*t+*\s

SYNOPSIS OF  ENTOZOA,
AND
SOME  OF  THEIR ECTO-CONGENERS,
OBSERVED BY THE AUTHOR.
BV
JOSEPft LEIDY, M.D.
[From the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Vol. viii.; February, 1856.J
      PHILADELPHIA:
Merrihew & Thompson, Printers,
     Merchant Street above Fourth.
           1856. 
42
[February,
)  8 5k
   A Synopsis of Entozoa and some of their EctO'Congeners observed by the Author.
                           By Joseph Leidy, M.D.

                           PROTHELMJNTHA.
   ;. Bodo ranarum Ehrenberg.
   Abundant in the intestines of different species of frogs and toads.
   2. Bodo HELicis Diesing.
   Cryptobia helicis Leidy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii, 101.
   Oryptoicus helicis Leidy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., i, 67.
   Bodo helicis Diesing. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., r, 284.
   3. Bodo colubrorum Hammerschmidt.
   In the cloaca of Tropidonotus sirtalis.
   4. Bodo julidis Leidy.
   Pr. A. N. S., v, 100;  Trans. Am.  Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x. 244,
   5. Bodo muscarum Leidy.
  Frequent in  the  intestine of the  house fly, Musca domestica,  in  immense
quantity.
  6. Bodo melolonth*: Leidy.   Body spherical; diameter .00449 to .0112 mm,
Tail simple, about the length of the diameter of the body.
  Found in the intestine of Melolontha quercina and  M. brunnea.
  7. Bursaria intestinalis Ehrenb.
  In the intestine of Rana pipiens.
  8. Leucophrys stryatis Dujardin.
  Leucophrys. Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., ii, 49,
  In the   liquids of the body of Enchytraeus. 
1856.]
43
  9.  Leucophrys clavata Leidy.
  Journ. A. N. S.,  2d ser., ii, 50; iii, 144.
  Found in the Lumbriculus limosus, and L. tenuis.
  10. Leucophrys cochleariformis Leidy.
  Journ. A. N.  S.,  2d ser., iii, 144.
  Found in the intestine of Lumbriculus tenuis.
  11. Leucophrys socialis  Leidy.  Cordate, ovate, oval, pyriform, or globular,
contractile,  active,  with one or  many internal vacuolae;  striated,  ciliated.
Length  .036 to .045 mm., breadth .03 mm.
  Found very frequently and abundantly within the stomach of the remarkable
bryozoon Urnatella gracilis.   (Pr. A. N. S., vii, 191.)
  12. Nyctotherus velox Leidy.
  Pr. A.  N.  S., v,  233; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d  ser., x, 244.
  From the large intestine  of Julus marginatus.
  13. Nyctotherus ovalis Leidy.
  Pr. A. N. S., v, 100; Trans. Am. Phil.  Soc, 2d ser., x, 244.
  From the intestine of the common cockroach, Blatta orientalis.
  14. Albertia? pellucidus Leidy.
  Anelcodiscuspellucidus Leidy, Pr.  A. N. S., v, 287.

                            MYZELMINTHA.
  15. ? Monostomum incommodum Leidy.  Body compressed, above convex, below
concave, sides parallel, anteriorly convex, posteriorly  angularly convex.  Head
continuous with the body, obliquely truncated.   Mouth round, surrounded with
a wide circular lip which is emarginate below.  Male generative aperture ? com-
municating with a hemispherical cavity (acetabulum ?) one fourth the length of
the body from the head.  Length 9 lines, breadth 1£ lines.
  Five specimens were obtained from the fauces of the Alligator mississipiensis,
in Florida, by Prof. J. W.  Bailey, of West Point.  Is  it probably a  species of
Distomum, with the ventral acetabulum emersed within the body ?
  16. Monostomum ornatum Leidy.  Body slightly compressed ovoidal, anteriorly
broad;  yellow variegated with brownish red.  Mouth infero-terminal, acetabuli-
form, transversely oval.  Penis conical, protruding a  short distance  below the
mouth.  Female aperture a short distance below the penis. Length 1 to 1J lines,
breadth J to § of a line,  thickness \ to J a line.
  A dozen specimens were  obtained from the abdominal cavity of Ranapipiens.
  17. Monostomum renicapite Leidy. Body depressed, lateral margins parallel, an-
teriorly and posteriorly rounded, above convex, below concave.  Head formed
by a transverse, reniform callosity,  Mouth  transversely crescentic, surrounded
with a double lip.  Penis a small conical tubercle.  Length from J an inch to 1
inch, breadth 13 lines.
  Numerous specimens were obtained by Prof.  Agassiz from the intestine of
Sphargus coriacea.
  18. ? Monostomum molle Leidy. Body depressed, elongated elliptical, posteriorly
convex.   Head ?  mouth ?  Length 9 lines, breadth 2 lines.
  I have found two specimens, of what I suspect to be a species of Monostomum
in the lungs of two individuals of Sternotherus odoratus  The species is so soft
that in the removal of the  specimens I mutilated both, and  since  then I have
been unable to find others.
  19. Distomum lanceolatum Mehlis.
  Reported to exist in  the sheep,  Capra aries; the ox, Bos taurus; and the hog,
Sus scrofa.   Stated to be frequent in the sheep, in several of the Western States.

  20. Distomum hepaticum.
  In the hepatic ducts of the Cervus virginianus.  Though I have never  seen 
44
[February,
 specimens from the source given, yet I think there is little doubt of its existence,
 from the circumstance that sportsmen and hunters have frequently informed me,
 they had seen leeches  in the liver of the  deer, which they supposed the animal
 had swallowed in drinking.  Also reported to exist in the ox, Bos taurus, and in
 the horse, Equus caballus.
   21. Distomum variabile  Leidy.  Var. a.  Body white, variegated with black in
 the course of the oviduct, clavate, posteriorly  obtuse, minutely echinated. Neck
 long, narrow, cylindrical, echinated.  Oral and ventral acetabula  nearly equal;
 the latter one prominent, situated at the  base of the neck.   Length to 6 lines ;
 breadth of body £ a line.
   Var.  b.   Body flattened ovate, continuous with the head, anteriorly narrowed,
 posteriorly obtuse, color and echination as  in the  preceding variety.  Length
 1\ lines, breadth 2 lines.
   Varietya is  found attached to the sides  of the cavity of the  lungs  of Tro-
 pidonolus sipedon, singly or in groups up to six, with the head and neck buried
 in tumors,  as in the case of the attachment of Echinorhynchi.  Variety b  is found
 detached in the mucus of the lungs  and trachea.  Common;—obtained in De-
 cember, when the water snakes were hybernating.
   22. Distomum horridum Leidy.
   Distoma horridum Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d  ser., i, 303.
   From the excretory duct of the kidneys of the Boa constrictor.
   23. Distomum variegatum Rud.
   Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207.
   From the lungs of Rana pipiens.
   24. Distomum retusum Dug.
   Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207.
   From the intestine of Rana halecina.
   25. Distomum cygnoides Zeder.
   Leidy, Pr.  A. N. S.,  v, 207.
   From the urinary bladder of Rana pipiens, R. palustris, R. halecina; Salaman-
dra maculata, S. rubra, S. salmonea.
   26. Distomum longum Leidy.
   Pr. A. N. S., v, 206.
   From the mouth of Esox estor.
   27. Distomum terreticolle Rud.
   Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 206.
  From the stomach  of Esox reticulatus.

