Gen. Leonard Wood's Notebook of
Harvard Medical School. Dec. 1881-June 1882.
Leonard Wood
Harvard Medical School
13 Allen St
Oct 1887 

 

Materia Med, Dec 15, 1881
Rec. In [cross out] Phospharated oils the
oil is heated to remove any air
or water which may be in the 
oil. [cross out]
Sulphur and sulphuroric acid
may be used for parecticul troubles
itch and ring worm. 
Sulphur may be given
bulk a dose from a teaspoonfull
to a table spoonfull
Sulfuric acid dilute may be
given in doses from 10 to 30 drops
in a tumbler of water. Strong 1-3
drops to the same amt of H2O
For painting the tincture in
better than the compound tinc
The latter is better than the
pure tinc for atemization 
The tinc is visil in water
The compound tinc in vol or water
since the iodine in vol in a 
solution of pottassic hydrate

Iodine is given internaly in the
form of a tincture very dilute but
even then it is very irritating
and is given in does of 2C gm
It is also given mixed with
starch which makes it much
less irritating and may be given 
in larger doses 4-6 C gm 
Iodide of potass may be
administered in sal in which it
keeps very well
It is given with compound
syrup of sasaphrilla which 
hides its taste completly
Potassic hydrate. It is a 
caustic and acts in a soap, and
is given internaly as an anti
acid

1 
Substances to read up Dec 13 81
Aqua carni 214. 4.gm
Spiritus aromaticus amoniae 13.42. 2-4 3
Glycerites of Co3. tannin. gallic acid 605.
Oleate of Hg 973
Troches 1474
Confections 450
Extracts 565
Porvelus 1181
Pills 1888
Emplastium 524
Suppositores 1380
Tinctures 1430
Unguenta 1482
Limimentum 825
Cerata 377
Lotions 878
Syrupus 1389
Spiritus 1337
Vina 1521
Oleum phosphatum 1008 .3 (.4)
Palula phosphori 1100 .2-.4 (3)
Syrupus ferri phosphatis 1393 4. (4.)
[illegible] dilutium phosphoricums 69 -1-4 (2.)
[illegible] 214 .3-.5 (.4)

Page dose 
Liquor sodii 866 .6-4. gm (2)
Unguentum sulphatis (178-278) 1496
H2So4 80 (.6)
Tincturum iodidi 1448
" Comparndium 1449 .6-2. (1)
Bromidum potassii 1137. .2-2. (1)
Iodidum " 1156 .2-2. (1)
" Sodic 1321 .1-2. (1)
[illegible] 1310 .1-2. (1)
[illegible] 1264 
[illegible] calci 317 .1-2. (1)
Iodidum 324 .86-.2 (.1)
[illegible] cylate of sodium 74
Liquor Pottassii 863 .6-6 (2)
Pulveres effervesentes aperientes 1184
Linamentum saphonis 830
Liquor calcio 842 32-192 (.75)
" Mg citratis 856 128-192 150)
Liquor ferri sulphatis 850 .3-1 (.5)
Syrupus iodidi ferri 1391 .6-2.6 (1)
Pilluae iodidi ferri 1098 .2-.5
Tincture ferri chloridi 1444 .6-
Ferrum reductum 65 .06-
Tincture ferri chloria 1444 .6-2
Ferrum reductum 637 .06-
Pilluae ferri carbonate 1096 .05-
Ferri et potassii tartras H2O 627

Ferri citias H20 624 3-1.3 
Terum dialystum 649 .3-2.
Ferri et quinae citron H20 628 .3
Materia Medica Dec 22 1881
Antimony. a metal allied to Bi prep 
from the sulphide it is very likely to
be mixed with Ag or Ni or even Ar 
Sulphurate of Antimony this of the 
U.S. found in all parts of the 
world. seperated from its infus 
by fusion.-
Sulphurated antimony this is
a mix of several varieties of Antimony
Sometimes called the golden
sulphur of antimony Dose 3 dec
grm.
Plummer pill these are made of
Sulphuretted antimony and Calomel
molasses and [cross out].
Oxy sulphurette of antimony.
Oxide of Antimony official insol 
in H2O
Jame's powder. dose-1 grm
Tarter emetic

this is a whitish powder sal- 
water [cross out] sal about 1-10
This may be given as [cross out]
a [cross out] tea to & reduce the hearts action
and the bodily temperature
As one emetic dose 1/2-1 die
grm
Antimony plaster 1 part of tarter
emetic. 4 parts of burgundy pitch
almost absolet at present
This usual produce pustules.
Wine of Amt. Tarter emetic
Sherry wine and distilled water
has no taste except the taste
of the wine
This is often used in cough
mixtures.
Compound mix of licorice this
contains liccorice antimoni sweet
spirit of [cross out] water, antimny
Syrup of squills antimny in the
form of tarter emetic and various other
drugs-
Bi:

found in Texas Saxony. distribed 
as a sulphide or oxide or in 
combination with other metals
Has to be purified on it in often
to contain Ac or Lb
4 Officinal prep-
[cross out] Sub carbonate B in NH3HO
and NiCO3 + H2O. A creamy white
tastless and odourless invol-
H2O. 5-3 grm
Sub Nitrate. made like the 
carbonate and then dissolved
in nitric acid, Earthy taste
insol in H2O, and the gastric 
and intestinal juice. given in
ulceration of the stomach intestine
and in digestive troubles-it
prob acts as a moderate astringent
and by its mechanical  
presence.
Tannate of Bi.
This is used in many enemata
in powders. Usefull in decanter

Hg made usual from the seprerate
metal. Mettalic this is so
used in the fluids of the body 
and may be given in large
doses on an active cathartic
Not to be given in this way
Hg concreurm 5 parts of Ag +
3 parts of chalk
This is given where the continuous 
effect of mettalic Hg
is wanted, dose 2-5 gms
Mercurial plaster Hg + oilve oil +
resin. [cross out]
Mercurial oint 24 parts & 2 (of suitg
cord). This in a resonably active
way of giving Hg.
Mercurial pill Hg 3 part & confec
of dose 5 or 6 parts & a certain amt of
Acorice
Given for contained uses where
a systemic effect is desired. 2 dse
grm. And in every dose where
a cathartic
Plaster of amoniac amtt g

Yellow sulphate of Hg dose 2-3d grm
Vermillion
Oxide of Nitrate of Hg-sometime
called citrate ctim ointment
Beniodide & [cross out] sulphide, White ppt 
all varieties of Hg.
Silver. is used almost entirely
in the form of nitrate, occur-
large plater. kept in the form of
sticks or plates used mixed 
with Ag Cl. making luna
Caustic white solid must be 
kept from the light.
It destroy the skin superficial
if coagulates the products of its
decomposition. When it was
more used than at present
it was apt to stain the tissue
or the conjuncture in conjunctivitis
Zn, given as an emetic
as the Sulphide is in daily use 
Oxide used on an [illegible] dressing 
for ulcers-
Or given as arscenic acid

Can in the form of the Sulphate or 
an emetic
Q
Antimony 190
Sulphurete of antimony "
Sulphuretted 191
Plummer pill 109 4 [cross out]
Oxide of antimony 186
James powders 1186
Tarter Emetic 183
Emplastium antimonic 528
Vinum antimonic 1522
Misture Compemda licoricae 925
Syrop of squill 1901
Bi
Sub carbonate of Bi 288
" Nitrate " 292
Tannate of Bi 293
Hg 735
Concretum Hg 742
Mercurial pill
Plaster of antimony and Hg
Yellow sulphate of Hg 733
Vermillim 734

Oint of nitrate of Hg
Benzodide and Br sulphide of Hg
Ag Nitrate
Z-
Z- sulphate
Cu
Cu S4

Materia Med Jan 5 1882
Prescrip are usualy written in Latin
In using the Metric system the
Roman or Arabic numerals are 
used
Prescrip consists of two independent
sentences. let that of which
Recipe in the predecent drugs to be
taken in the pred
2 that of which Sugar is the 
predicate
Acrid all aberrations
Cleanse of construction
Every drug should have a line and
no more
It is a good idea to give the name
of the patient
It should sometime be written under
the 2 gnd. especx when two or more
Prescrip are going to the same house
Age of the patients partic when children
should be set down
Name of the prescutor should be
put in the [cross out] presciption

Then the dose is of great size
something should be used to indicate
that it is not a mistake and
that has attracted the attention
of the [cross out] doctor In Germany
the ! is used here the word are
used but it is best & write out
the direction in full
Materia Medica, Jan 16, 1882.
[illustration] Rules for doses. They should
be proportioned to the wt of the patient
This is Clarks way. Another way is 
to divide the age of the patient by
12 plus the age of the patient
(age/age + 12) In very old persons so 
know to diminished.
Amt of the prescription so
should bear in mind the amt
of the ant in proportin to its dose
and the length of time it is to be 
taken Water Alcohol. fixed its glyc
syrup. These are the best & excipient
All of the decoc and infusion
will spoil in a warm room & in 
3 days to a week

Instances keep under. syrups also  
keep well - a month or so in warm 
weather
Materia Med Jan 26, 1882
Starch this is found in almost
all plants, in a partialy easy 
product and is used in a pot
for the plant and its progeny
Usual formed on the pitch and
is found in tubers and seeds
In the fruits in the process of
ripening it dissapates.
As long as starch is pure and
good there seems to be very little
little difference of what nature it is
Potato are large oval granuler and
the small ones not more than 
one fifth and very few intermedi
forms. Their size is 1/500 of an inch
in all well organized grain you
have a black spot in each and
Rice. starch angular.
Starch is very slightly sol in cold
H2O. in fact it is a question

wheather they are affec at all  
it in partialy sal in boiling H2O
bursting at 280 deg.
[cross out] Amylum or starch
several compounds of starch are
used in med. and pharmacy
Glyceritum amigli. 1 part starch
8 of glyc. used dil for eye wash
and used to hold ether sol
Iodids of starch. is a mix of
starch and I the I being in small
amt
Good as an antidote in cases
of I poisoning. Arrow root. this is
quite an important prep used
to be used quite extensively
on a food for chil cancer
from a root grain in trop
countries. Corse grain powder 
squeaking seen between the fin
Common starch another variety
of arrow root
This root is used in trachea
of Ipecehcach

Gume 2 var. 1 called arabin 
Sol in H2O & vasolin
Icacia reid is one of the more 
hilrye found in Trop countries
this exudes are fewer and less
and is plucked in this form
Tacking gum then is the best
called cordifan
Gum Arabic is Composed of arabic & calcium & 
magnesium- Arabic acid readily obtained from 
Gum Arabic-The former Arabic is used
in trochers and pills-but always mixed with
Glycerine and water owing to its hardness. Mucilage
used as a vehicle-
Frapeau-from the seed in the wild of Europe 
and Asia-A fam

24 Sol	Page	Dose 
Antimony 190 gm
Piluae amtimonii compositae or Plummers
pill=Sb.S+ H5Cl+ Guiac + molasses 1094 1-22Pill
Pulvis antimonalis or guiac powder .2-1.
= Oxide of An. + Phosphate of Wine 1186 [cross out]
Antimonii et potassi tartar or tartar emetic
=SbO. + B. tartrate of K + H2O. (H2O). 183 106-.03
Syrupus scillae compositus= Tartar emetic + squill
+ seneka + Sugar + dilute alcohol 1401 [cross out] .6-2.
Mistura glycyerhi 2 ae composita. compound
mixture of licorice = Licorice + sugar. + acacia +
camphorated tinct opium + venum antimonii + Spr of
nitrous ether + H2O 925 16.
Bismuth 294
Bismuthi subcarbonac = Bi + HN0 + NH3HO +
NaCo3 + H2O (HNO3) 288 .6-4.
Bismuth tannac = BiNO3 + HNW3 + NaHo + tannic 
(HNO3)
Hgdraygyri Piluae = Hg 384gr + confec of roses 
576 gr licorice root 192 gr make 384 pills.
1199 .2-.4
Hgdrargyrum cum creta [cross out] = Hg + chalk
rub until globules [cross out] cease to be visable
742 0.2-.6

Sal Page dose 
Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum, or vermilion
= Hg + Smeted Sal in Aqua regia. used
as a fumigant and disinfectant 734
Hg2Cl = Hg + HS04 + NaCl [cross out] Sol-
2 part boiling 16 of cold H20 719 .004
Hg2Cl2 Hydrargyri cl mite = Hg + HgCO4
+ NuCl Sal in the mineral acid. [cross out].
usual given in a syrup or in wafers. 722. .06-.1
Hydrargryri rodidum rubium Hg2Cl + IK +
H2O. Sol in Hot alchol in a bit 
powder. 720 .004
This Cotten is called the Bimiodide & Hg
Hg iodidum vende = Hg + I + stronger alcohol
insol in water and alcohol 730 .05-.06
Hg sulphur & lava = Hg + H2SO4 > 33/550 1-2
Zinc 
Zinici sulphur = Zn + ZnCO3 + Cl + H2SO4 +
H2O. Sol in a large excess of H2O 1547.
As an emetic it is given dissolved in tepid
H2O in a dose of .6-4.
Regular dose for continued treatment .06-.1
in pill form
Cu
Cupri sulphas = Sulphide oxidized in the
sulphate Sol in H2O 482

As an emetic dose is .1-.6 mixed with pul 
sugar; Continued treatment is free form .01-.1
Amylum 10 of 3 to 1 of 1 171
Iodidum amyli 10 of 3 to 1 of 9 776
Glyceutum amyli 1 of 3 to 8 of 9 686
Tragacantha secretion from the tree astragalus 
verus. formed in trunk 1 wide and 4 or 5 inches
long. of a white color 1465
Acacia 3
Ipecacuanhu. opium. 4 grm 60 gr each. KSO4 [cross out] gum. 32
rub together into fine powder = Comp Ipecacpau 1188. (1.)
Pulvis glycynhiza compositus.=
Powdered senna. powdered. licorice coat. each 60 gram
Refined sugar 180 grm. make powder 1188 (3.)
Pulvis jalapae compositus. = Jalap in
powder 30 grm. bitart of potassum 60 grm. 1189 (1.)
Pulvis opii compositur = 1 1/2 oz. of opium, black pepper
2 oz. of ginger 5 oz. [cross out] caraway & first 6 oz. tragacanth 1/2 oz 1190 (.2)
Pulvis rhei compositur = R Rhubarb 4 oz. Mg 12 oz.
gange 2oz. 1190 (2.)

