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THERAPEUTICS

     OF THE

EYE AND EAR.
         LIBRARY
AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR HOMOEOPATHY 
\ 
           LIBRARY
AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR HOMOEOPATHY
       THERAPEUTICS

            OF THE
Eye    and   Ear.
AN ELEMENTARY MANUAL
                 BY

       O. IT. VILAS, M.A., M.D.,

PROFESSOR OF DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR IN THE HAHNEMANN MEDICAL
  COLLEGE, AND CLINICAL PROFESSOR OF EYE AND -EAR DISEASES IN THE
   HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS; PRESIDENT OF THE
     WESTERN ACADEMY, OF HOMOEOPATHY; PRESIDENT OF THE
       AMERICAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL AND OTOLOGICAL
        SOCIETY; AUTHOR OF "SPECTACLES, AND
          HOW TO CHOOSE THEM "; " THE OPH-
            THALMOSCOPE, ITS THEORY
             AND PRACTICAL USES ,"
                ETC., ETC.
WITH A REPERTORY OF THE EYE.
        CHICAGO:
   W. A. CHATTERTON.
A. L. Chattertox Pub. Co., New York.
          1883.
           LIBRARY
AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR HOMOEOPATHY 

SS3
c1   ^
Entered according to Act of Congress, :n the year 1883, by
              C. H. VILAS,  M.D.,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress,  at Washington.
<J?^ 
THIS  MANUAL
                           IS DEDICATED TO

                The Alumni and Students of the

       Hahnemann Medical  College  and  Hospital,

                         Chicago,  Illinois ;

In remembrance of the many  happy hours  spent together  in the Lecture Halls;
  In appreciation of the interest shown in the Hospital drill, and in especial
       recognition of the uniform courtesy, kindness and  affection  ever
                            extended to
the author. 
 
Preface.
   When the author began his teaching  of  diseases  of  the
eye and ear as part of a regular  medical education  at  the
Hahnemann Medical College and  Hospital, of Chicago, he
found no text-book adapted to the wants of beginners.  This
volume is the outgrowth  of  some notes then made on  the
therapeutics of the eye and ear, and printed  for the author's
convenience as a teacher.   Published  for the use  of  his
students they found  favor  to an extent beyond what he
deemed their merits, and he allowed them to be sold  to  the
profession.
   They were never designed as, or thought to  be, complete,
or necessarily original, but aids embracing that which  the
author considered  ought  to be understood by the pupils en-
trusted  to his  teaching.   To them  he from time to time
added a fuller outline of the commoner diseases, and  al-
though  including   but a limited  number of  the diseases
known to the intelligent specialist, he believes that the text
comprises as many as will  be mastered  in the time now
allotted to a general medical education.  Diseases of  the
lens,  choroid, retina,  optic  nerve,  orbit,  sclera,  vitreous 
8                       PREFACE.
humor, etc., are omitted  for this reason, as well as that the
author believes that they should not be treated  by one who
is unfamiliar with advanced teaching and  constant practice.
Good specialists are now to be found in all the great centers
of population, and with the present  facilities  of  access the
day has gone by when the general practitioner is compelled
to assume the charge of such diseases.

  At the College  and Hospital, however, these notes have  at
all  times  been supplemented  by clinical teaching  demon-
strating the  great majority of  all known diseases, and the
witnessing of the  operations incidental  to all branches of the
art.  Used there and carried home by the  students who from
year to year  left  this medical  center, and  by them found
valuable  since they became practitioners, many of his old
pupils have requested the publication  of  the notes in book-
form ; from which it is  hoped that this volume will prove
valuable to the general practitioner who, though he shun  all
operations, is compelled from the nature  of the  diseases  to
treat many of them until such  time as the  patients can  be
sent to a specialist in these diseases.

   No endeavor, therefore, has  been made to  get up a large
volume, but  one  as practical as possible.  To this end the
author has condensed his expressions,  avoided technicalities,
and not given many remedies in the text, confining himself 
                         PREFACE.                       9
to those which he has found most useful in his own practice.
Those  who desire  more  should  search  the Repertory and
complete works, or refer the case to one  who  makes  an ex-
clusive  study of the eye and ear, branches of the medical art
rightly  relegated to practitioners  specially qualified in them.

   The question  of the curability of diseases  by internal  rem-
edies alone has not been touched upon by the author, because
he is of the opinion that those who depend on internal med-
ication  alone will never cure all cases which  might be cured
were  they treated  with  all  the means at  our command.
While isolated cases of  reported cures by methods not of a
safe nature, or general application, may interest our atten-
tion,  test our credulity or excite our admiration, they should
not induce the hasty displacement of those  means of time-
tried  value;  neither  should  those  of acknowledged  world-
wide applicability be smothered with ill-considered adulation
of the as yet partially proven, or less valuable, remedies.

   It is not of  any practical moment whether diagnoses are
made in Latin or some other language, so that the trouble is
understood and  intelligently treated; but as Latin or Greek
are universal languages in which  names  for the diseases of
the eye  and ear are found, the author has adopted them, or
their derivatives, for  headings, to ensure uniformity.  But
the English  names,  when there are any,  have  also  been 
10                      PREFACE.
given to facilitate a practical familiarity with diseases which
might not otherwise be quickly recognized.

  The author desires to express his thanks to Geo. W. Dunn,
M.D., of Atlanta, 111., for his labors in the preparation of
the Repertory of  the Eye:  and to his assistant, Dr. F. A.
Stevens, for his aid  in proof-reading while  the volume was
passing through the  press.

  The attention of  the profession, and of  the laity too, is
being rapidly drawn to the great value of the eye  and ear
in diagnosticating occult diseases of the general system, by
reason of the great number of ophthalmic and otic diseases
associated with the latter.  The connection of eye complaints
with diseases of the  kidneys is now acknowledged, and diag-
nostic often; with those of the uterus thoroughly established,
and in many forms  of uterine complaint valuable  in  diag-
nosis ; with those of the brain fully  recognized, etc.; and
diseases of the ear  are being slowly unfolded in their rela-
tion to the  same  organs.   While such  knowledge  must
largely ever remain  in the possession of the  specialist,  for
life is short and art immeasurable, in the  years  which the
author hopes  are yet before  him, the confidence  reposed in
him by the profession, with the experience gained in private
practice, in the frequent visitmg  of the great hospitals  of
the world,  and in the management of  one of the largest  eye 
PREFACE.
11
and ear clinics in the great cities, may encourage the publi-
cation of a volume which will be exhaustive and warrant a
claim to originality.
  In  the  meantime, however, he  begs to  express his full
appreciation of the many kindnesses and words of encourage-
ment which  have been so generously extended him, and to
trust that some aid may be gained from this  little volume,
as well  as from those which have gone before it.

  Chicago,
       January, 1883. 
 
Contents.
                OCULAR  THERAPEUTICS.
Introduction,    --.....   ig
 The Cornea:
      Keratitis,
          "     Suppurativa,
          "     Vaseulosa,
          "     Parenchymatosa,
          "     Phlyctenularis,
      Internal Remedies,

 The Iris:
      Iritis,
        "  Plastica,
        "  Serosa,
        "  Parenchymatosa,
      Irido-Cyclitis,
      Myosis,
      Mydriasis,
      Irido-Choroditis,
      Internal Remedies,

The Conjunctiva:
      Conjunctivitis,
           "     Catarrhalis,  -
           "     Purulenta,
25
28
30
3°
31
32
37
38
38
39
40
42
42
43
44
52
52
54 
14
CONTENTS.
       Conjunctivitis Granulosa,
             "      Diphtheritica,
             "      Phlyctenularis,
       Pterygium,   -
       Internal Remedies,  -

Glaucoma :
       Glaucoma,   -
       Internal Remedies,  -

Local Applications :
       Mydriatics,   -
       Myositics,    -
       Miscellaneous,

Refraction  and Accommodation :
       Elementary  Definitions,
       Asthenopia Accommodativa et Muscularis
       Astigmatismus,
       Myopia,      -
     .  Hypermetropia,
       Presbyopia,   -
       Spectacles, or Lenses,

The Lids :
       General Definitions,  -
       Blepharitis Ciliaris, -
       Internal Remedies, -

Lachrymal Apparatus :
       Dacryo-Cystitis,
       Dacryo-Blenorrhcea, -
       Internal Remedies, -
Injuries,
      To  the Globe, 
CONTENTS.
      From Quicklime,
        "   Acids,
        "   Burns and Scalds,
        "   Foreign  Bodies,

Tumors,
      In General,  -
      Minor Lid-Tumors, -
                  AURAL  THERAPEUTICS

 External Ear:
       The Auditory Canal,
       Furunculi,    -
       Eczema,     -
       Internal Remedies,  -       -  ■    .
       Otitis Parasitica,    -
       The Auricle,       -

 Middle  Ear:
       Otitis Acuta Media Catarrhalis,
         "     "     "   Purulenta,
       Internal Remedies,  -       -      -      -
       Otitis Chronica Media Catarrhalis, -
               "       "    Purulenta,  -
       Consequences of Chronic Inflammation,
       Mastoid Complications,
       Internal Remedies, -       -             -
       Methods of Inflation,
      Artificial  Membrana Tympani,

Internal Ear:
      Nervous Deafness,  ....
      Tinnitus Aurium,   ....
      Deaf-Mutism,      .... 
1G                       CONTENTS.
Repertory of the Eye, -
      Remarks and Explanations,
147
230
Index,
 
OCULAR THERAPEUTICS. 
 
Ocular   Therapeutics.
INTRODUCTION.
  It is of the utmost importance in eye diseases to be able
to make  a  correct diagnosis.  There  are  certain leading
symptoms which may indicate  the disease,  and  give a clue
to its origin.
  Thus a patient  who seeks  advice  about his  eyes  will
generally lay stress upon

  a. Some external inflammatory or  irritative symptoms;
  b. Defective sight alone;
  c. A squint or some other disfigurement, or inability to
       open or to shut the lids;
  d. Or pain may be the chief or only symptom.

A.  When there are symptoms of external  irritation or in-
     flammation.
  I. If there is watering, photophobia, or swelling of the 
20
INTRODUCTION.
  lids, with or without redness of the  eye, and defective
  sight:
Carefully look  for foreign bodies,  such as bits of  coal,
  etc., in the cornea or in the folds  of transmission of the
  conjunctiva.   If on or embedded  in the former, a  spud
  may be necessary to  remove them;  if on  the  latter  a
  touch  of the index  finger, or a  bit  of  twisted paper,
  will remove them.
Examine the lids for  ophthalmia  tarsi, styes, irregular
  growth of  the lashes,  meibomian and  other  tumors.
  Eczematous  patches are  often found on the  lids in
  phlyctenular  troubles.   These also extend to the malar
  region  of the face  and nose,  and not infrequently to
  the ears.
Crusts may be found on the lids, exposing, on removal, an
  inflamed edge of the lids (blepharadenitis).
Look at the inner surface of the lower lids; if there be
  thickening or redness, evert and  examine  also  the
  upper lid (for granular disease).
To evert  the upper lid (eversion is  not required for the
  lower one) seize hold of the lashes with the thumb and
  finger and draw it out  from the  globe, then place the
  tip of the forefinger of the other hand about its center,
  to  act  as a fulcrum  and, telling the patient  to  look
  down, quickly turn the lid up  and over.
A lid elevator is of no value in looking at conjunctival
  troubles, but it is useful in those  of  a corneal  nature.
  Sometimes it  may be found  necessary to give  chloro-
  form or  ether to quiet children  in   corneal  or iritic
  trouble. 
INTRODUCTION.
21
Examine the surface of the eyeball  carefully as to degree
  and character of  congestion, whether local or general,
  affecting the exposed or only the covered  parts, due to
  superficial, tortuous, bright red vessels  (conjunctivitis),
  or to deeper, straighter, pink or purplish vessels (ulcers
  of cornea, iritis, cyclitis).  Spots  or pustules, with local
  congestion may be present  (phlyctenular  ophthalmia).
The cornea may show one  or  more spots or patches  of
  opacity (injuries, foreign bodies  and ulcers of cornea),
  or  be hazy all  over  (keratitis), or show a number  of
  minute dots at its lower part (keratitis punctata).
The chief symptom  may  be  persistent watering of one
  eye (lachrymal obstruction, etc.,) slight soreness, blink-
  ing, a little watery or gummy discharge,  and inability
  to use the eyes long, or to bear bright light  or strong
  winds (mucocele, hypermetropia, myopia, asthenopia).
II.  The  chief  symptom  may be  discharge with  con-
  gestion of the eye and lids (conjunctivitis);
Or spasmodic closure of the lids and photophobia (corneal
  diseases).
III.  Defect of  sight may  be especially complained of,
  with  more or  less inflammatory signs  and with  or
  without severe pain.
Examine  the  cornea for  ulcers and other haziness; the
  pupil for size, mobility and clearness;  and the iris for
  color and general appearance (iritis, glaucoma).
Feel the  tension and ascertain roughly the condition  of
  the visual field and note accurately the  near and distant
  sight. 
INTRODUCTION.
 The complaint is of defective sight in one or both eyes
   Wxthout other symptoms.
Such symptoms, whether symmetrical or unilateral, may
  indicate an  error  of  refraction or accommodation, or
  opacity of some of the media, or disease of the choroid,
  retina or optic nerve.
Ascertain whether  one or both  eyes are  affected;  the
  duration of the defect,  and under what circumstances
  as regards the distance of objects and brightness of light
  it is  most observed.
(Remember that defect of one  eye often remains undis-
  covered for years  until attention is accidentally drawn
  to it).
Is the failure of sight related to bad health or  to pain
  in the head (albuminuric retinitis, optic neuritis,' or
  atrophy).
Take  the near  and distant vision,  examine the  trans-
  parency  of  the  cornea,  lens  (cataract),  and vitreous,
  the  color and appearance of  the hides  and the size,
  shape  and mobility of  the pupils (iritis,) and try the
  tension of the eyes (glaucoma).
If the media  are clear, the iris  and pupil healthy,  and
  the ophthalmoscopic  appearances normal, examine the
  refraction and accommodation  (hypermetropia, myopia,
  presbyopia,  paralysis  of  accommodation).
(Remember that presbyopia with  hypermetropia  causes
  great defect both for  distant and near objects).
If opacity of vitreous or lens be suspected or proved, or if
  the  defect of sight is not remedied  by glasses, it  is
  usually best at once to  dilate  the  pupil with atropine 
INTRODUCTION.
23
  and  make a more  thorough  ophthalmoscopic  exami-
  nation.
(It is necessary  to  examine the  fundus carefully by the
  erect image in all doubtful cases).
If the  disk  appears markedly oval either before or after
  the use of atropine, astigmatism is to be suspected.
As to atropine, it is, as a rule, far better to use it (to  the
  extent of  dilating the pupil)  than by examining with a
  small pupil to run the  risk of overlooking small  but
  important changes  in  the  lens, vitreous  or fundus.
  The necessity for its use will depend very much on the
  skill of the observer and on how  much time he  can
  spend over the case; for the larger the pupil  the more
  easily and quickly is the fundus explored.
When  the sight is pretty good  the  patient should always
  be warned that the atropine will dilate the pupil  and
  make  the sight dim for a  day or  two, or  even much
  longer.  Hydro-bromate of homatropine, one grain to
  the  ounce  of  distilled  water, is superior  to  atropia
  sulphate  for such  purpose,  as the  pupil contracts in
  much less time.
When  there are  changes  in the optic  disc or reason to
  suspect disease of the optic nerve, the color perception
  should be tested.
If the  complaint is of double vision, ascertain by closing
  one eye whether it is binocular or monocular; monocu-
  lar diplopia or polyopia is rare,  aud is recognized by
  the  persistence of  the symptoms  when  one  eye  is
  closed.  Its exact pathology  is not understood. 
24                   INTRODUCTION.
C.  There is a squint or some other disfigurement or inability
      to open the lids (ptosis, blepharospasm).
  Inability to  close them (paralysis of facial  nerve);  or
     defective movement of the globe in one  or  the other
     direction (muscular paralysis) ;  or prominence of  one
     or both eyes (proptosis, Basedow's or Graves'  disease);
     or the eyelids are swollen but not inflamed (emphysema,
     orbital tumors).
  In myopia the eyes are often prominent, and if the myopia
     is one sided, this appearance may be unsymmetrical.

D. Pain is the  chief or only symptom complained of.
  Note whether it is referred to the eyeball or  to the fore-
     head or temple, etc.;  whether periodic  and  unrelated
     to use of the eyes (neuralgia), or irregular in  onset and
     related to  general health, or distinctly related to use of
     the eyes (myopia, hypermetropia, asthenopia).
  Test the sight carefully and make a careful  ophthalmo-
     scopic examination in all  cases.   Atropine,  as a rule,
     will not be needed. 
THE CORNEA.
25
THE  CORNEA.
                      KERATITIS.
                   Inflammation of the Cornea.
                    Synonym: Corneitis.
  Chief  Causes. — Inflammation  of  adjacent parts;  bad
nutrition;  constitutional disease;  injuries;  exposure.
  Symptoms more or less attendant on all varieties:
     1. Ciliary irritation;
     2. Rosy zone  of vessels  around corneal  margin, with
         conjunctival congestion;
     3. Contraction of pupil;
     4. Pain;
     5. Photophobia and lachrymation;
     6. Impaired vision.
  Classification  arbitrary but for convenience divided  into
     a. Suppurative;
     b. Vascular;
     c. Interstitial (synonyms:  parenchymatous ; diffuse) ;
     d. Pustular (synonyms:  phlyctenular; herpes  of  the
         cornea).
  Note.__Keratitis may involve whole or part of  the cornea,
and is named according to the predominant kind of inflam-
mation present.
  Opacities are frequently the result of keratitis.  Are super-
ficial and  deep;  former  affecting epithelium—generally 
26
THE  CORNEA.
curable;  latter  affecting  parenchyma — seldom  curable.
Faint superficial  opacity is  called neubla; when Bowman's
or the anterior elastic layer,  is affected,  albugo; when  the
deeper layers  are affected and white, leucoma;  when  com-
bined with prolapse and adhesion of iris, leucoma adherens.
   An opacity may be so situated as  to be no  hinderance to
vision, or it may shut out  vision  wholly or in  part.  May
cause cross-eye,  nystagmus, etc.   If unsightly, it  may be
stained  with india-iuk, but the operation is dangerous, unless
carefully performed by one  who is  thoroughly conversant
with  eye  diseases.   Cloudiness of  cornea may be due  to
glaucoma, serous  iritis, irido-choroiditis, or other disease,  the
cornea being secondarily implicated, and the real cause over-
looked.    This is  a  common error, involving loss of sight in
many cases.
   The cornea becomes turbid, swollen and thinned ; it may
burst and contents prolapse, forming  a staphyloma.  Corneal
curvature thus becomes astigmatic, and the vision becomes
damaged  or destroyed, or the globe  may become so mis-
shapen and deformed as to be wholly sightless.  Hence  the
caution  to prevent  intraocular pressure  by bandage or by
iridectomy.
   A staphyloma  may  necessitate the removal  of the  eye,
for fear of sympathetic ophthalmia  of the companion eye.
Some prefer  to  excise the anterior portion  of the globe,
evacuate the contents,  and bringing  together  the remnants
form  a  good  stump  for  the  wearing of an  artificial eye.
(Operation called abcitsio corneal et evacuatio bulbi).  This
operation, however, is  not free from the danger of sympa-
thetic trouble  and may cause it. 
THE CORNEA.
27
  Ulcers may close up, leaving only slight superGcial opaci-
ties or no result of inflammation, or they may burst through
suddenly carrying with the rush of the aqueous humor  the
iris, which becoming entangled in the wound in the process
of healing forms an anterior synechia;  or if opening be
large, the iris may bulge through and adhering around  the
margin of the opening form a staphyloma.   Either of these
accidents, and especially  the  last, is  dangerous in that it
may lead to sympathetic irido-cyclitis, (which see).  The rela-
tion of  the parts  becomes greatly changed also, even though
temporarily,  in these accidents; and when,  if such happens,
they return to their positions, they may be greatly damaged.
The anterior lens capsule may become cataractous.
   Old chronic indolent ulcers, showing little  disposition to
heal,  may sometimes be advantageously gently  touched with
weak silver nitrate to  stimulate them.
   Caution.— Use  no nitrate of  silver or other  irritant, or
preparation of lead, in acute keratitis.
   Superficial opacities will generally get  well independently
of remedial aid, but are accelerated  by the proper  remedy.
Local irritants judiciously used  will  also hasten the tissue
changes, but must be  cautiously used, if  at  all.  Internal
remedies carefully selected will  often  hasten these changes.
The Repertory should  be  carefully  studied for  the  indica-
tions.
   Pannus  is  a superficial  non-inflammatory vascular opacity
of  the  cornea.    The  term  is  often  applied  to  acute  and
chronic vascular keratitis, new tissue still  being  in process
of formation.   The disease  is tedious in its  course,  and a
complete cure seldom.  It is caused by  granular conjunc- 
28
THE  CORNEA.
tivitis, inverted lashes or  other  irritating substances, and
requires a thorough knowledge and  careful study to cure.
Canthoplasty is often advisable.  Hot and cold applications,
syndectomy and remedies  should be carefully  studied and
tried previous to any of the severer means.   Inoculation of
purulent matter is a final resort.  This artificial disease is
then allowed to run its course unchecked, and not  unfre-
quently is followed by the most brilliant results.


              KERATITIS  SUPPURATIVA.
               Suppurative Inflammation of the Cornea.
  Characterized by the inflammatory infiltration becoming
changed  into pus, and appearing as a yellow opacity in the
corneal tissue.  It  may be limited, or the entire  cornea
become a yellow necrosed mass.
  Chief Causes are the same as in the other forms.   It often
supervenes  on corneal incisions in the old or feeble.    Fre-
quently follows  in corneal cataract  operations, especially
when the cornea has been  bruised, and is sequent to severe
forms of  conjunctivitis.   Paralysis  of fifth pair of nerves,
rendering cornea anaesthetic, and retarding nutrition, is also
a cause.
  Note.—An  abscess is suppuration enclosed  by  corneal
tissue; an  ulcer is formed  by  an abscess opening.   Ulcers
also occur superficially without previous abscess, and vary in
form, size and depth.  Keratocele (hernia of the cornea) is
formed by  an ulcer  penetrating to fourth layer (Descemet's
membrane)  of the  cornea, when latter bulges forward filled 
THE  CORNEA.
29
with aqueous  humor from the intra-ocular  pressure, and
generally perforates.
  When pus  sinks  beneath the plates of the cornea, it is
called onyx (or unguis); when found in the anterior chamber,
hypopion.  Both may exist  at  same  time.   The  pus may
become absorbed or require to be evacuated.
  When the suppuration is attended with little or no irrita-
tion and no  vessels, it  is especially dangerous, the  cornea
rapidly dying.   The prognosis is more or less favorable,
according as the ulcer is superficial or deep-seated.
  Local Treatment.—In  the beginning, atropine (see Local
Applications,) and rest.   Eserine  may be also often used to
advantage, and  in  some obstinate  cases may be curative
when atropine seems to fail.  It is also to be used when the
perforation is  near the periphery,  as it will then draw the
iris away from the  wound by  stimulating its contractility.
Later, and not too late, in the case of  extensive suppuration,
it may be  necessary to reduce the  intra-ocular tension  by
paracentesis or  iridectomy.   Large  ulcers  should  not  be
allowed to burst, but paracentesis be performed through their
base.  Pus need not be evacuated except in hypopion,  seldom
then.   Remedies will control  these  troubles.  If  the iris
prolapse, snip it off with scissors.  Saemische's operation is
sometimes valuable, and  may  save  the sight  if judiciously
performed when indicated.   This operation consists in en-
tering the  anterior  chamber with preferably a von Graefe's
cataract knife in the healthy tissue on one side of the ulcer,
again penetrating and bringing out the  knife  through the
opposite corresponding portion of the healthy cornea, and
then " letting the knife  cut itself  out" by a sawing  motion 
30
THE  CORNEA.
through the ulcer.  Atropine with a pressure bandage should
then be used.   Hot water also  not only relieves pain, but
promotes the efficacy of the atropine, and assists in the pro-
cess of healing.   The pressure bandage is of the greatest
value, and  should not be neglected.   In the neuro-paralytic
form the protective bandage will suffice.  (See Bandaging.)
  General Treatment is all-important.  The disease produces
great drain on the system, and careful  diet and all tonic
influences should be used,   The patient should be kept very
quiet, and if the disease is severe, in bed.
                                 «

               KERATITIS  VASCULOSA.
                Vascular Inflammation of the Cornea.
  Characterized by gray  opacity of, and development  of
vessels on,  the roughened surface of the cornea.
  Note. — The loss of  the epithelium, which  may ensue,
causes great pain from the exposure of the nerves.
  Local Treatment.—Protection and rest  of  eyes, and  atro-
pine.   Perhaps cold applications.   Canthoplasty is sometimes
necessary in extreme cases.


           KERATITIS  PARENCHYMATOSA.
              Parenchymatous Inflammation of the Cornea.
         Synonyms:  Diffuse Keratitis ; Interstitial Keratitis.
   Characterized by moderate infiltration of the cornea with
an  opaque  grayish or yellowish-white product, generally
beginning  at the margin and  advancing toward  the center,
causing swelling and diffuse cloudiness.  Infiltration shows 
THE CORNEA.
31
little  inclination  to  break down, and  usually  collects in
extensive, cloudy and distinctly-marked spots.  These opac-
ities may vary all  the  way from slight diffuse cloudiness to
density,  the cornea then looking like ground glass.
   Note.—-The  surface  may, but usually does not, retain its
smooili  appearance.   Epithelium  generally lost,  vessels
appearing  on  the surface.   Often found  with  hereditary
syphilis, when  there  are  also present the peculiar  notched
teeth, the upper central incisors of the permanent set, and
the peculiar physiognomy.   Disease apt  to  be very tedious,
but will  recover.   Cornea in rare cases  is so covered with
vessels as to look  red, like an extravasation of blood.
   Local Treatment.—Atropine  at times does  well, other
times seems to injure; much benefit often  from daturine,
when atropine does not do well.   Eserine may be used when
the mydriatics do not do  well.  Protection and rest of eyes.


           KERATITIS   PHLYCTENULARIS.
               Phlyctenular Inflammation of the Cornea.
        Synonyms:  Herpes Ophthalmicus ; Pustular Keratitis.
   Characterized by circumscribed inflammatory nodules in the
superficial layers  of the  cornea, most often  at the margin,
singly or in groups.
   Chief Causes.—Particularly  associated with   the weak,
nervous  and badly-nourished.  Often epidemic.  Seen in con-
nection with the eruptions of herpes, eczema,etc, in the course
of trifacial nerve.  Irritations of ciliary  nerves through the
trifacial, or direct.  Often associated with nasal catarrh.
   Note.__Vesicles form  on these nodules and burst, forming 
32
THE  CORNEA.
ulcers ;  or they may result directly from loss of tissue on the
nodules.   Photophobia  and  pain  generally  very  marked,
former seemingly out of all proportion to the  inflammation.
Often  combined  with pustular  conjunctivitis.  Secretions
from  the  eye acrid, irritating and burning  the parts  in
contact.  The disease is very apt to recur, and  is much more
serious than when it attacks the  conjunctiva  alone, though
the two forms often co-exist.
  Local Treatment.—Protective bandage and  atropine are
generally sufficient to cure a mild case.  Where the disease
seems  firmer  seated, and there is much photophobia and
lachrymation, the patient (especially if  a  child) being in-
clined to bury the head in the clothes, or force it down upon
the chest, a  compress bandage may be  needed.   Proper and
judicious use of the finest powdered calomel, carefully dusted
on, is often of the highest advantage.  Absolute  cleanliness
of the lids and eye is essential and must be insisted on.
  It is entirely needless to keep a case dragging along by the
use of internal remedies when the disease  is purely local;
but when the system is at fault at the same time, as it  often
is, all needed attention must be given to building up the pa-
tient, or local remedies will fail of effecting a cure.


                Internal  Remedies.
  Aconitum napellus will be  found useful  in  ulceration  of
the cornea,  when characteristic  symptoms are present, and
the patient is restless, thirsty  and feverish.   A dry condition
of the conjunctiva is a marked indication.   Ulcers due  to
injury call for this remedy. 
THE CORNEA.
33
   Apis mellifica is indicated when there are stinging pains,
with  a swollen,  oedematous  condition   of  the  lids.   A
tendency to swelling of all the adjacent parts is well marked
in the condition referred to, accompanied  by the character-
istic stinging pains.   Chemosis is well met by Apis.
   Argentum nitricum is a standard remedy in the ulceration
of the cornea often attendant on the form of  conjunctivitis
known as ophthalmia neonatorum.
   Care should  be taken that it  is not given  too  low.   It
should be accompanied by the local treatment indicated under
this trouble, and in this combination will be found  to attain
to as near a specific as is possible for this disease.
   Arsenicum has been us.-d to great advantage in those forms
in which the ulceration is accompanied by profuse and burn-
ing lachrymation with intense photophobia.  The pains are
worse at night, and are burning and sticking.
   The lids are  often  spasmodically closed, excoriated by the
acrid lachrymation, and swollen.
   Calcarea  carbonica has proven one of the most useful of
all remedies.
   It seems especially adapted to the form  occurring in fat,
unhealthy children, with pot-belly, who are extremely liable
to colds.
   The scrofulous diathesis especially seems to call for this
remedy.
  Chamomilla maybe used to quiet cross, peevish children, but
beyond this, has not been of any efficient  service internally.
  China has been used  in  weak,  exsanguined  persons  with
benefit.
       3 
34
THE CORNEA.
  Cimicifuga (and Spigelia, which see,) has been found val-
uable in wandering, shooting pains in connection with deep
ulceration.
  Conium maculatum has one  decided value, that of reliev-
ing the marked photophobia in  superficial ulceration  of the
cornea,  whereby  the terminal filaments of the nerves in
Bowman's layer of the cornea become exposed.
  This  trouble is one  of  the  commonest  and severest in
apparently slight  ulceration, for on  casual  inspection there
seems to be  but little cause for the intense pain, there being
little or no redness of the conjunctiva.
  The pain  in such cases seems wholly out of  proportion to
the lesions, yet such is not the  case on a close inspection.
  The lids are usually  closed spasmodically, and on  being
opened the tears gush forth.   The body is bent upon  itself,
and the head often held down firmly upon the  body.
  Euphrasia has enjoyed a reputation in these troubles appar-
ently little warranted by the results attained.   Its sphere of
action is in another class of troubles, those of the conjunctiva.
  Graphites is a valuable remedy, and when the  indications
are  met, yields  gratifying  results.   Corneal  ulcerations
occurring in scrofulous children with eczematous eruptions,
especially behind  the  ears.  An acrid discharge from the
nose, which is often covered with scabs, is frequently present.
  Bleeding  and cracking  of the external  can thus usually
accompany  the other  troubles when this remedy is needed.
  Hepar sulphuris will undoubtedly cure more cases  of ker-
atitis, however, than any other remedy.  In the suppurative
form it is invaluable.   Combined with  the indicated local
treatment, it will cure  speedily and  promptly in this form. 
THE  CORNEA.
35
  Hypopion (pus in the anterior chamber) is quickly absorbed
by this remedy internally, rendering evacuation unnecessary.
  Abscesses of the cornea  usually require no other internal
remedy.
  Mercurius is well adapted for superficial ulceration, but
not so valuable  for deep, sloughing forms  of keratitis.
  It is a valuable  remedy for vascular keratitis;  often also
in the phlyctenular form.
  From the reputation it  has proverbially enjoyed in these
troubles, it is apt to be administered at once.  Disappoint-
ment is often the result of its use.   Time  is lost  and often
the result delayel in giving it empirically.
   The protoiodide often is successful when the other forms
do not seem to  work.
   A dense yellow coating  at the base of the tongue is often
a good guide for its use.
   Nux vomica  is  a  useful  remedy  in  the neuro-paralytic
form.
   Superficial ulcers have also been benefited  by its use.
   It  is a remedy  that  may  bring  excellent results  at once
where the patient has been over-dosed with allopathic medi-
cines.
   Pulsatilla nigricans is one of our  mainstays in the pustu-
lar form when  occurring in  the characteristic subject.
   It seems  however quite  necessary to  be careful in  the
 employment of local treatment.
   Rhus toxicodendron does good  service  in the superficial
 forms of keratitis, especially when produced by wet feet, or
 by taking cold  from  getting the clothing wet.
   Chemosis is  often quickly relieved by its use. 
36
THE  CORNEA.
   Silica is said to be valuable  in  the small, round ulcers
which show a tendency to perforate.
   Its sphere of action is, however, much  better defined in
other parts of the eye or its appendages.
   Spigelia anthelmintica is very useful useful in  sharp,
shooting, and piercing pains, in connection with deep ulcer-
ation.   The eyeballs hurt on moving them, and seem as if
too large for the orbits.
   Sulphur is said to have a great and usually immediate
effect on  the sharp, sticking pain; pains  as if a needle or
splinter were being thrust  into  the  eye;  when occurring
between one and three o'clock in the morning.
   The symptoms  are  aggravated  by  bathing  the eyes, a
marked contrast to the usual effect in  such cases. 
THE  IRIS.
37
THE  IRIS.
                         IRITIS.
                     Inflammation of the Iris.
   Chief Causes. — Syphilis,  exposure, rheumatism, injuries,
and extension of inflammation from other parts.
   Symptoms more or less attendant on all varieties:
     1.  Changes in  color and texture of the iris (light iris
          becomes greenish ; dark, brownish-red).
     2.  Alteration in form  and mobility of  the pupil;  iris
          sluggish.
     3.  Suffusion of conjunctiva: and zone of vessels around
          corneo-scleral junction (which may be red, blue or
          brown).
     4.  Pain, variable (may be absent).
     5.  Photophobia and lachrymation.
     6. Vision always impaired (should be accurately tested).
   Symptom 1, with 2, are characteristic of iritis.   The rest
may be more or less attendant on conjunctivitis or keratitis.
   Classification arbitrary, but for convenience divided  into
     a. Simple or plastic;
     b. Serous;
     c. Parenchymatous or suppurative.
   Note.—Neither syphilitic, rheumatic or  gonorrhceal iritis
have distmctive forms, though the former is often parenchy-
matous.   When the circumference of the pupil  is wholly 
38                      THE  IRIS.
adherent to the anterior capsule of the lens, the condition is
called  exclusion  of  the  pupil;  when  area  of  pupil  is
encroached on by exudation, called occlusion of pupil.   The
contraction of the field of  vision  is  due to  mechanical
obstruction.   Adhesions of iris to the lens capsule or to the
cornea are called posterior or anterior synechias, respectively.
The various forms are often far from distinct:  each may run
into or be combined with  another form.
  The essential point in the treatment of iritis is  to  attack
it with remedies promptly.   Inefficient dilatory treatment
allows synechias to become firmly organized and set up much
internal trouble.

                   IRITIS  PLASTICA.
                        Plastic Iritis.
                   Synonym:  Simple Iritis.
  Characterized by plastic exudation.
  Note.—Synechia? may be found after atropine is used, if
not before.
  Treatment.—See page 39.

                    IRITIS   SEROSA.
                         Serous Iritis.
  Characterized by hyper-secretion of the aqueous humor.
  Note.—Serous  iritis is an insidious disease, the symptoms
are often quite dull, and the disease creeps on unawares.   It
is not infrequently mistaken for glaucoma, which see.
  Less tendency to  synechias.   Tension increased.  Pupil
dilated.
  Treatment.—See page 39. 
THE IRIS.
39
             IRITIS  PARENCHYMATOSA.
                     Parenchymatous Iritis.
                 Synonym: Suppurative Iritis.
  Characterized by well-defined,  nodular  masses, which are
reddish-brown at first, then yellowish.
  Note.—These masses are  absorbed,  or  suppurate causing
hypopion (pus in the anterior chamber).
  Local  Treatment.—In all forms of iritis, perfect rest of the
iris and eye.  This is best secured by atropine and the protective
bandage.  A drop of a solution of the former, of the strength
of from two to four grains to the  ounce should be instilled at
intervals of a few minutes until dilatation of pupil is secured,
and then several times a day.  It may even be necessary to
use solutions of  atropine of strength of six to eight grains to
the ounce,  but  with great  caution. .Full dilatation of the
pupil is  the best guide, and in  most  cases  is essential  to
success.  Atropine should be continued some days after  all
inflammation  has apparently subsided.   In serous iritis, a
paracentesis of the cornea should be early performed, unless
atropine and hot applications relieve early.   Paracentesis is
done by  thrusting through the cornea  at its periphery and
parallel to  the plane  of  the iris, a paracentesis needle, thus
allowing the  aqueous humor to  escape.   Great  harm is
often done  to  the  delicate parts  of the  eye by dilatory
treatment.   Hypopion is well met by remedies, and  seldom
requires  to be  evacuated.   In  the  parenchymatous form,
anterior  synechias may form and require to be broken up.
Corelysis properly done is  sometimes  the  best operation;
improperly done it often sets up violent internal eye  inflam- 
40
THE IRIS.
mations.  Iridectomy is often a necessity in serous iritis  of
a severe type; may be required in severe  parenchymatous
iritis due to syphilis; extremely seldom required in the plastic
form if properly treated in the beginning.  Old, badly-treated,
chronic cases may require it.   Sometimes when  there  is
great intra-ocular pressure, atropine will not work  until the
pressure be relieved by paracentesis or otherwise.
  Caution.—Use no nitrate of silver or other irritant, in iritis.
  General Treatment.—Quiet the pain if there is any.   Hot
applications,  especially  hot water, will generally  best ac-
complish  this.   Keep down complications  with the neigh-
boring  tissues.   Nothing is more  beneficial to iritis  than
plenty of  sleep.   Owing to the pain  and a general restless-
ness, this is sometimes difficult to attain, and its accomplish-
ment should  receive the attention of the physician.


                   IRIDO-CYCLITIS.
               Inflammation of the Iris and Ciliary Body.
  Chief Causes.—Often primarily, cyclitis,  but  generally
springs  up in  connection with  iritis, or with  choroiditis.
Frequently arises from injuries, such as wounds in the ciliary
region, dislocated lens, or foreign body in the eye.   May also
be sympathetic from the other eye.
  Symptoms.—Great tenderness on pressure  over the ciliary
region,  with pain, is the main diagnostic symptom.   This is
not present  in iritis.  Accompanied by turbidity  of  the
vitreous and  aqueous  humors;  loss  of   accommodation;
photophobia and lachrymation; impairment of vision ; zone
of vessels around the  cornea;  increase of tension. 
THE IRIS.
41
  Note.—Irido-cyclitis is an extremely dangerous and insidi-
ous disease.  It often steals on  quietly without subjective
warning, and hence is unnoticed until beyond hope.  It often
much resembles iritis, and is in consequence overlooked.  An
exudation is poured out which may be either  serous, plastic
or purulent.  Either or both of the last two are the most
destructive.  The eye becomes  hopelessly glued  together or
totally breaks down.  When this condition is brought about
by sympathetic ciliary  nervous  irritation from  an  injured
companion eye, it is  called " sympathetic irido-cyclitis," or
" sympathetic ophthalmia." This may come on immediately
or after the lapse of years.
   Do not confound sympathetic irritation with  sympathetic
irido-cyclitis.
   The former  may be present  and  quiet  down, the  latter
extremely seldom if ever.  The symptoms of sympathetic irri-
tation are irritation and slight injection of the eye; neuralgic
pain; slight photophobia and  lachrymation ;  eye  quickly
fatigues at near or fine work.   These may occur frequently
and pass off with no organic lesions remaining.
   Local Treatment.—When primary, complete rest, protection,
cold,  heat,  atropine, and the remedies  seemingly indicated
may be tried, a careful watch being kept on companion eye
for first  symptoms  of irritation.   When  sympathetic, the
injured eye must be removed at once.  There is danger and
often a  very great, but not necessarily destructive,  risk  of
sympathetic ophthalmia  taken, in not  enucleating  an eye
seriously injured  by disease or wound; but so long as there
is sight in the injured eye, and  no sympathetic  irritation  in
the companion eye, it may be watched and allowed to remain. 
42
THE IRIS.
This subject will be found more  carefully considered under
the head of Injuries  (to the  ciliary region,  sclera,  etc.).
Optico-ciliary neurotomy, an operation by which the ciliary
nerves are divided, is sometimes done instead of enucleation.
It is not certain to  be effective, however, and is  not  to be
recommended generally.
   General Treatment.—Good food and hygienic arrangements
are all-important.   In acute cases  the patient  may be kept
in the house, or in bed;  but in  chronic  cases it is better to
protect the eyes by suitable colored glasses and  allow air and
exercise to be freely taken.

                         MYOSIS.
                    Contraction of the  Pupil.
   Causes.—It is associated with diseases of the  globe, and
frequently calls our attention to  a more serious  lesion of
the deeper structures.
   Such cases often  demand for their solution an intimate
acquaintance with the  higher branches of  ophthalmology, and
they  should  not be lightly assumed by one familiar with
elementary works only.
   Note.—Unconnected with more serious disease, contraction
of the pupil is seldom  seen.

                       MYDRIASIS.
                      Dilatation of the  Pupil.
   Causes.—It  accompanies lesions of the  brain  or  spine;
is often a guide to unravel hidden  and remote diseases.
   Like myosis, a thorough familiarity with eye  troubles  is 
THE IRIS.
43
essential to comprehend its monitions.  Unlike myosis, how-
ever,  it is associated with minor complaints at times, and
demands simple remedies, or none  at all especially directed
to it.
   Note.—Dilatation of  the pupil is generally associated with
some  serious organic defect.
   Caution.—Watchful  care should be exercised until a con-
clusion as to its danger can be formed.


