectors of the Veterinary Department examined 279 separate por- 
tions of swines’ flesh which were sent from Liverpool, and detected living trichinae in 
three specimens. 
Portions of trichiuized flesh were given to two young pigs, and also tocats and rats, 
and the mature worm and also the encysted embryos were in this way cultivated. No 
doubt, therefore, existed as to the dangerous character of American pork, and a con- 
sultation on the subject took place with the medical officers of the Local Government 
Board; the matter was also discussed in the House of Commons, but it was not deemed 
expedient to prohibit the introduction of American pork into this country, for the 
reason that such a measure would have damaged the trade without producing any 
satisfactory results. A large proportion of the objectionable meat would have been 
sent to this country by a circuitous route, and thus the object of the restriction would 
have been defeated ; besides which trichinosis among swine is known to exist in Ger- 
many, and it probably exists in other exporting countries, so that nothing short of 
total prohibition of swine flesh in all forms from all foreign sources would have been 
effectual. The possibility of our own swine being to some extent infected with trichina; 
has been suggested; the result, however, of many examinations has, up to this time, 
been negative. 
American sheep were the next animals to be brought within the provisions of a spe- 
cial Order of Council. On duty 4, the Inspector of the Privy'’ Council at Liverpool 
reported that he had detected foot-and-mouth disease in a cargo of sheep brought 
from Boston and landed at Liverpool on July 3. 
The Chief Inspector was instructed to proceed to Liverpool and examine the dis- 
eased animals, and in the course of his inspection he detected ten cases of the dis- 
ease in various stages. 
An Order of Council was accordingly passed, on November 4, to come into operation 
on November 24, placing sheep in the same position as cattle and swine from the 
United States. 
No information of the existence of foot-and-mouth disease among animals in the 
United States of America had been communicated to the Veterinary Department, but it 
is worthy of remark that in the report of the Minister of Agriculture, at Washington, 
in answer to a Senate resolution of February 21, 1878, requiring information respect- 
ing the prevalence of diseases among Swine and other domestic animals in the States, 
one of the writers describes a disease, which he calls “murrain,” in the following 
terms : 
“ The disease most prevalent among cattle is murrain. It is characterized by small 
vesicles in the mouth, on lips, gums, and tongue, with drivelings of saliva, often caus- 
ing inability to eat or drink. These syrmptoms are accompanied fever, swelling 
of the udder, and lameness.” 
The writer is not a veterinary surgeon, and he evidently describes in his letter more 
than one disease under the term murrain ; but the above record of symptoms might 
be copied literally in describing an ordinary case of foot-and-mouth disease in this 
country. 
The Order of Council which provided for the slaughter of American sheep at a foreign- 
animals’ wharf practically completed the exclusion of American animals from Part IV 
of the foreign animals order. No injury, however, appears to have been done to the 
trade by this action, and, indeed, so far as the consumer is concerned, it does not ap- 
pear to be of much consequence whether foreign animals were imported under the pro- 
visions of Part II or Part IV of the Order. The object of their introduction into the 
country is that of adding to the food supply; and experience tends to show that 
slaughter at the place of landing has uot seriously interfered with this object. 
In the last report reference was made to the enormous losses which were caused by 
the hardships of the trans-Atlantic passage, and it is, perhaps, not surprising, consid- 
ering the extraordinary weather of 1879, that the number of animals lost in transit 
was considerably larger than in the previous year, as the following analysis of the 
returns will show: 
From Canada there were landed in 1879 at the ports of Bristol, Glasgow, Liverpool, 
and London 157 cargoes of animals, consisting of 25,185 cattle, 73,913 5heep,3,663 swine, 
of which, 154 cattle, 1,623 sheep, and 249 swine were thrown overboard during the 
voy?age; 21 cattle, 226 sheep, and 3 swine were landed dead, and 4 cattle and 61 sheep 
had to be slaughtered at the place of landing, owing to injuries received in transit. 
From the United States there were landed in 1879 at the ports of Bristol, Cardiff, Glas- 
gow, Grimsby, Hartlepool, Hull, Leith, Liverpool,London,Newcastle-upon-Tyne, South 
Shields, and Southampton 535 cargoes of animals, consisting of 76,117 cattle, 119,350 
sheep, and 15,180 swine, of which 3,140 cattle, 5,915 sheep, and 2,943 swine were thrown 
overboard on the voyage; 221 cattle, 386 sheep, and 392 swine were landed dead; and 20 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
93 cattle, 167 sheep, and 130 swine were so much injured that it was necessary to 
slaughter them at the place of landing. 
Thus it appears that 14,024 animals were thrown overboard, 1,249 were landed dead, 
and 455 were so much injured or exhausted that they were killed at the place.of land- 
ing ; making a total number of 15,728 animals which were either lost on the passage 
or so much injured that it was necessary to slaughter them immediately on landing. 
Notwithstanding the increased restrictions on importation, the number of foreign 
animals imported was larger in 1879 than in the previous year, the total from all 
countries out of the United Kingdom being 1,241,847 as against 1,200,323 in 1878. 
From European countries we received 143,187 cattle, 750,469 sheep, 32,591 swine ; from 
Canada, 25,185 cattle, 73,913 sheep, 3,663 swine ; from the United States of America, 
76,117 cattle, 119,350 sheep, 15,180 swine; from the Channel Islands,2,lsl cattle only; 
from other countries, 12 cattle, 22 sheep, 7 swine. 
From Ireland we received 641,370 cattle, 673,371 sheep, 429,663 swine. 
The total from all sources was 2,986,251 animals in 1879 against 3,043,090 in 1878. 
There were landed in Great Britain during 1879, from places out of the United 
Kingdom, exclusive of the Channel Islands, 2,671 cargoes of animals, consisting of 
244,501 cattle, 973,754 sheep, 51,441 swine. In 122 cargoes the inspectors detected dis- 
ease among the animals on landing in this country. The diseased cargoes came from 
the following countries: Belgium, 46 cargoes, of which 6 cargoes, consisting of 3,141 
sheep, contained 8 sheep affected with foot-and-mouth disease and 68 sheep affected 
with sheep-scab. France, 27 cargoes, of which 2 cargoes, consisting of 25 cattle, 30 
swine, contained 1 cattle affected wdth pleuro-pneumonia and 20 swine affected with 
foot-and-mouth disease. Germany, 496 cargoes, of which 21 cargoes, consisting of 312 
cattle, 28,277 sheep, contained 29 sheep affected with foot-and-mouth disease and 496 
sheep affected with sheep-scab. The Netherlands, 659 cargoes, of which 21 cargoes, 
consisting of 1,830 cattle, 11,076 sheep, 1,079 swine, contained 9 cattle affected with 
pleuro-pneumonia, 1 head of cattle, 7 sheep, and 64 swine affected with foot-and-mouth 
disease, and 83 sheep affected with sheep-scab. Canada, 157 cargoes, of which 3 car- 
goes, consisting of 339 cattle, 1,746 sheep, 180 swine, contained 13 sheep affected with 
sheep-scab. The United States of America, 535 cargoes, of which 69 cargoes, consist- 
ing of 13,301 cattle, 8,553 sheep, contained 137 cattle affected with pleuro-pneumonia, 
33 sheep affected with foot-and-mouth disease, and 37 sheep affected with sheep-scab. 
In addition to the Orders which were in force on January 1, 1879, it was found neces- 
sary to pass several Orders in the course of the year, either for the purpose of amending 
certain provisions in existing Orders or dealing with new conditions. 
On the Ist of January, 1879, the new regulations relating to the importation of 
foreign animals, which had been enacted by the Contagious Diseases (animals) Act, 
1878, and contained in the Foreign Animals Order (dated the 6th of December, 1878, and 
numbered 422), came into operation. As stated in the report for the year 1878, the act 
of 1878 provides that the foreign animals are to be landed only at a foreign-animals’ 
wharf, and are to be there slaughtered, except such animals from such countries as may 
be from time to time specially prohibited or excepted by Order of Council. The principal 
features of the provisions of the Foreign Animals Order will be treated hereafter under 
the heading orders relating to importation. 
Orders relating to Importation.—Before noticing the Orders that were issued during 
1879 on this subject, it would be well to notice the more salient points of the provis- 
ions of the Foreign Animals Order No. 452, which, as before stated, came into opera- 
tion on the Ist of January, 1879. 
The act of 1878 provided that foreign animals should only be landed in a part of a 
port, to be called a foreign-animals’ wharf, out of which wharf they were not to be 
moved alive, unless the Privy Council by Order absolutely prohibited their being 
landed, or specially exempted them from the operation of those provisions of the act. 
The Foreign Animals Order first, prohibited the lauding of animals brought from 
the following countries : The Austrian-Hungarian Empire, The Dominions of the King 
of the Hellenes, The Dominions of the King of Italy, The Principality of Montenegro, 
The Principality of Eoumauia, The Dominions of the Emperor of Russia, The Domin- 
ions of the Sultan, including The Provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 
Secondly, sets forth the ports which had parts defined as foreign-animals’ wharves, 
namely, Goole, Grimsby, Hartlepool, Loudon, Plymouth, Sunderland, and laid down 
regulations as to the time of the slaughter of animals lauded in those wharves. 
Thirdly, provided for the quarantine of foreign animals at a part of the port of 
Southampton defined as a foreign-animals’ quarantine station. 
Fourthly, exempted animals from compulsory slaughter if brought from the fol- 
lowing countries : Her Majesty’s Possessions in North America, the United States of 
America, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Spain, Portugal. Animals from these countries 
were to be landed at a place of landing approved by the Privy Council within one of 
the following ports; Bristol, Cardiff, Falmouth, Glasgow, Goole, Granton, Grimsby, 
Hartlepool, Leith, Liverpool, Loudon, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Plymouth, Portsmouth, 
Southampton, Sunderland, Weymouth. And general regulations were framed as to CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
21 
the slaughter and disposal of such animals if found diseased, and as to their ceasing 
to he deemed foreign animals if, after detention for not less than twelve hours, the 
whole cargo was certified by an inspector of the Privy Council to be free from disease. 
Fifthly. Animals brought from the Channel Islands were exempted from compulsory 
slaughter, and subjected to the regulations last mentioned. 
Sixthly. Animals brought from the Isle of Man were exempted from all restrictions 
relating to importation. 
The first Order passed during the year 1879, relating to importations, was that dated 
the 10th of February, which ordered that from and after the 3d day of March, then 
next, cattle brought from the United States of America should cease to he exempted 
from the regulations regarding slaughter; or, in other words provided that they should 
be landed in a foreign-anaimals’ wharf for slaughter. 
On the 13th of February an Order was passed providing that cows or goats taken on 
board a vessel in Great Britain for the purpose of supplying the passengers or crew 
with milk on a voyage were not, on being landed in Great Britain at the end of the 
voyage, to be deemed foreign animals, if the Customs were, before the same were 
landed, satisfied that they had been taken from Great Britain and had not been landed 
in a foreign country, and had not been in contact with any foreign animal. 
On the 28th of February a foreign-animals’ wharf was defined at the Wallasey 
landing-stage at Birkenhead in the port of Liverpool. This became necessary in con- 
sequence of the passing of the before-mentioned order No. 467, relating to cattle from 
the United States of America. 
Middlesbrough was opened for the landing of foreign animals for slaughter by hav- 
ing a foreign-animals’ wharf on the south side of the river Tees, near Commercial 
street, defined by Order dated the 25th of March. Hull was also opened for animals 
for slaughter by having a foreign-animals’ wharf defined by Order dated March 25, 
and subsequently for animals not subject to slaughter or to quarantine, by Order dated 
the 28th of March. 
Owing to the difficulty of carrying on the London-American cattle-trade in conse- 
quence of the only foreign-animals’ wharf (the foreign-cattle market at Deptford) 
being situate high up the river, a temporary Order, to continue in force for two months, 
was passed on the 3d of April, permitting, from and after the 4th of that month, cat- 
tle brought from the United States of America to the port of London to be trans- 
shipped in the Victoria docks for conveyance to that market. This privilege was ex- 
tended to American cattle transshipped in the Millwall docks by Order of Council 
dated the Bth of May. Just before the two last-mentioned Orders expired, another 
Order was passed on the 29th of May, to take effect on the 4th of June, permitting 
animals (this Order did not confine the transshipment to cattle, as at that time Ameri- 
can swine were also obliged to be slaughtered on landing) brought from the United 
States of America to the port of London to be transshipped in the river Thames, or 
in any dock within the port of London approved by the Privy Council, for convey- 
ance to Deptford. This latter Order remained in force at the end of the year. 
At the same time another Order was passed, also to take effect on the 4th of June, 
formally revoking the temporary Orders Nos. 475 and 481. 
Difficulty having also been experienced at the ports of Hull and Glasgow in carry- 
ing on the trade in animals from Amefica, owing to the great depth of water drawn 
by the vessels engaged in the trade, Orders were passed, on the 14th of May, permit- 
ting, from and after that date, animals brought to the port of Hull from the United 
States to be trans-shipped in the river Humber or in the Albert dock for conveyance 
to the foreign-animals’ wharf at Citadel estate, and, on the 15th of August, permit- 
ting, from and after the 16th of that month, the transshipment of such animals brought 
to the port of Glasgow, in the Firth of Clyde or in the river Clyde for conveyance to 
the foreign-animals’ wharf at Yorkhill Wharf. 
Owing to the accommodation at the Wallasey landing-stage at Birkenhead being 
found inadequate for the trade, the wharf was enlarged. It therefore became neces- 
sary to revoke the former defining Order, No. 470, and to redefine the wharf. Two 
Orders were accordingly passed, on the Bth of April, to effect that object. 
Although Goole was inserted in the foreign-animals Order No. 452 as a port having 
a foreign-animals’ wharf, it was not, in consequence of the inadequate accommodation 
provided, until the Bfch of April that the wharf was finally approved and the Order 
defining it was passed. 
Several cargoes of swine affected with swine-fever having arrived from America, an 
Order of Council was issued on the Bth of May, providing, in effect, that swine 
brought from the United States of America should be subject to the same restrictions 
as cattle, namely, that they should be landed in a foreign-animals’ wharf for slaugh- 
ter. The Order was to have come into force from the Ist of June, but, owing to other 
diseased cargoes arriving, that date was, by a subsequent Order passed on the 13th of 
May, altered to the 16th of May. 
The authorities at the ports of Bristol and Cardiff desiring to import American cat- 
tle and swine applied to have parts defined as foreign-animals’ wharves. Accord- 22 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
ingly, on the 13th of May, two Orders of Council were passed, one denning a wharf at 
Avonmouth Dock, in the port of Bristol, the other defining a wharf at the Eoath Ba- 
sin of the Bute Docks, in the port of Cardiff, as foreign-animals’ wharves. 
The American trade increasing at Liverpool, it was again found necessary to provide 
further accommodation. This necessitat ed the issuing of the following Orders; Ou the 
16th of May the order of the Bth of April, No. 477, was revoked, and another defining 
Order was passed redefining the wharf as again enlarged at the Wallasey landing- 
stage at Birkenhead, and defining also a second foreign-animals’ wharf at the Woodside 
landing-stage at Birkenhead. On the 4th of July another foreign-animals’ wharf was 
defined ou the Liverpool side of the Mersey, known as Huskisson Branch Dock No. 2; 
and, finally, on the 28th of July, still further accommodation having been found neces- 
sary, the two Orders then in force, Nos. 488and498, were rescinded, and the Order which 
remained in force to the end of the year, defining all three wharves, was passed. 
On the 23d of May an Order was issued extending the time from ten days to fourteen 
days within which animals in foreign-animals’ wharves must be slaughtered. This 
regulation came into operation on the 25th of May. 
On the 29th of May the usual Annual Order was passed providing for the landing, 
from the 31st of May to the end of the year, of cattle from the provinces of Schleswig 
and Holstein, in Germany, at a foreign-animals’ wharf for slaughter. This was neces- 
sary in consequence of cattle from the German Empire being otherwise still pro- 
hibited. 
South Shields had a foreign-animals’ wharf defined at Tyne Dock by Order dated the 
13th of June. The wharf, however, not proving sufficiently large for the trade, that 
Order was revoked, and a new Order issued redefining the same wharf with a further 
area on the 15th of August. 
Glasgow had a foreign-animals’ wharf defined at Yorkhill Wharf by Order on the 23d 
of June, but which was revoked on the 27th of October, and the wharf was redefined 
on the latter date. 
It having been decided by the admiralty that the Royal William Victualling Yard 
at Plymouth, which has been defined as a foreign-animals’ wharf by Order No. 459, 
should be.used exclusively for naval purposes, that Order was revoked on the 21st of 
July, and on the same day another Order was passed defining as foreign-animals’ 
wharves, for naval purposes only, the Royal William Victualling Yard at Plymouth 
and the Royal Clarence Victualling Yard at Portsmouth. 
On the 17th of September a second foreign-animals’ wharf for the port of Bristol 
was defined at the Cumberland Tidal Basin in the town of Bristol. 
The port of Harwich was opened for the importation of foreign-animals not subject 
to slaughter or to quarantine on the 11th of October. 
Barrowdn-Furness had a foreign-animals’ wharf defined at Kamsden Dock on the 
11th of October. 
On the 4th of November an Order of Council was passed ordering sheep to be landed 
in a foreign-animals’ wharf for slaughter if brought from the United States of America. 
The Order took effect from the 23d of November, and was issued in consequence of 
sheep from that country having been found on landing to be affected with foot-and- 
mouth disease. 
A foreign-animals’ wharf was defined at Southampton on the Southampton Dock 
Company’s premises, known as the Extension Quay, on the 7th of November; and 
The Order of Council defining a foreign-animals’ wharf at Middlesbrough, passed ou 
the 25th of March, No. 473, was revoked, and that port was opened for the importation 
of foreign animals not subject to slaughter or to quarantine, by Order dated the 29th 
of November. 
The only other Orders affecting importation passed during- the year 1879 were the 
revocation Order, No. 522 (revoking all former Orders except such local Orders as it was 
intended should remain in force, and the general Order relating to dairies and cow- 
sheds), and the Animals’ Order, No. 523, consolidating all General Orders in force (ex- 
cept the General Order relating to dairies and cow-sheds). Both these Orders are 
further noticed, under the heading consolidating orders. 
The following statement will show the places where foreign animals could be landed 
on the 31st of December, 1879: 
Barrow-in-Furness.—Barrow-in-Furness has one foreign-animals’ wharf : (a) Eams- 
den Dock (O. C. 514); but is not open for animals not for slaughter. 
Bristol.—Bristol has two foreign-animal wharves : (a) Avonmouth Dock (O. C. 484); 
(5) Cumberland Tidal Basin (O. C. 512); and has two landing-places for animals not 
for slaughter: (1) Railway Dock, (2) Avonmouth Dock. 
Cardiff.—Cardiff has one foreign-animals’ wharf: («) Eoath Basin (0. C. 485); but 
is not open for animals not for slaughter. 
Falmouth.—Falmouth has not a foreign-animals’ wharf, but has one landing-place 
for animals not for slaughter, (1) Penryn Wharf. 
Glasgow.—Glasgow has one foreign-animals’ wharf: (a) Yorkhill Wharf (0. C. 516); 
and has one landing-place for animals not for slaughter, (1) Plantation Quay. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
23 
Goole.—Goole has one foreign-animals’ wharf: (a) Railway Dock (0. C. 478); but 
is not open for animals not for slaughter. 
Granton.—Granton has not a foreign-animals’ wharf, but has two landing-places for 
animals not for slaughter, (1) Granton Harbor, (2) Granton Quay. 
Grimsby.—Grimsby has one foreign-animals’ wharf: (a) the 70-foot look of the 
Royal Dock (O. C. 45(5},• and has one landing-place for animals not for slaughter, (I) 
Royal Dock. 
Hartlepool.—Hartlepool has one foreign-animals’ wharf : (a) west side of the Jack- 
son Dock (O. C. 457); and has one landing-place for animals not for slaughter, (1) 
Southeast corner of the Jackson Dock. 
Harwich.—Harwich has not a foreign-animals’ wharf, but has one landing-place for 
animals not for slaughter: (1) Great Eastern Railway Company’s Pier. 
Hull.—Hull has one foreign-animals’ wharf ; (a) Citadel Estate (O. C. 472); and has 
two landing-places for animals not for slaughter: (1) Albert Dock; (2) Quay-wall of 
Albert Dock. 
Leith. —Leith has not a foreign-animals’ wharf, but has two landing-places for ani- 
mals not for slaughter : (1) Albert Dock ; (2) Victoria Dock. 
Liverpool.—Liverpool has three foreign-animals’ wharves (0. C. 505): (a) Huskisson 
Branch Dock No. 2. Liverpool; (b) Wallasey landing-stage, Birkenhead; (c) Wood- 
side landing-stage, Birkenhead; and has six landing-places for animals not for slaugh- 
ter. (For all animals:) (1) Canada Dock, Liverpool; (2) shed on the north side of 
the Alfred Dock, Birkenhead; (3) inclosed space on the east of the hefore-mentioned 
shed, Birkenhead; (4) inclosed space on the northeast corner of the Great Float, Bir- 
kenhead. (For animals other than cattle:) (5) Southern end of the Wallasey landing- 
stage, Birkenhead ; (6) sheds No. 4. No. 6, and No. 8, on the south side of the Wallasey 
Dock, Birkenhead. 
London.—London has one foreign-animals’ wharf: (a) Foreign Cattle Market, Dept- 
ford (O. C. 458), and has three landing-places for animals not for slaughter: (1) 
Brown’s Wharf ; (2) Victoria Docks; (3) Thames Haven. 
Middlesbrough.—Middlesbrough has not a foreign-animals’ wharf, hut has one land- 
ing-place for animals not for slaughter: (1) Taylor’s Wharf. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.—Newcastle-upon-Tyne has not a foreign-animals’ wharf, but 
has one landing-place for animals not for slaughter: (1) Legal Quay. 
Plymouth.—Plymouth has one foreign-animals’ wharf, for naval purposes only: (a) 
Royal William Victualling Yard (O. C. 502); and has four landing-places for animals 
not for slaughter ; (1) Commercial Wharf ; (2) Keyham Dock Yard; (3) Mill Bay; 
(4) Sutton Wharf. 
Portsmouth.—Portsmouth has one foreign-animals’ wharf for naval purposes only: 
(a) Royal Clarence Victualling Yard (O. C. 502) ; and has one landing-place for ani- 
mals not for slaughter : (I) Chamber Dock. 
Southampton.—Southampton has one foreign-animals’ wharf: (a) Extension Quay 
(O. C. 518); and has a foreign-animals’ quarantine station: (b) Southern side of the 
Close Dock (O. C. 461); and has one landing-place for animals not for slaughter ; (1) 
Southampton Docks. 
South Shields.—South Shields has one foreign-animals’ wharf; (a) Tyne Dock (O. C. 
509); but is not open for animals not for slaughter. 
Sunderland.—Sunderland has one foreign-animals’ wharf: (a) North Half Tide Ba- 
sin (O. C. 460); and has one landing-place for animals not for slaughter: (1) Hudson 
Dock North. 
Weymouth.—Weymouth has not a foreign-animal s’ wharf, but has one landing-place 
for animals not for slaughter : (1.) Harbour Quay. 
DISEASES AMONG FOREIGN ANIMALS LANDED IN GREAT BRITAIN. 
The diseases which were detected by the Inspectors of the Privy Council stationed 
at the ports in Great Britain among foreign animals lauded in this country during 
1879 were pleuro-pneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease, sheep-scab, and swine-fever. 
The diseased animals came from Canada, the United States of America, Belgium, 
France, Germany, and the Netherlands. 
Pleuro-pneumonia.—The first cases of pleuro-pneumonia among foreign stock were 
detected by the inspector at Liverpool, in the latter part of January. The ship On- 
tario, from Portland, State of Maine, landed 197 cattle at Liverpool in January; two 
dead cattle were also landed; and on making a post-mortem of one of the carcasses the 
inspector detected the marked appearance indicative of pleuro-pneumonia. He for- 
warded portions of the lungs to this department, and an examination of the parts sent 
up was made by the officers of the department, when all the post-mortem appearances 
of pleuro-pneumonia, as observed in animals afflicted with that'disease in this country, 
were found to exist. The cargo was therefore detained, and the assistant inspector of 
4he department was instructed to proceed to Liverpool to assist the inspector at that 
port in his inspection of the living animals, and to report fully on the subject. 24 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
At this period no proper accommodation existed at the port of Liverpool for either 
the lairage or slaughter of foreign animals ; these cattle had been placed in one of the 
sheds at the Huskisson Dock, where it would have been practically impossible to have 
slaughtered them; permission was therefore given for the removal of the apparently 
healthy cattle to the abattoir, where a further examination of them was made and the 
post-mortem appearances of all their lungs carefully noted, when it was found that a 
large number of the animals were suffering from interlobular emphysema, and the or- 
dinary inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs, viz., bronchitis, pneumonia, 
and pleurisy, the results of cold and exposure. 
In twelve of the cattle the distinctive appearances of pleuro-pneumonia were ob- 
served. 
On February 9 the disease was detected in a cargo of cattle which arrived in the 
Istrian from Boston, and on the following day an Order of Council was passed, which 
came into force on March 4, subjecting cattle from the United States to slaughter at 
the ports of landing. 
With a view, however, to assist in the detection of any cases of pleuro-pneumonia 
which might arrive prior to this Order coming into operation the assistant inspector 
remained at Liverpool. 
It occasionally happened that only one animal in a cargo was found diseased, but on 
the 16th of December the Illyrian arrived at Liverpool from Boston having 69 cattle 
on board; these animals were all slaughtered in the foreign-animals’ wharf, and their 
lungs were examined by the inspector at the port, when pleuro-pneumonia was detected 
in no less than twelve cases. From the date of the detection of the first cases of pleuro- 
pneumonia among American cattle on January 26th to December 31, 137 cases of the 
disease have been reported among cattle forming part of 57 cargoes. 
Foot-and-mouth- disease.—A noticeable fact in regard to this disease is that it appears 
to have prevailed to a very small extent on the continent of Europe. During the pa&t 
year animals affected with foot-and-mouth disease have been received from Belgium, 
Holland, France, Germany, and the United States of America, and it appears to have 
chiefly manifested itself among sheep and swine, only one head of cattle which arrived 
from Harlingen having been found to be affected with that disease. The most im- 
portant point in connection with this affection is the fact of its detection among sheep 
which arrived at the port of Liverpool from the United States of America, a country 
in which the existence of that disease does not appear to have been generally recog- 
nized. 
On July 3 the steamship Bulgarian, from Boston, arrived at Liverpool with 1,307 
sheep ; on the following day they were examined by the inspector at that port, who 
detained the whole cargo on the suspicion that a certain number of them were affected 
with foot-and-mouth disease, and immediately communicated with the department. 
The chief inspector was instructed to proceed to Liverpool and report on the condi- 
tion of these animals. An examination was made of the whole of the sheep, which 
resulted in the detection of 10 cases of foot-and-mouth disease. Some of the animals 
had evidently been affected in their feet for many days, while others had the disease 
in the early stage, recently ruptured vesicles between the claws being observable, and 
one which was in this condition was also affected in the mouth. As this was the first 
cargo of animals from America among which foot-and-mouth disease had been de- 
tected, it was considered desirable, in order to establish the true nature of the disease, 
to communicate it, if possible, to a healthy sheep in this country. For this purpose 
the feet of those animals which had vesicles upon them were sent to Professor Sim- 
monds, the principal of the Royal Veterinary College, who succeeded in producing 
the disease by inoculation in a healthy sheep which had been in the college for many 
weeks, a fact which was communicated by Professor Simmonds to the Royal Agricul- 
tural Society at a meeting held in the following month. 
Other cargoes of sheep containing affected animals were landed in Liverpool in the 
months of September and October, the feet of which were sent to the department by 
the inspector at the port, and in every instance thfere was abundant evidence of their 
having been affected with foot-and-mouth disease, in consequence of which all the 
sheep in these several cargoes were slaughtered at the port of landing. 
In all, six cargoes of sheep in which cases of foot-and-mouth disease were detected 
arrived from the United States. An Order of Council was passed on November 4 and 
came into operation on November 23, which subjected sheep from that country to 
slaughter on landing. 
Altogether during the past year 162 foreign animals, namely, 1 head of cattle, 77 
sheep, and 84 swine, were found by the inspectors of the Privy Council at the various 
ports to be affected with foot-and-mouth disease. The number is the smallest which 
has been recorded since the year 1871. 