   28. Distomum incivile Leidy.  Body flat, elongated elliptical; echinated be-
tween the oral and ventral acetabula, which are equal, and the latter one is
hemispherical and sessile.  Length 1\ to 3 lines, breadth 3-5ths to 4-5ths of a
line.
   Obtained from the intestine of Leiostomus obliquus.
   29. Distomum clavatum ? Rud.   Body  pyriform, transversely annulated, pli-
cated.   Neck curved conical, 3 lines long.  Ventral acetabulum  oblique, pro-
minent,  at the base of the neck, 3 lines in diameter, with a circular aperture much
larger than the mouth.  Length  1 inch, breadth 4 lines.
   One specimen in the  collection of the Academy.   Locality unknown.
   30. Distomum vagans Leidy.               >
   Distoma helicis Leidy,  Pr. A. N. S., iii, 220.
  Distomum pericardium Creplin, Arch. f. Naturg. xv, 78.
   Distoma vagans Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., i, 304.
   Cercariaeum helicis alternatce Diesing, Rev. d. Cere. 24.
   Cercariaeum vagans Diesing, Rev. d. Cere. 24.
  Found in Helix allernata and in H. albolabris. 
1856.]
45
                          CLINOSTOMUM Leidy.

   Head shorter than, and separated from the body by a lateral constriction op-
 posite the ventral  acetabulum,  compressed semi-oval.  Body compressed oval.
 Mouth anterior.   Ventral acetabulum, large, hemispherical, immersed within the
 commencement of the body, and having a truncated conical aperture with the
 apex posterior.  A terminal pore to the body.

   31. Clinostomum gracile Leidy.   Head semi-ovoid, anteriorly obliquely trun-
 cated.  Mouth transversely oval, with a prominent margin and a second border,
 which is slightly  emarginate below.  Body compressed oblong, oval,  convex
 above, concave below, obtuse posteriorly, acetabulum larger, immersed between
 the head and body.  Length to 3 lines, breadth to 1 line.
   Found in the intestine of Esox           , and within cysts in the gills, fins,
 and muscles of Pomotis  vulgaris.
   32. Clinostomum dubium Leidy.   Head compressed oval, convex anteriorly;
 mouth minute, not bordered.   Body compressed oblong oval.  Ventral acetabu-
 lum  immersed between the body  and head.  Length 2$ lines, breadth § of a
 line.
   From the intestine of Rusticola minor.
   33. Holostomum cornu Nitzsch.
   Found in the small intestine of Ardea herodias.
   34. Holostomum nitidum Leidy.   Body divided by a constriction at the an-
 terior third, every where  echinated.  Head ovoidal; mouth terminal, round,
 opening into a cup-shaped pharynx.  Body compressed oblong oval, variegated
 white with yellow.  Length to 1J lines, breadth 2-5ths of a line.
   Two specimens  were obtained from the small intestine of Rana pipiens.
   35. Diplodiscus subclavatus Diesing.
   Found in the intestine of Rana pipiens.
   36. Diplostomum cuticola Diesing.  Head elongated elliptical, excavated in-
 feriorly, obtusely angular, much longer than the body.  Mouth small, round,
 pharynx oval, gizzard oval.   Generative  apertures hemispherical, situated just
 posterior to the  middle.  Body ovoid, with a terminal excretory pore.   Length
 from l-5th to J of a line.  Contained in oval sacs about £ a line in length.
   Found in great number in the liver  of Pomotis vulgaris.

   37. Aspidogaster  conchicola Baer.
   Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 224.
   38. Malacobdella grossa Blain.
   Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 209.

                          CEPHALOCOTYLEA.
   39. Cysticercus fasciolaris Rud.
   Common in the liver of the rat, Mus decumanus.
   40. Cysticercus cellulose Rud.
   Occasionally" in the muscles of the hog, Sus scrofa.
   41. Cysticercus tenuicollis Rud.
   Occasionally in the liver of the hog, Sus scrofa, and in the  mesentery of the
sheep, Capra aries.
  42. Cysticercus elongatus Leuck.
  In cysts, in the peritoneum of the european domestic rabbit, Lepus cuniculus.
  43. Echinococcus granulosus Rud.
  Echinococcus polymorphus Diesing.
  From a cyst, of about three inches  in diameter, between  the muscles on the
right  side of the abdomen, in  an  English sailor boy; and also in  two large 
46
[February,
cysts in the liver of a Frenchman.  I have never met with this parasite in the
Anglo-American.  In three large cysts in the liver of a large species of monkey
(species unknown);  the specimen being preserved in the collection of the  Uni-
versity.

  44. Coenurus cerebralis Rud.
  In the sheep, Copra aries.
  45. T^nia solium Lin.
  Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., ix, 443.

  46. Taenia laticephala Leidy.
  Ibidem.

  47. T^inia serrata Goeze.
  Ibidem.
  48. Taenia cucumerina Bloch.
  Ibidem.

  49. Taenia elliptica Batsch.
  Ibidem.

  50. Taenia crassicollis Rud.
  Ibidem.

  51. Taenia pusilla Goeze.
  Ibidem.
  52. T^inia pectinata Goeze.
  Ibidem.

  53. Taenia bacillaris ? Goeze.
  Ibidem.

  54. Taenia pestifera Leidy.
  Ibidem.
  55. Taenia Strigis acadic^e.
  Ibidem, 444.
  56. Taenia variabilis ? Rud.
  Ibidem.
  57. Taenia dispar Goeze.
  Toznia pulchella Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 241.
  Toznia dispar Goeze. Leidy, Pr. A*. N. S., ix, 444.
  58. Taenia lactea Leidy.
  Pr. A. N. S., ix, 444.

  59. T^nia gibbosa Leidy.
  Ibidem.
  60. Dibothrium punctatum Rud.
  Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., ix, 444.
  61. Sparganum reptans Diesing.
  Ligula reptans Diesing, Syst. Helm, i, 581.
  Ligula tritonis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 96.
  Sparganum affine Diesing, Verth. d. Cephalocot. 20.

  62. Dibothriorhynchus abditus Leidy.  Head continuous with the neck, apex
convex  and emarginate.   Bothria  2, lateral continuous above, oval, with the
lateral margins involute.   Proboscides filiform, projecting \\ lines from the head.
Neck tania-form, widening posteriorly.   Body constricted from  the neck,  nar-
rower and longer, taenia-form, narrowing posteriorly and ending in  an obtusely
angular extremity.  Length of head and neck 6 lines, breadth posteriorly 1 line •
length of body 7 lines, breadth 3-5ths of a line. 
1856.]
47
  Four specimens were  found in a large cream-colored liver, which  had been
left upon a  stall in our fish market.  I could not ascertain the  species of fish
from which  it had been obtained, but I suspect it to be the halibut, Hippoglossus
vulgaris.  Each worm was closely coiled up at the bottom of a long clavate sac,
which was composed of three distinct membranes.   The first membrane adhered
to the structure of the liver in which it was imbedded^ beneath the peritoneum.
The second  membrane was transparent, crisp, and shining.   The third one was
milk-white, soft, and contractile; and it presented a  delicate,  tortuous, white
opaque line extending the length on each side.  After opening the third mem-
brane, beneath water, the worm gradually crept out of its own accord.