                  IRIDO-CHOROIDITIS.
                Inflammation of the Iris and Choroid.
   Cause.—Extension of  inflammation from  the  iris, and
vice versa.
   Symptoms.—Those of  iritis mainly, but exaggerated in
degree.   The  vitreous  becomes  clouded, and  there is con-
traction of the field of  vision not explained by iritis.
   Note.—Is most frequent result of previous oft-recurring'
iritis, where the chambers of the eye have become  separated
(exclusion or occlusion of the pupil,) or the iris is dragged
on by synechias.  Eye  often lost by the disease, and sympa-
thetic ophthalmia may result  and  the  companion eye be
endangered  or lost.
   Local  Treatment.—Occurring with iritis requires  same
treatment as that disease.  Iridectomy most valuable remedy
for severe cases.  After remedies have failed, corelysis may
be of service, but is generally dangerous.
   General Treatment will be found under the head of Irido-
cyclitis. 
44
THE  IRIS.
                 Internal Remedies.

   Aconitum napellus.—In the first stage of the disease, when
there is heat and dryness of the eyes, aconite will be found very
useful.  It is particularly valuable after surgical operations
upon the iris, when there is restlessness with constant turnings
of the  patient; seeming tendency to inflammation of the iris.
All the symptoms of the patient  are  accompanied  by much
general febrile excitement, denoted by quick pulse, dry, hot
skin, thirst, etc.  There is also a direct indication for its use
when there is  marked  ciliary congestion,  with contracted
pupils, and  severe throbbing  pains.   Aconite  will also  be
found especially useful for persons of full habit and sanguine
temperament, and where the disease arises  from  a  cold.
Pressure  and burning in the  eye and over the brow,  with
aversion  to light, accompanied by anxiety and restlessness,
and a fear of death, are also excellent indications for its use.
   Arsenicum album is called for by burning pains.  The parts
burn like fire.  Great anguish and restlessness are  present;
the patient has intense thirst, drinking little and often.  All
the pains are worse at night  and after midnight; better from
warm applications.   The pains are aggravated by light and
by moving the eyes.   There is photophobia,  lachrymation,
and great prostration of mind and body.
   Arnica is called  for  in  traumatic iritis  where  there  is
hasmorrhage and ecchymosis from blows and wounds of any
description.
   Asafcetida for  severe boring  pains above  the eyebrows.
The pains are also throbbing, beating, boring, or burning in
character in the  eye, over  or around it.   Highly  useful  in 
THE IRIS.
45
syphilitic iritis, and after the abuse of mercury.  The pains
are usually from within outward, and are relieved by rest and
pressure.
   It  is  also  particularly  adapted  to  nervous,  hysterical
persons with hypersensitiveness of the whole system.
   Atropine.—The  internal  administration of atropine has
been found of less value than  is commonly believed.  For
ciliary neuralgia and all forms of neuralgia of the eye, it may
at times be  useful.  Internal congestions  of the eye, in the
serous form  of  iritis, with increased tension  of the globe,
will sometimes yield  to it.
   Aurum metallicum has been successfully used in  syphilitic
iritis, and after the abuse of mercury and potash.  The pains
indicating its use are dull or burning in character, compelling
one to close the lids  occasionally.   They  are  worse  in the
morning, and ameliorated by the application of cold water.
It will also be found  a valuable remedy in cases of  syphilitic
iritis  where there is great depression  of spirits and a strong
tendency to  suicide,  with tearing, pressing pains, seemingly
deep in the bones surrounding the  eye, and  aggravated by
touching.
   Belladonna.—In the early stages of iritis, belladonna will
sometimes be useful.  It is particularly suited to  plethoric
persons, and those of a stout, full habit.
   Indications for its use are as  follows:  Sharp pains in the
orbits, extending to the brain; the pains appear suddenly,
and cease as suddenly; there is a dimness of the vision; the
eyes are red  with much congestion; bright redness  of the
vessels.
   Throbbing pain in the head and  eye,  with  flushed  face. 
46
THE  IRIS.
Things looking red, sparks of fire passing before the eyes, are
symptoms also relieved by this remedy.
  Bryonia alba.—In  iritis due to rheumatism, and  in  the
serous forms generally, bryonia  is a useful remedy.  The
symptoms controlled  by it are a sensation of pressure from
within outward in the globe of the eye.  Sensation of sore-
ness and aching in the ball and around it.   Sharp, shooting
pains in the eyes, extending into the  head and  down  into
the face; or pain as if the eye were being forced out of  the
socket.   All the pains are  aggravated by moving the eyes in
their sockets.
  The  symptoms  are aggravated  by warmth,  and  are
generally worse at night.   Patient is exceedingly irritable at
night, not so  much so during the day.  The head  aches as
if it would split open.
  Cedron.—In periodical  supraorbital  neuralgia, cedron is
indicated.   The pains are  sharp and shooting, starting over
the eye and extending along the branches of the supraorbital
nerve.
  Chamomilla relieves severe ciliary neuralgia  in scrofulous
children.   The  child is fretful  and  wants  to  be carried all
the time.
  China.—In this trouble, dependent  upon or continued by
loss of vital fluids or malaria, china will afford much benefit.
The pains are variable, but show a marked periodicity.
   Cimicifuga is  indicated under  these  conditions: Pneu-
matic iritis, with intraocular  tension  and much  pain; in-
tense and persistent pains in the eyeballs of a dull, aching,
sore nature; pain in the centre of the eyeballs.   Pains in the
head are  from within outward. 
THE IRIS.
47
  Cinnabaris  has been used  very successfully in condyloma-
tous excrescences on  the  iris, edge of the pupil, or edge of
the lids.   Particularly valuable in syphilitic iritis.
  Colchicum is well adapted to  rheumatic cases with great
soreness of the eyeballs.  Violent, sharp, tearing pains in the
eye, and around the orbit.
  Colocynthis.—Cutting pains  around the eye have been con-
trolled by colocynthis. . Pains relieved by it are quieted by
pressure.
  Conium is well suited to the forms  aggravated by the de-
bility of old people.   Burning  heat in the eye is well met by
it also.
  Euphrasia has  been used in rheumatic iritis, with constant
aching, and  occasional  shooting pain  in  the  eye.  The
lachrymation  is  profuse,  the  tears  acrid  and excoriating.
When the iris has become bound down by  adhesions, and
there is ciliary injection, photophobia, cloudy aqueous humor,
and discolored iris, this remedy also acts well in relieving, as
far as possible, these symptoms.
  Gelsemium  is said to act well in serous iritis, and diseases
of the uveal tract.  I have  seldom made use  of  it  in this
class  of troubles, because I have found that rhus toxicoden-
dron  has fulfiled  all required of it in this direction.
  Hamamelis is  a valuable  local application in  traumatic
iritis, and may be used internally at the same time.   Haemor-
rhage into the  anterior  chamber may  be hastened in its
absorption by its use, also.
  Hepar  sulphuris is one  of our most valuable remedies in
this trouble.   In all cases  where suppuration  has  taken
place, or is inevitable, as hi kerato-iritis, or suppurative iritis, 
48
THE IRIS.
its administration is called for.   The pains are throbbing,
pressing, or  aching in  character, aggravated by cold  and re-
lieved  by warmth.  Much photophobia, with  swollen  and
sensitive lids.   Boring pain in the orbit.   Absorbs pus in the
anterior chamber.
  Adapted to scrofulous persons with enlarged glands ; every
cut or wound suppurating; also to Systems after the abuse of
mercury.
  Kali iodatum is a valuable remedy in choroiditis, or in
acute  or chronic  irido-choroiditis.  It also follows  well in
syphilitic iritis  after  the patient has been drugged  with
mercury, or when secondary symptoms accompany the eye
inflammation.
  Lachesis  is indicated  when  there is^much pain in the eye
with  sharp  pains in the  upper  teeth,  and  complaints of
suffocative feelings.   Stitches as from knives in the eye, the
sensation coming  from  the head.  The  eye complaints are
worse after  sleeping.   Pains rapidly change from the eye to
other parts of the  body and back again.
  Mercurius.—The preparations of mercury have  long and
successfully been used in the treatment  of  iritis.   They are
valuable in all  forms of this  disease, but  especially in the
syphilitic.   The symptoms comprise a great variety,  and the
choice  of a particular form will depend upon the  general
characteristics.
  Mercurius corrosivus.—In  syphilitic iritis,  perhaps mer-
curius corrosivus, and the iodides, are often the most effectual.
  Mercurius solubilis is next in importance.
  Mercurius dulcis is recommended where the  iritis is associ-
ated witli corneal ulcerations, or found in scrofulous subjects. 
THE IRIS.
49
  The pains  are  usually severe, and may be either  cutting,
tearing, biting or  boring, and are worse at night and in damp
weather.  There  is also  heat  and  soreness around the eye,
and soreness  of the same side of the head.
  The discharges from the eye are  acrid and make the lids
and cheek sore.   There is much sensitiveness to heat or cold,
and  the symptoms are made worse by looking into the fire,
or from the heat  of a stove.
  After  exudations  have taken  place from the iris,  which
appears  discolored, or the area of  the pupil is covered by a
film  with tendency to posterior synechias, no remedy is better
to promote absorption.   Hypopion  or  condylomata  yield to
its influence.
   While the eye symptoms may call for  this remedy, we
oftener find general characteristic  symptoms in connection
with them.   These are such as diseases of  the  glands, acute
or chronic; cold, clammy sweat  on the  thighs and legs at
night; salivary glands greatly swollen, with excessive secretion
of saliva and  fetid breath ;  greyish ulcers on the inner surface
of the lips, cheeks, gums, tongue, and  soft palate;  eruptions
on the skin; nightly pains in  various parts  of  the body.
Aggravations are from warmth, at night, from rest, and in
damp weather.
   Nitric acid is specially useful in treating syphilitic or gonor-
rhceal iritis.  It also follows well after the abuse of mercury.
   While not strictly applicable  to many  eye  diseases,  it is
adapted  to the treatment of affections of the iris aii>ing from
suppressed  syphilis, and to secondary affections  of syphilis in
broken and cachectic constitutions.
   Nux vomica is an  auxiliary remedy, especially adapted to
       4 
50
THE IRIS.
people of a  malicious, irritable temperament, and to those
who make great mental exertions.
   Pulsatilla  relieves  iritis in characteristic  subjects.   After
suppressed gonorrhoea, pulsatilla will often  restore the dis-
charge.
   The symptoms are all Avorse toward evening;  relieved  in
the  open air, worse  on returning to a  warm,  close room.
Better from cold things;  worse from warm.   The form  of
symptoms is very changeable;  worse one moment, better the
next, or at longer intervals.  Sluggish circulation manifested
by constant chilliness,  coldness and paleness  of the skin;
disorders of digestion  and  menstruation; mild, tearful dis-
position,  etc.
   Rhus  toxicodendron  is  a remedy  especially  valuable  hi
suppurative inflammation of the iris,  the  latter  involving,  or
showing a strong disposition to extend backward  and involve,
the rest of the uveal tract.
  Iritis  occurring  in rheumatic  subjects, or arising from
exposure to cold, is well met by rhus.  The  pains are worse
at night, and relieved by  warm  applications ;   also worse
before a  storm and in damp weather.
  Vesicular eruptions on any part of the body.   Photophobia
and lachrymation well-marked.  Rheumatic pains that affect
any part of the body, aggravated  by rest, and relieved by
motion.
  Silica  promotes  a tendency to  absorption,  and will be
found to exercise control wherever this point  is desirable.
  Spigelia  is useful where, in  cases of rheumatic iritis, the
pains are sharp and shooting, or severe, pressing, and jerking,
and  radiate from  points  around or in the eye.   Intolerable 
THE  IRIS.
51
pain in the superciliary ridge ;  pains sharp  and sticking, as
from  a  poniard; aggravation  about 2 a. m.   The pain is
much worse from moving the eye in any direction.
  Sulphur.—Iritis in scrofulous subjects  will often  be bene-
lited from the use of Sulphur.  It is useful in chronic cases,
and when the pains are sharp and sticking, like pins sticking
in the eyes.   Useful after suppressed eruptions.
  In the choice of this remedy we must  often depend upon
its general characteristic symptoms.  It is adapted to lym-
phatic temperaments,  to persons disposed to haemorrhoids,
with constipation or morning diarrhoea, to scrofulous diseases
which seem to get almost well  when they occur again  and
again.
  Thuja is indicated in syphilitic iritis with condylomatous
excrescences upon  the iris.   The  pains  are ameliorated by
warmth. 
52
THE  CONJUNCTIVA.
THE  CONJUNCTIVA.
                   CONJUNCTIVITIS.
                 Inflammation of the Conjunctiva.
  Note.—The classification  of conjunctivitis  is arbitrary;
one form may run  into  another.  For  convenience it  is
divided into
    a. Catarrhal;
    b. Purulent;
    c. Granular;
    e. Diphtheritic;
    d. Phlyctenular.
  Pterygium may also be considered under this heading.
  In general, it  may be said that hyperasmia  precedes the
catarrhal form, and the catarrhal the purulent:  often quickly
supervening on each other.
  All may be infectious and  contagious: the discharge from
one form may produce its own kind,  or  that of  another.
May be endemic or epidemic.


         CONJUNCTIVITIS  CATARRHALIS.
              Catarrhal Inflammation of the Conjunctiva.
               Synonym:  Catarrhal Ophthalmia.
  Chief Causes.—Exposure;  the  exanthematous diseases;
injuries;  bad hygiene; consequent on other inflammations; 
THE  CONJUNCTIVA.
53
ametropia;  foreign  bodies;   contagion;  over-use  of  the
eyes.   Preceded by hyperasmia.
  Symptoms.—There is a sensation of sand  in  the eye ;
smarting, itching and lachrymation ; increased vascularity ;
chemosis;  sticking  together  of  the  lids,  especially after
sleeping; mucous or muco-purulent  discharge, the latter
collecting  in, and  known by,  whitish  flakes containing
albumen, mucous and epithelial cells.   Lids grow red, swell
and become stiff. Often numerous small hasmorrhagic Spots.
  Note.—Under proper care it is seldom that the cornea be-
comes involved  in  this variety.   Be careful in  the exan-
thematous  diseases  that the  conjunctiva does not become
seriously implicated.   Sometimes it does  unless  watched,
and hurrying  into the  purulent  form, involves the  cornea,
and damages or  ruins sight.  This result is not infrequent
in variola.
  Caution.—Use extreme care as to cleanliness, isolation of
all towels, basins, etc.
  Local  Treatment.—If due  to  ametropia,  correct the re-
fraction by suitable glasses.  If no cause is apparent, examine
carefully for any local irritation,  as from foreign  body, in-
turning lashes, etc.
  But when  the disease is established,  insist on extreme
cleanliness always.  Cold applications in primary stages, with
protection.  Mild, astringent  lotions when necessary.  Cor-
neal and iritic complications may require atropine.
  General Treatment must not be neglected if the patient is
at all  run down in general health.   The disease is usually
local, however. 
54                 THE CONJUNCTIVA.
            CONJUNCTIVITIS  PURULENTA.
               Purulent Inflammation of the Conjunctiva.
    Synonyms: Blenorrhcea; Military or Egyptian Ophthalmia.
    Varieties: Gonorrhoeal Conjunctivitis; Ophthalmia Neonatorum.
   Chief  Causes.—Same as catarrhal variety.
   Symptoms.—Same as catarrhal,  but greatly  intensified.
Discharge purulent, thick and highly contagious.   Often
great chemosis.
   Note.—Read carefully the note  under Conjunctivitis.
   There is great danger of the cornea  becoming  involved,
causing  ulceration,  sloughing, and  not  infrequently loss of
the eye.   Study the corneal dangers and their  treatment
as given  under  the head  of  Keratitis.   Gonorrhoeal con-
junctivitis is usually very severe and shows great  tendency
to constitutional symptoms, which  often  are  extremely
severe.   Ophthalmia neonatorum may be very mild  or very
severe.
   Local Treatment.—No disease requires greater judgment
or more  careful  diagnosis than  purulent  conjunctivitis.
Extreme  cleanliness is always necessary.   This is best ac-
complished by removing the discharge with  small pledgets of
cotton-cloth.  Do not allow the palpebral syringe to be used
except by the experienced.
   When the discharge has not set in, the conjunctiva being
tense, hot and dry,  use  soothing applications, such as atro-
pine, and feel the way carefully.  When discharge is fully
established, an  astringent lotion every few hours;  or it may
be necessary to paint the inner surface of lids once or twice
daily with a strong solution of silver nitrate (which  see) or
other similar remedy.   If the cornea becomes cloudy, atro- 
THE CONJUNCTIVA.
55
pine must be used.  Canthoplasty must be performed if the
lids press too closely on the globe.
   Seal up the non-affected  eye, if necessary;  in  any event
use the greatest caution that the disease be  not communi-
cated to  it.
   Cool,  or  even iced, applications  may  be demanded in
severe cases.
   In ophthalmia neonatorum, in  addition to extreme clean-
liness, one  drop of a one-grain  solution of silver  nitrate
dropped  between the lids, night and morning, and a powder
of argentum nitricum  30x, every three hours internally, will
cure all cases, if taken in  time.   A weak solution of atropia
sulphate  may be used if the cornea becomes cloudy.
   There  is no need of bad results, except in the rarest cases.
   General Treatment.—This disease often greatly drains the
system;  gonorrhoeal  variety  particularly so.    Keep  the
strength  up.  Disinfect the  room, and  everything in use;
Piatt's chlorides are excellent for  this purpose.


            CONJUNCTIVITIS  GRANULOSA.
              Granular Inflammation of the Conjunctiva.
    Synonyms:  Trachoma; Granular Lids; Ophthalmia Granulosa.
   Chief  Causes. — Catarrhal and purulent  conjunctivitis.
Filth, impure air, and defective hygiene generally. Contagion.
   Symptoms.—Locally this trouble is characterized by hyper-
asmia, swelling,  and a peculiar roughness of the  palpebral
conjunctiva.  These changes  may be  noticed  as diffuse,
vascular  excrescences in the  conjunctival tissue, resembling
roundish  granules; or as hypertrophied papillae.  The for- 
56
THE  CONJUNCTIVA.
 mer is called "granular trachoma";  the latter, "papillary
 trachoma"; occurring together,  as  they most often  do,
 " mixed trachoma."  There may be a discharge, at first thin
 and watery, gradually becoming thicker and  of  a muco-
 purulent character; or the disease may steal on so insidiously
 as to be established before really suspected.  In the latter
 case patient generally previously complains of the  lids sticking
 together in the  morning, with  some roughness.   When
 either acute,  or established,  the  eyes  are  very  irritable,
 accompanied  by a  sensation of  sand, especially under  the
 upper lid, and they become red and watery on attempting to
 use them.   After a short time  the  lid becomes  puffy, more
 or less flabby, and limp.
   All symptoms vary  greatly  in severity according  to  the
 nature of the attack.
   Note. — Granular conjunctivitis  is   contagious;   often
 highly so.
   Caution—Isolate  all  towels,  utensils, etc., to  prevent  the
 danger of contagion.
   The disease shows great tendency to relapses, acute exacer-
 bations  being common.  It is often complicated with  other
 diseases.  The greatest danger lies in  the  injury to  the
 cornea.   The rough, sand-paper-like lids irritate the cornea,
 promoting vascularity and pannus, or it may ulcerate.   The
 conjunctiva may become chronically dry (xerophthalmia),
 lids  be  drawn inwards at the margin (entropion), lashes
 turn in  (trichiasis), or  lid or lids become  firmly adherent  to
the globe  (symblepharon).  Either of  the  latter  is  more
likely to be the result of injudicious treatment, however.
  Nearly always, general complaints  accompany  or have 
THE  CONJUNCTIVA.
57
originated  this trouble.   It  is particularly associated with
the  badly  nourished;  with high  free  livers,  who  crowd
their stomachs, drink  hot,  stimulating  drinks, remain  in
smoky rooms, or heated, close atmosphere, and take insuf-
ficient-exercise.
  The mind  is apt to partake of  the bodily weakuess in old
advanced cases, and  the patient become addicted  to  lazy,
indolent habits.
  Local Treatment  is all-important.  Injudiciously done, it
does harm rather than good.  In  severe cases astringents
are necessary,  caustics seldom  are.   Primary  cases  and
exacerbations are  better met  by  remedies.    Ice-bags  in
severe, acute  attacks,  or exacerbations  of old chronic ones
are highly recommended.   Crayon  of copper  sulphate is  to
be  used only by the most experienced, if at  all, and is not
recommended.  Tannic acid, six to ten grains, and glycerine,
one ounce, is a prescription  that in old,  indolent cases, has
been  also  highly recommended.  Silver nitrate, which see,
properly used is the most reliable irritant, however, and will
generally prove all-sufficient.
  General Treatment.—Removal of  all  exciting causes; cold
water, general bathing with friction ; good  food,  air.  and
exercise, and  healthy, useful  employment are  all essential.


         CONJUNCTIVITIS  DIPHTHERITICA.
             Diphtheritic Inflammation of the Conjunctiva.
  Chief Causes.—Occurs in course of diphtheria, and results
from same causes as do the other forms.
  Symptoms.—A yellow, tough and firm product of inflam- 
58
THE  CONJUNCTIVA.
mation collects in the tissue of the conjunctiva and on its
surface, from  which it may often  be torn off like a thick
lining of the lids.   There are usually the  symptoms of in-
tense inflammation  in the first stages, with great  tenderness
to the touch, the lids being hardened by fibrinous infiltration.
Symptoms vary much in nature according to the severity of
the case, but generally are severe at first; the lids grow soft
as the disease advances, and pus supervenes.
  Note.—This disease is extremely rare in the United States.
Lids are  often  rigid and seemingly fibrinous in  the other
varieties, and errors in diagnosis made.   Found mainly on
the European Continent.  Cornea apt to suffer severely, and
the lids  to become cicatrized.   Constitutional  symptoms
usually marked.
  Treatment. — The  treatment  is not  very  satisfactory.
Locally ice  compresses in first stages, and the treatment of
purulent  conjunctivitis  when pus sets  in.  Support the
strength.


         CONJUNCTIVITIS  PHLYCTENULARIS.
             Phlyctenular Inflammation of the  Conjunctiva.
      Synonyms: Herpes Ophthalmicus ;  Pustular Conjunctivitis.
  Characterized  by small,  yellowish-red, nodules  on the
conjunctiva; often  associated with, and in many  respects
similar to, pustular  keratitis (which see).
  Treatment.—Same as indicated'under Pustular Keratitis. 
THE CONJUNCTIVA.
o9
                     PTERYGIUM.
                         Bat's Wing.
  Chief Causes.—Exposure to hot winds, to the winds of the
sea, of the prairies, etc.   Chronic inflammations.
  Symptoms.—A triangular vascular ridge of  hypertrophied
conjunctival and subconjunctival tissue, usually on the nasal
side of the eye, base towards the canthus, apex adjacent to,
or more or less on, the cornea.
   Pinguecula  is an epithelial tumor, or due to micro-organ-
ism parasites; a deposit  of fat  ensuing.  Owing to some
similarity, it is often diagnosed erroneously as pterygium.
   Local Treatment.—If remedies are unavailing and  it per-
sistently encroaches  on  the cornea,  excision, ligation or
transplantation.
   A full description of these  operations, with the  results
attained, may be found in the larger works.
                Internal  Remedies.
  Aconitum napellus is valuable in all forms of conjuncti-
vitis in the early stages.  It is particularly valuable in those
cases which begin with much local fever and  heat, where it
is necessary to quickly break up this condition.  In the first
stage of catarrhal inflammation, when severe, or when there
is a sensation of local heat, it is always indicated.
  In acute exacerbation of chronic granulated lids it is also
indicated.
  Is of little value, however,  when once the second stages 
60
THE  CONJUNCTIVA'.
have set in, or when the boundary is passed in the catarrhal
form, and the purulent form has set in.
   To subdue local inflammation after  a hot cinder, or other
foreign   body,  has been  removed,  it  will  be of  value  in
conjunction with local remedies.   The latter, however, will
generally render it unnecessary.
   Apis  mellifica is  a valuable remedy when the lids  are
swollen  and stinging, with a general oedematous condition.
The parts  have that peculiar  appearance as if  a bee had
stung them.
   Its general symptoms may often suggest the remedy also,
such as  drowsiness, absence of  thirst, etc.
   Chemosis yields to it.
   Argentum nitricum has long enjoyed  the reputation  of
locally curing the  purulent forms,  no  matter what their
cause.
   Naturally  it  would  seem  to  be  an  excellent remedy
internally,  and such it proves  to be.   Combined with judi-
cious local treatment, it will exceedingly rarely be necessary
for sight to be lost, even in part.
   It is useful in the first stages only of the granular  forms.
   Pterygium has been reported cured  by the administration
of this drug.
   Arsenicum is useful in the first stages of the catarrhal and
granular forms, and the various stages  of the pustular form,
when there are burning pains, especially at night.
   Periodicity of attack, and alternate shifting from one eye
to the other also indicate its use.
   Belladonna is useful in  the first stages of conjunctivitis, 
THE  CONJUNCTIVA.
61
that is in the precedent hyperaemia and catarrhal form, but
of no  use when the purulent form has set in.
   In the early stages it will meet such symptoms as smart-
ing and burning pains  with dryness and heat, and  marked
photophobia.  Often the face is red and swollen, with head-
ache.
   Acute attacks in chronic cases may demand this  remedy.
   Calcarea  carbonica  has  been used  for the relief  of
pterygium.
   Euphrasia finds in the conjunctival troubles an  appropriate
sphere of action.
   When called for, there is profuse, acrid burning lachryma-
tion, thick,  profuse and yellow discharge, which  runs down
on and excoriates the cheek.  Owing to the presence of this
discharge on the cornea vision is more or less impeded, but
relieved  by the act of  winking, which  washes down the
obstructing secretion.
   It must not be depended on in the purulent form, however,
as it  will seldom  be  of sufficient power to bring  about a
healthy resolution.  More especially is this the  case  if the
cornea is threatening suppuration.
   Graphites is  not a very useful remedy  in  any of the
conjunctival forms but the pustular.
   When  the  external canthi crack and bleed  easily, and
eczematous eruptions appear behind the ears, the discharges
are thin and  excoriating, the nose participating, a general
scabby condition,  with dry scurfs, with a decided  tendency
 to recur, its use will be strongly demanded.
   Hepar sulphuris must always be thought of when, in  the
 purulent form, the cornea has  become implicated, and there 
62
THE CONJUNCTIVA.
is a strong suppurative tendency or suppuration has actually
set in.
   It may be useful where there is a muco-purulent discharge.
   Mercurius is a valuable remedy.
   Special indications  are  found in  the profuse,  burning,
muco-puruleut  discharges.   They   are  thin,  acrid  and
excoriating.
   Syphilitic subjects particularly require its use and the well-
known  train of  symptoms classed under this  name  will
guide in its selection.
   The  remedy  has doubtless  been  much  over-rated  and
abused in this class of troubles.
   Nitric acid may be used  in  gonorrhoeal  ophthalmia,  in
conjunction with local treatment.
   Pulsatilla  nigricans is  a valuable  remedy in almost all
forms of conjunctivitis.
   In  the catarrhal when occurring in the characteristic sub-
ject, with a bland thick discharge.  Especially is it indicated
in this form resulting from an attack of the measles, or from
taking cold.
   In  the purulent form, and especially in that  kind  found
in the newly-born, it may be used.   It should  not usually
be alone relied on, however.
   In  the phlyctenular form it is valuable.
   In  the trachomatous form, feebly so.  When the lids are
implicated it is often very useful.
   The general  characteristics,  "worse  in  a warm  room,
better in the  open air," often serve as a marked guide for
its selection.
   Rhus toxicodendron is valuable when  the  inflammation is 
THE  CONJUNCTIVA.
63
caused by exposure to the wet, with an oedematous swelling
of the lids.
   Intense photophobia and  profuse lachrymation  in the
phlyctenular form  call for this drug when conium is not
indicated for the special reasons laid down under its head in
keratitis.
   Sulphur is the remedy for certain forms of, and conditions
associated with, phlyctenular conjunctivitis.
   Agglutination in the morning, marked photophobia and
profuse lachrymation,  burning and  biting in the eye, with
sharp lancinating pains, are indications for its use.
   Chronic, scabby cases, occurring in scrofulous  children,
will be much benefited by its administration intercurrently
with other remedies.
   Zincum metallicum is said to have cured pterygium. 
64
GLAUCOMA.
GLAUCOMA.
                      GLAUCOMA.
                    Increased Eye-Tension.
                Synonym: Arthritic Ophthalmia.
                Divisions : Acute and Chronic.
  Causes.—Somewhat  obscure:   often  caused  by  mental
emotions, as prolonged  grief, etc.  May be hereditary.   Neu-
ralgia  of  fifth  nerve.   Irritations  of  the  ciliary  nerves.
Retinal haemorrhage is  an infrequent cause.
  Symptoms.—The symptoms  of acute  glaucoma  are  those
of intense  acute inflammation.  It  is generally preceded by
what are known as prodromal symptoms as below, but greatly
intensified; it then bursts forth with  addition  of  severe
headaches  and terrible ciliary neuralgia.; cloudiness of  the
aqueous and virteous humors ;  dilatation and sluggishness of
the pupil,  which perhaps is filled  with a greenish reflex ;
photophobia,  lachrymation,  and conjunctival  congestion;
often  fever and  vomiting; the  cornea  is clouded, the  iris
jammed against  it, the  anterior  chamber  being obliterated ;
tension increased until  the eye may  become as hard as stone:
marked changes  in the  fundus, but  generally not to be seen
owing to condition of the refractive media.   These changes
are pulsation of  the arteries;  swollen, beaded appearance of
the veins; slight  retinal  haemorrhage;  peculiar cupping of
optic disc. 
GLAUCOMA.
65
  Chronic glaucoma (synonym,  simple  glaucoma), on  the
other hand, is an  insidious disease, stealing on unawares
often.  The prodromal symptoms are mild usually, and often
needlessly overlooked, and the disease steals  on,  to become
hopelessly  incurable, or  burst  into an  acute  form.  Its
symptoms  are increase  of  tension; mild hyperaemia and
inflammation ; the  peculiar  excavation of  the  optic nerve;
and decrease of vision, with  narrowing of visual field.  Both
forms, particularly the acute, are often mistaken for  other
diseases, as bilious fever, brain troubles, etc.
  Confirmed  glaucoma  (synonym,  glaucoma  absolutum),
renders the globe hard as stone, pupil dilated, lens opaque,
cornea dull and insensitive,  anterior chamber shallow.
  Prodromal  symptoms  are rapid  increase  of any existing
presbyopia; colored  rings  around a  light ; intermittent
obscurations  of  sight; ciliary  neuralgia;  slight  variable
increase of  intra-ocular  tension; narrowing  of visual  field
and dimness of vision.
  Note.—Glaucoma is one of the most dangerous and least
generally  understood diseases of the eye.  Badly  or neglect-
fully treated, it results in certain blindness.  Hypermetropic
eyes most liable to it, generally attacking one and extending
to the other.  Intervals, or  periods  of remission may be days
or years.   When  rapid, destroying  sight in  a few hours, or
even in less time, it is called glaucoma fulminans  (lightning
glaucoma); when following ordinary inflammation or injuries
of the eye, secondary glaucoma.  Both eyes are  usually
affected, often first  one and  then the other.   Females at and
beyond  the change  of  life  are notably  susceptible.   The
cupping of the optic disc is peculiar and not easily confounded
       5 
66
GLAUCOMA.
with either the physiological or atrophic cupping.*  Rapidly
advancing presbyopia  is  suspicious.  Treatment  requires
good judgment and experience.  Remedies are often of great
aid associated with proper local treatment, but should not be
exclusively relied  on, except at  the beginning of very mild
attacks or during intermission of violent symptoms.
   Local Treatment.—Paracentesis  or iridectomy, according
to severity and nature of attack.   Until recently, great stress
has been laid on the  necessity for  a  broad iridectomy quite
up to  the ciliary margin, and  explicit directions given  for
performing the same.  Experienced  judgment is the best
guide  as to the kind of iridectomy  needed.   If  performed
early, good results almost certain ; tardy hesitating treatment
generally  punished  with loss  of  vision.   In  early  stages
paracentesis  properly performed,  with  proper remedies, is
frequently all-sufficient.   With caution, atropine, which see.
Sclerotomy is sometimes preferable to  iridectomy.  Eserine
will often be  advantageous rather than  atropine.
   General Treatment all-important.  Build up the system,
and make the surroundings  cheerful.   Complete rest  of the
eyes when the attacks  follow each other quickly, and but
moderate use of them at any time.


                Internal  Remedies.

   Belladonna  has  been found of use in relieving the  flushed
face, and throbbing headache, with sharp pains.  The pupils

  *This and other forms of cupping, are fully explained with illustrations
in the author's work on "The Ophthalmoscope; Its Theory and Practical
Uses." 
GLAUCOMA.
67
are dilated, conjunctiva congested, with a general dry feeling,
and much photophobia.
   Bryonia alba may be given when the eyes feel sore to the
touch, and are generally worse on motion.   Sharp, shooting
pains through the globe.
   Cimicifuga is valuable for the wandering pains which often
change into other portions of the body.
   Colocynthis has been used where  the  pains are better on
pressure, but usually of a sharp, stitching nature.
   Gelsemium is one of the most valuable of  the remedies hi
this trouble, being often palliative of the severe pains, and
seemingly exercising a curative  influence  on  the neurotic
character of the disease.
   Phosphorus is  useful in clearing up  the vision after an
iridectomy has been performed.
   Spigelia has been found more valuable than any other one
internal  remedy for the  alleviation of  the  sharp, shooting,
and  sticking  pains  which accompany this  disease.  These
pains are worse on motion and at night.
   In no other disease will a careful  study of  the Repertory
be found more valuable.   Hints from  any one  or  more
prominent symptoms may lead in this manner to a remedy
which would be found in  no other way. 
68
LOCAL  APPLICATIONS.
LOCAL  APPLICATIONS.
                     MYDRIATICS.

  Atropine, the alkaloid of atropa belladonna, is the principal
mydriatic used .in ophthalmic  practice.   It is insoluble  in
water, and if ordered must be cut by an acid.   Hence we
use atropia sulphate, or atropine treated  by sulphuric  acid,
which is freely soluble in water.  It is important that  it be
well prepared or  there will be  attributed  to  the  atropia
unfavorable results due to other causes.
  Pure, neutral atropia sulphate has the following advantages,
when rightly used:
  1. It diminishes the intra-ocular tension.
  2. It draws back the iris, and
     a.  Prevents  adhesions to  the anterior capsule of the
          lens;
     b.  Prevents  adhesions  to the posterior  layer of the
          cornea;
     c.  Tears away adhesions when formed;
     d.  Prevents its prolapse;
     e.  Not infrequently restores it when prolapsed;
     /.  Compels it to rest;
     g.  Diminishes its congestion.
   3. It diminishes the congestion of the ciliary body. 
LOCAL APPLICATIONS.
69
   4.  It compels the ciliary muscle to rest.
   5.  It lessens ciliary neuralgia.
   6.  It acts as  a local anaesthetic during its passage through
 the cornea, allaying irritation.
   It  also has disadvantages, as follows:
   1.  Severe irritation of the conjunctiva with an eczematous
 condition of the lids, has been caused by its use.
   2.  Its use may be contra-indicated when the posterior  por-
 tion of the uveal tract is affected or likely to be.
   3.  By its use  acute  glaucoma has  been hastened  in  eyes
 already attacked, by reason of which, the advantage above
 numbered 1 has been doubted in some cases.
   4.  Its use may cause detachment of the retina.
   5.  Paralysis  of the  fibers of the iris may be  caused by
 prolonged use of a strong solution.
   6.  Poisoning by the solution running from the conjunctival
 sac into the  throat through the lachrymal canaliculi  may
 occur;  or it may even be absorbed to this extent.
   7.  Some persons show a constitutional antipathy to its use
 in other ways than mentioned.
   Its strength may be  varied according to  the necessities of
 the case.    Being an active  poison  great  care is  essential.
 One-half a grain of atropia sulphate to an ounce  of distilled
 water is sufficient to  dilate the pupil  for examination of a
 healthy eye, but when  inflammation is present, solutions of
 two to eight grains to the ounce are required—one drop from
 a drop-tube, to be placed in  the  eye,  the lower lid being
slightly everted.
  The Antidote  to atropine is  preferably a strong  decoction
of coffee, which  in cases requiring a more powerful antidote 
70
LOCAL APPLICATIONS.
is best  alternated with  hot vinegar.   When an  immediate
antidote is  required, however,  an hypodermic injection of
morphia is essential, and excels all others.
   Atropine  Solutions.—
     1.  Strong Atropine Drops :
              Sulphate of Atropia, gr. iv,
              Distilled water,  §j.
   Used in all cases where the rapid and full mydriatic action
of the drug is required.  The ciliary muscle and iris do  not
thoroughly recover from the effect of complete atropization
for about ten days.
     2.  Weak Atropine Drops :
              Sulphate of Atropia, gr. ss. to j,
              Distilled water, § j.
   Used Avhen for optical purposes it  is desired to keep  the
pupil partially dilated for a long time, as in immature nuclear
cataract.  A single drop about three times a week will gener-
ally suffice.
   Solutions of atropia  sulphate will  keep for an  indefinite
time; the floculent sediment  which often  forms does  not
impair their efficiency.


   Homatropine is a substitute for  atropine, and is sometimes
valuable in  that  its mydriatic effects  pass of  quickly in
comparison.   A solution of two  grains  to the  ounce  of
distilled  water may be  used with value in examinations, as
the pupil will usually  return  to  its normal size in about
twelve hours. 
LOCAL APPLICATIONS.                71
   Hyoscyamine,  the  alkaloid  of  liyoscyannus  niger,  is  a
mydriatic  sometimes  used.   It can  often  be borne  when
atropine cannot.   Under its use the pupil will dilate  more
rapidly and remain longer dilated than  under atropine, and
of not less maximum degree ; but it is much more expensive,
more difficult to procure and does not keep as well.


   Duboisine, the  active principle of duboisia myoporoides, is
much similar to  atropine in  its general action, though far
more powerful.   It dilates the pupil and paralyzes the ciliary
muscle more rapidly  and efficiently than atropine;  has no
unpleasant action on the conjunctiva-, but frequently produces
the  most distressing vertigo,  delirium, and  other  alarming
symptoms, requiring great caution in its use.  Its high  price
renders it only a  substitute where atropine distresses.
   Duboisine  Solutions.—
     1. Strong Duboisine Drops:
              Sulphate of Duboisia, gr. iv,
              Distilled water, § j.
   To be used with great  caution, as well-marked toxic symp-
toms are often caused  even by two or three drops to the eye.
   A weaker solution (gr. j to f j) is  safer.


   Daturine, the alkaloid  of datura stramonium, is also some-
times used as a mydriatic.  It may be borne when atropme
can not, and  thus be sometimes useful. 
72
LOCAL APPLICATIONS.
Daturine Solution.—
  1. Strong Daturine Drops :
           Sulphate of Daturia, gr. iv,
           Distilled water, § j.
                       MYOSITICS.

   Calabar  Bean, an extract of the product  of physostigrna
venenosum,  is  the  myositic generally used  in ophthalmic
practice.   Its active alkaloid, eserine (or physostigmine,) is
also much  used.  A drop of a solution of four grains of the
alcoholic extract of the bean to an ounce  of  distilled water,
or a little of the alcoholic  extract, is put into the eye.  Its
effect is rapid, but soon passes off, or is easily overcome by
atropine.


   Eserine  (the alkaloid of calabar bean).— '
              Sulphate of Eseria, gr. ij,
              Distilled water, |j.
   Used in  mydriasis  and paralysis  of  the accommodation
whether caused by  atropine  or by  nerve lesions,  in some
forms  of  corneal ulcer, and in acute glaucoma.   Its effect
only lasts an hour or two at first; after several weeks' use it
remains considerably longer, but never nearly so long as that
of atropine.
   Caution.— Beware of spurious or imitation alkaloids of  all
these substances, many of which are in the market.   They 
LOCAL APPLICATIONS.
73
sometimes cause much trouble, and the blame put upon the
remedy, when in reality the appropriate remedy has not been
used at all.
  All the mydriatics and myositics may be obtained in the
form of  small gelatine  disks of known strength, which are
sometimes more convenient than the solutions.
                    MISCELLANEOUS.

   Silver Nitrate (Synonym : Nitrate of Silver,) is an invalu-
able local as well  as internal remedy in eye complaints.  It
is readily neutralized in all strengths by a saturated solution
of sodium chloride  (common  table-salt).   The  chlorine of
the  sodium unites with the silver  forming silver chloride,
which is insoluble, and consequently innocuous, in the tears.
   Used as follows:
   Ophthalmia Neonatorum.—A strength of one or two grains
to the ounce of pure distilled water should  be  used, a drop
into the thoroughly-cleansed eye once or twice a day.  Com-
bined with it internally, 6x or 30x trituration  preferred, it
will  prove an almost unfailing  remedy.
   Granular Conjunctivitis.—When necessary to use it in this
disease, preferably paint on the everted lid a solution of five
grains to the ounce of distilled water, quickly neutralizing it
with sodium chloride, as above.  It is to be seldon repeated.
It should be borne in mind that it is not  thus  used for its
caustic effect, but as an irritant  and stimulant to promote
absorption, and used excessively in quantity or frequency, jt
does harm.   Let the improvement go On to completion before 
74                 LOCAL  APPLICATIONS.
another application is made, previous to which gently remove
the eschar.
   Purulent Conjunctivitis.—In this disease use a strength of
from three to ten grains to the ounce, according to  severity
of case.  Many use  a solution of two  to  six grains to  the
ounce  of distilled water, and  put a drop in the eye three or
four times a day.   Solutions of five grains  and upward  are
preferably painted on the everted upper  lid, and neutralized
or not, according  to experienced judgment.   It should never
be  used  until  the discharge has  set in, or it will be highly
injurious.   Having used it, wait until the deposit which forms
on the conjunctiva  has disappeared and the discharge  has
become re-established before again using it.  If this  rule  be
attended to, there will be little danger from its use.
   Silver Nitrate  Solutions.—
     1. Strong Silver Nitrate  Drops:
               Nitrate of Silver, gr. x,
               Distilled Water, |j.
     2. Weak  Silver Nitrate Drops:
               Nitrate of Silver, gr. j or ij,
               Distilled Water, |j.
   Pure silver nitrate is never  to be used to the conjunctiva.
   All solutions  of  silver nitrate  should be kept either in a
deep blue bottle, or in a dark  place.
   Hot Water.—Of all  local applications, there is none more
useful than hot water.   As hot as it can  be borne,  it often
will relieve the severe pain and  reduce the inflammation of
iritis; it allays the  severest inflammation  of, and acts  as a 
                    LOCAL APPLICATIONS.                75

 detergent  in, conjunctivitis; in keratitis it  will sustain the
 vitality of the corneal tissue, and thoroughly cleanse the eye
 of discharge.
    Combined with it, may be used  any  of the  infusions or
 lotions desirable.
    Experience with it will soon render its use indispensable
 in the severer form of any of the inflammatory eye  diseases.


