r«R55^*f VJW ?886p I855r *s *. *cf; LEABY, Bookseller, 5th & Walnut Philada. ,*•*''■ r /4O ^QZQZQZQZQZQZQZQ ZQZQZQZ ^Os$\ Surgeon General's Office ;S m erection, ...L................................ No....feA.l^..^ Sac; aOQOQ®Q,(3C!>CQ>QQOQ®QOQ&Q *} // O ----------- "': -'' / n '■ t; r.»v' ; lie who does his best, however little, is always to be (tistinguL-Oi' d from him who does nothing."—Dr. Johxson. SAVANNAH: W. THORN E WILLIAMS 1855. \M"B |?S5 Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 18.35, BY THOS. S. POWELL, M. D., in the Clerk'.* Office of the District Court of the United State? for the Soutliern District of Georgia. MEDICAL PROFESSION THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES, IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. We offer to the medical profession this little manual with some mistrust, in this day of new books and multi- tudinous publications ; but believing, as we do, that it will fill a desideratum in the wants of the profession, especially the younger portion of it, we have determined to confide it to their care, relying upon their accustomed generosity for its support. We claim no originality, except in the arrangement of the work, as it is manifest that it must be necessarily a Bimple compilation of the accumulated experience of ages. This much we claim for it, and for the part we have in it. To various authors, whom we have consulted, we owe much; from one we have gathered a grain, and from another a sheaf, and this, having been done for our own benefit, in a series of years, while engaged in the practice of medi- cine, has resulted in a book, without our being able to give credit to all. We mention, however, as the most promi- nent among them, the names of Wood and Bache, Ellis and Bull on Maternal Management of Children, Thomp- son's Conspectus, etc. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART I. The Art of Prescribing Medicines General Questions to Patients Of the Tongue Of the Stools . Of the Pulse . Of the Urine . Of the Perspiration Of the Respiration . Of the Examination of Children Prognostics . Table of Abbreviations used in Prescriptions Table of Symbols and Signs used in Prescriptions Table of "Weights and Measures Temperature of Baths PART II. Approved Medicines in Daily Use Pills . Powders . Mixtures Collyria, or Eye-waters . Gargles and Mouth-washes Ointments and Liniments Cataplasms, or Poultices Fomentations . Clysters . PART III. Miscellaneous Medical Intelligence useful to thb Young Practitioner . Signs of Pregnancy Natural Labor • Signs-of Labor . . . • Care of the Child . • • Of Mothers who ought not to Suckle Of a Wetnurse . General Directions . TABP 13 14 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 33 34 35 3f. 52 53 80 82 84 87 89 90 94 95 96 96 98 100 101 102 Vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS. Rules for Nursing the Infant Clothing . Signs of Disease The Breathing The Sleep The Stools The Cry . Inquiries concerning the Sick Room Of Phlebotomy, or Bloodletting The means of Fumigating Chambers, &c. Of Diet...... Of Drink..... Dietetic Preparations PAGE 102 104 105 107 107 108 108 110 113 118 120 120 122 PART IV. Medical and Miscellaneous Statistics . . . 129 Poisons......... 129 Hints to Dyspeptics......134 Table of Articles of Diet, and the time required for their Digestion ....... 134 Table of Physicians......137 Table of Diseases in different Months . . .138 Table of percentage of Deaths . . . .139 Tables of Meteorology......140 Table showing the difference between Minims, Drops, and Grains, &c. ..... . 141 Table of the Strength of Wines . . . .142 PART V. Medical Ethics....... . 144 Chapter I. Of the Duties of Physicians to their Pa- tients, and of the Obligations of Patients to their Physicians ........ 144 Chapter II. Of the Duties of Physicians to each other and the Profession at large ..... 148 Some of the means of acquiring Business, and the causes which prevent its acquisition, and occasion the loss of it in the Profession of Medicine . . 157 Fee Bill.........161 List of Medicines, Shop Furniture, and Surgical In- struments required by a Physician at the outset of his practice....... .164 Law points concerning Physicians .... 166 Form of Will........167 Conclusion........170 PART I. THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. In prescribing a Medicine, we should always remember that there are many circumstances which influence its action, and the dose in which it is to be given. The most important of these are—Sex, Temperament, Age, Habit, Climate, Idiosyncrasy, and last, but not least, the condi- tion of the stomach. There are various tables for the gradua- tion of doses to the respective ages, but the one devised by Gaubius is generally adopted, which is as follows: — For an adult, say from 21 to 60. Suppose the dose to be 1 drachm, or one. That for a person from— 14 to 21 years would be 2 scruples, or f. 7 to 14 4 to 7 4 3 Above 60, an inverse gradation should be observed. This table, in the main, is correct; but it will not do for estimating the doses of certain medicines—such as castor oil, opium, and calomel. Opiates affect children more powerfully than adults; but children bear larger doses of calomel than adults, in proportion to age, particularly up to two years of age. Sex.__Women, in general, require rather smaller doses of any active medicine than men; but so much depends upon habits of life, temperament, &c, that the exceptions are almost as numerous as the examples. Temperament also exercises much influence on the dose of 2 will only require \ dr. or £. i< << 1 scruple, or J. it a 15 grains, or {-. it << 10 " or£. u it 8 " ori- it it 5 " or-Jj. 14 POCKET FORMULARY. certain medicines. A person of a nervous temperament is un- able to bear with impunity an amount of opium that would scarcely act on a phlegmatic person; while the sanguineous are more readily affected by the action of stimuli, &c. Idiosyncrasy has more influence than either sex or tempera- ment, on the action of medicines ; sometimes it is very striking— for example, in some cases, opium, or any of its preparations, cannot be given without producing the most distressing symp- toms ; while, in others, the smallest doses of calomel will cause salivation; therefore, always listen to what your patients tell you about their peculiarities. Habit.—This has an important influence on the operations of medicines. Persons, in the habitual use of stimulants and nar- cotics, require larger doses to affect them when laboring under disease; while those who have habituated themselves to the use of saline purgatives are more easily affected by these remedies. Climate, also, has an influence in modifying the action of medi- cines. Narcotics act more powerfully in hot than in cold cli- mates, therefore, smaller doses are required in the former; but the reverse is the case with respect to calomel. The influence of disease on the operations of medicines is sometimes remarkable. For example, in severe pain, opium can be administered in doses that cannot be borne with impu- nity in a state of health ; but this is still more the case in teta- nus, in which scruple doses have been given without any marked effects; also, mercury can be given in larger doses in a febrile condition without causing salivation, owing to the rapidity of the circulation. The condition of the stomach, also, has its influence, and should be inquired into at all times, otherwise the most danger- ous results may follow the use of medicines that would have acted beneficially had the stomach, the common receptacle, been in a good condition to receive them. I have known cases protracted by giving medicines without inquiring into the state of the stomach—particularly supposed cases of worm fever. GENERAL QUESTIONS TO PATIENTS. The first duty of the physician, in his actual visits to the sick, is to form a correct diagnosis of the diseases. To do this, he should get the history, the symptoms, or changes in functions, the effects of remedies, and the morbid anatomy or changes in structure. This can be best done by interrogating the patient in the following manner :— THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 15 Q. Of what age is the patient ? Has he, prior to his pre- sent illness, enjoyed good health ? Is his constitution naturally good, or impaired by any irregularity ? In acute diseases—as inflammation of the lungs, pleurisy, inflammatory fever, &c, the propriety of bloodletting, its ex- tent and repetition, as well as the use of aperient and dia- phoretic medicines, must, in a great measure, depend on the age, natural constitution, and habits of the patient. Q. How long has he been ill ? On what day did he feel the earliest symptoms ? In what manner was he attacked ? Is the complaint stationary; or is the patient worse, or better, and in what respect? In fevers of all kinds, it is of great importance that the prac- titioner should be acquainted with the stage and nature of the disease, and whether the patient be in a convalescent state. Authors divide diseases, from the period of their duration, into two kinds, named acute and chronic. The period of an acute disease has been limited to within forty days; if it ex- tends beyond that time, it is regarded as chronic. The general symptoms of acute disease are a quick pulse, heat of skin, thirst, furred tongue, pain in the loins or limbs, and incapacity of at- tention or exertion of mind. These distinctions are not sanc- tioned by practice in many instances; for some diseases continue in an active state a much longer period; and some chronic dis- eases exhibit symptoms of an acute nature; but it is of great importance in all diseases to decide whether it be acute or sub- acute. Q. Are the bowels properly relieved, or in a regular state ? In all diseases it is absolutely necessary to be acquainted with the state of the bowels. In acute or inflammatory diseases, they should be kept open, and in chronic complaints costiveness should be avoided. If purging should occur without the aid of medicine, during inflammatory fever, it should not be checked, but moderated. Q. Is he troubled with or subject to piles, or easily affected by purgatives ? Are his bowels irritable ? In such cases we should not use aloes or other drastic purga- tives, unless it be advisable to reproduce them, for many com- plaints follow the suppression of them. Q. Is he affected with slight shivering (rigors) ? Is he feverish ? Does he complain of pain in the head or chest ? 16 POCKET FORMULARY. In rheumatism or diseases of the lungs, it is of great conse- quence to be acquainted with the state of the system; tor in case of fever or a feverish disposition, indicated by rigors, increased heat, pains in the head or chest, and quickness ot pulse, guaiac, for instance, and other stimulating medicines, would be injurious in the former disease, and the narcotic stimu- lants in the latter. . Rigors connected with cough and short breath indicate some serious mischief to be going on in the lungs. When rigors attend acute pain in the bowels, the disease may be suspected to be of an inflammatory nature, and not simply a colic. In cases of deep-seated pains, particularly in the loin, rigors denote the pain to arise from inflammation, and if the rigors continue to recur for a week or ten days after the first attack of pain, the disease is not to be considered rheumatic, but inflammatory, and that suppuration is probably taking place. Q. Is he restless or quiet? Has he been accustomed to taking laudanum, and in what quantity ? In super-irritative and sub-irritative diseases, a knowledge of these circumstances will determine whether laudanum may be administered alone or added to any other medicine; and the dose. Q. Is he affected with shivering fits, or cold spells ? Are they succeeded by heat and perspiration ? All inflammatory diseases are generally ushered in with rigors which are succeeded by an increased heat of the body, and sometimes by perspiration. These symptoms, occurring during inflammatory fever, or local inflammation, so deceive an inex- perienced practitioner as to lead to the improper exhibition of antiperiodics. In doubtful cases, it will be necessary to inquire how often the shiverings occur, and if only once a day, at what period, and how long they last; and also the degree of heat and perspiration ; and particularly, if there be any intermission or remission of the fever after the termination of the perspiration till the recurrence of the rigors or cold sensations. This is important, as they may be symptomatic of some local mischief that may be going on in the system. Q. Did he ever take an emetic? What was its general effects ? Some people suffer so much during the operation of an emetic that it should not be given, as in such cases it is often produc- tive of mischief. THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 17 Q. Has he ever been affected in the same manner, and when, and how often ? When a patient is found in an insensible state, this question put to his friends will in some degree enable the practitioner to determine whether the disease be apoplexy, catalepsy, the stupor following epilepsy, a fit of intoxication, or swooning. If the patient has been similarly affected, the doctor has the advantage of inquiring what was then done and its effects. Females are frequently troubled with swooning fits from disease of the spine, heart, and stomach, but most frequently from ulceration or po- lypus of the os tincae, or some disease of the uterus; therefore the condition of the uterus, as well as the spine, heart, and stomach, should be particularly inquired into. The use of the speculum is the only correct way of learning the condition of the womb, and should be used more than it is; no sensible woman will object to it, if approached properly, when her health is seriously involved. OF THE TONGUE. The condition of the alimentary canal is revealed, in part, by the state of the tongue; therefore, it is necessary to know its appearance in health as well as in disease. In healthy persons, as well as in diseased, it presents a variety of appearances. In some it is habitually clean, in others slightly furred; in some florid and indented, in others pale ; in some compact and firm, in others flaccid ; in some covered with a white fur, particularly in the morning before taking food. Hence the importance of asking the following questions :— Q. What is the natural appearance of his tongue ? Does it present an appearance different from that in health? In what particular ? Q Is the tongue furred, and of what color? Is there a dis- agreeable taste in the mouth, nausea in the stomach, or loss of These questions will determine the propriety of exhibiting an emetic or drastic cathartic. Physicians, in almost every disease, Darticularly in fevers, examine the state of the tongue, for from the tongue a judgment may be formed concerning the nature, increase, and remission of fever. If swollen, it is inflammation of the tongue itself (glossitis), ' 2* 18 POCKET FORMULARY. or of the adjacent parts, frequently from salivation, or in ma- lignant disease. A yellow, loaded, and bitter tongue is indicative of bilious fever or biliary derangements. It, however, should be remembered that fur collects on the tongue in almost all severe diseases. Thus the tongue is loaded with a white fur in the first stages of fever, in catarrh, in quinsy, and in acute rheumatism, as in inflammations. A pale and tumid tongue, with large papillae, is indicative of gastric debility and deficiency of the red particles in the blood, as in chlorosis. A white and slightly loaded tongue indicates inflammation or high irritation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestinal canal. A livid tongue indicates some disease of the heart or lungs which greatly affects the respiration. When red at the tip or edges, or both, it is indicative of inflammation of the stomach and intestines. You will also find it morbidly red and tender in some forms of scarlatina and typhoid fever, after the disappear- ance of the fur. A contracted and pointed tongue is frequently an attendant of cerebral or meningeal inflammation, and if drawn to one side indicates threatened paralysis. A flabby and dilated tongue occurs in congestive states of fever. Florid papilla;, protruding through a layer of white fur are characteristic of scarlatina; and a similar appearance exists in some cases of acute dyspepsia. But generally, in dyspepsia, the appearance of the tongue is very variable; sometimes a thick fur collects at the base of the tongue, while the edges and apex are of a bright red. Sometimes the fur extends over the whole surface. A white and sometimes brown tongue, clammy and somewhat dry, is indicative of remittent fever. A tongue covered with a dark scurf, and very dry attended with wandering of the mind and dejected countenance, leads us to suspect the fever to be putrid, or strongly disposed to it. A dark brown, hard, shrivelled tongue, makes the prognosis almost certainly fatal Keeping the tongue between the teeth, without retracting it, is a bad sign. ' A red, smooth, and shining tongue, dry around the edges in- dicates considerable danger; it denotes gastric inflammation and strong medicines should be avoided. ' When the tongue becomes moist, and begins to clean off the patient may be considered in a convalescent state. ' THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 19 When the tongue cleans uniformly from the point backwards, convalescence is rapid ; but when it cleans irregularly in scales, from behind forward, the patient convalesces slowly. The gums, from their proximity to the tongue, may be men- tioned here, though they are signs rather of the state of the circulation than of the digestive organs. The gums are florid in plethoric states of the system ; pale in anaemia; livid in cases where the functions of respiration are much impeded ; swollen and hard in scurvy and purpura hemorrhagica, in which dis- eases they bleed on the slightest touch; swollen, with an in- flamed line, in cases of salivation; marked with a blue line at the margin of the teeth in poisoning by lead. The tips and lining membrane of the mouth, like the gums, inform us as to the state of the circulation. The existence or absence of thirst, and the odor of the breath, are points that should not be forgotten in inquiring into the state of the digestive organs. OF THE STOOLS. Q. Are the stools pale, dark, or bilious? In jaundice, the color of the stools shows whether there be any obstruction to the free passage of the bile into the intestinal canal. If they are dark, slimy, and offensive, it is evident that digestion does not go on well, and that there is irritation in the intestinal canal. If they are pale, it is a proof there is a deficiency of the secretion of bile. Q Are the stools copious, hard or liquid, and is there any irritation of the rectum, or inclination to go to stool without be- ing able to evacuate the feces ? The quantity of feces discharged is of as great consequence as frequency; for a person may have frequent motions from irri- tation at the fundament, and yet not be purged. The matter evacuated is often nothing but mucus, from irritation in the large intestine, which is termed tenesmus and not purging. In cases of purging, it is necessary to inquire whether the stools are soft, or whether they come away in hard lumps with a Quantity of slime. When the discharge consists of soft or copi- ous liquid feces, it is termed diarrhoea; but when they are slimy and bloody, or hard and lumpy and attended with griping pain, it is termed dysentery. It is important to keep this distinction n mind, as many lives have been lost by treating dysentery for diarrhoea. In order to avoid this, the practitioner should al- 20 POCKET FORMULARY. ways examine the character of the stools minutely, and he will soon learn the proper distinctions better than we can define them on paper. OF THE PULSE. Q. Is the pulse weak, strong, quick, frequent, or does it in- termit ? By the pulse we judge of the state of the circulation with re- spect to fulness and the state of the nervous system; for, the heart and arteries receiving their power of action from the brain, the manner in which the pulsation is performed will show whether the nervous or cerebral system is in a state of irritation. To draw an accurate conclusion from the state of the pulse during disease, we should have some knowledge of it when in health, for the pulse differs materially in different subjects. At birth, it beats from 130 to 140 in a minute. The mean rate for the first month is 120; the limits during the first year are 106 to 120 ; for the second year from 90 to 100; for the third year 80 to 90 ; nearly the same for the fourth, fifth, and sixth years • in the seventh year, the pulse is about 78 to 80; from the twelfth year it differs but little from that of adult age, which is estimated at from 60 to 80 according to the age, size, and constitution Ihe common standard of frequency maybe placed at from 70 to <5 beats in a minute. From the 45th to the 60th year the pulse gradually becomes slower. After this period, it again rises in frequency, generally more frequent in women than in men. Climate influences the pulse more frequently in hot than in cold countries. It must also be remembered that the pulse n health varies in the course of the day; slower in the morn- ing; most frequent soon after dinner; slower during sleep than m the waking state. Position of body also makes LTdS standing ^ ^^ S1°Wer When sitthlS than Mental excitement influences the pulse; joy and anger render it fuller, and fear depresses it. Therefore tb£ physTcfan should A^Zr the Pati,ent'f PU1SG as Soon as h* enters the room A full or oppressed pulse indicates the sanguiferous svJteTin be overloaded. A small frequent pulse with ,,Zni ^.steJn}.