   63. Pentastomum subcylindricum Diesing.
   Pentastomum Didelphidis virginiance Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 96.
   In cysts of the liver of the opossum, Didelphis virginiana.

   64. Pentastomum euryzonum Diesing.
   In the liver of  Cynocephalus porcarius.

   65. Pentastomum proboscideum Rud.
   In the lungs  of the Boa constrictor.

   66. Pentastomum gracile  Diesing.  Body  sub-clavate, incurved, most nar-
rowed anteriorly, annular, not plicated, with  the margins of the annuli micros-
copically denticulated.  Head obtuse, bothria subterminal, elevated, each with
two hooks, of which  the upper one is the smaller.   Mouth  elevated, conical, in
the focus of the  semicircle formed by the bothria.  Length from 3 to 4 lines,
breadth J of a  line.
   Eleven specimens were obtained by Jos. Jones from the stomach of the Al-
ligator mississipiensis.

                             RHYNGODEA.

   67. Gregarina Juli marginati.
   Gregarina larvata Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 232.
   Gregarina Juli marginati. Leidy, Trans. Am.  Phil. Soc, 2d   , x, 237.
   68. Gregarina Juli pusili.
   Leidy, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 238.
   69. Gregarina Polydesmi virginiensis.
   Ibidem.
   70. Gregarina Passali cornuti.
   Ibidem.
   71. Gregarina Achet^e abbreviate.
   Ibidem.
   72. Gregarina Locusts caroling.
   Ibidem, 239.
   73. Gregarina blattarum Siebold.
   Gregarina Blattce orientalis. Leidy, Trans. Am.  Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 239.
   74. Gregarina Scarabei relicti.
   Gregarina. Leidy,  Pr. A. N. S., v, 208.
   Gregarina Scarabei relicti.  Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 287.
   75. Gregarina  Melalonthe  brunnee.   Body  oblong  oval ;  head oblate
spheroidal, slightly elevated at  the  summit.  Single and in pairs.  Length  of
body .405 mm, breadth .252  mm; length of head .108 mm,  breadth .144 mm.
  Found in the intestine of Melalontha brunnea.
   76. Gregarina Nereidis denticulate.
  Leidy,  Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., iii, 144. 
48
[February.
  77. Echinorhynchus ovatus Leidy.
  Pr. A. N. S., v, 97, (1850.)
  Echynorhynchus  campanulatus Diesing,  Syst.  Helm, ii,  21, (1851.)
  From the small intestine of Felis leopardus.
  78. Echinorhynchus gigas Goeze.
  Small intestine of the hog, Sus scrofa.
  79. Echinorhynchus microcephalus  Rud.
  Echinorhynchus tortuosus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 97.
  Found in the  mesentery of Didelphis virginiana.
  80. Echinorhynchus  striatus  Goeze.   Body   cylindro-clavate,  anteriorly
minutely echinated.  Proboscis obovate, with 12 to 15 circles of hooks.   Neck
short,  conical,  unarmed.   Length  to  10  lines;  breadth anteriorly  l£  lines.
Color, orange.
  Several  specimens were obtained by  Jos. Jones from the intestine of Tantalus
loculator.
  81. Echinorhynchus manifestus Leidy.
  Echinorhynchus Pici collaris. Leidy,  Pr. A. N. S., v, 98.  Body  slightly com-
pressed cylindroid, most dilated  anteriorly,  obtuse posteriorly, transversely
corrugated.   Proboscis  subpyriform, with the rounded apex armed with 3 or 4
rows of hooks.   Neck a simple linear constriction.  Length  8 lines to an inch.
  Several  specimens were found in the intestine of Picus collaris.
  82. Echinorhynchus hamulatus Leidy.
  Echinorhynchus emydis. Leidy, Pr. A. N.  S., v, 207.  Body long, white, sub-cla-
vate, curved.  Proboscis sub-globular, with a single row of  strong hooks and a
few rudimental hooklets.  Length 2 to 14 lines, breadth to J of a line.
  Frequent in the  intestine of Emys geographica, E. insculpta, E. guttata, and E.
serrala. From several individuals of the  latter species, Mr. Joseph Jones  ob-
tained more than a hundred specimens.
  83. Echinorhynchus acus Rud.
  Intestine of Morrhua americana.
  84. Echinorhynchus proteus Westrumb.
  Pr. A. N. S., v, 208.
  Intestine of Labrax lineatus.
  85. Echinorhynchus globulosus ? Rud.
  Echinorhynchus lateralis  Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207.   Body  sub-fusiform, most
narrowed  posteriorly. Proboscis cylindrical, projecting laterally, furnished with
12 to 14 rows of hooks.   Neck very short.  Length to 1 inch, breadth  to two-
fifths of a line.
  Intestine of Salmo fontinalis ; obtained by Prof. Baird and Prof. Agassiz.
  86. Echinorhynchus angustatus? Rud.
  Echinorhynchus socialis Leidy, Pr. A. N.  S., v, 156.   Body  cylindroid, narrow-
ing posteriorly,  frequently dilated anteriorly.  Proboscis cylindrical, with 26
rows of hooks.  Neck very short, conical, unarmed.   Length from 6 lines to 1\
inches, breadth to § of a line.
  Frequent in the intestine of Platessa plana.

                             NEMATOIDEA.
  87. Trichina  spiralis Owen.
  Occasional in the Anglo-american.
  88. Trichina  affinis Diesing.
  Trichina spiralis  Owen.  Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iii, 108.
  Observed in the muscles of ihe hog, Sus scrofa.
  89. Anguillula  aceti  Ehrenberg. 
1856.]
49
  Common in ordinary cider vinegar.

  90.  Anguillula  glutinis Ehrenberg.
  Common in paste of wheat, rye, tragacanth, &c
  91.  Anguillula  socialis Leidy.
  Oxyuris socialis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 102.
  Found in the intestine of the black cricket, Acheta abbreviata.

  92.  Anguillula  longa Leidy.
  Pr.  A. N. S., v, 225.
  Found in ditches near Philadelphia.
  93.  Anguillula  fossularis Leidy.
  Pr.  A. N. S., v, 226.
  Found in stagnant ponds near Philadelphia.

  94.  Amblyura serpentulus ? Hemp, et Ehrenb.
  Anguillula longicauda Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 225.   Mouth with  cirri  (error in
the previous observation and description). Tail long, subulate ;  suctorial disk ex-
ceedingly minute, clavate.  Length to one-fortieth of an inch.
  Common about gutters and water spouts in Philadelphia.

  95.  Hystrignathus rigidus Leidy.
  Pr.  A. N. S., v,  102; Flora and Fauna within Liv. An. 44.

                           PONTONEMA Leidy.
  Body  capillary, narrowing towards  the extremities.  Head continuous with
the body, truncated, or  obtuse and surmounted with angular papillae, cirrated.
Eyes none. Tail obtuse. Generative aperture ventral, near the middle of the body.
(Esophagus long,  cylindro-clavate; gizzard none, intestine straight, capacious ;
anus ventral and posterior.