    Copper sulphate, Zinc  sulphate and Zinc chloride are also
 much used in mild forms of conjunctivitis.   Properly used,
 there is  often  much benefit.   Injudiciously  used,  there is
 occasionally considerable  harm.  One or two  grains of either
 of the former, or a half  grain to one grain of the latter, to
 the ounce of distilled water, is of the ordinary strength.  Their
 strength  maybe increased if necessary.
   A crystal of pure  copper sulphate, smoothly pointed, is
 sometimes used for touching granular lids of  long standing.
 It  is not recommended,  however.   I have never seen  any
 need of its use.
   Zinc Sulphate Solution___
              Sulphate of Zinc, gr., j or ij,
              Water,  =j.
   It is better never to  use  rose water,  as, unless carefully
prepared, it is quite irritating to the eye.
  Zinc Chloride Solution.—
              Chloride of Zinc, gr.  ij,
              Water, f j,
              Dilute Hydrochloric Acid, just enough to make
                a clear  solution. 
76                LOCAL APPLICATIONS.
  Alum Solution.—
              Alum Sul. c. p., gr. iv to gr. x,
              Water, f j.
  Chemically pure  sulphate of  alum  is often  difficult to
obtain.   I never use  any other,  though common  alum is
generally used.
  The above lotions are in common use in the milder  forms
of acute and chronic ophthalmia.   The chloride occasionally
irritates ;  it is especially used in purulent and severe catarrhal
ophthalmia instead of the weak nitrate of silver lotions. The
stronger  alum lotion is  often used in the same cases.  The
alum and sulphate of zinc lotions  may be used frequently on
the conjunctiva; the chloride, even in severe cases, not more
than six times a day.


  Soda Carbonate Solution.—
                Bicarbonate of Soda, gr. x,
                Water, f j.
  Used for softening the crusts in severe ophthalmia tarsi.
Warm milk  and water is usually just as good, however.  A
small quantity of the lotion, diluted with its  own bulk of hot
water, to be used for soaking the edges of the eyelids for ten
or fifteen minutes night and morning.


  Tar and Soda Solution.—
              Carbonate of Soda, 3iss,
              Liquor Carbonis Detergens, 3j to ?ss,
              Water to Oj.
  Used in the same cases as the carbonate of soda, which see. 
                   LOCAL APPLICATIONS.                77

   Borax Solution___
              Biborate of Soda, gr. x,
              Water, §j.

   Used in the same cases as the carbonate of soda, which see.


   Lead.—Lead lotions are not recommended to be used ex-
cept by the experienced.

     1.  Lead Lotion:
           Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis (B. P.), 3j,
           Distilled Water, Oj___(1 in 160.)
   Used in chronic conjunctivitis when the cornea is sound, and
in inflammations of the eyelids and lachrymal sac.

     2.  Spirit Lotion:
            Rectified (or Methylated Spirit), §j,
            Water, §iv.
   Used as an evaporating lotion to allay or prevent inflam-
mation of the wound after operations on the eyelids.

     3. Lead and Spirit Lotion :
              Spirit Lotion, Oj,
              Liquor Plumbi  Subacetatis (B. P.) 3ij.
   Used in the same cases when there is no fear that the cornea
is abraded or ulcerated.
   Mercury.—
              Calomel powder, q. s.
   Used for dustmg on the cornea in some cases of ulceration.
Flicked into the eye from a dry camel-hair brush filled with
the powder. 
78
LOCAL  APPLICATIONS.
   Belladonna Fomentation.—
              Extract of Belladonna, § j. to §ij,
              Water, Oj.
   Warmed in a cup or small basin and  sometimes used as a
hot  fomentation in suppurating  and serpiginous  ulcers of
cornea.


   Cosmoline is valuable in all cases of ciliary blepharitis, pre-
venting the formation of new scales, acting as a demulcent,
and perhaps through absorption exercising some medicinal
influence over the progress of the disease.   It is to be preferred
pure  and uncombined with carbolic acid or anything else.
Vaseline, cloverine, etc., are names of  substitutes said to be
similar in preparation.


Bandages, Etc.—
   Bandages for the eyes  should be of thin flannel.   A linen
or knitted  cotton  bandage,  about ten inches long,'with four
tails of tape, or a loop  of tape embracing the back of the
head  (Liebreich's bandage), is very convenient.
   But I usually follow the  Vienna system of bandaging as
better.
   The protective  bandage consists of a roller of thin flannel
about one to one and one-quarter  inches wide, and four to
six feet long.
   Placing one end a little in front of the auricle opposite to
the eye to be protected, the bandage is  brought across the
forehead and around the head to the point of beginning, and 
LOCAL APPLICATIONS.
79
 thence down over the eye (over which and to fill up even
 with the brow and face, cotton or lint has been placed upon
 a piece of  cloth about two inches square, oiled to prevent
 adhesion to the  skin of the lid and  face) around  under the
 opposite auricle, and back to the beginning, where it is held
 in place by a safety pin.
   The pressure bandage is similar, but of finer flannel  and
 longer.  It is more carefully adjusted,  all wrinkles being
 smoothed out, so as to firmly bind on the forehead and head.
   When so arranged, a firm but gentle pressure can be made
 and strongly secured.
   It requires a little practice to get them properly adjusted,
 but nothing  can  exceed  their efficiency for  the  purposes
 intended.
   AVhen absolute exclusion of  light is desired, it is best to use
 a bandage made of a double fold of some thin black material.
  Fine old linen is better than lint for placing next the skin
in dressing after operations.
   Shades may be made of thin cardboard covered with some
dark material,  or of stout, dark  blue  paper,  like that used
for  making  grocers' sugar-bags.   Shades of  black plaited
straw are also very light and convenient.
   Shades, to be effectual,  should extend to the temple on
each side, so  as to exclude all side light.
   An excellent one, with a spring extending half way around
the head to hold the  shade  in place,  is for  sale  at the op-
tician's shops. 
80
LOCAL APPLICATIONS.
Protective Glasses:  *
   Various patterns of glasses  are made  for  the purpose of
protecting the  eyes from wind, dust, and bright light.  The
glasses  are flat, or  hollow like a watch glass, and colored in
various shades of blue or smoke tint.
  *The subject of Protective Glasses is fully explained, with  illustrative
cuts, in the author's monograph entitled " Spectacles; And How to Choose
Them."   ' 
REFRACTION AND
ACCOMMODATION.
81
REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION.
             ELEMENTARY DEFINITIONS.

   Refraction.—By refraction is  understood the faculty the
 eye  possesses of  focussing certain  rays of  light upon  the
 retina; this is due  to  the  shape of the globe  and the re-
 fracting media, and is independent of  the accommodative
 apparatus.
   Accomodation.—By accommodation is  understood  the vol-
 untary action whereby the  eye becomes adjusted for vision
 of points nearer than is possible  under refraction alone.
   The exact method  of accommodation is not fully settled.
 The most learned theories are those of Dudgeon and Helm-
 holtz.
   In  viewing any  point beyond about eighteen feet,  the
 refraction alone is used, and the accommodation (or the eye
 sometimes) is said to  be at rest; points nearer require  the
 aid  of accommodation.    Any  object situated  more than
 eighteen feet distant from the eye is said to be at an infinite
 distance ;  nearer, at a finite distance.
  Emmetropia (synonym E) is  a term for perfect refrac-
 tion, that state in which parallel  rays are brought to a focus
 upon the retina when  the accommodation is at rest.
  Ametropia is a term for imperfeet  refraction, and  em-
braces  astigmatism,  myopia,  hypermetropia, and by some
authors' presbyopia,  all of which  see.
       6 
 82         REFRACTION AND  ACCOMMODATION.

   An accurate knowledge of the principles of light, physical
 and physiological optics, embracing an intimate familiarity
 with the  dioptrics of  the  eye,  its excellencies and defects
 (requiring a  complete knowledge  of the  higher  mathe-
 matics), is absolutely essential for a thorough comprehension
 of  this subject.   A simple outline only can be presented,
 such as is necessary for an understanding of the main prac-
 tical points, as much  harm   often  results  from  treating
 these complex subjects without understanding them.  Hence
 complete  works must be studied and much practical experi-
 ence gained before it can be successfully attempted.


  ASTHENOPIA ACCOMMODATIVA AT MUSCULARIS.
               Accommodative and Muscular Asthenopia.
                       Synonym: As.
   Definition.—Asthenopia  is a very  common  trouble, and
 is caused, as its name indicates, by a lack  of strength.
   Causes.—Frequently is due to some error in refraction  or
 accommodation.   It is  also due to such  a  multiplicity  of
 other causes however, principal among which are, muscular
 debility from  any cause, as diphtheria,  typhoid  or  other
 fevers;  uterine diseases (kopiopia hysterica);  constitutional
 troubles, etc., etc.; that a thorough  knowledge of general
 medicine and surgery, in its detail, is  essential to their find-
ing and removal.
  Note.—There is no more pitiable spectacle than  to see a
 blind and ignorant dosing  of  a patient thus afflicted, or a
 case treated by a "general expectant"  policy, or  by local
blisters and "eye-washes." 
REFRACTION AND  ACCOMMODATION.         83
   Treatment.—Careful search must be made for the cause,
the refraction  and accommodation corrected  if  in error,
exciting causes removed, a  healthy  regimen  and  hv<riene
ordered, according to the circumstances of the  case.
   Dyer's exercise is valuable when the internal recti  muscles
are affected.   General and local faradization and galvanism
may be used with success.
   The  materia medica  should  be  studied and the  remedy
carefully selected.
   Caution—Do not do  anything until you  know what you
are going to do.  Ascertain the  cause, lay out a definite plan
of treatment, and do  not  wander  up and down the whole
medical field in the vague hope of doing some  good.   When
once  the case  has settled  into a  chronic one,  it  is often
difficult to cure at all.  Such cases  belong to the  highest
branches of the ophthalmologists calling, and their treatment
should  not be undertaken by one  unfamiliar with  what is
known.

                   ASTIGMATISMUS.
                        Irregular Sight.
                       Synonym: A.
   Definition.—Astigmatism is that  state of refraction, when
the eye  being at rest, rays of light emanating from a point are
not re-united at a point.
   Causes.—Asymmetry  of refracting  surfaces, whence  no
image is correctly formed on the retina.  May be congenital
or not, generally is; when not, is due to results of  inflam-
mation  of  cornea, defective union  of cornea after cataract
operations, etc.  Often hereditary. 
84
REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION.
   Symptoms.—Subjective, generally that the eye sees more
than one image, and those  distorted  in  shape and position.
Objectively, with ophthalmoscope, distortion of the fundus;
with oblique illumination, irregular corneal reflections and
changes of curvature.
   Note.—The principal meridians are those of greatest and
least curvature ;  different focal lengths of principal meridians
cause regular astigmatism ; differences of refraction in same
meridiau cause irregular astigmatism, which is incurable by
glasses, though improved by stenopaic apparatus occasionally.
   Regular Astigmatism is called simple when one principal
meridian is emmetropic and the other ametropic, as simple
myopic A (synonym Am); simple hypermetropic A (syno-
nym Ah);  compound, when  both  are hypermetropic or
myopic, but defect greater in one than  the other, as com-
pound myopic A (synonym M-j-Am) ; compound hyperme-
tropic  A (synonym  H -f- Ah);  mixed,  when one  principal
meridian is  hypermetropic, the  other myopic, as  mixed A
with predominant myopia  (synonym Amh); or mixed A
with predominant hypermetropia (synonym Ahm).
   Treatment consists in the adaptation of proper cylindrical
lenses; must often  be  combined with spherical, and some-
times with prismatic, lenses.


                       MYOPIA.
                        Short Sight.
         Synonyms;  Hypometropia;  Brachymetropia; M.
   Definition.—When the accommodation is at rest, and paral-
lel rays of light  entering the eye are focussed in front of 
            REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION.          85

the retina, the condition is called myopia.  Divergent  rays
are focussed upon the retina.
   Causes.—Optic axis too long; too high refractive power.
Often hereditary or congenital.   Anything that  favors  con-
gestion  of the globe,  as straining the eyes at fine  work;
reading  by too dim a light; reading in a  recumbent  pos-
ture ; stooping over at the desk, etc.
   Note.—In myopia the far point lies nearer the eye than in
emmetropia.
   A myopic eye is often considered as necessarily of strong
sight,  and hence not regarded  as unsound.   This  is
erroneous.  While a stationary myopia of low degree  may
not  necessarily  be a  serious matter,  it must  always be
regarded as liable at any time to become progressive; a pro-
gressive myopia of  high or low  degree  is a serious  matter.
One of  high degree, accompanied  by posterior staphyloma,
is dangerous to vision in advanced  life,  always affecting the
sight more or less ; one of  high degree, accompanied  by
posterior  staphyloma (synonyms : myopic arc ; myopic cres-
cent) and  attendant atrophy of the optic nerve, not infre-
quently ends  in  blindness.  The latter grades  are nearly
always attended by asthenopia, much irritation,  and ambly-
opia.
   Myopia  is often confounded  with spasm of the ciliary
muscle, and the latter diagnosed  as myopia.   Spasm of the
ciliary muscle is curable by medicines; myopia seldom, if at
all.  The two  may be associated; the spasm may be over-
looked and an improvement of  the  myopia  supposed to be
accomplished by medicines.
   Myopia  may be diagnosed by the ophthalmoscope, in 
86         REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION.

which case the details  of  the  fundus can be seen by direct
method a short distance away ; carrying the ophthalmoscope
to one side, the fundus is seen to move in the opposite direc-
tion.  On nearer approach a concave glass will be required
to get  a clear erect image.  By the indirect  method  the
details  of the fundus  seem smaller than in an emmetropic
eye.*
   The distance  of  the far point determines the  degree of
myopia.   A patient who does not  see  clearly beyond 32
inches is said to have M ^L-; beyond  12 inches, M ^,  etc.
   A stationary myopia through  youth has a compensation
in that presbyopia does not supervene until the error  due to
myopia is overcome by the senile change.  Sometimes  this
never happens, hence spectacles are never required—a seem-
ing miracle to the laity.
   Much  in  the way  of medical  treatment  can now  be
accomplished by one familiar with what is known, a subject
too vast for so elementary a work as this.
   Treatment.—The myopia must be neutralized by concave
spherical  lenses ; generally the weakest that can be worn.
Other  associated  troubles  must  be treated   as  indicated.
But glasses must not  be given if the  range of  accommo-
dation  is contracted,  or there be an undue   acuteness  of
sight.  Neither should they be  ordered if the myopia is
slight, and the occupation one not requiring them.

  *This subject being one  of great practical importance, the author of
this work has published a monograph entitled, The Ophthalmoscope; Its
Theory and Practical Uses,  in which full instructions are given. 
REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION.
87
                  HYPERMETROPIA.
                         Over-Sight,
                       Synonym:  H.
  Definition. — When  the accommodation is  at rest, and
parallel rays of light entering the eye are focussed  behind
the retina, the condition is called hypermetropia.  Conver-
gent rays are focussed upon the retina.
  Causes.—Optic axis too short;  senile changes in the eye ;
aphakia, or absence of the lens.  Too low refractive power.
May be congenital and hereditary.
  Note.__In  hypermetropia  the eye cannot  see  distant
objects without  using a  certain  amount  of  the accomoda-
tion, or what  is the same thing, a convex lens; in emme-
tropia  no accommodation is  used  for distant  objects, the
refraction  &wne  sufficing.   This  abnormal   use  of the
accomodation overtasks the eye, causing spasm of the ciliary
muscle, strabismus, etc.   Latent  H, or HI, is that which  is
habitually  concealed, and only revealed  by the  use  of   a
strong  mydriatic; manifest  H,  or  Hm,  is  that  which
is present  without the  use  of a  mydriatic.   The latter  is
represented by the strongest convex lens through which the
patient  sees distant objects most acutely; the total H, by
the strongest  convex lens through  which the patient sees
distant  objects most acutely  after a  strong mydriatic has
acted ; the difference between the two represents the latent.
  Of late years H has been greatly  elucidated, and  strabis-
mus, blepharitis, many  so-called scrofulous troubles, etc.,
have been found to originate therein.
  H is divided into three kinds: facultative, that in which
patient  sees near  and far objects clearly with  or without 
88          REFRACTION AND ACC0M0MDATI0N.

convex lenses;  relative, in which  patient sees near and  far
objects clearly, but only by converging visual lines to points
nearer than the objects, giving the  eyes a periodic squint;
absolute, in which  neither near or far objects  can be seen
clearly without convex lenses.
  In examining patients, it should  be borne in mind that
the two eyes will often  be found to differ greatly, either in
grade, or kind of defect.  One eye may be M and the other
H,  or one eye E and the other H or M,  forming anisome-
tropia, or one highly myopic and  the other slightly, anisome-
tropic  myopia;  or similarly  hypermetropic,  anisometropic
hypermetropia;  or one with Amh and the other  M-f-Ani ;
or Ahm and Amh, etc.*
  H may be diagnosed  by the ophthalmoscope, with which
the details of the fundus may be seen some distance away ;
carrying the ophthalmoscope to one side the fundus  moves
in the same direction.   On nearer approach a  convex glass
will be  required to  get a clear  erect image.  By indirect
method, the details of  the fundus look larger than in an
emmetropic eye-t
  Treatment.—Correct the refraction by suitable  convex
spherical  lenses.  Appropriate medical treatment is a valu-
able auxiliary to the mechanical relief.
* See note at the foot of page 90.
f See note at the foot of page 86. 
            REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION.         89

                     PRESBYOPIA.
                         Old Sight.
                   Synonyms: Far-sight; Pr.
   Definition.—Presbyopia is the term applied to the dimin-
ished  range of  accommodation  consequent  on  age.   It
consists  in  a recession of  the near point.   It  was formerlv
supposed to be the opposite condition of myopia.
   Causes—Still  in dispute.   Increasing hardness of lens.
Perhaps flattening of the cornea.
   Note.—The recession of the near point begins  in  youth
in  all eyes and  gradually advances, but does not become
inconvenient until about the fortieth year.   First noticed by
inability to see small objects as near as formerly; they must
be  put farther away,  especially in the evening.   It should  *
be remembered that distant  vision  remains unimpaired, or
nearly so.   Hypermetropic eyes are affected earlier; myopic
later, and occasionally not at all.  It is wrong  to  delay the
use of lenses when needed; they should be given as soon as
the affection becomes inconvenient.
   Treatment.—Correct the presbyopia by convex  spherical
lenses.


              SPECTACLES,   OR  LENSES.

  Definition.—The term lens is now given to all transparent
masses  terminating at least on one  side  by  a spherical,
cylindrical  or prismatic surface.
  Note.—In  ophthalmic practice  two forms of lenses  are
generally used, spherical and cylindrical.   A spherical lens 
90
REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION.
 is a  segment of a sphere ;  a cylindrical, the  segment of a
 cylinder.  A third form is sometimes used called & prismatic
 lens.  There are six  kinds of spherical lenses used, plano-
 convex,  bi-convex,  positive  or concavo-convex  meniscus,
 plano-concave, bi-concave  and  negative or convexo-concave
 meniscus.   Convex lenses are called positive  and designated
 by the sign + ;  concave lenses are called minus and desig-
 nated by the sign —.   When not  otherwise expressed a bi-
 convex lens is understood to  be meant.   All spectacles for
 the aid of the eye are composed of  some of the various forms
 of lenses.*   A thorough knowledge of their uses  and  com-
 ponent materials is all-essential  to their successful  adapta-
 tion.   Erroneously adapted they injure and not infrequently
 destroy sight.

  * This subject has been made the basis for an elementary monograph by
the author of this work, entitled, Spectacles;  And How to Choose Them,
to which the reader is referred.  Directions as to the proper adaptation,
selection, etc., of spectacles, or lenses, with test types for practical use, are
given, with profuse illustrations. 
THE  LIDS.
91
THE LIDS.
               GENERAL  DEFINITIONS.

   The Lids are subject to the same  diseases as the  other
parts of the general integument,  such as eczema, cancer,
erysipelas,  ecchymosis,  abscess, acne,  warts, nsevi, .etc., and
require same treatment as  when occurring in other parts,
except that it must always be borne in mind that the danger
from resultant cicatrices and inflammatory action generally
is very great, and  often entails irremediable  injury which,
from similar inflammation, could elsewhere be disregarded.
   Ectropion is  an eversion of the lid, exposing the conjunc-
tiva] surface.
   Entropion is an inversion of the lid, by which the edge of
the lid or the  covering  integument is in  contact with the
globe.
   Ptosis  is  a drooping of the upper  lid, either wholly or in
part; may be caused by paralysis of third nerve, injury of
levator muscle, or swelling and increased weight of the  lid
from inflammation.
   Trichiasis is an inversion of the  cilia, so that they rub
on the globe.
  Distichiasis is a similar affection, except that there appears
to be a double row of cilia.
  Treatment.—For the radical cure of these deformities, 
92
THE  LIDS.
when present in an  aggravated  degree,  an  operation  is
necessary as a rule.   Many  cases  of  minor  degree,  and
sometimes of a more serious  character, are cured by the
appropriate remedy combined with simpler treatment, how-
ever.   Temporary relief from the latter two may be had by
pulling out—epilation—the offending lashes.
  Requires an exhaustive knowledge of their causes, etc., for
which the larger works must be consulted and the knowledge
thus gained combined with experience.
               BLEPHARITIS CILIARIS.
                Inflammation of the Edge of the Lid.
Synonyms:  Blepharitis  marginalis;  Tinea Tarsi; Ophthalmia  Tarsi;
                        Lippitudo.
  Chief Causes.—Exposure to irritating influences; general
debility; filth ;  anomalous refraction ; occurs duriug course
of other inflammations.
  Symptoms.—If seen early, edge of lid is hypereemic; soon
becomes swollen, shiny and smooth.  Little pustules appear
about the roots of the lashes, leaving often small ulcerations
and fissures.   The discharges aggregate  into small yellow
scabs, sticking the lashes together.
  Note. — This is frequently an  obstinate  and  recurrent
disease.  If it progresses to a great extent, the lashes  often
fall out and leave the lid bald—madarosis—which becomes
hard and calloused—tylosis.  The  glands  along the edge of
the lids may also become inflamed—blepharadenitis.
  Local Treatment.—Absolute cleanliness of the edge of the
lid.  The scabs should be gently soaked  off (not  torn off) 
THE LIDS.
93
with  warm  water, or warm  milk and water, several times
daily, and a little pure cosmoline rubbed on the cleansed and
dried margin.  A silver nitrate solution  may be advantage-
ously used.   If at fault,  it  is all-essential to correct the
refraction by suitable lenses.
                 Internal  Remedies.

  Aconitum napellus.—In the acute variety, aconite will be
found  useful, especially when this disease is caused by ex-
posure to cold, dry winds.
  The lids are swollen—especially the upper—hot, dry, and
extremely sensitive to the air.
  Argentum nitricum is indicated when there is profuse dis-
charge, causing the lids to stick together.
  Better in the open air, and with cold applications, are also
good indications for its use.
  Arsenicum  album is often an  indicated  remedy in  this
trouble.
  It is  indicated by  burning  and  inflammation  of the
margins of the lids, which are thick,  red  and excoriated by
the acrid discharges from the eyes.
  The general symptoms, such as the restlessness, thirst, and
characteristic  burning pains, often guide to its selection.
  Aurum metallicum is a valuable remedy when this trouble
is associated with granulated lids.
  It is also well known as a remedy useful in syphilitic  and
scrofulous patients,  and  thus  may  prove  a useful  inter-
current. 
94
THE LIDS.
   Calcarea carbonica is to be used when ciliary blepharitis
is  found in rjot-bellied,  sickly  children, who sweat  much
about the head.
   In  the characteristic  child, it  will often  work seeming
wonders, and is to be thought of in all such cases.
   Cantharis will be found valuable in chronic cases with in-
durated, red and swollen lids.
   It seems necessary to give  it quite low, hence the general
symptoms should  be watched that it may be stopped when
in other ways it is contra-indicated.
   Graphites.—But for the  large majority of cases, no  better
remedy can be found than  graphites.
   I have seen it cure when other seemingly better-indicated
remedies had been vainly tried.
   It is exceedingly valuable when the inflammation is  found
in scrofulous subjects whose cheeks and lids are covered with
an eczematous eruption extending behind the ears,  which
eruption is  moist, with fissures which bleed easily.
   When the inflammation, however, is confined to the canthi,
especially the  outer  canthus, which are  cracked and  bleed
easily on opening or  attempting  to open them, it will  be
found almost a specific.
   In eczema, with a general  scurfy condition of the lid mar-
gins, it is invaluable.
   Mercurius.—In  mercurius, especially  the corrosivus, we
have a remedy called for when the secretions are thin, exco-
riating, with profuse acrid lachrymation.
   The lids are  thick, swollen, red and  very sensitive  to the
touch.   Scabs and  scales  are  found on  the lid  margins, 
THE LIDS.
95
which bleed on  the  removal of the crusts unless  it is very
gently done.
   All the symptoms  are aggravated by  warmth,  whether
from artificial or natural heat, as before  the fire, or in bed,
or on exercising.
   Nux vomica is curative often when the inflammation arises
from some stomach disorder.
   In such cases, other remedies which  exert  a particular
effect upon  gastric troubles  may  be  better  indicated, and
should be considered, and if necessary, intercurrently used.
   Pulsatilla nigricans is an extremely  useful remedy when
the inflammation is found in the characteristic subjects.
   When ciliary blepharitis is associated with styes, it is cura
tive  of both.
   Itching, burning, possibly a bland discharge, especially in
those who eat greasy food and  crowd their stomachs, are
relieved.
   All symptoms are better in  the open  air, and  towards
evening.
   Silica has also been found a valuable remedy.
   It is indicated in a scurfy, scabby condition of the  margins
of the lids, which slight irritation causes to bleed.
   The HJs are not indurated and the bleeding seems wholly
out of proportion to the injury done by the  irritation, as on
tearing off the little scales.
   No one remedy will  be found more generally applicable
and curative.
   Sulphur would seemingly be more useful than it has been
found to be. 
96
THE  LIDS.
   After a suppressed eruption, blepharitis supervening would
call for this drug.
   Pains, if present, are of a sticking, burning nature.
   In scrofulous children it is  often useful as an intercurrent.
   An eczematous appearance  of the lids in ciliary blepharitis
is  well met  by this remedy, especially  where the remedy is
used following graphites, or some similar remedy.
   Good indications are often found in its general character-
istics, though too much reliance  must  not  be placed upon
them in this trouble. 
LACHRYMAL APPARATUS.
97
LACHRYMAL APPARATUS.
                  DACRYOCYSTITIS.
              Acute Inflammation of the Lachrymal Sac.
                 Synonym: Abscess of the Sac.
  Chief Causes.—Chronic disease  of tear passages; nasal
catarrh ;  conjunctivitis;  injury ; exposure.
  Symptoms.—Tenderness, redness and puffy swelling over
the region of the sac and lids, accompanied  by great pain.
When disease is  not arrested the abscess bursts through the
skin.
  Note.—The abscess should not be  allowed  to  burst ex-
ternallv,  as  this  forms a fistula lachrymalis; which is often
exceedingly  difficult  to  cure.   When  such  happens,  the
natural course of the discharge being established, the fistula
must be healed by stimulating its edges ; if they have become
covered with skin, pare the  edges and unite with a stitch.
  Local Treatment.—Open up the  canaliculus to let pus out
that way, and  keep it open  with probes.  If the  skin over
the abscess is in  imminent danger  of bursting it is better to
open the abscess with a knife than allow  it to burst; then
apply hot lotions  and encourage  suppuration.  As soon as
possible heal up the fistula and  get the pus through the
opened canaliculus.  Ice-water lotions and indicated  remedy
will often cut short an attack if used in the beginning.
       7 
<J8
LACHRYMAL APPARATUS.
               DACRYO-BLENNORRHffiA.
              Chronic Inflammation of the Lachrymal Sac.
                     Synonym: Mucocele.
   Chief Causes.—Same as Dacryo-eystilis.  Faulty position
 of the puucta.
   Symptoms.—Constant irritability and watering of the eye;
 variable swelling of the sac which, on pressure, discharges pus.
   Note.—Mucocele has associated with  it many troubles,
 which are also sometimes independent.   Strictures of the
 lachrymal duct are very  common, and  must  be  cured by
 operation or treatment before this affection can  be overcome.
 This  trouble is generally of tedious  recovery,  and if mal-
 treated seldom gets well.   In  exceptional cases, after all
 other treatment  has  failed,  the sac  must be  obliterated.
 Inasmuch as syphilis plays an important part in all lachrymal
 troubles, its presence must be  suspected.
  Local Treatment—First, the passages must be opened and
 kept free by probing or otherwise.   In  this great delicacy
 must  be observed.  Great harm usually  is done  from too
 much force and  senseless wrenching, and as a result, few
 cases comparatively are cured.  It is better to let them alone
than to try to  cure them by probing only.   Probing is a del-
icate  matter,  requiring care  and experience.   Astringent
injections may be made  with benefit.
                Internal  Remedies.
  Aconitum napellus  in  acute cases  will relieve the
swelling and inflammation. 
LACHRYMAL APPARATUS.
99
  It is indicated when there is great  tenderness on slight
pressure, the parts being hot and dry, with a general fever.
  Belladonna is indicated in recent cases, when the parts are
greatly swollen, with a throbbing and beating in them.
  The skin looks red, feels  hot, with excessive tenderness on
pressure.
  Hepar sulphuris promotes the secretion of pus, and is indi-
cated when there is great sensitiveness to cold, as well as to
the touch.
  It also is useful when the canaliculi are opened and a free
exit made  for the abnormal secretions.
  Pulsatilla nigricans  will  be  called for when the pus  is
bland  and  profuse, or stringy at times.
  In  the characteristic subject, there is often  benefit, but I
have not seen  that general applicability we might be led to
suspect.
  Rhus toxicodendron.—Khus is particularly called for when
there  is a  tendency to abortive suppuration,  or when the
parts look  erysipelatous.
  It has been  found  very useful in cases which seemed to
resist the other remedies when the patient was known to be
of an erysipelatous family.
  The parts seem unduly painful, with much  apprehension
of the result on the part of the  patient.
  Silica.—In silica is found the most useful remedy we have
in the chronic  form.
  The patient  is sensitive to cold air and particularly so to
the touch of the parts.
  To alleviate  the resultant soreness after probing, to  con-
trol the discharge, aud generally as  a remedy in  chronic
cases, it is  equalled by no other remedy. 
100
INJURIES.
INJURIES.
                   TO THE GLOBE.
  Injuries to the globe, or its appendages, when extensive,
are of so serious a nature as to demand the services of one
specially skilled in their treatment.
  The scope of this work precludes a thorough examination
of the subject, but especial  attention  is  directed to those
wounds of the ciliary region of the globe, or sclera near it,
which seemingly slight, are extremely productive of  sympa-
thetic ophthalmia.
  Most  dangerous of  all in  their liability to  set up  this
terrible disease, and with scarcely enough exceptions to prove
the rule, are those cases in which  the wound is penetrating:
wounds from blunt points being especially dangerous.
  After these, in point of danger, next come  those wounds
of the sclera or cornea, when in the process of repair, a por-
tion of the iris, ciliary  processes, or anterior portion of the
lens capsule has become entangled.
  On pages 41 and 42, hints have been given as to the treat-
ment ; but no general  practitioner should attempt the  con-
duct of  such  cases unless  thoroughly familiar with the
subject, or under  the advice, and with the co-operation,  of
some one who is. 
INJURIES.
101
                  FROM  QUICKLIME.

  Injuries to the eye from the accidental contact of quicklime,
mortar, lime-plaster, etc., are very common, and cause partial
or complete destruction of the eye.  The space of one or two
minutes is sometimes sufficient for this, their effect being most
disastrous on the cornea, producing acute  keratitis, subacute
keratitis, slough, panophthalmitis, with resultant leucoma or
nebulous  condition.  Symblepharon, ankyloblepharon, etc.,
are also results of such injuries.
   Local  Treatment.—Remove  at once  all the foreign sub-
stance, being extremely particular that all is taken out, after
which freely syringe with warm water.  A spasm of the lids
often  makes this  very difficult.  If seen very  early, dilute
acetic acid  (one drachm to one and a half ounces of water),
or vinegar and water should  at once be put  into the eye.
 This will form acetate of lime, which is innocuous.   At the
 time it  is likely  to  be seen by the physician, however, this
 stage is past, and a little sweet oil  may be dropped  between
 the lids.
   The great tendency is for the lids to adhere  to the globe
 (svmblepharon) or together (ankyloblepharon) owing to the
 raw  surface made by the burn.  These  adhesions must be
 broken up by a probe dipped in sweet oil, and  every attempt
 made to prevent their  re-forming.  A mild, nmco-purulent
 discharge may set in; to be treated as laid down under that
 form of  conjunctivitis.    The resultant  corneal opacity is
 usually indelible;  no acid will remove it.
    Caution.—Bo  not stain an abraded  cornea with  silver 
1<>2
INJURIES.
nitrate, and do not use any lead preparations in such a con-
dition.
  When there is a slough, a lotion of an ounce of  glycerine
to six or seven ounces of distilled water will be found very
soothing,
  General  Treatment  should  not  be neglected,  as severe
iujuries to the eye  often greatly affect the system.


                     FROM  ACIDS.

  Strong sulphuric or  nitric acids are often splashed or
thrown into the eyes  by peculiar accidents, by design, etc.,
and  require immediate attention.  They act chemically on
the tissues of the eye,  and  if  in sufficiently large quantities
disorganize the parts and produce sloughs more or less serious.
There is great danger of symblepharon resulting.  The cornea
is liable to suppurate if the epithelium be destroyed.
  Local Treatment.—Copious, deluging  quantities  of water
should be used—a little will do harm.  Syringe out the eyes
with a weak alkaline solution; drop olive oil between the lids,
place oiled linen on the closed lids and apply a roller bandage
and  pad.   After-treatment same as that for quicklime.


             FROM  BURNS AND  SCALDS.

  Burns and scalds affect  the eye in a  manner  similar to
other parts of the body though more, so that a slight  scald
elsewhere becomes serious here.  A scald whitens the surface, 
INJURIES.                     103
vesicates the epithelium and produces general redness of the
lids and eye.
  Local Treatment.—Involves three points:  (1) to use that
which excludes the air  best;  (2)  that all parts involved in
the burn must slough, hence  to  use soothing lotions until
this stage be past; (3) the sloughs  having separated, healthy
granulations spring up and stimulating applications must be
used.    Therefore, during the first stage put in a few drops of
olive  oil, cleanse the discharges from the eye  with a glycerine
lotion, and  cover  the eye with a little  cotton wool held in
place by a turn of a roller bandage.   If the lids are  severely
burned, before applying the cotton wool put  on  lint  snaked
in carron-oil (about equal parts linseed oil and lime water).
During  second stage if the burns are  severe and sloughs
separating,  leave off the bandage and apply soothing applica-
tions.  Frequently bathe with glycerine lotion  ; if very painful
foment with decoctions; or, if there is no granulating wound
of external surface, apply cloth repeatedly wetted with bella-
donna  lotion.  Third  stage;  when sloughs  have separated
from the eye, or mucous surfaces of lids, or if conjunctivitis
be present with muco-purulent discharge, treat  as indicated
under those troubles.
  Note.—The treatment of the resulting  cicatrices from
accidents and injuries, as well as the direct injury, often
involves delicate parts so seriously as to require  very skillful
aid to save  sight, etc.   The  chances for a favorable operation
afterward depend  much on the  care given  at the time of
injury. 
104
INJURIES.
               FROM FOREIGN BODIES.
  Foreign bodies in all parts of the eye require removal as
the only sure means of relief.
  When lodged under the lid or on the conjunctiva, the lid
should be turned over in the manner  explained on page 20,
when their removal is an easy matter.   The manner of their
removal from the cornea has also been explained on page 20.
  When embedded in the sclera and especially in the ciliary
region, or lodged in the  anterior chamber,  iris, lens,  or
deeper structures of  the eye, the  case  should be referred to
one familiar with what is known concerning eye diseases. 
TUMORS.
105
TUMORS.
                     IN GENERAL.

   Tumors of the orbit, conjunctiva, iris,  etc., are seldom
amenable to internal treatment, and must be removed by an
operation.

                 MINOR LID-TUMORS.
   Minor lid-tumors, of two  kinds, are so common, however,
that their treatment may be considered here.
   Hordeolum.—Synonym, Stye.   Is an inflammation of the
sebaceous glands  of  a hair  follicle.   Treatment  consists
in  proper remedy internally—pulsatilla  or  staphysagria
usually—but if not seen in time, encourage suppuration with
hot fomentations externally, silica internally, and evacuate
the resultant pus.
   Chalazion.—A  tumor usually about  the size  of a  pea,
caused by the closure of a duct of a meibomian gland and
consequent retention  of secretion.   Located  in  cartilage,
nearest conjunctival covering, skin over same freely movable
and natural in color.  Usually several at a time or recurrent.
Filled with pus or fatty material, according as inflammation
has or has not set in.   Treatment  consists in evacuating
contents  and  causing the sac to adhere by artificially excited
inflammation. 
 
AURAL  THERAPEUTICS. 
 
Aural    Therapeutics,
EXTERNAL  EAR.
              THE  AUDITORY  CANAL.

  Foreign Bodies.—All  descriptions of foreign  bodies are
found in the external auditory canal.   Detailed summary
useless.   Pins and needles, beans, peas, marbles, etc., all find
a lodging place there.  Greatest danger is from  injudicious
attempts to remove thein, or attempts to blindly probe  with-
out seeing what is being done.  All kinds of injuries, and
even death, have thus most needlessly been produced.
  Treatment.—Never do anything until a thorough inspection
with an otoscope has been made.   Then decide what is best
to do, and do not poke around  with a probe in the vague
wanderings  of  an  uncertain hope  that  good  may  result.
Proper patient syringing will remove almost  every kind  of
body.  There are a great many known ingenious devices,
some excellent, some  quite  the  reverse.   When, however,
instruments  are necessary, anaesthetize  the patient and cau-
tiously dislodge the body and syringe it out.   It requires
trained hands to properly work within an ear. 
110
EXTERNAL EAR.
  Inspissated  Cerumen, or  dried  and hardened  ear-wax,  is
frequently found in the auditory canal, and should be removed
on the same principle as any other foreign body.  Its presence
must be regarded as a symptom  of disease,  and its removal
but the precursor of other treatment.
  The symptoms of its presence are ringing in the ears, deaf-
ness, sense of fullness, more or less pain, and often  reeling
and staggering.   It is easily seen with the otoscope.
  It is not advisable to remove it all at one  operation, unless
small in amount and easily loosened.   When intensely hard,
as it  often is, some solvent (glycerine and oils  are  simply
useless,) such as ten to twelve grains bicarbonate  of soda to
an ounce  of water, or even  a saturated solution, may be
instilled several times shortly before its removal is attempted.
  Caution.—Never use any force to wrench out  this sub-
stance.  The canal is too delicate to bear violent treatment.
  After all is removed, and care should be taken to see that
such is the case, a little cotton to deaden the shock  of the
now increased sounds may be used.
Hints.—
  1. The throwing off of  small whitish, or  wdiitish-yellow,
scurf  or scales from the  canals indicates trouble with the
throat and inter-communicating districts.
  2. Discharges from  the ears may originate either in the
external auditory canal, the middle ear, or the cavity of the
skull.  An abscess of the brain may burst through the  petrous
portion of the temporal  bone  and discharge through the
external auditory orifice.
  3. Do not  conclude because  a discharge  is  maintained
through the  external auditory canal in a case of pus in the 
EXTERNAL EAR.
Ill
mastoid cells, that the one opening is sufficient, and no danger
to be apprehended.  The pus mav be burrowing internally at
the same time.
   4.  The ears bleed from too great exertion, as from coughing,
vomiting, screaming, etc. ; from abnormal atmospheric pres-
sure ; from blows on the head, and  falls.
   5.  Changes in the secretion of  the ear-wax are hi most
cases due to a chronic inflammation of the canal.  In them-
selves they are generally more an indication than a cause of
auditory disease.

                      FURUNCULI.
                           Boils.
             Synonym:  Circumscribed  Inflammation.
   Symptoms.—When seated either in a hair follicle or cerumi-
nous gland, the furuncle has in its centre a circumscribed
core which must be discharged before resolution takes place.
But if seated where the  swrollen,  inflamed connective tissue
cannot extend itself, as upon bone,  the symptoms of tension
will be much more severe.   The pain will therefore be much
greater in the latter than in the former case.   In mild cases
it is of a burning,  sticking or itching character.   In all cases
it is accompanied  by more or less systemic disturbance, such
as fever,  sleeplessness,  and  loss  of  appetite.   The  auditory
canal becomes excessively tender, an examination becomes a
great dread;  a slight touching with a probe causes extreme
agony.  The swelling  is  not  always  well marked,  and on
account of the closing of the canal  it is difficult to find their
exact seat.   One may recover only to be succeeded by another
and another. 
112
EXTERNAL EAR.
   Local Treatment.—Incise them promptly and use hot water
to promote suppuration.   If not well marked, find the most
tender  point and incise that.   There is no  harm from the
free bleeding which may result.   No person who has a recur-
rence will ever object to  the knife a second  time; its  action
is most refreshing.   The knife should be extremely clean and
sharp.


