■ r SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE LIBRARY Section-----................-- Form 113c No. .Al.Ax?.*?... W.D..S.G.O. NLM001220967 RETURN TO NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE BEFORE LAST DATE SHOWN OCT 1 * T3PT I A POPULAR TREATISE ON THE FUNCTIONS AND DISEASES OF WOMAN, BY LUCIEN C. WARNER, A. M., M. D., WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS. " Knowledge is the Handmaid of Virtue, While Ignorance is the Mother or Vice and Immorality." Sold by Subscription. Price Two Dollars. Where agents are not located, single copies will be sent, post- paid, on receipt of the price, by the author, Lucien C. Warner, Box 615, Cortland, N. Y. CORTLAND, N. Y. 1873. 2J i-l c 1 <" g2 cd c5 '3 ^ 0 ■.£ c/j t«H 0 3 PQ P3 u "C 3 13 1—1 ^3 to In Woman. 1033 889 111 44 27 39 1.38 " the Cow. 1033 864 136 38 36 55 6.64 " " Ass. 1035 890 no 5° 19 36 5-24 " " Goat. 1033 «45 155 37 57 55 6.18 " " Ewe. 1041 832 168 39 1 54 7o| 7.16 It will be seen that the milk of the ass resembles more nearly the composition of human milk than any other given in the table. It is chiefly deficient in butter ; but by the addition of a little sweet cream, it makes the best substitute we have for the mother's milk. The difficulty, however, of obtaining this milk pre- cludes its use in the great majority of cases. Next in value is cow's milk. This is deficient in sugar, while it is too rich in casein and butter. These differences may be corrected, to a great extent, by diluting the milk with an equal amount of water and sweetening it with loaf sugar, adding an even teaspoonful of sugar to half a teacupful of milk. After the milk has been reduced with water, there will be a slight deficiency of butter; but this can be remedied by taking the upper half of the milk which will contain rather more than the normal proportion of cream. 41 322 INFANCY. During the first month, the milk should be diluted somewhat more than we have indicated ; and then as the child gets older, the proportion of milk may be gradually increased ; when the child is a year old, the milk will only need sweetening without dilution. It is always best to use the milk of the same cow each time, as there is considerable difference in the richness and quality of the milk of different cows. If the milk of one cow does not agree with the child, change and try another cow, and it will very likely do better. During the winter, and occasionally during the summer, cow's milk is likely to be slightly acid. To detect this, purchase some blue litmus-paper at the drug store, and introduce a small piece into the milk. If it retains its blue color, the milk is all right ; but if it turns to a redish tint the milk is slightly acid, and enough lime-water should be added to it to change its acid nature. The milk should be warmed to about the same temperature as that drawn from the mother's breast, which is from 900 to 95° Fahrenheit. To do this accurately, a thermometer should be used. If in any instance it is necessary to test the milk with the hand, use the back of the hand rather than the palm, as it is more sensitive to heat and cold. Great care should be exercised to always prepare the milk alike, and to scald the rubber and bottle, and keep them scrupulously clean. These are ARTIFICIAL FEEDING. 323 matters which the mother herself should attend to, unless she is favored with an unusually careful and trusty nurse. If the child thrives well on cow's milk, no other substitute should be employed ; but if after being used for several weeks, the child does not seem to do well, then other articles should be tried for at least two or three meals each day. The substances most in use are oatmeal, sago, farina and arrowroot. Either of these may be prepared after the following receipt: 1 tablespoonful oatmeal, wet up with with cold water. 1 cup boiling water. 1 cup fresh milk. 2 tablespoonfuls white sugar. A small pinch of salt. Add the salt to the boiling water, and then stir in the oatmeal and boil for twenty minutes, stirring constantly. Then add the milk and sugar, and boil ten minutes longer. Sago, farina, or arrowroot, may be substituted for oatmeal in the above receipt. The proportion of milk may also be varied according to the age and wants of the infant. In preparing food of any kind for infants it should always be thorougly cooked. When a mother nurses her own child, and does not have milk enough for it, either of the substitutes 324 INFANCY. we have given may be fed to the child, once or twice each day. In any case when it becomes necessary to feed a child that usually nurses, the food should be prepared in the same manner, and with equal care as though the child was being wholly reared upon artificial food. DERANGEMENTS OF INFANCY. Vomiting.—This is the most frequent trouble of the early months of infancy. It is no more natural for a child to vomit than for an adult ; but the stom- ach of a child is so much more sensitive that it is made to vomit from slighter causes. A popular impression often prevails that an infant is not healthy unless it vomits. This probably arises from the fact that over-feeding is one of the most frequent causes of vomiting, and the mother who over-feeds her infant is pretty sure to have an abund- ance of milk for it. A child will, therefore, frequent- ly thrive in spite of its vomiting, because it is well nourished. Vomiting may also be produced by improper and unwholesome food, by trotting and tossing the child soon after eating, by teething, and by almost every disease or derangement from which the child may suffer. The treatment of vomiting must consist principal- ly in seeking for and removing the cause. If the vomiting is very bad, take all food away from the child for several hours and give its stomach rest. COLIC. 