1859-1896 Magaime of lBsm WOMAN’S 
MEDICAL SCHOOL 
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 
(Woman’s Medical College of Chicago) 
The Institution and Its Founders 
Class Histories 
1870-1896 
CHICAGO 
H. G. CUTLER, Publisher 
1896 Copyright, 1896, 
By Marie J. Mergler. 
All Rights Reserved. 
The Blakely Printing Company, Chicago. TO THE MEMORY 
OF 
William Heath Byford 
And All Those Who Have Contributed 
to the Medical Education and 
Advancement of Women. CONTENTS. 
President’s Greeting 15 
PAGE. 
The Alumnae Association. 
Organization 17 
Byford Memorial Bust 18 
Earle Library 30 
Alumnae History 32 
Unfinished Business 32 
Constitution and By-Laws 33 
Officers of the Association (1896-97) 37 
Makers of the Alumna History 38 
History of the Northwestern University Woman’s 
Medical School. 
Founding of the School 39 
Its Own Building 42 
Faculty for 1873-74 42 
Faculty for 1877-78 44 
Another College Building... 45 
Women Admitted to Competitive Examinations 45 
The Edifice of 1890 46 
Alliance with the Northwestern University 46 
Financial Support 48 
Growth of the School and Its Present Status 49 
Practical Obstetrics 49 
Practical Gynecology 50 
Dean of the Faculty (Isaac N. Danforth) 51 
The Founders. 
William Heath Byford 54 
Miranda B. Sherwood Dyas 61 
William Godfrey Dyas 68 
Mary Harris Thompson 74 
Charles Warrington Earle 79 
8 Contents. 
9 
History of Competitive Examinations 84 
PAGE. 
Class Histories (1870-1896). 
Class of 1870-71 92 
Julia Cole Blackman 93 
Class of 1873 98 
Class of 1874 98 
Class of 1875 99 
Class of 1876 99 
Class of 1877 100 
Class of 1878 too 
Class of 1879 . 100 
Class of 1880 101 
Class of 1881 102 
Class of 1882..., 102 
Class of 1883 104 
Class of 1884 105 
Class of 1885 106 
Class of 1886 107 
Class of 1887 108 
Class of 1888 109 
Class of 1889 no 
Class of 1890 in 
Class of 1891 112 
Class of 1892 113 
Class of 1893 114 
Class of 1894 116 
Class of 1895 Ix 7 
Class of 1896 118 
Report on Hospitai Work of Alumn/e. 
Illinois (Chicago) 120 
Illinois (Outside Chicago) 12x 
lowa 122 
Indiana 122 
Massachusetts ; 122 
Ohio 122 
Minnesota 123 
Wisconsin. 123 
# 
Michigan 123 
Nebraska 123 10 
Contents. 
Report on Hospital Work of Alumnt—Continued. 
Ar zona 123 
page. 
Colorado „, 123 
California 123 
New 124 
Texas 124 
Oregon 124 
Kansas 124 
Missouri 124 
Florida 124 
Virginia .. 124 
Tennessee 124 
Foreign 124 
Summary 125 
Contributions to Medical Literature and Medical 
Science. 
Class of 1873 126 
Class of 1874 126 
Class of 1875 126 
Class of 1876 126 
Class of 1877 (No report) 127 
Class of 1878 127 
Class of 1879 127 
Class of 1880 (No report) 128 
Class of 1881 128 
Class of 1882 128 
Class of 1883.... 129 
Class of 1884 
Class of 1885 x^o 
Class of 1886 x^o 
Class of 1887 i-jo 
Class of 1888 130 
Class of 1889 x^o 
Class of 1890 x-j x 
Class of 1891 131 
Class of 1892 
Class of 1893 x^2 
Class of 1894 i-j2 
Class of 1895 xj2 
Class of 1896 x^2 Contents. 
11 
Philanthropy 133 
PAGE. 
Educational Work 135 
Missionary Workers. 
China 136 
India 141 
Persia. 143 
Korea 143 
Japan 145 
Africa 146 
Mexico 146 
Alaska 146 
Necrology 147 
Personal Index 158 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
William H. Byford (Steel) Frontispiece 
The “Little Barn” 42 
Present College Building 47 
Miranda B. Dyas 63 
William G. Dyas 69 
Mary H. Thompson 75 
Charles W. Earle (Steel) 80 
Julia C. Blackman 95 
Bound Feet (Chinese Women) 139 
Unbound Feet 139 
Emma L. K. Oliver 157 
12 INTRODUCTION. 
The appearance of this, a souvenir book of our 
school, will, we hope, prove pleasing to those most 
interested. The idea of such a publication is not new. 
Indeed, so long ago as 1892 it was voted at the annual 
meeting of that year to gather material and publish it 
in book form. The work was left with the Executive 
Committee with power to act. Sub-committees were 
also appointed. Nevertheless the work has been from 
time to time postponed, until at the annual meeting of 
1896 it was voted to push the work to completion dur- 
ing the year. 
There was abundance of material, the collecting of 
which only remained to bring the work to a finish. As 
much of the material depended upon communications 
with individual members of the Association the collect- 
ing was necessarily slow. Responses were not only 
tardy, but often incomplete, owing to what seemed a 
disinclination of our members to let the world know 
what good they were doing in their public life. This 
innate modesty prevented the mentioning of service ren- 
dered the communities they served, because no value 
was attached to the various minor though useful offices 
performed by them. 
The Committee acknowledge the debt of gratitude 
they owe Dr. Edith A. H. Fyffe, class of ’94, for the 
perseverance and energy she has shown in securing res- 
ponses from individual members, upon which is based 
much of the material for the book. If anyone is not 
noticed it is'because she has not been heard from, and 
13 14 
Introduction. 
in all notices there has been an effort to maintain sym- 
metry without destroying the individual reports. We 
sincerely hope that no one will be made to feel any 
personal slight, for none is intended. 
• The purpose of the book scarcely needs an explana- 
tion. Our Alumnae is a body of considerable size and 
strength. The instances of absolute failure in the 
practice of medicine are few and the failures in useful 
life-work are still fewer. The time, therefore, seemed 
ripe for putting these facts into some permanent form 
for the use of the members of the Association and to 
arouse among the friends of education a keener interest 
in the work of medical women. It is hoped that this 
may, at least, be partially accomplished by means of 
this little book, which aims to diffuse a knowledge of 
what the women of our Alumnae are really doing. The 
sun, in fact, scarcely sets upon our members, for they 
are found at home from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
coast and abroad in the mission fields of China, Japan, 
India, Persia, Turkey and Mexico. There is scarcely 
a state in our Union but what one or more of our num- 
ber is found at work while the Dominion of Canada 
claims four. 
Finally, to all who have contributed to the further- 
ance of the work the Committee would express their 
appreciative thanks. PRESIDENT’S GREETING. 
It gives me great pleasure, as President of the Alum- 
nae Association, to send this word of greeting. And 
for this little volume, which recounts the professional 
life of our Alumnae, we bespeak a hearty welcome from 
each. May it prove an inspiration to all who read its 
pages. But however truly we may read between the 
lines, the best facts will remain unrecorded. 
The world is broadening for us, my sisters, and we 
no longer tread the almost impossible professional path- 
way of the Motts and the Blackwells of forty years ago. 
All honor to these elder sisters, whose professional 
efficiency disarmed the prejudice of ages and compelled 
the respect of both laity and professions, until to-day 
honor and emoluments are coming to the successful 
efforts of women of ability and culture. 
But not for several decades yet will the world receive 
the best that woman has to give in the arts and pro- 
fessions, Still, those of us who begin to find occasional 
gleams of silver in our hair feel a sense of pardonable 
pride in the achievements of our classmates, and we 
are filled with hopefulness for the future of Woman in 
Medicine. 
Avis E. Smith, M. S., M.D., 
President Alumme Association, Northwestern Uni- 
versity Woman’s Medical School. 
15 THE ALUMM ASSOCIATION. 
ELIZA H. ROOT, Secretary. 
ORGANIZATION. 
The alumnae of our college were called on March 
31, 1881, to a meeting at the Palmer House, Chicago, 
for the purpose of reorganizing the association. Those 
present were: Doctors Sarah H. Stevenson and Jane 
Walton, class of ’74; Emma Nichols and Jennie E. 
Hayner, class of ’80; Mary E. Bowen, ’76, and Marie 
J. Mergler, ’79- Dr. Stevenson was elected President 
and Dr. Hayner Secretary and Treasurer, with Drs. 
Hayner and Mergler a Committee on Constitution. 
The records indicate the existence of a previous or- 
ganization, of which Dr. Augusta Kent, class of ’7l, was 
Secretary. But owing, doubtless, to the death of Dr. 
Kent, the records, with the constitution spoken of, were 
lost. The new committee consequently were obliged 
to draft another instrument, which was adopted at the 
second annual meeting, on Feb. 27, 1882. The meet- 
ing was held in the evening, and closed with a banquet 
and a deficit of $1.25, For the third annual meeting 
the association joined with the faculty of the college 
and gave its second banquet, closing with $36.07 in its, 
treasury. At this meeting plans for expending the funds 
that might accrue from the yearly collection of dues and. 
other sources were discussed. The founding of a col'- 
lege library, a scholarship or an annual prize for the 
greatest efficiency in study was carefully considered. 
A committee was appointed for the purpose of obtain- 
ing from non-resident members their views and sugges- 
tions on the subjects stated, the same to report at the 
next annual meeting. 18 
The Alumna’ Association. 
At the meeting of 1884 the committee reported the 
library ahead of the scholarship by only one vote, to- 
gether with a proposition from the faculty, which stated 
that a new building was to be erected during the follow- 
ing-year, and that college bonds, interest bearing, would 
be issued for sale. The committee recommended that 
the association proceed to found a scholarship by buy- 
ing such of these bonds as it was able until the required 
sum ($1,000) for the scholarship was procured, the in- 
terest on the bonds to be expended for appliances 
greatly needed in the school at that time. The com- 
mittee’s report was adopted, with its recommendations, 
the members being instructed to proceed with the work. 
At the annual meeting of 1885 the committee reported 
most gratifying results. Subscriptions to the fund had 
been sent in by a number of the alumnae, but the new 
building had not materialized, and there were no bonds 
awaiting our purchase. 
Here the matter rested until 1888, when the com- 
mittee were obliged to report that the building of a new 
college had been indefinitely postponed. The scholar- 
ship depending, by vote of the association, upon the 
erection of the new building, it was resolved that this 
work be also indefinitely postponed. It was also voted 
that our association “become, under the laws of Illi- 
nois, an incorporated body not for pecuniary profit.” 
The articles of incorporation were applied for and duly 
received, bearing date “April 7, 1888,” and were placed 
on record at the County Clerk’s office. 
BYFORD MEMORIAL BUST. 
The work of founding the scholarship thus being neces- 
sarily postponed, the project of creating a loan fund prov- 
ing impracticable, the Executive Committee, at one of its 
meetings, discussed the propriety of‘erecting to the The Almnnce Association. 
19 
honor of Dr. Byford some fitting monument, and sub- 
mitted the suggestion to the association at its eighth 
annual meeting, in 1888. The report was received with 
favor, and a committee was appointed to take the 
matter under advisement and report at the next annual 
meeting. A report favoring the undertaking was sub- 
mitted at the annual meeting of 1889. But a few, feel- 
ing that the raising of a sum sufficient to procure a suit- 
able work of art was too uncertain, the association voted 
to let the matter rest that year. The committee (Drs. 
Marie J. Mergler, Rosa Engert and Eliza H. Root) 
being continued, the matter was again brought up at 
an executive meeting held prior to the annual meeting 
of 1890. Different artists of recognized ability were 
interviewed and a full report was submitted at the meet- 
ing. It was so favorably received that the association 
voted not only to proceed with the work, but gave to it 
its first practical impulse by voting an appropriation of 
two hundred dollars from its treasury. This meeting 
was held on March 31, 1890, the association giving the 
matter into the hands of its committee with full power 
to act. A portrait bust in marble was decided upon, 
and Dorado Taft was secured as the artist. 
It was intended that the Doctor should know nothing 
of the movement until invited by Mr. Taft to his studio 
for a sitting. But Dr, Byford never received the in- 
vitation, for on May 21, 1890, he was stricken by the 
hand of death. Our friend, and the one man that had 
unfailing faith in the medical woman, was no more. 
Sorrow filled the heart of every member of the associa- 
tion, for each one had sat at his feet and there learned 
to pity while they learned to relieve the sufferings of 
their sex. The work, so cheerfully undertaken, of 
erecting a monument to his honor while living now be- 20 
The Alumna’ Association. 
came the sad duty of grateful and loving hearts. The 
circular letter, inviting the alumnae to participate in its 
erection, was in press at the time of the Doctor's death, 
and the following announcement was sent out with the 
letter: 
3n QYlemomm. 
While the inclosed circular letter of the 
Associate Committee was in press, our esteemed 
and honored College President, 
v. IVm, I), 23yforb, 
was called home. 
He died Wednesday morning, May 21st, 
1890, of Angina Pectoris. 
Inasmuch as he was always the true friend 
and counselor of medical women, and especially 
of the 
Graduates of the Woman’s Medical 
College, 
the erection of a suitable work of art (por- 
trait bust) to perpetuate his memory becomes 
now a sacred duty that we hope each one 
will feel bound to perform. 
E. H. Root, Sec. 
Mary A. Mixer, Pres't. The Alumnce Association. 
21 
Expressions of sorrow came from all, and with them 
funds fully sufficient so that, finished and upon its 
pedestal, the bust was unveiled, absolutely free of 
debt. 
On March 31, 1891, the bust was unveiled with 
proper ceremonies. The exercises, Dr. Mary A. Mixer 
presiding, were opened with prayer by Professor Fiske, 
a long-time friend of Dr. Byford’s. The youngest 
member of the class of ’9l, Dr, Josephine Wetmore, was 
chosen to draw the veil. Those invited to participate 
in the program were Dr. William Godfrey Dyas, Dr. 
D. R. Brower, Dr. Mary H. Thompson, and of the 
alumnae, Drs. Emma N. Wanty and Marie J. Mergler. 
Dr. Dyas sent his regrets, with expressions of esteem 
for his departed friend. Dr. Earle, our college Presi- 
dent, also sent his regrets, his absence being enforced 
by illness. 
Dr. Brower spoke of the prominent traits of an ex- 
cellent character, from which life lessons might be 
learned by all, and pointed to him as a pattern by which 
a young physician might be proud to shape his own 
character. 
Dr. Wanty said; Our good friend, our beloved Dr. 
Byford, has fought the good fight, he has finished his 
course, and with heartfelt grief we bow in submission to 
that infinite mystery whose icy fingers will in time touch 
each and every one. 
Although Dr. Byford was an author famous in more 
than one continent, was a most successful and accept- 
able teacher, yet he was preeminently a great physician. 
Dr. Byford stands forth an ideal character in his pro- 
fession. He was successful in the broadest sense. His 
practice was large and his skill was recognized across 
the ocean, while in this country his name was a house- 
hold word. He inspired in his patients their implicit 
confidence and life-long devotion. He was a light to The Alumna. Association. 
the medical profession, and was recognized as the 
highest authority in his specialty. 
The character of Dr, Byford was molded after a noble 
type. His mind was large, his views broad, and his 
impulses most kind, most generous. He seemed above 
all petty jealousies and stood upon the broadest plane 
of life. Great as Dr. Byford was, famous as he was, 
crowned as his life was, with life’s choicest blessings, 
yet he was as modest and simple as a child. He knew 
no egotism. He was so absorbed in his life work he 
never seemed to realize that his was a rounded life, an 
ideal character. His industry was phenomenal. He 
was methodical in his work and promptness itself in 
keeping appointments, which was his way of showing 
his consideration for the feelings and rights of others. 
Never during my service at his hospital did he keep a 
patient waiting, neither was he ever late in consultation. 
Dr. Byford’s work was always carefully and thor- 
oughly done. He never jumped at conclusions. His 
charity work was only limited by his other engagements, 
and he had the rare tact to make these unfortunates feel 
that they were no burden to him. I remember hearing 
one of his patients who had received much at his hands 
say: “O, Dr. Byford, what can I ever do to repay you 
for all you have done for me?” He smiled and said: 
“You may pray for me,” and added, when he saw her 
surprised look, “I mean it; almost all of my patients 
can pay me money, but few care to pray for me, and I 
need prayers as well as money, ” 
Dr, Byford was always kind and sympathetic toward 
his patients, but never familiar, and everyone who knew 
him well could not but feel that he was one of those of 
whom it could be said; “Blessed are the pure in heart, 
for they shall see God.” 
In Dr. Byford’s relations with other physicians he 
was courteous, considerate and helpful. No doubt he 
was familiar with the American code of ethics, but he 
was guided by the “Golden Rule.” Particularly was 
this true in his consultations with young practitioners. 
They felt him to be a tower of strength. The Aluntrue Association. 
We as Alumnae of the Woman’s Medical College 
mourn the death of a beloved president, an honored 
teacher, a true friend and a stanch advocate of women 
in the profession of medicine. While we can but grieve 
at our great loss, we have this for which to be thankful 
—that we have lived and studied medicine during Dr. 
Byford’s lifetime. We have had that great teacher, 
that almost perfect example of a physician for our in- 
struction, for our ideal, for months, for years. May we 
go forth into the world and do our part so faithfully and 
well that all may know that we have sat at the feet of 
a great physician and have learned of him. 
One year ago, said Dr. Mergler, the Alumnae of the 
Woman’s Medical College voted to procure a portrait 
bust of the founder of this institution, to commemorate 
his labors in behalf of the medical education of women. 
We then hoped that the bust would be completed by 
this date, and that he. himself, would honor our meet- 
ing by his presence. The new building had been 
erected. Its completion meant the realization of a 
hope which had been cherished for twenty years and 
for the end of which he had lent his time, his strength, 
his influence, under most adverse circumstances. 
How could we more fitly express our appreciation for 
his good work—-how could we as well adorn these halls? 
But ere the sculptor had been entrusted with our 
charge Dr. Byford’s work on earth was finished. 
Biographical sketches appeared in the dailies of the 
city and in the medical journals of the States. These 
sketches of his exemplary life were as interesting and 
eulogistic as the sorrow occasioned by his death was 
deep. In the memorial exercises held by the profes- 
sions, his excellence as a physician, a teacher, an au- 
thor and a friend was set forth most eloquently. 
In all of these capacities he outranked' most of his 
professional brethren, but the one in which he distin- 
guished himself above all others, the one in behalf of 
which he labored most faithfully, the only one of which 
he seemed really proud, was that of a promoter of the 
medical education of women. It is our privilege to The Alumna Association. 
speak of him in this relation. Taking up this cause 
from a sense that he was needed, year by year it took 
a stronger hold on him, until at last the ability and the 
success of the woman doctor were for him a topic of 
ever increasing interest and delight. 
We know of no parallel case in which the cause was 
taken up and promoted, by one of the opposite sex, with 
equal zeal. What he has done for her was done un- 
solicited, without ostentation and with unfaltering 
fidelity. It was done cheerfully. The only regret he 
had concerning the cause was, that it needed a cham- 
pion. He believed that every woman had an indis- 
putable right to earn an honest livelihood; that every 
woman had the right to choose her own vocation; and 
that it was not only proper for her to study and to prac- 
tice medicine, but that she was preeminently fitted for 
the vocation. 
More than one class has heard him say: “I believe it 
would be better if all women were treated by women. 
The world needs the woman doctor." His great sympa- 
thy for women has been the mainspring for the best acts 
of his life, for the sympathy of Dr. Byford was always 
a sympathy that longed to help others. 
We read the touching story of the nine-year-old boy 
who abandoned the school which he loved in order to 
assist his widowed mother to support her family. Later, 
in the early part of his professional life, the heart of this 
great man is moved to pity by the physical infirmities 
of women and the then imperfect means of relieving 
them. Impelled by a longing to relieve he makes a 
careful study of gynecology and obstetrics. His valu- 
able services in these branches, as a physician, a teacher 
and an author, soon caused the profession to regard 
him as the Reformer of the Northwest. 
Later still -his sympathy is aroused by a few brave 
women who, making an honest attempt to qualify them- 
selves for the practice of medicine, are ignominiously 
debarred of the privileges extended to men. At this 
time there was no medical college for women in Chi- 
cago. The ladies, therefore, applied to one of the The Alumna Association. 
schools for men, and were permitted to attend that term, 
but so strong were the prejudices against women that at 
the end of the term the faculty thought they could no 
longer afford to admit them. In this dilemma, at the 
risk of making himself both ridiculous and unpopular, 
our good friend comes to the rescue. He called a meet- 
ing at his office for the purpose of considering the ex- 
pediency of organizing a Woman's Medical College. 
The woman who has graduated in medicine within 
the last few years can hardly comprehend how brave a 
step this was. When the thought first came to her 
she probably sent for a catalogue of different schools, 
decided on one of them, and then pursued the curricu- 
lum unmolested, just as her brother did in a corre- 
sponding school for men. When she had completed her 
course, her position in society and in the profession was 
just like that of her brother, based on her own merits; 
her friends were justly proud of her; the profession 
treated her with courtesy, and the community afforded 
her unlimited opportunities for usefulness and emolu- 
ment. 
How different it was twenty years ago! In speaking 
of those days Dr. Byford would often say; “It was almost 
a disgrace to be seen walking on the street with a woman 
physician, to say nothing of the enormity of showing 
her a kindness. ” 
The meeting was called August 2, 1870. By the 
eight members present, among whom were Drs. Mary 
Thompson and Chas. W. Earle, “the expediency” of a 
medical school for women in Chicago was discussed. A 
committee on organization was appointed, and during 
the following winter the first course of lectures was de- 
livered. 
If it was considered at that time “almost a disgrace 
to be seen walking on the streets with a woman doctor, ” 
bur friend must have had some difficulty in securing a 
corps of teachers. A professorship in the woman’s col- 
lege was not only devoid of all emoluments, but at- 
tended with many trials—trials which were equally 
shared by pupil and teacher. There were neither funds The Alumnce Association. 
nor appliances; no condition whatever to inspire our 
ordinary instructor with zeal. 
But Dr. Byford did succeed in interesting men and 
women in his undertaking. The school was organized, 
and, with a handful of hard-working students, the little 
college held its own in spite of the Chicago fire, and the 
“little barn,” and all sorts of discouragements. Of the 
original faculty, but one remains who has stood by the 
college in all its trials—to him, next to Dr. Byford, are 
we indebted to the present success of the school. Under 
his financial management, at the expense of much time 
and hard labor, the college assumed a somewhat more 
prosperous aspect, and in 1878 it had a home of its own. 
This was a great step forward. 
Those of us who were students at the time of removal 
from the “little barn” to the new building felt as though 
we had been transferred to a palace. And indeed it 
was considered a great venture on part of the faculty, 
for the success of the school was by no means estab- 
lished. In a measure it was still an experiment. It 
was Dr. Byford’s reputation, chiefly, which sustained 
the school, and he assumed a large share of the finan- 
cial risks. 
While he knew full well that without his past efforts 
the success of the school would have been doubtful, he 
had every faith in its growth. 
And he was anxious to see the school self-sustaining. 
Aided by the untiring efforts of the faculty, and by the 
success of the alumnae, the school asserted itself by de- 
grees. The attendance increased year by year and 
very soon No. 333 South Lincoln street was altogether 
inadequate to the accommodation of its students and 
the increased facility of instruction. Plan as you would, 
sixty-three seats could not accommodate ninety stu- 
dents. Now the necessity of a commodious building 
weighed heavily upon Dr. Byford’s mind, and when the 
faculty, after many deliberations, finally voted to put 
up the present building he heaved a deep sigh of relief, 
and rising from his chair he said: “Now I feel that I 
can go. This matter has hung over me like a cloud.” The Alumnce Association. 
27 
His life-work would have seemed to him unfinished 
without a realization of this hope. Many of us remem- 
ber the delight with which he watched the progress of 
this building, and, when near its completion, how for 
weeks he looked forward to his opening lecture. This 
occasion will always be one of the pleasant memories 
of the class of 90. A member of this class spoke of it 
thus; “Never will 1 forget his words to us before begin- 
ning his first lecture in the new amphitheater. He 
entered in his usual, quiet, unassuming way, and pa- 
tiently stood until our nois}" welcome had subsided, and 
then said: ‘Ladies, my mother taught me, when a boy, 
to say the Lord’s Prayer, which says, ‘lead us not into 
temptation,' but I am very much tempted this after- 
noon to yield to temptation and to have a jubilee in- 
stead of giving you a lecture.” 
Then came a floral offering from the class, to which 
he replied with a few words of appreciation, and turn- 
ing to the arm chair, covered with smilax, he said: 
“Ladies, this is very pretty, but wholly unnecessary, 
for you know I never sit when lecturing to ladies.” 
This last remark was more than a polite phrase with 
him; it was quite in keeping with the respect he showed 
on all occasions to his students. His unbounded kind- 
ness was never marred by condescension—he trusted 
them; was always interested in their welfare; and his 
words and acts avowed that he expected them to suc- 
ceed. 
To illustrate his attitude to his students, let me 
quote some of their own words: 
To one class he said at the close of the term: “Now, 
ladies, 1 have given you the best course of lectures on 
this subject that I have ever given to any class.” 
Another graduate writes; “In his very first lecture 
he impressed his personality so strongly on my mind 
that after a lapse of fifteen years I readily recall his 
personal appearance. The page of medicine which that 
lecture wrote upon my mind has never been revised. 
My subsequent readings have but confirmed my belief 
in his pathology. But it is as a consultant that I most 28 
The Alumna Association. 
honor and reverence the memory of Dr. Byford. 
Always just, my professional reputation was safe in his 
hands. " 
Here is an incident as related by another of our 
alumnae, who says; “The kind solicitude he had for 
his students made the relation like that of a father; in- 
deed, many of the classes spoke of him as Father By- 
ford, and he, in turn, liked to speak of his girls; he often 
said he was so proud of them." 
Among his distinguished visitors there were occasion- 
ally men who had no faith in the fitness and ability of 
women as physicians. He seemed to enjoy bringing 
these to meet his class. On one occasion, he told us 
afterward, the gentleman was so impressed that he ac- 
knowledged that it had never been his privilege to hear 
such ready responses and such a thorough understand- 
ing of the subject under discussion by any class of 
medical students. 
When his strength was on the wane and he felt the 
need of lightening the burden of his arduous profes- 
sional work, he planned to lessen his engagements, but 
he was often heard'to say the Woman’s Medical Col- 
lege should be the last thing to be given up. He had 
an abiding faith in its purpose. He was ever loyal to 
it; he was proud of it; he loved it most devotedly— 
and what did he ask for all this in return ? Here are 
his own words: “When I am laid away by the side 
of those I loved, all I ask of the Alumnae of the Wo- 
man’s Medical College is honorable mention." 
May the Woman’s Medical College of Chicago ever 
hold in sacred custody this image, and may its alumnae, 
by their noble work, ever glorify its founder, for surely 
his benediction is upon them. 
Dr. Mary Thompson spoke of the man as a friend 
and support to herself in the early years of her prac- 
tice, of his unselfishness and self-denial in promoting 
the cause he so earnestly espoused. 
Dr. I. N. Danforth and Professor Fiske responded The Alumna Association. 
29 
to an invitation to speak with happy effect. Lorado 
Taft, the artist who had executed our commission, was 
called upon for a few words, his appearance and re- 
marks being the occasion for hearty applause. 
The exercises were closed by a benediction by Pro- 
fessor Fiske. All present expressed themselves pleased 
with the work, as it appeared that night in the fresh 
whiteness of the marble, surrounded with palms and 
stands of flowers. The bust is the property of the 
Alumnae Association, and we herewith transcribe a 
copy of the agreement governing its custody; 
This agreement made in the year 1891 between 
the Alumnae Association of the Woman’s Medical Col- 
lege of Chicago, 111., as party of the first part, and the 
Faculty of the Woman’s Medical College of Chicago, 
111., as party of the second part, has been entered into 
by mutual consent, to wit: The party of the first 
part, sole owners of the Byford Memorial Bust, made 
in white marble, shall place the said memorial bust in 
the college building, to be held in the care and cus- 
tody of the party of the second part; that the said 
bust shall not be removed from the college building by 
the party of the hrst part, except when the college 
shall cease to be a Regular School of Medicine for 
Women only, and when the bust shall cease to receive 
such care as it is agreed the party of the second part 
shall bestow upon it, and when it may be desirable to 
loan it to an exhibit and then for a short time only. 
The party of the second part, in consideration of the 
said Byford Memorial Bust being placed in the college 
building, as herein stated, do agree to construct a 
suitable and safe place for its custody and to bestow 
such other care upon it as may be necessary to its 
safety and preservation, the same, not to be removed 
by the party of the second part without the consent 
and knowledge of the party of the first part. It is 
ARTICLE OF AGREEMENT. The Alumna Association. 
also further agreed that the care and custody of the 
Byford Memorial Bust shall be under the direction 
and oversight of a joint committee composed of one or 
more members of equal number from each of the or- 
ganizations herein named. 
Chas. W. Earle, Pres. 
M. J. Mergler, Sec. 
~ ~ i, 
College Faculty, 
A 1 * • .. 
Alumnae Association, 
’ 
Mary A. Mixer, Pres. 
Eliza H. Root, Sec. 
Agreement ratified bv vote of the Alumnae Associa- 
O # j 
tion, Chicago, 111., in regular annual session March 30, 
1891. 
In memory of the late Professor Charles Warrington 
Earle, Dean of the Faculty, a library was founded by 
the class of 1894 and presented by it to the Alumnae 
Association at the annual meeting of that year. The 
library was to be cared for by a joint committee of the 
association and the faculty, and to have a home in the 
school building. 
EARLE LIBRARY. 
“Dr. Elizabeth Dunn, class of 1894, in behalf of her 
class and acting in place of its president, Dr. Bethena 
Coon, of Peoria, 111., who was not able to be present, 
presented the library to the association. She stated 
that two books were now in the library, and that a 
room had been procured from the faculty which had 
been fitted up for a home. The object of the library, 
she added, was to furnish books of reference for the 
students of the school and for its alumnae. In present- 
ing the key of the library room (to the president, Cath- 
erine B, Slater, of Aurora, 111.,), she further stated 
that the collection had been named the Earle Me- 
morial Library, asking that a committee of three be ap- 
pointed from the Alumnae Association to act with a 
similar committee from the faculty to care for, con- The Abimnce Association. 
31 
tinue and promote the growth of the library. It was 
then moved and seconded that Doctors Elizabeth 
Dunn, Persis White, class of 1894, and Dr. Marie J. 
Mergler, class of 1879, be appointed a committee of 
the Alumnae Association to serve jointly with a com- 
mittee of the faculty. The motion was carried and 
the committee declared elected. ”* 
This was an important measure for increasing 
the facilities for study. It was also a graceful and 
commendable step for the class to take, as the class of 
'94 was the last senior class to sit at the feet of him 
whose untimely death we all deplore. 
The growth of the library has been quite phenom- 
enal, and additional room must be made for it in the 
new buildings under advisement. It is now in posses- 
sion of a well-selected collection of books of reference, 
to which the students have free access. These vol- 
umes form the nucleus of a more complete library, to 
be augmented by gifts of money and books from our 
friends as well as purchases and exchanges made 
under the direction of the university authorities. 
Leading medical journals in the English language are 
on file, giving students an opportunity to become 
familiar with the best current literature. Gifts to the 
library have been considerable from both members of 
the faculty and of the Alumnae, but no one has given 
more generously than has Mrs. Earle. It should be 
the ambition of our Association as an organization and 
of the individual members to promote the growth of 
this library in every possible way. 
The library now contains over 200 volumes, with 25 
current periodicals. 
* Extract from alumnae records. 32 
The Alumna Association. 
ALUMNA HISTORY. 
In 1892 the proposed alumnae history was taken up. 
A prospectus, with a blank to fill out by individual 
members of the association, was sent out. The result 
was reports from about one-half of the graduates, and 
full class reports from only a few class historians. 
Committees were slow, times grew hard and the work 
was postponed. In 1893 it was voted that the book 
be postponed until 1895, that being the twenty-fifth 
year of the college’s existence; but delay again oc- 
curred. In 1896 it was voted to push the work to a 
finish. This has been done. The class of ’96 is the 
twenty-fifth graduated, and the work recorded is prac- 
tically that of the first quarter of a century lived by our 
college. 
UNFINISHED BUSINESS. 
The Scholarship stands as unfinished business that 
may well be taken up for future work. The “loan 
fund” voted still is hibernating. We have a library 
containing at present over two hundred volumes; the 
Byford memorial and committees on memorials, 
mural tablets, for Dr. F, W. Wadsworth and Dr. and 
Mrs. Dyas. For the Earle memorial, Dr. Mergler, at 
the last annual meeting, offered to furnish a portrait in 
sepia of Dr. Earle, if the sum it would cost could be 
appropriated by the association to the library for the 
purchase of books, which was voted. The Alumna. Association. 
CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. 
CONSTITUTION. 
Adopted April 21, 1885 
Article I. 
Section i.—This Society shall be known as the 
“Alumnae Association of the Woman’s Medical Col- 
lege of Chicago.” 
Sec. 2.—The objects of this Association shall be: 
To perpetuate the friendships engendered and fostered 
by the ties that unite us by reason of our common 
alma mater; to promote advancement in the medical 
education of woman; and to secure to the Woman’s 
Medical College a record of the professional history 
of its Alumnae. 
Article 11. 
Sec. 1.—Every graduate of the Woman’s Medical 
College of Chicago in good standing in the profession 
shall be considered a member of this Association. 
Article 111. 
Sec. 1.—The officers of this Society shall be: A 
President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treas- 
urer and a Necrologist. 
Sec. 2.—They shall be elected by ballot at each 
regular annual meeting of the Society and shall hold 
office until their successors have been elected, A ma- 
jority of all votes cast shall constitute an election. 
Sec. 3,—The President shall preside at all meet- 
ings of the Association and perform such other duties 
as usually pertain to the office. 
Sec. 4.—The Vice-President shall perform the duties 
of President in her absence. 
Sec. 5.—The Secretary shall keep the records of the 
Association; she shall keep a correct list of the mem- 
bers, together with their post-office addresses; she shall 
have charge of the correspondence of the Association, 34 
The Alumnce Association. 
she shall collect all moneys that may belong to the 
Association and pay the same into the treasury; she 
shall make a written report at each annual meeting of 
all financial transactions of the Society and of all cor- 
respondence pertaining to the affairs of the Associa- 
tion. 
Sec. 6.—The Treasurer shall be required to furnish 
bonds to the extent of ($200.00) two hundred dollars. 
She shall hold all funds belonging to the Association; 
she shall pay all bills authorized by written order of 
the President; she shall make a written report of all 
receipts and expenditures, together with the balance left 
in treasury, at each annual meeting. 
Sec. 7.—The Necrologist shall write an obituary of 
each member deceased, from such data as she may be 
able to obtain, the same to be read at the first subse- 
quent annual meeting of the Association, and to be 
included in its records. 
Article IV. 
Sec. 1.—Any member of the Association may be 
expelled for cause, at the recommendation of the Com- 
mittee on Membership, by a two-thirds vote of 
voting members present, at a regular meeting, due 
notice of the proposed action having been given to all 
members prior to such meeting. 
Article V. 
Sec. 1.—This Constitution may be amended at any 
regular meeting of this Association by a two-thirds 
vote of all voting members present. All proposed 
amendments must be submitted in writing. 
BY-LAWS. 
Article I. 
