BIOGRAPHICAL History of 
Medicine in New York 
Three Centuries of Medical Progress 
BY 
JAMES J. WALSH, M.D., Ph.D., Sc.D. 
Member of the French, German and Italian Societies for the History of 
Medicine; author of History of Medical Society of the State 
of New York; Makers of Modern Medicine; Old-Time 
Makers of Medicine; Medieval Medicine; Psycho- 
therapy; The Popes and Science; The Cen- 
tury of Columbus; The Thirteenth 
Greatest of Centuries, etc. 
Volume IV 
NATIONAL AMERICANA SOCIETY, Inc. 
NEW YORK 
1919 4 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
WALENTINE MOTT was born at Glen Cove, Long Island, August 
' 20, 1785, son of Henry Mott, a physician practicing in New York 
City, and descendant of Adam Mott, a settler of Long Island in 
1660, and prominent in the Society of Friends. After a classical 
education, Valentine Mott commenced medical studies with a kins- 
man, Dr. Valentine Seaman, remaining in this association until 1807; 
then took a full course of lectures at Columbia College, from whence 
he was graduated. He spent two years in Europe, principally in 
London and Edinburgh, studying under the best surgeons of the 
day. In 1809 he returned to New York, and after a private course 
of lectures on surgery was appointed to the chair of Surgery in 
Columbia, and when this institution was merged with the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, Dr. Mott continued with them until 
1826, when he and a number of his colleagues withdrew to found 
the Rutgers Medical School. Four years later he returned to the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons as Professor of Operative Sur- 
gery and Surgical and Pathological Anatomy. In 1835 he resigned 
and sailed for Europe on account of ill health. On his return sixteen 
months later he did not find himself sufficiently recovered and again 
crossed to the other side, going to Paris and making excursions to 
the countries bordering on the Eastern Mediterranean. During one 
of his trips he was called upon to remove a tumor from the head of 
the then reigning Sultan, performing the operation so successfully 
that he was invested with the order of the Medjidieh. In 1841 he 
returned to the United States. During his absence from America, 
he had been unanimously elected (1840) Professor of Surgery and 
president of the medical faculty of the University of the City of 
New York, and continued in this office, besides being surgeon of the 
New York Hospital, until his resignation in 1850, when he once 
more crossed the Atlantic. On his return in 1851 Dr. Mott again 
entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons as Professor of Oper- 
ative Surgery and Surgical Anatomy, but abandoned this position in 
1852 to become Emeritus Professor of Surgery in the university, 
which office he held at the time of his death. He was president of 
the New York Academy of Medicine in 1849 and 1857. His notable 
operations are too numerous to admit of even mention; his writings 
were not voluminous, however, as he was adverse to literary composi- 
tion. 
Dr. Mott married, in 1819, Louisa Dunmore Mums, who after his 
death purchased at a cost of $30,000, as an enduring monument to 
the memory of her husband, a fine building at 64 Madison avenue, 
for the Mott Memorial Library, which was incorporated in 1866. 
Dr. Mott died in New York, April 26, 1865. 
JOSEPH MATHER SMITH was born at New Rochelle, New York, 
March 14, 1789. His father was a distinguished physician of 
New Rochelle, and his mother a daughter of Samuel Mather, of a 
prominent New England family, some of whom were among the BIOGRAPHICAL 
5 
founders of Harvard University and many of them were eminent in 
medicine and divinity. 
Dr. Smith began to study medicine in the office of his father in 
1808, remaining three years, when he was licensed to practice by 
the Medical Society of Westchester county, of which his father was 
president. He settled in New York and was associated several years 
with Dr. William Baldwin. In 1815 he was graduated at the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons. Having a taste for literature, Dr. Smith, 
in company with Drs. Mott, Duprey, Bliss, and others, organized the 
New York Medical and Physical Society, and under Dr. Smith's 
supervision was published a volume of Transactions, in 1817. He 
entertained radical ideas on the subject of contagion, and published 
a work of a very advanced character giving his views. In 1826 he 
was appointed to the chair of the Theory and Practice of Physic 
in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, succeeding the illustrious 
David Hosack, and retaining this position until 1855. He was promi- 
nent in the American Medical Association, and was president of the 
New York Academy of Medicine in 1854. In 1855 Dr. Smith was 
established in the chair of Materia Medica in the college, which posi- 
tion he held until his death, his connection with the institution last- 
ing over forty years. In 1864 he was appointed president of the 
Common Council of Hygiene of the Citizens' Association of New 
York. He married, in May, 1831, Henrietta M. Beare, daughter of 
Captain Henry A. Beare, of the British Navy. Dr. Smith died April 
22, 1866. 
ALEXANDER HODGEN STEVENS was born in New York City, 
September 4, 1789. His father was Ebenezer Stevens, a native 
of Boston, and one of the party that destroyed the cargo of taxed 
tea, was an artillery officer in the Revolutionary army; his mother 
was a daughter of Colonel William Ledyard, also of the Revolution- 
ary army. 
Dr. Stevens was prepared for college in a select school at Plain- 
field, New Jersey, and entered Yale University, graduating A.B. in 
1807. He studied medicine under Dr. Edward Miller, attended one 
course of lectures in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and 
completed his training at the University of Pennsylvania, receiving 
the degree of M.D. in 1811. He then went abroad, spending his time 
in London and Paris. On. the homeward voyage he was taken prisoner 
by a British cruiser and returned to Plymouth, but after some delay 
was allowed to resume his trip. Arriving in New York, he was ap- 
pointed a surgeon in the army, but very soon after entered upon 
private practice. In 1814 he was called to the chair of surgery in the 
New York Medical Institution, and in 1818 became surgeon to the 
New York Hospital, where he introduced the European method of 
clinical instruction and demonstration, previously unknown in Amer- 
ica. He was transferred to the chair of the Principles and Practice 
of Surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1825, and 
when failing health determined his resignation in 1838 he was made 6 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Professor Emeritus by the regents of the State University. In 1841 
he was appointed president of the college, an office he filled for many 
years. He was vice-president of the American Medical Association 
in 1847 and president in 1848; president of the Academy of Medi- 
cine in 1851. He was the author of many articles contributed to 
the medical periodicals, and also short monographs on surgical topics. 
In 1849 he received the degree of LL.D, from the regents of the 
New York University. He died in New York City, March 30, 1869. 
T OHN WAKEFIELD FRANCIS was born in New York City, 
November 17, 1789. Left an orphan in 1795, he was early appren- 
ticed to George Long, printer, but the boy gave promise of literary 
ability, and his indentures were cancelled that he might become ade- 
quately educated. He went to the grammar school of Rev. Geo. Stra- 
beck, and later entered Columbia College. There he was attracted 
to medical study, and subsequently was the first graduate of the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons of New York after its union with 
the medical department of Columbia. In 1810 he became the asso- 
ciate of Dr. Hosack, both in professional and literary work, conducting 
the Medical and Philosophical Register until 1814. In 1813 he became 
a professor at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. After a 
period of research in European medical centres, he entered private 
practice. In 1825 he gained much credit by the publication of 
Denman's "Midwifery," with notes by himself. The following year, 
he joined the new faculty of Rutger's Medical College, but in 1831 
retired from public teaching. One of the founders of the New 
York Academy of Medicine, he delivered the first anniversary ora- 
tion, and was twice elected president. In 1850 Trinity College (Hart- 
ford) conferred on him the degree of LL.D. Four years later, he 
suffered a stroke of paralysis, but in 1857 had sufficiently recovered 
to publish his "Old New York; or Reminiscences of the Last Sixty 
Years." His last work was the "Life of Gouverneur Morris," pub- 
lished in 1859. He died February 8, 1861. 
T^HEODORIC ROMEYN BECK was born in Schenectady, New 
1 York, April 11, 1791, son of Caleb Beck. He attended the com- 
mon schools of his native place and in 1803 entered Union Col- 
lege, and graduated at the age of sixteen. He then went to 
Albany, where he commenced the study of medicine, which he 
completed in New York City, under the eminent Dr. Hosack. 
He received the degree of M. D. in 1811, and returned to 
Albany, where he began practice. In the same year he was 
appointed physician to the almshouse. Having become a mem- 
ber of the Society for the Promotion of Useful Arts, in 1812 he 
began to interest himself in agriculture and manufacture, and con- 
tinued to promote the useful arts during his entire life. In 1815 he 
was appointed Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and also Lec- 
turer on Medical Jurisprudence in a new College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, at Fairfield, in Herkimer county. He also became prin- BIOGRAPHICAL 
7 
cipal of the Albany Academy, and withdrew from the practice of 
medicine in 1817, being led to this action by a sensitive organization, 
revolting at the suffering he was compelled to witness. In 1823 Dr. 
Beck was elected vice-president of the Albany Lyceum of Natural 
History, and the same year published, with his brother, J. B. Beck, 
"The Elements of Medical Jurisprudence," which gave the authors 
world-wide fame. In 1829 Dr. Beck was elected president of the 
New York State Medical Society. In 1840 he was elected Professor 
of Materia Medica in the Albany Medical College, holding this posi- 
tion until 1854. He also filled from 1841 until his death, the impor- 
tant position of secretary of the Board of Regents of the State of 
New York. Dr. Beck was an expert on insanity, and in 1811 pub- 
lished a dissertation on this subject; from 1849-53 he edited The 
American Journal of Insanity. He made many valuable contribu- 
tions to American literature. Dr. Beck died at Utica, New York, 
Nov. 19, 1855. 
rPHOMAS SPENCER was born at Great Barrington, Mass., in 
A 1793. He was president of the New York State Medical Society, 
1832-33. In 1835 he founded the Medical Institute at what is now 
Hobart College, Geneva, New York, and held the chair of the Theory 
and Practice of Medicine there until 1850; he was president of the 
New York Medical Association, professor in medical colleges at Chi- 
cago and Philadelphia, and an army surgeon in the Mexican War. 
He published "Observations on Epidemic Diarrhoea, known as Chol- 
era" (1832) ; "Lectures on Vital Chemistry, or Animal Heat" 
(1845); and "The Atomic Theory of Life" (1853). He died in 
Philadelphia, May 30, 1857. His "Memoir," by Dr. S. D. Willard, 
appeared in 1858. 
TSAAC WOOD was born in Clinton Town, Dutchess county, N. Y., 
1 August 21, 1793, son of Samuel and Mary (Searing) Wood, the for- 
mer a publisher in New York City. He studied medicine under Dr. 
Valentine Seaman, and received license to practice in 1815, gaining 
his medical degree from Rutgers College, N. J., a year later, his 
thesis being "Carditis and Pericarditis." He became physician 
and surgeon at the New York Hospital, and later at Bellevue Hos- 
pital, New York, where in 1832 he almost succumbed during an epi- 
demic of cholera, which caused the death of six hundred inmates. 
He was one of the active organizers of the New York Academy of 
Medicine and twice occupied the presidential chair (1846-47). In 
his later years of practice he was consulting physician.to the New 
York Dispensary and Bellevue Hospital, and consulting surgeon to 
New York Ophthalmic Hospital. 
A LDEN MARCH was born at Sutton, Massachusetts, Sept. 20, 1795. 
x His childhood was spent upon a farm. He received his education 
in the common schools, and after teaching for a short time studied 
medicine with an elder brother who was an army surgeon. He en- 8 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
tered the medical department of Brown University, and graduated in 
1820. He began practice in Albany, where he soon attained an emi- 
nent position, and resided there for nearly a third of a century. 
He taught anatomy in several New England schools during the first 
ten years of his professional career, and in 1830 was elected to the 
chair of surgery in the Albany Medical College, of which he was 
one of the founders. He was also one of the founders of the Albany 
City Hospital. He devised, modified and improved certain surgical 
processes, and invented several useful surgical instruments; among 
the more important were an improved splint for use in hip diseases, 
improved hare-lip forceps, a new instrument for removing urinary 
calculi, instruments for the removal of dead bones, etc. In 1868 he 
was awarded the degree of LL.D, by Williams. He was one of the 
founders of the American Medical Association, and its president in 
1864. In 1856 he was president of the New York State Medical 
Association. He wrote a number of valuable articles on medical sub- 
jects and published "Wounds of the Abdomen and Larynx," and 
"Improved Forceps for Hare-Lip Operations." In 1869 he attended 
the meeting of the American Medical Association at New Orleans. 
The Albany Medical College was greatly indebted to him for its 
prosperity, and at his death he bequeathed to it his pathological mu- 
seum and the sum of $1,000, and a like amount to the Albany City 
Hospital. He was an honorary member of the principal medical 
societies in the United States. He died at Albany, New York, June 
17, 1869. 
ISAAC E. TAYLOR was born in Philadelphia, April 25, 1812, son 
* of William and Mary Taylor, natives of Cambridge, England, who 
settled in Philadelphia, in 1797. He was educated at a private board- 
ing school, and at Rutgers College, New York, graduating therefrom 
in 1830. During his stay at Rutgers he was suspended for playing 
billiards, and during his suspension he attended lectures on anatomy, 
chemistry and midwifery. After graduating A.B., he entered the 
office of Samuel L. Southard, of Trenton, N. J., where he read law 
for two years, and then entered the office of his brother, Dr. Othniel 
H. Taylor. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 
M.D., in 1834. In 1835 he entered into mercantile business with his 
father-in-law, Stuart Mollan, of New York, but returned to his pro- 
fession in 1839, in the city of New York. 
In 1840 he visited Paris and entered the office of Prof. Cazenaux, 
studying his specialties-obstetrics and diseases of women and chil- 
dren; he also traveled extensively, attending hospitals and other 
places of interest. He returned in 1841, and associated himself with 
the City, Eastern, Northern and Demilt dispensaries as attending 
physician, having charge, in each, of the diseases of females for 
seven years. In 1851 he was elected physician to Bellevue Hospital, 
and immediately commenced the series of improvements and reforms 
which brought about that renovation in the government, economy and 
police of its system, resulting in changes eminently beneficial, and BIOGRAPHICAL 
9 
increasing the utility of the institution in the uniting of the entire 
medical department of their government under one medical organiza- 
tion, and embracing Bellevue Hospital, the penitentiary, almshouse, 
workhouse, island hospital and small-pox hospital, and excepting only 
Randall's Island and the Lunatic Asylum; and established the Belle- 
vue Hospital Medical College, in connection with the Bellevue Hos- 
pital, with the addition of an out-door department. He was a per- 
manent member of the New York State Medical Society and the Amer- 
ican Medical Association, and member of the New York County 
Medical Society, being president in 1865, and vice-president in 1864 and 
1877; fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, vice-president in 
1867-68, and trustee for ten years; president of the obstetrical section 
of the Academy of Medicine, 1856,1876-77, and of the New York Jour- 
nal Association, of which he was also the founder, 1868-69; vice- 
president of the American Gynaecological Society; corresponding 
member of the Obstetrical societies of Berlin, Boston, Philadelphia, 
Knoxville, Tennessee, etc.; honorary member of the Medical Society 
of Christiana, Norway, etc.; president of the New York State Medical 
Association in 1887. He was the author and editor of many works 
of value to the medical profession. In 1839, with Dr. James A. Wash- 
ington, he introduced to the American profession the hypodermic 
method of treatment by morphia, strychnine, etc., in the New York 
Dispensary, sixteen years previous to Dr. Andrew Wood, of Edin- 
burgh (see Bartholow, 1873). He was president in 1861 of the Belle- 
vue Hospital Medical College, and was elected Emeritus Professor of 
Diseases of Women and Children therein in 1867. He was physician 
to Bellevue Hospital from 1852-76; was its consulting physician in 
1876, president of its medical board, 1868-74; consulting physician 
to Charity Hospital in 1872, president of its medical board from 
1864-68; and attending physician, 1860-72; consulting physician to 
the Infants Hospital, Blackwell's Island, from 1868-76, and president 
of its board in 1870; president of the bureau of the consulting board 
of medical and surgical relief, Bellevue Hospital, 1866, and consulting 
physician to same; consulting physician to the New York State Wom- 
en's Hospital, the Women's Infirmary and examiner on obstetrics; 
and physician to the Maternity Hospital, Blackwell's Island. Dur- 
ing Dr. Taylor's career he was noted for the kindly feeling and sym- 
pathy which by his manner he caused to exist between himself and 
his patients, the students who were under him, and the profession. 