325 Then try a teaspoonful of ice-water. If this is retained then try a little barley-water ; then barley- water with one-fourth milk ; or it may be put to the breast and allowed to nurse a very little ; but it may require twenty-four or forty-eight hours before its regular diet can be resumed. Colic.—This also is a very frequent affection of in- fancy, and one which nearly always indicates some error in the child's diet. If the child nurses, the mother has probably over-fed it, or has committed some indiscretion in her own diet or exercise; if brought up on artificial food, something is wrong with its preparation or quality. A favorite prescription for colic is two or three drops of peppermint essence, taken in a little warm, sweetened water. Another good receipt is to take three or four kernels of pepper, pour on them a little boiling water, and when sufficiently cool, sweeten, and give the water to the child. These remedies are safe, and are usually sufficient to relieve an attack of colic. If anything more is needed, paregoric is the remedy usually employed. In giving this, great care must be exercised ; for children are much more sen- sitive to it than adults. The size of the dose should be regulated by the age of the child as follows :—For a child three days old, three drops; one week old, five drops ; one month old ; seven drops, one year old, ten drops. It should always be dropped with great 326 INFANCY. care, and not guessed at, and the dose should never be repeated in less than eight or twelve hours. The medicine will be of more uniform strength if you buy that which is prepared by your druggist, and sold by the ounce, than if you buy that which is put up in fancy bottles. It should never be given to a child that has disease of the brain, but for the relief of colic or diarrhoea, it may be used with perfect safety in accordance with the directions we have given. Constipation.—It is natural for a child during the first year of its life to have about two passages from the bowels each day ; when they move less frequently than this, means should be taken to increase their action. The best remedy we have ever employed for this purpose is unrefined, or brown sugar. If the child is fed, its milk may be sweetened with the brown sugar ; but if it nurses, the sugar may be given to the child dissolved in a little water. A little experience will enable the mother to tell how much of the sugar is needed each day. In case the sugar should not suc- ceed, a little piece of Graham or corn-bread given to the child each day, will often keep the bowels regular. Another simple, but very efficient remedy we first learned of an old nurse, but have since recommended it many times with success. Take a piece of Castile soap two inches long, and about the size of the little finger, and whittle it to a point at one end ; moisten this and introduce it into the rectum about three- DIARRHCEA—TEETHING. 327 fourths of its length. This will lubricate the pass- age, and at the same time induce the child to make a straining effort, which will result in an immediate passage of the bowels. With the means we have indicated at your command, you will rarely or never be obliged to give a child physic. Diarrhoea.—This is more frequent, and usually more troublesome, than constipation. When not very severe it may usually be controlled by giving a teaspoonful of chalk-mixture, two or three times each day. This preparation can be procured of any druggist, and is a safe and valuable remedy for home use. Paregoric may also be used to control diarrhoea, given in accordance with the directions we have already laid down; but we cannot advise the con- tinued use of paregoric, except under the directions of a physician. If a child is taken with severe diarrhoea, a physician should at once be summoned, and the case placed entirely in his hands Teething.—The average age for children to cut their first teeth is about six months; but some begin earlier than this, while others have no teeth until after they are a year old. There are twenty of the first or milk-teeth, and they usually all make their appearance by the time the child is two and a half years old. When the gums are sore and inflamed from the pressure of a tooth, which is about to make its 328 INFANCY. appearance, the child is generally more restless and fretful than at other times. It should accordingly receive more care, but it does not need dosing with medicine. The bowels are also more than usually loose, but unless there is actual diarrhoea, they should not be interfered with. Teething is only a natural process, and if the child receives proper care and is not poisoned with medicines, this time is not particularly more dangerous than other periods of its life. WEANING. The usual time for weaning a child is when it is a year old ; but this period should be varied some- what with the condition of the mother's health, and the season of the year. If the mother has an abund- ance of milk, and nursing does not impair her health, she may with advantage nurse her child until it is fifteen or eighteen months old; but if she is kept weak and debilitated by lactation, she may wean her child any time after it is eight months old ; or even sooner, if her health is likely to fail. Mothers should, however, avoid weaning their children during, or immediately preceding the hot weather of sum- mer, when bowel-troubles are likely to prevail. The process of weaning should always be gradual. The child may begin to receive artificial food when it is six months old. A little milk diluted with water, sweetened and warmed, may be given the child once or twice each day; or oat-meal, sago, &c, may be used, GENERAL MANAGEMENT. 