Sec. 1.—The regular meeting of this Association 
shall be held annually, at such time and place as 
shall be determined by the Executive Committee. The Alumnce Association. 
Due notice of time and place of each annual meeting 
shall be given to each member by the Secretary of the 
Association. 
Sec. 2.—An annual fee of one dollar ($1.00) shall 
be solicited from each member, the payment of which 
shall entitle her to hold office and to vote. 
Sec. 3.—All moneys belonging to this Association 
shall be devoted to the accomplishment of the objects 
of the Association, as the Association may direct. 
Article 11. 
Sec. 1.—There shall be an Executive Committee, 
composed of the officers of the Association. 
Sec. 2.—The Executive Committee shall have 
charge of the affairs of the Association. 
Sec. 3.—There shall be a Committee on Member- 
ships, composed of three members appointed by the 
President for a term not exceeding five years. 
Sec. 4. —lt shall be the duty of the Committee on 
Memberships to receive and investigate all Complaints 
of unprofessional or immoral conduct on the part of 
any member of this Society. 
They shall report at each annual meeting such cases 
in which the charges made have been fully substan- 
tiated; the confidence of all other communications re- 
ceived by the Committee shall be inviolate. 
Sec. 5.—There shall be a Committee on Nomina- 
tions, composed of three members appointed by the 
President. 
Sec. 5.—The Committee on Nominations shall place 
in nomination two (2) candidates for each office, to be 
balloted upon at the same regular meeting. 
Sec. 6.—Other Committees may be appointed at 
any regular meeting, for such purpose and in such 
manner as the Association may direct. 
Article 111. 
Sec. 1.—Roberts’ Rules of Order shall be consid- 
ered authority on all questions of parliamentary law. 36 
The Alumnae Association. 
The regular order of business of this Association 
shall be as follows: 
Article IV. 
1. Calling roll. 
2. Reading of minutes. 
3. Secretary’s report. 
4. Treasurer’s report. 
5. Report of Committees. 
6. Deferred business. 
7. Appointment of Committee on Nominations. 
8. President’s Address. 
9. Election of Officers. 
10. Miscellaneous business. 
11. Adjournment. 
Article V. 
These By-Laws may be amended in the same man- 
ner as the Constitution. 
AMENDMENTS. 
Adopted April 6, 1887: That Article 3 be amended 
as follows: 
Sec. 8. The Officers shall further consist of a Vice- 
President from each and every graduating class, and 
it shall be the duty of the Vice-Presidents to keep a 
list of their respective classes and report annually in 
writing. 
That Sec. 1, Article 2 of the By-Laws be amended 
to read, 
There shall be an Executive Committee composed 
of the President, Secretary, Treasurer, and three local 
voting members chosen annually by ballot. 
It shall be the duty of the Vice-Presidents to furnish 
the Secretary annually the records of their respective 
classes with its professional history as far as possible. 
Adopted March 29, 1892: That Article 3, Section 1, 
be made to read: 
The Vice-President of each class shall act as His- 
torian of her class and report annually, and perform The Alumnae Association. 
37 
such duties as pertain to her class, or other duties that 
may be required of her by the Executive Committee; 
and that she shall hold office as long as she shall be 
in good standing and shall actively perform the duties 
of the office. 
OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION. 
year i896-’97. 
President. 
Avis Smith, M.D., Kansas City, Mo. 
Alumnae Council (.Members of). 
Mary A. Mixer, M.D., Marie J. Mergler, M.D. 
Eliza H. Root, M.D. 
Vice-Presidents. 
First, Rose Willard, M.D. ; Second, Edith A. H. Fyffe, M.D. 
CLASS. 
’71—Julia C. Blackman, M.D., Geneva, 111. 
’73—Margaret E. Holland, M.D., Houston, Texas. 
’74—C. T. F. Stringer, M.D., Aurora, 111. 
’75—Edith A.Root, M.D., Denver, Col. 
’76—Margaret Caldwell, M.D., Waukesha, Wis. 
’77—Jennie Tarbox, M.D., Chicago. 
’78—Anna Ballard, M.D., Lansing, Mich. 
’79—Catherine B. Slater, M.D., Aurora, 111. 
•’80—Emma M. Nichols-Wanty, M.D., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
’Bl—H, Frances Sercomb, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis. 
’B2—S. B. Graver, M.D., Toledo, Ohio. 
’83—Sophronia Lane, M.D., Lincoln, Neb. 
’84—Elizabeth Trout, M.D., Chicago,lll. 
’85—Lydia Labaume, M.D., Aurora, 111. 
’B6—Helen Kellogg, M.D., Chicago, 111. 
’87—Rachel Hickey-Carr, M.D., Chicago, 111. 
’BB—Mary Tuttle, M.D., Burlington, lowa. 
’89—Nora Soule Davenport, M.D., Chicago, 111. 
’90—Annie White Sage, M.D., Chicago, 111. 
’91—Ada Phelps, M.D., Chicago, 111. 
’92—Frances Crane Lillie, M.D., Ann Arbor, Mich. 
’93—Lillie J. Nuckolls, M.D., Springfield, 111. 
’94—Fredericka C. Zeller, M.D., Peoria, 111. 
’95—Flora A. Read, M.D., Fond du Lac, Wis. 
’96—Josephine Young, M.D., Chicago. 38 
The Alum nee Association. 
Secretary.—Eliza H. Root, M.D., 489 W. Monroe Street, Chi- 
cago, 111. 
Treasurer.—Mary C. Hollister, M.D., Chicago. 
Necrologist.—Carrie Noble White, M.D., Urbana, 111. 
Conwiittee on Membership. —Rosa H. Engert, M.D., Chicago; 
Harriett F. Sercomb, M.D., Milwaukee; Elsie Blanck, M.D., 
Chicago. 
Executive Cotnmittee.—Marie J. Mergler, M.D., Chicago, Chair- 
man ; Avis Smith, M.D., Kansas City, Mo. ; Eliza H. Root, M.D., 
Chicago; Mary C. Hollister, M.D., Chicago; Rachel Hickey- 
Carr, M.D., Chicago; C. Agnes McMahon, M.D , Evansville, Ind. 
Wadsworth and Dy as Memorial.—E. H. Root, M.D., Chicago; 
A. S. Richards, M.D., Chicago. 
Earle Memorial Library.—M. J. Mergler, M.D. ; Elizabeth 
Dunn, M.D., Coldwater, Mich.; Persis White, M.D., Prince- 
ton, 111. 
Committee Competitive Examination.—Marie J. Mergler, M.D., 
Chicago; Mary E. Bates. M. D., Denver, Col. ; Jeanette Kearsley, 
M.D., Austin, 111. 
MAKERS OF THE ALUMN/E HISTORY. 
Avis Smith, Kansas City, President. 
Eliza H. Root, Chicago, Secretary. 
Mary C. Hollister, Chicago, Treasurer. 
Marie J. Mergler, Chicago, Acting Chairman. 
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
Rachel Hickey Carr, Chicago. 
Agnes McMahon, Chicago. 
Editors. 
Eliza H. Root. 
H. G. Cutler. 
Marie J. Mergler. 
Edith A. H. Fyffe. 
COLLABORATORS. 
Eliza H. Root. 
Mary C. Hollister. 
And Class Vice-Presidents. HISTORY OF THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 
WOMAN’S MEDICAL SCHOOL. 
MARIE J. MERGLER, M. D. 
FOUNDING OF THE SCHOOL. 
This school was organized in 1870. As in other 
institutions of the kind, there were several conditions 
which combined to call it into existence, but the strong 
desire on the part of a few women to obtain a thorough 
medical education was the mainspring in the original 
attempt which resulted in its final establishment. 
In 1852 Emily Blackwell attended one course of 
lectures in Rush Medical College; she was denied 
entrance a second year and finally graduated at a 
Cleveland institution. We have no record of all the 
circumstances of this case, but referring to this period, 
the late Professor Charles Warrington Earle said: 
“This much, however, is known: The Illinois State 
Medical Society, saturated with the then prevailing 
prejudices against female medical education, censured 
the college for admitting women to its instruction. 
* * * A few years later two female practitioners, 
educated in the East, located in this city for a short 
time, but so far as I am aware no students received 
instruction or asked for it in their office. 
“At about the same time Dr. Mary H. Thompson 
came to practice among us, and shortly afterward, by 
the generous assistance of Dr. Dyas and his public- 
spirited wife, established a Hospital for Women and 
Children. This soon became the rendezvous for the 
women of the West, who, being denied access to any 
39 40 
Woman's Medical School. 
regular college in this region, found in the clinical 
advantages of the hospital their nearest approximation 
to an institution for medical instruction.” 
Dr. Mary Thompson herself was desirous of taking 
an advanced course, and realizing that the hospital 
advantages alone would not suffice to educate regular 
practitioners, she applied to Rush Medical College for 
admission, but it was refused on the ground of “incon- 
venience.” One or two years passed by, and, as 
women still applied to the hospital for training, Dr. 
Thompson again sought admission to Rush and was 
again refused. 
In the meantime Dr. Thompson made the acquaint- 
ance of the late Professor William H. Byford, who was 
then on the faculty of the Chicago Medical College. 
Having learned of a number of women throughout the 
Northwest who desired a thorough medical education, 
he at once promised to lay the matter before his fac- 
ulty and to give it his support. Shortly before the 
opening of the term the faculty agreed to admit women, 
but in the meantime most of the applicants had gone 
East, only four remaining. These, including Dr. 
Thompson, entered the college, and at the end of the 
term the latter received a diploma. 
Referring to this time we again quote Professor 
Earle: “Although the relations of the ladies and 
gentlemen as students had always been dignified and 
respectful, the male members of the class, at the close 
of the college year, sent to the faculty a formal pro- 
test against the admission of their fair visitors, claiming 
that certain clinical material was not as ready in com- 
ing forward and that certain facts and observations of 
value were omitted from the lectures in the presence 
of a mixed class. ” Woman's Medical School. 
41 
Immediately correspondence sprang up between Pro- 
fessor Byford and Dr. Mary H. Thompson in regard 
to the founding of a new college for the exclusive educa- 
tion of women. Referring to this period we again quote 
from one of those who were interested and intimately 
associated with both the college and the Women’s 
and Children’s Hospital. Professor William Godfrey 
Dyas, in an address delivered February 27, 1879, 
speaks of its origin thus; “Thus was the college 
established. Whatever merit attaches to the project, 
whether in its inception, in its furtherance and in its 
subsequent progress, such can be claimed by none to 
the same extent as by Professor Byford.” 
A faculty composed largely of physicians connected 
with the Hospital for Women and Children was organ- 
ized under the name of Woman s Hospital Medical Col- 
lege of Chicago, and a board of trustees composed of 
ladies and gentlemen friendly to female education, em- 
bracing a number of prominent citizens, was selected. 
The first regular course of lectures was delivered in the 
building occupied by the hospital referred to, at No. 
402 North Clark Street. The session was in every 
respect a greater success than even the most sanguine 
friends of the movement had dared to hope. 
The second term was opened on the third of Octo- 
ber, in rooms which had been fitted up at Nos. 1 and 
3 North Clark Street, when the great fire of 1871 
swept away the college and all its material possessions. 
Though three-fourths of the faculty had lost their 
homes, offices and libraries, they convened on the 
tenth of October and decided that the school should 
go on. 
The students were notified and the lectures resumed 
at No. 341 West Adams Street. The hospital had 42 
Woman's Medical School. 
been reestablished at No. 600 of the same street and 
the college moved to that locality. 
ITS OWN BUILDING, 
In 1872 the school moved again. The hospital had, 
in the meantime, received 125,000 of money from the 
Relief and Aid Society in consideration of certain med- 
ical and surgical services rendered from year to year, 
and had established itself on the corner of Adams and 
Paulina Streets. On its 
rear lot there was a little 
barn, the use of which 
was kindly and gratui- 
tously granted to the fac- 
ulty. Three thousand 
dollars were expended 
in converting this build- 
ing into a comfortable 
and moderately conven- 
ient woman’s medical 
college. 
On the first floor was 
a small lecture room, 
which also served for the 
THE “LITTLE BARN.” 
purpose of library, faculty room and museum. The 
second floor was used for dissections. Although the 
accommodations were scant and facilities inadequate, 
the classes were intelligent, and many of those gradu- 
ates have obtained honorable and lucrative practice, 
bringing credit upon the institution and inducing others 
to pursue the course. 
The faculty for 1873-74, the college having at last 
an abiding place which might be called its own, was 
as follows: 
FACULTY FOR 1873-1874. Woman’s Medical School. 
William H. Byford, M. D,, M. A., President, Pro- 
fessor of Clinical Surgery of Women. 
W. Godfrey Dyas, M. D., Professor of Theory and 
Practice of Medicine. 
A. Fisher, M. D., Professor Emeritus of Surgery. 
Roswell G. Bogue, M. D., Treasurer and Professor 
of Surgery. 
T. Davis Fitch, M. D., Secretary and Professor of 
Diseases of Women. 
Eugene Marguerat, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics. 
Charles Gilman Smith, M. D., Professor of Diseases 
of Children. 
Mary H. Thompson, M. D., Professor of Hygiene 
and Clinical Obstetrics and Diseases of Women. 
S. C. Blake, M, D., Professor of Diseases of the 
Mind and Nervous System. 
G. C. Paoli, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and 
Therapeutics. 
Samuel A. McWilliams, M.D., Professor of Anatomy. 
Charles Warrington Earle, M. D., Professor of 
Physiology. 
Addison H. Foster, M. D., Professor of Surgical 
Anatomy and Operations in Surgery. 
M. Delafontaine, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry. 
Peter S. Mac Donald, M. D., Demonstrator of 
Anatomy. 
The Clinical Instructors were; William H. Byford, 
M. D., Professor of Clinical Surgery of Women at the 
Woman’s Hospital; Mary H. Thompson, M. D., Clin- 
ical Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women 
and Children at Woman’s Hospital; Roswell G. Bogue, 
M. D., Clinical Professor of Surgery for the College 
and Cook County Hospital; T, Davis Fitch, M. D., 
Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women 44 
Woman's Medical School. 
and Children for Cook County Hospital; Chas. G. 
Smith, M. D., Clinical Professor of Diseases of the 
Skin for Cook County Hospital; S. C. Blake, M. D,, 
Clinical Professor of Nervous Diseases for the College. 
Board of Trustees of the College; Erastus O. 
Havan, D. D., LL. D., Messrs. E. W. Blatchford, 
F. B. Gardner, T. M. Avery, J. T. Ryerson and Gilbert 
Hubbard, Rev. Robert Collyer, Rev. J. M, Reid, D. D., 
Rev. W. H. Ryder, D. D., Mesdames M. B. Dyas and 
T. C. Hoag and Drs. W. G. Dyas, Roswell G. Bogue, 
G. C. Paoli, T. D. Fitch, E. Marguerat and Mary H. 
Thompson. 
FACULTY FOR 1877-1878. 
During all this time the financial risks of conducting 
the school were assumed by the faculty. A number of 
the faculty, who were anxious that the school should 
afford better opportunities than could be furnished in 
the small building then occupied, were willing to ven- 
ture on what then seemed the assumption of a great 
financial risk. This, together with some differences in 
views, led to the reorganization of the faculty, which 
now (1877-78) consisted of: 
William Heath Byford, A. M., M. D., President 
and Professor of Obstetrics. 
T. Davis Fitch, M. D., Secretary and Professor of 
Gynecology. 
Charles Warrington Earle, M. D., Treasurer and 
Professor of Diseases of Children. 
Isaac Newton Danforth, M. D., Professor of Path- 
ology. 
John E. Owens, M. D., Professor of Surgery. 
Henry M. Lyman, A. M., M. D., Professor of 
Theory and Practice of Medicine. Woman's Medical School. 
45 
Daniel Roberts Brower, M. D., Professor of Materia 
Medina, Therapeutics and Nervous Diseases. 
Sarah Hackett Stevenson, M. D., Corresponding 
Secretary and Professor of Physiology. 
David Wilson Graham, A. M., M. D., Professor of 
Anatomy. 
Plymmon S. Hayes, M. D., Professor of Chemistry. 
ANOTHER COLLEGE BUILDING. 
A dwelling house, at No. 337 S. Lincoln street, 
was purchased and converted into a very complete 
college building. This building, which contained two 
amphitheaters, a comfortable dissecting room and 
fairly equipped chemical laboratory, was a vast im- 
provement on the previous accommodations, and, in- 
deed, Professor Byford took great pride in bringing to 
it his professional friends. 
WOMEN ADMITTED TO COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS. 
In the Spring of 1879 the senior class of the Wo- 
man’s College was for the first time invited to take 
part in the competitive examinations with seniors of 
the Medical College for men, for positions as internes 
in the Cook County Hospital and Insane Asylum, 
In the examination for the former position the women 
passed a very poor examination in surgery, their in- 
struction in that branch having been very rudimentary 
—but in the examination for the asylum the three 
women who applied averaged higher than the seven- 
teen men. There were three positions to be assigned 
in the asylum, and the woman who had ranked the 
highest was notified that she was entitled to the second 
position, which, however, was never given to her un- 
der the pretext that the County Commissioners would Woman's Medical School. 
not ratify the recommendation of a woman to such a 
place. 
This class now made a very energetic effort to secure 
more thorough and extensive instruction in surgery 
for future classes, although the students of the Wo- 
man’s College were told that future attempts would be 
useless—a woman would never be appointed as phy- 
sician in a public institution. 
The expressed determination on the part of the 
women to continue to compete with the other schools 
for such positions had a very salutary effect on the 
curriculum. In 1881 Dr. Mary E. Bates really obtained 
the position as interne in Cook County Hospital, and 
served her full term to the entire satisfaction of even 
prejudiced members of the staff. Since that time the 
place has been open every year, and several ladies 
have obtained the position and served the full term, 
thus proving that their sex does not debar them from a 
province once considered radically unfit for them. 
THE EDIFICE OF 1890. 
Complete as the new building seemed, the increas- 
ing size of new classes and the demand for better op- 
portunities soon necessitated the erection of the new 
edifice, which was completed in 1890. The old build- 
ing was remodeled, being used chiefly for laboratory 
and dispensary purposes, and was connected directly 
with the new one. The latter has two amphitheaters 
with a seating capacity each of one hundred and fifty, 
new laboratories and many additional conveniences. 
ALLIANCE WITH THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. 
With the change that had taken place in public sen- 
timent concerning the admission of women to higher Woman s Medical School. 
47 
institutions of learning, and with the high standing 
which the school itself had attained, it now seemed 
desirable on the part of the Northwestern University, 
as well as on the part of this school, that the two 
should become allied. Indeed this question had been 
considered from the time of the organization of 
PRESENT COLLEGE BUILDING. 
the college, and had been from time to time dis- 
cussed in the faculty meetings of both institutions; it 
now was seriously taken up, and in 1891 the college 
was made a department of the university and assumed 
the name which it now bears, “Northwestern Univer- 
sity Woman’s Medical School.” 
The announcement of 1892-93 contained the follow- 
ing paragraph: “During the year of 1891-92 the 
Woman’s Medical School of Chicago became a part of 48 
Woman's Medical School. 
the Northwestern University and is now under its con- 
trol. It will hereafter be known as ‘Northwestern 
University Woman’s Medical School.’ It is conducted 
as a regular school of medicine for the education of 
women only.” 
FINANCIAL SUPPORT. 
The financial support from the time of its organiza- 
tion up to its union with the university has been de- 
rived from the earnings of the school itself, i. e., the 
fees obtained from students; but a glance at the num- 
ber of matriculants and the fees required will show that 
for many years it was necessary for the faculty to as- 
sume a large financial responsibility, which, in fact, 
was assumed chiefly by its President, Professor Byford, 
and its Treasurer, Professor Earle. 
In 1884 a scholarship, The Grace Chandler Scholar- 
ship, was created by Mrs. Chandler, of Detroit, Mich., 
for the Woman’s Presbyterian Board of Missions of 
the Northwest. 
Other scholarships were founded from time to time 
as follows; 
Nos. 2-3. The Emily W. N. Scofield Scholarship, 
by Mrs. Scofield, of Elgin, 111., for the Northwest 
Branch of the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society of 
the M. E. Church. 
No. 4. The Woman s Board of Missions of the In- 
terior (of the Congregational Church). 
No, 5. The Woman's Presbyterian Board ofi Mis- 
sions of the Southwest. 
No. 6. The Elizabeth Skelton-Danforth Memorial 
Scholarship. 
This scholarship has recently been founded by Pro- 
fessor I. N. Danforth, in memory of his late wife, and Woman's Medical School. 
49 
in recognition of her long and active interest in all that 
related to the education of women. 
GROWTH OF THE SCHOOL AND ITS PRESENT STATUS. 
The school was opened in 1870 with seventeen ma- 
triculants, and its first graduating class numbered 
three. Since that time classes increased in size from 
year to year. In 1892-93 there were one hundred and 
thirty-five matriculants, and at the end of the year its 
alumnae numbered three hundred and fifty. At the 
present time (1896) the alumnae number four hundred 
and twenty-six. 
While the alumnae are doing good work in their 
chosen lines, the school is fully abreast with other 
medical schools in its requirements for admission and 
graduation, as well as the curriculum offered. The 
clinical facilities and hospital opportunities bring to its 
senior class each year students from other institutions 
less favored in this respect—a proof that women ap- 
preciate the advantages of separate clinical instruction 
in some departments. The opportunities for instruc- 
tion in gynecology and obstetrics have developed to a 
remarkable degree, furnishing facilities unequaled by 
any other school in the country. 
PRACTICAL OBSTETRICS. 
The lying-in wards of the Mary Thompson Hos- 
pital, the out department of that hospital and the out 
department of the school have reorganized this branch 
of clinical instruction. Dr, Jeannette Kearsley has 
recently been appointed Obstetrician to the Mary 
Thompson Hospital, where, conjointly with Dr. Louise 
Acres, she will have charge of the house and out- 
practice of the lying-in cases. Dr. Effa Davis has 50 
Woman s Medical School. 
established a large out-practice in connection with the 
school, and Professor Eliza H. Root has recently been 
placed in charge of an out department in the Lincoln 
Street Dispensary, 
All these departments will cooperate, both in fur- 
nishing to the patients the most scientific care as well 
as in affording to women students the very best oppor- 
tunities for bedside instruction. 
PRACTICAL GYNECOLOGY. 
In Gynecology we believe the school affords the 
very best facilities for the practical training of stu- 
dents, The department is well systematized; the in- 
struction consists of a graded course extending through 
three years of the curriculum, and the opportunities 
for post-graduate work for those who obtain positions 
as internes, or on the staff of assistants, are fully ap- 
preciated by those who are seeking a thorough skillful 
training. 
The Lincoln Street Dispensary now furnishes 
abundant material in this branch, in which we have also 
the cooperation of the Mary Thompson Hospital with 
its outdoor and house departments. In the latter a 
regular weekly surgical clinic is conducted by the 
surgeon in chief. 
The Pathological Laboratories are another feature 
in which the school has made a decided stride for- 
ward. Professor Vida Latham’s ability and untiring 
efforts in this direction have been rewarded by happy 
results. 
To Pediatrics and Diseases of the Nervous System 
the time allotted is also greater than that of most cur- 
ricula, and Professor I. N. Danforth is at this time 
greatly interested in developing a clinic in General 
Medicine. Woman's Medical School. 
51 
The Lincoln Street Dispensary has for the past two 
years proven too small to meet the wants of the dif- 
ferent clinical teachers. They are asking the Uni- 
versity for additional buildings, and President Rogers 
assures us that the faculty will receive such assistance 
on the part of the University as is warranted by the 
growth of the school. 
Plans are already entertained for better accommo- 
dations. We hope that by the time these pages leave 
the press an addition to our present building will be 
planned, to be ready for occupancy next Fall. This 
will contain new laboratories, clinic rooms and, we 
hope, a reading room and gymnasium. 
In proof of the unusual hospital advantages referred 
to above we close by referring to the hospital ap- 
pointments received by the class of 1896. The class, 
twenty-seven in number, received twenty-four hos- 
pital appointments—a number of these being obtained 
by competitive examinations with the colleges for men. 
The members of our faculty most interested in the 
advancement of medical women have been terribly in 
earnest. They have thrown their best energies into 
the work, sacrificing both time and strength to the 
cause of woman’s advancement in medicine. 
DEAN OF THE FACULTY. 
Isaac Newton Danforth, A. M., M. D., was born at 
Barnard, Vt., November 5, 1835. He comes of Eng- 
lish stock of Danish origin that dates from the con- 
quest of England by the Danes. Physicians have 
repeatedly appeared among his ancestors for one hun- 
dred and fifty years. His grandfather was a physician 
who practiced many years in Barnard and was widely 
known in Vermont. 52 
Woman's Medical School. 
The Doctor’s boyhood was not all play; at thirteen 
years of age he left school, engaging in mercantile life 
for nine years, when the inherited tendencies of his 
mind turned his face toward a medical career. He 
began the study of medicine in 1858, and was gradu- 
ated in 1861 from the medical department of Dart- 
mouth College, entering upon practice during same 
year at Greenfield, N. H. Four years of effort among 
the New Hampshire hills offered a too rugged barrier 
to his progress, and in the Winter of 1865-66 he went 
to Philadelphia for study, locating in Chicago the fol- 
lowing Spring. About the only capital he possessed 
consisted of his medical education and a stock of de- 
termined energy. 
In 1869 he was invited to lecture on Chemistry in 
Rush Medical College; in 1871 he was called to lecture 
on Pathology, and became Professor of Pathology in 
1882. In 1884 he was made Professor of Pathology 
in Chicago Medical School. He was chief among the 
founders of Wesley Hospital and is President of its 
Medical Board. For twenty-five years he served as 
Physician to St. Luke’s Hospital, Chicago, and when 
it became apparent to the Doctor that he must with- 
draw from some of his labors, the hospital, in recogni- 
tion of his long and faithful service, made him an 
honorary member of its staff. He is Consulting Physi- 
cian to the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, a position 
he has held for twenty years. 
In 1878 Dr. Danforth became a member of the fac- 
ulty of the Woman’s Medical College, as Professor of 
Pathology. In 1880 his chosen specialty, Renal Di- 
seases, was added to his title. Since the beginning 
of his connection with our school he has taken an 
active interest in its welfare. The securing of the Woman's Medical School. 
53 
Methodist scholarships to our school, for the education 
of medical missionaries, is largely due to his influence 
and that of his noble wife, Elizabeth Skelton-Dan- 
forth, who always lent her hearty support to the Doc- 
tor in his work connected with our school and to 
whose memory a Scholarship has been founded by him. 
In 1893, following the death of Dr. Earle, Dr. Dan- 
forth was elected Dean of our school, an office we 
hope length of years may greatly prolong. THE FOUNDERS. 
WILLIAM HEATH BYFORD, A. M., M. D. 
Of the notable members of the profession which the 
West has given to the country and to the world, none 
occupy a higher plane than the late William H. By- 
ford. The annals of medicine and of surgery now 
generally recognize an American System of Gynecol- 
ogy, of which such lights as Sims, Kimball, Peaslee 
and Byford were the fathers. By his skill in practice, 
by his sympathy for the suffering, by his wisdom in 
counsel and by his professional writings, which are 
standard and find a place on the shelves of every com- 
plete medical library in the world, Dr. Byford has 
done as much toward the founding of this system as 
any physician in America. 
Although he enjoyed a long and broad experience, 
was brought in contact with all classes, and ultimately 
earned for himself unusual success, both professionally 
and financially, he retained to the last a generous 
spirit of helpfulness toward those who were struggling 
for a foothold, was modest and yet impressive in his 
manner, and entirely free from that modern cant of 
flippant cynicism and pessimism. Young men found 
ever in him a counselor and a friend, and in his death 
the women of the West suffered an irreparable loss. 
As one of his colaborers and friends once said, so it 
may be repeated by all who have ever known him: 
“I found in him that education which all colleges aim 
to give, but which they so frequently fail to confer, 
namely, mental and moral power which he could use 
in the everyday work of life. Not only do his books 
54 The Founders. 
55 
and his lectures show the strength of his mental power, 
but when any of us took him a knotty problem or a 
difficult case we were surprised at the light he threw 
upon it and the readiness with which he cleared up its 
intricacies. I found in him a moral power that was a 
constant delight. He could be depended upon in 
emergencies requiring strength of character as well as 
of intellect. There was a largeness in his spiritual 
caliber that made him above petty jealousies. His 
heart rejoiced in the success of others, and it always 
gladdened him to help them.” 
It is evident that his character was of that substan- 
tial, healthful and health-giving fiber which is typical 
of Anglo-Saxon stock, Dr. Byford’s family having been 
traced to Suffolk, one of those eastern countries of 
England which look across the North Sea toward Hol- 
land. His parents, Henry T. and Hannah Byford, 
were residents of the village of Eaton, Ohio, where he 
was born, on March 20, 1817. Being a mechanic of 
limited means, his father, in order to better his con- 
dition, removed first to New Albany, Ind., and then 
to Hindostan, in the same State, living but a few years 
in each village. At the latter place the father died, 
leaving a widow and three children, William, the 
oldest, then being in his ninth year. Having attended 
district school for three or four years, the boy had 
made considerable progress in his studies, but the death 
of his father forced him from school into the world of 
w'ork at this early age. For the succeeding six years 
he did whatever he could to assist his mother in the sup- 
port of the family, their residence being a portion of 
the time at Hindostan and later on his grandfather’s 
farm in Crawford County, 111. 
In his sixteenth year it was decided that the manly 56 
The Founders. 
boy should do as he desired—learn a trade as his 
father had done before him. Setting out on foot for 
the village of Palestine, a few miles from the farm, 
he reached his destination and attempted, without 
success, to apprentice himself to several blacksmiths. 
He finally relinquished his inclination to become a 
worker in iron, and made an arrangement with a 
tailor by which he was to be received into the family 
as an apprentice, provided he could produce a testi- 
monial from a Methodist minister in his neighborhood 
that he was “a moral and industrious boy.” This 
secured, he entered heartily into the work of master- 
ing his trade, remaining with his first employer as 
long as he continued in the village and finishing a 
full term of apprenticeship with a Vincennes tailor. 
But, as is very often the case, the way in which 
a young man spends the spare moments outside of 
his regular training determines the direction of his 
later career. So when young Byford, ostensibly bound 
for life to his needle, shears and goose, took up his 
education where he had left it, some years ago, and 
thoroughly grounded himself in his native tongue, in 
natural history, physiology and chemistry besides 
acquiring a smattering of Latin, Greek and French— 
he was unconsciously shaping himself for a higher 
plane of action than a tailor’s table. 
In fact, more than a year before the expiration of 
his apprenticeship at Vincennes he had determined 
to adopt the medical profession, and, under the guid- 
ance of Dr. Joseph Maddox, of that city, made such 
progress in his studies that soon after his term of 
service was ended he passed an examination before 
the Indiana State Medical Board, and in August, 1838, 
was admitted to practice. Two years later Dr. Byford The Founders. 
57 
removed from Owensville, where he had commenced 
his practice, to Mount Vernon, Ind., and associated 
himself with Dr. Hezekiah Holland, whose daughter, 
Mary Anne, he married during October of that year 
(1840). His residence of a decade in Mount Vernon 
was a busy period of his life, for besides handling a 
large and growing practice, in which his skill as a 
surgeon was becoming more and more prominent, he 
took a course at the Ohio Medical College, from 
which he received a regular diploma in 1845. Two 
years later he made his first contribution to medical 
literature, in his account of two Caesarean sections 
which he performed in 1847. This paper was fol- 
lowed by other contributions to standard periodicals, 
which established his intellectual and scientific repu- 
tation on a much broader basis than that of private 
practice. 
In October, 1850, the Evansville Medical College 
called him to the chair of Anatomy and subsequently 
to that of Theory and Practice. The term of his 
professorship expired only when the college ceased to 
exist in 1855, and in addition to performing his duties 
as instructor he acted as editor of a medical publi- 
cation whose reputation was far more than local. 
When the American Medical Association assembled 
at Nashville in May, 1857, Dr. Byford had reached 
such a high standard in the estimation of his profes- 
sional brethren that, although comparatively but a 
young man, he was chosen its Vice-President. During 
the following Autumn he was called by Rush Medical 
College to the chair of Obstetrics and Diseases of 
Women and Children, thus finally locating in the city 
to whose best growth he was to contribute so much 
for the succeeding third of a century. In 1859, hav- 58 
The Founders. 
ing, with several associates, founded the Chicago 
Medical College, he severed his connection with Rush 
Medical College, and for twenty years occupied in the 
new institution the same chair which he had vacated 
in the old. 
But although the average man may easily dismiss 
a record of two decades in a few lines, with Dr. 
Byford this period was crowded with events, momen- 
tous both from a personal and public standpoint. 
In 1864, while busy with a large and growing private 
practice in his special field of Gynecology, as well 
as with his duties in connection with the professor- 
ship of the Chicago Medical College, to say nothing 
of the cares which devolved upon him as husband 
and father, he had the keen misfortune to lose the 
helpmate who had shared his burdens and triumphs 
for nearly a quarter of a century. It was also dur- 
ing this eventful year that Dr. Byford published his 
first book and the first medical work ever issued by 
a Chicago author, its title being “Chronic Inflammation 
and Displacements of the Unimpregnated Uterus.” 
Two years later appeared his large work on the 
“Practice of Medicine Applied to Diseases and Acci- 
dents of Women;” in 1869 a small volume for gen- 
eral use, entitled “The Philosophy of Domestic Life,” 
and in 1872 his first text-book on “Obstetrics.” 
His later works have passed through several editions. 
Dr. Byford’s editorial connection for many years with 
the Chicago Medical Journal, later the Chicago Medical 
Journal and Examiner, tended further to place his 
name high in the medical annals of the West and 
the country. Speaking also of the measures in prac- 
tice with which his name is intimately connected, Dr. 
E. W. Jenks, his friend, states in the Transactions of The Founders. 
59 
the American Gynecological Society: “His early 
investigations and advocacy of the use of ergot in the 
treatment of uterine fibroids made him an authority 
on this method. It was made the subject of his 
address as president of the section, at the meeting 
of the American Medical Association in 1872, and 
excited marked attention throughout the country. 
His name is also closelv associated with other pro- 
cedures, as rectal drainage of pelvic abscesses which 
have already opened into the bowel and laparotomy 
for ruptured extra-uterine fetation, proposed before 
Tait’s time.” 
During his active practice of more than fifty years 
Doctor Byford devoted himself for half that long period 
to the work of alleviating the physical sufferings of 
women. It has been noted how he has left enduring 
memorials of his skill, knowledge and wisdom in the lit- 
erature of the day and in the widespread influence of his 
sympathetic personality. Of the organizations which 
bear testimony to his strong mind and warm heart 
may be mentioned the American Gynecological Soci- 
ety, of which he was one of the founders, being elected 
one of the first Vice-Presidents and President in 1881. 
But the people, and especially the women of Chicago 
and of the West, will best and longest remember him 
for his generous and effective labor in the founding of 
the Woman’s Medical College in 1870. Of this great 
and beneficent institution he was elected President 
both of its faculty and board of trustees—holding this 
dual position up to the day of his death. The found- 
ing of the Mary Thompson Hospital, about one-third 
of whose beds are free, was also largely due to his dis- 
interested efforts and material assistance. 
As stated, he held the chair of Obstetrics and Dis- 60 
The Founders. 
eases of Women and Children in the Chicago Medical 
College for twenty years from the date of its establish- 
ment, when (in 1879) he was recalled to Rush College 
to assume the professorship of Gynecology, which had 
been especially created for him. 