                        ECZEMA,
                  Divisions :  Acute and Chronic.
   Symptoms.—The acute form generally begins with more or
less systemic disturbance, and appears locally by the forma-
tion of vesicles upon the auricle and within the canal.  These
soon burst with a discharge of thin serous fluid, which spreads
over the skin and dries there, forming crusts or scales.  The
bursted vesicles form scabs, which if peeled  off expose a red
surface.   The denuded skin under these vesicles ulcerates and
pus forms.  If a cloth bo applied to the  discharge  from the
vesicles, it soon  becomes stiff, the discharge drying rapidly.
The effusion being always considerable,  the  auricle becomes
swollen and stiff, cracks,  and fissures, and the swelling of the
canal causes some  tinnitus and deafness.   The itching and
burning is most annoying, but if the vesicles be scratched or
torn the trouble is only increased.
   Chronic form.—The febrile symptoms and  local swelling,
itching  and burning subside, the vesicles  collapse, and drv
scabs or crusts take their place.   Underneath the scabs will
be found considerable pus.   The skin is no longer moist but
dry, rough, and generally dirty. 
EXTERNAL EAR.
113
  Note.—Eczema  is a most troublesome affection, but gets
well under patient treatment, and good  hygienic conditions.
When the chronic form is present, consequent on the cessation
of menstrual life, taking  the place of the usual headaches, it
is often exceedingly annoying and obstinate.  The irritation
from the clothing sets up and perpetuates a discharge which
in turn soils the former,  and extends down the neck.
  Local Treatment.—Whatever may be the immediate  cause
of eczema, which at present is at least in dispute, hair-medi-
cines, face-powders, brass ear-rings, etc., aggravate the trouble
and must be done away with.   Syringing  with hot  water
allays the itching and keeps the ear clean.
                Internal  Remedies.

  Alumina is indicated  in  eczema with  chronic  inflamma-
tion  of the auditory canals, accompanied by  dryness  and
smarting.
  Apis mellifica often cures when the parts are red, oedema-
tous  and accompanied by stinging, burning pains.
  Arsenicum album should  be thought of  when the eczema
has burning, stinging, biting discharge, and intense itching.
  The discharge is thin, ichorous, and  excoriating.
  Croton tiglium is indicated when the auricle and canal are
hot,  flushed, and covered with pustules.
  There is intense itching of the canal, worse at night.
  Graphites meets eczema well in scrofulous subjects.
  The various parts of the  ear fissure and crack  easily, and
are surrounded by thick, moist scabs.
       8 
114
EXTERNAL EAR.
   There is heat, dryness and pressure in the canals ; scurfs,
moisture and soreness behind the auricles.
   Mercurius is indicated when there are sharp, irritating dis-
charges, worse at night.
   Pulsatilla when the discharges are mild and bland ; in the
characteristic subject.
   Rhus toxicodendron should be tried in the form with the
characteristic rhus eruption.
   Silica is an excellent remedy, when  there is a dry, bran-
like scurf.
   It is also a valuable intercurrent.
   Sulphur  may be  used as   an  intercurrent; particularly
suited as such with arsenicum and rhus.
   Tellurium  has been  found useful when, accompanying
eczema, there is an otorrhcea which smells like fish-brine.
   The discharge causes a vesicular eruption  upon the ex-
ternal ear and neck wherever it touches the skin.
                  OTITIS PARASITICA.
                       Vegetable Fungi.

  The auditory canal is  frequently the  seat of  a  class  of
parasites which niaterially aggravate or cause inflammations
of the part.   Most commonly they are secondary to eczema.
They can be seen only by the microscope.
  This subject has of late attracted much attention, and the
literature of the day should be consulted for the latest dis-
coveries.
  Symptoms.—Sensation  of  fulness, deafness, vertigo, heavy 
EXTERNAL EAR.
115
dull pain, blackish or whitish flakes  blocking  up the canal
and adhering to its walls.
  Treatment consists in removing all  traces and subduing the
inflammation.   The forceps and hot water meet these indica-
tions better than any of the many parasiticides recommended.
                    THE  AURICLE.

  The auricle is the seat of few troubles not associated with
the canal, or other adjacent parts.
  Frost-bites  are  common; require  no medical  treatment
unless to exclude the air by emollient cerates or collodion.
  Diffuse inflammation and  abscesses should be carefully
treated, as they are liable to produce great  deformity.
  It  should  be  borne  in mind that  psoriasis,   ichthyosis,
comedo,  acne, and other dermatological, as well as syphilitic
diseases,  attack this  organ.
  Malformations and malignant diseases are rare.
  Deposits of urate of soda are often noticed in  gouty sub-
jects, and may cause some pain.
Hints.—
  1.  Redness, constant or frequently recurring, indicates
ha'inorrhoidal affections,  menstrual derangement, or  faulty
action of the abdominal organs.
  2.  Marked redness, hi children  newly-born, is a sign of
premature Ibirth.
  3.  Swollen, habitual and not inflammatory, are  indications
of a scrofulous condition ; inflammatorv, are due to eruptions,
injuries, etc. 
116
EXTERNAL EAR.
  4.  Redness, is also seen in inflammatory and congestive
conditions of the head and ears.
  5.  Flushes, are often noticed before bleeding at the nose,
apoplexy, etc. ; but may be caused by mental emotions.
  6.  Small, purplish, inflammatory or suppurating  pimples
or spots on the auricles indicate chronic syphilis.
  7.  Marked displacement, with slight ante- or retro-version
of the auricles, often occurs in mastoid disease, or  when  pus
burrows under the scalp.
  8.  They are hot in diseases of the throat or larynx, or after
straining the voice ;  and in diseases of the head and ears.
  9.  They are cold in spasms, chills and from exhaustion.  In
hysterical persons cold auricles indicate the  approach  of  an
hysterical spasm; in mania and  delirium  they  indicate  a
cessation of the paroxysm.  Habitually cold auricles are found
on weak and chlorotic persons.
  10.  They also  grow pale from exhaustion, the action of
frost, loss of vital fluids, fright, chills and spasms.  A marked
paleness of the left auricle is said to indicate inflammation of
the  spleen. 
MIDDLE EAR.
117
MIDDLE  EAR.
       OTITIS  ACUTA  MEDIA  CATARRHALIS.
                       Acute Catarrh.
  Characterized  by a tendency to harden and stiffen  the
original tissues.
  Chief Causes.-—Colds in the head  ; exanthematous diseases;
continued fevers;  exposure  to  cold  and wet in any  form.
Sometimes spontaneous.
  Symptoms.—Sensation  of  fulness in the ear; hardness of
hearing; noises in the ear, often very annoying; pain worse
at night, when delirium may set hi; vertigo, and sometimes
nausea;  general  fever;  catarrh of  the pharynx;  anxious
expression of the countenance ;  great restlessness.   Membra-
num tympani swollen and injected.
  Note.—Acute  catarrh  is an  inflammation which causes a
secretion of mucus but stops short  of the production of pus.
  Absorption usually takes place, or the secretion is expelled
through the Eustachian tubes.
  The symptoms given  are those  of the heaviest form.  A
light form  also attacks, and is very insidious in its course.
It generally affects only one, but may affect both ears.   It has
no pain, causes little deafness, but produces an uncomfortable
stuffiness of the ears, and usually slight tinnitus.  The niem-
branum tympani shows  only  the  slightest  if  any change.
Patient usually gives slight attention to it, and it goes away 
118
MIDDLE EAR.
in a few days, often to early return again and again until it
becomes securely seated.
   In its severer forms this disease may easily be mistaken for
cerebritis  or meningitis.   The inflammation generally starts
from the pharyngeal end of the tube, but may be reversed.
The pain is not generally so severe as in the acute suppurative
form, being of a darting nature and not especially limited  to
the ear; often mistaken for  neuralgia.   It is increased by
talking, coughing, sneezing, etc., and often forms the  chief
complaint.  Alteration in  tone  of voice, subjective sounds,
etc., often accompany this trouble.
   Scarlet fever especially  of the  cxanthematous diseases,
shows the greatest tendency to implicate the middle ear, and
though the result is generally  of the suppurative form, being
neglected terrible results follow.
   To avoid mistakes, either in diagnosis  or treatment, look
into the ears of all suspected cases.   The "earache" of child-
hood is identical with the milder forms of this disease.
   Local Treatment.—In the early stages, prompt application
of the hottest water that can be borne, constantly increasing
its heat as it  can be tolerated.  The aural douche is best for
this, or  a bag syringe, the bag being hung up at a sufficient
height to give the requisite gentle force.  A few drops of a
two- to five-grain solution of  atropia sulphate dropped  into
the ear, provided the drum-head be imperforate, will quickly,
in  combination with  hot water,  relieve the  worst  pain.
Children only require a solution of  one-half the strength.  A
little  squirting of warm water  with a half ounce, or ounce,
glass  syringe  around  the auricle,   or down  the neck,  as is
usually done,  will not suffice.  Inflation of the tympanum 
MIDDLE EAR.
119
with Politzer's apparatus, or otherwise, is necessary to let out
the secretions;  or if much is secreted, or inflation impracti-
cable,  paracentesis  of  the  drum-head should  be at once
performed and  repeated as often as essential.   Well done, no
harm whatever will follow.   If attack is mild, inflation and
remedies will control.
   Keep the patient from stuffing the ear with oils, molasses,
onions, or other troublesome foreign bodies.  If the mastoid
region becomes involved, a free incision should  be made (see
Mastoid Complications).  Poultices to the  internal parts are
dangerous, and not to be used unless absolutely necessary, it
being almost impossible to limit their effect.
   The great object of the treatment is to prevent suppuration.
When once suppuration has set  in  however, the case has
become one of  the suppurative form,  and  must be treated
accordingly.


        OTITIS  ACUTA  MEDIA  PURULENTA.
                      Acute  Suppuration.
   Characterized by  a tendency to  break down and destroy the
original tissues.
   Chief Causes.—Often a direct result of somewhat prolonged
acute catarrh ;  always preceded by it,  though in  many cases
the former is overlooked and discharge of pus the first thing
noticed.
   Symptoms.—In severe cases the symptoms are rapid and
violent.  All the symptoms of acute catarrh are present,
greatly intensified, as  a rule.  The pain is intense, causing
great suffering, and is generally referred  directly  to the ear, 
120
MIDDLE EAR.
though extending to the eye and temple, and  backward  to
the occiput.   General fever and tendency to  delirium are
usually marked.  Great liability to  confounding the disease
with brain trouble.   The membranum tympani bulges  out,
is swollen and injected, and not infrequently is colored yellow
from the pus behind.
  Diagnostic points will be found in the fact that any given
quantity  of  mucus  in the tympanum will  not cause the
bulging out of the membranum that like quantity of pus will.
This bulging is usually confined to the posterior half  of the
membranum.  The pain is usually much more  intense than
under the  catarrhal  form,  and accompanied  by a general
systemic disturbance.   With all this, however, the auricle and
meatus may be quite insensible to gentle traction, freeing all
suspicions of external otitis as the cause of the  pain.
   Note.—Acute  suppuration  is  an  inflammation  wdiich
quickly passes over the mucus stage and hurries on to purulent
inflammation.  Unlike acute catarrh, it is almost never
insidious in its attacks, but bold and pronounced.
  The tympanum in such attacks is practically by reason of
the closure of the Eustachian tube a shut cavity, and confines
a raging abscess.   On account of the close proximity of the
cranial cavity and its contents, and its intimate  connection
with the tympanic cavity,  the  life of the patient is often
greatly  endangered, and by no  means infrequently lost  by
bad management. Prompt, judicious treatment is sometimes
necessary to save life, and often saves months of after-treat-
ment in the event of recovery.
  In general, swelling in  front  of  the auricle is usually of 
MIDDLE EAR.
121
little moment; behind  the  auricle it commands attention.
In case the mastoid region becomes involved it should be
treated on the principles laid down under Mastoid Complica-
tions.
   The tendency of this disease is  to  destroy the drum-head
and  sweep away the contents of the  tympanum.  Such dire
results are to be carefully guarded  against, as destructive of
hearing.  If  it passes into a chronic form, treatment is tedious
and  unsatisfactory.
   Local Treatment.—The  congestion  and  pain are to be
reduced as quickly as possible.  Hot water, as indicated under
Acute Catarrh, will do this, though great  relief  to the  pain
will be derived from putting a few drops of a two- to five-grain
solution of atropia sulphate in the ear, provided perforation
has  not  taken  place.   The  tendency to poisoning by the
solution running directly into the pharynx must not be for-
gotten.   Children  only require a solution  of  one-half the
strength.  A paracentesis should be  done early; if pus has
formed it lets it out;  if not, the relief to the pain is  very
grateful,  and renders  a knowledge of the condition  of the
tympanum certain.
   Caution.—Avoid all forms of continued poulticing.
   General Treatment must  be directed  to  relieving  the  pain
and producing sleep.   Special attention  should  be given  to
the free action of the skin.  In the remedies are found  most
valuable  aid, and they should  be thoroughly  studied and
carefully prescribed. 
122
MIDDLE EAR.
                Internal  Remedies.

   Aconitum napellus.—In the early stages there is no better
remedy than aconite.
   When there is a high febrile excitement, with acute  pains
running along the Eustachian tubes to the ear;  sharp  pains
suddenly in the ear; dryness and  burning in the throat; it
is  fully indicated.
   Severer symptoms, such as fulness in the ear,  deafness
and vertigo, with violent  pain in the ear and over the whole
side of the head, also call for this remedy.
   Apis mellifica  is most useful when there are  stinging,
burning pains, with intense itching.
   Inflammations following eruptive diseases are well met by
this remedy.
   Arsenicum album is indicated  when there is great prostra-
tion and irritability following or accompanying these troubles.
   The pains are periodical, and  there is chilliness and  shud-
dering, attended by  humming in  the  ears  and  loss of
hearing.
   Belladonna is called for when there is local congestion,
manifested by throbbing pains, cerebral excitement, or  delir-
ium, wild expression of the eyes,  with intense pain.
   Cantharis is valuable  in the  dull,  heavy,  and extremely
sore throat often accompanying these troubles.
   Hepar  sulphuris  is very useful in promoting resolution
when once suppuration is established, or immediately threat-
ening.
   It arrests and cures ulceration of the membrana tympani.
   Abscesses are speedily  cured by its administration. 
MIDDLE EAR.
123
  Mercurius has a pronounced action on the Eustachian tube
and mucous membrane of the tympanum.
  Sharp, stinging pains  extend  into  the ears.  Pain abates
toward morning.
  Perspiration profuse, but not  relieving.
  Pulsatilla is a valuable remedy in  the characteristic sub-
ject, with mild, bland discharges.
  Catarrhal affections of the Eustachian tubes are amenable
to its administration.
     OTITIS  CHRONICA  MEDIA  CATARRHALIS.
                       Chronic Catarrh.
  Synonyms: Nervous Deafness; Proliferous Inflammation; Sclerosis;
    Progressive Hardness of Hearing; Anchylosis of the Stapes, Etc.
   Characterized  by a tendency to harden and  stiffen  the
original tissues.
   Chief Causes.—Remotely, a feeble state of the system, due
perhaps to acquired or inherited syphilis, phthisis, etc.  De-
fective hygienic care, as want of proper exercise, food, etc.
Chronic  catarrh  of the throat.   Repeated  attacks of acute
catarrh of the middle part of the ear.   Diphtheria.   Scarlet
fever.   Inseparable from  certain  climates, especially after
any exhausting illness.
  Symptoms.— Sense of fulness in the ear;  more or less
deafness; vertigo often;  sensation of air-bubbles breaking
and cracking in the ear; noises, of varying sounds, of which
great complaint  is usually made; imperfect  action  and
changes in the Eustachian tubes; chronic naso-pharyngeal
catarrh ; changes of more or less injury to the drum-head, such 
124
MIDDLE EAR.
as alteration in position and shape of the cone of light, deposits,
sinking and atrophy.  The ear-wax diminishes in secreting;
it then becomes brittle, and later on stops altogether.
  The earliest subjective symptoms are  generally noises and
growing hardness of hearing, which usually come on suddenly,
and oftenest affect the left ear first,  and may then pass to
the companion ear.  Sharp twinges of pain are felt every day
or two.   All  the  subjective  symptoms  are  intensified  by
fatigue, prolonged  conversation or nervous exhaustion of any
kind.
  Note.—This disease is very tedious  in its course;  often
quite  as much so in its cure.  Many names have been  given
it, all more or less noting some of the changes, and indicating
a wide variance  and incomplete knowledge of its pathology.
The noises  in the ear are frequently most distressing, and
have caused suicide.   There is no  special sound indicative of
special lesions.  Each patient is most likely to associate some
familiar sounds with them.   In common with  the appearances
of the drum-head, they have been made subjects of exhaustive
study, with  as yet  imperfect results.
   Two classes seem however to be well  marked, the moist
and the dry,  and  materially affect the prognosis, the former
being  far more amenable to  treatment than the latter.   In
the former,  under suitable medication and local treatment, a
more or less satisfactory restoration of hearing and  cure may
be  foretold; in the latter, in the hypertrophied  stage  the
prognosis is unfavorable ; in the atrophied  stage hopeless.
Proliferating bands are often  thrown out, quite  like spider-
webs, and tie  down with firm  grasp  the  delicate structures.
A peculiar odor, well simulated by moistening the finger with 
MIDDLE EAR.
125
saliva and allowing it to slowly evaporate, may be noticed
about the breath of the majority;  most marked in females.
Relapses are very common and should not discourage.
   For convenience in treating of the  subject, and the more
properly to describe a large number of cases, a class lyiug in
the tract between  the acute and chronic  forms, are called
subacute.  They are such cases as have passed through  the
acute and linger on the border of the chronic form.  There
is no  special line of demarcation, but such  cases  yield under
less treatment, though were time  of  existence the only ele-
ment, they would justly be classed as  chronic.
   I deprecate the  removal of the tonsils.   When very much
enlarged, amputation  of  a portion is better  than excising,
but either generally is unnecessary.   Some  authors think
their  removal  impairs virility.   Independently of all  such
questions, the practical result is better with the judicious use
of remedies in nearly all cases.
   No branch of  aural  disease  requires  such a  thorough
knowledge  of the whole subject as  this  often  formidable
affection.  The incomplete knowledge of the pathology, the
inaccessible position of the parts to be treated, and the often
vacillating mind of the patient, alike combine to render the
treatment the most unsatisfactory of all aural practice.  A
hap-hazard empirical plan of trying this and that in the ex-
pectant hope of relief, has nearly always been pursued ere the
patient  conies under scientific  treatment; and even  then
floating memories of old-time necromantical cures are liable
to tempt the patient away, to return again worse  than  ever.
The injudicious determination of those who suffer with acute
affections "not to tamper with the matter, but let it wear
off" places hundreds on the list of incurables. 
126
MIDDLE EAR.
      OTITIS  CHRONICA  MEDIA  PURULENTA.
                     Chronic Suppuration.
          Synonyms: Otorrhoea; Purulent Inflammation.
   Characterized by a tendency to break down and destroy the
original tissues.
   Chief Causes.—Acute  inflammation of  the  tympanum.
Diseases of the bones and parts surrounding the tympanum.
Diphtheria.   Scarlet fever.
   Symptoms.—More or less deafness.   Purulent discharge of
a more or less offensive odor from the  tympanic cavity into,
and often  out of, the external auditory canal.  Pus cleansed
away, there may be seen perforation of the drum-head, most
frequently in  the posterior inferior portion, though it may be
anywhere, and varying in size from a pin-hole to two-thirds
of the membrane.  A drop of pus  is often adhering in the
perforation,   and  pulsates synchronously  with  the heart's
action.  External meatus and outer surface of the  membra-
num  tympani  have  a  bright-red appearance  due  to the
constant bath of pus.   More or less pus secreted from the
walls of the external meatus is also present.  General health
frequently below normal standard, and pharynx in a catarrhal
state.
   Note.—Otorrhoea  is the bane of  many practitioners, and
patients are warned to do nothing, being told the discharge
is  innocuous  or beneficial, and that  a  stoppage  would  be
injurious.   On the  contrary, no  harm  ever comes  from
properly stopping a foul discharge; improperly stopped or
corked up, under the impression that  when no longer seen
the suppuration no longer exists, great harm may be done. 
MIDDLE EAR.
127
Death is by  no means  an infrequent result  of neglected
otorrhoea;  it might follow ignorant and hurtful treatment.
  Local  Treatment.—There  can be  no  success without
absolute  cleanliness of the tympanic cavity and  the external
meatus.  The  anatomical relations are such that the foul
discharge remains  a  source of  constant irritation and self-
perpetuation, instead  of flowing away as in many other similar
diseases.   The ear  should be appropriately  syringed out as
often as necessary to keep it clean, and from five to twenty
drops of  a saturated solution of carbolic acid to a pint of hot
water will be found an excellent solution for this purpose.
It is not sufficient to carelessly squirt a little luke-warm  water
at uncertain intervals from a small glass syringe into or about
the auricle.  A two- to four-ounce hard-rubber  aural syringe
should be obtained, the hot solution prepared, and the cavities
thoroughly cleansed ; otherwise success will be problematical.
Care  is  requisite that  the patient does not take cold after
such treatment.  Politzer's bag, or other means of inflation,
should be practiced under competent supervision.
  Caution.—Local treatment oftener fails to do good  from
carelessness and inattention of the attendant or  patient, than
from any other cause.   Patience and perseverance are es-
sentials,  and are rewarded by success.
  Caustics, astringents,  etc.,  will  often be found  neces-
sary,  but are  liable to do great damage.   They are use-
less  unless  of great  strength,  and  in the  same ratio  the
more dangerous.   In  a  certain  number  of old, neglected
chronic  cases, their use  will  greatly  accelerate the  cure
if judiciously  used.  Nitrate of silver,  compound  nitrate
of silver, and sulphate  of  copper are  the  most reliable, and 
128                   MIDDLE  EAR.
must be used in varying strengths and with great care.   Solu-
tions of from twenty to forty grains of either of the former
to the ounce of distilled  water, and of from  ten to twenty
grams of the latter  to the ounce of distilled water are the
strengths recommended, though the two former can be used
in much stronger solutions.  They should be applied directly
to the thoroughly  cleansed  surface.   Sugar  of  lead  and
powdered alum are not recommended.  Boracic acid, applied
on cotton moistened with cosmoline, sometimes acts well, but
is greatly over-rated.
   General Treatment is usually very essential.   The patient
should be thoroughly built up, good air, exercise and a proper
diet being very necessary  to a radical cure.  Salt-water cool
baths, with  friction of  the  general surface,  are highly
recommended.

   CONSEQUENCES OF  CHRONIC  SUPPURATION.
   Polypi are a very frequent result of long-continued,  badly-
treated  or neglected suppuration.   Though  sometimes  con-
founded with malignant growths their diagnosis is  generally
easy.   Usually consist of loose  connective tissue,  cells and
blood-vessels, partaking of the nature of fungus granulations,
and grow most commonly from  the mucous membrane of the
tympanum, more rarely from the surface of  the inner half
of the external canal.  Of a bright-red color, usually granu-
lated  like a strawberry, though sometimes  smooth,  they vary
in size from a  pin-head  to  a  long tortuous  body  closing
entirely the external canal, and  appearing even beyond the
external orifice.   They may be attached  by a more  or less 
MIDDLE EAR.
129
narrow  peduncle (pedunculated)  or  sit upon a foundation
approximative to their size  (sessile).   Soft  and excessively
tender, they bleed  on slight  contact,  and constantly bathed
in pus, are offensive in odor.  Their spongy nature, soft and
pliable, often makes the mechanical obstruction of the canal
and consequent retention of the pus a source of great danger.
   Local  Treatment  consists  in  removal by any instrument
best suited to the position in which they are found.  This can
usually be quickly and perfectly done, and under  competent
manipulation results in a permanent cure, slight after-treat-
ment being only necessary.  A wire ensnaring the growth
and heated suddenly by electricity often quickly removes, and
by the application of the resultant actual cautery restrains
the usually profuse haemorrhage.  It is  pitiable  to  see the
terrible work often made with these growths.   A minute drop
of acid  (chromic, nitric, mono-chloro-acetic, or carbolic,) will
often be  all-sufficient for  those of small size.  A saturated
solution of bichromate of potash will  sometimes be effectual,
and is painless.
   After all such treatments a  dressing of talc  should  be
applied.
   Cerebral Abscess  is not an  uncommon result, but often
masked in its  symptoms.  Nausea and vomiting, or a chill
usually precedes fatal symptoms. Long tedious brain troubles
in  exceptional  cases;  paralysis,  coma  and  death more
frequently.
       9 
130
MIDDLE EAR.
              MASTOID   COMPLICATIONS.

   Periostitis is  the  most  common  complication,  and is
diagnosed by tenderness on pressure (often extreme), swelling,
redness, and pain (often violent).
   Local  Treatment is absolutely necessary and should  be
prompt.  A free incision over the mastoid process down to
the bone should be made, and poultices applied.  If the in-
cision  be made parallel to  and about one-quarter of an inch
behind the  auricle, about one-half  of  an inch to an inch in
length, and  care  be  taken to cut upward, the operation is a
simple affair.  In the early stages no pus will  be found, but
the relief to the  tension, so important in periostitis, will be
most grateful.  In latter stages, suppuration may be profuse
and of a most foul odor.
   Caution.—Redness   and   swelling  are  not  infrequently
present iuthe mastoid region in connection with aural disease,
but require no local treatment.
   Caries and Necrosis  are consequences of  extension  of in-
flammation  just described.   Symptoms sometimes obscure;
should be carefully  studied  in  works specially devoted to
aural disease.
   Exostoses and Hyperostoses are bony growths.  When con-
genital occasion little or no trouble; when result  of local
irritation and consequent on periostitis may require treatment
on account of their  blocking up the  canal.    In such case
they may be drilled through with a rat-tail file, or a wind or
dental engine.  Operation dangerous and seldom done. 
MIDDLE EAR.
131
                 Internal Remedies.

   Arsenicum  iodatum  is useful in  profuse, ichorous dis-
charges accompanied by great prostration.
   Asafoetida meets purulent  discharges,  with  diminished
hearing after the abuse of mercury.
   Aurum metallicum is particularly  valuable in  troubles  of
syphilitic origin, when there are thickening of the  membranes
aud swollen cervical glands, worse on touch.
   The tissues of the external  meatus are bathed in a fetid
pus, the  odor being characteristic of necrosed bone.
   Valuable in fistulous openings and sinuses  in the  mastoid
process, and in caries of the mastoid process  and ossicula.
   Baryta iodata is  highly  useful in chrouic thickening  of
the mucous membrane, and to  reduce enlarged tonsils.
   Bryonia alba is particularly useful in the otalgia of rheu-
matic subjects, accompanied by great intolerance of noise.
   Calcarea carbonica is one of  the  most useful remedies  in
these diseases.
     It meets polypi associated  with purulent discharge;
     Scrofulous affections of the bones;
     Thickening  of the membranum tympani, and
     Inflammatory swelling  of the parotid glands.
   Patients with  large abdomen and warts  on the  hands;
scrofulous subjects;  fat, rapidly-growing, large-headed, soft-
boned children,  specially demand  this  remedy in  these
troubles.
   Cantharis is  particularly  suited to chronic inflammation
of the Eustachian tube and  tympanum. 
132
MIDDLE EAR.
  Accompanying low grades of inflammation in the external
auditory canal are also well met.
  Capsicum is indicated  in  redness  and swelling over the
mastoid region.
  There are itching and  pressure deep in the ear.
  Acute symptoms in chronic cases, the mastoid cells becom-
ing involved.
  Carbo vegetabilis.—Mechanical obstruction to  the Eusta-
chian tubes from  swelling of the tonsils is relieved by this
remedy.
  Causticum  has been found  valuable in the non-suppura-
tive, piolil'erating form of catarrh.      %
  Paralysis of the auditory muscles is relieved by its use.
  Kali iodatum has an action on thickenened mucous mem-
branes.
  Its sphere  is not well defined, but seems a valuable  inter-
current.
  Mercurius  has a decided action on thickened mucous mem-
brane, and hence is especially  valuable in the  proliferous
form of middle ear disease.
  Hardness of hearing due to swollen tonsils, and when due
to obscure troubles, or syphilitic  origin  are well met by this
remedy.
  The discharges are thin and acrid, the ears, teeth and face
ache, and all  symptoms  are  worse at  night.   The ear
troubles are accompanied by a vesicular eruption on  the face
and lower limbs.
   Mezereum.—In chronic  ear  complaints associated  with
syphilis, this remedy finds a sphere of action. 
MIDDLE EAR.
133
  The pains in the bones of the skull are increased by touch
and worse at night.
  Nitric acid is useful in caries of the mastoid process.
  It is also  especially useful after the abuse of mercury, and
in diseases of the ear following syphilis.
  Pulsatilla nigricans has  a good action on chronic, mild,
bland discharges in the characteristic subject.
  The  remedy is apt to be  abused, however,  and its virtues
not discovered.
  Silica has a direct action on the middle layer of the mem-
branum tympani.
  It promotes suppuration, and is invaluable in  obscure  ear
troubles.
  Collections in the Eustachian tubes are relieved by it.
  Sulphur meets purulent, offensive discharge with eruption
on face and body.
  Ear complaints from  suppressed discharges and eruptions
are relieved.
  Tellurium is indicated by an offensive otorrhoea smelling
like fish-brine.
  The characteristic patient is almost the  exact opposite of
the pulsatilla subject, being angular and  sharp. 
134
MIDDLE EAR.
          METHODS  OF  INFLATION,  ETC.

  There are three  methods  of inflating the middle ear, re-
spectively known  as  those of (1) Valsalva,  (2) Politzer, and
(3)  the  Eustachian catheter.
  Valsalva's method consists of simply holding the nostrils
tightly closed with the thumb and finger, and making forcible
attempts at expiration.  It has but a limited range and is but
little used; deservedly so if for no other reason than that we
have a much better way in Politzer's.
  Politzer's method, a very valuable one, is based on two well-
known  anatomical facts,  (1) that the pharyngeal orifices of
the  Eustachian tubes open, while (2) the uvula rests  upon
the  pharyngeal wall  during the  process of swallowing, thus
separating the upper from the lower pharyngeal space.
  In  order to  make use  of this method the patient takes a
little  water  into  his mouth  which he  swallows at a given
signal.  At this moment air is blown by the surgeon  from a
rubber bag-syringe into the upper pharyngeal space through
the  nostrils,  and thence into the opened mouths of the tubes,
and through the latter into the tympanic cavity, thus freeing
those  parts from obstruction or  proving their permeability.
Frequently this method will be sufficient for the purpose, but
oftentimes we must resort to the
  Eustachian catheter.   The object of the catheter is to pro-
long the Eustachian tube from its opening into  the pharynx
to an  accessible point without the head.
  Two ways of prolonging this tube  have  been suggested:
one by Cleland, an English surgeon, that of passing a hollow
tube  (catheter) through the nostril and inserting the distal 
MIDDLE EAR.
135
end in the mouth of the tube, leaving the other without the
nostril : the  other  by Gttyot,  a  layman,  who  passed  the
catheter through the mouth, and  in  substantially the same
manner accomplished a like result.  The former method  is
the only one at present in use.  When once in position, air
can be passed  directly to the tympanum by any suitable
means, such as Politzer's air-bag, etc.
  As  auxiliary to the methods just described, these parts may
be auscultated at the moment of their inflation by means of
an instrument called an otoscope.  This consists of a flexible
rubber tube about two or three feet long, suitably tipped at
both ends so as tightly to fit in the orifice of the external ear.
One end is placed in the surgeon's  ear and the other in the
patient's.   On forcing the  air into the  tympanic cavity as
described, the surgeon listens to the sounds produced  and
from  them judges  of the condition of the parts.   Much im-
portance was attached to the sounds heard and a compendium
arranged,  showing  what might be diagnosed  from a "dry
sound," a  "crackling sound," etc., which was  largely ex-
tended ; but they are often very unreliable, and in consequence
not as useful as was anticipated, though of value at times.
  The Pyramid of Light.—Another method of ascertaining
the condition of  the  tympanic contents takes advantage of
the fact that in its normal position a cone of light is formed
on  the membranum tympani, which  changes  into a square,
divided or irregular shape with altered position, whenever the
curvature  of the membrane is changed.  The latter being
largely under the control of pathological changes within, this
method becomes a valuable diagnostic aid, but requires much 
136
MIDDLE EAR.
practice  and an extended  physiological  and  pathological
knowledge to comprehend its indications.
  Nominally this speck, or pyramid  of light, consists of a
triangular reflection of light  emanating from  the  antero-
inferior quadrant of the membrane.   Its apex touches the tip
of the manubrium  of the  malleus and its base lies at the
periphery of the membranum, forming  anteriorly an obtuse
angle with the handle of the malleus.   Its  average height is
from l-i-  to 2 mm., with the  same average width  at its base.
  The cause of this formation has been variously explained
by different  writers.


         ARTIFICIAL  MEMBMANA  TYMPANI.
  A good artificial membranum tympani can often be worn
by  many persons, greatly improving the hearing where no
cure can be  effected, hence there have been placed upon the
market numerous forms of worthless appliances recommended
as substitutes for, or adjuvants to the normal membrane.
  It is not necessary that the natural  membrane should  be
gone, or  nearly so ;  often an artificial membrane, well placed,
will restore  hearing when the natural membrane is almost.or
quite intact.
  But little can be written on the application of these aids
to hearing, their beneficial use almost entirely depending upon
the kind selected, its practical application,  etc.   Simple as it
would appear, it is an operation of the most delicate tact, and
is often  successfully and almost immediately done by  an
expert, after many  hours of bungling  by  one  not  familiar
with the modus operandi.   It may be said  in general, how- 
MIDDLE EAR.
137
ever, that it should be applied (1) only to the end and one
side of the passage, (2) well down to the opening, if there be
one, and (3) not covering the external part of the drum, but
sideways toward the back, leaving a small opening.
   The chief object of their application is supposed to be the
rupture of the  air bubbles, and the prevention  of their  re-
formation  in  the  discharge  which lies in  and about the
perforated membrane. 
138
INTERNAL  EAR.
INTERNAL  EAR.
                 NERVOUS  DEAFNESS.
                Divisions : Primary and Secondary.
               Synonym : Labyrinthine Disease.
  Chief Causes.—Primary,  severe injury, such as fracture of
the petrous bone; from concussions, such as in foundry works,
firing  cannon, exploding  mines, etc. ;  excessive  doses  of
quinine ; meningitis and cerebro-spinal meningitis ;  cerebral
tumors; fevers; syphilis ; haemorrhage or serous effusion into
the labyrinth.   Secondary, extension  from  middle part of
the ear.  Hereditary.
  Symptoms.—Staggering gait often, with loss of equilibrium ;
only certain one,  absolute  deafness with tinnitus  aurium,
which  usually comes on suddenly.
  Note.—Nervous deafness  primarily is  an  exceedingly rare
disease.  Secondarily,  commoner, though the fact that  some
form of middle ear disease  may  co-exist  should  not be for-
gotten.  Such a rare disease is emphasized  herein, because
so much deafness is erroneously attributed to this trouble
when the real cause is  occult, and no attempts in consequence
are made to  relieve.  If the  diagnostics of diseases of the
middle ear were thoroughly understood, much  less would be
attributed  to  "nervous deafness."  There   are no  external
signs or appearances of the  membrana tympani from which
this trouble can be diagnosed, but its presence is diagnosed in 
                       INTERNAL  EAR.                139

the main by exclusion  of  all diseases  of the external and
middle  parts  of  the  ear by careful examination, and an ac-
curate knowledge of the values and peculiarities of the tuning
fork.  Unless a practical familiarity with the fork be had,
however, many errors in diagnosis will be made.
   The diagnosis of this  class of diseases may be also confirmed
by a consideration of the following items:
   1.  The history.—This may directly connect the defects of
hearing with other nervous troubles.   Care should be exercised
however that the diagnosis be not misled by  circumstances
directly attributable to  mechanical causes.  2. The degree of
deafness.—In this it  is difficult  to say at  just what point,
but  a very excessive degree cannot depend on  absence  of
conduction ; in other words,  the congenital  absence of the
conducting  apparatus  does  not necessarily  involve as low
hearing  power  as  this disease  may produce.   3. Certain
peculiarities  of  hearing.—Hearing worse on attempting  to
listen, after  excitement, fatigue or mental depression.   A
better hearing for some sounds than for others.
   Dr. Meniere,  of  Paris,  recorded some cases of disease
attended with loss of equilibrium accompanied with deafness,
which were called after him "cases of Meniere's disease," and
under this head have since been classified many symptoms of
what should be  known as "labyrinthine disease," such  as
nausea, vomiting, vertigo, tinnitus aurium and inability to
walk straight, with  sudden  deafness.   A  portion  of  these
symptoms may occur in affections of the middle ear, and as
also a portion are found in cerebro-spinal meningitis, there is
a great liability to err hi diagnosis.
   There is another  class of patients, however, who are often 
140
INTERNAL  EAR.
classed under this head of nervous deafness, which ought to
be excluded and the term dropped as erroneous, viz., patients
who are weak, unsteady in muscular movement, debilitated
in  nervous tone, desponding, anxious and affected with  a
chronic disease of the ear.  Nearly all such cases rightfully
belong to those of the middle  ear, and if impinging on the
internal ear class, it will be by extension to that portion of
the ear, and not as the primary seat of disease.   Persons so-
called nervous, that is debilitated, anxious and unsteady have
not necessarily impairment of hearing, or  any symptoms of
derangement of the auditory nerve ; and affections  of the
auditory nerve do not make patients nervous  in  the former
acceptation of the term, though  they cause unsteadiness of
gait.
   Treatment.—Must be varied to  suit  the requirements of
each case, and involves a comprehensive knowledge of brain
and aural disease.   Chronic labyrinthine disease is hopelessly
incurable.


                  TINNITUS AURIUM.
                      Noises in the Ear.
   Tinnitus aurium, or noises in the ear, is not only a more
or less  constant symptom of  most forms of ear disease, but
also a troublesome indication of disease in itself, as oftentimes
it lingers to the great torment of the  patient after  all ap-
parent disease has passed away.    These noises are the result
of nearly every kind of irritation of the auditory nerve, either
in  its  course  from the brain, or its final distribution in the
labyrinth.   Any change of the normal pressure  of the laby- 
INTERNAL  EAR.
141
rinthine  fluid,  as  when the stapes  is pressed in or drawn
outward, produces noises in the ear varying in direct propor-
tion to the force exerted.  It is impossible, with some general
exceptions, to tell  from the nature  of  the  noises where  the
cause is, for  the  pressure  sufficient to produce these noises
may be occasioned by a collection of fluid, or a swelling of
the lining of  the tympanic cavity; by all obstructions of the
Eustachian tubes sufficient to  interfere with  the ventilation
of the tympanic  cavity;  by  the exclusion,  by obstruction
from  any cause, of the air from the  external meatus,  etc.
These noises, too, are generally likened to some  sounds  with
which the patient is  associated or familiar,  thus  not in-
frequently removing the only guides there might be.
   Crackling  noises  are caused by  air passing through the
mucus in  the tympanum  in  the  moist stages of chronic
catarrh, suppuration, etc.   Now and again a patient will be
found who can voluntarily produce such noises in the ear.
   Pulsating  noises are heard when from any cause there is
an interference with  the  arterial  circulation.  In  cases of
aneurism these sometimes become so loud as to cause deafness.
   A  changed  condition  of the blood, as in anaemia  and
chlorosis, produces a tinnitus similar to the venous blowing
heard in  chlorotic females.  All labyrinthine diseases, and
often blows  on the head  and violent concussions from any
cause, are productive of noises in the ear.
   A number of elaborate,  and so far as our knowledge at
present extends,  quite  exhaustive,  treatises  on the  subject
have  been  written detailing theories and the minute  direct
causes embraced in the above general  heads.
   Treatment.—This must be  directed to a removal of the 
142
INTERNAL EAR.
cause so far as it can be ascertained.  Many of our remedies
are valuable in  this direction, a knowledge of which will be
gained by  consulting the  disease whence  originates  or
accompanies this symptom.


                    DEAF-MUTISM.

   Causes.-—The causes of this affection are to be found almost
invariably  in the  middle and iuternal parts of the ear, such
as the results of exanthematous diseases (prominent among
which are scarlet fever, measles and diphtheria), brain diseases,
falls,  frights, etc.  Congenital often.
   Symptoms.—Inability to hear sufficiently to imitate speech,
and consequent inability  to talk.
   Note.—This  is not a  primary affection, but  a condition
secondary  to disease or congenital defect of the auditory
apparatus.   With rare exceptions there are no  changes in the
larynx from which mutism arises.   The only reason that the
deaf are mute is that the affection is congenital or supervenes
at a time when speech  is not  at all or imperfectly learned.
If a patient is deaf at birth, or becomes so during childhood,
he will certainly become mute; if he becomes so during youth
he is  apt to; but  if deafness comes  on after years  of  dis-
cretion, the  chances of  muteism  are  exceedingly remote.
Climate exercises a  great effect on the production of this
affection; even,  fertile countries producing the least.
   Deaf-mutes may be divided into two classes: (1) the con-
genital and (2) the acquired.   Fourth to sixth month of age
is  the soonest  at  which an  opinion can  be  formed as to 
INTERNAL  EAR.
143
wheather an infant is deaf or not.   Latter (2) class probably
smaller than the (1) former.
  It does not  require absolute deafness  to  make a mute.
About one-tenth of the whole can hear the human voice  as
sounds, but are  unable to distinguish words; about five-tenths
can distinguish loud noises, such as clapping of hands, ring-
ing of  bells, thunder,  cannon-firing, etc.;  the remainder,
about four-tenths, are absolutely deaf.
  Congenital deaf-mutism is incurable in the present state
of our knowledge of the  trouble.  It  is likewise exceedingly
rare that a person once a deaf-mute is ever raised to a higher
grade of hearing and consequent speech.
  The prognosis of the causes of the deafness, combined with
the age of the patient, afford the foundation on which to base
an opinion as to the curability of the mutism.   In no  branch
of diseases of the human system does  a general knowledge of
the infirmities of the body as a  whole  and complete  organism
avail more than in this class.   Exclusive attempts  at special
and local treatment bring failure instead of success.  It is
seldom, however, that an opportunity is afforded  a medical
man to do  anything until too late.   The patient is either
secluded or placed in some school when the effect is noticed,
and the cause not ascertained.
  " The deaf-mute who presents the most favorable conditions
for treatment is he whose accidental deafness has supervened
at the  age at which he begins to hear and speak,  and who
still retains some faint evidence of hearing and speech.  If
the organic lesion, the  first cause of  the infirmity,  be seated
beyond the nerve centres ; if the child be intelligent and have
no brother or sister in the same state as himself; if he be the 
144
INTERNAL  EAR.
child of healthy parents, who have no connection by consan-
guinity, and if he have never previously been under treatment,
the chances of cure are numerous ; but if all these conditions
are met with in the same subject, the chances almost reach
to a certainty.  On the contrary,  they decrease in value in
proportion as one or more of these  conditions are  wanting,
and when  all are wanting we should entertain scarcely any
hope."
   Local Treatment.—This must be guided by a knowledge of
the disease causing the deafness, and embraces a full under-
standing of the procedures recommended under the various
known diseases.
   General Treatment.—Enforced  sanitary regulations,  such
as isolation from all malarious influences, mental rest, cheer.
ful company, warm  and abundant clothing,  agreeable and
remunerative employment. 
REPERTORY OF THE EYE. 
 