329 prepared as we have already directed. The amount of such food that the child should receive, will depend upon the supply of the mother's milk. As the time for weaning approaches, the amount of spoon-victuals should be increased, and the amount of nursing diminished. In this way the secretion of milk will be gradually dried up, until the child can finally be entirely removed from the breast, without any serious discomfort to either mother or child. Some mothers, after weaning their children, allow them to feed wholly upon solid food. This should not be done ; for the child's stomach is not prepared for so great a change. Until the child is eighteen or twenty months old, the principal part of its food should be in the liquid form. It is early enough to give solid food when the child has teeth with which he can properly chew and masticate it. GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS. A frequent mistake in the care of infants is the practice of dosing them with medicine every time they manifest the slightest indisposition. Almost any old lady thinks she is abundantly competent to give medicine to a child, although she might not pre- sume to treat an adult. Much greater skill is needed to doctor a child than an adult. An infant cannot tell its feelings like an older person, so that it is much more difficult to ascertain the nature of its complaint; besides, a wrong remedy or an over-dose of medicine would be much more likely to prove fatal. 42 330 INFANCY. We would particularly caution parents against all the various patent medicines advertised for children. It is bad enough to be constantly dosing a child with catnip, saffron, and camomile blows ; but these will not be likely to do any greater injury than to derange its stomach; and they are harmless compared with the various " Soothing Syrups," " Quieting Syrups" &c, which are " designed especially for children teeth- ing." As the period of teething covers about two years of the infant's life, there is hardly a week but that the medicine is in requisition. These syrups, so far as we have had opportunity to test them, all contain opium in some form. Besides the immediate danger from them by an over-dose, their frequent use is sure to derange the digestion and impair the nutrition of the child. If your child is well do not dose it ; if it is sick, unless you are certain what to do for it, try no experi- ments but send for a skillful and well informed phy- sician. It is better to give no medicine to a child, but to care for it well and trust to nature, rather than give remedies without understanding their effects. In most instances the child will recover without medicine, and in any event, it is far safer than to doctor by guess. No portion of life requires such delicate discrim- ination and care in its managements as that of in- fancy. The web of life is then held by a tender thread. A slight imprudence or exposure, improper clothing, an indigestionable meal, a wrong or useless GENERAL MANAGEMENT. 331 dose of medicine, is often sufficient to snap the slender tie. The great majority of children who die in infancy, die from mismanagement. How im- portant then that the mother should be properly qualified for the responsible duty which she has taken upon herself! FINIS. INDEX. PAGE. Abdomen, enlargement of....................... 273 Abortion, accidental............................ 286 causes of..................... 286 prevention and treatment of.... 288 intentional.......................... 290 frequency of................. 291 great crime of..... .......... 291 duty of society concerning..... 293 After-birth, (see placenta) delivery of............. 302 After-pains, treatment of........................ 305 Air, pure, importance of.................57, 139, 276 want of, cause of uterine disease....... 113 Amenorrhcea................................ 205 Ancients, opinion of, concerning the womb,....... 106 Anteflexion.................................. 173 as cause of sterility.................. 262 Anteversion.................................. 168 Appetite, changes of, attending puberty........... 54 perverted, in chlorosis................ 70 derangement of, in pregnancy.......... 274 Applications, local, in uterine disease.........153, 157 334 INDEX. PAGE. Articles needed for mother during labor.......... 295 for infant....................... 295 Arrow-root as food for infants................... 323 Bandage for mother............................. 295 how to apply................. 303 for child............................ 295 Barrenness (see sterility)........................ 260 Bathing during menstruation.................... 90 during pregnancy....................... 278 Beautiful children, how to have.................. 281 Bed, kind of, most healthful..................... 243 Bed-ridden cases.............................. 80 Births, plural................................. 