  96. Pontonema  vacillatum Leidy.
  Jour. A. N. S., 2d ser. iii, 144.  Body cylindroid, anteriorly with longitudinal
rows  of short cirri in addition to those of  the head ;  posteriorly incurved ; tail
short, thick, conical, obtuse.   Length to 9 lines, breadth to one-fifth of a line.
  Found on the sea shore of Rhode Island, beneath stones, between tides.

  97. Pontonema  marinum Leidy.
  Jour. A. N. S., 2d ser., iii, 144. Body cylindroid; head convex; mouth surrounded
with angular papillae.   Cirri 4, at the side  of the head.   Tail long, narrow, coni-
cal, obtuse.  Length to 3  lines.
  Found at the bottom  of a sound  on the coast of New Jersey.

                           POTAMONEMA Leidy.

  Body filiform, narrowing towards  the  extremities.   Head continuous with
the body, slightly dilated,  obtuse.  Mouth large, infundibuliform, unarmed; oeso-
phagus  narrow, flexuous,  membranous, gradually  expanding  into a capacious,
straight, cylindrical intestine ; anus none ? or exceedingly indistinct.  Caudal ex-
tremity obtuse.  Generative aperture of the female near the middle of the body.
  98.  Potamonema nitidum Leidy.  Body  cylindroid, most narrowed anteriorly.
Head  without appendages.  Caudal extremity broad, obtusely conical.   Length
5 lines, breadth one-fifth of a line.
  An  active, wriggling,  glistening white worm, found  among  beds of Valisneria
americana, growing in the  river Schuylkill, near Philadelphia.

                               NEMA Leidy.

  Body ascaridiform. Head without  appendages.  Mouth  unarmed, large, in-
fundibuliform, oesophagus tubular, membranous, expanding into a simple straight
intestine ;  anus ventral.  Tail  conical, acute, recurved.  Generative  aperture
near the middle of the body. 
50
[February,
   99. Nema vacilans  Leidy.  Body white, glistening.  Length  l£ millemetres,
 breadth .050 mm.  Tail .115 mm. long.
   An active wriggling worm, found about some dead specimens of a black Phry-
 ganea, which was infested with a fungus parasite, and attached to stones at the
 water's edge of a small brook near Philadelphia.
   100. Streptostomum agile Leidy.
   Pr. A. N. S., iv, 230 ; v, 285 ; Flora and Fauna within Liv. An. 45.
   Aorurus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv,  230 ; v, 284.
   101. Streptostomum gracile  Leidy.
   Pr. A. N. S., iv, 100 ; v, 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 46.
   In parte Oxyuris Diesingii Hammerschmidt,  Isis, 354, (1848).
   In parte Oxyuris Blattoz orientalis Hammerschmidt, Naturw. Ab. v. Haid., i., 284.
   In parte Anguillula macrura Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 134.
   102. Thelastomum attenuatum Leidy.
   Pr. A. N. S., iv., 231 ; v,  285 ; Flora and Fauna, within Liv. An. 46.
   Aorurus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 230; v, 284.
   103. Thelastomum appendiculatum Leidy.
   Pr. A. X. S., v, 101; ib. 285; Flora and Fauna, 47.
   In parte Oxyuris Blattce orientalis Hammerschmidt, Naturw. Ab. v. Haid., i., 284.
   In parte Anguillula macrura Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 134.
   104. Thelastomum labiatum Leidy.
   Pr. A. N. S., v, 101; ib. 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 47.
   105. Thelastomum robustum Leidy.
   Pr. A. N. S., v, 101 ; ib. 285; Flora and Fauna, 48.
   Thelastomum brevicaudatum? Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 208 ; ibidem.
   106. Thelastomum venustum Leidy.  Body of female fusiform, straight, with
the tail long, narrow, conical, straight, acute.   Body of male incurved, with the
tail short, depressed, ending in a recurved subulate point, and  having a pair of
oblong  lobes  or  alae,  extending the length  ventrally.   Generative and anal
apertures terminating together abruptly.  Penis a curved, conical, acute spicu-
lum.  Length of female to 2£ lines, breadth to one-fifth of a line;  length of male
to 1 line, breadth £ of a line.
  Found in great number within the large intestine of Testudo polyphemus.  Ob-
tained by Mr. Joseph Jones in Georgia.  It is  a singular fact, that this species is
infested with vegetable parasites, as in the case of those found in myriapods and
insects.

  107. Ascaris vermicularis Lin.
  This species is the most common of all the parasitic worms, in the anglo-ameri-
can.

  108. Ascaris lumbricoides  Lin.
  This species is the second of the  most common of parasitic worms in the anglo-
american.
  In the University museum, there is a preparation of the liver of a boy in which
a number of individuals of this worm have  forced themselves into the'divisiona
of the hepatic duct.
  Frequent also in the  small intestines of the  hog, Sus scrofa.
  109. Ascaris leptoptera Rud.
  Ascaris Felis discoloris Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v,  155.
  Found in the small intestine of the panther, Felis concolor.
  110. Ascaris mystax  Rud.
  Common in the domestic cat, Felis catus.
  111. Ascaris margixata Rud.
  Frequent in the dog,  Canis familiarit. 
1856.]
51
  112. Ascaris columnaris Leidy.
  Ascaris alienata Rud.  Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 205.  Body very uniformly cylin-
drical until within a short distance of the extremities.  Head naked; lips promi-
nent.  Tail short, conical, obtuse, in the male incurved.   Length of female 4
inches, breadth l\ lines ; length of male 2 inches, breadth £ a line.
  Two specimens, male and female, were found in the intestine  of Mephitis chinga.
  113. Ascaris l^evis Leidy.  Body cylindrical, narrowing at the extremities.
Head naked;  lips prominent.   Tail cohical, mucronate.   Length of  female 3£
inches, breadth 1£ lines.   Male not seen.
  A single specimen was  obtained by Mr. Packard, from the intestine of Arcto-
mys monax.

  114. Ascaris tentaculata Rud.
  Found in the intestine of Didelphis virginiana.
  115. Ascaris vesicularis Frolich.
  Common in the ccecum  of the  turkey  Meleagris  gallopavo, and  of  the  fowl,
Phasianus gallus.
  116. Ascaris inflexa Rud.
  Common in the small intestine of the fowl, Phasianus gallus.
  117. Ascaris serpentulus Rud.
  One female, 1£ inches long, was obtained by Mr. Schaf hirt from the intestine
of Ardea violacea.
  118. Ascaris longa Leidy.  Body most narrowed anteriorly, and only slightly
so at the posterior fourth.  Head naked, subacute; lips slightly prominent.
Tail  obtusely rounded, with the anus  forming  a transverse,  subcrescentic
fissure nearly at its  extremity.   Length of the female 9 inches, breadth  1^
lines.  Male not seen.
  A single specimen was  obtained by Mr. Joseph Jones, from the intestine of
Tantalus loculator, in Georgia.
  119. Ascaris tenuicollis Rud.
  Frequent in the stomach and intestine of the Alligator mississipiensis.
  120. Ascaris anoura Dujardin.
  Eight specimens were obtained from the intestine of Coluber constrictor.  The
females measure  up to 6 inches in length by  1 line in breadth ; the males 3£
inches in length by f of a line  in breadth.   Six specimens, apparently of this
species were sent to  me by Prof. Agassiz.  They were  obtained with  nearly a
pint of others, from the intestine of the Boa constrictor.  I do not feel positive
that they are really of the same species,  as  the specimens  are too badly pre-
served to ascertain the  fact  correctly ;  but the size and details of form agree
pretty closely.
  121. Ascaris nuda Leidy.  Body  most  narrowed anteriorly.  Head naked,
with the epidermis closely adherent; lips large, oblong.   Tail short,  incurved,
conical, minutely mucronate.  Length of female 2 to 2J inches, breadth J to £
a line.  Male not seen.
  Two females were obtained from the intestine of Crotalus adamanteus, by Mr.
Schaf hirt.  Is this probably the same as the last species ?
  122. Ascaris humilis Leidy.   Body cylindroid, recurved, white.  Head ob-
tuse, naked ; mouth trilobed ? pharyngeal apparatus none ; oesophagus pestle-
form.  Tail substraight, conical, acute.  Length 2 lines, breadth one-tenth of a