 

Materia Med. Feb 2 1882 
Licorrice. Manna. Glyceryzin in the sugar
which is the important portion of the licorrice
Stick licorrice this is make by boiling
the root down to a thick syrup and
filtering and [cross out] cooling into 
stick. the syrup of lic is very useful
as a [cross out] vehicle: as in the powder
Manna comes from the trunk of an
ash tree grown from in [cross out]
and earthern [cross out]
Cellulose is used in med in the form
of [cross out] gun cotton. this is heavier and darker
than normal cotton. it will dissolve
Ether and alcohol forming colloidian
Used to cover little cuts and so forth
Also used in holding wounds together
As it gives it contracks strongly
Wood exposed to a hight temp it decomposes
into [illegible]. sub one of the most
usefull in tar. pearl in odor. a cool
reac. sol in ether alcohol or chloroform
usualy gives a form of an infusion
made by maserating 1 of ten in 4 of
water stram

Glyc of tar, oint of tar 
Infusion or given internaly as
may the glyc but not as much
Oil of cade. another form used
by dermatologists. supp to be made 
from cedar.
This looks like tar and its
prop but the odor is more aggreable.
Creosote made by disstil of
tar, and sep by alk. in of a yellowish
or reddish color which it got
upon standing. Sal in 80 parts of
H2O. Sal in ether alchol
good anticeptic, used like
Carbolic acid. Made as a water
and as an ointment
1 to 80 in the lowest amt of Hcc  
which can be used
Charcoal. Cabo ligni. or tar
is made in this country in a 
very crude way. 
It is used as a deodorizer 
and is applied to sloughing sores
is given internaly or ceases

where diges. is poor and the 
food putrifies in the stomach
Parafinic made from wooden 
or coal tar; comp of several sol
Insol in H2O. slight so in alcohol
used as a mix in the powder
[cross out] cerates
Carbolic acid made in the 
chestnut dis of wood and
coal. rarely comes pure in
[crystal??????] at ordinary temp 
when pure crys are seperate and
distinct and of a white color
Melts comp at 90 deg. absorbs
H2O on exp to atmosphere.
[cross out]
Glycerate. 1-4. Suppose
Oint. Sol or water. These are
the forms which are used
Salycilic acid is made from 
Carbolic acid, and is much 
cheaper than the old form which
was made from winter green
Cosmoline vaseline

Page 
Liquorice = 5.8.0.
Collodium 443
Tar 1109
Oint of tar 1493
Glycerite of tar 687
Charcoal 349
Creasote 471
Carbolic acid 31
[cross out] Salicylic acid 73

Materia Medica Feb 9. 1882  
[cross out] Salicylic acid given [illegible] and
in cases of rheumatism given in powde and
in solution. dec 25th 1 grm. taken
in powders with a little something to
disguise its taste. When given in H2O
you should give it in an little
water. salicylate of NA is a little
more oil than the common variety 
Carbolic C6H6O. Usually comes in
liquid form. when pure it crystalizes
in the form of pure salt. salt [illegible]
crystals which melt at 90 deg. when
mixed with glycerine in water it
is much more convenient
A teaspoonful to 1/2 pint or a good
proportion. 1-20 in to strongest that
can be made. 1-4 5 or 6oz in olio 
as strong or need in an grs cl.
In oint 1-16 in night.
Petroleum in the crude state has
been used externaly and inter
but 2 not of much use
Cosmoline & vasoline. Cosmoline
in the sol left on the sill

after the distill of the more sol 
sub. Ergoline is a sol which
comes off during the first portion
of the distillation is used as a 
means of local anethesia
Northern Lengene. vaseline are the
sol which come over after ergoline
Next come the parafines which are
waxy solids insol in H20 and
sol in Hot alcohol
If the distill is not carried far
enough to carry over the parafine
you get a dark sub with a
tiny odour. and when this is
passed through animal 
charcoal and you get the 
clear cosmoline and vasoline
The charcoal is heated just
enough to cause the oils to come
come through in a liquid state
Cosmolines never crystalize
and have this advantage over
parafine 
All these sal never became carried
and are those better than the animal

fats. and they do not decompose 
the drugs with which they are
mixed
Sub-made by fermentation
1st alcohol = wines beers etc they all
depend upon the fermentation of
sugar. in presence of a little albuminous
sal. [cross out] with the presence of heat
There are also a certain number
of subtle odours sal called ether
which give a certain flavor to the 
liquors.
One medicine is made from malt 
extracts. not officinal = malt [cross out]
treated with H2O to remove all
sugar. and then evaporated in
a syrupy consistency contain grape
sugar dissolved in H2O and a little
amt of diastase not very valuable
Other products made from malt
are the beers. [cross out] as wheat 4-5. 
Ales-6-8. porter and stout 6-8.
[cross out] porter and ale clored by addit
of caramel

Wines are made from such  
fruits as do not need the 
addition of yeast but have
a [illegible] in which the sugar
fungus takes root
Wet and dry refer to amt
of sugar. White and red refer
to the color of the fruit
Sparkling wines are those [cross out]
bottled before fermentation stops 
and so you get a little CO2
Officinal wine are port and sherry
Port is a red wine with a large amt
of tannin and comes from Portugal
89 & ought to have 20 or 22%
Sherry wine is lighter and does
not contain so much tannin
Usual has from 16-20%
Rome wines are prob more pure as
are the lighter French and German 
wines generaly. They usual 
have a good deal of free
[cross out] Br tartrate of K.
Alcohol distilled from wine
make brandy

That distilled from grain [illegible] 
as [cross out] Whiskey, Molasses makes
rum
3 grades of alcohol on the Pharstinger
alcohol=82%.
Proof spirit=92% of alcohol
ordinar alcohol=82%
Proof spirit=50% of alcohol
Alcohol is used in the fluid extract 
tinctures resins and others
From this comes ether by distilling
alcohol with H2HO4 that which comes
over between given temperature. it
is a clear volatile inflam sil
sol in H2O or proper of 1-14. or
if a little alcohol is added it
in more sol
Mixes with alcohol sol to any
extent fats volatile oils are all
sol in it as are the greater part
of the alkcloride
[cross out] 
Used for complete and local
anethesia but for the case is
not good. Internaly dose is 
a tea to a tablespoonfull

best was in to enclose in a cup 
sale. By the rectum there is good
for colic. should be mixed with
starch or some sach sub
Prep are the compound spirit of
ether. and spirit of nitrous ether
Subjects for [cross out] recitation
Maranta 8.9.9
Acacia Leg. 3
Tragicantha Leg 1465
Glycyrrhiza Leg 688
Manna Oleaceae 897
Saccharum lactis (Sol in H20) 1246
Collodium (cross out) 443 .05-.1
Creosotum (Sol in H2O Ether, alcohol) 471 .15-.1
Acidum carbolicum " 31
Cosmoline (Sal in sol and fixed oils) 1058
Paraffinum " 1057
Whiskey 122, 1345
Wine 1521
Rum 122
Brandy 122, 1350
Beer 7, 618
Alcohol 121

Amyl Nitrac (Sal in rect Spirit) 168 .1-.3 
Ether 105
Spiritus aetherius compositus 1338 .2-.4
1. Nitrici aetherius 1339 1-2
Iodoformum Sal in (C2H8O) 780 .06-.2
Chloroformum 401 1-4 sub cut
Chloralam hydratum 393 .6-2.
Also read up the proofs gums and starches
LLLL 4
Materia [cross out] Medica
Feb 16. 1882 Recitation
Best tragicantha is called fluke tragicanth
Subjects for recitation Mar 9.1882
Oleum aetherium 977
Spiritus aetherius compositus. ( ) 1338 2.-4.(3)
" " Nitrioci 1339 1. 2.(1)
Linimentum chloroformi 828
Mistura " 922 16. 32. (20)
Spiritus " 1344 1.-4. (2)
Amyl nitrici 168 .1-.3 (2) 
Buchu Lutaceae 305 4-16. (10) 
Oleum menthae pepeutae 998 .06-.2 (.1)
Spiritus " " 1348 .3-1. (.5)
Aqua " " 218 16. (16)
Oleum amnamonic 990 .06-.1 (.1) 

Matera Medica Feb 23. 1882
Internal use of Chloroform
It is used as a solvent for may sol
only one officinal. Chloroform guttae pertchae
Drop on a lump as sugar is a good way
to take it dose 10 drops
It also comes in capsules of gelatine 
Extemporary it may be mixed with
any of the viscid fluids. There is
a dilute sol of chloroform in H2O
1-1000.
Ether is used in various forms [cross out]
Nitrite of amyl in another prep of the
dose usual given by inhalation and
it causes flushing of face and rapid
breathing. and causes a elevation 
of [??striped] muscules. After
3 inhalations are enough to start
with. It is a good plan to tell
the patient what the effect of the
med will be. given internaly-
doses of 3 drops
Chlorine in presence of the air in
slightly delinquent

It is given dose in H2O or which it is a sol
to any extent frequently given in syrup
Has a flavor like rancid english 
walnuts should be largely diluted
with H2O given subcut but then is 
painfull. best way is to give it
internaly dose is 1 grm gt is somewhat
dangerous. medicine and
should alway administered with
caution. Good way to give this is to 
put each [cross out] dose in a seperate
bottle and sealed up and thus it
keeps good [cross out]
Iodiformum most of H2O sol in Ether
alcohol chloriform. Used externaly as
a stimulating oint. and also given
internaly it is unirritating. best given
in the form of a pill.
Dose for internal admin in a diagram
Essential and volatile acids
champhors resins, gum resins
amd balsims

Essential oils are usual already formed  
vegetable products and are insol
in the process of plant, and occur
as separate and distinct masses
[illustration] Appearance of ginger under 
the microscope showing
the starch granular and
in every few cells we see the refractive
manner of the essential oil
Long [illegible] show the 
cells of sweet flag and
here the oil globules are
found at the junction of several 
cells
[illustrations] Charring the pouder  
of oil globules in the 
sage.
In some plants the cells of
essential oils are in a [illegible] with
a long [illegible]  
In [cross out] Birches and orange [cross out]
leaves you sees the cells of
the essential oil with the naked 
eye

Cell on the outer rind of orange
[illustration] appearing on the outer
[illustration] layer of the rind the
[illustration] inner cut thirds 
being of fine connective 
tissue
[illustration] cut through a piece of
pine wood. showing oil 
cells. In the parsnip fruit the
oil cells are found.
[illustration] Cut showing the latter
In some of the fruits the oils are
found in the form of emlulsions 
Such as gamboge [cross out] tree.
Prop of these oils. These are not
usualy found single but you [cross out]
have several mixed varying 
only in their densities and
boiling point and these varieties
with polarized light

This is the case with the oil 
of turpentine and are seperated
by carefull fractional distillates
Then again they are associated
with oxigenated oils. These are
seperated by the action of deoxidating 
agents. The are thought 
to be formed by decom of essential 
oils-resins are associated
with these due to above mentioned 
degen.
Essential oils are pure white motile
oils and the longer they have
been distilled the darker they 
are.
Some oils have a greenish
hue when first distilled such
as oil of cammomile
In some cases they are of a
bright blue color. These [illegible]
by firmly umbillicae
Sp gr raises from 900 to 1050 more
than 9/10 are below the density of
H2O

When oils are of diff density in
the same plant the best odor
in [illegible] from the lighter
All of the oils are sal in H2O
to extent of 1/1000. All sol in Ether
alcohol and chloroform. They 
can be distilled and restilled
without change.
They are usualy seperated from
the drugs containing then the by distillation.-
In orange peel by pressing
the rind upon sponge. In the
the prep of perfumes they are obtained
by packing in fat.
The oils preparred by pressure are
above the most fragrant
Orange family oils are found
Citris aurantium = oil of orange peel
rind. essential oil for leaf used
in perfumes. an oil prepared from 
the flower
Lemon is the same for yields 
the same.
Bergamot = oil from rind
Citron also gives an oil

Mint family gives an series of 
volatile oils. Lavender. peppermint
spearmint, rosmary sage, are
on this list
Bucher pilocarpus,
Umbrillafarae = caraway, anois
coriander 5 NO
Subjects for rec. Mu 7. 82.
cinnamon 431
Laniace [cross out] 1441 
Tintura cinnamoni (4.) 
Aqua Labiatae 217
Lavender " 134 7 (.3)
Spiritus Lavandulae 1347 (3.)
" " Comp 1347 (3.)
Thymol Laniaceae
camphor lamel 1023 (.2)
Spirtus camphorae 1344 (1.)
Agua camphorae 214 (16.)
Linamentum " 827
" saponis 830 
Opium 1030
Tinctura opii camphorata 1454 (.5)
Cabeba 477
Oleoresina cubebae [cross out] 975 (1.)
Tincturae cubebae 1442 (4.)
[cross out] Copaiba Leg 459 (.5)
Copabic acid 460 5
Oleum Copaibae 991 (.5)

Materia Medica Mar 2. 1882 
Camphor is an oil solid at the ordinary 
temperature of the body. another is tymol 
and methol is another these melt readily 
and then have the appearance of the ordinary
essential oils. Steauptine is the name applied 
to these. They are associated with a hydro
carbon and have the formular of the 
hydrocarbon. These have great anticeptic 
prop. They are sal in low parts of H2O 
Sal in all prop of alcohol-
1-1000 is right for an anticeptic 
Resins are decomposed of essential 
oils and are very abundant. [cross out]
They are insol 
in H2O. has an odor of the oil usualy
are transparent. may be amorp or crystalline.
Sol in either alcohol and ether
some are sol in one of these and some in 
both. [cross out] Some are sol
in alk forming soapes.
Gum resin = small sol of vol oil
large amt in resin. usualy more of
one half and they also have a gum

sol in H2O. When found in the plants
they are in the form of an emulsion
usualy white or yellow color.
The resin is not solution but in 
a state of fine solution in the fluide
of the plant
Balsams there may then beyond
or solid. all have essential oil and
a complicated cut of resin sal come
by of crystiline and camphore. sal
many which in benzoic [cross out] acid
Myrtile family gives oil of [illegible]. 
has a green color. this is 
quite distinctive Eucalyptus globulus
[cross out] This is an Australian
tree and gives two kinds of
essential oils. and the lighter of
these is a pure hydrocarbon
Leaves have a cured edge resem
a cythe, [cross out]
[cross out] Mycer acris give the
oil of bay and you also get the 
pure bay resin

Cloves. these are turgid flower buds
and are native or are found in southern
Asia Brazil found of size of 
an ordinary pear tree
The tree is beaten and these little 
buds drop of and are gathered
and dried and sent into comerce.
On section the great size of 
the oil cavity is remarkable and this 
has the largest % of oil of any crude
drug in the world. It gives a
pure colorless oil heavier than
[cross out] water and upon distill it
gives vegemic oil.
Allspice or pimentia this is a
West Indian drug given an oil 
called oil of allspice and is a little
colored. This finishes the myrtle 
family. 
Nutmeg tree. this is a family 
by its self. Native of India
has a fleshy anterior layer out
of which drops the nutmeg of comerce

The [cross out] seed of the fruit produce 
mace. This mace producing matter 
surrounds the seed or nutmeg
and comes out with the nut
and is separated afterward
Oil of nutmeg is obtained by pressure
and has a large amt of solid
fat, composed of palatine and
other fats.
It also has an essential oil
which has the characteristic odor
This solid fat is known as oil of
mace. though mace has some of it
Laurel = [cross out] acacia champhor.
sasafrass. cinnamon.
Camphor is prepared by putting
pieces of the wood in a sill and
steaming and the camphor comes 
out in little drops. at this time 
an oil also exude called the
oil of champhor. it is an essential
oil 
Cinnamon bark of cinnamomum  
cilaricum. commences from 

Ceylon, There is a Tree growing
in the south of Asia which is
not cinnamon and is curled or
follows and is thick. [illustration] 
True cinnamon is thin and curled
not both under and is composed 
of various layers. [illustration] it is an almost
solid stick
Sasafrass. this is found above the
northern and middle state and
northern. The bark of the wood is
the part used
Essential oil come from [illegible] of 
the whole tree.
Pepper family. Peper and cubebs
one most import, Both are the 
fruits of the plant and are pure 
green because then have more
oil and resin. pepper is black
color. Cubeb are of same size and
have a long stem and this
long stem assists in recognition 
of the fruit.
The stem is a prolongation of the 

cells. White pepper is got from
the same plant and same
from the ripe fruit and the 
center layer are removed and
the center is used. Where as 
the black pepper in got from
green fruit. now the other part 
of the fruit has the sharp stringy 
resin, and hence characteristics
of black pepper. the middle from
the fragrant hence the more
aggreable taste and odor and
of white pepper
Ginger family = ginger curcumin 
cardamom, grains of powders, galina
In ginger and curcumin the
resine is taken.
Vale as med is due to essential
oils and resins. oil is a simple
hydrocarbon. resin is very composited.
Sweet flag. has essential oil 
and resin. or resembles the ginger
family. 