Sheep-scah.—Cases of this disease have been detected in animals brought from Bel- 
gium, Germany, the Netherlands, the United States, and Canada. All the diseased 
sheep and those brought in the same vessel were slaughtered at the ports of landing. 
The total number of cases of scab which were detected among foreign sheep during CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
25 
the year 1879 was 697. Of these, 13 came from Canada and 37 from the United States; 
the remainder from Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands. 
Swine-fever.—Some affected with this disease have occasionally been landed in this 
country from the continent of Europe, and when detected the diseased animals have 
been slaughtered and destroyed at the place of landing, under the supervision of the 
inspectors of the Privy Council. The number of cases has, however, been compara- 
tively few, and it was not until this year that the necessity has arisen for ordering 
the slaughter of swine on account of this disease. 
Swine-fever, which is generally recognized under the name of “hog cholera” in 
America, has been known to exist in that country for many years; and in a paper which 
was issued by the Department of Agriculture at Washington, dated February 26, 1878, 
it was stated that out of 2,447 counties in the States and Territories of the United States, 
returns had been received from 1,125 counties, which showed that out of 18,987,342 
swine in those counties, 2,599,542 had become affected with “ hog cholera,” and that the 
money value of the losses amounted to no less a sum than $10,091,483 annually. With 
a disease so extensively prevalent among swine in the United States, it was only to 
be expected that at some early date animals affected with that disease would ar- 
rive in this country. Accordingly, as soon as a trade in swine between that country 
and the United Kingdom became established, it was found that diseased swine were 
being exported to this country. 
On April 30 the steamship Antonio, from Philadelphia, having on board 334 swine, 
arrived in the port of Liverpool; she had originally shipped 444, of which 110 had 
died and had been thrown overboard, and 59 others which were dying presented all 
the symptoms of swine-fever; the whole cargo was therefore detained by the in- 
spector of the port. On the following day the assistant inspector of the department 
proceeded to Liverpool and made an inspection of the living diseased animals and a 
post-mortem examination of several others, and ascertained that they had been suf- 
fering from swine-fever in a most severe form. The swine had been landed at Wood- 
side, Birkenhead, where no proper arrangements had at that time been provided for 
their slaughter and dressing; and it having been represented to the Privy Council 
that under these circumstances great delay must necessarily arise if the slaughter 
was carried out at the landing place, permission was given for the removal of those 
which the inspector at the port pronounced to be healthy to the abattoir at Birken- 
head. This was carried out under the immediate supervision of an officer of the Local 
Authority, while the carcasses of all the diseased animals were destroyed at a bone- 
boiling yard. 
Other "cargoes of diseased American swine having arrived in rapid succession, an 
Order of Council was passed on May 8, subjecting swine from the United States to 
slaughter on landing, after June 1. Meanwhile further cargoes of diseased animals 
having arrived, article 1 of that Order was revoked by an Order of Council passed 
May 13, by which the date of their compulsory slaughter was altered from June 2 to 
May 17. 
A cargo of swine, consisting of 567 animals, arrived in the steamship Yiking at the 
Victoria Docks, from Canada, on November 14 ; 42 of them were found to be affected 
with swine-fever. The inspector brought portions of the intestines of some of the 
animals which had been slaughtered to the department for examination, and it was 
apparent that the parts had been taken from animals affected with swine-fever. 
The assistant inspector of the department subsequently examined the animals, and 
found confirmatory evidence of the existence of the disease. 
The diseased swine were all slaughtered at the landing place, and those apparently 
healthy were removed to Deptford for slaughter in the foreign-animal wharf. 
On December 13 a cargo of swine, among which swine-fever was detected, arrived 
from Montreal, Canada, at Glasgow ; all these animals were slaughtered at the land- 
ing-place. No cases of this disease have been detected among swine received from 
the continent during the past year. 
Altogether there have been landed during the year 1,044 animals affected with 
swine-fever. Of these, 974 came from the United States and 70 frpm Canada. 26 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
DISEASES WHICH HAVE EXISTED AMONG ANIMALS IN FOREIGN COUN- 
TRIES IN 1879. 
AMERICA. 
HER MAJESTY’S POSSESSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA, AND THE UNITED STATES OF 
AMERICA. 
No information of the existence of diseases among animals in Canada has been re- 
ceived during the year 1879, but the inspectors at English ports detected 13 sheep 
affected with sheep-scab, and 70 swine affected with swine-fever, on being landed in 
this country from Canadian ports. 
Animals imported from Canada, if healthy, are not subject to slaughter at the port 
of landing. During 1879 there were landed 25,185 cattle, 73,913 sheep, and 3,663 swine 
from Canada. In 1878 the number was 17,989 cattle, 40,132 sheep, aud 1,614 swine. 
The Canadian Government has prohibited the importation of cattle from the United 
States into the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, aud Prince Edward Island. 
This Order remained in force at the end of the year. 
Since the United States cattle have been slaughtered at the ports of debarkation in 
this country a considerable amount of interest has been aroused in the States in refer- 
ence to the extent of the prevalence of pleuro-pneumonia among American cattle, and 
the veterinary department has received numerous papers from time to time from Her 
Majesty’s minister at Washington, giving a detailed description of several outbreaks 
of that disease, and among the papers received is a report issued by the Commissioner 
of Agriculture, dated November, 1878, in which are the following statements: 
“ One of the most dreaded contagious diseases known among cattle is that of pleuro- 
pneumonia, or lung-fever. It was brought to this country as early as the year 1843, 
and has since prevailed to a greater or less extent in several of the Eastern and a few 
of the Southern States. It made its appearance about a century ago in Central 
Europe, aud has since spread to most European countries. With the exception of 
rinderpest, it is the most dreaded and destructive disease known among cattle. Un- 
like Texas cattle-fever, which is controlled in our more northern latitudes by the ap- 
pearance of frost, this disease knows no limitation by winter or summer, cold or heat, 
rain or drought, high or low latitudes. It is the most insidious of all plagues, for the 
poison may be retained in a system for a period of one or two months, or even for a 
longer period, in a latent form, and the infected animal in the mean time maybe trans- 
ported from one end of the continent to the other in apparent good health, yet all the 
while carrying and scattering the seeds of this dreaded pestilence. Since the appear- 
ance of this affection on our shores it has prevailed at different times in the States of 
Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Dela- 
ware, Virginia, and in the District of Columbia. It has recently shown itself at two 
points in Virginia (Alexandria and Lynchburg), where it was recently prevailing in a 
virulent form. ****** 
“The interests involved in this case are of so vast a character, and of such overshadow- 
ing importance both to the farming and commercial interests of the country, as to 
require the active intervention of the Federal Government for their protection. And 
for this reason the considerate attention of Congress is respectfully asked to this im- 
portant matter.’? 
In addition to this statement on the part of the Minister of Agriculture, accounts of 
the appearance of the disease in several of those States have been received from Her 
Majesty’s minister at Washington, apd outbreaks of a very fatal character have been 
referred to, more particularly in the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
and Virginia. It also appears that several of these States have issued through their 
legislatures most stringent regulations for suppressing this disease, including the 
slaughter of diseased cattle and the inspection and quarantine of cattle imported from 
a neighboring State. 
The power, however, to stop importation from a neighboring State has been dis- 
puted, and a decision has been rendered by the supreme court of the State of Illinois, as 
to the right of a State to protect itself from contagious diseases, that all State laws in- 
terfering with the free interchange of commerce between the different States are con- 
trary to the Constitution of the United States, aud show that any legislation for the 
purpose of suppressing any contagious diseases among cattle, to be effective, must ema- 
nate from the Congress of the United States. 
On February 1, the American Government issued a circular to the collectors of cus- 
toms in the United States, ordering that all cattle should be inspected before embarka- 
tion to Great Britain. A notice was also issued to the collectors of customs on March 7, 
ordering that neat cattle from England should not be landed until otherwise ordered ; 
this prohibition was, however, modified in a circular which was issued on July 19, CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
27 
which stated that neat cattle from Europe would be admitted after a quarantine of 
ninety days. 
A circular was issued on November 3, 1879, which came into effect on December 1, 
1879, prohibiting the importation of neat cattle from Canada. 
At the commencement of the year 1879, animals from the United States were not 
subject to slaughter on landing, but owing to the detection of pleuro-pneumonia among 
cattle, foot-and-mouth disease in sheep, and swine-fever in pigs, all animals from that 
country are now subject to slaughter at the port of landing. During 1879, there were 
imported from the United States 76,117 cattle, 119,350 sheep, and 15,180 swine, of 
which 137 cattle were affected with pleuro-pneumonia, 33 sheep with foot-and-mouth 
disease, 37 with sheep-scab, and 974 pigs with swine-fever. In 1878 the imports from 
the United States were 68,450 cattle, 43,940 sheep, and 16,321 swine. 
CORRESPONDENCE CONNECTED WITH THE DETECTION OF PLEURO- 
PNEUMONIA AMONG CATTLE LANDED IN GREAT BRITAIN FROM THE 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
No. 1. 
Telegram from the Marquis of Salisbury to Her Majesty’s minister at Washington, ZQth 
January, 1879. 
Pleuro-pneumonia having been detected in a cargo of cattle on board the ship On- 
tario, from Portland, Her Majesty’s government is consequently considering whether 
it can retain the United States under the exemption of Part IV of the fifth schedule 
of the act of 1878. 
Letter from Sir E. Thornton to the Marquis of Salisbury. 
No 2. 
Washington, February 3, 1879. 
My Lord ; On the receipt of your Lordship’s telegram of the 30th ultimo, informiug 
me that pleuro-pneumonia had been detected in a cargo of cattle on hoard the ship 
Ontario, from Portland, and that Her Majesty’s government was consequently consid- 
ering whether it could retain the United States under the exemption of Part IV of the 
fifth Schedule of the Act of 1878, I called upon Mr. Evarts and communicated to him 
the contents of your telegram. He had also received one to the same effect from the 
United States Minister in London. He said that the information had taken him by 
surprise and that he had not yet made complete inquiries upon the subject. With re- 
gard to the cases of pleuro-pneumonia which had been discovered on hoard the On- 
tario, he thought it very probable that the animals had contracted the disease during 
the voyage and that it had been caused by bad ventilation and exposure to rough 
weather. He believed that there were some cases of it in different parts of the United 
States, but that a few always existed. They were, however, isolated cases, and there 
was no ground whatever for supposing that the disease was epidemic. He added that 
measures had now been taken for the inspection of cattle for export at the different 
ports of the United States, and, as it was not in the interest of the owners to ship 
diseased cattle, they would certainly he careful to avoid doing so. Nothing, however, 
could prevent isolated cases of disease contracted on hoard of ship ; hut inspection on 
arrival at the port of destination, and slaughter in case of need, would preclude any 
danger of the spreading of the disease. He expressed his opinion that it would be 
hardly justifiable to stop so great a trade and to prevent the supply of food from reach- 
ing Great Britain, on account of a few isolated cases of pleuro-pneumonia, which in 
this country was not considered contagious. 
Before I saw Mr. Evarts he had sent me a short note, a copy of which I have the 
honor to inclose, informing me that an agent of the British Government had been for 
some days past at New York and Alexandria, and had reported to the Canadian Gov- 
ernment the existence of pleuro-pneumonia among cattle. I had not then received his 
note, but he told me its contents, and asked me whether I could give him any infor- 
mation with regard to the agent in question. I was obliged to acknowledge that I had 
neither seen nor heard of him. 
The next morning I addressed an official note to Mr. Evarts, transmitting him a copy 
of your Lordship’s telegram of 30th ultimo. 
I also received on that morning a private letter from the acting consul at Philadel- 28 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
phia, of which, and of its inclosure, I have the honor to inclose a copy. From this it 
appears that Prof. D. McEachran, Veterinary Inspector of Canada, had been sent 
hy the Government of the Dominion to inspect cattle in this country, and was doubt- 
less the person to whom Mr. Evarts had alluded. It would appear that he ascertained 
that there had been many cases of the disease in Virginia and that he discovered that 
it prevailed to a great and severe extent in a large cow-house near Brooklyn, Long 
Island. 
On the Ist instant I again called upon Mr. Evarts and read to him the greater part 
of Mr. Cramp’s and Dr. Gadsden’s letters. He still, however, expressed his opinion 
that these cases did not affect the general cattle of the country, and particularly those 
which were exported. 
Mr. Evarts informed me that he had made inquiries with regard to the cargo of the 
Ontario. It appeared that the hulk of the cargo were American cattle, but a few, 
about twenty-two, were Canadian. He did not -know among which of these the cases 
of pleuro-pneumonia had been discovered. iVhen these cattle were about to be shipped 
the collector of customs had offered to order an inspection of them and provide them 
with a certificate, but their owner declined an inspection, on the ground that a cer- 
tificate would not be required in England. 
It is probable that should Her Majesty’s government still allow cattle to be imported 
from this country, a very strict supervision will be exercised over them at the ports 
of embarkation, and care will be taken to prevent the shipment of diseased cattle. 
Mr. Evarts sent me a copy of a telegram which he forwarded on the Ist instant to 
Mr. Welsh, a copy of which I have the honor to inclose. 
Ihavemade inquiries of several persons in and about Washington as to the prevalence 
of pleuro-pneumonia among cattle in the neighborhood. I find that there are isolated 
cases of the disease here and there, but many less than in June last, when there were 
several deaths on account of it. The cases seem to be confined to milch cows, and 
more particularly to those kept in stables. 
In the latter case the disease will attack a good many cows, but will not spread out- 
side the stable, and seems to be due to local causes. 
Dr. Fairfax, a gentleman of English descent, who has lived for many years on a 
farm in Maryland, nine or ten miles from here, who is thoroughly acquainted with 
such matters, and whose statements can be entirely relied upon, says that the disease 
in this country is not the same as in England; that it is not considered to be contagious, 
and that it has not become epidemic, although it will spread in a stable where the 
animals are subjected to the same local circumstances. 
I have this afternoon received a telegram from the Governor-General of Canada, in- 
forming me of the Order of the Privy Council of the Dominion, prohibiting, for three 
months from the Ist instant, the introduction of cattle from the United States into 
the different provinces of the Dominion. 
I hate, &c., 
EDWARD THORNTON. 
[ln closure 1 in No. 2.] 
Letter from Mr. Evarts to Sir Edward Thornton. 
My Dear Sir Edward : I have received information that an inspector of the Brit- 
ish Government has been in New York and Alexandria for some days past, and has re- 
ported to the Canadian Government the existence of pleuro-pneumonia among cattle. 
I presume that information to the same effect may have been communicated to you 
by him. lam not myself aware of the existence of the disease, but as the cattle trade 
between this country and Great Britain is of so great importance, and as any inter- 
ruption of it is likely to have such serious results, I shall be very glad, indeed, to be 
informed of any intelligence which you may have received upon the subject, or to 
confer with you. 
I am, &c., 
Department of State, Washington, January 30, 1879. 
WM. M. EYARTS. 
Letter from Mr. Grump to Sir Edward Thornton. 
[lnclosure 2 in No. 2.] 
British Consulate, Philadelphia, United States. (No date.) 
I think I ought to write you with reference to the latest development in the cattle 
disease. You may not be aware that Prof. D. McEachran, Veterinary Inspector of 
Canada, who, I am told, was introduced to you in Canada, has been through some CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
29 
of the cities of the United States on a confidential mission inspecting cattle, particu- 
larly with reference to the existence of pleuro-pneumonia. He was in this city, Wash- 
ington, and Virginia last week, and returned to Canada a few days ago, after making 
inspections on Long Island that resulted in painful developments. lam informed that 
he did not desire to visit any official of the Imperial Government, as he was not in- 
structed to do so; that he did not call upon yon while he was in Washington, and 
declined a pressing invitation to confer with me while in this city. He discovered in 
Williamsburg, near Brooklyn, a shocking state of things. There is a byre, a cow- 
house, connected with a distillery, where cows are housed to the number of 800 at a 
time, and fed with hot swill running along the troughs in front of the cattle con- 
nected with the distillery. The object to he attained is to increase the production of 
milk, which is obtained to an extraordinary extent. The cattle never get out of this 
place in a healthy condition, and but few alive, the pleuro-pneumonia killing them off', 
several per day, or rather they are sold for a small sum before death to Jew dealers, 
who kill and dress the meat for New York, to he retailed, not to Jews, hut only to the 
Christian consumers. A few young cattle, when first infected, are returned to the 
country, there, in all probability, to spread the disease. The milk and meat of these 
animals are dangerous to the human system. They are not allowed to be sold in Brook- 
lyn, but can be passed through that city to New York. The temperature of the numer- 
ous cases of pleuro-pneumonia examined by Dr. McEachran was as high as 105°, and in 
some cases 107c, showing the most virulent type of the complaint. The animals get 
no exercise whatever, leaving their stalls, to which they are chained, for slaughter 
when attacked by the contagion. The filth, heat, and fetid steam of the place, it is 
reported, are of the most revolting character. Dr. McEachran’s entrance into this place 
was clandestine, and, upon being discovered, he narrowly escaped personal violence. 
I have requested my informant, a veterinary surgeon of this city, of ability, and the 
highest character in the city, Dr. Gadsden, to write me a letter. He has done so, and 
I beg to forward it to you. 
I should also state that Dr. McEachran found much pleuro-pneumonia in Alexandria, 
Va., where two or three hundred cases terminated fatally last year. He says the 
complaint extends all over the State of Virginia. Dr. McEachran has returned to 
Canada with a determination to have steps taken for the protection of the Canadian 
stock-yards from this infection and the stigma that will follow the disclosure of these 
facts. 
To-day cable news has been received in this city that a cargo of live cattle from 
Portland had been found afflicted with pleuro-pneumonia on arrival at Liverpool, and 
the animals were all killed. This news came to Eastman, of New York, the largest 
shipper in the country, and who is said to be carrying out the plans of Vanderbilt and 
the New York Central Railway. Other cable news has been received that steps are 
about to be taken to forbid the lauding of cattle from American ports. Samuel Aller- 
ton & Co., of Chicago, the largest shippers of dead meat, and from-this port, as well 
as others engaged in this fast-becoming most important trade, are much exercised, 
A certificate of inspection of a cargo of live cattle per steamship Lord Clive, sailed 
to-day from Philadelphia to Liverpool, was presented to me for authentication, but as 
I did not know the character of the inspector I declined to certify to it. Subse- 
quently, however, when it was returned attested by the collector of the port, that the 
inspector was appointed by him to perform the duty, I certified to the official act of the 
collector. 
The merchants here engaged in the trade are willing to adopt any plan that I may 
suggest to them, regardless of the expense, to insure the shipment of healthy animals 
and meat to England. 
Dr. McEachran made no discoveries in this district unfavorable to the general 
healthy condition of the cattle. 
P. S.—Dr. McEachran had a long interview with the Commissioner of Agriculture 
in your city. I. believe he did not visit Boston. Large numbers of live cattle are 
shipped from Boston in the winter, which come originally from Canada, and are on 
Canadian account. 
Letter from Mr Gadsden, M. It. C. V. S., to George Crump, Esq. 
[lnclosure 3, No, 2.] 
134 North Tenth Street, Philadelphia, January 28, 1873. 
Knowing yon wish all the information respecting contagious diseases of cattle, I 
send you a report of my examination of some with Prof. D. McEachran, the Veteri- 
nary Inspector of Canada, who was sent by his government to investigate it and report 
at once. 
The Inspector called on me first on his way to Washington (18th instant); again on 30 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
the 23d of this month, when he reported to me he had examined several cases of 
contagious pleuro-pneumonia in cattle at Alexandria, Ya. 
I started with him on the 24th to New York to find out the truth of the report that 
a contagious disease was prevalent on Long Island. We found very many cases of 
contagious pleuro-pneumonia in a large byre, or cow-house, containing about 800 cows 
(all in a filthy condition), at Williamsburg,* near Brooklyn. This large cow-house 
adjoins the distillery of Gaff, Fleischman & Co., where they are fed on hot swill and hay, 
to force the milk. This place is a regular pest-house for the disease; the cows belong 
to a large number of milkmen, who pay a small sum (77 cents per cow a week) for the 
stall and swill. It is quite impossible for me to inform you how many of these 800 
cows have the disease at the present time, but I should think from what I saw that 
several hundred have it now, and it is only a question of time for all the others to 
take it. The men would not allow us to examine many of them in one part; we found 
very few healthy cows there. We made a post-mortem examination of the lungs of one 
of the cows that had this disease in the last stage, which leaves no doubt of its char- 
acter, as all the pathological anatomy of this malady was present (one lung was very 
heavy and quite solid). Just before the cows die they are killed and sent into New 
York market as good beef (at night). 
From inquiry made by us from cattlemen and veterinary surgeons at Brooklyn, we 
have no doubt that this disease is prevalent in many parts of Long Island, as these 
diseased cows from Williamburg are often sent away alive to other parts of the island. 
I have made inquiry from several veterinary-surgeons in Pennsylvania, but cannot 
hear of any contagious diseases in cattle in the State. 
[lnclosure 4 in No. 2.] 
Telegram from Mr. Evarts to Mr. Welsh, United Slates Minister, London. 
Cattle by Ontario, part Canadian, part Western; Inspection offered by government 
was declined by shippers on their view that British regulations did not require it. 
There is no evidence of any disease in the cattle of this country that affects domestic 
or foreign trade in them. This government would regard any proscription of our trade 
in live cattle as wholly unjustified by any condition of things known or suspected 
here. The appearance of pleuro-pneumonia in a cargo at the end of a voyage can 
scarcely warrant a restriction of this trade with a country free from any epidemic among 
cattle. Communicate to Salisbury. 
February, 1, 1879. 
No. 3. 
Letter from the United States Minister, London, to the Marquis of Salisbury, 
My Lord : The arrival of the Dominion steamer “ Ontario ” from Portland last 
at Liverpool, with a number of cattle, a few of which were said to have had the 
pleuro-pneumonia, has been the occasion of much anxiety to those who have recently 
embarked very largely in the importation of cattle from the United States. 
It has been asserted in the newspapers that these cattle were brought from Chicago 
and Buffalo, in the United States, and further, that an expert, having been employed 
by the Canadian authorities for the purpose, had visited the United States and found 
in Washington and elsewhere some cattle affected by the disease. 
These circumstances have caused me to make such inquiries as were essential to an 
understanding of the facts of the case, the results of which I beg to place before your 
Lordship. 
From reliable parties in Liverpool I learn that while a part of the cattle by the On- 
tario came from Chicago and a part from Buffalo, at least 45 head of them came from 
Toronto, and were so mixed with the others that the Canadian and the United States 
cattle could not be distinguished. It is also beyond dispute that those which came 
from the United States passed for several hundred miles over the Grand Trunk road 
through the Dominion of Canada; that all the cattle were exposed to weather of un- 
usual severity ; that they remained for a considerable time in Portland without food 
or water; and that they had undergone an exceptional amount of hardship and bad 
usage before entering upon a voyage which was made at an inclement season and dur- 
ing excessively rough weather. Under these circumstances it is strange that so few 
Legation of the United States, London, February 4, 1879. 
*Blissville is no doubt meant. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
31 
were found whose lungs were diseased. In fact, the fact that so few were found dis- 
eased is almost a conclusive proof that they were healthy when they left their several 
places of departure, for had they been then affected by a contagious or infectious mal- 
ady, as the pleuro-pneumonia is asserted to be, would it not have been communicated 
to most, if not to all, of the herd ? 
What I have just narrated is the result of my inquiry on this side. So soon as the 
report reached me I telegraphed to the Department of State at Washington for the 
facts, both in regard to this special case and to the existence of pleuro-pneumonia 
among the cattle in the United States. Mr. Evarts replied as follows: 
“ Cattle hy Ontario, part Canadian, part Western. Inspection offered by govern- 
ment was declined by shippers on their view that British regulations did not require it. 
There is no evidence of any disease in the cattle of this country that affects domestic 
or foreign trade in them. 
“ This government would regard any proscription of onr trade in live cattle as wholly 
unjustified by any condition of things known or suspected here. The appearance of 
pleuro-pneumonia in the cargo at the end of a voyage can scarcely warrant a restric- 
tion of this trade with a country free from any epidemic among cattle.” 
The accounts from both sides, so far as this cargo is concerned, seem to me not to 
warrant the inference that the pleuro-pneumonia exists either in Canada or the United 
States; but if the few cattle which were diseased really had it, the hardships and ex- 
posure which they underwent are sufficient to account for it. 
Your lordship should not lose sight of the fact that our laws exclude the importation 
of all cattle from Europe into the United States on account of the fear of disease, un- 
less under the special permission of the Secretary of State, and then only of such kinds 
as are needed for breeding purposes. 
Since the arrival of the Ontario several vessels have reached here from the United 
States with cattle which were entirely healthy. 
I trust it will prove that the alarm which has arisen from this single case has been 
quite unnecessary, and that nothing further will occur to check the development of a 
trade which promises such large employment for the tonnage of Great Britain, and an 
advantageous market for the abundant herds of America. lam quite sure, however, 
that in no event will your lordship allow of hasty and inconsiderate action unfavor- 
able to the interests of the United States. 
It will come to the knowledge of your lordship from authoritative sources that the 
representatives of about one-third of the entire steam tonnage of the United Kingdom, 
the Ship-owners’ Association of Liverpool, believe that the true interests of the people 
of Great Britain are to be promoted, not by a greater restriction in existing rules, but 
by their enlargement, so that the cattle coming from North America shall be subject 
to the same regulations which control cattle coming from Ireland, and from one port 
in the Kingdom to another. 
1 have, &c., 
JOHN WELSH. 
No. 4. 
Letter from the United States Minister, London, to the Marquis of Salisbury. 
My Lord : Since I wrote you on the subject of the transit of cattle from America, and 
the alarm which the few cases of disease on the Ontario had occasioned, the following- 
vessels, viz., the Victoria, England, State of Alabama, Illyrian, Pembroke, and Iberian, 
have arrived at Liverpool, and discharged their several parcels of cattle without a 
single case of disease all having passed after a most critical inspection. Notwith- 
standing this, rumors exist in Liverpool that the privy council will, at an early day, 
put the United States on the schedule, and subject all cattle coming thence to slaugh- 
ter on arrival. This has created the greatest alarm, because of the large interests in- 
volved, and, as it is claimed, of the great injustice to which the parties will be subjected 
without any adequate notice. 
The freedom from disease in the cattle from the United States which have hitherto 
been brought to England, and among recent arrivals, seem to me to forbid any action 
which would be so serious in its consequences, or even any interruption in the trade 
now' existing, and I shall be glad to be authorized by you to say that the present ap- 
prehensions are unfounded. 
I have, &c., 
Legation of United States of America, London, February 7, 1879. 
JOHN WELSH. 32 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
No. 5. 
Letter from the Clerk of the Council to the Under Secretary of State, Foreign Office. 
Yeterinaky Department, Privy Council Office, 
44 Parliament Street, Westminster, S. W., February 12, 1879. 
Sir: I have submitted to the lords of the council your letter of the Bth instant, 
inclosing copies of two notes from the United States Minister respecting the cases of 
pleuro-pneumonia recently detected at Liverpool among cattle, ex Ontario, from the 
United States, and deprecating any increase of the restrictions in the cattle trade 
with America. 
In reply, I am directed to state, for the information of Lord Salisbury, that in con- 
sequence of the reports which have reached the Lords of the Council of the existence 
of pleuro-pneumonia in the United States of America, coupled with the fact that ani- 
mals affected with that disease have been landed at Liverpool, their lordships have no 
option under the terms of the contagious diseases (animals) act, 1878, hut to revoke 
that portion of the Order of Council by which the United States were exempted from the 
the provisions of that act. 
I beg to inclose a copy of the Order of Council which the Lords of the Council have 
considered it necessary to pass, and which comes into operation on the 4th proximo. 
I am, &.C., 
C. L. PEEL. 
At the Council Chamber, 467 Whitehall, the 10th of February, 1879. 
By the Lords of Her Majesty’s Most Honorable Privy Council. 
Present: Lord President, Lord John Manners. 
The Lords and others of Her Majesty’s Most Honorable Privy Council, by virtue and 
in exercise of the powers in them vested under the contagious diseases (animals) act 
1878 (in this order referred to as the act of 1878) and of every other power enabling 
them in this behalf, do order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows : 
1. This Order shall take effect from and immediately after the 3d day of March, 1879, 
and words in this order have the same meaning as in the act of 1878. 