But, in the midst of this life of broad usefulness, 
Doctor Byford was at length warned that he was mor- 
tal and must prepare for the inevitable. For several 
years previous to the end he had recognized in himself 
the symptoms of heart disease and calmly awaited the 
death which he knew might come upon him like a 
“thief in the night.” On the Saturday preceding his 
illness he performed a delicate and difficult operation 
and on the succeeding Wednesday (May 20, 1890), 
having faithfully attended to his professional duties, he 
retired at night to sleep the sleep of the just. In the 
early morning of the next day, however, he breathed 
his last under an attack of angina pectoris, which he 
had long awaited. 
Thus, at the age of seventy-three, passed away one 
of the noblest men of the day—an almost ideal phy- 
sician and medical counselor; the pioneer of medical 
education for women in the West; a friend, husband 
and father who could be depended upon in any emer- 
gency, and a modest, strong gentleman, charitable to 
all and loved and admired by thousands. He suc- 
cumbed to no lingering, disintegrating disease, but met 
death with mental faculties unimpaired and with his 
natural strength only so far abated as must result from 
a life of unsparing and protracted labor, which had 
already stretched beyond the allotted span. 
Doctor Byford left a widow, three daughters and a 
son, his second marriage being to Miss Lina Flersheim. 
Their only child died in infancy. Of the four children The Founders. 
61 
by his first wife, Dr. Henry T. Byford, a physician of 
note who bids fair to follow in the footsteps of his 
father, is the only surviving son. The eldest son, who 
was engaged in the practice of medicine in Minneap- 
olis, died in 1884. His daughters, Mrs. Anna B, 
Leonard, Mrs. Mary B. Schuyler and Mrs. Maude B. 
Van Schaack, are still living. 
MIRANDA B. SHERWOOD DYAS. 
Miranda B, Sherwood Dyas was born December 5, 
1814, at Weston, Fairfield County, Conn. Her father 
was Dean David Sherwood, who subsequently became 
a substantial citizen of Bridgeport, Conn. Mrs. Sher- 
wood was a descendant of one of the oldest New Eng- 
land families, her ancestors being of a good English 
stock that came to America in 1635. She married 
Charles Sherwood, a lawyer and a cousin of her fam- 
iiy- 
She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. 
Mr. Sherwood, seeking a better professional field, 
went with his bride to the city of New York, where 
they lived until 1845 or IB4b, when Mr, Sherwood, 
owing to declining health, accepted the appointment 
as American consul to Messina, Sicily. But the sum- 
merland city of the beautiful sea-girt island failed to 
restore his health, and there he died of La Grippe on 
January 2, 1848. 
The following Summer Mrs. Sherwood with her 
three children returned to her native country. Her 
first coming to Chicago was in the interest of these 
children, who were minor heirs to property in legal 
dispute. 
In October, 1861, Mrs. Sherwood married William 
Godfrey Dyas, M. D., F. R. C. S. I. It was as Mrs. 62 
The Founders. 
Dyas that we knew her, and as Mrs. Dyas we will 
speak of her in the remainder of this sketch. Upon 
the breaking out of the Civil War she took an active 
part in all the movements looking to the alleviation of 
suffering among the Union soldiers and their families. 
No woman in Chicago was more active or efficient in 
this line of work than she. After her marriage to the 
Doctor these two philanthropic and patriotic people 
gave their united energies to the work of relieving the 
distressed. 
When the various movements for the relief of the 
war sufferers were crystallized into the organization 
known as “The Sanitary Commission,” Doctor and 
Mrs. Dyas gave themselves to it heart and soul. 
Thousands were soon applying to the commission for 
medical and surgical relief. At about this time there 
came to locate in Chicago one of the few women who 
had enjoyed a clinical and theoretical training in med- 
icine. This woman was Dr. Mary Harris Thompson, 
in whom Mrs. Dyas took a deep and lasting interest. 
In her quiet and unobtrusive way she soon secured 
her husband’s approval of the “woman doctor;” and 
here we may state that Dr. Dyas afterward became 
one of Dr. Thompson’s truest friends and strongest 
professional supporters. 
Through the influence of these large-hearted people 
Dr. Thompson entered into the work of relieving the 
distress of those who applied to the commission. Out 
of this friendship and the needs of the situation grew 
the initial movement which resulted in the establish- 
ment of the Chicago Hospital for Women and Chil- 
dren'in May, 1865. There was great need of such 
a hospital at that time; women, widowed, with their 
little ones orphaned, were left destitute by the carnage MIRANDA B. DYAS. The Founders. 
65 
of the battlefield and by the pestilence of camp and 
war prison. Hospital facilities in Chicago were greatly 
inadequate, and those existing were hard for the very 
poor to secure. Here was the opportunity of a life- 
time—of an age. 
Mrs. Dyas, with her clear insight into human affairs, 
was quick to see the opportunity and was as quick 
to improve it. The hospital was organized and Dr. 
Th :>mpson came into full charge of the medical service. 
Mrs. Dyas brought her social influence, together with 
her keen business ability, to bear upon the work, while 
nei noble husband gave his service and his profes- 
sional influence, which was by no means small. With 
such friends to support and to advocate even a new 
and untried enterprise, who might not succeed? Pub- 
lic opinion was not wholly ready to support or accept 
the service of a hospital entirely under the superin- 
tendance of a woman doctor. 
And now came the struggle. When others con- 
nected with,the young hospital, depressed by reverses, 
exclaimed, “We shall have to give it up,” nothing 
daunted, she would reply, “No, we must not give it 
up,” and would put her shoulder to the wheels; and, 
what is more, “she made them go round,” for she was 
possessed of a deep and abiding faith in the new en- 
terprise and its possibilities for women. When wo- 
men, desiring a medical education, applied to the 
infant hospital for instruction, the idea of a Woman’s 
Medical School, when advanced, met with her hearty 
approval and cooperation. 
Mrs, Dyas was a woman of measures, with charac- 
teristic self-forgetting. She got behind and under the 
measures she espoused and pushed them, with their 
personnels, toward the desired goal. In the early strug- 66 
The Founders. 
gle of the hospital, she was the engine that carried 
the headlight, bringing in her train the fruits of her 
earnest appeals for assistance. Wherever there was a 
promise of assistance this brave woman, without fear, 
canvassed business and professional men—men and 
women in every walk of life—for the support of her 
pet institution- 
She was a force only a little less helpful in the early 
life of our college, as the students of those times can 
testify. After the Great Fire of 1871, the Medical 
School, a swaddling infant, was left houseless and home- 
less. A room at No. 600 West Adams Street was 
secured in which to give lectures until “the barn” 
could be fitted up, and one who knows says; “Many 
a morning she took the man over to make fires and 
see that the room was made comfortable for the stu- 
dents, so that they might not be discouraged in the 
pursuit of their chosen course. ” The successes that 
some of these same students have made in life are part of 
her reward for the practical interest she took in them, 
and shall they not now rise up and call her blessed? 
Our school is now a prosperous department of the 
Northwestern University, an institution of sterling 
worth, wielding a great educational power through the 
whole Northwest, and it seems more than fitting that 
we acknowledge the deep debt of gratitude which we, 
as alumnae of the school and as women, owe to the 
memory of this good woman who believed in women. 
Mrs. Dyas was not a two-edged fanatical advocate of 
“Woman’s Rights.” She was a woman of culture, 
gentle mannered and endowed with a store of good 
common sense. She was a great reader, was broad- 
minded and a thinker. In religion she was liberal, 
without losing the Christian’s faith and hope. The Founders. 
67 
There was no smallness in her nature. She treated 
the faults and foibles of those in whom she took an 
interest with a kindly charity, and that, too, without 
giving up her own convictions of what was right, fre- 
quently bringing about what she believed to be right 
by the quiet and judicious manner in which she met 
and dealt with what seemed wrong. She was a woman 
of' experience and good judgment, being of a type of 
heroes that have contributed largely to the making of 
history without appearing themselves as prominent 
lights. The force and worth of such natures are too 
broad and too deep for the flame, but the flame may 
and does fegd upon these great natures, and draws 
from them that which makes it a flame of light. 
Now that this noble woman has passed away, the 
importance of her services increase rather than di- 
minish by perspective, and those who knew her and 
her work the best are tempted to claim for her the 
honor of being the founder of the Hospital for Women 
and Children; but, forbearing this claim, they do claim 
that she was the foundation of its founding and the 
pilot that steered it through the dangerous narrows of 
its early struggle for existence. 
Mrs. Dyas was an honored trustee of the hospital 
for twelve years. She was also a member of the first 
Board of Trustees of the Woman’s Medical College, 
on which she served many years. 
Miranda B. Sherwood Dyas passed from this life on 
November 29, 1891, For some years prior to her 
death she suffered from ill health that prevented the 
usual activities of her life. But she bore the enforced 
physical quiet with the same gracious spirit of forti- 
tude that characterized all that she did. 
Mrs. Dyas was the mother of three children, one 68 
The Founders. 
of whom survives her—Mrs. Blanche S. Dunham, of 
Niles, Michigan. One son and a daughter died in 
early life. 
WILLIAM GODFREY DYAS, M. D., F. R. C. S. I. 
William Godfrey Dyas was born in Dublin, Ireland, 
November 4th, 1807. He was of fine Spanish origin, 
his family being of the noblesse and holding ducal 
rank in historic Castile. In early times the members of 
his family were Albigensians, and, being prosecuted by 
the Catholic Church in Spain, because of their religious 
belief, fled to Queen Elizabeth for the protection that 
this most remarkable woman and English sovereign ex- 
tended at one time to those of the Protestant faith. 
In England the Dyases found the desired asylum and 
Eduard, founder of the family in Britain, enlisted in 
the army of the commonwealth, under Cromwell. 
For valiant services performed during the Campaign 
in Ireland, and at the battle of the Boyne, in 1690, 
Eduard Dyas and other members of the family received 
various grants of land in the Emerald Isle, which sub- 
sequently became valuable estates, located principally 
in the counties of Meath and Cavan. 
William Dyas, of Castle Street, Dublin, was the 
fourth remove from Eduard, mentioned above, and 
founder of the family in great Britain. In conformity 
with ancestral standing and the education of his parents, 
his son, William Godfrey and the subject of this sketch, 
received a thorough intellectual training, to which he 
was so partial that in his sixteenth year he was 
enabled to enter Trinity College. After graduating 
therefrom he pursued a course in the Royal College of 
Surgeons, from which he received his degree in 1830. 
In October of this year the young physician was WILLIAM G. DYAS 
69 The Founders. 
71 
married to Georgiana Keating, daughter of Rev. 
George Keating, vicar of Mostrim County, Longford, 
Ireland. Dr. Dyas at once entered into practice, and 
during the cholera epidemic of 1832 served in the 
government hospital, County Kildare. Upon the 
abatement of the epidemic and the closing of that insti- 
tution, although then but twenty-five years of age, 
he was appointed by the government to the position 
of physician to the fever hospital and three dispen- 
saries. For a quarter of a century Dr. Dyas thus 
labored, dividing his professional life between public 
duties and private practice. 
Upon the prostration of the entire country, due to 
the potato famine, he returned to the city of Dublin 
and was appointed Assistant Demonstrator of Anat- 
omy upon the faculty of his Alma Mater. 
Dr. Dyas’ extended practice in Ireland and his posi- 
tion as a member of the faculty of his college brought 
him into contact with many of the leading physicians, 
surgeons and scientists of the country. Through this 
association with leading minds he reaped immeasur- 
able benefit, both from an educational and clinical 
standpoint. In 1856 Dr. Dyas came to America, and 
immediately became connected with various medical 
journals, to which his ready and graceful pen and his 
thorough learning furnished many noteworthy contri- 
butions. 
In Chicago, whither he arrived in July, 1859, soon 
after the death of his wife, he continued to be favor- 
ably known as a writer on professional topics, but at 
once became prominent in the more practical walks of 
life. He took rank with the leading practitioners of 
the city, maintaining his position for many years, not 
even retiring from the field during the latter years of 72 
The Founders. 
his long professional career. He became an honored 
veteran in his province, and was in wide demand as a 
diagnostician and consulting physician. 
In October, 1861, Dr. Dyas married Mrs. Miranda 
B. Sherwood, a lady whose social position and highly 
cultivated mind made her a most fitting companion 
for a man of such gentlemanly and scholarly attain- 
ments. Together these two able and efficient people 
entered into the work of relieving the distress in the 
city of Chicago incident to the Civil War, and, later, 
into the scheme of establishing a hospital for women 
and children. Indeed, they will ever be accounted 
the foster parents of the Hospital for Women and 
Children (now the Mary Thompson), which, in turn, 
was the forerunner of the Woman’s Medical College, 
and to which they both gave valuable support and serv- 
ice. 
From 1870 to 1875 Dr. Dyas served upon the fac- 
ulty of the Woman’s Medical College as Professor of 
the Theory and Practice of Medicine, having also 
served as president of the college. He was also a 
member of the college board of trustees and for 
several years was Emeritus Professor of his chair. 
His connection with the Chicago Hospital for Wo- 
men and Children, to which he gave, unstintingly, val- 
uable personal service and professional influence, was 
severed only by his death. 
Dr. Dyas’ professional standing, while a resident of 
Chicago, was attested in many ways. He was not 
only prominently identified with the Woman’s Hospital 
and the Woman’s Medical College, as stated, but was 
connected with the Cook County and St. Joseph’s hos- 
pitals. During 1871 and 1874 he served as president 
of the Chicago Medical Society. As a member of the The Founders. 
73 
society and its ex-president the society held the Doctor 
in high esteem, which was put in tangible form by 
presenting to him a set of beautifully engrossed reso- 
lutions of respect on the sixtieth anniversary of his 
entering upon the practice of medicine. 
Both in appearance and manner the Doctor was a 
gentleman of the old school. In no way was this 
more strikingly evinced than in the uniform courtesy 
with which he treated women. Although a man of 
remarkable force of mind and of high attainments, 
whether classical, linguistic or professional, he paid to 
his wife’s gentle yet hearty enthusiasm great respect 
and deference, entering into her projects with hearty 
good will and willing service. To his wife’s influence 
he yielded his established opinions of woman’s depend- 
ence and espoused the cause of her medical educa- 
tion and promotion with a championship worthy of the 
noblest knight. 
At the time of his death, February 17, 1895, Dr. 
Dyas was in his eighty-eighth year. For several years 
prior to his death he had been the oldest living alum- 
nus of Trinity College, Dublin. To the last he re- 
tained his vigorous mental faculties. Upon the fatal 
day he had been to his office as usual, and at the 
accustomed hour took the train for his suburban home, 
which he never reached alive. An incoming express 
train, that the Doctor did not see when he started to 
cross the unprotected tracks, hurled the aged and 
honored physician out of a useful and revered exist- 
ence. 
Dr, Dyas left six living children, viz.: Mrs. Wil- 
helmine Hopkins, Chicago; Mrs. Carrie Carden, 
Marysville, Cal.; William Godfrey Dyas, a lawyer liv- 
ing in California; Mrs. Hayne, of St. Louis, Mo.; Mr. The Founders. 
Joseph Eduard Dyas, a lawyer of Paris, 111., and Mrs. 
Sage, of Chicago—Dr. Annie White Sage, of the class 
of 1890, being a step-granddaughter. 
MARY HARRIS THOMPSON, M. D. 
When Dr. Mary H. Thompson departed this life on 
the 21 st of May, 1895, woman’s cause and the cause 
of womanhood lost a great advocate, both by precept 
and example. The progressive women of the West 
especially mourned for her as children for a mother 
upon whose sound judgment and warm heart they 
could always rely. 
Born at Fort Ann, Washington County, N. Y., her 
father, Colonel John Harris Thompson, and her mother, 
Calista Corbin, were also natives of the Empire State. 
Her education was both thorough and liberal, and as 
she commenced to teach in the district schools when 
only fifteen years of age, she became most substan- 
tially grounded in all the elementary branches. In fact, 
for several years she both taught and received instruc- 
tion herself, attending the Troy Conference Academy 
at West Poultney, Vt., and the Fort Edward Collegi- 
ate Institute. At the latter institution she received 
the last of her non-professional education. Subse- 
quently, while she taught she gave all her spare time 
to the study of astronomy, chemistry, physiology and 
anatomy, introducing the last two branches into the 
curriculum of the school which she had in charge. 
This innovation aroused an interest both in the 
minds of the pupils and the school authorities, and 
determined, perhaps, the life-work of Miss Thompson. 
That she might be the better qualified to teach these 
branches, she became a student of the New England 
Female Medical College of Boston, but one investi- MARY H. THOMPSON. 
75 The Founders. 
77 
gating step led to another, and she soon found her- 
self pursuing the entire path leading to a course of 
medical instruction. The two courses of lectures 
which she there attended were supplemented by a 
year’s practical work, principally accomplished at the 
New York Infirmary for Women and Children, under 
the supervision of Drs, Elizabeth and Emily Black- 
well, the pioneer women physicians of America and of 
the world. In this way Dr. Thompson obtained a 
broader experience in all branches of medicine than 
perhaps any other of her sex excepting the brave and 
noble women with whom she was associated; and in 
addition to the indoor and outdoor work of the in- 
firmary which fell to her, she availed herself of the 
clinical privileges of Bellevue Hospital and De Milt 
Dispensary. Thus passed a year during 1862-63, and 
in the Spring of the latter she returned to Boston and 
graduated from her Alma Mater, the New England 
Medical College. 
Although urged by her friends in the East to settle 
among them, she cast her lot with the broad and 
growing West, arriving in Chicago on July 3, 1863. 
Soon after her arrival she became acquainted with Dr. 
William Godfrey Dyas and his wife, both of whom 
were active sympathizers with Dr. Thompson and the 
cause she represented, as well as patriotic members of 
that great war organization known as the Sanitary 
Commission. Through their influence and persuasion 
Dr, Thompson undertook the work of relieving the dis- 
tress of those who applied to the commission for medi- 
cal and surgical aid. Briefly, this was the initial move- 
ment which resulted in the establishment of the 
Chicago Hospital for Women and Children, in May, 
1865, and from that time to the date of her death 78 
The Founders. 
which occurred within a few days of thirty years from 
the time the hospital was first opened, she was at the 
head of its medical and surgical staff. 
The hospital was virtually the forefather of the 
Woman’s College, the school holding its first course 
of lectures in the hospital building. Dr, Thompson 
and Dr. Wm, H. Byford, the founder of the college,' 
worked hand in hand for many years in the advance- 
ment of medical education among women, the 
former having occupied a chair in the institution dur- 
ing the first years of its life, for many years holding 
that of Clinical Professor of Gynecology. In fact, 
aside from her record as an operator in abdominal 
and pelvic surgery and her broad, womanly character, 
Dr. Thompson will be principally known because of 
the valuable services which she rendered to these in- 
stitutions, and through them to the cause of woman’s 
education and the alleviation of her sufferings. And 
when this has been said, what greater tribute can be 
paid to her character and her memory? 
Yet we may appropriately add the words of a life- 
long friend and fellow worker: “While the Doctor has 
been made to feel an existing prejudice against 
women as physicians, she has received from the pro- 
fession generally only kind treatment, and has never 
asked for counsel but it has been cheerfully accorded, 
many of the profession having nobly aided her with 
their advice and influence. The success that has 
crowned her efforts is but the reward of perseverance, 
a fixed purpose in life and a whole heart engaged in 
her work. Many live to bless her for the benefits 
they have received at her hands and her career is one 
that no young medical student, man or woman, need 
be ashamed to emulate—one that has shed luster upon The Founders. 
79 
the name of Mary Harris Thompson and has estab- 
lished a prestige for women in medicine. ” 
CHARLES WARRINGTON EARLE, A. M., M. D. 
Dr. Charles Warrington Earle was born in Westford, 
Vermont, April 2, 1845. The tonic of the pure air 
he breathed with his first breath, the exhilarating 
beauty of the landscape he first looked upon, the 
ruggedness of the hills and mountains about him, as 
well as the sturdy and heroic qualities of his yeoman 
ancestry, seem to have entered into his constitution 
and formed part and parcel of his blood, foreordain- 
ing him to become the large-bodied and broad-minded 
and whole-souled man he was. 
When but nine years of age his father and family 
removed from Vermont to Lake County, 111. Mr. 
Earle was a diligent and ambitious farmer, and his 
son experienced all the advantages, as well as the 
disadvantages, of being a “farmer’s boy.” His early 
education was much retarded and interrupted by the 
demands of farm work, yet the strength and endur- 
ance gained in the fields more than compensated him 
for these apparent drawbacks. For seven years he 
thus labored, dividing his time between the farm and 
the schoolroom. 
Sixteen years of age during the April Sumter was 
fired upon, he at once volunteered for the war, join- 
ing what became Company I, of the Fifteenth Reg- 
iment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry. His service with 
this regiment continued for about eight months, when 
receiving an injury which disabled him from active 
service, he was compelled to return home. The fol- 
lowing Winter and Spring he attended school at 
Burlington, Wisconsin. While there another call for 80 
The Founders. 
more men came from President Lincoln, and the 
youth at once reenlisted, becoming a member of the 
Ninety-sixth Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, with the 
office of first sergeant of Company C. 
Within six months, and before reaching his eigh- 
teenth birthday, he was promoted to the rank of 
second lieutenant. Six months later occurred the 
battle of Chickamauga. The boy lieutenant chanced 
to be in command of his company—the color com- 
pany of his regiment—in this terrible engagement, 
and nobly did he meet the duties and responsibilities 
of the hour. 
His Colonel in an address made years after, in 
speaking of the Ninety-sixth Regiment at Chicka- 
mauga, said: “I found that I now had but a very few 
men with me, and I should have thought that I had 
wholly strayed from my Regiment were it not that 
I had with me the regimental colors, together with 
the commander of the color company, the intrepid 
boy lieutenant, lion-hearted, fearless, unflinching 
Charley Earle, whose name must be inscribed high 
among the highest on the roll of Chickamauga heroes.” 
On the day following the battle, Lieutenant Earle’s 
company was assigned to picket duty on Missionary 
Ridge, below which the Union forces were gathering 
for the battle of Chattanooga. Through the coward- 
ice of a staff officer it was left unsupported and cap- 
tured by the Confederates. On the night of October 
i, 1863, Lieutenant Earle was consigned to Libby 
Prison, where he remained until the wonderful escape 
through the tunnel on February 9, 1864. The story 
has often been told of the six awful days of wading 
through swamps, the fugitives terrorized by men and 
hunted by dogs, until with indescribable emotions 
they came in sight of Union friends. The Founders. 
81 
Returning soon after his escape to his regiment, 
Lieutenant Earle was rapidly advanced through various 
grades to the rank of Aid-de-Camp and Acting 
Assistant Inspector-General on the staff of Gen. 
W. C. Whittaker, and at the close of the war was 
brevetted Captain of United States Volunteers “for 
gallant and meritorious conduct at the battles of 
Chickamauga, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Franklin 
and Nashville.” 
The war over, he attended Beloit College, putting 
five years of study into three, and then entered the 
Chicago Medical College, from which he graduated 
with honors in 1870. Professor William H. Byford 
was his preceptor during his college course. In his 
office Dr. Earle commenced the practice of medicine 
and the friendship there begun deepened and strength- 
ened as the years went by. 
The following year he was invited by Dr. Byford 
to accept the chair of Physiology in the newly founded 
Woman’s Medical College. Of his connection with 
this institution we quote the following from the address 
delivered by Dr. William E. Quine upon the occasion 
of the unveiling of a bust of Dr. Earle, at the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, March 9, 1894: 
“Dr. Earle became in time sincerely and profoundly 
interested in the medical education of women; and, 
although he has occupied various positions of honor 
and advantage in other colleges, it may well be ques- 
tioned whether he was ever connected with any which 
claimed so much of his affection as the one referred 
to. His relations with this institution underwent 
various modifications with the progress of years, and 
at different times he occupied the chairs of Physiol- 
ogy, Obstetrics, Practice of Medicine and Clinical The Founders. 
Medicine and Diseases of Children. He was also 
secretary of the college, then treasurer for many years, 
and upon the death of Professor Byford, in 1891, 
he was elected President. I have no hesitation in 
saying that, next to Professor Byford, the Woman’s 
Medical College is more deeply indebted for its pres- 
ent solidity and high standing to the energy, capacity, 
fidelity and perseverance of the subject of this address 
than it is to the agency of any other person, living 
or dead.” 
Dr. Earle was one of the founders of the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons and at the time of his 
death, on November 19, 1893, he was both Dean and 
Treasurer of the College and Professor of Obstetrics. 
He was also Professor of Operative Obstetrics in the 
Post-Graduate College and Hospital of this city; Pro- 
fessor of Diseases of Children in the Chicago Train- 
ing School for Nurses; Attending Obstetrician at 
Wesley Hospital and Consulting Physician at Home 
for Destitute Crippled Children. 
He was a charter member of the Gynaecological, the 
Pathological, the Medico-Legal and the American 
Pediatric societies and the Practitioners’ Club. He 
was a member of the American Medical Association, 
the British Medical Association, an ex-President of 
the Illinois State Medical Society, and the year of 
his death was President of the Chicago Medical Society. 
He was also an honored member of the Loyal Legion. 
Doctor Earle, was the author of many articles of 
wide range on medical subjects which have attracted 
attention in this country and Europe, a course of 
study in the hospitals of Llorence, Vienna, Berlin, 
Paris and London resulting in an especially valuable 
series of essays on obstetrical subjects. While occu- The Founders. 
pying the chair of Diseases of Children in the Woman’s 
Medical College he published many important papers 
on pediatrics. He was one of the writers of “Keating’s 
Cyclopedia of Diseases of Children,” and of the Amer- 
ican Text-Book of Diseases of Children,” as well as 
the “American Text-Book of Obstetrics.” 
For eighteen years Doctor Earle was Chief Physi- 
cian in the Washingtonian Home, where he made a 
close study of inebriety and arrived at important con- 
clusions concerning its treatment, which were em- 
bodied in some of the most practical publications ever 
issued on that subject. 
Politically, Doctor Earle was a Republican and a 
member of the Lincoln Club, though not active in 
politics, being thoroughly devoted to his profession. 
For many years he was an esteemed member of the 
Union Park Congregational Church. 
He possessed a commanding figure, a handsome 
face, fine intellect, a magnetic temperament, and the 
great soul within him, overflowing with kindness and 
sympathy with humanity, was the potent magnet that 
drew all so close to him. 
He was married in 1871 to Miss Fannie L. Bundy, 
of Beloit, Wisconsin. Two children, Miss Carrie and 
William Byford Earle, were born to them. His home 
life was ideal. 
On November 19, 1893, this strong, loving pres- 
ence went out from us. While yet in the glory of 
his prime, the full fruition of his powers, and in the 
midst of his usefulness, when it seemed that a score 
of years, the best and completest of his life, should 
yet be in store for him, suddenly the “silver cord was 
loosed,” the pale hands dropped their tasks, and he 
went away. HISTORY OF COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS* 
MARIE J. MERGLER. 
Just ten years have elapsed since the Woman’s 
Medical College was for the first time invited to take 
part in the contest with the other medical schools of 
the city for positions as internes in the county hos- 
pitals, Those of us who have known this chapter in 
the history of our college throughout the decade have 
watched the changes which took place from year to 
year with intense interest, and we have felt it might 
be of interest to those who from personal experience 
have known but one or two of its paragraphs. To 
fully appreciate the changes and what it has cost to 
bring them about, we must go back to the earlier his- 
tory of the college. 
At the time when lectures were held in the “little 
barn” on Paulina Street, the possibility of a woman 
interne in Cook County Hospital was hardly thought 
of. How could women compete with students of the 
male colleges, when there was such a vast difference 
m opportunities for study? A small two-story building 
containing a dissecting room and one little lecture 
room furnished with two dozen chairs, a table, a port- 
able blackboard and a skeleton—these were the con- 
veniences up to 1877. There were scarcely any means 
for practical demonstration in the lectures; there was 
no money in the treasury with which to procure them; 
there was no work in histology and no laboratory 
work in chemistry. 
* Paper read before the Alumnae Association on April 1, 1889. 
84 History of .Competitive Examinations. 
85 
While there were members on the faculty who, in 
spite of everything to discourage them, never gave up 
hope and did all in their power to do the best they 
could for women in medicine, there were several mem- 
bers of the staff who had no heart in their work. 
We recall one of the professors (in 1877) who, instead 
of delivering one lecture a week, delivered two during 
the term, and then spent more time and emphasis in 
dwelling upon “the utter uselessness of teaching wo- 
men" than on the topics of his chair. 
At that time no student was ever known to take a 
three years’ course voluntarily. An average student 
could easily master all the college could give in two 
years. 
If there be any present who were seniors in 1877 
they will remember under what difficulties the study 
of clinical medicine was pursued. They perhaps re- 
member one instance in which a certain clinical pro- 
fessor at Cook County Hospital paused after entering 
the amphitheater, and after looking over the attend- 
ing students noticed two or three women way up on 
the back seats. When he spied them he said; “Gen- 
tlemen, when those women retire I will begin.” They 
retired. We who were juniors remember how other clin- 
ical lecturers stooped to all sorts of devices by which 
they meant to make the clinics so uncomfortable for the 
women that they should never care to return—but they 
kept on coming. 
Those who were present in the terms of 1876-77 and 
1877-78, the last year in the barn and the first in the 
present building, remember with pleasure the great 
changes which took place. The faculty was reor- 
ganized, retaining the most enthusiastic members and 
adding others who were friends to the cause. Two 86 
History of Competitive Examinations. 
members of the class, who had attended two full 
courses of lectures, asked for the privilege of passing 
final examinations in the junior branches, in order that 
the third year could be devoted to special work. This 
request, because it had no precedent, was at first stub- 
bornly opposed by the faculty, but after many efforts 
on the part of the applicants to convince the faculty 
that it would be in the interest of this college to pro- 
vide opportunities for special work here rather than 
send students to the eastern schools, the provision for 
faculty students was made, some special work 'pro- 
vided, and on the following year even encouraged by 
the faculty by establishing the special awards of cer- 
tificates of honor. 
The class of ’7B and ’79 had other things to dis- 
courage them, which have a special bearing on the 
subject of this paper. The branch in which, in those 
days, the Woman’s College was the weakest, in com- 
parison with Rush and Chicago Medical, was surgery. 
Our Professor in Surgery, who had gone on the staff 
with great reluctance, told us in his introductory lec- 
ture that he did not believe in “female doctors” and 
that we were greatly mistaken if we thought the world 
was waiting for them. He, a fine surgeon, an excel- 
lent teacher in one of the other colleges, spent much of 
his time in looking at his watch, to see if the time was 
up, and in telling us trifling anecdotes about how old 
women would sweep off cobwebs to arrest a hemorrhage, 
and how some other woman would apply a catskin to 
allay pain. But he had one good quality. He was 
regular in his attendance, and he filled every hour. 
Week after week he came on Thursday at 3 p. m. to 
“meet the college,” as he said, for there rarely was a 
clinic patient. This, however, was no fault of his. History of Competitive Examinations. 
87 
One fine day, about two weeks before the close of the 
term, the five seniors were surprised to find a notice on 
the board inviting them to take part in the examination 
for Cook County Hospital. At first we thought it was 
all out of the question. We had had no equal chance 
with other schools., especially in surgery, for we had 
not gone over half the ground. The faculty as a 
whole did not encourage us. To go or not to go, that 
was the question. Not to go meant that we should 
perhaps never be asked again. To go meant to fail. 
We decided to go, if only for the purpose of showing 
how little we had been taught in surgery. We knew 
we could do fairly well in most of the other branches, 
and we wanted every member of the faculty to feel 
that future classes should have the opportunities of 
which we were defrauded. We went! The examina- 
tion took place at Bp. m. On our arrival at the 
hospital nobody seemed willing to show us to the ex- 
amining room. The internes were afraid to displease 
the staff. Finally somebody showed us to the amphi- 
theater. This was filled with a crowd of students and 
other spectators, who received us with deafening 
shouts and hisses. They clapped, they whistled, they 
stamped. They cried “pass ’em up,” and we sat 
down. Finally came the Chairman of the Staff and 
the Secretary. The Chairman looked daggers at us, 
and looked inquiringly at the Secretary. The Secre- 
tary said: “You instructed me to notify the regular 
eolleges. The Woman’s College is a regular college, 
sir, so I invited them.” It was Professor Wm. E. 
Quine who opened the doors to us. 
The examination was fair in most of the depart- 
ments. It was oral. The gynecologist and obstetrician 
tried to get us off the balance by making vulgar jokes. 88 
History of Competitive Examinations. 
The surgeon tried to wreck us. We faced things as 
best we could, but of course did not receive an ap- 
pointment. But one point we did gain. We made 
our surgeon feel ashamed of his work, and made him 
turn over a new leaf. A subsequent memorable in- 
terview with him resulted in his saying, “I’ll give 
you bare surgery.” And the next two weeks and 
all of the next year he delivered elegant lectures. 
When the class of ’Bl came up, and no one was 
more interested than he to have them stand well. 
He resigned, but has ever since been a warm friend 
to the cause. 
A few days later, through the earnest efforts of Pro- 
fessor D, R. Brower, we were invited to come up for 
examination for internes in Dunning. Three appoint- 
ments were to be made. By this time we had ceased 
to be tired and had begun to be desperate. The ap- 
pointment was Bp. m. The examining committee con- 
sisted of two professors of each college and two who 
were supposed to be disinterested members. We met 
for the oral examination in Dr, Jewel’s office. This 
examination extended over two evenings, one oral and 
one written. The young men there felt sure of the 
victory—but the tables had turned. The Woman’s 
College was ahead this time, and after the oral exami- 
nation the boys looked quite crestfallen. Privately we 
were informed that the Woman’s College stood first, 
but in the recommendation to the commissioners they 
gave it the second appointment. But the expected 
confirmation by the commissioners never took place. 
A young man from St. Louis, a brother-in-law of one 
of the “disinterested” members of the board, was put 
on, without an examination!. Now, we were told, there 
is no use of trying again. A woman will never be History of Competitive Examinations. 
89 
appointed. But for all this, some of the Middle Year 
determined to keep on trying. 
The faculty, as a whole, still did little to encourage 
them. Some offered to do what they could to give 
the school a chance; as a whole the possibility of suc- 
cess was doubted. The time for examination came 
and Dr. Mary E. Bates, then not quite twenty-one 
years old, was notified that she had passed for the 
position of interne in Cook County Hospital. Of 
course the joy was great, but then came the dread of 
a woman being able to succeed in the face of an at- 
tending staff who, as a whole, did not believe in a 
woman in that place. The future of this phase of 
women in medicine depended on whether or not this 
young delicate girl would have the courage to hold her 
own under the most discouraging circumstances, and, 
if she had the courage to try, whether she could con- 
vince the hospital staff, the college and the public 
that a woman had the ability to fill the place. 
I quote one of the many remarks which were made 
by those who had faith in her ability, but not in her 
success. Said one of the professors; “She never would 
venture to go on duty, if she knew what was before 
her. It is her youthful ignorance which gives her 
courage.” I had asked Professor Bates to furnish me 
with this part of the history, but she modestly ob- 
jected; however, the fame she justly won speaks for 
itself. Immediately after that time several of the classes 
did not have the courage to make another attempt, for 
they felt that inasmuch as it had been demonstrated 
that not only a woman could get in, providing the 
examinations were fairly conducted, but also stay in, 
by virtue of ability, tact and pluck, it would be made 
a little harder in future to give her a chance to get in. 90 
History of Competitive Examinations. 