Dr. Taylor died in New York City, October 30, 1889. 
AAT'ILLARD PARKER, of New York City, was born in Hillsboro, 
' ' New Hampshire, September 2, 1800, descended on both sides 
from English Puritan stock. The family on the father's side emi- 
grated to Massachusetts in 1640, and settled at Chelmsford, Middle- 
sex county, as farmers. Several members of different branches of the 
family were active patriots in the War of the Revolution. Colonel 
Moses Parker, a great-uncle, who had been distinguished in the French 
War, was at Bunker Hill, where he was wounded and taken prisoner, 10 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
dying in Boston, July 4, 1775. On the maternal side, his grandfather, 
Captain Peter Clark, was with Stark at Bennington, and also at 
the surrender of Burgoyne. Although born in New Hampshire, his 
father returned to Massachusetts when he was five years old, and 
settled on the old homestead, which was later owned by Dr. Parker. 
Being the oldest, much of his time was spent in working on the farm 
until he was nineteen, when he took charge of a district school, resolv- 
ing by such means to prepare for college. 
Dr. Parker graduated from Harvard in 1826. In his freshman 
year an incident occurred which attracted his attention to surgery. 
His chum happened to have strangulated hernia, and was at first 
attended by the physician of the town but without relief. In the 
morning, Dr. John C. Warren, Professor of Surgery in the college, 
was sent for, and the facility with which he diagnosed the case and 
reduced the hernia so forcibly impressed young Parker that he re- 
solved to devote his life to the study and practice of medicine and 
surgery. In the spring of 1827 he was appointed house physician in 
the United States Marine Hospital at Chelsea, remaining there about 
two years, and having the best of opportunities for the study of prac- 
tical anatomy under the late distinguished surgeon, S. D. Townsend, 
of Boston. In the winter of 1828-29 he became the private pupil of 
Dr. John C. Warren, whose lectures he had attended for two years, 
and whom he had aided in the anatomical department. The office 
of house surgeon had just been created in the Massachusetts General 
Hospital, and the situation was proffered to Mr. Parker, who accepted 
it, serving nearly a year, attending lectures in the meantime and 
graduating in medicine in February, 1830. In the summer of 1829 
the medical school at Woodstock, Vermont, wanted a lecturer on 
anatomy, and was referred to Mr. Parker, who delivered an anatom- 
ical course there the following year, after graduation. In June, 
1830, he was appointed to the chair of anatomy in the Berkshire 
Medical College, at Pittsfield, Mass., continuing also to lecture in the 
Vermont school. In 1832 a vacancy occurred in the surgical chair 
at Pittsfield, which was also filled by Dr. Parker, he lecturing twice 
daily. In 1836 he accepted the chair of surgery in the Cincinnati 
Medical College, and afterward spent some time in the English and 
French hospitals. 
On his return to America, in 1839 he was appointed to the chair 
of surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of 
New York. In the spring of 1840, appreciating the want of prac- 
tical demonstration in teaching surgery, and not being connected with 
a hospital, he visited, with the students, two of the city dispensaries. 
Soon afterwards interesting cases were selected and taken from the 
dispensaries to the college, then in Crosby street, where the anatom- 
ical theatre offered superior advantages for making diagnoses and per- 
forming operations before the whole class. This was the Commence- 
ment of what are called college clinics. In 1845 the present Belle- 
vue Hospital, then the City Almshouse, was reorganized under a 
board of governors, and Drs. Parker and James R. Wood were ap- BIOGRAPHICAL 
11 
pointed visiting surgeons. For many years after this no changes were 
made in his professional relations except an appointment of visiting 
surgeon to the New York Hospital in 1856. On the death of Dr. 
Valentine Mott in 1865, who was then president of the New York 
State Inebriate Asylum at Binghamton, Dr. Parker was appointed his 
successor. The success which attended the institution in overcoming 
much opposition attests the wisdom of the appointment. The posi- 
tion held by Dr. Parker and many others in this country and in 
Europe, is that alcohol is essentially a poison, that it cannot be con- 
sidered as a food, and should only be used in exceptional cases and 
under the advice of a physician, and in the preparation of medicines. 
He received the degree of LL.D, from the College of New Jersey, at 
Princeton, in 1870. Dr. Parker was consulting surgeon to the New 
York Hospital, Bellevue Hospital, St. Luke's Hospital, Roosevelt Hos- 
pital, Mt. Sinai Hospital, and Emeritus Professor of Surgery in the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, having resigned the active du- 
ties of professor in 1870. He was an honorary member of many 
of the State medical societies, and president in 1856 of the New York 
Academy of Medicine. He was the pioneer in the performance of 
many important operations, such as that for appendicitis. As a 
teacher Dr. Parker enjoyed the highest reputation. He was not a 
voluminous writer but many reports of his cases have been compiled 
and published. 
Dr. Parker was twice married, (first) in 1839, to Caroline Allen, 
of Massachusetts; (second) to Henrietta Bissell. He had one son 
and five daughters. He died in New York City, April 25, 1884. 
J^ENRY DAGGETT BULKLEY was born in New Haven, Conn., 
1 1 April 4, 1804, son of John Bulkley, ship captain and trader. 
Graduate of Yale College in 1821, after a few years of New York 
business he became a medical student under Dr. Jonathan Knight, 
and took a medical course at Yale, receiving M.D. in 1830. The year 
1831 he spent in Europe, mostly at Paris, pursuing medical research. 
In 1833 he settled in New York City, becoming surgeon in the de- 
partment of skin diseases at New York Dispensary. In 1837 he de- 
livered a course of lectures at the Broome Street Infirmary for Skin 
Diseases, which institution he had founded and had for many years 
maintained. Those were stated to have been the first lectures ever 
delivered in the United States on the subject of skin diseases. He 
was perhaps the earliest American writer on infantile syphilis, as 
his "Syphilis in Infants" was published in 1840. For some years 
he was editor of the New York Medical Tinies. In 1867 he was presi- 
dent of the Medical Society of the County of New York; in 1869, 
president of the New York Academy of Medicine; and in 1870 of the 
New York Dermatological Society. His death occurred Jan. 4, 1872. 
ALFRED CHARLES POST, of New York, was a son of Joel and 
Elizabeth (Browne) Post, and was born in New York, Jan- 
uary 13, 1806. Educated at Nelson's Grammar School, Columbia 12 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
College, and the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, he 
graduated from the last-named in 1827. Two years later, having 
meanwhile studied in Paris, Berlin, London, Vienna, etc., he estab- 
lished himself in New York, giving his attention mainly to surgery, 
paying especial attention to the treatment of cicatricial contractions, 
deformities from burns, and other analagous injuries. In 1835 he 
removed to Brooklyn, but after passing two years in that city resumed 
his residence in New York. 
As a surgeon generally, and within the lines of his specialties par- 
ticularly, his practice was very uniformly successful, and he was 
regarded as one of the leading surgeons in America. He was a mem- 
ber of the Berlin Koniglich Medizinisch; Chirurgische Gesellschaft; 
Boston Gynaecological Society; New York Pathological Society; New 
York County Medical Society; Academy of Medicine, vice-president 
1861-62, president, 1867-68; and of the American Medical Association 
of which he was once chosen vice-president. As an author, his writings, 
dealing principally with surgical matters, have been confined to contri- 
butions to professional periodicals, with the exception of a small vol- 
ume on "Strabismus," published in 1840. From 1831-35 he was 
Demonstrator of Anatomy to the New York College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, and 1836-52 he was attending surgeon to the New York 
Hospital. After 1852 he was consulting surgeon to the latter institu- 
tion. From 1851 to 1875 he was Professor of Surgery in the medical 
department of the University of New York; in 1875 was made Emeri- 
tus Professor, in 1873 having been elected president of the medical 
faculty. He was also consulting surgeon of St. Luke's Hospital; 
attending surgeon to the Presbyterian Hospital, and president of the 
medical board of the Women's Hospital. He married, April 13, 1831, 
Harriet, daughter of Cyrenius Beers, Esq., by whom he had eleven 
children, of whom seven are living. One of his sons was Dr. George 
E. Post, Professor of Surgery in the Syrian Protestant Hospital at 
Beyrout. Dr. Post died in New York City, February 7, 1886. 
rPHOMAS HUN, late of Albany, New York, was born in Albany, 
* in 1808. He graduated in the classics at Union College in 1826, 
and began the study of medicine that same year, receiving his degree 
of M.D. from the medical department of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania in 1830. With the exception of six years spent in Paris, he 
was engaged in the practice of medicine in Albany from 1830 to the 
time of his death. From 1839 to 1858 he was Professor of Institutes 
of Medicine in the Albany Medical College, and was made Professor 
Emeritus and dean of the faculty in the same college. In 1862 he was 
elected president of the Medical Society of the State of New York. 
T^REDERICK HYDE, late of Cortland, New York, was born at 
Whitney's Point, New York, January 27, 1809, son of Col. Ebby 
Hyde, and a grandson of Gen. Caleb Hyde, of Revolutionary fame. 
He read medicine under, successively, Drs. Hiram Moe and Horace 
Brownson; was subsequently for three terms a student in the College BIOGRAPHICAL 
13 
of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District, Fairfield, New 
York, and in 1836 received from that institution his degree of M.D. 
In 1836 he established at Cortland, New York. He specialized in 
surgery and performed many remarkable operations successfully. In 
1854 he was appointed Professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women 
and Children in Geneva Medical College; was transferred in 1855 
to the chair of surgery in the same college, and retained the latter 
position until 1872. In that year he was appointed Professor of 
Surgery in Syracuse University, was subsequently elected dean of 
the medical faculty, and held both positions. For a few years pre- 
vious to his connection with Geneva Medical College, he conducted 
a private anatomical school in Cortland. He was twice president of 
the Cortland County Medical Society; was a member of the Southern 
Central Medical Association of New York and was its president; 
of the New York Central Medical Association; of the New York 
State Medical Society (president, 1864), and delegate in 1868 to 
the annual convention of the New Jersey State Medical Society and 
American Medical Association. In 1876 he was a delegate from the 
New York State Medical Society to the International Congress. Of 
his professional publications many were of great importance to the 
profession, and consisted of reports, addresses, etc., in addition to 
which he published some excellent biographical sketches. For eigh- 
teen years he was a trustee of Cortland Academy; and from 1876 was 
president of the board of trustees of the State Normal School at 
Cortland, and president of the Cortland Savings Bank. He married, 
in 1838, Miss Goodyear, a daughter of Dr. Miles Goodyear, of Cort- 
land. 
T AMES PLATT WHITE was born in Austerlitz, Columbia county, 
J New York, March 14, 1811, son of David White, a soldier in the 
War of 1812, and a direct descendant of Peregrine White, who was 
born on board the "Mayflower," November 20, 1620. His mother 
belonged to the well-known family of Platts of New York state, and 
his paternal grandfather fought in the Revolutionary War. 
He acquired a good English and fair classical education. His first 
inclination was for the law, but entered Jefferson Medical College, 
graduating in 1834. He established himself in Buffalo in 1835, and 
the year following married Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Henry R. 
Penfield, of Penfield, New York. His success in his profession was 
almost immediate. It was largely due to his exertions that the medical 
school at Buffalo was established, which afterwards became the medical 
department of the University of Buffalo. He was president of the 
council, and then made Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and 
held these positions to the time of his death. He was the first to 
introduce in this country, in connection with didactic teaching, the 
clinical illustration of labor, which met with considerable opposition 
and criticism. In 1868 Dr. White was elected vice-president, and 
in 1870 president of the New York State Medical Society. In 1878 
he was elected one of the vice-presidents of the American Medical 14 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Association, having in 1872 been named by the New York delegates 
for the presidency. He was elected a corresponding and afterwards 
an honorary fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine. He 
was one of the vice-presidents of the Medical College in Philadelphia 
in 1876. He was the author of the articles on pregnancy in "Beck's 
Medical Jurisprudence," and on Dr. Samuel Bard in "Lives of Dis- 
tinguished American Physicians and Surgeons." Dr. White co-oper- 
ated with Bishop Timon in establishing the Buffalo Hospital of the 
Sisters of Charity and the Providence Asylum for the Insane. Ho 
founded the State Lunatic Asylum in Buffalo, and was first its man- 
ager and afterward president. He was a member of the Protestant 
Episcopal church, one of the founders of the Young Men's Christian 
Association, the Academy of Fine Arts, the Historical Society, all of 
Buffalo; was president of the Church Charity Foundation and of the 
Buffalo Club. He was an honorary associate of the Gynaecological 
Society of Boston. Dr. White died at his home in Buffalo, New York, 
September 28, 1881, and his widow, January 23, 1882. 
A USTIN FLINT was born in Petersham, Mass., October 20, 1812, 
1 Y son of Joseph Henshaw Flint, one of the best known physicians 
and surgeons in the Connecticut Valley; grandson of Austin Flint, of 
Leicester, who was a surgeon in the American Revolution; and a 
great-grandson of Edward Flint, a noted practitioner at Shrewsbury. 
Austin Flint was a student at Amherst and Harvard colleges, and 
later at the Harvard Medical School, from which he was graduated 
M.D. in 1833. The first three years after his graduation he prac- 
ticed at Northampton, Mass., and in Boston, and then removed to 
Buffalo, New York, where he remained until 1844, in which year he 
accepted the professorship of the Theory and Practice of Medicine 
at the recently established Rush Medical College, Chicago. However, 
he only remained there one year, and then returned to Buffalo, where 
he established the Buffalo Medical Journal, of which he was edi- 
tor for ten years. In 1847 Dr. Flint, with Drs. James P. White and 
Frank H. Hamilton, founded the Buffalo Medical College, now the 
Medical Department of the University of Buffalo, and was made 
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine and of Clinical 
Medicine, and was the leading teacher up to the time of his resigna- 
tion in 1852. The following four years he served as Professor of 
Pathology and Clinical Medicine in a strong faculty at Louisville, 
Kentucky, after which he again returned to Buffalo, accepting there 
the chair of Pathology and Clinical Medicine. During the winters of 
1858-61 he filled the professorship of Clinical Medicine at the New 
Orleans (Louisiana) Medical School, and was attending physician at 
the Charity Hospital. 
Dr. Flint removed to New York City in 1859, and accepted the 
dual position of Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine and 
visiting physician at Bellevue Medical College and Hospital, and 
Professor of Pathology and Practical Medicine at the Long Island 
College and Hospital, but resigned from the latter position in 1868. BIOGRAPHICAL 
15 
He was a voluminous writer, and many of his works were the accepted 
text-books upon the principles and practice of medicine. His writings 
did not aim at extensive original research, but rather endeavored to 
popularize the latest and best in medical thought. "The Lancet" 
called him the "Watson of America." Dr. Flint was an active mem- 
ber of many leading American medical and scientific societies, and 
a corresponding member of various similar European organizations. 