2. This Order extends to Great Britain only. 
3. Article 13 of the Foreign Animals Order is hereby revoked, as far as it relates to 
cattle brought from the United States of America, and declares that the same may be 
landed without being subject under the act of 1878, or under that Order, to slaughter 
or to quarantine. 
flnciosure in No. 5.1 
C. L. PEEL. 
[No. 6.] 
Letter from the British Consul-General at Neto York to the Marquis of Salisbury. 
My Lord : I have the honor to report to your lordship that in order to obtain the 
latest and most authentic information in regard to the sanitary condition of animals 
in this consular district, I addressed on the 24th instant a circular letter to the secre- 
taries of the respective State governments of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, 
Delaware, and Rhode Island, in this consular district, calling attention to the state- 
ments of a professor of veterinary science that cases of pleuro-pneumonia are not in- 
frequent in these States, and requesting to be furnished with any information in their 
possession on this subject; requesting also that my communication might be referred 
to the State agricultural department or society, and asking that the desired informa- 
tion should be furnished to me as speedily as possible. 
In case of the known existence of any cases, requesting further that, with regard 
to the nature of the disease, it might be stated whether or not it is regarded as con- 
tagious, had become epidemic, to what extent it had proved fatal, the treatment 
adopted for its cure, and what, if any, provision had been made for arresting its 
extension. 
British Consulate General, New York, January 30, 1879. 
I received from the secretary of state of the State of New York a reply, of which 
I inclose a copy, informing me that that department has no knowledge relative to 
pleuro-pneumonia existing among animals in this State. From the secretary of the 
State agricultural society, with whom I also communicated, I received replies, of 
which I inclose extracts, from which it will be seen that he questions the existence of 
-contagious pleuro-pneumonia in this country. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
33 
I inclose also copies of the last annual report of the society, recently adopted, in 
which, while reference is made to the act of the legislature of last year respecting in- 
fections and contagious diseases of animals (copies of which I transmitted to Her 
Majesty’s legation at Washington in September last), no allusion whatever is made to 
the existence of contagious diseases among live stock in this State. 
From the State of Connecticut, however, I have received a letter from Mr. T. S. 
Gold, one of the commissioners on diseases of domestic animals, of which I inclose a 
copy, reporting the outbreak of contagious pleuro-pneumonia in one herd of cows in 
the town of Watertown, in that State. He adds that the disease is not epidemic, but 
is confined to this one herd, which is strictly quarantined; that the commissioners 
know of no other cases in the State, and are quite sure that none others exist. 
In regard to the State of New Jersey, I have received from a member of the State 
board of health a letter, of which I inclose a copy, informing me that he has recently 
investigated the sanitary condition of live stock in that State, and finds that con- 
tagious pleuro-pneumonia has existed, and at the present time does exist, to a more or 
less degree. That so far as he can learn it has never assumed the epizootic form. That 
at the present time it is found in isolated cases, which might be the means of superin- 
ducing an outbreak. 
From the States of Delaware and Rhode Island I have as yet received no replies 
to my inquiries. 
On receipt of the communication from Connecticut and the statement therein of 
the supposition that the disease had been imported from New York in August last, and 
upon a report made to me that pleuro-pneumonia among cows was supposed to lurk in 
some of the dairies in the suburbs of New York and Brooklyn, more especially in dair- 
ies in connection with large breweries, I addressed a letter to the respective mayors of 
the two cities, calling their attention to the matter, and requesting that an investiga- 
tion might be made, and that I might be informed of the result. 
I think it well to inclose a copy of a letter from the agricultural editor of the 
American Agriculturist, supposed to be well informed in such matters, stating that 
among grazing cattle there is now no disease reported in any part of the country; 
that occasionally a few cases of pneumonia occur in ill-conducted dairies, but that it 
is not of an epizootic character, and remains in the States where it originated. He 
concludes by stating that there now is none of this existing, a conclusion, however, 
whiph is at variance with the positive reports from Connecticut and New Jersey. 
I have to-day seen and conversed with Mr. Eastman, who is the principal shipper 
of fresh meat from this port, and who in the summer time has exported live stock 
from hence to Great Britain. He largely supplies this market, and handles about 
2,500 head of cattle every week. He assures me that in the Western States, from 
whence he draws his supplies, there are absolutely no diseases—certainly no conta- 
gious diseases—among cattle. 
In pursuance of the information which I had received, I yesterday transmitted to 
your lordship the following telegram : 
“ A few isolated cases of pleuro-pneumonia among horned cattle have appeared 
within this consular district. Fuller report by post.” 
E. M. ARCHIBALD. 
[Tnclosure 1 in No. 6.] 
Letter from Mr. Alien C. Beach to E. M. Archibald, Esq., Her Britannic Majesty's Consul- 
General, Meiv York. 
State of New York, Office of the Secretaryof State, 
Albany, January 28, 1879. 
In answer to your favor of the 24th instant, I have the honor to state that this de- 
partment has no knowledge relative to pleuro-pneumonia existing among animals in 
this State. 
I have applied to the secretary of the State agricultural society, who I thought 
would be most likely to give you the information desired, and am informed that he 
has written you in full upon the subject. 
[lnclosure 2, in No. 6.] 
Letter from Secretary Mew York Agricultural Society to E.M. Archibald, Esq., Her Britan- 
nic Majesty's Consul-General, Neiv York. 
I am in receipt of your letter of yesterday, and have mucli pleasure in sending a 
copy of the report made by the executive committee to the general meeting of the 
January 24, 1879. 34 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
society on Wednesday last. The society’s report to the legislature has not yet been 
presented. 
I am not in possession of any other information on the subject of the disease among 
cows near Washington other than that given in the New York Tribune, and I very 
much distrust the diagnosis given in that paper, and based upon report only. It would 
seem that had the disease been the contagious lung plague (pleuro-pneumonia) of 
Europe, we should have heard of larger losses and of continued mortality. 
We have never been called upon to investigate a case of pleuro-pneumonia. We 
have frequently had to send to investigate mysterious outbreaks of disease reported 
in the newspapers, but they have invariably turned out to be splenic apoplexy (an- 
thrax). The only diseases of cattle that have ever occurred as epidemics in our cattle 
markets are Texan fever and the foot-and-mouth disease. The former has given no 
cause for alarm since 1868, except locally, and in one town and on only one farm in 
1877, where it disappeared almost before we had time to be sure of its identity. The 
latter did not survive the first winter after its importation, and if it occurs again it 
will be from a new importation. 
As to pleuro-pneumonia, which in one form is of course contagious (and probably 
the hardest of all diseases to get rid of), opinions differ as to whether it exists in this 
country or not. Professor Law, in the paper which he read at our annual meeting in 
1876 (see our Transactions, volume xxxii), probably puts the case for the affirmative 
as strongly as possible. On the other hand, there is the fact that we hear of no cases 
in recent years of disease supposed to be pleuro-pneumonia, or pronounced to be by 
any competent authority. The last report of it that I know of was by Professor 
Cressy to the Connecticut Board of Agriculture, in 1874, and in that case the identifi- 
cation of the disease with the contagious pleuro-pneumonia of Europe seems to be 
doubtful, because the animals were purchased in the autumn and remained sound 
until the spring; whereas three months is the longest period of incubation claimed 
for the disease by Professor Law and two months by Gamgee (Domestic Animals in 
Health and Disease, vol. 1, page 602). I am, therefore, inclined to believe the Con- 
necticut disease to have been the sporadic pleuro-pneumonia described by Gamgee (in 
the work cited) rather than the contagious form. It seems hard to believe that so 
fatal a disease should be lurking, as some maintain that it is, among the dairies of the 
lower class in the neighborhood of our large Atlantic cities without spreading and 
without causing such loss as to attract attention ; but if such be the fact, the situa- 
tion of our important cattle markets and the way in which the movement of cattle is 
carried on render it almost impossible that the disease can become epidemic. 
[lnclosure 3 in No. 6.] 
Letter from Secretary New York Agricultural Society to E.M. Archibald, Esq., Her Britannic 
Majesty's Consul-General, New Yorlc. 
January, 25, 1879. 
In reply to your note of yesterday, I have to say that if it was Professor Law who 
wrote the article in the Tribune of 27th of November, it accounts for the very de- 
cided tone in which the Washington disease was pronounced to be contagious pleuro- 
pneumonia. 
As to the disease which under the name of pleuro-pneumonia has occurred, or has 
been reported occasionally of late years in the United States, being identical with the 
contagious pleuro-pneumonia of Europe I very much doubt for the reasons given in 
my letter of yesterday. 
It is generally admitted, and supposed to be established, that the disease imported 
in Mr. Chenery’s Holland cattle at Boston in 1859, and in Mr. Richardson's shorthorns 
in 1847, was contagious pleuro-pneumonia. In both these cases the disease is believed 
to have been extirpated. 
The foundation for the statement that the same disease came to this country in 1843 
and in 1850 Ido not know. Writing in 1860 on the subject of the disease then pre- 
vailing in Massachusetts, the late Mr. B. P. Johnson, the secretary of this society, used 
the following language: 
“ At the same time it may be proper to note that, according to evidence too full and 
well authenticated to be rejected, pleuro-pneumonia has in several instances made its 
appearance in this country previous to its introduction by Mr. Chenery’s importations. 
Cases in past years in the vicinity of several of our cities, of its attacks, and subsequent 
entire extirpation, have been brought to our notice in detail,” &c.—(Transactions New 
York State Ag. Soc., 1859, p. 783.) 
I think it may properly be inferred from this language that in 1859 we supposed the 
country to be free from pleuro-pneumonia of the contagious form, and we know that 
the authorities of Massachusetts considered that in 1861 they had completely rid that 
State of the contagion imported in 1859. lam notin a position to assert that there has 
been no later importation. I can only say that I have never heard of any. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
35 
[lnclosure 4 in No. 6.] 
Letter from T. S. Gold, Esq., to E, M. Archibald, Esq., Her Britannic Majesty’s Consul- 
General, New York. 
Yours of 24tlx instant has been referred to me by the Honorary Secretary of State, 
and in reply would say that one herd of cows in Watertown is suffering at present 
with plenro-pnenmonia. Of 19 head, four have died, one sick cow has been killed, and. 
most of the others are affected. It is plainly contagions, and we attribute the disease 
to two cows brought from New York in August. It is not epidemic, but is confined to 
this one herd, which is strictly quarantined. We know of no other cases in this State, 
and we are quite sure that none exist. 
One or two similar outbreaks have been controlled by slaughter and quarantine. 
Dr. Noah Cressy, Y. S., is treating this herd, principally relying upon alcoholic stim- 
ulants, but it is too early to speak of results. 
January 29,1879. 
[lnclosure 5 in No. 6.] 
Letter from Henry C. Kelsey, Esq., to E. M. Archibald, Esq., Her Britannic Majesty's Consul~ 
General, New York. 
Your favor of the 24th instant is this day referred to William M. Force, Esq., Newark, 
N. J-, Secretary of the State Agricultural Society, for answer. 
January 9, 1879. 
Letter from «LTr. J. C. Corlies, I). V. S., to E. M. Archibald, Esq., Her Britannic Majesty’s 
Consul-General, New York. 
[lnclosure 6 in No. 6.1 
My esteemed friend, Mr. W. M. Force, has requested me to answer a communication 
conveyed to him through the State Department from yourself in reference to pleuro- 
pneumonia as existing in the Atlantic coast States. I have the honor to say that, as 
a member of the State board of health, it has recently been my duty to look into and 
investigate the sanitary condition of the live stock of our State (New Jersey), and in. 
so doing I find that pleuro-pneumonia has and does exist to a more-or less degree at 
the present time; and, so far as we can learn, it has never assumed the epizootic form, 
while on several occasions it may be said to have presented an enzootic form. But, 
usually, and at the present time, it is found in isolated cases, which maybe the means 
of at any time superinducing an outbreak. 
It is always of a contagious character, and entails a mortality of about fifty per cent, 
of the affected cases, &c., &.c. 
The preventive measures consist of quarantining, inoculation, and, in radical cases, 
occision. There have been three special acts enacted by the State legislature for the 
purpose of arresting its progress on the appearance of an outbreak, the substance of 
which is conferring power upon township authorities to employ competent medical 
advice, and, if it should be found necessary, to resort to occision, and the owner to be 
compensated by the State. 
Newark, New Jersey, January 28, 1879. 
[lnclosure 7 in No. 6.] 
Letter from the Editor of the American Agriculturist to E. M. Archibald, Esq., Her Britannic 
Majesty’s Consul-General, New York. 
January 21, 1879. 
Your inquiry about diseases of cattle has been referred to me. In reply I beg to say 
that I know of no disease that is now prevalent among cattle in any part of the 
country. We have occasionally a few scattered cases of pneumonia occurring in ill- 
conducted dairies, but it is not of an epizootic character and remains in the stables 
where it originated. Amongst grazing cattle there is now no disease reported in any 
part of the country. Our climate fortunately forbids the occurrence of those diseases 
which prevail in some European countries, and past experience has shown that the 
cases of pleuro-pneumonia which have occurred at times a few years ago were neither 
virulent nor difficult to deal with, and that ordinary sanitary precautions now prac- 
ticed are sufficient to keep it in check. Just now there is none of this existing. 36 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
No. 7. 
Telegram from Consul-General Archibald to the Marquis of Salisbury, 
The cattle disease near Brooklyn, Long Island, is decidedly contagions ; pleuro- 
pneumonia extensively prevalent. There is possibility of contagion affecting Western 
cattle shipped from this port. 
February 8,1879. 
No. 8. 
Telegram from Consul-General Archibald to the Marquis of Salisbury. 
February 9, 1878. 
My telegram yesterday meant extensively prevalent in a large stable near Brooklyn, 
in which are about 800 cows, and from whence diseased cows are said to have been 
sent to other parts of Long Island. 
No. 9. 
Telegram from Foreign Office to Consul-General Archibald. 
Reference to your telegram of Bth instant. Report by telegram name and owner of 
stable and address where disease is situated; also the veterinary evidence that it is 
contagious pleuro-pueumouia. Write full particulars by next post. 
February 12, 3.50 p. m. 
No. 10. 
Letter from Consul-General Archibald to the Marquis of Salisbury. 
January 30, 1879. 
My Lord : With reference to my dispatch (No. 8) of 21st instant, I hare the honor 
to transmit herewith inclosed, for your Lordship’s information, copy of a dispatch, 
and of its inclosures, received by me from Sir Edward Thornton, communicating the 
report of an investigation made by the health officer of the District of Columbia, in 
regard to the real nature of the disease reported to exist among cows in the vicinity 
of Washington, and referred to in the inclosure of your Lordship’s dispatch No. 1, of 
the 2d instant, from which report it appears that the disease is pleuro-pneumonia. 
The author of the observations in the Tribune newspaper, of the 27th November 
last, on the reported “plague” at Washington, is Dr. James Law,professor of veteri- 
nary science in the Cornell University, at Ithaca, in this State, and one whose opinions 
are well deserving of consideration. 
I have not as yet received from the president of the New York College of Veterinary 
Surgeons his promised report upon this subject. 
Referring your Lordship for farther information to my dispatch (Consular No. 10) 
of this date, 
I have, &c., 
E. M. ARCHIBALD. 
flnolosure 1 in No. 10.1 
Letter from Sir Edward Thornton to E. M. Archibald, Esq., Her Britannic Majesty’s Consul- 
General, New York. 
Washington, January 30, 1879. 
I have the honor to transmit herewith copy of a note, and of its inclosures, which I 
have received from Mr. Evarts, from which you will perceive that it is admitted that 
there have been cases of pleuro-pneumonia, or lung fever, among the cows in the 
neighborhood of Washington. As it would appear from the Order in Council of the 
6th ultimo that the above-mentioned disease is considered to be contagious, I have 
addressed a further note to Mr. Evarts, inquiring as to the extent of the disease and 
what steps have been taken to prevent its spreading. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
37 
[lnclosure 2 in No. 10.] 
Letter fro m Mr. Evarts to Sir Edward Thornton, 
Department op State, 
Washington, January 27, 1879. 
Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Mr. Drummond’s note of the 
16th instant, in which, on behalf of Her Majesty’s Government, inquiry is made in ref- 
erence to the existence among the cows in the vicinity of Washington of a disease sim- 
ilar to the rinderpest, and also as to whether any such or other form of disease has 
lately prevailed among the cows in or about this city. 
In reply, I have to state that the matter has been referred to the Board of Commis- 
sioners of the District of Columbia, and that a reply thereto has been received from 
the president of that body, dated the 24th instant, accompanied by a report on the sub- 
ject from the health officer of the District, copies of both of which are herewith in- 
closed for your information. 
I have, &c., 
WM. M. EYAE.TS. 
[lnclosure 3 in No. 10.] 
Letter from President of the Commissioners, District of Columbia, to Son. W. M. Evarts, in- 
closing a report from the Medical Officer of Health. 
Office op the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, 
Washington, January 24, 1879. 
Sir ; In response to yonr reqnest of the 22d instant, that the Commissioners take 
measures to ascertain whether the rinderpest or any other form of disease has lately 
prevailed among the cows in or about the city of Washington, the Commissioners have 
the honor to say that they referred the matter to the health officer of the District im- 
mediately upon the receipt of your communication for investigation, and herewith 
submit a copy of his report in the preiflises. 
Bv order of the board. 
S. L. PHELPS, President. 
[lnclosure 4 in No. 10.] 
Office of Health Officer, January 24, 1879. 
Respectfully returned to the Commissioners, District of Columbia, with the follow- 
ing information : 
About the 17th of October, 1878, a gentleman residing in the county of Washington, 
near this city, called at this office and requested the examination of some cattle then 
ill on his farm. An inspector having considerable experience with disease of cattle 
was sent; he made careful and thorough examination of the animals on this and ad- 
joining farms, and reported them suffering from pleuro-pneumonia, or lung fever. 
A morning paper in this city made a sensational report of this matter, heading the 
same “ Rinderpest,” and from this probably sprung the reports which are said to have 
appeared in certain New York papers. I have been called upon several times to deny 
the story, and would again state that careful inspection of the dairy farms in this 
vicinity has failed to reveal the existence of any disease similar to the rinderpest or 
cattle-plague. 
SMITH TOWNSHEND, M. D., Health Officer. 
Official copy: 
WILLIAM TINDALL, Secretary. 
No.. 11. 
Letter from United States Minister, London, to the Marquis of Salisbury. 
My Lord : I have the honor to acquaint you that I have just received from Mr. 
Evarts a circular, of which I inclose copy, and which has been addressed by the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury of the United States to collectors of customs and others. 
Legation of the United States, London, February 19,1879. 38 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE, 
Your lordship will observe that by this document collectors of customs are instructed 
not to permit shipments of live animals from their respective ports until after an inspec - 
tion of such animals with reference to their freedom from disease, and the issuance of 
a certificate showing that they are free from the class of maladies mentioned. 
I beg to express the hope that these precautionary measures may have some influence 
in inducing Her Majesty’s Privy Council to rescind or modify their order in relation to 
this matter of the 10th instant. 
I have, &c., 
JOHN WELSH. 
flnolosure in iso. 11.1 
Copy of a circular in relation to cattle disease, issued by the Secretary of the Treasury, 
February 1, 1879. 
[Circular.] 
INFORMATION IN REGARD TO CATTLE DISEASE. 
Treasury Department, 
Washington, I). C., February 1, 1879. 
By department’s circular of December 18, 1878, it was directed that live cattle 
shipped from the various ports of the United States might be examined with reference 
to the question whether they were free from contagious diseases, and that if found to 
be free from such diseases a certificate to that effect should be given. By that circular 
such inspection was not made compulsory, but the certificate was to be issued only 
upon the application of parties interested. 
As the export trade in live cattle from the United States is of vital importance to 
large interests, every precaution should be taken to guard against the shipment of 
diseased animals abroad, and such a guarantee given as will satisfy foreign countries, 
especially Great Britain, that no risk will ensue from such shipments of communicating 
contagious or infectious diseases to the animals in foreign countries by shipments from 
the United States. 
Collectors of customs are therefore instructed that in no case will live animals he 
permitted to be shipped from their respective ports until after an inspection of the 
animals with reference to their freedom from disease, and the issuance of a certificate 
showing that they are free from the class of diseases mentioned. 
Notice of rejected cattle should be promptly given to this department. 
In order that this department may be fully informed in regard to such diseases in 
any part of the United States, collectors of customs are requested to promptly forward 
to this department any information which they may be able to obtain of the presence 
of contagious or infectious diseases prevailing among live animals in their vicinity. 
It is probable that if the disease prevails to any considerable extent it will be no- 
ticed in the local press, and collectors are requested to send copies of any notices to 
the department for its information. 
JOHN SHERMAN, Secretary. 
To Collectors of Customs ano Others. 
No. 12. 
Letter from the Clerk of the Council to the Under Secretary of State, Foreign Office. 
Veterinary Department, Privy Council Office, 
44 Parliament Street, Westminster, S. W., February 27, 1879. 
Sir: I have submitted to the Lords of the Council your letter of the 22d instant 
transmitting a dispatch, with inclosure, from the United States Minister at this court 
on the subject of the export of cattle from the United States of America to Great 
Britain. 
In reply I am directed to state for the information of Lord Salisbury that the Lords 
of the Council have carefully considered the orders given by the American Govern- 
ment for the inspection of cattle previous to exportation. Their lordships are, how- 
ever, aware from their own experience that no system of inspection at the port, how- 
ever perfect, affords complete security against the introduction of pleuro-pueumonia. 
So long, therefore, as that disease exists in the United States, their Lordships regret 
that, looking to the provisions of the contagious diseases animals act, 1878, relative to CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
39 
importation of foreign animals, they are unable to modify the Order of the 10th of 
February, 1879, which prohibits the introduction into Great Bri tain, except for slaugh- 
ter, of cattle from the United States of America. 
I beg to return the dispatch and inclosure as requested. 
I am, &c., 
C. L. PEEL. 
No. 13. 
Extract from a message from the President of the United States, communicating, in answer 
to a Senate resolution of 20th February, 1878, information in relation to the disease pre- 
vailing among swine and other domestic animals. 
Executive Mansion, February 27, 1878. 
To the Senate of the United States : 
I transmit herewith, for the information of the Senate, the reply of the Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture to a resolution ©f the Senate of the 20th instant, “ relative to 
the disease prevailing among swine, ” &c. 
R. B. HAYES. 
Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, I). C., February 26th, 1878. 
Sir : In compliance with a resolution of the Senate, adopted on the 20th instant, 
calling upon me for such information as may be in my possession relative to the disease 
prvailing among swine commonly known as “hog cholera,” with such suggestions as 
I may deem pertinent in this connection, I have the honor to herewith transmit a large 
number of letters from almost every section of the country relating to this and the 
many diseases to which all other classes of domestic animals are subject. For some 
years past the local press, and especially the agricultural journals of the country, have 
been calling attention to the increase of diseases among farm stock, and the consequent 
heavy losses annually sustained by our farmers and stock breeders and growers. 
Our wide extent of country, and its great diversity of temperature and variation of cli- 
mate, the severity of frosts in some sections, and the intensity of heat in other local- 
ities, render farm stock liable to the attacks and ravages of almost everye disease known 
in the history of domestic animals. So general and fatal have many of these mala- 
dies grown, that stock breeding and rearing has to some extent become a precarious call- 
ing, instead of the profitable business of former years. This would seem to be espe- 
cially true as it relates to swine. Year by year new diseases, heretofore unknown in 
our country, make their appearance among this class of farm animals, while older ones 
become permanently localized, and much more fatal in their results. Farmers, as a 
general thing, are neglectful of their stock, and pay but little attention to sporadic 
cases of sickness among their flocks and herds. It is only when diseases become gen- 
eral, and consequently of an epidemic and contagious character, that active measures 
are taken for the relief of the animals afflicted. It is then generally too late, as reme- 
dies have ceased to have their usual beneficial effects, and the disease is only stayed 
when it has no more victims to prey upon. BRONCHITIS. 
Prof. W. Williams, of the New Veterinary College of Edinburgh, Scotland, has, dur- 
ing the past few years, paid much attention to the study of diseases affecting the air- 
passages and lungs of domesticated animals. In the second edition of his work, which, 
seems to have been revised with great care, he treats at considerable length of the 
diseases known as pleuro-pneumonia contagiosa and bronchitis in horned cattle, and 
points out with distinctness the difference between those diseases. His conclusions 
are of great importance in the present controversy. In the preface to the second edi- 
tion of his work, Professor Williams says : 
“ The existence and characteristics of pleuro-pneumonia contagiosa and bronchitis 
in horned cattle were lately the subject of differences of opinion between the veter- 
inary officers of the privy council and the author, in connection with the alleged 
existence of pleuro among American cattle imported into this country, and slaugh- 
tered at Liverpool to prevent contagion. The author has very carefully studied the 
post-mortem appearances of both diseases, and submits his conclusions to the profes- 
sion. The opportunity of studying the post-mortem appearances of bronchitis in its 
earlier stages but seldom occurs ; and had it not been for the slaughter of the cattle 
referred to the lesions induced by the initial stages of inflammation of the bronchial 
tubes could not have been so minutely demonstrated. 
“ The author does not deny the existence of pleuro in some of the Eastern States of 
America, but it has not yet been proved that this contagious malady prevails in the 
Western States, from whence cattle are brought to this country. Of this, however, 
he is confident, that in none of the diseased lungs of the cattle referred to did he 
find the characteristics of contagious pleuro ; but, in all, those of bronchitis. In 
this investigation he has received much valuable assistance from Dr. Hamilton, path- 
ologist to the Royal Infirmary, and demonstrator of morbid anatomy in the University 
of Edinburgh.” 
BRONCHITIS. 
The following is the full text of Professor Williams’ article on this subject: 
Division.—This disease may, according to its seat, be arranged under four heads, 
namely, “ tracheo-hronchitis,” where the lower part of the trachea and larger tubes are 
the main seat of the inflammation ; “bronchitis proper,” where the medium-sized bron- 
chi are the chief seats of the disease; “capillary bronchitis,” where the smaller bronchi 
are chiefly implicated; and “ catarrhal, lobular, or broncho pneumonia,” where the 
smallest bronchi and alveolar walls are involved in the inflammatory process. For sim- 
plicity of description I shall retain the generic term bronchitis, dividing it into acute 
and chronic. 
The character of the inflammation, whatever part of the respiratory tract may be 
affected, is what is understood as catarrhal—that is, an inflammation in which, instead 
of an exudation rich in fibrin, there is a fluid secretion containing a large quantity of 
mucus and cellular elements. In this particular it differs most essentially from inflam- 
mation of the lungs, originating in the parenchyma, and from pleuro-pneumonia, in 
which the pleural surface, as well as the lung structure, is involved. The exudate in 
these is termed “croupous” or fibrinous. 
Causes.—Bronchitis, wherever its seat, is generally due to exposure to cold; it may 
supervene on an attack of ordinary catarrh, particularly if the animal be neglected, 
exposed to wet and cold, or kept in ill-ventilated stables. It may also arise without 
any premonitory catarrhal symptoms in both horses and cattle during voyages by sea, 
particularly if the weather be rough and stormy, and the animals battened down. 
During 1877 the author had the opportunity of seeing bronchitis in its purest form, and 
which proved fatal to many amongst foreign horses imported at Leith. An instructive 
fact in connection with these cases was that it appeared only after rough and stormy 
passages; when the weather was fine no cases were observed. 
40 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
41 
Among cattle shipped to this country from America during the earlier and spring 
months of 1879, bronchitis was observed almost identical with that seen among the- 
foreign horses already alluded to ; as the season advanced, and the weather became 
warm and less stormy, the disease disappeared. 
Bronchitis, like laryngitis, may be caused by the inhalation of irritant matters, and 
by the accidental entrance of foreign materials, as medicines or food, into the bronchial 
tubes. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes arising from the latter cause usually 
occurs in horned cattle, often as a sequel to parturient apoplexy, in which affection 
the power of deglutition is in a great measure lost, and where the sensibility of the 
glottis is, during the comatose stage, greatly diminished or entirely absent. In such 
cases fluid medicines incautiously administered enter the trachea and bronchi, and 
these may cause immediate death by suffocation, or, if not immediately fatal, induce a 
severe and perhaps fatal inflammation. 