How much foundation there was to this belief I do 
not know. However, several attempts were made, 
with more or less success, and be it said to the credit 
of the examining committee of late years that no 
favoritism was shown. 
In the year ’B5 Dr. Carrie Brewer received the ap- 
pointment as alternate. In ’B6 Dr. Rose Talbot 
passed for alternate. In ’B7 Dr. Rachel Hickey re- 
ceived the appointment as interne. Dr. Hickey was 
the first one, since the year ’Bl, who succeeded in 
winning the place as interne, and her service has been 
more than satisfactory and marks the period when no 
woman who wins the place and does her duty need 
to look for anv unfriendliness. 
J % 
In ’BB two of the students of the Woman’s College 
came up for the Cook County examination. There 
were in all twenty-two competitors. Both of the wo- 
men received appointments, Dr. Jeanett Kearsly as 
interne and Dr, Helen Gilman as first alternate. 
Their success struck new terror to the hearts of the 
Hospital Staff and the commissioners. There was some 
talk of making future provision not to let the women 
try, “For,” said one of the staff, “we have one woman 
on duty now. Dr. Kearsly goes on in the Fall, then 
should anything happen to one of the male internes, 
the first alternate would go on and she is a woman, 
and that would make three women among the eight 
internes. That would never do!” 
There was more interviewing done than the world 
will ever know, and the proceedings of the County 
Commissioners were more closely watched by the 
Woman’s College than they, the commissioners, ever 
dreamed of; but they passed no law against women as 
yet. We come to the class of ’B9. History of Competitive Examinations. 
91 
This year there were two competitive examinations, 
one for position in Cook County Hospital, and one for 
the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary. The examinations 
for Cook County were written, the questions fair, and 
everything was arranged So that no partiality could 
be shown for any of the schools. 
The number of competitors was twenty-nine—five 
women and twenty-four men. Out of these five wo-' 
men Dr. Bertha Bush and Dr, Alice Piper won places 
as internes and Dr. May Fowler as alternate. The 
women were comparatively the most successful, and 
their success was cheerfully recognized by Chicago 
Medical College, who repeatedly sent over their con- 
gratulations to the “girls.” 
In the Eye and Ear Infirmary there were five com- 
petitors (two women and three men), out of whom 
one woman, Dr. May Fowler, was appointed as in- 
terne. I understand from good authority that Dr. 
Alice Piper would have been appointed as alternate 
had she been a man. This makes really four 
assigned, but five positions won by five women. The 
women head the list of all the schools for this year. 
This would be something to be proud of had the ad- 
vantages been always the same, but looking over the 
past, who can deny the unprecedented progress which 
this school has attained? 
We believe that nothing in the entire history of the 
college has been so conducive to the high rank which 
it takes to-day as the persistent efforts on the part 
of the students to be given an opportunity to fairly 
and squarely test their ability by entering into the 
competitive examinations and by insisting on equal 
privileges with the men in holding positions in their 
public institutions. 92 
Class Histories. 
No woman studying medicine to-day will ever know 
how much it has cost the individuals who were person- 
ally concerned in bringing about these changes; how 
eagerly they have watched the new developments and 
mourned over each defeat and rejoiced with each suc- 
cess, for with them it meant much more than success 
or failure for the individual, it meant the failure or 
success of a grand cause. 
CLASS HISTORIES. 
Prepared by EDITH A. H. FYFFE. 
The alumnae of the Northwestern University Wo- 
man’s Medical School number 420. Of these 340 
have answered letters sent to them during the present 
Autumn and Winter, and 26 have passed away. Of 
the remaining 54 the addresses of 25 could not be 
found, 23 are missionaries in foreign lands and 30 have 
given up the practice of medicine. The large major- 
ity report that they enjoy their work and are doing 
well professionally and financially. 
Cole-Blackman, Julia, Geneva, 111. 
CLASS OF 1870-71. 
(See biography following.) 
Kent, Augusta, deceased. 
Miller, Linda, deceased. 
The history of the class of iB7O-’7i is necessarily 
a brief one, as its life was short and its numbers few. 
Moreover, they were and could be but foster chil- 
dren in this first year of the life of the college. 
Mrs. Miller’s antecedents are not known. Mrs. 
Kent and Miss Cole both attended the Chicago Med- Class Histories. 
ical College the Winter before, the only year it was 
ever open to women, taking successfully the Junior 
and part of the Middle year studies. The closing of the 
college doors to women the next year caused the neces- 
sity which led to the hasty forming of this school of 
medicine for women, which consisted simply of the 
faculty of the parent institution, holding, however, 
such strong names as Wm. H. Byford, Wm. God- 
frey Dyas, Mare Delafontaine and Norman Bridge 
on its list. Competent women physicians were few 
and far between in those days, and Mary H. Thomp- 
son is the only one that appears on the list of the 
faculty that opened the college. 
The lectures were given in the parlors and dispen- 
sary of the Hospital for Women and Children. Few 
appliances were there that first Winter with which 
to illustrate or elucidate. Some of the teachers were 
themselves fresh from college, and professors and 
pupils struggled together over the difficult problems 
presented by the genus Homo in health and disease, 
with little extraneous assistance. 
The dissecting room was a loft in one of those grimy 
old buildings that used to stand by the river before 
the Chicago fire, to which we climbed by way of four 
flights of stairs, finding there, however, a helper and 
friend in Dr. Addison H. Foster, our Demonstrator 
of Anatomy. 
JULIA COLE BLACKMAN. 
The subject of this sketch was the fourth in a family 
of six children, born to Samuel Root Cole and Lurancy 
Green. She was born on the old Cole homestead in 
Jefferson County, New York, on December 17, 1849, of 
poor but honest and intelligent parents. Of her ances- 
tors, so far as known, but one fact need be stated— 94 
Class Histories. 
that the author of the family tree had,* in his search, 
found not one black sheep when he reached this branch 
and it could be said to him, “You will not find it here.” 
Coming to Du Page County, Illinois, with her parents 
when five years old, until the age of fifteen she lived in 
the center of a three hundred acre farm, enjoying a free, 
untrammeled, happy childhood; removing then to the 
little village of Danby, thence a couple of years later 
to Chicago. What education she had was secured in 
the public schools, enabling her to secure a certificate 
for teaching. The family at this time moving to 
Chicago, she, too strongly attached to home and 
mother to bear the thought of separation, followed the 
family fortunes and at the age of nineteen began the 
study of medicine with Dr. Mary H. Thompson, who 
was at that time Resident Physician in the Chicago 
Hospital for Women and Children, then established 
but a few years and occupying a private residence on 
Ohio Street. Miss Cole entered the hospital at this 
time and lived there continuously the three years that 
she pursued the study of medicine, going with the hos- 
pital when it was removed to North State Street, where 
it was located at the time of her graduation. Here she 
gained a practical knowledge of nursing, as well as of 
all branches of dispensary and hospital work, from 
bottle * washer and drug dispenser, reaching the height 
of senior student, having the care of the outside 
charity practice of the hospital the last year of her res- 
idence. 
The second year, the Chicago Medical College hav- 
ing opened its doors to women, she matriculated there 
and took up and successfully passed examinations in the 
Junior and part of the Middle years’ studies, including 
a course in dissecting and attendance upon the clinics Class Histories. 
95 
of the County and Mercy hospitals. She also attended 
the Summer course in this college of 1870. In the 
Fall a school of medicine for women being opened, in 
connection with the Hospital for Women and Children, 
she entered the new school and was one of its first 
class of three, graduating on February 23, 1871. 
JULIA C. BLACKMAN. 
On June first, of the same year, she was married to 
F. H. Blackman, a graduate, with honors, of the 
Chicago Medical College in 1870 then located and 
successfully practicing his profession at Geneva, Illinois. 
Thither with her husband, Julia A. Cole, now Julia 
Cole Blackman, went to reside and there has lived 
continuously ever since. 
While this couple were still strangers, during her 
attendance at the Chicago Medical College, it chanced 
that they were two of a number of students who 96 
Class Histories. 
boarded the same street car to go down town one night. 
Her friend, Mrs. Kent, was also among the number 
and a lively discussion arose as to the propriety, or 
desirability, of women studying medicine. During a 
lull in the controversy Mr. Blackman leaned forward 
and in his slow, deliberate way said: “Well, no daugh- 
ter of mine shall ever study medicine!” This was too 
much for Miss Cole and in her own rather emphatic 
manner she stated: “My daughter shall do as she 
pleases.” They met and loved and married, after the 
good old-fashioned way of men and women, and to 
them was born but one child, a daughter, Julia May, 
May ii, 1873. And the mother thinks as she did 
before, while the father would be well pleased if the 
daughter’s inclination led her to adopt the profession 
of which he is so fond and in which he has been suc- 
cessful, but an inherited and cultivated talent and 
taste for music leads her in more flowery paths. 
Mrs. Blackman practiced her profession independ- 
ently the first years of her married life. Dropping 
this, through years of physical weakness following 
severe illness, it has never been resumed as health and 
strength returned. She has always been her husband’s 
assistant, however, in office and surgical work; also his 
bookkeeper and collector. 
Since 1875 she has been a member of the Fox River 
Valley Medical Society: in fact, was its first woman 
member and has held the position of secretary and 
treasurer in that society. She tells an incident in 
connection with her initiation as follows; “The society 
had been invited to meet at the Elgin Insane Asylum, 
the members to bring their wives and take dinner 
there. I went as a wife; but during the morning ses- 
sion, while I was busily engaged in cultivating the Class Histories. 
97 
acquaintance of the other wives of medical men, the 
members of the F. R. V. M. A. had concluded to 
accept me as a member and when they convened 
after dinner sent for me to join them. As I took my 
seat among them I observed to my horror that Dr. 
Kilbourne had just passed around a box of cigars and 
nearly every gentleman present sat with a cigar poised 
between his fingers uncertain what to do, while poor 
Dr. Kilbourne’s face was a study. What was to be 
done? It would never do for all those men to forego 
their after-dinner cigars, if women were to hope to 
gain and hold a desirable footing in that society. 
Those men would just remember that a woman in the 
society was an uncomfortable thing, without recalling 
circumstances. Woman’s wit and self-sacrifice came 
to the rescue. I beckoned Dr. K. to me and begged 
the gentlemen would not delay their cigars on my 
account, and in five minutes you could have cut the 
smoke with a knife.” She felt the situation was saved, 
as women have always been welcome members of this 
society and have held in it all positions of trust and 
honor. 
Other public positions held by her have been; A 
term as President of the Geneva Improvement Associa- 
tion, of which society she has now been Secretary for 
four or five consecutive years; President of the village 
literary society, leader of a woman’s study class, 
church trustee and lay reader, with all offices that can 
be held in a church sewing society, fill out the list of 
public positions of trust and work held by her so far 
in a busy life. 98 
Class Histories. 
BENNETT, MARY ELLEN—Normal Park, 111. Instructor in Anat- 
omy W. M. Coll., 1880-81. 
ENGERT, ROSA—34 Washington St., Chicago, 111. Dr. Engert is one 
of our most earnest pioneers. Successful in practice, she has made 
many converts to the cause, and has ever been a loyal friend of the 
Alumnae, encouraging the work of the school both by the award- 
ing of prizes and good words. Special work, gynecology. 
Attending Surgeon Mary Thompson Hosp. W. and C., 1874- 
76. Clinical Instructor Gynecology and Microscopy N. W. U. W. M. 
Sch., 1877-78. Visiting physician Home for Incurables, 1877-79. 
Member Chi. Med. Soc., 111. S. Med. Soc. and Am. Med. Asso. 
FINCH, SARAH J.—Ft. Ann, New York. General practice. 
HANCOCK-WEDGEWOOD, CHARLOTTE M—Waukon, lowa. Not 
in practice, but finds her medical education of great service as wife 
and mother. During 1875 was interne to Chi. Hosp. for W. and C. 
and served Rockford Seminary, while a student, as nurse. Miss Sill, 
principal, wished her to return after graduation, to serve the institu- 
tion as “Nurse,” but the Doctor, preferring to be Resident Physician, 
declined the position. Her life has been active, she having served as 
deputy recorder of her county. 
HOLLAND, MARGARET E.—Houston, Texas. Located in Houston 
in April, 1874. Practice general, among women and children, and 
affords a comfortable income. The Doctor also enjoys the respect 
of the profession of her city, and meets them in consultation, as 
they meet her. 
SPRAGUE, PHCEBE A.—Springfield, Mass. Has had a successful gen- 
eral practice and has given considerable time to post-graduate study. 
CLASS OF 1873* —Margaret E. Holland, Historian. 
CLASS OF 1874. —C. T. F. Stringer, Historian. 
CORR, LUCINDA—The Home Hosp., Carlinville, 111. Dr. Corr was 
graduated from the “little brown barn,” and was valedictorian of her 
class, and is a successful practitioner, finding time to devote to such 
secular matters as the work of the W. C. T. U. Her specialties are 
nervous diseases and gynecology. Instructor in Physical Culture and 
Prevention of Diseases. Member County and State Med. societies 
and Am. Med. Asso. 
LUND, MILLA C. SVANOE—Empire City, Nev. 
PARTRIDGE, ELLEN—Address unknown. 
QUINE, LETTIE MASON—Chicago, 111. Not in practice. 
STEVENSON, SARAH HACKETT—341 Rush St., Chicago, 111. Pres, 
staff National Temperance Hosp. Ex-Prof, of Obstetrics N. W. U. 
W. M. Sch. Pres. Chi. Maternity Hosp. Med. Lecturer 111. Train- 
ing Sch. for Nurses. Consulting Chi. Worn. Hosp. and for 
Erring Woman’s Refuge. Member 111. S. Board of Health, Chi. 
Med., 111. S. Med. and Medico-Legal societies, and first woman to 
be admitted to Am. Med. Asso. 
STRINGER, C. F.—Aurora, 111. Work principally philanthropic. 
WALTON, JANE—Deceased. 
* In this chapter, and that entitled Contributions to Medical Literature, the follow- 
ing abbreviations are used; N. W. U. W. M. Sch. (Northwestern University Woman’s 
Medical School!; W. M. Coll. (Woman’s Medical College); W. M. Sch. (Woman’s Medical 
School); 111. S. Med. Soc. (Illinois State Medical Society); Med. Soc. (Medical Society): 
Am. Med. Asso. (American Medical Association); Chi. Med. Soc. (Chicago Medical 
Society); Chi. Path. Soc. (Chicago Pathological Society); Chi. Hosp. W. and C. (Chicago 
Hospital for Women and Children); Worn. Hosp. (Woman's Hospital): hosp. (hospital): 
phys. (physician.) Class Histories. 
99 
BROWN, SARAH A.—All trace of her lost. 
CALKINS, LOTTIE E.—Not in practice. 
MARSH, JULIA N.—Monte Vista, Colo. Ex-mterne Mary Thompson 
Hosp. W. and C. Has never given much attention to the practice 
of medicine. Since 1885 Pres. Monte Vista Pub. Lib. Asso. 
ROOT, EDITH A.—Denver, Colo. General practice and particularly 
successful with children. After graduation Dr. Root studied clinical 
medicine in San Francisco, Cal. For twenty years she has prac- 
ticed in Denver, keeping abreast of medical science, and doing her 
share toward the growth of confidence now reposed in the medical 
woman. 
SHELTON, ELIZABETH D.—Stanton, Kan. General practice. 
WAGSTAFF, M. P. T.—Los Angeles, Cal. General Practice. Member 
Los Angeles Med. Soc. 
WOLF, DELIGHT J.—Deceased. 
CLASS OF 1875.—Edith A. Root, Historian. 
CLASS OF 1876. —Margaret Caldwell, Historian. 
BARLOW-DIVEN, AD ELI A.—Chicago, 111. Was in active practice 
until her marriage to Mr. Devin. Is not in practice, giving her time 
to her children and to home life. 
BOWEN, MARY A.—Office, Marshall Field Building, Chicago, 111. 
After graduation engaged in general practice for some years, but is 
now occupied chiefly in office work, which affords an excellent in- 
come. Member of the Chi. Med. and Chi. Path, societies. 
BICKFORD. EVA.—Deceased. 
CALDWELL, MARGARET.—Waukesha, Wis. After graduation prac- 
ticed two years in Chicago, when she removed to Waukesha. Line 
of work, chiefly gynecology, with minor sttrgery. The Doctor strives 
to elevate and uphold the prestige of medical women by efficiency 
and skill. Member Wis. S. Med. Soc. and Am. Med. Asso. Lately 
elected Yice-Pres. Wis. S. Med. Soc. 
GARRISON, HARIETT E.—Dixon, 111. General practice. Was born 
in 1848 on a farm near Dixon. Her education was obtained in the 
district schools and Dixon Seminary. She began the study of 
medicine with Dr. John Williamson of Dixon, 111. Two years later 
she entered the Worn. Med. Sch. Dr. Garrison has done her 
share of pioneer work in Dixon, and now stands among the leading 
physicians of the city. Member 111. S. Med. Soc. and Am. Med. 
Asso. 
GROUARD, LOUISA M.—Deceased. 
HALE, AMY M.—Roseland, Louisiana. 
MANSFIELD, LOIS FlTCH—Watertown, N. Y. Has practiced here 
since graduation, save occasional winters spent in Santa Barbara, Cal. 
The Doctor enjoys a “living practice.” Member of the Jefferson Co. 
Med. Soc., and the first woman to be admitted. 
RANSLOW-HUNT, AMANDA—Minneapolis, Minn. General prac- 
tice, and is connected with hospital work in Minneapolis. 
RUSSELL-BENNETT, H. C.—Monroe, Wis. General practice. Mem- 
ber of the County Med. Soc. 100 
Class Histories. 
CLASS OF 1877.—Jennie Tar box. Historian. 
BURROUGHS-STERRET, BLANCHE—AIameda, Cal. Associated 
with her husband, S. T. Sterret, in missionary work. Previous to 
marriage was a successful practitioner. 
DAWSON, LOUISE. 
TARBOX, JENNIE. 
VAN ROLSHAUSEN, ELLEN—Logansport, Ind. 
BALLARD, ANNA L.—Lansing, Mich. Received her non-professional 
education and taught school in this, her native city. Entered the 
medical department of Mich. University in 1873, ancl graduated from 
the N. W. U. W. M. Sch. in 1878, after which she served as interne 
in the Chi. Hosp. W. and C. Afterward she returned to Lansing 
to engage in practice, where she has met with gratifying success, 
being one of the organizers of the Lansing Med. Soc., acting for 
seven years as its secretary, and for one year as its president. Mem- 
ber of the State Med. Soc. and has served on its committees. General 
practice, including considerable surgery. 
BODELSON, HELEN B.—Moline, 111. Engaged in active general 
practice. Served for several years as Assistant Physician in the 
Hosp. for the Insane at Lincoln, Neb. 
GREEN, LIDA E.—Farwell, S. Dak. 
MAX-HYACYNTH, AUGUSTA—Chicago, 111. Not m practice. 
NORMINGTON, CLARA K. 
STALLARD-DAILY, ELEANOR—Omaha, Neb. General practice. 
Attending Phys. to the Presbyterian Hosp. Member Douglas Co. 
Hosp. staff and in good standing in the State, County, City and Mis- 
souri Valley Med. societies. 
STEPHENS, NANNIE A.—Kansas City, Mo. After graduating, took 
a post-graduate course in the East, and then located in Wichita, Kan., 
where she engaged in general practice until the Autumn of 1893. 
The Doctor then removed to Kansas City, and took a special and 
post-graduate course in surgery. Lecturer on Obstetrics in the 
W. Med. Coll, of Kansas City and Clinical Instructor in the college. 
She has received an appointment as Attending Phys. to the Maternity 
Hosp. Practice at present general. 
CLASS OF 1878. —Anna L. Ballard, Historian. 
CLASS OF 1879. —Catherine B. Slater, Historian.* 
BUSHNELL, KATE C.—Evanston. 111. Ex-evangelist Social Purity 
Department, W. C. T. U. (See Missionary Workers.) 
MEGLER, MARIE J.—34 Washington St., Chicago, 111. Class vale- 
dictorian. Passed the first successful competitive examination for 
physician in Cook County Asylum, the position being given to a male 
physician. In 1879-80 took post-graduate course in University of 
Zurich. Gynecology and surgery. Sec. and Prof, of Gynecology 
and Clinical Gynecology, N. W. U. W. M- Sch., Attending Surgeon 
Worn. Hosp. and Lincoln St. Dispensary, Prof. Gyn. in Post-Graduate 
Med. Sch., and Head Phys. and Surg. Mary Thompson Hosp. W. 
and C. Attending Phys. to Cook Co. Hosp. in 1882, and 
Past Gynecologist to Wesley Hosp. Member 111. S. Med., Chi. Med. 
and Chi. Path, societies and Am. Med. Asso. 
* This class paved the way for the admission of women as internes to the Cook 
County medical institutions. Class Histories. 
101 
,McMAHON, AGNES—Atkins, S. C. Gynecology and surgical gyne- 
cology. After graduating Dr. McMahon served as interne to the 
Woman’s Hosp. of Chicago. Afterward she located in Evansville, 
Ind., engaging in general practice there for fourteen years. She was 
appointed physician to the Orphan Asylum; president of the Sanitary 
League, and was a member of the Board of Managers of the Train- 
ing School for Nurses. Member of the Ind. St. Med. Soc. and the 
Am. Med. Asso. The year of 1895 was spent in travel and study in 
Europe. 
MOSS-McGOWAN, JULIA N— Fresno Flats, Cal. General practice, 
largely charitable among the inhabitants of the mountainous dis- 
tricts. 
SLATER, CATHERINE BROWN—Aurora, 111. Began to read medi- 
cine in 1873, at Aurora, under the preceptorship of Jennie G. Brown, 
M. D.. and Julius Groat, M. D.; was graduated M. D., from the Worn. 
Hosp. Med. Coll., now the N. W. U. W. M. Sch., Feb. 27, 1879, after 
two courses of lectures, and has practiced medicine in Aurora since 
March 1, of that year. She also took a post-graduate course in the 
University of Berlin, in 1890-91, being admitted to the clinics in sur- 
gery, gynecology, obstetrics, and bacteriology, with a course in 
Koch’s laboratory. Visited Hygienic Institute, Paris, in the same 
year. Dr. Slater is a member of the Aurora Med. Soc., secretary 
1883-85; Fox River Valley Med. Soc., secretary 1886-89; HI. S. Med. 
Soc.; Am. Med. Asso.; International Med. Congress, delegated to its 
meetings in 1887-90; Alumnae Asso. of the Worn. Hosp. Med. Coll., 
president in 1893; W. C. T. U.; and of the Order of the Eastern Star. 
Dr. Slater has been a member of the staff of physicians and surgeons, 
and Visiting Phys. to the Aurora City Hosp. since 1891, and Surgeon 
to Relief Corps No. 10, Department of Illinois, since 1892. She 
is a general practitioner, but has done much general and gyneco- 
surgery. 
BOUCHER, ADDIE AlKENS—Deceased. 
DAVENPORT, ALMIRA-—Tacoma, Wash. 
DOBSON, JENNIE M.*—Muskegon, Mich. Diseases of women and 
children. 
HAYNER, JENNIE E.—Chicago, HI. General practice. First Secre- 
tary of the Alumnae Asso. Teacher of Visceral Anatomy, Worn. Med. 
Coll., spring term of 1881. Interne to Chi. Hosp. W. and C. 
McKITTERICK, ELIZABETH—Guthrie, Oklahoma. General prac- 
tice. While a resident of Chicago served as Resident Phys. to Home 
for Incurables and Martha Washington Home. 
PATTON, JULIA M.—- Holyoke, Mass. Gynecology. Ex-interne Worn. 
Hosp. Studied in Dresden and Vienna. Member staff of Holyoke 
Hosp. and House of Providence Hosp. 
PLATT, AMELIA A.—Cooperstown, N. Y. 
ROCKWELL, MARY L.—Johnston Center, Wis. General country 
practice. • 
WANTY, EMMA NICHOLS—Grand Rapids, Mich. Diseases of women 
and children. Gynecologist to Butterworth Hosp. Member Acad- 
emy of Med., Grand Rapids, S. Med. Soc. and Am. Med. Asso. After 
graduation was interne to Worn. Hosp. under Dr. Byford. 
WATTS, EUGENIA. 
CLASS OF 1880. —Emma M. Nichols-Wanty, Historian. 
* Just before going to press we were pained to learn of Dr. Dobson’s death at Mas 
kegon, from pneumonia. 102 
Class Histories. 
CLASS OF 1881.—H.. Frances Sercombe, Historian. 
BALDWIN, MARCELLA C. 
BATES, MARY E.—Denver, Colo. Gynecology and general practice. 
Ex-interne Cook Co. Hosp., Demonstrator of Anatomy session of 
1882-83. Prof. Anatomy N. W. U. W. M. Sch., 1884-89, and Lecturer 
on minor surgery. Dr. Bates studied in Vienna in 1883-84. She has 
served also on the dispensary staff of the Chi. Hosp. W. and C. 
BUTEN, MARY RYERSON—Madera. Cal. General practice and ob- 
stetrics. Practiced ten years in Dorchester, Neb. Member of County 
and State Med. societies. 
CAMPBELL, AUGUSTA S.—Deceased. 
CORNELL, ANNA G.—Address: Dr. F. W. Rogers, Hartford, Wis. 
Practiced ten years in Milwaukee Co. Hosp. and organized the Mil- 
waukee Co. Training Sch. for Nurses, the first in the State (Wis.). 
CONRY, AUGUSTA S.—Deceased. 
DICKERSON, LOUISE A.—Weber Music Hall, Chicago, 111. 
FAIRBANKS, ELLEN M.—Deceased. 
GILCHRIST, ELLA M.—Deceased. 
NORRED, ELIZABETH D.—Minneapolis, Minn. General practice. 
OLIVER, EMMA L.—Deceased. 
PARK, LOTTIE Diego, Cal. General practice. Visiting Phys. 
to Non-Sectarian Hosp., San Diego. 
PERKINS, STELLA AKERS.—Tien Tsin, China. Missionary. 
ROBERTS, ANNA E. HOFF. 
SERCOMBE, HARRIET FRANCES—42B Jackson St, Milwaukee, 
Wis. Gynecology, obstetrics and pediatrics. Physician to Wiscon- 
sin Industrial Sch. for Girls. Member consulting staff of Asylum 
for Chronic Insane; staff of Elms Hosp. for Worn., and of Johnston 
Emergency Hosp.; V.-Pres. of Board of Directors of Milwaukee 
Children’s Hosp. Dr. Sercombe served as interne to the Chi. Hosp. 
W. and C., a term of one year as interne to the New England Hosp., 
Boston, and spent nearly two years in study at Vienna. 
SIMMONDS, ELECTA M.—Erie, 111. 
WORCESTER, OLIVE E.—Conant, Fla. General practice. After 
graduation served as interne to Chi. Hosp. W. and C. Member Flor- 
ida State Med. Soc. In 1892 elected chairman to the section of 
Children’s Diseases. 
CLASS OF 1882.—S. B. Graver, Historian. 
ARLAND-ANDERSON. HARIETT—Pine Bluff, Wis. General prac- 
tice. She is a member of the Wis. State Med. Soc. 
AUTEN-PINE, ALCINDA—St. Paul, Minn. Practice, general. Has 
studied in the clinics of Europe. Member Minn. State Med. Soc.; also 
of Ramsey County Med. Soc., of which the Doctor has been corre- 
sponding secretary. 
BUCKLEY-PAUL, MARY—Bryan, Ohio. General practice. 
COPP. ISABEL R.—Northport, Mich. Practice general, with special 
attention to the diseases of children. Dr. Copp served as assistant 
to Dr. Earle’s clinic for two years after graduation; gave a term of 
service as interne Woman’s Hospital and' lectured in the college 
spring term of 1882. 
GRAVER, S. B.—Residence and office, 3326 Monroe St., Toledo, Ohio. 
After graduation served as Resident Phys. to Chi. Hosp. W. and C.; 
also six months as externe. After which she located in Bryan, Ohio. 
Here she practiced several years, when she received the appointment Class' Histories. 
as Physician to the Ohio State Insane Asylum, afterward removing 
to Toledo. Member of the Am. Med. Asso., Defiance Med. Soc., 
and the Northwestern Ohio Med. Soc. Practice is general. 
CHURCH, ANNA F.—North Platte, Nebraska. General practice 
among women and children. 
DAGGETT, LAURA F.—Yankton, S. D. Member of the Am. Med. 
Asso. and the Minnehaha Med. Soc. of Dakota. 
DOBBINS-RICHARDS, ANNETTE S.—Chicago, 111. Line of work, 
general practice, chiefly among women and children. Senior Attend- 
ing Phys. to the medical department Mary Thompson Hosp., and also 
a member of its dispensary staff. Served as interne to that institu- 
tion, after graduation. 
HOLLISTER, MARY C—Marshall Field Building, Chicago, 111. Dis- 
eases of eye and ear, nose and throat. After graduating served a 
term as interne to the Chi. Hosp. W. and C. After finishing her 
hospital service went to lowa, where she did a general practice. Com- 
ing to Chicago she gave her entire time to the specified specialties. 
She is now Instructor in Ophthalmology and Otology in the Worn. 
Med. Sch.; Attending Oculist and Aurist to the Mary Thompson Hosp. 
W. and C.; Lecturer on Eye and Ear, Chicago Training School for 
Home and Foreign Missions and Consulting Oculist and Aurist to La 
Rabida Fresh Air Sanitarium, at Jackson Park. For five years she 
was assistant surgeon at the Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirm- 
ary, Chicago. 
JESSUP-SMITH, LOUISE F.—Wabash, Ind. General practice, gyne- 
cology, and its surgery, with Obstetrics taking the lead. After grad- 
uation, was interne to the Worn. Hosp., Chicago, and assistant in 
Green Springs Sanitarium, Ohio. Member of the Wabash Co. Med. 
Soc. and the Indiana State Med. Soc. 
KNIGHT, MARY C.—Aurora, 111. General practice. Received an ap- 
pointment to the medical staff of City Hospital, this year (1896). 
LIEBERG-MARVIN, CARRIE E.—Hope, Idaho. Does an ordinary 
general practice in a mountainous and unsettled country. Practice 
entails long railway journeys, or still harder trips into the moun- 
tains. The income from such a practice is necessarily small, but the 
Doctor enjoys the honor of being the only woman railway surgeon 
in the world. Her service extends over two hundred miles of road. 
MILLER, KATHERINE (A. M.)— Lincoln, 111. General practice. 
Member of the Brainard District Med. Soc. and 111. S. Med. Soc. 
Served on various committees of both societies. Has served the 
first as president for one year, and is now acting as its secretary 
for the second term. 
NICHOLS-JONES, STELLA B.—Eldorado, Wis. General practice. 
Practiced in Davenport, la., five years after graduating; the follow- 
ing two years in Chicago. Attended a post-graduate course in New 
York, when she married Dr. Thos. Jones. 
PRINDLE-SMITH, FRANCES—Chicago, 111. After graduating Dr. 
Prindle located in Streator, 111., where she practiced successfully for 
ten years, making a specialty of diseases of women and children. 
After her marriage the Doctor retired to private life, and made her 
home in St. Louis, from there coming to Chicago. 
ROOT, ELIZA H.—Chicago, 111. In the college spring term, 1882, Dr. 
Root gave her first course of lectures; subject, “The Lymphatic Sys- 
tem.” In 1883-84 was Assistant to chair of Nervous Diseases; in 
1885 was appointed Lecturer of Hygiene and Medical Jurisprudence, 
and afterward Professor. In 1886 received the appointment of At- 
tending Phys. to the obstetrical ward of the Chi. Hosp. for W. and C., Class Histories. 
serving ten years as obstetrician, and as member of its Dispensary 
staff. Her Alma Mater, in recognition of the advantages of her 
clinical teaching in the obstetrical ward, made her Professor of Clin- 
ical Obstetrics at the Chi. Flosp. for W. and C. Lecturer on Hygiene 
and Emergency Obstetrics, in the Chicago Training School for Home 
and Foreign Missions. In 1891 Dr. Root attended clinics in Vienna 
and in 1893 received an appointment to the medical staff of Wesley 
Hosp. Prof. Obstetrics, N. W. U. W. M. Sch. Member Am. Med. 
Asso., 111. S. Med., Chi. Med. and Chi. Path, societies. 
SECORD, ELIZABETH C.—Located in New Brunswick. 
SWAIN, RACHEL—lndianapolis, Ind. Line of practice, treatment of 
chronic diseases of women in her own private sanitarium. For four 
years has served as president of a local “society of hygiene.” Has 
studied abroad, her investigations being chiefly confined to Parisian 
hospitals. 
TWITTY MILLS, ANNA—Vinita, Indian Territory. Dr. Twitty prac- 
ticed several years at Wichita, Kan. Not in practice 
WASS, ANNIS T.~Minneapolis, Minn. General practice. Ex-interne 
Worn. Hosp., Minneapolis. Member Deaconess Committee of As- 
bury Hosp., Minneapolis, and of State Med. Soc. Ex-chairman 
Pediatrics Minnesota S. Med. Soc. 
WASS, LIZZIE R.—Minneapolis, Minn. Nervous diseases. Ex-in- 
terne N. W. Hosp. for W. and C. Has studied and done original 
work in Medical Electricity. Ex-chairman of sections of Obstetrics 
and Nervous Diseases, Minnesota S. Med. Soc. of which she is a 
member. 
WALRATFI, BELL M.—St. Paul, Minn. Line of work, gynecology 
and obstetrics. Member of the State and County Med. societies. 
WISHON-BUCHANAN, JENNIE—No address. 
BROWN-GIRARD, AUGUSTA DE FOREST—N. Y. City. Special 
study of vocal and physical culture at Conservatory of Milan. Served 
during cholera epidemic of 1884 in France, for which she was pre- 
sented with various scholarships. 
CASSEL, ELIZABETFI A.—Salinas, Monterey Co., Cal. General prac- 
tice. Before going to California enjoyed a successful practice in 
Elkhart, Ind. 
DICKINSON, FRANCES—Office. 70 State St., Chicago. Eye and ear. 
Professor Ophthalmology in West Side Post-Graduate School and 
Flarvey Medical College. Secretary and Treasurer Flarvey Medical 
College. Ex-interne Mary Thompson Hosp. Member Chi. Physi- 
cians’ Club, Chi. Med. Soc., Chi. Ophthalmological Soc., Am. Med. 
Asso. and 111. S. Med. Soc. 
GROAT, FRANK A.—St. Joseph, Mo. Member and Secretary North- 
western Missouri Med. Soc. Practice general. 
HOLTON, ELIZABETH S.—Englewood, 111. Not in practice. 
HYDE-FOOTE, LAURA M.—Rochester, N. Y. Not in practice. 
KELLEY-PEFFER. JULIA—Milwaukee, Wis. General practice, and 
member of the Wis. State Med. Soc. 
LANE, SOPHRONIA M.-—Plain City, Ohio. Engaged in general prac- 
tice, giving prominence to mental and nervous diseases. During 
1885-89, member of the Board of Management of State Home for 
the Friendless. Chairman W. C. A. Dispensary, of Lincoln. Mem- 
ber Lincoln Med. Soc., secretary in 1886 and 1889. Member of the 
Nebraska State Med. Soc., serving on committees. In Nov., 1891, 
CLASS OF 1883. Sophronia M. Lane, Historian. Class Histories. 