Pine family = turpentine which
gives oil of turpentine and rosent 
Can turpentine, Burgundy pitch
Oils of jupiter and cider. oils of
cade and tar. These two arter
are get by distillation
Oils have several sub resins are 
rather complicated 
White sandal wood = oil of sandal
wood. 
[cross out] Cyean turpentine
Busticara lenticurs
[cross out]
Copabia formed in a South American
tree found in countries in the trunk
resin in the most important part
and is much more agreable than
the oil itself
Copabi acid is amphis and came
from the resin there is also a crystaline
Balsam of tolu. and peru 
Balsam of tolu got by heat and 

The perm also comes out with  
this and is separated by disc.
Benzoin similar. wood is tolu and
perm. and furnishes Langeric acid
2/2/9
23 5/9
115
118
3

Materia Medica Mar. 16. 1882 
Tannic acid group. This 
corresponds to the vegetable astringents
All veg astringent are then astringent
prop to come for of tannic acid or decomp.
and all the tannic acids
are astringents
Leps and smyrna smyrna galls
These trees resemble the scrub
oak of this country and grows along
the eastern ends of Med sea
and the gall is drawn out by the 
irritation caused by the sting of a fly
who makes a wound in limb and
deposits her egg. this cause an irritation
and you get a hary nodulated
growth covered with bark and as
it ripening the maggot ate out
and eases an opening
Other oak are troubled by these in similar
insects even in our own forests
[cross out] 
When their gall is compl formed
you have a little glove of a dull

greenish color. In the best
galls you see no hole. in 
the older ones you see the 
hold Taste is strongly astringent
and puckering and sweetishy
Alepo galls are the best. other
are lighter in color and have
a large hole
Blue galls have twice the amt
of tannic acid 80%
Also have some gallic acid
abt 3%. You also sometimes
get long narrow galls of the
same structure
Janponica and true Chinese
galls are caused by a different
insect and in a different
tree. They have all the same 
prp of tannic acid and gallic 
acid as the blue gall
but there are not efficient
Gallic and tannic acid 
ointment of gall tincture
of gall. These two cartarise

seldom used 
Tannic in the broadest sense
it relives a grasp of sal which
have abt the same prop. they
are all acid in sal from inks with
salts of iron. ppt gilden and albumen,
and are oil astringents
They are supposed to be a decom 
product [cross out] of essential veg sub
Galls tannic acid blue black
with salts of iron.
Prob every plant has some
peculiarity on the tannic acid which
it produces
Galls tannic acid is the one
commonly used and is made
by depositing the powdered galls
with very little H2O or exposing to the 
dew on a dam night and then
moistened with ether and stand
4 hours and expressed - again-
moistened and exposed and the 
two fluids distilled
Prob it is never pure.

is never pure or crystalline 
It is of a buff color sal is
ether in which H-c has been added
It ppt all alklies most not
salts. Slightly decom by ht
and yet pryre gallic acid
and mets collic acid or left
Glycente of tannic 1 of tannic &
2 of gly supposition. torches
and ointment. When it
it is given it is not worth while
to give it with any other sal. 
as it will prob ppt it.
Gallic acid galls mac with
H2O of mouth. liquid thins any
and they are boiled with hot
H20 and distilled. Then is abt
in the form of crystals. [cross out]
In an alcohol ether
Only offic prep is the glyc and
oint
For local application is best 
For maternal gallic acid
because tannin is decomp into

then in stomach dose -.2-1. gm 
catataput and creminic [cross out]
kino, catachu, gummuim, rubris
spirea, pomgrente, red rose, hoemic
tuloline.
Materia Med. Mar 23. 1882.
Bitter tonic. No medicine or nearly none
have only one action but have more than
one [cross out] Drugs have
an action of their own.
Bitter tonics are widely distrib through
out the vegetable kingdom. they
are not numerating and are
followed by increased appetite. They
are disordered into mineral and vegetable. 
Vegetable act through the
stomach. Bitterness exists in all
parts of the stomach drug.
Nux vomica's active principles are- strychnia 
and buscia. [cross out]
In many cases the latter principles
have never been extracted as such
most of them are soluable in H20
and in the fluids of the mouth

Gentian family a particularly bitter 
This family [cross out] in [cross out] poisonous there
are no alkeloids in [cross out] these and
the bitter principles are neutral. 
Cinchona. have a bitterness tast
alkeloids quinic oil
Magnolia have bitter principals
Dog wood and burberry family
all have active bitter principals
(Barbarima an active principle of bitter)
All these increase digestion and
promote assimilation and to 
increase the appetite
If these resultsare not obtained
stop them- they are given before
eating, if it is dose before eating
take it after
All bitter tonics are sol in H2O
on at least to a certain extent,
Gentian is most violent of all
the bitter tonics- except prehaps the 
alkeloids, Have a milky juice
bitter are all herbs no shoots on
trees. The roots are very fleshy

and devoid of woody tissue found 
in Europe and america, they are
4-5 feet high. root one or two
feet long. the root is the important 
part. It grows on the high
lands. not on our lands once
marshy districts came far from 
Switzerland and Spain [cross out]
Genteana leutea. this is the principal
kind and is the officinal
American gentian has small fibrous
Gentin pieum is the active and
peculia principal of the gentian powder
It is a glucoside.
It should never be given with a
free mineral oxalic as the tanic effect
is destroyed. There is no tannic in that
drug: Should not be given with the
tincture of chloride of iron
May give one before and the other after
meals.
[cross out] Sabacia. quascia. part used in the 
wood. and a yellowish color

It has no tannic acid
Columbia order many [illegible]
Columbic [cross out] is one of the acetic 
principals. columbic acid. terelyn
[cross out] These enable the
important. gold thread is at
common domestic bitter cinic
Commonule is also one of the 
important bitter tonics
Magnolid [cross out] 
is used as tonic. (active prin = magnolium)
Leucodendron = (Leucodendini.)
[cross out]
Galls.
[cross out]
799
[cross out]
Geranium
[cross out]
Rubris
Gentian
[cross out]

Sub for recitation Mar 28 
N.O 6 Page Dose in gm
Galls. [cross out] 667 
Tannic Acid Cupuliferol 86 5
Gallic " 45 1.
Catechu Leg- 370 [cross out]
Tinct of " 1439 4.
Kino Leguminosia 799 [cross out] 1.
Tinct " 1449 6.
Kramenia Polygtolaceal 800 .5
Tinct " 1450 6.
Geranium Geraniaceae 679 2.
Spiraea Roeaceae 1337 .3
tld ex 
Rubris " 1235
[cross out]
Gentian Gentianaceae 677 1.
tld ex
Ex " 579 .3
Tinct " 1446 6.
Colombo 326 1
Tinct " 1436 6.
tl Ex 597 4.
Quassia Simarubaceae 1194 1.
Ext " 590 .2
Tinct " 1456 4.
Chammomile Anthemideae 470 .3
Anthemic " 181 .3
Oil 984 

Infusa catechu 763 50.  
" comp 763 [cross out]
Anthemedic infusa 760 64.
Infusa. columabae 761 64.
" gentianae 765 32.
" quassiae 768 64.
Suppositories of tannic acid 1382
Syrupm rubi 1400 6.
" [cross out] kramerial 1395 3.
T Acid extract of blackberry 609 6.
" Calumbo 597 4.
" gentian 683 2.
" geranium 604 4.
" rhotany 686 2.
Glycerinum gallici 685
" tannici 686 2.
Trocher of catechu 1474
" tannic acid 1473
Unguenta " 1483
Unguentum gallae 1486

Astringents all you need rember one 9. in number 
Galls
Catechu Butter tinct are 3. import
Kino Columbo amt nex
Kramina Qussia
Geranium [cross out]
[cross out] gallic & tannic acid Gentian
Rubus 
Haematoxalyne
Spirea
Tannic acid is sol in 6
parts of glycerine
Tannic acid should not be
prescribed with any other active [cross out]
chemical principal 
Nearly all the astringents come under
this head.
De gallic acid is the latest chemical
name for [cross out] tannic acid
Usual strength of ointments
is one to sixteen. (1-16)
Neither tannic or gallic acid should
be given with the salts of iron

Gallic acid does not ppt the alkaloids 
Tannic does
Tannic given into with ac and are
salts of iton
Gallic with forms mix with one
not with ic
Materia Med. Apr 13, 82
Alkeloids
These one of varying comp
and prop. Taste and solubility
But they are alk in sol. unite
with acids to form salts sol in
alcohol and ether insol in H2O
apt to be crystalline and a 
pretty def chem comp.
They were discovered in
1616 by a Dutch apothecary
They are found in both
hemispheres and as a rule in warm
regions.
As a rule the classes of
drugs have alkeloids of a more
or less similar character

There is no part of the plant which 
may be said to yield the alkeloid
exclusively but some parts are
more adapted for allarming it
In the [cross out] cinchonas may be
said to come from the bark.
Nux vomica comes from the seed
of a plant
Pilocarpin comes from the 
leaves and in all plants the
alk are prop in solution in the 
Juice of the plant
In the case of the poppy the juice
is taken and dried and you get
opium. As a rule the older the 
plant the more the quant of the
Alkeloid. Beyond a certain age
however the diminish.
In temp parts of plants (leaves)
it is greatest at maturity
thin in time of fruit. but it should
be taken just before it ripens 
and after it has attained
its full size

They seem to degenerative products
of the plant. mute products
so to speak
They have no particular
oder as a rule
The effect of cultivation on the 
alk varies particulary opiums and
cinchona. These are much [cross out]
increased greatly by cultivation
Some of these are very perishabe where  
are very liable to decomp-
but as a rule they may be said
to be permanent
They are usualy combined with 
some vegetable acid forming a salt 
Morphic with mecomic acid
quinca with a tannic acid
Rarely they are free as narcotics
Nux vomica contain strychnia an brucine
They are extracted by replacing the
natural acid by a mineral acid
is then currently H2SO4 is used
it in when extracted by maceration
of percolation. this sub is neat

by a mineral [cross out] alkelie 
and is then purified in various
ways-
Some are sol in water then the
process of acidulation cct is not 
needed. Some are sol in C4H2O
All the alkeloids have two 
terminations inc. ia Americans
use the termination ia Morphia
They all have carbon hydrogen
nitrogen oxygen C.H.N2O.
Coelia may be made artificialy 
a may others by the decomp of some
of the unnatural alkeloids
In general they are solids They
may be crystalline or amorphous.
white or colored usualy they are
usualy more or less colored
Rarely they are liquid only 4 or 5
of these are from these one all
soluble (fluid) There also usualy have
some solid salts
In color they should be white
when not so here purity is

doubtfull all sol in alcohol  
most of them are sol in ether or
chloroform. usualy most in H2O
[cross out] But are a little more
sol in acid sol. There propotions 
vary [cross out] in plants from 1/1000-1/10
Administration
The permanent ones may
be given in powder. a pill
form ground up with ease in 
of milk [cross out] in some case they
may be made with pill as is 
the case with quinnia
If sol in water may be given
then. or if so in acid sol
may be given in this manner
(in sol)
Read up. Nux vomica, strychnia
Brucia, iguatia gelsem [cross out] gelsemium

Materia Medica April.20. 1882 
[cross out] Poppy family. they have
large cherry flower and secrete a
milky fluid. The fruit is in a capsule
and has numerious small seed and
on bruising yield a nauseous and
dull oder. The juice is sometimes irritating
to the skin. The plants are not
tropical as a rule. but is found
in temperate regions
The leaves do not appear as curly as the 
blossoms. The leaves are wider than long
and have one or two lobes on the sides.
Sanguinarina in the alk of blood cort
or sanguinarina. This contains several
coloring matter dose of drug 1-4 gram
Tincture=1-8. dose of = 60-80 drops.
Neither are much used.
Syrup of sanguinaria dose 2-8 gram
This is neither usefull in cough mix
Poppy pareas an animal growing as a weed
in smaller than the regular poppy
has red petals from which is made 
a bright red tincture

Poppoa somnifera-or the opium poppy 
this the are cultivated in our gardens
There are thee kinds of them one
found along the Mediterranean and
two other kinds. Poppora albumn this
is found in England and is cultivated
in Persia and is used for production
of persian opium The capsules are used
as an article of med separate from
opium. Narcotine papaverine have been found
in the capsules of the white poppy.
Opium is the dried juice of these
plants and is obtained from the capsule
For the purpose of getting opium
the poppys are cultivated as hay
produced larger amts of the sub
It comes to in of a rather dark
color soft and comes mostly from 
Acid Munor-when the cultivation is extensive.
Sol in H2O the extent 51-55%
and yield 55 or 60% or mineral
matter as an ash.
Egyptian opium. brittle yellow flower 
Persian. in hard round balls.
European opium seldom found in East Indian

opium given by Chino and are used at home. 
Read up opium eau germania
Materia Med April 27. 1882
Turkey opium is the one used in the drugs
of medicine. and come from Asia Minor 
Opium has 18 alkeloids. Morphia cadina
Narcine. Narcotine. This the order of the 
from most important ones.
Morphia is found to the extent of 10%
in the Asia Opium 22% has been
found in French opium this is the highest on
record. Egyptian 4-8% Persian opium
4-8% from 10%. Chinese has 2-3% if
morphia. Morphia is sol in H2O and 
and produce large white crystalis. This may
given in sol. but the most common
was in a form of one of the salts. 9 times
out of 10. The sulphate are used.
Acetate. Meconote. hydoclorote. one three
other salts in common use.
There is an effund sol of morphia 
Liquor Morphiae sulphates
Codina is given in some causes 
Narcine is not in this and like codina
should be given in powder a full 

dose of morphia & 1 cent gram codina  
and Narcine 3-8 c gm
Tincture of opium (laudanum) 1-12
of dilute alcohol. dose 20-40 drops
for an adult. it uses 25 to 28 drops
to the gram and dose is from 6-8 gram
Drained tincture from the narcotine and 
some other dose sub removed. dose
15-20 drops 6-9 gram.
Camphorated tinct of opium dose 16 gram
Acetated tinct not much used
pill of opium 1-4 of drop dose in/gr
or one pill = 1 gram
Comp pill of opium 4-1
Ag extract of opium. dose is one 
half as great as that of opium .3 C gram
1 opium. 1 ipecacuhana + 8 pints of HgS
Tulligi powder is
Red comp dul camaici capsicum-
belladina hyacinaus stramonium dubrysin
tobaco
Dul comp = sugar and solanin and
dulcamain. Ex fld ex. decoction are
the prep. Capsicum. this has no alk as
do all the rest of the family. it is the
common red pepper

Belladonna this is a weed found in the 
southern part of Europe and America
varied parts in Germany Alk in
atrophide root and leaves are both
officinal. [cross out] Atrophia and
hyacyanine are the two alk atrophia
is given usualy on a sulphate
There is an green extract for leaves
and root and solid extract from
the root. hyocyanius niger. the alk
are the same as those well. but the 
amt. amt is reversed. this having less atrophia 
and for a 3d hyacine
Stramonium [cross out] 
All the group [cross out] have the same alk
for this active [cross out]
Tobaco
Tinct of hy fld ex of hy. fld x of
Bell ext
The four drugs marked are the ones
which have the same active principal

Subject for recitation May 4, 1882 
Page
Nux Vomica 960
Strychnia 1354
Brueia Loganiaceae 961 
Igasima 961
Ignatia 754
Gelsemium 674
Opium (Pepaver 1056) 1030
Sanguinania Papaveraceae 1253
Dulcamara 518
Capsicum Solanaceae 347
Belladonna 274
Hyoscyamia 747
Stramonium 1356
Duboisia 517
Tobacco 1404
Prep of opium 
Acet tincture of opium 1454 .5
Extract " 587 .03
Tincture " 1453 1.
Deodorized tinct " 1455 1.
Camphorated " 1454 1.
Opium pill 1118 .06
Compound evap pill 1110 1.3
" opium pill 

Tinct opii acetat 
Ex of opium
Tinct " 
Deodorized Tinct "
Camphorated " 
Opium pill
Compound "
Extract of belladonna for oils and leaves
Tincture "
Extract of hyoscyamus
Tincture "
Compound ipecac - powder 1.
Extract of belladonna 571 .01
" Fl. 597 [cross out] .3
Tincture " 1434 1.
Tincture of capsicum 1438 6.
Extract of hyoscyamus 583 .3
Fl " 605 .5
Tinct " 1448 4.
Extract of Nux Vomica 586 .1-.2
Fl "  
Tincture. " 1452 1.
Morphia sulpher 937 .01

Percolation. 593 
Repercolation 595.
Materia Med 82. May 11.
Cinchona (Rubiacae) This includes
some very usefull drugs of ipecacuhanah-coffee
and Cinchona are the 3 principal drugs-
Some alkeloids are also produced
It is confined to the Andes Mt in
So America. The tempratue of the region
is temperate and sometimes get freezing
and there is much sunshine 
and fog. They grow on the the
eastern slopes. The best kinds
grow abt. 6000 ft above the sea
They are either shrubs or trees and 
the trees are from 30-80 ft. They are
evergreen. leaves are opposite and
oblong and rather narrow
The genus has from 34-40 kinds
of [cross out] The cinchona these are becoming
more and more scarce.
The bark of the roots and of the whole
tree are good.
Flat and dull. bark. the flat bark

comes from the roots and large branches 
and trunk the quilled come from the 
small branches.
Color of it bark varies from a horn to a 
dark red = and it is very brittle
The efficient kind of bark and the 
yellow bark cinchona flava from cinchona
[cross out] This comes from the
southern districts. This is the best of 
the barks. And it has little depression
which we called digital depressions
Cinchona pallida this is entirely not
of the market. Cinchona ruba. these
are the thre kinds
1852 was then plant was introduced
into good: These barks have form alkeloids
quina & quinidia. cinchonia and cinchonidia
quina quinnidria. cinchonidia and cinchonia 
There are also two others out of any
great value. which has just been
discovered in Jaundice. [cross out] quinnic
and cincho [cross out] tannic acid are the 
are the acids with which these alk
in comp with

Materia Medica May. 18. 1882 
Cinchonidia yield crystallyzable salts 
when dried Quinia. Quinidia. Cinchonia
yield the same. All of these are
caprobe of decomp. with certain acid
yielding an other class of comp
[cross out] The effects of these
4 alk are abt the same. Qunia
is most import next quinidia. This
last has been change to be even
more active. The [cross out] cinchona
cinchinodia. The dose of these is
abt twice as large as that of
quinia. They are less soluabe then
quinia. Kinic acid is the acid
with which there are usual described.
The colony matter of the
bark in cinchona bark. tincture
Decretum Cinchonic floral comp tinct
(Qunia Decoct cinch. rubae-
infusion and comp. tincture) 1st list
are the import [cross out] compounds under
from the yellow bark. 2d from 
the red bark. The yellow is 

supposed to contain the most quinia. 
Extracts and Fld extracts of
cinchona. Sulphates of these comp
are used more in this country
Acetates and muriates are used
abroad.
When ordering a solution of these salts
add to the mixture a much dil
H2SO4 an you have grams of the 
cinchona. Thus if you order 4 grams
to 1 oz of fluid you would add to it
4 grams of H2SO4 this amt will
always dist the cinchona.
Citrate of iron and quinia. Pill
of quinia. valenate of quinia there 
are these soluabe officinal comp
of quinia.
Syrup of licorice root in a soluable vechicle
[cross out] to give quinia in
[cross out[ Ipecacuanha - this is a 
soluabe plant of this same order
[cross out] rubiaciae and they gum 
in clumps like hucelebery branches
The bark is rough and tough
and quite ridgely