Repertory  of  the  Eye.
ANATOMICAL PARTS.
 Canthi: Agar,  mus.,  alum., amm.  m.,  ant. cr., apis,  arg.
   met., arg. nit., berb., bismuth, bry.. calc. c, cham., colch.,
   fluor. ac, graph., kali b., kali c, lye, marum v., mur. ac,
   nat.  mur., mix v.,  phos.  ac, psor., puis., raimn. bulb.,
   ranuu. seel., sulph.
 ----, external: Ail. gl.  towards—; ant. cr.,  borax, cann.
   hid.,  graph., hep., kali c, mezer., mix v., sep., sulph., zinc.
 ---------,  right:  Borax, ranun. bulb., sulph. ac.
 ---------,  left: Ign.
 ----, internal:  Agar, mus., alum., apis,  arg. nit., aur. met.,
   berb., calc. c, clemat.,  con.,  gambog., graph., from  tem-
   ple — ; iris v., lye, near —; nat. mur., nux v., pan's quad.,
   petrol., puis., ruta, sarsap., sep., spig., stann.,  zinc.
 ---------,  left: Alum.,  arn.,  cinnabar., across  eyebrows;
   nat. mur.
---------,  right:  Cinnabar, across malar  bone to the ear;
   rhus t., sulph. ac, zinc.
Cartilages, orbicular: Kuta. 
148
REPERTORY.
Caruncula :  Arg. nit., bell. L. —.
Choroid :   Aeon., agar., apis, ars., asaf., aur., bell., bry., du-
  boisin, gels., hepar, jaborandi, kali iod., kali mur., macro-
  tin, mere, nux v., phos., phyto., prun. spin.,  psor., puis.,
  rhus t.,  ruta, sil., sulph., verat. vir.
Cilia : Alum., aur. met., borax, graph., mag. m., rhus t., sep.,
  spig., thuja.
Ciliary body : Gels, hep.
----,  muscle: Aeon., act. rac, agar.,  amyl nit.,  arm, asaf.,
  atropia,  bell., bry., cham., cinnabar., galvanism, jaborandi,
  kali iod.,  mere, sol., mezer.,  nat.  mur., nat.  sulph., paris
  quad., physostigma, plant,  maj., primus spin., rhus t., ruta,
  sil., spig.,  terebinth.
----, vessels : Spig.
Conjunctiva: Acet. ac, aeon.,  ail. gl.,  alum., amyl nit.,  ant.
  cr., ant. t., apis,  arg.  nit.,  toward  int. cth.; arn.,  ars.,
  bary. c, bell., berb.,  bry., calc. c,  calc. hypophos., calend.,
  camph., cann. hid.,  cham.,  chelid., chlor. hyd.,  cinnab.,
  clem., con., crot. tig., cup. alum.,  cup. sulph.,  dig., dubois-
  in, enp.  perf., euph., graph., hamam., hepar,  ipec, iris v.,
  kali b.,  ledum, lye,  macrotin, marum v.,  mephit., mere
  dulc, mere peren., mere  precip.  rub., mere  prot., mere
  sol., nat. c, nat. mur., nux. v., opium, petrol.,  pod., ranun.
   bulb.,, rhus t., sec. cor., spig., staph., sticta pulrn., sulph.,
  terebinth., thuja, zinc, zinc, sulph.
Conjunctiva, beneath :  Arn.
----, left:  Sep.
----, ocular (see Sclera) : Arg. nit., bell., bry., ipec, kali b.,
   mere cor., mezer., opium, sang.
----, palpebral: Arg. nit., arn., bry., caust., china, con., dig., 
REPERTORY.
149
   kali  b., kali iod., kreos.,  mere cor.,  mezer.,  nat.  mur.,
   phos. ac, staph., sulph., thuja.
----, right:  Alum., kreos., zinc.
Cornea:  Aeon., ant, cr., apis, arg. nit,, ars., asaf., aur. met.,
   bary. c, calc. c, calc.  hypophos., calc.  iod., cann. ind.,
   cham., chelid., cinnabar, clem,, colch., con., crot. tig., cun-
   durango, duboisin, euph.,  graph.,  hamam., hep., hydras.,
   ipec, around —; kali b., kali e, kali iod., kali mur., kreos.,
   lach., magn. e, mere cor., mere nit., mere  precip. rub.,
   mere prot., mere sol., mezer.7 nat. e, nat. m., nat. sulph.,
   nit.  ac, pod., rhus t,, ruta., sang.,  sep., sil., spig., sulph.,
   syphil., tellur., thuja, zingib.
Disc:  Chin, sulph., bell., — deepened in tint; duboisin.
Eyes:   Euph., — ext, to frontal sinuses;  graph. — to head ;
   nat.  carb.,  from within outward; ranun.  seel.
----, across :  Cedron, from temple to temple.
----, angle of, inner:  Hyos.
----, ----, outer:  Asaf., l. —; cann.  ind., hyos.
----, around : Apis, in superciliary ridge; carb. v., cinnabar.,
   graph., guaiae, hep., kalm.,  mere  cor., mere sol., — and
   in; nat. mur., nat. salicyl.,  in and —; nit. ae, phyto., rhus
   t., sil., tereb., thuja.
Eye, before the: Act. rac, sescul. hipp., agar.
----, below the: Agn. cas., apis, ars., atropia, r. e., l. e. and
   running back to the ear; graph., kali c,  ruta, l. e.
----, between : Physostigma.
----, left:  iEscul.  hipp., agar.,  ail.  gl.,  amm. m.,  ant. c,
   apocy. can., arg. met., berb., borax, brom., cepa, chelid., con.,
   acts  markedly; ign., from head;  kali b., lach., especially
   —; mezer., mur. ae, — to r. e. ; puis., rhus t., ruta, inner 
150
REPERTORY.
  surface; sep.,  sil., squilla, staph.,  thuja,  center  of —;
  verat. vir., zinc.
----, middle of: Kali e, paris quad., spig., sulph.
----, near : Lach.
----, right:  Amm. c, bell., borax, bovis., brom., bry., cann.
  ind.,  cepa, over — towards root of nose;  cinnab., como-
  cladia,  croc  sat., ferr., worst; haniam., hyos., hyper., iod.
  around — passing backwards  from int. cth.  to articula-
  tion of jaw; kali e, kalm., also above —; lach., — to vert.;
  lith. carb.,— and around it; mephit., especially; nat.
  mur., in and over —;  nat. sulph., phos., physostigma, psor.,
  puis., ranun. bulb., rhus t., ruta, sang., sep.,  sil., sulph.,
  sulph. ac, under —;  thuja, zinc
Eye-ball: Aeon., act. rac, agar., anac,  ant.  c,  ant.  t., apis,
  arg. n., arn., asaf., aur. met., badiago, bapt., ben. ae, bry.,
  calc.  ph., comocladia, duboisin, upper part;  eup.  perf.,
  fluor. ac, hep., iod., ipec, macrotin, magn. e, mere sol.,
  nat. mur., paris quad., phos.,  phos. ae, phyto., physostig-
  ma, plumb.,  ranun.   bulb., sabad., sang., senega,  spig.,
  staph.,  sticta,  sulph., tereb.,  ustilago, verat. vir.,  zinc,
  zingib.
:----, above : Comocladia.
----, behind:  Badiago, lac ac, ledum, mere cor.
■----, between, or orbital plate:  Act. rac, cina,  upper.
----, half of:  Aeon., upper lob. inf.; upper; nux v.,  lower.
----, left: iEscul. hipp., agar., apis, lower part of; badiago.
----, posterior portion of:  Badiago.
----, right:  Ars., aur.  met., bism., bry., coloe, comocladia,
  fluor. ac, behind —;  prunus  spin., ranun. bulb., spig.
Eyebrows: Agar.,  agn.  cas., asaf., caust., cina, con., crot. 
REPERTORY.
151
  hor., crot. tig., gels., hell., lach., in and around ; lachnan.,
  lil. tig., lith. carb., nat. mur., paris quad., around —; phy-
  sostigma, rhus t., ruta, senega, spig., sulph., tereb., thuja,
  zinc
----, left:  Act. rac, arm, bry.. caust., cedron, chelid., ferr.,
  mere cor., near  root of nose;  mezer., ruta, sulph., above
  —; thuja.
----, right:  Bry., carb. ae,  cist, can., upper rim of orbit;
  chelid., crot.  tig., sang. .
----, and upper eyelids, space between: Kali e
Eyelids: Acet.  ae, aeon., a?scul. hipp., aethu. cy., agar., agn.
  cas., alum., amm. e,  ant.  c. apis, arg. met., arg.  n., arn.,
  ars.,  asaf., atropia, aur. met., bary. e, bell., ben. ac, berb.,
  bovis., calc iod., calc c, calc. ph., caust.,  chain.,  chelid.,
  con., croc, sat., crot. tig., cyclam.,  dig., duboisin, eup. perf.,
  euph., ferr., fluor. ac under — ; — ganibog., gels., graph.,
  guaiac, hainani., hell., hep., hydrocot., ign., iod.,ipec, jaeea,
  kali b., kali e, kali iod., kalm., kobalt.. kreos., lachnan., lil.
  tig., magn. c, mancin., mang. acet., mephit, mere e, mere
  oxyd. flav., mere peren., mere precip. rub., nat.  c, nat.
  mur., nat. sulph., nit. ae,  nux mos., nux v., oleander, opi-
  um,  paris qua'l., petrol.,  phos. ae, phyto., physostigma,
  plat., plumb., psor.,  puis.,  ranun. bulb.,  rheum., rhodod.,
  rhus t., rumex.  c,  sang.,  sarsap., scutell,  sec. cor., sep.,
  sil. spig., spong., staph.,  sticta, sulph., sulph. ac, tabae,
  tellur., tereb., thuja,  verat. alb.,  verat.  vir., viola odor.,
  zinc.
----, edge  or margin:  Amm. c, ant. c, apis, arg. met., arg.
  nit., arn., ars., arum tri., aur. met., badiago, borax,  calc. e,
  carb.  v.,  eup. perf., euph.,  graph., hep., kali b.,  kali c, 
152
REPERTORY.
  kreos.,  ledum,  lye,  magn.  m., mere  diile, mere  oxyd.
  flav., mere sol., mezer.,  nat. mur., nux v., opium, phyto.,
  puis., l. l. l. ; psor., right to  left; sabad., sang.,  selen.,
  sep., spig., l. l. l. ; staph., — u. l. ; sulph., thuja,, valerian.
----, lower: Arum tri., bell., near  int. cth.; caust., chelid.,
  dig., graph., ledum, opium, puis., ruta, thuja.
---------, left:  Graph., hyper.,  phyto., rhus t., toward int.
  cth.; zinc
---------, right: Ipec, kali .c, lye, nat. mur., ranun, bulb.
----, space between :  Agar.
----, upper:  Acet. ac. and aeon,  especially,  alum., apis,
  arn.,  ars., arum tri.,  calc. e,  camph.,  caust., cepa, croc.
  sat., cyclam., dule, ferr.,  hep., ign., under—;  kali b., lach-
  nan., martini v., mere peren., mere sol., nat. carb., nit. ae,
  nux v.,  plumb., rheum,  sang., sec. cor.,  sep.,  sil,,  spig,,
  squilla, staph., sulph., zinc.
---------, left: Alum., arum tri.,  asar.  eup., brom., bry.,
  chelid., mere  peren., mere  sol.,  mezer,,  phyto,, staph.,
  tellur.,  zinc.
---------, right:  Alum., amm.  e, bell., bry., ipec, kali  e,
  lye, paris quad., sulph. borders of.
Fundus:  Duboisin, gels., verat. vir.
Humor, aqueous:  Arn., gels., kali iod., hamain.
----, vitreous:  Gels., kali hyd., lye, mere prot.
Iris:  Aeon., arn., ars., asaf., atropia, aur. met., bell,, bry.,
  calc.  hypophos., ealend., cedron,  cinnab.,  china,  clem.,
  con.,  euph., gels., hep., hamam., kali b,, kali  iod., macro-
  tin, mere cor., mere prot., mere sol., nat. salicyl., nit. ae,
  nux v.,  paris  quad.,  petrol., plumb., puis.,  rhus t.,  spig.,
  staph.,  sulph.,  tereb., thuja,  zinc. 
REPERTORY.
153
Lachrymal bone: Merc sol.
----caruncula : Arg. nit.
----, duct:  Alum.,  arg. met., arg. nit., cepa, R. — ;  cinna-
  bar., r. around the  eye  to the temple;  galvanism, fluor.
  ac, kali iod., mere sol.,  millefol., nat. mur., nit. ac, sil.,
  region of r. —.
----, gland: Agar., brom., fluor. ae,  graph., sec.  cor.,  sil.
  region of R.
----ric :   Arg. nit.,  arum  tri., calend.,  hep.,  kali  hyd.,
  mere, sol., nat. mur., petrol., puis., sil. r. —.
Lens:  Amm, c, calc. e, calc. phos., caust., colch., con., lye,
  mag.i. e, phos.,  puis. (?), sec.  cor., sep., sil., sulph., tellur.
Meibomian glands: .Ethu. cy., dig., eup. perf., euph., hep.,
   kreos., mere sol., puis., rhus t.
Muscles:  vEscul. hipp., under l. e. ;  aloe, as if in —, worse
  on right side ; aur. met., carb. v., caust, con., external —;
  euph , galvanism, kali iod., kalm.,  nat. mur., nux v., ocu-
  lar — ;  rhodod. insufficiency of int.  recti.
----, recti, external: Cup. acet., nux v.
----------, internal: Agar., alum., jaborandi, nat. mur.,over
  r.-----; physostigma, rhodod.
Optic nerve : Agar., arg. nit., bell., bovis., bry. cact.  g., chlor.
  hyd., duboisin, glon., mere sol., nux  v., phos., sang., spig.,
  strych., sulph., zinc, zinc. ph.
Orbits : kali iod., periosteum; sil., spig.
----, back of: Gels.
----, deep  in: Aloe, anae, upper margin ;  bry., colch., oxal.
  ac, worse in  l. —;  phos.
----, le ft:  Spig.
----, right, Phyto., lower half of ; verat. vir. 
154
REPERTORY.
Pupils (see Pupils  Contracted, etc.)
Retina :  Agar.,  apis, arn., ars., asaf., aur. met., bell., bry.,
  cact. gr.,  chin, sulph., con., crot. hor., dig., duboisin, gels.,
  glon.,  hep., ign.,  jaborandi., kali acet., kali iod.,  kalniia,
  lach.,  lac.  ac, macrotin, mere cor., mere sol., nat. mur.,
  nux v., phos., plumb., puis.,  sang., santouine, sec cor.,
  spig., sulph., verat. vir., zinc, zinc. ph.
Sclera:  Ars., aur.  met., bell., bry., chelid,,  cinnabar,  clem.,
  con., eup.  perf., graph., hep., iod., ipec, kali b., kali e,
  lach.,  lept., magn. m.,  mere cor., nat. mur., nux v., phos.
  ae, plumb., puis., rhus t., sang., sep.,  sil., spig.,  sulph.
  close to cornea, thuja.
Uveal tract:  Bry., gels.,  mere cor.
                 AGGRAVATIONS.
Abortion, after:  Kali c.
Afternoon:  Euph., gambog., phyto., zinc
Age, old: Bary.  e
Air: Aeon., bell.
----, cold : Clem., dig., hep., kobalt,puis., sil.
----, draught of:  Hep., sil.
----, open: Alum., arg. nit., ars., asarum eup., ben. ae, walk-
  ing  in; camph., canth., caust., clem., euph., graph., hep.,
  kalniia, martini v.,  mere peren., mere  sol.,  nat. mur.,
  psor.,  puis., rhus t., ruta,  sabad.,  sep.,  sil.,  spig.,  staph.,
  sulph., thuja, zinc.
Anxiety, after:  Psor.
Apoplexy, after: Gels. 
REPERTORY.                   155
Applications, cold:  Hep., mere sol., puis., sil.
----, warm :  Sec. cor.
Awaking:  Agar., spasms;  arg. nit., lye, mezer,, sep., staph.,
  sulph.
Bathing :  Calc. c, puis.
----, e. : Clem., sulph.
Bed, in:  Cham.,  mere, sol., nux v., on going to —.
Blowing nose : Aur. met., caust.
Blow on  e. : Arn., violent —;  cicut. vir.
Bruises:  Arn.
Burns: Canth.,  ham am.
Cataract extraction:  Rhus t.
Caustics: Nat. mur.
Chlorosis :  Nat. mur., in females.
Closing e. : Bell., clem., lachnan., — tightly; mancin., sep.,
  sil., staph.,  sticta, sulph.
Coal-gas: Sec cor.
Coition, after: Kali c.
Cold, exposure to:  Aeon,, cham., caust.,  con., euph., mere
  sol., rhus t.
----, getting : Calc. c, —, head —; mere sol.
----, taking: Bry., calc. ioi.,  the least — ; puis.
Combing hair: Nux v.
Contusion:  Con., ledum.
Coughing:  Sabad.
Crying:  Tellur.
Dark, in the : Bary. e, lye, phos., valerian.
Day: Alum.,  calc. c, croc, sat., euph., ign., mang. acet., nit.
  ae, phos., ^or., sulph., thuja.
Day, all., Act. rac, caust., gambog., psor., staph. 
156                    repertory.
Diphtheria: Caust.
Dissipation: Nux v.
Drunkards, in: China.
Dry, if e. get:  Lye
Eating:  Bary. e, a meal;  magn. m., supper;  natr. e and
  sulph., dinner.
Eruption, suppression of: Ars., sulph.
Eruptive diseases:  Apis.
Evening: Aeon.,  act. rac,  agn.  cas., alum.,  apis, ars., asa-
  rum, borax, calc e, caust,, cedron, cepa,  cham., chelid.,
  cinnabar.,  cup.  met, toward  —;  dig., euph., gambog.,
  gels., graph., hep.,  ign.,  kalm., lye, mephit., mere cor.,
  mere peren., mere sol.,  nat. mur., nat. sulph., nux mos.,
  petrol., phos,, phos. ae,  psor., puis., rhus t.,  runiex  e,
  ruta, sarsap., sep., sil.,  stann.,  staph., —,  — to morning;
  sulph., tabac, valer., zinc.
Exercise: Puis., getting  warm.
Exposure to : Aeon., dry, cold air; cham., damp atmosphere ;
  rhus t., to water.
Fall, after a:  Cicut. vir.
Fat food:  Puis.
Fire, over a: Arg. nit., mere precip.  rub.,  mere  sol., nat.
  sulph.
Foot-sweat suppressed :  Sil.
Foreign bodies: Aeon., cinders,  etc.; hamam., — as melted
  sugar.
Forenoon: Ant. cr.
Foundries, working in: Mere sol.
Gastric disturbances : Nux v., puis. 
REPERTORY.
157
Gonorrhoea:  Aeon., suppressed;  arg. nit.,  puis., suppressed
   suddenly;  mere cor., — in mother.
Going up stairs :  Act. rac.
Headache: Zinc.
Head inclined to shoulder : Gels.
Heart disease: Puis.
Heat: Asarum, out-doors; comocladia,  mere precip. rub.,
   nat. sulph.
Injury of e. : Aeon., arn.,  calend., hamam., paris quad.
Iod. of Potash, abuse of:  Aur. met., nit.  ae
Ligh£:  Amm. carb.,  bright — out-doors;  bell.,  ben. ac,
   berb.,  borax, calc. e and calc. phos., artificial —; camph.,
   sun — ; china and chin, sulph., artificial —;  clem., sun__,
   bright —; dig., bright —, bright day —, candle —;  euph.,
   clay or sun —, candle —; gels., artificial —;  graph., sun
   — ; hep.,  bright day — ; ign.,  sun—;  ipec,  especially
   candle— ; kali e, kobalt. and kreos., bright—; lith. carb.,
   candle or sun —; lye —, evening — ; mag. mur., mancin.
   and mang. acet., candle —; mere iod,, bright —;  mere
   peren., sun, bright or artificial —; mere sol., fire or arti-
   ficial —; mur.  ae, nat. mur., lamp — ; nux mos., nux v.,
   artificial—; petrol.,  phos,, lamp—; phos. ae, candle —;
   phyto., gas — ; puis. —, sun —; rhodod., bright day — ;
   ruta, samb. nig., sarsap., — of day; sep., day or candle — ;
   sil., day —;  staph., stram., bright—; sulph., in evening
   —, bright  —, gas — more  than sun —.
Living high : Puis.
Looking:  Alum., up;  apis, at bright object;  bary. e, fix-
   edly, or upwards and sideways; carb. v., up; chelid., up;
   dros.,  carefully at small things ; duboisin,  at food while 
158
REPERTORY.
  eating; graph., at anything white or red, or at the  sun ;
  hep., at  anything steadily; kalm., downward;  lachnan.,
  mere sol., at an  object; nat  mur., objects become con-
  fused looking at  them; intently;  down steadily; nux v.,
  at an object; phos., at bright objects;  also  phos. ae,
  rheum., intently at an object; rhodod., intently; sabad.,
  at light; upward ; senega, at an object; down ; spong., fix-
  edly at one spot;  staph., at the sun.
Loss of fluids:  China, phos.,  phos. ac.
Lunar  caustic:  Nat. mur.
Lying down: Cedron, cham., con.
Malaria: China, chin. mur.
Masturbation : China, phos. ac.
Measles : Euph., kali e, puis.
Menses: Act. rac, graph., lith. carb., second day of; magn.
  m., before ; puis., sep., zinc
Mental excitement:  Nux v.
Mercury, abuse of:  Aur, met, hep., kali iod., nit. ac, sarsap.
Metastasis:  Puis., of gout or  rheumatism.
Midnight, after: Ars,, rhus t, sulph.
Morbus Brighti: Phos.
Morning: Aeon., act.  rac, alum., ambra,  apocy.  c, early;
  arg.  nit, early in — ; asarum, bary. c, borax, bry., carb. v.,
  cham.,  gambog.,  graph.,  so  that  e.  cannot be opened
  before 9 or 10 a. m. ;  lach., lachnan., lye, mephit., mere
  peren., mur. ae,  nat. mur., nat  sulph.,  nit ae, nitrum,
  nux  v., petrol., phyto., podo., puis., rhus t,  sang., senega,
  sep., sil., spig., sulph., sulph. ac, zinc
Motion: Brom., fluor. ac, prun. spin., spig., sulph.
Moving e. b. : Aeon.,  act.  rac, agar., apis, arg.  nit, arn., 
REPERTORY.
159
  ars., badiago,-bapt, bell., bry., caust, chelid., china, com-
  ocladia,  cup. met., hep., jaborandi, kalniia,  nat. mur.,
  macrotin, phos., physostigma, from  side to side ;  rhus t,
  sang., spig., staph.,. the least; sticta.
----, head: Act.  rac, lachnan,, quickly;  mephit
----, lids: Arn.,  ars.
----, muscles of  face : Puis.
Night., during:  Act.  rac, alum., amm. m., apis,  asaf.,  bell,
  bry.,  cann. ind., cinnabar, coccul., colocy.,  con., crot. tig.,
  hamam., hep.,  kali c, kali iod., kobalt, lye, mere,  cor.,
  mere peren., mere nit.,  mere  prot, mere, sol, especially
  bofore midnight;  nux v., plumb.,  prunus  spin., rhus  t,
  ruta, sep., spig., staph., terebinth., thuja, when his  rest is
  disturbed.
Noon:  Cinnabar.
Opening lids:  Arg. met, any effort;  clem., kali b., ledum,
  spig.
Operation on e. :  Mezer., zinc.
----for strabismus: Berb.
Overdosed :  Nux v.
Overexertion:  Amm. e, carb. v., macrotin, mephit., as from
  —; nat. mur.,  nux v., ruta, senega, sulph.
Overheating :  Aeon., nux v.
Overstudy:  Sulph.
Pressure: Aur. met, bry., hamam., rhus t, sep.
Psoriasis: Sil.
Reading : Agar., agn. cas., amm. e, arg. nit, arn., asar. eup.,
  ben.  ac,  bry.,  calc. e, chelid., by  artificial light;  con.,
  croc,  sat., dulc, duboisin, ferr., hep., kali e, kobalt, lach-
  nan., lil. tig., lith. carb.,  mang. acet., mere peren.,  nat. 
160
REPERTORY.
  mur., nat. sulph., oleander, ox. ae,  phos., phyto., puis.,
  rhodod., ruta, too much;  senega, sep., sulph., sulph. ac.
Reflections from bright objects :  Sep.
Rest, at:  Colocy., dulc.
Rheumatism: Rhus t, spig.
Riding: Nat. mur., in a carriage.
Ringworms:  Sil., before.
Rising from: Cina, bed; hep., sitting bent over;  puis., seat
  or bed;  verat. alb.; bed or chair.
Room, in : Ars., croc, sat., only ; sulph.
____, warm: Arg. nit., cepa, magn.  m., puis.
Rubbing e. :  Kalmia, puis., ruta, sep., spig.
Seminal emissions: Lil.  tig.
Sewing: Amm. e, apis, arg. nit, mere peren.,  nat. mur.,
  ruta.
Sexual excesses:  Phos.
Scrofula:  Bary. iod.,  calc.  ph.,  con.,  graph.,  mere dulc,
  psor., sulph., sulph. ae, syphil., tellur.
Sitting down: Lachnan., after ; puis.
Sleeping,  after: Lach., lye, afternoon nap.
Small-pox: Petrol, sil.
Sneezing: Sabad.
Snow, glare of : Ant. cr., ars.
Spinal irritation:  Nux v.
Stimulants:  Nux v.,  sil., abuse of.
Stomach  troubles: Nux v., puis.
Stooping: Colocy., graph.
Storm, before a:  Rhodod., rhus t., sil.
Straining the eyes: Arg. nit, nux mos.
Summer:  Nux v., only in; Sep. 
REPERTORY. .
161
Sunshine:  Puis.
Sun-stroke: Glon.
Suppression of:  Puis., any bloody discharges;  sarsap., tet-
  ter; sil. and terebinth., foot-sweat
Sweat:  Ant. cr., — touching it;  sulph., sil., and terebinth.,
  foot — suppressed.
Syphilis: Asaf.,  aur. met, cinnabar., kali iod.,  mere prot.,
  mere  sol., petrol., staph., thuja.
Tea-drinking: Sep., females; spig., excessive.
Teeth, decayed:  Phyto.
Time of  aggravation: Ars., 4 a. m. ; atropine, 9 p. m. ; nat.
  mur., 6 p. 31.; spig., 2 or 3 a. m. (?), 6 a. m. in l, e. ; sulph.,
  1 to 3 a. 3t.; terebinth., 1  to 3 a. m.
Tobacco :  Nux v.
Touch :  Aeon., agar., arg. nit.,  aur. met., brom., bry., caust.,
  cepa, chelid., cannot bear the slightest  touch  afterwards ;
  hep., macrotin, mang. acet, mere,  sol.,  nit.  ae, nux.  v.,
  sang., spig., slightest —.
Traumatism: Am., rhus t., sil., verat. vir.
Turning e. :  Mephit, in certain directions.
Uncovered :  Hep., thuja.
Using e. :  Aur. met., calc. c, carb. v., jaborandi, nat. mur.,
  petrol,, physostigma, rhus t,  spig.
Uterine  affections:  Sep., verat. vir.
Uterus, prolapsed: Lil. tig.
Walking :  Ben. ac, puis., commencing to —; sulph.
Warm, getting:  Puis.
Warmth:  Calc. e, mere sol.
Washing :  Amm. in.,  aur. met.  and nitrum, with cold water;
  sulph., — E.
       10 
162
REPERTORY.
Water, exposure in:  Rhus t.
Weather, change of: Cham, and spig., any.
----, cold and damp :  Calc. c, mere sol., rhus t, verat alb.
—<—, hot: Sep.
——-, sultry:  Sulph.
Wet, getting:  Calc.  e, caust, rhus t.
Whooping-cough :  Arn.
Wind : Aeon., exposure to cold, dry —; nat. mur,, in  every
   slight;  puis., sep., cold — ; spig.
Wiping:  Spig., — lashes.
Work, in a damp place :  Sil.
----, fine : Carb. v.
Working, hi water or rain: Calc c, rhus t.
Wounds:  Calend., ledum.
Worms:  Cina, spig.
Writing: Agar., aloe, arg. nit., arn.,  borax,  calc. e, ferr.,
   kobalt., lil.  tig.,  mere,  peren., nat. carb., nat mur., phyto.,
   rhodod., senega, sep., sulph.


                AMELIORATIONS.

Air, cold : Arg. nit., puis.
----, fresh:  Caust.
----, open : Arg.' nit., croc sat., gambog., puis., thuja, some-
   times.
Applications, cold: Arg. nit., mere, sol.,  temporarily ; nux
   v., sometimes; sep.
----, warm (hot):  Ars.,  gels., hep., rhus t,  sil., spig.
Bending head  backwards  :  Senega.
Closing e. : Bry., senega. 
REPERTORY.                   163
(lovering e. :  Thuja, warmly.
Dark, in:  China, con., mur. ac, nux mos.
Day, during: Nux v., sep., middle of.
Dysmenorrhcea:  Verat. vir.
Evening:  Arg. nit.
Faint: Verat vir.
Head : Gels., by holding — erect.
Headache: Zinc, when — passes off.
Light:  Valerian.
Looking: Bary.  e, downwards.
Lying down: Act rac, cina, sep., spong.
Noon : Asarum, sep., spig.
Pressure: Asaf., bry., chelid., at first; coloe, firm; con.,
   sometimes; hamam., by — on e. with fingers, but worse
   for a few moments after ; Sulph.
Reading : Duboisin, at double the usual distance.
Rest: Asaf.,  brom., bry., prun. spin.
Room, in: Amm. m., colocy., con.,  dark ;  ruta.
Rubbing e. :  Caust., cina, can see more  clearly for  awhile;
   euph.,  mere  peren., nux  v., puis., spig.,  staph., thuja,
   zinc.
Shading e. :  Phos.
Stooping: Aeon.
Storm,  when it is developed: Rhodod.
Tears, flowing:  Sep.
Touch :  Caust, hyos., thuja.
Twilight: Phos.
Walking about:  Colocy., lachnan., nat.  m., room.
Washing: Agar, and asarum, with cold  water;  mur. ac.
Water,  cold:  Aeon.
Winking: Euph. 
164
REPERTORY.
Wiping E.: Alum., puis.

                 CONCOMITANTS.

Abdomen: Croc, sat., as if something alive in ; euph., pain
  in — alternates with pain in eye.
Albumiuria:  Ars., zinc.
Amenorrhcea: Puis.
Anaemia: Ars., puis.
Anxiety : Aeon., arg. nit.
Apoplexy:  Aeon.
Appetite  : Sulph., poor —.
Arms : Berb., violent shooting pains from eyes to — ; con.,
  debility of; spig., pain in muscles of l. u. —  from  l. e.
  every few minutes.
Arteries :  Amyl  nit.,  small,  but not abnormally so ; bell.,
  retinal;  duboisin.
Arthritic troubles:  Spig.
Asthma:  Aeon.
Aversion to :  Sulph., washing.
Awakens:  Nux v., cross ; sulph., because of pam.
Back : Kalmia, characteristic pains ; terebinth., pain in.
Blood, rush of, to head :  China.
Body: Arn.,  cool;  sil., weakness of.
Boils : Sil., sudden appearance of.
Bones: Mere sol., pain  in,  at night.
Brain: Berb., shooting pains through — into eyes ;  paris
  quad.,  feeling as of a thread drawn through eyeball, back-
  ward into the middle of  the —; thuja,  stitch commenc-
  ing in center  of —, and  then through center of l. e. ;
  zinc, affected —. 
REPERTORY.
165
Breath :  Merc, sol., offensive.
Breathing:  Hyos., slow ;  nat mur., short, on least exertion.
Carried all the time, wants to be ; Cham.
Catarrh:  Merc iod.
Cheeks: Apis, swelling from  eyes to —; ars., excoriated by
  discharge from eye;  cepa,  thread-like pain from  toward
  the  eye;  euph,,  sore, from acrid  tears;  as if varnished ;
  kali e, l. — swollen ; ledum, sore from acrid tears; lye,
  tears corrode ; mere  cor., inflammatory swelling of ; mere
  sol., pimples on; —  sore from  acrid  tears; nit. ac, red;
  petrol., rough ; rhus  t, dotted with red pimples ; drawing
  pains ;  swollen ;  staph., tears sclald the l. —.
Children: Ant. cr., cross, peevish;  calc. c, unhealthy, "pot-
  bellied," inclined to grow fat; calc. iod., pale, fat; cham.,
  peevish, fretful, cross during dentition; hep., outrageously
  cross; sulph., irritable and cross by day.
Chill: Eup. purp., sulph., during day.
Chlorosis: Nat. mur.
Cholera infantum : Opium.
Chorea: Agar.
Cold, easily takes :  Hep., sil.
Colic: Nux v.
Confused mind : Thuja, for half an hour.
Constipation:  Nux v.
Convulsions:  Glon.,  strain., from  bright light,  or  brilliant
  objects; verat. v.
Coryza : Cepa, euph., sang.
Cough :  Ant. cr., worse looking into fire.
Debility: Aur. met.,  con., especially of arms  and legs; sec.
  cor., nervous. 
166
REPERTORY.
Desire for: Aur. met, coffee ; sil., warm covering, especially
  about the head.
Die, wishes to : Aeon.
Discharge, none : Aeon.
----, nasal:  Cepa, excoriating ;  euph., not excoriating.
Dizzy, gets:  Spig., turning e. ; must turn the  whole head.
Dreams : Rhus t, bad.
Drowsiness :  Apis, Calad., before dinner.
Dysmenorrhoea: Bell., neuralgic.
Ears: Ant. cr., moist eruptions on  or about — ;  atropine,
  pain from  left orbit;  graph., moist eruptions behind — ;
  kalm., stitches in—; puis., diminished hearing;  tellur.,
  offensive discharge from —, smelling like fish-brine.
Epilepsy: Hyos.
Eructations: Kalmia, in morning.
Eruptions: Arn., nettle-rash ; sulph., eczema.
Erysipelas:  Arn., face ; kali e
Face: Amyl  nit, flushed; ant  c, pustules; apis, flushed;
  red ; arg. nit, heat in ; arn., erysipelas; bell., redness and
  swelling of;  cact. gr., flushed; crot.  tig.,  eruption on;
  red and burning ;  hot; ign,, spasmodic action of  various
  muscles  of;  lachnan.,  red;  lil. tig.,  flushed  and  hot;
  magn. m., pimples on, coining and going ;  mere dulc,
  eruption on; mere sol., eruptions ; mezer., eczema ; puis.,
  paleness of ;  acne on ; rhus t., hot, flushed ;  drawing and
  tearing in  malar bones ;  sang., flushed ;  sep., eruption on ;
  staph., bursting pain  on side of; sulph., whole face  swol-
  len ; terebinth., side of — swollen.
Faint-ness-ing :  Cina, glon., nux mos., after  blindness.
Feet: Apis, cold ; kalmia, stitches in ; sulph., burning. 
REPERTORY.
167
Fever:  Crot tig., spig., sulph., night.
Fingers: Kalmia, stitches in.
Fluttering: Therid. cur.
Forehead:  ^Escul. hipp., over left  eye; brom., throbbing
   stitches  from eye to l. u. lid; chelid., tearing pain from
   l. eye; euph., pain in ; lil. tig., pricking in skin of; mere
   sol., pain; millefol., pain from  eyes  to  sides of —;  nux
   mos.,  dull;   paris  quad., as  if  skin of —were  drawn
   together and bones scraped  sore;  plumb., nightly tearing
   pains ; prunus spin., a sharp pain begiuning in r. side of
   __} shooting like lightning through the brain  and coming
   out  at occip.;  sep., pain;  sil., tension in; spig.,  tensive,
   teariug  pain in —, especially beneath the L. frontal  emi-
   nence, extending toward orbits ;  thrust-like, tearing pain,
   worse in r. frontal eminence ; a shoot of pain through — ;
   burning  pain in r. side of —, extending to  eye; thuja,
   pain in  l. frontal eminence.
Giddiness :  Con., ferr., ox.  ae
Glands: Aur. met., cervical — swollen; bary. e, bary. iod.,
   particularly the lymphatics, which  feel like  a string of
   beans everywhere between the muscles, down to the spinal
   column; calc.  iod., — swollen;  mere  cor., —  swollen,
   cervical; mere prot., — swollen  in  various parts of the
   body;  sulph. iod.
Gout:  Puis.
Hands : Bell., hot; ther. cur., cold.
Hay-fever: Cepa.
Head: Act. rac, pain from eyes to top of — ; over l. eye ex-
   tending to occip.;  apis, pain across forehead ;  tearing pain
   in flushed — ;  heat of  —;  arg. nit., dull pain, especially  in 
168
REPERTORY.
  — ; arn., hot;  asaf., throbbing pain in —; sinciput; bry.,
  shooting pain from eye to —; pain from posterior portion
  of eye to occiput; pain as from a needle going through;
  carb.  v.,  congestion to—; cina, dizziness in —; china,
  rush of blood to —;  cist can., headache on r. side; crot.
  tig., vesicular eruptions ; graph., eruptions on —; drawing
  from  e. to —; ign., pain from — into l. eye;  lach., pain
  from  r. eye to vertex;  stitches  from — to eyes; violent
  congestion to — ; lil. tig., pain from eyes  back into —;
  mephit.,  aching;  mere prot.,  sore  to touch, from pain
  from  eyes; mere  sol., sore; mezer., eczema;  mur. ae,
  pain in occip.; nat. mur., aching, throbbing;  nat. sulph.,
  aching;  nux mos., dull;  grasps —, it feels so strangely;
  nux v., pain to vertex from retina; paris quad., pain from
  eyes to occip.;  sore spot there ;  pressure with  the fingers
  would cause her  to cry out;  petrol.,  dull pulsating  in
  occip.; phos., roaring in —; congestion to —; psor., pain
  down back of —;  complains mostly of —; rhus t, pains
  from eyes to —; drawing pains; sil., drawing pain, nervous
  sensation in —; spig., must turn the — to look at an ob-
  ject ;  terebinth., pain from eye  to occip., through corres-
  ponding  side of  —, in the course  of the supra-orbital
  nerve; thuja, aching into back  of — from eyes.
Headache:   Act.  rac, agar., left-sided ;  arg. nit, asarum,
  congestive; arum tri., badiago, extending to eyeballs, 2 p.
  m. to 7 p. m. ; cactus gr., congestive; ign., jaborandi, kali b.,
  before eye troubles, jaborondi, lach., nat. mur., coming on in
  morning, often before rising; nux v., dull frontal; opium,
  congestive; paris  quad,,  worse  in evening, confusion  of
  whole forehead; petrol., occip.; phos. ac, of school chil- 
repertory.                   169
  dren;  puis., tearing, throbbing;  plat, rheum, pressing;
  sang.,  congestive;  sarsap.,  from  behind  forward; sep.,
  dull; spig., severe  neuralgia;  spong., sulph.,  verat. vir.,
  just before menses or after;  zinc.
Health :  Calc. hypophos., not good.
Hearing:  Calc. e, dull.
Heart affections : Kali e, lach., puis.
Hemoptysis:  Phos.
Hydrocephalus: Hell.
Hysteria: Ferr., ign., therid. cur.
Icterus:  Sang.
Irritable: Aur. met.,  nux v., awakens — in morning.
Jaw: Iod. tearing pain from inner canthus of eye, to artic-
  ulation of  —.
Legs : Con.,  debility of.
Lies down, must:  Mere sol., therid. cur.
Lips:  Ant. cr. and kali e, u. —  swollen;  mere, dulc, nat.
  mur., sore.
Lung affections:  Lach.
Menstrual disorders:  Nat. mur.
Mother: Merc, sol., has syphilitic leucorrhcea.
Mouth:   Cundurango and  nat. mur., sore or cracking  of
  corners.
Nausea:  Fluor, ae,  ipec,  jaborandi, always  produced  on
  looking at  moving objects; kalmia, in morning; nat. mur.,
  therid. cur.
Negro : Puis., with eye affections.
Nervous people: Ign., sil.
Neuralgia:  Iris v., spig., valerian., hysterical.
Nose : Ant. c, soreness of ant. —; arg. nit., dullness in root 
170
REPERTORY.
  of; arum tri., des're to bore  into side of; caust, old warts
  on; graph., thin, acrid discharge; kali b., pain from root
  of — to ext. angle of  the eye exactly;  mere cor., tearing
  near root of —; soreness and excoriation of; mere dulc,
  sore; mere sol., excoriation of;  mezer., itching, biting of
  skin near;  millefol.,  pressing in eyes to root of —, and
  sides of forehead; petrol., dryness r. side of —; pain  at
  root of—;  purulent  discharge from; psor., pain down;
  puis.,  ulcerated;  sulph., much itching on  tip of; zinc,
  great pressure across root of.
Nosebleed:  Ox. ac
Palpitation: Nat. mur.
Patella:  Carb. ae, slight pain under r.  —, of short duration.
Pregnancy: Sil.
Restlessness: Ars.,  after  midnight; rheum., inward; rhus t.
  and sulph., night.
Rheumatic subjects:  Bry., rhus t, spig.
Ringworms: Sil.
Scalp: Arg. nit., as if — were drawn down tightly.
Sensitive people:  Sil.
----to draught of air:  Hep., sil.
Sick feeling: Nux mos.
Skin: Petrol., rough.
Sleep, awakes from: Nux  v. and  sulph., because of pain;
  samb. nig., — screaming.
----, cannot: Verat. alb., because  of pains.
Sleepless: Nux v.
Sleepy disposition :  Con., nat. mur.
Sneezing:  Cepa.
Sore to touch :  Merc. sol. 
REPERTORY.                   171
Spasms:  Agar., clonic; hyos.
Spine:  Agar., very sensitive to touch between shoulders;
  anaemia of —.
Spinal irritation: Nat. mur.
----meningitis: Hyos.
Staggers to and fro:  Cina, con., as if drunken.
Stand, on attempting to: Cicut. vir.,  wishes to hold on to
  something.
Stomach : Acet. ac, sour;  puis., derangements.
Sweat:  Calc. c. and calc. iod., about head profuse ; mere sol.,
  night — and no  relief; spig.
Tearful females:  Puis.
Teeth:  Chelid., tearing  pain from l. eye;  staph., pains ex-
  tend to — from eyes.
Temples: Atropine, slight pain;  badiago, pain from eyes;
  aching pains; berb., violent shooting pains from — to eyes;
  brom., throbbing stitches from l. u. lid ; cedron, — to —;
  chelid., tearing pain from  l. eye; graph., stitches from —
  through eye to inner  canthus;  mere cor., pain in —, at
  night;  mere sol., pain ; spig., boring pains ; staph., burst-
  ing pains.
Tetanus: Aeon., phyto.
Thirstless: Apis.
Thirsty: Rhus t.
Throat:  Lach., when pressed on, eyes feel as if forced out
Tongue : Merc, cor., coated ;  mere, prot., thick yellow coat at
  base of.
Tonsils:  Calc.  iod. and calc. ph., enlargement of.
Trembling:  Arg. nit,, of whole body.
Twitching:  Agar., of facial muscles. 
172
REPERTORY.
Unconscious: Spig.
Urine:  Terebinth., scanty and high-colored.
Uterine affections:  Nat. mur., puis., sep., sil.
Vaso-motor disturbances : Amyl nit.
Veins:  Amyl nit, — of disc,  become  enlarged;  varicose,
   tortuous;  bell, and duboisin,  retinal;  tellur.
Vertigo: Aeon.,  agar.,  alum., con., gels., glon., jaborandi,
   kali b., verat. vir., relieved by closing eyes and resting head.
Vomiting: Nat mur., nux v., puis., inclination to.
Walk, cannot:  Verat. vir.
Weakness : Nat. mur., muscular, general; sep.
Whooping cough : Carb. v.
Zygoma: Chelid., tearing pains from l. eye.
                     SYMPTOMS.
                    Objective and Subjective.