105 
received from the Governor of the State the appointment of Assistant 
Phys. to the Nebraska Hosp. for the Insane, which she filled until 
June, 1895. 
MAHONEY, VIRGINIA—Phcenix, Ariz. Assistant Physician to 
the County Hosp. and Past Assistant to the Territorial Plosp. for 
the Insane. The Doctor has been in active practice since graduation 
in Phoenix, and has secured a large clientele among the Spanish 
residents. 
PORTER-CUMMINGS, SARAH—Spiceland, Ind. Not in practice. 
(See Missionary Workers.) 
RICE, ALICE HARTWELL—East Las Vegas, New Mexico. General 
and gynecological. Attending Phys. Relief Hosp., Las Vegas, and 
President Relief Society. 
RUGGLES, GEORGIA S.—Chicago. Ex-interne Worn. Hosp., Chicago. 
Attending Phys. Erring Women’s Refuge; Lecturer Baptist Mission- 
ary Soc.; Attending Phys. Worn. Hosp., and Clinical Professor Har- 
vey Medical College Member Chi. Med, Soc. and member of staff 
Charity Hosp. 
SHIPP, FARINDA J.—Springfield, 111. General practice and obstetrics. 
Member 111. S. Med. Soc. 
SUMMERFIELD, ALICE. 
SAUNDERS, CHARITY A.—Deceased. 
SMITH, AVIS E.—Kansas City, Mo. General practice. Master Science 
University of Illinois. Lecturer on Obstetrics in Scanwilt Bible, and 
Nurses’ Training School (member of faculty and training staff); Pro- 
fessor of Mental and Nervous Diseases in University Medical College 
Training School for Nurses; Professor Pediatrics in Worn. Med. 
Coll., Kansas City, and Attending Phys. to Woman’s Refuge. Mem- 
ber Jackson Co. Med. Soc. 
WHITE, MARY A.—Moreland, 111. General practice. 
WHITE, ISABELLA SMITH.—Oak Park, 111. Not in practice. 
CLASS OF 1884.—Elizabeth H. Trout, Historian. 
BUSHNELL, MAY T.—Deceased. 
COLBY, MARGARET E.—Clear Lake, la. Gynecology and obstetrics. 
Member Austin Flint Med. Soc. 
DAY, FRANCES O.—Deceased. 
DELANO/ABBIE E. BEASOM—San Francisco, Cal. Not in practice. 
EARLE, BESSIE—Grand Rapids, Mich. Ex-interne New England 
Hosp., Boston. Asst. Phys. to Massachusetts Hosp. for Insane. 
General practice. 
EWING, ELIZABETH WlLSON—Deceased. 
FITCH, ELLA—Ottawa, 111. General practice. 
GYDESON, MARY C. E.-—Formerly of Salina, Cal.; now married and 
a resident of Norway. 
HONEY, MARY—lnmate of insane hospital, Kankakee, 111. The sad 
termination of a promising, industrious life and years of hard study. 
HOWE, DELIA E.—Diamondale, Mich. Asst. Phys. to Eastern 111. 
Hosp. for Insane, Kankakee, 111. 
HUNT, FLORENCE—Lexington Hotel, Chicago. Ex-interne Dun- 
ning Insane Asylum. Specialty, nervous diseases. 
LOBDELL, MARY J.—Beloit, Kan. General practice. Phys. to Kan- 
sas Industrial School for Girls. Ex-interne to the Chi. Hosp. W. 
and C. 106 
Class Histories. 
McCURDY, FRANCES—Peoria, 111. General practice. Ex-interne to 
the Chi. Hosp. W. and C. 
MACE, ABBlE—Englewood, 111. General practice. Past Interne New 
England Hosp., Boston, Mass., 1884-85; Assistant Superintendent 
Dunning Infirmary, Cook Co., 111., 1888-91. 
MIXER, MARY AUGUSTA—70 State St.; Chicago ,111, After graduat- 
ing the Doctor served a term as Interne to the Chi. Hosp. W. and C. 
and the New England Hosp., after which she was made Professor 
of Physiology N. W. U. W. M. Sch., filling the chair acceptably 
for several years. Was appointed to the Attending staff of the Chi. 
Hosp. W. and C., for general surgery, and is still a recognized mem- 
ber of the staff. Prior to assuming her college and hospital duties 
the Doctor spent a year in Zurich, Switzerland. As director of the 
Woman’s Hospital on the World’s Fair grounds, in 1893, she per- 
formed the most arduous duties nobly and well. She is a member 
of the Chi. Med. Soc. and Woman’s Club. 
MAGILL, MARY—Deceased. 
PITTS, MARIE L. 
POWELL, LUCY E. ERMINE—1151 Washington Boul., Chicago. 111. 
Dr. Ermine has practiced in Florida and Chicago. Ex-interne Mary 
Thompson Hosp. 
REYNOLDS, MARY—Deceased. 
SMITH, MARY T.—No address. 
TROUT, ELIZABETH H.—Chicago, 111. Nervous and mental diseases. 
Assistant Professor Diseases Nervous System, N. W. U. W. M. Sch. 
Dr. Trout conducts a private sanitarium for the treatment of nervous 
and mental diseases. 
CLASS OF 1885.—Lydia La Baume, Historian. 
BATES, LAURA COWGIRL—27B Marshfield Ave.. Chicago, 111. Ob- 
stetrics and pediatrics. 
BLANCHARD. FRANCES CROTHERS—Wheaton, 111. Ex-interne 
Worn. Hosp. Practiced ten years in Des Moines, la., where she 
was Attending Phys. to the Benedict Home and the lowa State Chil- 
dren’s Home. Married Dr. C. D. Blanchard, President Wheaton 
College, in 1896. Professor of Hygiene in that institution, continu- 
ing in practice at Wheaton. 
BREWER, CARRlE—Deceased. 
BRUMBACK, SOPHIA WYBORG—109 Loomis St, Chicago, 111. Not 
in practice. 
BUSCHMAN, SUSANNE—Deceased. 
BRUNNER, MARY L. BINFORD—Greenfield, Ind. Obstetrics and 
gynecology. Has a private hospital. 
BURNET, ANNE—Clarinda, lowa. Nervous and mental diseases. Dr. 
Burnet, after graduating, served a term as interne in the Chi. Hosp. 
for W. and C., and helped to move the patients from the old hospital 
building to the new and more commodious one, now known as the 
Mary Thompson Hosp. for W. and C. For several years was Assist- 
ant Physician to the Kankakee Hospital for the Insane, and now 
fills a similar position in the Hospital for the Insane at Clarinda. 
COLLINS, NAOMI PlERCE—Decatur, 111. General practice. 
DEWEY, MARY E. BROWN—Wauwatosa, Wis. Does no medical 
work. First superintendent Illinois Training School for Nurses, 
Chicago, 111. Wife of Dr. Richard Dewey. 
DIBBLE, MARTHA CLEVELAND—309 Journal Block, Kansas City, 
Mo. Gynecology and diseases of the nervous system. Professor 
Clinical Gynecology, Worn. Med. Coll., Kansas City. Class Histories. 
107 
ERRANT-MOREY, DEREXA NETTlE—Chicago, 111. Dr. Morey 
practiced prior to her marriage to Mr. Joseph Errant, and held a 
position on the Dispensary staff, Chi. Hosp. W. and C. Not in 
practice. 
GLOSS, ANNA DENNIS—Pekin, China. (See Missionary Workers.) 
HERTIG, ELMlRA—Galesburg, 111. General practice. 
HOGLE-MASON, KATE—Mt. Vernon, lowa. General practice. Re- 
ceived the degree of A. M. from Cornell College, 1885; interne in 
Chi. Hosp. W. and C., 1885; practiced at Wellington, Kan., 1886-88; 
began practice at Mt. Vernon in 1889: post-graduate course at New 
York Polyclinic, 1891; spent 1894 studying in Zurich, Switzerland, 
Berlin, Germany, and at the London Post-Graduate School, and 
was married in London to Dr. Geo. W. Hogle. 
LA BAUME, LYDIA HOWELL—Aurora 111. General practice. 
Served as interne to the Chi. Hosp. W. and C., and entered into prac- 
tice in Aurora. During the spring of 1891 the care of an invalid 
son took her to California. In 1894 she returned to Aurora and 
resumed practice. She holds the position of City Physician, to which 
a salary is attached. Member of the Aurora Med. Soc., 111. S. Med. 
Soc. and the Am. Med. Asso. 
LACY, HARRIET G.—179 Lincoln ave., Chicago, 111. Gynecology. In- 
structor in gynecology, Post-Graduate Med. Sch., Chicago. 
PECHARDT, KATE—General practice. 
REED, ELEANOR C.—Peru, Neb. General practice. 
SCHUYLER, ANNA JACKSON—General practice. 
STERLING, MARION FAIRWEATHER—Masonic Temple, Chicago, 
111. Electro-therapeutics. 
TYLER, ALDORA—Clinton, 111. 
WRIGHT, FLORENCE DELLA TAYLOR—Hamilton, Ravalli Co., 
Mont. Not in practice. 
CLASS OF 1886.—Helen R. Kellogg, Historian 
BRAUNWARTH ANNA M.—Residence, 3x19 South Park Ave. Prac- 
tice, surgical gynecology. Practiced in Monmouth, 111., 1886-90. 
Ex-interne Worn. Hosp., Dispensary staff, N. W. U. settlement, 
South Side, Chicago. Lecturer on Asepsis to Nurse, Worn. Hosp., 
Chicago. Ex-Supt. Post-Graduate Hosp. Member State and Military 
Tract societies, and of the Pan-American Med. Congress. Is clinical 
and office assistant to Dr. Henry T. Byford. 
BULLARD, ROSE TALBOT—Los Angeles, Cal. General practice, 
confined to women and children. Studied, 1888-89, in Vienna. Sec. 
Los Angeles Co. Med. Soc. Associate editor of “Southern California 
Practitioner.” 
CUNNINGHAM, MARTHA-—Garrett, Kan. General practice. Served 
as interne to Chi. Hosp. W. and C. in 1887. 
COLLINS, FRANCES E.—Laredo, Tex. General practice. 
DELHORBE, SOPHIA—No address. 
DANFORTH, GRACE—Deceased. 
DION, DELVINA. 
EMERSON, IDA—Deceased. 
FINNY, KATE M.—loo State St., Chicago, 111. General practice. 
FULLAM, MERINDA—Aurora, 111. General practice. 
GAGE, ELLEN C. 108 
Class Histories. 
HAINES, BLANCHE MOORE—Three Rivers, Mich. General and 
gynecological assistant to her husband, Dr. T. J. Haines. Ex-interne 
Mary Thompson Hosp. In 1887 student in Polyclinic Med. Sch., 
Philadelphia. Ex-Phys. to Tabernacle Dispensary, Denver, Colo. 
Won the Rosa Engert microscopical prize in N. W. U. W. Med. Sch. in 
1886. 
HOSTETTER, EMMA ROYER—Chicago, 111. Not in practice. 
KELLOGG, HELEN R.—Chicago, 111. Has seen hospital service and 
spent two years in study at Vienna, Prof. Diseases of Children in 
Harvard Med. Night Sch. 
MARTIN, LOUISA—Chicago, 111. General practice. Pathologist to 
Harvard Med. Night Sch. Hosp., Chicago. 
THOMAS, JESSIE—Olathe, Kan. General practice. 
WHITE, CARRIE NOBLE—Urbana, 111. Diseases of women and chil- 
dren, general surgery, etc. Staff Phys. t.» Julia F. Burnham Hosp.. 
Champaign, 111. Member Champaign Co. Med. Soc. Has practiced 
successfully at Urbana since graduation. 
WILSON, DORA GREEN—Kansas City, Mo. Gynecology and dis- 
eases of the stomach. Staff Phys. to Dispensary Worn. Med. Coll., 
Kansas City. Ex-Phys. to State reform schools for girls, Missouri. 
Member Mo. State Med- Soc. and Am. Med. Asso. 
WYKOFF, LYDlA—Medical missionary. 
BAKER, M. L. JONES—Manhattan, 111. Not practicing. Practiced 
for three years before marriage. 
BARRY, MARIE F.—Pueblo, Colo. General practice. County Phys. 
Pueblo Co. and Sec. to County Med. Soc. 
BRADFORD, MARY E.-—Tobris, Persia. Medical missionary. 
BEARDSLEY, MAUD E.—No address. 
BROCKWAY, VlRx\—Chicago, 111. General practice and minor sur- 
gery. Instructor in Histology N. W. U. W. M. Sch. 
CARR, RACHEL HlCKEY—Chicago, 111. General practice. Surgery 
and obstetrics. Professor Histology N. W. U. W. M. Sch. Ex- 
interne Cook Co. Hosp. Member Chi. Med. Soc. and Physicians’ 
Club. 
CLARK, JENNIE BROOKINS—B29 West 21st. St., Chicago, 111. Not 
in active practice. 
CRANDALL, ALICE E. HUFF—San Diego, Cal. Practiced some 
years in Lincoln, Neb. Married and has three children. 
DODDS, JESSIE B. BROWN—Chicago, 111. Gynecology. Ex-interne 
Worn. Hosp., Chicago. Member of staff National Temperance Hosp., 
1892. 
DOUGLASS, ALBERTA—Deceased. 
GALLOWAY, RHODA—Bloomington, 111. Gynecological, medical 
and surgical. Staff Phys. to Deaconess’ Hosp., Bloomington. 
HEISE, ELLEN H.—Canton, 111. For two years after graduation prac- 
ticed in Chicago, and served as assistant to the chair of Anatomy 
in the N. W. tJ. W. M. Sch., and Clinical Assistant to the School 
Dispensary (Lincoln St), when she went to Canton and engaged 
in general practice, meeting with success. Member Military Tract 
and 111. S. Med. societies, and Am. Med. Asso. 
HOWARD, META—Albion, Mich. General practice. (See Missionary- 
Workers.) 
CLASS OF 1887. —Rachel Hickey-Carr, Historian. Class Histories. 
109 
JESSUP, MARY ALLEN—Fernwood, Ind. General practice. Mem- 
ber Hendricks Co. Med. Soc. 
LEAK, FRANCES E.—Austin, Tex. General practice. Travis Co. and 
Austin District Med. societies. Supt. Heredity Austin W. C. T. U. 
Med. Examiner orders of Chosen Friends, Knights and Ladies of 
Dixie, Circle of Woodmen of the World and Alliance Aid. 
MEADER, ISABEL—Los Angeles, Cal. Druggist. 
MOORE, MARY BABCOCK. 
McNULTY, FLORA N.—Virginia City, Mont. Degree of A. M. from 
lowa (Grinnell) College. Does not practice. 
PEARCE, BEATRlCE—Waukegan, 111. General practice. Staff Phys. 
Lake Co. Hosp., Ex-Vice-Pres., Sec. and Treas. Lake Co. Med. Soc. 
After graduation interne to Chi. Hosp. W. and C. 
SEIP, ADA MAY WOODWARD—PopIar Grove, 111. 
STANDLEY, EMMA B.—Alexis, 111. General practice. Assistant to 
husband, Dr. J. W. Standley. Member 111. S. Med. Soc. and of 
Military Tract Med. Soc. 
UNDERWOOD, LILIAS HORTON—(See Missionary Workers.) 
VAN ATA, ELEANOR—No address. 
WASHBURN, EMMA H.—Austin, Minn. General practice. 
WETZEL-WALKER:, LULU F.—Denver, Colo. Not in practice. 
BARLOW, ANNA A.—Deceased. • 
COTE, MARIE M.—Rangoon, Burmah. On first going out to India 
she took charge of the Dufferin Hosp., founded by Lady Dufferin, of 
England, to aid the women of Burmah. For two years she worked 
in this hospital, when she returned to America, remaining about a 
year. She now has a large house, which she uses as a residence 
and a private hospital. Her work is chiefly among Mohammedan 
women, and her practice has done much in allaying the prejudice 
of the resident English against the medical woman, and especially 
American medical women. She does a considerable charity prac- 
tice, going out at night or through the almost unbearable heat of 
the day to native huts, often without any compensation. Her prac- 
tice is general, among women and children. 
EICHELBERGER, AGNES—Sioux City, la. General practice. At- 
tending Phys. to Woman’s Home, Babies’ Home and Sanitarium 
Hosp., Sioux City. 
ERNSBERGER, IZILLAH—(See Missionary Workers.) 
GILLMAN-ROBERTS, HELEN C.—Hemingford, Neb. General prac- 
tice. , 
HOWE, HARRlETT—Foundlings’ Home, 114 S. Wood St., Chicago, 
111. Seven years a teacher in Africa, prior to studying medicine. Re- 
turned to America for this purpose, intending to go to China, but 
found in the Foundlings’ Home, where she has been Resident Physi- 
cian since graduation, a work that satisfies her desire to benefit and 
befriend the helpless. 
JONES, JENNIE—Chillicothe, O. General practice. 
KEARSLEY, MARY JEANETTE—Austin, 111. General practice. Ex- 
interne to Cook Co. Hosp., Chicago, and member attending staff 
Mary Thompson Hosp. 
LATTA, LELIA—Los Angeles, Cal. 
CLASS OF 1888.—Mary Tuttle, Historian. Class Histories. 
LEMON, ANNIE M.—Muncic, Ind. Ex-interne to Chi. Hosp. W. 
and C. 
MORSE, ELIZA ROXINA—Chicago, 111. General practice, chiefly 
among women and children. Staff Phys. to Charity Hosp. and to 
Chi. University Dispensary. Gynecological Instructor in Post- 
Graduate Sch., Chicago. 
RUNYON, EMMA CHENAULT—Richmond, Va. Gynecology and 
pediatrics. Ex-First Asst. Phys. to Cook Co. Infirmary. Phys. to 
Old Dominion Hosp., Richmond. Member Va. State Med. Soc. 
Dr. Runyon practiced until 1894 in Wichita, Kan. In November of 
1894 she removed to Richmond, beginning a pioneer work for the 
medical woman in the conservative city of the conservative Old 
Dominion. 
SEDGWICK, LOUlSA—Deceased. 
SUTHERLAND, ELLA L. MINNOCK—Not in practice. 
TUTTLE, MARY B.—Burlington, la. General practice. Staff Phys. 
St. Francis Hosp., Burlington. Member Eastern lowa and lowa 
State Med. societies and Am. Med. Asso. 
WOLFE, HARRIET—No address. 
CLASS OF 1889 .—Nora Soule Davenport, Historian. 
BOGGS, JESSIE (B. S.)—Cleveland, Ohio. General practice. Lec- 
turer Physiology and Hygiene Cleveland College for Women. Mem- 
ber of the Cuyahoga Med. Soc. 
BUSH, BERTHA E.—Rogers Park, Chicago. 111. General practice. 
Assistant Professor Pathology N. W. U. W. M. Sch. At- 
tending Phys. Pediatrics Mary Thompson Hosp. and Dispensary. 
Ex-interne Cook Co. Hosp., entering October i, 1889, and her term 
expiring in April, 1891. Member Cook County Clinical Society. 
COBB, FLORA ISABEL LORMAN—U. S. Marine Hosp., Stapleton, 
Staten Island, New York. Not in practice. 
COTTON, GERTRUDE JACOBS—Graceville, Minn. Retired from 
practice. (See Missionary Workers.) 
DAVENPORT, NORA SOULE—446 West Congress St., Chicago. 
General practice. Instructor and First Clinical Assistant Diseases 
Throat and Chest, N. W. U. W. M. Sch. Honorary Surgeon 9th 
111. Cavalry. 
DEAHOFE, NORA H.—Whitewater, Wis. Obstetrics and gynecology. 
DINSMORE, VIRGINIA—Jacksonville, 111. General practice. Mem- 
ber Morgan Co. and State Med. societies. 
ENGELMANN, ROSA—3O27 Indiana Ave., Chicago, 111. Pediatrics. 
Consulting Phys. La Rabida Sanitarium; Professor Pediatrics Post- 
Graduate Med. Sch.; President and Attending Pediatrist to United 
Hebrew Charities; Attending Physician Shelter Plome; Inspector 
City Board of Health.; Inspector Midwives, and Ex-interne Wesley 
Llosp., Cook Co. Insane Asylum and Cook Co. Infirmary. Member 
Am. Med. Asso. and Chi. Med. Soc., and Chi. Academy of Medicine. 
FOWLER, MARY C.—(See Missionary Workers.) 
FREELOVE, MARTHA—Deceased. 
FUGARD, DORA F.—Pueblo, Colo. General practice. Has studied 
in Europe. 
GILMAN, MARY E.—Cherokee. Kan. Practice limited to diseases of 
eye, ear, nose and throat. Ex-interne Chi. Hosp. W. and C. Member 
Southwestern Kan. Med. Soc. Class Histories. 
GUNN, JANET—70 State St., Chicago, 111. Gynecology and pediatrics. 
Professor Pediatrics Harvey Med. Sch., Chicago. Member Chi. 
Path. Soc. Ex-member attending staff Chi. Hosp. W. and C. 
HISHAIKAWA, YASU—Kita Gata Nye-No Maichi, 630 Yokohama, 
Japan. (See Missionary Workers.) 
HAWK, CHARLOTTE G.—Denver, Colo. General practice. 
JONAS, MARTHA HELFRlTZ—Deceased. 
McMILLAN, ISABEL TAYLOR—142 West 104 th St., New York City. 
General practice. 
MEDBURY, STELLA R.—Deceased. 
OWEN, JENNIE M. CLARK—No address. 
PITTOCK, SALINA E. HEADY—IO N. Western Ave., Chicago. Gen- 
eral practice. 
RUD, ALICE F. PlPER—Austin, 111. Ex-interne Cook Co. Hosp. 
Does not practice. 
RUND, HELJA—281 Warren Ave., Chicago. General practice. Clinical 
Assistant to chair of Obstetrics N. W. U. W. M. Sch., and Past As- 
sistant Phys. to Cook County Infirmary and Hospital for the Insane. 
SMITH, MARY JANE—Teheran, Persia. Missionary. 
WOOD, ANNA—Terre Haute, Ind. Gynecology and pediatrics. After 
graduation Dr. Wood served one year as interne to the Chi. Hosp. 
W. and C. and eight months as Assistant House Physician to the 
Foundlings’ Home, Chicago. 
ACRES, LOUlSE—Chicago, 111. General practice. Attending Phys. 
Obstetrics Mary Thompson Hosp. and Clinical Asst, to chair Gyne- 
cology N. W. U. W. M. Sch. After graduating went to Rangoon, 
India, where she practiced for two years in the Dufferin Hosp. 
BARNARD, ESTHER E.—Newberg, Ore. General practice. 
BLANCK, ELlSE—Roseland, 111. General practice. 
BROMBERG, MARENA L.—Marshall, Mich. Gynecology and gen- 
eral practice. 
CAMP, ELLA—Lemont, 111. General practice. Ex-interne Mary 
Thompson Hosp., Chicago. 
CARTWRIGHT, MARGUERITE GREEN—Pachua, Mexico. Medi- 
cal Missionary. General practice. Ex-interne to Wesley Hosp., Chi- 
cago. 
COE, VIOLA M.—Portland, Ore. Not in practice. 
CORR. ANNA BROWN—Bristol, Wis. Staff Phys. House of Mercy, 
a reformatory in Milwaukee, Wis. 
DROUILLARD, LOUISE C.—Memphis, Tenn. General practice. 
Gynecology, with its minor surgery. Attending Phys. to Erring 
Woman’s Home. In 1893 became member of the Tri-State Med. 
Soc. (Tenn., Ark. and Miss.), and, in 1894, of the Tenn. State Med. 
Soc. 
ELLIOT, BELLE—Deceased. 
FERGUSON, LlBBlE—Frontier, Mich. General practice. 
GREEN, JENNIE A.—Oakland, 111. General practice. Member Wa- 
bash Med. Soc. 
HARRISON, LU. C. CHASE—Rangor, Mich. General practice. 
JONES, EMMA O.—Columbus, O. Pediatrics. Prof, of Physiology in 
Ohio Med. University, Columbus. Ex-interne Chi, Hosp. W. and C. 
CLASS OF 1890. —Annie White Sage, Historian 112 
Class Histories. 
LYON, ELLEN M.—China. (See Missionary Workers.) 
MATTHEWS, ELIZABETH—Springfield, 111. General practice. At- 
tending Phys. St. John’s Hosp. and Home of the Friendless. Studied 
in Europe in 1895. 
MILLER, EMMA T—Oroomiah, Persia. Ex-interne Wesley Hosp., 
Chicago. 
NEWELL, MARY—Onarga, 111. Gynecology and pediatrics. Attend- 
ing Phys. Orphans’ Home, Onarga. 
NICHOL, ADELLA R.-—Davenport. la. Gynecology and obstetrics. 
Attending Phys. to Industrial Home, and St. Luke’s and Mercy 
hospitals, Davenport, and secretary Scott Co. Med. Soc. 
OSPREY, JOAN—Austin, 111. Past Asst. Phys. to Cook Co. Hosp. 
for the Insane. General practice. 
PARSONS, EMMA DAWSON—Waterloo, la. Electricity. Electrical 
Cure. 
SAGE, ANNIE W.—17 E. 40th St, Chicago, 111. Ex-interne Wesley 
Hosp. Asst. Prof. Gynecology N. W. U. W. M. Sch. Two years 
in Chi. Hosp. W. and C.; resigned and became Lecturer Diseases of 
Women, Chicago Training School Home and Foreign Missions. 
SKINNER, CYNTHIA—Monmouth, 111. General and gynecological. 
Ex-interne Worn. Hosp. 
STEVENSON, IDA—Medical missionary, Tientsin, China. 
WAYMAN, SARAH F.—Allenville, Wis. General practice. 
CLASS OF 1891. Ada Phelps-Handy, Historian. 
ALLISON, MINNIE L.-847 Garfield Boul., Chicago, 111. Pediatrics. 
BEAVER, IDA NOYES—Denver, Colo. General practice, gynecology 
and surgery. Pres. Medical staff State Industrial Sch. for Girls. 
Member State Board of Pardons and Charities. Special Commis- 
sioner on State Insane Asylum. Delegate to International Congress 
of Prison Reform, held in Paris, France. Member State Med. Soc. 
BERWIG, ELISE—371 Center St., Chicago, 111. General practice. Lec- 
turer on Hygiene, N. W. U. W. M. Sch., for two years; resigned; 
studied in Germany one year after graduation. 
CROMWELL, ANNA McFARLAND (A. B.)—Cromwell Place, Lex- 
ington, Ky. Does not practice. Associate Editor “Woman’s Medical 
Journal.” Ex-Medical Supt. Oakland Retreat for Insane. 
DAVIS, EFFA V.—Office, No. 15 Washington St., Chicago, 111. Gen- 
eral practice. Ex-interne Mary Thompson Hosp., Chicago. Ex- 
Asst. Chemical Laboratory. Prof. Clinical Obstetrics, N. W. U. 
W. M. Sch. House Surgeon Marion Sims Sanitarium. In 1892 
Secretary Chicago Medical Directory for Nurses. Supt. N. W. U. 
Settlement Dispensary; same year Attending Phys. Hull House Dis- 
pensary. Member Chi. Med. Soc. and Am. Med. Asso. 
DAVENPORT, ISABEL M.—lllinois Eastern Hosp. for the Insane, 
Kankakee. In 1893 placed in charge of gynecological department. 
DENIG, BLANCHE.—Boston, Mass. General practice. Ex-interne 
Boston Hospital for Women and Children. 
FRENCH, VIOLA M.—Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane, Men- 
dota. Insanity and gynecology. In 1895 appointed Second Asst. 
Supt. of State Hospital. Practiced for four years at Neilsville, Wis. 
GAYNOR, LUCY A.—Nankin, China. Ex-interne 111. Charitable Eye 
and Ear Infirmary. 
HANDY, ADA M. PHELPS—Summer Park Hotel, Waukesha, Wis. 
Winters at Dunedin, Florida. Is not practicing. Class Histories. 
113 
HOFFMA, ELIZABETFI P.—Grand Haven, Mich. General practice. 
After graduation Asst, to chair of Gynecology, N. W. U. W. M. Sch. 
Has spent one year in study abroad. 
HARBERT, HELEN ARENTZEN—Kenosha, Wis. General practice. 
JEFFERY, ALICIA (M. L. A.)— St. Luke’s Hosp., Denver, Colo. Supt. 
of same. 
KEARNS, FRANCES—Pasadena, Cal. General practice. Teacher of 
Physiology and Hygiene, Pasadena High School. 
KIMBLE, FANNY G.—No address. 
McCREA, MAGGIE—Topeka, Kan. General practice. 
McGUIRE, EVILENE M.—Walsenburg, Huerfano Co., Colorado. Gen- 
eral practice. 
McNEIL, MARY-—54 Pandora St., Victoria, British Columbia. Gen- 
eral practice. The first woman to pass the Provincial medical exam- 
ination. 
MORRILL, E. FRANK (A. B.)—Rock Falls, 111. Supreme Physician 
Royal Neighbors of America. Secretary Rock River Valley Med. 
Asso. 
NISSWONGER, CERILDA—Monticello, 111. General practice. 
County Phys. Piatt Co., 111. Township Physician. 
O’DRISCOLL, MARY T.—Memphis, Tenn. Summers at Monteagle, 
Tenn. General practice. Ex-interne Mary Thompson Hosp., Chi- 
cago. 
OLSEN, MARIE A.—Office, 34 Washington St., Chicago, 111. Gen- 
eral practice. Gynecologist and Pediatrician at Norwegian Hosp.; 
Pediatrician National Temperance Hosp. and to Children’s Aid So- 
ciety, and Lecturer Throat and Chest N. W. U. W. M. Sch., Chicago. 
SIMMONDS, MARGARET E. 
SMITH, MARTHA J.—Indianapolis, Ind. General practice. House 
Phys. to Dr. F. C. Ferguson’s Sanitarium. Member Marion Co. and 
,State Med. societies. 
STOCKWELL, ADDIE GERTRUDE BUNNEL—No address. Not 
practicing medicine, but finds her medical education of service in 
such work as falls to a Methodist minister’s wife. 
SULLIVAN, MARGARET E.—“The Beechwood,” 125 East 24th St., 
N. Y. City. Gynecology. Has diplomas from Drs. Leopold, of 
Dresden, Germany, and Pozzie, of Paris, France. 
WHETMORE, JOSEPHINE—Grinnell, la. General practice. Con- 
sulting Phys. to State Industrial Sch. for Girls, Mitchellville, la. 
Ex-interne Mary Thompson Hosp. 
WILLARD, ROSE—Office, 1203 Venetian Building, Chicago, 111. Gen- 
eral practice. Clinical Asst, to chair of Gynecology and Instructor 
in Pediatrics, N. W. U. W. M. Sch. 
WHITE, EMlLY—Sterling, Kan. General practice. After graduation 
served one year as interne to Worn. Hosp., Chicago, after which she 
became Asst. Phys. to the State Hosp. for the Insane, Osawatomie, 
Kan. 
WILSON, OLIVE CHARLES—4427 St. Louis Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
General practice. 
CLASS OF 1892 .—Frances Crane Lillie, Historian. 
BARNET, FLORA F. HARBAUGH—Geneva, Neb. In September, 
1893, entered the Mary Thompson Hosp. for W. and C, as interne. 
In 1894 she opened an office in Geneva and engaged in general 
practice. At the close of the same year she married and has not 
since been so actively engaged in practice. , 114 
Class Histories. 
BEERE, ROSE KlDD—Denver, Colo. Superintendent Colorado State 
Home for Dependent and Neglected Children, Denver. Dr. Beere 
practiced in Durango, Colo., for three years. 
BERGER, EMMA R.—Milwaukee, Wis. Not in active practice. 
BOOMER, KATE McGREGOR—43rd. St. and Lawrence Ave., 
Chicago, 111. Ex-interne to Wesley Hospital, Chicago. Not in ac- 
tive practice. (See Missionary Workers.) 
CULLEN, EMMA ALTA—Trenton, Mo. General practice. Ex-in- 
terne to Wesley Hosp., Chicago. 
DONAHUE, JULIA MAUD—Hinghua City, Foo-Chow, China. Ex-in- 
terne to Mary Thompson Hosp. W. and C. (See Missionary 
Workers.) , 
HERB, ISABELLA COLER—Office, 26 Central Music Hall, Chicago, 
111. Dr. Herb was born in Wisconsin, m 1863, where she was edu- 
cated and resided until her marriage. Five years thereafter her hus- 
band died and the Doctor decided to study medicine, graduating in 
1892. Served one year as interne to Mary Thompson Hosp. W. 
and C., and as Assistant to Medical staff until 1-894. Has been con- 
nected with the institution as Dispensary Phys. and Supt. 
HOWES, ISABELLA FORBES—Peoria, 111. General practice. Mem- 
ber Peoria Med. and State Med. societies and of Am. Med. Asso. In- 
terne Worn. Hosp., Chicago. 
LARSEN, ANNA—Shanghai, China. (See Missionary Workers.) 
LILLIE, FRANCES CRANE—43y2 South 12th St., Ann Arbor, Mich. 
Not in practice. 
McLEOD, MARY ELIZABETH—No address. 
PATCH, MARY HELEN—Stevens Point, Wis. General practice. Mem- 
ber Northwestern Med. Asso. 
RASMUSSEN, INGEBORG—372 West Ohio St., Chicago. General 
practice. Attending Physician to Norwegian Tabitha Hosp.; Clin- 
ical Assistant in Dispensary of N. W. U. W. M. Sch., and Assistant 
to chair of Chest and Throat m the same school. Member of the 
Scandinavian Med. Soc., and first woman admitted. 
REED, MARY C.—Alamosa, Colo. General practice. 
THOMAS, MARY WRIGHT—No. 2930 Lake Park Ave., Chicago, 111. 
Graduated at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., with degree of B. S. 
After graduating in medicine spent a year as interne to 111. Chari- 
table Eye and Ear Infirmary. Practice general, with special atten- 
tion given to the eye and ear. 
TROSCHELL, AGNES—Chicago, 111. General practice. 
VAN HOOK, ANNA C. WHALEY—4042 Grand Bouh, Chicago, 111. 
Not practicing. 
WESTGATE, LETlTlA—Sycamore, 111. General practice. 
WHITE, MARIE L.—4554 Cottage Grove Ave. Attending Phys. Chi- 
cago Charity Hosp. Ex-interne Woman’s and Charity hospitals, 
Chicago. 
CLASS OF 1893.—Lillie J. Nuckolls, Historian. 
ALEXANDER. CAROLlNE—Sterling, 111. General practice. Ex-in- 
terne Mary Thompson Hosp. Served as Resident Rhys. “Daily News” 
Sanitarium for two seasons. Ex-interne to National Temperance 
Hosp., Chicago. 
BIXBY, JOSEPHINE—(See Missionary Workers.) Ex-interne to 111. 
Eye and Ear Infirmary. 
BREED, LORENA—Medical missionary. Ex-interne to Mary Thomp- 
son Hosp. W. and C. Class Histories. 
115 
BROWN, ANNA L.—No address. Was House Phys. one year to Chi. 
Training Sch. for Foreign and Home Missions. 
CANTRALL, FRANCES—Evansville, Ind. General practice. Phys. to 
Home for the Friendless, Evansville. 
CARGILL, NELLIE W.—Sacred Heart Sanitarium, Greenfield St. and 
Washington Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Gynecology. Resident Phys. 
at Sanitarium. Ex-interne to Worn. Hosp., Chicago. 
CHESTNUT, ELEANOR (A. B.)—Medical missionary. Post-grad- 
uate work before going to China. Ex-interne to Reformatory Prison, 
Farmington, Mass. (See Missionary Workers.) 