° cates weakness or congestion I£7mpoTt!nt to6rZ "' mdl" dist notion here; to Meed with a wi^s^^^P" while in congestion it would save it. A quick Dulse , W 7 ' irritation of the cerebral or nervous systeu^t oftenT ***** that a pulse, indicative of great weakness?is attendant g£! THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 21 flammation of the lungs, stomach, intestines, and brain, but in these and the like examples, the nature of the malady, and not the state of the pulse, must determine the necessity of blood- letting. We have no infallible index to direct us. It is impossible, from the state of the circulation in fever, to point to any certain criterion for the employment of the lancet. The state of the pulse is often ambiguous and deceptive; circumstances require the nicest discrimination, as the result is often very different in cases seemingly analogous. A precipitate decision is fraught with danger, and a mistake may be certain death. Bleeding in typhoid fever is seldom admissible. When the pulsations rapidly follow each other, the pulse is said to be frequent; it may also be full, strong, and hard, or soft, small, or weak. A full, tense, and strong pulse is when the artery swells boldly under the finger, and resists its pres- sure more or less. A hard corded pulse is that in which the artery feels like the string of a violin or a piece of tightened catgut, giving considerable resistance to the pressure of the finger. When the pulsations are performed with great celerity, although the intervals be long, the pulse is termed quick. A slow pulse may therefore be quick, and a frequent pulse not quick; the term quick applying to the pulsation, and not to the interval of the pulsation to which the term frequent applies. When the strokes do not follow the usual inter- val, and sometimes not till after twice, thrice, or four times the usual space, it is termed intermittent. It arises from an un- equal influx of the blood into the heart from increased irrita- bility or disease of the organ itself. Sometimes it is produced by pressure of a tumor, or water in the chest, or pericardium. It is, however, in some people, common even in a state of health. The pulse of several domestic animals is as follows: the horse, from 32 to 38 per minute; the ox or cow, 25 to 42; the ass, 48 to 54 ; the sheep, 70 to 79; the goat, 72 to 76; the dog, 90 to 100 ; the cat, 110 to 120; the rabbit, 120; the guinea pig, 140; the duck, 124; the hen, 140. OF THE URINE. Q Of what color and consistence is the urine ? Does it de- posit a sediment when a fever is abating and drawing to a favor- able crisis? ..,...• v * The urine in fevers generally deposits a latentious sediment. In putrid fever it emits an offensive smell, and is often tinged with 00 POCKET FORMULARY. blood. In the last stage of pulmonary consumption, it is also offen- sive to the smell, and deposits a whitish matter. In cases of pain in the loins, the state of the urine will often determine whether the kidneys are the seat of the disease. In hysterical affections, the urine is pale and thin. In debilitated individuals, it has a frothy head, which often remains a considerable time on account of its abounding with viscid and oily particles. When the sto- mach is disordered, it deposits a sediment resembling brick- dust. Q. Does the patient void much urine ? An excessive evacuation of urine, like excessive perspiration, is a frequent cause of debility and emaciation of the body. In dropsical cases it is of great consequence to know whether the kidneys perform their office, for dropsy will sometimes arise from a sluggish state of the kidneys. OF THE PERSPIRATION. Q. Is the patient troubled with night-sweats ? Are they pre- ceded by rigors and heat ? At what time do they come on ? Are thoy copious, confined chiefly to the breast, and do thev smell strong ? Incases of inflammatory fevers perspiration may be considered critical, and should not be checked unless they are so excessive as to weaken the patient. Q. Is the skin moist, or dry and hot ? In all fevers and internal inflammatory attacks, it is very ne- cessary to attend to the state of the skin, for in those complaints it is ot the first consequence to produce a moist surface Bv the evaporation of perspirable matter, superabundant heat, and, probably electric matter are conducted from the body. A dry system!1 COntrary' indi™tes the accumulation of heat in the The perspiration is very analogous to the urine, and when either of these secretions is diminished the other is general!increased THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 23 OF THE RESPIRATION. Q. Is the breathing attended with difficulty ? In inflammatory fevers, difficulty of breathing indicates great plethora or a determination of blood to the lungs. In either case, the loss of blood and evacuating remedies are necessary. In dropsy of the abdomen or extremities, the state of the breath- ing will determine whether there be an effusion of serum in the chest. When shortness of breath comes on rather suddenly, attended with rigors and acute pains in the chest and side, termed stitches, it denotes inflammation of the lungs or pleu- risy. Q. Is there any expectoration, and is it difficult ? What ap- pearance and taste ? In all coughs it is necessary to inquire whether the patient expectorates, and its appearance. Cough generally terminates in an expectoration of a clear mucus, which has frequently a saltish taste. In chronic cough, its violence will, in a great mea- sure, depend on the tenacity of the phlegm. In such cough, it is of great consequence to produce a secretion of mucus that will require little exertion to bring up. In inflammation of the lungs, it is necessary to attend to the appearance of the mucrife expectorated; if it be clear and come up freely, it is a very favor- able omen; if tinged with blood, it often indicates the propriety of bleeding. If great difficulty of breathing and cough be not attended with expectoration, the patient may.be considered m great danger. In cases of cough attended with emaciation of the body, by the appearance and the quantity of the mucus ex- pectorated, the practitioner is enabled to ascertain whether the luno-s are ulcerated. If the matter is opaque, of a yellowish appearance, offensive to the taste, sometimes tinged with blood, and the patient be affected with hectic fever or much emacia- tion, his case is probably pulmonary consumption. Q What remedies has he taken, and with what effect ? Bv being acquainted with what has been done for the patient and the effect thereby produced, the practitioner has the great advantage of knowing what is left undone, and of forming an opinion of the situation of the patient. 24 POCKET FORMULARY. OF THE EXAMINATION OF CHILDREN. In the diseases of children, the following questions will be ne- cessary :— 1. The age of the child. 2. Is it cutting a tooth, and how many teeth has it - In cases of purging or fever, this will determine whether it arises from the teething. 3. Is it rickety ? 4. Has it had the hooping-cough, smallpox, measles, scar- let fever? and do any of those diseases prevail in the neighbor- hood? When a child is affeqted with fever, it will be very necessary to make those inquiries, as it may probably be indisposition pre- ceding some eruptive fever. 5. Has it a large belly, with emaciated limbs and large joints? These are symptoms of great weakness approaching to rick- ets, and often arise from worms. We must also bear in mind that many diseases, particularly those in which the nervous system is principally involved, will recur unless the disposition of the system to the disease be ef- fectually destroyed by a perseverance in the medicine. Hence, in consequence of a patient discontinuing the medicine when he finds himself well, in a few days he will experience a relapse, and because it has only produced temporary relief, it is very common for the patient to object to a further trial of it. Now had he continued it for a little time longer, the disposition to the disease might have been entirely overcome. Of this class of diseases are intermittent fever, nervous headaches, insanity, &c. As many diseases are produced by the mind, and as all are more or less influenced by it, we must also attend to its condi- tion as well as that of the body. No medical man of experience will doubtthat diseases are rendered more obstinate by suffer- ing the mind to give way to them. If courage will secure a person against the contagion of an infectious fever or an epi- demic, it is clear that mental exertion and composure must be of great service under disease. Quacks owe a great deal of their occasional success to their command over the feelings of their patients. The advantages to be derived from them might be an hundred times greater were they properly directed by regular bred physicians. One great difficulty with which physicians have to contend particularly in a country practice, is the officiousness of nurses THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 25 and visitors in relating cases of a similar character to the one under treatment, which terminated fatally, or with ominous looks and long faces, filling the mind of the patient, so prone to depression, with the idea of imminent danger, and perhaps a fatal termination. This should be guarded against by every means in the power of the physician, as he values the comfort, not to say the life, of his patient. PROGNOSTICS. In every disease, the medical attendant should be, and is ex- pected to be, able to give a pretty correct opinion of the degree of danger which hangs over the patient; hence it is necessary for him to keep posted on the prognosis of all diseases ; but it will not be expected in a book like this for us to enter into any minute details on the subject, therefore we will only give the most leading prognostics. In fevers, the more the febrile attack is diffused over the sys- tem, the less dangerous it is. Delirium alone should excite no alarm, unless it be very high, or of the low muttering, incohe- rent kind. In jaundice, and in diseases of the chest, it is alarming, and in the latter stage of pulmonary consumption its presence always indicates the approach of death. In intermittent fever, a complete chill is favorable, as it fore- tells an efficient reaction. The premature appearance of the paroxysm, complicated with other diseases, is unfavorable.^ In continued fevers, a sense of internal heat, with cold skin or the peculiar heat called calor mordax, petechias, ecchymosis, &c, with a disposition to slide down in the bed—craw-fishing, as Dr. Chapman would say—are extremely dangerous symptoms. Deafness is not unfavorable in this fever. Great confusion of thought, loss of recollection of the most recent occurrences, a restless, wandering eye, and a correspond- ing vacancy or confusion of countenance, are always to be dreaded in fevers and in diseases of the brain. An expression of great anxiety is equally alarming in all acute diseases, and a presentiment of death is also to be dreaded. In yellow fever, Dr. Chapman says cases marked by forcible reaction and high fever are most favorable.* * Dr Chapman considers yellow fever to consist in the action of an extremely virulent poison upon the stomach, producing excessive disorder of that viscus, and involving other parts sympathet.cally. And, like other epidemics influenced by various agencies, assuming 3 26 POCKET FORMULARY. In pneumonia, or inflammation of the lungs, pallidness of the countenance, with a slight degree of lividity, are symptoms ol danger. The supervention of diarrhoea is also unfavorable. Dr. Chapman says that all diseases of the heart are invested with extraordinary danger; yet some cases may be cured, and others so palliated that life may be prolonged with considerable comfort. Fainting (syncope) is to be considered alarming in dis- eases of the heart, or during profuse bleeding from the nose, or from any other part. Deep sighing also, under such circum- stances, is most unfavorable, and often indicates rapid dissolu- tion. Affections of the valves of the heart are always formidable; though, if taken in the commencement, and where it is dependent on mere thickening from chronic inflammation, it may be removed. Palpitations in nervous affections of the heart do not generally lead to any serious consequences. The prognosis in acute inflammation of the throat is generally favorable. Death, however, may occur suddenly from suffoca- tion.* Dysentery is sometimes very fatal. In cholera morbus, the issue is uncertain. In cholera infantum, a prognosis is very hazardous, since the most favorable-looking cases are apt to various forms ; sometimes inflammatory, and sometimes congestive, Bometimes the two conditions blended, and sometimes I think it assumes a typhoid form, and is blended with our low forms of imper- fect remittent fevers. I think the manner in which it has prevailed in many places south for several summers, will bear me out in this opinion. Hence you see the importance of treating it according to the form it assumes in your city, without any regard to its nature in other places in different latitudes, and surrounded by different circumstances. In short, it should be treated as all fevers should be, according to the type it assumes. Do not bleed the first case because bleeding is recommended by some authors; don't give the second one large doses of calomel, when he is already loose in his bowels, because it benefited some one of a bilious tempera- ment and constipated habits. Examine each case closely, and endeavor to make a prescription to suit the symptoms, taking into consideration the circumstances that influence the operation of medicines. In this way you will prove successful. It is always best to wait for the disease before you treat it. * The erysipelatous variety of sore throat, Dr. Chapman says, proceeds from gastric disorders ; in such cases, the stomach should be attended to as well as the throat. THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 21 terminate fatally, and vice versd. The appearance of dark, bili- ous, or natural stools is a most propitious sign. A pink- colored fluid is almost certain indication of death. In colic, the ejection of stercoraceous matter is an almost fatal sign. Chronic or subacute peritonitis is usually curable when no structural lesions have taken place. Thin and glairy sputse denote a continuance of irritation, while thick yellow sputre indicate the approach of convalescence. Catarrh, however, from the danger of its complications or de- generations, should never be neglected. In croup, treated early and judiciously, the prospect is good; but when the breathing is audible, or when there is a crowing sound in inspiration, or a cooing or croaking respiration, danger is present, and there is no time to lose. In hooping-cough, when the paroxysms suddenly increase in violence, and the face becomes livid, and the thumbs are drawn across into the palms of the hands, the appearance of convul- sions may be anticipated. The sudden disappearance of pain in inflammatory affections of the bowels, is always to be dreaded. Rigors invariably excite alarm, but they are only dangerous in chronic internal diseases, in which they often indicate the formation of pus or the existence of suppuration. Hiccough, in the advanced stages of either acute or chronic disease, is invariably alarming. Retention of urine, as well as its involuntary discharge, is always an unfavorable symptom. The sudden disappearance of swelling of the legs in chronic organic diseases, is indicative of approaching death. Diarrhoea is, under every circumstance, an unfavorable event when it occurs either in fevers or in the termination of chronic diseases; and the passing of involuntary stools, when scarcely any diarrhoea exists, is equally to be dreaded. ... Great and continued, or progressing emaciation, in chronic disease, and what is termed the facies Hippocratica, are to be ^^consumption, partial sweating, as of the head the chest, or the limbs, is always an unfavorable symptom. When preg- nancy occurs in a woman laboring under consumption, the dis- ease is arrested until after delivery, as if Providence threw a shield over the mother for the safety of the offspring; but, as soon as the confinement is over, the malady proceeds more rapidly than before. 28 POCKET FORMULARY. Excoriations on the parts in which the body rests—for in- stance, the haunches or the lower part of the back—especially if these become livid and sloughy, always indicate extreme Great difficulty of breathing, even to a feeling of suffocation, is not necessarily hazardous in asthma; for, although tew dis- eases are so little under control by the interference ot the phy- sician, yet asthma seldom proves fatal unless it tends to the production of other diseases. Coma, or an irresistible propensity to sleep, following the sudden suppression of gout, or the cessation of periodical bleed- ing in piles, or the healing of old sores, is always alarming. General sweats are more favorable than local ones. ^ Critical sweats take place more frequently between midnight and morning than at any other time. In phthisis, night-sweats are amongst the most unfavorable symptoms. Frequently, they alternate with diarrhoea. CEdema about the ankles may arise from any cause of general debility, such as chlorosis, convalescence from acute disorders, or simply remaining for a long time in the erect posture ; but, aside from these connections, it is to be dreaded as one of the first evil signs of valvular disease of the heart. Oedema of the eyelids and face, which may also proceed from the same debili- tating causes, is, in their absence, a strong indication of Bright's disease of the kidney. All diseases not involving organic changes are, with a few exceptions, more or less under the control of medicine, and are, consequently, curable. But some diseases, in which no organic changes have been discovered, are nevertheless incurable. This is the case with spasmodic asthma, which has rarely, if ever, been cured. TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PRESCRIPTION. ABBREVIATIONS. TECHNICAL. DEFINITION. aa . Ana. Of each ingredient. Ad 2 vie. Ad duas vices. At twice taking. Ad 3 tiam vicem. Ad tertiam vicem. For three times. Abs. febr. Absente febre. In the absence of the fever. Abdom. Abdomen or abdomini. The belly or to the belly. Ad libit. Ad libitum. At pleasure. Ad def. animi. Ad defectionem animi. To fainting. THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 29 Ad gratam aciditatem. To an agreeable sour- Adst. febre. Altera, horis. Alvo adst. Aq. astr. Aq. bull. Aq. com. Aq. fiuv. Aq. mar. Aq. niv. Aq. pluv. Aq. ferv. Aq. font. Bis in d. Bib. B. M. Bull. But. B. V. C. Cserul. Cap. Calom. C. C. Coch. Coch. ampl. Cyat. i. Coch. parv. Col. Color. Comp. Cong. Cont. rem. Addeoraddentum, ad- Add or let be added, to dendus or addendo. be added or by adding. Ajacens. Adjacent. Admove or admoveatur Apply or let be applied. or admoveantur. Adstante febre. When the fever is com- ing on. Every other hour. When the belly is bound. Frozen water. Boiling water. Common water. River water. Sea water. Snow water. Rain water. Hot water. Alternis horis. Alvo adstricta. Aqua astricta. Aqua bulliens. Aqua communis, Aqua fluvialis. Aqua marina. Aqua nivalis. Aqua pluvialis. Aqua fervens. Aqua fontana or aqua ~\ fontis or aqua fon- y Sprin talis. J Bis in dies. Bibe. Balneum mariae 01 balneum maris. Bulliat or bulliant. Butyrum. Balneum vaporosum Cum. Cseruleus. Capiat. Calomelas. water. Cornus cervi. Twice a-day. Drink. IA salt-water bath. Let boil. Butter. A vapor bath. With. Blue. Let the patient take. Calomel or the chloride of mercury. Hartshorn. Cochlear or cochleare. A spoonful. Cochleare amplum. A tablespoonful. Cyathus. A glassful. Cochleare parvum. A small-teaspoonful. Cola. Strain. Coloretur. Let it be colored. Compositus, a, urn. Compounded. Congius. A gallon. Continuenturremedia. Let the medicines be continued. 3* 30 POCKET FORMULARY. Cont. Coq. Coq. ad med. con- sumpt. Coq. in S. A. Cort. C. V. C. M. S. C. N. Crast. Cuj. Cujus 1. Chart. Collyr. Collutor. Dec. De d. in d. Det. Dieb. alt. Dieb. tert. Diluc. Dil. Dim. D. in 2 plo. D. in p. seq. D. P. or D. in prop. Donee alv. bis dej Donee alv. fuer. D. Decoct. Ejusd. Enem. Exhib. F. F. fil. xii. Feb. dur. F. venaes. F. H. sol. Contunde. Coque. Coque ad medietatis consumptionem. Coque in sufliciente quantitate aquas. Cortex. Cras vespere. Cras mane sumendus. Cras nocte. Crastinus. Cujus. Cujus libet. Chartula. Collyrium. Collutorium. Decanta. De die in diem. Detur. Diebus alternis. Diebus tertiis. Diluculo. Dilue, dilutus. Dimidius. Detur in duplo. Dividetur in partes aequales. Directione propria. . Donee alvus bis dejice- tur. Donee alvus soluta fu- erit. Dosis. Decoction. Ejusdem. Enema Exhibeatur. Fac. Fac pilulas duodecim. Febre durante. Fiat vensesectio. Fiat haustus. Bruise. Boil. ,. Boil to the consumption of half. Boil in a sufficient quan- tity of water. Bark- To-morrow evening. To be taken to-morrow morning. To-morrow night. For to-morrow. Of which. Of any. A small paper. An eye-water. A mouth-wash. Pour off. From day to day. Let it be given. Every other day, Every third day. At break of day. Diluted. One-half. Let twice as much be given. Let it be divided into equal parts. With a proper direction. Until the bowels have been twice evacuated. Until the bowels shall be opened. A dose. A decoction. Of the same. A clyster. Let it be exhibited. Make. Make twelve pills. During the fever. Bleed. Let a draught be made. THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 31 F. L. A. Fiat lege artis. F. S. A. Fiat secundum artem. Gel. quav. Gr. vi. fond. Gtt. Har. pi. sum. 3. H. D. or hor. de-cub. H. S. or hor. som Gelatina quavis. Grana sex fondere. Gutta. Harum pilularum su-mantur tres. Hora decubitus. . Hora somni. Haust. Ind. Haustus. In dies. In fulm. Inf. Inj. enem. Lat. dol. In fulmento. Infunde. Injiciatur enema. Lateri dolenti. M. Mane pr. Misce. Mane primo. Mani. Min. Manipulus. Minimum. M.P. M. x. More diet. More sol. M. F. Mixt. Massa pilularum. Mistura. More dicto. More solito. Misce fiat mixtura. M. F. Pil. M. F. P. N. tr. S. num. Misce fiat pilulse. Misce fiat pulvis. Ne tradas sine nummo Opt. Omn. hor. Optimus. Omni hora. Let it be made by the rules of art. Let it be made accord- ing to art. In any kind of jelly. Six grains by weight. A drop. Let three of the pills be taken. At the hour of going to bed. Just before going to sleep, or on retiring to rest. A draught. From day to day, or daily. In gruel. Pour in. Let a clyster be given. On the side that is pain- ful. Mix. Very early in the morn- ing. A handful. The sixtieth part of a drachm measure. A pill mass. A mixture. In the manner directed. In the usual manner. Mix to form a liquid mixture. Mix to form pills. Mix to form powder. , Do not deliver it unless paid. Used by apo- thecaries as a caution to the clerk, when the presence of the customer prevents a verbal direction. The best. Every hour. 32 POCKET FORMULARY. Omn. bid. Omni biduo. Omn. bih. Omni bihora. 