There is one alkaloid is of a light  
brown color. forming salts with the
acids. Called Amicia
Wine. Syrup, fld Extract. powder
This bitter is the best for an emetic
Dose of powder 1 grm. fld ex. 1-1.5 grm
Syrup 30 grm as an expectorant 
syrup and wine 4 grm
Coffee. This is a tree found in
[cross out] Africa and East India- and
has been collected in Arabia
Mocha. Java. Rio This is the 
order of these berries in order of their value.
Caffaine is the alkeloid
Tea. active principle or caffeine
Paulinia sobulis
Erythoxylon [cross out] Crea. Flex [cross out]
Paraguay
Jaborandi alk-pils caipsin
Kino comp powder 1189
Comp uses pill 1097
Myrr 36. Carb of Nu. 18. FeSo4 18
Syrup a sufficient quantity

Materia Medica May 25 82 
[cross out]
Physostygma. Calabar bean. 
Lobelia The Seeds of thus are
very small. The plant grows
commonly in North America
Is not much used except as
an expectorant and no cough
mixtures. It is a very dangerous
drug as it may not cause
vomiting and etc as a person 
has no alk. urine is best prep.
Maculatum conium. leaves and 
fruit are used no good
Conia in the alk in a burnout liquid
Fld extract of the fruit is the only
thing worth using except the alk 
which is hard to get
Ergot. There is a fungus
growing on the head of

many grasses and is 
taken in a certain stage the
Chemical name is claviceps. 
Found around the seed
and orange. it is usualy taken
from rye. It has none of the 
rye in it but is a seperate
growth. it is propagated in two ways.
by budding and by true punctuation.
It sprots very quickly and
should not be used when over
a year old.
Extract of Ergot called ergotine
[cross out] These in ales an alk is ergotic
2d alk ergotamine. has been found
to found to have active principle.
2 Clerotic acid is obt from the
drug Tld Extact is the best prep
in the market at present.
Remite nature of Southern Europe
There are several kinds.
The roots looks much like horseradish
root. Active principle

or aconitia  
European yieled most aconitia. Japanese 
yield most [cross out] pressd aconitia. both 
yielding the two but in reverse proportion
Recitation [cross out] June 1st 1882
Cinchona 414
" rubae 415
" flora 414
" pallida 414
Rubiaceae
Quinia 424
Quinndia 424
Cinchonia 424
Cinchonidia 424
Tinct cinchonae. flavae 1440
Decoction " 498
Comp tinct "" 1440
Tinct " rubae
Comp " 
Decoction " 498
Extract of flld extract & rubae 575
" florae
Citrate of quinia 
" andxion 628
Pull " 1101
Valenate " 1212

Ipecacuannaha 783  
Alk. [cross out] Emetic 
Wine 1524
Syrup 1395
Fld extract 605
Powder 1187
Coffee 310
Tea 
Rubiaceae
Jaborandi Rubiaceae 1084
Alk pilocarpin 1084
Flex Aquifoliaceae 754 
Physostigma Leguminosae 1078
Alk Physostigmia
Ergot Fungi 441
Alk ergotine 543
Extract of Ergot 601
Powder 
Aconite Ranunculaceae 93 
Alk aconitia 98
Conia
Lobelia

Materia Medica May June 1.82. 
Recitation 
ꝶ Hydrarg. Biminidid gr 11/11 
Potass Iodid ʒ 1/vi
Syrup durantic 
Aquae āā ℥ 11/11
♏︎ 
ʒ 1/1 ʒ J.D.
ꝶ
Hydrargi Bineodidi gr iJ
Potassic Iodide ʒ iiss
Syrup durantin- ℥ iv
Signa one teaspoonfull in
water morning and evening
ꝶ Hyd-Ratiod grs XXX
Pulv opii 1. V
Ext gentian M
Signa one pill morning and 
evening after meals.

Materia. Med. June 8. 1882 
Veratrum viride This a native of
So America alk in veratria 
Veratrum album is another kind
The caustic are the same- but
their action is very diff. They both
are depressants and purgatives but
the album is much more active
Veridia ventidia vertiodia are the
the other alk.
[cross out] Colchicum the corn is the part
used. Cochichin is the alk.
Digitalis (fox glove) Biennial stem
comes the 2d year long narrow leaves
The leaf is used 
[illustration] and contain the active
principle. Alk is digitalis
digitaline in a glucoside. Tinct solid
& powder. fld & root are the 
parts used. Tincture is the best prep
Squill. This is the size of a 
large Bermuda onion and has the 
general appearance of the onion except
that the leaves are flat instead 
of round

When have a good deal of gum
in resin. Vinegar and syrup
of squill are two very fine prep
Sarsaparilla. It had a great up
at first as a cure for syphilis 
known on the green leaves and have
long roots. and are a little dark
[cross out] at the ends
than in the middle.
and are quite long 4-12 ft
Mealy and non mealy these
mearly indicate the amt of starch
Decoction. tinct. camp syrup. this
last is good for a flavoring mix
White sandal wood produces oil
of sandal wood.
Cuso. alk cusine. 1℥ plus 1 pt of
hot H2O drink good curing for
the worm
Pomgranite alk:-
Conelinia
Pumpkin seed- are all good for
tape worm
Santorini
[cross out] Male fern

Carthardi of active pini is 
cantharidine. times good for 
stram liniment. used aloe for 
blisters.
Ceratin cantharades
Carthartics
Senna carthartic acid Leg 1287
Colycinth Colacynthin 446
Eleterium eleterini Cucurbitaceae 520
Jalap convolvulin (resin) 796
morning glory formely a dose scammony) 275
Scammony Jalapin aonvolvulaceae / 275
Mandrake- Podophylinum resin 296, 1123
Gamboge gum resin 669
Alter olein 135
Rhubarb rhubarbic acid 1225 

Berberidaceae 
Guttiferae
[cross out] Lulraceae
Polygonaceae

Causes  
Sayre running jumping over
exertion. Skating sitting down on a
cold stone a cold place or any
other extraneous accident which 
may produce inflam of hip joint
These are the causes mentioned 
by Sayre. or giving use to inflam
of the joint. He first says that 
if this occur in a person who posed 
a strainin constitution [cross out]
it will go on unless
arrested. Will go on to produce
deformity. anchylosis and shortening
and any terminate in death
He qualifyer his remarks 
by saying that. then- The opinion
[cross out] of surgeons for the last 75
years and has been generally
taught and recurred and
that age and authority have
rendered a sort of surgeons
gospel to rebell against which
would be heresy and blasphemy

& from to rather sarcastic time  
of these remarks it is quite certain 
that Dr Sugre does not agree 
with the doctrine which has
been taught and seemed for so 
long a time. He [cross out]
also makes the statement those 
most practitioners agree that it
cannot be cured by an antiscufilosis 
method of treatment
A statement which is not worth 
much is as much a the writen
dose not mention the stage of the 
disease. It is quite evident that 
no system of treatment will
restore destroyed bone: By restore
I mean restore it to its former
condition of course. [cross out] an
irregular out growth of osseous
tissue may take place.
Not until we payed more
attention to last treatment-did
we meet with much Due cause
in the treatment of this affection

and argues that this fact alone 
proves that the disease cannot
be constitutional for here cured
local treatment. influence a
constitutional disease and
moreover he says that he has
been able to trace the majority
of his cases to a direct traumatic
organ and that most 
of her patients are of a 
robust and vigorous constitution 
presence is then attack
and that the constitutional 
disturbance came afterward
and was entirely dependent
upon the hip trouble. instead
of the opposite state possesses
a most medium outer 
state and that the common
error is that the affects of the
disease have been mistaken
for the consequence [cross out]
for there are no [cross out] troubles
which are capable of producing

more sever constitutional trouble 
than disease of the joints and
we often see cases of phthis [cross out]
upon such disease.
Dr Sayre gives a list of
143 Cases in which 131 were 
clearly traced to treaments injury
directly are to joint. and that
in only 3 cured the disease be
troubled to no definite cause
unless we consider a constitutional
cause a direct one.
[cross out] He later makes a 
remark which seems a little
like a leaf hole.- in be used
in care of need - when he
says that in many of the
cases it requires the very closest 
Examination to find out the
cause for the decrease does
not usually follow directly
the injury but that it sometime
does not appear for months

after the accident so that the 
patient and his friends have
naturally forgotten all about the
accident and its connection
with the disease- until especially
recommended of it by the investigation 
Lurking at the matter is a  
perfectly unprejudiced manner
& seems to one a thorough
Sayre by this last remark
had so to speak cut the bridge
behind him. for it seem to me 
that in any person suffering
for one matter what we could
get a hurting of a full in
jar or present of some kind
within a space of matter
and since it is a well known 
fact that people are perfectly
willing to weigh a [cross out]
[cross out] jump bruise or fall
[cross out] the cause of every joint
trouble. it seems a though it
would be a pretty easy

matter to get such a history partic  
if the surgeon be looking for
such. Moreover the surgr with
above the family history
of his so called white patients
A person [cross out] born of a phthisical
family may present all the 
appearance of white health
and often are until they are
stricken down with the disease
Sayre. Syrup-
He describes the disease with these
diff stage. 1st characterized by
inflamation 2d. by Effusion.
abduction and apparent elongation
3d by rupture of capsular ligament
medium adduction and apparent shorting
1st Stage detail In cases where
the inflamation is of a case
grade such as we usually find
in those of a stramonium diathesis 
the symp are obscure and diff
of diagnosis.

and are often opened to the knee 
instead of the hip then peculiarity
often leaves artery be careless
in ignorant observes and
many a child is treated for
trouble in the knee when it is
really-the hip joint The child
walks with a limp which when
once seen will not be forgotten
or mistake for any thing else.
The child stands upon the well
leg and throws the bone or
forward The flexor if the disease
limb or also very imperfect-The
knee on the affected side not
being capable of being flexed
sufficiently to burn it against
the chin where the other readily
is-, Pressure upon the soft parts
over the joints. a direct pressure
over the joints as a shot may 
form of pressure which tends
to face the head of the bone into
the joint produces pain

Rolling the limb slightly so as to be 
here pressure. at once relieves
pain and if carefull examination
with pressure-an extension 
no differently will be found
as a rule- diagnosis- You also get
in most cases an atrophy of the 
muscles of the affected thigh. which
in many cases is very slight [cross out]
indeed usually is the first stage
This is one set of symp however
which a very characteristic even
in the very early stage of the 
disease. If we look at the
muscles of the thigh we shall find
many if then quite strangly can
[illegible]. and after seeing strength
and on attempting 1 flex of
leg we shall get more or less
resistance accompanied by a
tweaking a spasmodic action
as he flex. which is a very
important and characteristic
syrup.

2d Stage
Here we have stage of effusion
which if much a amt will
produce a peculiar deformity
An apparent elongation of the
limb fluttering of the nates on
the effected side of the inner being
lower on the side than on the
sound side, You also get at this
stage or apparant anchyloses
which is produced by muscular 
contraction, and the thigh is slightly
flexed [cross out] pelvis and 
leg on thigh. Then if own due 
be reflex action and serves the 
purpose of keeping the joint still
and gives us an indication of
the treatment to be followed
The flexor. The Tenno vaginis
femoris pectineus. rectus femoris
are so firmly contracted that the
whole pelvis moves in the effusive 
acetabulum That this does not 
depend on a long anchyloses [cross out] at

this time is forced by puncturing the
joint. when from the nates in obtained
a it is by cutting the muscles.
Thus the power of liquid released
in a joint being able to produce
false anchyloses is shown
And experiments have been made
by injecting the hip joint through
the pulse line by which procedure.
Erosion. abduction and
sensibility of joint here produced.
3d stage The disease if not
arrested is given use to cure and
perforate of the acetabulum or ulceration 
and rupture if the capsule of
the joint which causes an effusion 
of of fluid which [cross out] might 
be either synovina or pus into 
the surrounding tissue which eventually
produces an opening somewhere 
in the thigh is many
metanes at some distance
from the joint Their rupture often
gives here to the [cross out] the colon

That dislocation has taken place 
for the suddenness of the occurrence
When the capsule ruptures and
no adhesions here takes place
the limb seem shorten and is adducted
and inverted. and is aliment
affronts to that of the 2d stage
This adduction is spoken of
by Sir Charles Bell and swell test
gives relief by running to acertain
extent the head of the bone
the inflamed cavity but the result
is active dislocation is many
cases. Sayre says he in no case
has true luxation been found in
thigh. in some argue apparently
the same Theory due to the crown
of the head of femur is on its
bearing seperated from the bone
and being left in the joint
This allusion, the upper joint
of bone to slip upward and
formulate the true luxation

In making a diagnosis hip disease 
must not be confused with
Sacro illiac disease. In the latter 
we get the elongation of the limb
which we get in 1-2d stage of hip
but in hip elongation-due to
effusion into hip joint and is detached
by measurement of sub.
ant spine to the pustules.
where as Sacro illac there is no 
elongation here these joints. The 
seat of pain is also diff- In sacro
iliac is tender who press every
point of sacrum and ileum. In
hip you also get a immobility of
[cross out] joint and the movement 
spine as seen by putting hard
under patient and lifting by
the spine which before diminshed a
curve will come down hard against
the table- treatment of first stage
All authors whose opinion are
worth anything other than the treatment 
[cross out] should be perfected

and mobility of the joint and 
relief of the synovial membrane
for all irritating pressure from 
Together Sayre Says with constitutional
remedies. and general stimulation
as may be seen. in each
case, The occasional application
of Iodine or some other caustic
irritant at this stage may give
some relief. Now when the joint 
is left to itself we get a constant
and irritating pressure due to 
the reflex contraction of the muscle
which irritating pressure not
only tends to irritate the joints 
of pressure but of the pain caused
[cross out] tends to extract the strength
[cross out] of child and near out so
to speak the newer resistance
Causing spasms during which
there is much suffering acct.
by the constant pressure of the two
inflamed surfaces there is more 
or less also of the head of 

the bone and of the acetabulum. Here  
we have to apply some method
of extension in course the
constant and depressing cause
of suffering. We at this stage
not only wish to relive pressure
to a great extent but also to keep 
the joint quiet to do the time
on many kinds of apparatus.
But at the stage when we have 
a chance of getting a cure without
loss of motion it is imperative that
the splint be removed at short
intervals- and passive motion of
be mild and gentle character give
care being taken to make gentle
extension to remove the inflamed
surface from contact is such a 
pain- and lest we start off the 
irritation anew. If the passive 
motion is not given Sayre says,
loss of motion is the joint
results. 2d Stage here over-
treatment is smaller to put it in 

certain extent. He keep up the  
[cross out] extension constantly and in order
to get rid of the effusion we may
apply certain irritants - leeches on 
joint. But best of all- to better
of condition if patient and if
suff well to be able to to move but
put a give kind of effect and
with high shoe and crutches get 
him out in open air. If pressure
from effusion becomes very great and
there is danger if rupture of capsule
Sayre recommends pucture
by hard great trochanter and
evacuation of fluid, But in many
cases the inflam is of severe a 
character that the patient cannot
stand the slightest move and
has to be kept absolutely at rest 
We have in the stage according 
to Sayre a rupture of the [cross out]
capsules. a perforation of the acetabulum
Rupture being the more common
and the fluid within pus or lymp

Toxicology Prof Wood 
Mar 31. 1882.
Tar H Tartaric acid this resembles
that of oxolic acid in nearly all its
symptoms but the blood in the 
stomach is fluid and vermillion 
in color. chemical analysis is very
diff because it is used so commonly
in perishable food. it is converted 
into carbonic by digestion and 
hence cannot be detected after
absorp-
Evap to dry-extract with alcohol.
drive off alchol. adding a little H2O
on the
divide into 2 parts. 1st neut with
pottasic carb and then add the 
other half and you get the acid
tartrate of K. or cream of Tarter
which occurs as prismatic crystals of acid
tartrate of K. The tart is good for ammonic
salts-[cross out] of caustic potass
pottasic carb: see special taste
In trying the charring test do
not use platinum foil

Treatment is to give dilute alk. 
Alk. [cross out] These are similar
to the corrosive acidic reaction of
vomitus. has [cross out] alk reaction.
The destruction of time in more
extensive parts caustic pottass
Because the acids from camp with all
which one insol
Alk carb. & hydrate and ammonia camp
are the principal ones.
[cross out] NH4HO affects the air passage  
particularly. Treatment should be
acids vinegar. The pain is 
greater than that of the fixed
alkelies. The organic should
be sealed up at once-as carbonates
are formed by absorp of carbonic
acid from the air
Sodic hydrate evap to a white powder
Test for pottasic hydrate in the 
reverse of the tartaric test

Recovery is very sure in alk poisoning 
Phosphorous. This is a very mediocre  
poison. and is very common
one the sym do not come on very
quickly. And is apt to be overlooked
Vermin pastes and maches
are the principal sources of
[cross out] accidental poisoning
Stick phos this is poisonous-
the Red is not and is amorph [cross out]
where on the stick is not
Red phos in [cross out] matches is
not poison.
When used chemicaly the ends
are soaked in coffee or tea. If these
are soaked to long the phos is oxidized
into hamamelis phos acid or not
long enough as he may not stir
it up.
A good may hours elapse before
sym come on. gas comes of the
stomach tracks like garlic and
if seen in dark has a phosphorescent 
glow.