Above downward : Bry., pressure — r. e. b. ; — malar region.
Abscess:  Calc. hypophos., hep., mere cor., mezer. and sulph.,
   cornea; puis., margins;  rhus t
Absorption of lens fragments, promotes : Senega.
Accommodation, paralysis of:  Arg. nit., duboisin, before dila-
   tation of pupil and after the latter has recovered; physos-
   tigma, locally.
----recovers before the pupil:  Physostigma.
----, spasm of: Lil. tig. (?),  physostigma.
----, sluggishness of:  Con., gels.
----^weakness of the: Arg. nit, con., duboisin, "true;" nux
   v., in one eye. 
REPERTORY.
173
Accommodative apparatus: Jaborandi, approximation of the
  nearest and farthest points  of distinct vision; tension of.
Aching: Aeon., act. rac, e. b. ; aescnl. hipp., over l. e. ; agar.,
  L. E. b. ; ail. gl., apis, lower part l. e. b. ; arg. nit., — pain
  deep in eye; badiago, slight pain in posterior portion of both
  e. b. ; — bry., steady — in posterior portion of eye, extend-
  ing through to occip.; chelid.  e. b. ;  cinnabar., con., across
  eyebrows; dulc, gels., glon., graph., hep., — l. ;  kobalt.,
  lach., especially  l. e. ;  lac. ae, steady — in and behind e.
  b. ; lept, macrotin, mere prot., mere sol., nat. mur., E. b. ;
  petrol., phos., eyes; orbits; forehead;  podo., phyto., —
  along lower  half  of  r. orbit; rhus t, ruta, in and over
  eye;  senega,  over  orbits; sulph., — l. ; terebinth., thuja,
  in and over eye;  ustilago, verat. vir.,  upper part of r. orbit.
Acid in eye,  pain as from; Rhus t, r.  e.
Acts on : Thuja, sclera prominently.
Acute attacks:  Aeon.
Adhere: iEthu. cy., edges of  lids, at night, must be washed
  open in morning; alum., as if L. would — in corners.
Adhesions:  Physostigma, tears — of iris.
Agglutinated, as if: Caust, to l. l. and  could not be easily
  loosened.
Agglutination  (See "glued together").
Alternates from one eye to the other:  Ars.
Amaurosis:  Alum., arg. nit., aur. met., bell, dulc, gels., ign.,
  nux v., phos., phos. ae, ruta, sulph.,  tabae, zinc.
Amblyopia:  Bell.,  china, hyos., lach., nat. m., nux v., opium,
  phos., puis., ruta, sil., strych., tabae, terebinth., thuja,
Anchylops :  Staph.,  leaving a small hard tumor.
Anaemia:  Agar, and spig., of  optic nerve; agar., retina and
  choroid; chin, sulph., disc and retina. 
174                    REPERTORY.
Anaesthesia:  Hep., jaborandi and zinc, — of retina.
Angry appearance of: Kali iod., eye.
Apoplexy of retina: Bell.
Astigmatism: Agar., gels., jaborandi, physostigma, sep.
Asthenopia:  Aeon., act, rac, agar., amm.  e, apis,  arg. nit.,
  asarum, cact. g., calc. e,  carb. v., chlor. hyd., cinnabar.,
  comocladia, con,, duboisin, eserine, gels,, hamam., hydras.,
  jaborandi, kalmia,  lach., lept, lil.  tig., macrotin, mere
  peren., mur.  ae, nat. mur., nux v., phos.,  physostigma,
  puis., quinine, rhodod., ruta, santonine, sec. cor., sep., spig.,
  stilling., sulph.
Atrophy of the optic nerve:  Arg. nit,  nux. v., strych.
----choroid :  Kali iod.
Axis of eye:  Physostigma, differs in each.
Beaten, as if: Calc. ph. and hep., e. b.
Beating in (pain): Asaf., hyos., r. e. ;  terebinth.
Beef, looks like a  piece  of raw: Ars., conj.; sulph., cornea.
Bind the eye, must: Fluor, ae, with a  cloth.
Biting in (pain):   Agar., e.  l., eyebrows;  apis, arg.  nit, es-
  pecially in canthi; canth., caust, euph.,  at times;  graph.,
  kali e,  mere sol., as from  horse-radish;  mezer., eye;
  margin;  nit. ac,  nux v., especially ext. cth.; puis., int.
  cth.; l. ; ranun. bulb., rhus  t, r. e. ; e. ; ruta., int. cth.;
  l. l. ;  stann., as from rubbing with a woolen cloth, sulph.,
  valerian., margin; zinc, ext. cth.; r. int. cth.; r. e.
Black before e : Cina, sep.
Blear-eyed: Puis.
Bleeds easily:  Graph., cth.; hep., l. ; mere cor., nux v.,__
  on opening.
Blenorrhoea: Calc. hyphos., calend., kreos., mere prot, mere
  sol., nat. mur., nux v., petrol., puis., sil, stann., sulph., zinc. 
REPERTORY.
175
Blepharitis :  Ant. cr., obstinate ;  apis., with thickening and
  swelling; — chronic; arg. met., arg. nit., ciliary ; ars., aur.
  met., calc e, calc. iod., caust., cinnabar., euph., gels., graph.
  and hep., chronic;  lye,  ciliary;  mere cor., mere  dulc,
  ciliary;  mere prot, mere nit, int. and ext.; mere oxyd.
  flav., marginal; mere sol., acute  and chronic; nat. mur.,
  nux v., petrol., psor.,  right to  left;  puis.,  acute and
  chronic; rhus t,  senega, sep., chronic ciliary; sil., stann.,
  sulph., especially chronic.
Blind:  (see Vision, loss of).
Blindness, feeling of:  Hep.
----, transient: (see  Vision, transient).
Blinking:  Chelid. l. ;  mere peren., nux v.
Blisters: Aur. met., little — on margins; tellur., near edge
  of cornea; nat. sulph., like —.
Bloated :  Sarsap., int. cth.
Blood, exudation of:  Crot. hor., nux v.
----, fluid condition of:  Arn., corrects.
----, sensation of too much: Millef.
----shot:  Amm. e,  arn., E. B.; hamam. R. e.
Blur before eye: Jaborandi, especially  looking at a distance.
Blurred eye: Euph.
Blue margins around eye :  (see Circles).
Bluish color:  Badiago, margins;  sarsap., int.  cth.
Boil, sore as a:  Bry., seat of pain.
Boring pain: Arg.  nit,  over l. e. ; asaf, severe —  above
  brows; mere. sol.
Brilliant eye: iEthu. cy., bell.,  lachnan., millef., stram.
Bruised: Aeon, and hamam., int. and  ext.
----, as if: Ant. t., aur. met, bone around e. ;  coccul., cup.
  met. in orbits;  hep., ruta, in orbicular cartilages; sep. 
176
REPERTORY.
Bruised pain : Gels., above and back of orbits; sulph.
Burning: Aeon., e. l. ; sescul. hipp., deep in l. orbit, as if it
  surrounded the e. b. ; agar., cth.; int. cth.; agn. cas. e. ; <
  alum, l. ; amm. e, amm. m., cth.;  apis, margins; arg. nit,
  especially iu cth.;  dry — without real dryness; ars., vio-
  lent ; — margin;  asaf., — ulcers on  cornea; e. b. ;  asa-
  rum, aur. met., int. cth.;  l. ; bapt, bell., ben. ae,  e. ; l. ;
  berb., conj.; bry., r. e. ; calc. e, margins int. cth.; calad.,
  canth., caps., carb. v., caust., cham., cinnabar., R. e. ;
  clem., con., e. ; int.  surface of l. ; croc sat, sore; crot
  tig., euph., margins, — stitching; ferr., gambog.,  e. ; l. ;
  graph., int. cth.; hydras., ign., iris v., int. cth.; jaborandi,
  kali  b., kali e,  kali  iod., kreos., heat; conj.;  lachnan.,
  ledum, margin;  lil.  tig.,  lye,  l;  magn.  e, magn. m.,
  mancin., — l ; mang. acet, mephit.,  mere cor.,  e. mar-
  gins ; mere iod.,  mere peren., mere  sol., pain  in and
  around e., e. l.,  as  from  fiery points;  nat. mur., e., l.
  margins; nat. sulph., r. e. margins; nit. ac, nitrum, nux
  v., — as from salt;  l., especially the  margins; oleander,
  opium, petrol., int. cth,; e. ; phos., small — spots on e. b. ;
  phos. ac, l. and cth.; phyto., pain in e. ; psor., puis., L.;
  ranun. bulb., R. L. l. ;  rhodod., rhus t, e. l., (r.) int. cth.;
  ruta, e. ; beneath l. e. ; sang.,  e. margins; senega,  sep.,
  sil.,  spong., staph.,  sticta,  l. ;  sulph. — l. int. and ext,
  cth., margins; — as  from lime; tarax., thuja, margins,
   e. l, ;  zinc, l. l.  e., constant,  l. ; zingiber.
 Burning  pain: Apis, ars., calc. e, euph., graph., around e. ;
   kali b., kali c, ext. cth.; mere peren., l. e. ; mere sol.,
   mur. ae, sharp — from l.  e. to r. e. ;  nux v., e, and l. ;
   psor., rhodod., rhus t, spig., r.  side of forehead, ext to e.,
   r. e. b. ;  contractive —. 
REPERTORY.                    177
Burrowing pain:  Spig., middle of E. and int. cth. violent
Bursting pain :  Glon., staph.
Capillaries enlarged : Clem., euph.
Caries : Sil., of orbit
Cataract:  Amm. c, r. e.; caust., (see half perpendicularly);
   colch.,  soft;  con., from  contusion;  magn. e, puis. (?),
   see cor., soft or hard, — senilis;  sep., sil.,  sulph.
----,  arrested :  Calc ph.,  caus., lye,  when prescribed  for
   dyspeptic symptoms; phos.
Cellulitis, orbital: Hep., lach.,  phos, inflammation slow  in
   its course and not attended by severe pain ; rhus tox.
Chalazone : Graph., in all stages; staph.,  one after another.
Chemosis:  Aeon., apis, arg. nit, euph., hep., kali b., kali
   iod., mere sol., phyto., puis., rhus t, terebinth.
Chipped out, look  as if: Mere prot., the cornea by ulcer-
   ations.
Choroiditis : Ars., aur.  met., bell., bry., gels., hep., jaborandi,
   kali iod., mere  sol., nux v., phos.,  phyto., prunus spin.,
   psor., ruta, sil., sulph.
——,  retino :  (see Retino-choroiditis).
Cicatrices on cornea : Apis, hyper., relieves pain in old ;  sil.
Cilia:  Graph., hep. and rhus t, — fall out; borax, irregu-
   larity, — turn inward; thuja, imperfect and irregular.
Circles around e. dark blue, blue  or bluish: Ail. gl., cicuta
   vir., hell., kreos., nux mos., — green  blue; phos., sabad.,
   sec. cor., sulph. ae, under r.  e.,  also see rings, etc.
Circles around cornea,  blue or bluish : Aeon., spig.
---------------, pale:  Kali b.
---------------, red:  Ipec, spig. and  sulph., pinkish.
       11 
178
REPERTORY.
Clear sighted : Hyos., valerian.
Close the e., desire to: Calc. e
---------, too firmly, as if (see " Spasmodically,"):  Ambra,
   — from pain.
----, inclination to :  Caust., gels., when looking steadily;
   jacea, as from sleeping;  sep.
----, involuntarily:  Caust., gels., mere sol., nat.  carb., nat.
   mur., nux mos., rhus t., sulph., five or six times.
■----, half: Agar., gels., opium.
----, can hardly: Nux mos.
----, lightly:  Lauroc.
----, must: Calad., even while  walking in  the  open air;
   canth., euph., gels., mere sol., psor., constantly.
----, spasmodically: Ars., coccul.,  hep., hyos., mere cor.,
   mere sol., nat. mur.
Cloth, as from rubbing with a woollen: Stann.
Cloudiness of: Gels, and kali iod., — aq. humor.
Coldness, sensation  of:  Alum., arg. nit., berb., like from  a
   cold wind;  calc. ph., behind e, ; graph., over the e. ; kali
   c, l. ; phos. ac, of inner surface of l. ; plat., in  e. ; spong.
Cold stream of air was blowing out through e., as if:  Thuja.
Colors appeared,  as if all: Con., white.
Come and go  suddenly, pains: Cedron, ferr.
Compression, feeling of:  Cham., tight, from all sides; lach-
   nan., l, e. b., from below upward ; nat. mur., e. b.
Condylomata:  thuja, on iris.
Congestion:  Aeon.,  intense;  act.  rac, ail.  gl., apis, conj.;
   arg.  nit., ocul. and palp.  conj.;  arn., bapt, bell., optic
   nerve;  retina; cact. gr., carb.  v.,  cepa, capillaries; gels.,
   l. ; glon., sang, and phos.,  of retina; spig.,  ciliary vessels;
   sulph., optic nerve; zinc, zinc ph. 
REPERTORY.
L79
Conjunctivitis, catarrhal:  Aeon., alum.,  apis, arg. nit., arn.,
  ars.,  bell.,  calc. e,  caust.,  cepa, cinnabar.,  cup.  sulph.,
  euph., graph., hep.,  ign., mere sol., nux v., puis., rhus t,
  sang., sep.,  sticta, zinc, sulph.
----, croupous: Acet ac, ars., hep., kali b., mere prot.
----, pustular: Ant. e, apis, ars., aur. met., bary. iod., calc.
  c, calend.,  cann. ind., con.,  crot tig., euph., graph., hep.,
  ipec, kali b., mere, nat. mur., nux. v., psor., puis., rhus t,
  sep.,  sulph., tellur., thuja, zinc.
----, purulent: Aeon.,  apis,  arg. nit., calc e, calc. ph.,
  euph., hep., mere  sol., nit ae, puis., rhus t, sulph.
Conical cornea: Calc.  iod., puis.
Constriction :  Merc,  sol., of l.
Contorted : Stram.,  verat. vir.
Contraction of: Agar., fissura palp.;  paris  quad., feeling of
  — in int. cth.; rhod., l. ; sep, feeling of;  tabae, l.
Contused wounds: Arn.
Convulsive  movements:   Bell.,  of  e. b. ;  cina,  superciliary
  muscle.
Corneitis:  (see Keratitis).
Cover the eye, must: Sulph.
----, as if  l.  did  not:  Sep.
----, cannot  bear to :  Apis.
----, as if  mucus does : Euph.
Cracks  in :  Graph., cth.
Cramp: Ruta., l. l.  ; the tarsal cartilage is drawn back and
  forth;  arn., (l.) e. b., like tearing.
Crawling pains: China, e. and inner surface of l.
Crushed, as if: Prun. spin., e. b.
Crusts  on l. :   Ant. e,  arg. nit., aur. met.,  mere cor.,  mere
  oxyd. flav.,  mere precip. ruber. 
180
REPERTORY.
Cutting l., as if: Nux v., l. l.
Cutting pain'. Amm. e,  aur. met, through e. ; calc. e, l. ;
  colocy., sharp  — r. e. b. ; euph., pressive, extending  to
  frontal sinuses;  spig., margin l.  l. l. ; sulph.,  margins,
  ext cth.; severe — r.  e.
Cysts: Merc, sol., meibomian.
Darting  pain:  Apis,  croc, sat., l. e. to r. e. ;  eup. pert,
  through e. as from  needles;  e.  not inflamed; kobalt,
  nux v., in and  over e. ; sil., through e. and head ; sulph.
Dart from object to object: Ustil., e.
Darkness before e : (see  Black before e.), nat. mur., puis.
Dazzled, e. feel:  Senega.
Dazzles  the e., light:  Ars., bary. e, con., dros., phos., sil.,
  day;  stram.
Deposit  on: Tellur., chalky-looking white mass on  anterior
  surface of lens.
Depressions:  Ipec, a number of small — on cornea.
Dermoid swellings:  Nat.  carb., of conj.;  nit. ac.
Descemititis:  Gels., kali b., characterized by fine  punctate
  opacities.
Digging pain :  Colch.,  deep in orbit.
Dilated :  Duboisin, retinal veins.
----pupils : (see Pupils Dilated).
Dim e. :  Bovis., caust., cepa,  china,  cup. met., lye, nat.  c,
  nit. ae, sang.
Diminished:  Duboisin, retinal arteries.
Dimness before e. : Aloe, croc, sat, puis.
----of:  Ipec. and zingib., of cornea.
Diplopia:  (see Vision,  double).
Discharge:  Millef.
----, accelerates the:  Hep., of pus; nux v. (?) 
REPERTORY.
181
Discharge, acid:  Colocy.
----, acrid:  Ars., calc, e, euph., graph., mere, cor., mere
  sol, nat. mur.,  sulph.
----, bland:  Puis., sticta, zinc, sulph.
——, bloody : Cham., nux v. (?)
----, constant: Graph.
----, burning:  (see Discharge, acrid).
----, excoriating:  (see  Discharge, acrid).
----, glutinous:  Eup. pert, from meibomian glands; Euph.
----, ichorous: Merc. cor.
■----, mixed : Con., — with tears ;  cup., cup. sulph.
----, moderate :  Sang.
----, mucus:  Ant.  c, arg. nit., calc. c, cham., con.,  cup.,
  cup.  sulph., euph., graph., hydras., kali iod.,  lachnan.,
  lye, mere sol., nat. mur., petrol., puis., rhus t, sep., sulph.,
  zinc.
----, profuse: Ant. c, arg. nil, calc.  e, con., euph.,  hep.,
  kali b., kali c, kreos., mere precip. rub.,  mere sol., puis.,
  sil., stann.,  sticta, tellur., zinc.
----, not profuse:  Zinc,  sulph.
----, purulent:  Arg.  met,  arg. nit,  bapt, bry.,  calc. c,
  cham., con., euph., graph., kah iod.,  lye, copious; mere
  precip. rub., mere sol., nux v., petrol.,  puis., rhus t, sep.,
  sulph., tellur., zinc.
----, pus-like:  Ail. gl., cup., cup. sulph., graph.
----, stringy: Kali b.
----, tenacious: Sulph.
----, thick:  Calc. c, euph.,puis.
----, thin:  Ars.,  alum.,  graph., mere  cor., mere, sol, nut,
  mur. 
182
REPERTORY.
Discharge, viscid: Agar.
----, watery :  Nat.  mur.
----, white: Petrol., puis., stann.
Discolored: Spig., — iris.
Distended with air, as if:  Ars., l.
Distorted: Aeon., in  tetanus; bell.,  calc. ph.,  e. b. ; hyos.,
  lauroe, verat. alb.
Distressed, as if:  Ruta.
Dragging feeling: Sep.
Drawn back and forth:  Ruta, l. l. tarsal cartilage.
----down:  Merc, sol., l. ; viola odor., l., as from sleepiness.
----in, edges  of  l. : Arg, met.
----into orbit, as if: Bry.
----together:  Bry., l. u. l.
----toward : Cyclam., l. e. to int. cth.
----upward :  Lachnan., eyebrows and lids.
Drawing  pain  (sensation): Aur,, int. cth., l. ;  cann.  sat,
  spasmodic; cinnabar.,  from right  int. cth.  across malar
  bone to ear; colch., deep in  orbit;  gels., over e. ; glon.,
  graph., extending from  e. up into  head; kalmia, muscles
  around e. ; lach., r. e. to vert.; lith.  carb.,  deep in r. e.
  and around it; nat.  mur.,  muscles;  paris quad., from e.
  to occip.; physostigma, — r. e ; puis., rhus t, region of eye-
  brows ;  senega, e. b. ; sep., ext. cth.
Drooping of l. :  Gels., nat. mur., sep.
Drowsiness, sensation of:  China, mere sol.
Dry: Aeon., l. ;  alum., l., int.  cth.; arg. nit., l.  not real
  dry; ars., l. ;  asarum,  painfully—; bary. e,  bell, berb.,
  e., int.  cth.;  canth., real —; caust.,  clem., cyclam.,  l. ;
  duboisin, euph.,  — pressive,  l. ;  graph.,  l. ;  hell.,  l. ; 
REPERTORY.
183
  lachnan., lith. carb.,  lye,  l.  e. ;  magn.  e, mang. acet.,
  mere, peren.,  mezer., nux mos., nux v., int.  cth.;  opium,
  petrol., l. ;  puis., r. e. ;  e. ;  l. ; rhodod., rhiis t., rumex c,
  sang., e. ;  u.  l. ; sep., margins,  e. ;  sil., staph., margins;
  sulph., e., inner surface of l., margins, margins R. E., e. b. ;
  thuja, verat. alb., l. excessively — ;  zinc, e. b.
----, as if too: Arn., l. ;  clem., ign.,  u. l. ; lye, nat. mur.,
  staph., zinc, l. l.
Dull  e. :  Carbo v., glon.,  iris v.,  feel —;  kalniia,  kreos,,
  phos. ae, rheum.
----feeling: gels., phyto.
----pain: Bry., especially l.  e ; ledum, behind e. b. ;  phy-
  sostigma, over e. and between.
Dust, as if in e. : Ail. gl., l. e. ; ambra, lachnan., lye, opium,
  rhus t, zinc, r. e., frequently.
Ecchymoses:  Arn., hamam.,  kali b.,  small spot here and
  there, like —; ledum, l. conj.; nux v., sang., conj.
Ectropion: Apis, arg. nit., hamam., locally; mere  precip.
  rub.
Enlarged:  Bell., retinal arteries and  veins  much —; the
  veins markedly so ;  euph., vessels of conj.; rhus t, meibo-
  mian  glands; tellur.,  —  veins,  running  horizontally
  toward the cornea, ending  in little  blisters  near edge of
  cornea.
Entropium:  Aeon., arg. nit, calc. c, graph., nat.  mur.
Episcleritis: Aur,, low  forms; mere  cor.,  mere  sol., nux
  mos., puis., terebinth., thuja.
Eruption : Ant, t, ars., bell., crot. tig., — on l., herpes zoster
  ophthal.; graph., moist, fissured, bleed easily; eczema on
  cornea; pustules on  conj.  and  cornea and along tarsi; 
184                    REPERTORY.
  guaiac, hep., pimples  around e., thick honey-comb  scabs
  on  and around l., conj. herpetica;  magn. m., tinea cilia-
  ris; mere cor., pimples around e., like small boils;  mere
  sol,, mezer., l.  eczema, characterized by thick, hard scabs
  from which  pus  exudes on pressure; nit.  ae, herpes;
  ranun.  bulb., herpes zoster  supra-orbitalis; sarsap,, itch-
  like — on l. ;  sep,, red herpetic spot on u.  l.,  scaly and
  peeling off;  acne ciliaris; sulph., eczema  on l. ; tellur.,
  eczema impet, l., herpes conj. bulbi.
Erysipelas :  Apis, l., they are dark bluish-red, and so swollen
  as to close the  e.,  following severe  pains;  arn., commenc-
  ing in int. cth. of l. e. and  spreading  to the face;  Bell.,
  —  inflam., l.  ; calc.  iod., do,  chiefly u.  l. ; mere cor.,
  mere sol. and rhus t, l/»; verat. vir., l., face and head.
----, as if:  Hep., l.
Erythema:  Bell., l.
Everted l. :  (see  Ectropion).
Excoriation: Alum., int. cth.; ant. e, l. ; apis, l. margins;
  mere cor. and  mere sol., l.
Exophthalmos: Amyl nit, badiago, cact. gr., galvanism, ferr.
  iod., ferr.  acet, ign.,  lycop. virg.  (?), nat.  mur., spong.,
  thuja, dependent on a tumor behind the e. b.
Extravasations:  Arn. and crot.  hor. assist absorption  in
  conj., aq.  humor, retina, or other intraocular  tunics, when
  traumatic; ledum, lach.
Exudation:  Aur., — in  vitreous, also kalmia.
Fall out, cilia:  Alum., aur., calc.  e, rhus t.
----, as if the e. would : Colocy.
Faint appearance of e. :  China.
Far-sight: (see Presbyopia). 
REPERTORY.
185
Fatigued easily: Apis, Sulph.
----feeling:  Ruta, sep.
Fears to open  l. : Clem., psor.
Feathers were  before e., as if:  Alum.
----------on  the lashes, as if:  Spig.
Feeling in e., rough : Ail. gl.
Fiery look:  Canth.
Film over e., as if: Croc, physostigma.
Fire, sensation of :  Ruta, even  as balls of —; sep., especially
   L. e.
----streams out of e., as if: Clem.
Fissured : Graph., ext. cth.
Fistula:  Sil., cornea.
----lachrymalis:  Calc. e, suppurating;  fluor.  ae, mere
   sol.,  with ext. ulceration; millefol., nat. mur.,  nit. ac,
   petrol., swelling  like a —; — of recent origin; puis., sil.,
   acute —; bone  affected;  stann., like a —, at l. int. cth.
Fixed e. : Cam ph.,  hyper., lachnan., lye, see  cor., verat. alb.
Flames of light: Thuja, mostly yellow.
Flashes of light before e. : Bell,, chin, sulph.,  cina, gels., nat.
   carb., dazzling;  nux v., phos., physostigma,  thuja, zinc,
   zinc. ph.
----like lightning in e. : Glon., nat. carb., sil., valerian.
Flashing of fire : Puis., — as if slapped in the face.
Flesn, like a lump of red :  Arg. nit, carun.; lach.
Flickerings before e. : Aeon., make him anxious, fears he
   might  touch people passing by; aescul. hipp., agar., anac,
   ant. t, arn.,  ars.,  borax,  calc. c, carb. v., cham.,  graph.,
   ign., white — on  one side of  field of vision;  kobalt., lach.,
   black, that seem very near ; —;  r. e. ; as from  threads or 
186
REPERTORY.
  rays of the sun;  peculiar zigzag  figures; lye, phos., sen-
  ega, sep., sil., sulph., therid. cur., in frequent paroxysms,
  even when closing e., thuja.
Flies seem to float before e. :  Sulph.
Focal distance changes:  Agar., —  first growTs shorter, then
  longer.
Forced out of head, • as if e.  would be:  Bry.,  lach.,  when
  throat is pressed  on; ledum, mere cor.
Foreign  body in e., as if: Apis, berb., calc. e,  calc. ph.,
  always felt if it  is mentioned; caps., cepa, causes a gush
  of tears to wash it out;  fluor. ae, ign., ext. cth.; mephit,
  mere  sol., as of a cutting substance beneath l. u. l. ; nat
  mur., psor., when l. closed ; puis., staph., hard — beneath
  l. u. l. ;  sulph.,  between margins toward ext. cth.; —;
  thuja.
Fulness,  sensation  of:  Apis, inside  of e.  b. ;  arg.  nit,  l. ;
  gels., l. e. ; nux  mos., sulph., verat. vir.
Fungus haematodes: Calc. e, cornea; sep.
----oculi: Phos.
Give out, e. : Nat. mur., phos.
Glass were  in  e., as  if spiculae of:  Sulph., — and drawn
  toward pupil.
Glassy e. b. : Hell., opium, phos. ac
Glaucoma:  Asaf.,  ars., bell., bry., eserine,  locally;  gels.,
  phos.,  rhodod., spig., sulph.
Glazed e. :  Sec. cor.
Glistening skin:  Sil.,  over R.  lach.  sac.
Glimmering before e. : Cann. ind.,  kalmia.
Glossy:  Nat. mur., skin around e.
Glued  together, l. : Agar., ail. gl., alum., amm.  m., ant. cr., 
REPERTORY.
187
  apis, ars., aur., bary. e, borax, l. e. ; bovis., bry., calc. os.,
  caust,  cham., chelid., clem., dig.,  duboisin,  eup.  pert,
  euph., gambog.,  graph.,  hell.,  hep., ign.,  kali b., kreos.,
  ledum, lye, magn. e, mere precip. rub.,  mere sol., nat
  mur., nat. sulph., phyto., puis., rhus t, sep., sil., staun.,
  sulph., thuja, zinc.
  ----, as if:  Merc, sol., e. b. to l.
Granulations:  Aeon., acute aggravations; alum., chronic —
  L.; arg, nit, bright red, l. ; kali b., locally; L. slight —;
  mere precip. rub., l; mere prot.,  nat. mur., l. ; chronic
  — ;  nat. sulph., large, blister-like —; petrol., phyto., puis.,
  rheum., u. l. ; sang., sep., thuja, when granules are wart-
  like : blister-like;  zinc, after ophthal. neon.
Grayish :  Apis,  cornea.
Gritty feeling in E,:  Bell.
Gum in e. :  Agar., — cth.; ant. e, do.; calc.  e, during day,
  full  of —;  psor., puis.
Gummata:  Aur., cinnab., mere sol. and  thuja, — on iris.
Hair follicles destroyed:  Staph.
____hung over e. and must be wiped away, as if:  Euph.
----were before e., as if:  Alum.
----------in e., as if : Bry., puis., sang.
----, loses: Hell., eyebrows.
----, Avild : Graph.
Halo around the light:  Alum., yellow ; anae, bell., — parti-
  colored, red predominating;  at times light seems broken
  into rays ; calc. c, — ; red and green; cyclam., ipec, blue
  and  red ; lach., in evening a bluish-gray ring, six inches
  in diameter;  bright  blue  ring — beautifully filled with
  fiery rays; nitrum, rain-bow colors; phos., phos. ac, ruta 
188
REPERTORY.
  and sep., green; sulph., verat. vir., green  circles around
  candle-light, which turn to red.
Hangs down, l. :  Alum., it. l., especially l. l. ;  graph., l. l.
  l. ; opium, spig.
Hard :  Aeon., especially u. l. ;  l. ;  nit. ae,  l. ; phyto.,  l. ;
  spig., u. l.
■----, as if:  Spig., u. L.
Hazy: Arg. nit.,  cornea; aur.,  cornea; vitreous; aqueous ;
  cann. sat., cornea;  gels., vitreous; hep., cornea; kali b.,
  kali hyd.,  vitreous;  mere sol.,  prunus spin., vitreous;
  psor., vitreous; pilocarpine (?), vitreous.
Healing of an ulcer, like the :  Puis., int. cth.
Heat: Aeon., dry —;  apocy. can.,  l. e. ;  arg. nit., l. e. b. ;
  aur,,  violent —; bell,, calc. c, l. ; cann.  ind., canth., as
  from coals; cham.,  cyclam., duboisin,  graph., about  the
  l. —;  jaborandi, kali b., kreos.,  —; burning —; lil. tig.,
  l.  and  e. ;  mang. acet., mephit, mere sol.,  nat.  mur.,
  phos., puis., ranun. bulb., ruta, sep., margins;  sil., sulph.,
  tabae, thuja, much  — above and around e. ; verat alb.
Heavy-ness:  iEscul. hipp., agar.,  l. ;  arum tri., u. e. l. ;
  arg. nit., over  e. ;  atropia,  l. ;  bell.,  l. ;  bry.,  l. u. l. ;
  carb. v., as from  a weight;  caust., —; l. ; u. l. ;  como-
  cladia,  con., fluor. ac, above  e ;  gels, and graph., l. ; kali
  b., u. l., on awaking;  mere  peren., l.  ; nat. carb., u. l.;
  nat mur.,  l. ; nat. sulph., l., as  if leaden ; nux mos., l. ;
  podo.,  rhus t,  l. ;  sep., painful — u. l. ;  l. ;  spig., l. ;
  spong.,  pressing — l. ; sulph., sulph. ac, e. b. ;  l. ; verat.
   alb., l. ; verat  v.
Heavy look of e.  : Gels.
Heavy weight, as if on e. : Carb. v., con. 
REPERTORY.
189
Hemeralopia, (see "Vision, cannot see in the dark.")
Hemiopia, (see " Objects, only half seen.")
Haemorrhage : Arn., into ant. chamber; corrects tendency to
  sub-conjunetival —; bell., — in maculae ;  carb. v., cham.,
  crot.  hor.,  intra-ocular —; retinal  —,  especially non-
  inflammatory ;  hamam., hastens absorption ; —  into ant.
  chamber; lach., intra-ocular;  ledum, mere cor., nux v.,
  — in conj.; phos., favors absorption;  —indifferent layers
  of retina, or even into the vitreous; pilocarpine (?).
Herpes:  Nit. ae, pannus.
Hordeolae:  (see <<Styes.")
Hot: Aeon., l. ; arn., l. ; ars., calc.  c,  calc. ph., l. ; china,
  crot.  tig., duboisin, lye, mezer., nux v., as if — water in
  e. ; opium, phyto,, tarsal edges ; sep., ustil,, e.
H> drops retina?: Apis, relieved —,
Hyperaemia:  Aeon., conj.;  bell,  (choroid); bry.,  cact. gr.,
  retina and optic nerve ; (especially the fundus);  duboisin,
  fundus of e. ; chronic — palp. conj.;  retina;  gels., conj.;
  macrotin, conj.;  iris ;  choroid ;  and retina; due to pro-
  longed exertion of myopic or hypermetropic e. ; mere
  peren., opium,  conj. and margins; phos., retina; podo.,
  conj. ;  puis., choroid; optic nerve and retina.
Hyperaesthesia: Bell.,  retina; con.,—; retina; gels.,  ign.,
  retina;  lact. ae, nat. mur., nux v., zinc,  and  zinc,  ph.,
  retina.
Hypermetropia, or  over-sight:  Arg. nit.,  calc e,  caust.,
  duboisin, gels., lil. tig., phos.
Hypopion : Calc. hypoph., graph., hep., mere cor., mere nit.,
  mere  sol., plumb., after iritis; rhus t, sil., sulph., thuja.
Illusions, optical: Aeon., dark colors or black ; amm. e, in
  white or bright colors; anae, in dark colors; aur., bright 
190
REPERTORY.
  colors,  also  cina; hyos.,  small objects  seem very large;
  iod., bright colors ; stram., in colors, often dark ; less often
  blue or red.
Images retained, retinal: Nat. mur.
Immovable e. :  Opium,  sec.  cor.,  look as if —.
----l. :  Sec. cor.,  after erysipelas ; spig.,  u. l. as if —.
Inclination to rub or touch e. constantly:  Apis, caust.
Indistinct outline of disc : Duboisin,
Indurations : Calc. c, l. ; con., l. ; mere cor., l. ; mere oxyd.
  flav., slight —.
Infiltrated: Arg. nit., conj. occuli and palp.;  ipec, cornea as
  if — ; ocul. conj.; kali hyd., conj.; phyto., cellular tissue
  of orbit is very pronounced, — ; hard and unyielding to the
  touch ; spig., cornea;  around ulcers ; terebinth., into cellu-
  lar tissue of orbit.
Inflam-ed-mation :  Acet. ac, conj.; aeon.,  E. margins ; lach.
  sac.; catarrhal;  aethu. cy., margins; ail. gl., conj., toward
  ext cth.; agar., little appearance of —; alum, — conj.;
  amm. c, ant. e, —; l. ; cth.;  ant. t, apis, with dreadful
  pains shooting through e. ; — following eruptive diseases ;
  am., l. ;  E.;  conj.; ars., margins  ; conj.;  bapt, bary. c,
  scrofulous ;  bell., erysipelatous —; l.  ; optic nerve and
  retina ; borax, l. e. ; int. cth.;  r. ext. cth.; —from curved
  cilia, especially at ext. cth. ; bovis., l. ; bry., acute — of
  occul. and palp.  conj.; calc. c, superficial —; margins;
  conj.; cornea; scrofulous  ; calc iod., scrofulous ; e. and l. ;
  calad.,  cth.;  calend., traumatic —; caust, scrofulous;
  cham., superficial—; chin, sulph.,  optic nerve ;  cinnabar.,
  clem., sclera; iris, int. cth.; coccul., l. ;  colch., con., super-
  ficial—;  cornea; crot. tig., conj.  ; cup. alum, l.  ;  cup.
  met., dig., meibomian glands ; duboisin, optic nerve ; euph., 
REPERTORY.
191
  rheumatic,  almost blinding  him;  margins;  meibomian
  glands;  ferr.,  fluor. ac, as if —; gels., — of uveal tract;
  serous;  iris;  choroid  and ciliary body ; graph., very —
  margins ; l. l. ; int. cth. painful, red —; ext. cth ;  hamam.,
  less —;  —; hep., e., and l ; lach. sac. ; u. l ; acute  phleg-
  monous — l. ; ciliary body; ipec, —;  pustulous —  cornea
  and conj.;  kali b., — conj. much —; kali e, r. e. l.; kali
  hyd., sclera; lach. sac.; kreos., slight — meibomian glands;
  lye, magn. e,  magn.  m.;  mephit,  e. and l,  especially
  right side;  mere cor., —; scrofulous ;  l., which are red  as
  in erysipelas; mere, iod., glands ; mere prot., pustular —
  cornea and conj. ; mere sol., e. ; lach. sac.;  superficial —
  cornea  and conj., ulcerative;  phlyctenular;  catarrhal;
  interstitial  — of cornea; mezer., E.; l. ;  nat. carb., l. ;
  nat. mur., sclera; e.; nit. ac, nux v., paris  quad., petrol.,
  margins; phos., retina ; phyto., psor.,  l. ; r. e. ; old recur-
  rent pustular — of cornea and conj.;  severe forms  of —;
  — of uveal tract; puis., margins  l. l. ; sclera; most in
  cth.,  now  in one,  and now in  the other ; early stages  of
  acute phlegmonous dacryo-cystitis; glands of L.;  optic
  nerve and  retina; rhus t., ciliary  body and choroid; l.;
  rumex e, sang., glandular — l. ; sep., sil.,  e. ; lach. sac;
  sclera;  spig., l. ;  stram., sulph., cornea and conj.;  pustu-
  lar —;  — e. and l.; painful — ; syphil., chronic recurrent
  phlyctenular — cornea ; thuja, — sclera; cornea, softening
  of inner surface of l. ; valerian,  margins ; zinc, r. e. conj.;
  e, ; — more in int. cth.
Inflammation, chronic : Alum, l, ; camph., euph., dig., conj.;
  kali b., —,  indolent forms; rhus t, L.;  sulph., sulph. ac.
----, threatened:  Sulph., e. 
192
REPERTORY.
Injected :  Apis,  conj. full of dark  vessels;  Aur., sub. —
  conj. vessels; bell.,  conj.,  ocul. and  palp.;  camph.,  cann.
  ind.,  conj., both  e. extending from int.  cth. to cornea;
  crot. tig., ciliary;  euph., conj.; glon., hamam., ipec, ocul.
  conj.; kali b., ocul. and palp.  conj.; kali  hyd.,  vascular;
  ciliary;  mezer.,  ocul.  conj.  very  much —,  especially  in
  vicinity  of ext. cth.; ciliary ;  nux v., conj. painless  — of
  whites ;  opium, puis., conj.; sang., superficial — e. b. ; sec.
  cor.,  conj. ; sep., especially l. e. ; sil.,  conj.  and sclera;
  stram., terebinth., variable, deep ciliary; thuja, cornea.
Insects before e., as if swarms of: Caust.
Insufficiency of:  Cup. acet,  and rhodod., int. recti muscles.
Intense pain : Chin. mur.
Intermittent pain: Asaf., atropia, lasting perhaps  ten  min-
  utes  and disappearing for fifteen minutes ;  china,  chin.
  mur.
Inverted lids:  (see " Entropium.")
Irido-choroiditis: Asaf.,  bell., bry., gels., hep., kali iod.,  mere
  cor.,  dulc. and prot., rhus t, sil.
----cyclitis:  Prun. spin.
-----keratitis:  (see " Kerato-iritis.")
Irritable:  Jaborandi,  — ciliary  muscle; — weakness; nat
  mur., margins and then conj. ; sep., e.
Irritation of: Bell., con., physostigma, spig.  and  zinc, ph.,
  ciliary apparatus.
Iritis: Aeon., atropia, aur., bell., bry., calc.  hypoph., china,
  clem., con., gels., hep, kali b., nat. salicyl., nux v., rhus t,
  spig., in children ;  sulph.
----, parenchymatous:  Hep.
----, rheumatic: Arn., bry., euph., mere sol.,  rhus t, spig.,
  terebinth. 
REPERTORY.
193
Iritis, serous : Ars., gels.
----, suppurative :  Hep., rhus t
----, syphilitic :  Asaf, ars., aur., cinnabar, clem., kali b.,
  kali iod., mere  sol., mere cor., mere prot., nit. ac, petrol.,
  staph., sulph., thuja, zinc
----, traumatic ;   Aeon., arn., bell., calend., hamam., rhus t.
Itching:  Aeon., agar., int. cth.;  l. ;  e. brows; agn. cas., cor-
  rosive — over and  on e. brows, l., and below E.;  alum, at
  int. cth.; cth.;  l. ; ambra, — on l. as if a stye was forming;
  amm.  e, margins; ant. c, arg. met., violent — in cth ;
  arg. nit., especially in cth.; aur., int.  cth.: bary. c, calc e,
  L.;  E.; cth.; carb. v.,  about e. ; margins; caust,  e., es-
  pecially L.;  L.  l. and its inner surface; cepa, worse l. e. ;
  cinnabar, r.  e. ; croc,  u.  l. ; cup. met., euph., e. ;  l. ;
   margins; fluor. ae, cth.;  gambog,, int. cth.; e., violent
  —;  graph., int.  cth.;  L.;  kali b., l. ; kalmia,  kreos.,
   L.;  margins; lye,  e. ;  cth.;  mephit, mere cor., mezer.,
   margins; mur. ac, cth.; nat. mur.,  e. ;  int. cth.;  violent
  — l. int. cth.;  nat. sulph., margins; nux v., e. ;  margins ;
   petrol., l. ; phyto.,psor., l. ; cth.; puis., l. int. cth.; rhus t
   l. e. ;  ruta; int. cth.;  l. l. ; selen., margins; e, brows;
   sep., great — margins;  spig.,  R. e. b. ;  stann., int. cth.:
   staph., L. u.  margin;  sulph., e. brows; cth.;  margins;
   E. ; L.;  tellur., L.;  l.  u.  l.  the worst;  zinc,  hit cth.;
   violent —  l. e.
 Keratitis:  Apis, ars.,  bell, duboisin,  graph., ipec, kali iod.,
   kreos.; nux v.,  mere cor., mere nit., mere sol.
 ----, catarrhal:  Euph.
 ____, interstitial: Aur., bary. iod., calc. c. cann. ind., mere
        12 
194
REPERTORY.
Keratitis, parenchymatous: Apis, ars., aur., bary. iod., calc.
  ph., cann. ind., cinnabar, hep., kali mur., mere sol., sep.,
  sulph.
----, phlyctenular: Bary. iod., lach., puis., sep.
----, pustular: Apis, cann. ind,, crot. tig., sil.
----, suppurative : Eserine, rhus t.
----, traumatic: Aeon., arn., hamam.
----, with  ulcers:  Apis,  arg. nit,  asaf., hep., kali b., mere
  prot., sil., thuja.
----, with superficial ulcers :  Bell., canth., con., cundurango,
  euph.
Kerato-iritis:  Arg.  nit,  ars., asaf., aur., ciiinab., clem., hep.,
  mere cor., mere sol.,  sulph.
Kopiopia  hysterica: Act.  rac,  badiago,  ledum,  galvanism,
  lil. tig., nat. mur., sep.
Knife cutting, like  a:  Spig., margin l. l. l. ;  sulph., r. e.
Knives sticking, like:  Lach., spig.,  through e. b.
Lachrymation: Acet. ae, aeon., profuse; aescul. hipp., alum,,
  ambra, amm. e and  m., ant. e and t, much; apis, pro-
  fuse ; arg. nit, ars., arum tri., in  e., all  day, most at ext.
  cth.; asar.  eup.,  aur.,  constant; bapt, slight;  bell., berb.,
  closing the E.; brom. and bry., r. e. ; frequent; calc c,
  camph., cann.  ind., canth., caps,, caulo., profuse; caust.,
  even in warm room ; cepa, profuse, bland; especially l. e. ;
  cham.,  chelid., looking at bright spot;  profuse; china,
  chin, sulph., cinnabar.,  clem., colch.,  colocy., profuse;
  con.,  crot.  tig.,  copious; dig., eup. purp.,  during fever;
  euph., increased ; ferr., fluor.  ae, increased ; gels., graph.,
  much ;  chronic ;  hep., profuse ; also hydras.; hyos., it. e. ;
  ign., ipec,  opening r. l. ;  great  gush of —;  iris v., kali 
REPERTORY.
195
  b., kali  c,  kali iod., kobalt.,  kreos., profuse; lachnan.,
  violent;  ledum, lil. tig., e. full of  tears ;  magn. c, pro-
  fuse; magn.  m., mere  iod., mere  sol., profuse; mezer.,
  millefol., nat. mur., nitrum, nux v., oleander, petrol., phy-
  to., abundant;  plumb., psor., puis., ranun. bulb, and seel.,
  rhus t,  profuse;  of long standing, with  no  apparent
  stricture of lach, duct; ruta, profuse ;  e. becomes full of
  tears and runs  1-i hours;  sabad., sang., copious; senega,
  sep.,  sil., spig., profuse, with  or without  pain; spong.,
  stann., staph., constant;  sulph., syphil., terebinth., tellur.,
  thuja, ustilago,  profuse ; verat. alb.,  zinc
Lachrymation, acrid : Alum., apis, ars,, aur., calc. iod., con.,
  euph., ign., kreos., like salt water ; ledum, makes l. l. sore ;
  lye, martini v., mere, cor.,  mere, sol, nat. mur.,  nat. sulph.,
  nit.  ac, rhus t, sang., sil, spig., staph.,  l. e. ; zinc.
----, absent:  Alum., — predominates; bell., duboisia.
----, constantly  coming into the e., feeling as if:  Croc,
  lil. tig.
----, excoriating  : Ars., nat. mur., cth.;  l.
----, not excoriating:  Apis,  arg. nit.,  cepa.
----, hot:  (see Lachrymation, acrid).
----, irritating: Nit ac.
----, scalding: (see Lachrymation, acrid).
----, spirts out of e. :  Apis, ipec, rhus t
----, suppressed :  Sec. cor.
Lameness:  Bapt.
Lancinating pain: Apis, graph.
Large, e.  feels  too:  Calad.,  comocladia  —;  r.  e. ; mezer,,
  nat. mur., e. b.  ; opium, for the orbits; paris quad., phos.
  no., phyto., plumb., rhus t, l. e, ; spig., sulph., thuja.
Lasts a short time, pain: Ferr., l. eyebrow. 
196
REPERTORY.
Lax:  Spig., l.
Letters seem blurred:  Mephit, ox. ac.
---------double:  Graph., when writing.
---------gray:  Sep.
---------pale: China, sil.
---------red:  Phos., when reading.
---------smaller: Glon.
Letters seem  to disappear: Cicut. v., jaborandi, at two feet,
  are indistinct.
---------------go down:  Cicut. vir.
--------------------up:  Cicut.  vir.
----, colors of rainbow around them :  Cicut. vir.
----run together  while  reading: Arg. nit, bry.,  calc. e,
  camph., cann. ind,,  dros., ferr., graph.,  kobalt,  mephit,
  mere  peren., nat. mur., ruta, senega, sil., and appear pale.
----, surrounded with: China, — white borders.
Lids open and shut, in quick succession: Agar,
Lift l., can scarcely:  (see Raise the Lids, etc.).
Light, aversion to : Aeon.,  ail.  gl., amm.  e, anac, ant. c,
  apis, arg.  nit, arum tri.,  bapt.,  bary.  e, con., without
  inflammation;  eup.  pert,  graph., hep.,  kali e, mere sol,
  even in a  dark room;  nitrum, nux. v.,  phos.  ac, psor.,
  samb. nig., stann., sulph.
----, dazzles: Aeon., graph., lith. carb., phos. ac.
----, seems dimmer:  Croc.
----, insensible to: Arg. met., bell., hell., lye.
----, sensitiveness to:  Apis,  arn., calc. ph., cann. ind., r. e. ;
  e. ;  cepa, l. e. especially;  chin, sulph., cicut.  vir., clem.,
  euph., gels.,  ign., lach., lil. tig., lith. carb.,  lye, mere
  peren., nat. sulph., nit ae, puis., sep., sulph.. therid. cur,,
  zinc. 
repertory.
197
Livid :  Nit. ac, l. ;  verat. alb., l. ;  margins.
Look, anxious: xUoe.
----, dazed :  See cor.
----, disturbed :  Hyper.
----, fixed : Sec cor.
----, lifeless: Kreos.
----, staring: Nux mos.. phos. ac.
----, startled: Ail. gl., when aroused.
----, unsteady:  Aloe.
----, vacant: Hell., mezer.
----, as after weeping: Marum v.
----, wild :  Sec  cor.
Looked too long,  as if  one had : Ruta.
Looking at moving objects: Jaborandi, — nausea.
----------a spot for some time: Lachnan., sees grey rings;
  — it becomes dark; cicut. vir., — and. cannot help it.
Loss of power: Alum, u. l. ; int. rect mus.
Lump  in e., feeling as of a: Sulph. ac, R. ext. cth., on clos-
  ing e. seems to move to int. cth., and return on opening.
Lustre, without:  Bovis., carb. v., cup. met., stann., verat. alb.
Maculae:  Calc c, cornea; nat. sulph., locally.
Malignant ulcers:  Phyto.,  L.;  — as  lupus;  epithelioma*
  have been ameliorated.
Matter in e. :  Sulph.
Mechanical hindrance, sensation of: China.
Membrane, false  : Acet. ae, — is dense, yellow-white, tough,
  and  so closely adherent that  removal is almost impossible;
  kali b., — is loosely attached, easily rolled up, and separ-
  ated in shreds  or strings.
Moist:  Ant. e, l. 
198                    REPERTORY.
Motes before e. :  Nux mos.
Motion of e. b. :  Bell, and iod.. — constant; phyto., — im
  paired or lost entirely.
---------one e. independent of the other: Phyto.
Move from side to side :  Cup. met, e. b. ; gels., e. — later-
  ally when using them.
Mucus in e. : Ant. e, in cth.; arg. nit, —; must constantly
  wipe —  away; bism., thickened — cth.;  hep.,  hardened
  — ext cth.; nat. mur., sang.
----hanging before e. :  Puis.
----on lashes :  Graph., dry —.
Muscae volitantes :  (see "Opacities of the Vitreous.")
Mydriasis:  (see "Pupil does not react to light.*')
Myopia: Agar., anac, carb. v., con., graph., hyos., obliged to
  hold book nearer than usual;  mang, acet, nit, ae, phos.,
  rapidly increasing — has been checked by it;  phos. ae,
  sulph.
Nail were driven in, as if a: Thuja, l. frontal eminence.
Narrowing of space between e.l. :  Agar.
Near-sight:  (see "Myopia.")
Needles going through e., pain as from : Bry., — and head ;
  caust., eup. pert, mephit
Neuralgia: Act. rac. and amyl nit., ciliary; arg. nit., infra-
  orbital ;  arn., asaf. and atropia, ciliary ; commencing under
   l.  e.  and running back  to ear;  bell., especially infra-
   orbital;  ciliary;  bry.  and cact.  gr.,  ciliary;  carb.  ae,
   supra-orbital —; over r.  e. ; cedron, chiefly supra-orbital;
   chain,, ciliary; chelid., above R. e.,  e. brows and temples;
   with profuse  tears; chin. mur. and chin,  sulph., infra-
   and supra-orbital; cinnabar,  galvanism, ign., mere sol., 
REPERTORY.
199
   mezer., (especially after operations on the E.); nat  mur.,
   (pain above the R. e., coming and going off with the sun);
   nat. salicyl., plant,  maj., prun. spin., rhodod., sang., (in
   and over r. e.) ;  sil., spig. and terebinth., ciliary; zinc.
Nictitation :  Agar.,  alum., dependent on enlarged papillae of
   conj.; ign., morbid  —;  nux v., (see Spasmodic motion,
   etc.).
Nodosities:  Staph., e. l., one after another;  — results of
   styes.
Numb pain: Sep., int. cth.
Nyctalopia:  (see "Vision, blindness during day.")
Xystagnuis:  Agar.,  bell.,  cicuta, hyos., ign., jaborandi, phy-
   sostigma.
Objects appear too bright : Camph.
---------divided  horizontally :  Aur. met., dig.
--------------perpendicularly:  Calc. c, caust., lith. carb.,
   right half invisible, also lye ;  each e. ; worst r. e.
---------black:  Caps., cicut. vir., kalniia, phos., psor.
---------to become confused, looking at them: Nat. mur.,
   physostigma.
---------covered with  :  Nat mur., a thin veil;  phos., a
   gray veil.
----■----to dance :  Glon., with every pulsation.
—■-------very distant:  Nux mos., ox. ae, sulph.
---------■ to have a fiery look:  Nat. mur., nitrum.
---------green :  Cyclam., dig.
---------hazy : Jaborandi, at a distance.
--------inverted : Bell.
--------larger than natural:  iEtlm. cy., hyos., —; —
   with one e. ;  lauroc, nat mur., looking down, rather than
   forward; nux.  mos., ox. ac. 
200
REPERTORY.
Objects appear mixed : Physostigma.
--------too near: Bovis., hyos.
--------to come nearer: Cicut. vir.
--------rain-bow colored :  Bry., con., nitrum, phos. ac.
--------to recede: Cicut. vir.
--------red :  Bell., con.
--------to revolve : Bell., — and run backward.
--------run together:  Calc c.
--------shaded ; Senega.
--------smaller than natural:  Hyos., — with one e. ;
   mere cor., plat.
--------striped :  Con.
——----to tremble :  Psor.,  for a few moments.
------------vanish : Nux mos.
--------yellow :  Alum., canth., cyclam., dig., kali b.
--------with zigzag appearance around them :  Nat. mur.
 ---, see only one-half  of them : Aur. met., upper half of
   field  of vision appears covered with a black body;  glon.,
   half light and  half dark; lith. carb., left half;  lob. inf.,
   lye, left,  distinctly; mur. ae, nat,  mur.,  sep., the other
   half is obscured.
 (Edematous :  Aeon., conj.  mostly near int. cth.; Apis, l.
   with bag-like swelling under e. ; conj.; non-inflammatory;
   arg. nit.,  l. ; arn., l. ;  ars., first the u. l. then  l. l. ; non-
   inflammatory; duboisin, l. slightly; graph., iod., l. ; kali
   b., kali e, kali, hyd., mere cor., l. ;  phyto., l. ; rhus t., l.
 Old, e. suddenly become : Lach.
 Onyx:  Merc, sol.
 Opacities, corneal: Apis, arg. nit, aur. met., biwy. e, calc. e,
   chelid., colch., crot.  tig., cup. alum, locally;   euph., hep.,
   hydras., kali b., mere, — around ulcers;  sil., sulph. 
REPERTORY.
201
Opacities of vitreous humor: Lye, mere prot,  prun. spin.,
  senega.
Open and  close in quick  succession:  (see "Lids open and
  close," etc.).
Open, e. : Hyos., spig., sees a sea of fire ; stram,
----, e. half:  Colch., samb. nig., in sleep;  also stram.
Open l,,  cannot:  Alum, amm.  e,  even though  awake;
  coccul., gels., graph., hyos., lye, even on rubbing, in morn-
  ing ;  mere peren., on waking at night; petrol., psor., lies
  on its face; samb. nig., sec. cor., after facial erysipelas.
----difficult to :  Ambra, arg. nit, atropine, canst, chelid.,
  ferr., gels., hep., kali b., on  waking ; kobalt, as if strings
   held  l. together and snapping; mere peren., on wakhig at
   night; mere sol., nat. carb., nit. ac.
----, can  scarcely: Psor., mere cor., spig.
-----,---------keep them :  Cinnabar.
Opened by force, as if: Fluor, ae, l.
Oppression: Crot.  hor., above e.
Ophthalmia:  Arg. nit., intense pain ;  aur., bapt, bell., R. e. ;
   cup., cup.  sulph. and  sulph., chronic—;  plumb., psor.,
   sarsap.
----, catarrhal: Ars., euph., phyto.,  sang., senega.
----, gonorrhoeal:  Aeon., nit. ae, puis.
  ---, neonatorum:  Apis, ars,, calc. c, cham., euph., mere
   cor.,  mere  precip., mere sol., nux v., puis., rhus t, sulph.,
   zinc.
—■—, purulent: Calc. e, cham., euph., hep., mere sol.,  puis.
——, pustular: Ipec, mere dulc,  mere sol.
----, rheumatic:  Graph., puis., spig., staph., verat.  alb.
----, scrofulous:  Ant. e. ant. t, aethu.  cy., ars.,  bell.,  calc 
202
REPERTORY.
  c, chain., dulc,  euph., graph., hep.,  hydras., mere cor.,
  mere dulc, mere  precip. rub., petrol., podo., puis., rhus
  rad., sulph., tellur., l. u. l. worst.
----, syphilitic :  Phyto.
Oscillation of e. b. : (see "Nystagmus.")
Oversensitive: Spig.,  retina.
Pain : Aeon., pressive ;  shooting ; tearing; violent; intense ;
  act. rac, intense — e. b. ;  severe  in center of e.  b. ; over
  E.; over l. e. ;  as if pain between e.  b. and  orbital plate
  of frontal bone;  aloe, deep in orbits, as  if  in muscles;
  worse on r. side;  alum, — as if e. had been  closed too
  firmly; l. int.  cth.;  ant t, e. b. ; apis, shocking, over  r.
  e. extending down to e. b. ; stinging ;  arg. nit., e. b, ; pain
  through e. like darts ; arn., u. l. margins ;  ars., sub-orbital
  — l.  side ; r. e, b. ;  margins ; asaf., throbbing — in and
  around  e.  and  head;  aur. met.,  from within outward;
  around  e. ;  badiago, e.  b., —extends to temples;  bell.,
  optic nerve; deep-seated — in back of e. ;  severe in orbits ;
  bry., deep in r. orbit; calc. ph., e. b.  as if beaten;  carb.
  ae, slight — over r. e. brow; carb. v., muscles of one e.;
  caust, cedron, — across  e. from temple  to temple;  cepa,
  thread-like — over  r. e.  toward root of nose;  or  from
  cheek toward e. ;  chelid.,  e. b. ; cinnabar,  from l. int.
  cth., across e. brow;  from r. lach. duct, around the  e. to
  temple; clem.,  colocy., comocladia, r. e., severe;  croc, e.
  to vertex;  crot.  tig., violent;  in and around e. ; supra-
  ciliary;  cundurango,  duboisin,  e. b.,  just beneath brow;
  euph., in e.  and abdomen alternating;  gels.,  above e. ;
  hamam., — under the slightest pressure;  hep., severe in
  bright day-light; ign., extends from head to l.'e. ;  under 
REPERTORY.
203
  u. l. ;  jaborandi, kali e, deep in u.;  kali iod., intense ;
  kalmia, kobalt, lach., in  and above  e. or near; ledum,
  severe ;  lil. tig., intense;  extends back hito head ;  sharp
  over  e. ; lith. carb., over e., sore —;  lye, troublesome—,
  if e. gets dry; mephit., mere cor., severe in and around
  e. ;  mere nit., mere peren,, mere prot., mere sol., severe
  in and around e. ;  nat. mur., over the R. int. rect mus.;
  nat. salicyl,  severe in and around e. ;  nit. ac, region of
  e. ; nux v., severe ;  margins; int. cth.;  cth.;  e. brows;
  ox. ac, in both orbits, worse in left;  phos., dull —, deep
  in e. ;  phyto.,  circumorbital, not severe;  physostigma,
  primus spin,,  r. e, b. ;  as if inner  portion of  e.  would  be
  torn out; psor., so she can scarcely open e. ; over e. brows;
  ranun. bulb.,  k. e. b. ;  ranun. scel.,E, b. ; rhus  t, in and
  around e, ;  rumex,  ruta,  slight, r. e. ;  sang., over e. ;  in
  e. ;  locally;  sarsap., sec. cor.; sep.,  l. ;  sil., spig., u. l. ;
  superciliary ridge and around e. ; sulph., l. ;  e. r. ; violent,
  l. e.  ; syphil., terebinth.,  severe, excessive  and always pres-
  ent ;  as if it would almost drive the patient crazy; in, over
  and around e, through to occiput, or corresponding side
  of head, following supra-orbital nerve;  thuja, severe; l.
  frontal eminence;  zinc.
Pain, coming  and going: Bry.
Painless: Apis,  affections — at first  generally.
Painful sensation :  Calc. os., mang. acet
Pannus :  Aeon., acute aggravations; alum exsic,  arg. nit.,
  aur.,  calc. e,  cann.  sat.,  carb. ae, locally;  caust.,  chin.
  mur., cup.,  cup. sulph., euph., hep.,  if tending to ulcera-
  tion ; kali b.,  kali e, always worse after seminal emissions;
  mere  peren., mere  prot, with ulceration;  mere iod., 
204
REPERTORY.
       mere precip. rub.,  chronic;  nat  mur.,  nit. ac nux v.,
       petrol., rhus t, sep., sulph., —;  herpetic
     Paralysis: Aeon.,  ciliary mus.;  arn., traumatic;  muscles;
       aur., muscles; bovis., optic nerve ; caust., u. l., muscles;
       con., external muscles, partial — : great reflex irritability ;
       cup. acet, l. nervus  abducens;  dulc, u. l. ;  euph.,  gal-
       vanism and gels., muscles ; gels., nerves;  condition is one
       of stolid indifference to external irritants; —  following
       diphtheria; kali iod., muscles;   mere prot., oculo-motor
       nerve; nit. ac, u. L.; nux v., muscles;   paris quad., iris
       and ciliary muscle;  plumb., u. l. ; rhus t, muscles; sang.,
       sec. cor.,  u.  l. ;  senega,  muscles; spig.,  l. ;   sulph.,  R.
       nervus abducens ;  verat vir., l.
     ----, as if:   Alum,  u.  l., especially l.  l.,  mere peren., l. ;
       opium, l. ; rhus t, l. ; ziue, u.  l.
si   Paroxysms of: Sil., pain ; therid.  cur., flickerings before e.
     Periodical:  Ars.,  commencing every fall;  asaf.,  burning;
       cact.  gr.,  weakness of sight; chain., china, chin, mur.,
       chin, sulph., nat. mur., pain coming  and going with the
       sun;  prun. spin., pain; rhodod., dry burning in e.
     Periostitis:  Kali iod., of orbit.
     Photophobia: (see also, " Light, aversion of"): Aeon., aethu.
       cy., chronic;  alum,  ant.  e, morning;  ant. t, apis, ars.,
       aur.,  bell., intense;  bry.,  calc.  e,  calc  iod., great;  calc
       ph., well-marked;  caust.,  calend., little or no —;  cham.,
       cinnabar, china, con., excessive ;  crot  tig., intense ;  cundu-
       rango,  duboisin,  not  severe;   euph., must remain  in
       darkened  room;  gambog., gels.,  glon.,  graph.,  usually
       more for  gas-light;  hep.,  intense;  hell.,  without inflam-
       mation;  ipec,  great;  kali b., only by daylight;  kali e, 
REPERTORY.
206
  kali iod., variable; lach., marked; ledum, lye,  macrotin,
  mere cor., mere dale, mere prot. and mere sol., generally
  excessive; mere nit,  mere precip. rub., usually great;
  nat carb., shocks the e. ;  nat mur., marked; nat sulph.,
  nux v., excessive; phyto., plumb.,  psor., rhus  t., great;
  sec. cor., sil, long-lasting;  spig., sulph., great;  syphil.,
  intense; terebinth., thuja, verat. alb., verat. vir., zinc.
Phlyctenular:  Bary. e, calc. e,  calend., cann.  ind., euph.,
  ipec, mere cor., puis.,  sulph.,  syphil.,recurrent; thuja.
Piercing pain :  Millet, — inward ; prun. spin., (see "sharp
  pain") ;  sil., sudden in l. e.
Pimples :  Alum, l. ; mere  cor., around e.  like small boils;
  sulph.,  inflamed — above L. e. brow;  u.  l. ;  thuja, mar-
  gin L. L.
Pins sticking in e., as if:  Sulph.
Points flying before e : Amm. m.
Polypi: Kali b., int. and  ext.;  staph., conj.
Presbyopia:  Arg.  nit, bell., calc. e, dros., hyos., spig.
Press  l. together, inclination to:  Ant.  t,  tightly;  asaf.,
  chelid., con., croc, sat,  from time to time; euph.
Pressed asunder, as if : Asar. eup., each e. ; prun. spin.
Pressed down,  l. :   Chelid., l.  u. l. ;  con,, ferr., hell., as if
  —; spig., u. l.
Press-ure-ing: Aeon., u. l. ; agar., l. e. b. ; e. b. ; alum, ambra,
  anac, on e.  b. ; apis, lower part e. b.;  arn., (l.) e. brow;
  asaf., external  border  l.  orbit; aur.,  bary e, deep; bell.,
  — head; berb.,  bism., r. e. b., from below backward, and
  from below  upward; calc  c, caust., cham.,  violent  in
  orbital region ;  china,  colch.,  cth.; colocy., painful — e.
  b. ; con.,  crot.  hor.,  above  e. ;  cyclam.,  l. ; euph., — ; 
•306
repertory.
   cutting — ;  stitching —  ;  graph., l. ;  hep.,  kali  b.,
   kali e, kalmia,  r. e. ; also  above R. e. ;  lach., lob, inf.,
   upper half of e. b. ;  mang. acet.,  mere sol., mezer., mil
   let, — to  root  of  nose, and  side  of head; nat. mur., r.
   e. ; e. ; nat. sulph., nit. ae, nux v.,  u. l. ; phos. ae, ranun.
   bulb.,  ranun. seel.,  painful — e.  b. ;  sep., R. e. ;  e. ;  spig.
Pressing outward:  Aeon., asat, ulcer of cornea; aur., cann.
   sat., comocladia, hamam., ledum, nat mur., one e. ; nux
   v., phyto.,  e. b. ; spig., e. b. ; thuja.
Pressive pain: Aur., r. e. b.  or in  orbit from above down-
   ward; bry., above l. e. ; sensitive — l. e. b.; caps., caust,
   chelid., over l.   e., which seems  to press  down  u. l. ;
   colocy., E.  b. ; cup. met., ferr.,  as  if e. would  protrude-,
   worse  r. e. ; glon., graph., hep., e.  b. ; lachnan., l.  e. b.
   from below upward; lye, mezer.,  most in l. e. ; above l.
   e. ;  nat. mur., above  e. brows ; nux v., psor., puis.,  int
   cth.;  l. e. ;  e. ;  ranun. bulb., e. b. ; sometimes one,  and
   sometimes  the other; rhus t., l.  l.  l. ;  e. ; spig., intol-
   erable in e. b. ;  stann., int.  cth.;  zinc, int. cth., root of
   nose and supra-orbital region:
Pressure arove e. : Kali e, ruta.
----around---- : Phyto:
----behind---- :  Caulophy., fluor.  ae, as if — r. e. b.
----from above downward : Spig.,  l. orbit.
----, dry: Euph:
----, inward :  Aur.
■----, lessened,  intraocular: Atropia  and eserine, locally.
----, on the:  Aeon., e.  b.  ; alum,  e. ; e.  ij. ; ambra, e. ;
   amm, e, e. l. ;  anac, like from  a  plug, on  u. margin of
   orbit;  chelid., u. l. ; comocladia,  on top of e.  b.  mov- 
REPERTORY.
207
hig them downward and outward;  ruta, inner  surface of
l. e. ;  sabad., e.  b. ;  zinc, margin, l. l. l., near int cth.
   under:  Spig., l.
Pricking pain:  Ars., l.  side,  sub-orbital;  aur., kali b., most
  in l. e.
Prickling in e :  Rhus t, and l. ;  sep.,  sulph.
Prevents: Hep., — formation of  pus.
Prominent: Bell., e. b.
Protruding: Aeon.,  aethu. cy., amyl. nit,  ars., aur.,  e. b.;
  bell, canth.,  coccul.,  comocladia, R.  e. ; glon., guaiac,
  hep., in croup; hyos., — R. e. ; iod., kreos., opium, paris
  quad., spong., stram., verat. alb.
Pterygium:  Arg. nit, cann.  sat  (?), chimaphilla, nux mos.
  ratanhia, tellur., zinc.
Ptosis: Con,  geh., rhus t, spig, stann, from  sympathetic
  paralysis, the disease returned every Tuesday.
Puffiness :  Apis, conj.; bell,  l. ; bry, r. u. l. ; kali b,  sclera;
  marum v., rhus t, l.; sulph. l.
Puffed out: Lye, l. with pus.
Pulled back hito head,  as if: Hep,^am quad.
____. tight over e, as if something were: Phos.
Pulsations: Ars., cina, superciliary muscles; Rheum.
Pus: Mere sol,  between corneal layers;  ranun. bulb, in
   cth.
 Pushed into the orbit, as if:  Aeon.
 Pustules: Ant c, cornea or conj.; margins;  arg. m, margins;
   calc. iod, particularly on cornea;  cham,  cornea; con, cor-
   nea ; crot. tig, cornea and conj.;  l. ; euph, cornea; conj.;
   graph, cornea, reddish appearance, with white halo around ;
   conj.; hep,  conj.; if cornea is  involved; kali b, small 
208
REPERTORY.
  white — in conj.; l. ; cornea with surrounding indolent
  inflammation; kali iod, conj.;  cornea;  no photophobia,
  pain or redness ; lye, toward int, cth. more ; mere cor, mar-
  gins; on cheeks and parts around orbits; mere nit, cornea;
  mezer, conj.; nat. mur. and nux v., cornea; psor, cornea
  and conj.; jmls. and rhus t, conj.;  sep., cornea; conj. of l.
  e. ; ciliary border; sil, stann, swelling l. int. cth.; sulph.,
  margin ;  inflammatory, cornea and conj.
Pupils contracted :  Aeon, anac, then  dilated; arg.  met, l. e, ;
  arn, — first twenty-four hours, then dilated;  ars, aur,
  most  frequently; bary. acet, quick succession of —- and
  dilatation; bell., calc. c,  camph, cann. sat,  cicut vir.,
  —  at  first, afterward dilated, in  spasmodic  affections;
  coccul, —  during spasm; dros, — at first, afterward
  dilated; euph, much —; ferr,  glon., graph, hell, hyos,
  — after  spasm ; jaborandi, mang. acet,  much  —-  ;  mere
  cor, mur. ac, nat. mur, nux mos, opium, phos,  physos-
  tigma, phyto,  plumb, rheum,  — later;  squilla, stann,
  terebinth, verat. alb, zinc.
----, contractility diminished :  Chelid, colch.
----dilated:  Aeon, first contracted  ; Act. rac, aescul.  hipp.,
  contract slowly; aethu. cy, agar,  agn. cas, ail. gl, anac,
  arn, first contracted; ars, bary. acet,  (see " contracted ") ;
  bell, brom, calc. c,  much — ;  camph,  cann.  sat,  cicut.
  vir, in concussion of brain; caust, china, chin, sulph,
  cina,   cocul, after  spasm;   coffea,  colch,  much  __ ;
  slightly — ; con,  croc, sat,  cyclam.,  dig,  dros, con-
  tracted first, afterward —  ; gels,   glon,  guaiac, hell,
  hyos,  —;  during spasm; hyper,  iod, ipec, lachnan,
  lauroc, ledum,  mang. acet,  much — ;  mere  peren, nit 
repertory.                   209
  ac, nux mos, nux v, opium, physostigma,  locally;  when
  dependent on loss of power of oculo-motor nerve ; rheum,
  rhodod., sang.,  sec. cor, generally;  sometimes unequally;
  spig, stram, verat. alb, verat. vir.
----dilate and contract alternately:  Bary. acet, cann. sat..
  in the same light; hell.
----immovable :  Camph, colch, lauroc, mix mos, opium,
  stram.
----irregular : Bary. acet, graph.
----do not react to light:  Arn, bell, carb. v., china, cicut
  v, mere cor, opium, rhus t, strain.
----sluggish : Ail. gl, chelid, china,  con, dig.
----unequal:  Sec. cor.
Quivering: Arum tri, l. u. l.; bell, r. u. l. ;  berb, l. ; calc.
  c, u. L.;  camph, u. l. ;  glon, hyos.
----before  e. ; Dros.
Racking pain: Kali e
Radiating pain : Spig, from e. into the head.
Rainbow colors, appearance of: Bry.
Raise  e. easily,  as  if he  could  not: Caust, con.,  mere
  peren, mere prot, nit. ac. and spig, u. l,  rhus. t,  verat
  alb.
----■----with the hand, must:  Spig.
Raw:  Arg. met, l, clem, corners of l. ; mere sol, l. ; phyto,
  as if  margins;  sep, margins.
----flesh, feel like : Canth, margins.
---------, looks like : Lye, conj.
Read, cannot: Bary.  c, calc. ph, caust, without glasses;
  kali c, by the light; mephit, fine print;  nat  carb, small
  print; nit. ae, by twilight, as long as usual.
       13 
210
REPERTORY.
Reads with difficulty: Agar, carb. v, must make exertion to
  distinguish the letters; nux mos, lach,. senega.
Red :  Acet. ac, l. ;  aeon., e. ; vessels deep —; l. ; margins ;
  especially u. l. ;  agar, int. cth.;  alum, conj, worse r. ;
  amyl nit, conj.;  ant.  e,—;  l. l. ; l. ; apis, l, dark — ;
  conj.;  apocy.  can, l. e. ; arg. met, l. ;  arg. nit, —;
  margins ; conj. near int. cth.;  — as blood; ars., margins,
  very —;  extreme  — of int. surface  of l. ; aur,  sclera;
  l. ;  bapt, bary. c, conj.; bell, e. b. ; l. ; berb, conj.;
  calc c, l. ; conj.;  calc. ph, calc. iod, l. ;  calend, conj.; •
  caps, caust, l. ;  cepa, worse l. e. ; cham, chelid, conj.;
  as far cornea;  l. ;  L. l. ;  china,  cinnabar,  coffea, con,
  very slight —;  crot.  tig, cundurango, cup. met,  —;  e.
  b. ; dig, yellowish — conj. palp.;  duboisin, disc ;   bright
  —  conj. palp.; eup. pert, margins ;  euph, margins; l. ;
  ferr, l. ; glon,  graph., l. ;  pale— color;  sclera; l. ;
  hamam, conj.;  hell, e. b. ; hep.,  u. l. ;  sclera;  cornea ;
  conj.;  hyos,  ipec, conj. ;  iris v,  conj, as from a  cold;
  kali b, —; conj. traversed by large vessels ;  l. ; conj. oc.
  and palp.; kali c, l. ; margins  wTorst;  sclera;   kreos,
  conj.;  lach,  lye, l. ;  r. e. ;  magn. e, magn.  m, sclera;
  marum v.,  conj.;  u.  l. ;  mephit, conj.;  mere cor,  l. ;
  conj. ocul. and palp.;  mere dulc, mere prot, mere oxyd.
  flav, mere sol, variable;  u.  l. ;  mur. ac, l. ; nat. mur.,
  margins; cth.;  sclera; nux v, cth. ;   opium, paris quad,
  margins; phyto.,—-blue l. ; plumb,  whole E. b. ; bluish-
  — sclera; podo, conj.; ranun. bulb, l. and conj, rhus t,
   conj.; —;  sabad, margins; sang, e.  ; conj.; sep, sclera,
   l. ; sil, first around e. then in sclera;  spig, sclera; spong,
   staph, conj,; stram, sulph, l. ;  conj.;  intense — e.; 
REPERTORY.
211
   syphil,  terebinth, dark —;  thuja, sclera; zinc,  r. e. ;
   conj.;  u. L. toward int. cth.;  — after  pustular keratitis
   without any discharge.
 Iicddish-blue :  Phyto, l, worse l. e. l.
 Relaxed:  Arn, corrects  — blood-vessels;  rhus t, l.
 Rending pain : Hyos, in angles of e.
 Retino-choroditis :  Arg.  nit, aur, exudative — ;  gels, kali
   mur, nux v, phos, prun. spin, sulph.
 Retinitis:  Ars, albuminous; asaf, dubosin, gels, albumin-
   ous ;  kalmia (?), lach, apoplectica;  mer. cor, albumin-
   ous ;  haemorrhagic;   apoplectica;  phos, albuminous;
   apoplectica; sec. cor, diabetic; spig,  sulph, zinc,  acute
   albuminous.
 Retracted, as if into orbit:  Bry.
 Revolve, e. seems to:  Ustilago, — in circles.
 Rheumatic inflammation : Euph, almost blinding him.
 Rings, before e. :  Carb. v.
 ----, blue around e.  : Canth, oup. met.
 ■----,----■-----— cornea:  Spig.
 ----, green before e. : Zinc.
 ----, grey-----:  Lach, lachnan, looking intensely.
 ----of various colors-----: Phos.
 ----■, yellow-----: Aloe.
 Rolling E.:  Apis,  coccul, constantly — E.  about;  glon,
   outward and upward ;  hyos, — about in orbits; strain,
   verat. vir.
Rotate : Cup. met.^E. B, quickly, with l.  closed.
 Rotated, as if spasmodically: Sec. cor.
 Rough feeling in  e. :  Ail. gl, l. e. ; kali b, tarsi; sep. 
212
REPERTORY.
Rub the e, desire to:  Apis, graph, kali b, also l. ;  mezer.,
  nat. mur, puis., sulph.
Rubbing on e. b, sensation of:  Ars, sulph.
Sac over the E, as a:  Apis, u. l.
Sand in e, feeling of:  Aeon, apocy. c, ars, aur, bell, berb,
  cann. sat, caust., china,  euph,  fluor ac, hep, ign, kali b,
  kali c, kobalt, le lum, lith. carb, nat. mur., phyto, psor.,
  puis, sep, sil, sulph, thuja, zinc, zingiber.
Salt, feeling as from:  Canth, nux v, sulph.
Scabs on :  Nat, mur, margins.
Scalding :  Bry, in cth,; phyto, feeling of —, margins.
Scale on e. like a: Kali b.
Scales on:  Sep.,  margins.
Scleritis:  Bry, cinnabar,  colch., pain  as in  —;  kalmia,
  thuja.
Sclero-choroditis: Kalmia, primus spin., sil, spig, thuja.
Scratch the e, must:  Puis., sulph.
Scratching sensation:  Sep.
Scurfs:  Alum, l. ; graph., margins, covered with; sep, dry
  — on l, on waking.
See anything on the table, cannot: Lye, evening.
Sensitive:  Aeon., l. ;  e. ; upper half  of e. ; agar,  e. b. ;
  apis, l,  very —; arg. nit, e. b. ; aur, bell, borax, brom,
  cann. ind, cepa, touch; worse l.  e. ;  clem, graph., hep,
  to touch, excessively — ;  kali b, touch ;  mere  sol, l. ;
  touch;  fire-light;  nat. mur,  sprig, touch ; sulph,  mar-
  gins ;  terebinth, touch ; thuja, e. b. to  touch.
Sharp pain : Act. rac. from  occip. to e. ;  asaf, —  through
   the e. into  head ; atropia, under r. e. ; bry., e. into head ;
   cedron,  starting from one point over e. extends into head ; 
REPERTORY.
213
  colch, in and around e.  b. ;  coley, r.  e.  b. ;  duboisin,
  upper jiart of e. b. ;  kali c, r. orbit and e. ; lil. tig, over
  e. ; mur. ac, l. e. to r. e. ; nat. mur, over (r.) e. ;  e. b. ;
  nux v, e. ; physostigma, r. e. ; phyto, goes through e. b. ;
  prun, spin,, through e. back into brain;  — above e. ex-
  ternal into and around it, or over the  corresponding side
  of head ; from behind  ears forward to e. ;  rhus t, rims
  from e. into  head ; spig, (see "stabbing"); sulph, tere
  binth, thuja.
Shining: Calc. iod, l. ; hep, l. ; nat. mur, skin around  e.
Shocking pain :  Apis, over R. e.  extending to e. b.
Shooting pain : Act. rac, from e. to vertex ;  apis, bell, from
  within outward;  berb, violent —  through into brain;
  or  from  temples into e. ;  sometimes into arms; bry.,  e.
  into head;  cedron,  severe — over  l.  e. ; cepa,  r. lach.
  duct;  cinnabar, r. int.  cth.;  hep,  ipec, through e. b. ;
  kali b, from root of nose  along l. orbit arch to  the exte-
  rior angle of the e. exactly; kobalt, mere sol, nat. mur,
  e. b. ; physostigma, r. e. ; prun. spin, (see "sharp pain");
  rhodod,  — outward ; sil, spig, through forehead ; sulph,
  beneath  l. ; l. e. ; middle of pupil;  e. back into head ;
  verat. vir,  l. e.
Short to cover,  l. appear too: Guaiac.
-----sight: (see "Myopia.")
Sleepy feeling in e. :  Asaf, cinnabar, con,  euph, jacea,
  mere sol.
Sluggish  adaptation of E. to varied range of vision:  Con.
Smaller, as if e.  became:  Bry.
----,----------looks : Squilla, l.  e.
Smarting pain:  Aeon, ail. gl, alum, i.;  ambra,  amm. c. 
214
REPERTORY.
  apis, margins;  arg. met, berb, l. ; cth.;  frequently only
  on small spots;  calc. c, l. ; canth, caust, cepa, like from
  smoke ; inner snr.'aee u. l. ;  clem, colocy, con, int. cth.;
  euph, graph,  hep, ext.  cth.;  hydras,  iod,  jaborandi,
  jacea,  kali c, kobalt, l. when using e.; kreos, e. and
  margins ; lept, lye, marum  v, cth,;  mere cor, margins ;
  mezer, mur, ac, cth.; nat. mur., e. :  l. ;  nux v, int. cth.;
  as from salt;  petrol, int. cth.;  phyto, e. ; physostigma,
  podo,  e. ; ranun. bulb, and ranun. seel, E.;  R. ext. cth.;
  ruta, senega, sep., e. ; r. e. ; ext.  cth.; sil, l. ; e. ; staph,
  sulph, palp, conj.;  margins; cth.; l. ; ustilago, E. ; zin-
  giber.
Smoke,  feel as from :  Cepa, china, croc. sat.
Smoky :  Apis, cornea.
Snakes,  sees them in line of vision :  Arg nit.
Softening of :  Thuja,  inflammatory — of inner surface l.
Something arose before E,  as if:  Amm. m, l,  e.
---— were in —,-----: (see "Foreign body.")
Sore: Aeon, upper half of e.  b. ;  margins; apis, l, ; cth.;
  arg. met, l. ; arg. nit, cth.;  arn, l,  slightly;  ars, e. b. ;
  badiago, e. b. ; bapt, e.  b. ;  bell,  l. ; borax, margins at
  ext. cth.; camph. l. ; canth, on opening l, margins feel
  — ; cham, cth.;  cinnabar, comocladia, r.  e. b. ;  croc.
  sat, burning;  cup.  pert, painful e. b. ; euph, L.; gels, e.
  b. ; glon, graph, int. cth.;  ext. cth. ; hamam, intense;
  hep,  kali c, ext.  cth.;  ledum, l.  l. ; lith.  c, as  if —;
  lye, macrotin, e.  b.  ; mere  cor, around  e. from the dis-
  charge;  mere sol,  l. ; nat. mur., cth. ; nit. ac, region of
  e. ; nux v, margins; as if rubbed — ; cth. ; phos, e. b. ;
  physostigma, e. ; L.  ; phyto,, psor, puis, int. cth.; e. b. to 
REPERTORY.
216
  touch;  ranun. bulb, e. ; r. l.  l. ;  r. ext cth. ;  rhus t,
  very — around r. e. ;  e. b.; sang, e. b.; sep, — feeling;
  int. cth.;  margins; sticta, e. b. ; sulph, palp. conj.; tere-
  binth, — zinc, int. cth.;  ext. cth.;  r. e.
Sore e, chronic : Bapt.
----pain:  Hamam.
Sparkling look: Canth,  hyos.
Spasm of:  Agar., ciliary muscle ; bell,  e. ;  calc iod,  l.
  euph,  l. ; jaborandi, accommodative  apparatus;  ciliary
  muscle; nux  v.,  physostigma, — accommodation, which
  may be irregular ; ciliary muscle ; ruta, l. l.
Spasmodic affections:  Agar, l. ;  muscles of e. r. ; ciliary
  muscle  ; cann. sat, drawing in  e. ; cicut vir, e. and ap-
  pendages.
----closure of l. :  Alum,  ars, gels, chronic ; mere  cor.,
  nux v, plumb, puis, rhus t, sulph.
----contraction---------: Plumb, rhodod.
----motion of e. : Bell, selen, l. e. ;  sec. cor, as if ro-
  tated.
Splinter, as  from a: Sil, sulph.
Spots before e. : Physostigma, thuja, like bottles  of water
  moving.
--------------black:  Act. rac, agar,  l. e. ;  amm. c,
  large — ; bary e, calc. c. camph, carb.  v., chin, sulph,
  size of pin's  head, about eighteen inches from  r. e, and
  moving with  e. for some weeks ;  glon, lith. carb.,  lye,
  magn. c, mere prot,  mere sol, nat.  carb, nit. ac, paris
  quad, phos,  phos. ac, sep, many — ; sil, especially r. e. ;
  tabae, verat. alb.
_„-------__—. blinding: Chelid. 
216
REPERTORY.
Spots before E, blue : Kali c, sec. cor.
Spots before e. bright: Bell, kali c, plat
---------------, confused :  Con.
------------•—-, dark: Act. rac, apis, china, coccnl, though
  objects  appear clearly; phos,  sulph.,  valerian,— to the
  side of  line of  vision.
----;---------, dazzling:  Chelid,phos., plat, valerian.
---------------, like fire-flies: Thuja.
---------------, fiery:  Aur, bary. c, in the dark;  bell, as
  of electricity.;  calc. c, camph, — wheels; caust, cyclam,
  gels, graph, nat mur, nux v, phos, plat, psor, sec cor.,
  sep, valerian, zinc.
---------------, like flics:  Merc. sol.
---------------, flying:  Amm. m, sec. cor.
---------------, like flying webs:  Bary, c.
---------------, gray : Arg. nit.
---------------, green :  Kali c.
---------------, jumping up and down : Croc. sat.
---------------, luminous: Thuja, — disc.
---------------, persistent: Sil, before R. e.
---------------, like sparks : Bell, calc. c, camph, canst,
  chin, sulph, china, cina, shower of bright — ;  cyclam,
  dule/glon, lvali c, bright —; lye, nat. mur, phos, plat.
  sep, spig.
---------------, serpents :  Arg. nit, ign.
---------------, striped : Con.
---------------, yellow : Amm. e, on looking at white ob-
  jects; amm. in.
---------------, like zigzags: Graph, around  outside  of
  field of vision, with e. open; ign], lach,  sep. 
REPERTORY.
217
Spots on: Euph, cornea; kali b., sclera, — yellow brown;
  brown — cornea;  millef, nit. ae, cornea; phos. ac, yel-
  low ;  puis, a red (inflamed) — sclera, near c6rnea;  ruta,
co  rnea; sil, cornea.
-------- e, burning: Phos, e. b.
- —------ext, cth, moist: Ant. c, canth.
 ---.---- e, smoky:  Apis, on cornea.
Squinting :  (see " Strabismus.")
Stabbing pain:  Spig,  through the e.  n, back  into head or
  radiating; — ; under both  l. ; constant — r. e. b, and
  corresponding side of head.
Staphyloma: Apis, calc. iod,  mere  cor,  commencing —  ;
  nit ac, as a preventive ; thuja.
----posterior:  carb. v. (?), phos, prun. spin,  ruta, spig.
Staring look (see  also, "Look staring'") : Aeon, in apo-
  plexy; asthma ; alum, inclination to — ;  amyl nit,  bell.,
  bovis, at one point; camph.-, canth, cicut. vir, — at one
  and the same place and cannot help it; head bent forward;
  colch, eup.  purp, glon, hyos, — at surrounding objects';
  self-forgetfulucss;  hyper, kali c, inclination to —; kreos,
  lauroc, merzer, at one spot; opium, spong,  stram.
Stars before e : Alum, white —.
Startled look : Ail. gl, when aroused.
Steotoma:  Staph, on palp. conj.
Sticky feeling: Berb,  l. or in cth.; frequently only on small
  spots.
Sticking pain: Asaf,  ulcer of cornea; calc c,  calc  iod,
  euph, ferr, l. e. brow ;  lach, — drawing from r.  e.  to
  vertex; mere sol, in and  around e. ; nat. mur, r. e. ;
       14 
218
REPERTORY.
  petrol, int. cth.; e. ; puis, l. and cth.;  int. cth.;  spig,
  (see stabbing) ;  sulph, ext. cth.; zinc, int. cth.
Stiff feeling:  Apis, l. ; Jbell,  camph,  l. ; kalmia, muscles
  around e. ;  L.; lach, nat. mur, muscles; nux mos, L.;
  phos, rhus t., l.
Stinging pain: iEscnl, hipp, deep in  l. orbit; apis,  aur,
  l. ; calc. c,  caust,  as with needles;  ferr, hep, l. ; kali
  b, most in  L. e. ; kalmia, magn, c,  mephit, nat.  carb,
  nit. ac, puis, sil, e. ; l. e, ;  spong,  tarax,  thuja,  mar-
  gins;  e. ;  l. ; valerian,  margins; zingib, E. b.
Stitches:  Amm. c, ant. c, e. b. ; ars, every pulsation ; aur.,
  int. cth.; borax, l. e, in succession ; brom, l. e. ; l.  u.  l,
  extending to brow,  forehead, and l. temple;  calc c, int.
  cth.;  chain, cina, slow — from above upper orbital  mar-
  gin deep  into brain;  cyclam,  violent  formicating  —
  in l.  and e. b. ; dros, severe — from within  outward ;
  euph, pressure;  burning; gambog, — pain in e. ; fre-
  quent ; graph, from temple through e. to int. cth.; int.
  cth.;  hep,  hyper,  R. e. ; kali c, middle of e. ;  sharp
  —; kalmia, lach, like knives, coming from head; lith.
  carb, R. e. ;  lye, mephit, as from  needles ;  mur. ac, out
  of e.  ; nat. carb, needle like —, from within outward;
  nit. ac, paris quad, — middle  of  E.; psor, puis,  ruta,
  l. frontal bone ; sarsap., sec. cor, sep, sil,  spig, violent —
  middle of E. and int. cth.; R.  e. b. ; stram., thuja, through
  center of  l.  e, commencing in center of brain.
Strabismus: Alum, of either e. ; paralytic ;  apis, bell, due
  to spasmodic action of muscles ;  or from brain affections;
  calc. ph, chin, sulph, intermittent; cicut. vir, spasmodic
  and periodic (not when dependent  on an  anomaly of  re- 
REPERTORY.
219
  fraction);  cina, cyclam, hell, hyos, jaborandi, nat. mur,
  divergent; nux v., traumatic; periodic; divergent; spig,
  with worms; stram.
Strained, e.  feel:  Ruta, excessively.
Streaks before e.  :  Phos. ac, black, not removed by wiping.
----in e. :  Nux v, red — .
Stricture of  lach.  duct: Arg.  met,  galvanism, kali iod,
  nat.  mur.
Strings were holding l. together, as if: Kobalt.
Stupid look: Kreos.
Styes :  Amm. e,  R. u.  l. ; alum, incipient — ;  ambra, as if
  a — were forming; calc. c,  ferr, suppurating;  u. L,
  graph, l.  l. ;  prevents recurrence; hyper, l, l. l,  lye,
  more toward int. cth. ;  mere sol, like  a — ;  puis, l. ; u.
  L. ; subject to — ; rhus t, red, hard swelling, like a stye
  on l. L. toward int.  cth.; sep, staph, — hardened ;  par-
  ticularly on u.  l. ; l. l. not involved in general; very cir-
  cumscribed ;  one after another;  leave  little hard nodules
  on margins;  stann, like from a —; sulph, to prevent re-
  currence ;  accelerates absorption; thuja, r. e.
Suddenly, pain stopping :  Verat. vir, l. e.
Suffused: Ail. gl.
Suggillation  (dark  spots): Am, sub.-conj.;  kreos, conj. of
  R. E.
Sun, see another  below it: Senega, — assumes an oval shape.
Sunken e : Ars,  canth, cicut. vir,  colch, cup. met, cyclam,
  glon,  hell, kali  c,  kreos,  nit. ac, oleander, phos, sec.
  cor, sulph, verat alb.
Suppurating: Aur, met,  l. ; bell,  l.  carun. lach.;  rhus t.
  and  sec. cor, cornea; zinc, int. cth. 
220
REPERTORY.
Surrounded by hot vapor, as if: Bell.
Swelling, chronic: Kreos, l. and margins.
Swollen, (Swelling):  Acet. ac. and  aeon, l, especially the
  upper; ant. e. l. ; aethu. cy,  meibomian  glands; agar.,
  lach.  gland;  L,  especially  toward  hit cth,;  apis, l. ;
  around the e, ; arg. met, l.  greatly —; arg. nit., conj,
  toward int. cth.; carun. lach.;  l. ; ars, —, this  is non-
  inflammatory  and  painless;  arum  tri, margins;  asar.
  eup, l.  u.  l.  somewhat —;  aur, l. ; bary. c, l. ; bell.
  L. l, near int. cth, inflamed;  l. ; l. carun. lach.; brom,
  lach. gland; bry, conj.; calc.  c, l. ; calc.  iod,  erysipela-
  tous — L,  chiefly  u. l. ; cham, l. ; conj.; chelid,  conj.
  as far  as cornea; l. ;  cyclam, u. l. ;  dig, l. l. ; euph,
  l. ; margins; meibomian glands; ferr, graph, margins ; l. ;
  lach. gland; guaiac, hamam,  e. b. ; l. ; hep, u. l. ;  meibo-
  mian glands ; margins; ign, u. l. ; ipec, r,  l. ; kali b, l. ;
  kali c, l, margins worse; — like a bag between  u. l. and
  eyebrows;  enormous bag-like swelling under e. ;  kali iod,
  l. ;  iris; kreos., l, chronic —; margins;  lye, l. ; r. e. ;
  magn. e, e. b. ; mang.  acet,  mere cor, indurated  mar-
  gins;  around e. ; mere precip.  rub, bright red —, conj.;
  mere sol,  l. ;  inflammatory — in region of lach. bone;
  great  —;  lach. sac;   mur.  ae, l. ; nat. carb, dermoid
  — of  conj.; nit ac, l. ; dermoid — e. ; mix v,  e. ; l. ;
  opium, l, l. ; petrol, l. ; phyto, inflamed —, as large as
  a pigeon's egg,  in int. cth.; hard — ; reddish blue — l,
  l.  l. worst; puis,  l.   l. ; margins;  l. ; rhus t, sac-like
  — of the  conj.; l. ;  red, hard —, like a  stye, l. l. l. ;
  meibomian glands; sep, e. ;  conj.;  sil, r. lach. sac and
  skin over it inflamed;  glands in region —;  squilla, u. L.; 
REPERTORY.
221
  stann, pustular — l. int. cth.;  sulph, L.; terebinth, l. ;
  zinc, u. l. toward int. cth.
----, as if:  Aeon, apis, around l. e. in superciliary ridge;
  arum tri, l. l. ; bapt, calad, cyclamen, l. ; guaiac, opium,
  paris quad, rhus t, l. e. ; enormously; thuja, L.
Synechias:  Hyper,  and  prun.  spin, ant —;  mere  (and
  causes them to soften);  nit. ac, sulph. and  terebinth,
  post — .
Tears, e. full of: Verat. alb.
----gush out:  Rhus t, sulph.
Tearing in: Arn, (l.) eyebrow ; berb, l. e. ; chelid, in and
  above e. ; l. e, extending to zygoma and  teeth, forehead
  and temples; colch, in and  around e.  b. ;  hyos,  r. e. ;
  ipec, iod, around it.  e, passing backward from int. cth.
  to articulation of jaw; kali c, R. orbit and  e. ; mere cor,
  in bone above l.  e. near root of nose and  in other bony
  parts; mere sol, in  and around e. ; nux v, plumb, e. ;
  nightly; puis, rhus t, region of eyebrows; sil, spig., (see
  "Tense"); staph, thuja, l. eyebrow; verat.  alb.
Tender: Kali b, l. ;  sil.
Tense feeling (pain): Aeon,  l. ;  amm. e, R.  u.  l. ;  arum
  tri, l. l. ; aur, violent; camph,  l. ;  crot. tig, r. orbit;
  hep, l. ;  ipec, jaborandi, of accommodative  apparatus,   -*
  with approximation of the nearest and farthest points  of
  distinct vision ; nux v, oleander, paris quad, around eye-   *
  brow; puis, sil, spig., especially beneath l.  frontal emi-
  nence, extending toward the orbits, worse in R.  frontal
  eminence ;  staph, sulph. ae
Tension, intra-ocular: Eserine, relieves.
Thick: Alum, l. not much —; apis, cornea;  arg. met,  l. 
222
REPERTORY.
  very —;  arg.  nit,  l. ;  mere  oxyd.  flaw, slightly  —;
  mere sol, u. l. ;  l. ; paris quad, as if skin around eyebrow
  were —.
Threads  were drawn through  e. b, as if: Paris quad,—
  and backward into middle of brain.
Throbbing:  Apis,  ars,  asaf,  bell,  ben. ac, e. b. ;  hep, —
  pain; lith. carb, deep in r.  e, and around it; mere prot,
  mere sol,  sil.
Thrust-like pain: Spig.  (see Tension).
Tickling: Zinc, R.  e, frequently.
Tight feeling: Aeon, l. ;  sep, l. ;  sulph, l.
Tinea ciliaris: Magn. m, thuja, dry, bran-like —
Tingling pain : Phyto,  E.
Tired feeling in e. : Ant. t, as if they would close; duboisin,
  graph, jaborandi, easily; psor, sep.
Torn out, as  if:  Bell, prun. spin., inner portion of  e. —.
Torpor of: Jaborandi, —retina.
Tortuous:  Duboisin, retinal veins; vessels of optic  disc.
Trachoma:  Alum,  exsic;  used int. and ext.;  ars,  chronic;
  aur, calc.  c,  carb. ac,  locally;  caust,  chin, mur,  cup.
  alum, int. and ext.;  cup. sulph, locally; euph,  papillary
  —; kali b, mere peren,  mere cor,  tending  toward;
  mere prot, mere iod, mere precip, chronic ; nat. mur,
  nux v, old cases; petrol,  puis, sang, tending toward;
  sep, sulph, acute and chronic ; thuja.
Trembling (see Quivering): Apis, e. b.;  ars,  u. l.; bell, it.
  u. l. ; cann.  ind, before  e. ; iod,  l. ; plat, l. ;  senega,
  verat. alb.
Trichiasis: Aur.
Tumefied : Bell, and kali iod.,  conj. 
REPERTORY.
223
Tumors: Calc, c, puis,  Sep,  sil, staph, thuja, and  zinc,
  tarsal — ; caust, l. ; hep, palp.; hydrocotyle, l, especially
  epithelioma; kali iod,  of orbit; sulph, accelerates absorp-
  tion of tarsal —.
Turbidity:  Asaf, of humors.
Turned around, as if e. were:  Spig, spong.
---— outward: Camph.
---- upward:  Camph,  hell,  verat  alb,  showing  only
  whites.
Turn the e, can scarcely:  Rhus t.
Twinkling before e. : Cann. ind.
Twisting sensation:. Physostigma, spong (?).
Twitching: /Escul. hipp, l. — muscles under l. e. ; Agar.,
  frequent slight — l. ; e. b, especially l.  e.  b. ;  painful
  —;  alum,  especially  r. u.  l. ; bell, l. u.  l. ;  canst, vis-
  ible — l. ;  l. eyebrow  ; chelid, l. ;  croc, l. ;  u. l,;  gels,
  l. ; glon, graph, beneath the e. ; ipec, l. ; jaborandi, l. ;
  kali b, l. ;  lachnan, u. L. — visibly ;  mere peren,  u. L,
  especially L. e. ;  mezer, annoying  — of muscles of l. u.
  l. ;  nat. mur, r. l. l. ;  a great deal;  nux v, l. ;  paris
  quad, r. u. l.  ; physostigma,  L.;  around e.  ;  plat, -L.  ;
  rheum, l. ;  —convulsive;  scutel, l. ;  selen, spasmodic
  — l. e. b. ; sil, l. ;  spig, chronic — l.  ;  ustil , verat.
  vir.
Tvpe seem to  move : Agar.
Ulcerate, as if it would :  Spig.
Ulcer-ating-s: Alum, not much ; apis, cornea ;  margins and
  cth.; syphilitic  — l. ;  arg.  nit., cornea; in  new-born
  infants; small  — on upper  part of cornea;  arn,  trau-
  matic ; ars, superficial and deep-seated ; cornea ; margins; 
224
REPERTORY.
asaf, extensive superficial —, cornea; aur, cornea, in the
course of pannus ;  l. ;  bary. c, cornea ;  calc. c, cornea;
— in center of cornea, with more or less haziness of cor-
neal tissue and no vascularity;  calc. hypophos ,  cornea ;
calc. iod, particularly cornea;  cham, chin, mur., cinna-
bar, con. and crot. tig, cornea;  cundurango,  superficial
— cornea;  duboisin, slow form  of — ;  cornea;  euph,
cornea; superficial  —;  — margins; graph, margins;
cornea ; with a few vessels running into it;  chronic re-
current  — ;  with  moist, fissured,  eczematous eruptions ;
hamam, cornea; hep, cornea ; margins ; deep sloughing;
external parts of e, which bleed  easily;  hydras, with or
without —, ophthalmia;  ipec, cornea or conj.; kali b,
indolent — of cornea or conj.;  bore in without spreading
laterally;  kali e,  corners of e. ;  small round —, cornea
with no photophobia; kreos, lach, cornea ; lye, L.; mere
cor., deep— on cornea;  mere, nit., as a caustic in syphil-
itic — l, — cornea; mere oxyd. flaw, where —of l. are
indolent;  locally;   mere precip.  rub, cornea, superficial
—;  mere prot.,  commencing  at corneal  margins, and
extending, involves  only the superficial layers, either over
the whole cornea, or a part of it,  particularly  the upper
part; — serpiginous form; mere sol,  cornea, vascular
and  surrounded by  a grayish opacity; with —  between
layers of cornea; — deep-seated or superficial;  nat carb,
cornea; small —;  nat.  mur., chronic  recurrent cases;
cornea; nux v. and podo, cornea; puis.,  small — occur-
ring  near the  centre of  cornea;  rhus  t,  superficial  on
cornea; sil, cornea; l.  e. ; sloughing  —;  crescentic  ;
small round;  non-vascular;  centrally  located;  staph., 
REPERTORY.
225
  styes;  nodosities; chalazium;  sometimes—; sulph,  su-
  perficial and deep — cornea;  margins.
Uneasy sensation: Ars.. L.
Unyielding:  Phyto., l. to touch.
Up-turned e. :  Glon.
Use e. cannot: Alum, because they are dry.
Vascillate: Strain, e.
Vascular elevations: Ars.
——, (see "Vessels," or "Red.")
Vesicles, on:  Euph, cornea; rhus t, l. ; selen, itching —
  margins and e. brows;  sulph,  white — close to cornea.
Vessels enlarged : Duboisin, — and tortuous;  optic disc.
----degenerated :  Phos., in retinitis albumen.
----red : Arg,  nit, clusters of — extending from int. cth.
  to cornea;  aur, bell, on conj.;  calc. ph, visible in streaks
  from the cornea;  cann.  ind,  cann, sat,  duboisin, optic
  disc^  hamam., greatly;  ipec, kali iod, mere cor, mere
  precip. rub.
Vibrating spectra :  Agar.
Vision blurred:  Euph., lil. tig, nux v., physostigma, psor,
  ruta, thuja.
----changing constantly :  Jaborandi.
----clairvoyant: Cann,  ind.
----clear:  Hyos, valerian.
----cloudy  :  Phos, sep, strain, zinc.
----confused :  Gels, kali b, nat. mur., cannot distinguish
  anything for five minutes;  stitches run together; psor.,
  rhus t.
■----darkened :  Puis, as if from mucus ; verat. vir.
----deceptive :  Hyos, lith. carb. 
226
repertory.
Vision dim : Agar, alum, am, aur, bary. c, bell., bry, calc.
   c, cact gr., caps., carb.  an, caust, chelid, china,  chin.
   sulph, coccul, colch, con, croc sat, cyclam, dulc, euph,
   gels., glon, hep,  hyos,  ign, jaborandi, kali b, kali iod,
   kobalt,  kreos, lach., lil.  tig, magn c, mang. acet. mere
   sol, nat mur, nat.  sulph, petrol, phos,  phyto, puis,
   rhodod, ruta, sang, sec.  cor,  sil, sulph, tabae, thuja,
   verat. vir, zinc.
----double:  Act.  rac,  amm. c,  arn,  aur, bell,  chelid,
   cicut. vir, con,  cyclam,  dig,  gels, when inclining the
   head toward  the  shoulder;  it  can be controlled by an
   effort of the will; hyos, mere cor, nat. mur, nit ac, of
   horizontal  objects at a distance  ;  nux v., oleander, paris
   quad, rhus t, sec.  cor.,  senega, spong, stram,  — ob-
   liquely ;  tabae, therid. cur, in the distance ; verat. alb.
----dull: Ambra, sep.
----good : Con, for fixed objects.
----hazy : Amyl nit, con.
----impaired :  Con, when  objects are distant;  gels, not
   characterized by sudden changes; nat mur, nux w, sang,
   senega.
----indistinct: Agar, anac, borax, caust., hyos, jaborandi,
   of letters at two feet; kali  iod, mere sol, sil.
----increased : Coffea.
----  loss of:  (see "Blindness") :  Arn, bell, bovis, r. e. ;
   nux mos,  phos. ac, stram, in typhus; sulph, verat vir.
---------------nocturnal:  (see " Vision, in the dark.")
---------------transitory:  Nat. mur,  nitrum, nux mos,
   puis, phos, as from fainting ; sil.
----mixed up : Aur. met. 
repertory.                    227
Vision obscured :  Amm. e, amm. m, by an apparent body,
  arg. nit,  arum, tri,  aur.  met, bovis,  l. e. ;  caust,—;
  momentarily;  on blowing nose; cina, colocy, cup. met,
  euph, hep, hyos., iod., ipec, lachnan, lye,  magn. c, mur.
  ac, nit ac, nux v, opium, plumb, inducing one to rest
  e. ;  psor, puis, rhus t, ruta, sang, sarsap, sec. cor, sil.
----returns again : Nat, mur, on looking at another object.
----sensitive : Nux vom, extremely.
----triple :  Sec. cor.
----uncertain:  Lith. carb, verat. vir.
----unsteady:  Nat.  mur., verat, vir.
----, vanishing: Ant. t, arg. met, arg. nit,  graph, during
  menses;  mere sol,  for a few moments;  ox. ac, phos,
  sep, sil.
----weak :  Arg. nit, ars., bary. c, cact, gr, con., kali c,
  lye, mephit,  nat,  mur, paris quad, petrol, puis, ruta,
  very — ;  sang, senega,  verat. alb, fails to recognize those
  near, or does so but slowly; zingiber.
----yellow:  Cina.
■-----black-dark, before E.: Cina, clem, ferr., graph, nat.
   mur.
----in the dark :  China,  ferr, hell, phos.
---------twilight:  Phos.
----, cannot see in the dark : Hyos, lye, coming on in early
   eve; nit. ac, ranun. bulb, stram, sulph,  verat.  alb.
_________________________light:  Sil.
____ as  if  through a cloud:  Calc. c, caust, thick; dig,
   upper part; nux v.
 ____________________dark-Wwe glass : Cyclam. 
228                   REPERTORY.