In 1862 he became a member of the New York Academy of Medicine, 
was its orator in 1868, its vice-president, 1871-72, and president in 
1873-74. Dr. Flint retained his membership in the Academy until a 
short time prior to his death. In 1883 he was elected president of 
the American Medical Association, was one of the orators at three 
International Congresses (Philadelphia, 1876, London, 1881, Copen- 
hagen, 1884). It was his suggestion that led to the meeting of the 
International Medical Congress in this country in 1887, and he was 
to have delivered the presidential address as the successor of Dr. 
Samuel D. Gross, but his death in New York, March 13, 1886, inter- 
vened. He was the first American to deliver the address in medicine 
before the British Medical Association, in 1886. 
The following is a partial list of his writings: "Practice of Med- 
icine," which ran through several editions, with a sale of forty thou- 
sand copies; "Variations in Percussion and Respiratory Sounds," 
' ' Clinical Study of the Heart Sounds in Health and Disease, " " Phys- 
ical Exploration and Diagnosis of Diseases Affecting the Respiratory 
Organs," "A Practical Treatise upon the Pathology, Diagnosis and 
Treatment of Diseases of the Heart," "Essays on Conservatism," 
"Medicine and Kindred Topics," "Phthisis; Its Morbid Anatomy, 
Etiology, Symptomatic Events and Complications, Fatality and Prog- 
nosis, Treatment and Physical Diagnosis, in a Series of Clinical 
Studies," "A Manual of Percussion and Auscultation," "Clinical 
Medicine, A Systematic Treatise on the Diagnosis and Treatment of 
Disease, " " Physical Exploration of the Lungs by Means of Ausculta- 
tion and Percussion," "Medical Ethics and Etiquette," and "Med- 
icine in the Future, ' ' which was one of his last works . 
T^RANK HASTINGS HAMILTON, late of New York, was born in 
Wilmington, Vermont, September 10, 1813. He was graduated 
from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 
1833, and settled in Auburn, New York, removing in 1844 to Buffalo, 
and thence to New York City in 1862. He devoted himself principally 
to surgery, in which his notable operations are too numerous for 
separate mention, and he made many important contributions to the 
science and art of his chosen branch, including inventions of the great- 
est value; he was also a pioneer in new methods of practice of surgery 
acknowledged in leadership both here and abroad. He was a member 
of the New York State Medical Society (president, 1855) ; the New 
York Pathological Society (president, 1866) ; of the New York Acad- 
emy of Medicine, of the Medico-Legal Society (president, 1875-76); 
and an honorary member of various societies. He published many 16 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
treatises, some of which reached their sixth edition and were translated 
into some of the European languages. He was medical inspector in 
the United States Army in 1863. He resigned the professorship of 
surgery in Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1875, but retained 
for years the position of visiting surgeon to that hospital and also 
was consulting surgeon to St. Elizabeth's Hospital, to the Hospital 
for the Ruptured and Crippled, and various other city dispensaries. 
Dr. Hamilton was married, in 1834, to Mary Virginia McMurran, 
of Virginia, and (second) in 1840, to Mary Hart, daughter of Judge 
0. Hart, Oswego City. He died in New York City, August 11, 1886. 
I? DMUND RANDOLPH PEASLEE, distinguished pathologist and 
surgeon, was born in Newton, N. H., January 22, 1814, son of 
Hon. James and Abigail (Chase) Peaslee. He entered Dartmouth 
College in 1832, graduating in 1836, and became a medical student 
under Dr. Noah Worcester, of Hanover, N. H. He entered the med- 
ical school of Yale, and in 1840 received the M.D. degree. Aftei; 
research work in Europe, he succeeded Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, 
as Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Dartmouth College, con- 
tinuing until 1871, when he was appointed Professor of Gynecology 
at Dartmouth, which chair he retained until his death. Dr. Peaslee 
was famed for his skill in gynecology; he wrote many works on 
ovariotomy and gynecological subjects. He was a prolific writer; his 
"Human Histology" (616 pp., 1854) brought him much fame, being 
the first systematic work on that subject in the English language. 
His "Ovarian Tumors and Ovariotomy" (551 pp., 1872) brought 
him into international prominence. Dr. Peaslee performed the first 
successful ovariotomy in New England. 
Dr. Peaslee was made LL.D, of Dartmouth College, and was pro- 
fessorially connected with Bowdoin College, Me., New York Univer- 
sity, and Albany Medical College. He was president of the American 
Gynecological Society, the New York Academy of Medicine, Medical 
Society of the County of New York, New York Pathological Society, 
New York Obstetrical Society, Medical Journal Association, and the 
New Hampshire State Medical Society. He died in January, 1878. 
PWARD MOTT MOORE, late of Rochester, was born at Rahway, 
N. J., July 15, 1814, son of Lindley Murray and Abigail (Mott) 
Moore. His paternal ancestors were among the first settlers in New 
Jersey, and on his mother's side they go back to emigrants who came 
from France after the siege of Rochelle. 
He received his degree of M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania 
in 1838, and after a year at Blockley Hospital and a period at the 
Frankford Lunatic Asylum he removed in 1840 to Rochester, where 
he began practice. In 1842 he was called to the chair of surgery in 
the medical school of Woodstock, Vermont, and lectured there eleven 
years. He held the same chair at the Berkshire Medical College, Mas- 
sachusetts, 1853-54; at Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, 
1854-55, and at the Buffalo Medical College, 1858-83. Dr. Moore was BIOGRAPHICAL 
17 
distinguished for his researches and experiments on the heart's action. 
In his articles on medical and surgical topics he suggested many 
original methods of treatment. He was president of the New York 
State Medical Society in 1873; one of the founders of the American 
Surgical Association, succeeded Dr. Gross as its president in 1883; 
was president of the New York State Medical Association in 1886, 
and president of the American Medical Association in 1889-90. He 
helped frame the New York State Board of Health Constitution, and 
was president of the organization, 1880-86. In 1884 he was a delegate 
to the International Congress of Physicians at Copenhagen; was for 
many years president of the board of trustees of the University of 
Rochester and until his decease; also president of the board of trus- 
tees of the Reynolds Library; Rochester Public Health Association, 
and the Red Cross Society of Monroe County; a member of the Roches- 
ter Pathological Society, and an honorary fellow of the Rochester 
Academy of Medicine. For nearly fifty years he was at the head of 
St. Mary's Hospital staff. 
Dr. Moore was married at Windsor, Vermont, November 11, 1847, 
to Lucy R., daughter of Samuel Prescott, of Montreal, Canada. He 
died in Rochester, March 4, 1892. 
T^ORDYCE BARKER, of New York City, was born May 2, 1818, 
1 at Wilton, Maine. He was of English descent and the son of a 
physician. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1837, and studied 
medicine with Dr. Henry L. Bowditch, in Boston, Massachusetts, as 
also with Dr. Charles H. Stedman, at the Chelsea Hospital, for one 
year; graduated in 1841, and subsequently studying in Edinburgh and 
Paris, in which latter city he received the degree of M.D. in 1844. 
He began practice at Norwich, Conn., but in 1845 was Professor of 
Midwifery in the Bowdoin Medical College, and in 1850, having been 
elected Professor of Midwifery and the Diseases of Women in the 
New York Medical College, removed to New York City. In 1854 he 
was made Obstetric Physician to the Bellevue Hospital, holding the 
office until 1874, and in 1860 became Professor of Clinical Midwifery 
and the Diseases of Women in Bellevue Hospital Medical College. 
He was consulting physician to Bellevue Hospital, to the Nursery and 
Child's Hospital, and St. Elizabeth's Hospital; and surgeon to the 
Woman's Hospital of the State of New York. He was a member of 
the Academy of Medicine (president, 1879-84) ; of the New York 
County Medical Society; of the New York Obstetric Society; of the 
New York Pathological Society; of the Medical and Surgical Society 
of New York; of the Medical Society of the State of New York, of 
which he was at one time president; and of the American Gynaecolog- 
ical Society, of which he was elected the first president in 1876; and 
honorary fellow of the Royal Medical Society of Athens, Greece; and 
of the Obstetrical societies of Edinburgh, London, Philadelphia, and 
Louisville; of the Philadelphia College of Physicians, and of several 
State societies. He contributed to medical literature in the way of 
papers and lectures, and was besides the author of some other works, 18 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
one at least of which was translated into Italian, and other European 
languages. He married, in 1843, Elizabeth Lee Dwight, and had one 
son. Dr. Barker died May 29, 1891. 
IJENRY WALTER DEAN, late of Rochester, was born in Morris- 
ville, New York, August 22, 1818; educated at Middlebury and 
Lima, New York; studied medicine at the Geneva Medical College, 
graduating in 1842, and settled in Rochester. He was a member of 
the Rochester City Medical Society; of the Monroe County Medical 
Society; of the New York State Medical Society, of which he was 
president in 1865; and of the American Medical Association, of which 
he was a member of the judicial council for several years. He was 
officially connected with the Rochester City Hospital from its organiza- 
tion until his death, which occurred January 13, 1878. In April, 
1843, he married Elizabeth P. Smith. 
CAMUEL SMITH PURPLE, one of the founders of the New York 
Academy of Medicine and its president, 1875-78, was born June 
24, 1822, in Lebanon, N. Y., son of Deacon Lyman Smith Purple, and 
in the seventh generation from Edward Purple, who settled in Had- 
dam, Connecticut, in 1674. 
He was educated primarily at the district school of Earlville, N. Y., 
and in 1841 began the study of medicine under Dr. D. Ransom, pro- 
ceeding later to the Geneva Medical College, and to the New York 
University, graduating M.D. from the latter in 1844. Entering gen- 
eral practice in New York City that year, he quickly became prom- 
inent among the practitioners of the city, holding many offices in 
professional societies. He contributed creditably to medical literature, 
and for ten years or so edited the New York Journal of Medicine. He 
collected one of the finest medical libraries in the state, and ultimately 
donated it (over 5,000 volumes) to the New York Academy of Med- 
icine. A bronze tablet in his honor "as the founder of the New York 
Academy of Medicine library" was placed in the Library Hall of 
the Academy. 
TVIOMAS D. STRONG, of Westfield, New York, was born at Pawlet, 
1 Vermont, November 22, 1822. His ancestry was English, and, 
were settled in this country in 1640. He was fitted for college at 
Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vermont, and graduated from the Uni- 
versity of Vermont, in Burlington, July, 1848, and also at the med- 
ical department of the University of Buffalo, in 1851, settling in 
Westfield immediately thereafter. He was a permanent member of 
the Medical Society of the State of New York, and was president 
of the Lake Erie Medical Society and of the Chautauqua County 
Medical Society; president of the New York State Medical Associa- 
tion in 1894. His medical writings were mainly journal contribu- 
tions. He married, in 1852, Lucy M., daughter of Calvin Ainsworth, 
Esq., of Williamstown, Vermont. BIOGRAPHICAL 
19 
QTEPHEN SMITH, of New York City, was born February 19, 
1823, son of a farmer of Onondaga county, New York, Lewis 
Smith, and his wife, Chloe (Benson) Smith. After attending the 
country schools, he came under private instruction, and took twq 
terms at Cortland Academy, at Homer, New York. His professional 
training was begun in the office of Dr. Caleb Greene, of Homer; at 
the same time he attended medical lectures at Geneva Medical College; 
afterwards studied under Prof. Hamilton, of Buffalo; attended lec- 
tures at the Buffalo Medical College, and became resident pupil in 
the Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity. In 1849 he entered 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia), graduating in 
1850 with his M.D. degree. His later degrees have been: Honorary, 
A.M., Brown, 1876; LL.D., University of Rochester, 1891. 
Immediately after his graduation he became resident physician of 
Bellevue Hospital, 1850-52, and was attending surgeon in 1854. He 
performed an operation known as tying the common iliac artery for 
aneurism, and was the second in this country to perform Symes' 
amputation at the ankle joint. He was among the first to propose 
the organization of Bellevue College, of which he was Professor of 
Surgery, 1861-65, Professor of Anatomy, 1865-74. He was Professor 
of Clinical Surgery of the medical department, New York University, 
1874; consulting surgeon at Bellevue, St. Vincent's, and Columbus 
Hospitals. He was a large contributor to the New York Journal of 
Medicine, at one time joint editor, later becoming sole editor. He 
investigated the sanitary condition of New York in 1865 and reported 
to the Legislature. During the Civil War he was commissioned sur- 
geon by Governor Morgan, and went several times to the front. He 
was founder of the American Public Health Association, and was 
four times elected its president; was United States Commissioner to 
the Ninth International. Sanitary Convention, Paris, 1894; has been a 
member of city and national boards of health, State Board of Chari- 
ties, commissioner in lunacy, etc. He is a member of the New York 
Pathological Society, the New York Academy of Medicine, the Medical 
Journal Association of the City of New York, the Medical Society of 
the County of New York, and was president of the New York State 
Medical Association in 1891. On June 1, 1858, Dr. Smith married 
Lucy E., daughter of Judge E. D. Culver, of Brooklyn. He is living 
(1917) in New York City. 
ITENRY DARWIN DID AMA, of Syracuse, New York, was 
JI born at Perryville, Madison county, New York, June 17, 1823, 
son of Dr. John Didama, a native of Holland, and Lucinda (Gaylord) 
Didama, of Connecticut. He was educated at Cazenovia Seminary, 
studied medicine at the Geneva and Albany colleges, and graduated 
from the latter institution in 1846. 
He settled first in Romulus, New York, where he remained until 
1851, then removed to Syracuse, New York, where he engaged in gen- 
eral practice, but making a specialty of gynecology. He was a mem- 
ber of his city, county and district medical societies, and was president 20 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
of each; member of the Boston Gynecological Society; of the New 
York State Medical Association, of which he was president in 1884, 
and of the American Medical Association, of which he was vice-presi- 
dent in 1875. He was also a member of the International Medical 
Congress, held in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1873 he became Professor 
of Principles and Practice in Medicine in the College of Medicine, 
Syracuse University, and served in that capacity for many years. He 
was surgeon of the Fifty-first Regiment, National Guard, State of 
New York, for eight years, and was also division surgeon of the Sixth 
Division, National Guard, State of New York. He was coroner of 
Syracuse for twelve years. In 1848 he married Sarah, daughter of 
Hon. Sherman Miller, of Tompkins county, New York. 
T OHN PERDUE GRAY, late of Utica, New York, was born in 
u Half Moon, Centre county, Penn., Aug. 6, 1825. He received his 
medical education in the medical department of the University of 
Pennsylvania, graduating in 1848. He made a specialty of the treat- 
ment of mental diseases, and was appointed an assistant physician in 
the New York State Asylum for the Insane in Utica. The following 
year he made great improvements in the conduct of the institution, 
which at that time had accommodation for about 600 patients, and 
in 1852 was appointed superintendent. In 1854 he accepted an offer 
of a similar position in a new asylum in Michigan, but almost im- 
mediately returned to Utica to succeed Dr. Benedict, who had re- 
signed the superintendency, and Dr. Gray remained in this position 
until his death. He was a member of the American Medical Associa- 
tion; of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American 
Institutes for the Insane; of the Medical Society of the State of New 
York, of which he was president in 1867, and by which he was sent 
as a delegate to the American Medical Association in 1877; of the 
New York State Medical Association, of which he was president in 
1885; and of the Oneida County Medical Society. He was a member 
of the International Medical Congress, Philadelphia, 1876, appearing 
as a delegate from the New York State Medical Society. In that body 
he was chosen president of the section on mental diseases, and deliv- 
ered an address on "Mental Hygiene," which wyas published in the 
Transactions of the Congress. He was an honorary member of med- 
ical societies of France, Italy, and Great Britain. He received the 
honorary degree of LL.D, from Hamilton College in 1874. His many 
addresses and lectures were edited and published by the Journal of 
Insanity, and extended over many years. 