  Eight specimens were obtained from the lungs of Tropidonotus sirtalis, in De-
cember.
  123. Ascaris entomelas Leidy.
  Proc A. N. S., v, 206.
  From the lungs of Rana halecina. 
52
[February,
  124. Ascaris acuta  Miiller.
  A single male, 14 lines long and J of a line broad, was obtained from the in
testine of Platessa plana.
  125. Ascaris neglecta Leidy.   Body cylindro-fusiform,  most narrowed an-
teriorly.   Head naked;  lips large, obtuse.  Tail short, conical, acute.  Length
of female 2 inches, breadth three-fifths of a line ; male about half the size.
  Twelve specimens were obtained by Prof. Baird,  from the intestine of Diodon
maculo-striatus.
  126. Ascaris clavata Rud. Head with a linear ridge on each side.  Tail short,
conical, incurved, mucronate; in the female with  a linear  ridge extending for-
ward on each side.  Length of female to 3J- inches, breadth £ of a line  ; length
of male to 2 inches, breadth to J a line.
  Numerous  specimens were vobtained  by Prof. Agassiz from  the  intestine of
Morrhua pruinosa, and  I have obtained others from the intestine  of  Morrhua
americana.
  127. Ascaris cylindrica Leidy.
  Angiostomum ? cylindricum  Diesing, Syst. Helm,  ii,  559.
  Ascaris cylindrica Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 229.   Body cylindroid, equally at-
tenuated towards  the  extremities, curved.  Mouth  distinctly trilabiate.   Tail
narrow, conical, curved,  acute.  Female generative  aperture just  posterior to
the middle.   Length four-fifths of a line, breadth one-twelfth of a line.
  Found in  the  intestine of Helix alternata.   No cartilaginous pharynx as in
Angiostomum!
  128. Ascaris infecta  Leidy.
  Pr. A.  N. S., iv, 229 ;  Faun, and Flora within Liv. An. 42.
  Found  in the ventriculus of Julus marginatus.
  129. Synplecta  pendula Leidy.
  Pr. A.  X. S., v, 240.
  From the stomach of Emys guttata.
  130. Oxyuris  compar Leidy.  Body fusiform ; head continuous with the body,
subacute, with a dilatation of the epidermis ; mouth small.  Tail of female long,
subulate, spirally contorted ;  the generative aperture one-fifth the length of the
body from the head.  Length of female 4 to 7 lines, breadth J of a line ; length
of tail from the anus 1J lines.
  Seventeen specimens were found in company with others  of Tosnia crassicollis
in the small intestine of the cat, Felis catus. (Esophagus long, pestle-form;
gizzard globulo-pyriform ; intestine dilated at the commencement, afterwards
cylindrical.   Males were not  seen.

  131. Oxyuris curvula Rud.
  Intestine of the horse, Equus caballus.

  132. ? Oxyuris dubia Leidy. Body fusiform, curved. Head continuous with the
body, naked.  Mouth unarmed.  Female generative aperture  about the middle
of the body.  Tail abruptly narrowed, acutely conical. Length of female \\
lines,  breadth \ of  a line.  Male not seen.
  Found in the coecum of Bufo americanus, and of Salamandra rubra.

                           SPIRONOURA Leidy.
  Body cylindroid, attenuated at the extremities.   Head continuous  with the
body.  Mouth round, surrounded by a circular papillated lip.  Caudal extremity
of male spiral, acute, tuberculate, with the two spicula of the penis curved, ensi-
form,  costate; of the female conical, acute, with the generative aperture at the
posterior third of the body.

  133. Spironoura  gracile Leidy. Body of female incurved; that of male spiral
posteriorly.   Head naked ; mouth with a circular lip of 6 papillae. Tail of female
long, calcarate, acute ; of male, with two rows  each of three tubercles.  Spicula 
1856.]
53
of penis curved ensiform, costate, emarginate at the extremity. Length of female
8 lines, breadth J of a line ; length  of male to 4 lines, breadth to £ of a line.
   Found in the stomach of Emys serrata.  (Esophagus long, pestle-form, gizzard
globular, commencement of the intestine cordiform, rectum short, wide, pvriform
Ovaries double.

   134. Spironoura affine Leidy. Body of female curved ;  that of male posterior-
ly spiral.   Head naked ; mouth with a circular lip of 6 ? papilla?.   Tail of female
nearly straight, moderately long, conical, acute; of the male, conical, incurved,
with a pair of tubercles on each side  near the end.   Spicula of penis  curved,
ensiform, costate, acute. , Length of female 4£ lines, breadth one-fifth of a line ;
length of male 3  lines, breadth £ of a line.
   Found in the ccecum of Cistudo Carolina.
   135. Physaloptera turgida Rud.
   Spiroptera Didelphidis  virginiana.  Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 155.
   Common in the stomach of Didelphis virginiana.   Found by Dr. Goddard. Mr.
Schaf hirt, and myself; and also by Mr. Jos. Jones, in Georgia.
   136.  Physaloptera limbata Leidy.
   Spiroptera Scalopis canadensis. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 156. The mouth bilabiate
and surrounded by an elevated linear margin.  Alae of male, each with 4 diverg-
ing costaa.  The length 6 lines, breadth \ of a line.
   137.  Physaloptera mucronata Diesing.
   Numerous specimens were obtained by Mr. Joseph Jones, from the stomach of
the Alligator mississipiensis, in Georgia.

