in the rat and in many other rodents.

Pineal gland has a rather superficial 

location which makes it easy to 

reach surgically on this 

superior view of the head of the rat,

the superior sagittal sinus and the transfer 

sinuses are projected.

The pineal gland is located just 

underneath the confluence of these sinuses.

These relationships are shown again on 

this mid sagittal section of the brain.

The following structures can be recognized.

The scalp,

the skull,

the superior sagittal sinus,

with its division into the transverse 

sinuses,

the corpus callosum,

the posture,

your comma sure,

the superior and inferior 

caligula 

and the cerebellum.

The pineal gland is indicated,

located just underneath the confluence of 

sinuses.

The pioneer retains a connection with the brain 

By a long 10uous stock.

The pineal gland can therefore be easily reached 

by drilling a small hole in the skull.

A watchmakers forceps can then be 

introduced through this opening to 

grasp the pineal,

the gland and its stock can be 

removed in one motion.

In addition to the usual surgical instruments 

such as forceps scissors and wound clips.

two Important pieces of equipment are necessary.

A stereotype head holder 

and especially devised circular 

drill,

the head holder is used to keep the rats head 

absolutely immovable.

This is necessary as any movement will destroy the 

precision required during 

the pineal ectomy procedure 

to hear bars are inserted into the ear 

canals while a 

clamp and clearly holds the snout 

firmly.

The circular drill is used to cut a small disc 

of bone out of the skull.

It is made of a short stainless steel 

tube Bearing Sharp Teeth 

at one end and mounted on an 

ordinary dental drill.

A collar is fitted around the drill 

adjusted to the desired depth of cut.

After being anesthetized,

the rat is placed in the stereotype axis holder 

and the beer bars are inserted into the ear 

canals,

and the nose client is vertically adjusted 

to obtain the desired angle.

The scalp is inside from between the 

eyes to beyond the base of the skull.

The skin flaps are then reflected laterally,

and the underlying fascia and muscles are 

scraped free in an area wider than 

the diameter of the drill collar.

At this point the large venous 

sinuses of the brain are visible through the skull.

The superior sagittal sinus is indicated 

and post eerily.

It is seen to divide into the right and the left 

transfers sinuses.

The drill is centered on the confluence of sinuses.

A hole is drilled to a depth set 

by the adjustment of the collar.

The optimal depth of cut should be 

not quite equal to the thickness of the skull.

The disk still adherent to the 

dura can be removed With a 

delicate force it.

The sinuses are then readily exposed.

Although the pineal gland is not visible,

it is now easy with a little practice 

to remove it.

An open pair of watchmakers forceps is 

inserted into the junction of the sinuses,

grasping the stock and removing the 

gland and a stop in one motion.

The white pineal gland is about one half 

millimeter in diameter and is 

unmistakable,

excessive hemorrhage is prevented by 

moderate compression of the wound with a cotton 

pad.

The bone disk is returned to its original 

location,

and possible infection is controlled by 

application of a potted self,

a compound.

The skin flaps are united by wound clips 

with the aid of a head holder and the 

special drill.

This Pineal ectomy procedure can be done in 

1-2 minutes per animal.