0. M. or omn . Omni mane. man. 0. N. or omn, , Omni nocte. noct. P.aa.part.a ;qual, , Partes sequales. Post sing. sed. Post singulas sedes li- liq. quidas. P. r. n. Pro re nata. P. rat. jet. Pro ratione astatis. Pulv. Pulvis. Q. S. Quantum sufficiat. Repet. Repetatur. S. A. Secundum artem. Scat. Scatula. Sol. Solve. S. Signa. Semidr. Semi drachma. Semih. Semi hora. Sesunc. Secuncia. Sing. Singulorum. St. Stet. S. V. Spiritus vinosus. T. 0. Tinctura opii. T. 0. C. V. s. Tinctura opii campho- rata. Vena? sectio. Every two days. Every two hours. Every morning. Every night. Equal parts. After every loose stool. According as circum- stances arise. That is, occasionally. According to the age of the patient. A powder. As much as is sufficient. Let it be continued. According to art. A box. Dissolve. Write. Half a drachm. Half an hour. An ounce and a half. Of each. Let it stand. Ardent spirits of any strength. Tincture of opium, generally confound- ed with laudanum, which is properly the wine of opium. Paregoric elixir. Opening a vein. The above is quite a full list of abbreviations which are more or less met with in prescriptions—but we would advise physi- 2° aT011dthem as muc* ^ possible ; the practice is objec- tionable, and in many cases dangerous to the reputation of the physician, and life to the patient. We could relate some alarm! ing and amusing mistakes that have occurred in this wav within our knowledge. It should also be remembered that the abbreviations used to designate certain medicines, are equally THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 33 applicable to others. In such cases, if you are not very certain you are right, after thinking twice before you commence, I would advise you to give it in plain English rather than make an un- certainty. In writing directions for taking medicine, always express numbers in words, not in figures. TABLE OF SYMBOLS AND SIGNS USED IN PRESCRIP- TIONS. DEFINITION. Take. The 60th part of a drachm. Drops. A scruple, equal to 20 grains, Troy. A drachm. An ounce, Troy; or, in liquids, the 16th part of a wine pint, or the 20th part of the imperial pint. A pound weight. A pint. Half. A grain, or grains. Used as a prefix to certain meas- ures to distinguish them from weights, thus : fig. fluid uncia. Formerly the symbols or signs used in chemistry and phar- macy as substitutes for words, were numerous. At the present time they are very few. The above, alone, deserve notice. It is to be regretted that some other character cannot be substi- tuted either for the ounce or the drachm, for they being so similar, a mistake is easily made, in the hurry of writing by the physician, or in putting up the prescription by the apothe- cary, or a mistake in typography, may lead to prescriptions of the most dangerous character, as was the case in Ellis s Formu- lary The z being used for the 3, resulted in the death of the distinguished Dr. Baber, of Macon, who put up a prescrip- tion of Scheeles' concentrated prussic acid for a patient, and on his refusing to take it, from a caution given him by the apo- thecary, drank it himself, to give confidence to the patient, and was dead in two hours. SYMBOLS TECHNICAL. R. Recipe. "b- Minimum. Gtt. Guttse. 9- Scrupulus, vel \ Scrupulum. J 3- Drachma. I- Uncia. lb. Libra. 0. Octarius. Ss. Semis. Gr. Granum or grana. Fl. Fluid. 34 POCKET FORMULARY. TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 20 grains 3 scruples 8 drachms 60 minims 8 drachms 16 ounces make 1 scruple; 1 drachm; 1 ounce. 1 fluidrachm; 1 fluidounce; 1 pint. Apothecaries' weights, by which all medical preparations ought to be weighed, are divided into pounds, ounces, drachms, scru- ples, and grains. A pound B5 contains twelve ounces; An ounce 3" " eight drachms; A drachm 5j " three scruples; A scruple ^ " twenty grains ; A grain gr. Apothecaries' measures, by which all medicines are com- pounded, consists of gallons, pints, ounces, drachms, and minims. A gallon A pint A fluidounce A fluidrachm A minim Cong. 0 contains eight pints; " twenty fluidounces; " eight fluidrachms; " sixty minims; Measures which are used for convenience, which, although far from being uniform, may be used without danger for ordi- nary purposes. Drs. Wood and Bache estimate that the Teacup contains four fluidounces ; Wineglass " two " Tablespoon '< half a fluidounce; Teaspoon " a fluidrachm. _ Dr. Christison gives a somewhat different calculation; he con- siders A tumbler contains eight fluidounces: Breakfast-cup Teacup Wineglass Tablespoon Dessertspoon Teaspoon five " two << half a fluidounce; two drachms; one drachm. THE ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. 35 In both these estimates, the teaspoonful is noted too low; they apply very well to the teaspoonful formerly used, but not to the much larger kind now in general use; therefore, they ought not to be used as measures for the exhibition of potent medicines. The measure of temperature used by all the colleges is Fahren- heit's thermometer, 212° on the scale of which marks the boiling point of water, and 32° the freezing point; between 90° and 100° denote the gentle heat (calor lenis) of the Pharmacopoeias. TEMPERATURE OF BATHS. The hot bath from 98° to 106° The warm " " 96° " 98° The tepid " " 62° " 96° The vapor " " 100° " 130° PART APPROVED MEDICINES We here present a tabular view of the most useful medicines for adults, effects upon the system, and diseases in which they authors and practitioners, which have stood the test of expe- COMMON NAMES. OFFICINAL. DOSES FOR ADULTS. Aloes, powder. Aloes, tincture. Alum. Assafetida. Assafetida, tinc-ture. Aconite, powder. Aconite, extract. Aconite, tincture. Balsam of copaiva. Bloodroot, powder. Bloodroot, tincture. Belladonna, or dead-ly nightshade. Belladonna, extract. Blue vitriol. Blue pill. Pulv. aloes. Tinctura aloes. Alumen. Assafoetida. Tinct. assafoetidae. Aconiti, pulvis. Aconiti, ext. Aconiti, tinct. Copaiba. Pulv. sang. Cana-den. Tinet. sang. Canad. Pulv. belladonna. Ext. belladonnge. Cupri sulphas. Pil. hydrargyri. vi to xii gr. $i to Jss. v to x gr. v to x gr. i to ii drachms. i to ii gr. i to i gr. x to xx drops. x to xx drops. x to xx gr. Z>i tojsa. i to ii gr. Ho i gr. i to v gr. v to x gr. II. IN DAILY USE. in general practice, with the common and officinal names, doses are generally used; also various recipes from the most approved rience, with directions when and how to be administered. effects, &c. DISEASES PROPER FOR, &C. Purgative. Astringent. Antispasmodic. Sedative, narco- tic. Stimulant, blen- norrhetic, and diuretic. Acrid emetic, with stimulant and narcotic powers. Narcotic. Narcotic. Alterative. 4 Obstinate costiveness. Flooding, colliquative sweats, diabetes, chronic dysentery, diarrhoea; its local applications are numerous. Asthma, hysteria, flatulence, hooping- cough. Rheumatism, neuralgia, gout, phthisis, catarrhal fevers. The diseases of mucous membranes, chronic dysentery, leucorrhoea, gonor- rhoea, gleet. Typhoid pneumonia, catarrh, amenor- rhoea from torpor of the liver. All nervous diseases; in neuralgia jt is one of the most effectual remedies in our possession. Dilates the pupil. In full doses, emetic: tonic and astringent. in small doses, 38 COMMON NAMES. Calomel. Camphor. Camphor julap. Castor oil. Castor, powder. Castor, tincture. Catechu, tincture. Chalk, prepared. Cinnamon, powder. Cinnamon, oil. Cinnamon, tincture. Carbonate ammonia. Carbonate iron. Carbonate magne- sia. Carbonate soda. Oolchicum root, pewder. Colchicum, wine. Colocynth, cd. ex- tract. Cream of tartar. Corrosive sublimate. Cubebs, powder. FORMULARY. OFFICINAL. Hydr. chlor. niit. Camphora. 01. ricini. Pulv. castorei. Tinctura castorei. Tinct. catechu. Creta preparata. Pulv. cinnamomi. Oleum cinnamomi. Tinct. cinnamomi. Amnion, carb. Ferri carb. pilul. Magnes. carb. Sodo3 carb. Pulv. colchici ra- dicis. Vin. colchici. Ext. colocynth. c. Potassae bitartras. Hydrargyri chlo- ridum corrosivurn. Pulv. cubebae. DOSES FOR ADULTS. v to xx gr. vi to xii gr. i to gii. Jtogi. v to x gr. i to ii drachms. i to ii drachms. x to xv gr. v to x gr. i to iii drops. i to iii drachms. v to x gr. x to xx gr. £ to i dr. x to xx gr. ii to viii gr. gtt. x to 3ss. v to x gr. 3ss to si. TV to J gr. 3ss to 3'ii- P( APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 39 EFFECTS, &C Purgative. Antispasmodic. Antispasmodic febrifuge. Purgative. Antispasmodic. Antispasmodic. Astringent. Astringent. Stomachic. Stimulant. Astringent. Stimulant. Tonic and em- menagogue. Antacid. Antacid. DISEASES PROPER FOR, &C Dras. cathartic. Cathartic, diu- retic and refri- gerant. Alterative. Stimulant diuretic. and Intestinal affections, accompanied with constipation or hepatic derangement. Hooping-cough, convulsive fits. Nervous fever, convulsive fits. Intestinal affections, accompanied with constipation. Convulsive fits, nervous irritability. Convulsive fits, nervous irritability. Chronic looseness, flooding, &c. Looseness, acidity. Indigestion, flatulence. Flatulency, colicky pains. Looseness, and as an adjuvant to creta- ceous mixtures. Typhoid fever. Neuralgia, chorea, chlorosis, and those diseases in which the blood is defi- cient in coloring matter. All cases which require a laxative antacid. Diseases attended with acidity of sto- mach, as gout, uric acid gravel, and certain forms of dyspepsia. Gout and rheumatism, especially when of a shifting or neuralgic character. Dropsy and various affections depend- ing on disordered action of the brain. (See Pilulae Catharticse Compositse.) Dropsical affections and cutaneous fe- brile affections. Syphilis, cutaneous diseases, and chro- nic rheumatism. Gonorrhoea, gleet, and as a stomachic and carminative in disorders of the digestive organs. 40 POCKET FORMULARY. COMMON NAMES. OFFICINAL. DOSES FOB ADULTS. Cubebs, tincture. Cubebs, oil. Dover's powder. Digitalis, tincture. Elixir vitriol. Epsom salts. Ergot, powder. Ergot, wine. Foxglove. Galls, powder. Gamboge, powder. Gentian, powder. Gentian, extract. Gentian, tincture. Glauber's salts. Guaiac powder. Guaiac, tincture. Guaiac, ammoniated tinct. Tinctura cubebae. | 3'i to 3'u. Oleum cubebae. | v to x drops. Pulv. ipecacuanhaa v to xv gr et opii, or pulvis Doveri. Tr. digital. Acid, sulph. arom. Magnes. sulphas. Pulv. ergotae. Vin. ergotae. Digitalis. Pulv. gallae. Pulv. gambogiae. Pulv. gentianae. Ext. gentianae. Tinct. gentianae. Sodge sulphas. Pulv. guaiaci re- sinae. Tinct. guaiaci. Tinct. guaiaci am- moniata. x drops. x to xxx drops. 3*i to ii. xv to xx gr. £i to ii. igr. x to xx gr. iii to viii gr. xii to xxv gr. ii to vi gr. 3i to 3ii. Si. gr. v to 9i. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 41 EFFECTS, &C DISEASES PROPER FOR, &C. Stimulant diuretic. Stimulant diuretic. Narcotic, phoretic. and and dia- Tonic and as- tringent. Cathartic. Narcotic, seda- tive and diu- retic. Astringent. Cathartic. Tonic. Tonic. Tonic. Cathartic. Stimulant. Alterative and emmenagogue. Rheumatism, pneumonia, dysentery, diarrhoea, and the various hemor- rhages, especially that from the uterus. Typhoid fevers, colliquative sweats, passive hemorrhages, and diarrhoea, dependent on a relaxed state of the mucous membrane of the intestine. Fevers and inflammatory affections, colic and obstinate constipation. Hemorrhages, and to aid parturition. Diseases of heart, lungs, and dropsy. It is seldom employed as an internal remedy, though occasionally prescribed in chronic diarrhoea. It is much employed in dropsy, attended with torpid bowels. All cases of disease dependent on pure debility of the digestive organs. Dys- pepsia, gout, amenorrhcea, hysteria, intermittent fevers. Fevers. It is mostly used in chronic rheumatism, gouty affections, and amenorrhcea and dysmenorrhcea. 4* 42 POCKET FORMULARY. COMMON NAMES. Hellebore, black. Hellebore, extract. Hellebore, tincture. Hive syrup. Hoffman's anodyne. Hydrocyanic acid. Iodide of iron. Iodide of iron, solu- tion. Iodide of potassium. Iodine, tincture. Iron, subcarbonate. Iron, muriated tinct. Iron, phosphate. Jalap, powder. Jalap, extract. Jalap, tincture. OFFICINAL. Helleborus niger. t. Extr. hellebori nigri. :e. Tinct. hellebori nigri. Syrupus scillas compos. te. Spirit, ether, c. Acid. Hydrocyani- cum dilutum. Ferri iodidum. u- Liquor ferri iodidi. m. Iodidi potassium. Tinct. iodinii. Ferri sub-carb. Ferri chlorid. tinct. Ferri phosph. Pulv. jalapae. Ext. jalapae. Tinct. jalapae. DOSES FOR ADULTS. gr. x to 3i. v to x gr. £ss to 3i. 3ss to s'u i to ii drops. iii to viii gr. x to xx drops. v to xv gr. v to xx drops. gr. x to 3ss. x to xx drops. v to x gr. x to xx gr. v to xx gr. 3i to 3ii. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 43 EFFECTS, &C DISEASES PROPER FOR, &C. Cathartic and emmenagogue, Emetic and ex- pectorant. Antispasmodic. Sedative. Tonic, altera- tive, and em- menagogue. Diuretic, alter- ative. Tonic and alte- rative. Tonic. Tonic. Tonic. Cathartic. Dropsy and amenorrhcea. Dr. Mead considered it superior to all other medicines as an emmenagogue. Croup and other pectoral affections. Hysteria, convulsions, and nervous irri- tation, and want of sleep from this cause. Phthisis and various affections of the chest, attended with dyspnoea or cough, such as asthma, hooping-cough and chronic catarrh. It is chiefly employed in scrofulous com- plaints and chlorosis, atonic amenor- rhcea, and leucorrhcea. Bronchial affections, engorgement of the liver, secondary syphilis, chronic rheumatism. It is used in diseases of the absorbent and glandular systems, in glandular enlargements and morbid growths, en- largement of the liver, spleen, testes, uterus, in chronic diseases of the ute- rus. (See U. S. D.) _ Iron is given in neuralgia, chorea, chlo- rosis, and in all diseases in which the blood is deficient in coloring matter. (See U. S. D.) Dropsical complaints ; it is much used, combined with the bitartrate of potas- sa, and in bilious fever, with calomel. 44 POCKET FORMULARY. COMMON NAMES. James's powder Juniper oil. Kino, powder. Kino, tincture. Laudanum. Lead, acetate. Lime-water. Lobelia, powder. DOSES FOR ADULTS. Lobelia, tincture. Tinct. lobelias. Morphia, acetate. Morphias acetas Pulvis Jacobi. 01. juniperi. Pulv. kino. Tinct. kino. Tinct. opii. Plumbi acetas. Aqua calcis. Pulv. lobelias. Morphia, muriate. Morphia, sulphate. Manna. Musk. Morphias murias. Morphiae sulphas. Manna. Moschus. iii to x gr. gtt. iii to vi. x to xx gr. gss to 3i. xx to xxv drops. i to iii gr. 3*ss to ii. v to x gr. £ss to 51. gr. \ to \. gr. i to £. gtt. i to i 3*i to ii. x to xx gr. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 45 EFFECTS, &C. DISEASES PROPER FOR, &C. Diaphoretic Diuretic. Astringent. Narcotic. Astringent. Antacid, tonic and astringent, Emetic. Emetic. Narcotic. Narcotic. Narcotic. Gentle laxative. Antispasmodic. Febrile diseases. Debilitated cases of dropsy in connec- tion with digitalis. Chronic dysentery and diarrhoea, not attended with febrile excitement or inflammation, hemorrhages, particu- larly from the uterus. It is used to mitigate pain, induce sleep, allay inordinate action, diminish mor- bid irritability, and is more or less em- ployed in almost every disease inci- dent to the human frame. Hemorrhage from the lungs, intes- tines, and uterus, dysentery and diar- rhoea. Dyspepsia, with acidity of the sto- mach, diarrhoea, diabetes, and gravel, and nausea, and vomiting. (See U.S.D.) Catarrh, croup, pertussis, and other laryngeal and pectoral affections. It has proved most useful in spasmodic asthma. I have known it to cut short the paroxysm in a few moments. They are applicable to all cases where the object is to relieve pain, quiet restlessness, promote sleep, or allay nervous irritation in any shape. Less stimulant, less disposed to constipate the bowels than opium. Costiveness in children and pregnant women. Hysteria, asthma, palpitation, convul- sions of infants, and in obstinate hiccough. 46 POCKET FORMULARY. COMMON NAMES. OFFICINAL. DOSES FOR ADULTS. Myrrh, powder. Pulv. myrrhas. gr. x to 9 i. Nitre, sweet spirits of. Spts. ether, nitrici. 3i to 3ii. Nitric acid. Acid, nitricum. i to iii drops, Nitric acid, diluted. Acid. nit. dil. x to xi drops. Nux vomica, pow-der. Pulv. nucis vo-micae. iii to v gr. Nux vomica, tinc-ture. Nux vomica, ex-tract. Opium. Tr. nuc. vom. Ext. nuc. vomic. ale. Opium. v to xx drops. £ to i gr. i to ii gr. Paregoric, elixir. Tinct. opii camph. 3ito gss. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 47 EFFECTS, &C DISEASES PROPER FOR, &C. Stimulant, tonic, and expectorant. Diaphoretic, diu- retic, and anti- spasmodic. Tonic, antisep- tic, antisyphi- litic, escharo- tic. In small doses it is tonic, diu- retic; in large doses its action is chiefly on the nerves of motion. (See U. S. D.) Stimulant in small doses, in larger, narco- tic, antispas- modic, dia- phoretic, seda- tive, anodyne. See Opium and Camphor. Chronic catarrh, phthisis, asthma, and other pectoral affections in which the secretions are abundant, but not easily expectorated, chlorosis, amenor- rhcea, combined with chalybeates and other tonics. It is employed in febrile affections, in nausea, flatulence, to allay restlessness, and promote sleep. The strong acid is seldom used for any other than pharmaceutical purposes. The diluted is used in fevers of the typhoid kind, in chronic affections of liver, attended with a redundant and hasty formation of bile, and in dys- pepsia. It is also very useful in the cure of old ulcerated legs. It is used in dyspepsia, pyrosis, gastro- dynia, chronic dysentery, hysteria, rheumatism, spasmodic asthma, palsy, incontinence of urine from paralysis of the sphincter, amaurosis, and other nervous affections. (See U. S. D.) All painful affections where the in- flammatory diathesis is not very con- siderable, diarrhoea, dysentery, cho- lera, pyrosis, convulsive and spasmodic diseases. (See U. S. D.) The same diseases as opium or its pre- parations. (See Laudanum.) 43 POCKET FORMULARY. COMMON NAMES. Quassia, infusion. Quassia, tincture. Quinine, sulphate. Rhubarb, tincture, OFFICINAL. Pulv. cinchonas, Quiniae acetas. Quiniae citras. Quinise murias Pulv. rhei. I Tinctura rhei. DOSES FOR ADULTS. Ditosss. 3'i to 3ii. 3i to 3"ii. i to v gr. gr. x to Bi. gss togi. i to iii gr. i to xx gr. i to xx gr. i to xx gr. i to xx gr. gr. x to 3ss. 3" to 58s. Peruvian bark, powder. Peruvian bark, tincture. Peruvian bark, Huxham's tinct. Peruvian bark, extract. Pinkroot, powder. Pinkroot, infusion ' of. Quassia, extract. Quinine, acetate. Quinine, citrate. Quinine, muriate. Rhubarb, powder. Ir. cinchonae. Tr. cinchon. c. Ext. cinchonae. Pulv. spigeliae. Infusum spigeliae. Ext. quassiae. Infus. quassiae. Tinct. quassiae. Quinias sulphas. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 49' EFFECTS, &C. DISEASES PROPER FOR, &C Tonic, antipe- riodic, and fe- brifuge. Anthelmintic. Tonic, stoma- chic. Tonic, anti- periodic, and febrifuge. Tonic, anti- periodic, and febrifuge. Tonic, anti- periodic, and febrifuge. Tonic, anti- periodic, and febrifuge. Purgative, sto- machic, astrin- gent. Diseases attended with deficient action ; miasmatic fevers. (See U. S. D.) It is used in worm fever, and in remit- ting and intermitting fevers of infancy, with quinsy. Used in intermittent and bilious fevers, dyspepsia, and in hysteria, united with tincture of valerian. In intermittents and all periodic dis- eases, as a tonic ; also as a febrifugein bilious remittents, and whenever tonics are indicated; may be used with ad- vantage endermically or by enema, where the stomach is irritable. The last three preparations are supposed to be better adapted to those excitable persons with whom the sulphate does not agree, and in cases of weak diges- tive powers. There are other prepa- rations that should be used, as ferro- cyanate of quinine, and citrate of quinia and iron. (See U. S. D.) Costiveness from laxity of bowels, par- ticularly of children, and diarrhoea: externally the powder is sprinkled over ulcers, to assist their granulation and healing. 50 POCKET FORMULARY. COMMON NAMES. OFFICINAL. Rhubarb, syrup. Silver, nitrate. Squill, powder. Squill, syrup of. Strychnine. Tannin or acid. tannic Uva ursi, powder. Uva ursi, infusion of. Uva ursi, syrup of. Valerian, tincture. Valerian, fluid ext. Wormseed oil. Wild cherry, infu- sion of. Wild cherry, syrup of. Zinc, sulphate. Syrupus rhei. Argenti nitras. Pulv. scillae. Syr. scillae. Strychnia. Acidum tannicum. Uvae ursi pulv. Infus. uvae ursi. Syrup, uvae ursi. Tr. valerian. Val. ext. fl. 01. chenopod. Inf. prun. Virg. Syr. prun. Virg. Zinci sulphas. DOSES FOR ADULTS. 31 tO 3*S8. \ to i gr. i to v gr. 3ss to 3i. tV to £ gr. ii to iv gr. 9i to 3i. 3*i to §ii. 3i to 3ii. 31 to 3ii. x to xx drops. gtt. ii to gr. vi. .li. 3i to 3*ii. ss to ii gr. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 51 EFFECTS, &C. DISEASES PROPER FOR, &C. Chorea, epilepsy, dyspepsia, and irri- table conditions of the mucous mem- brane of the stomach and bowels; locally to erysipelas, enlarged tonsils, fungous ulcers, warts, and venereal chancres, &c. (See U. S. D.) Pulmonary complaints, humoral asthma, pertussis, dropsy, combined with a mercurial. Paralysis. Excessive sweats, diarrhoea, and most forms of hemorrhage, after a sufficient reduction of arterial action. (See U. S. D.) Diseases of bladder and dropsies. Hysteria, epilepsy, hemicrania, chlo- rosis. See TJ. S. D. Debilitated states of the stomach or ge- neral system, attended with irritation and nervous excitability ; it allays the action of the heart, and is useful in the hectic fever of scrofula and consump- tion, and in dyspepsia. (See U. S. D.) Emetic, tonic, See U. S. D. externally as- tringent. The doses given in the above table are for adults, but are moderate, and may be lessened or increased as the patient may annear to have less or more vigor than is common to others. Doses for children can be calculated by the table on page 6, giving the doses for all ages. Tonic, anti- spasmodic, es- charotic. Expectorant and diuretic. Spastic. Astringent. Tonic, diuretic, and astringent. Antispasmodic, tonic, emme- nagogue. Anthelmintic. Sedative, tonic. 52 POCKET FORMULARY. PILLS. Composing Pill. R.—rulveris Opii* gr. x; Saponis zss. Beat together, and form the whole into 20 pills. \\ hen a quieting draught will not sit upon the stomach, one, two, or three pills may be taken, as occasion requires. Stomachic Fill. R.—Extract. Gentiame gii; Pulveris Rhei, Potassoe Sulphatis, aa. 3i; Olei Menthse Piper. Tt^xxx ; Syrupi Simplicis q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas 1. Signa.—Three or four to be taken twice a day for invigorat- ing the stomach and keeping the bowels gently open, in seden- tary and dyspeptic persons. Corroborant Pill. R.