   138. Physaloptera constricta Leidy.  Body white, with the brown intestine
shining through, cylindrical to within a short distance of the extremities, in-
curved ; anterior extremity with one or two constrictions,  and abruptly inflexed.
Lips large, lateral, constricted from the bady, each trilobate.  Tail of female in-
curved, abruptly conical and acute ; of the male  alated, with the  alae narrow,
long, and turgid.  Length of female If inches, breadth two-fifths of a line ; male
half the size.
   Found frequently in the stomach of Tropidonotus sipedon, with the anterior ex-
tremity of the body hooked through the mucous membrane, and very tightly ad-
hering by means of the one or two  constrictions.
   139. Physaloptera contorta Leidy.  Body capillary, most narrowed anterior-
ly, with the posterior four-fifths  spirally contorted ; white, with the intestine
brown.  Lips prominent, constricted from the body, trilobate.  Tail short, coni-
cal, acute ; 'in the male with narrow alae, each furnished with five  funnel-shaped
pores.  Length of female from 6 lines to an inch ; breadth to J of a line ; male
from one half to three-fourths the size.
   Frequent in the stomach of Emys serrata, Emys reticulata, Cistudo Carolina, and
Kinosternum pennsylvanicum,  adhering to the mucous membrane in the same
manner as Physaloptera constricta.
   140. Physaloptera abjecta Leidy.  Body most narrowed anteriorly, incurved.
Mouth distictly bilabiate ;  lips lateral, prominent.   Caudal  extremity incurved,
obtusely conical.  Length 10 lines, breadth J a line.
   One specimen was  obtained by Mr. Jos. Jones, from the stomach of Psammo-
phis flagelliformis.
   141. Cheiracanthus horridus .Leidy.  Body subcylindrical,  incurved,  pos-
teriorly sub-clavate, obtuse ;  anteriorly covered with palmate plates, furnished
with as many as eight  spines, and degenerating posteriorly to single spines.
Head oblate-spheroidal, spirally echinate.  Mouth bilabiate, with the lips late-
ral and papillated. Length of female 1\ inches, breadth l£ lines.  Male not seen.
   Four specimens were obtained by Mr. Joseph Jones, in the stomach  of the
Alligator mississipiensis in Georgia.
   142. Tricocephalus dispar Rud.
   Not unfrequent in the children of the Anglo-american, and also in the negro. 
54
[February,
    143. Tricocephalus  minutus Rud.
    Numerous specimens were obtained by Joseph Jones from the ccecum of Di-
 delphis virginiana in Georgia.

    144. Cucullanus microcephalus Dujardin.
    Cucullanus trispinosus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 240.
    Frequent in the stomach and intestine of  Emys guttata, Emys reticulata, Emys
 serrata, and Chelonura serpentina.
    145. Cucullanus roseus Leidy,  Pr. A. N. S.,  v,  155.  Body  fusiform,  sub-
 straight, red, anteriorly obtuse.  Tail straight, short, conical, acute.  Mouth with
 a complex corneous apparatus.  Upper lip of anus turgid.  Penis consisting of
 two calcarate spiculae.  Generative aperture  of the female two-fifths the length
 of the body from the tail.  Length of female  to l£ inches, breadth to three-fifths
 a line ; length of male to 10 lines, breadth J a line.
    From the intestine of Testudo------?  from Java.
    146. SCLEROSTOMUM DENTATUM Rud.
   Several specimens, male and female, were obtained from the liver of the hog,
 Sus scrofa.

    147. Sclerostomum syngamus Diesing.
   Common in the trachea of the common fowl, Phasianus gallus.
   148. Sclerostomum armatum Rud.
   Specimens preserved in the collection of the Academy, and presented  by Dr.
 Harlan, who  obtained them from an  aneurism of the aorta of the horse, Equus
 caballus.  Strongylus armatus Rud., Harlan Med. and Phys. Res. 553.

   149.  Strongylus attenuatus Leidy.   Body cylindroid, narrowing towards
 the extremities ; female nearly straight, male  curved. Head obtuse, bialated ; alae
 long and moderately broad.   Mouth, with minute  angular papillae.   Tail of
 female straight, conical, acute.  Bursa of the male bilobed, multiradiate. Length
 of female 6 lines, breadth one-fifth of a line ; length of male 4| lines, breadth
 one-fifth of a line.
   Sixteen specimens were obtained by Mr. Schaf hirt from the intestine of Cyno-
 cephalus porcarius.

   150.  Strongylus simplex Leidy.   Body cylindroid, anteriorly rather abruptly
 narrowed ; female straight; male curved, with the  caudal extremity incurved.
 Head obtusely  conical, not alated  nor papillated.  Tail of  female compressed
 conical, acute ;  generative aperture one-third  the length of the body from its  ex-
 tremity.  Bursa of male trilobed ? one lobe posterior and two lateral, multiradi-
 ate.  Length of female 4 to 5 lines, breadth \ of a line ;  length of male 2 J to 3£
 lines, breadth £ of a line.
   Numerous specimens were obtained from the small intestine of Hystrix dorsata.
   151.  Strongylus auricularis Zeder.
   Intestine of Bufo americanus and of Cistudo Carolina.
   152.  Eustrongylus gigas Diesing.
  Frequent in the kidneys of the mink, Putorius vison, and occasionally occurring
in the dog, Canis familiaris.  One specimen, eight inches long, was obtained by
Mr. Josepn Jones from the heart of the latter animal, in association with Filariw
mentioned in another part of this paper.

  153. Trichosomum lineare Leidy.   Body filiform, nearly equally narrowed
towards the  extremities.   Caudal  extremity  of the female  spirally  involute.
Tail incurved, obtuse, with two conical points on the ventral aspect of the ex-
tremity.  Caudal extremity of the male spiral; tail long, conical, acute ; genera-
tive aperture a considerable  distance from  the end  of the tail.   Length of
female 3 inches, breadth \ of a line ; length of male l\ inches, breadth one-tenth
 of a line.
  Seven specimens were obtained from the small intestine of the cat, Felis catus. 
1856.]
55
   154.  ?Trichosomum picorum. Body cylindroid, equally narrowed and acute at
 the two extremities. Mouth and anus terminal. Length of female 7 lines, breadth
 one-fifth of a line.
   A single specimen was obtained by Mr. Schaf hirt from the intestine of Picus
 eolaris.