Give 5-10 hours
Common for Nervous for 
Hamerhages from those may be 
sizy or combined
Common for time 5-6 hours
pain in throat swollen tongue diff
in deg. vomiting not bloody or dark 
in phosphorent has a slight grody
oder. Colic. dranken tender abdomen
best for 24-36 hours then they
stop but the pulse is still feeble
and the patient collapsed.
Best in for 2-4 days- sudden death
may take place- often between the 
2-4 day. jaundice appears-
Same is time of NH3 in regard to jaundice
(Ac, Sb, Ba, PHO, NH3 all these act much
alike and produce fatty degen)
When the jaundice appears you 
get headach. fatty matter (most def) in one-
delirium coma and death is for 6-12
days.
2d from Nervous.
Sym depend on active or nervous

system from membrane. cramp
[illegible]. Jaundice in case-. the
delerium coma & death 6-12 days
3d- death is not so early. vomitus 
bloody. stools bloody. life may be
preserved untill the enlarged liver
may be diseased. Colic at time
an [cross out] in 3-4 week. death from hemorrhage.
which come from all the
mucous mem. and then are hemorhages-
spots under the skin.
Recovery from phos. is rare and
the prognosis is alway very doubtfull
unfavorable.
Phys-action of phos.
1 That it is oxidyed at expense of 
O2 the tissue and blood
2d that it is absorbed in each and
acts after absorp
3 That phosphuretted hydrogen is
produced and cause death
The 1st [cross out] is true to an
certain extent. as is the second.
If it be injected far into the blood you 
get an entre diff set of symptoms

In regard to the 3d many say that
it is imposs. [cross out]
And that the gas is at once oxidized
and become harmless but this depends 
on the way in which it is
prepared. if prepared with nascent 
hydrogen. you get the regular eyes 
and port mortem appearance.
and blood clots that then last in
his [cross out] vein.
Shorter period of death in 3 hours
fatal dose for 1-3 gram but
a much smaller dose is often
fatal in children. Two maches in
a child- 2 [cross out] months  old.
3rd maches have proved fatal- one
if a adult. Match=[cross out] .01 g gram
if taken but great irritation- put 
in alimentary canal- if take-fine
ports or after soaking you get no
irritation
Usualy you get cochainores in the 
mucus membrane
Fatty dege of liver kid heart 

and muscular tissue give the 
powerful sym [cross out] the gastric
and intest gland are fatty degenerated
liver may be large or
small. accending to the time the
disease has lasted.
Inflamatory lesions are rare more
common with ar- kid- have the
look of the arge white kid if
has Bright.
Free phos must be detected
as an analgous- because there
is so much in the tissue of the 
body. in fact in all fluids and
tissue it is found.
Autopsy. Have iron dark
and look for phos. in mouth and
throat then shake up the contents
of stomach and you will get
the luminosity which shows free
phosphorus.
It is oxidized very soon to phosphorus.
and then it be phosphoric
acid

Odor luminosity and reduct test 
which reduces Ag Ma to mettalic ag
Then is also applicable to phosphoretted
hydrogen.
This lummonsity is prevented by temperature.
NH3 fumes. This latter import 
an NH3 in pul. for times
Dose. is the way gr do the
analysis with vaps. passes through
the condense at the point where
the vapors condense. there you get
the luminosity. This is very delicate.
1 match will give the lumen for
1/2 hour. or 500 cc of H2O
s a rule abt 3/6 of the phosposses
over from the reduct.
Treatment.
All fatty food must be stopped
Castor oil must not be used for 
the reason that phos mixes not 
as more easily absorbed.
Turpentine old (new of no good)
which has been exposed to air
and has ozone.

and is supposed to act by oxidation
of the phos it could be 
given in large doses.
Medical Chem April 13. 82
Recitation
Mental symp. actions of the attendant
& Take a note of all [cross out] who are
present. What a compound poisoning &
Where a person has been given and
a drug has been given to cover
the symptoms. This is compound
posoning. Instance strychnia. then
give morphia.
Intoxication may hinder the absorp of
a poison
Morphia and strychnia are antagonistic 
The chemist should be given a
hint as to what the poison is as it
saves time and material this latter
is a very important thing as the
amt of material is always limited
He should make the ordinary
preliminary test of the sub

and by so doing he may get an  
important hint. But if care 
important thing to do is to make 
a microscopic & diminution of
the intestinal Tract to discover
traces of the poison either emptily 
or leaves. Digitalis has on it
two kinds of hair one jointed and
the other not jointed and very 
bright [cross out] very few other leaves
have this appearance. The color of
the contents are important or giving
a hint the oder. in case of the volatile
poisons. Fatty degeneration of liver &
heart indicates phos are antimony
Corrosive sub may also cause
the appearance in a less degree
Organs should be divided into 
more than two parts
[illustrations]
Begin carefull examination of the
food you can tell what was last
eaten and abt how long subjected
been going on.

and these get an idea of when 
the food was taken.
Organs should always be
opened by the [cross out] medical examiner
and not left for the chemist
Doctor should always be on the 
look out for pretended poisoning. they
may simulate the most of the symp
but not all of them
Lead is the only metal which 
comes under the stupefactants
Opium makes a class by itself the narcotics
Corrosives have purely a local action
[cross out] Take chap XI. XII.
[cross out] 
Toxicology April 14. 1882
Wood wants to see me. Monday in his
labratory
[cross out]

Toxicology April. 14. 1882 
Arsenic poisoning. In getting the 
sublimate of ar. heat the tube where
you think the sol is to form and
you get large crystals.
Sources of ar-poisoning are numerous
(Arsenious oxide) white ar is the most
common. A perfect pure- [cross out]
sulphide is not poisonous for
it is insol in the juices of alimentary canal but by
exposure to moisture a part is
conveted into the white arsenious oxide and in
poison. Mettalic ar (pure) is
not poisonous. this by exposure
undergoes a similar change
to the above and forms arsenious oxide
This metal mixed with white
make the fly powder of the stones)
Arsenic oxide (pentoxide) has
not given any cases of poison
This readily takes up moisture 
and becomes [cross out] converted into a
moist mass
White ar = 2 kinds Transparent

and opaque. The opaque is [cross out] more 
sol in H2O than the other in [cross out] crystal
Colors are very common source 
of poison. Arsenite of copper
Shields green parse green are 
the same thing and are [cross out] poisonous
Foulers sal is a poisonous sal
Donivans sal in [cross out] made
of as and also has Hg in sal.
As dist in soft soap in a
common source of poisoning and
is used as an anti paricitic
Arseniuretted hydrogen this is
formed in Marshes test for ar
and is extremely poisonous
Salts of arsenious air is acids
are poison but they have give few cases
of poisoning
[cross out]
Yellow sulphide as a color
has given rise to cases of
poisoning, partic in childrens
toys. Where it has been used as
a coloring matter

Symp. often [illegible] of white ar. 
and the sal of ar vary very much
We may have 2 varieties of
acute. Acute = rapidity of symp
violence and rapid death
This is not so common in the 
sal acute = death in two week
In cases of acute sym appear 
in 1 hour after injection of
poison which is almost clear
white as at Paris- green-white
gives no tast except a sort
of burning sensation Paris gives
a coppery taste.
[cross out] Sensation of heat great 
there great pains on the epigastrium
a little later a dysenteric pain
in the rectum
Vomiting and purging may cease
as rapidly. Very great prostration
fainting cold extremities & deat
in for 6 to 8 hours
& Now there is another kind of
poisoning where the purging

pain with vomiting may be 
absent but you have a great
deal of narcotism and the
patient dies in 6-8 hours.
The common for in the sal
acute sign comes in for 1-10 
hours- these may be destroyed by
various causes and states of the 
system. opium- may delay the 
syrup- intoxication. One case
a man took 120 grams and sym 
did not come on for 3 days-
death in 6.
When the sym do commence 
by have abt vomiting and
purging and prostration and
great old pain then comes
after a day or so a let up
if there symptoms. Thirst weakness 
irregular heart cold extremities.
painfulll deglutes (pass) remain 
this last for 20-48 hours
then comes a reaction and
we have the result of inflam
Old tender symptomatic resonance

tenderness sleeplessness action  
of heart is affected face is
swollen an cyanotic sometime
for 2d-5th day you get an [cross out]
erruption due to action on [cross out] the
sweat glands & then effort
to eliminate Rarely you have
jaundice (and after death
you get fatty degen).
Intellect remains intact untill
a few hours before death
then convulsions- and death
death in such a case is in for
2 days-2 weeks. We may have 
both in the acute and subacute 
bloody vomitus and
blood stools.
Death may not take place
untill after all ar has 
been eliminated death being
due to secondary condition
due to inflammation but this
is rare-
Chronic form of poisoning

Usualy due to administration 
of Fowlers-sal-in two large
dose-The poison (Ar) is not
an accumulative [cross out] but
is [cross out] one which is eliminated
and in chronic cases it is taken
a little faster the eliminated
Here you get alum the eruption
vomiting. Blood is there and
rarely and here hemorrhages 
from nose uterus throat &cl-
face looks prematurely old
hyperaesthaesia of skin-trembling
of the limbs-(palsy)
death in for a [cross out] month to three
years.
Poisoning due to external
application. such as caustic
here are aliment always have an 
eurption at the point of application.
Ordinarily in case [cross out]
acute [cross out] as an average 
death cause in [cross out] 1 day
Shortes period in 20 minutes

longest 2 years in a case of chemi 
2 or 3 grain of white or in an
fatal dose 1/8 of a gram has
produce serious results
2 grams given divided denser
[cross out] scattering through 5 days
has proved fatal.
(1/2 of Fowler = 2 grams of as.)
We find no acute great inflam
of mucus mem of stomach &
intestine. In the chemi and
sal acute you see no sighn
of acute inflamation. The only
thing in a full swelling of the 
gastric glands [cross out] color due
to fatty deg. same is true of
glands in intes partic solitary
glands
Fatty degeneration comes on
in some cases. with remark
the rapidity beginning in 3-4
hour. complet in 10. at times 
preservation of the tissue is-

a thing to be observed in this is
quite characteristic of ar. Prof
Wood mentions a case where the 
body was preserved for 26 years.
Purpuric spots may be found beneath
the skin. There are no lesions of
skin mouth or esophagus. In
the stomach you get ulceration
at times. great redness and at 
times perforation but this is not
common. This redness may
cover the whole surface or may
be confined to spots or may
only effect the fold of the tongue
Upon carefull ex we can usual
find traces of it on little white or
yellow patches. white in death has
come a quick yellow (sulphide of
O2) if death has been delayed
We find the same look in the upper
part of small intestine and in the 
[cross out] rectum. 
The solid [cross out] organs not 
affected heart kid liver and 

muscular tissues are as a rule
fatty degen. As may remain in the
tissues for a long time Case all
on [cross out] record where it was clean 
in 16 days in part when given in
larger doses. it is not in copiously 
eliminated
In a case of chronic ar was
detected 6 1/2 [cross out] weeks after the 
last dose.
Medical Chem. recitation. April 20. 82
What are the common symp of irritant
persons. [cross out] vomitus blood- pain
in stomach. In corrosives you often get periton 
How frequent are cases of H2SO4 poisoning. 
Give syrup of H2SO4 poisoning. Pain in
old men. browning of mucus mem of oesophagus
coffee ground vomitus acid reaction
constipation [cross out] suppression of urine.
bladder empty or filled with bloddy fluid
Dilute H2SO4 will brown H2O when exposed
to the air until you get a given sp gr
and the red stain becomes brown
What sub is often mixed with H2SO4
Ans Indigo. This is often mixed

with H2SO4 and its marked blue color
readily leads to its detection
Dilute H2SO4 does not cause such violent
symp and you do not get peritonitis so
often and rarely have perforation
Total dose in 2 grams. Antidotes are
chalk. lime. MgCO3. Mg is preferable to the
others as it acts also as a carthartic and then
assists in its removal Give tests for H2SO4
BACl does not distinguish between free
and combined H2SO4
Diff [cross out] between H2SO4 & HNO3.
Color of vomitus in yellow pain more diff
and it also attacks the air passages.
Spots on clothing are [cross out] yellow as they
are on the mucus mem. the yellow color
is due to formation of nitrate of [cross out] albumen
Nitric acid also gives out an oder due
to nitrous fumes- H2SO4 is oder-less
Tests for nitric acid = FESO4 + H2SO4
Symp of HCL resemble those of Nitric
most as this solubility is abt the
same. both affect the air passages
Detection is very hard-

M. If free HCL is present you need
not add nitric acid for a crystal of
nitre will do. the same is true in the 
reverse. where you may add a gram of
common salt. AgCL is sol in
NH4OH and sodic hyposulphate, this test
alone does not distinguish it for all
of the hylogen acids are kept. by their
(hydy iodie. hydobromic. hydo [cross out] cyanic)
Principal sources of oxalic poisoning
Salts of Cinm. these may consist of two
ingredients. [cross out]
[cross out]
The crystals of oxalic acid and MgSO4
cannot be distinguished. as far as look 
goes. Oxalic doses not charr.
Epsom salt [cross out] insol in 
alcohol. sol in H2O. Oxalic sol in H2O
sol in alcohol. In a tube you can by gentle 
heating sublime oxalic 
Oxalic acid is very sour and on nacent 
of its extreme solubility it is almost impos.
to give it cunningly.
Syp Burning pain in stomach vomiting

if patient lives several hours you get purging 
vomitus. may be bloody is not but if
strong usualy get. blood after absorp you
get a weak pulse collapse and prostration 
putre when given in dilute form.
Shortest fatal period in 3 minutes.
Calk is best in this case because it is much
less sol. than Mg. Next in time H2O
If acid is strong you use not the stomach
pump if weak do other cure
[cross out] Begin with post mortem look
(oxalic and go to ar poisoning

Toxicology April. 21. 1882 
The elimination of ar is usualy
complete in 3 weeks. One case is on record
when found after 6 weeks.
The as is not distil uniformly through
the body sometimes asking more
partic the liver which has more
than any other tissue. here the max
amt is greatest in about 15 hours
providing that absorp commenced at
once we may have an amt if
ar = to 6 pains of white as.
At this time fatty degeneration has
commenced. The time at which it
commences is important it may commence
in 7 hours. In once case it
was much advanced in ten hours
in one case it had started well
in 7 hours.
Some claim that the greatest 
amt [cross out] so stored up
in the brain and nervous tissue
But they performed the test by marshes
test. and as some sulpher
and organic matter

may be deposited the weight of the  
tule may be increased and hence
an ounce. Liver and kid have abt
the same amt in proportion to their
weight. The amt in the stomach
and intestines depends upon the 
amt of absorption
Treatment of acute ar poisoning
The great thing is to get rid of
the poisonous matter. Large amts
of ar may adhere to walls of stomach.
Use stomach pump if you
can get one if not use greasy H2O
mustard and water or dry thing
which will dissolve the ar and cure
vomiting at same time. freshly prep
ferric hydrate. is the very best antidote.
Ingestion of alk camp are
very impressive because the ar camp
are so soluble. When the pump 
is used stream should be passed
for an hour or so
Magnesia is the next best thing
In order to remove that which

has been thrown into the intestine 
give castor oil to carry it through quickly.
In case which go as favorably the
urine should be tested daily for the
pressure of Ar-
Prep and tests for ar. Two forms
trans and opaque. 1st in large
masses and in such case sol  
[cross out] in H2O acid is not common.
2d in the form which is often met
find in octahedral and 12 sided 
crystals in [cross out] caustic sal in boiling
H2O slightly in cold. Weight of ar-
A heaping-[cross out] teaspoonful weight
150 grains tablespoonful 520 grains
Sp gr of white or in much greater
than that of H2O. but it floats 
on water to a great extent this dir
it from other powders
And this should always be done
at once at be used as should
the test for volatility or not very 
are volatile. put a little on a 
knife blade and at dips opens 

or does HgCl. HgCl2 & [cross out] 
[cross out] sal-ammoniac.
Metallic as in also vol or well as
The whole oxide, Another very ready
test which can be applied to all the
compounds of ar. Heat with a 
strong reducing agent (best sodic black
flux.) This is better than the pottasic because
the latter takes up H2O. which rather
hinders the test. This tube gives off an
oder as garlic. and you get a deposit
of white ar. corresponding to the amt of
air in the tube. this is very valuable
in all. legal cases
Arsenite is yellow. arsenate
CuSO4 + arsenionic acid= let green arsenitie
of CU. CUSO4 + arsenic acid = blue green
[cross out] arseniate. both the cu &
Ag sal are sal in mineral are in and
NH4OH
The sulphuretted by hydrogen test in
one of the most usefull tests for it
can be applied to powder as well
as sal.