—Ext. Cinchonae, Ferri Sulphatis, aa. 31. Misce, et divide in pilulas 1. Signa.—Two to be . taken three times a day, in disorders arising from excessive debility or relaxation of the system. Deobstruent Pill.f R.—Ferri Sulphatis, Pulveris Aloe's Soc, -------Myrrhse, a.3. 3L Misce, et divide in pilulas xl. Signa.—Two to be taken evening and morning, in obstruction of the menses. * Opium, in a majority of cases, disposes to sleep; but many cases will be met with in which it produces wakefulness. In such cases I have found the Ext. of Hyoscyamus a good substitute. t In consumption, the cessation of the menses is generally considered of a very unfavorable import. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 53 Emmenagogue Pill. R.—Ferri Sulph. 3i; Galbani, Assafoetidae, Aloes Soc, aa. 3SS ; Tr. Assafceti. q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas lx. Signa.—Give two morning and night. An excellent pill in amenorrhcea. Tonic Pill. R.—Ferri Sulphatis gr. x ; Ext. Krameriae 3i; Pulv. Aloes Qi; Olei Carui gtt. x ; Syrupi Simplicis q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas lx. Signa.—Two to be taken twice daily. Useful in chlorosis, amenorrhcea, leucorrhcea, dropsy, gleet, &c. Tonic Pill. R.—Ext. Cinchonae, Ext. Gentianae, aa 3i; Ferri Sulphatis 3SS; Pulv. Myrrhae 3i; Olei Carui gtt. x ; Syrupi Zingiberis q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas lx. Signa.— Three to be taken two or three times a day, in cases where the vis vitae is impaired, chlorotic cases, &c. Tonic and Nervine Pill. g.—Sul. Quiniae, Zinci Oxidi, aa 3iss; 01. Valerian, q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxviii. Signa.—Give one pill morning and night. 5* 54 POCKET FORMULARY. Anti-dyspeptic Pill. R.—Ferri Sulphatis 3i; Ext. Gentianae q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxx. Signa.—One to be taken morning, noon, and night, in dys- pepsia and amenorrhcea. Tonic and Laxative Pill. R.—Ext. Gentianae 3SS ; Pulv. Aloes 3i; Syrupi Simplicis q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxxv. Signa.—Take one to three for a dose. These are excellent and safe laxatives in dyspeptic cases. Laxative Pill. R.—Pulv. Aloes 3i; ---- Gambogiae gr. x; Saponis et Aquae q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxxiv. Signa.—One, two, or three to be given when necessary, for torpid bowels. Cathartic Pill. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis £i; Pulv. Gambogioa gr. viii; Syrupi Simplicis q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas viii. Signa.—Two or three pills every three hours are a powerful cathartic, well adapted to the treatment of the highest grades of inflammatory fever, except such as affect the lungs and in- testinal canal. In inflammation of the womb, they are the best remedy I have ever used (Dr. Fort). Tonic Astringent Pill. R.—Copaibae, Ext. Gentianae, aa 3iiss; Ferri Sulphatis, Pulv. Kino, aa gr. lxxx ; Syrupi q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas singulas gr. iss. Signa— Take from one to three, three or four times a day for chronic mucous discharges and leucorrhoea. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 55 Anti-chlorotic Pill. R.—Pulv. Ferri per Hydrogen giiss; Ext. Cinchonae, Pulv. Rhei, aa lxxxv. Syrupi q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas lxxx. Signa.—Take from one to six daily in chlorosis, and anaemia, with constipation and loss of power in the digestive canal. Anti-leucorrhceal Pill. R.—Argenti Oxid. gr. xlviii; Pulv. Ferri per Hydrog., Assafoetidae, aa 3iss. Misce, et divide in pilulas xlviii. Signa.—One to be taken morning and night in leucorrhoea, attended with anaemic condition of the system. Cook's Cathartic Pill. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, Pulv. Rhei, ---- Aloe's, aa gr. xxx.. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxxii. Signa.— Three pills are a safe cathartic in torpor of the hver and bowels, accompanying bilious fever. Dose from one to four at bed-time. Dr. Cato's Anti-bilious Pill. R.—Pulv. Aloe's, ---- Jalapae, ---- Rhei, aa gr. x; ---- Gambogiae gr. xx; ---- Ipecacuanhae, Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, aa gr. x; Syrupi q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xl. Signa.—Dose from one to three at bed-time.* * Bathing the head with cold water every morning has been very serviceable in some cases of palpitation of the heart. Bathmg the feet in cold water every morning is a good habit with persons that take cold easily. 56 POCKET FORMULARY. Dr. Massie's Anti-bilious Pill- Be.—Ext. Colocynth. Comp., Scammonii, Pulv. Aloe.s, Pilulas Hydrargyri, Pulv. ScillaJ, aa J)i; Ext. Taraxaci Qii. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxx. Signa.—Dose, two every night. They are valuable in bilious fever and inflammation of the liver. Alterative Pill. R.—Pilulae Hydrargyri gr. x; Pulv. Rhei, Soda Bicarbonatis, aa gr. xii; Syrupi Rhei Aromatic! q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xii. Signa.—These are an excellent alterative in derangement of the liver. One, twice or three times a day. Plummefs Pill. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, Antimonii Sulphureti Aurati, aa 3SS ; Guaiaci Resinae 3i; Copaibae q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas lx. Signa.—These pills were recommended by Professor Plummer m leprosy, secondary syphilis affecting the skin, gleet old ulcers, &c. &c. Anodyne Pill. R.—Ext. Opii gr. x; Antimonii Sulphureti Praecipitati gr. iii; Potassae Nitratis gr. xxiv; Syrupi q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas vii. Signa.— One at bed-time in rheumatic affections, to diminish pain and produce diaphoresis. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 57 Antispasmodic Pill. R.—Camphorae, Amnion. Carbon., aa gr. iii; Pulv. Ipecac, gr. i; Ext. Hyoscyami gr. iv ; Mucilaginis q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas iii. Signa.—One or two for a dose. Another. R.—Moschi J^ss ; Camphorae ^i; Ammoniaci Qii; Opii gr. iv. , Misce, et divide in pilulas singulas gr. iv. Signa.—The dose may be four or five in the twenty-four hours, in nervous diseases. Anti-neuralgic Pill. R.—Ext. Conii 3i; Ferri Carbonatis Pilul. 3iss. Misce, et divide in pilulas xx. Signa.—One, three times daily, in neuralgic affections or irri- tation of the spine. Composing Pill in Pulmonary Irritation. R.—Ext. Conii, Pulv. Doveri, aa gr. v. Misce, fiant pilulae ii. Signa.—To be taken at bed-time, to relieve the restlessness occasioned by pulmonary diseases, rheumatic or other local pains. Anti-dropsical Pill. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, Pulv. Scillae, aa, gr. xii; Confect. Rosae q. s. M., fiant pilulae xii. » Signa.—One, night and morning, in dropsies depending upon visceral derangements. This preparation is one of the most celebrated of the diuretics, and, where disease of the liver causes the effusion, is decidedly one of the best. When the calomel affects the mouth, it should be omitted, and the squill combined with some other diuretic. 58 POCKET FORMULARY. Another. R.—Pulv. Digitalis gr. xii; Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. vi ; Pulv. Opii gr. iv ; Confect. Rosie q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xii. . Siana —One to be taken every eight hours, in hydrothorax and ascites, when the quickness of the pulse demands the digi- talis. Anti-icteric Pill. R._Pulv. RheiQi; Saponis 3SS; Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. xii. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxiv. Signa.—Two or three to be taken at bed-time. Emetics, purges, fomentations about the stomach and liver, and exercise will seldom fail to cure jaundice when it is a simple disease; and, when complicated with dropsy, a scirrhous liver, or other chronic complaints, it is hardly to be cured by any means. Soap has been looked upon as a kind of specific. * Anti-asthmatic Pill. R.—Pulv. Scillae 3H; Pulv. Assafoetidae 3i; Misce, et divide in pilulas xxx. Signa.—Two to be taken twice or thrice a day. Useful in chronic asthma. Another. R.—Pulv. Digitalis gr. vi; ---- Scillae gr. xii; Syrupi Tolutani q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xii. Signa.—One to be taken three or four times daily, in pituitous asthma. * " When jaundice appears," says some author, " it may be reckoned a proof of the patient's being a veteran worshipper at the shrine of Bacchus. The drunkard should be taught to look into a glass, that he might spy the changes in his countenance. The first stage will present him with redness of the eyes, the second will exhibit the carbuncle nose, and the third an obstinate jaundice." APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 59 Another. R.—Pulv. Digitalis gr. v; ---- Opii gr. v. Misce, et divide in pilulas x. Signa.—One every four hours in spasmodic asthma. A tea- spoonful of Tinct. of Castor and Saffron mixed together in a cup of Valerian Tea, twice or thrice a day, is an excellent remedy for spasmodic asthma. A strong cup of coffee will sometimes give ease in an asthmatic paroxysm. In nervous asthma, antispasmodics and tonics are the most proper medi- cines. Paregoric, Peruvian Bark, Iron, bitter infusions, &c. : in short, everything that braces the nerves or abates spasms. Galvanism is the most efficacious in relieving habitual asthma, and issues have a good effect; they may be set either in the back or side, and should never be allowed to dry up. Issue? are extremely proper in most chronic diseases. Anti-hysteric Pill. R.—Camphorae, Assafoetidae, iiii 3'ii; Ext. Belladonnas ^ij ---Opii gr. x ; Syrupi q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas lxx. Signa.—One to be taken the first day, and increase one each day until six are taken daily, if necessary. Dr. Cross's Anti-cholera Pill. R.—Pulv. Opii gr. ss ad iii; Pulv. Capsici gr. ii; Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. iv ad xii. Misce, et ft. pilul. una. Signa.—Dose, one every two hours, varying according to circumstances. This is said to be good, but I should treble the quantity of opium. Anti-dysenteric Pill. R.—Pilulae Hydrargyri gr. xxiv; Pulv. Ipecac, gr. iv ; ---- Opii gr. ii vel iii. Misce, et divide in pilulas viii. Signa.—One every four, six, or eight hours. 60 POCKET FORMULARY. Astringent Pill. R.—Aluminis, Pulv. Kino, aa 3iss ; Syrup, q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas Ixx. Signa.—Erom two to eight to be taken daily, in chronic diarrhoea and chronic menorrhagia. Anti-diarrhceal Pill. R.—Pilulae Hydrargyri 3SS ; Pulv. Opii gr. xx ; Ipecacuanhas 3SS- Misce, et divide in pilulas xv. Signa.—One every six or eight hours until the discharges are arrested. Another. R.—Pulv. Opii gr. iss; Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. iii; Ipecacuanhae gr. iii. Misce, et divide in pilulas x. Signa.—One to be taken night and morning, in chronic diarrhoea. ,* Anti-syphilitic Pill. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi gr. ss ; Ext. Cinchonae gr. x ; • --- Opii gr. ss; Pulv. Glycyrrhizas q. s. Ut fiant pilulae ii. Signa.—The two pills may be taken one in the morning and the other at night. Dupuytren was partial to these pills in the treatment of syphilis; their action must be closely watched. Another. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. xv ; Aquae Destillatae gtt. xxx vel xl; Confect. Rosas ^i; Pulv. Glycyrrhizae q. s. M., fiant pilulas xl. Signa.—One pill three times a day, in syphilis. As sali- vation rapidly follows the use of Calomel, its effects must be watched. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 61 Creasote Pill. R.—Creasoti gtt. x; Pulv. Glycyrrhizee, Mucilaginis aa q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xx. Signa.—Give one three times a day, in bronchitis, neuralgia, irritable stomach, hasmatemesis, &c. Anti-intermittent Fever Pill. R.—Quiniae Sulphatis gr. xvi; Mucilaginis q. s. M., fiant pilulas viii. Signa.—One to be taken every hour, in the apyrexia of inter- mittent fever, commencing eight hours before the expected chill. In fever, where the remission is short, say one, two, or three hours, give them at once, or in two doses.* Tonic Alterative Pill. R.—Pilulas Hydrargyri, Quiniaa Sulphatis, Pulv. Aloe's, aa gr. xii; Syrupi Rhei Aromatici q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas xii. Signa.—One, three times a day for a few days, after bilious intermittent fever, 'to strengthen or regulate the secretions of the liver and bowels. Anti-rheumatic Pill. R._Hyd. Chlor. Mitis, Antimon. Sulph. Aurat., aa gr. xii; Guaiaci Resinre, Colchici Ext. Acet., aa gr. xxiv. Misce, et divide in pilulas xii. Signa.—Take one three times a clay. * Dr Chapman regarded Arsenious Acid or Sulphate of Copper as superior to Quinine in chronic cases of intermittent fever, and also as respects completeness and permanency of cure. In intermittent developing itself merely on some organ, the eye or ear, for instance, or as a nervous disease, the treatment will be the same as in a normal presentation. Intermittents being blended with a more serious disease, as dysentery, should not be disregarded altogether, but only till the more urgent affection be cured. 6 62 POCKET FORMULARY. Dr. Cartwright's Anti-gout Pill. R.—Guaiac. Resin. Q ii; Pulv. Aloes 3i; ---- Camphorae ^i; Saponis Cast. 3H. Misce, et divide in pilulas xxxvi. Signa.—Two to be taken every night at bed-time. Dr. Cart- wright states that, after having been a martyr to gout, he was entirely exempted from it by the use of the above pill. (See Anti-gout Mixture.) Many have thought that they had the remedy for gout, as quacks think they have for all diseases, but there is no malady which shows the imperfections of medicine, or sets the advan- tages of temperance and exercise in a stronger light, than gout. It has been so often induced by excess of wine and idle- ness that, in every age, it has justly been styled the offspring of Bacchus. As a means of preventing gout, universal temper- ance and muscular exercise claim primary attention. This course is as old as Celsus, who strongly recommends it, and whoever will submit to it in the fullest extent may expect to reap solid and permanent advantage. Hippocrates observes that women seldom have the gout, and never before the age of forty-five. Hard drinking is particularly injurious; it brings on premature decay, and, more than any other cause, paves the way for the diseases of age before the meridian of life. Dr. Graves's Ilydragogue Cathartic Pill. R.—Pulv. Jalapae, —— Rhei, ---- Scammonii, aa gr. v; ---- Elaterii gr. ss; Bitartratis Potassae, Sulphatis Potassae, aa gss; Syrupi Zingiberis q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas iv vel vi. Signa.—Take at once. This is an excellent pill to clear the chest, relieve breathing, and diminish the dropsical effusion. Aperient or Diaphoretic Pill. R.—Hyd. Chi. Mitis, Jalapas Pulv., aa gr. xx; Ant. et Potas. Tart. gr. ii; Syrupi q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas viii. Signa.—Dose, two at bed-time; repeat in the morninff if necessary. A good anti-bilious pill (Ewell). &' APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 63 POWDERS. Cathartic Powder. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis, Pulv. Rhei, aa. gr. x; ---- Ipecacuanhas gr. iii. Misce et Signa.—To be taken at once, in syrup or molasses. This is an excellent cathartic in bilious fever, &c. Another. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. v; Pulv. Jalapae, -----Rhei, aa gr. v. Misce et Signa.—To be given as the former. Another. R.—Pulv. Rhei^i; Magnesias ^ii; Olei Cinnamomi gtt. i. Misce et Signa.—To be given in syrup, sugar, or water. Another. R.—Potassae Bitartratis 3ii; Pulv. Jalapae 3b Misce, et divide in chartulas vi. Signa.—Give one every three hours, until they operate, in syrup of some kind. A good cathartic in dropsy. Another. g,.—Magnesias Sulphatis ^i; Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis gr. ss. Misce et Signa.—To be dissolved in six ounces of water, and taken for a dose. An excellent cathartic in inflammatory affec- tions originating from cold. Another. g.—Sulphuris Sublimati £ss ; Potassae Bitartratis %\. Misce et Signa.—Mis. in sufficient quantity of molasses, and give a teaspoonful two, three, four, or five times a day, as may be necessary, to move the bowels, to children in some diseases of the skin. 64 POCKET FORMULARY. Laxative and Alterative Powder. R.—Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. iv; Mignesias Sulphatis gr. xvi. Misce, et divide in pulveres iv. Signa.—Give one in syrup every six or eight hours, until they operate. This is a most excellent powder to move the bowels in advanced stages of fevers. Astringent Powder. R.—Aluminis gr. v; Pulv. Opii gr. i; Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis gr. i. Misce in pulverem i. Signa.—To be given in syrup—blackberry, if convenient:— every six or eight hours, in dysentery with bloody mucous dis- charges. As soon as bile is discovered in the operations, the calomel may be omitted. Another. R.—Plumbi Acetatis gr. ii; Pulv. Opii gr. i. Misce in pulverem i. Signa.—Give one every half hour, in profuse flooding. In hemoptysis and other hemorrhages, give according to circum- stances. Emetic Powder. R.—Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis gr. i; Pulv. Ipecacuanhas Qi. Fiat pulvis. Signa.—To be taken in a wineglassful of sweetened water. An active emetic. A milder one of the same. R.—Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis gr. iss ; Pulv. Ipecacuanhae gr. xv. Misce, et divide in pulveres iv. Signa .—One to be taken every ten or twenty minutes, in warm water, until vomiting is excited. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 65 Febrifuge Powder. R.—Ipecacuanhas gr. xii; Potassae Nitratis gii. Misce, et divide in chartulas xii. Signa.—One to be taken every two or three hours (Ewell). Stimulant Diaphoretic Powder. R.—Pulv. Guaiaci Resinas, Potassae Nitratis, aa gi; Pulv. Ipecacuanhas gr. ii. Fiat pulvis in chartulas sex dividendus. Signa.—One to be taken every three hours in syrup or mo- lasses. A good remedy in rheumatism and gout, after suffi- cient depletion. Refrigerant Diaphoretic and Alterative Powder. R.—Potassae Nitratis 3i; Antimonii et Potassae Tartratis gr. i; Hydrarg. Chloridi Mitis gr. vi. Misce, et in chartulas sex divide. Signa.—One to be taken every two hours in syrup or mo- lasses. Used in bilious fevers. Anti-rheumatic Powder. R.—Sulphuris 3H; Pulv. Guaiaci Resin., ---- Radic. Colchici, aa Qi. Misce, et divide in chart, viii. Signa.—Give one every four hours, until the bowels are tho- roughly moved. After this, one may be used night and morning. Astringent and Alterative Powder. R.—Hydrarg. Chloridi Mitis gr. i; Plumbi Acetatis gr. ss. M., et div. in chartulas iv. Signa.—One every three hours, in cholera infantum. The above dose is adapted to any age between ten and twenty months. (Dr. T. D. Mitchell.) 6* 66 POCKET FORMULARY. Laxative and Antacid Powder. R.—Pulv. Rhei gr. x; Magnesias Carbonatis 3SS. Misce et Signa.—To be taken in syrup or molasses. Used in diarrhoea and dyspepsia, &c. Tonic Powder. R.—Pulv. Cinchonae 3a ; Ferri Subcarbonatis, Pulv. Zingiber., aa 2>ii. M., et div. in chartulas xii. Signa.—One to be taken three times daily in syrup. Excel- lent in relaxed states of the system, chronic chills, &c. Substitute for Dover's Powder. R.—Morphias Sulphatis gr. ii; Pulveris Glycyrrhizas, Cretos Preparatas, Camphoras, aa Qii. Misce et Signa.—This compound may be used in all cases in which Dover's Powder is employed. Dose, ten grains, con- taining the sixth of a grain of Morphia. MIXTURES. Twining's Cathartic Spleen Mixture. R.—Pulv. Jalap., ---- Rhei, ---- Colombas, ---- Zingiberis, Potassas Bitartratis, aa 3i; Ferri Sulphatis Qss; Tinct. Sennas ^iv; Aquae Menthae Pip. ^x. Misce et Signa.—Give one ounce and a half for an adult, at 6 A. M., to be repeated at 11 A. M., daily. This is an excellent purgative tonic in engorgement of the spleen. Cup, and apply a sinapism, if necessary.* * Costiveness is generally a forerunner of the disease, and in many cases seems to have been the principal exciting cause. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 61 Aperient Mixture. R.—Sennas ^i; Aquae Bullientis Oj. Infuse for half an hour, and add:— Magnesias Sulphatis 53s; Tinct. Sennas Compositas ^i. Signa.—Three tablespoonfuls to be taken every two or three hours, until it operates, in cases of obstinate costiveness or colic. A laxative clyster will be necessary, if a speedy evacua- tion be required. Laxative Absorbent Mixture. R.—Magnesias Carbonatis 3i; Pulv. Rhei gr. x; Aquae Dest. 3iii; Aquae Cinnamomi, Syrupi Simplicis, aa, 51. Misce et Signa.—A tablespoonful may be taken for a dose, and repeated three times a day, if necessary. To a young child, half a spoonful will be sufficient. As most diseases of infants are accompanied with acidity, this mixture may be given with a view either to correct these, or to open the bowels. Another. R.—Magnesiae Carbonatis gss; ---------Sulphatis 3iii; Tinct. Rhei gss; -----Hyoscyami 3SS ; Aquae Menthae Pip. giv. Misce et Signa.—A tablespoonful to ber taken two or three times a day. This is an excellent remedy for nervous consti- pated persons. Another. ]J.—Magnesias Carbonatis 3'i; Pulv. Rhei gr. x ; Tinct. Opii gtt. vi; -----Menthae Piperitas gtt. vi; Aquae Dest. 5ii. . Misce et Signa.—A teaspoonful to be given every two or three hours, until it operates, in cases of gripes and flatulence affecting children. 68 POCKET FORMULARY. Dr. Dewees's Anti-colic Mixture. R.—Magnesias Carbonatis 3SS ; Tincturas Assafoetidae gtt. lx; --------Opii gtt. xx ; Sacchari Albi 3i; Aquae Destillatas gi. Misce et Signa.—Twenty-five drops to be given to an infant of two to four weeks old, in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c* Anti-diarrhceal Mixture. R.—Copaibae, Spts. iEther. Nitrici, aa 3V; Ferri Liquor. Nitrat. 3iii; Tr. Opii^ss; Sacch. Albi, Acacias Pulv., aa^ss; Aq. Cinnam. q. s. ut fiant §viii. Signa.—Dose for an adult, one tablespoonful three times a day. This is excellent in some cases of chronic diarrhoea. Anti-diarrhceal Mixture for Infants. R.—Magnes. Sulphatis 3i; Tinct. Rhei gii; Aquae Carui gvii. Misce et Signa.—Take a teaspoonful every six hours. This is an excellent remedy when the evacuations are abundant but fecal, and unattended with tenesmus. Another. R.— 01. Ricini 3i ; Pulv. Acac. £)i; Syrup. Simp, ^i; Tinct. Opii gtt. iv; Aquae Aurant. Flor. gvii. Misce et Signa.