Dr. Gray was married, September 6, 1854, to Mary B., daughter of 
Edmund A. Wetmore, of Utica. He died in Utica, November 29, 1886. 
JOSEPH CHRISMAN HUTCHISON, late of Brooklyn, New York, 
J was of Scotch-Irish descent, son of Dr. Nathaniel and Mary (Chris- 
man) Hutchison, and was born February 22, 1827, in Old Franklin, 
Howard county, Missouri. 
Having received a collegiate education at the University of Mis- BIOGRAPHICAL 
21 
souri, he entered the medical department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania, and wrhile attending lectures wTas a private pupil of Drs. 
Gerhard and Peace. Graduating M.D. in 1848, he practiced four 
years in Missouri, removing thence in 1853 and establishing himself 
in Brooklyn, where he remained until his death. In his specialty, 
surgery, he successfully treated numerous notable cases. 
He was a member of the Kings County Medical Society, (presi- 
dent, 1864) ; member of New York State Medical Society (president, 
1866); member of the New York Pathological Society, (president, 
1871) ; fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine (vice-president, 
1869-70-71) ; honorary member of Connecticut State Medical Society; 
and corresponding member of the Boston Gynaecological Society. In 
1867 he was a delegate from the American Medical Association to the 
International Medical Congress at Paris; in 1875 a delegate from 
the same body to the meeting of the British Medical Association at 
Edinburgh; and in 1876 a delegate from the New York State 
Medical Society to the International Medical Congress at Philadel- 
phia. Among his more important publications were excellent ar- 
ticles on surgery, physiology and hygiene. During the cholera 
epidemic of 1854 he was physician to the Brooklyn Cholera Hospital; 
for many years surgeon to the Brooklyn City Hospital; also surgeon- 
in-chief of the Brooklyn Orthopaedic Infirmary; consulting surgeon 
to the Kings County, St. Peter's and St. John's hospitals. In 1854- 
55-56 he was Lecturer on Diseases of Women in the New York Uni- 
versity Medical College; 1860-67 Professor of Operative and Clinical 
Surgery in Long Island College Hospital, resigning his chair in the 
latter year; he was health commissioner of the city of Brooklyn, 
1873, 1874 and 1875. He married, in 1849, Susan H., daughter of 
Rev. A. and Martha (Cowles) Benedict. 
T OHN CRONYN, of Buffalo, New York, was born in County Cork, 
Ireland, December 15, 1827, of Scotch-French descent and Irish 
parentage. Educated at a monastery in Cork, by private tutors and 
in the University of Toronto, Canada, he was licensed a physician 
in 1850; took his Bachelor's degree in medicine in 1857, and in 1858 
received his degree of M. D. From 1850 to 1859 he practiced at 
Fort Erie, Canada, and after that at Buffalo, New York. He was a 
member of the Erie County Medical Society, a member of the board 
of censors, president in 1875-76, and a delegate thence to the State 
Medical Society; was also of the Buffalo Medical Association, and 
president in 1873; was a member of the New York State Medical 
Association, and president in 1888; was surgeon to the Sisters of 
Charity Hospital. His publications include papers on "Laryngo- 
Trachitis," and "Malignant Pustule," and numerous reports of 
cases. 
JOHN G. ORTON, of Binghamton, New York, son of Azariah G. Or- 
ton, D.D., and Minerva (Squire) Orton, was born at Seneca Falls, 
New York, December 5, 1827. His ancestors emigrated from England 22 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
in 1636 and settled in Windsor, Connecticut, from thence descend- 
ants have spread to various other localities. 
He was educated at the University of the City of New York, and 
graduated M.D. in the medical department in 1853, settling in 1854 
in Binghamton, in general practice. He was a member of the Ameri- 
can Medical Association; permanent member of the New York State 
Medical Society; secretary and censor of the Broome County Medical 
Society (president, 1856) ; was elected in 1854 a member of the Bing- 
hamton Academy of Medicine; in 1864, a corresponding member of 
the Buffalo Natural History Society; and in 1875, member of the 
American Association for the Cure of Inebriates. He was a member 
of the Public Health Association of the United States, and 
consulting surgeon of the New York State Inebriate Asylum. In 
1890 he was president of the New York State Medical Association. 
He was a valuable contributor to medical literature through the 
"Transactions of the New York State Medical Society," and the 
various periodicals. He was manager of the New York State Inebriate 
Asylum for many years beginning in 1868; manager and president 
of the orphan asylum at Binghamton from 1869, the date of its or- 
ganization, and trustee of the New York State Blind Asylum. He was 
also trustee of the Binghamton Savings Bank, and for four years 
member of the board of education of that city, being United States 
examining agent for pensions from 1863. He was confidential ad- 
viser and medical examiner for most of the life insurance companies 
represented in Broome county. In June, 1856, Dr. Orton married 
Helen M., daughter of Dr. Ammi Doubleday, of Binghamton. 
A LONZO CLARK, late of New York City, was educated at Williams 
College, from which he graduated A.B. in 1828. He received his 
degree of M. D. from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New 
York in 1835, and began his professorial career as Professor of Path- 
ology and Material Medica in the Vermont Medical College, Burling- 
ton. From 1848 to 1855 he filled the chair of physiology and path- 
ology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, and 
in the latter year became Professor of Pathology and Practical Medi- 
cine, holding that position for many years. He was appointed visit- 
ing physician to Bellevue Hospital in the fifties, and was president 
of the medical board and consulting physician to St. Luke's Hospital, 
New York, in 1861; and was consulting physician to the Northeastern 
Dispensary and the Northern Dispensary. He was a member of the 
New York State Medical Society (president, 1852) ; the American 
Medical Association; the New York Medical and Surgical Society; 
the New York Society for the Relief of Widows and Orphans of 
Medical Men; the New York Pathological Society, and the New York 
Academy of Medicine. He was one of the last of a generation of 
remarkable physicians who had a great influence on succeeding medi- 
cal practice and literature. He died in New York, September 
13, 1887. CORNELIUS R. AGNEW BIOGRAPHICAL 
23 
f^ORNELIUS REA AGNEW, of New York, was born in that city 
August 8, 1830. His ancestors were Huguenots, Scotch and 
North Irish. His paternal ancestors left France at the revocation 
of the Edict of Nantes and settled in Ireland, near Belfast, where 
they identified themselves with the Scotch Presbyterian church. John 
Agnew, the grandfather of Cornelius Rea, married a sister of Rev. 
William Stavely, a resident in the north of Ireland, and for several 
years thereafter transacted business in Belfast. He came to America 
in the year 1786, and at first took up his residence in Philadelphia. 
Shortly, however, he returned to New York City, where he settled 
permanently, and became engaged in the tobacco, commission and 
shipping business. He was succeeded by his son William, a native of 
Philadelphia, who had been associated with him as partners several 
years. Grandsons of the founder of this mercantile house continue 
the business to the present day, and occupy premises built adjoining 
the original establishment. William Agnew remained in business 
about sixty years and became a leading merchant of New York. Early 
in life William Agnew married Elizabeth Thomson, a member of an 
old Scotch family which came to America during the year 1771, and 
settled in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. The father of this lady 
was by profession a surveyor, and surveyed the national turnpike 
that was built from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, to Baltimore, Mary- 
land. 
Cornelius R. Agnew, son of William Agnew, was educated in pri- 
vate schools, and prepared for college by William Forest, of New 
York. At the age of fifteen he entered Columbia College, and was 
graduated when eighteen. He began the study of medicine under 
Dr. J. Kearney Rogers, for many years surgeon to the New York 
Hospital and to the New York Eye Infirmary, and also Professor of 
Anatomy in the old College of Physicians and Surgeons, and while 
pursuing his studies entered the New York Hospital as junior walker, 
receiving shortly afterward an appointment as senior walker. In 1852 
he graduated and passed the following year as house surgeon in the 
New York Hospital, of which he became also Curator. In 1854 he 
went to Lake Superior, and for a year practiced his profession. He 
then returned to New York, having been appointed surgeon to the Eye 
and Ear Infirmary in that city, and went to Europe to complete his 
studies to comply with the conditions of the appointment. In Dublin 
he became a resident pupil of the Lying-in Asylum, and also attended 
the clinics given by William Wilde, afterward Sir William Wilde, 
at St. Mark's Eye and Ear Hospital. Subsequently he visited Lon- 
don, and walked its hospitals, observing the practice of William 
Bowman and George Critchett, and attending the clinical lectures of 
William Ferguson. He next visited Paris, where he observed the 
practice of Velpeau and Ricord, of Sichel and Desmarres in diseases 
of the eye, and of Hardy in diseases of the skin. Upon his return, 
in 1855, he established himself in general practice in New York. 
He held his position as surgeon to the New York Eye and Ear In- 
firmary till April, 1864, when his duties on the United States Sanitary 24 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Commission compelled him to resign rather than impose additional 
labor upon his colleagues in that institution. In 1858 he was ap- 
pointed Surgeon-General of the State of New York, by Governor E. 
D. Morgan. At the commencement of the Civil War the same Gov- 
ernor appointed him medical director of the State Volunteer Hos- 
pital, New York, in which position he performed most efficient serv- 
ice. For a long time he had charge of the important trust of obtain- 
ing for the regiments passing through New York to the seat of war 
their medical supplies, being the representative in this work of the 
Surgeon-General of the State of New York. When the famous United 
States Sanitary Commission organized, Drs. Elisha Harris and Cor- 
nelius R. Agnew were unanimously elected members at the first 
meeting, and to the labors of Dr. Agnew no slight share of the success 
which attended the commission is to be attributed. In conjunction 
with Drs. Wolcott Gibbs and William H. Van Buren, Dr. Agnew 
prepared for the quartermaster's department the plans which were 
subsequently carried out in the Judiciary Square Hospital at Wash- 
ington, and were more or less accurately followed in the pavilion hos- 
pital system of the war. Dr. Agnew was one of the four gentlemen 
who founded the Union League Club in New York City, and was 
later one of its vice-presidents. In 1866 he established an ophthalmic 
clinic in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, having been asked 
by its faculty to do so, and in 1869 was elected Clinical Professor 
of Diseases of the Eye and Ear, a position which he held for many 
years. In 1868 he originated the Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital, 
and in 1869 the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital. In 1865 he was 
appointed one of the managers of the New York State Hospital for 
the Insane, Poughkeepsie, was twice reappointed, and held from 
the inception of the undertaking the secretaryship of its executive 
committee. In 1859 he was elected one of the trustees of the public 
schools in New York City, and subsequently was chosen president 
of the board. In 1864 he was chosen one of the associate trustees 
to organize a school of mines in Columbia College, and on February 
2, 1874, was made one of the trustees of Columbia College. 
Dr. Agnew took a deep interest in everything relating to the public 
health, and contributed some papers to the literature on this sub- 
ject. He was secretary of the first society that was organized in 
New York City for sanitary reform, and a member of the committee 
that prepared the first draft of the city health laws. He was also a 
member for many years of the Century Club. In 1872 he was chosen 
president of the Medical Society of the State of New York. He was 
a member of the following scientific societies: Medico-Chirurgical 
Society, of Edinburgh, Scotland; New York Academy of Medicine; 
New York Pathological Society; Medical and Surgical Society of 
New York City; American Ophthalmological Society, of which he 
was for several years president; American Otological Society; New 
York Ophthalmological Society, which he aided in founding; Inter- 
national Ophthalmological Society; International Otological Society; 
Medical Society of the County of New York; New York Academy of BIOGRAPHICAL 
25 
Sciences. He attended the International Medical Congress at the 
Centennial meeting at Philadelphia. As a lecturer Dr. Agnew was 
fluent and practical; as an ophthalmologist he was widely known. 
He contributed useful articles to current medical literature, having 
published a number of brief monographs of which the following may 
be mentioned : "A Contribution to the Surgery of Divergent Squint"; 
"Ophthalmic Notes," consisting of three parts, published in New 
York, in 1874; " Canthoplasty as a Remedy in Certain Diseases of 
the Eye," New York, 1875; "Clinical Contributions to Ophthalmol- 
ogy." Dr. Agnew was married in 1856 to Mary Nash, daughter of 
Lora Nash, of New York, merchant. He died in New York, April 
18, 1888. 
ALFRED LEE (or LEBBEUS) LOOMIS, late of New York, was 
boro October 16, 1831, son of Daniel Loomis, an extensive cotton 
manufacturer and merchant of Bennington, Vermont, and of Eliza 
(Beach) Loomis, a member of one of the oldest families of that 
State. His early education was obtained at Hoosick Falls, and in 
Rochester, New York, after which he entered Union College, Schenec- 
tady, New York, graduating in 1851, receiving the A.M. degree in 
1856. 
He studied medicine under Dr. Willard Parker, of New York, 
and in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in that city, receiving 
his degree of M.D. in 1852. Immediately after graduating he entered 
the hospitals on Blackwell's and Ward's islands as assistant physician. 
He afterwards established himself in New York in general practice, 
but with special attention to diseases of the heart, lungs and kid- 
neys, and during his lifetime was a recognized authority in that 
branch of medical science. In 1859 he was appointed visiting physi- 
cian to Bellevue Hospital, and subsequently visiting physician to 
the Charity Hospital on Blackwell's Island, which latter position he 
held for fifteen years; in 1874 he was appointed visiting physician 
to Mt. Sinai Hospital. In 1862 he was appointed Lecturer on Phys- 
ical Diagnosis in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 
which position he retained three years. For more than thirty years 
Dr. Loomis was connected with the faculty of the University of the 
City of New York, being Adjunct Professor of Pathology and the 
Practice of Medicine, 1864-66, and full professor from the latter year 
until his death. He was a voluminous and valuable contributor to 
medical literature. 
In 1886 Dr. Loomis announced a gift to the medical department 
of the University of $100,000, from an unknown friend, to build and 
equip a new laboratory, the only condition that it should be called 
the Loomis Laboratory; that the giver's name should remain unan- 
nounced, and that the course of study be reorganized and brought 
up to the demands of the day. Dr. Loomis was a member of the 
principal medical societies of America and Europe, and was at one 
time president of the New York Pathological Society, the New York 
State Medical Society (1887), the New York Academy of Medicine 26 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
(1889-92), and the Congress of Physicians and Surgeons, held in 
1894. Dr. Loomis was an enthusiastic champion of the curative prop- 
erties of the Adirondack region in cases of incipient tuberculosis, 
and its value as a prolonger of life in advanced cases. He actively 
opposed the extinction of the forests of this natural sanitarium. He 
was twice married, his first wife being Sarah, daughter of Henry 
Patterson, of Hoosick Falls. She died in 1880. In 1887 he was mar- 
ried to Mrs. John D. Prince, widow of the well known Wall street 
operator. He had two children by his first wife, one of whom, 
Henry P. Loomis, succeeds his father in the profession of medicine. 
Dr. Loomis died of pneumonia at his home in New York, January 23, 
1895, and there is a tablet to his memory in Bellevue Hospital, erected 
by the commissioners of charities and correction, commemorating his 
ability and the great value of his services to the profession and 
to humanity. 
Q AMUEL BROWN WYLIE McLEOD, late of New York City, was 
born at Galway, Saratoga county, New York, February 1, 1831, 
son of John Niel and Margaret Thomson (Wylie) MacLeod, and 
grandson of Rev. Alexander MacLeod, a native of the Island of Mull, 
Scotland, who came to America in 1792, and located at Galway, New 
York, later was pastor for over thirty years of the First Reformed 
Presbyterian Church, New York City; professor in the Reformed 
Presbyterian Seminary, etc., a most gifted pulpit orator. John 
Niel MacLeod was also a pastor, professor, and presided over the 
First Reformed Presbyterian Church forty-four years. Margaret 
Thomson (Wylie) MacLeod was likewise of talented ancestry, her 
father, Rev. Samuel Brown Wylie, D.D., being Professor of Ancient 
Languages in the University of Pennsylvania, and its vice-provost 
for many years. 