Common ar As2O3 may be converted into
As2O5 by boiling with [cross out] NHO3 or with
free cl.
Formation of tupple arsenate of these
crystals are similar to those of tupple
phosphate. The atom of phosphorous
being replaced by an atom of As
(MgNH4PO0) (MGNH4AsO4) 
[cross out] (Arsenic acid test for any
form in oxidzed with cl of HNO3. amt
is acidulated with HCL and N sol
of uranium added and the test is
just the same as that for the phosphate.
This is a test he must to need 
before) If you destroy the organic
matter and pass [cross out] Sulphurated
hydrogen you get a ppt even 
though you have not metals there
This is due to organic sulphides
No [cross out] dependence should be
placed upon the color of the ppt

[cross out] obtaned by passing H2S. 
With the sal of the white fused nose in
water all the tests for arsenic acid may
be obtained)
Reinches test. acidulate the sal with HCl and
boil the copper remove a pail of ar from 
the sal. and it is deposited on the copper
Wash and dry between filter paper and
this gives a sublimate of copper. The
best kind of a tube is one with a lath
and a slim neck
Marshes Test. Methods of analysing

Medical chem. April 27. 1882. 
What are the post mortem appearance of
H2SO4 poisoning. PhH2 is usefull in the 
test for oxalic acid for it eliminates the a
large amt of organic matter.
Essential diff between acid and alk.
poison. reaction of vomitus differs. Taste
is sour alk. nauseous and burning. and
gives a soapy feel. Vinegar or nitric acid
or lemon juice. one the most ready remedies 
for the alk. Better than either of these
in milk or olive oil.
[cross out]
In any case of poisoning never use
any preservative fluid.
Most of the salts of the alk acts
both localy and generaly
1 pound of phos will make denser mache
Never give any oily mixture of oils
or oily camp in a case of phos poisoning
but give saline carthartic [illustration]
Some pill Phos is absorbed as such
as is proved by an examination of
the urine.

How do we know that phosphoretted hydrogen 
absorbed [cross out] as is proved by breathing through 
a sal of nitrate of silver which is reduced
and as the breath is not Cummous gen
I know that there is no free phosphorous
Turpentine should be given in 
large doses for if given in small
doses it is absorbed and acts as a 
poison but given in large doses
it passes rapidly through the intestine
and does no great harm.
Large dose is about a teasponfull -
take spoonful. If the patient has been
treated with turpentine the phosphorescence
is obscured. NH4HO. sulphuretted hydrogen
also does this 
Ar and Sb for the next recitation 

Toxicology April 28, 1882.  
Test for as in wall paper. Marshes test
is the only reliable one for paperer of all
the colors and for cloths.
Cut the paper into small pieces moisten 
with conc. H2SO4 and char on a H2O
both be sure that they are all moistened
with HeSO4.
2d (Mosten with NH3 and you get an
azure blue due to copper then add
a drop of ag NO3 and you get a 
cannary yellow doe to resenite of silver
sal in excess of NH3 and the mineral 
acids)
Moisten the charred paper with H2O &
filter or rather wash with water and
filter. In performing Marshes test care
must be taken to add neither to much
or to little & always test your reagents is
doing the test as the ordinary. 2 or 8 H2SO4
is apt to contain As. and this is
done by testing the flame with a porcelain
plate before the mixture has
been added in common cases

gm should also beat the delivery tube
for 15 minutes to be shure that no nerve
is formed in the tube. Haematuria is a 
common syrup associated with arsenuretted
hydrogen poisoning and gin also
have nausea. In a moist atmosphere
the ar in wall paper ashes a little
sulphuretted hydrogen then in inhaled acid
the dust dewed from the paper.
But when the paper is of a bright color
you can sometimes get a green dust
above. the doors and windows where
dusting is not common. here we
get 2 ounces gas and dust
And the fact that dust is in the 
air has been founded by filling water
with [cross out] a cotten and passing a
current of air through bringing it mite
contact nitrate of silver and for this
it has been obtained
After the gas has been tested then introduce
to sal and wait for a minute 
or two.
Sources of chronic poisoning most common
in wall paper. paste green

all of the aniline pigments are apt
to contain ar.
Shield green arsenite of copper has
60% of copper and in the olden times 
was a most common source of farming
[cross out] Orpiments & reoba are sour
of poisoning and as they are applied
to large they give use to many cases
of poisoning
Another course in the use in the ants or
fly paper for instance. which is very poisonous.
Coloring of clothing is also apt to 
contain ar and gives use to many cases
of poisoning. If fabric has wool you must
destroy the organic matter with HCL. [cross out]
KCLO. filter and work with extract with 
H2O and nitro dose wt fork
Artificial flowers give use to many
cases of poisoning, partic green and
red
Water color paints partc light green
have ar. the dark green is also
poison although not due to ar.
Candy is often colored with Ar

partic the red and green. Paris
green is colored with paris green
Chrome yellow in [cross out] used as a
coloring matter
Aniline pig used in confec are sometimes
poisonous.
Wine claret is often colored with a
pig containing Ar.
Arsenical syrups raspberry blackberry
jelly jams
Fonstein in wine is detected very
easily as follows add to 30 cc
of wine + 10 cc of sub acetate of Ph
han and fiter cool + 10 drops of
Ha + 10 cc of angl alcohol and
shake and often then has seperatia the 
alcohol is colorless if pure but
if not it is rose or cherry red
if it certain rosac acid alohol
will be yellow. if colored with Alum
get violet or red.
In test color put some in a
test tube of a little NH3 and if it
becomes colorless it must be
fontrein

Wall paper. He cannot say from to 
look if a paper wheather it has ar or
not. We may even have the same 
pattern and color one has ar. other
not. (False shield green = chrome yellow
+ prussian blue)
Paper used for wrapping candy often
has a large amt of ar.
Glazed paper often have an minimal 
amt of ar. in them and are very dangerous
and are used by young children in
toys. Playing chidr often have a large
amt of ar.

Toxicology May 5. 1882.
Symp of chronic as passing. Most of these
symp are due to the dust set free from 
the paper. Which comes in contact with
the mucus mem of the throat and
lunge. There is catarrh cough and the
patient has apparently a bad cold
there is also conjunctivitis. And
ar a small amt is swallowed ar
get dyspepsia and if the inflam gets
into the intestine we get a little diarreah 
Lately we have symp due to the 
action of the ar on the nervous system
and you get what is known as
nervous prostration. And all the
symp of these obscure diseases [cross out] may
be caused by ar. (Carpets often
have a large amt. of ar.)
Women are much more frequently
affected than the men because they
are in the corner more - Gradudual
[cross out] peculiarity has much to do with
this Death is often caused by
the form of poisoning

Epleptic convulsion may be caused
by the form of ar poisoning
Antimony poisoning
Sources are Tar tarter emetic & the
Tar chloride. The pure metal and the
sulphides are not poison.
Tarter emetic is a double tartrate of
antimony and potassium. KSbOT.
This has abt 44% of antimony
This has caused many deaths
both from chronic and acute poisoning
When taken in large doses it acts
as a violent emetic and thus you 
get rid of it-
Here if antimony has 32 gr to pint of
sherry wine. Ointment 120 gr to the
ounce.
When a large dose is taken
you get an acrid tart. (which ar has
not but as a whole it useable as
poisoning) Then vomiting and purging 
much may be absent - sore
mouth and throat and the 
mucus green is covered with 
an apthous crust.

solution is also seen (as it is
sometime in ar) Vomitus often
bloody as are the stools, cramps in
the abdomen, sometimes spasms
The symp strongly resemble those
of acute dysentary
Antimony in fatal cases progresses
rapidly and fatally toward death
When the dose is small it goes
on untill recovery commences which
is also regular and progressive
In ar there are intermissions
and let up, which differ from the 
symp of [cross out] antimony which is
progressive and regular.
[cross out] over The prostration is
in propotion to the amt given
In cases of chronic posioning there
is an increase in the amt of
urine, and the urine has large
amts. In ar the urine is diminished 
Intestinal symp resemble
those of chronic dysentary
External application of antimony 

pastes the chloride which is found
in most cancer pastes causes
cases of poisoning. When this is
applied you often get a pustulous 
eruption on the surface of the body.
Post mortem. examination.
Of those crust fatty degeneration
inflamatory process which may
be confined to duodenary cecum
[cross out] ileum. The greater
part of the small intestine being
skipped. Fatal dose is hard
to determine. 1/16 of a grain have
given severe syrups. But this 
is exceptional. The smallest fatal
dose was 3/4 gr in child 2 gr for
an adult, death ordinarily takes
place in from 2-6 days
Treatment. Is to force the vomiting.
Give Tannic or gallic acid
These are drugs at hand and
are very valuable remedies
Gallic completely precipates the
antimony forming. The Tr gallate

This drug (tarter emetic) is very sol
in water.
KSbOT in ppt from sal by nitric acid
care must be taken not to add to much
acid as it is sol in excess-if nitric
a. in an excess of HT. this last dection
gushes it from the similar B1 compound
By this depletion the oxy salt is formed
Leneker test gives a blacker deposit
on the copper in Sb then is ar and the 
subliment is nearer the flame and the 
crystals are vesiculate rather then tetrahedral
Mauher Test is of great value
And if the delivery tube is heated the
Sb is deposited on both sides.
And if heated in a close current
of H2S you get a yellow sulphide
of ar and an orange sulphide of
Sb. If put in pased through
Sal of AgNo3. is in you get ppt of
more Ag. in case of Sb. you get a
mixture = Sb ag
As sal in soda hypochlorate Sb in
ammonia sulphide

In cases of Sb poisoning all the urine
which can be obtained should be.
For after you can detect the
Sb by concentrating and preforming
Denmcher Test
Sb can often be detected in the 
body long after death and it
preserves the tissue
The case of poison from the tea
chloride are very few and its
action is that of a corrosive
and in the cases which have
been seen the intestines have been
very much impared
Medical Chem. Toxicology-May 11. 82
What is the treatment in a case of acute Ac
poison? Ans Give emetics and then give
a sal of fresh ferrio hydate which is made
by ppt ferric cl. with NH4HO and wash 
the filtrate trouorghly, until all NH4HO
is removed. because any free NH3 will
for arcenite of NH3 which is very sol
and is readily absorbed. a mix of

Mg with this is still better-
Have test white Ar powder?
Ans. It floats on water-and is a heavy
white powder-volatilizes on heating and
gives of white fumes-which may be
condensed on a slide. Gives a bluish
tint in the lower part of the flame
Sulphuretted hydrogen added to the 
sub gives a yellow color. Deincher test
and the reduction test with [cross out]
[cross out] blood flux which is made
by igniting sodic carbonate.
Liquids. tests ar those with Agnitate
and with Sulphate of copper and with 
uranium. the last is used to get the 
quantative test. the proportion of which 
are the same as the test for phosphates.
In the analysis the phorphosic acid
is seperated by the sulphuretted hydogen
and thus all poor of this reaction 
being due to phosphoric acid is removed 
Means of distinguishing ft Ar and
Sb by marcher test?. [cross out] Ans 
Diff in color and solubility and in
volatility

In the nervous with nitric acid
and crop: and test with nitrate of Ag-
from if ar grey in Sb.
Has test a green powder quickly of
Ac? Ans [cross out] is reduction test
NH3HO + AgNO3 This is done by adding 
the NH3 to the powder get a blue dust by 
Cu-then add the Ag and you get 
an dicenite of Ag which is a canary color
In testing paper you moisten the paper
with the H2SO4 and char. filter and
add to acid in the H generator
All the test mentioned on the 
paper are watch glow tests-only a
grain of the poison being used-with one
dose of the reagent
What are the principal sources of 
KSbOt poison? Ans the tarter
emetic and the tar chloride and
the prep wine of antimony-and
the ointiment of antimony
Sb cu very much most sal has
ar. And the taste is acrid
and the crystals are tetrahedral

and large. these points distinguish
it from ar-What are the symptoms 
of Sb poison-?
What is the progress in Sb?
In chronic poisoning the syrup resembles
those of chronic dysentary for which
it is distinguished only by the
examination of the urine. This is
the only way you can distinguish
it from dysentery. The amt of
the urine is increased in chronic
due by stimulation of the kidney
What are the part mortem appearance
? Ans-There is inflam of the digestive
track-[cross out] with exception of small
intestine which is mostly skipped-fatty 
degen is also seen partic in the eyes
What would you expect in case 
of chronic poison? Ans fatty degen
and no sensation
Mucus mem of air passages is more
apt to be inflamed in antimony than
in ar
What do we see when Sb has

been applied externaly and it
is also seen at time when taken
internaly. What is the antidote?
Ans any sal containing gallic
and tannic acid
Gallic acid can only be used as
a reagent [cross out] for quantitive work
When the Sb is in form of terchebudi
What are some of the ready test
for ASb OT.? One Reineher test
Marsher test. Bedside test in sal
ability taste charring and gives oder of
sugar. dipped into flam get. mix of 
simple and blue. Which are color
of Sb and K. Sulphuretted by
doses to powder = orange color
added to sal-plus HCl also 
gives orange color.
Orange sulphate of Sb in sal in
HCl and in this sal. if dropped
into H2O get a white ppt of oxg.
chloride sal in HCl and HNO3 
Take next two chapters. Hg. cu.

Toxicology May. 12. 1882
Hg.
Hg and all its comp which are sol in
gastric juice and poison. The principal
sources are HgCl2. HgCl & Hg.
Calomel prob gives use to the most cases
of poisoning because it is impure and
has some of the soluble-cl-or it contains
some-which is sal in the gastric juices.
If you treat HgCl-with HCl + H2O
and you get no mercury-but if you
add to it gastric juice you do get
it. hence never give calomal during
digestion.
Hg is the principal source of chronic
poisoning due to the fact that Hg is vol
at any temp above 40 deg F. And in
the mints and Cabrotarge where it
is used you get many cases.
HgCl2 gives many cases of poison
from its extensive uses as are
anti parasitic. And is the taking
sal which were intended as external
lotions. All the sal ferrus of
Hg may be absorbed from any

surface. Hg as absorbed through the
skin as surely and is not changed
of [cross out] and has been found as such.
Symp of Hg Cl2 are local and
general. The local are corrosive almost
as much as acids and alk. 
have inflam of the whole alamentary
canal. Mouth and osephagous
are often covered with a white 
coat due to an abluminate of Hg
After exposure to air for long time
becomes harm.
Vomiting in rapid first contents of
stomach then becomes often bloody
more so than As in Sb due to its
greater corrosive action The diarrhea
is more apt to be bloody the old
pain is intense. Vomiting comes
quicker than in As Dejecturs
are frequent are bloody urine
is almost suppressed and very
scanty and you have in all
cases symp of acute nephritic
This is due to effort of kid

to eliminate the poison. Breath is
fetid and has peculiar odor and
in some cases we get salvation
but not comming Usualy toward
end patient seems a little better
but the heart goes slower and 
weaker-respiration diff and death 
is from a few hours to a day or two
Nervous sym. Loss of sensation
in lower part of body upper part
is normal. An depletion is also 
common much resembling erysipelas 
but last only 4 days.
Chronic poisoning commonly
called professional poisoning from 
the frequency [cross out] with which
mercury colour are effected
This may be caused by frequent
doses of Hg in medicines The
first symp is that the gums are
a little swollen and tender
This tenderness is procured by tying
the gums together. Next is the 
diarrhea. If the [cross out] Hg

has been given a long time we
get a purple line due to the 
decomp of food in that place forming.
H2S which unites with Hg
and gives sulphide of Hg. same
things cause the rings in lead and
copper poison.
In long cases jaw and cheek
may become ulcerated and these
may be mistaken for syphilis
pain in the bones also comes
which closely resemble those of
syphlis Patient is pale and 
aenemic for action of Hg on the blood
Trembling and epileptic convulsion
Tenderness of gums follow weakness 
and diarrhea are the warning
symptoms. The production of sal
irration varies much with the acids
by dust effected time of its appearance 
varies much has been known
to come in 1 hour. It may reappear
after having ceased. [cross out] The Hg
being given in the mean time

Salvation may be produced by many
sal digestives. Ar EL. Iodide of A
False teeth. B. compound. and all
irritating compounds applied to ant
will produce this.
Mercurial palsy and salvation
are very rarely seen together.
Symp of Hg applied external are
abt the same. salvation and eruption
are more common.
Post mortem. Evidences of inflam
and irritation. The white coat. which 
goes down on for a part of small
intestine. When exposed to air
stomach looks black. The tongue 
is swollen and the papillae much 
enlarge. Kidneys are acutely inflamed.
(Acute parenchy nep)
In chronic you have (Chronic
inter stit). Fatal dose-3gr
of corrosive sal in the fatal
dose on an average time 1-5 
days. In chronic duration of 
life is uncertain.