—Give a teaspoonful every four hours. In in- flammatory diarrhoea, if there is no great irritability of stomach, I think highly of the above mixture. Tenesmus is treated by Laudanum and Mucilage enema. * If the patient makes a noise with his teeth, particularly when asleep, the existence of worms in the stomach may be suspected. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 69 Anti-diarrhceal Mixture. R.—Argent. Nitrat. Crystall. gr. \; Aqua Destill. gii; Pulv. Acac. ^ii; Sacch. Albi gii. Misce et Signa.—A teaspoonful of this mixture is to be given every two hours, in advanced and obstinate cases of diarrhoea occurring in children, especially in newly-weaned infants. Dr. Massie's Anti-diarrhceal Mixture. R.—Cretae Preparatae 3ii; Sacchari Albi, Pulv. Acacias, aa q. s.; Olei Cinnamomi gtt. iii; Tinct. Opii 3i; -----Kino 3d; ----- Catechu 3i; Aquae Destillatae §iv. Misce et Signa.—Give a tablespoonful every two hours to cor- rect the secretions, when the diarrhoea is the result of acid generated in the primae viae. Dr. Hun's Anti-diarrhceal Mixture. R.—Olei Cajuputi, ----Caryophylli, ----Menthae Piperitas, ----Anisi, a,a §i; Alcohol giv. . Misce et Signa.—Dose, from one to two drachms in hot brandy and water or syrup. This will afford the most speedy relief in diarrhoea accompanied with pain. Astringent Anti-diarrhozal Mixture. £._Tinct. Catechu gi; -----Opii |ss; -----Camphorae §ss; .----~ Myrrhae §ss; .-----Capsicigss. Misce et Signa.—From one to two teaspoonfuls for adults; U to 24 drops to children one year old. It should not be given until the discharges have been sufficient to empty the bowels completely In most cases of mere looseness, a teaspoontul 70 POCKET FORMULARY. given, in a warm glass of water, three times, will be sufficient to effect a cure. People predisposed to pulmonary consumption are very sub- ject to diarrhoea, and in them it generally proves very obstinate; and, when imprudently checked by astringent medicines, is generally succeeded by cough and other symptoms of incipient consumption. In such cases, we should moderate, instead of restraining it. Persons subject to diarrhoea, from changes of the weather, or when excited by mental emotions, or on any slight deviation from an accustomed mode of living, should wear flannel next the skin. Hope's Mixture. R.—Aquas Camphorae giv; Acidi Nitrici gtt. iv; Tinct. Opii gtt. xl vel lx. Fiat Mistura. Signa.—Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours, in diarrhoea and dysentery. Anti-dysenteric Mixture. R.—Limonum Succi vel Aceti ^ii; Sodii Chlor. 3SS; Infus. Menthae Pip. Oss; Sacchar. Alb. q. s. Misce et Signa.—Dose, a wineglassful every two or four hours. (Ewell.) Anti-cholera Mixture. R.—Tinct. Opii 3i; Liquor. Ammonias, Tinct. Olei Menthae Piperitae, aa gss; either gtt. xxv; Tinct. Camphorae, -----Capsici, 55, 3L Misce et Signa.—Give immediately; if the patient throws it up, repeat at once. This is said to be, and doubtless is, an ex- cellent prescription in extreme cases, when the patient is cramped. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 71 Anti-hysteric Mixture. R.—Tinct. Assafoetidae 3ii; Spiritus Ammoniae Aromatici 3ii; Aquas Camphorae §vii. Misce et Signa.—Give two tablespoonfuls every three or four hours. Another. R.—Tinct. Carui !|ss ; Aquas Camphorae ^v; Spiritus iEtheris Compos. 3i; Tinct. Opii, -----Lavandulae, aa gtt. xxx. Misce et Signa.—Give two tablespoonfuls three times a day. Another. £.—Spt.^Ether. Compos., Tinct. Valerianae, 5a §i; Misce et Signa—A. teaspoonful for a dose, with a wineglass of water, pro re nata, shaking the phial each time. Anti-asthmatic Mixture. £.—Misturas Ammoniaci giv; Syrupi Scillas giii; Vini Antimonii gtt. lx ; ----Aceti 5ss. Misce et Signa.—Give two tablespoonfuls often, or when either the cough or shortness of breath is troublesome. (See Anti- asthmatic Pill.) Another. R.—Galbani 3H; Aceti Scillae, Aquae Foeniculi, aagiiss; Liquor. Ammoniae Acetatis 3ii; Spiritus Athens Nitrici 3i; Syrupus Altheae 3SS. Misce et Signa.-Dose, three or four teaspoonfuls a day. In humid asthma, this is equal, if not superior, to any remedy that we know of. 72 POCKET FORMULARY. Another. R.—Vini Antimonii jjss ; Tinct. Lobelias 3iii; ----Opii Camph. !§ss. Misce et Signa.—Take a teaspoonful every hour until re- lieved.* Anti-rheumatic Mixture. R.—Tinct. Guaiac. Ammoniat. §ss; Mel. gss; Aquae Camphorae Sjvi. Misce et Signa.—Take two tablespoonfuls three or four times a day, in chronic rheumatism; rub well the affected parts with Anti-rheumatic Liniment. Another. R. —Vini Antimonii 31; Tinct. Opii gtt. lxxx ; Aquas Camphorae ^iv. Misce et Signa.—Give two tablespoonfuls twice or three times a day, as the case may require, in acute rheumatism, when the pain is very severe and skin hot.f Diaphoretic Mixture. R.—Aquae Camphorae (^v; Liquor. Ammonias Acetatis §iii; Spiritus iEtheri. Nitrici 3iii. Misce et Signa.—Give three tablespoonfuls every four or six hours, in deep-seated inflammations, particularly of the hip joint. * If the person be advanced in years, or affected with swelling of the legs, an issue or seton is improper. " The asthmatic pa- tient," says Aretssus, " loves walking in the open air with his mouth open, and is dissatisfied with the largest house, which seems too small to breathe in." t Whatever remedies are used in chronic rheumatism, it will be absolutely necessary to persevere with them for a considerable length of time, in order to obtain from them the desired advantage. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 73 Another. R.—Tinct. Opii gtt. xxv ; Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici 3i; Vini Antimonii ji; Aquae Dest. gss. Misce et Signa.—To be given at a dose pro re nata, in dropsy. Diuretic Mixture. R.—Aquae Menthae Pip. ^v ; Vini Aceti 3vi; Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici ^ ss ; Syrupi Zingiberis §iss. Misce et Signa.—Two teaspoonfuls to be taken three times a day, in obstruction of the urinary passages.* Sudorific Mixture. R.—Liquor. Ammoniae Acetatis ^iii; Ipecacuanhas gr. x; Tinct. 01. Menthae Piperitae gtt. xv; Aquae Dest. ^v. Misce et Signa.—Three tablespoonfuls to be taken every two hours, until it produces the desired effects. * A majority of cases of retention of urine arise from an enlarge- ment of the prostate gland, and, for their relief, require the use of the catheter. They demand prompt assistance, and if relief be too long delayed, the consequences are most serious. Bleeding, warm fomentations, emollient clysters,mucilaginous dr.nks, &c., are to be resorted to, according to the symptoms of the patient. The to low- ing infusion more speedily produces relief than anything lever tned. It may be thus prepared : Pour upon an ounce of the leaves of uva ursi, an ounce of gum Arabic, and half an ounce of cream of tartar a pint of boiling water. After simmering gently for five: or ten minutes stir it up that the gum may be well dissolved ; pour it on, "nd sweeten with sugar. Dose, a wineglassful three or four times a day Durin" an attack of obstruction of urine, the dose may be Sated every half hour. Dr. Vander Broeck says that large cuSg-glasses applied to the superior or eternal parts of the tWghs will, nine times in twelve, relieve retention of urine depend- ent" upon cerebral affection. 7 74 POCKET FORMULARY. - Anti-nervous Mixture. R.—Ext. Kramerias ^iss ; Aquas Camphorae ^vi; Spiritus Ammoniae Aromatici 3H ; Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi 311. Misce et Signa.—Give two tablespoonfuls three or four times a day. For general nervousness, irritability, and periodical headache, this is a very valuable remedy. Mixture for Cramp in the Stomach. R.—iEtheris gii; Sacchari Albi, Pulv. Acaciae, aa 3iss; Tinct. Opii gtt. lx ; Aquas Cinnamomi ^ii. Misce et Signa.—Give a teaspoonful every hour in cramp of the stomach. Anti-pertussis Mixture.—Mixture for Hooping Cough. R.—Tinct. Assafoetidae 3i; Ipecacuanhas gr. x; Tinct. Opii gtt. x; Aquae Dest. ^ii. Misce et Signa.—Give to a child two years old a teaspoonful every four hours, increasing ten drops for every additional year.* Brown Mixture.. R.—Pulv. Ext. Glycyrrhizas, -----Acacias, 55 3H ; Aquas Ferventis ^iv; Misce, fiat solutio et adde:— Tinct. Opii gtt. xl; Spt. iEtheris Nitrici 3i; Vini Antimonii gii. Signa.—Take one tablespoonful for a dose, pro re nata, in catarrh and common winter cough. * Croup is dangerous from the suddenness of the attack and the rapidity of its progress, and requires the most prompt and decided measures to prevent suffocation, and should not be neglected APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 75 Expectorant Mixture. R.—Syrupi Scillae ^ss; Tinct. Opii Camphoratae 3ii; Vini Antimonii gi; Pulv. Acaciae 3ss; Aquae Dest. 3 iii. Misce et Signa.—A teaspoonful every two or four hours. This is for children.* Alterative Mixture. R.—Iodinii gr. iii; Potassii Iodidi gr. vi; Aquae 3*i. Solve et Signa.—Take from six to ten drops thrice a day, in a draught of water. It is used in catarrh, phthisis, and in syphi- lis, combined with scrofula. Griffith's Myrrh Mixture. R.—Myrrhae 31; Ferri Sulphatis J^i; Potassae Carbonatis 3i; Sacchari 3ii; Aquae gvi. Fiat Mistura. Signa.—Dose, a tablespoonful, according to circumstances. Given as a tonic in phthisis. Tonic and Anti-periodic Mixture. R.—Sul. Quiniae, Salicin, aa 3i; Liq. Potas. Arsenitis 3i; Ferri Subcarb. Jjss; Aquae Font, gviii. Dissolve the Quinine and Salicin in giv of the water, by * The principal object in the treatment of pneumonia and pleurisy is to unload the vessels of the lungs by bleeding, and such remedies as are calculated to produce a determination of blood to the surface of the body ; but, if the constitution of the patient be naturally weak the extraction of blood from the chest by cupping or leeches will often prove more serviceable than general bleeding. 76 POCKET FORMULARY. means of Sulph. Acid q. s. ; then add the mineral solution and Iron. Shake well, and add the remainder of the water. Signa.— Dose for an adult, one teaspoonful three times a day. Good in chronic chills. Anti-periodic Mixture. R.—Sulphatis Quiniae gr. xx; Acidi Sulphurici gtt. i; Sacchari Albi 3i; Aquas Cinnamomi !|iiss. Misce et Signa.—A teaspoonful for a dose every hour, during the apyrexia of intermittents.* Another. R.—Liquoris Potassae Arsenitis gtt. xxx; Tinct. Opii gtt. xx ; Spiritus Lavandulae Compositi 3i; Aquae Cinnamomi ^iv. Fiat Mistura et Signa.—A tablespoonful for an adult, a tea- spoonful for a child two to four years old, every two or three hours, during the apyrexia of intermittents, watching the effects, f * How to take Quinine without tasting it? Dr. W. H. Edwards says that Quinine may be taken without tasting its bitterness by putting the salts in powder in the middle of a tablespoonful of thick mucilage of slippery elm, so as not to touch the spoon, and imme- diately swallowing it. t In the very early stage of remittent or congestive fever of the South, it may, eight times out of ten, be cut short at once by the use of Quinine, either by the mouth or rectum; but where it has degenerated, lost its paroxysmal tendency, and become seated, our object should be to husband the strength, our treatment systematic, and our remedies directed to palliate its violence until its course is run. This truth should not be forgotten, as I am certain many lives have been lost by not doing enough sometimes in the early stage, and doing too much in the advanced. Dr. Rush said disease was a lawless evil. To understand its nature it should be inspected every hour of the day and night. This is particularly true in refer- ence to typhoid fever; to be successful, we must watch its symp- toms, and accommodate our remedies to them, and not to our convenience. Remember that the cure often turns upon a remedy being used not only on a certain day, but a certain hour. Our late epidemic of yellow fever in Savannah would furnish many proofs of the truth of this remark. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 77 Alterative Mixture. R.—Tinct. Iodinii 3i; Mucilaginis Acacise §ii; Aquae Destillatas ^vi. Fiat Mislurae et Signa.—A tablespoonful every two hours, em- ployed in cases of ulceration, accompanied by purulent dis- charge from the meatus auditorius, and in the scrofulous diathesis. Anti-urticaria Mixture. R.—Quin. Sulph. gr. xii; Ammon. Carb. 31; Magnes. Carb. 3*ss; Aquae Fon. 3* viii. Fiat Mistura et Signa.—Take one tablespoonful thrice a day. Emmenagogue Mixture. R.—Tinct. Aloe's m^ss; Ferri Chloridi Tinct. 3SS; Tinct. Valerianae 3*ss. Misce et Signa.—Take a teaspoonful in Chamomile Tea two or three times a day. Imperial Mixture or Drink. R.—Potassae Bitartratis 5*ss; Aurantii Cort. §iv; Sacchari Albi^iv; Aquas Bullientis Oiii. Macera per horam in vase leviter clauso et cola. Signa.—Take a wineglassful or more, ad libitum. This is an excellent cooling laxative, diuretic and refrigerant, in febrile diseases, particularly in scarlet fever. In fact, in most cases, this is all that is necessary to give, with proper attention to the throat.* (See Gargles.) * Scarlet Fever.—All that is requisite in the treatment, in a ma- jority 0f cases, is to keep the patient in a moderate and equable temperature, to enforce a light diet, keep the throat well swabbed, the bowels opened with cooling, acidulated, gentle aperients—the imperial drink is the best (ad libitum). If the skin is hot and dry, a warm bath, every two or three hours, is a charming sedative; it moderates the fever, and disposes the patient to a calm sleep. 7* 78 ' POCKET FORMULARY. Anti-gout Mixture. R.—Tinct. Guaiac. Ammoniat. 3vi; Aquae Camphorae gvi; Tinct. Rhei gss ; ATpl 5 SS Mix, by rubbing the honey and the Guaiac up in a glass mortar, and then add the other articles by degrees. Signa.—Give two tablespoonfuls every four or six hours, and rub with the Anti-rheumatic Liniment. Anti-gonorrhoeal Mixture. R.—Copaibae, Spt. Athens Nitrici, aa, gss; Pulv. Acacias, ---- Sacch. Alb., aa £i; Spt. Lavand. Comp. 3U; Tinct. Opii 3i; Aquas Destill. giv. F.M. , , , , A tablespoonful for a dose three times a day. Sha*e before using. Another. R.—Pulv. Cubebae 3i; Aluminis 3i; Pulv. Acacias, ---- Sacchar. Alb., aa 33s; Aquae Menth. Pip. gxii. Misce et Signa.—Dose, three tablespoonfuls four times a day. Shake before using. Another. R.—Copaibae, Tinct. Cubebae, -----Catechu, Spt. iEtheris Nitrici, aa gi; Tinct. Opii Camph. 3*iss; Pulv. Acacias, ---- Sacchar. Alb., aa §ss; Aquas Menthae Pip. givss. Misce et Signa.—Take one tablespoonful two or three times a day. Shake before using. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 79 Another. R.—Copaibae, Spt. iEtheris Nitrici, Spt. Lavandul., 55 §ii; Pulv. Acaciae §i; Carb. Sodas 3U; Tinct. Opii 3ii; Spiritus Genevae (Gin) 3* viii. Misce et Signa.—Take two teaspoonfuls three times a day. Shake before using. Another. R.—Copaibae 3*i; Pulv. Acaciae 3H; ---- Sacchari 3i; Spt. iEther. Nit. giss ; Olei Terebinth. 3ii; Tinct. Opii gtt. 1; Aquae giv. Misce et Signa.—Take two teaspoonfuls three times a day. Another. R.—Copaibae 3*i; Acaciae §ss; Aquae Cinnamomi 3 ii; Syrup. 3" i; Tinct. Gentianae Comp. gss ; -----Cubebae gi; Aquae Fluvialis giss; Tinct. Lavandul. Comp. giiss. Misce et Signa.-Dose, tablespoonful three or four times a day. (Dr. Pancoast.) Chopard's Anti-gonorrheal Mixture. R.—Copaibae Resin., Alcohol., _ . Syrup. Balsam. Tolut., aa gi; Aquae Menth. Pip., Aquae Flor. Aurantii, aa 5ji; Spt. iEtheris Nitrici 3H. Misce et Signa.—-Take from two to six tablespoonfuls daily. Shake before using. 80 POCKET FORMULARY. Dr. P. F. Eve's Anli-gonorrhoeal Mixture. R.—Copaibae, Pulv. Cubebae, Pulv. Acaciae, 5a gii; Syrup. Buchu vel Uvae Ursi 3*iv; Aquas Cinnamomi Oi. Misce et Signa.—Dose, an ounce three times a day. COLLYRIA, OR EYE-WATERS. Astringent Collyria. R.—Liquoris Plumbi Acetatis gtt. xii; Vini Opii gtt. xl; Aquas Rosae 3*iv. Ft. collyrium. This should be applied with a linen rag four or five times a day. R.—Sulphatis Zinci, Acetatis Plumbi, aa gr. vi; Aquas Rosas giv. Misce.—To be filtered. To be used as the above. Collyrium of Vinegar. R.—Aceti Destillati gi; Spiritus Vini Diluti 33s; Aquae Rosas 3*viii. Fiat 3fistura.—Excellent to weak eyes, after depletion.* Collyrium of Corrosive Sublimate. R.—Hydrargyri Chlorid. Corros. gr. ii; Aquas Destillatas 3" viii. Fiat Solutio.—Good in gonorrhoeal and scrofulous ophthalmia. rruVhin^T'0^^"63? °fJthe e?e8 is not ""frequently the distin- scorn ftAlfl hC dru"ka/d> aS if ^ point him out by the finger of hath haSnnJ \WT\uh° ha^h sorrow^vho hath contentions! who eyes? say S^omn°„h^h 7k""418 whh°Ut cause> wh° has ^dness of mixed wfne! T ' £ * ' *"? at the wine> they that 6° *° **<* SLh~ a aJ Ch C3Se' H ,s best t0 take a 8tr°"g temperance pledge, and adhere to it. But when inflammation of thf eves occurs m subjects whose absorbent system is naturally delicate ffmed! the scrofulous hab.t), itwill require, in addition to the eye-waterS the treatment recommended for scrofula. waters, the APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 81 Ah Collyrium of Copper. R.—Sulphatis Cupri gr. v ; Camphorae 3i; Aquae Bullientis 3" viii. Rub the camphor with the water, then strain and add the copper. This is most excellent in the purulent form. A good application to infants.* Collyrium of Iodine. R.—Iodidi Potassii gr. xxiv; X~J> Iodinii gr. i; Aquas Rosas 3*vi. Misce, et apply three or four times a day. It may be used With benefit in scrofulous ophthalmia, and ulcerations of the cornea and conjunctiva. Collyrium of Nitrate of Silver. R.—Nitratis Argenti gr. ii; Aquae Destillatae 3"ii; Fiat solutio. At the close of acute ophthalmia. Collyrium of Alum. R.—Aquae Rosae, Aquas Destill., aa §ii; Aluminis Qi. Misce.—Used in chronic inflammation. The above recipes are intended principally for chronic sore eyes, when they remain weak and tender after the inflammation has partially subsided. In acute inflammation of the eye, bleed- ing and purgative medicines are always necessary; and, if the heat and pain be great, a poultice of bread and milk, softened with sweet oil or fresh butter, may be applied to them at least all night, and they may be bathed with lukewarm milk and * People subject to inflammatory attacks of the eyes or eyelids, should pay particular attention to the state of the digestive organs ; on any symptoms of indigestion or determination of blood to the head/they should take a cathartic. Infants born in winter are very subject to sore eyes, from the action of the cold air on them. All that is requisite in a majority of such cases, is to keep the head warm and wash the eyes with fresh rose-water. 82 POCKET FORMULARY. water, slippery-elm or sassafras-pith water. If tho inflamma- tion is slightly purulent, apply the alum cataplasm every three or four hours, and, if of long standing, a seton should be put upwards and downwards between the shoulder blades. It may be dressed twice a day with basilicon cerate. I have read of persons who had been blind for a considerable time, that re- covered sight by means of a seton placed as above. GARGLES, MOUTH-WASHES, &c. Cooling Gargle. R.—Aquas Dest. 2;vi; Potassae Nitratis 3iss; Mellis Despumati 3*i. Misce.—This is a cooling gargle, and may be used in fever for cleaning the tongue and fauces. Disculient Gargle. R.—Potassae Nitratis gi; Pulv. Acaciae 3iii; Aquae Dest. Oss. Solve et Signa.—To be used frequently for inflammatory sore throat. Detergent Gargle. R.—Infusi Salvii Oss; Mellis Despumati gi; Tinct. Myrrhae, Spiritus JEtheris Nitrici, aa gss. Misce.—This is an excellent gargle in ulcerated sore throat. Astringent Gargle. R.—Corticis Quercus Falcatas 3*ss ; Aquas Oi. Boil for a quarter of an hour, then add :— Aluminis ^ii: Vini Oporto giv. ftfST!lSiffnaTu-° he, USed eTerytwo or three h°urs in cases of relaxation or falling down of the palate. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 83 Acidulated Gargle. R.—Rosas Gallicae ^ii; Aquae Bullientis 3*vi. Fiat infusum, cola et adde:— Mellis Despumati ^i; Acidi Sulphurici Diluti gtt. xxx. Fiat Gargarysma.—For inflammation of the throat and fauces, mouth, &c. Gargle of Borax, §c. R.—Boratis Sodas 3i; Tinct. Myrrhae 3* ss; Mellis Despumati ^i; Aquas Rosas vel Dest. 3*iv. Fiat Gargarysma.—To be used as a gargle or mouth-wash, in ptyalism or scorbutic affections of the gums. Omit the Myrrh and water, and there is nothing better for the thrush in children. Gargle for Chronic Sore Throat. R.—Sulphatis Quiniae gr. xv; ---------Cupri gr. xvi; Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici 3i; Aquas ^viii. Fiat Mistura et Signa.—To be used frequently in chronic and obstinate sore throats. Muriatic Acid Gargle. R.—Infusi Cinchonae f^iv ; Mellis Despumati fji; Acidi Muriatici gtt. x vel xviii. Fiat Gargarysma.—In chronic inflammation, when the pain and swelling have been reduced by depletion. Wash of Sulphate of Copper, Sec. R._Cupri Sulphatis 3'ii; Pulveris Cinchonas gss; Aquas Destill. fgiv. Misce et Signa.—-In the gangrenous sore mouth of children, applied to the full extent of the ulceration of excoriation. 84 POCKET FORMULARY. Wash in Ptyalism. R.—Creasoti, Olei Terebinth., 55 gtt. xx; Aquas Dest. 3*iv; Pulv. Acaciae q. s. Signa.—Wash, the mouth and gums every two or three hours. OINTMENTS AND LINIMENTS. Ointment for Piles. R.—Adipis gi; Liq. Plum. Subac. gtt. xxv ; Tinct. Opii 3L Misce bene. Signa.—Anoint the parts twice a day. Another. R.—Pulv. Gallaegss; -----Hyoscyami Fol. 3*ss ; Adipis Jii. Misce bene. Signa.—Apply it to the parts every morning. Ointment for Itch. R.—Sulphuris Sublimati 3*ii; Adipis 3*iv; 01. Lavandulae 31. Fiat Unguentum.—To be rubbed on the parts affected every night, till the eruption disappears. The internal use of sulphur will, in all cases, assist its external application. Stramonium Ointment. R.—Stramonii Fob, contus., ffii; Adipis Ibiii. Let them simmer together over a gentle fire, till the leaves become crisp and dry. Then press out the lard, return it into the vessel when cleansed, and add six ounces of beeswax; set the whole on the fire, when the wax has melted, remove the vessel and strain. This ointment is excellent for external in- flammations and piles and burns; and, if colored with Red Precipitate, it is the very best for old indolent ulcers. I would advise all to make enough in the spring to do them a year. APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 85 Ointment for Blistering in half an hour. R.—Adipis partes xxxii; Olei Amyg. Dulc. partes ii; Liquoris Ammoniae Fort, partes xvii. Melt the lard, add the oil, then the ammonia, which must be strong, and keep the contents of the bottle well mixed by shaking them until cold. Iodine Ointment. R.—Iodinii gr. iii; Adipis 3ii. Fiat Unguentum.