   155.  Agamonema  capsularia? Diesing.  Body  slender, most narrowed  an-
 teriorly.  Mouth small, circular, surrounded  by an undivided lip.  Tail short,
 obtusely conical, minutely mucronate.  Length 5 to 10 lines, breadth from J to
 J of a line.
   Found free in the intestine of Centropristes nigricans, Clupea elongata, and Alosa
 sapidissima.  Also free in the intestine and pancreatic coeca of Morrhua ameri-
 cana; and larger specimens : 1 inch in length and J of a line in breadth, coiled
 up within sacs of the peritoneum in the same fish.
   156.  Agamonema  papilligerum ?  Diesing.  Body cylindrical, most narrowed
 anteriorly, posteriorly obtusely conical.  Mouth surrounded by four papillae;
 anus terminal.  Length to 4i inches, breadth two-fifths of a line.
   One specimen was obtained from the abdominal cavity of Esox
   157.  Filaria medinensis Gmelin.
   Filaria hominis oris? Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v,  117.
   A  specimen is preserved in the collection of the  Academy, and was recently
 brought from Western Africa, by Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N., who obtained it from
 the leg of a white soldier.
   158.  Filaria papillosa Rud.
   Intestine of the ox, Bos taurus.
   159.  Filaria immitis Leidy.
   Filaria  Canis cordis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 118.   Body cylindrical, obtusely
 rounded at the extremities.  Mouth small, round, unarmed.  Caudal extremity
 of'male spiral, with  a row of  five tubercles  and a narrow ala upon each side.
 Penis protruding a short distance above the anus. Length of female to 10 inches,
 breadth to £ a line ;  length of male  to 5 inches, breadth J of a line.
   Mr. Joseph Jones recently presented to me  two specimens of the heart of the
 dog, in the right  ventricle of one  of which there were five of the Filarial just de-
 scribed.  In  the other specimen," the right auricle and ventricle, and the pulmo-
 nary  artery  in its ramifications  through the  lungs are literally stuifed with
 Filarice.  A portion of the blood of  this dog, given to me by Mr. Jones, contains
 a great number of the young of the Filaria.
   In relation to the symptoms which accompanied the presence of these worms
 in the heart while the dogs were living, Mr. Jones has furnished the following
 notes : The heart containing the five worms,'was taken from a male pointer dog,
 whose  appetite was voracious and  insatiable, and notwithstanding he was
 abundantly supplied with food, he remained in a very lean condition.  The heart
 and lungs containing great numbers of worms was  from a cur dog, who was
 always  so thin as to  resemble a skeleton ; and it was impossible to  benefit his
 condition with the most liberal supply of food.  Both dogs were of an exceeding-
 ly restless disposition.   They did not die in consequence of the presence of the
 Filarice, but were killed in the course of some physiological experiments.
   160. ? Filaria  dubia  Leidy.  Body cylindroid, narrowed towards the extremi-
ties, rolled in a transverse spiral. Head continuous with the body, naked.  Mouth
minutely papillated.   Tail acute.  Length 9 lines, breadth J of a line.
  Nine specimens were contained within two globular sacs of the gastric mucous
membrane of the Albatross, Diomedea exulans, the preparation  having been ob-
tained in  the South Atlantic, by  Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, U. S. N.  The
sacs also contained each  a brown globular body about  3£  lines in  diameter,
divided  by lines into quarters, intersected by transverse  corrugations.  At one
pole of these  enigmatic  bodies  was  an elliptical aperture, and at the opposite
pole a small conical tail-like appendage.  One of the bodies being cut op«n, ex- 
56
[February,
hibited  no regularity of  structure.   The Filar ice were  situated  between  the
globular bodies and the walls of the sacs containing them.

  161. Filaria attenuata ? Rud.  Body cylindrical, conical at the extremities.
Head convex ;  mouth  round, unarmed.  Caudal extremity of male  incurved.
Tail short, obtusely conical.  Length  of female 4 inches, breadth J of a line;
length of male 2 inches, breadth one-fifth of a line.
  Five specimens were obtained by Prof. Baird from  the abdominal cavity of
Sturnella ludoviciana.
  Two female Filarial having the same form  as the above, 5  inches  in length and
J a line in breadth, were  obtained by Prof. Baird from the adominal cavity of
Colaptes auratus.
  162. Filaria bispinosa Diesing.
  Filarial Boa, constrictoris  Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 118.
  Found beneath the skin of the Boa constrictor.
  163. Filaria cistudinis.  Body capillary,  spirally involute, attenuated at the
extremities.   Head and tail  obtusely rounded.  Mouth unarmed.  Anus termi-
nal.  Length li inches,  breadth £ of a line.
  One specimen was obtained by Mr. Schaf hirt from the heart of Cisludo Carolina.
  164. Filaria amphium^e.  Body  cylindroid, attenuated towards  the extremi-
ties, spirally coiled, anteriorly  truncate,  posteriorly acute.  Length 6 lines,
breadth one-fifth of a line.
  Numerous specimens were found coiled up in the  parietes of the stomach of
Amphiuma means, the individual of.which had been so  long preserved in alcohol,
that the characters of the worms could be partially determined only.
  165. Filaria nitida Leidy.  Body filiform.   Mouth large, round, unarmed ;
oesophagus one-fourth the length of the body ; intestine straight, capacious, with
a short narrow rectum;  anus terminal with a short tubular prolongation.   Tail
sub-distinct, conical.  Color red.  Length to 5 lines, breadth one-twelfth of a
line.
  Found coiled up in oval cysts in  the peritoneum  and abdominal muscles of
the Rana pipiens.
  166. Filaria solitaria  Leidy.   Mouth transverse,  sub-elliptical, papillated.
Caudal  extremity obtusely rounded.  Anus terminal.  Length  to  2  inches,
breadth J of a line.
  Coiled up in cysts  between the tunics of the stomach and intestines of Emys
serrata and Chelonura serpentina.  Obtained by Mr. Joseph Jones, in Georgia.
  167. Filaria rubra Leidy.   Capillary, anteriorly truncated, posteriorly  ob-
tusely conical, dark brownish red in color.   Mouth transverse, slightly bilabiate;
lips papillated.  Anus  terminal, transverse, crescentic.  Length  to 4J  inches,
breadth \ of a line.
  Frequently found in  considerable number in the peritoneal cavity of Labrax
lineatus, during tHe winter.

  168. Filaria quadrituberculata Leidy.  Body capillary, red in color, ante-
riorly conical, unarmed;  mouth  circular,  with an  elevated, non-papillated,
circular lip.  Caudal extremity  incurved, conical, ending in a minute  conical
papilla, and having on each side a pair of minute tubercles.  Length 4 inches,
breadth J of a line.
  A single specimen was found by Mr. Schaf hirt in the muscles of the back of
Anguilla vulgaris.

  169. Gordius.varius  Leidy.
  Pr. A. N. S., v, 262, (1851).
   Gordius aquaticus of American authors.
   Gordius tricuspidatus ? Siebold,  Zeits. f. Wiss. Zool. vii, 143  (1855).   Body
long, linear, cylindrical, attenuated towards the extremities; narrowest  ante-
riorly ;  passing  through a variety of shades from a dusky yellowish white or 
1856.]
57
cream color,  to  a dusky ochreous yellow, yellowish brown, reddish brown,
light chocolate  to dark chocolate brown, or to  ebony black; lustrous, often
iridescent in sunlight.  Head  surrounded by a dark brown or black  ring, ob-
liquely truncated and terminated by a convex, translucent, whitish vesicular mem-
brane, at the lower part of which is a minute round mouth.  Integument  areo-
lated ; areolae irregularly pentahedral.
   Female.—Lighter in color than the male, and usually much longer and thicker.
Caudal extremity trifurcate ;  caudal lobes  elongated, elliptical;  one narrower
than the other two.   Generative aperture round, enclosed by the caudal lobes.
   Male.—Usually dark-brown, often inclining to black.  Caudal extremity curved.
Tail  bifurcate ;  caudal lobes curved conoidal, obtuse, divergent.   Generative
aperture ventral, just above the caudal lobes.
   Twenty females and twelve males were found in Rancocas creek, a branch of
the Delaware, New Jersey,  in the month of August.  Length of the former 5 to
12 inches;  breadth \ to 2-5ths  of aline.   Length of the latter  from 4 to  6J
inches;  breadth  l-5th  to £ of a line.  Three females from 7 to  12 inches in
length, and from \ to 2-5ths  of  a line in breadth;  and one male 6J inches  in
length and \ of  a line in breadth, were obtained from the  Delaware  river.  Six
females and two  males were obtained  from the Schuylkill river.  Mr. Pearsall
has given me  eight specimens from Philadelphia  Co.  Prof. Agassiz has given
me a female 12 inches in length, from  Niagara ; a male 6 inches in length and a
female 8 inches in length from the vicinity of Cambridge ;  two females 6 inches
in length from Edgartown ; and a male 3 inches in length, and 2 females 4 inches
and 9 inches  in  length from  Trenton.   Dr.  King,  of Greensburg,  Penn., hag
given me a male  5 inches in length, from his vicinity.  Mr.  Hazzard,  of Point
Judith, R. I., has given  me a female 10 inches in length by 2-5ths of a line  in
breadth, from his vicinity.  Prof. Kirtland has given me a male 5 inches in length,
said  to  have  been passed per annum by a girl, near Cleveland, Ohio.   Prof.
Baird has given me three males from the Susquehanna river, near Carlisle, Pa.,
and a male and female from Lake Champlain, N. Y.
   The Gordius varius is the most common species of the genus in the United
States ; and it is  familiar to most persons under the  name of hair-worm, and  i3
erroneously supposed to originate from the maceration of horse hairs in water.
The  species  is remarkably prolific.   A  single female, 9 inches in  length, by
2-5ths of a line in breadth, which I had preserved  in a large vessel of water,
extruded from between its caudal lobes, a cord of ova, broken into segments,
the aggregate length of which was 91 inches,  and breadth l-20th  of a line.  I
counted  in each transverse disk of the cord, about 70 eggs, and in the length  of
l-40th of an  inch, 26 eggs, so that by simple calculation: 70X26X40X91=
the whole number of eggs deposited is 6,624,800.