Vision as if through fog:  Alum, chin, sulph, kali c,  kali
  iod, lach, mere peren., mere sol, puis, sulph.
------------------------gauze : Aeon, ars, white ; bary.
  c, caust, dros, dulc, kreos.
----------------,— feathers: Lye, nat. carb.
------------------- something that floated before the e. :
  Kreos.
                    mist: Ambra, amm. m, asaf, camph.
 caust, chelid, con, cyclam, graph, mere peren, millef,
 nat' mur, petrol, phos, plumb, ranun. bulb, sil., sulph,
 thuja.
— —— ---- .----  mucus :  Puis,  which ought to be
 wiped away.
—----—-------net: Carb. an., chin, sulph.
— .--------------shadow:  Calc. os, obscuring one side
 of the object; ruta.
------------------smoke :  Geh., phos.
—■---------,----turbid water :  Agar.
------------------a white  vapor :  Bell, plumb.
—:----------------a thick veil: Agar, ant t, arum tri.
  caust, croc, sat, euph.,  hyos, iod, lauroc,  lye,  phos,
  black; gray; puis, rhus t, strain,  sulph, tabae, therid.
  cur.
Warts on: Caust, e. brows; L.
Watery e.:  Cepa, con,  mere  peren,  nux v., puis, rhus t,
  thuja, verat. alb.
Water, e. seem swimming in  cold : Squilla, — whenever in
  cold wind.
----, were constantly coming into the e, as if:  Croc. sat.
Wavering before e : Dig. 
REPERTORY.
229
Waves, sensation of moving bright: Borax, now from right
  to left, again from above downward.
Weakness:  Agar, int. rect. mus. ;  alum, u. L, especially l.
  u. l. ; galvanism, gels, int. rect mus.; mere peren, u. l. ;
  nat. mur, ruta, ciliary muscle, more than int.  rect. mus.
----of e. : Agar,  not having exerted them; amm. c, carb.
  an, carb. v, cinnabar, con, dros, ferr, hamam, painful;
  kali c, kalmia, lil. tig, mere peren, nat. sulph,  opium,
  physostigma, ranun. seel, great—; rheum, senega, sep,
  sil, stann., sulph., thuja.
Weary look of e. :  Cyclam.
----pain: Ruta.
Weeping, feeling in  e. as after:  Croc, nat. mur.
Weight laid on E, as if a heavy: Carb. v, con, sulph, e. b.
Wens: Graph, l.
Wheels, before e. colored :  Nitrum.
Wide open, e. :  Hell, lauroc, lye
Wild looking: Glon, hyos., sec. cor, stram, valerian.
Wind blowing on e, feeling as  from : Berb, —- cold; croc,
  cold —; fluor. ac, — cold; — fresh, under the l, (even
  in warm  room).
Wink, frequent desire to :  Phos. ac.
----, inclination to: Mezer, spig,  great —.
----, must constantly :  Caust, croc sat, frequently; euph,
  -fluor. ae, as if something in e. could  be rubbed off; gels,
  spig.
Wipe e, must frequently: Alum, ars,  croc, sat, euph, as if
  a hair hung over  e. ; kreos., nat.  carb, puis, senega.
Within outward :  Asat, bry, R. orbit.
Without inward : Aur. 
230
REPERTORY.
Work rightly, seems not to:  Physostigma, int. mus.
Wrenched, as if: Prun. spin, e. b.
Wrinkle, difficult to: Paris quad, — skin around e.
Yellowness of conj. or  sclera:  Ars,  bell, canth, cham.,
  chelid, con, crot. hor, dig., eup. perf, eup. purp, with the
  chill;  iod, ipec, kali b, lach, lept,  magn.  in, nit. ae,
  region around e. ; nux v,  lower part e. b. : plumb, sang,
  sep.