CHIDESTER, ELIZABETH M.—No address. 
DART, JENNIE M.—(See Missionary Workers.) 
DROPPERS, H. M.—Milwaukee, Wis. General practice. Ex-interne 
Worn. Hosp., Chicago. 
EVERLY, MYRA—Goldthwaite, Tex. General country practice. 
GLENTON, MARY—Medical missionary, Alaska. After graduating 
served a year as interne to Hosp, for Colored People, Columbia, S. C. 
GROTHEN, GEORGIANA—St. Paul, Neb. Gynecology. Ex-in- 
terne National Temperance Hosp., Chicago. Phys. in charge St. 
Paul Private Hosp. 
HANDSHAW, ANNA M.—518 West Madison St, Chicago, 111. Gen- 
eral practice. Dispensary Phys. to Mission House. 
MATHEWS, ACClA—Franklin, Ind. General practice. 
MILLS, MARGARET B.—Keb, Wapello Co., la. General practice. 
NEWBECKER, M. MlNERVA—Nebraska Insane Hosp., Lincoln. 
Second Asst. Phys, and in charge of Woman’s department since in 
1895. Ex-interne Mary Thompson Flosp., Chicago. 
NUCKOLLS, LILLIE J.—Illinois Central Hosp. for Insane, Jackson- 
ville. Second Asst. Phys. m same. 
PAULLIN, L. ESTELLE—Springfield, 111. Surgical and gynecolog- 
ical. Asst. Surgeon to Prince Sanitarium. 
PHELPS, MARY E.—Canon City, Colo. General practice. First 
V.-Pres. Fremont Co. Med. Soc. 
RANDOLPH, SUSAN B. STRONG (A. 8.)—6126 Ingleside Ave., Chi- 
cago. Not practicing. 
RIDDLE, ADDlE—Oshkosh, Wis. General practice. 
SESSIONS, KENOSHA S.—Evansville, Ind. General practice. Phys. 
to Home for the Friendless, Evansville. Ex-mterne to Worn. Hosp., 
Chicago. 
SHIBLEY, MARY C. 
STEPHENS, MINNIE H.—418 California Ave., Chicago, 111. General 
practice. Attending Surgeon Heywood and Morrill Manufacturing 
Co. 
STILLMAN, JENNIE McQUEEN—Waupaca, Wis. General practice. 
Ex-interne Oshkosh (Wis.) Plosp. 
TIMMERMAN, ELLA V.—Elgin, 111. Resident Phys. to 111. Northern 
Hosp. for Insane, Elgin. Ex-interne “Daily News” Sanitarium. 
WARREN, EMMA M.—138 N. Wells St., Chicago, 111. General prac- 
tice. 
WILLIAMS, HELEN S.—Residence, “The Yale,” 6565 Yale Ave., En- 
glewood, 111. General practice. Ex-interne Wesley and Woman’s 
hospitals. 116 
Class Histories. 
CLASS OF 1894. —Fredericka Zeller, Historian. 
BABB, ADDIE HELEN—Pawnee, 111. Ex-interne Wesley Hosp., Chi- 
cago, 111. 
BOWLES, MINNIE KELLY—Joliet, 111. General practice. Clinical 
Assistant chair Medicine N. W. U. W. M. Sch., Chicago. Attend- 
ing Phys. Silver Cross Hosp., Joliet. Member Wills Co. Med. Soc. 
CRITTENDEN, HELEN M.—Detroit, Mich. With Pasteur Milk Lab- 
oratory, Detroit. Ex-interne to Children’s Hosp., Detroit. 
COONE, BATHENA—Peoria, 111. General practice. Ex-interne Worn. 
Hosp. and “Daily News” Sanitarium, Chicago. 
CORNELL, CORA B.—Union City, Mich. General practice. 
CRUMB, GERTRUDE C.—Berlin, Wis. General practice. 
DUNN, ELIZABETH H. (A. M.)—Coldwater, Mich. General practice. 
Member Alumnae Committee Earle Library. 
EWING, ALICE—Hyde Park Hotel, Jefferson Ave., Chicago, 111. Ear, 
nose and throat. Instructor in Diseases of the Ear, Post-Graduate 
Medical School, Chicago. Studied in Europe one year. 
FERGUSON, CLARA—Dunning, 111. Asst. Phys. Insane Hosp. Clin- 
ical Assistant to Prof. M. J. Mergler, Mary Thompson Hosp. Ex- 
interne Worn. Hosp. 
FYFFE, EDITH A. H.—Residence, 604 East Division St., Chicago, 111. 
Gynecology and pediatrics. Lecturer Pelvic Anatomy, N. W. U. W. 
M. Sch. Attending Phys. Hull House Dispensary, St. Mary’s 
Dispensary, and St. Elizabeth’s Creche and Dispensary. Member 
Chi. Med. Soc. Lecturer on Physiology and Hygiene, Mrs. Ken- 
nedy’s School, Chicago. 
GILSON, ELNORA F. L.—Blue Rapids, Kan. Is not practicing. Ex- 
interne Mary Thompson Hosp., Chicago. Is devoting her time to 
the care of an invalid mother. 
GOETSCH, ALICE J.—Madison, Wis. General practice. 
GROTE, MARIE L.—131 Ashland Boul., Chicago, 111. General prac- 
tice. 
BESSESEN, FLORENCE L. HOLEAND—9O4 16th Ave., Minne- 
apolis, Minn. Professor Chemistry and Toxicology in College of 
Physicians and Surgeons. Hamline University,, Minneapolis. Ex- 
interne to National Temperance Hosp., Chicago. 
KEITH, KATHARYN—Chicago, 111. General practice. Ex-interne 
Chi. Charity Hosp. 
KELLY, JANE D. (A. M.)—Boston, Mass. General practice and or- 
thopedic. Lecturer on Hygiene, Mrs. Morley’s School, Northfield, 
Mass. Clinical Assistant Children’s Hosp., Boston. Lecturer on 
Histology and Physiology to teachers of Secondary Schools, Boston. 
Is doing special research work in blood. 
LEONARD, MARY—354 Celay St., Portland, Ore. Physician to Noon 
Rest Free Dispensary of W. C. T. U. Is writing “Novels of Dis- 
ease.” Superintendent of Health and Hygiene in County W. C. 
T. U. 
McCLENAHAN, EVA—Manhattan, 111. General practice. Ex-interne 
Wesley Hosp., Chicago. 
McDERMOTT, ELIZABETH—Sioux City, lowa. General practice. 
NEVILLE, LOIS—Meredosia, 111.; also office in Naples, 111. General 
practice. 
PATRICK., FRANCES L.—Austin, 111. Gynecology. Ex-interne 
Worn. Hosp., Chicago, and assistant in Mary Thompson Hosp. Class Histories. 
117 
PAYNE, DORETHEA A.—Union City, Mich. General practice. 
RIDDLE, JULIA—Appleton, Wis. General practice. 
SCHEFFER, CUNERA R.—Chicago, 111. Nervous diseases. Clinical 
Asst. Nervous Diseases N. W U. W. M. Sch. Ex-interne Mary 
Thompson Hosp. 
SCOTT, LUCY FLETCHER (D. D. 5.)—3953 Michigan Ave., Chicago, 
111. General practice. 
SKINNER, SUSAN LAWRENCE—Ex-interne to National Temper- 
ance Hosp., Chicago. 
WHITE, PERCIS—Princeton, 111. Ex-interne Mary Thompson Hosp. 
Not practicing. 
WILKINSON, LUCETTE—2053 Ogden Ave., Chicago, 111. General 
practice. 
WINEGAR, MARTHA A.—Battle Creek, Mich. Surgery. Hospital 
Phys. and Assistant in Surgical Department Battle Creek Sanitar- 
ium. Member Faculty Training School for Nurses. Assistant Pro- 
fessor of Obstetrics in American Medical Missionary College, Chi- 
cago. 
ZELLER, FREDERICKA—Peoria, 111. General and diseases of the 
skin. 
CLASS OF 1895.—Flora A. Read, Historian. 
ANGELL, KATHERINE LOUISE—3439 Prairie Ave.. Chicago, 111. 
General practice. Instructor in Bacteriology in N. W. U. W. M. 
Sch. 
BULL, MARTHA—Danville, 111. General practice. 
CHANDLER, ADA BLESH—Pardeeville, Wis. General practice. As- 
sistant Phys. to Columbia Co. Insane Asylum and Hosp., Pardee- 
ville. 
CARRITHERS, JESSIE LORENA—Anna, 111. Fourth Assistant Phys. 
Illinois Southern Hosp. for Insane, Anna. 
DEMAREE, EMMA WARNER—Roca, Neb. General practice. With 
her husband. Has a private hospital in Roca. 
DUNCAN, ADELAIDE C.—603 63rd St., Englewood, 111. Gynecology 
and obstetrics. Formerly of Aberdeen, S. D. 
GRAY, ALICE ASH—Galesburg, 111. General practice. 
HEISZ, EMILY J.—Chicago View Hotel, Madison St. and Ogden Ave., 
Chicago. Attending Phys. Examining Room Post-Graduate Med- 
ical School Public Dispensary. Assistant Gynecological chair N. 
W. U. W. M. Sch. 
LATHAM, VIDA ANNETTE—(F. S. SOC. AND F. R. M. S„ LON- 
DON, ENGLAND. (D. D. S., UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.) 
—Rogers Park, 111. Histology, bacteriology, pathology, microscopy 
and oral surgery. Vice-President American Microscopical Society. 
Assistant Professor Pathology. Curator .of Museum, Director Mi- 
croscopical Laboratory and Assistant Secretary N. W. U. W. M. 
Sch. Pathologist and Dental Surgeon Mary Thompson Hosp. Ex- 
Professor Dental Pathology, Histology and Bacteriology, American 
Dental College, Chicago. Ex-Demonstrator Pathology, University 
of Michigan. Associate Editor International Journal of Microscopy 
and Natural Science. Corresponding Secretary of 111. S. Med. Soc. 
LEAHY, SARAH J.—6301 Wentworth Ave., Chicago, 111. General 
practice and partner with her husband, M. M. Leahy. 118 
Class Histories. 
LINDSEY, ALICE LOIS—949 West Harrison St., Chicago, 111. Ex- 
terne six months to Mary Thompson Hosp. Quizz Master chair 
Physiology, Clinical Asst. Nervous Diseases and Demonstrator in 
Anatomy, N. W. U .W. M. Sch. 
MEIKLEJOHN, JULIA—Elgin, 111. General practice. Attending 
Phys. Sherman Hosp., Elgin. 
McILVAINE, HELEN KIDD—Huntington, Ind. General practice. 
MARRS, MARY M.—Valparaiso, Ind. General practice. 
MERRILL, JULIA D.—677 Jackson Boul., Chicago, 111. General prac- 
tice. 
PRICE, LAURA C.—6B 37th St., Chicago, 111. General and gynecolog- 
ical. House Surgeon Worn. Hosp., Chicago, for year 1896. 
READ, FLORA ALICE—Fond du Lac, Wis. General practice. 
REYNOLDS, EMMA A.—Waco, Texas. General practice. Resident 
Physician Paul Quinn College, Waco. 
RICHTER, LOUISA MAY—Ex-interne National Temperance Hosp., 
Chicago. 
SMITH, CAROLINE HOLGATE—Wyoming, 111. General practice. 
SEVERSON, SALENA—Madison, Wis. Ex-interne Mary Thompson 
Hosp., Chicago. General practice. 
SOGN, VALBORG—345 Rush St, Chicago, 111. General practice. 
Clinical Gynecological Assistant N. W. U. W. M. Sch. 
SPARR, KATHERINE H. HOLGATE—Wyoming, 111. Is not in 
practice. 
TEAGUE, MARY ENGLEBERT—Austin, 111. General practice. 
TEST, ANABEL CLEVELAND—Washington, D. C. Not practicing. 
Taking a post-graduate course with her husband in New York 
City. 
THOMPSON, BERTHA V.—Oshkosh, Wis. General practice. Path- 
ologist and Bacteriologist St. Mary’s Hosp., Oshkosh. 
TURLEY, FRANCES CLARK—Orangeville, 111. General practice. 
VAN VELSOR, FRANCES T.—Chicago, 111. General practice. Ex- 
interne Wesley Hosp. Clinical Asst. Surgery N. W. U. W. M. Sch. 
Acting Gynecologist Wesley Hosp. Member Chi. Med. Soc. and 
Am. Med. Asso. 
WARREN, VIRGINIA RUTLEDGE—DanviIIe, 111. Ex-interne 
Mary Thompson Hosp. After leaving the hospital served as House 
Phys. to Daily News Sanitarium, Chicago, during the summer of 
1896. 
,WEBSTER, HARRIET E.—Lansing, Mich. Ex-interne Mary Thomp- 
son Hosp. General practice. 
WALLACE, JEANETTE CURRIE—Peoria, 111. Ex-interne Mary 
Thompson Hosp. and Daily News Sanitarium, Chicago. 
CLASS OF 1896.—Josephine E. Young, Historian. 
ALLHANDS, MARY FRANCES—Louisville, Ky. General practice. 
CALDWELL, DELIA—New England Hosp. for W. and C., Boston, 
Mass. Serving as interne. 
DOWIATT, MARJA—817 21st Place, Chicago, 111. General practice. 
DOWNER., MARY ALlCE—lnterne 111. Charitable Eye and Ear In- 
firmary, Chicago. 
DUNN, MABEL—lnterne Eastern 111. Hosp. for Insane, Kankakee, 111. 
DWYER, ANNA (B. A.)—Aurora, 111. General practice. 119 
Class Histories. 
EBEL, LlLLlAN—lndustrial School, Mitchellville, la. Interne Mary 
Thompson Hosp. 
FIELD, EVA H.-Des Moines, la. Interne Mary Thompson Hosp. 
Alternate Cook Co. Hosp. 
JACKSON, JOSEPHINE AGNES—Cook Co. Hosp. Serving a term 
of 18 months as interne. 
LEE, FRANCES HORTON—252 Laflin St., Chicago, 111. General 
practice. 
MAGRUDER, ALICE NElLL—Monmouth, Kan. General practice. 
MACKENZIE, CHRISTINE—AreoIa, 111. 
McGAVIN, JESSIE, Siskiyou Co., Cal. 
OSBORNE, GRACE—House Phys. National Temperance Hosp., Chi- 
cago. Address: Auditorium Hotel, Chicago, 111. 
PEARCY, LILLIAN ALLHANDS—Louisville, Ky. 
POOR, NELLIE CHAMBERLAIN—66I7 Kimbark Ave., Chicago, 111. 
Clinical Asst. Mary Thompson Hosp. 
RICE, MAY CUSHMAN—Interne Mary Thompson and Woman's hos- 
pitals. 
SHAFFER, VESPER (B. A.)—Williamsfield, 111. Interne Mary 
Thompson Hosp. 
SHANK, SUSAN FRANCES—Canon City, Colo. 
SIEGLE, EMMA—lnterne Central Hosp. for Insane, Jacksonville, 111. 
SMITH, ALICE MAUDE—23 47th St., Chicago, 111. General practice. 
Attending Phys. La Rabida Sanitarium, Jackson Park, Chicago. 
Member Chi. Med. Soc. 
STINSON, ALICE C.—Riceville, la. General practice. 
WILD, MARY ANNE—Battle Creek, Mich. House Phys. Battle Creek 
Sanitarium. 
WILLIAMS, CORA BELLE—Marshalltown, la. General practice. 
WILLITS, EMMA KELLOGG—lnterne Worn. Hosp., Chicago. Ap- 
pointed first interne to Mary Thompson Hosp. 
WRIGHT, REBEKAH—lnterne Wesley Hosp. 
YOUNG, JOSEPHINE ESTABROOK—Serving a term of 18 months 
as interne Cook Co. Hosp., Chicago. 
LUCT RIDER METER, A. M., M. D., ’B7, founder of the Chicago 
Training School for Home and Foreign Missions, and organizer 
of the Deaconess’ work of the Methodist Church in the United 
States, is a prolific writer, being author of several prominent works. 
HONORARY MEMBER. REPORT ON HOSPITAL WORK OF ALUMNAE. 
MARIE J. MERGLER 
In preparing this report blanks were forwarded at 
different times to all alumnae, but the report does not 
indicate the full extent of hospital work done by those 
who have gone from our school, inasmuch as the com- 
mittee failed to obtain the desired information from 
some members of the association. The hospital serv- 
ice in foreign countries especially, by our missionaries, 
is doubtless much more extensive than appears from 
the data the committee have been able to obtain. 
The institutions in which our alumnae have served 
are as follows: 
ILLINOIS. 
Mary Thompson Hospital Head Physician, Surgeon and 
Gynecologist i 
Superintendent i 
Attending Physicians 8 
Dispensary 6 
Internes 36 
Home for Incurables Physician 1 
Home for the Friendless Obstetrician 1 
Woman’s Hospital Consulting Obstetrician x 
Attending Surgeons 3 
Superintendents 2 
Internes 22 
Daily News Sanitarium (formerly 
Floating Hospital)* Attending Physicians 6 
House Physician 1 
Cook County Flospital Supt. of Training School 1 
Internes... 7 
Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary... Assisting Surgeon 1 
Internes 6 
La Rabida Fresh Air Sanitarium... Consulting Physician 1 
Staff Physicians 2 
Martha Washington Home for 
Inebriate Women Attending Physician 1 
* More appointments have been made, but the author has failed to learn from all 
who have served. 
120 Report on Hospital Work of Alumna. 
121 
Post-Graduate Hospital Superintendent i 
Assistant Superintendent i 
Attending Physician i 
Assistant Physician i 
Erring Woman’s Refuge Physicians 3 
University Settlement Clinic Physicians 3 
National Temperance Hospital Attending Physicians 4 
Internes 2 
Bethesda Mission Physician 1 
Columbia Dispensary Physicians....- 2 
Surgeon ... 1 
Charity Hospital Superintendents 2 
Dispensary Physicians 5 
Lakeside Hospital Attending Physician 1 
Deaconess’ Hospital Attending Physician x 
Foundlings’ Home Superintendent 1 
Assistant Physicians 2 
Chicago University Dispensary Physician 1 
N. W. U. Woman’s Med. 
School Disp Physicians 9 
United Hebrew Charities Disp Pediatrist 1 
Wesley Hospital Gynecologist 1 
Obstetrician 1 
Asst. Gynecologist 1 
Internes 9 
Waif’s Mission Physician I 
Providence Hospital Obstetrician I 
Norwegian Hospital Attending Physician I 
Children’s Aid Society Attending Physician 1 
Marion-Sims Sanitarium House Surgeon x 
Hull House Dispensary Physicians 3 
N. W. U. Settlement Dispensary.... Physicians 8 
Emergency Hospital for 
Railway Accidents Physician 1 
Norwegian Tabitha Hospital Physician 1 
St. Mary’s Dispensary.... Physician 1 
St. Elizabeth’s Creche and 
Dispensary Physician., 1 
Union Benevolent Hospital Gynecologist 1 
Chicago Public Dispensary Physician 1 
Baptist Missionary Training School. Physician 1 
Home Hospital, Carlinville Physician 1 
Aurora City Hospital Superintendent 1 
Attending Physicians 2 
N. and Y. Hospital, Aurora Attending Physician 1 
Cook County (Dunning) Infirmary.. Superintendent 1 
T _ , TT Assistant Physicians 3 
Julia r. Burnham Hosp., Cham- 
paign Attending Physician 1 122 
Report on Hospital Work of Alumna. 
Woman’s Industrial Home, 
McLean Co Physician r 
Deaconess’ Hospital, Bloomington.. Physician x 
Lake County Hospital Physician i 
Orphan’s Home, Onarga Attending Physician I 
St. John’s Hospital, Springfield Attending Physician x 
Home for the Friendless, 
Springfield Attending Physician I 
,Oaklawn Retreat for the Insane, 
Jacksonville Med. Supt. and Prop i 
Eastern Hosp. for the Insane, 
Kankakee Asst. Physician and Surgeon i 
Internes 2 
Northern Hosp. for the Insane, 
Elgin Assistant Physician 1 
Prince Sanitarium, Springfield Physician 1 
Central Hosp. for Insane, 
Jacksonville Internes 2 
Southern Hosp. for Insane, Anna.... Assistant Physician x 
Cook County (Dunning) Insane 
Hosp Assistant Physicians 2 
lOWA. 
Benedict Home and State Children’s 
Home, Des Moines Physician i 
Sanitarium Hospital, Sioux City.... Attending Physician x 
Woman’s Home, Sioux City Attending Physician i 
Babies’ Home, Sioux City Attending Physician i 
St. Francis Hospital, Burlington. ... Attending Physician i 
Mercy Hospital, Davenport Attending Physician x 
St. Luke’s Hospital, Davenport...... Attending Physician i 
Waterloo Electric Cure Proprietor and Physician i 
State Industrial School for Girls, 
Mitchellville Consulting Physician x 
Industrial Home, Davenport Physician i 
INDIANA. 
Orphan Asylum, Evansville Attending Physician i 
Sanitary Home, Indianapolis Physician x 
Private Sanitarium, Indianapolis.... Physician x 
Home for the Friendless, 
Evansville Physician i 
Attending Physician 1 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
Holyoke Hospital, Holyoke Attending Physician i 
Providence Hospital, Holyoke Attending Physician i 
New England Hospital for Women 
and Children, Boston Internes. 3 Report on Hospital Work of Alum me. 
123 
Green Springs Sanitarium Assistant Physician 1 
Ohio State Insane Asylum Physician 1 
OHIO. 
N. W. Hospital for Women 
and Children, Minneapolis Physicians 2 
Asbury Hospital, Minneapolis Physician 1 
MINNESOTA. 
WISCONSIN. 
Milwaukee County Hospital Assistant Superintendent 1 
Wisconsin Industrial School 
for Girls Physician 1 
Asylum for Chronic Insane Consulting Physician x 
Elms Hospital for Women Attending Physician 1 
Johnson Emergency Hospital Attending Physician 1 
Children’s Hospital, Milwaukee Physician 1 
House of Mercy, Milwaukee Attending Physician 1 
Waukesha Sanitarium Physician 1 
State Hospital for Insane, Mendota.. Asst. Superintendent 1 
Sanitarium Waldheim, Oconomowoc Attending Physician 1 
Private Surgical Hospital, Oshkosh.. Physician 1 
Columbia Co. Insane Asylum 
and Hospital Assistant Physician 1 
St. Mary’s Hospital, Oshkosh Pathologist and Bacteriologist.... 1 
Sacred Heart Sanitarium, Milwau- 
kee Assistant Physician 1 
St. Luke’s Hospital, Grand Rapids.. Gynecologist i 
Butterworth Hospital, Grand Rapids. Gynecologist i 
Battle Creek Sanitarium Physicians.. ..2 
MICHIGAN. 
NEBRASKA. 
Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln.... Assistant Physicians 2 
Presbyterian Hospital, Omaha Attending Physician. i 
Douglas County Hospital Attending Physician i 
W. C. A. Dispensary, Lincoln Physician i 
Private Hospital, St. Paul Physician. 1 i 
ARIZONA. 
Insane Asylum, Phoenix Assistant Physician i 
Maricapes County Hospital Assistant Physician i 
COLORADO. 
Tabernacle Dispensary, Denver Physician I 
St. Luke’s Hospital, Denver Superintendent i 
Colo. State Home for Dependent 
and Neglected Children Superintendent I 124 
Report on Hospital Work of Alumnce. 
Non-Sectarian Hospital, San Diego. . Visiting Physician I 
CALIFORNIA. 
NEW MEXICO. 
Relief Hospital, Las Vegas Attending Physician I 
TEXAS. 
Paul Quinn College, Waco Resident Physician i 
Noon Day Rest Dispensary, 
Portland Physician 1 
OREGON. 
State Industrial School for Girls.... Physician i 
State Insane Hospital, Ossawattomie. Assistant Physician i 
KANSAS. 
MISSOURI. 
Woman’s Refuge and Maternity 
Hospital, Kansas City Attending Physicians 3 
FLORIDA. 
Clifton Springs Sanitarium.... Attending Physician 1 
Interne 1 
VIRGINIA. 
Old Dominion Dispensar}'. 
Richmond Physician 1 
Erring Woman’s Refuge, Memphis.. Attending Physician I 
TENNESSEE. 
FOREIGN. 
Hospital, Foo Chow, China Physician i 
Hospital, Shan Hai, China Physician x 
Hospital, Swaton, China Physician.. I 
Hospital for Women and Children, 
Seoul, Korea Physician i 
Dufferin Hospital, Rangoon, 
Burmah Physicians 3 
Methodist School and Orphanage, 
Rangoon, Burmah Attending Physician 1 
Private Hospital, Rangoon, Burmah. Physicians 2 
Hospital at Nalgonda, Deccan, India. Physician in Charge 1 
Hospitals in China Physicians 3 
Hospitals in Huy Mon City, China Physician in Charge 1 
Hospitals in Tientsin, China Physician in Charge 1 
Hospitals in Canton, China Physician in Charge 1 Report on Hospital Work of Alumncr. 
125 
SUMMARY OF POSITIONS FILLED. 
Superintendents of Hospitals 11 
Assistant Superintendents of Hospitals 5 
Head Physicians and Surgeons 1 
Attending Surgeons 3 
Gynecologists to Hospitals 2 
Assistant Gynecologists 1 
Obstetricians to Hospitals 2 
Proprietors of Hospitals 2 
Attending Physicians to Hospitals 95 
Attending Surgeons 73 
Assistant Physicians to Hospitals 11 
Consulting Physicians 3 
Dispensary Work 30 
Physicians in Insane Asylums u 
Total 250 
I have not attempted to give a statement as to the 
actual amount of charity work done or as to the sal- 
aries received for services, as the data on this subject 
have been too incomplete. The reports, however, 
show that a large amount of gratuitous work is done 
in the recognized charitable institutions, also in con- 
nection with the dispensaries and hospitals conducted 
in part for medical education of undergraduates and 
graduates. The salaries received in these institutions 
vary from three hundred to twelve hundred dollars a 
year. CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICAL LITERATURE AND 
MEDICAL SCIENCE. 
Class of 1873—Rosa Engert: Papers written and 
published: “Report on Obstetrics;” “On the Relation 
of Fibro-Myoma to the Organization of White Throm- 
bus;” “On the Action of Pyro-Gallic Acid in Diseases 
of the Skin and Mucous Membrane.” The last named 
was printed in the Vienna Medicinische Wochenschrift. 
Class of 1874—Lucinda Corr: “Pathology and 
Therapeutics of the Puerperal State,” 111. S. Med. 
Soc. Trans., 1890; “Cholera Infantum as a Neu- 
rosis;” “Little Things in Gynecology.” The Doc- 
tor’s book on “Obstetics Reduced to Questions and 
Answers, ” received the approval of Prof. W. H. Byford, 
which is a sufficient guarantee of its worth. 
Sarah Hackett Stevenson is the author of an excel- 
lent work on “Physiology for Women,” a book for 
popular reading. “A Study of Placenta Previa; Es- 
pecially the causes of Hemorrhage,” read before the 
Section on Obstetrics in the first Pan-American Med- 
ical Congress, held in Washington, D. C., in 1893, 
and published in its Transactions, is only one of her 
many medical papers. 
Class of 1875—Dr. Wagstaff reports a paper read 
before the Los Angeles Med. Asso., “Status of Ob- 
stetrics.” 
Class of 1876—Margaret Caldwell has prepared and 
read before the State Med. Soc. of Wisconsin, “Pelvic 
Cellulitis,” “Spinal Anemia,” “The Reduction of Uter- 
ine Displacements by Bi-Manual Procedure Under 
an Anesthetic,” and “The Care of the Patient During 
the Lying-in Period.” 
Harriet E. Garrison: “Evolution of Girls,” forty- 
seventh annual meeting American Med. Asso., at At- 
lanta, Georgia, 1896, published in its journal; “Roseolo 
and Rothlin,” Am. Med. Surgical Bulletin, Oct, 
1894; “Some Clinical Reflections on the Treatment 
126 Contributions to Medical Literature and Medical Science. 
127 
of Diphtheria,” Dietetic Gazette, Feb., 1893: “Scarlet 
Fever Treated with Antefebrin,” N. Y. Med. Record\ 
Oct. 22, 1892; “A Case of Exophthalmus in an Infant 
of Three Months/’ Jour. Am. Med. Asso.; report 
of Proceedings of Pediatrics, forty-ninth annual meet- 
ing. 
Class of 1877—(No report). 
Class of 1878—L. Anna Ballard: “Treatment of 
Urethral Neoplasms by Injections of Carbolic Acid,” 
read before the Michigan State Med. Soc. and pub- 
lished in the Transactions, 1886; address at the funeral 
of Dr. H. B. Shank, who was one of the oldest 
physicians of Central Michigan, and published in the 
Am. Lancet, June, 1889; also minor papers on orig- 
inal work and investigation before the Lansing City 
Med. Soc. 
Class of 1879—Marie J. Mergler; “Progress in 
Gynecology,” 111. S. Med. Soc. Trans., 1886; “The 
Progress of Therapeutics in Gynecology,” 111. S. Med. 
Soc. Trans., 1887; “Etiology and Treatment of Sal- 
pingitis,” 111. S. Med. Soc. Trans., 1888; “Report of a 
Case of Placenta Previa,” Chi. Path. Soc., 1890; “Re- 
port of Two Cases of Abdominal Surgery, ” Chi. Med. 
Recorder, Vol. 111, 1892; A Case of Acquired Sterility,” 
Chi. Clin. Rev., 1892; “A Guide to the Study of 
Gynecology”—student’s class book—pp. 154, 1892; 
“What are the Indications for the Removal of Uterine 
Appendages?” Med. and Surg. Reporter, July, 1893; 
“The Diagnosis and Treatment of Complications of 
Typhoid Fever in Diseases of the Female Generative 
Organs, 'Chi. Med. Recorder, 1895; “Report of Cases 
of Abdominal Sections for (a) Tubal Abortion; (b) 
Fibroid of the Uterus; (<f) Puerperal Infection; (d') 
Myxoma of the Peritoneum; (e) Ovarian Abscesses,” 
Chi. Med. Recorder, 1896, p. 42; Exhibition of Spec- 
imens: (a) Subserous Fibroid; (b) Pus Tubes; (c) 
Adeno Carcinoma of the Ovaries,” Chi. Med. Recorder, 
Dec., 1896, p. 425. 
Miscellaneous papers; “Preparation of Microscop- 128 
Contributions to Medical Literature and Medical Science. 
ical Specimens and Camera Lucida Drawings, Illus- 
trating a paper on Tubercular Meningitis by Prof. 
Charles W. Earle,” Chi. Journal and Examiner, 
Vol. 39, 1B79; “Preparation and Description of Spec- 
imens of Cirrhosis of the Pancreas by Prof. Chas. 
W. Earle;” associate to Prof. Chas. W. Earle in 
“Diseases of the New Born,” American Text Book 
of Obstetrics;* “History of the Woman’s Medical Col- 
lege of Chicago,” for the Report of the Woman’s 
Congress of the Columbian Exposition—also history 
of same for the Medical and Dental Colleges of the 
West, 1896. 
Dr. Agnes McMahon: Clinical Reports, Indiana 
Med. Soc. 
Class of 1880—(No report). 
Class of 1881—Olive E. Worcester: “Diphtheria with 
Report of Case,” read before the Florida State Med. 
Asso., session of 1892. The paper received compli- 
mentary notice in La Abeja Me die a, a medical 
journal published in Havana. 
Class of 1882—Harriett Arland Anderson: “Met- 
orrhagia,” “Purpura Hemorrhagica,” report of a case; 
“Cerebral Congestion in Infancy and Childhood,” and 
“Acute Pleurisy,” read before the State Med. Soc. of 
Wis. and the Central Wis. Soc. 
Louise Jessup-Smith; “Cholera,” “Pneumonia,” 
“Children's Ailments,” etc., read before the Indiana 
State Med. Soc. and Wabash County Med. Soc. 
Alcinda Auten-Pine; “On Heredity,” before the In- 
dustrial Union of St. Paul, published 1890. 
Katherine Miller: “Vaginal Irritation in Young 
Girls,” 1890; “Mucous Colitis,” 1893, 111. State Med. 
Soc., Trans.; “Posterior Displacements of the Uterus 
in Virgins;” “Eczema in Infants and Young Children;” 
“Mentha Piperata as a Topical Application;” “Malig- 
nant Growths, especially of the Digestive Tract,’’are 
among the papers read before the Illinois State and 
other medical societies. 
* Professor Earle’s last illness and death occurred before the completion of 
this work. Contributions to Medical Literature and Medical Science. 
129 
Bell. S. Graver: “Care of the Perineum in the 
Parturiant Woman,” read before the Defiance County 
Med. Soc., Ohio. 
Laura F. Daggett: “Neurasthenia;” “Pleuritis;” 
“Hemicrania, ” read before Minnehaha Med. Asso, of 
Dakota. 
Rachel Swain; “General Sanitation,” before the 
Indiana State Med. Soc., published in its Transac- 
tions; “Household Economies,” before the Woman’s 
Council; “Teaching Hygiene in the Public Schools,” 
before the Indiana State Teachers’ Asso., and has 
published a work on “Hygienic Cookery,” which 
grew out of her work as a manager of a School of 
Hygienic Cooking in Indianapolis. 
Lizzie R. Wass; “Meddlesome Midwifery,” read 
before Minnesota State Med. Soc. 
Eliza H. Root: “Constipation as a Cause of Pelvic 
Disease in Young Women,” 111. S. Med. Soc., Trans. 
1890; “Acute Nephritis in an Infant;” “A Case of 
Biliary Obstruction by a Calculus, with Intermittent 
Pyrexia, with Report of Autopsy, Made by Vida A. 
Latham;" “A Case of Celosomus (Variety Schistoso- 
mes), with Recovery;” Composite Monster, Monom- 
phalic Ischiopagus, ” Path. Soc. of Chi., Trans. 1895, 
also published in the Jour. Am. Med. Asso.; “Report 
of a case of Puerperal Scepticemia, with a Laparoto- 
my, by Dr. Mergler, ” Chicago Med. Recorder, June, 
1896; “Hysteria, a Symptom of Serious Disease, with 
Report of Cases,” Medical Age, Detroit, Oct. 10, 1890; 
“Anomaly of Prehension—Report of a Case,” Medi- 
cal Reviezv of Pittsburg, early in 1888; “Status of 
Obstetrics in General Practice,” first Pan-American 
Med. Congress, Trans. 1893. 
Class of 1883—Augusta De Forest-Brown has 
studied the Power of Habit over Nerve Centers, with 
laboratory work in foreign cities. 
Frank Groat; “Care of the Puerperal Woman;” 
“Diphtheria;” read before District Society of North- 
west, Mo. 130 
Contributions to Medical Literature and Medical Science. 
Vaginia Mahoney: “Anatomy,” Southern 111. Med. 
Asso.; “Comparison of Human Anatomy with the 
Productive, Commercial and Financial World;” “Diph- 
theria, a Disease Prevalent in this Climate” (Arizona), 
with minor papers on Insanity while employed in the 
asylum. 
Sarah Cummings-Porter; “The Progress of Medi- 
cine in Japan.” 
Class of 1884—Mary J. Magill: “Hyperemia and 
Anemia of the Brain,” read before the Sacramento 
Med. Soc., Feb., 1885, Dr. Magill being the first 
woman to become a member of that organization. 