—Applied to scrofulous swellings, when the skin is unbroken. Ointment of Iodide of Zinc. R.—Zinci Iodidi 3i; Adipis gi. Fiat Unguentum.—A drachm to be rubbed on twice a day in tumors. Devergie's Ointment for Chilblain. R.—Adipis 3viiss; Creasoti gtt. x; Liquoris Subacetatis Plumbi gtt. x; Aq. Ext. Opii gr. i. Misce. Signa.—Apply to the affected parts. Ointment for Diseases of the Skin. R.—Unguenti Hydrargyri Nitratis 3iss ; Sulphuris Sublimati 3i; Adipis ^ iii. Fiat Unguentum.—This is a good application for almost all affections of the skin. Emollient Ointment. R.—Olei Palmse ftii; Olei Olivas Oi; Terebinthinae 3*iv; Ceras Flavas §vi. Melt the wax in the oils, and then add the turpentine and 8 86 POCKET FORMULARY. strain the ointment. This is a most excellent application for inflamed parts, &c. Poke-root Ointment. R.—rhytolaccae Radicis giii; Adipis Bi. Boil for a quarter of an hour and strain. This ointment has quite a reputation in Virginia, with the old ladies, for all kinds of old sores and ulcers, and it is an excellent application to in- dolent and purulent ulcers and sores. Dr. Cato's Ointment for old Sores. R.—Olei Olivas, Sevi, Terebinthinae, Ceras Flavae, aa 3"iii; Cupri Sulphatis, -----Acetatis, 55 3"i. Melt the first, second, aud fourth articles together, and then add the other ingredients, and stir until it cools. This is one of the best ointments I have ever used on old indolent ulcers and sores. Ointment of Belladonna. R.—Extracti Belladonnas 3ii; Aquae Destillatas gii; Adipis gii. Misce.—Employed by M. Chaussier, as a direct application to the neck of the uterus in case of rigidity. Ointment for Hydrocephalus. R.—Hydrargyri Iodidi partes ii; Potassii Iodidi " iii; Camphorae " ii; Adipis tt xx'xi} _ Misce et Signa.—To be rubbed on the head, in hydrocephalus in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. Liniment for Burns. R.—Olei Olivas, -----Lini, Aquae Calcis, 55 gi vel ii. Mixce bene.—This forms an excellent application for recent scalds and burns. ^ l APPROVED MEDICINES IN DAILY USE. 87 Volatile Liniment. R.—Olei Olivse, Aquae Ammoniae, 55 3L Misce.—To be applied to bruises, rheumatic parts, &c, and to the neck in inflammation of the throat. Anti-rheumatic Liniment. R.—Tinct. Opii, -----Belladonnas, Pulv. Camphone, Aquae Ammoniae, Olei Terebinthinae, —■ Sassafras, ---Origani, 55 ijii; Tinct. Capsici Oi. Misce. Creasote Liniment. R.—Creasoti gtt. x; Olei Olivas gi. Fiat Linimentum.—Used in herpes, &c. CATAPLASMS OR POULTICES. Cataplasms or poultices are modifications of fomentations. They generally consist of pulpy substances, capable of absorb- ing moisture. They are chiefly intended either to act as discutient, revulsive, or to promote suppuration. Poultices should never be heavy, nor very bulky, but they should be fre- quently repeated when used as fomentations in colic and in in- flammation of the bowels, and they should be made with a decoction of hops or poppy heads, instead of water. Mustard Cataplasm. Take of Mustard one part; Corn-meal two parts; Vinegar enough to make a cataplasm. Cataplasm of Pepper, are generally a degree or The8e02SaSd' T1'60^' Part With tbeir heat ^ore readily These facts show how absurd must be the follv of that svstern s^P^rs^o1160011841^011 aDd Sh°™S o^" whfoh ffiS some parents to expose their dear little children to the cold ^™^zeasterlywind in the ^ cthm*: preseervraTuffiainpdntqUantity+°f the Cl°theS shouldbe such as to FateTSereS,"£'iT^j'iZ""* V\* ^ "«* strength of the infant^conSutfon ^ ^ *" deUo therefore, should learn to dis- tmguish with accuracy that cry which denotes hunger, and that which proceeds from pain and other causes. It is important 8ubierrr/nP, f v1^ «° make himself painted with this subject, and not believe that it is all "guess-work, as it regards MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 109 the complaints of young children, because they can't explain anything," to use the language of Dr. Meigs. " I feel more at home in asking a child what is the matter with it than in ask- ing an adult. I can always know what is the matter with a child, for it never misleads me ; but men and women constantly mislead me, or endeavor to do so. And so they will you, my young doctor; and if you don't wish to show your credulity, which in our profession, is ignorance, you must ' keep a good look-out' for the truth." The cry of pain and suffering is variously expressed. If a child that is usually placid and cheerful gets fretful, fractious, and crying, with its fingers continually going to its mouth, this denotes toothache and pain, caused by a coming tooth press- ing against a tender and inflamed gum. If a child not accustomed to cry much, on some occasion is perpetually crying, this denotes some continued recurring pain- ful sensation somewhere. If a child cry violently loud, with frequent intervals of rest, and at the same' time drawing up its legs towards its body, it is a sign that it is suffering from disorder and pain in the bowels. If a child cry violently, as if it would go into convulsions, you may venture to say perhaps it has the earache. But, be- fore you apply the remedy, apply Dr. Meigs's diagnostical test, which is to put the pulp of your thumb on the meatus audi- torius, and suddenly press the cartilaginous tube inwards upon the ear, and, if it cry violently, you may know you are right, and direct your efforts to cure the suffering baby. If a child has pain in the head, there will be an occasional scream, short, sharp, and quick. If a child has pain in any of its joints, it will cry occasionally only, which will coincide with some spontaneous or forced mo- tion of the joint. If a child have a disease of the lungs, it will utter a peculiar cry; this will be modified by the modification of the respiratory move- ment involved in the pulmonary disease. In like manner will it tell if the pain be in the urinary bladder or lower part of the rectum. I can't describe the sound; but every doctor ought to know it, for in this way nature speaks the truth. The following observations by Dr. Meigs are so strikingly illustrative of my present purpose that, although I fear I am making my little book too large for the pocket, I cannot refrain from inserting them here : " The brain speaks, the lungs, the stomach, the bowels, the teeth, the joints, the marrow, the organs of the senses—each has a language of its own; so that the body may be compared to a great polyglot, since so many 10 110 POCKET FORMULARY. organs as it hath so many vernaculars hath it. There is a rich mine of diagnosis in the physiognomical expressions of the hu- man face, but no man can write them ; an artist may paint, but no print can print them; he that would possess the wealth of such treasures must dig for them himself in the clinical mine. One may look through the eyes down into the soul, into the most intimate life-cell, and read its expression there, because the cerebro-spinal axis and the ganglionic nerves often express their patible conditions clearly and plainly through the eyes. The whole temper of man, moral and intellectual, as well as physical, is written in legible characters upon his countenance. " There is nothing more common among men than to trust or abhor their brethren upon the faith of their physiognomical expression as to intelligence, as to probity, as to purposes. In like manner, his health and security, and his prospects as to life and death are discoverable by a glance at his face, gesture, or decubitus." INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE SICK-ROOM. Choice and Furnishing of the Sick-room.—In every case of dis- ease, however slight its nature, the sleeping apartment of the sick should be airy and well ventilated, and, if possible, large, lofty, and with a northern aspect, in order to avoid the heat of the mid-day or the afternoon sun; the windows should be capa- ble of being opened by drawing down the uppermost sash, an advantage however, which cannot always be obtained. No room should be used in cities as a sick-room, unless it has a chimney, but neither the chimney-board nor soot-board of the apartment should be put up even in summer. No article of unnecessary furniture should be permitted to remain in the room, and that which is left in it should be of a description fitted to administer to the convenience of the invalid. Two tables are sufficient—one of them may be small, the other large, for the accommodation of medicines not in im- mediate use, and also for spare glasses and other necessary articles. A sofa, if the apartment be sufficiently large to admit of it, is a very important piece of furniture in the sick-room; the erect or the sitting posture being injurious, in many dis- eases, and when the sick-bed requires to be made, a sofa affords the means of removing the patient from the bed with as little inconvenience to him as possible. If there is not space for a sofa, there should be an invalid or reclining-chair; and when circumstances will permit, it should MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. Ill be of that kind which is susceptible of a variety of changes so as to vary at pleasure the position of the ptitient. There should not generally be more than two other chairs in the room. If there be a looking-glass in the apartment, it should not be in a situation which admits of the patient's seeing himself. The washing-stand will require two additional basins, a tum- bler, and a large bucket or jug under the table, always full of water. There should be no kettle nor any implement of cooking in the sick-room, even in winter, and when a fire is required. A carpet over the floor is best; when there is no carpet the floor should be swept, never washed. An invalid may as well sleep in a swamp as in a room the floor of which is frequently washed. The French bedsteads, without curtains, are those best adapted for the sick-room. Ventilation is always of primary importance ; it is particu- larly demanded in those fevers in which miliary eruptions dis- play themselves. Under no circumstances is it so essential as in febrile diseases of an infectious kind, such as smallpox and RCflrlfit f*CV6T* Next to ventilation nothing is of more importance than the regulation of the temperature of the sick-room, avoiding both extremes of elevation or of depression; but much depends on the nature of the disease. # The best general temperature of a sick-room is 60 F., and it is preferable to regulate this rather by the thermometer than by the sensation of the patient or the nurse. So important is the regulation of the temperature, especially in fevers, that it often does more good than any other remedial measure. I have seen patients laboring under high delirium in a close, ill-ventilated room, become rapidly quite collected by merely lowering the heat of the apartment twelve or fifteen degrees. On the con- trary even a moderate depression of the usual temperature of the sick-room, in pulmonary disease, will excite coughing and augment the severity of all symptoms. The temperature is too little attended to by physicians generally. _ In convalescence the temperature of spring and autumn ought to be maintained as near as possible, at 5o to 60 F. The air of sick-chambers should be frequently renewed. Cleanliness in the sick-room is also essential, yet it may be carried so far as to become an annoyance to the invalid, and, consequently to prove injurious. It is not requisite to sweep theloom aa^ly, or to dust and to arrange the furniture every morning, provided order be preserved in the room, and nothing 112 POCKET FORMULARY. but what is immediately necessary for the comfort and conveni- ence of the invalid be permitted to remain in it. The period generally chosen for cleaning and arranging the sick-room, should be the morning, as after a night's rest the patient is more able to bear the little noise and bustle which it always more or less occasions. Some very excellent people are in the habit of neglecting this duty until the doctor rings the bell, or knocks at the door; then everything being out of place, they go to work to place them, like a chicken with its head off, first against the bedpost then over a chair, and all over the room. The doctor comes in and finds his patient confused and excited, the pulse quick, and if he is not a good judge of the pulse and countenance, so as to detect the cause of the excitement, he will perhaps bleed, and if he surmises the cause, it detains him perhaps half an hour longer than would have been necessary if the patient had not been thus excited. So you see, my young doctor, that this is all wrong. Yes, you say it is; but ask me whose business is it to correct these little errors that are attended with so much danger and inconvenience? I say it is the doctor's business; your business so far as your practice extends. You ask me then how you are to do it. I will tell you, it is the easiest thing possible. In the first place, when you are called to visit the sick, always go, and with a pure motive to do, if possible, what you have been sent for to do—to cure or relieve the suffering ; then, the first time you see anything done that is to the injury of the patient, take the friend or friends out, say in a very courteous, polite manner, that such and such things should not be done. If you see it again, tell them politely, but positively that it must not be done. If you discover it the third time, take the friends out and tell them that the patient is very ill, and for his reco- very it is important for your directions to be carried out, not only in giving the medicines at stated periods, but also in every other particular, and if it cannot be done you will be compelled to request them to relieve you and procure the ser- vices of a doctor who practices alone for money. This is best spoken in the softest and mildest tone and manner. Adopt this course, and you will have but few difficulties, and your end will be peaceful. If it should be necessary to hire a sick-nurse, it will be ex- pected from you to give some instructions on the qualifications which a nurse should possess. On this subject I shall merely say that a nurse should be not under twenty-five or over fifty years of age; strong, healthy, of good temper, obliging disposi- tion, clean and neat in her person, of sober habits, and not dis- MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 113 posed to gossip, and good-looking if possible; but a good nurse should not be refused because she is homely, although we do think good looks a recommendation anywhere, and particularly in a nurse. Nothing sinks deeper in the minds of nervous in- valids than an ugly, harsh look from the nurse. Hence doctors should advise those good, efficient, old, homely nurses that what they lack in beauty they make up in cheerfulness and winning smiles. Having arranged the sick-chamber to your notion, procure a suitable nurse, and, of course, understand the temperament, habit, idiosyncrasy and disease of your patient. His fever rises, and it becomes necessary to bleed, cup, or leech him. I ima- gine I hear some young doctor, who is yet to see his first patient, say: " Afew hints on these points, if you please." I would ad- vise the friends of that young man to give him a trial; I will vouch for his doing all he does do right. It would be well for all young physicians to remember an old but true adage: "The first impression is the most lasting." OF PHLEBOTOMY OR BLOODLETTING. The operation of bleeding being so frequently performed by planters, it is generally regarded by the public as a very trivial operation; but this is a mistake, as it is a very important opera- tion and hence many expert surgeons have almost an invincible dislike to it, while the person ignorant of the great nicety, steadi- ness, and exactness necessary, as well as its effects on the con- stitution, performs it with the greatest freedom, but not with uniform success, as is proved by the many melancholy cases of wounded tendons and punctured arteries that are met with by phvsicians, and admitted into our hospitals. P Bleeding is usually performed at the bend of the arm, and the vein selected should, if possible, be the median-cephalic that which runs from the centre of the bend towards the outer side of the arm). This vein is not only more safe and conveni- ent for opening, but the blood flows more freely from it, which, in many acute&diseases, is of great consequence; for it is a well- established fact that the speedy extraction of a few ounces of Wood is more beneficial than double the quantity taken slowly X'^ Wn?^"*"" a good light, a ligature I fllnf tineTor ribbon should be tied round the upper arm^tR/bov^Ve^ elbow, say about three fingers' breadth, 10* 114 POCKET FORMULARY. sufficiently tight to compress the veins so as to prevent the re- turn of blood, but not so tight as to prevent its passing by the brachial artery, for after the ligature is applied the pulse should continue to beat, otherwise the vein will scarcely bleed after it is opened. The arm should be extended, and if the vein does not rise well the patient should shut his hand or grasp a stick; the physician should then take the arm into his left hand, and if the vein appear loose under the skin he should place the thumb of his left hand on it about an inch and a half or two inches below the part he has fixed on to make the puncture. The lancet, being firmly held between the forefinger and thumb of the right hand, is then to be steadily introduced into the vein obliquely, and taken out by elevating the point directly upwards, so as to enlarge the puncture. When sufficient blood has been taken, the ligature is removed, the thumb placed on or just below the orifice to check the bleeding, and the wound is closed by a small compress of lint; this is secured by a band- age passed diagonally across the bend of the arm, the ends being carried around, one above the other, below the elbow, brought in front, and made to cross each other immediately over the puncture, in the form of the figure 8; they are then secured by tying them together. Bleeding may be performed, also, at the back of the wrist, at the ankle, and at the neck. The best vein to select, in the first of these situations, is that which is seen running up the arm from the back of the thumb. That in the second is the internal saphena, which is seen taking its course from the great toe along the internal border of the leg, in front of the inner ankle. The external saphena, which passes behind the outer ankle, may be opened if it appear the larger of the two, which is rarely, however, the case. The mode of opening these veins is similar to that described for the bend of the arm; but, in addition, it is usual to immerse the hand or foot in warm water to promote the bleeding. The external jugular vein, on either side of the neck, is sometimes opened in cases of apoplexy in adults, and in children when the veins at the elbow are hidden by fat. It is an operation neither dangerous nor difficult, and is performed in the following manner: The vein is to be com- pressed just above the collar-bone, either with the thumb of the operator's left hand, or by placing upon it a thick pledget of lint, &c, confined there by a bandage tied under the opposite armpit; the vein being then fixed by two fingers of the left hand, an opening is to be made in a direction rather across it, and this should be somewhat wider than is usually made in bleeding at the arm. The stream of blood may be directed into the basin MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 115 by a folded card, or other similar contrivance, to prevent its trickling down the breast; and when a sufficient quantity has been taken away, a piece of common sticking-plaster is to be placed on the orifice, and over that a pledget, which is to be kept in place by a bandage or handkerchief, wound gently round the neck. Cupping.—By the word cup, is understood a little bell-glass, three to four inches high, from which we exhaust the air, so that when applied on the skin it may cause a congestion of this mem- brane, from the pressure of the atmosphere upon the parts around the cup itself. These cups, though made of various materials, yet differ chiefly in the manner in which the air within them is exhausted; some being slightly open at the top, and fitted to re- ceive the end of a small air-pump ; others being entirely closed, and exhausted by the use of fire, applied internally in different ways. Whenever the cup is simply applied on a part, it causes a flow of blood and temporary fulness of the vessels in the skin; but when the flesh is cut after this application of the cup, the blood will flow freely from the incisions, on the exhausted cup being again placed over the part, though it could not do so previously. This mode of depletion is termed cupping, or the application of wet cups, in contra-distinction to dry cupping, or that in which the cup is applied merely to draw the blood to the surface. When it is desirable to exhaust a cup, it may be done either with the pump, by fitting it to the cup as prepared for it, applying the latter to the part perpendicularly, and then work- ing the piston once or twice as in any ordinary syringe; or by the use of fire to rarefy the air within the cup itself. With the latter view, various means have been employed; thus the air may be rarefied either by the rapid insertion of a candle or little torch, followed by the instant application of the cup to the part; or else fire may be placed in the cup and it at once put on the skin. To do this, some practitioners shake a little alcohol around the inside of the cup, pour out what flows readily, and inflame the little that adheres to the glass by a lighted piece of paper; others introduce small balls ot inflamed cotton saturated with alcohol; others simply use pieces of burn- ing paper; but the two last cause unnecessary pain, by burning the skin on which they fall. The best and neatest way of ex- hausting a cup, is the following: Cut several pieces of letter- naner slMitly glazed, into strips about one inch and a half wX' Wrap ground the end of the forefinger so that about one-third of its width shall project beyond the end of the finger and havin- thus formed a little tube, tear off the remainder of the strip and twist the part projecting beyond the finger, so as 116 POCKET FORMULARY. to close up the tube, and form a little cap like a thimble. Dip the open end of this thimble lightly into alcohol; a small por- tion will adhere to its glazed surface; touch it in a candle; throw it into the glass, and apply the latter at once to the part. The shape of the thimble is such that it will nearly always fall on its apex, or twisted end, whilst the part wet with the alcohol, or the base, will stand uppermost and sufficiently far from the skin to prevent its being burnt. Having by either of these modes exhausted a cup, allow it to remain on the surface of the part till the skin under it has become turgid, then, if blood is to be taken, cut the integuments by means of the scarificator, and reapply the cup as before : removing it when filled or half filled with blood, and again applying it, if necessary. In order to re- move the cup, introduce the nail of the fore-finger under its edge, and gently force the cup on to its side, so as to allow the air to enter. After wet cupping, the parts should be cleansed, and covered with cerate or an oiled rag. If the regular cupping apparatus, as furnished by the cut- ler, is not at hand, we may perform the operation very well by using wine-glasses or tumblers; scarifying the parts, if blood is to be taken, by rapid punctures of a thumb-lancet, bistoury, or sharp pen-knife. In using the scarificator, the operator should regulate the depth of the lancets, previous to its application, and then place it firmly in contact with the skin before touching the spring, so as to avoid the lacerated incision which will probably otherwise result from the cut of the lancet, if loosely applied. Leeching.