         REMARKS   AND  EXPLANATIONS.
  Symptoms are clinical as well as pathogenetic.
  Where the remedy is stated, and nothing else, the whole
eye is implied.
  Sometimes l. l. signifies  lower lid, and sometimes left
lid ; these abbreviations were deemed necessary for brevity,
and yet  will often be  an  aid, when the symptom  is  very
marked.
  The dash  has reference to the  subject  of the paragraph.
  Ext. cth.  and int. cth, have reference to the external and
internal  canthi; and ext. and  int. to external  and internal.
  Grammatical construction  is often violated  for brevity's
sake. 
Index.
Abscess of the brain........................ 129
    "   "  "  cornea......................  28
    "   "  "  ear........................... ng
    "   "  "  lachrymal sac...........  97
    "   "  "  lids..........................  91
Accommodation...............................  81
Accommodative asthenopia...............  82
Acne of the lids...............................  91
Acute catarrh................................. 117
   "  suppuration.......................... 119
Adhesion  of the edges of the lids...... 101
     "     of lids to eyeball............... 101
Air-bag, inflation  with..................... 134
Albugo.............................................  26
Ametropia.......................................  81
Ankyloblepharon............................ 101
Anterior synechiae...........................  38
Apparatus, lachrymal.......................  97
Application, local...........................  68
Artificial membrana tympani............ 136
Asthenopia......................................  82
     "     accommodativa...............  82
     "     muscularis.....................  82
Astigmatism ...................................  83
      "      irregular......................  84
      "      mixed..........................  84
      "      regular........................  84
Auricle, the.................................... 11.S

Bandages  .......................................  78
Bats-wing........................................  59
Blenorrhoea of conjunctiva...............  54
     "     "   lachrymal sac............  98
Blepharadenifis................................  92
Blepharitis, ciliary...........................  92
      "     marginalis....................  92
Bodies, foreign, in the ear............... 109
                 "   eye................ 104
Boils in the ear................................ 111
Brachymetropia...............................  84
Burns, of conjunctiva...................... 102
   "   "  lids................................. 102

Cancer of lids..................................  91
Catarrh, acute................................. 117
    "   chronic.............................. 123
    "    of lachrymal sac................  97
Catarrhal  conjunctivitis....................  52
Catheter, Eustachian....................... 134
Cerebral abscess.............................. 129
Cerumen, inspissated........................ 110
Chalazion....................................... 105
Chemical injuries of conjunctiva....... 102
Chronic catarrh............................... 123
   "    suppuration......................... 126
Ciliary blepharitis...........................  92
Circumscribed  inflammation of ear... in
Cloudiness of cornea........................  26
Cone  of light................................... 135
Conjunctivitis..................................  52
              catarrhalis..................  52
             diphtheritica...............  57
             gonorrhoeal.................  54
      "       granulosa..................  55
              phlyctenularis............  58
      "       purulent....................-.  54
              pustular.....................  58
Consequences of chronic suppuration 128
Contraction of pupil.........................  42
Cornea, cloudiness of........................  26
Corneitis.........................................  25

Dacryo-blenorrhcea...........................  98
   "   -cystitis................................  97
Deaf-mutism.................................... 142
Diffuse keratitis..............................  30
Dilatation of the pupil.....................  42
Diphtheritic conjunctivitis................  57
Distichiasis.....................................  91
Dryness of the  conjunctiva...............  56

Ear, external................................... 109
  "  internal................................... 138
  " middle.................................... 117
Ear-wax, hardened........................... no
Ecchymosis of  conjunctiva..............  53
      "     "  lids..........................  91
Ectropion........................................  91
Eczema, of the ear........................... 112
    "      "    lids...........................  91
Emmet ropia.....................................  81
Entropion.......................................  91
Epilation of lashes..........................  92
Erysipelas of lids.............................  91
Eustachian catheter......................... 134
Eversion of lid.................................  56 
232
IKDEX.
Exanthematous ophthalmia...............  52
Exclusion of pupil............................  38
Exostoses........................................ 130
External ear.................................... 109
Eye, repertory of the........................ 147
Eye-tension.....................................  64

Falling of the lid..............................  91
Farsightedness.................................  89
Fistula lachrymalis...........................  97
Foreign bodies, in the ear................. 109
   "      "     "   eye.................. 104
Frost bites....................................... 115
Furuncle.......................................... m

Glasses, protective...........................  80
Glaucoma......................................... 64
Gonorrhoeal ophthalmia....................  54
Granular lids......■.............................  55

Hereditary syphilis..........................  31
Hemorrhage in conjunctiva..............  53
Hernia of the cornea.......................  28
Herpes  "     "    ........................  31
   "    ophthalmicus.......................  31
Hordeolum...................................... 105
Hyperaemia of conjunctiva..............  52
Hypermetropia...............................  87
Hyperostosis................................... 130
Hypertrophy of conjunctiva..............  59
Hypometropia......................'...........  84
Hypopyon.......................................  29

Increased eye tension.......................  64
Indurations of lids...........................  92
Inflammation of conjunctiva.............  52
      "            catarrhal............  52
      "            diphtheritic.........  52
                   granular............  55
                   phlyctenular......  58
                   purulent.............  54
Inflammation of the cornea...............  25
                   parenchymatous.  30
                   phlyctenular......  31
                   suppurative.........  28
                   vascular.............  30
Inflammation of the iris....................  37
                   gonorrhoeal........  37
                   parenchymatous..  39
      "            plastic................  38
      "            rheumatic...........  37
      "            serous................  38
      "            simple...............  38
                   suppurative........  39
                   syphilitic............  37
      "            iris and choroid ..  43
                   iris  and   ciliary
                    body................  40
                   lids....................  92
Inflation, methods of...........'............. 1^
Ingrowing lashes..............................  91
Injuries to the eye........................... 100
Injuries from acids...........................  102
    "    "   burns...........................  102
    "    "   quicklime.....................  101
    "    "   scalds..........................  102
Inspissated cerumen.........................  no
Internal ear.....................................  138
Interstitial keratitis.........................  30
Inversion of lids..............................  91
Irido-choroiditis..............................  43
Irido-cyclitis....................................  40
      '•     sympathetic..................  41
Iritis...............................................  37
  "  gonorrhoeal..............................  37
  "  parenchymatous.......................  39
  "  plastica...................................  38
  "  rheumatic................................  37
  "  serosa......................................  38
  "  simple....................................  38
  "  suppurative.............................  39
  "  syphilitic.................................  37
  "  traumatic................................  37

Keratitis.........................................  25
    "    diffuse...............................  30
    "    interstitial.........................  30
    "    pannosa.............................  27
    "    parenchymatosa................  30
    "    phlyctenularis...................  31
    "    pustular............................  31
    "    superficial.........................  25
    "    suppurative.......................  28
    "    traumatic...........................  25
    "    ulcerative.........................  27
    "    vascular............................  30
Keratocele.......................................  28
Kopiopia hysterica...........................  82

Labyrinthine disease........................  138
Lachrymal apparatus.......................  97
     "     fistula...........................  97
     "   sac, inflammation of, acute.  97
                   "       chronic.  97
Lenses.............................................  89
Leucoma.........................................  26
    ".  adherens.............................  26
Lids................................................  91
Lippitudo......................................  92
Local applications............................  68

Madarosis........................................  92
Marginal blepharitis........................  92
Mastoid  complications.....................  130
Membrana tympani,  artificial...........  136
Meniere's disease.............................  139
Middle ear.......................................  117
Mucocele.........................................  g%
Muscular asthenopia........................  82
Mydriasis........................................  42
Mydriatics.......................................  68
Myopia.............................. ............  84
Myosis...........................................  42
Myositics.........................................   72 
INDEX.
233
Naevi  of lids..................................  91
Nearsightedness..............................  84
Nebula............................................  26
Nervous deafness.............................  138
Noises in the ear.........,....................  140
Nystagmus.....................................  26

Occlusion of pupil...........................  38
Old-sight.........................................  8y
Onyx..............................................  29
Opacities of cornea..........................  26
Ophthalmia, arthritic........................  64
      "      catarrhalis....................  52
             Egyptian...................  54
      "      exanthematous..............  52
      "      gonorrhoeal...................  54
      "      granular......................  55
      "      military........................  54
      "      neonatorum..................  54
      "      phlyctenular.................  31
      "      purulent......................  54
      "      pustular.......................  31
      "      sympathetic.................  41
      "      tarsi............................  92
Optico-ciliary neurotomy..................  42
Oscillation of eye-balls.....................  26
Otitis media catarrhalis acuta............  117
  "     "    purulenta    "  ............  119
  "     "    catarrhalis chronica......  123
  "     "    purulenta     "    ........  126
Otitis parasitica..............................  114
Otorrhoea.......................................  126
Oversight........................................  87


Pannus...........................................  27
Paracentesis of cornea.....................  39
Parenchymatous keratitis.................  30
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis...............  58
             keratitis......................  31
             ophthalmia..................  31
Pinguecula......................................  59
Politzer's method of inflation............  134
Polypi of the ear..............................  128
Posterior staphyloma  ......................  85
    "     synechiae........................  38
Presbyopia.....................................  89
Proliferous inflammation..................  123
Protective glasses............. ...............  80
Pterygium.......................................  Sg
Ptosis.............................................  91
Pupil, exclusion of...........................  38
   "   occlusion of...........................  38
Purulent conjunctivitis.....................  54
Pustular      "       .....................  58
    "    keratitis....................*........  31
    "    ophthalmia.......................  31
Pyramid ol light..............................  135
Refraction.....................................  81
Repertory of the eye........................ 147
Rheumatic iritis...............................  37

Saemische's operation......................  29
Scalds of the lids.............................. 102
Sclerosis of the ear........................... 123
Serous iritis....................................  26
Shades.............................................  79
Short-sight.....................................  84
Spasm of accommodation.................  85
      "   ciliary muscle..................  85
Spectacles.......................................  89
Staphyloma, anterior........................  26
      "     of cornea......................  26
      "     "  iris..........................  27
      "     "  cornea and iris..........  26
      "     posterior.......................  85
Styes............................................... 105
Superficial keratitis..........................  25
Suppuration of cornea......................  28
       "    "  ear, acute................. 119
       "    "   "   chronic.............. 126
Suppurative keratitis........................  28
Symblepharon.................................. ioi
Sympathetic irido-cyclitis.................  41
      "      irritation.....................  41
      "      ophthalmia..................  41
Synechiae, anterior...........................  38
     "    posterior..........................  38
Syphilis, hereditary.........................  31

Tarsal blepharitis...........................  92
Therapeutics, aural..................... 109
      "       ocular.........................  19
Tinea tarsi......................................  92
Tinnitus aurium.............................. 140
Trachoma, granular.........................  56
     "     mixed..........:..................  56
     "     papillary.........................  56
Trichiasis.......................................  91
Tumors, of the ear.......................... 128
    "     "    eye.......................... 105
Tylosis............................................  92

Ulceration of cornea.........................  27
Ulcerative kerati is..........................  27
Ulcers of cornea..............................  27
Unguis.........................................  29

Valsalva's method of inflation........... 134
Vegetable fungi................................ 114

Warts of the lids..............................  91
Weakness of accommodation............  82
Wounds of the eye........................... 100

Xerophthalmia................................  56 
 
 
 
 
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