Again, during the state of coma, semi-fluid ingesta are apt to flow into the mouth 
through the flaccid (esophagus, particularly if the cow lies with its head and anterior 
extremities lower than the posterior ones. In parturient fever there is also very often 
during the earlier stages some extent of antiperistaltic action of the (esophagus, with 
eructations of gases from the rumen ; along with such gases semi-fluid ingesta gain 
entrance into the fauces, and, owing to the paralyzed state of the glottis, fall into the 
larynx and trachea. 
Catarrh or bronchitis, from other than mechanical causes, may, particularly in cattle,, 
if the accompanying cough be long and powerful, cause some degree of vomition. 
The food thus vomited, or, in other words, coughed up, sometimes gains entrance into 
the trachea and causes a fatal issue. 
Along with Mr. Borthwick, Kirkiston, I saw cases of this kind in a herd of Irish 
cattle brought to Scotland, and which were suffering from bronchitis and gastric irri- 
tation from neglect and exposure. Four of the herd became much worse than the rest, 
one died, and the other three were slaughtered. In all of them the bronchial tubes 
were filled with ingesta, ejected into the fauces during violent fits of coughing. Again, 
in several specimens of the lungs of American cattle slaughtered at Liverpool, sup- 
posed to be affected with pleuro-pneumonia, food was found in the bronchi. Is it not 
possible that during a rough voyage cattle may suffer to some extent from sea-sickness, 
and even vomition, and that the vomited matters may gain access into the trachea and 
bronchi ? In others of the condemned American cattle the irritation was associated 
with the presence of filaria in the bronchi. Both the ingesta and the parasites were 
present only in a minority of the diseased lungs examined, and could therefore be only 
looked upon as accidental concomitants. 
Food sometimes gains access into the trachea in the course of dissolution, or even 
after death, particularly if the rumen be rather full of moist food; it will then be 
found in the greatest abundance in the trachea and larger bronchi, whereas in those 
instances in which it has been in the tubes for some time before death the food will 
often have disappeared from the larger into the smaller tubes and air cells. 
I have witnessed one case of fatal bronchitis in the horse, due to the entrance of 
vomited ingesta into the bronchi. Some days prior to its death fifteen minims of 
Fleming’s tincture of aconite had been administered; this brought on attempts at 
vomition and great distress. The animal’s respiration continued very highly accel- 
erated after the effects of the aconite had passed off, and continued until the animal 
died. A post-mortem examination revealed the fact that vomition had occurred, and 
that the small quantity of food thus expelled had entered the larnyx and gained access 
to the bronchi. 
ACUTE BRONCHITIS.- 
Symptoms.—Bronchitis consists of congestion of the bronchial tissues, associated at 
first with dryness, narrowing, and rigidity, and subsequently moisture, dilatation, and 
relaxation of the tubes. 
Owing to these changes, the vibrating sounds caused by the passage of air through 
the inflamed bronchi undergo variations, which indicate pretty clearly the dry or moist 
condition of the parts, or, as some term it, the dry or moist catarrh. 
As the symptoms are developed, the cough becomes hoarse, ringing, loud, and par- 
oxysmal ; the respirations are in some instances greatly accelerated, indeed out of all 
proportion to the pulse. For example, the pulse may be seventy or eighty per min- 
ute, and the respirations as numerous, or even more so. This indicates bronchitis af- 
fecting the smaller tubesand alveolar walls—catarrhal pneumonia—collapse of a more 
or less extensive area of lung structure, or even occlusion of non-inflamed bronchi and 
air vesicles by the gravitation into them of the catarrhal fluid, as shown in the wood 
cut. 
Bronchitis of the larger tubes is naturally less dangerous than the other two, and 
only proves fatal by inducing the two above-mentioned conditions, namely, col- 
lapse and occlusion of a more or less extensive breathing surface. 
Amongst the foreign horses above alluded to, it was noticed, where the discharge of 42 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
muco-ptirulent matter was most profuse, although some of the animals seemed to re- 
cover from the febrile disturbance and accelerated breathing of the acute stage, that 
they succumbed in from fourteen to thirty days afterwards from gangrene of the col- 
lapsed lungs, or putrefaction of the fluid incarcerated in the bronchi and air cells; 
both of these conditions being expressed by fceto’r of the breath, exhaustive diarrheas, 
metastatic inflammations of the articulations and feet, complete loss of appetite, rapid 
emaciation, fluttering pulse ’; at first great elevation of temperature—lo6° F. or more ; 
partial sweats upon the body, gasping respiration, some abdominal pain, and other 
signs of general septicsemia. 
In no case of pure bronchitis is the breathing painful, but short and quick, the tho- 
racic as well as the abdominal muscles being brought into full play; this distinguishes 
it from the breathing characteristic of pleurisy, in which the ribs are more or less 
fixed and the respirations abdominal. In ordinary cases of bronchitis the animal is 
dull, listless, sometimes semi-comatose; hangs its head; is generally thirsty; ropy 
saliva fills the mouth, which is hot and moist. The visible mucous membranes are 
infected and present a varying degree of lividity, due to non-oxidation of the blood. 
The animal stands in a corner or moves listlessly about. If in a box, and the door be 
open, it stands with its head to the open air, from which it evidently obtains relief. 
The bowels are generally somewhat constipated, the feces covered with mucus, but 
they easily respond to purgatives, showing that the alimentary mucous membrane 
participates in the irritation. The urine is high-colored, scanty, and if examined will 
be found to contain urea, mucus, and coloring matter in excess, and the chlorides in 
diminished quantities. 
As already stated, bronchitis of the larger tubes is not ordinarily a fatal disease, but 
when affecting the smaller bronchi and alveoli, particularly if associated with a pro- 
fuse discharge of a yellowish-colored, more or less tenacious fluid, which occludes the 
smaller bronchi and air cells, it is the most fatal chest disease that the author is ac- 
quainted with. This tendency to gravitation of the catarrhal fluid is explained by 
the fact that the columnar and ciliated epithelium are shed in the earlier stage of the 
attack and take no part whatever in the after changes which ensue. It is never seen 
again till the signs of acute inflammation, such as distension of the vessels and oedema 
of the basement membrane have passed off. Subsequently it is gradually repro- 
duced.—Dr. Hamilton, 
The muco-purulent material thus incarcerated is driven or impacted by the ramrod- 
like action of tbe inspirated air into the periphery of the smaller tubes and vesicles, 
and there constitutes those masses which may undergo putrefaction in the horse, caus- 
ing septicaemia, as already explained, and caseous masses, giving rise to tubercle in the 
ox. 
The physical signs of bronchitis are as follows: Percussion returns a more or less 
resonant sound, but auscultation will enable the practitioner to detect the nature and 
extent of the bronchial inflammation. Ehonchus, confined to the upper and middle 
third of the chest, with true respiratory murmur over the lower part, will indicate 
inflammation of the larger and middle-sized bronchial tubes and a condition of com- 
paratively little danger. Sibilua, heard at the lower parts, indicates a condition of 
much greater danger and that the disease involves the smaller tubes and air vesicles. 
Inspiration is generally shortened, expiration prolonged and more distinctly accompa- 
nied by the abnormal sounds. These sounds are succeeded at a later stage by moist 
bubbles, rattles, or rales—mucous rales. At first the discharge expelled by coughing 
is thick, tenacious, and gelatinous, or watery and scant. The lower animals do not, 
however, expectorate in the true sense of the word; some discharge issues from the 
nose, but the greater part of what is coughed up falls into the fauces and is swallowed. 
As the disease advances, however, a profuse discharge issues from the nostrils and the 
inflammation gradually subsides. The cough becomes less hoarse, more vigorous, and 
even more frequent than at first, but it gradually disappears; the discharge becomes 
again thinner, clearer, and eventually ceases. 
In some instances all sounds disappear from a certain part of the lungs. This is due 
to occlusion of the tubes and vesicles by the catarrhal secretion, or to more or less col- 
lapse of the vesicular tissue, dependent on obstruction to the passage of air during 
inspiration by glutinous or inspissated mucus. This collapse is often confined to indi- 
vidual lobules, which are thus condensed, heavy, indurated, and of a dark color, and 
may ultimately become hepatized, atrophied, or even emphysematous. 
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, like that affecting other mucous membranes, is 
attended with changes in their epithelium, the secretion of the glands, and in the sur- 
rounding tissues. 
It is rare to meet with a fatal case of bronchitis during its earlier stages, and but for 
the accidental slaughter in Liverpool of the American cattle already referred to, it 
would have been difficult to have given the details of the morbid anatomy. 
PATHOLOGY AND MORBID ANATOMY. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
43 
The appearance of the lung in the earlier stage of bronchitis, with collapse, that is 
to say, when it is observed prior to the commencement of secondary changes or pneu- 
monia, is as follows ; There are patches over its surface that have fallen below the 
level of surrounding parts; sometimes these depressions measure an eighth of an inch 
in depth ; they are of a bluish purple color, and variable in size. The parts around 
them are of a light pink hue, and are either healthy or in a more or less emphysematous 
condition. 
The depressions consist of certain lobules in a state of collapse arising from occlu- 
sion of their bronchial tubes by pus or other material. The collapsed portions are 
bluish-purple in color; non-crepitant and depressed, resembling fetal lungs sinking 
slowly in water. 
Collapse of the lung tissue, atelectasis, induces more or less congestion and subse- 
quent inflammation ; consequently it is found that broncho-pneumonia often succeeds 
bronchitis, due to the absence of the expansion and contraction of the air vesicles 
which normally aid the pulmonary circulation, and to arrestment of the blood-flow, 
owing to imperfect aeration. This congestion is soon succeeded by effusion of serum, 
and the bluish-purple collapsed portions become darker in color and less resistant in 
consistence. They, however, retain some degree of elasticity, for, if not too rudely 
pulled out, they do not tear as in pleuro pneumonia; if cut into and exposed to the 
atmosphere for a few minutes the bluish-purple color becomes bright scarlet. It is 
important to bear in mind that the pneumonic process which supervenes in bronchitis 
is principally confined to those portions of the lungs in which collapse has taken place. 
Sometimes the collapse is isolated, invading but small portions of the lungs. This 
condition is not rarely witnessed in parasitic bronchial disease. These limited col- 
lapsed portions vary in size, are rather wedge-shaped, and have their apices towards 
the obstructed bronchus. The lung tissue surrounding them may be more or less con- 
gested, or it may be emphysematous, but no juice is exuded from them when cut into, 
as in acute pleuro-pneumonia. 
Professor Gairdner was, I believe, the first to show that condensation of the vesicu- 
lar substance occurs as a result of mucus or other obstruction in the air-tubes leading to 
the condensed portion. It is at first sight difficult to understand how incomplete obstruc- 
tions of the bronchi—and these obtain much more frequently than absolutely complete 
occlusion—cause collapse. One would suppose that some quantity of air would gain 
access into the vesicles, but such is apparently not the case; and it seems that the air 
gradually finds its way out by the edges of the obstructing substance. The expiratory 
force, so long as there is air in the vesicles, constantly tends to dislodge the obstruct- 
ing body by pushing it toward the wider (proximal) end of the tube, whilst the in- 
spiratory drives it inwards toward the narrower tubes, which it effectually occludes. 
The entrance of air is thus more or less effectually opposed and its exit permitted, so 
that ultimately the vesicles beyond become completely emptied ; in fact, the plug acts 
as a valve, allowing the air to pass in one direction but opposing its passage in the 
other. Where the obstruction is complete from the commencement the air is absorbed. 
It had been supposed by Laeunec that the emphysema or, more correctly, over-disten- 
sion with air of the parts surrounding the collapsed lobules was due to what he thought 
a fact, that the act of inspiration was more powerful than that of expiration ; so that 
though air could be drawn through the obstruction it could not be breathed out. In con- 
sequence, it accumulated inthe ultimate pulmonary vesicles, became expanded by heat, 
and so acted mechanically as a dilator. Dr. Gairdner, however, pointed out that ex- 
piration is a much more powerful act than inspiration, and that there is never any 
difficulty in causing expulsion of air, provided always there be no obstruction in the 
tubes. Emphysema, then, does not occur in the vesicles connected with obstructed 
tubes, but in those which are adjacent. When the lungs are free from disease the col- 
umn of air presses equally in all the tubes and vesicles ; but when one portion con- 
nected with any obstruction is collapsed, then the adjacent parts are over-expanded, 
so as to occupy the space previously filled by the former. 
At a later stage the contents of the obstructed bronchi are pushed by the weight of 
the descending or inspired atmosphere into the most minute bronchi, alveoli, and air 
vesicles, always from the center towards the periphery, and appear as minute white 
points beneath the pleural surface. They are well shown in the figure. 
On cutting into the lungs, it will be found that the large and small tubes, and some- 
times the trachea, contain an amount of fluid. This condition, as well as the collapse, 
is limited in the majority of instances to the small or anterior lobes of the lungs, and 
rarely, except by extension, affects the large lobes, not only in ordinary but in mechan- 
ical bronchitis. This fact is of importance, as pleuro-pneumonia contagiosa, with 
which the disease under consideration has been confounded, generally commences in 
the larger lobes, either in their centers or towards their posterior edges. 
The fluid contained in the tubes is thick and has a yellow color; in the trachea it is 
more or less frothy; and is abundant in the smaller bronchi, as shown in the figure. 
If the lungs in this condition be squeezed, little pellets of yellow matter are pressed 
out. Sometimes these pellets are too small to be seen by the naked eye, and require CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
the aid of a magnifying glass. If the bronchitis he associated with catarrhal pneu- 
monia, elevated patches will be apparent on the cut surface, having a grayish-red 
color. They are soft to the touch, and if squeezed the same muco-purulent matter 
exudes from them, or from a small bronchus which may happen to communicate with 
the particular group of vesicles implicated. 
Dr. Hamilton, in his series of papers on bronchitis, published in the Practitioner 
for 1879, states it is a matter of difficulty in man to get at the first change which en- 
sues in the bronchi in acute catarrh. He has, however, been able to verify his observa- 
tions by an examination along with myself of the lungs of American cattle slaughtered 
in the earlier stages of bronchitis; in fact before any external signs of disease were 
manifested. He says, “On careful comparison, however, of many cases, we feel as- 
sured that the first deviation visible is a relaxation and distension of the abundant plexus 
of blood-vessels ramifying in the inner fibrous coat, immediately beneath the basement 
membrane—that is to say, of the branches of the bronchial artery. They become en- 
gorged with blood, so that on transverse section they appear like little cavities dis- 
tended with blood corpuscles. In a few hours afterward the basement membrane* 
becomes much more apparent than it usually is, and at the same time more clear 
and homogeneous, while the surface is thrown into many folds. These changes in the 
basement membrane are apparently due to its becoming cedematous, serous fluid be- 
ing infiltrated into it from the underlying plexus of distended vessels; and we shall 
see that, as the acute irritation continues, this cedematous state of the basement mem- 
brane becomes more and more a well-marked feature. The next change, so far as we, 
have been able to calculate, occurs in from twenty to thirty hours after the primary 
distension of the vessels, and consists in the loosening and desquamation of the col- 
umnar epithelium at the foci of greatest congestion. 
“ The columnar epithelium is thus shed at a very early stage of the attack, and takes 
no part whatever in the after changes which ensue. It is never seen again until the 
other signs of acute inflammation, such as the distension of the vessels and oedema of 
the basment membrane have passed off. Subsequently we shall see that it is gradu- 
ally reproduced. The cause of this desquamation of the columnar epithelium seems 
to be the oedema of the basment membrane loosening its underlying attachments, very 
much in the same way as the vesicles which form in an acute inflammatory affection 
of the skin loosen the attachments of the superficial layer of epidermis. The removal 
of this protective covering from the mucous membrane naturally leaves the latter in 
an exposed condition, and no doubtthe feeling of rawness experienced in acute ca- 
tarrh of the bronchi is due to the cold air acting upon an over-stimulated and exposed 
mucous membrane. And, further, it can easily be understood that, where this desqua- 
mation takes place to an inordinately great extent, the loss of the ciliary action of the 
columnar cells will seriously interfere with expectoration, and tend to cause the ca- 
tarrhal products to gravitate downward towards the smaller bronchi and air ves- 
icles. This description essentially coincides with what Socoloff found experiment- 
ally in animals (Virchow’s Archiv., vol. 68, p. 611), in which he induced an artificial 
bronchitis by the injection of irritants, such as potassic bichromate, into the air pas- 
sages. He states that one of the first changes which ensued was the desquamation of 
the columnar cells, and that they took no part in the catarrhal inflammatory process.’’ 
This early shedding of the columnar cells, and their non-reproduction until after the 
subsidence of the inflammatory process, is a fact of real importance, as it goes a long 
way to explain the occurrence of those caseous tumors which give rise to tubercle, and 
are so often confounded with that growth. 
The pneumonic process, which may supervene either by extension of the inflamma- 
tory process from the tubes to the alveoli or the irritation of inhaled inflammatory 
products subsequent to collapse, is, in the earlier stage, commonly limited to scattered 
groups of air-vesicles ; hence the term “lobular” which is applied to it. It causes 
the portions affected to appear as scattered, ill-defined nodules of consolidation, irregu- 
lar in size, and passing insensibly into the surrounding tissue, which is variously al- 
tered by collapse, emphysema, and congestion. These nodules are of a reddish-gray 
color, faintly granular or smooth, slightly elevated, and soft in consistence. As they 
increase in size they may become confluent; and in a more advanced stage they be- 
come paler, drier, firmer, and, to some extent, resemble ordinary gray hepatization. 
Microscopically examined, they are seen to consist of cellular elements accumulated 
in the alveoli. 
The disease may, as already remarked, terminate fatally by the absorption of the 
putrescent catarrhal products, by gangrene of the collapsed lungs, or by sudden effu- 
sion of fluid into the bronchi, constituting what is termed “ suffocative catarrh.” If 
a fatal termination does not ensue the contents of the alveoli undergo degeneration 
and are gradually removed by discharge, or by absorption, or by coalescence form cas- 
eous masses, which may become encapsuled, undergo the calcareous change, and thus 
become innocuous; or may induce a diathesis, leading to the actual development of 
*The basement membrane is not so apparent in the lower animals as in man. PlateTl. 
Drawings showing comparative appearances of PumO-PNEUMONIA COOTAGIOSA AND BRONCHITIS, 
A. Pleuro -pneumonia. 
After Prof. WAVilluwns. 
ii ii»iiiiiiy»ii|iw|iiiwppwii|lliPpi||Eiiil ill 1 i 
11. Internal aspect of same lime,showing marbled condition. 
1. 'Mill 
External aspect 
exudation on pleural surface. 
1 
•5 
§ 
I 
a 
<* 
o 
W Plate 111. 
H. Internal aspect of same, bronchi tilted with catarrhal products. 
B. Bronchitis .(Eariieststage). 
After Prof. W.Williams. 
External aspect 
some of the 
lobules in a state of 
collapse from occlusion of bronchi. 
A.Hoen& Co.litliocaustic,Baltinioi'e. Plate IV. 
Contagious Pleuro-Pneumonia of Cattle. 
Fig.l—Small bronchus in acute bronchitis, occluded by a plug 
of catarrhal secretion.-350 diam. a, Catarrhal plug, h, Epithe- 
lium lining irorudius; c, Sm'rounding adventitious coat infiltra- 
ted until cells.-(From . Irnerican ojc condemned atLiveipoejl for 
pleuro-pneumonia*.) 
Fig,2— Portion of lung from .drnciican ox slaughtered at 
Liverpool, and showing bronchitis in the very earliest 
stages ( a a, collapsed lobules ) from obstruction of tubes. 
The elevations (h h. non collapsed lobules)are slightly em- 
physema to us. 
A.Hoen. &• Co.lifliotaiishe .Baltimore Plate Y. 
Contagious Pleuro -Pneumonia of Cattle 
Era .2-Pleural aspect of pulmonary lobe from American ox 
slaughtered at Liverpool; alveoli Riled with mucopurulent 
matter'ipleural surface intact. The microscopic examina - 
tion revealed branch o-pmeumonia in some of the alvcedi 
tsee Rtf 6)t whilst others showed no traces of inf lam rneition 
(see Rcj.l), but were merely Riled with the inhaled bronchial 
secretions. 
Ro. 4 -Section of portion of lung, the external aspect is shown 
in fig.3. The larger (a ) and smaller bronchi and air vesicles 
lb) Riled udth purulent matter. 
A.Hom& Co.Litiiocanstic.Briltimore Contagious Pleuro-Pneumonia of Cattle. 
Plate VI. 
Ii&. s—Bronchus fmedium sized) in acute bronchitis—(JFme- 
ricarr ojc slaughtered at Liverpool.) 
•'a)l)ecjj layer of epithelium, germinating and fhroming off 
catarrhal cells. 
(h) Inner' fibrous coat, infiltrated rvith inflammatory cells. 
(480 (Ham.) The columnar ejnfheliuni shed. 
TY&.6 —Jfcute catarrhal pneumonia (. American or)-Section 
through several air vesicles. Shores the alveolar cavities fil- 
led with large granular catarrhal cells fcj. fl>) Catarrhal cells 
sprouting from the. alveolar wall, fa) Coagulated mucus in. 
which the catarrhal cells lie.—ft SO diam.) 
A.Horn 8c Co.Lithocairstic,Baltimore. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
45 
tubercle in the ox and to symptoms simulating phthisis pulmonalis in the horse ; that 
is to say, an accumulation of catarrhal products, epithelial and other cells within the 
pulmonary alveoli, cellular infiltration and thickening of the walls of the alveoli and 
bronchi, increase in the interlobular connective tissue, with, in some instances, the 
occurrence of fibrinous masses intermixed with leucocytes in the alveoli, as demon- 
strated by Zenker, of Dresden, but without—except very rarely, indeed, in the horse— 
the occurrence of tubercular tumors (grapes) in the serous membranes and parenchyma 
of organs. 
In all cases of bronchitis the bronchial glands undergo some change. In the earlier 
stages they are increased in size, contain the products of the bronchitis conveyed by 
the lymph tract, become more or less friable in consistence, and in more advanced 
bronchial inflammation distended with catarrhal elements, both glands and contents 
undergoing the caseous metamorphosis, the products of which may either liquefy or 
become infiltrated with calcareous matter. 
THE CONTAGIOUS DISEASES (ANIMALS) ACT, 32 AND 33 VICT., AND ORDERS 
FOR GREAT BRITAIN. 
Chapter 70.—An act to consolidate, amend, and make perpetual the acts for preventing the introduc - 
tion or spreading of contagious diseases among cattle and other animals in Great Britain. f9th 
August, 1860.] 
Whereas, it is expedient to confer on Her Majesty’s most honorable privy council 
power to take such measures as may appear from time to time necessary to prevent 
the introduction into Great Britain of contagious or infectious diseases among cattle, 
sheep, and other animals, by prohibiting or regulating the importation of foreign 
animals; and it is further expedient to provide against the spreading of such diseases 
in Great Britain, and to consolidate and amend and make perpetual the acts relating 
thereto, and to make such other provisions as are contained in this act: 
Be it therefore enacted by the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the 
advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal and commons, in this present 
Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : 
Part I.—Preliminary.1] 
1. This act may be cited as the contagious diseases (animals) act, 1869. 
2. This act shall not extend to Ireland. 
3. This act is divided into parts, as follows : 
Part I.—Preliminary. 
Part II.—Local authorities. 
Part 111.—Foreign animals. 
Part 1Y.—Discovery and prevention of diseases. 
Part V.—Slaughter in cattle-plague: compensation. 
Part VI.—Orders of council and of local authorities. 
Part Vll.—Lands. t 
Part Vlll.—Expenses of local authorities. 
Part IX.—Offenses and legal proceedings. 
Part X.—Scotland. 
4. The acts described in the first schedule to this act are hereby repealed; but this 
repeal shall not extend to Ireland, or affect the past operation of any of those acts, or 
effect any order of Her Majesty in council made, or any order or regulation of the 
privy council or of a local authority made, or any license granted, or any commit- 
tee or subcommittee constituted, or any appointment made, or any right, title, 
obligation or liability accrued, or any rate or mortgage made, or the validity or 
invalidity of anything done or suffered under any of those acts before the passing 
of this act; nor shall this repeal interfere with the institution or prosecution of 
any proceeding in respect of any offense committed against, or any penalty or for- 
feiture incurred under, any of the acts repealed by this act, or any order or regulation 
made thereunder, or take away or abridge any protection conferred or secured by any 
of those acts in relation to anything done thereunder before the passing of this act; 
and notwithstanding the repeal by this act of any of those acts, every local authority 
constituted thereby or thereunder shall (subject to any provision of this act altering 
the local authority or the constitution thereof in any case) continue as if this act 
had not been passed; and every such order, regulation, license, subcommittee, and 
appointment, as aforesaid, shall continue and be as if this act had not been passed; 
but so that the same may be revoked, altered, or otherwise dealt with under this 
act, as if the same had been made, granted, or constituted under this act. 46 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
5. In tins act the term “the privy council” means the lords and others of Her 
Majesty’s most honorable privy council. 
All or any powers by this act conferred on the privy council may he exercised by 
those lords and others, or any two or more of them. 
Powers by this act conferred on the privy council may, as regards the making of 
orders affecting only specified ports, towns, or places, or parts thereof, and as regards 
the issuing and revocation of licenses under any order of council, be exercised by the 
lord president of the council, or one of Her Majesty’s principal secretaries of state. 
6. In this act— 
The term “ cattle ” means bulls, cows, oxen, heifers, and calves. 
The term “ animal ” means, except where it is otherwise expressed, cattle, sheep, 
goats, and swine. 
The term “foreign,” as applied to cattle or animals, means brought from any place 
out of the United Kingdom. 
The term “ cattle plague ” means the rinderpest, or disease commonly called the 
cattle plague. 
The term “ contagious or infectious disease ” includes cattle plague, pleuropneu- 
monia, foot-and-mouth disease, sheep-pox, sheep-scab, and glanders,* and any disease 
which the privy council from time to time by order declares to be a contagious or in- 
fectious disease for the purposes of this act. 
The term “ railway company ” includes a company or person working a railway, 
under lease or otherwise. 
The term “ person ” includes a body corporate or unincorporate. 
7. In this act— 
The term “ borough ” means a place which is for the time being subject to the act 
of the session of the fifth and sixth years of the reign of King William the Fourth 
(chapter 76), “ to provide for the regulation of municipal corporations in England 
and Wales,” or which is a town or place having under any general or local act of Par- 
liament or otherwise a separate police establishment. 
The term “ county ” does not include a county of a city or county of a town, but in- 
cludes any riding division or parts of a county, having a separate commission of the 
peace. 
The term “ metropolis ” includes all parishes and places in which the metropolitan 
board of works have or had power to levy a main drainage rate. 
For the purposes of this act, the liberty of St. Albans, the liberty of the Isle of Ely, 
and the soke of Peterborough shall, respectively, be deemed separate counties; but 
all other liberties and franchises of counties shall be considered as forming part of the 
county by which they are surrounded; or if partly surrounded by two or more counties, 
then as forming part of that county with which they have the longest common 
boundary. 
Every place that is not a borough, a county, or part of the metropolis, as respectively 
defined in this act, or is not separately mentioned in the second schedule to this act, 
shall be deemed to form part of a county, as defined in this act, to the county rate 
whereof it is assessed; or if it is not so assessed, then of the county within which it 
is situate. 
8. The schedules to this act shall be construed and have effect as part of this act. 
Part II.—Local authorities. 
9. For the purposes of this act, the respective districts, authorities, rates or funds, 
and officers described in the second schedule to this act shall be the district, the local 
authority, the local rate, and the clerk of the local authority. 
Notwitstanding anything in this act, or the second schedule thereto, within the city 
of London and the liberties thereof the mayor, aldermen, and commons of the city of 
*By an order of council (365) dated 30th June, 1873, it was enacted that, after the 2d day of July 
1873— 
“ Farcy is hereby declared to he a contagious disease for the purposes of the act of 1869, and all the 
provisions relating to contagious or infectious diseases contained in any order of council for the time 
being in force thereunder shall also apply to farcy. 
“ Where a local authority is authorized by the privy council to make regulations for the purpose of 
preventing the spread of glanders and farcy, or either of them, the local authority may make regula- 
tions for the following purposes, or any of them: 
“For prohibiting or regulating the movement out of any field, stable, shed, or other premises in which 
glanders or farcy has been found to exist, of any horse that is, or has been, affected with glanders or 
farcy, or that has been in the same field, stable, shed, or other premises with or in contact with any 
horse affected with glanders or farcy.” 