—Leeches afford the most effectual means of ab- stracting blood locally, being often applicable to parts which, from their situation or great tenderness, would not admit of the use of cups, and, in the case of infants, are always preferable to the latter. In order to apply them with ease to any part, care should be taken to free it, by washing, from all medicaments, and by shaving from all the hair or down on the skin. If the leech is very active or hungry, it will readily attach itself to the part when thus cleansed ; but generally it is necessary to moisten the surface with a little blood, or with milk, or with sugar and water, when the leech will readily leave the vessel containing it, and attach itself to the skin. If it is desirable to attach a leech to any one point, place it in a large quill or glass tube, and put this directly on the part; when, as the animal cannot escape, it will readily adhere. But when the part is not so cir- cumscribed, it suffices to apply the edge of the cup containing them just below the point, and let them crawl on to it; or place MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 117 them under a tumbler, and, by confining their wandering, cause them to attach themselves to the portion beneath the glass. Where blood is wanted to induce them to bite, it may be readily obtained by tying a string tightly around the extremity of the finger, so as to render it turgid, and then lightly pricking it with a lancet; the blood escapes in points, and may then be smeared on the part. This operation causes no pain, unless very often repeated on the same finger. But if a part is tho- roughly cleansed from all secretions, hairs, &c, and care is taken in the preservation of the leech, it will attach itself without ne- cessitating this operation. Leeches continue to draw blood until they are gorged, when they drop off. But if it becomes necessary to remove them be- fore they are thus filled, it should be done by washing them with a little salt and water, and not by pulling them off; as this is very apt to leave the teeth in the wound, where it serves as an irritant, besides being destructive to the leech. Six American leeches are calculated to draw one ounce of blood; but as their bites frequently bleed as much as the animal itself drew, this is but an approximation to the quantity. Some persons are in the habit of cutting off the tail of the leech, in order to cause it to continue sucking for a long time, as the blood passes out as fast as swallowed; but it is a barbarous practice, and of course destructive to the utility of the animal. After the leech has come away, the bites continue to bleed, and this may often be encouraged by the application of flannels, and cloths wrung out of hot water. But if it is not desirable to take this extra amount of blood, cover their bites with a piece of linen, moisten- ed in sweet oil, or spread with fresh lard or cerate. Occasion- ally it happens, in the case of children or weakly individuals, that the after-bleeding is profuse and debilitating, and that it is absolutely necessary to arrest it at once. Various measures have, therefore, been recommended, but I have generally found under these circumstances, that it is only necessary to touch each bite with a sharp-pointed piece of lunar caustic, or to dry the spot thoroughly, and then apply over it a small piece of patent lint or cotton, wet with collodion. A hot needle, stitches &c have been recommended, but the above is less paimul, and more readily applied. In our large cities, where leeching is the peculiar business of a class of individuals, there is generally no difficulty in their employment; but with the country practitioner it is different, as he must preserve and apply tnero himself, and this is found to be a very onerous duty Let it, however, be recollected, that their application is sometimes a matter of ab- solute necessity; that, as above shown, it is simple, and two 118 POCKET FORMULARY. of the objections to their use are removed. Their preservation is then the only point of difficulty, and this may be obviated by a slight attention to the habits of the animal. The leech, when gorged, remains inactive or unfit for use for several weeks, and is also liable to disease, by which numbers are lost. All that is necessary to guard against this, is perfect rest in a vessel of fresh water; in a few weeks they will again be fit for use. The preservation of them by the following rules is easy, and always insures a supply: Never squeeze them to cause them to dis- gorge, it brings on disease. Place them in clean water, and change it frequently. Then, in order to keep them in health and ready for use, place them in a cool place, and arrange a mixture of moss, turf, and fragments of wood at the bottom of the vessel containing them, laying a few stones on the pieces to keep them in position. Place in it, also, a piece of wood or earthenware filled with small holes, so that the leech may keep up its natural habits, and by drawing itself through the holes in the board or through the moss, sticks, or stones, free itself from the secretion of slime found on its body, which otherwise becomes the cause of disease. By changing the water occasion- ally, and keeping the trough, tub, or jar, covered with a piece of muslin, in a cellar, any practitioner can always have a supply of these useful animals at his command. Let it be recollected, however, that those which have been used are to be kept sepa- rate from the others for about two months, when they may be replaced in the trough till again called for. THE MEANS OF FUMIGATING INFECTED CHAMBERS, ETC., AND PREVENTING THE PROGRESS OF CONTA- GIOUS DISEASES. The Nitrous Fumigation, in the form of Gas.—The gas or vapor is obtained by pouring one ounce of sulphuric acid upon two ounces of the nitrate of potash, in a large tea-cup placed in a basin containing hot water; the gas required will be imme- diately disengaged. This quantity will be sufficient for a small apartment, and may be used in a sick-room, provided it be placed at some dis- tance from the patient. If the room be large, two cups should be used ; and, if intended to fumigate a whole house, several should be placed in various parts, closing the doors and windows for half an hour. The chloride of lime and soda are also powerful disinfecting MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 119 agents, almost instantaneously destroying every bad smell, and all effluvia arising from animal or vegetable decomposition, and effectually preventing their deleterious influence. Directions for the Use of the Chloride of Lime.—To a pound of. the chloride of lime add four gallons of water; stir the mixture well; and, after allowing it to settle for a short time, pour off the clear solution, and keep it in well-corked bottles. In large towns and cities suffering from infectious or conta- gious disorders, it is strongly recommended to sprinkle the rooms morning and evening with the mixture, and to place some of it in shallow dishes or basins in the different rooms, particularly the bedrooms. In typhus or putrid fevers, infectious complaints, &c, the mixture should be sprinkled about the room and bed-linen occa- sionally, the usual precaution for renewing the air of the room being equally attended to. A wineglassful added to the water of a night-chair or bed-pan will prevent any smell. The effluvia from drains, sewers, cesspools, &c, will be de- stroyed by pouring into them a quart of the mixture added to a pailful of water, and repeating the operation until the smell CC2LSGS. Water in cisterns may be purified, and all the animalculae de- stroyed, by putting into it a small quantity of the pure liquid, say about one pint to one hundred gallons of water- Bugs may be destroyed by well washing the joints of bed- steads' and all crevices with the pure liquid. Stables and slaughter-houses may be purified by the same VVDictions for the Use of the Chloride of Soda.-This prepara- tion will retain its properties for a considerable time, if kept from the light in a glass bottle well stopped ; and, when used, it must be mixed in the proportion of one ounce or two large spoonfuls to each pint of water. The use of this mixture is regulated by precisely the same rules as are given for that pre- pared with the chloride of lime. It has been most successfully apnlied in the following cases, viz., carbuncles, hospital gan- Se ill-conditioned ulcers, ulcerated sore-throats and fetid Sscharges of every description. The proportions to be used varv according to the state of the disease. Generally, it is best to commence with one part of the soda to eight of water Fre- quen^petUirns of a weak solution are more effectual than the stronger mixtures. 120 POCKET FORMULARY. OF DIET. Diet consists in that course of eating and drinking which every man employs for the support of life, and varies therefore with every individual in a certain degree, according to taste and circumstances. It is not an easy matter to ascertain the exact quantity of food proper for every age, sex, and constitution, or the exact proportion of animal and vegetable nourishment which is most conducive to health. This cannot, perhaps, be fully ascertained; but we may admit, as a general rule, that two- thirds or three-fourths of vegetable to one-third or fourth of animal food is the most proper. Three meals in a day are as many as nature requires, and certainly as much as the stomach can properly digest. Dinner ought to form the chief of these. Hearty suppers, particularly of meat, in which some people indulge themselves previously to their retiring to rest, are highly prejudicial to health, hence the old adage— " Great suppers a very great evil we call; That your sleep may be sound let your supper be small." Of Diet under Disease.—If it be necessary to pay attention to diet in health, as all will admit, it is certainly still more so under disease; therefore we will give the form suited to the different stages:— Low or Fever Diet may consist of panada gruel; milk thickened with arrowroot; plain bread pudding; arrowroot; tapioca; jellies; rice; milk; chicken or veal tea. Drink barley-water, acidulated with lemon or orange whey ; imperial drink ; thin gruel; balm, eage, or mint tea. Restorative or Convalescent Diet.—Rice or bread pudding; hartshorn, isinglass, or calves'-feet jelly ; fresh oysters or shell- fish ; veal, fowl, rabbit, and lamb. Drink genuine porter; port or claret wiDe with water; weak pure brandy and water. Generous or Full Diet.—Rice or bread pudding; broth; soup; oyster and shell-fish; veal, lamb, mutton, beef, pork, &c; jelly of hartshorn, calves'-feet, or isinglass: meat soup, with vegetables. Drink porter; sherry, port, or claret wine; or brandy diluted with water, if necessary. OF DRINK. Drink, as is well known to all, is that supply of liquid which the body requires to repair its fluid parts, and the necessity of MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 121 this supply, as well as its quantity, are both pointed out by a certain feeling which the want of it excites, named thirst. Therefore you perceive, from the purpose that drink is naturally designed to serve, the liquid composing it should be of the sim- plest and most diluent kind; hence water is the drink of all animals, and also of man in his natural state. But, along with refinement, this part of aliment, as well as food, has changed the simplicity of its nature ; it has become impregnated with a variety of foreign matters, which stimulate and disorder the system, and thus, instead of answering the original intention of nature as a pure elementary fluid in allaying thirst, it is formed only to please the palate and to create a desire for the enjoy- ment of it beyond what either nature requires or reason ap- proves. Drinking is indispensably necessary to the support of animal life. The use of it, however, like that of food, requires certain regulations, and we are more apt to exceed in the pro- portion of drink than of food. There are many people, how- ever, who scarcely ever drink except at meals, the time when water or dilution is least necessary, as its immoderate indulg- ence at meals dilutes the gastric juice, and thereby retards, instead of hastening, digestion, and makes the food pass off quickly. Hence the mass of blood is thinned by it, and general debility ensues, distinguished by universal relaxation and too copious a discharge of different excretions; so it will be per- ceived that excess in drinking as well as eating should be avoided. A glass of cold water early in the morning is the best tonic; it will give vigor and tone to the stomach, and prepare it for the approaching meal. It will remove any viscid phlegm which may be collected in it, and which may vitiate the appetite for the morning repast, much better than a glass of the distilled spirits of the country. At first, this cold water beverage may be disagreeable; but, if continued for a few mornings, it will prove a refreshing and agreeable relish. I have known many feeble persons to become strong by the use of this natural beve- rage prepared by God to nourish and invigorate his creatures. There are, however, many cases of indigestion or atonic dyspep- sia in which a teaspoonful or two of brandy, added to half a glass of water, and drunk immediately after dinner, will be of great benefit We should be careful not to continue the brandy too tone lest we augment the disease, instead of relieving it as the continued use of spirits disorders the stomach by its chemical action on the internal coat, thereby producing a vitiated secre- tion of the gastric juice, the effect of which is indigestion, the very disease we are endeavoring to cure. 11 122 POCKET FORMULARY. The prevalency of indigestion with ladies, particularly in the South, may be justly attributed to inactive life and to error in diet; but with the men and the slaves of the same section it is more frequently produced by the excessive use of spirituous liquors and tobacco. The best treatment in such cases is cold water in the place of liquor, and poplar bark in the place of tobacco, the juice to be swallowed. I have known many cases cured by this treatment. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Biscuit Jelly. White Biscuit four ounces ; Water four pints ; boil down one- half ; strain; evaporate to one pint. Add White Sugar q. s.; Wine four ounces; Cinnamon Water one drachm. In debility of the digestive organs. Hartshorn Jelly. Hartshorn Shavings one ounce; Water four pints; boil to two pints ; strain. Warm again ; add Orange Juice an ounce; White Sugar six ounces or q. s. ; Wine five ounces. Sago Jelly. Soak Sago in water for an hour; pour it off, adding more; boil till the Sago is transparent; then add Wine and Sugar q. s. Isinglass Jelly. Isinglass two ounces; Water two pints; boil to one; strain; and add Milk one pint; White Sugar Candy one ounce. Nutri- tive. Chicken Jelly. Cut a Chicken into small pieces, bruise the bones, and put the whole into a stone jar, with a cover that will make it water- tight. Set the jar in a large kettle of boiling water, and keep it boiling for three hours; then strain off the liquid, and season it slightly with salt, pepper, and mace, or with loaf sugar and lemon-juice, according to the condition of the patient for whom it is intended. MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 123 Rice Jelly. Mix a quarter of a pound of Rice, picked and washed, with half a pound of Sugar, and just sufficient Water to cover it. Boil till it becomes a glutinous mass; then strain, and season with whatever may be thought proper. Bread Jelly. Boil a quart of Water, and suffer it to cool. Take one-third of a sixpenny loaf of Bread, slice it, pare off the crust, and toast to a light brown. Then put it into the water, place it on not coals in a covered pan, and boil it gently till you find it dissolved by straining through a cloth, and set it away for use. When it is to be taken, warm a teacupful, sweeten it with sugar, and add a little grated lemon-peel. Arrowroot Jelly. Mix three tablespoonfuls of best Bermuda Arrowroot in a tea- cup of water quite smooth, cover it, and let it stand a quarter of an hour. Put the yellow peel of a Lemon into a pint ot wa- ter, and boil to one-half. Then take out the Lemon-peel and pour in the dissolved Arrowroot, while the water is still boiling; add sufficient White Sugar to sweeten it well, and let it boi to- gether for five or six minutes. It may be sweetened, if thought necessary, with two teaspoonfuls of Wine and some grated Nut- meg It may be boiled in milk instead of water, or in wine and water, according to the condition of the patient. Port Wine Jelly. Melt an ounce of Isinglass in a little warm water ; stir it into a pint of Port Wine, adding two ounces of Sugar Candy,^one ounce of Gum Arabic, and half a Nutmeg grated. Mix all well and boil it ten minutes, or till thoroughly dissolved. Then strain through muslin and cool. Tapioca Jelly. Take of Tapioca two spoonfuls; Water one pint; boil gently for an hour oPr until it assumes a jelly-like appearance Add for an hour or . h L juice to 8Ult the taste and Sugar Wine and Numeg w j fe hin the Ta_ SiTSE iftSSg 2 to steep L five or six hours, chang- ingthe water three times, then proceed as before. 124 POCKET FORMULARY. Sago. Wash in two or three waters, and let it soak for two or three hours. To a teacupful of Sago allow a quart of Water, and some of the peel of a Lemon. Simmer till all the grains look transparent. Then add Wine and Nutmeg, and boil together for a few minutes (or plain with milk). Barley Water. Wash clean some Pearl Barley, and to two ounces of Barley add one quart of Water. Add a few Raisins or some Lemon- peel and Sugar, and boil slowly till reduced one-half; then strain and sweeten. As nourishment in inflammatory diseases. Rice Water. Take of Rice two ounces, wash it well, and add two quarts of Water. Boil for an hour and a half, and then add Sugar and Nutmeg as much as may be required. To be taken ad libitum. Mixed with milk, this is an excellent diet for children. Chicken Water. Take half a Chicken divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to this half a gallon of Water, and boil for half an hour. Season with salt. Beef Tea. Take of lean Beef cut into shreds one pound; Water one quart; boil it for twenty minutes, taking off the scum as it rises. After it grows cold, strain the liquor. Essence of Beef. Take of lean Beef sliced one pound, put it into a bottle or jar closely corked. Place this in a vessel of cold water and boil for an hour or more. Then decant and skim the liquid. Chicken tea may be made in the same way. Very nourishing and palat- able. Liebig's Soup. To prepare this broth, half a pound of the flesh of a recently killed animal (beef, or the flesh of a fowl) is chopped fine, and well mixed with a pound and an eighth of distilled Water, to MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 125 which four drops of pure Muriatic Acid, and from half to a drachm of Common Salt, have been added. After an hour, the whole is thrown on a common hair sieve, and the fluid is allowed to run off without pressure. The first portion, which is turbid, is poured back, until the fluid runs off quite clear. On to the fleshy residue in the sieve half a pound of distilled water is thrown in small portions. In this way a pound of fluid (cold extract of meat) is obtained, of a red color, and an agreeable taste of broth. The sick are allowed to drink a cupful cold at pleasure. It must not be heated, as it then becomes turbid, and deposits a thick coagulum of animal albumen and haematin. Wine Whey. Boil a pint of Milk, and when boiling add a large wineglass of Sherry or Madeira Wine. Let it boil again, and then remove it from the fire, and let it stand a few minutes. Then remove the curd, pour the whey into a bowl, and sweeten it. Rennet Whey. Wash a small bit of Rennet about two inches square in cold water to remove the salt. Put it into a teacup, and pour on lukewarm water enough to cover it. Let it stand all night and in the morning stir Rennet Water into a quart of warm Milk; cover it, and set it near the fire till a firm curd is formed. Pour off the whey, and it will be found a very cooling and palatable drink. Corn-Meal Gruel. Take of Corn Meal one handful; Water two quarts; boil it till only one quart remains ; then strain off the liquor, and sea- son £ to the palate with salt, sugar, and nutmeg, to which may be added a spoonful or two of wine. Rice Gruel. Take of ground Rice one ounce; Cinnamon one drachm; Water two pints. Boil for forty minutes, adding the^Cinnamon near^conclusion. Strain and sweeten, and add Wine, if necessary. Rice Milk. Take a large teacupful of Rice, washed nicely: Water one nt Boil Sor about half an hour, then add a quart of new pint 11* 126 POCKET FORMULARY. Milk. Let it simmer over a slow fire till it is sufficiently done, and then add to it a little Sugar and Nutmeg. Rice Caudle. When the water boils, pour into it some grated Rice mixed with a little cold water; when of a proper consistence, add Sugar, Lemon-peel and Cinnamon, and