S. B. Wylie McLeod (as he wrote his name) was educated in 
classical schools at Philadelphia, and under the direction of his 
grandfather, and at the age of fourteen entered the University of 
Pennsylvania, from which he graduated A.B. in 1849 and A.M. in 
1852. He pursued his professional studies at the College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons, New York, receiving the degree of M.D. in 1852. 
After a year's hospital experience he was surgeon on the steamship 
"United States," plying the Gulf of Mexico, taking advantage of 
the opportunities afforded to make a special study of cholera and 
typhus fever. The years 1854-56 were spent in Europe continuing 
professional studies, with a final location in Paris, where he attended 
lectures by the most famous physicians of the day. During his career 
of over forty-five years he held many hospital appointments, and 
some professorships. He was a member of several scientific and pro- 
fessional societies, and for five terms was president of the New 
York County Medical Association; was president of the Medico- 
Legal Society, and the New York State Medical Association (1893). 
Dr. McLeod married, December 10, 1837, Sarah Boice, daughter 
of John Irving, of New York City, a descendant of many of the BIOGRAPHICAL 
27 
notable families of New York City. They had three sons and two 
daughters. He died in New York, August 23, 1899. 
^HARLES PHELPS was born at Milford, Mass., December 12, 
1834, son of Dr. Thaddeus and Mary (Gould) Phelps. He was 
graduated from Brown University, receiving the degree of A.M. in 
1855. He pursued his professional studies at the College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons (Columbia), graduating M.D. in 1858. 
Settling for practice in New York City, he made a specialty of 
surgery, and was surgeon to Bellevue and St. Vincent's hospitals at 
the time of his death. He held membership in many of the profes- 
sional societies and was president of the New York State Medical 
Association in 1897. His principal work, published in 1890, was 
"Traumatic Injuries to the Brain"; and he was the author of many 
monographs on surgical subjects. Dr. Phelps died December 30, 1913. 
ANDREW HEERMANCE SMITH, late of New York City, was 
born at Charlton, New York, August 27, 1837, son of Archibald 
and Cornelia (Heermance) Smith. He was educated at Ballston 
Spa Institute, Union College, from which he received the degree of 
A.M., College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, from which 
he was graduated with the M.D. degree in 1858; later he pursued 
post-graduate courses at Gottingen and Berlin. 
After a practice extending over some two years, in 1861 he entered 
the army as assistant surgeon, 43rd New York Volunteers; was sur- 
geon of the 94th New York Volunteers in 1862; assistant surgeon, 
United States Army, 1862-68; was made brevet-major, United States 
Army, 1867. He began practice of medicine in New York in 1868. 
He was physician to St. Luke's and Presbyterian hospitals, and sur- 
geon to the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital; was later 
consulting physician to St. Luke's, Presbyterian, St. Mark's, Wom- 
an's, Post-Graduate and Ruptured and Crippled hospitals; was vice- 
president of the Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital; presi- 
dent of the New York Academy of Medicine, 1903-04. He was dele- 
gate to the International Medical Congress, Berlin, 1890, and that 
held in Madrid in 1893; was a corresponding member of the Gesell- 
schaft fur Heilkunde; member of the Academy of Science, Philadel- 
phia; Association of American Physicians; Climatological Associa- 
tion ; Loyal Legion; Sons of the American Revolution. In religion Dr. 
Smith was an Episcopalian and in politics a Republican; and be- 
longed to the Century and Authors clubs. He was the author of 
numerous monographs of interest and value to the profession. Dr. 
Smith married, in 1884, in New York, Jane T. Sheldon. He died 
in 1910. 
O OBERT FULTON WEIR, of New York City, was born in that 
city, February 16, 1838, son of James and Mary A. (Shapter) 
Weir. He was educated at the New York Free Academy, now the 
College of the City of New York, received the A.B. degree in 1854, 28 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
and that of A.M. in 1857. He pursued his professional studies at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia) graduating in 1859 
with the M.D. degree, and being also the prize medalist the same 
year. 
He settled in New York, turning his attention especially to surgery, 
and has been a large contributor to medical literature; also Lecturer 
on Diseases of the Male Pelvic Organs, 1873-80; Lecturer on Surgery, 
1883-84; Professor of Clinical Surgery, 1884-92, Surgery, 1892- 
1903; Clinical Surgery since 1903, at Columbia; attending surgeon 
at New York Hospital, 1876-1900; Roosevelt Hospital, 1900-4. He is 
a member of the New York County Medical Society; of the New 
York Pathological Society, of which he was vice-president in 1876; 
of the New York Medical and Surgical Society, acting as secretary of 
this in 1876; was president of the New York Laryngological Society 
in 1875, and vice-president of the New York Medical Journal Asso- 
ciation. He was president of the American Surgical Association in 
1900, and president of the New York Academy of Medicine the same 
year. He is a member of the Societe de Chirurgie, Paris, and honorary 
fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1909. Dr. Weir has a Civil 
War record as surgeon in charge of the United States Army General 
Hospital, Frederick, Maryland, from 1862 to 1865. He married 
October 8, 1863, Maria Washington, daughter of Robert G. Mc- 
Pherson, Esq., of Virginia, a lineal descendant of Samuel Washing- 
ton, eldest brother of President George Washington. He married 
(second) Mary Badgley Alden, of Albany, New York, on November 
7, 1895. 
AK7ILLIAM T. LUSK, of New York, was born at Norwich, Conn., 
* ' May 23, 1838. He entered Yale, but left on completion of the 
freshman year (honorary A.M. in 1872 and LL.D, in 1894). He 
studied medicine three years in Heidelberg and Berlin (1858-61), then 
returned to America and attended lectures at the Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College, graduating M.D., 1864; subsequently spent a year 
and a half in study in Edinburgh, Paris, Vienna and Prague. 
In 1865 established himself in practice in New York. He was a 
member of the New York County Medical Society; a fellow of the 
New York Academy of Medicine; member of the New York Obstet- 
rical Society (vice-president, 1875) ; member of American Gynaeco- 
logical Society, and a corresponding fellow of the Edinburgh and 
London Obstetrical societies. He was Professor of Physiology in the 
Long Island College Hospital, 1868-71; in 1870-71 Lecturer on Phys- 
iology in Harvard Medical School; also visiting physician to Nursery 
and Children's Hospital and the Charity Hospital; was Professor 
of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, Diseases of Infants and Clin- 
ical Midwifery in Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1871; and 
editor in 1871 of the Neiv York Medical Journal. He was a prolific 
writer on subjects pertaining to his profession. In 1861-62-63 he 
served in the U. S. volunteer army, beginning as a private, and being 
successively commissioned second lieutenant, first lieutenant, captain BIOGRAPHICAL 
29 
and assistant adjutant-general. He was president of the New York 
State Medical Association in 1889. He was twice married (first) in 
May, 1864, to Mary Hartwell, daughter of Simon B. Chittenden, of 
Brooklyn. She died September 13, 1871, leaving two sons and two 
daughters. He married (second) June 14, 1876, Mrs. Matilda 
(Myer) Thorn, of New York, who died in 1892. Dr. Lusk died sud- 
denly in New York City, June 12, 1897. 
TAANIEL BENNETT ST. JOHN ROOSA, late of New York, 
was born in Bethel, New York, April 4, 1838, and was descended 
from Dutch, French, and English settlers in New York State, during 
the early part of the colonial period. His parents were Charles Baker 
and Amelia Elmer (Foster) Roosa. One of his great-grandparents 
was Isaac A. Roosa, a captain in the Continental Army during the 
War of the Revolution. 
Dr. Roosa was educated at academies in Monticello, New York, and 
Honesdale, Pennsylvania, and under private tutors in Boston, Massa- 
chusetts. He entered Yale College in 1856, and withdrew on account 
of ill health, but afterwards received the degree of A.M. from this 
college, and that of LL.D, from the University of Vermont. He took 
a special course in chemistry under Prof. John W. Draper in the 
University of the City of New York, from which he graduated in 
medicine in 1860. He was admitted by examination to the New 
York Hospital as junior walker in the surgical division, serving for 
eight months, then as senior walker for five months, and as house 
surgeon for eight months. For three months in 1861 he served in 
the field as assistant surgeon to the 5th New York Volunteers. On 
leaving the hospital in 1862, he spent a year in study, especially of 
ophthalmology and otology, in Berlin and Vienna, under Von Graef, 
Kramer, Arlt and Jaeger. In 1863 he returned and served in the field 
as surgeon of the 12th Regiment National Guard of New York, under 
the special call for thirty day troops. He entered upon general prac- 
tice in the autumn of 1863, but in a year or two devoted himself 
exclusively to diseases of the eye and ear. 
He was Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology in the University 
of the City of New York from 1866 for many years, and also held 
the same chair in the University of Vermont for some time; was 
president of the New York Post-Graduate Medical School, and Pro- 
fessor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear. He was a member and for 
two years president of the American Otological Society; president of 
the International Otological Society; member of the American Oph- 
thalmological Society; member of the New York County Medical 
Society; corresponding member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of 
Edinburgh; he was a member and president of the New York Acad- 
emy of Medicine, 1893-94. With Drs. Hackley and Bull he trans- 
lated "Stellwag on the Eye"; singly translated "Von Troltsch on 
the Ear"; and was the author of a successful treatise on "The 
Ear" that has passed through three editions. Among his later works 
may be mentioned "The Old Hospital and Other Papers," 1886; 30 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
"A Pocket Medical Lexicon," 1887; "Treatise on the Eye," 1894; 
"A Doctor's Suggestions," "On the Necessity of Wearing Glasses," 
"Defective Eyesight," 1899; "The Ear, Nose and Pharynx" (with 
Dr. Beaman Douglass). He married, May 8, 1862, Mary Hoyt, daugh- 
ter of Stephen M. Blake, of New York. Dr. Roosa died in 1908. 
QAMUEL BALDWIN WARD was born in New York City, June 8, 
1842. He was of English ancestry. He entered Columbia College 
at the age of fifteen, and graduated in 1861, with third honor. He 
studied medicine under Dr. Willard Parker, then entered the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, and in 1862 he 
entered the United States service as a medical cadet. In 1863 he 
was commissioned assistant surgeon, United States Volunteers. At 
the close of the war he sailed for Europe for further medical study. 
On his return, Dr. Ward began the practice in the city of his birth, 
and was soon chosen a Professor of Anatomy, and afterward of sur- 
gery in the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary. 
In 1872 he was elected assistant surgeon of the 7th regiment, N.G.S. 
N.Y., with the rank of captain. In 1876 he settled in Albany. He was 
chosen Professor of Surgical Pathology and Operative Surgery in the 
Albany Medical College, and Attending Surgeon to the Albany City 
Hospital and St. Peter's Hospital. He was a member of the Board 
of Health of the city, one of the civil service examiners for State 
medical officials; repeatedly a delegate to the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, and was Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine 
in the Albany Medical College; member of the Albany County Med- 
ical Society. He was president of the State Medical Society in 1888. 
Dr. Ward was trustee and vice-president of the Dudley Observatory, 
a trustee of the Albany Female Academy, president of the State 
Board of Survey, and a member of the Fort Orange Club, the Camera 
Club, and the American Climatological Association. In 1864 he re- 
ceived the degree of A.M. in course from Columbia College, and in 
1882 that of Ph.D. ex honore from Union University. Dr. Ward 
contributed valuable articles to the literature of his profession. In 
1871 Dr. Ward married Nina, a daughter of William A. Wheeler, 
of New York City. She died in 1883, leaving three children. He 
died June 3, 1915. 
HARLES JEWETT was born at Bath, Maine, September 27, 
1842, son of George and Sarah (Hale) Jewett. He was educated 
in the public schools of his native place, the Bath High School and 
Bowdoin College, graduating in 1864, and receiving the degree of 
A.M. in 1867 and that of Sc.D. in 1894. He taught physical sciences 
a few years after his graduation, at Cooperstown Seminary and 
Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, and in 1868 commenced his professional 
studies at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, where 
he was graduated M.D. in 1871. He commenced practice in Brook- 
lyn, in the same year, remaining there until his death. 
He was Professor of Obstetrics in the Long Island College Hos- BIOGRAPHICAL 
31 
pital, 1880-98; from 1898 until his death, Professor of Gynecology 
and Obstetrics, and Gynecological Surgeon. He was consulting ob- 
stetrician of Kings County Hospital from 1893, and consulting gyne- 
cologist of Bushwick and Swedish hospitals; consulting surgeon of 
St. Christopher's Hospital; trustee of Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hos- 
pital from 1887; member of Kings County Medical Society, president, 
1877-80; Brooklyn Pathological Society; British Gynecological So- 
ciety; Brooklyn Gynecological Society, president in 1893; New York 
Obstetrical Society, president in 1894; New York Academy of Med- 
icine; Medical Society of the State of New York, president in 1910; 
American Gynecological Society; American Academy of Medicine; 
Medical Association of Greater New York, and many others. Dr. 
Jewett performed the first symphyseotomy in America, and fifteen 
cases of Caesarian section. He also made many valuable literary 
contributions to professional journals and periodicals. He was mar- 
ried in 1868 to Abbie E. Flagg, of New Hampshire, who is now de- 
ceased. Dr. Jewett died August 6, 1910. 
T^REDERIC C. CURTIS was born at Unionville, South Carolina, 
1 October 19, 1843, of New England parentage. He entered Beloit 
(Wisconsin) College, graduating in 1866, and in 1869 was awarded 
the degree of M.A. In 1864 he entered the army as a private in the 
41st Wisconsin Regiment, of which Company B was chiefly composed 
of Beloit College students. 
After completing his college course, Mr. Curtis began the study of 
medicine at the University of Michigan, and completed it at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, from which he 
received his degree of M.D., and subsequently pursued his medical 
studies for a year in Vienna. In 1872 he began active practice 
in Albany, New York, in partnership with Dr. W. H. Bailey. He 
became a member of the Medical Society of the State of New York 
the same year, and was secretary in 1889. In 1883 he became a 
member of the American Public Health Association. He has filled a 
number of important positions; was appointed physician to the 
Albany Hospital Dispensary in 1872; a member of the medical staff 
of St. Peter's Hospital in 1874; of the medical staff of the Albany 
Hospital in 1876; lecturer in the summer course of the Albany Med- 
ical College in 1877; Professor of Dermatology in the college in 
1880. In 1907 he became president of the Medical Society of the 
State of New York. In 1884 Dr. Curtis was married to Charlotte E. 
Bancroft, a daughter of Royal Bancroft, of Albany. He has given 
a number of valuable contributions to current medical literature. 
tWERARD D. FERGUSON, late of Troy, New York, was born in 
Moscow, New York, in 1843, son of Smith and Emily F. Fergu- 
son. After preliminary education he entered Bellevue Medical Col- 
lege, graduating with the degree of M.D. in 1868, and settled in the 
city of Troy for general practice. He was attending surgeon to 
Samaritan Hospital, Troy, for many years. He was a member of 32 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
the American Medical Association, and the New York State Medical 
Association of which he was president in 1900. He married, January 
1, 1865, Marian A. Farley. He died in Troy, in 1906. 