Another order in council, dated 7th of August, 1874, states that this of 1873, “ Shall have effect as if 
in article 2 thereof the words glanders and farcy were substituted for the words contagious and in- 
fectious.” 
The committee on this act, in August, 1873, recommended “ that the slaughter of horses affected with 
glanders should be compulsory, but that payment should be made to the owner for the value of the 
carcasses.” CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
47 
London shall he the local authority, and the town clerk shall be the clerk of the local 
authority, and the consolidated rate shall he the local rate; but the city of London 
and the liberties thereof shall nevertheless be deemed part of the metropolis for the 
purposes of the local rate described in the second schedule to this act in relation to 
the metropolis. 
11. With respect to committees of a local authority, the following provisions shall 
have effect: 
(1.) A local authority shall form a committee or committees, and may delegate to 
any such committee all or any powers conferred on the local authority by this act, ex- 
cept the power to make a rate. 
(2.) A local authority may from time to time revoke or alter any power given by 
them to a committee. 
(3.) A local authority may appoint and designate any such committee as their ex- 
ecutive committee for the purposes of this act. 
(4.) Such an executive committee shall have all the powers of the local authority 
under this act, except the power to make a rate, and may appoint a subcommittee or 
subcommittees, and delegate to them all or any powers of the executive committee, 
with or without conditions or restrictions, and from time to time revoke or alter any 
such delegation, and fix the quorum, and add to or diminish the number of the mem- 
bers, or otherwise alter the constitution of a subcommittee, and lay down rules for 
the guidance of a subcommittee, who shall act accordingly. 
(5.) Proceedings of a committee or subcommittee shall not be invalidated by any 
vacancy in the committee or subcommittee, or, in case of a committee appointed by 
general or quarter sessions of a county, by the termination of the sessions at which they 
were appointed. 
(6.) In case of the formation of two or more committees, they shall act according 
to rules laid down for their guidance by the local authority. 
(7.) The regulations contained in the third schedule to this act shall have effect 
with respect to the committees and subcommittees. 
Inspectors and officers. 
12. Every local authority shall from time to time appoint so many inspectors and 
other officers as appear to the local authority necessary for the execution of this act, 
and shall assign them such duties and award them such salaries or allowances as the 
local authority think fit, and may at any time revoke any appointment so made, but 
so that every local authority shall at all times keep appointed at least one inspector. 
13. The privy council, if satisfied on inquiry that an inspector appointed by a local 
authority is incompetent, or has been guilty of misconduct or neglect in the discharge 
of his duty, may, if they think fit, direct his removal, and thereupon he shall cease 
to be an inspector for the purposes of this act. 
14. Every local authority, and every inspector appointed by a local authority, shall 
make such reports to the privy council as the privy council may from time to time re- 
quire. 
Part lll.—Foreign animals. 
15, The privy council may from time to time by order define the limits of ports for 
the purpose of this part of this act. 
16. The privy council may from time to time by order, in relation to foreign animals, 
or to any specified kind of foreign animals, or to foreign animals, or any specified 
kind thereof, brought from any specified country or place, prohibit the landing thereof 
either generally, or in any specified port, or in any defined part thereof, or elsewhere 
than in some specified port or ports, or than in some- defined part or parts thereof. 
This section shall extend to horses and other animals not within the definition of 
animals in this act. 
17. The privy council may from time to time by order apply to the landing, either 
generally or with specified exceptions, or in some specified port, or in some defined 
part thereof, of foreign animals, or of any specified kind of foreign animals, or of for- 
eign animals, or any specified kind thereof, brought from any specified country or 
place, and to the movement and disposal thereof when landed, the regulations con- 
tained in the fourth schedule to this act, or any of them. 
18. The privy council may from time to time by order, in relation to foreign animals 
or to any specified kind of foreign animals, or to foreign animals or any specified 
kind thereof, brought from any specified country or place, add to or vary the regula- 
tions contained in the fourth schedule to this act. 
19. Where the regulations contained in the fourth schedule to this act, or any of 
them (with or without addition or variations.) are in operation in respect of a port or 
a defined part thereof, then all animals for the time being within that port or defined 
part shall, subject to any order of the privy council to the contrary, be deemed for- 
eign animals, and the same regulations shall apply thereto accordingly. 48 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
20. The privy council, may from time to time by order make such regulations as 
they think expedient for imposing conditions on the landing of or for subjecting to 
inspection or to quarantine foreign animals, or any specified kind of foreign animals, 
or foreign animals, or any specified kind thereof brought from any specified country or 
place. 
This section shall extend to horses and other animals not within the definition of 
animals in this act. 
21. If any person lands or attempts to land any foreign animal (including any horse 
or other animal not within the definition of animals in this act) in contravention of 
any order of the privy council, the animals shall be forfeited in like manner as goods 
the importation whereof is hereby prohibited by the acts relating to the customs are 
liable to be forfeited, and the person so offending shall be liable to such penalties as 
are imposed on persons importing or attempting to import goods the importation 
whereof is prohibited by the acts relating to the customs, without prejudice to any pro- 
ceeding against him under this act or any such order, but so that no person be pun- 
ished twice for the same offense. 
Article 9 of order in council (341), dated December 20, 1871, specifies that “ animals 
landed from a vessel shall, on a certificate of an inspector appointed by the privy coun- 
cil in that behalf, certifying to the effect that the foregoing regulations, or some or one 
of them, have not or has not been observed in the vessel, be detained at the landing- 
place, or in lairs adjacent thereto, until the privy council otherwise direct.” 
22. There shall be published in the Loudon Gazette, once in every month, under the 
direction of the privy council, a return of the number of foreign animals brought by 
sea to any port in Great Britain, which on inspection on landing within the then last 
preceding month have been found to be affected with any contagious or infectious 
disease, specifying the disease and the ports from which and to which such animals 
are brought, and the mode in which such animals have been disposed of. 
23. A local authority may provide, erect, and fit up wharves, lairs, sheds, mar- 
kets, houses, and places for the landing, reception, sale, and slaughter of foreign 
animals. 
24. There shall be incorporated with this part of this act the markets and fairs 
clauses act, 1847; and, for the purposes of the application and construction of that act 
in conjunction with this part of this act, any place provided by a local authority under 
this part of this act for the landing, reception, sale, or slaughter of foreign animals 
shall be deemed a market, and this part of this act shall be deemed the special act, 
and the prescribed limits shall be deemed to be the limits of the lands acquired for 
the purposes of this part of this act; and by-laws shall be approved by the privy 
council, which approval shall be sufficient without any other approval or any allow- 
ance thereof (notice of application for such approval being nevertheless given, and 
proposed by-laws being published before application for approval, in like manner as 
under that act, notice of application for allowance and publication before that applica- 
tion are required to be made). 
25. A local authority may charge for the use of any wharf, lair, shed, market, house, 
or place provided by them under this part of this act, such sums as they from time to 
time by by-laws appoint. 
26. A local authority, on exercising for the purposes of this part of this act the bor- 
rowing powers vested in them under this act, may, if they think fit, give as security 
for repayment of money borrowed with interest (either together with the local rate, if 
any, or separately therefrom) the charges which they are authorized to make under 
this part of this act, and any estates, revenues, or funds belonging to them and not 
otherwise appropriated by law. 
27. All money received by a local authority from charges made by them under this 
part of this act shall be carried to a separate account, and shall be applied in payment 
of interest on money borrowed by them for the purposes of this part of this act, and 
in repayment of the principal thereof, and subject thereto towards discharge of ex- 
penses incurred by them in the execution of this act. 
1. By an order in council (342) of December 20, 1871, additional regulations are laid 
down with, regard to foreign cattle, and which were to take effect from the 31st of that month. 
2. This order may be cited as the foreign animals order of 1871. 
3. This order extends to Great Britain only. 
4. In this order— 
The act of 1869 means the contagious diseases (animals) act, 1869. 
A defined part of a port means a part of a port defined by a special order of the 
privy council in pursuance of regulations 2 of the fourth schedule to the act of 1869. 
Landing-place for slaughter means a landing-place within a defined part of a port. 
Master includes any person having the charge or command of a vessel. 
Other terms, except when otherwise expressed, have the same meaning as in the act 
of 1869. 
5. Foreign animals shall not be landed at any place except the ports comprised in 
the first schedule in this order. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
49 
6. Foreign animals landed at any port sliall be landed in such manner, within snch 
times, and subject to such supervision and control as the commissioners of Her Maj- 
esty’s customs from time to time direct, and when landed shall be placed under the 
charge of a veterinary inspector appointed in that behalf by the privy council, and 
shall be dealt with in accordance with the instructions from time to time given by 
the privy council. 
7. Foreign animals shall, except as in this order provided, be detained for at least 
twelve hours after landing in some lair or other proper place adjacent to the landing- 
place, and shall be inspected by the veterinary inspector of the privy council. 
8. Where one part of a cargo of foreign animals is landed at one place and another 
part is landed at another place, or where parts of a cargo of foreign animals are landed 
at different times at the same place, twelve hours’ detention shall commence from 
the time of the landing of the last animal of the cargo; and if any contagious or in- 
fectious disease is detected in any animal of the cargo, every animal in each separate' 
part of the cargo shall be dealt with as if the disease had been detected in an animal 
in each separate part. 
9. Where any foreign animal forming part of one cargo has not been kept separate 
from any foreign animal forming part of another cargo, all the foreign animals form- 
ing such cargoes shall be treated as forming one cargo. 
10. A veterinary inspector of the privy council may detain, for any period that he 
thinks necessary or proper, any foreign animals (including horses and other animals 
not within the definition of animals in the act of 1869) which he has reason to suspect 
are affected with any contagious or infectious disease, or may introduce any such dis- 
ease. 
11. If any foreign sheep or swine are found to be affected writh any contagious or in- 
fectious disease (except cattle plague) such sheep or swine shall be kept separate from 
those of the same cargo not found to be so affected ; and the slaughter of those not 
found to be so affected may, with the permission of the veterinary inspector of the 
privy council, be begun at any time before the expiration of the twelve hours’ deten- 
tion, and be continued without intermission. 
12. No animal, carcass, hide, meat, or offal, and no hay, straw, litter, or other things 
commonly used for food of animals, or otherwise for or about animals, and no dung, 
shall be removed from their lair or other place adjacent to the landing place where for- 
eign animals are detained, except with the permission of the veterinary inspector of the 
privy council, and, if the inspector is of opinion that any such animal or thing as afore- 
said may introduce any contagious or infectious disease, the same shall be slaughtered, 
destroyed, or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the instructions from time to 
time given by the privy council. 
13. Subject to any provision in this or any other order to the contrary, all the regu- 
lations in the fourth schedule to the act of 1869 shall apply to cattle brought from any 
port or any of the countries comprised in the second schedule to this order; and, sub- 
ject as aforesaid, all such cattle shall be slaughtered within ten days after the landing 
thereof, exclusive of the day of landing. 
14. The landing of foreign cattle elsewhere than at a landing place for slaughter 
shall be subject to the following conditions : 
First. That the vessel in which they are imported has not, within three mouths 
before taking them on board, had on board any cattle exported from any port of any 
of the countries comprised in the second schedule to this order. 
Secondly. That the vessel has not, since taking on board the cattle imported, 
entered any port of any of those countries. 
Thirdly. That the cattle imported have not, while on board the vessel, been in con- 
tact with any cattle exported from any port of any of those countries. 
And foreign cattle shall not be landed elsewhere than at a landing place for slaugh- 
ter, unless and until— 
(l.) The owner or charterer of the vessel in which they are imported, or his agent 
in Great Britain, has entered into a bond to Her Majesty the Queen, in a sum not 
exceeding one thousand pounds, with or without a surety or sureties, to the satisfac- 
tion of the commissioners of Her Majesty’s customs, conditioned for the observance 
of the foregoing conditions in relation to cattle to be landed under this order from 
the vessel; and 
(2.) The master of the vessel has on each occasion of importation of cattle therein 
satisfied the commissioners of Her Majesty’s customs or their proper officer, by declar- 
ation made and signed or otherwise, that none of the cattle then imported therein have 
been exported from any port of any of the countries comprised in the second sched- 
ule to this order, and that the foregoing conditions have been observed in relation to 
all the cattle then imported therein. 
15. Foreign animals landed from a vessel elsewhere than at a landing place for 
slaughter shall not be moved therefrom or be allowed to come in contact with any 
other animals until they have been examined by the veterinary inspector appointed in 50 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
that behalf by the privy council, and according to the result of such inspection the 
following consequences shall ensue : 
(1.) If the inspector certifies that all the animals landed from the vessel are free 
from contagious or infectious disease, they shall thereupon cease to be deemed for- 
eign animals. 
(2.) If the inspector certifies, with respect to any one or more of the animals landed 
from the vessel, that it or they is or are affected with any contagious or infectious dis- 
ease, all the animals then imported in the vessel shall he slaughtered or otherwise dealt 
with in accordance with the instructions from time to time given by the privy council. 
16. The regulations of the fourth sehedule to the act of 1869 shall not apply to 
any milch cow brought from a port of any of the countries comprised in the second 
schedule to this order, provided the commissioners of Her Majesty’s customs are, on 
each occasion of the same being so brought, satisfied that the same had been taken from 
Great Britain to that port, and has not been landed at that port or at any other port 
of any of those countries; and in relation to the landing, on any occasion, of any 
such milch cow in Great Britain elsewhere than at a landing place for slaughter, the 
condition that the vessel has not, since taking on board the cattle imported, entered 
any port of any of those countries, shall not operate provided the commissioners of 
Her Majesty’s customs are on each occasion satisfied as aforesaid; and the twelve 
hours’ detention may be enforced on board the vessel. 
17. In the case of a foreign animal which is brought in a vessel from any country 
other than those comprised in the second schedule to this order, but which was not 
taken on board for importation into Great Britain, the twelve hours’ detention may be 
enforced on board the vessel. 
18. If a vessel arriving at a port has on board the carcass of a foreign animal (in- 
cluding a horse) which was taken on board for the purpose of importation, but has 
died on the voyage, the master of the vessel shall, immediately on arrival, report the 
fact to the principal officer of Her Majesty’s customs at the port. 
No such carcass shall be landed or discharged from the vessel without the permis- 
sion in writing of the principal officer. 
19. Where it appears to the principal officer of Her Majesty’s customs at a port, 
with respect to any foreign animal (including a horse or other animal not within the 
definition of animals in the act of 1869), or any hay, straw, fodder, or other article, 
brought by sea to the port, that contagion or infection may be thereby conveyed to 
animals, he may seize and detain the same, and he shall forthwith report the facts to 
the commissioners of Her Majesty’s customs, who may give such directions as they 
think fit, either for the slaughter or destruction or the further detention thereof, or 
for the restoration thereof to the owner on such conditions, if any (including pay- 
ment by the owner of expenses incurred by them in respect of detention thereof), as 
they think fit. 
20. Foreign cattle, sheep, goats, and swine, in a defined part of a port (except sheep, 
goats, and swine in a defined part of the port of London) shall be marked as follows: 
Cattle.—By clipping a broad arrow, about five inches long, on the left quarter (in 
addition to clipping the hair off the end of the tail, as prescribed by regulation 4 of 
the fourth schedule to the act of 1869). 
Sheep and goats.—By clipping a broad arrow, about four inches long, on the fore- 
head. 
Swine.—By printing a broad arrow, about three incnes long, on the left side with 
the following composition, namely: Rosin, five parts; oil of turpentine, two parts ; 
and red ocher, one part; melted and use warm. 
21. Where any regulation relating to foreign animals is in operation, the local au- 
thority and all constables and police officers shall assist the veterinary inspector of 
the privy council to carry the same into effect and to enforce the same, and shall do 
or cause to be done all things from time to time necessary for the effectual execution 
of the same. 
22. A person for the time being appointed by the privy council an inspector, for the 
purposes of the act of 1869, shall have at every port all such powers, authorities, and 
privileges as a veterinary inspector specially appointed by the privy council for the 
inspection of foreign animals has at any specified port. . 
23. In paragraph 5 of the fourth schedule to the act of 1869, the words privy coun- 
cil shall be deemed to be substituted for the words commissioners of customs. 
24. For the explanation and amendment of certain orders of council having a local 
operation only, the following provisions shall have effect: 
(1.) Any defined part of a port for cattle shall be deemed a defined part of the same 
port for animals. 
(2.) In the order of the Ist day of October, 1870, defining parts of the port of South- 
ampton, the words, “ the veterinary inspector appointed in that behalf by the privy 
council” shall be deemed to be substituted for the words “ an officer of customs.” 
| In an order in council, of August 7, 1874, cited as the “ animals (amendment) order 
of 1874,” the words of which were to have the same meaning as in the act of 1869, it CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
51 
is stated that (3) the foreign animals order of 1871 “ has and shall have effect subject 
and hy way of supplement to the animals order of 1871; and nothing in the foreign 
animals order of 1871 interferes or shall interfere with the execution or discharge by 
the local authority, or the inspector or other officer of the local authority, of any 
power or duty conferred or imposed on them or him by the act of 1869, or by any order 
of council.” It also states that (4) “ Regulation 7of the fourth schedule to the act of 
1869, shall apply in every case where a vessel comes into port having on board foreign 
animals maimed or injured on the voyage ; but notwithstanding anything in section 
nineteen of the act of 1369, any animals being at any time within such port shall not 
be deemed foreign animals by reason only of anything in this order.” 
An order in council (351) further regulates the importation of cattle from Russia. 
It is dated July 19, 1872, and specifies— 
1. This order shall take effect from and immediately after the nineteenth day of 
July, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two ; and words in this order have the 
same meaning as in the act of 1869. 
2. Cattle brought from any place in the dominions of the Emperor of Russia shall 
not be landed at any port or place in Great Britain. 
3. The following articles brought from any place in the dominions of the Emperor 
of Russia shall not be landed at any port or place in Great Britain: Manure or hay. 
4. The following articles brought from any place in the dominions of the Emperor 
of Russia shall not be landed at any port or place in Great Britain, except at the ports 
at which foreign animals may be landed, and shall not be removed from the place 
where landed without a certificate of an inspector of the privy council, certifying that 
such articles are not likely to introduce any contagious or infectious disease: Meat, 
hides, fat, hoofs, or horns. 
5. Subject to the provisions contained in the orders of council relating to the ports 
of Granton and Leith, dated the tenth day of August, one thousand eight hundred and 
sixty-nine, and in the order of cotracil relating to the port of Southampton, dated the 
first day of October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy, all the regulations in 
the fourth schedule to the act of 1869 shall apply to sheep and goats brought to Great 
Britain from any place in the dominions of the Emperor of Russia, and landed in Great 
Britain, and all such sheep and goats shall be slaughtered within ten days after the 
landing thereof, exclusive of the day of landing; provided, nevertheless, that cattle, 
sheep or goats being or having been on board any vessel at the same time with any 
cattle brought from any place in the dominions of the Emperor of Russia shall not be 
landed at any port or place in Great Britain. 
6. Notwithstanding any order of council to the contrary, no sheep or goats brought 
from any place in the dominions of the Emperor of Russia, and landed within the port 
of London shall be moved alive out of any part of the port defined as a part within 
which foreign cattle may be landed for slaughter. 
An order of council (364) dated July 11, 1873, regulates the tariff in cattle with 
Schleswig-Holstein. It says: 
1. This order shall take effect from and immediately after the twenty-third day of 
June, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, and shall cease to have effect 
from and immediately after the thirtieth day of November, one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy-three. 
2. This order may be cited as the Schleswig-Holstein order of 1873. 
3. This order extends to Great Britain only. 
4. In this order— 
The act of 1869 means the contagious diseases (animals) act, 1869. 
A defined part of a port means a part of a port defined by a special order of the 
privy council in pursuance of regulation 2 of the fourth schedule to the act of 1869. 
Landing place for slaughter means a landing place within a defined part of a port. 
Master includes any person having the charge or command of a vessel. 
Other terms have the same meaning as in the act of 1869. 
5. Notwithstanding anything in the foreign animals order of 1871, the regula- 
tions in the fourth schedule to the act of 1869 shall not apply to cattle brought from 
a port in either of the parts of the Empire of Germany respectively known as Schles- 
wig and Holstein. 
6. Cattle brought from a port of Schleswig or of Holstein shall not be lauded else- 
where than at a landing-place for slaughter, unless and until the owner, agent, or 
charterer of the vessel in which they are brought has received the special permission 
of the privy council to employ the vessel in the trade of importation of cattle from 
ports of Schleswig and of Holstein, or of either of them, under this order. 
7. The landing of cattle brought from a port of Schleswig or of Holstein, elsewhere 
than at a landing-place for slaughter, shall be subject to the following conditions: 
First. That the vessel in which they are imported has not, within three mouths be- 
fore taking them on board, had on board any cattle exported from any port in any 
part of the Empire of Germany, other than Schleswig or Holstein, or from any port 
of any of the following countries, namely : The dominions of the Emperor of Russia, 52 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the dominions of the Sultan, the dominions of the 
King of Italy, the dominions of the King of the Hellenes, Belgium, France. 
Secondly. That the vessel has not, since taking on board the cattle imported, entered 
any such port as aforesaid. 
Thirdly. That the cattle imported have not, while on board the vessel, been in con- 
tact -with any cattle exported from any such port as aforesaid. 
Fourthly. That the cattle imported are accompanied by a declaration and certificates* 
such as are indited in the forms set forth in the schedule to this order, or to the like 
effect. 
8. Further, cattle brought from a port of Schleswig or of Holstein shall not he 
landed elsewhere than at a landing-place for slaughter, unless and until— 
(l.) The owner or charterer of the vessel in which they are imported, or his agent 
in Great Britain, has entered into a bond to Her Majesty the Queen, in a sum not ex- 
ceeding one thousand pounds with or without a surety or sureties to the satisfaction 
of the commissioners of Her Majesty’s customs, conditioned for the observance of the 
foregoing conditions in relation to cattle to he landed under this order from the ves- 
sels ; and 
(2.) The master of the vessel has on each occasion of importation of cattle therein 
satisfied the commissioners of Her Majesty’s customs, or their proper officer, by decla- 
ration made and signed or otherwise, that none of the cattle then imported therein 
have been exported from any port in any part of the Empire of Germany, other than 
Schleswig or Holstein, or from any port of any of the other countries named in article 
7, of this order, and that the foregoing conditions have been observed in relation to 
all the cattle then imported therein. 
9. If the veterinary inspector of the privy council is of opinion, on the examination 
of any cattle imported under this order, that the declaration accompanying the cattle 
is untrue in any particular as regards any one of the cattle in the vessel, then all the 
animals in the vessel shall be detained and dealt with in accordance with instructions 
from time to time given by the privy council. 
10. If the declaration accompanying any cattle imported under this order is untrue in 
any particular as regards any one of the cattle to which it relates, the master of the 
vessel shall be guilty of an offense against this order, unless he shows to the satisfac- 
tion of the justices before whom he is charged that he did not know of the same being 
so untrue, and that he could not with reasonable diligence have obtained such 
knowledge. 
11. Subjects to the provisions of this order all the provisions of the foreign animals 
order of 1871 shall continue to apply to cattle brought from a port of Schleswig or of 
Holstein. 
SCHEDULE. 
Declaration and certificates. 
I, A. 8., of , being tbe agent for the owners [or charterers] of the vessel , 
of , hereby solemnly and sincerely declare to the best of my knowledge and be- 
lief, that each of the cattle described below, now about to be put on board the said 
vessel, has been bred and fed exclusively in Denmark, Schleswig, and Holstein, or some 
or one of them, and has never been in contact with cattle not so exclusively bred and 
fed. 
DECLARATION. 
Dated this day of . 
(To be signed.) A. B. 
Description of cattle above referred to ; 
‘Number. 
Bulls 
Oxen - 
Cows 
Calves 
CERTIFICATE BY CONSULAR OFFICER. 
I, C. D., vice-consul [or as the case may be] of Her Britannic Majesty at the port of 
Husum [or as the case may he], hereby certify that the foregoing declaration was made 
by the above-named A. B. before me, this day of , 1873, and that I know 
the said A. 8., and that he is worthy of belief. 
(To be signed.) C. D. 
[and consular seal to be affixed.] 
* Number to be expressed in words and figures. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
53 
CERTIFICATE OF OFFICER OF ROYAL PRUSSIAN PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OFFICE. 
I, X. Y., hereby certify that I hare this day seen the cattle above described, and 
that I believe the statement respecting the breeding and feeding of each of them con- 
tained in the foregoing declaration of A. B. to be true in all respects. 
(To be signed.) 
X. Y. 
Office of Royal Prussian Provincial Council Office at the Port of Husem [or as the 
case may be'}. 
28. With respect to the metropolis, notwithstanding anything in this act or in the 
second schedule thereto, the following provisions shall have effect: 
(1.) The mayor, aldermen, and commons of the city of London shall, for the pur- 
poses of this part of this act, be exclusively the local authority in and for the me- 
tropolis. 
(2.) The mayor, aldermen, and commons, on exercising for the purposes of this part 
of this act the borrowing powers vested in a local authority under this act, may bor- 
row on the credit of the property on the credit whereof they are authorized to borrow 
by the metropolitan market act, 1865, and the money so borrowed may be secured in 
the manner and subject and according to the provisions in that act authorized and 
contained. 
(3.) All money received by the mayor, aldermen, and commons from charges made 
by them under this part of this act shall (subject to the application thereof as in this 
part of this act directed in payment of interest on and in repayment of principal of 
money borrowed for the purposes of this part of this act) be applied in repayment 
of the principal of money borrowed by them under the metropolitan market acts, 
1857 and 1865, and subject thereto in discharge of expenses incurred by them in the 
execution of this part of this act. 
(4.) From and after the opening for public use of a market provided by the mayor, 
aldermen, and commons under this part of this act to the satisfaction of the privy 
council (declared by order), the maximum tolls, dues, and payments that may be 
taken under the metropolitan market act, 1857, in respect of the animals mentioned 
in the fifth schedule to this act, shall be the sums in that schedule specified in lieu of 
those specified in schedule A to that act. 
29. Provided that if the mayor, aldermen, and commons of the city of London do 
not before the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, pro- 
vide and open for public use a market for the purposes of this part of this act to the 
satisfaction of the privy council (declared by order), then on and after that day the 
following consequences shall ensue: 
(1.) The provision of this part of this act making the mayor; aldermen, and com- 
mons exclusively for the purposes of this part of this act the local authority in and 
for the metropolis shall cease to operate. 
(2.) The enactment in section 15 of the metropolitan market act, 1857, that no new 
market for the sale of cattle or horses shall be opened in the cities of London or 
Westminster, or the liberties thereof, or in the borough of Southwark, or at anyplace 
distant less than seven miles in a straight line from St. Paul’s Cathedral, in the city 
of London, shall not prevent any local authority or person from establishing a market 
for the purposes of this part of this act in or at any place named or defined in that 
section. 
30. Where a local authority, with the approval of the privy council, have, before 
or after the passing of this act provided, erected, and fitted up within a part of a port 
defined by the privy council as a place where foreign animals may be landed any wharf, 
lair, shed, market, house, or place for the landing, reception, sale, or slaughter of foreign 
animals, it shall not be lawful for the privy council (as long as importation of for- 
eign animals for that port is allowed, but under restriction) to revoke the definition of 
the part or parts of that port at which foreign animals may be landed, or to alter it so 
as to exclude therefrom any part of the site of such wharf, lair, shed, market, house, 
or place, except with the consent of the local authority; and if any railway company 
have provided, erected, or fitted up any such wharves, lairs, sheds, markets, houses, 
or places, the same may, with the approval of the privy council, be used for the pur- 
poses of this part of this act. 
(By an order in council (341) of December 20, 1871, the restrictions imposed by the 
metropolitan contagious diseases (animals) order of August, 1869, were revoked after 
December 31st of that year.) 
Part IY.-—Discovery and prevention of disease. 
31. An inspector of a local authority, on receiving information of the supposed ex- 
istence of cattle-plague, pleuro-pneumonia, or sheep-pox, or having reasonable ground 
to suspect that any of those diseases existed in any place within his district, shall 54 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
proceed to that place with all practical speed, and execute and discharge the powers 
and duties by or under this act conferred and imposed on him as inspector. 