a glass of Brandy to a quart. Boil all smooth. Bran Tea. Take of fresh Wheat Bran one pint; Water three quarts. Boil down one-third, strain, and add Sugar, Honey, or Molasses, according to the taste of the patient. Lemonade. Take of fresh Lemon juice four ounces; fresh Lemon-peel half ounce; White Sugar four ounces; Boiling Water three pints. Let them stand till cold, and then strain off for use. In fevers, a little Spirits of Nitre may be added. Medicated Lemonade. Take of White Sugar one pound; Tartaric Acid quarter of an ounce ; Essence of Lemon 30 drops ; Water three quarts. Mix. Tamarind Water. Put Tamarinds into a pitcher or tumbler till it is one-third full, then fill it up with cold water; cover it, and let it infuse for a quarter of an hour or more. Molasses Posset. Put into a saucepan a pint of the best Molasses, a teaspoonful of powdered White Ginger, and a quarter of a pound of fresh 'Butter. Simmer on hot coals for half an hour, stirring fre- quently. Then stir in the juice of two Lemons, or two table- spoonfuls of Vinegar; cover the pan, and let it stand by the fire five minutes longer. Cocoa. Boil two ounces of good Cocoa in a quart of water, and, aa soon as it boils, set it on coals to simmer gently for an hour or more. To be used hot. MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE. 12T Toast Water. Toast some pieces of Bread brown (not burnt), then put them into a pitcher, and fill it up with boiling water. Let it stand till cold, then strain it and put it into a decanter. Pectoral Water. Take of common Barley and Raisins stoned, each two ounces; Liquorice Root half an ounce; Water two quarts. Boil the water first with the barley, then add the raisins, and afterwards, near the latter end of the boiling, the liquorice. The decoction then will be fully completed, when one quart only of the liquor will be left after straining. Imperial Drink. Take of Cream of Tartar one drachm; the outer rind of fresh Lemon or Orange-peel half a drachm ; Loaf Sugar one ounce; Boiling Water two pints. When they have stood in a pitcher about ten minutes, strain off the liquor. Flaxseed Tea. Take of Flaxseed one ounce; White Sugar one ounce and a half; Lemon-juice two tablespoonfuls; Boiling Water two pints. Infuse them in a pitcher some hours, and then strain off the liquor. An ounce of Liquorice, shaved, may sometimes be used instead of sugar. Chicken Broth. Take a middling-sized Chicken, divide it into two parts; put one-half into a saucepan with a quart of water; season with a little salt; as the scum rises take it off; then may be added a small bundle of parsley and a crust of bread. t\ hen they have boiled about three-quarters of an hour, the parsley may be taken out and the broth will be fit for use, or it may be used seasoned only with salt. Mutton broth can be made in the same way. Bread Pudding. Take of crumbs of Bread about half a pound ; new Milk about t Jee quar eTof a pint. Pour the milk boiling hot upon the bread and let it stand about an hour covered close up; then add the yolks of two eggs well beaten ; a little grated nutmeg ; 128 POCKET FORMULARY. about a spoonful of rose-water ; a little salt and sugar also, if agreeable. Beat the bread well, and mix the whole together with a spoon. Tie it then close up in a clean linen cloth, and when the water boils put it in ; boil about three-quarters of an hour, then take it out, lay it upon a plate, and pour over it some melted butter, mixed with a little mountain wine, if there be no objection, and sprinkle a little sugar over all. This is a good convalescent diet. Rice Pudding. Wash and pick some Rice; throw among it some Pimento finely powdered, but not much; tie the Rice in a cloth, and leave room for it to swell. Boil it in a quantity of water for an hour or two. When done, eat it with butter and sugar, or milk. Put lemon-peel, if you please. It is very good without spice, and eaten with salt and butter. Or swell the rice with a very little milk over the fire; then add some more mijk, an egg, sugar, allspice, and lemon-peel. Bake in a deep dish. Custard Pudding. Mix by degrees a pint of good Milk with a large spoonful of Flour, the yolks of four Eggs, and a little pounded Cinnamon. Butter a basin that will exactly hold it, pour the batter in, and tie a floured cloth over. Put it in boiling water over the fire, and turn it about a few minutes to prevent the egg going to one side. Half an hour will boil it. PART IV. MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS, The following table is intended to embrace a variety of tables containing much valuable information to the practitioner, and affording at a glance much that might otherwise require hours of research. POISONS. We present the following table of poisons under two general heads: First, the corrosive, or those which act specifically on the coats of the stomach and intestinal canal; and second, the sedative, or those which destroy life by depriving the nervous system of that power by which the great functions of animal life are carried on and sustained. This division is the most natural, as not only the effect of each class upon the system is entirely dissimilar, but the treatment requisite to be had is of a distinct and marked character. The strong Mine- ral Acids. Nitric Acid. Muriatic Acid. Sulphuric Acid. Oxalic Acid. Corrosive Poisons. ANTIDOTES AND TREATMENT. Magnesia, Chalk, Whiting, in milk or water; mucilaginous or soapy liquid, in large quantities. When Sulphuric Acid has been taken, the use of much water will be improper. _ . Stomach-pump ; mechanical irritation ot the fauces; Magnesia, Chalk, Whiting, in small quantities of liquid ; Muriate of Lime, diluted. 130 POCKET FORMULARY. The strong Alka- lies. Ammonia. Potassa. Soda. Lime. Creasote. Antimony, Salts of. Tartar Emetic. Butter of Anti- mony. Baryta. Barii Chloridum. Copper, Salts of. Acetate. Carbonate. Nitrate. Sulphate. Gold, Salts of. Silver, Salts of. Nitrate (Lunar Caustic). Tin, Salts of. Chloride (Dyer's Liquid). Iron, Salts of. Lead, Salts of. Zinc, Salts of. Mercury, Salts of. Bichloride (Cor- rosive S.), Bicyanide. Iodide. Nitrate. Nitre. Phosphorus. ANTIDOTBS AND TREATMENT. Stomach-pump; emetics, diluents, de- mulcents, Olive Oil, diluted Vinegar, Lemon- juice, or Citric Acid, ad libitum. Albumen; white of eggs ; milk; wheat flower. Astringent infusions, as of Galls, Oak Bark, Peruvian Bark, Columbo, Kino, Cate- chu, or Green Tea, very strong, with co- pious draughts of warm water. Alkaline Sulphates (Epsom or Glauber Salts), in solution ; stomach-pump. Demulcents ; Albumen, as milk or whites of eggs in solution ; flour and water. Vine- gar must be avoided. Sulphate of Iron, with a free use of mucilaginous drinks. Chloride of Sodium (common salt) in large quantity of water ; stomach-pump. Stomach-pump; emetics, diluents, de- mulcents, milk, or four whites of eggs. Carbonate of Soda, with mucilaginous drinks. Sulphate of Magnesia (Epsom Salts), or diluted Sulphuric Acid. Diluents; Carbonate of Soda, with de- mulcents, milk, albumen. Albumen, as whites of eggs, in large quantity ; flour and water; milk. Warm demulcents ; Magnesia; stomach- pump. MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. 131 Gaseous Poisons. Carbonic Acid. Sulphuretted Hy- drogen. Carburetted Hy- drogen. Alcohol, or Spirit- uous Liquors. Opium. Morphia, &c. Hydrocyanic Acid. Oil of Bitter Al- monds. Oil and Water of Wild Cherry- Laurel. Aconitum - Napel- lus (Aconite). Atropa-Belladonna (Deadly Night- shade). ConiumMaculatum (Spotted Hem- lock). Colchicum. Digitalis. Helleborus Niger (Black Helle- bore). Stramonium. Sedative Poisons. The open air. Asphyxia must be treated by copious effusions of cold water to the head and face, if the surface is warm, and bloodletting; mechanical excitement of re- spiration by manipulating the thorax and abdomen; feet in hot water and friction to the chest. An emetic should be given, followed by copious draughts of warm water; congestion of the brain and other symptoms to be treated on general principles. As the best prophylactic to this poison, we would suggest the temperance pledge rigidly conformed to. Stomach-pump ; emetics, as Tartar Eme- tic, Sulphate of Copper or Zinc; external excitation; keep in motion; mechanical excitement of respiration ; cold affusion to the head and face ; feet in hot water ; elec- tro-magnetism ; internal stimulants; Am- monia, coffee, vegetable acids. Same as in Opium. Mixed Oxides of Iron, obtained by precipitating solution of green Sulphate with Potash. Same as in Hydrocyanic Acid. The same. The general treatment in poisoning by the other simple narcotics and acrid nar- cotics in this list is the same as in Opium. Emetics, stomach-pump, followed by the administration of purgatives. No antidote can be relied upon; but, as Tannin decom- poses these alkaloids, the free use of decoo- tion or infusions containing it may be given with advantage. (In poisoning from Digitalis, the recum- bent posture, to prevent syncope.) 132 POCKET FORMULARY. Sedative Poisons—continued. Tobacco, Veratrum, &c. Nux Vomica. Strychnia. Points necessary to be observed in investigating cases of Poisoning. When a practitioner is called to a case of poisoning, it is his duty not only to make every effort to save life, but to observe and note down every circumstance which may tend to detect the perpetrator of the crime. The following are the principal points which demand the attention of a medical jurist, in all cases of suspected poisoning, with respect to Symptoms. 1. The time of their occurrence ; their nature. 2. The exact period at which they were observed to take place; after a meal, or after food or medicine had been taken. 3. The order of their occurrence. 4. Whether there was any remission or intermission in their progress, or whether they continued becoming more and more aggravated until death. 5. Whether the patient had labored under any previous ill- ness. 6. Whether the symptoms were observed to recur more vio- lently after a particular meal, or after taking any particular kind of food or medicine. 7. Whether the patient has vomited; the vomited matters, if any, especially those first ejected, to be procured; their color noted, as well as their quantity. 8. If none be procurable, and the vomiting has taken place on the dress, furniture, or floor of the room, then a portion of the clothing, or carpet may be cut out and reserved for analysis. 9. Endeavor to ascertain the nature of all the different arti- cles of food or medicine last taken. 10. Ascertain the nature of all different articles of food used at a meal. 11. Any suspected articles of food, as well as the vomited matter, to be sealed up in a proper vessel and reserved for analysis. 12. Note down in their own words all explanations voluntarily Veg. Astringents; Conium; Ether; Chlo- roform. MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. 133 made by parties present, or who are supposed to be concerned in the suspected poisoning. 13. Whether more than one person partook of the food or medicine; if so, whether all these persons were affected, and how. 14. Whether the same kind of food or medicine had been taken before by the patient or other persons without ill effects following. In the event of the death of the patient, it will be necessary for a practitioner to note down— 15. The exact time of death, and thus determine how long a period the person has survived after having been first attacked with the symptoms. 16. Observe the attitude and position of the body. 17. Observe the state of the dress. 18. Observe all surrounding objects. Any bottles, papers, packets, weapons, or spilled liquids lying about should be col- lected and preserved. . , . -, -, v. In the event of a post-mortem examination being ordered by a coroner— 19. Note the external appearance of the body, whether tne surface be livid or pallid. 20 Note the state of countenance. 21. Note all marks of violence on the person, or discomposure of the dress, marks of blood, &c. 22. If found dead, when was the deceased last seen living, or known to have been alive. , . 23. Note all circumstances leading to a suspicion of suicide or murder. Inspection of the body:— . 24. Observe the state of the abdominal viscera. 25 If the stomach and intestines be found inflamed, the seat of inflammation should be exactly specified, also all marks of ulceration, effusion of blood, corrosion, or perforation 26The contents of the stomach should be collected in a clean vessel • their color, odor, and nature specified 27 The content^ of the duodenum should be separately col- 16 28d'0bserve the state of the large intestines, especially the r6C2q "The state of the larynx, fauces, and oesophagus, whether there be m these parts any marks of inflammation or corrosion^ 30 Note all morbid changes in the thoracic viscera and the brain. 12 184 POCKET FORMULARY. HINTS TO DYSPEPTICS. The following articles had generally better be avoided by dys- peptics:— Cream, N ew bread, Hot rolls, Fat bacon, Green tea, Buns, Sweet biscuits, Rich soups, Pork, Beef, Veal, Ham, Mashed potatoes, Sausages, Stuffing of meats, Ditto of poultry and game, Smoked beef, Salt meat, Peas, suet, &c, Marrow puddings, Fried fish, Boiled salmon, Mackerel, Shrimp and other sauces, Sprats, Eels, Cheese, Pastry in all its shapes, Salads, Raw vegetables, Cucumbers, « Radishes, Lettuces, Nuts, walnuts, Cocoanuts, Almonds and filberts. A person in health may partake of every one. This array of "forbidden fruit" is only for "invalids." As to quantity, every person should regulate that by his feelings ; he ought to know when he has eaten enough; it is impossible for a physician to say how much in general is requisite for every individual, for our appetite and capacities vary every day. We can say this much, however, that more maladies are created by over-feeding than under-feeding, and that a majority of us consume more than there is really any occasion for. Every man in search of health should reflect for himself. TABLE Of Articles of Diet, with the time required for their Digestion. Articles. Rice Sago . Tapioca Barley . Milk . -Ditto . *Tripe . Venison steak Turkey How Dressed. Time of Digestion h. m. Boiled 1 0 n 1 45 it 2 0 << 2 0 tt 2 0 Raw 2 15 Boiled 1 0 Broiled 1 35 Roasted or boiled 2 30 MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. 135 Articles. *Goose *Pig, sucking Lamb . Chicken *Eggs . Ditto . * Ditto . *Custard ^Salmon Ovsters *Ditto . Beef . Beef steak *Pork steak *Ditto, fat and lean *Ditto, recently salted Mutton Ditto -Veal . *Ditto, cutlets Fowls . . . * Ducks *Butter *Cheese, old strong *Soup, beef, vegetables, *Soup, bean ' Ditto, barley Ditto, mutton Chicken soup * Hashed meat, and ve< * Sausages, fresh * Heart, animal *Beans Bread . Dumpling, apple Apples . *Parsnips *Carrots *Turnips Potatoes *Cabbage ■etables How Dressed. Roasted Hard boiled Soft Fried Baked Boiled Raw Stewed Roast Broiled Roasted Boiled Roasted Broiled or boiled Broiled Fried Boiled Roasted Melted Raw & bread Boiled Warmed Boiled Roasted Boiled Baked Boiled Raw Boiled Time of Digestion b. m. 2 30 2 30 2 30 45 30 0 30 45 30 55 30 30 0 15 15 30 15 0 0 30 0 0 30 30 0 0 30 30 0 30 20 0 30 30 0 50 30 15 30 30 30 2 3 3 3 2 1 o 2 3 3 3 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 1 3 3 2 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 Those articles in the above Table marked *, should be avoid- 136 POCKET FORMULARY. ed, or eaten very sparingly by the invalid, for it does not follow that that which is the more readily soluble is the most suitable to a morbidly sensitive stomach. This list is founded upon ex- periments made on small quantities. Of course, the more there be taken the more time is required on account of the process of digestion occasioned by the absolute irritation from the dis- tension of the stomach. As far as my experience is concerned, I would rather have the reader rely upon his own judgment for his guide, than the time stated on the outer margin, as the time varies with the health and seasons, and with perfect or imper- fect mastication. MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. 131 TABLE Of Physicians. Made out by Dn. C. A. Lee, from the Census o/1850. Number of Ratio of Number of States. Physicians. Population. physicians to population. inhabitants to square miles. Maine . . . | 659 583,169 854 12.5 New Hampshire 623 317,976 510 39.6 Vermont . . . 663 314,120 473 39.26 Massachusetts . 1,643 994,514 605 137.17 Rhode Island . 217 146,545 679 122.95 Connecticut. 560 370,792 662 78.06 New York . . 5,060 3,097,394 612 67.33 New Jersey . . 608 489,555 801 71.46 Pennsylvania 4,071 2,311,786 570 49.19 Delaware . . 114 91,532 838 43.17 Maryland 990 583,034 588 53.00 Dist. of Columbia 104 51,687 496 1033.74 Virginia . . . 2,163 1,421,661 657 23.17 North Carolina . 1,083 869,039 802 19.1 South Carolina . 905 668,507 738 23.87 Georgia . . . 1,295 906,185 699 15.62 Florida . . 135 87,445 647 1.48 Alabama . 1,264 771,623 610 15.21 Mississippi 1,217 606,526 498 12.86 Louisiana 912 517,762 567 12.52 Texas . . 616 212,592 346 0.65 Arkansas 449 209,897 465 4.02 Tennessee 1,523 1,002,717 658 22.79 Kentucky 1,818 982,407 540 26.07 Ohio . . 4,263 1,980,329 464 49.55 Michigan 854 397,654 465 7.07 Indiana . 2,170 988,416 455 29.24 Illinois 1,402 851,470 607 15.37 Missouri . 1,351 682,044 504 10.49 Iowa . 542 192,214 354 3.77 Wisconsin 581 305,391 525 5.66 California 626 92,597 147 0.49 Territories Minesota . 13 6,077 467 0.04 New Mexico Oregon . Utah . . 9 45 16 61,547 13,294 11,310 6,838 295 711 0.29 0.04 0.06 Total 40,564 138 POCKET FORMULARY. The total indicates the ratio of practitioners to the whole population to be one in 511. There are more physicians in California to the inhabitants than any other State, being one in 147. And so of most of the new States. More in Georgia than South Carolina, and more in Alabama, Mississippi, Lou- isiana, and Texas, than Georgia. This will doubtless be a good lesson to many of our young professional aspirants. TABLE Exhibiting the Different Classes of Disease, as occurring each Month, for a series of Years, in the Practice of Dr. E. M. Pen- dleton, Sparta, Ga. GENERAL CLASSES OF >. i .0 DISEASE. rt 3 .a _j 3 §■' £ 5 S ■ i-s u a. < >. c 1-5 > o S5 O 0 Digestive . 35 51 53 106 117 88 100 106 111 1101 50 46 97 Respiratory 35 53 49 57 3« 24 34 21 i 2^ 65 100 51 55 Brain and nerves 17 21 16 20 24 18 20 21 18 14 15 12 21 Osseous 8 12 19 10 19 22 23 21 17 9 9 17i 186 Urinary 4 5 11 12 11 11 11 9 e 14 3 10, 107 Visual 4 3 5 5 4 7 3 2 2 o 1 3 43 Cutaneous 6 1 2 13 7 4 7 9 i 4 9 12 82 Articular . S 8 8 6 6 7 8 7 4 6 3 76 Female 32 25 4 52 49 37 35 50 40 35 28 31 455 Abscess 8 7 S 8 14 14 7 2(1 15 13 9 18 130 Periodic fevers . 6 4 6 9 11 8 31 68 108 70 29 6l 346 Continued fevers 6 5 6 10 13 3 0 9 7 11 3 6| 79 Kruptive fevers 7 14 7 5 C 3 4 5 8 3 4 6] 74 Injuries 6 19 10 12 12 18 17 12 14 18 16 17! 171 All others 14 11 13 16 13 11 14 17 20 12 15 13 169 Aggregate . 194 239 253 341 342 275 314 367 416 375 303 251 3,662 MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. 139 TABLE Showing the Percentage of Deaths in the cases presented in the preceding Table. Diseases. No. of Cases. Deaths. Per Cent Diarrhoea 252 1 5.5 *Gastro-enteritis ~94 5 5.3 Hepatitis 21 2 9.5 Worm fever 86 2 2.3 Dysentery 33 1 3.0 Puerperal convulsions 8 5 62.5 Uterine hemorrhage 18 3 16.2 Metritis . 13 2 15.3 Dentition 43 2 4.6 Phrenitis 5 2 40.0 Scarlatina 3 1 33.3 Organic diseases of lies irt 4 3 75.0 Intermittent fever . 209 0 0 Colic 107 0 0 Dyspepsia 81 0 0 Pneumonia 44 6 13.6 Phthisis pulmonalis 8 1 87.5 Bronchitis . 49 2 4.0 Hooping-cough 22 2 9.0 Croup 14 1 7.1 Delirium tremens . 5 1 20.0 Common continued fei rer 31 4 12.9 Inflammatory fever 48 3 6.2 Influenza 186 0 1.1 Bilious fever . 119 0 0 Inflammation of bladde r . 6 1 16.6 Tetanus 2 1 50.0 Catarrhal fever 90 3 3.3 Rubeola 25 0 0 Erysipelas 16 0 0 * This includes gastr itis, enteritis, and gastro-enteritis proper. 140 POCKET FORMULARY. TABLE Exhibiting the Climate, and condition of the Atmosphere for the two Years of the time in which the above Practice occurred at Sparta, Ga. (Lat. 33° 17' 30" N., Long. 50° S. W. of Washington. Elevation above the sea, 550 feet.) By E. M. Pendleton. Thermometer. | Months. Barometer 'Clear sky. Cloudv skv Rain in Mean. Range | inches. 1850. | 1 January 29.36 52.5 1 12.6 213 417 6.26 February . 29.35 49.4 14.9 255 405 4.27 March . . 29.39 55.6 13.6 217 405 7.70 April . . 29.40 63.3 15.6 205 395 5.31 May. . . 29.37 68.8 13.7 357 263 4.17 June . . 29.40 76.0 14.8 332 268 1.03 July . . . 29.38 80.5 12.6 332 288 5.23 August . . 29.38 80.5 139 370 250 3.64 September . 29.39 75.4 15.7 353 247 0.35 October . 29.40 63.2 19.4 465 155 2.48 November . 29.46 55.1 16.9 362 238 5.45 December . 29.44 51.3 12.5 198 422 7.27 29.39 64.3 14.6 3659 3653 53.26 1851. anuary 29.50 49.4 13.7 234 386 3.29 February . 29.55 44.7 15.9 237 323 4.83 darch . . 29.48 57.2 17.0 307 313 5.88 i-pril . . 29.37 62.1 14.9 287 313 8.07 day . . . 29.49 72.2 15.6 355 265 0.93 tune 29.43 77.1 13.7 284 316 6.44 ruly . . . 29.43 81.5 15.2 374 246 3.13 August . 29.45 78.5 | 11.9 273 347 4.40 eptember . 29.51 71.7 15.0 333 267 0.90 October. . 29.44 64.6 1 18.5 472 148 1.19 November . 29.42 52.0! 15.3 302 318 6.53 )ecember . 29.53 29.48 48.8 15.1 345 275 180 64.1 15.1 3803 3517 47.39 MEDICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS. 141 TABLE Showing the Difference between Minims, Drops, and Grains of vari- ous Medical Liquid Preparations of the Pharmacopoeia of the United Slates, #c.______________________________ i i Sulphuric acid -------- ether Rectified alcohol Nitric acid Acetio acid (crystallizable) Muriatic acid . Oil of vormseed -----peppermint, of aniseed } -----sweet almond, olive > -----ricinus ) —— cloves . -----cinnamon . Copaiba . Diluted alcohol Tinct. of hydriodate of potassa, can- | tharides, kino, digitalis, assafetida, ' sulphuric acid, colchicum, opium, valerian, guaiacum Tinct. (volat.) of valerian, of guaiacum -----of muriate of iron Wine (Teneriffe) . —— antiinonial .... -----of opium (Sydenham's laud.) -----of colchicum root) -----of colchicum seed J Vinegar (distilled) . ----■— of opium (black drop) ) -----— of colchicum / ------— of squill ) Water (distilled) . . • ■ -----solution of hydroeyanic acid* ______________sulphuric acid (1 to 7) ______________nitric acid ______________ammonia (strong) . _______________________ (weak) . ____________— bydriod. of potassa ________.______arscnite of potassa 30 50 46 28 40 18 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 JJ.9| a - 5 n