254 Bladder, description of......................... 39 derangement of....................40, 130 Bleeding from the womb (see hemorrhage)........ 202 Blood, changes in, in chlorosis................... 69 treatment for, in uterine disease........... 142 Body, development of, prevents uterine diseases... 109 lessens the severity of child- birth................... 3o9 Bowels, condition of, after child-birth............. 306 Breasts, changes in ........................... 2-~ soreness of........................ Breathing, relation of, to uterine disease. k..... to constipation............... 313 no Cancer of womb.. of ovaries, Cancer doctors... Catalepsy........ 181 214 183 81 index. 335 PAGE Change of life, causes of........................ 93 physical and mental changes of..,......... 96 derangements of......................... 100 general treatment during.................. 102 Cheerfulness................................. 145 Child (see infant), growth of, in womb............ 266 age at which it can live.................... 269 Child-bearing, effects of, upon health............. 308 Childbirth, cause of........................... 294 preparation for...................... 295 symptoms of........................ 298 treatment during.................... 300 how to avoid the pains of............. 308 imprudence after.........\ ... 163, 170, 307 Children, desire for............................ 260 decreased number of, in American families. 256 Childhood, condition of......................... 41 Chlorosis..................................... 68 Chloroform................................... 310 Civilization, habits of, cause of uterine disease..... 134 Climate, influence of, upon menstruation.......46, 5c Clothing (see dress), during puberty.............. 55 unequal distribution of................. no supported from the hips................ 112 necessity for radical changes in.......... 135 proper support for..................... 138 during pregnancy.................... 277 for infants.......................... 295 Colic in infants................................ 325 Complexion, changes in, from chlorosis........... 70 Conception, manner of......................... 251 time of............................ 252 33^ INDEX. PAGE. Conception, prevention of...................... 256 Confinement (see child-birth).................... 294 Constipation, causes of......................... 218 treatment of, by hygiene............ 222 by medicine.......... 225 during pregnancy.................. 282 in infants......................... 326 Consumption, a reason for not marrying.......... 232 for not nursing............ 319 Cord, umbilical, formation of................... 267 cutting of...................... 301 Cousins, shall they marry ?...................... 233 Culture, influence of, in causing uterine disease.... 117 Deformities................................... 280 Desires, gratification of......................... 279 Diarrhoea during pregnancy..................... 282 in infants............................ 327 Diet, during puberty........................... 53 during change of life...................... 103 for women with uterine disease............. 141 during pregnancy......................... 278 after confinement......................... 306 during nursing........................... 318 for infants...........................313, 320 Displacements, as cause of inflammation.......... 133 general consideration of........... 160 as cause of sterility.............. 262 Dress (see clothing), improprieties of, as cause of uterine diseases...................,......... IOg Dress, as cause of displacements, ...........163, 169 of constipation.................. 221 index. 337 PAGE. Dysmenorrhoea................................ 192 Ecstacy...................................... 82 Egg, development of, in reproduction............. 266 Electricity, uses of, in suppression of menses...... 209 Employments, diversity of..................... 26 Engagements, long, effect of..................... 234 Epilepsy, a cause for not marrying............... 232 Excess of milk................................ 314 Excitement during nursing...................... 318 Exercise during puberty......................... 56 want of, cause of uterine disease......... 114 in treatment of uterine disease.......... 145 during pregnancy...................... 276 Fainting during pregnancy.......,.............. 285 Falling of the womb........................... 161 Fallopian tubes, description of................... 38 functions of.................... 39 Father's influence upon offspring................. 281 Feeding of infants............................. 320 Fibrous tumors................................ 177 Flooding (see hemorrhage)..................... 202 Foetus, nourishment of......................... 267 development of.......................... 268 Food (see diet)................................ 53 preparation of, for infants.................. 322 Foreigners, more prolific than Americans......... 256 Form, efforts to preserve........................ 171 Games for women............................. 56 Girls, instruction of, before puberty.............. 52 43 338 INDEX. PAGE. Girls, early training of.......................... 58 receiving gentlemen's company............. 59 fitness of, for marriage.................... 231 Green sickness.................■............... 68 Growth of child in womb....................... 267 Government, parental, after puberty.............. 