32. An inspector or other officer of a local authority, authorized to act in the exe- 
cution of this act, may at any time enter any field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises 
within his district where he has reasonable grounds for supposing that any animal 
affected with cattle-plague, pleuro-pneumonia, or sheep-pox is to be found, for the 
purpose of executing this act, but shall, if required, state in writing the grounds on 
which he has so entered. 
If any person refuses admission to such inspector or officer acting under this section, 
he shall be deemed guilty of an offense against this act. 
33. The certificate of an inspector of a local authority to the effect that an animal 
within his district is affected with cattle-plague, pleuro-pneumonia, or sheep-pox shall 
for the purposes of this act be conclusive evidence in all courts of justice and else- 
where of the matter certified. 
34. Where an inspector finds cattle-plague or sheep-pox to exist within his district, 
he shall forthwith make a declaration thereof under his hand, and shall deliver a notice 
under his hand of such declaration to the occupier of the field, stable, cow-shed, or 
other premises where the disease is found, and thereupon the same, with ail lands and 
buildings contiguous thereto in the same occupation, shall become and be an infected 
place, and the same shall continue to be an infected place until the determination and 
declaration of the local authority relative thereto in this act provided for. 
35. Where an inspector makes such a declaration of the existence of cattle-plague or 
sheep-pox, he shall wfith all practicable speed send a copy thereof to the privy council, 
and deliver the declaration to the local authority, who shall forthwith inquire into the 
correctness thereof, and if it appears to them that cattle-plague or sheep-pox existed 
as declared by the inspector, they shall so determine and declare, and shall prescribe 
the limits of the infected place; but if it appears to them that cattle-plague or sheep- 
pox did not exist as declared by the inspector, and the same is certified to them in 
writing by one or more duly qualified veterinary surgeon or surgeons, employed by 
them in that behalf, they shall so determine and declare, and thereupon the place com- 
prised in the inspector’s declaration, or affected thereby, shall cease to be an infected 
place. 
36. A local authority, with respect to any place within their district, and the privy 
council, with respect to any place in Great Britain, may from time to time by order 
declare any field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises in which cattle-plague or sheep- 
pox exists 'at the date of the order, or has existed within seven days before that date, 
with or without a further area, to be from and after a time specified in the order an 
infected place. 
37. The area of an infected place may in all cases of a declaration by a local author- 
ity include, with the field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises in which cattle-plague 
or sheep-pox has been found to exist, all lands and buildings lying contiguous thereto, 
being in the same occupation, and within the district of the local authority, and also 
(except in the metropolis) an area comprised within one mile from the boundaries of 
those lands in every direction, but no more. 
38. A local authority may include in the area of an infected place any adjoining part 
of the district of another local authority, with the previous consent of that authority 
in writing signed by their clerk, but not otherwise. 
39. The area of an infected place may in all cases of a declaration by the privy coun- 
cil include, with the field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises in which cattle-plague 
or sheep-pox has been found to exist, such an area as to the privy council seems to be 
requisite. 
40. With respect to the metropolis, the privy council may from time to time, by order, 
extend the limits of an infected place beyond the boundaries of the field, stable, cow- 
shed, farm, or premises where cattle-plague or sheep-pox is declared or found to exist. 
41. The area of an infected place may in any case be described by reference to a map 
deposited at some specified place, or by reference to townships, parishes, farms, or other- 
wise. 
Infected places : cattle-plague and sheep-pox. 
42. An order of a local authority declaring a place to be an infected place shall be 
published by the local authority by notices posted in and near the infected place, and 
in such other manner (if any) as they think expedient. 
An orderof the privy council declaring a place to be an infected place shall be pub- 
lished in like manner by and at the expense of any local authority to whom the same 
is sent by the privy council for publication. 
Any want of or defect or irregularity in publication shall not invalidate any order. 
43. An order of a local authority or of the privy council declaring a place to be an 
infected place shall be conclusive evidence in all courts of justice and elsewhere of the 
existence of disease and other matters on which the order proceeds. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE, 
55 
44. The rules set forth in the sixth schedule to this act shall have effect with respect 
to infected places (which rules are in this act referred to as the rules of this act with 
respect to infected places). 
45. If any animal, hide, skin, hair, wool, horn, hoof, offal, carcass, meat, dung, hay, 
straw, litter, or other thing is moved in contravention of the rules of this act with 
respect to infected places, every person moving the same or causing the same to be 
moved shall be deemed guilty of an offense against this act. 
46. The rules of this act with respect to infected places shall not restrict the mov- 
ing of any animal or thing by railway through an infected place, such animal or thing 
not being stopped within the infected place. 
47. The privy council may from time to time by order make rules with respect to 
infected places, not being inconsistent with the rules set forth in the sixth schedule 
to this act; and with respect to the metropolis the privy council may also from time 
to time, if they think it expedient, vary the rules set forth in that schedule ; and all 
rules and variations of rules so made shall be deemed rules of this act with respect to 
infected places. 
48. Every local authority and the police of every county, borough, town, and place 
shall, within their respective districts, enforce and execute the provisions of this act 
and of any order of the local authority or privy council thereunder relative to infected 
places, and do or cause to be done all things from time to time necessary or expedient 
for securing as far as may be the effectual isolation of infected places in respect of the 
movement of animals and things. 
49. Any constable may proceed as follows : 
(1.) He may apprehend any person found committing an offense against the rules of 
this act with respect to infected places, and he shall take any person so apprehended, 
as soon as conveniently may be,before a justice of the peace, to be examined and dealt 
with according to law ; and a person so apprehended shall not be detained in custody 
by any constable without the order of a justice longer than is necessary for bringing 
him before a justice, or than twenty-four hours at longest. 
(2.) He may require that any animal or thing moved out of an infected place in con- 
travention of those rules be forthwith taken back within the limits of that place, and 
may enforce and execute such requisition. 
50. The local authority by whom an infected place is declared may at anytime after 
the expiration of twenty-eight days from the disappearance of cattle plague or sheep- 
pox (as the case may be) in that place, by order declare the place to be free from cattle - 
plague or sheep-pox (as the case may be). 
The privy council may at any time by order declare any place to be free from cattle- 
plague or sheep-pox. 
Thereupon, as from the time specified in this behalf in the order of the local authority 
or privy council, the place shall cease to be an infected place as regards cattle-plague 
or sheep-pox (as the case may be). 
51. The clerk of a local authority declaring a place to be an infected place, or de- 
claring a place to be free from cattle-plague or sheep-pox, shall forthwith report by 
post to the privy council the fact of such declaration having been made. 
52. An order of the privy council relative to an infected place shall supersede any 
order of a local authority inconsistent with it. 
53. Where, under this act, an inspector makes a declaration which constitutes a place 
an infected place, he may also, if the circumstances of the case appear to him so to 
require, deliver a notice under his hand of such declaration to the occupiers of all 
lands and buildings adjoining thereto, any part whereof respectively lies within one 
mile of the boundaries of the infected place in any direction, and thereupon the rules 
of this act with respect to infected places shall, until the determination and declara- 
tion of the local authority relative thereto in this act provided for, apply and have 
effect to and in respect of those lands and buildings as if the same were actually 
within the limits of the infected place. 
Pleuro-pneumonia. 
54. Where an inspector finds plenro-puenmonia to exist within his district, he shall 
forthwith make a declaration thereof under his hand, and shall deliver a notice under 
his hand of such declaration to the occupier of the field, stable, cow-shed, or other 
premises where the disease is found; and thereupon the rules set forth in the seventh 
schedule to this act (in this act called the pleuro-pneumonia rules of this act) shall have 
effect in relation to such field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises, until the determin- 
ation and declaration of the local authority relative thereto in this act provided for. 
55. Where an inspector makes a declaration of the existence of pleuro-pneumonia, 
he shall with all practicable speed send a copy thereof to the privy council, and de- 
liver the declaration to the local authority, who shall inquire into the correctness 
thereof; and if it appears to them that pleuro-pneumonia existed as declared by the 
inspector, they shall so determine and declare, and thereupon the pleuro-pneumonia 
rules of this act shall continue to apply to the field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises 56 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
to which the declaration relates ; hut if in any such case it appears to the local author- 
ity that pleuro-pneumonia did not exist as declared by the inspector, or that a fresh 
case of pleuro-pneumonia has not occurred for thirty days in such held, stable, cow- 
shed, or other premises, then the local authority shall so determine and declare, and 
the pleuro-pneumonia rules of this act shall cease to operate in relation thereto. 
Miscellaneous. 
56. The forms given in the eighth schedule to this act, with such variations as cir- 
cumstances require, may be used by an inspector for the purposes of this part of this 
act, and a declaration of disease under this part of this act shall not be deemed a cer- 
tificate of the inspector for any purpose of this act. 
57. If any person exposes in a market or fair or other public place where horses or 
animals are commonly exposed for sale, or exposes for sale in any sale-yard, whether 
public or private, or places in a lair or other place adjacent to or connected with a 
market or fair, or where horses or animals are commonly placed before exposure for 
sale, or sends or causes to be carried on a railway or on a canal, river, or other inland 
navigation, or on a coasting vessel, or carries, leads, or drives, or causes to be carried, 
led, or driven on a highway or thoroughfare any horse or animal affected with a con- 
tagious or infectious disease, he shall be deemed guilty of an offense against this act, 
unless he shows to the satisfaction of the justices before whom he is charged that he 
did not know of the same being so affected, and that be could not with reasonable 
diligence have obtained such knowledge. 
Where any horse or animal so affected is exposed or otherwise dealt with in contra- 
vention of this section an inspection of the local authority or any officer of the local au- 
thority authorized to act in execution of this act m ay seize the same and cause it, if affected 
with glanders, cattle-plague, or sheep-pox, to be slaughtered, and if affected with any 
other contagious or infectious disease to be removed to some convenient or isolated 
place and to be there kept for such time as the local authority think expedient, and 
the local authority may recover the expenses of the execution by them of this section 
from the owner of the horse or animal, or from the consignor or consignee thereof, 
who may recover the same from the owner. 
In case of a conviction of an offense under this section no compensation shall be 
payable in respect of any animals slaughtered under this section. 
Notwithstanding anything in this section, the privy council may from time to time, 
by order, make such further or other provision as they think expedient respecting 
animals becoming affected with foot-and-mouth disease or any other contagious or in- 
fectious disease not being cattle-plague, pleuro-pneumonia, sheep-pox, or glanders 
while exposed or placed or being carried, led, or driven as aforesaid, and any such order 
shall be deemed part of this section. 
An order of council (355) dated August 8, 1872, refers to the cleansing and disinfection 
of markets, cfc., in the following terms : 
1. This order may be cited as the market order of 1872. 
2. This order extends to Great Britain only. 
3. Words in this order have the same meaning as in the act of 1869. 
4. Every local authority is hereby empowered to make from time to time, with the 
view of preventing the spreading of contagious or infectious disease among animals, 
regulations for the following purposes, or any of them : 
(1.) For requiring the owners, lessees, or occupiers of places used for the holding of 
markets, fairs, exhibitions, or sales of animals, or for the lairage of animals, to cleanse 
those places from time to time at their own expense. 
(2.) For requiring the owners, lessees, or occupiers of those places to disinfect the 
same, or any specified part thereof, from time to time at their own expense, where, in 
the judgment of the local authority, the circumstances are such as to allow of such 
disinfection being reasonably required. 
(3.) For prescribing the mode in which such cleaning and such disinfection shall be 
effected. 
5. Notwithstanding anything in the animals order of 1871, article 39 of that order 
shall not apply to the cleansing and disinfecting of any such place as aforesaid. 
6. If the owner, lessee, or occupier of any such place as aforesaid does any act in con- 
travention of the regulations of a local authority under this order, or fails in respect 
to observe the same, it shall not be lawful for him or any other person at any time 
thereafter, until further order of the privy council, to hold a market, fair, exhibition, 
or sale of animals in that place, and the holding therein of any market, fair, exhibi- 
tion, or sale of animals shall be and the same is hereby prohibited accordingly, and if 
any person holds any market, fair, exhibition, or sale of animals in contravention of 
this order, shall be deemed guilty of an offense against this order. 
58. If any person places or keeps on any common or uninclosed land or in any field 
or other place insufficiently fenced, or on the side of a highway, any horse or animal CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
57 
affected with a contagious or infectious disease, he shall he deemed guilty of an offense 
against this act, unless he shows to the satisfaction of the justices before whom he is 
charged that he did not know of the same being so affected, and that he could not 
with reasonable diligence have obtained such knowledge. 
59. Where a person having cattle in his possession or keeping within the district of 
a local authority wherein cattle plague exists affixes at the entrance to a building or 
inclosed place in or on which such cattle are kept a notice forbidding persons to enter 
into or on that building or place without his permission, then, if any person not hav- 
ing a right of entry or wray into, on, or over that building or place, enters into, on, or 
over the same or any part thereof, in contravention of the notice he shall for every 
such offense be liable to a penalty not exceeding five pounds. 
60. Every local authority shall cause every horse or animal that has died of glan- 
ders, cattle"plague, or sheep-pox, or has been slaughtered in consequence of being af- 
fected with glanders, cattle plague, or sheep-pox, within their district to be buried as 
soon as possible in its skin in some proper place, and to be covered with a sufficient 
quantity of quicklime or other disinfectant, and with not less than six feet of earth, 
or to be destroyed under inspection of the local authority in such mode as the privy 
council may from time to time by order direct or approve. 
It shall not be lawful for any person, except with the license of the privy council, 
to dig up or cause to be dug up the carcass or any part of the carcass of any horse or 
animal so buried. 
An order of council (341), dated December 20, 1871, thus amends and renews the regula- 
tions relating to contagious or infectious disease among animals : 
19. Every person having in his possession or under his charge an animal (including 
a horse) affected with a contagious or infectious disease shall observe the following 
rules; 
(1.) He shall, as far as practicable, keep such animal separate from animals not so 
affected. 
Discovery and prevention of disease. 
(2.) He shall with all practicable speed give notice to a police constable of the fact 
of the animal being so affected. 
Such police constable shall forthwith give notice thereof to the inspector of the local 
authority, and (except in the case of foot-and-mouth disease) to the privy council. 
20. Where an inspector finds in his district cattle plague, pleuro-pneumonia, sheep- 
pox, sheep-scab, or glanders, he shall forthwith make a return thereof to the local au- 
thority and to the privy council, on a form provided by the privy council, with all 
particulars therein required, and shall continue to make a similar return on the Sat- 
urday of every week until the disease has disappeared. 
21. Any dung of animals, and any hay, straw, litter, or other thing, commonly used 
for food of animals or otherwise for or about animals, may be moved out of an infected 
place within the metropolis (but not out of the metropolis) with a license signed by an 
officer of the local authority appointed on that behalf, certifying that the thing moved 
has been disinfected, but not otherwise. 
22. Any officer authorized in this behalf by a local authority, or any constable or 
police officer, may stop and detain any animal (including a horse) which is being moved, 
or which he has reasonable grounds for suspecting is being moved, in contravention of 
the act of 1869 or any order of council, and may apprehend, without warrant, the per- 
son in charge thereof, and bring him before a justice, who shall inquire into the case 
in a summary manner, and may, if satisfied that there are good grounds for so suspect- 
ing, by writing under his hand, direct the animal to be detained, and the person in 
charge thereof to be brought before two justices as soon as practicable. 
On such person being brought before two justices, they shall adjudicate on the case 
in a summary manner, and if satisfied that the animal was being moved in contraven- 
tion, as aforesaid, may direct it to be disposed of in confox-mity with the provisions of 
the act of 1869 or any order of council. 
23. Any officer authorized in this behalf by a local authority, or any constable or po- 
lice officer, may inspect any railway truck, cart, boat, or other vehicle used by land or 
by water, in which animals, including horses, hay, manure, litter, straw, and other 
articles used for or about animals are usually or at the time of such inspection carried, 
and may examine the person in charge thereof with a view to ascertain whether any 
animals or articles are being moved or carried in contravention of the act of 1869 
or any order of council; and such officer may, if he has reasonable grounds for suspect- 
ing that such animals or articles are being moved or carried in contravention as afore- 
said, apprehend, without warrant, the person in charge thereof, and bring him before 
a justice, who shall inquire into the case in a summary manner, and may, if satisfied 
that there are good grounds for so suspecting, by writing under his hand, direct the 
same to be obtained, and the person in charge thereof to be brought before two justices 
as soon as practicable. 58 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
On such person being brought before two justices, they shall adjudicate on the case 
in a summary manner, and if satisfied that the animals or articles were being moved 
or carried in contravention as aforesaid, may direct the same to he destroyed or oth- 
erwise disposed of in conformity with the provisions of the act of 1869 or any order of 
council. 
24. Any person having charge of any animal (including a horse) or thing that is be- 
ing moved on a highway, railway, canal, navigation, or river, for the moving whereof 
a license is requisite, shall, on being so required by an officer of a local authority au- 
thorized in this behalf, or by a constable or police officer, produce the license (if any) 
for the moving of that animal or thing. 
25. A constable or police or other officer, detaining any animal (including a horse) 
under the act of 1869 or any order of council, shall cause it to be supplied with requisite 
food and water during its detention ; and any expenses incurred by him in respect 
thereof may be recovered from the person in charge of the animal or from its owner. 
26. Any inspector or other officer empowered to carry the act of 1869 or any order of 
council into effect may, if authorized in this behalf by general or special order in writ- 
ing of the local authority, enter, for the purpose of carrying into effect, the provisions 
of such act or order, any field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises within his district, 
where he has reasonable grounds for supposing that any animal affected with cattle- 
plague or sheep-pox has been, or has been buried or otherwise disposed of. 
If any person refuses admission to or obstructs or impedes, or aids in obstructing or im- 
peding, such inspector or other officer, he shall be deemed guilty of an offense against 
this order. 
27. A local authority may, from time to time, with the view of preventing the spread- 
ing of contagious or infectious disease, make regulations for the following purposes 
or any of them. 
For prohibiting or regulating the movement of animals (including horses) on, to, 
from, and through, and the keeping thereof on commons and wastes and commonable 
and other lands whereon there exists a right of common or other right in the nature 
thereof. 
For preventing any person from driving animals (including horses) under his charge, 
or allowing them to be driven or to stray into an inclosed field or place without the 
consent of the occupier thereof. 
For preventing the spreading by means of dogs of any such disease. 
For prohibiting or regulating the removal of hay, straw, litter, or other thing com- 
monly used for food of animals, or otherwise for or about animals, that has been iu 
the same field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises with animals affected with any conta- 
gious or infectious disease, or any dung that has been therein. 
For providing for the cleansing and disinfection of sheds and places used by animals 
affected with any contagious or infectious disease. 
Foot-and-mouth disease. 
28. A local authority may, from time to time, with the view of preventing the spread- 
ing of foot-and-mouth disease, make regulations for the following purposes, or any of 
them : 
For prohibiting or regulating the movement out of any field, stable, cow-shed, or 
other premises iu which foot-and-mouth disease has been found to exist, of any animal, 
that has been in the same field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises with or in contact 
with any animal affected with foot-and-mouth disease. 
Sheep-seal). 
29. A local authority may, from time to time, with the view of preventing the spread- 
ing of sheep-scab, make regulations for the following purposes, or any of them: 
For prohibiting any person from having in his possession or under his charge a sheep 
affected with sheep-scab, without treating that sheep, or causing it to be treated, with 
some dressing or dipping or other remedy for sheep-scab. 
For prohibiting or regulating the movement out of any field, stable, cow-shed, or 
other premises, in which sheep-scab has been found to exist, of any sheep that has 
been in contact with, or in the same field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises, with any 
sheep affected with sheep-scab. 
Pleuro-pneumonia. 
30. Alocal authority may, from time to time, with the view of preventing the spread- 
ing of pleuro-pneumonia, make regulations for the following purposes, or any of them ; 
For prohibiting or regulating the removal out of any field, stable, cow-shed, or other 
premises, of the carcasses of any cattle which have died or have been slaughtered in 
consequence of being affected with pleuro-pneumonia. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
59 
Provided, that such local authority shall, from time to time, define the area within 
their district within which any such regulation shall have effect. 
31. Where a local authority is authorized by the privy council to slaughter cattle 
affected with pleuro-pneumonia, such local authority may cause all cattle affected with 
pleuro-pneumonia within their district to be slaughtered, subject to the following pro- 
visions : 
(1.) The local authority shall, by way of compensation for every such animal, pay 
to the owner thereof such sum, not exceeding one-half of the value of the animal 
immediately before it was affected with pleuro-pneumonia, as to the local authority 
seem fit. 
(2.) They may require the value of any such animal to be ascertained by their offi- 
cers, or by arbitration, and generally they may impose conditions as to evidence of the 
slaughter and value of any such animal. 
(3.) They may, if they think fit, withhold compensation in respect of any such ani- 
mal where the owner or the person having the charge thereof has, in their judgment, 
been guilty, in relation to such animal, of any act in contravention of the act of 1869 
or of any order or regulation or license of the privy council or of a local authority, or 
has, in relation to such animal, failed to comply with the provisions of the act of 1869 
or of any such order, regulation, or license in respect of the giving of notice of dis- 
ease, or in any other respect. 
32. The expenditure of a local authority in pursuance of this order iu respect of 
compensation for cattle slaughtered as being affected with pleuro-pneumonia, shall be 
defrayed out of the local rate. 
33. Where the local authority in pursuance of this order causes any animal to be 
slaughtered as affected with pleuro-pneumonia, the owner thereof shall not be entitled 
to recover in respect of the insurance thereof any sum, which, together with the payment 
which he receives for the same under this order, would exceed the sum which he 
would have been entitled to receive in respect of the insurance. 
34. Every local authority shall keep, in such manner and form as the privy council 
from time to time direct or approve, a record, stating the date of any order made by 
them for slaughter under this order, and the execution of the order, and other proper 
particulars, and such record shall be evidence if any question arises concerning an 
order for the slaughter of any such animal or concerning compensation in respect thereof. 
35. Where a local authority is authorized by the privy council to put in operation 
this provision of this order, such local authority may, from time to time, with the view 
of preventing the spreading of pleuro-pneumonia, prohibit or regulate the holding of 
any specified market, fair, auction, sale, or exhibition of cattle within their district. 
An order of council (366) dated August 2,1873, is important with regard to contagious pleuro- 
pneumonia and foot-and-mouth disease. It is as follows: 
1. This order may be cited as the the animals’ (amendment) order of 1873. 
2. This order shall take effect from and immediately after the thirty-first day of 
August, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, and words in this order have 
the same meaning as in the act of 1869. 
3. Every local authority shall cause all cattle affected with pleuro-pneumonia within 
their district to be slaughtered. 
The provisions numbered 1, 2, and 3, of article 31, and articles 32, 33, and 34, relating 
to compensation of the animals order of 1871, shall have effect in case of slaughter 
under this article of this order. 
Peuro-pneumonia. 
4. Foot-and-mouth disease shall not be deemed to be a contagious or infectious dis- 
ease within either of the following articles of the animals order of 1871, namely, arti- 
cles 19 and 27. 
Foot-and-mouth disease. 
Any regulations made by a local authority under the said article 27, as far as they 
relate to foot-and-mouth disease, are hereby revoked. 
5. Where an animal becomes affected with foot-and-mouth disease while exposed or 
placed or being carried, led, or driven, as in section 57 of the act of 1869 mentioned, it 
may, notwithstanding anything in that section, be, with a license of an inspector of 
the local authority authorized to issue the same, but not otherwise, moved for purposes 
of feeding, or watering, or other ordinary purposes connected with the breeding or 
rearing of animals, to any land or building in the occupation of the owner of the ani- 
mal, or for slaughter to the nearest slaughter house, or some other slaughter house 
approved by the local authority. 
The form given in the second schedule to this order, or a form to the like effect, with 
such variations as circumstances require, shall be used. 60 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
Revocation. 
6. The order and part of an order of council described in the first schedule to this 
order, and any regulations made by a local authority under that part of an order, are 
hereby revoked; provided that nothing in this order shall invalidate or make unlaw- 
ful anything done under the said orders and part of an order and regulations, or in- 
terfere with the institution or proscution of any proceeding in respect of any offense 
committed against, or any penalty or forfeiture incurred under, the same. 
An order in council, issued in June, 1874, revokes articles of the above; conse- 
quently articles 19, 27, and 28, of the animals (amendment) order of 1873, are restored. 
Burial and disinfection. 
36. Where, under section 60 of the act of 1869, a horse or animal is buried, its skin 
shall be first so slashed as to prevent its being of any use. The local authorities may, 
if they think fit, use for the purpose of such burial any place on the premises of the 
owner of the horse or animal. 
37. Where a local authority is authorized by license from, the privy council to de- 
stroy, under section 60 of the act of 1869, horses or animals that have died or been 
slaughtered as therein mentioned, every such horse or animal shall be destroyed in 
manner following, namely ; The carcass thereof shall be disinfected, and shall then be 
removed, in charge of an officer of the local authority, to a horse slaughterer’s or 
knacker’s yard, licensed for the purpose by the privy council, or other place so licensed, 
and shall be there destroyed by exposure to a high temperature, or by chemical agents. 
In every such case the local authority shall report to the privy council the fact and mode 
of destruction. 
38. Where a local authority exercise the power of causing premises to be cleansed 
and disinfected, conferred on them hy the act of 1869, or by any order of council, the 
occupier of those premises shall give all facilities for that purpose. 
39. Where any landing-place, lair, shed, or other place, is directed by the act of 1869, 
or any order of council, or is ordered by a local authority, to be cleansed and disin- 
fected, it shall l.e cleansed and disinfected in manner following : 
(1.) By the sweeping out thereof, and the effectual removal therefrom of all dung, 
sawdust, litter, and other matter. 
(2.) Then by thorough washing therewith with water. 
(3.) Then by the application to the floor and to all parts above the floor with which 
animals or their droppings have come in contact, of a coating of lime, made by mixing 
good freshly-burnt lime with water, and containing in each gallon of lime-wash either 
one-fifth of a pint of commercial carbolic acid, or one-fifth of a pint of commercial 
cresylic acid, or four ounces of fresh dry chloride of lime, such lime-wash to be pre- 
pared immediately before use. 
The sweepings of the landing place, lair, shed, or other place, shall be well mixed 
with quicklime, and effectually removed from contact with animals. 
General provisions. 
40. A local authority may from time to time revoke or alter any order, prohibition, 
or regulation made by them under the act of 1869 or any order of council. 
41. Every local authority shall send to the privy council a copy of every order, pro- 
hibition, or regulation made by them. 
42. If the privy council are satisfied on inquiry with respect to any prohibition or 
regulation made by a local authority under the act of 1889, or any order of council, 
that the same is of too restrictive a character, or otherwise objectionable, and direct 
the revocation thereof, the same shall thereupon cease to operate. 
43. Whenever there is any change in the name or address of any inspector appointed 
under section 12 of the act of 1869, or in the district of any such inspector, the local 
authority shall forthwith report the same to the privy council. 
44. Except where otherwise provided for in any order of council, a local authority 
shall provide and supply, without charge, printed copies of documents or forms requi- 
site under the act of 1869 or any order of council. 
45. Every regulation made by a local authority under any order of council shall 
(where no other provision is made for the publication thereof) be published by adver- 
tisement in a newspaper circulating in the district of the local authority. 
46. If any person fails to give, produce, do, or observe any notice, license, thing, or 
rule which he is by this order or by any order or regulation of a local authority there- 
under required to give, produce, do, or observe, he shall in every such case be deemed 
guilty of an offense against this order. 
47. If any animal (including a horse) or anything is moved or dealt with in contra- 
vention of this order or of any order or regulation of a local authority thereunder, the 
owner thereof and the person directing or permitting such movement thereof or deal- CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
61 
ing therewith, and the person or company in charge of or removing or conveying the 
same, shall each be deemed guilty of an offense against this order. 
48. All orders and regulations made by a local authority under any former order of 
council and in force at the commencement of this order shall, as far as the same are 
not varied by or inconsistent with this order, remain in force until altered or revoked 
by the local authority. 
61. A local authority shall cause the yard, shed, stable, field, or other premises in 
which any horse or animal affected with glanders or cattle plague or sheep-pox has 
been kept while so affected, or has died or been slaughtered, to be thoroughly cleansed 
and disinfected, and all hay, straw, litter, dung, or other article that has been in con- 
tact with or used about any such horse or animal to be burned or otherwise destroyed. 