Treatment fever vomiting
Give all the albumen as either is
the best antidote forming an
almost insol abluminate of
Hg. Eggs. milk are the two best
Flour may be used. The starch
may be removed by washing the
flour with water and straining
through a cloth. But it may
be used [cross out] mixed
Use of stomach pump is doubtfull.
For syrup or chronic
Chlorate of potassum should
be used. Test volatility, This 
is true unless in combination
with fixed acid. There is no charring
H2S gives black color with HgCL2 in HgCl
HgCl2 if warmed in a tube gives
long vesiculate crystals. If a little
soda be mixed with the comp
and you get a sublimate of that
Hg. Which may be condensed 
into a large one by rubbing together
with a glass rod or tube.

Toxicology May 18. 1882
What are the principle sources of Hg
poisoning. Corrosive sal furnishes the
cases of acute poison. Hg and calomel 
the cases of chronic.
What employments give cause of
chronic poison. What is the best preventative
against Hg from a factures.
Ans sprinkle the floor with NH4HO
This has been forced to do a good
deal to prevent this.
HgCl2 = IC HgCl ous
HgCl is a heavy crystalline sub
very sol in H2O. Alcohol. ether and
[cross out] Calomel is often contain
united with corrosive sub. How are 
HgCl. and HgCl2 made?
What are the symp of a large dose
of HgCl2. Ans, Urine sunken from 
blood. vomiting violent and [cross out]
bloody nauseous taste. White 
coat. More apt to get blood because
it is more corrosive
Can we have acute poison from 
the extend application of the poison

? Lead and [cross out] cu give
a line around the gums. as do 
all mineral poison which give it
black sulphate-PbgHg gives blue
line Cu more if a purple.
What is the time of death. Ans 
usualy in twenty four days
What is the antidote Ans. obl 
matter. Eggs. milk. flour. These
form an [cross out] obl of Hg. which
is sal in an excess of the alb
so to much should not be given
PM appearances. Mouth and 
oesophagus have a white color due
to alb if Hg turns brown or exposure
to air stomach and 
all parts of the track touched by
the poison. Perforation some times
takes place: Kidney-in acute gives
acute parenchymatous crephuts
chronic produce chronic and
interstitial
What are the symp of chronic
poison? Ans tenderness of gums

and teeth. diarrhea in one of the 
first symp. What is solution?
Ans Increased [cross out] secretion
of saliva. There may come on quite 
rapidly. quickest time on record in 1 1/2 hours
is the quickest time on record-some 
persons are much more easily sal
seated than [cross out] others. children
are not so easily [cross out] salivated
but are easily affected by the poison
Has detect Hg comp by ready
test? Crystaline form in case of
HgCl2. Calomel-amorphas. HgCl2
fuses and get white fumes-and condence
a piece of [cross out]-cold glass
and are useable shape
[cross out]
& Hood [cross out]
Sulphide of Hg in sal only. aqua regia
[cross out] Pb. Cu next time

Toxicology May. 19. 1882
Hg is usually gotten rid of in a week
or so. When a person has been
treated by munctin it may be found
for a long time a year even.
Hg has been found in the lunge
due to inhalations of Hg fumes.
Lead poisoning
This is often met with partic
in the chronic form. Most frequent
form is the poisoning of water
through lead pipes. Soft H2O attacks 
a lead pipe. much more than
hard water. & water containing
an excess of alk carbonate attack
it much more vigorously.
Oxygen dissolved in the water under
with lead to form ox of Pb or
common litharge. this meets the 
oxy carbonate of lead which is 
not very soluble. If the H2O
which has stood over night
is drawn off there is little
danger of Pb poisoning.

Acids or preserved fruits attacks
the lead in the tin or silver and 
you get poisoning in this way.
The so called tin foil usualy 
contains a large amt of lead
some specimens have as much 
as 90%
Painters are very liable to lead
poson. due to use of white lead
(carbonate of lead) Plumbers type
setters are prone to this trouble
Lead is a cumulative poison
and is absorbed as such. 
and it may not appear in
the urine untill after treatment
Inhalation of lead dust in the urine
causes many cases of poison
Granden of colors are very liable
to this trouble
Red and yellow led are used often
as a pigment and this cause poison
Use of lead in enamel of
cooking utensils causes many 
cases of poison.

Ordinary porcelain lined dishes
may have lead in composition
Cleaning bottle with shot is
apt to cause poison. due to the 
formation of a slight amt of 
PbCo3 on the wall of the bottle
Cleaning champain bottles with 
spot a fine spot reoccurring in the 
bottom of the bottle and their
giving use to poisoning
Ordinary red wafers sometimes
contain lead.
Coloring of food and confections
with chrome yellow often causes acute
poisoning due a much to chronic
acid a to lead.
Many hair dyes have a large
amt of Pb.
Acute poison is caused usualy
by ingestion of sugar of lead.
Use of neither in lighting a
pipe with the ordinary matches
which are colored with red
lead. In acute poison

We get first symp of ordinary
irritant poison and a
sweet tast. colic and constipatin.
This last is characterit
of lead ar is tart
Colic is sever and is epgastric
and is relieved by deep pressure
a abdomen is dry other irritant
pressure increases it 
Lead is a stupefacient and
the stupor comes as either
late and lat of 2 or 3 days
before death. Recovery from
Pb is very rare and is incured 
in by an acute febril attack
and recovery is slow-
Chronic poisoning
Mal-nutrition pale anemic
Urine is less. yellowish hue to
the skin. blue line at junct
of teeth and gums
Emaciation takes place and
often a tone according to strength
of patient 
Colic, paralysis artralgia

Colic been relieved by ferriac and 
old in retracted so you can see
shape of spinal column and is
thought to be neuralgia if in brachial
plexus and arrested with convuls
and pulse 30 or 40, Releized by
Arthralgia always free movement of bones and found near the
joint and resembls herniation
and is destroyed by the 
fact there is no inflamation- and
is found mostly in bones extremetie
Next comes the paralysis which
affect preferably the upper-extrem
and affect first the extensore
and the wrist drops and is
most common in the hand most
used. This may come on very 
rapidly though as a rule a
long time lapses.
Cerebral limbs is next
Epileptic convulsions comes- 
due part to hair dye- and
face powder- violent head
ache [cross out] No danger comes

from sleeping in a fresh painted  
room or for a lead in concerned
but the colics are due to 
turpentine and the volatile oils.
In cases of chronic poison if
of long standing we get interstit
Bright.
Tretment in acute the best antidote 
is epsom salt. this forms the 
med [cross out] sulphate and
acts as an [cross out] carthartic
If any other sulphate is used
it should be followed by a 
carthartic because the sulphate
after a time is attacked by the
intestinal juices. Lead in 
case of chronic poison is in the 
form of an atheminitc of Pb-
This in doses by K9-to a slight
extent hence the value of the 
drug for of at dose all at once
we should get acute poisoning
If with K9 produces colic you 
must give it very slowly or if 

not able to stand it at all 
use hot sulphur baths and
after a time the patient will
be able to stand the K9
Electricity is good for the paralysis
Peculiar pain of lead colic is 
distinctive, it location in epigastrium
and diss on pressure.
We do not find many PM 
symp-sometimes a white coat 
if fresh. black if death has
taken place sometimes before
If lead has much acetic acid
in comp you may get symp 
of irritation

Tox. recitation May 25. 1882 
What are the symp of acute copper
poison? What is the color of the stool
How distin. between chronic copper
and lead poisoning. Pb is constipated
Cu loose. pain in epigastrium is
releived in Pb by pressure. in cu is
not Pb is circumscribed. Cu diff
use. Pb old is contracted. Cu
swollen and tense.
[illustration] What is the action of H2O or
Cu
Sulphurettic hydrogen produces the
Heat sulphide of Cu and is sol
in dilute. [cross out] Ha
Cu is not a constit of the animal
economy only to a very limited extent.  Is is an accumulative
poson as much so as lead
[illustration]
What kind of food are
most apt to remove lead? Ans.
any kind for acid fruit. and
many of the vegetables partic
tomatoes. many of the alk veg

also remove the lead. Acid  
drinks. Cider. beer. shiny wine
Mix of Acetate of lead and sol
plum make the most of the hair
dyer and oils and give use to
most of the cerebral symp.
[illustration]
[cross out]
-Pb. Toxicology. Rec-June 1st 82-
-HgCl2
-Hg Cl2 
distinguish betwe the two
-Cu
-Ac
-Sb
Paris green. Paris contain both Ar and Cu
green must be force to
Strychnine
Morphia
Either strychnia or morphia will
be mixed with one of the metals there 
will be only one metal in the mix are 
here you have paris green. then you will
have two metals
Oxolic acid
KCh
[cross out]

In Sick acts as a strong irritant. 
In Cl acts also as an irritant and
has also a corrosive action
Cases of Bi poisoning are on record
they resemble ar quite strongly and
they were due to impurity in the Bi
and in fact all these Bi comp have
ar- due to the fact that the Bi axe
is also an arcenical one Prof Hood
says that he never examined [cross out]
a specimen of Bi without detecting
the presence of as- Tellurium is often
in comp with the Bi- and in fact
a strong odor of garlic to the hearth
which is very dist.
Sub nitrate and sal combined or
an acid may produce symp of irritant 
poison.
Cranium. this gives symp as an 
irritant.
When insol cronate is taken the
HCl of the gastric juice forms [cross out]
a sal comp and you get symp
of poison

Candy colored with chrome yellow  
coloring of gums; yellow layer surrounding
hams- have given cases
and were prohib by European countries
coloring clothing with this has given
use to cases of poisoning
Digitalis and helebore are both cumulativ
poisons-
Poisoning by Carbolic acid this is a 
decidely a corrosive poison.
The urine become dark and smokey
and a diminution of alk sulphates
Then we have gastric symp slight
fever. in severe cases are finely get
cerebral symp and convulsions
People inflicted with any septic
disease are more apt to be affected
partic young person. When introduced
sub cut as by spray produce it quite
rapidily
Test for Carbolic
1st purple color-due to sal+Fe2Cl.
2d Se+NH4HO-calcic hypo clorate is
ordinary calcic clorate

Dark color of urine is not in proportion 
to amt taken but the amt may be
approximately estimate by examining the 
sulphates. The amt carbolic absorbed
Morphine C17H19NO3 (6-15%) use 6 are the
Codiene C18H21NO3 (-1)% most import
Thebaine C19H21NO3
Pepoveuine 620H21NO4
Narcotine C22H23NO7 (6-8%)
Narceine C23H29NO9
Meconic C10H10O8
Opiamine C21H21NO7
Meconic Acid H3C7HO7 (6-0%)
Suporific Convulsive Toxicological
Narceine Thebaine Thebanie 1
Morphine Pepovensive Codeine 2
Codeine Nicotine popoveine 3
Codeine Narceine 4
Morphia Narcotine 6
Narceine Morphine 5
These are given in the order of there
power in the diff classes-

Tox June 2. 1882. 
Blue color with Fe2Cl6
Throden-reagent
orange [cross out] HNO3
In a legal case do the test with
Fe2Cl6-and in this same sol you 
can do the HNO3 test and get the 
deep orange. 
Trohdeir reagent gives the most delicate
tests for morphine
Morphia heated with H2SO4 then add
crystal of KNO3 and get a flaw of 
color-
Principal test for mecornic acid in
the fine Cl test = Blood red. color
which is not bleached by corrosive
sub in HCl
Acetate of lead. pptr the meconic acid from 
orange mix
Sublimation two for morphia is very
delicate. take a piece of Cu put on it
some morphia then put in a Cu
washer- and over the top part
a glass-shade you get the 

crystals deposited on glass slide. this 
test is good for strychnia. This test
is only applicable to pure alk not to
the sulphates
H2So8 and K2CU2O7. test are the 
principal test for strychinia
A very large amt of Morphia will
disguise the test- as will a large 
amt of KSbo T
Strychnia in sol is 1000 parts cold 2500
of hot. This is the most bitter sub known
1 gr in 10000 parts of H2O gives a very 
bitter taste
Comp sal of I2 = a very good ppting
reagent for the various kinds of alk.
First thing you do in a case of suspected
alk poisoning with convulsion
and see if you get the bitter
taste morphia does not give convulsions
in adult but does in children
Strychnia should give us color with
[cross out] HNO3 if trucia is present you get
a slight colorless.

If you have strychnia mixed with 
tarter emetic you will have to separate
strychnia by washing a little of the 
powder with chloroform acate the
fluid erup- and then do the tests
with the residue-
If Morphia is present use in the same
way. alcohol. alcohol also takes up
oxolic acid and HgCl2 but there
do not interfere with the tests for either
morphia and strychnia
The chemistry of the alk is very diff
due to large amt of organic matter and
the quant used is so small that you 
do not find dig undis in the stomach
In Drug. the drug H2SO4 removes all
the alk and sal organic matter
Opium poisoning
This is very common. due to care with
which it is obtained. Prussic strychnia
Ar. Hg. Cl2 are the only 4 poisons in 
sub which are recognized a poison
by US laws.

Laudaum resembles much tart of hubarb 
Powdered opium given for case-
Laudanum and sal of morphia are the
principal source of pain
Parggani is a frequent source in children
Action of opium is a compound one
Sleep is produced by only 3 (see but
gives two pages back.)
Narceine is more poisonous. the morphic
and does not relieve pain
Wine of opium if old has not much evacuation.
Tannic prep of opium may be
absorbed from any surface
If opium is absorbed closely we get a 
stimulant effect if rapidly more.

Tox. June 8. 1882. 
Opium.
In poisonous doses-the acts of M and
opium is similar.
Acute. Due to rapid absorp of large
doses, almost immediate, coma and
in course of 1 hr to 30 min get death
in this case pupil is dilated Rarely get
convulsions this form is rare
Common forms- sym come in 1 hr
have 1st stimulant actions. if absorp
is delayed, increased pulses excitable
dry skin and throat nausea vomiting 
itching, may be ruptured if gives an an 
empty stomach all the stage may be
wanting. 2d stage anesthesion deep
sleep. relax of muscles pupil much
contrived. not react to light
comp in sensibility last for several
hour. 6-8. 3d coma deep tortuous
respiration. pupil dilated take place
first before death. death is for
5-15 hrs
In children often get convulsions
and in adults

lower in animal seat the more fre. 
the convulsion.
Recovery is common as increases
and Two kinds of opium true sweating
during the first stage. exudation of serum during
the 2d.
Chronic (opium habit)
There is nothing marked abt this 
stage only that a person get into 
a habit so that an eminence 
amt may be taken in some case.
9℥ have been taken per day.
This usualy results in suicide
This habit is often induced by neither
giving this to children. They rarely
live to be more than two years old.
On the averge death takes place in
12-15 hrs in opium poisoning if
he has lived over 12 hrs and have
& covered from stops. prognosis is
favorable
Total dose in adult has been 1 gr
of M. 4 of 10. 1ds of laud
Children and old people are very
susceptible

Peope suffering from B without 
dropsy are very easily affected
All cases when in much pain large
doses may be taken; PM. conyer
of brain and some afflicts
hemorrhages.
Apoplexy and intoxication are the 
appearances most often taken for
opium. You can get either the odor
of [cross out] [cross out] camphorated
tinct. pepele are diff in apoplexy
and only one side paralyzed
opium both in opium and still 
you can usualy partly arouse
the patient in apoplexy you can 
not do so.
Stomach pump is the best they
emetics so good to cause the
stomach is paralysed Pain and
an electric battery no good incites
atropa not belladonna
are good to counteract the
action. Action of atropia last
for 24 opuim for 12 and if 
you give to much

atropa you may get death from  
this After exactly with acid and
alcohol-shake with bergon and
get meconic than with alcohol
and the morphia may be take for
the alcohol by shaking with H2O +
[cross out] few drop of H2SO and evap 
[cross out] Morphine resists decay
for a very long time and has
been detected [cross out] after 10 mo.
Strychnia last for the same time
Cases of several years.
Strychnia in cases detected for
death takes place so quick that
it has not been eliminated
Strychinine 
Strychnine or vox vomica are
the princple sources of the poison
Symp usualy case in for 10-20
MM due to great sol of strychnia-
the gastric juice 1st feeling of anxiety
and terror and anguish and
by some little jar-the patient is
thrown into convulsion is ever
that of patient may seat apex-