59 Hemorrhage during change of life............... 100 from tumors...................181, 184 from menstruation................. 202 from childbirth..................... 302 Hips, breadth of, compared with man........... 26 Husband should be considerate of his wife........ 92 Husband and wife, relations of, in marriage........ 238 during pregnancy.. 282 Hygiene of puberty............................ 52 of menstruation........................ 90 of pregnancy.......................... 275 Hymen, not a test of virginity................... 30 rupture of, in consummation of marriage.. . 237 Hysteria, description of........................ 75 is it feigned.......,.................. 83. often catching........................ 85 treatment of.......................... 86 increase of.......................... 88 Hysterical fit................................. 76 Hysterical cough.............................. *o Ignorance, effects of........................... c? Impregnation, manner of....................... 2 ^ r time of......................... # 2152 prevention of.................... 256 index. 339 PAGE. Infancy, period of helplessness.................. 311 derangements of....................... 324 general management of.................. 329 Infant, articles needed for...................... 295 attention to, after birth................... 303 means of resuscitating................... 304 first application of, to breast.............. 304 mortality of............................. 313 nursing of.............................. 317 artificial feeding of...................... 320 Inflammation of the womb, general causes of...... 106 acute, description of... 121 chronic............... 125 Inheritance.................................. 280 Injections, for inflammation..................... 153 directions for........................ 155 medicated........................... 156 for displacements..................... 165 for leucorrhcea....................... 190 for painful menstruation............... 195 Instruction, importance of, for girls............... 52 Insufficiency of milk......................._• • • • 316 Intellect derived from parents................... 281 Iron, as remedy for chlorosis.................... 72 in uterine disease......................... 142 Itching of the vulva........................... 31 Kidneys, uses of.............................. 40 Labor (see child-birth)......................... 294 Labor-pains........,......................... 298 Late marriages................................ 231 340 INDEX. PAGE. Leucorrhoea, in chronic inflammation............. 128 general consideration of............. 186 Marriage, as cure for chlorosis................... 74 for suppression of the menses.......... 212 duty of............................. 229 proper age for........................ 230 fitness for........................... 231 time of month and year for............. 236 first consummation of................. 237 Masturbation, (see self-abuse)................... 62 Menstruation, cause of......................... 45 first appearance of................ 45 what hastens and retards.......... 46 frequency of...................... 49 duration of....................... 50 amount of discharge.............. 51 hygiene of...................... 90 imprudence during................ 118 suppression of, in acute inflammation. 122 derangements of, in chronic inflam- mation ........................ j 2o painful.......................... I92 profuse......................... 201 suppression of.................... 2015 Milk, mother's, proper food for infants............ 313 excessive secretion of.................... ^I4 deficient secretion of..................... ^6 incontinence of.......................... ,T5 different varieties of, for artificial feeding..... 320 Milk fever................................... -0g Miscarriage, (see abortion)..................... 286 INDEX. 341 PAGE. Morning sickness............................. 272 treatment for................... 283 Mortality of infants............................ 313 Mother, responsibility of........................ 230 influence of, upon unborn child........... 281 attention to, after child-birth.............. 302 when to nurse her own child............. 311 Mother's marks............................... 280 Movement cure, Swedish....................149, 227 Nausea, in pregnancy......................272, 283 Navel, cutting of.............................. 301 Neck, changes in, at turn of life................. 97 Nervous System, excessive development of, as cause of uterine disease............... 117 Nervousness from uterine disease................ 130 Nipples, how to harden......................... 297 sore................................. 313 Nipple shield................................. 314 Nubility, age of............................... 230 Nursing, frequency of.......................... 317 directions for mothers during............ 317 when not advisable.................... 319 Oatmeal, as food for invalids.................... 306 for children.............>............ 323 Organs of generation, external, description of..... 29 internal, description of..... 34 Ovaries, description of......................... 38 functions of.......................... 39 inflammation of....................... 213 tumors of............................ 214 342 INDEX. PAGE. Pain from inflammation........................ 128 from cancer............................. 185 Pains, symptom of abortion.................... 