Class of 1886—Anna Braunwarth: “After Treat- 
ment of Laparotomy,’ read before the Military Tract 
Asso. of Illinois. 
Class of 1885—(No report). 
Helen R. Kellogg; “Report of a Case of Eclamp- 
sia,” Chi. Path. Soc. 
Class of 1887—Frances Leake; “Hysteria,” read be- 
fore Austin District Med. Soc., Texas. 
Rhoda Galloway; “Antiseptic Surgery,” read before 
the McLean Co,, (111.) Med. Soc. 
Beatrice Pearce; “Antiseptic Midwifery,” read be- 
fore the Lake Co. (Ilk) Med. Soc. 
Emma Standly: “Cleanliness in Obstetrics,” read 
before 111. S. Med. Soc., Trans. 1896; “The Woman 
Physician,” Military Tract Med. Asso., Oct., 1896. 
Helen Heize: “Treatment of Arrested Growth in 
Children,” 111. S. Med. Soc,, Trans. 1895: “Care of 
Perineum;” “Eclampsia,” before the Military Tract 
Soc. 
Class of 1888—Mary B. Tuttle: “Alcohol as a 
Therapeutic Agent,” read before lowa State Med. 
Soc.; “Differential Diagnosis Between Diphtheria and 
Membranous Croup,” Des Moines County Med. Soc. 
Agnes Eichelberger; “Treatment of Pelvic Cellu- 
litis with Electricity,” read before Sioux City Med. 
Soc. 
Class of 1889—Rosa Engelmann, B. A.; “The Inter- Contributions to Medical Literature ami Medical Science. 
131 
Relation of Some of the Local Spasms of Early Life,” 
1894; “The Etiology, of Infantile Diarrhoea;” “Scar- 
latina and the Streptococcus Infection," 1895; “Ob- 
servations Upon the Use of Anti-Toxin in One Hun- 
dred Cases of Diphtheria," 1896, printed in four. 
Am. Med. Asso., with reprints; “Cerebral Syphilis in 
a Ten-Months-Old Child,” reprint from Medicine, 
1895; “The Pseudo-Diphtheria Bacillus in its Rela- 
tion to Clinical Diphtheria,” Bulletin of Antitoxin 
Medical Corps, Chicago Board of Health, 1895-96. 
Metha Helfritz-Jonas; “The Microscope in Renal 
Disease;” “Diagnosis of Renal Disease from Tube 
Casts and Epithelial Casts,” Omaha Med, Soc. 
Janet Gunn; “Pelvic Abscess;” “Cystic Kidney;” 
“Typhoid Fever.” 
Class of 1890—Louise Drouillard: “Woman in the 
Medical Profession," read before the Tennessee State 
Med. Soc., published in The Med. and Surg. Re- 
porter, June 22, 1895. Dr. Drouillard has the honor 
of being the first woman elected a member of the 
society and the first woman to read a paper before it. 
Cynthia Agnes Skinner: “Physical Culture from 
a Medical Standpoint,” read before the Military Tract 
Med. Soc,, Oct,, 1896. 
Class of 1891—Mary MacNeill: “Heredity;” “Hy- 
giene of Food,” “Hygiene of Dress,” before the W. 
C. T. U. Dr. MacNeill is the first and only woman 
to endeavor to pass the Provincial Medical Exami- 
nation of British Columbia, Her work is that of a 
pioneer in medicine for women. 
Anna H, McFarland (Cromwell): “Illinois Lunacy 
Laws,” 111. S. Med. Soc., 1893 Trans.; “Surgical Peri- 
tonitis;” “Chronic Hystero-Insanity. ” 
Martha J, Smith; “Effects of Modern Dress upon 
the Health of Women;” “Etiology of Disease Pecu- 
liar to Women,” before Indiana State Med. Soc., 
printed in Jour. Am. Med. Asso. 
Class of 1892—Letitia Westgate: “Report of a 
Case of Foetal Xiphopagus, with Extrophy of Ab- 182 Contributions to Medical Literature and Medical Science. 
dominal Organs of Both Foetuses in a Membranous 
Sac, ” New York Med. Journal, Sept, i, 1894, and which 
received notice in The Annual Universal Medical 
Sciences. 
Class of 1893—Ella Timmerman; “Open Letter 
on the Care of the Insane, ” Chicago Clinical Review, 
Jam, 1897. 
Class of 1894—Bethena Coon: “Clinical Report, 
Made to the Peoria City Medical Society, of a Case 
of Pregnant Double Uterus with Mummified Foetus,” 
published in Zhe Peoria Med. Jour., Dec., 1896. 
Class of 1895—Vida A. Latham, F. S. Soc., F. R. 
M. S. (London), D. D. S. Among her many papers; 
“Diseases of the Maxillary Bones and the Perios- 
teum;” “Study of a Case of Elephantiasis and Its 
Histology;” “The Technique and Pathology of the 
Peridental Membrane;” “The Forms and Origin of the 
Teeth;” “Palatal Diseases as Applied to Dentistry, 
Pathology, with Cases;” “A Study of Decayed Nuts;” 
“Stomatitis, Especially with Reference to Dentition 
and Dental Surgery;” “What Changes Occur in the 
Teeth with the Advancement of Age;” “Die Formen 
und der Unsprung der Zahne, ” published in Berlin 
Corblt. fer Zahnartze, 1889; “The Literary Style of 
Scientific Text Books;” “The Origin and Causes of 
Green Stain on the Teeth;” “Microscopic Anatomy 
in a Case of Chronic Lead Poisoning, with Slides 
and Photographs;” “Methods and Formulae Used in 
Preparation and Examination of the Pathology and 
Normal Aspects of the Blood;” “A Case of Congeni- 
tal Heart Disease;” “On Paralysis of the Vocal Cords 
in Tuberculous Patients;” “Tumors of the Oral Cav- 
ity, with Cases and Photographs.” 
Class of 1896—Eva Field: “A Contribution to the 
Study of Malignant Growths in the Lower Animals, ” 
Chi. Path. Soc., Trans. i894-’95—published in the 
Jour. Am. Med. Asso., and read before the Micro- 
scopical Society. Dr. Field prepared this paper while 
yet a student. Philanthropy. 
As an index to the general activity of our alumnae, 
the above list is very inadequate. All are busy wo- 
men and all neglect, more or less, to give to the 
world the results of their work, piloted by study and 
observation. The Clinical Report is being rapidly 
adopted by the profession as the most practical means 
by which contributions to medical science can be made. 
It is made apparent by the list of contributions given 
that our women are in no way out of harmony with 
the prevailing spirit. 
Many of our number have reported papers without 
stating titles, names of societies before which they 
were presented, or if they were printed. Conse- 
quently, many a printed paper of value has no doubt 
escaped us. Among those the titles of whose papers 
we cannot give are some of our most active and useful 
women, viz.; Catherine B. Slater, ’79; Emma N. 
Wanty and Jennie M. Dobson, ’80; Mary Buten 
Ryerson, ’81; Annis T. Wass and Mary C. Knight, 
’B2; Avis Smith, ’B3; Elizabeth Cassel, ’B3; Lucy 
Ermine Powell, ’B4; Rose Talbot-Bullard, ’B6 (an as- 
sociate editor of The Southern California Practi- 
tioner), and Vagina Dinsmore, ’B9. 
PHILANTHROPY. 
There is no calling that gives of its substance to 
philanthropic ends, so self-denyingly and unheralded, 
as the medical practitioner. Years and months of 
patient toil are devoted to institutions—the position 
the only reward. Pity it is'that eminence, even of 
low degree, must be gained only through this wide- 
open door of charity that so few appreciate. The 
physician of experience is wanted, the physician of 
nerve is wanted, and he must obtain these qualifica- 
tions by paying out too often the best and most vig- 
orous portion of his life. 
This is no less true of the woman who practices Philanthropy. 
medicine than of the man. If any doubt it let them 
run over the names of the alumnae herein recorded 
and count those who are working, or have worked, in 
hospitals, reform schools for girls, industrial schools 
for girls, homes for the friendless, homes for destitute 
children and refuges for the erring, and he will have 
arrived at only half of the great sum of giving rep- 
resented in the work of the members of this Alumnae 
Association. The poor woman and her child will be 
“looked over” and be given her medicine—the only 
price she pays, “Doctor, I am so grateful to you!” 
We will venture that this has been said by more than 
one patient in the private office of every member of 
our association. 
While the members of our association each give, 
some less and some more, of their activities toward 
philanthropy, there is no one member who has de- 
voted a lifetime so completely as Dr. Kate C. Bush- 
nell. She gave up her practice to enter as an evan- 
gelist in the Social Purity department of the W. C. 
T. U. She founded the Anchorage Mission, a rescue 
home for women and girls in Chicago. During her 
“round-the-world” tour in the interest of Social Purity, 
she succeeded, with the help of English purity work- 
ers, in securing an alteration in the laws of India for 
the better protection of the native women from moral 
degradation. Her “work for the better legal protec- 
tion for women” is now conducted in cooperation with 
other philanthropic people, but independent of any 
organized body. Lastly, but not least, Dr. Lucinda 
Corr has reared three orphan children as a mother 
would her very own. EDUCATIONAL WORK. 
MARY C. HOLLISTER. 
Many of the alumnae are occupying positions as pro- 
fessors and teachers in medical and literary schools. 
Our women, by their upright lives and skillful minis- 
trations to the sick, are surely breaking down the 
barriers of prejudice against women physicians. By 
lectures given before clubs and societies and by talks 
in the home they are educating mothers and daugh- 
ters in the laws of health, and doing much to elevate 
the general moral standard. 
Heading the list and of whom our alumnae are 
justly proud, is Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson, Pro- 
fessor of Physiology during the early life of the school 
and later Professor of Obstetrics in the Woman’s 
Medical College, until the AVinter of 1893. She has 
written many papers and addressed societies and clubs 
without number. It is perhaps true that no one 
woman has done more to prove the ability of her sex 
to take a position in life, and maintain it, than has 
Dr. Stevenson. During the World’s Fair of 1893 she 
was President of the Woman’s Club of Chicago, and 
took an active part in the Auxiliary Congresses held 
at the Art Institute. During this time she met many 
foreigners, surprising them with the American woman’s 
ability, and many went home with modified ideas of 
“women’s sphere.” 
Twenty of the alumnae are now, or have been, pro- 
fessors, instructors or clinical teachers in the Woman’s 
Medical School. Among the first women to hold posi- 
tions as lecturers in our school is Dr. Marie J. Merg- 
ler, who has been an instructor since graduating. She 
135 Missionary Workers. 
has labored earnestly to obtain the very best oppor- 
tunities for a thorough medical education for women 
and has contributed to their training for efficient 
work. 
Eight alumnae are professors or clinical teachers in 
other medical schools in Chicago. Three are teach- 
ing in a medical school in Missouri, and one is lecturing 
in the Ohio State University. Two alumnae are teach- 
ing Physiology and Hygiene in colleges, and five are 
teaching the same subjects in norma] schools and 
seminaries. 
Many have written papers for literary societies and 
addressed clubs, others have published their writings. 
In conclusion it should be said that the report of the 
educational work done by the alumnae is not complete; 
a small number have not been heard from. Others, 
again, have not reported all the work they have done 
in literary societies, women’s clubs and numerous other 
societies, which, in many instances, has been prelimi- 
nary to their literary career as contributors to medical 
science. 
MISSIONARY WORKERS. 
ELIZA H. ROOT. 
CHINA. 
Lettie Mason Quine, ’74, after graduating went to 
Kiu Kiang, China, as a|Medical Missionary under the 
VV. F. M. S. of the Methodist Church. While in 
China she became ill and was obliged to return to 
America in the Summer of 1876. Soon after her re- 
turn she became the wife of Dr. Wm. E. Quine, a 
prominent physician of Chicago. The doctor says; 
“My special line of work is “Home Making." 
Kate C. Bushnell, ’79. After a hospital course as Missionary Workers. 
137 
interne she went to China in October, 1879, where she 
remained three years as a Medical Missionary under 
the M. E. Foreign Missionary Society. At the ex- 
piration of this time she was obliged to return home 
with her sick friend, Ella M. Gilchrist, and has since 
been engaged in social purity work in America, visit- 
ing also nearly every country of the world, and has 
spoken to thousands of different peoples through in- 
terpreters. 
Estelle Akers-Perkins, Class of ’Bl, went to Tien- 
tsin, China, in May, 1881, as a Medical Missionary of 
the Methodist Foreign Mission Board, where she 
worked with Dr, Gloss in the Isabella Fisher Hospital 
for Women. While there she met and married Mr. 
Perkins, a minister and a missionary, in 1885. In 
1893 she returned to America, returning again to 
Tientsin, where she now resides. Since her marriage 
she has not wholly abandoned medical work. She is 
now the happy mother of ‘ ‘five most active boys and 
girls.” 
Ella M. Gilchrist, ’Bl, went to Tientsin, China, 
after her graduation, under the Methodist Foreign 
Mission Board. Her work as a medical missionary 
was cut short by tuberculosis, of which she died soon 
after her return home. 
Stella B. N. Jones, ’B2, after her marriage to Dr, 
Jones, an accepted missionary, went with him to 
Pekin, China, remaining two years, when both re- 
turned to America. 
Anna Dennis Gloss, class of 1885, was born in Man- 
teno, Ilk, in 1861. In 1879 she entered the North- 
western University, at Evanston, 111. Three years later 
she matriculated in the medical department of the Mich- 
igan University, Ann Arbor, taking one year’s course, 
after which she entered the Woman’s College in 1883, 
from which she was graduated in 1885. In the Fall of 
the same year she went to Tientsin, China, to take 
charge of the Isabella Fisher Hospital for Women and 
Children. In November, 1890, the Doctor was obliged 138 
Missionary Workers. 
to return home because of impaired health due to ma- 
laria that would not yield to treatment in China. After 
her recovery to health she went to New York for a 
post-graduate course with special reference to disease 
prevalent in China. During September, 1893, she re- 
turned to China and opened a free dispensary at 
Pekin, treating daily fifty or more patients. Since her 
return a new hospital with modern conveniences has 
been built under her superintendence and of which she 
is to take charge. 
Ellen M. Lyon, class ’9O, sailed for Foo-Chow, 
China, in December of the same year, under the Wo- 
man’s Board of Foreign Missions of the M. E. Church. 
The Doctor is now in charge of the Woolston Me- 
morial Hospital, that reports for its second year’s work 
the treatment of 2,520 patients in its dispensary and 
131 in patients, with 440 visits to the home. Two na- 
tive graduates of the school have assisted her in the 
work. She has been called to the homes of the rich 
and poor, the official and literati. An extract from 
her report for 1895 says: “Our little hospital is 
packed in between Chinese houses, and we all know 
how cholera raged this Summer, It was so common to 
see the sick dying and the dead lying in the narrow 
dirty streets that it took strength, courage and forti- 
tude to go out to the dispensaries, but the work went 
bravely on,” 
Ida Stevens, ’9O, was appointed under the M. E. 
Board of Foreign Missions and sailed for Tientsin, 
China, in 1890. She is one of two physicians in charge 
of the medical mission work of the M. E. Church at 
that place. They have one hospital and two dispensa- 
ries for women and children. In 1894 the Doctor came 
home for a needed rest, returning to Tientsin in ’95. 
Lucy Gaynor, class ’9l, received a call from the 
Foreign Mission Society of Friends for Nankin, China, 
In 1892 she sailed for her destined field, where she does 
not only the medical work of the Home in which she re- 
sides, but finds time to devote to several little girls “not Missionary Workers. 
wanted” and deserted by disappointed Chinese parents. 
She pays considerable attention to the treatment of the 
Chinese bound feet, and where she can gain the 
women’s unqualified consent to unbind them restore's 
the feet as far as surgery and dressings can accom- 
plish that end. She has succeeded in several instances 
in restoring to these women feet on which they 
can stand and walk comfortably. 
The bound feet of China are a fearful reality and 
not a myth, as many are apt to think. The child’s 
foot is bound first at six or seven years of age. The 
BOUND FEET (“GOLDEN LILIES”) 
FOREIGN SHOE. PINT CUP. 
UNBOUND FEET. AFTER OPERATION. 
SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW. 
toes are bound back to the heel, the center of the foot 
being pushed up above the shoe and kept in place by 
means of a tight bandage. It is pitiable to see the 
suffering thus produced, even after the deformity has 
been secured. Inflammations, with suppuration and 
sloughing, are not uncommon. 
The foot in the illustration, taken from an original 
photograph, shows the bound foot, the foreign shoe it 
should fit and the cup that it does fit. The unbound 
feet are certainly not creations of beauty, but the prin- 
ciple involved is of great importance in christianizing 
the people. 
An important step has been taken by the mission 
in saying that unless a woman is willing to unbind 
her feet she cannot enter the schools, except when a phy- 140 
Missionary Workers. 
sician says it is impossible. Frequently the bones 
in the center of the foot are destroyed, and the woman 
cannot unbind. The foot never returns to its natural 
shape and the processes of unbinding and of treatment 
are painful. 
Many of the Chinese women are walking on feet like 
those in the illustration, also taken from an original 
photograph.* 
Julia Maud Donahue, class '92, soon after finishing 
her hospital course received her appointment to the 
foreign mission held, under the M. E. Woman’s 
Foreign Mission Board. She sailed from San Fran- 
cisco on December 24, 1894, arriving in February, 1895, 
at Ring Hau City, Foo Chow, China. Her work dur- 
ing the first year was interrupted by the massacre of 
Christians that took place at Hua-Sang, in the dis- 
trict of Hu-Cheng. Terror became so widespread 
that she, with other members of the station, was or- 
dered to Foo Chow City, a distance of 100 miles. 
Here she remained some three months, until the Eng- 
lish and American consuls considered it safe to return. 
Cholera and the plague have swept over the district 
since her arrival. The Doctor’s first case was a wom- 
an’s bound foot, in which suppurative inflammation 
with sloughing had taken place. The Doctor takes 
charge of the new hospital opened the present year for 
women. 
Anna Larson, class ’92, graduated as a trained nurse 
from the Chicago Hospital for Women and Children. 
In July, 1892, after graduating from the college, left 
America for Sweden, where she spent several months 
in hospital training, after which she sailed for China, 
where she took charge of the woman’s department of a 
dispensary in Ichow-fu, Shanghai. The Doctor’s influ- 
ence upon the dispensary attendance was marked, the 
women numbering more than one-third of the total 
attendance; whereas, before, they had numbered less 
*We are indebted to Dr. Donahue for the photographs. Missionary Workers. 
141 
than one-fifth. The dispensary gives an average daily 
attendance of 44 patients. 
Josephine Bixby, class ’93, Swatow, China, under 
the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, and has charge 
of the medical work at this mission. 
Eleanor Chestnut, class ’93, Canton, China, under 
the Presbyterian Mission Board, sailed for her station 
in 1894. At Canton she has charge of the Woman’s 
Hospital and the dispensary work at San Kong and 
Lien Chow. 
INDIA. 
Laura M. Hyde-Foote, class of ’B3. In October, 
1883, Dr. Hyde sailed for India, under the auspices of 
the M. E. Woman’s Foreign Mission Society. She did 
excellent work at Cawnpore as a Zenana medical mis- 
sionary, In 1893 she returned with her husband, Rev. 
Frank W. Foote, to Rochester, N. Y., where she now 
resides. 
Dr. Marion Fairweather-Sterling, ’B5, spent seven 
years in India as Zenana teacher prior to studying 
medicine. Impressed with her need of medical knowl- 
edge as an aid to furthering Christianity among the 
people, she entered the Charity Hospital, Blackwell’s 
Island, N'. Y., in 1880, where she spent two years, 
graduating from the Woman’s Medical College, Chi- 
cago, in 1885. She soon afterward received the 
appointment to the position of Physician under the 
Countess of Dufierin’s Fund in Hindostan, arriving at 
Agre, India, in January, 1887. Temporary buildings 
for hospital purposes were procured and it became 
necessary to open two out-door dispensaries, A medi- 
cal school was established and soon had some fifty 
students. The Doctor visited various parts of India in 
furtherance of the work that had proved so successful 
in Agre. In 1888 her husband’s health failed, and both 
were obliged to leave India and return to America. 
Dr. Lydia Wykoff, class of 1886, spent several years 
in India—the first two in Bombay, the remainder in 
Singapore, Malay Peninsular, where she established in 
1891 the Betheny Industrial Home for Women. 142 
Missionary Workers. 
Izillah Ernsberger, ’BB, soon after graduating, entered 
the foreign field at Camp Baroda, Bombay Presidency, 
India. Here she took charge of a dispensary, the work 
of which has prospered under her care. She arrived at 
Baroda in February, 1889. The following April 112 
patients, old and new, visited her at the dispensary, 
and in April of the following year 344 patients visited 
the dispensary. Here she served five years. The 
Doctor returned home for a rest, and is again in India, 
where she has taken charge of a mission at Sironcha. 
Mary C. Fowler, ’B9, Bassein Burmah, India, via 
Brindisi. In charge of Carpenter Hospital. Arrived 
at her post in iSpr. Her patients are natives of the 
jungle and are very primitive, being governed by super- 
stitions about disease and the taking of medicine that 
greatly impede the efforts made for their relief. 
Kate McGregor-Boomer, '92, Barrilly, India. Went 
abroad under the M, E. Board of Foreign Missions. 
After her hospital course she sailed for India, where 
she remained in hospital work for two years. Since 
her return to the United States she has married and 
does no medical work. 
Jennie M. Dart, ’93, Barrilly, India, is under the M. 
E. Board of Foreign Missions as a medical missionary, 
having charge of a dispensary connected with a hos- 
pital. The dispensary has a large clientele, Dr. Dart 
treating at the rate of forty or more patients a day. 
This, aside from studying the language, with other 
daily duties, makes a work arduous in a temperate cli- 
mate, to say nothing of a tropical one. Her work is 
mostly among the Hindoos, Mohammedans and native 
Christians. The Doctor says : “The women of India 
must be reached by women,” and that appliances for 
obstetrical, surgical, or other work, when not at hand, 
are a great hindrance to progress. 
Forena Breed, ’93, Nal Gonda, Deccan, India. 
Went to India, in 1895, under the Baptist Board of 
Foreign Missions as a medical missionary, serving at 
the station above named under a hospital appointment. Missionary Workers. 
PERSIA. 
Mary E. Bradford, ’B7, Tobris, Persia, under the 
Presbyterian American Mission of Rev. Wilson, has 
been engaged in the work of a busy medical mission- 
ary. During the cholera that devastated Persia in 
1894, the Doctor’s heroic efforts to relieve suffering 
won praise from the press and the people at home 
and abroad. 
Mary Jane Smith, ’B9, Teheran, Persia, Went as 
a medical missionary, and is serving in the American 
Mission hospital under the Presbyterian Board. Is 
occasionally sent to other points to do medical work 
in an emergency, or to relieve the physician in 
charge of the station to which she is sent. Dr. Smith 
also wears well earned laurels as a partial reward for 
her labor during the cholera epidemic, so devastating 
to Persia. 
Emma T. Miller, ’9O, Oroomiah, Persia, a medical 
missionary under the Presbyterian Board, was sent to 
the American Mission (which has a large hospital 
near Oroomiah), reaching Persia, Oct. 31, 1891. The 
languages of Persia are the Persian, Turkish, Arme- 
nian, Arabic, Syriac, Koordish, etc., with numerous 
dialects. The first work is to master the language, 
and the Doctor adopts the Turkish, the language of 
the Mohammedans, among whom she expects to 
work ; also the Syriac, the language of Oroomiah. 
She has opened a dispensary, and also won, with Drs. 
Smith and Bradford, her share of renown for her 
part in the cholera epidemic of ’94. During the first 
year at her station, when the missionary is not ex- 
pected to do medical work, the Doctor saw from fifty 
to one hundred patients per month, with occasionally 
a difficult obstetrical case. 
KOREA. 
Meta Howard, ’B7, A. M., M. D., went to Souel, 
Korea, in Oct., 1887, under the Methodist Board 
of Foreign Missions, She says: ‘When I arrived I 
found that I was the first medical woman to enter Missionary Workers. 
the country. The first six months' work, while gaining 
a knowledge of the language, was conducted in a 
hospital for men, to which but few women would come, 
because they would have to be seen by men. Another 
part of the house was set aside for the women, 
but this did not work much better, as the Great Gate, 
or entrance, must be used by both sexes. To over- 
come this I secured a Korean house and converted 
it into a hospital for women, building about it a high 
wall. But even this did not secure confidence. Men 
were afraid to trust their wives, except the Doctor’s 
presence was to be constant, Korean customs forbid- 
ding women to go out upon the streets. 
“For a hospital two lady physicians are necessary, 
with a trained nurse. As I was alone I cannot boast 
of any Korean lady being under my roof. But bet- 
ter classes of concubines came, until I received second 
wives from the highest official families. No male phy- 
sician can treat any but the coolie wives and poorer 
concubines. There is no prejudice against a lady 
treating men, which leaves the field free to women, 
except in a few hospitals for men. It is a small esti- 
mate to say that three times as many women physi- 
cians are needed as men. 
“The Korean doctors are men for men and women 
for women. When I opened my hospital the King 
sent me a name for it, which signifies ‘The House 
Where Many Sick Women Are Cured.' A soldier 
from the royal body-guard was granted me previously, 
so I had every mark of His Highness’ favor. This 
opened all doors, and I was welcomed in the homes 
of the nobility, as well as the humble. I found the 
highest ladies needed me most, because of their close 
seclusion in unsanitary homes. Altogether, the treat- 
ment I received was more than royal, as it was 
prompted by genuine affection. I regard Korea as a 
most needy, yet most promising field. The lady 
physician is well received by all foreigners in the 
legations and customs service.” Missionary Workers. 
145 
Lilias Horton-Underwood, ’B7, went to Souel, 
Korea, and entered upon the work of a medical 
missionary in a Korean hospital under the Presbyterian 
Board of Foreign Missions. The climate proved too 
damp for a delicate organization, causing her to suf- 
fer from ill health. While there the Doctor met and 
married in March, 1888, Mr, Underwood, a Presby- 
terian clergyman and missionary. Her wedding day 
in far-away Souel, Korea, was celebrated in Chicago 
by her parents, who gave a dinner at the Chicago 
Hospital for Women and Children. The giving of 
this wedding feast by Mr. and Mrs. Horton was a 
most graceful act and one not without pathos, as the 
Doctor had served the institution as interne and 
several still remained who held her in grateful remem- 
brance. 
JAPAN. 
Yasu Hishikawa came to our school for a medical 
education through the efforts of missionary workers in 
Japan. A native of Japan, she spoke the English 
language well, and the clear and cultivated mind she 
displayed in her recitations was not only a credit to 
her teachers but spoke well for the intellectual capa- 
bilities of the Japanese woman. The bravery of this 
little woman is almost phenomenal. She came empty 
handed, “literally working her passage to Chicago,” 
as the late Dr. Shipman has said of her. She pur- 
sued her medical studies with marked credit, graduat- 
ing with her class as one of its best students, having 
passed the highest examination in Medical Jurispru- 
dence, After graduating she served as Assistant 
House Physician at the Foundlings’ Home, and pur- 
sued as interne a partial course in the Woman’s Hos- 
pital. Before coming to America she studied medicine 
with Dr. Sarah Cummings-Porter, who was largely 
instrumental in securing for her a medical education 
in our school. Before leaving for Japan in Nov., 
1890, Dr. and Mrs. Earle gave a reception in her 
honor, when she bade farewell to many friends with Missionary Workers. 
real sorrow, for she had “been so happy” in America. 
Returning to Japan she began work in Nigeshi Hos- 
pital, Yokohama. 
Sarah K. Cummings-Porter, class ’B3, went to Kioto, 
Japan, as a medical missionary under the Assembly 
Board of the Presbyterian Church, arriving in Oct,, 
1883. For three years her practice was large, being 
among native Japanese and missionaries. Permission 
to practice in the interior of Japan was granted as 
a courtesy of the government, but the favor could be 
restricted when the jealousy of native physicians chose 
to ask for such restrictions. This the Doctor experi- 
enced, which, with the failure of her health, led to 
her return to America in the Autumn of 1890. Every- 
thing, in all departments, is now open to women in 
Japan, and the education of women is one of the im- 
portant questions of the country. 
AFRICA. 
Gertrude Jacobs-Cotton, class of 1889. In May, 
1889, she was married to Rev. H. A. Cotton and 
sailed for Bailundu, West Central Africa. She re- 
mained in Bailundu until Nov., 1891, when she 
started for home, her husband having suffered from 
the African malarial fever. After a tedious voyage, 
by way of Lisbon and Liverpool, she arrived in Chi- 
ago on Feb. 23, 1892. Since her return the Doctor has 
not engaged in practice. 
MEXICO. 
Margaret Green-Cartwright, 90, after her hospital 
course, married Ira C. Cartwright, a Methodist min- 
ister. Together they went to Pachua, Mexico, where 
the Doctor is now in practice. 
ALASKA. 
Mary V. Glenton, ’93, went as a medical mission- 
ary to Alaska under the Episcopal Board of Missions. 
Those now waiting to be sent to the' foreign field 
are Doctors Susan Laurence-Skinner ’94, Eva H. 
Field, Christina Mackenzie and Susan F. Shank, ’96. NECROLOGY. 
MARY C. HOLLISTER. 
Annie Emelia Barlow was born in New Jersey, 
August 27, 1864, and died at Clifton Springs, N. Y., 
May 14, 1890. She was graduated from the Evans- 
ton, 111., high school, and entered the Northwestern 
University, but was obliged to relinquish the course 
owing to her father’s death. After his death she went 
to England with her mother, and continued her 
studies at Manchester High School. Deciding to 
study medicine she returned to America and spent 
two years at Clifton Springs, N. Y,, as a medical 
student. She then came to our school and was grad- 
uated in 1888. The year following she served as a 
resident physician in Clifton Springs Sanitarium, and 
entered upon private practice in Geneva, N. Y. After 
seven years of practice she was elected a member of 
the medical faculty of Glen Springs Sanitarium. She 
died from blood-poisoning contracted while attending 
a charity case of difficult labor. 
Carrie Elise Brewer. Born in Illinois, March 9, 
1861, being the eldest of four children, and the only 
daughter. Her father, being a teacher, superintended 
her education until 1881. From early childhood it 
had been her ambition to become a physician. But 
this idea did not receive encouragement from her 
family, and, although she was a most affectionate 
and dutiful daughter, so anxious was she to give her 
attention to medical studies, she embraced the earliest 
opportunity looking to that end, and at Valparaiso, 
Ind., began the preliminary work in anatomy, physi- 
ology and chemistry. The following year she entered 
the Woman’s Medical College and graduated after a 
three years’ course. 
In November following graduation Dr. Brewer 
entered the Chicago Hosp. for W. and C. as interne. 
147 Necrology. 
For six months she performed her duties ably and 
faithfully, when she contracted scarlet fever while 
attending out-patients of the hospital dispensary. 
After a severe struggle with the disease she succumbed 
on the morning of April 6, 1886, the first anniversary 
of her graduation. In disposition she was gentle, 
affectionate and kind. Those who were most closely 
associated with her appreciated most the superior 
qualities of her character. The warm hearted sym- 
pathy and sunny brightness she carried into the sick- 
room acted as a charm against illness, and when she 
died, nurses and patients alike mourned for her as 
for a personal friend. 
Addie Aikens-Boucher graduated in the class of 
1880, and died at her home in Nashville, Illinois, in 
1886. She married soon after graduation and never 
practiced. 
Eva Bickford graduated with the class of 1876, 
being at one time Instructor in the Woman’s Medical 
College. She removed to lowa and there began prac- 
tice, her death occurring a few years after graduating. 
Susanne Buschman graduated in 1885. She never 
engaged in practice, on account of illness. The cause 
of death was tuberculosis. 
Mary Thomas BushnelL died in Cedar Rapids, 
lowa, December 19, 1890, aged 49 years. She 
graduated in 1884, engaging at once in practice. For 
two years before her death she endured the suffering 
attending cancer, of which she died. 
Augusta S. Campbell graduated in 1881. Date of 
decease not known. 
Augusta S. Conry died in the Summer of 1895, 
being a member of the class of 1881. She engaged 
in active practice, assisting her husband, a railroad 
surgeon in Kansas. 
Grace Danforth was born at Kenosha, Wis., on Feb, 
21, 1849, and died at Granger, Texas, Feb. 23, 1895. 
In 1886 she graduated in medicine, and during the fol- 
lowing year served as interne to the Chicago Hospital Necrology. 
149 
for Women and Children. After leaving the hospital 
she began private practice in Dallas, Texas, and re- 
ceived soon afterward an appointment as Assistant 
Physician to the State Insane Asylum at Terrell, 
Texas. In 1893 she took a post-graduate course in 
her Alma Mater. The Doctor was a broad-minded 
woman, and wherever known was respected for her 
conscientious earnestness, shown in all she undertook. 
Frances O. Day died, after a lingering illness of 
two years, June 12, 1896. After graduating in 1884 
she located in Blue Island, 111., where she was en- 
gaged in practice until ill health prevented further 
work. 
Alberta N. Douglas was born in New York, and 
moved with her parents to Illinois when ten years of 
age. She was a graduate of Mt. Morris Normal 
School, a member of the W. C. T. U. and of the 
Presbyterian Church, receiving her medical degree in 
1887. Dr. Douglas served the following year as in- 
terne to the Chicago Hosp. for W. and C., after which 
she engaged in practice in Joliet, 111. She died in 
Pretone, Kansas, May 13, 1890, of tuberculosis. The 
Doctor was a young woman of great promise. 
Belle S. Elliot. Died January 2, 1892, at Brooklyn, 
N. Y. In February of 1890, while in college, she 
had a severe attack of La Grippe, from which she 
never fully recovered. 
Elizabeth Wilson Ewing. Born at Leemington, 
Ohio, March 12, 1839. Her early education was re- 
ceived in the common schools and at Lexington Semi- 
nary. On June 26, 1867, she was graduated from Wash- 
ington Female Seminary. She was engaged as a teacher 
for several years in the common schools, Chenoa 
(111.) High School and the Seminary at Lexington, 
111, In 1882 she entered the Woman’s Medical School 
and was graduated in 1884. During the following 
October she removed to Sacramento City, California, 
and enjoyed a good practice until on May 30, 1890, 
when she was prostrated by heart disease. After four 150 
Necrology. 
weeks of suffering she died June 27. Dr. Ewing’s 
life was an example of purity and devoted unselfish- 
ness. 
Ellen M. Fairbanks died Sept. 16, 1885. Dr. 
Fairbanks’ maiden name was Backus, and she was 
born at Royalton, Vt., March 17, 1832. She was 
married to Alonzo Fairbanks on January 1, 7.850, hus- 
band and wife removing from Vermont to Fa Salle 
County, 111., in 1854, and to Austin, Minn., from 
Otranto, lowa, in 1859. 
In 1877 Dr, Fairbanks commenced the study of 
medicine, entering the Woman’s Medical School in 
1879, and graduating therefrom in 1881. She began 
practice in Austin and vicinity, continuing her pro- 
fessional labors successfully until within a few months 
of her death. 
About Christmas time of her last year of life, her 
eyesight failing, Dr. Fairbanks went to St. Paul to 
consult an occulist, and while there learned that she 
was a victim of Bright’s disease. 
Hoping, however, against hope, she did not give 
up until the following June. To her life was sweet 
and very bright. Husband was loved by her with a 
true wife’s devotion, and she was the fond mother 
of three sons. Trusted and sympathizing as a friend, 
with her beloved profession opening to her a wide 
field and with a past life of unusually good health, 
no wonder the struggle was a bitter one when she 
first knew that she must soon give up all. But she 
met the inevitable with Christian resignation, saying 
“I have strength not my own, not my own.” 