No fresh animal shall be admitted into any yard, shed, stable, field, or other prem- 
ises in which any animal affected with cattle plague or sheep-pox has been kept while 
so affected, or has died or been slaughtered, until the expiration of thirty days after 
the cleansing and disinfecting of such premises in pursuance of this act. 
Any such hay, straw, litter, dung, or other article shall not be removed from the 
premises in which any horse or animal affected with glanders or cattle plague has 
been, except for the purpose of being destroyed, nor shall it be removed out of the 
district of the local authority without the consent in writing of the local authority 
into whose district it is moved. If any such thing is removed in contravention of this 
act, the occupier of the premises from which it is removed and the person removing it 
shall be deemed guilty of an offense against this act. 
A local authority shall direct the disinfecting of the clothes of, and the use of due 
precautions against the spreading of contagion by, inspectors and others in contact 
with animals affected with cattle plague. 
62. Every steamboat, railway, and other public company, and every person carrying 
animals for hire to or in Great Britain, shall thoroughly cleanse and disinfect, in such 
manner as the privy council from time to time by order direct, all steamers, vessels, 
boats, pens, carriages, trucks, horse-boxes, and vehicles used by such company or per- 
son for the carrying of animals. 
If any company or person on any occasion fails to comply with the requisitions of 
any such order, such company or person shall on every such occasion be deemed guilty 
of an offense against this act. 
An inspector of a local authority or any officer of a local authority authorized to 
execute this act, may at all times enter on board any steamer, vessel, or boat in respect 
whereof he has reasonable grounds for supposing that any company or person has 
failed to comply with the requisitions of any such order, and on premises where he has 
reasonable grounds for supposing that any pen, carriage, truck, horse-box, or vehicle 
in respect whereof any company or person has on any occasion so failed is to be found ; 
and if any company or person refuses admission to an inspector or other officer acting 
under this section, such company or person shall be deemed guilty of an offense against 
this act. 
63. The privy council may from time to time, by order, give directions respecting 
modes of disinfecting, and anything disinfected in accordance with the provisions of 
such order, or in accordance with any process of disinfection approved by the privy 
council shall be deemed disinfected within this act, but not otherwise. 
63. Every railway company shall make a provision to the satisfaction of the privy 
council, of water and food, or either of them, at such stations as the privy council 
from time to time by general or specific description direct, for animals carried or about 
to be, or having been, carried on the railway of the company; and such water and food, 
or either of them, shall be supplied to any such animal by the company carrying 
it on the request in writing of the consignor thereof, or on the request of any person 
in charge thereof, and the company so supplying water and food, or either of them, 
may make in respect thereof such reasonable charges, if any, as the privy council by 
order approve, in addition to such charges as they are for the time being authorized to 
make in respect of the carriage of animals, and the amount of such additional charges 
accrued due in respect of any animal shall be a debt from the consignor and from the 
consignee thereof to the company, and shall be recoverable by the company from 
either of them by proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction, and the com- 
pany shall have a lien for the amount thereof, on the animal in respect of which the 
same accrued due, and on any other animal at any time consigned by the same person 
to be carried by the company. 
If any company on any occasion fails to comply with the requirements of this sec- 
tion they shall on every such occasion be deemed guilty of an offense against this act. 
If in the case of any animal such a request as aforesaid is not made so that the animal 
remains without a supply of water for thirty consecutive hours, or other period not 
being less than twelve hours, as the privy council from time to time by order pre- 
scribe, the consignor and the person in charge of the animal shall each be deemed guilty 
of an offense against this act; and it shall lie on the person accused to prove the time 
within which the animal has had a supply of water. 62 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
By an order of council (341) dated December 20, 1871, the following renewed and amended 
regulations with regard to transit are made : 
Transit of animals by sea. 
5. In this part of this order the term “ animals ” extends to all ruminating animals 
and to horses. 
6. With respect to places used for animals on board vessels, the following regula- 
tions shall have effect: 
(1.) Every such place shall he divided into pens by substantial divisions. 
(2.) Each pen shall not exceed 9 feet in breadth, or 15 feet in length. 
(3.) The floor of each pen shall have proper battens or other foot-holds thereon. 
(4.) Every such place, if inclosed, shall be ventilated by means of separate inlet and 
outlet openings, of such size and position as will secure a proper supply of air to the 
place in all states of weather. 
7. Between each first day of November and the following thirtieth day of April (both 
days inclusive) freshly-shorn sheep shall not be carried on the deck of a vessel. 
8. When sheep are carried on the deck of a vessel, proper gangways shall be provided 
either between or above the pens in which the sheep are carried. 
9. Animals landed from a vessel shall, on a certificate of an inspector appointed by 
the privy council in that behalf, certifying to the effect that the foregoing regulations,or 
some one of them, have not or has not been observed in the vessel, be detained at the 
landing place or in lairs adjacent thereto, until the privy council otherwise direct. 
10. Every vessel used for carrying animals shall, after the close of each voyage, 
and before any fresh cargo is put on board, be cleansed and disinfected in manner fol- 
lowing ; 
(1.) By the sweeping out of the hold and every other part of the vessel used for 
animals, and the actual removal therefrom of all dung and litter, and of all ashes, 
sand, sawdust, and other matter with .which animals or their droppings have come in 
contact. 
(2.) Then by the thorough washing of the same parts of the vessel with water. 
(3.) Then by the application to the sides, floor, and ceiling of the hold and to every 
other part of the vessel with which animals or their droppings have come in contact, 
of a coating of limewash made by mixing good, freshly burnt lime with water, and 
containing in each gallon of limewash either one-fifth of a pint of commercial carbolic 
acid, or one-fifth of a pint of commercial cresylic acid, or four minces of fresh dry chlo- 
ride of lime, such limewash to be prepared immediately before use. 
The sweepings of the vessel shall be well mixed with quicklime, and effectually re- 
moved from contact with animals. 
Cleansing and disinfection of vessels. 
Shipping and unshipping places. 
11. At every place -where animals are put on board of or landed from vessels, pro- 
vision shall be made, to the satisfaction of the privy council, for a supply of water 
for animals, and water shall be supplied there, gratuitously, on request of any person 
in charge of any animals. 
12. At every place where animals are landed from vessels, provision shall be made, 
to the satisfaction of the privy council, for the speedy and convenient unshipment of 
animals, and for a supply of food for them; and food shall be supplied there, on request 
of any person in charge of any animals, at such price as the privy council from time to 
time approve. 
Cleansing and disinfection of landing-places. 
13. Where any animal affected with any contagious or infectious disease is landed 
at a port, or is, while so affected, in or at any landing-place or lair, or other place ad- 
jacent thereto, then the landing-place and every such lair or other place where the 
animal has been shall not be used for any animals not forming part of the same cargo 
unless and until it has been cleansed and disinfected. 
Transit of animals by railway. 
14. Every truck used for carrying animals on a railway shall be provided with 
spring buffers, and the floor thereof shall have proper battens or other foothold thereon. 
15. A railway company shall not allow any truck used for carrying animals on their 
railway to be overcrowded so as to cause unnecessary suffering to the animals therein. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
63 
16. Between each Ist day of November and the next following 30th day of April 
(both days inclusive), trucks used for carrying on a railway sheep freshly shorn and 
unclothed shall be covered and inclosed so as to protect the sheep from the weather, 
but shall be properly ventilated. 
Cleansing and disinfection of pens and vehicles. 
17. Every pen, carriage, track, horse-box, or vehicle used for carrying animals on 
land, shall, on every occasion after any animal is taken ont of the same, and before 
any other animal is placed therein, be cleansed and disinfected in manner following : 
(1.) By the sweeping ont of the pen, carriage, truck, horse-box, or vehicle, and the 
effectual removal therefrom of all dung, sawdust, litter, and other matter. 
(2.) Then by the thorough washing of the pen, carriage, truck, horse-box, or vehicle 
with water. 
(3.) Then, in case of a pen, carriage, or truck, by the application to the floor and to 
all parts above the floor with which animals or their droppings have come in contact, 
of a coating of limewash, made by mixing good, freshly-burnt lime with water, and 
containing m each gallon of limewash either one-fifth of a pint of commercial carbolic 
acid, or one-fifth of a pint of commercial cresylic acid, or four ounces of fresh, dry 
chloride of lime, such limewash to be prepared immediately before use. 
The sweepings of the pen, carriage, truck, horse-box, or vehicle shall be well mixed 
with quicklime and carefully removed from contact with animals. 
PENALTIES. 
18. If anything is done or omitted to he done in contravention of any of the regu- 
lations of this part of this order, the owner and the master or person having charge 
or command of the vessel in which; and the owner and the occupier of the place 
where animals are put on board of or landed from vessels at which ; and the company 
carrying animals on or owning or working a railway on which ; and also in case of 
the overcrowding of a truck on a railway, or of the carrying on a railway of sheep 
freshly shorn and unclothed, the consignor of the animals in respect of which (as the 
case may he), such thing is done or omitted, shall severally he deemed guilty of an 
offense against this order. 
Provided, that no person shall he liable to a penalty under this part of this order 
in respect of sheep as freshly shorn, where it is proved that the sheep have not been 
shorn within sixty days before the time of the commission of the alleged offense. 
By an order in council (349) dated July 11, 1872, the following regulation was to take effect 
from July 3 (1) of that year : 
(2.) This order may he cited as the carcasses of animals’ order of 1872. 
(3.) In this order— 
The act of 1869 means the contagious diseases (animals’) act, 1869. 
Master includes any person having the charge or command of a vessel. 
Other terms have the same meaning as in the act of 1869. 
4. In addition to the powers and duties vested in and imposed on local authorities 
by section sixty of the act of 1869, and by articles 36 and 37 of the animals order of 
1871, every local authority is hereby empowered to make, from time to time, with the 
view of preventing the spreading of contagious or infectious diseases among animals, 
regulations for the following purpose : 
For securing the burial, in accordance with the directions of article 36 of the Ani- 
mals order of 1871, of the carcasses, being within the district of the local authority of 
animals (including horses) which have died of any contagious or infectious disease, or 
the destruction thereof, under inspection of the local authority, in the mode prescribed 
by article 37 of the animals order of 1871. 
5. If an animal (including a horse) on board a vessel in Great Britain, or within three 
miles of the shore thereof, dies of or is slaughtered in consequence of being affected 
with a contagious or infectious disease, the master of the vessel shall, with all practi- 
cable speed, cause the carcass thereof to be disinfected on board the vessel in such 
mode as the privy council from time to time may direct or approve. 
If he fails to do so, he shall be deemed guilty of an offense against this order. 
6. If any person throws or places, or causes or suffers to be thrown or placed, into 
or in any river, stream, canal, or other water in Great Britain, or into or in the sea with- 
in three miles of the shore of Great Britain, the carcass of an animal (including a horse) 
which has died of or been slaughtered in consequence of being affected with a conta- 
gious or infectious disease, he shall be deemed guilty of an offense against this order, 
unless he shows to the satisfaction of the justices before whom he is charged that he CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
did not know that the same had so died or been slaughtered, and that he could not 
with reasonable diligence have obtained that knowledge. 
7. It shall not be lawful for any person, except with the license of the privy coun- 
cil, to dig up, or cause to be dug up, tbe carcass or any part of the carcass of any ani- 
mal (including a horse) buried under a regulation of a local authority or under the di- 
rection of a receiver of wreck. 
If any person acts in contravention of this article he shall be deemed guilty of an 
offense against this order. 
Part Y.—Slaughter in cattle-plague; compensation. 
65. Every local authority shall cause all animals affected with cattle-plague within 
their district to be slaughtered. 
66. A local authority may, if they think fit, cause to he slaughtered any animal that 
has been in the same shed or stable, or in the same herd or flock, or in contact with 
any animal affected with cattle-plague within their district. 
67. Where an animal is affected with disease suspected to be cattle-plague the local 
authority may cause the animal to be slaughtered in order to ascertain the nature of 
the disease. 
68. Where an animal affected with cattle-plague, or affected with disease suspected 
to be cattle-plague, is slaughtered in pursuance of this act, the local authority (except 
as otherwise provided in this act) shall, by way of compensation for the animal, pay 
to the owner thereof such sum, not exceeding twenty pounds and not exceeding one- 
half of the value of the animal immediately before it was affected with cattle-plague, 
as to the local authority seems fit. 
69. When a local authority causes an animal to he slaughtered on account of it hav- 
ing been in the same shed or stable, or in the same herd or flock, or in contact with an 
animal affected with cattle-plague, the owner of the animal so slaughtered may either 
dispose of the carcass on his own account, with a license from some officer appointed 
in that behalf by the local authority, or may require the local authority to dispose of 
the same, in which latter case the local authority shall pay to the owner thereof, by 
way of compensation, such sum, not exceeding thirty pounds, as may equal three- 
fourths of the value of the animal slaughtered. 
70. A local authority may require the value of any animal slaughtered under this 
act to be ascertained by officers of the local authority or by arbitration, and generally 
may impose conditions as to evidence of the slaughter and value of the animals 
slaughtered. 
71. A local authority may, if they think fit, withhold compensation in respect to any 
animal slaughtered, where the owner or the person having the charge thereof has in 
their judgment been guilty, in relation to such animal, of any act in contravention of 
this act, or of any order, regulation, or license of the privy council or a local author- 
ity, or has, in relation to such animal, failed to comply with the provisions of this act, 
or of any such order, regulation, or license in respect of the giving of notice of disease 
or in any other respect, and may, if they think fit, withhold compensation in respect 
of a foreign animal slaughtered on account of it being affected with cattle-plague, or 
with disease suspected to be cattle-plague, if it appears to them that the animal was 
so affected at the time of the landing thereof. 
72. Where an animal has been slaughtered in pursuance of this act the owner there- 
of shall not be entitled to recover in respect of the insurance thereof any sum which, 
together with the payment which he receives for the same under this act, would ex- 
ceed the sum which he would have been entitled to receive in respect of the insurance. 
73. The privy council may, notwithstanding anything in this act, reserve for exper- 
imental treatment any animal ordered to be slaughtered under this act, but compen- 
sation shall be payable in respect thereof as if this section had not been enacted. 
74. Every local authority shall keep, in such manner and form as the privy council 
from time to time by order direct or approve, a record relative to proceedings under 
this part of this act, stating the date of any order for slaughter, and the execution of 
the order, or the reservation of the animal for experimental treatment (as the case 
may be), and other proper particulars, and such record shall be evidence if any ques- 
tion arises concerning an order for the slaughter of any animal, or concerning com- 
pensation in respect thereof. 
Part YL—Orders of council and local authorities. 
75. The privy council may from time to time make such orders as they think expe- 
dient for all or any of the following purposes: 
For insuring for animals brought by sea to ports in Great Britain a proper supply 
of food and water during the passage and on landing. 
For protecting such animals from unnecessary suffering during the passage and on 
landing. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
For protecting animals from unnecesary suffering during inland transit. 
For prohibiting or regulating the movement of animals, and the removal of dead an- 
imals or parts thereof, and of hay, straw, litter, dang, and other things likely to spread 
contagious or infectious diseases among animals. 
For requiring the cleansing and disinfecting of yards, sheds, stables, fields, and other 
premises. 
For regulating the disposal of animals dying while affected with a contagious or in- 
fectious disease. 
For requiring notice of the appearance of any snch disease among animals. 
For prohibiting or regulating the holding markets, fairs, exhibitions or sales of ani- 
mals. 
And generally any orders whatsoever, which they think it expedient to make for the 
better execution of this act, or for the purpose of in any manner preventing the in- 
troduction or spreading of contagious or infectious disease among animals in Great 
Britain (whether any such orders are of t he same kind as the kinds enumerated in this 
section or not), and may in any such order direct or authorize the slaughtering of ani- 
imals that are affected with any contagious or infections disease, or that have been 
in contact with animals so affected ; and may in any such order direct or authorize 
the local authority to pay compensation for any animals so slaughtered; and may in 
any such order impose penalties for offenses against the same, nor, exceeding the sum 
of twenty pounds for any such offense, and so that in every such order provision be 
made that a penalty less than the maximum may be ordered to be paid : and this sec- 
tion shall extend to horses and all ruminating animals not within the definition of 
animals in this act. 
Every such order shall have the like force and effect as if it had been enacted by 
this act. 
7(5. A person, for the time being, appointed hy the privy council an inspector for the 
purposes of this act shall have for and throughout Great Britain all such powers, au- 
thorities, and privileges as an inspector of a local authority has within or in relation 
to his district: and a direction of the privy council shall in the case of an inspector 
appointed by them to be deemed equivalent to a direction of a local authority in the 
case of an inspector appointed by them. 
77. The privy council may from time to time, by order, declare that such of the pro- 
visions of this act, and of any order of the privy council under it, as relates to the 
metropolis, or any of these provisions, shall also extend and apply to any town, city, 
parish, or place specified in the order, and the same shall extend to snch town, city, 
parish, or place accordingly; and the privy council may at any time revoke or from 
time to time vary any such order. 
78. The privy council may from time to time, hy order, make such regulations as 
they think expedient for prohibiting or regulating the landing of any hay, straw, fod- 
der, or other article brought from any place out of the United Kingdom, whereby it 
appears to the privy cdnncil contagion or infection may be conveyed to animals, or for 
causing the same to be destroyed if landed. 
If any person lands, or attempts to land, any hay, straw, fodder, or other article in 
contravention of any such order the same shall be forfeited in like manner as goods 
the importation whereof is prohibited by the acts relating to the customs are liable to be 
forfeited; and the person so offending shall be liable to such penalties as are imposed 
on persons importing or attempting to import goods the importation whereof is pro- 
hibited by the acts relating to the customs, without prejudice to any proceeding 
against him under this act or any such order, but so that no person be punished twice 
for the same offense. 
79. The privy council may require a local authority to carry into effect any order of 
the privy council under this act, and may authorize a local authority to make any 
regulations for the purpose of preventing the spreading of contagious or infectious 
diseases among animals, subject to such conditions as the privy council impose; and 
the local authority may by'any such regulation impose such penalties as the privy 
council are by this act authorized to impose by order. 
80. The expenses incurred by a local authority in executing any order of the privy 
council under this act shall be defrayed by the local authority out of such local rates 
or funds,as such order directs, and the subject to or in the absence of any such direc- 
tion shall be deemed expenses incurred by the local authority in pursuance of this 
act. 
81. Every order of the privy council under this act shall be published in the London 
Gazette, save that where an order of the privy council affects only a particular port, 
tow'n, or place, or part thereof, specified in the order, or declares a jdace to be an in- 
fected place, or to be free from cattle-plague or from sheep-pox, or is in the nature of 
a license under an order of council, or of a revocation of such a license, then the inser- 
tion in the London Gazette of a notice of the issuing thereof shall be for all purposes 
sufficient publication thereof. 
Any order of the privy council under this act shall be published by and at the ex- 66 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
pense of any local authority to whom the same is sent hy the privy council for publi- 
cation, in some newspaper circulating in the district of the local authority, or in such 
other manner as the privy conncil direct. 
Any order or regulation made by a local authority shall be published hy them, at 
their own expense, in such manner as the privy council direct and subject to, or, in the 
absence of any such direction, in such manner as the local authority think sufficient 
and proper to insure publicity. 
82. Any order, license, regulation, or other instrument made under this act or under 
any order of the privy council thereunder, may be in writing or print, or partly in 
writing and partly in print. 
83. No stamp duty shall be payable on, and no fee or other charge shall he demanded 
or made for, any appointment, certificate, declaration, or license under this act, or any 
order or regulation made thereunder. 
84. An order or regulation made or issued by a local authority under this act or 
under any order of the privy council may be proved as follows : 
By the production of a copy of a newspaper containing a copy of such order or 
regulation; or 
By the production of a printed copy of such order or regulation purporting to be 
certified to he a true copy by the clerk of the peace where the authority are justices in 
general or quarter sessions assembled, or by the town clerk or other officer performing 
the duties of a town clerk in the case of an authority having a town clerk or other 
officer as aforesaid, or by such other officer as the privy council prescribes. 
And any such order or regulation shall, until the contrary is proved, be deemed to 
have been duly made and issued at the time at which it bears date. 
85. Penalties and forfeitures shall be recoverable and applicable under an order of 
the privy council or an order or regulation of a local authority, as penalties and for- 
feitures under this act are recoverable and applicable. 
Part YlL—Lands. 
86. A local authority may purchase or take on lease or at a rent laud for the pur- 
pose of burying therein animals dying of or slaughtered on account of any contagious 
or infectious disease, or for the purpose of providing wharves, lairs, sheds, maikets, 
houses, and places for the landing, reception, sale, and slaughter of foreign animals, 
or for any other purpose of this act, and may sell, exchange, or dispose of lands ac- 
quired by them under this act, hut not required to be retained for the purposes thereof, 
carrying the money produced thereby to the credit of the local rate. 
87. Land purchased or taken on lease or at a rent under this act by a local author- 
ity, not being a body corporate, shall be assured or demised to the local authority and 
their successors, in trust for the purposes of this act, and shall be accepted, taken, and 
held by them as a body corporate. 
88. The regulations contained in section seventy-five of the local government act, 
1858, shall be observed with respect to the purchase of laud by a local authority for the 
purposes of this act, and shall apply and have effect as if the local authority were a 
local board acting under the local government act, and the purposes of this act 
were purposes of that act, save that the advertisements and notices requisite under 
that section may be published and served in any two consecutive months instead of 
only in the mouths therein specified, and that the local rate be substituted for the 
rates therein mentioned ; and the powers conferred by this section may be exercised 
hy a local authority with respect to land either within and without their district. 
Part YIII.—Expenses of local authorities. 
89. The expenditure of a local authority in compensation for animals slaughtered 
under Part V of this act, or in respect of principal of or interest on money borrowed 
in pursuance of this act, shall be defrayed out of the local rate, or out of a separate 
rate to be levied in all respects as the local rate, and included under the term local 
rate. 
Any person who is not the owner of the premises in respect of which he is rated un- 
der this section to the local rate may deduct from the growing rent due to the owner 
of such premises one-half of the rate payable by him for the purposes of this section, 
and every owner shall allow such deduction accordingly. 
The owner for the purposes of this section shall he the person for the time being 
entitled to receive the rack rent of the premises in respect of which the rate is made 
on his own account, or who Avould he entitled to receive the same if such premises 
were let at a rack-rent, including under the term rack-rent any rent which is not less 
than two-thirds of the net annual value of the premises out of which the rent issues. 
Every local authority shall have power, notwithstanding any limit in any act of 
Parliament, to levy a local rate to the amount required for the purposes of this act, CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OE CATTLE. 
but every rate or increase of rate levied under this section shall in all precepts for the 
levy thereof be described as a separate rate or separate item of rate, and when col- 
lected from the individual rate-payers shall be collected as a separate rate or specified 
as a separate item of rate. 
Every order of a board of guardians for contributions of monies, out of which any 
such expenditure as in this section mentioned is payable, shall state the amount, in 
the pound of contribution, required for such expenditure; and the overseers, on the re- 
ceipt given to any rate-payer for poor rate, shall specify the amount (if any) collected 
in respect of such expenditure. 
90. Expenses incurred by a local authority in pursuance of this act, other than in 
their expenditure in compensation for animals slaughtered under Part Y of this act, 
or in respect of principal of or interest on money borrowed in pursuance of this act, 
shall be defrayed out of the local rate. 
91. Where before the twentieth day of February, one thousand eight hundred and 
sixty-six, any person suffered so great a loss of cattle by cattle-plague as to entitle 
him, after the passing of this act, in the opinion of the local authority, to a remission 
in whole or in part of the amount due from him in respect of the local rate, such re- 
mission may be granted by the local authority. 
92. Where, at the passing of this act, a local authority have in their hands an un- 
appropriated balance of a local rate levied under any act repealed by this act, they may 
if they think fit, apply any part of such balance in compensation for cattle slaugh- 
tered between the passing of “ the cattle-disease prevention act, 1866,” and the ap- 
pointment of inspectors under that act, by direction of a person whom the owner of 
such cattle had reasonable ground to believe to be the authorized inspector for the ex- 
ecution of the act, or they may carry such balance, or any part thereof, to the credit 
of the ordinary account of the local rate, to he applied for any of the purposes for 
which the local rate, when levied under any act other than an act repealed by this 
act, is applicable. 
93. All precepts, orders for contribution, and forms of poor rate shall, where neces- 
sary, be varied in such manner as may be required for carrying into effect this act. 
94. The treasurer of a local authority may, if directed by them, advance out of any 
monies for the time being in his hands, any sum required for payment of expenses in- 
curred by them in pursuance of this act. 
95. Where the local rate is a county rate or borough rate, or any other such rate as 
is mentioned in the second schedule to this act, all the provisions of the statutes ap- 
plicable to the making, levying, and collecting of a county rate, borough rate, or such 
other rate shall apply, notwithstanding that the whole of such rate, or any part there - 
of, is applicable to the payment of the expenditure of a local authority in pursuance 
of this act, in compensation for animals slaughtered, or in respect of principal of or 
interest on money borrowed in pursuance of this act. 
96. An error in the statement of the amount of expenses in any precept, warrant, 
contribution, order, or receipt issued or given under this act shall not invalidate such 
precept, warrant, contribution, order, or receipt; but any person aggrieved by the 
error may appeal to the justices in petty sessions and the justices may rectify the error 
and award to the appellant compensation for any loss he may have sustained thereby, 
the amount of such compensation to be paid to the appellant, and to be deemed ex- 
penses of the local authority under this act. 
97. Notwithstanding anything in this act, the local authority of each borough situate 
within a county and assessed to the county rate thereof, shall be recouped the propor- 
tionate amount contributed by the borough to the expenses incurred by the local au- 
thority of the county in pursuance of this act, including expenditure in compensation 
for animals slaughtered, or in respect of principal of or interest on money borrowed in 
pursuance of this act, so that the burden of those expenses shall be borne wholly by 
the county, and not as to any part thereof, by any borough situate within the county. 
98. Where the rate levied or required for the purposes of this act exceeds or would 
exceed sixpence in the pound, a local authority may, for the purposes of defraying 
any costs, charges, and expenses under this act, borrow at interest on the credit of the 
local rate any sums of money necessary for defraying such costs, charges, and expenses; 
and for the purpose of securing the repayment of any sums of money so borrowed, to- 
gether with such interest as aforesaid, the local authority may mortgage the local rate 
for any period not exceeding seven years. 
Where the rate levied or required for the purposes of this act exceeds or would ex- 
ceed ninepence in the pound, the commissioners of Her Majesty's treasury may, on 
application from the local authority, extend the term to any term not exceeding four- 
teen years, and the local authority may mortgage the rate accordingly : Provided that 
where the local authority borrow for any purpose of this act on any security other 
than the local rate (whether together with the local rate, if any, or separately thei’e- 
Borrowing. 68 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
from), the limitations in this section contained respecting the amount of rate and the 
term of years shall not operate. 
The provisions of the commissioners’ clauses act, 1847, with respect to the mortgages 
to he executed by the commissioners shall be incorporated with this section, the local 
authority being deemed to be the commissioners, and any mortgagee or assignee may 
enforce payment of his principal and interest by appointment of a receiver. 
The public-works loan commissioners may, with the approval of the commissioners 
of Her Majesty’s treasury, advance to a local authority, on the security, of the local rate, 
without any further security, any sums of money to be applied for the purposes of 
this act, and to be repaid with interest within any period as aforesaid. 
99. Where the estimated amount of the sum required to be levied for payment of the 
expenditure of a local authority in pursuance of this act (including expenditure in- 
curred in the payment of money borrowed or of interest thereon) exceeds the sum 
that would be raised by the levying of a rate of one shilling in the pound on the 
ratable value of the property assessed to the local rate, the local authority may borrow 
from the public-works loan commissioners, and the public-works loan commissioners 
may, out of the balance for the time being unapplied of any money by any act al- 
ready passed authorized to be issued for the purposes of loans under any act repealed 
by this act, or out of any other money for the tune being authorized to be issued for 
the purpose of loans under this section, lend to them such sums as may be required, 
subject to the following conditions: 
(1.) Every such loan shall be made with the sanction of the commissioners of .Her 
Majesty’s treasury. 
(2.) Interest shall be at the rate of 3J per centum per annum. 
(3.) Repayment of the loan shall be made by such number of equal annual install- 
ments, not exceeding thirty, as the commissioners of Her Majesty’s treasury direct. 