Lead and heels the face is separate 
due to interference with it 
the comes a lot up and the
face may become pale- intermission 
last for 5-15 Min. and then 
another convulsion- which if the 
case is to be fatal is longer than the 1st 
This goes on and in [cross out] adult
death takes place The 4 or 5 
convulsion if death to a convulsion
it is due to obstructed use
if during internal due to it have 
in death usual takes place-
abt one hr-Consqent time as usual 
in 6 1/2 hrs-All sub which produc a
slightly sal can hinder the absorp
and the symp- All tannic acid
comp for tannate of strychnine
opium has dmeds.
1/2 gr has produced death in 25 min
1/16 gr has killed children.
Treatment is to remove-
strychnia and the very to do it 
is to chloroform the patient
Ether and chloroform are the remedies

Tox June 9 1882. 
Tannic acid is good to give in cases of
strychnine then give chloroform chloral 
also gives releif, and should be injected
subcut. [cross out]
Surface of body is [cross out] Acid if death 
takes place during convulsion
Fingers and toes are very strongly
flexed. The post mortem acidity 
is very marked and last a very
long time All organs are congested
veins are full partic in uper part
or cord and brain and may be
of aflicted hemorrhages if the autopsy 
is made soon after death the heart is
empty and contracted digestive
organs show nothing
In children death may come
before the 4 or 5 convulsions and in
animals with only one.
Epilepsy. here previous history is
taken into account. We have only
one convulsion at a time
Intellect is lost during the fit

In strychnia the mind is clear. 
Tetanus then varies from strychnia
by the duration and progress.
In tetanus first the jaw is effected
in strychnia it is not first
and is but the convulsions are 
much larger and death is from
6-10 days.
Puerperal convulsions here the 
patient is absol unconscious and
the interval may be long or short
and as a rule the patient does
not talk inteligenty during the 
intermission. death rarely takes
place before but if child in
strychnia it does- the bitter 
taste also is noticed.
In puerperal convul- the symp
of nephritic is usualy present but
[cross out] the urine is passed invol 
and the convulsions are larger
Strychnine occurs in the crystalline
form. ambere in rapidy crystalize
neede if slow

sol in sour parts of cold. 2500 of 
boiling H2O taste in most bitter sub
known Readily sol in acids and in ppt
by alk. The salts are very sol in H2O
[cross out]
1 part of strych gives a very bitter
taste with 40000 of H2O and can
be tasted in 420,000
Insol in ether slightly sol in chlorform
slightly sal in amyls alcohol
H2SO4+K4CU2O7 detects [cross out] 10000 1 gr
Best test is the fray Test
Brucine not as bitter as strychnia and
acts similary, but is not so strong
The may be changed into brucine by
reducing agent- brucine to strychnia
by oxidation
Brucine + cane. H2SO4 + well H2O give an
orange colored juice at junction of
the water and acid (test for nitrate)
Shaken with benzoes removed shakes again
and allowed to crop. and give get a 
pretty clear- comp or strychnia

Belladonna dartura stram- 1 hyoscy amus 
niger Most cases are accidental due
to taking sal intended for external use
Alk are strophine and hyoscy aminic. these
alk are common to all this. the all parts 
of plant are poison Signs are rapid
1st dry throat 2d dilated pupil. If gives
several days or max dose it acts as
an accumulative poison. after a
time get dizziness and nausea-
locomotion is not normal patient
walk. as though drunk. have a [cross out]
eruption similar to scarlet fever-.
bladder and rectum are fairly red.
This is import for the poison may
be accumlates in this place 
and be reabsorbed. The urine
is not dims but if any thing a
little increased-
Sometime get convulsion after a
time have a gay and lively delirium
freely erupts coma-convulsions and
death after a few days although
may come often after hours

using. cinnamon-and is often unused 
in S. fever. after 24 hrs you can 
give a favorable prognosis. because
this is the limit of its action.
600 gr of leaves = 1 gr of diaphus
Renys of bell are blue and give strong
blue color
360 gr of coat = 1 gr
1/10 gr is proved fatal
Sub cut. or 3 -.005
In grm have proved fatal
Stomach pump suction purges are
all of value, tannic delays the
absorp and is only of use to dely the
effect. cold application to head and
spine
Morphia has been used to counteract
the effects and is quite good.
[illustration]
Color is increased in atrophia. dr-
O and if color 2 is livid
both dose form M.O = sleep
A = no sleep

Tox June 12 1882. 
Morphine does not act well after a large
dose of apophine and indeed a worse
than nothing- Octuphine after- large
doses of Morphia acts by contracting the
blood vessels and preventing cerebral 
congestion. PM. are not charcoal
in atrophine or belladonna We
sometimes get congestion and if the 
lungs of bell have been taken get a 
blue color.
Best test for atrophine the phys. test
sol in alcohol and the acids
Dilation of pupil come in-10-20 mins
if taken into stomach. 5-10 subcut
2-3 under eyelid. Chemical test are not
of much account
Stramonium seed are the same shape
but large and blacker than hyoscyami or
belladonna: Atrophine is quite useful
Each of these drugs have two alk
Bell has tar the light and the heavy
Indian poke- veratrum viride
This is a very common source of poison

poisoning has united active vomiting purging 
[cross out] a heart pulse 30.
Vomiting is abt. almost immediate
stomach and inter congestion and in
the climates by the kid. hyperemia is 
carried. and as it may be diluted
in the urine it should be saved
except in the case of morphia which
cannot be-
Give emetics and stimulents to
hurry up action of the heart
Buysle anyl- alchol- chlorof all
remove this from an acid solution
A little piece of this + H2SO4 = find a 
yellow finds a red
piece + HCl4 + heat = amythestic blue
Alk & sugar + HCl = 1st green then purple and
frosty blue. Phys test = staring of heat
sal in oil acids and ppt by irregen agent
Digitalis 
Acute and chronic the last or due
to the cumulative effect of the drug
Acute symp commence usual 
from 1-3 hrs

1st a feeling then we have violent 
vomiting. fear and vomitus [cross out] are green
in alle prep except the alk. this eye
is protruded and diluted and vision 
impared. lights look blue + dizzy. usualy
in case. protruded, pulse 40-50 and 
irregular, (in terotrine the pulse is not to
apt to be irregular). force of heart in increased.
vomiting due to irritation
last a long time. solution may arise
finely more or less delirum nervous
and def convulsions and death
chronic. A sort of chronic inflam of the
stomach in febrile headache for
uses. Then when the accumulative effect
take place get above symp
Heart is not always contracted
1/16 gr of alk is very dangerous.
Treatment vomits. purge. and give
stimulants. Tannin is not of much good
for it is sol.
Taste of the drug is bitter [cross out]
Digitaline + H2SO + Bromine fume gives
a purple color.

It is very sol in chlorform or chlorhydate 
Principal test is physiological test.
When the leaves are given you can seen under the
microscope two kinds of. has a long refactive 
have one seen and short reginated ones
HA is bitter the H2SO4 in dryag test
Aconite. both leaf flow and root are poison
and there are many accidental cases of
poisoning by this it is one of the more fatal
drugs known.
Symp rapid for a few min- 1 hr even when
appled xternaly always have a single uses
time in the part to which it has been applied
Intense headach- numbly a case- loss of
vision- nausea rarely vomiting. skin feels
cold, speech and vison sometimes cut
pupil at first dilated then contracted drum
in heart at 1st which this slow 40-50
death 1-8 hrs
[cross out] 31℥ of root is false 2℥ of leaf
prep of aconite vary much in strength
1/10 gr proved fatal of the alk.
Emetic, pump stram are all that
can be done.

active from sal alcohol benzol chloroform 
ether Best test is the physiological
one 1. of gr applied to tongue gives tingling 
sensation. H2SO4 gives yellow then red
after 24 hrs = colorless
Phos acid gives the same Amt of urine
a swell and here painfull bladder
nearly empty and contracted

Toxicology June 13 1882. 
Prussic acid This is classed among the
neurasthenics
Very active and fatal
Ordinary prep is a 2% sal
Chiefly suicidal and accidental
Death comes almost before glass leaves the
lips. Key is much used in the arts
and give many cases partic in the 
silver shape. absorp cherry & the
tissues. It is made firm bitter almonds
25 or parts of almonds = 6 pars of anhydrous
KCN
Bitter almond H2O = 1/2-1% of the acid
Cherry Camel Water has abt the same
All parts of cherry camel are poison
Leaves of peach several almond.
Aloe and cherry mounting ash.
apricot apple and pear-seeds.
All alk sals of prussic acid are-
poison. fine ferri and sulph cyanides
are not poison unless com
Camel with an acid 
HgCg2 very poisonous

The bitter almond itself has given 
no cases of poison
Large dose-1-2 min sign can
patient falls at once. eyes fixed prominent
glistening pupils dil and unseen
to light. Combi flexed jaw set
foaming at mouth. repentation and
limbs convulsive odor is usualy
precipitabe death very sureth in
a few min usualy person is
not seen before death
If a small dose
Symp comes in few min not pain
and dizzyness in head. Nausea
at times. Loss of muscular forms
inside of two minutes. Frothing
at mouth eyes from fixed and
from pupils dilated. Later tetanic
spasms. Cases of seven
people time of death occured from 20
min to 45.
Small dose
1st stage dizzy convulsive impart
costive and chest
2. Loss of consciousness.

convulsive invol dependence- 
3-Conv-relax of muscles paralysis
The odor of prussic acid is import
and should always be sought after
Tobacco may disguise the smell. The
loss of mus power is very import
usual come inside of 2 min usualy 
one.
Opium alcohol prussic acid may
all produce coma
prussic come very quick opium never
made of 13 mins cerebral condit is
O mg let up. P never O pupils dil
P contracted. A=odor.
P-death a few mmin. O-6-12.
A-recovery
No chronic P poisoning. External
surface is somewhat livid with are
blue-finger & toes clenched-join ret
eyes from pupils dil
On opening the body find intense
[cross out] venous congest
Liquid blood is cherry red
I3 nitric benzoic the liquid blood

is brown. the odor of the two is 
much alike Smallest dose 9/10 gr
Odor is often absent. The limit betwt
the therapeutic dose and the futil one
is very narrow
Fatal dose 1 gr-oil of bitter almonds
17 m. 2 1/2 gr of KCN is fatal
Death is from a few mins to 1 hr-
Cold apperatus to hard emetic stomach pump
dil sal of own ferric and ferrous
salts. these for Prussian blue
In doing the two for RCN the fluid
should always be a little old for a
free acid hinder the action then add
a little HCL and gr grt
The test [cross out] 2 hours-1/25,000 gr
Sulphur 1/50000 "
Silver 1/100,000 "
Contents of stomach must be disc and
fumes caught in sal of AgNo3
28 days is the longest time that
prussic acid has been detected

Pand Nete tongue-diff. 
Nete benzic has a latent fever-which
may last for several days due to
delay in absorp. because it is
slowly absorbed. if followed up with
a dose of alcohol it is rapidly absorbed
But still P is much more rapid
Both produce the same symp. in
character but not is rapidly
with excpt of blood and odor
of nitro benzen last longer
Tobacco and poisoning is a mild
form this is not uncommon to nausea
vomiting
Mertine and leaves produce diff
symp Mertine produces immediate unconsciousness
and death and it
be so rapidly absorbed that it does
not reach the stomach it is strong
alk and corrodes the tissue and can
often be detected in them. this
[cross out] sub is very sol.

The Sources of severe cases are usualy 
accidental. due to surface absorp of 
the alk through the skin
Hupping tobacco around the skin
has caused fotic cases-symp
comes 5-6 min dizzy acute pain
in stomach vomiting partial convulsions
slow respiration death
is from 10-15 min rarely purging
Some symp are produced by absorp
through skin, diff prep of tobacco
have from 2-8% of tb
12gr of leaves has proved fatal
1gr of alk is fatal
Emetics stomach pump
Stimulants artificial up is good
Odor is noticeable after death
and this is the prin test. Myers regent 
ppts it
Hemlock poison is usualy accidental
This [cross out] should closely resembles ordinary
caraway

The prep of this vary in strength 
Sup is less than 1 hr dizz paralysis
then heart and supinating muscles are
affected and artificial us is most
beneficial other muscles are affected
patent walks through during
eye lids tend to close convulsions
may occur at times comes death 
from 1-3 hrs. artifical useful
and stimulents burdy if the 
body and conjest of ham and
curd

Exuding into the surrounding tumor 
if purulent is [cross out] a chance
which fever at some point if
symp it may become [cross out]
absorbed Here also we
keep up an plan of extension
If sooner open which discharge
purulent mature we put here
to be with a case of cancer and
such a case only we may
get an arrest of dream and
a even growth of time should
bring anchylosis as we may
get a destruction of head of lice 
and perforation of acetabulum
which may cause dangerous pelvic 
abscess.- In such a case the
treatment recommended by
Sayre- Excision which should
be done as soon a the [cross out]
causes has been diagnosticated
and if performed early the trunk
that it gives the chance of 
success.

The one thing which does more 
then anything and with great success
in hip joint disease-a fever recovery
to reduce suffering and remove
irritation-extension-This [cross out] over
separates the inflamed surface and
also gives fixation of the joint
Dr Bradford gives these uses
to which it put 1st as a means
of overcoming the muscles. which
are spasmodicaly contracted
about the diseased joint. 2d as a
means of fixation of the joint
3d To seperate the liner forming
the joint. What extension whereas
form-many cases it resembles 
but that it fails at many more
is equally true. Which first is
Explained-it thinks by Dr Bradford
when he says that we get the
relief from pain-]. these cases
where we have inflamed liver
to deal with and we do not
get in those cases where the pain

comes from an inflamed and 
distended capsule. A very
common method of extension
is that known as the weight and
pully method and it is not
only well known but quite
popular. Indeed in many cases
is has been given to much
credit Dr Bradford says =
regard to the means of extension
that if are visit the wards
of a hospital at midnight he
will find the patients giving
us all sorts of positions some
burned over on the fires-
and then legs being exposed=
such a manner that the extensor
is removed from the hip to the 
knee: [cross out]
[cross out]
It has when afflicted
in this manner one virtue. it
confines the patient to the bed
and in those cases where it

pain is so severe as to prevent all 
movement. not severe- its purpose
quite well-Yet taken a a [cross out]
while incoherent any regulating afection
is as a means of extension 
imperfect cure-[cross out]
it is incapable of previewing the
parallelism of the limbs and 
you patient may receive with
a deformity which is as bad as
an amputation. But combined
with thorough means of prussic 
it is a most excellent agent
What has been good of this
is also true of the phy enlarged
method of Hutchinson
[cross out] In which the extension
is furnished by the set of the leg
The patient being put in crutches
and a high shoe. Here in
young children we have a chance
of all sorts of accidents which
may resemble the old or keep
up the present inflamation

They will often step-the foot 
pains-the inflam be of a sal
acute from and [cross out] the act does
not produce much pain or
the will flex to knee and have
in the affected part.-Here being
the wt-the diseased joint
in these very ad-[cross out] the
afflict to patient who have awaked
the year of diseases.-Walking
but the limb then causing water 
of the joint-[cross out] short they are
liable to see ruts of accidents 
and when setting the extension
to a great extent removed 
and you get in almost every
act a slight movement in
the joint
Thomas of Leavesport mentions
a splint which gives the perfect
fixation and at the same
time permits of locomotion
It consists of an L shaped
splint. The care free being so

bent or to Enclose the chest and 
as it is usually made there are
two cases follow-The upper coming
just below the amyles of scapulae
and the lower is put above out of 
ileum. These are covered-with
a strong covering which extends for
one to the other and either lower
around the chest a-found
while the long arm is fitted to the
curves of the leg to which it is
firmly bandaged
Tayloring long extension often
is much used and is of great service
particularly as a increase of Extension
and protecting the joint for [cross out]
concussion and keeping the inflamed
surfaces apart. It is also to a great 
extent is very good means of fixation
of the joint but in the formation
it holds only as 2 day powers
It does not prevent turning
in sleep or the rotation of the limb
and it also has the [cross out]
inconvenience of being put in with

a plaster and is some about leaves 
But it does preserve the
portions of the limbs and
although it does permit if very
slight motion. The joint since
is constantly is extending the 
limb- it tends to keep the 
inflamed surface opate and
according to some certain
[cross out] good mention under the
circumstance is not partic
impervious. After all painful
cases absolute fixation-lead
and with either-will breeches
or as a splint similar to the 
one inserted by Dr Haton of
this city-a Treatment use
are forced to relapse and-are 
which-some claimed by good
authorities Under this treatment
fever will diminish-and the 
child often gains in flesh
and strength that we should
always get them out into it

on a same a paralle 
In it the treatmet of all cases use
here to excuse much judgement
and no definite rule can be consider
for the treatment of the disease.
but it must be dictated by the 
experience and judgement of the 
surgeon Dr Bradford sums the
matter up as follow-

 
 

  
 

  
 

  
 

  
 

  
 

Lotic hydrogyn flava = 1 of Hg2Cl2 to 300 of CaHO 
" " mgrs 1 of HgCL " 60 " "