T OSEPH DECATUR BRYANT, late of New York City, was born 
March 12, 1845, in Walworth county, Wis., son of Alonzo and 
Harriet (Adkins) Bryant. He was educated at the Norwich (New 
York) Academy, and graduated M.D. from Bellevue Hospital Medical 
College in 1868, receiving the degree of LL.D, from New York Uni- 
versity in 1908. He was an interne of the Bellevue Hospital service, 
1869-71; Lecturer on Surgical Anatomy at the Bellevue Hospital Med- 
ical College, 1872-73-74; Assistant Demonstrator in Anatomy, 1875- 
77; Professor of General Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy, 1877-83; 
Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, 1883-95, in Bellevue Hos- 
pital Medical College; Professor of Principles and Practices of Sur- 
gery, Operative and Clinical Surgery, University, and Bellevue Hos- 
pital Medical College, 1898, until his death; sanitary inspector New 
York Health Department, 1873-79; commissioner, 1877-93; commis- 
sioner to New York State Board of Health, 1887-93; surgeon to 71st 
Regiment, N.Y.N.G., 1873-82; surgeon-general N.Y.N.G., 1882-94; 
was on staffs of Governors Cleveland, Hill and Flower. He was at- 
tending surgeon to the West Side Dispensary, 1872-75; Bureau of 
Medical and Surgical Relief, 1874-80 (consulting surgeon, 1882) ; 
visiting physician to Charity Hospital, 1881-82, Bellevue Hospital, 
1882 until his death; consulting surgeon, New York City Insane 
Asylum, from 1882; visiting surgeon to St. Vincent's Hospital, from 
1887; consulting surgeon to Northwestern Dispensary, Hospital for 
Ruptured and Crippled, Woman's Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital 
(Yonkers), and Hackensack Hospital; was personal friend and physi- 
cian to Grover Cleveland and family; fellow of the American Sur- 
gical Association; member of the International Society of Surgeons; 
president of the American Medical Association, 1907-08; New York 
State Medical Association, 1898; New York State Medical Society, 
1906; New York Academy of Medicine, 1895-6, He was the author 
of many monographs and also of a work on "Operative Surgery," 
two volumes, 4th edition, and Bryant and Buck's "American Sys- 
tem of Surgery," in 8 vols. Dr. Bryant died April 7, 1914. 
T EWIS STEPHEN PILCHER was born in Adrian, Michigan, 
July 28, 1845, son of Elijah H. and Phebe M. (Fisk) Pilcher. He 
was graduated from the University of Michigan with the A.B. degree 
in 1862; received the degree of A.M. in 1863, that of M.D. in 1866, 
and LL.D, in 1900, from his alma mater; he also received the honorary 
degree of LL.D, from Dickinson College in 1900. 
He enlisted in the United States army and was appointed hospital 
steward, serving 1864-65; was medical officer in the United States 
naval service, 1867-72. He was Adjunct Professor of Anatomy in 
Long Island College Hospital, 1879-83; Professor of Surgery in the 
New York Post-Graduate Medical School, 1885-96; surgeon to Metho- BIOGRAPHICAL 
33 
dist Episcopal Hospital, 1887-97; to German Hospital, Brooklyn, 
1900-08; and to Pilcher Private Hospital since 1910. He has been 
consulting surgeon to German, Jewish, Norwegian, and St. John's 
hospitals, Brooklyn; and the Skin and Cancer Hospital, New York. 
He is a fellow of the American Surgical Association; associate fellow 
of the College of Physicians, Philadelphia; honorary member of the 
New York Surgical Society and Philadelphia Academy of Surgery; 
member of Brooklyn Surgical Society, Societe Internationale de Chi- 
rurgie; honorary fellow, American College of Surgeons; was Surgeon- 
General of the G. A. R. in 1915, Commander of Department of 
New York, 1918, and is a member of the Loyal Legion. Dr. Pilcher 
has been editor of the "Annals of Surgery," since 1885. He is a 
member of the New York State Medical Society, and was president 
of that body in 1892. He has made valuable contributions to the 
literature of his profession and also collaborated on works of author- 
ity in regard to his special branch. Dr. Pilcher married, June 22, 
1870, Martha S. Phillips, of Brooklyn. 
f^EORGE HENRY FOX was born at Ballston Spa, New York, 
October 8, 1846, son of Rev. Norman and Jane (Freeman) Fox. 
He received his preparatory education in the Satterlee Collegiate 
Institute, and entered the University of Rochester in 1863. In 1864 
he enlisted in the 77th New York Volunteers, and after eight months' 
service returned to college, graduating in 1867 with the degree of 
A.B., receiving the A.M. degree in 1870. In 1869 he obtained his 
medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania, and was ap- 
pointed surgeon to the Philadelphia Hospital. Going abroad in 1870, 
he studied medicine for three years in the Universities of Berlin, 
Vienna, Paris and London. 
He began practice in New York City in 1874, and in 1875 became 
surgeon to the New York Dispensary. In 1877 he was appointed 
Clinical Professor of Diseases of the Skin in the Woman's Medical 
College of the New York Infirmary, and in 1879 Clinical Professor 
of Dermatology at Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. In 
1880 he became Clinical Professor of Skin Diseases in the New York 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, and in 1904 Professor of Derma- 
tology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons; in 1890-95 was 
Professor of Skin Diseases in the Post-Graduate Medical School; Con- 
sulting Dermatologist, New York Board of Health. He was president 
of the New York County Medical Society, 1892; New York State 
Medical Society, 1894; and is a member of the American Dermatolog- 
ical Association, American Academy of Medicine, the University Club, 
the Psi Upsilon, Nassau Country Club. He is the author of many 
valuable works bearing upon his special subject. He married August 
29, 1872, Harriet Gibbs. 
J OHN ORLANDO ROE, son of Stephen Smith and Huldah Soph- 
J ronia (Randall) Roe, was born at Patchogue, Long Island, N. Y., 
February 3, 1849. He graduated from the University of Michigan 34 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
in 1870, with the degrees of Ph.D. and M.D., receiving the latter de- 
gree also from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 
1871. The honorary degree of LL.D, was conferred upon him by the 
University of Michigan, in 1913. 
Dr. Roe commenced practice in Rochester, New York, in 1873, and 
so continued until his death, specializing in laryngology, rhinology 
and otology. He was a fellow of the American College of Surgeons; 
member of the American Medical Association; American Climatolog- 
ical Association; American Laryngological Association; American 
Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society; Congress of 
American Physicians and Surgeons; Clinical Congress of Surgeons 
of North America, etc.; was president of the New York State Medical 
Society, in 1898; member of the Central New York Medical Associa- 
tion, Monroe County Medical Society, Rochester Academy of Medi- 
cine, Rochester Pathological Society, and of the Society of the Gene- 
see. His clubs were the University, Genesee Valley and Country. He 
was contributor of many valuable articles to the medical journals 
and reports bearing upon his branch of the profession. He married, 
February 12, 1895, Jennie E. Pomeroy, of Troy, New York. He died 
in Rochester, December 24, 1915. 
A BEL MIX PHELPS, son of Algernon Sidney and Eliza Ann 
(Thomas) Phelps, was horn at Alburg Springs, Vermont, Jan- 
uary 27, 1851, of Pilgrim ancestry. After a course at the local acad- 
emy he entered the University of Michigan, graduating M.D. in 1873. 
In 1880 he went abroad for advanced study, and also delivered a num- 
ber of lectures before German clinics. 
On his return he was appointed Professor of Orthopedic Surgery 
in the University of Vermont and the University of New York, being 
advanced to the chair of general surgery in the former, and also 
served in the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital 
from 1887 until his death. He founded the orthopedic department of 
the latter, and established the summer home and hospital for crippled 
children at Englewood, New Jersey, called the Daisy Fields Hospital, 
of which he was surgeon-in-chief. For many years he was surgeon of 
the New York Hospital. He was president of the American Orthope- 
dic, 1894; president of the New York State Medical Society, 1900; 
and delegate from that body to the Eighth International Medical 
Congress in 1884. He was a member of the Lotos, the American Yacht 
and the Fairfield County Golf Clubs; the American Society for the 
Advancement of Science, the New York Academy of Medicine, and 
the New York County Medical Society. He was an ingenious in- 
ventor, and contributed greatly to the advancement of his profession. 
He married, July 3, 1895. Cornelia Baker, daughter of James Hall 
Bedell. He died in New York, October 6, 1902. 
A LGERNON THOMAS BRISTOW was born at Richmond, Eng- 
land, November 26, 1851, son of Isaac and Charlotte (Andrews) 
Bristow. He graduated from Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1869; BIOGRAPHICAL 
35 
from Yale College, A.B., in 1873. His professional training was 
obtained from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which 
he received the degree of M.D. in 1876. He was surgeon in the 
Long Island College Hospital, Kings County Hospital and St. John's; 
Consulting Surgeon to Bushwick Central and Long Island State hos- 
pitals; Clinical Professor of Surgery at the Long Island College 
Hospital. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Medicine, 
New York Academy of Medicine; member of the New York State 
Medical Society (president in 1903) ; Brooklyn Medical Society; 
Brooklyn Surgical and Pathological societies. His clubs were the 
Hamilton and the University. He was a contributor of note to cur- 
rent medical literature. He married, June 17, 1891, Emeline Ash- 
mead, of Haverford, Pennsylvania. Dr. Bristow died March 26, 
1917. 
13 OSWELL PARK, JR., was born in Pomfret, Conn., May 4, 1852, 
1 v son of Roswell and Mary Brewster (Baldwin) Park, both of dis- 
tinguished ancestry. He was one of five children and until his eigh- 
teenth year was trained by his father as a private pupil. He was 
graduated with honors at Racine College in 1872, and the next year 
entered the Chicago Medical College, graduating M.D. in 1876, with 
the highest honors of his class, and at the same time received the 
degree of M.A. from Racine; received the honorary degree of M.D. 
from Lake Forest College, in 1892; that of A.M., from Harvard in 
1895, and LL.D, from Yale in 1902. 
Soon after graduation he was appointed resident physician in the 
Mercy Hospital, Chicago, and worked there and in the Cook County 
Hospital with great success; was next appointed assistant surgeon in 
the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, where he remained seven years. 
In 1877 he was made Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Women's 
Medical College in Chicago, and also in the Chicago Medical Col- 
lege, where he served until 1882; in 1878 physician to the Chicago 
Orphan Asylum; in 1881 Consulting and Acting Attending Sur- 
geon to the Michael Reese Hospital; in 1882 Lecturer on Surgery in 
the Rush Medical College, and other appointments in a number of 
surgical institutions and dispensaries. In 1882 he went to Europe 
to study surgery in the great hospitals, and in 1883 became Pro- 
fessor of Surgery in the medical department of the University of 
Buffalo, and surgeon to the Buffalo General Hospital. Dr. Park 
was for two years president of the Chicago Electrical Society; was 
a member of the Congress of American Surgeons; a fellow of the 
American Surgical Association; a member of the American Asso- 
ciation of Genito-Urinary Surgeons; the American Orthopaedic As- 
sociation; the New York Academy of Medicine; the New York State 
Medical Society, of which he was president in 1895. He had a na- 
tional reputation in the field of surgery and was widely known as 
a lecturer. He attended President McKinley after he was shot in 
1901. His contributions to medical literature were many and val- 
uable and he also served in an editorial capacity. He married, in 36 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
1880, Martha Prudence, daughter of Julius R. Durkee, of Brooklyn 
He died February 15, 1914. 
ly'ENDELL CHRISTOPHER PHILLIPS was born at Hammond, 
' ' New York, June 9, 1857, son of Samuel and Mary S. (Merrill) 
Phillips. He was graduated from the medical department of the 
New York University with the degree of M.D., in 1882, and after 
graduation engaged in practice, specializing as an aurist and laryngol- 
ogist. He has been Professor of Diseases of the Ear in the New 
York Post-Graduate Medical School since 1899, and is Aural Surgeon 
of the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital. He is a member of the 
American Medical Association, the New York State Medical Society 
(president, 1911) ; the New York County Medical Society; the New 
York Academy of Medicine; the American Laryngological, Rhinolog- 
ical and Otological Society (president, 1907) ; the American Otolog- 
ical Society; New York Otological Society; Physicians' Mutual Aid 
Association; and is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. 
He is a Republican in political belief, and a Baptist in religion; his 
clubs are: The Republican, Chippewa Bay Yacht, and Dunwoodie 
Country. Dr. Phillips married, at Newport, Rhode Island, in 1889, 
Lucia M. Taggart. 
XVALTER BELKNAP JAMES, of New York City, was born at 
* ' Baltimore, Maryland, May 11, 1858, son of Henry and Amelia 
(Cate) James. He was graduated at Yale College, in 1879, with the 
Bachelor's degree, and pursued his professional studies at the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia), receiving from that institu- 
tion the degree of M.D. in 1883. In 1904 Columbia College conferred 
upon him the honorary degree of LL.D., and he was the recipient of 
the Master's degree from Yale in 1906. 
Immediately upon his graduation he settled in New York City. 
Among the various positions he has ably filled are: Clinical Lecturer 
on Medicine, 1889-97; Instructor in General Diagnosis, 1897-1900; 
Medical Diagnosis, 1900-01; Lecturer on the Practice of Medicine, 
1901-02; Professor, 1902-04; Bard Professor, 1904-09; Professor of 
Clinical Medicine, 1909, to the present time; member of the Univer- 
sity Council, 1903, to the present time, all the foregoing in con- 
nection with Columbia University. He was visiting physician to 
the Presbyterian Hospital, 1904-09; consulting physician to Bellevue 
Hospital, Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled; member of the New 
York Academy of Medicine, of which he was president, 1913-16; 
New York County Medical Society, and the Practitioners' Society. 
His clubs are the Century, University, etc. Dr. James married, in 
1894, Helen G. Jennings, of New York. 
YVillis GGSS MACDONALD, son of Sylvester M. Macdonald, 
' was born at Cobleskill, New York, April 11, 1863. He was 
graduated from the Cobleskill Free Academy in 1878, and later from 
the New York State Normal School. He pursued higher studies at BIOGRAPHICAL 
37 
Cornell University, and entered the Albany Medical College, finishing 
at that institution in 1887. In 1889-90 he was a student in the med- 
ical department of the University of Berlin. He was appointed resi- 
dent surgeon (1887) and surgeon (1891) in the Albany Hospital; 
Lecturer on Surgery (1892), Adjunct Professor of Surgery (1895), 
Albany Medical College; surgeon in Albany Hospital (1896); Pro- 
fessor of Abdominal Surgery and Gynecology, Albany Medical Col- 
lege (1900) ; major and surgeon, United States Volunteers, 1898, and 
in charge of surgical division of depot hospital at Fort McPherson, 
Georgia, during the Spanish-American War; member of the New 
York State Tuberculosis Commission; president of the board of trus- 
tees of the New York State Hospital for Treatment of Incipient Pul- 
monary Tuberculosis; member of the Pan-American Medical Con- 
gress; 10th, 11th and 12th International Medical Congresses; Amer- 
ican Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; American Sur- 
gical Association; American Medical Association; Southern Surgical 
and Gynaecological Association; New York State Medical Society 
(president in 1899) ; Albany Historical Society. He was a valuable 
contributor to surgical journals. 
IX/f ARTIN BUEL TINKER was born in Granville, Massachusetts, 
March 17, 1869, a son of Martin Phelps and Margaret Maritta 
(Smith) Tinker. He pursued his professional studies at Jefferson 
Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he received the degree of 
M.D. in 1893. He received the degree of S.B. from Harvard Univer- 
sity in 1895, and the honorary degree of M.D. from the University of 
Berlin in 1899. He was Assistant in Physiology and Hygiene at 
Harvard, 1894-96; Demonstrator in Surgery and Anatomy at Jeffer- 
son Medical College, 1897-1900; Resident Surgeon to Johns Hopkins 
Hospital, 1900-03; Lecturer on Surgery, 1900-08, Assistant Professor 
of Surgery, 1908-10, at Cornell University. He is a member of the 
American Medical Association, American Academy of Medicine, New 
York State Medical Society, of which he was president in 1916; 
American Association for the Advancement of Science; the Deutsche 
Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie; fellow of the American College of Sur- 
geons ; member of the Sigma Chi Iota Nu Sigma Nu. His clubs are 
the Town and Gown, Country, and the University. In religion he 
is a Congregationalist, and in politics a Republican. Dr. Tinker mar- 
ried, May 4, 1905, Ethel Louise Bates, of Lima, New York. 