   170. Gordius  aquaticus? Gmelin.
   Gordius seta Miiller, Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 83.
   Gordius lineatus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 263, (1851).
   Gordius robustus ?  Leidy, Ibidem, 275.  Body long, filiform, not narrowed an-
teriorly, dusky yellowish white,  cream colored,  white, light  brown,  or  dark
brown in color, sometimes darker  at  the extremities, lustrous.  Areolae of the
integument hexagonal.
   Female.—More robust than the male, opaque, and lighter colored.  Head ob-
tusely rounded.   Caudal extremity truncated, rounded.
  Male.—Narrower than the female.  Head  obtusely rounded.  Caudal  extremi-
ty incurved, bifurcated; caudal lobes  curved conoidal, obtuse, fimbriated upon
the ventral border with simple branching dermal appendages.
  Six males from 5 to 7 J inches in length, and |of  a line  in breadth ;  and one
female 5  inches in length, by \ of a line in breadth ;  of a dusky yellowish white
color, were  obtained by Prof. Baird  from a spring  in Essex  Co., New  York,
(Gordius lineatus, Pr. A. N. S.,  v, 263).   One female, of a light brown color, with
the head ringed with black, 3| inches long by l-5th of a line broad, procured
by Dr. \V. S. Gibson, from  a spring in Philadelphia county.  A female  of a
cream-color, with the h8ad  ringed with dark brown, 4J inches long by l-5th of 
58
[February,
a line broad, I found in Frederick Brook, at the head of the Bay of Fundy, New
Brunswick.  A female (G. robustus, Pr. A. N. S., v, 275), hardly narrowed at the
extremities, brown, rigid, with the head  edged with dark brown, and the tail
slightly expanded, conical and obtuse, 6J inches long, and  J a line wide, waa
obtained by Dr. Chas. H. Budd, from a boy, who informed him it had crept out
of the abdomen of the specimen of grasshopper which accompanied the worm. A
male and female  were  obtained by  Mr. Schafhirt, from a  single specimen of
Pterostkhus fastidites Dejean. The length of each is about 3 inches;  the breadth of
the male i of a line, of the female £ of a line.
  171. Mermis albicans Siebold.
  Mermis elongata Leidy,  Pr. A. N. S., v, 263.
  Mermis crassicaudata Leidy, Ibidem.
  Mermis ferruginea Leidy, Ib.  Body long, capillary, narrowed towards the ex-
tremities, most  narrowed anteriorly.  Head slightly dilated or not at all, trun-
cated, convex.   Caudal extremity slightly curved, conoidal, obtuse.  Color milk
white when the worm is parasitic, or is buried in the earth ; cream or yellow-
ish  white, or light ochreous yellow, or light reddish brown  when it lives in
water.  In alcohol becomes translucent yellow, bright yellow, approaching to
orange, or brown.
  Eleven individuals  (Mermis elongata Pr. A. N. S., v, 263,) of a dusky yellowish
white, and from 6 to 18 inches long, by \ to J of a line broad, were obtained by
Dr. Chas. H. Budd, in the early spring season,  in a  ditch  emptying into the
Rancocas creek, New Jersey.  Six specimens, opaque white in color, from 8 to
15 inches in length, were obtained  by Samuel Powell, Esq., in digging in the
earth mould of  his garden at Newport, R. I.  One  specimen, of a cream color,
22 inches long and J of a line broad, was obtained by Dr. William Gibson, from
a rivulet in Philadelphia county.  I found four specimens  of a brownish white,
from 9 to 16 inches long and from £ to \ of a line broad, in pools of fresh water,
among the rocks of the sea shore of Point Judith, R. I. One specimen (Mermit
irassicaudata Pr. A. N. S., v, 263,) opaque white, and 8 inches long, I found in a
ditch below Philadelphia.   A specimen (Mermis ferruginea Pr. A.  N. S., v, 275,)
from Brazil,  contained in the collection of the Academy, is brown in color, and
measures 14 J inches long. A cream colored individual, 4 inches long and l-5th of
a line broad, was obtained from an apple by Major Le Conte, who, with great pro-
bability, supposed it had issued from the larva of a lepidopterous insect, in the
core of the fruit.  Professor Agassiz  sent me a specimen translucent yellowish
white in color, and 9$ inches long, and l-5th of a line wide, obtained from the
abdomen of  Orchelium gracile Harris.  Lastly, I have obtained specimens very
frequently from Locusta  Carolina, of the meadows below Philadelphia, and oc-
casionally from the earth and ditches in the same locality.  From one to six of
the worms occupy the body of a single insect, closely coiled among the viscera,
from the head to the  end of the abdomen.   The worms are opaque white, and
measure from 3 to 15 inches  in length, and from £ to J of a line in breadth.
When the grasshoppers infested  with these parasites are bruised, the worms
creep out and penetrate into the earth, as I have satisfied myself by careful ob-
servation.  In alcohol the Mermis of the grasshopper assumes in  time a bright
yellow hue.
  172. Mermis  robusta  Leidy.
  Filaria Lycosce Haldeman, Icong.  Encyc. ii, Zool. 48.  Body cylindrical, ro-
bust, rigid,  smooth and shining, attenuated towards the extremities;  most
narrowed anteriorly.   Head conical.  Caudal extremity obtuse, imperforate.
  I found one specimen, of a pale pinkish white, 3 inches in length, and J of a
line in breadth, which crept from the abdomen of a species of Lycosa with four
stripes on the cephalothorax and three on the abdomen, from New Jersey.  The
specimen described by Mr. Haldeman, was pale reddish, and over five inches in
length,  by 2-5ths  of  a line in breadth, and  was  obtained from Lycota scutulata?
Hentz, in Pennsylvania.