(4.) The commissioners of Her Majesty’s treasury may, if they think fit, authorize the 
postponement, for a period not exceeding two years, of any payment of principal or 
interest becoming due within the first three years. 
(5.) Repayment of the loan and interest shall be secured by a mortgage of the local 
rate, and it shall not be incumbent on the public works loan commissioners to require 
any other security. 
(6 ) The local authority shall have power to levy, and shall levy, rates requisite for 
the purpose of repaying the loan with interest. 
(7.) The sanction of the commissioners of Her Majesty’s treasury to the loan shall 
be couclusive evidence that it is authorized by this act; and no objection shall be 
made by any rate-payer to the validity of any mortgage for the loan, or to the appli- 
cation of the proceeds of the local rate to the payment of the principal or interest of 
the loan. 
(8.) The commissioners of Her Majesty’s treasury may, by agreement with the local 
authority borrowing, commute into one equivalent annuity, terminable at the time 
fixed for the liquidation of the annual installments aforesaid, the payments secured byT 
the mortgage, or any portion of such payments. 
100. Where a local authority have borrowed money on the security of a mortgage 
of the local rate, under any act repealed by this act, then (except as otherwise pro- 
vided in this act with respect to the county of Chester) notwithstanding any repeal 
in this act, or any alteration made by this act in the definition of a local authority or 
local rate, or any other thing in this act contained, the local rate mortgaged shall con- 
tinue to be the security for the money borrowed, as if this act had not been passed; 
and in relation to the money so borrowed the local authority which borrowed such 
money, and the local rate on which the same is charged, shall continue to be the local 
authority and the local rate under the acts repealed by this act as if this act had not 
been passed ; and all provisions of Part II of the cattle-diseases prevention act, 18(56, 
relative to expenses, and all the provisions of the cattle-diseases prevention amend- 
ment act, 186(5, and all other provisions of any act repealed by this act relative to ex- 
penses, and all the provisions of the cattle-diseases prevention amendment act, 186(5, 
and all other provisions of any act repealed by this act relative to expenses of local 
authorities, rating, remission of rates, and borrowing, and matters connected there- 
with respectively, shall, in relation to the money so borrowed, and to the rate charged 
therewith, continue to operate as if this act had not been passed. 
101. With respect to the county of Chester the following provisions shall have 
effect: • 
(1.) As far as regards the expenditure of the local authority of the county of Chester 
in respect of principal of or interest on money borrowed in pursuance of any act re- 
pealed by this act, and any matter consequent on or relative to that expenditure (in- 
cluding the remission of rates), the foregoing provisions of this part of this act shall 
not apply to that county. 
(2.) That expenditure shall be defrayed out of the county rate for the county of 
Chester, or out of any money applicable under any act of Parliament, or otherwise, for 
the public charges or uses of that county, or partly out of one and partly of the other; CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
such county rate to be assessed, levied, and collected in the manner prescribed bylaw 
tor the assessment, levying, and collection of county rates, independently of this act 
or of any act repealed by this act. 
(3.) In lieu of any provision authorizing deduction by tenant from landlord of half 
of the local rate, any person who is not the owner of the premises in the county of 
Chester in respect of which he is rated to the poor rate may, in each year until the first 
day of November, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, in which he duly pays 
his poor rate, deduct from the growing rent due to the owner of such premises a sum 
equal to one penny in the pound on the annual ratable value of such premises, and 
every owner shall allow such deduction accordingly; and the owner, for the purposes 
of this section, shall be the person defined as such in this part of this act. 
(4.) The local authority for the county of Chester shall entertain and decide on ap- 
plications from rate-payers to whom, if this section had not been inserted in this act, 
remission in respect of the local rate might have been granted, and may, on such appli- 
cations, grant to the applicants, or any of them, such sum or sums of money (if any) 
out of the county rate as the local authority think reasonable, regard being had to the 
extent of loss in the cases of the several applicants. 
(5.) The local authority of each borough situate within the county of Chester and 
assessed to the county rate thereof, shall, by means of repayment out of the county 
rate, or by means of differential rates, or partly in the one wTay and partly in the other, 
be recouped the proportionate amount contributed by the borough to any money granted 
as aforesaid, so that the burden of the expenditure incurred by the local authority of 
the county in respect of such grants shall be borne wholly by the county, and not as 
to any part thereof by any borough situate within the county; but nothing in this sec- 
tion shall prejudicially affect the mortgage security of the public-works loan commis- 
sioners for money advanced to the local authority of the county of Chester under any 
act repealed by this act; and the local authority of that county shall, from time to 
time, levy such rates as are under this section applicable, and as are for the time being 
requisite (either wholly or in conjunction with such other money as in this section 
mentioned) for the purpose of repaying wdth interest the money advanced on such 
mortgage security according to the terms thereof. 
102. The existence of any order or precept for the making or collection under any 
act repealed by this act of any rate remaining uncollected, wholly or in part, at the 
passing of this act shall not affect the validity of any rate made after the passing of 
this act. 
Part IX.—Offenses and legal proceedings. 
103. If any person acts in contravention of or is guilty of any offense against this 
act, or any order or regulation made by the privy council or a local authority in pur- 
suance of this act, he shall for every such offense (except as otherwise provided in this 
act, and except where a Jess penalty is provided in any such order or regulation) be 
liable to a penalty not exceeding twenty pounds. 
Where any such offense is committed with respect to more than four animals a pen- 
alty not exceeding five pounds for each animal may be imposed instead of the penalty 
of twenty pounds. 
Where any such offense is committed in relation to offal, dung, hay, straw, litter, 
or anything, a further penalty, not exceeding ten pounds, may be imposed in respect 
of every half ton in weight of such offal, or other thing, after the first half ton. 
104. If any person does any of the following things he shall be deemed guilty of an 
offense against this act: 
(1.) It he does anything for which a license is reqisite under this act, or any order 
of the privy council thereunder, without having obtained a license. 
(2.) If where such a license is requisite, having obtained a license in that behalf, he 
does the thing licensed after the license has expired. 
(3.) If he uses or offers or attempts to use as such a license an instrument not being 
a complete license, or an instrument untruly purporting or appearing to he a license, 
unless he shows to the satisfaction of the justices before whom he is charged that he 
did not know of such incompleteness or untruth, and that he could not with reasona- 
ble diligence have obtained such knowledge. 
(4-) If with intent to evade any provision of this act, or of any order of the privy 
council thereunder, he fabricates or alters, or offers or utters, knowing the same to be 
fabricated or altered, any license, declaration, certificate, or instrument made or issued, 
or purporting to be made or issued, under or for any purpose of this act or any such 
order. 
(5.) If for the purpose of obtaining any license, certificate, or instrument under or 
for the purposes of any such provision, he makes a declaration false in any material 
particular, unless he shows to the satisfaction of the justices before whom he is 
-charged that he did not know of such falsify, and that he could not with reasonable 
diligence have obtained such knowledge. 
(6.) If he obtains or endeavors to obtain any such license, certificate, or instrument, 70 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
l)y means of any false pretense, unless be shows to the satisfaction of the justices be- 
fore whom he is charged that he did not know of such falsity, and he could not with 
reasonable diligence have obtained such knowledge. 
(7.) If he grants or issues any such license, certificate, or instrument, being false in 
any material particular, unless he shows to the satisfaction of the justices before 
whom he is charged that he did not know of such falsity, and that he could not with 
reasonable diligence have obtained such knowledge. 
And in any such case he shall be liable, on conviction, in discretion of the justices, 
to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding three months, with or without hard labor, 
in lieu of the pecuniary penalty to which he is liable under this act. 
105. If any person obstructs or impedes an inspector or other officer acting in exe- 
cution of this act, or of any order of the privy council thereunder, he, and every per- 
son aiding and assisting him therein, shall be guilty of an offense against this act, and 
the inspector or other officer, or any person whom he calls to his assistance, may seize- 
the offender and detain him until he can be conveniently takenffiefore a justice, to be 
dealt with according to law, 
106. Notwithstanding anything in any act relating to the metropolitan police or to 
municipal corporations, or in any other act, one-half of every penalty or forfeiture re- 
covered under this act shall be paid to the person who sues or proceeds for the same, 
and the other half shall be applied as if this section had not been enacted. 
107. In proceedings before justices under this act any railway company or other 
body corporate may appear by any member of their board of directors or council, or 
by any officer authorized in writing under the hand of any director or member of the 
council of the company or body. 
108. If any party feels aggrieved by the dismissal of his complaint by justices, or by 
any determination or adjudication of justices with respect to any penalty or forfeiture 
under this act, he may appeal therefrom, subject to the conditions and regulations fol- 
lowing : 
(1.) The appeal shall be made to some court of general or quarter sessions for the 
county or place in which the cause of appeal has arisen, holden not less than fifteen days 
and not more than four months after the decision of the justices. 
(2.) The appellant shall, within three days after the cause of appeal has arisen, give 
notice to the clerk of the petty sessional division for which the justices act whose de- 
cision is appealed from, of his intention to appeal and of the grounds thereof. 
(3.) The appellant shall immediately after such notice enter into a recognizance, be- 
fore a justice of the peace, with two sufficient sureties, conditioned personally to try 
such appeal, and to abide the judgment of the court thereon, and to pay such costs as 
may be awarded by the court. 
(4.) The court may adjourn the appeal and may make such order thereon as they think 
just. But nothing in this section respecting appeals shall affect any enactment relative 
to appeals in cases of summary convictions or adjudications in the city of London or 
the metropolitan police district. 
109. For the purposes of proceedings under this act, or any order of the privy council 
or order or regulation of a local authority thereunder, every offense against this act or 
any such order or regulation shall be deemed to have arisen, either in the place in 
which the same actually was committed or arose, or in any place in which the person 
charged or complained against happens to be. 
110. An action or proceeding shall not lie against any person acting or intending to 
act under the authority or in the execution or in pursuance of this act for any alleged 
irregularity or trespass or other act or thing done or omitted by him under this act, 
unless notice in writing (specifying the cause of the action or proceeding, and the 
name and residence of the intending plaintiff or prosecutor, and of his attorney or 
agent in the matter) is given by the intending plaintiff or prosecutor to the intended 
defendant one month at least before the commencement of the action or proceeding, 
nor unless the action or proceeding is commenced within four months next after the 
doing of such damage has ceased ; and any such action shall be laid and tried in the 
county or place where the cause of action arose, and not elsewhere. 
111. In any such action the defendant may plead generally that the act or thing 
complained of was done or omitted by him when acting or intending to act under the 
authority or in the execution or in pursuance of this act, and may give all special 
matter in evidence. 
112. On the trial of any such action the plaintiff shall not be permitted to go into 
evidence of any cause of action not stated in his notice. 
113. The plaintiff in any such action shall not succeed if tender of sufficient amends 
is made by the defendant before the commencement of the action ; and in case no ten- 
der has been made the defendant may, by leave of the court in which the action is 
brought, at any time pay into the court such sum of money as he thinks fit, where- 
Protection of persons in execution of act. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
71 
upon such proceeding and order shall be had and made in and hy the court as may he 
had and made on the payment of money into court in an ordinary action. 
114. If in any such action the plaintiff does not succeed in obtaining judgment, the 
defendant shall receive such full and reasonable indemnity as to all costs, charges, and 
expenses incurred in and about the action as may be taxed and allowed by the proper 
officer, subject to review ; and though a verdict is given for the plaintiff in the action, 
he shall not have costs against the defendant unless the judge before whom the trial 
is had certifies his approval of the action and verdict. 
115. Where any such action or proceeding is defended under the direction or with 
the approval of the local authority, the costs, charges, and expenses incurred in and 
about the same, by or on behalf of the defendant and payable by him, and any damage 
or other money recovered against or payable by him in or in consequence of such ac- 
tion or proceeding, shall be deemed expenses incurred by the local authority in pur- 
suance of this act and shall be defrayed accordingly. 
Part X.—Scotland. 
116. The provisions of this part of this act shall extend to Scotland only, and shall 
have effect in substitution for the provisions of the preceding parts of this act, -when 
so expressed or implied, and otherwise shall have effect in addition to the provisions 
thereof. 
117. For the purposes of this act the respective districts, authorities, rate, and officers 
described in that behalf in the ninth schedule to this act shall he the district, the lo- 
cal authority, the local rate, and the clerk of the local authority. 
118. The commissioners of supply in every county shall meet and nominate not 
fewer than four or more than fifteen of their number to act on the county hoard for 
the purposes of this act, and shall intimate to the lord lieutenant of the county and 
the convener of the county the number and names of the persons so appointed. 
The clerk of supply in each county shall call a meeting of the occupiers of agricult- 
ural subjects in such county, valued in the valuation roll in force for the time at one 
hundred pounds and upwards, and of occupiers of such subjects of which they are 
owners valued in the valuation roll at fifty pounds and under one hundred pounds; 
and such meeting shall be called by advertisement in one or more newspapers circulat- 
ing in the county for the same day as, or for a day not later than eight days after 
the meeting of the commissioners of supply, and such advertisement shall specify the 
time and place of such meeting, and the clerk of supply shall be clerk to such meet- 
ing; and the meeting shall nominate from among such occupiers, and owners and oc- 
cupiers, a number of persons equal to those nominated by the commissioners of supply; 
and the meeting shall also name a convener, who shall intimate the names of the per- 
sons so nominated to the convener of the county, and shall have power to call similar 
meetings by such advertisement, when occasion shall require ; and in the event of 
such election not being intimated to the convener of the county within fifteen days 
from the date of such meeting, it shall be lawful to the lord lieutenant to nominate 
from among such occupiers, or owners and occupiers, such number of persons, and in- 
timate the same to the convener of the county. 
Any such nomination and intimation made for the purposes of any act repealed by 
this act shall continue to have effect for the purposes of this act. 
Vacancies from time to time happening by death, resignation, or otherwise among 
the members of the local authority shall be filled up by the authority and in the man- 
ner by and in which the members vacating office were respectively nominated. 
The persons nominated as in this section provided, and the lord lieutenant of the 
county, the convener of the county, and the sheriff'of the county (or in his absence 
such one of his substitutes within the county as he directs by writing under his hand) 
for the time being, shall constitute the loc a'l authority ; five shall be a quorum of the 
local authority. 
As far as not otherwise provided by this act, such local authority shall have all the 
powers conferred on the local authority by this act, and shall have power to elect a 
chairman, specify a quorum, and make all regulations necessary for carrying the pur- 
poses of this act into effect. 
The chairman of the local authority, and in default of him the convener of the county, 
and in default of him any three members of the k cal authority, may at any time call 
a meeting of the local authority, to be held at such time and place as he or they may 
fix, and the local authority may adjourn as they from time to time think fit. 
119. Part VII of this act shall have effect as if section ninety of the public health 
(Scotland) act, 1167, we;e thereby applied, h stead of section seventy-five of the lo- 
cal government act, 1858; and in the said section ninety the local authority and local 
rate under this act shall be substituted for the local authority and the assessment 
therein mentioned. 
120. The local authority in a county shall from time to time give notice to the com- 
missioners of supply of the sums necessary to be provided under the provisions of this 72 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
act by means of the local rate; and the amount so intimated shall be assessed and col- 
lected by the commissioners of supply according to the real rent of lauds and heritages 
as appearing on the valuation roll in force for the year, who shall pay over the same 
to the local authority. 
The local authority in a burgh shall in like manner assess and collect the amount 
required to be raised by local rate within such burgh. 
All such assessments shall be payable one-half by the proprietor and one-half by the 
tenant, but may be collected wholly from the tenant, who shall in that case be entitled 
to deduct one-half thereof from the rent payable by him to the proprietor, who shall 
in that case be entitled to relief against the tenant for one-half of the assessment; 
and for the purposes of the provisions of this act relative to any balance of funds re- 
maining over from any assessment, the words “local rate” shall in Scotland mean 
the poor rate. 
All the provisions in regard to the recovery of assessments in the act of the session 
of the twentieth and twenty-first years of Her Majesty (chapter 72), “to render more 
effectual the police in counties and burghs in Scotland,” are hereby incorporated in 
this act, as far as the same are not inconsistent with the provisions of this act. 
121. In the case of a county, a printed copy of an order or regulation of the local 
authority, purporting to be certified to be a true copy by the clerk of supply, shall be 
received in proof. 
122. The terras “justice” and “justices” shall include any magistrate having juris- 
diction under the summary-procedure act, 1864. 
123. In the event of any person refusing or delaying to comply with the order of a 
local authority, the local authority may give information thereof to the procurator- 
fiscal of the county or burgh, who may apply to the sheriff for a warrant to carry such 
order into effect, and such warrant may be executed by the officers of the court in the 
usual way. 
124. All judicial powers given to justices and quarter-sessions, or to magistrates in 
b troughs, by this act, may also be exercised by the sheriff of the county or the sheriff' 
substitute. 
125. Notice of appeal and of the grounds thereof shall be given to the clerk of the 
peace of the county. 
126. For the purposes of this act the burgh of Maxwelltowu shall be held to be a 
part of the stewartry of Kirkcudbright, and not of the parliamentary burgh of Dum- 
fries. 
SCHEDULES. 
The first schedule relates to acts repealed. 
The second schedule refers to the local authorities, &c., in England. 
District of local au- 
thority. 
Description of local au- 
thority of district set 
opposite name. 
Local rate. 
| Clerk of local authority. 
Counties except the me- 
tropolis. 
The justices in general 
or quarter sessrons as- 
sembled. 
The county rate, or rate 
in the nature of a co un- 
tv rate. 
Clerk of the peace. 
The metropolis (subject 
The metropolitan hoard 
Kate or fund applicable 
The clerk of the me- 
to the provisions of this 
act respecting the city 
of London and the lib- 
erties" thereof.) 
of works. 
to the payment of the 
g e n e r a 1 expenses of 
the board. 
tropolitan board of 
works. 
Boroughs 
The mayor, aldermen, 
and burgesses acting 
by the council. 
Where the borough is 
not subject to the act 
of the session of the 
fifth and sixth years 
of the reign of King 
William the Fourth, 
chapter seventy-six, 
the commissioners or 
other body rnaintain- 
, ing the police therein. 
The borough fund or 
borough rate. 
The rate applicable by 
the commissioners or 
other body to the 
maintenance of the 
police. 
Town clerk. 
Clerk of the conirnis- 
turners or other body. 
District of local board of 
Oxford. 
The local board........... 
Kate leviable by the lo- 
cal rate. 
Clerk of the local 
board. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
73 
The third schedule contains regulations respecting committees and subcommittees: 
“ 1. A committee formed by a local authority may consist wholly of members of the 
local authority, or partly thereof, and partly of such other persons being rated occu- 
piers in the district and qualified in such other manner as the local authority deter- 
mine. 
“ 2. A committee of a local authority and a subcommittee of an executive commit- 
tee may elect a chairman of their meetings. 
“ 3. If no chairman is elected, or if the chairman elected is not present at the time 
appointed for the holding of a meeting, the members then present shall choose one of 
their number to be chairman of the meeting. 
“ 4. A committee or subcommittee may meet and adjourn as they think proper. 
“5. Every question at a meeting of a committee or subcommittee shall be deter- 
mined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting on the question, and 
in case of an equal division of votes the chairman shall have a second or casting vote.” 
The fourth schedule refers to regulations that maybe applied to the landing, move- 
ment, and disposal of foreign animals : 
“ 1. These regulations are to have effect with respect to those foreign animals to 
which they are from time to time applied by order of the privy council. 
‘‘2. Those foreign animals are to be landed only at parts of ports defined by special 
orders of the privy council for the several ports as places where foreign animals may 
be landed. 
“ 3. They are to be landed in such manner, within such times, and subject to such 
supervision and control as the commissioners of customs from time to time direct. 
“ 4. The owner, consignee, or other person landing them is either before landing 
them or within twelve hours after lauding them, at his own expense, to mark them as 
follows : In case of cattle, by clipping the hair off the end of the tail, and in such 
further manner (if any) as the privy council from time to time prescribe, and in case 
of other animals in such manner as the privy council from time to time prescribe. 
“ They are not to be moved from the place of landing or lairs adjacent thereto, ap- 
proved by the privy council, except as follows: 
“(«.) After the expiration of twelve hours from the time of landing or such other 
period as the privy council from time to time prescribe. 
“ (?>.) On a certificate from the veterinary inspector appointed in this behalf by the 
commissioners of customs, certifying that they are free from contagious or infectious 
disease. 
“ 6. They are not to be moved alive out of the part of the port of landing from time 
to time defined in that behalf by the privy council. 
“ 7. Notwithstanding anything in these regulations, where a vessel comes into port 
having on board foreign animals maimed or injured on jfche voyage, the owner, con- 
signee, or other person in charge thereof, or the master of the vessel, shall, if directed 
by the veterinary inspector aforesaid, or may, if he thinks fit, slaughter those animals 
any of them immediately on their being landed, but the carcass, hide, skin, hair, wool, 
horn, hoof, or offal of any such animal or any part thereof is not to be moved from the 
place of landing, or some lair or slaughter house adjacent thereto approved by the privy 
council, without a certificate from the veterinary inspector aforesaid, certifying that 
it is not likely to introduce or spread contagions or infectious disease.” 
The fifth schedule has reference to the tolls and dues levied in the metropolitan mar- 
ket after opening of foreign catile market. 
Sheep, per head Five farthings. 
Beasts, per head Sixpence, 
Calves, per head Threepence. 
Pigs, per head Five farthings. 
The sixth schedule contains “ Rules with respect to infected places.” 
Part I.—Cattle plague. 
1. The rules of this part of this schedule are to have effect with respect to infected 
places as regards cattle plague. 
2. No animal is to be moved alive out of an infected place. 
3. Any hide, skin, hair, wool, horn, hoof, or offal of any animal, or any part thereof, 
is not to be moved out of an infected place without a license signed by an officer of 
the local authority appointed to issue licenses in that behalf, certifying either that 
the thing moved has not formed part of an animal affected with cattle plague ; or if 
an animal that has been in the same shed or stable, or in the same herd or flock, or in 
contact with an animal so affected, or that the thing moved has been disinfected. 
4. The carcass of an animal, or a single portion of raw meat weighing more than 
twenty pounds, is not to be moved out of an infected place without a license signed 
by an officer of the local authority appointed in that behalf certifying that the car- 74 
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
cass or meat moved is not the carcass or part of the carcass of an animal affected with 
the cattle plague. 
5. Any dung of animals, and any hay, straw, litter, or other thing commonly used 
for food of animals, or otherwise for or about animals, is not to be moved out of an 
infected place without a license signed by an officer of the locality appointed in 
that behalf, certifying that the thing moved has not been in contact with or been 
used for or about any animal affected with cattle plague, or that it has been disin- 
fected. 
Part II.—Sheep-pox. 
1. The rules of this part of this schedule are to have effect with respect to infected 
places as regards sheep-pox. 
2. No sheep is to be moved alive out of an infected place. 
3. Any skin, wool, horn, or hoof of any sheep, or any part thereof, is not to be 
moved out of an infected place without a license signed by an officer appointed by 
the local authority to issue licenses in that behalf, certifying that the thing moved 
did not belong to any sheep forming part of a flock affected with sheep-pox, or to any 
sheep that has been on a place in which that disease existed. 
4. Sheds and places used by sheep affected with sheep-pox are forthwith, after 
being so used, to be cleansed and disinfected. 
The seventh schedule contains “ pleuro-pneumonia rules.” * 
1. These rules are to have effect with respect to any field, stable, cow-shed, or other 
premises infected by pleuro-pneumonia. 
2. Cattle affected by pleuro-pneumonia are not to be moved from such field, stable, 
cow-shed, or other premises or from any land or building contiguous thereto, in the 
same occupation, except for immediate slaughter, and according to regulations to be 
from time to time made by the local authority for insuring such slaughter. 
3. Other cattle are not to be moved from such field, stable, cow-shed, or other prem- 
ises, or from any land or building contiguous thereto in the same occupation, except 
for immediate slaughter, without a license signed by an officer of the local authority 
appointed to issue licenses in that behalf, certifying that the cattle moved are not 
affected with pleuro-pneumonia, and have not been in the same shed or herd or in 
contact with cattle so affected. 
4. Sheds and places used by cattle affected with pleuro-pneumonia are forthwith 
after being so used to be cleansed and disinfected to the satisfaction of the local 
authority. 
The eighth schedule gives the forms to be used by the inspector. 
(1.) 
Declaration of diseases. 
[The contagious diseases (animals) act, 1869.] 
I, A. 8., of , the inspector appointed by , being the local authority for 
the county of , hereby declare that I have this day found cattle plague [or pleu- 
ro-pneumonia or sheep-pox] to exist in the following field, stable, cow-shed, or other 
premises (that is to say) [here describe the place where the disease is found]. 
Dated this day of , 18 . 
(Signed) A. B. 
(2.) 
Notice of declaration to occupiers. 
To C. D., of ; 
I, A. 8., of , inspector appointed by , being the local authority for the 
[county] of , hereby give you notice, as the occupier of the following field, sta- 
ble, cow-shed, or other premises (that is to say), [here describe the place where the disease 
is found'], that I have made a declaration, a copy whereof is indorsed on this notice [copy 
of declaration as filled up and signed to he indorsed], and that in consequence thereof *the 
field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises aforesaid, with all lands and bindings con- 
tiguous thereto in your occupation, have become and are an infected place, and that 
the same will continue to be an infected place* until the determination and declaration 
relative thereto of the local authority, as provided for in section of of the above- 
mentioned act [or in ease of pleuro-pneumonia omit the part between the asterisks, and 
insert the pleuro-pneumonia rules of the above-mentioned act will have effect in rela- 
tion to the field, stable, cow-shed, or other premises aforesaid]. 
Dated this day of , 18—. 
(Signed) A. B. 
[The contagious diseases (animals) act, 1869.] CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF CATTLE. 
75 
(3.) 
Notice of declaration to.adjoining occupiers. 
To E. T., of : 
[The contagious diseases (animals) act, 1809.] 
I, A. 8,, of , the inspector appointed by , being the local authority for 
the [county] of , hereby give you notice that I have made a declaration, a copy 
whereof is indorsed ou this notice [copy of declaration as filled up and signed to he in- 
dorsed'], and that in consequence thereof the held, stable, cow-shed, or other premises 
therein described, with all lands and buildings contiguous thereto in the same occu- 
pation, have become and are an infected place, and the same will continue to be an 
infected place until the determination and declaration relative thereto of the local 
authority, as provided for in section of the above-mentioned act. And I hereby 
require you, as an occupier of lands and buildings adjoining to such infected places,, 
part [or the whole] whereof lies within one mile of the boundaries of the infected 
place, to take notice that in consequence of the declaration aforesaid the rules of the said 
act with respect to infected places will, until such determination and declaration of the 
local authority as aforesaid, apply and have effect to and in respect of the land and 
buildings of which you are occupier as if the same were actually within the limits of 
the infected place. 
Dated this day of , 18—. 
(Signed) A. B. 
The ninth schedule refers to the local authorities, &c., in Scotland. 
District of local 
authority. 
Description of local 
authority of district 
set opposite name. 
Local rate.* 
Clerk of local authority 
Counties including any 
town or place which 
does not return or con- 
tribute to return a 
member to P a r 1 i a • 
ment. 
Purghs which return or 
contribute to return a 
member to Parliament. 
The persons appointed 
as provided in Part X 
of this act. 
The magistrates and 
town council. 
Clerk of supply. 
Town clerk. 
* Kate appointed to be levied in Part X of tins act. 
Several amendments and modifications to the above law have been made since its 
enactment, among which the following has the most important bearing upon cattle 
exported from the United States ; 
IV.—Other foreign countries. 
11. In relation to foreign animals other than those brought from the Channel Islands 
and the Isle of Man, if and as long as, from time to time, the privy council are satis- 
fied, with respect to any foreign country, that the laws thereof relating to the impor- 
tation and exportation of animals, and to the prevention of the introduction or spread- 
ing of disease, and the general sanitary condition of animals therein, are such as to 
afford reasonable security against the importation therefrom of diseased animals, then, 
from time to time, the privy council, by general or special order, shall allow, animals, 
or any specified kind of animals, brought from that country, to be landed, without 
being subject, under the provisions of this schedule, to slaughter or to quarantine, 
and may for that purpose alter or add to those provisions, as the case may require: 
but every such order shall forthwith, after the making thereof, if Parliament is then 
sitting, and if not, then forthwith after the next meeting of Parliament, be laid before 
both houses of Parliament.