ROBERT TUTTLE MORRIS, M.D., eminent surgeon of New York 
City, Professor of Surgery in the New York Post-Graduate Med- 
ical College since 1898, and consulting surgeon to a number of hos- 
pitals, was president of the American Association of Obstetricians 
and Gynecologists, in 1907, and is an author of note. Of exalted 
principles and fine nature, Dr. Morris exemplifies the noblest quali- 
ties of his profession, and of that sterling manhood which alone is 
the enduring foundation for high achievement. 
Robert Tuttle Morris was born in Seymour, Connecticut, May 14, 38 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
1857, a son of Luzon Burritt and Eugenia Laura (Tuttle) Morris. 
His parents traced their ancestry to the first settlement of Connecti- 
cut, and his father, Luzon Burritt Morris, was for a number of years 
Governor of that State, while his mother was a well known author, 
writing under the pen name of E. L. M. 
Robert T. Morris received a liberal classical education at the Hop- 
kins Grammar School, New Haven, Connecticut, and for three years 
pursued a course in Biology at Cornell University, from 1876 to 
1879. He entered upon the study of medicine at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York, graduating in 1882 with the 
degree of Doctor of Medicine. From the time of his graduation until 
1885, Dr. Morris practiced his profession in various clinics, part of the 
time in Europe, and for two years of this time was connected with 
Bellevue Hospital as a member of the house staff. In 1885 he estab- 
lished his office for private practice in the City of New York at No. 
173 Fifth Avenue, and during the course of his career has acquired a 
foremost position in the ranks of surgeons of the City. Dr. Morris 
is Professor of Surgery in the New York Post-Graduate Medical Col- 
lege, which connection began in 1898, visiting surgeon to the Post- 
Graduate Hospital, and consulting surgeon to a number of hos- 
pitals. 
Dr. Morris is a member of many of the leading medical associations. 
In 1907 he was president of the American Association of Obstetricians 
and Gynecologists, and is a fellow of the New York Academy of 
Mledicine. He holds membership in the American Association of 
Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Medical Association, 
the New York State and County Medical societies, the Bellevue Hos- 
pital Alumni Association, the Southern Surgical Association, the 
Surgical Society of New York, the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons' Alumni Association, the Psysicians' Mutual Aid Association, 
the New York Medical Union; also in the following: American Geo- 
graphical Society, American Fisheries Society, Linnean Society of 
Natural History, American Forestry Association, Northern Nut Grow- 
ers' Association, Sons of the Revolution, New England Society, Cor- 
nell Alumni Association; and belongs to the Metropolitan, Cornell 
University, Alpha Delta Phi, and Camp Fire clubs. 
Dr. Morris has devoted much of his time to the field of medical 
research, and has written and published from time to time monographs 
on the results of his investigations. Various of his works have been 
adopted by the medical fraternities as text books for students. In 
1886 Dr. Morris issued a treatise entitled "How We Treat Wounds 
To-day" (Putnams) which earned for its author enviable commenda- 
tion. In 1895 he published "Lectures on Appendicitis," while his 
report upon the nature of appendicitis delivered at the meeting of the 
Pan-American Medical Congress in 1893 has commanded attention 
both at home and abroad. In 1910 he published ' ' The Fourth Era in 
Surgery" (Saunders). Dr. Morris has also contributed to medical 
literature numerous papers, of which the following are selected for 
citation: BIOGRAPHICAL 
39 
"Pott's Fracture Compared with Fracture 
of the Fibula by Inversion of the Foot" (N. Y. Med. Jnl., Dec., 1887); "The 
Anatomy and Mechanism of the Injury Known as Subluxation of the Head of 
the Radius" (N. Y. Med. Jnl., June, 1889); "A Method for Palpation of the 
Kidneys" (Trans, of the A. A. O. G., 1891); "Malignant Disease of the Navel 
as a Secondary Complication" (Trans, of the International Med. Cong., 1890); 
"The Prevention of Secondary Peritoneal Adhesions by Means of an Aristol 
Film" (Trans, of the A. A. O. G., 1891); "Intravenous Injections of Methyl 
Violet" (Med. Mirror, 1891); "The Removal of Carious and Necrotic Bone by 
Means of Hydrochloric Acid and Pepsin" (Trans, of the Southern Surg. and Gyn. 
Assoc., 1891); "A Report on Experiments Germane to the Subject of Abdominal 
Supporters After Laparotomy" (Trans, of the Amer. Med. Assoc., 1891); "Is 
Evolution Trying to do Away with the Clitoris?" (Trans, of the A. A. O. G., 
1892); "The Action of Trypsin, Pancreatic Extract and Pepsin upon Coagula 
and Sloughs" (Trans, of the N. Y. State Med. Soc., 1891); "Hypertrophy of 
the Prostate Gland, Operation For" (N. Y. Med. Jnl., 1890); "Mallet Finger" 
(Trans, of the Pan-Amer. Med. Cong., 1893); "Removal of Fistulous Pipes After 
Distension with Plaster of Paris" (N. Eng. Med. Monthly, 1891); "Infective 
Appendicitis; An Original Investigation" (Trans, of the Pan-Amer. Med. Cong., 
1893); "The Dowel Pin in Fracture of the Clavicle" (Post-Graduate, 1892); 
* ' The Experimental Production of Illeal Intussusception with Carbonate of 
Sodium" (Med. Rec., 1894); "Ovarian Grafting" (Med. Rec., 1901); "Ex- 
periments with Cargile Membrane" (Med. Rec., 1902); "General Enteroptosis, 
Operations For" (Med. News, 1902); "Endoscopic Tubes for Direct Inspec- 
tion of the Interior of the Uterus and Bladder" (Trans, of the A. A. O. G., 
1893). 
Of non-medical works, Dr. Morris is the author of "Hopkins' 
Pond," issued in 1896, dealing with stories of the field and natural 
history subjects. In 1915 he published "Microbes and Men," "A Sur- 
geon's Philosophy" and "Doctors versus Folks" (Doubleday, Page 
& Company). In 1891 the honorary degree of Master of Arts was con- 
ferred upon Dr. Morris by Centre College, Kentucky. 
Dr. Morris, on June 4, 1898, married Mrs. Aimee (Reynaud) Mazer- 
gue, daughter of Gustav Reynaud, of New York City. Dr. Morris 
now maintains his office at No. 616 Madison Avenue, New York City. 
TA R. NEWTON MELMAN SHAFFER, who for upwards of half 
a century has been identified with General and Orthopaedic 
hospitals, who has been Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, first in the 
New York University Medical College and then in the Cornell Med- 
ical College, of which he is now Professor Emeritus, who organized 
the first New York Orthopaedic Society, and was one of the founders 
and first president of the American Orthopaedic Association, may 
well be styled the Dean of Orthopaedic Surgery in America. His 
distinguished career is a striking example of success won by long and 
continuous labor on complicated problems in a comparatively unex- 
plored field of scientific inquiry when directed by a disciplined mind 
under the stimulus of an ingenious inventive faculty.* 
The founder of the American branch of Dr. Shaffer's family was 
William Shaffer, who came from Holland and settled in 1760 upon 
Manhattan Island, where he established one of the earliest paper mills. 
* By Henry W. Harden, A.M., LL.B., sometime Professor of Law at Cornell 
University, late Professor of Law at Columbia University. 40 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
After an active career in New York City he removed to Spottswood, 
New Jersey. His son and namesake, William Shaffer, Jr., was born 
in White Street, New York City. The son of William Shaffer, Jr., 
Rev. James Newton Shaffer, father of Dr. Shaffer, born in Green- 
wich, Connecticut, December 21, 1811, had a long career of distinc- 
tion as a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal church. On his 
mother's side Dr. Shaffer inherits both Dutch and English blood. His 
maternal grandfather, Major Lewis Hale, of Ulster county, New 
York, married Catherine Melman, descendant of a former resident of 
Holland. Dr. Shaffer got the staunch blood of the Newtons and his 
baptizmal name from his paternal grandmother. 
Dr. Shaffer was born in Kinderhook, New York, February 14, 1846. 
As the son of a Methodist clergyman he had to adjust himself every 
two years to a new environment, an experience not without its influ- 
ence upon the development of character. He attended the public 
schools in his early boyhood, was a student for two years at Claver- 
ack College, and entered the New York Free Academy, now the 
College of the City of New York, as a graduate from Ward School 
No. 44 in 1862, in which year his father had been transferred from 
Claverack to duty at the Ladies Home Missionary Society of the Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church at the Five Points in New York City, the 
celebrated Five Points Mission. This was during the Civil War, and 
the Five Points was at the height of its fame as the resort of the 
criminal classes and the home of degradation and poverty. It was 
here, in his sixteenth year, that Dr. Shaffer began his battle of life. 
Coming from a simple country community in Columbia county, he 
was confronted by the complex conditions in the most turbulent part 
of a great city at a time of unusual excitement. The lessons of life 
learned by him as a boy in these surroundings could not fail to have 
a lasting effect. 
While still a student at the Free Academy and a resident at the 
Five Points Mission, his future career was determined by a fortunate 
accident. He learned by chance that Dr. Knight was inquiring for 
a young man to undertake the duties of clerk and apprentice in the 
projected New York Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled. It 
was an opportunity to study medicine and to earn a salary of $400 
per year. The seventeen-year-old boy applied for the position and 
secured it, and entered upon his duties the day the hospital opened 
its doors, May 1, 1863. 
Beginning his study of medicine in this way he continued to live 
with his parents at the Mission House at the Five Points, where sub- 
sequently, at the age of eighteen, he opened a dispensary and devoted 
his evenings to the treatment of the poor and squalid inhabitants of 
this benighted region. In performing this duty he visited in his 
professional capacity, while still an undergraduate, the haunts of 
sin, misery and crime, going unmolested where no policeman dared to 
go alone, and was welcomed everywhere. It was an experience 
crowded with thrilling incidents. Two years later, in 1865, he was 
invited to become a resident of the hospital, then located at Second BIOGRAPHICAL 
41 
Avenue and Sixth Street, where before graduation he performed the 
duties of a resident physician. He matriculated in the New York 
University Medical College in 1865, took his degree with honor in 
1867, and was then duly appointed as the assistant resident physician 
of the hospital. 
His duties in the hospital, both before and after graduation, in- 
cluded, among other things, the supervision of the mechanical depart- 
ment of the dispensary and hospital, the compounding of the ordi- 
nary remedies used in the hospital, the making and compiling of all 
the clerical and clinical records, the administration of ether for minor 
operations, the preliminary examination of patients, the prescribing 
for the numerous ordinary ailments of the in- and out-door patients, 
and operating upon club foot and other minor surgical operations. 
He was also the out-door physician, visiting patients unable to come 
to the dispensary. This work took him during the afternoons through- 
out the tenement districts, especially of the lower east side of the 
city, and thus early in life he acquired a practical knowledge of the 
problems of tenement house life, far more accurate and useful than 
the theoretical deductions of the closet student. In the performance 
of this fine work he contracted smallpox and typhoid fever. 
After five years of this work, Dr. Shaffer felt that to realize the 
hopes of his professional future he needed an experience in general 
medical and surgical practice not afforded by the work of a special 
hospital. For this purpose he resigned his position in November, 1868. 
A physician beginning general practice requires money for rent 
and clothes and professional equipment, and at that time he had been 
able to save less than $100. With this, augmented by a loan of $1,500 
made by a generous lady who was impressed by his unusual energy, 
he joined his brother, Edward L. Shaffer, in establishing a drug store. 
There for three years he compounded drugs and during the intervals 
pursued his studies, and was friend and physician to the many cus- 
tomers of the pharmacy. Then the brothers sold out, and on closing 
their accounts divided about $5,000 profit. 
Dr. Shaffer, fortified with a knowledge of business methods, an 
acquaintance with drugs and their preparation, and a very unusual 
medical and surgical experience, was appointed in 1870 as Assistant 
Surgeon to the New York Orthopaedic Dispensary and Hospital. 
The offer of the position came to him very unexpectedly from Dr. 
Charles Fayette Taylor, the famous Orthopaedic surgeon, at the 
suggestion of Theodore Roosevelt, the father of the ex-President, and 
of Howard Potter, co-founders of the New York Orthopaedic Dis- 
pensary and Hospital. He entered upon his new duties in April, 1870. 
In a few months he was made the Senior Assistant Surgeon with full 
power to conduct the work. In 1872 he was appointed Orthopaedic 
Surgeon to St. Luke's Hospital with a continuous daily service. This 
position wTas created for him and was the first of the kind in the his- 
tory of Orthopaedic Surgery. In 1888, after sixteen years of active 
service in St. Luke's, he resigned, and the board of managers of the 
hospital passed and had engrossed its resolutions expressing in highly 42 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
complimentary terms its satisfaction with his work and the personal 
esteem of the members of the board, and appointed him Consulting 
Orthopaedic Surgeon. In 1882 he was appointed Clinical Professor 
of Orthopaedic Surgery in the New York University Medical College. 
He retired from this position when he resigned his post at St. Luke's. 
Though he had abandoned general practice and confined himself to 
Orthopaedic Surgery on entering upon his professorship, he found 
that his various professional duties were imposing an undue tax upon 
his strength. He had to make a choice, and while many of his friends, 
especially his professional friends, urged him rather to retire from 
the New York Orthopaedic Dispensary and Hospital, it seemed to him 
that his first duty lay there, for he had been longest in service there 
and was then and for many years had been its chief surgeon and 
responsible head. 
Under his leadership the New York Orthopaedic Dispensary and 
Hospital had become one of the important institutions of New York 
City. It had safely weathered the storms which are so apt to destroy 
even a worthy undertaking in its early years. Through his efforts an 
endowment of forty thousand dollars, a considerable sum for the time, 
wras provided at a moment when its financial difficulties were most 
acute. He purchased on advantageous terms a lot of land at No. 130 
East Fifty-ninth Street, adjoining the hospital, and at the next meet- 
ing of the board of trustees offered it to the board at cost. For years 
the demand upon both the dispensary and the hospital had far ex- 
ceeded their facilities. The board of managers had wished to enlarge 
them, but a suitable opportunity had been lacking. The fortunate 
purchase by Dr. Shaffer provided the opportunity, and within a year 
a new fire-proof building was erected on the new purchase, mainly 
through the generosity of Mrs. William Douglas Sloane, and the 
capacity of the institution was doubled. In these and other ways Dr. 
Shaffer promoted the best interests of the hospital. He was, as 
Mr. Potter said, "its standby and its hope." 
Dr. Shaffer had been connected with the Orthopaedic Dispensary 
and Hospital substantially from its beginning. In 1877 Dr. Taylor, 
a very brilliant, but erratic man, a real pioneer in Orthopaedy, re- 
signed his position as Surgeon-in-chief of this hospital. It was feared 
that, as the institution had been established by Mr. Roosevelt and 
Mr. Potter to make available to the poor Dr. Taylor's novel and suc- 
cessful methods, his withdrawal would mean that the institution would 
cease to exist. Dr. Shaffer had been in service there for seven years, 
and indeed had had an important share in the management both from 
professional and executive standpoints, but he was still a very young 
man. In this emergency Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Potter, after con- 
ferring with him, asked him to take Dr. Taylor's place as Surgeon- 
in-chief of the institution. They said: "If you can demonstrate the 
necessity and value of these new methods the institution will go on. 