Martha Freelove died Sept. 21, 1891, at the 
age of fifty years. She was born in Vermont and 
lived in the East during the first half of her lifetime, 
teaching in the public schools for several years. Eater 
she married Mr. Freelove, who had been a soldier in 
the Union army. Together they came West, and after 
eight years of happy married life her husband died. 
Mrs. Freelove soon after entered the Woman’s Hos- Necrology. 
151 
pital of Chicago as a nurse, and for eight years suc- 
cessfully served in that capacity in private practice. 
In 1886 she began her medical course and gradu- 
ated in 1889. 
In July 1891, when returning from a professional 
call, Dr. Freelove was injured on a street car and her 
last illness dates from that time. She went to the 
Hospital for Women and Children, where after great 
suffering she died as stated on Sept. 21. After many 
years of tender ministration to the sufferings of others, 
she finally fell asleep with trained hands kindly min- 
istering to her own sufferings. 
Ella May Gilchrist was born at Pittsburg, Pa., Nov. 
5, 1852. Her parents having removed to Wisconsin at 
an early day, her education was obtained in the public 
schools of that state, where she engaged in teaching 
for some time. 
Dr, Gilchrist entered the Woman’s Medical College, 
of Chicago, in Oct., 1878, graduating with honors, in 1881, 
having been chosen valedictorian of her class. She had 
alreadv devoted herself to the foreign missionary work 
of the M. E. church and was sent to China the same 
year to the assistance of her friend, Dr. Kate C. Bush- 
nell. 
Friends feared the effect upon her health, which had 
already suffered to such an extent that a somewhat pro- 
longed visit to Colorado had been necessary. But she 
went and, with her accustomed zeal, threw herself into 
the twofold work of medical practice and the study of 
the difficult Chinese language. Overwork and the dis- 
advantage of an unusually rainy season soon accom- 
plished its work and the only hope was a return to a 
favorable climate. 
Dr. Bushnell brought her back in the Spring of 1882. 
The pure air and enforced rest at Denver, Colo., wrought 
such improvement in a few weeks that she was able to 
resume practice. Her death occurred April 23, 1884, 
her life being a sacrifice to zeal for the salvation of 
souls. Her last words were “There is so much forme 
to do for Jesus that I must get well.” 152 
Necrology. 
Louisa M. Grouard was born at Bradford, Mass., 
Oct. 31, 1831. She was the daughter of Jacob and 
Louisa Hardy, whose ancestors were of Mayflower 
stock. Her life presents many interesting features, 
showing her to be a woman with some of the lasting 
qualities of old Plymouth Rock itself. 
We can do no better than quote from a memorial 
sketch published in a California paper soon. after her 
death; “She was married to B. F. Grouard in 1852, 
and accompanied him to the Golden State, which threw 
out such bright allurements at that time, but which alas, 
lured only too many on to poverty and suffering. They 
remained in California until 1864, she sharing all en- 
forced hardships with her husband without complaint, 
and caring for her children under the rudest shelter. 
Good fortune sometimes smiled upon her, but not often, 
and in 1864 she with her family moved to Farmington, 
111. 
| If Doctor Grouard was not one of the famous ‘ ‘ 49ers” 
of the great gold struggle of California, that took place 
at that time, she is at least entitled to a place among 
them as one of the pioneers of an undeveloped country, 
and as one of the few women who dared to brave its 
hardships.—Editor.] 
“In Farmington the Doctor began the study of medi- 
cine with a local physician and finished her course in 
the Woman’s Medical College, in 1876. After grad- 
uation she entered at once upon the practice of medi- 
cine, which she followed successfully until her malady 
resulted in death. 
“She was the mother of eight children, three of whom 
died in infancy.” 
Dr. Grouard died in Santa Ana, California, at an 
advanced age, with her five remaining children, grown 
to man and womanhood, around her. 
Metha Helfritz Jonas died in Omaha, Neb., after 
prolonged ill health. During her life she practiced 
with her husband in Omaha, and was a member of the 
Omaha Med. Soc., Missouri Valley Med. Soc. and the 
Neb. State Med. Soc. Necrology. 
153 
Augusta Platt Kent was born at Albion, N, Y., No- 
vember 21, 1837. She was a graduate of Phipps Union 
Seminary at Albion. In iB6O she came to Chicago. 
Returning to Albion she commenced the study of med- 
icine, and married Samuel W. Kent, who lived one 
year. Dr. Kent again turned her attention to medicine 
and graduated in 1871 with the first class that went 
out from our school. She located in Chicago, enjoying 
a successful practice, until the winter of 1879 and ’BO, 
when she found the calls upon her strength were too 
great and it became necessary to take a rest, which 
she did in January at the home of her mother in 
Wheaton, 111., January 11, 1880. She died suddenly 
without apparent pain or warning. 
Mary J. Magill died in California. She was a 
member of the class of 1884, and was successful 
while in practice. 
Stella R. Medbnry graduated from the Woman’s 
Medical College in 1889 and died at the Woman’s 
Hospital, 32nd St. and Rhodes Ave., Dec. 8, 1894. 
Linda Miller graduated in 1871 and died in 1887, 
Further data unattainable. 
Mary Reynolds. Dr. Reynolds was one of those 
rare persons, who, orphaned from early childhood, 
made a success of life in spite of adverse fate. 
She was a pupil and teacher at Albion 
Academy and was also a student at the State 
University in Madison, Wis. She began hospital work 
at Mendota, Wis. Beginning with the hardest duties, 
she won the respect of all her fellow workers, and for 
five years was the most valued assistant in that insti- 
tution. 
Dr. Reynolds entered the Woman’s Medical Col- 
lege of Chicago in 1881, and her medical studies were 
continued, in spite of great discouragements, until her 
graduation in 1884 with honors. Then came private 
practice and a year’s work as assistant physician at the 
Wisconsin Northern Hospital. 
Her friends had hoped for many years of usefulness, 154 
Necrology. 
after all her brave, self-denying endeavor; but the 
progress of the fatal malady, the existence of which 
she had been aware before beginning her studies, could 
not be longer arrested, and she entered into rest May 
31, 1888. Her life was not a sacrifice, but a gift to 
others. 
Charity A. Sanders died March 2, 1892. She was 
born in Vermilion Co., 111., and while a mere child 
her father, who was chaplain of the 125 th 111. Volun- 
teers, was killed on the battlefield. 
After obtaining a good preliminary education Dr. 
Sanders entered the Woman’s Medical College of 
Chicago, and graduated with honor. Subsequently 
she became Resident Physician in the Chicago Hosp. 
for W. and C., and afterward located in Ottawa, 111. 
Here she soon acquired an extensive and lucrative 
practice in both city and country. In fact, she was 
one of the most successful physicians in Ottawa, being 
frequently called in consultation with those in longest 
practice. 
Close attention to her practice undermined her 
health. In the Summer of 1889 she had a long ill- 
ness. When able she went to the Hot Springs, South 
Dakota. After remaining there a short time, she 
went to the mining districts of the Black Hills, but 
recovery was slow and it was not until November, 
1891, that she was able to resume practice. 
From this time her health continued fairly good 
until a week previous to her death. The brave war- 
fare she had waged with that foe of the human race, 
tuberculosis, seemed all but successful, when exposure 
to a storm while attending a patient precipitated her 
last and fatal illness. 
The following is an extract from one of the nu- 
merous tributes of respect found in the daily press of 
Ottawa at the time of her death. 
“Dr, Charity Sanders was a noble woman. None 
knew her but to love her ; she was more than friend 
to many families with whom her profession had 
brought her in contact in this city. Necrology. 
155 
“She was modest and retiring in her lovable at- 
tributes. She moved among the sick like a Guardian 
Angel, unmindful that her presence was better than 
many physicians’ medicines. Many are the heartfelt 
expressions of sorrow heard at all hands among 
business men who knew her and in social circles 
where she moved, as well as among her legion of 
friends.” 
The following communication is from the leading 
physicians of Ottawa: 
“As a woman no one stood higher in this com- 
munity ; her ladylike qualities were recognized by all. 
As a true generous woman she will be greatly missed 
by the people of Ottawa, who were her friends. As 
a physician we but do her justice when we say that 
her ability was of a high order and her large and 
lucrative practice proves our assertion beyond any 
fear of contradiction. 
“At the meeting of the LaSalle Co. physicians in 
May appropriate resolutions of respect to the mem- 
ory of Dr. Sanders will be passed. ” 
Signed: J. C. Hathaway, M. D., 
R. F. Dyer, M. D., 
E. H. Butterfield, M. D., 
Edmund D, Weis, M. D., 
John S. Ryburn, M. D., 
J. R. Hoffman, M. D. 
Louise Sedgwick was born Sept. 8, 1863, at Bloom- 
ingdale, Ilk, and died June 5, 1891, at Wheaton, 111. 
In the public schools and .college of Wheaton Dr. 
Sedgwick’s education was obtained. At the age of 
twenty-two her inborn love of caring for the sick, 
inherited from an ancestry of physicians, culminated 
in her decision to study medicine. 
While at college she pursued her studies with zealous 
and honest application, completing her course with 
high credit. 
After receiving her degree in 1888, Dr, Sedgwick 
assumed the duties of interne in the Woman’s Hos- 
pital of Chicago for one year. 156 
Necrology. 
Returning to her home in Wheaton, where her 
father’s failing health needed her help, she began the 
practice of medicine. But for a few months only 
were they permitted to enjoy the happiness, so long 
anticipated, of working side by side. Her father died, 
and his loss was keenly felt. In her sorrow she illus- 
trated “how sublime a thing it is to suffer and be 
strong.” She became the support and comfort of her 
widowed mother. Her practice was good and was in- 
creasing, when illness overtook her. Her field of 
action extended from the city to the surrounding 
country and neighboring towns. She gave her strength, 
her sympathy and herself to her work. 
All through the Winter of 1890 and 1891, so full 
of serious illness, Dr. Sedgwick worked very hard, 
taking little rest, and succumbed the following May 
to typhoid fever, giving her life in its bloom to the 
sickle that reaps without regard to age or usefulness. 
Jane Walton, member of the class of 1874. She 
practiced successfully for a number of years in Chicago, 
her death being the result of incarcerated umbilical 
hernia. Dr, Walton was a woman of considerable 
business ability, making her practice financially suc- 
cessful, as well as professionally so. 
Delight Josephine Wolf was born in Pennfield, 
Mich., Oct. 10, 1844, and died at Howard, Mich., 
June 9, 1888. Dr. Wolf began the study of medi- 
cine in 1870 and entered the Medical College of Ann 
Arbor during the same Fall, remaining two years. 
Dr. Wolf spent considerable time in the Woman’s 
Hospital at Detroit, Mich., and later in a Cincinnati 
hospital. In the year 1874 she resumed the study 
of medicine, entering the Woman’s Medical College 
of Chicago, from which she graduated during the 
following year. In this city she began to practice, 
and was successful until obliged to relinquish work 
on account of failing health. 
She found her greatest happiness in ministering to 
others who were in trouble, but rarely spoke of her 
own trials. MEMORIAL PAGE* 
Emma L. K. Oliver was born at Lowestoft, Suf- 
folk, England. She received her education in the 
public schools of Ontario, Canada, in which she was 
also a teacher. Her earlier medical training was in 
the office of her father, Dr. W. H. Oliver. 
Matriculating at the Woman’s Medical College of 
Chicago in 1878, she was an Honor Graduate of 
1881, and during the 
years 1881 and ’B2 was 
interne in the Chicago 
Hosp. for W. and C. 
Here she performed her 
duties ably and faithfully, 
and was loved by patients 
and associates alike. 
Afterward Dr. Oliver 
received an appointment 
as interne in the New 
England Hospital for 
Women and Children, 
Boston, where she spent 
one year. Her preceptor, 
Dr. Mary Thompson, who 
overlooked her work for 
years, took an almost 
parental interest in her 
pupil, and Dr. M. E. 
Zakrzeski, of the New England Hospital, found time 
amid her onerous duties to bestow affectionate atten- 
tion upon the zealous worker who came, a stranger, 
under her professional direction. 
Soon after her return from Boston Dr. Oliver com- 
menced practice on the south side of the city, where she 
died, after an illness of six months, on March 15, 1896. 
She will be long remembered by those who had the 
benefit of her ministrations as a faithful and careful 
medical adviser and an affectionate, sympathetic 
friend. Her love for humanity proved her supreme 
love for her God, whose dearest appellation, Father, 
died upon her lips as her purified spirit passed from earth. 
by the father of the deceased, Dr. William H. Oliver. PERSONAL INDEX. 
Page 
Acres, Louise 11l 
Alexander, Caroline 114 
Allhands, Mary Frances 118 
Allison, Minnie L 112 
Angell, Katherine Louise 117 
Ariand-Anderson, Hariett 102, 128 
Auten-Pine, Alcinda.' 102, 128 
Babb, Addie Helen 116 
Baker, M. L. Jones 108 
Baldwin, Marcella G 102 
Ballard, Anna L .100, 127 
Barlow, Anna B (deceased) 109, 147 
Barlow-Diven, Adelia ,99 
Barnard, Esther E 11l 
Barnet, Flora F. Harbaugh 113 
Barry, Marie F 108 
Bates, Laura Cowgill 106 
Bates. Mary E 102 
Beardsley, Maud E..., 108 
Beaver, Ida Noyes.- .112 
Beere, Rose Kidd 114 
Bennett, Mary Ellen 98 
Berger, Emma R 114 
Berwig, Blise 112 
Bessesen, Florence L. Holland 116 
Bickford, Eva (deceased) 99, 148 
Bixby, Josephine 114, 141 
Blackman, Julia Cole (biography). 92, 93 
Blanchard, Prances Crothers. . 106 
Blanck, Elise 11l 
Bodelson, Helen B 100 
Boggs, Jessie 110 
Boomer, Kate McGregor 114, 142 
Boucher, Addie Aikens (deceased). 101, 148 
Bowen, Mary H 99 
Bowles, Minnie Kelly 116 
Bradford, Mary B 108, 143 
Braunwarth, Anna M 107, 130 
Breed, Lorena 114, 142 
Breu er, Carrie E (deceased). .. .106, 147 
Brock way, Yira 108 
Bromberg, Marena L 11l 
Brown, Anna L 115 
Brown-Girard, Augusta de Forest. 104, 129 
Brown, Sarah A 9£ 
Brumback, Sophia Wyborg 106 
Brunner, Mary L. Binford 106 
Buck ley-Paul, Mary 102 
Bull, Martha 117 
Bullard, Rose Talbot 107 
Burnet, Anne 106 
Burroughs-Sterret, Blanche 100 
Page 
Buschman, Susanne (deceased). .106, 148 
Bush, Bertha B no 
Bushnell, Kate C 100, 134, 136 
Bushnell, May T (deceased) 105, 148 
Buten, Mary Ryerson 102 
Byford, William Heath ’ 7 
(dedication), (biography) 54 
Caldwell, Delia ng 
Caldwell, Margaret 99, 126 
Calkins, Lottie E 99 
Camp, Ella 444 
Campbell, Augusta S. (deceased). .102, 148 
Cantrall, Prances 445 
Cargill, Nellie W 445 
Carr, Rachel Hickey '..108 
Carrithers, Jessie Lorena 447 
Cartwright, Marguerite Green...lll, 146 
Cassel, Elizabeth A 404 
Chandler, Ada Blesh 447 
Chestnut, Eleanor 445, 444 
Chidester, Elizabeth M 415 
Church, Anna F 403 
Clark, Jennie Brookins 408 
Cobb, Flora Isabel Lorman 110 
Coe. Viola M 444 
Colby, Margaret E 405 
Collins, Prances B 407 
Collins, Naomi Pierce 406 
Conry, Augusta S. (deceased)... .102, 148 
Coone, Bathena 116, 132 
Copp, Isabel R 102 
Conell, Anna G 102 
Cornell, Cora B 116 
Corr, Anna Brown 11l 
Corr, Lucinda 98, 126, 134 
Cote, Marie M 109 
Cotton, Gertrude Jacobs 110, 146 
Crandall, Alice E. Huff 108 
Graver, S. B 102, 129 
Crittenden, Helen M.... 116 
Cromwell, Anna McFarland 112, 131 
Crumb, Gertrude C 116 
Cullen, Emma Alta 114 
Cunningham, Martha 107 
Daggett, Laura F 103, 129 
Danforth, Grace (deceased). . . .107, 148 
Danforth, Isaac Newton (biography). 51 
Dart, Jennie M 115, 142 
Davenport, Almira 101 
Davenport, Isabel M ..112 
Davenport, Nora Soule 110 
Davis, Bffa V 112 
159 160 
Personal Index. 
Page 
Dawson, Louise 100 
Day, Frances O. (deceased) 105, 149 
Deahofe, Nora H 110 
Delano, Abble E. Beason 105 
Delhorbe, Sophia 107 
Demaree, Emma Warner 117 
Denig, Blanche 112 
Dewey, Mary E. Brown 106 
Dibble, Martha Cleveland 106 
Dickenson, Prances 104 
Dickerson, Louisa A 102 
Dinsmore, Virginia 110 
Dion, Delvina 107 
Dobbins-Richards, Annette S 103 
Dobson, Jennie M (deceased) 101 
Dodds, Jessie B. Brown 108 
Donahue, Julia Maud 114, 140 
Douglas, Alberta N. (deceased). .108, 149 
Dowiatt, Marja 118 
Downer, Mary Alice 118 
Droppers, H. M 115 
Droulllard. Louise C - Ill, 131 
Duncan, Adelaide C 117 
Dunn, Elizabeth H 116 
Dunn, Mabel 118 
Dwyer, Anna 118 
Dyas, Miranda B. Sherwood (de- 
ceased), (biography) 61 
Dyas, William Godfrey (deceased), 
(biography) 68 
Earle, Bessie 105 
Earle, Charles Warrington (deceased), 
(biography) 79 
Bbel, Lillian 119 
Eichelberger, Agnes 109, 130 
Elliot, Belle S. (deceased) 111. 149 
Emerson, Ida (deceased) 107 
Bngelmann, Rosa 110, 130 
Engert, Rosa ....98, 126 
Brnsberger, Izlllah 109, 142 
Brrant-Morey, Derexa Nettie. 107 
Bverly, Myra 115 
Ewing, Alice 116 
Ewing, Elizabeth Wilson (deceased). 
... 105, 149 
Fairbanks, Ellen M. (deceased). .102, 150 
Ferguson, Clara 116 
Ferguson, Llbbie Ill 
Field, Eva H 119, 132 
Finch, Sarah J 98 
Finny, Kate M 107 
Fitch, Ella ..105 
Fowler, Mary C 110, 142 
Freelove, Martha (deceased) 110, 150 
French, Violet M ....112 
Fugard, Dora F 110 
Fullam, Merinda 107 
Fyffe, Edith A. H 92 
(class histories) ...116 
Page 
Gage, Ellen C 107 
Galloway, Rhoda 108, 130 
Garrison, Harriett E 99. 126 
Gay nor, Lucy A 112, 138 
Gilchrist, Ella M. (deceased). 102, 137, 151 
Giilman-Roberts, Helen C 109 
Gilman, Mary E HO 
Gilson, Blnora F. L 116 
Glenton, Mary V 115, 146 
Gloss, Anna Dennis 107, 137 
Goetsch, Alice J 110 
Gray, Alice Ash H7 
Green, Jennie A m 
Green, Lida E ioo 
Groat, Frank A 104, 129 
Grote, Marie L no 
Grothen, Georgiana 115 
Grouard, Louisa M. (deceased). . .89, 152 
Gunn, Janet ...Ill, 131 
Gydeson, Mary C. B 105 
Haines, Blanche Moore 108 
Hale, Amy M 99 
Hancock-Wedgewood. Charlotte M... 98 
Handshaw, Anna M 115 
Handy, Ada M. Phelps 112 
Harbert, Helen Arentzen 113 
Harrison, Lu. O. Chase Ill 
Hawk, Charlotte G ill 
Hayner, Jennie B 101 
Heise, Ellen H 108, 130 
Heisz, Emily J 117 
Herb, Isabella Coler 114 
Hertig, Elmira 107 
Hishaikawa, Yasu Ill, 145 
Hogle-Mason, Kate 107 
Hoffma, Elizabeth P. 113 
Holland, Margaret E 98 
Hollister, Mary C 103 (Edu- 
cational Work), 135, (Necrology). 147 
Holton, Elizabeth S 104 
Honey, L. Mary 105 
Hostetter, Emma Royer 108 
Howard, Meta 108, 143 
Howe, Delia E 105 
Howe, Harriet 109 
Howes, Isabella Forbes 114 
Hunt, Florence 105 
Hyde-Foote, Laura M 104. 141 
Jackson, Josephine Agnes 119 
Jeffery, Alicia 113 
Jessup, Mary Allen 109 
Jessup-Smith, Louise F 103, 128 
Jonas, Metha Helfritz (deceased) 
Ill, 131, 152 
Jones, Emma O Ill 
Jones, Jennie 109 
Kearns, Frances 113 
Kearsley, Mary Jeanette 109 
Keith, Katharyn 116 Personal Index. 
rage 
Kelley-Peflfer, Julia 104 
Kellogg, Helen K 107, 108, 130 
Kelly, Jane D. .. 116 
Kent, Augusta P (deceased) 92, 153 
Kimble, Fanny G 113 
Knight, Mary C 103 
La Banme, Lydia Howell 106, 107 
Lacy, Harriot G 107 
Lane, Sophronia M 104 
Larsen, Anna 114, 140 
Latham, Vida Annette . 117, 132 
Latta, Lelia 109 
Leahy, Sarah J 117 
Leake, Frances E 109, 131 
Lee, Frances Horton 119 
Lemon, Annie M 110 
Leonard, Mary 116 
Lieberg-Marvin, Carrie E 103 
Lillie, Frances Crane 113, 114 
Lindsey, Alice Lois 118 
Lobdell. Ma ry J ICS 
Lund, Milla O. Svanoe 98 
Lyon, Ellen M 112, 138 
McClenahan, Eva 116 
McCrea, Maggie 113 
McCurdy, Frances 106 
McDermott, Elizabeth 116 
McGavin, Jessie ~119 
McGuire, Evileno M ~ 113 
Mcllvalne, Helen Kidd 118 
MacKenzie, Christine 119 
McKittorick, Elizabeth 101 
McLeod, Mary Elizabeth 114 
McMahon, Agues 101, 128 
McMillan, Isabel Taylor 11l 
McNeil, Mary 113, 131 
McNulty, Flora N 109 
Mace, Abbie 106 
Magill, Mary J. (deceased). .106, 130, 153 
Magruder, Alice Neill 119 
Mahoney, Virginia 103, 130 
Mansfield, Lois Fitch 99 
Marrs, Mary M 118 
Marsh, Julia N 99 
Martin, Louisa 108 
Mathews, Accia 115 
Matthews, Elizabeth 112 
Max-Hyacynth, Augusta 109 
Meader, Isabel 109 
Medbury, Stella 11. (deceased). .111, 153 
Meiklejohn, Julia .118 
Mergler, Marie J 
39 (History of School), 84 (History 
o£ Competitive Examinations), 109, 
120 (Hospital Report) 127,135 
Merrill, Julia D US 
Meyer, Lucy Ryder ...119 
Miller, Emma T 112, 143 
Miller, Katherine 103, 128 
Pago 
Miller, Linda (deceased) 92, 153 
Mills, Margaret R 115 
Mixer, Mary Augusta 106 
Moore, Mary Babcock 109 
Morrill, E. Frank 113 
Morse, Eliza Roxina 110 
Moss-McGowan, Julia N 101 
Neville, Lois 116 
Newbecker, M. Minerva 115 
Newell, Mary 112 
Nichol, Ad el la R 112 
Nichols-Jones, Stella B 103, 137 
Nisswonger, Cerilda 113 
Normington, Clara K 109 
Norred, Elizabeth D 102 
Nuckolls, Lillie J 114, 115 
O'Driscoll, Mary T. 113 
Oliver, Emma L. K. (deceased). .102, 157 
(Memorial page). 
Olsen, Marie A 113 
Osborne, Grace 119 
Osprey, Joan 112 
Owen, Jennie M. Clark .....11l 
Park, Lottie C 102 
Parsons, Emma Dawson 112 
Partridge, Ellen 98 
Patch, Mary Ellen 114 
Patrick, Frances L 113 
Patton, Julia M 101 
Paullin, L. Estelle 115 
Payne, Dorothea. A 117 
Pearce, Beatrice 109, 13) 
Pearcy, Lillian Allhauds 119 
Pechardt, Kate 1.7 
Perkins, Stella Akers 102, 137 
Phelps, Mary E 115 
Pittock, Salina E. Heady 11l 
Pitts, Marie L 16 
Platt, Amelia A 101 
Poor, Nellie Chamberlain 119 
IJorter-Oummiugs, Sarah.. . .105, 130, 116 
Powell, Lucy B. Ermine 106 
Price, Laura C 118 
Prindle-Smith, Frances 103 
Quine, Lettie Mason... 98, 136 
Randolph, Susan B. Strong 113 
Ranslow-Hunt, Amanda 99 
Rasmussen, Ingeborg 114 
Read, Flora Alice 117, 118 
Reed, Eleanor C 197 
Reed, Mary C HI 
Reynolds, Emma A 118 
Reynolds, Mary (deceased) 106, 153 
Rice, Alice Hartwell 105 
Rice, May Cushman 119 
Richter. Louisa May US 
Riddle, Addie ~...115 
Riddle, Julia 117 
Roberts, Anna E. Hoff 102 Personal Index. 
Pago 
Rockwell, 51ary L 101 
Root, Edith A 99 
Root, Eliza H 
17 (Alumnae Association), 103, 129, 
136 (slissionary Workers). 
Rud, Alice F. Piper 11l 
Ruggles, Georgia S 15 
Ruud, Helja 11l 
Runyon, Emma Chenault 110 
Russell-Bennett, 11. C 99 
Sage, Annie AVhite. 111, 112 
Saunders, Charity A (deceased). .105, 154 
Scheffer, Cunera R 117 
Schuyler, Anna Jackson 107 
Scott, Lucy Fletcher ....117 
Secord, Elizabeth 0 104 
Sedgwick, Louisa (deceased) 110, 155 
Seip, Ada May Woodward.... 109 
Sercombe, Harriet Frances 102 
Sessions, Kenosha S 115 
Severson, Salena 118 
Shaffer, Vesper 119 
Shank, Susan Prances 119 
Shelton, Elizabeth D 99 
Shibley, Mary C. 115 
Shipp, Farinda J... 103 
Siegle, Emma 119 
Slmmonds, Electa 51 102 
Simmons, slargaret E 113 
Skinner, Cynthia Agues 112, 131 
Skinner, Susan Lawrence 117 
Slater, Catherine B 100, 101 
Smith, Alice Maude 119 
Smith, Avis E 
15 (President’s Greeting) 105 
Smith, Caroline Holgate 118 
Smith, slartha J 113, 131 
Smith, Alary Jane 111, 143 
Smith, slary T 106 
Sogn, Valborg 118 
Sparr, Katherine 11. Holgate 118 
Sprague, Phcebe A 98 
Stallard-Daily, Eleanor 100 
Stand ley, Emma B 109, 130 
Stephens, Minnie H 115 
Stephens, Nannie A 100 
Sterling, Alarion Fairweatlier... .107, 141 
Stevenson, Ida 112, 133 
Stevenson, Sarah Hackett. .. .98, 126, 135 
Stillman, Jennie slcQueen ’....115 
Stinson, Alice 0 119 
Stockwell, Addie Gertrude Bunnel. .113 
Stringer, C. T. F 98 
Sullivan, Margaret E 113 
Summerfleld, Alice 105 
Sutherland, Ella L. Alinnock 110 
Swain, Rachel 104, 129 
Tarbox, Jennie 103 
rage 
Teague, Mary Englebert .118 
Test, Anabel Cleveland lIS 
Thomas, Jessie 10S 
Thomas, Mary Wright 114 
Thompson, Bertha V 413 
Timmerman, Ella V 115, 132 
Trosehell, Agnes.. 114 
Trout, Elizabeth H 105, 106 
Turley, Frances Clark 113 
Tuttle, Mary B 109,. 110, 12) 
Twitty Mills, Anna 104 
Tyler, Aklora. 107 
Underwood, Lilias Horton 109, 145 
Van Ata, Eleanor 109 
Van Hook, Anna C. Whaley 114 
Van Rolshausen, Ellen 100 
Van Velsor, Frances T US 
Wagstaff, M. P. T 99, 126 
Wallace, Jeanette Currie 118 
Walrath, Bell 51 104 
Walton, Jane (deceased) 93, 156 
Wanty, Emma Nichols ....101 
Warren, Emma 51 115 
Warren, Virginia Rutledge 118 
Washburn, Emma H 109 
Wass, Annls T 101 
Wass, Lizzie R IC4. 129 
Watts, Eugenia 11 
Wayman, Sarah F 112 
AVobster, Harriet B 113 
Westgate, Letitia 114, 131 
Wetzel-AValker, Lulu F 109 
Whetmore, Josephine 113 
White, Carrie Noble 108 
White, Emily H3 
White, Isabella Smith 15 
White, slarie L 114 
White, Percis 117 
AATId, slary Anne 119 
Wilkinson, Lucette 117 
AVillard, Rose 113 
Williams, Cora Belle 119 
AVilliams, Helen S 115 
AVillits, Emma Kellogg 119 
Wilson, Dora Green 108 
Wilson, Olive Charles 113 
Winegar, Martha A 117 
Wishon-Buchanan, Jennie 104 
Wolf, Delight J. (deceased) 93, 153 
Wolfe, Harriett HO 
Wood, Anna 11l 
Worcester, Olive B 102, 428 
Wright, Florence Della Taylor 107 
sVright, Rebekah 119 
Wykoff, Lydia ICB, 141 
Young, Josephine Estabrook 118, 119 
Zeller, Fredericka C 116, 117 
Smith, Avis E. OAKWOOD SPRINGS 
SANITARIUM 
Conducted Exclusively for Treatment of Diseases of the 
BRf\lN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 
Including the Severer Neuroses, Paralytic and Spasmodic Affections, the Opium Hahit, 
and mild cases of Mental Disease. Perfect classification; no annoyance from other 
patients; private parlors and dining-rooms; trained nurses and attendants. Rest, 
massage, electricity, baths and hydrotherapy. A splendid park overlooking the lake and 
city. A charming summer retreat—a perfect home of winter comfort. 
MEDICAL STAFF. 
OSCAR A. KING, M. D., President and Attending Neurologist. Professor Neurology, Psy- 
chiatry and Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago. 
DARWIN R. STOCKLEY, M. D., Superintendent and Resident Physician. 
HENRY P. NEWMAN, M. D., Attending Gynecologist. Professor Clinical Gynecology, 
College Physicians and Surgeons. Chicago. 
JOHN E. HARPER, M. D., Chicago, Attending Physician, Diseases of the Eye and Ear. 
WM. T. BELPIELD, M. D., Professor Surgery, Genito-Urinary Organs, Chicago Polyclinic. 
B. O. REYNOLDS, M. I).. Attending Physician, Lake Geneva. President of the Wisconsin 
State Medical Society. 
JAMES REYNOLDS, M. D., Attending Physician, Lake Geneva, Wis. 
Consulting Physician[)■;yKYy|LYMVNM[Chicago. 
For further information, address OSCAR A. KING, M. D., Prest., 70 State Street, Chicago, 
Or, DARWIN R. STOCKLEY, M. D., Supt., Lake Geneva, Wis. 
N. B.—This Sanitarium should not he confounded with the Lake Geneva Sanitorium, 
also located at Lake Geneva. Other than having some of the same physicians on its med- 
ical staff, it has no connection with Oakwood, and treats a different class of patients, ESTABLISHED 1857. 
INCORPORATED 1889. 
Fronting Lake Michigan 
PENNOYER SANITARIUM 
Beautifully situate upon spacious grounds—7s acres—in one of the 
most healthful sections of the country. A first-class hotel plus home 
comforts, experienced medical care, skilled nursing, baths, electricity, etc. 
Chiisinc distinctive and universally commended by its many patrons. Very 
accessible—only an hour's ride from Chicago via “The Northwestern." 
For illustrated prospectus, address 
NELSON A. PENNOYER, M. D., Manager, 
KENOSHA, WIS. 
Long Distance Telephone, 109. 
CHICAGO OFFICE, 70 State St. Tuesdays, 1:30104:00. 
NOTE.—The Sanitarium is specially commended to convalescents who 
desire quiet and luxury with complete hygienic appointments. Cor- 
respondence with physicians is solicited. ci>e i»arion-S)tns Sanitarium 
518 Adams Street, 
(Just East of Ashland Boulevard) 
CHICAGO. 
A HIGH-CLASS private Hospital for the 
reception of Gynecological cases and for 
Abdominal Surgery. Centrally located 
in one of the best residence districts of 
the city, this institution otters accommodations 
which are superior in every respect, and com- 
bine the comforts and luxuries of the home 
with the strict appointments of modern sani- 
tary science. 
The apartments are light and well ventilated, 
heated by an improved hot water system. Hard- 
wood floors throughout, furnishings elegant 
and appropriate. Graduate nurses of superior 
skill are in charge of the patients, and the diet 
is the best. 
The operating room is specially fitted with 
all modern appliances for Aseptic Surgery. 
Competent physicians are in attendance at all 
hours. 
Mouse DR' EFFA V' DA V,S‘ 
nouse nnysicians. ( DR Q w BARRETTm 
For further information, address 
Henry Parker Newman, a. m., m. d. 
Surgeon-in-Clvef. 
LAKE GENEVA SANATORIUM 
1 - ■ r:^1 |i J IMI * n*' ■■ I 
'*' ‘ >Vt. |H .•-gf f well ventilated, and have beautiful outlooks. 
The training and efficiency of our nurses 
: / and masseur#, as well as the equipment for 
/ baths and hydrotherapy, are not surpassed 
''*SPr~ - 
in any other institution. 
“ , , All physicians of the staff are in active attend- 
ance. The charges are moderate. 
Walter B. Metcalf, M. I)., Resident Physician in Charge. Henry P. Newman, M. D., 
Chicago, Operations in Gynecology. John 15. Murphy, M. 1)., Chicago, Operations in 
Surgery. J. H. Etheridge, M. D., Chicago, Operations in Gynecology. Oscar A. King, 
M. I)., Chicago, Attending Neurologist. Wm. L. Ballbngbr, M. If., Chicago, Attending 
Rhinologist and Laryngologist. Matthew Corbett, M. I)., Chicago, Attending Gynecolo- 
gist. Henry B. Favill, M. D., Chicago, Consulting Physician. Thos. A. Davis, M. D., 
Chicago, Operations in Surgery. John E. Harper, M. D., Chicago, Attending Oculist. 
X. S. Davis, Jr., M. D., Chicago, Consulting Physician. Henry T. Byford, M. D., 
Chicago, Operations in Gynecology'. F. H. Skinner, D. D. S., Attending Dentist. 
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A Guide to the Study of Gynecology 
—BY- 
MARIE J. MERGLER, M. D. 
Professor of Gynecology and Clinical Gynecology in the X. W. U. Woman's -Medical 
School of Chicago; Professor of Gynecology of the Post-Graduate 
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A SYLLABUS AND NOTE BOOK COMBINED 
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