288 description of, in labor.................... 298 Parents, duty of............................52, 59 Passions, excessive development of............... 60 Pessaries.................................166, 172 Physician, qualities of, for treating hysteria....... 88 employment of, in childbirth.......... 299 Placenta, (see after-birth) formation of........... 267 Population, ratio of increase of.................. 255 Polypus of the womb........................... 180 Pregnancy..................................... 266 double.............................. 254 duration of........................... 270 symptoms of......................... 271 hygiene of........................... 275 immunity from disease during.......... 275 derangements of...................... 282 Prolapsus of the womb.......................... x6i Pruritus of the vulva........................... 3! Puberty, development of........................ 4I physical changes of.................... 42 mental changes of..................... 4^ hygiene of............................ *2 Quantity of menstrual flow..................... -, Quickening, time of......................... 26g significance of.................... 25g a symptom of pregnancy............. 274 Qualities transmitted.......................281 291 INDEX. 343 PAGE. Race, influence of, upon puberty................. 47 Retroflexion.................................. 173 Retroversion................................. 170 Reproduction................................ 244 in plants......................... 246 in birds......................... 249 in fish........................... 249 in man........................... 250 Rest after child-birth........................... 307 Sago as food for infants........................ 323 Saliva, excessive secretion of, in pregnancy....... 275 treatment of........................... 284 Self-abuse, effects of............................ 62 evils from.......................... 62 duty of parents concerning............ 65 Sex, distinction of............................. 25 how to produce at will..................... 264 Sexual instincts............................... 238 Sexual gratification................... ........ 242 Secretion of milk, excessive..................... 314 deficient...................... 316 Sleep, importance of................57, 143, 278, 318 Society, going into, during pregnancy............. 277 duty of, in relation to abortion........... 293 Somnambulism................................ 83 Species, how preserved... . .■.................... 244 Sterility, causes of............................ 260 frequency of.......................... 262 treatment for......................... 263 Stomach, derangement of, in uterine disease....... 130 in pregnancy......................272, 283 43 344 INDEX. PAGE. Supports for womb, natural..................... 160 artificial................166, 172 Sulphuric acid, as cooling drink................. 289 Sunlight.................................... 57 Syringe, style of................................ I53 Table of the composition of milk................. 321 Teething, period of............................ 32.7 Temperaments, shall persons of the same, marry.... 232 Tight-lacing, cause of uterine disease............. 112 of displacement................163, 168 Tonics...................................73, i4i Tooth-ache during pregnancy................... 285 Training, mental and moral..................... 58 Tumors, fibrous............................... 177 polypus.............................. 180 cancerous.............................. 181 ovarian................................ 214 as cause of displacement........163, 168, 170 of flooding........................181, 184 Twins...................................... 254 Under-clothing, support for..................... 138 Urethra, description of......................... 39 Urinary organs, description of................... 39 Uterus, (see womb)........................... 31- Vagina, description of......................... ^. Ventilation................................... 242 Vertigo...................................... 285 Voice, changes in.............................. 42 index. 345 PAGE. Vomiting, as a sign of pregnancy................ 272 treatment for......................... 283 in infants............................ 324 Vulva, description of.......................... 29 itching of............................ 31 Waist, how to dress............................ 138 pattern for............................. 137 Waters, breaking of............................ 299 Weaning.........................'............ 328 Wedding tour................................. 236 Wet-nurse.................................... 319 Whites, (see leucorrhcea)....................... 186 Woman, physical difference from man............ 26 Womb, description of.......................... 35 supports for.....................36, in, 160 general remarks upon diseases of......... 106 acute inflammation of................... 121 chronic inflammation of.................. 125 prolapsus, or falling of................... 161 anteversion, or falling forward of........... 168 retroversion, or falling backward of....... 170 flexions of............................. 173 tumors of............................ 177 elevation of, in pregnancy................ 267 growth of............................. 270 • #P NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLfl DDlEEDTb 7 NLM001220967