But it all depends on you." 
Dr. Shaffer was then twenty-seven years old. He took up the bur- 
den, worked hard for twenty-one years, and succeeded. As Mr. Pot- BIOGRAPHICAL 
43 
ter said in the late eighties: "You did not found the institution, 
but you established it on a firm foundation, under very trying and 
arduous circumstances." 
In 1898, having thus for some twenty-eight years devoted his time, 
his money, his influence, and his best efforts with marked success to 
putting this hospital upon a secure foundation and bringing it to a 
high state of efficiency, Dr. Shaffer resigned his position there. It 
had long been apparent to him that while crippled and deformed 
children of New York City were receiving care and attention in large 
and well-equipped special hospitals endowed for their benefit, yet no 
provision had been made for similar unfortunates in the State at 
large. About half the population of the State was outside the great 
city, and the same was true of its crippled children. At the meeting 
of the Conference of Charities and Correction, held in 1898, Dr. 
Shaffer read a paper on the "Care of Crippled and Deformed Chil- 
dren," in which he advocated the establishment of a State Hospital 
to meet the need of this neglected class. 
Released from his engrossing duties at the New York Orthopaedic 
Dispensary and Hospital, Dr. Shaffer now applied himself with char- 
acteristic energy to this new plan which had been developing in his 
mind. Many persons whose support would have been useful told him 
that the plan was impracticable, if not impossible. Undiscouraged 
by somewhat general indifference or opposition he succeeded in secur- 
ing in December, 1899, the co-operation and influence of Governor 
Roosevelt, and later that of Hon. Benjamin B. Odell, Jr., then chair- 
man of the Republican State Committee. A bill framed by the late 
J. Adriance Bush was duly introduced in the Legislature. Contem- 
plating a State charity it provided for the entire State, and therefore 
also for New York City. This was perhaps regarded by the existing 
city hospitals as an unwelcome intrusion upon their field. At all 
events the bill did not escape their opposition. Yet largely through 
the influence of Governor Roosevelt and Mr. Odell, the bill was passed 
in April, 1900, and $15,000 was thus appropriated for this purpose. 
Such was the small beginning of the great hospital now maintained 
by the State at West Haverstraw. With subscriptions, headed by his 
own, generously augmented by those of persons familiar with his 
work, of which that of Edward Severin Clark of $3,000 was the 
largest, a building in Tarrytown was secured and reconstructed for 
hospital purposes, and in January, 1901, the hospital was opened with 
ten patients. The State's appropriation had been saved for running 
expenses. During Governor Odell's administration the State appro- 
priated $50,000 for a building and fifty acres of land at West Haver- 
straw. 
Dr. Shaffer's critics still assailed his project, and but for his activ- 
ity and influence the institution might have died for lack of public 
support. It is now one of the most important State institutions. The 
original board of managers were: Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, Presi- 
dent, J. Hampden Robb, J. Adriance Bush, George Blagden, Jr., 
and Dr. Shaffer. Dr. Shaffer was its chief executive officer, serving 44 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
without pay. He was entitled under the law to $2,500 a year, but 
he declined to accept this salary, feeling that his position when mak- 
ing appeals to the Legislature would thus be much stronger. He has 
thus given to the State over $25,000. 
When Dr. Shaffer began the study of medicine, Orthopaedic Sur- 
gery had scarcely won recognition as a legitimate department of 
surgery. Since he adopted it as his specialty he has steadfastly 
striven to advance its interests and place it on a secure foundation. 
He early recognized the fact that the operative side of surgery was 
fully taught and demonstrated in the schools, while treatment by me- 
chanical means-Orthopaedic Surgery-was neglected. It became ap- 
parent to him that mechanico-therapy promised to be of great benefit 
to the human race. In his career at St. Luke's Hospital he voluntarily 
resigned general operative surgical work in his department, and per- 
formed only those surgical operations upon patients whose after 
treatment demanded special orthopaedic care. From that time he 
applied himself to the development of true Orthopaedic methods, and 
in his lectures, as well as in his bi-weekly clinics, he has for years 
illustrated his thesis that Orthopaedic Surgery is that department of 
Surgery which includes the prevention, the mechanical treatment, and 
the operative treatment of chronic or progressive deformities, for the 
proper treatment of which special forms of apparatus or special 
mechanical dressings are necessary. Many of his students, especially 
at the Orthopaedic Hospital, have become the leading Orthopaedic 
Surgeons of the country. 
Through his instrumentality the first New York Orthopaedic Society 
was established, now the Orthopaedic Section of the New York Acad- 
emy of Medicine. He took the initial step towards the formation, and 
indeed is generally regarded as the founder of the American Ortho- 
paedic Association, a national body of much importance. He was 
its first president. It was due to his influence, while occupying this 
position, that this association was admitted as a member of the Con- 
gress of American Physicians and Surgeons, the first recognition of 
Orthopaedic Surgery by a national organization, and he inaugurated 
the movement which led to the recognition of Orthopaedic Surgery 
by the Tenth International Medical Congress held in Berlin in 1890. 
Dr. Shaffer was a delegate to the Seventh International Medical 
Congress held in London in 1881, and to the Tenth International 
Congress held in Berlin in 1890. He was reappointed as Professor 
of Orthopaedic Surgery in the University Medical College in 1895, 
but resigned a second time, when practically the entire faculty left 
the University to enter the faculty of the new Cornell University 
Medical College. He resigned from Cornell in 1911, and has since 
been Professor Emeritus. He is also Consulting Orthopaedic Sur- 
geon to St. Luke's Hospital, to the Presbyterian Hospital, and to 
the State Hospital at West Haverstraw. He was chosen by the 
Council of the American Medical Association to organize and 
preside over the first meeting of the Section of Orthopaedic Surgery 
at the meeting of the association in Minneapolis in 1913. He is a BIOGRAPHICAL 
45 
member of numerous medical societies, including, among others, the 
American Medical Association, The New York State Medical Society, 
The New York County Medical Society, the Congress of American 
Physicians, of which he is the treasurer, the New York Academy of 
Medicine, and the American Orthopaedic Association, etc. He is a 
member of the Century Association and of the University Club. 
Dr. Shaffer has devised and published special forms of apparatus 
for nearly all the deforming diseases of childhood. His writings cover 
a wide field. He was the first to describe certain forms of lateral 
curvative of the spine, to call attention to "Non-Deforming Club 
Foot," and to devise a special apparatus by which forcible intermit- 
tent traction could be scientifically applied to the reduction of club 
foot and other non-inflammatory deformities without cutting oper- 
ations. He demonstrated the reduced electrical reaction of the muscles 
in chronic joint disease. He devised a new treatment for ununited 
fracture, especially for ununited fractures of the neck of the femur. 
He has been called in consultation in many important cases, both 
at home and abroad, and his writings have touched upon nearly all 
the subjects covered by Orthopaedic Surgery. His principal essays 
are: "Pott's Disease, Its Pathology and Mechanical Treatment, with 
Remarks on Lateral Curvature of the Spine," "The Etiology and 
Pathology of Chronic Joint Disease," "The Hysterical Element in 
Orthopaedic Surgery," "Brief Essays on Orthopaedic Surgery." His 
essay on "What is Orthopaedic Surgery" read before the Berlin 
Congress in 1890 attracted wide attention. Among his other im- 
portant publications are: "The Relation of Orthopaedic Surgery 
to General Surgery," "Lateral Curvature of the Spine," and "The 
Principles of Mechanical Treatment of Hip Joint Disease." 
Dr. Shaffer married, October 15, 1873, Margaret Hyde-Perkins, of 
Gardiner, Maine, daughter of the Hon. William Perkins, member of 
the Maine Legislature and former mayor of Gardiner. One child, a 
son, Newton Melman Shaffer, Jr., was born May 2, 1878. 
Of Dr. Shaffer's great work, this brief outline may close with the 
eloquent tribute paid to him by the Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter: 
Dr. Shaffer has rendered a service to surgery which is one of special value in a 
generation which makes much of mechanical treatment and which is not always 
careful to couple it with scientific knowledge and highest conscientious motives. 
Our times are times of an exaggerated faith in machinery. Mechanical con- 
trivance has undoubtedly its place in the service of surgery. But it is not 
surgery, and Dr. Shaffer has never confounded the two. Original, creative, facile 
in his design and employmnt of mechanical appliances, there has always throbbed 
behind them the watchful brain and the wise touch of the trained surgeon. 
Marrying rare gifts to a high ideal, Dr. Shaffer has shown the way along which 
less gifted associates might wisely follow, and has illustrated in his professional 
career the exceptional union of a high purpose and unique and enduring 
achievements. 
TAR. JOHN BLAKE WHITE, of New York City, surgeon, author, 
U inventor, and scion of one of the oldest Colonial houses of Amer- 
ica, was born at Charleston, South Carolina, October 9, 1850, son of 
Octavius Augustus and Claudia Rebecca (Bellinger) White. 46 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
John Blake White commenced his studies under private tutors, but 
subsequently was sent to Phillips' Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire, 
where he successfully mastered the course of study necessary to 
qualify for entrance to Harvard University, to which institution his 
father had intended that he should go. Graduating well at the 
Exeter Academy, John Blake White thereupon took up higher 
academics at Harvard, and expected to graduate as Bachelor of Arts 
in 1873, but having, some time subsequent to his entrance and before 
the close of 1872, definitely decided to follow his father into the medi- 
cal profession, and not being of the opinion that an academic degree 
was vitally essential to his ultimate success in the medical world, 
he voluntarily withdrew from the University at the close of 1872, so 
that he might devote his thought and time exclusively to the study 
of medicine. Returning to New York City, where his father was then 
in practice, he commenced his medical studentship at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York, Columbia University, pursu- 
ing the college course with the keenest interest, and so effectively that 
in 1874 he graduated very creditably, and was awarded the Univer- 
sity's degree of Doctor of Medicine. Very shortly afterwards, Dr. 
White was offered an appointment to Brooklyn City Hospital, as 
house surgeon. He was then only twenty-four years of age, and was 
one of the youngest surgeons in the city, but the energy, care, and 
thoroughness he displayed in his hospital work brought him to the 
notice of the New York Department of Health, and in the following 
year, 1875, he was offered, and accepted, an appointment under the 
department. As New York City sanitary inspector, Dr. White as- 
sumed direction of an investigation into the condition of the city's 
milk supply, and his examinations proved this vital necessity of the 
people to be far below what was a safe standard; he discovered the 
milk to be impure, adulterated, and prejudicial to the public health; 
he found also that he was confronted by a system to correct which 
would entail the most strenuous combat for an apparently intermin- 
able period. Dr. White served the City of New York as sanitary 
inspector for ten years, during which time he successfully sustained 
his fight against the vendors of impure milk, and had the satisfac- 
tion of realizing that his activities eventually resulted in the adop- 
tion of a much higher standard by all shippers of milk into the city, 
consequently his labors must have produced a marked and beneficial 
effect upon the public health, particularly of the young. In 1875-76, 
Dr. White was also particularly active in another direction, the 
city being threatened with a serious epidemic of smallpox, and in 
the inspection and transfer of cases to Riverside Hospital he gained 
valuable experience in the prevention and treatment of that disease. 
In 1882, Dr. White was appointed attending surgeon of the New 
York Dispensary for Children, a work he continued for six years, 
during a portion of which time he also acted as visiting surgeon to 
the Charity Hospital (now known as New York City Hospital) on 
Blackwell's Island. To this position he was appointed in 1886, and 
he retained the office until 1898, simultaneously however holding BIOGRAPHICAL 
47 
other hospital and professorial connections. Having undertaken spe- 
cial research in diseases of children, which research brought him into 
some prominence in this phase of medical science, Dr. White was 
retained by the New York Post-Graduate Medical College, for some 
years in the early eighties, to lecture to physicians and students on 
diseases of children, and his grasp of the subject also caused him to 
be appointed consulting surgeon to the House of Refuge in 1889; 
about the same time he became assistant to Professor Fessenden N. 
Otis, noted specialist in diseases of the genito-urinary organs. 
During all these years of engrossing and exacting medical prac- 
tice, Dr. White sought to fill every otherwise unoccupied moment with 
study and experiment in various branches of medicine. In addition 
to his special devotion to children's diseases, Dr. White also entered 
extensively into the study of the heart and lungs, going deeply also 
into the causes and treatment of typhoid fever, and even early in his 
career he was regarded in the profession as an authority on the sub- 
jects. 
Dr. White's writings on matters of science have brought him into 
enviable repute as a surgeon and an author. Most of his pen produc- 
tions are the result of his profound research and understanding of 
certain branches of medical science, and of his experiments and ob- 
servations while busily engaged in a varied practice. Most of his 
papers were read before leading medical organizations of this coun- 
try, and were favorably noticed by the press, generally, and the 
responsible Americal medical journals, particularly; some were also 
reproduced by professional journals of other countries. Among the 
more important of Dr. White's contributions to American medical 
literature were: "The Treatment of Diphtheria," "The Diagnosis 
and Treatment of Uterine Flexions," which paper he read before 
the Yorkville Medical Society in 1887; "Treatment of Phthisis by 
Intrapulmonary Injection of Carbolized Iodine," which he read be- 
fore the same association. Many important cures by this system 
were effected by Dr. White, some of the cases having been classed 
as "hopeless"; and he also invented a Vaginal Speculum, which was 
considered a great improvement over those hitherto available; an- 
other invention of his, about this time, was an instrument which he 
named "Metratrep" (metra, the womb, and trepein, to guide) in- 
tended for the correction of uterine displacements; and yet another 
valuable invention of his was an instrument called the "Urethro- 
tome," which he perfected in 1888, and which was deemed to be a 
much needed instrument in operations on strictures of the urethra. 
In direct connection therewith, Dr. White wrote an article on ' ' Treat- 
ment of Spasmodic Stricture of the Urethra," and before the Yorkville 
Medical Society, on February 23, 1888, he read a paper entitled "Re- 
marks on Vesico-Urethral Erethism Peculiar to Locomotive Engi- 
neers. ' ' Another valuable paper bearing on the same line of research 
was that if his entitled ' ' A Case of Stricture Followed by Rupture of 
the Urethra and Extravasation of Urine, External Urethrotomy, and 
Recovery," which treatise he read before the American Association of 48 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Genito-Urinary Surgeons, June 3, 1890. In his research in heart and 
lung diseases, tubercular problems presented fields for exhaustive 
study and experiment, and his writings reflect the extent of his re- 
search in that connection. Dr. White's "Tubercular Diathesis Con- 
trolled by Gold and Manganese in Combination ' ' was read before both 
the North-Western Medical and Surgical Association, and the Medical 
Association of the County of New York, and the paper makes refer- 
ence to a number of remarkable cures attributable to Dr. White's new 
method of treatment. On December 17, 1890, he read a paper before 
the North-Western Medical and Surgical Society, entitled "Remarks 
on the Intrapulmonary and Subcutaneous Treatment of Tubercu- 
osis," which was followed by a paper upon the "Value of the Sub- 
cutaneous Administration of Gold and Manganese Combined in the 
Treatment of Tuberculosis." This latter paper was read before the 
New York Academy of Medicine and, by special invitation, before 
the New York Medical Union. In a review of Dr. White's medical 
work, one writer, commenting on this phase of the noted surgeon's 
activities, wrote: "Hardly more attention was attracted in the 
medical world by Dr. Koch's celebrated lymph than was aroused by Dr. 
White's new method of treating tuberculosis, and it was adopted by 
many physicians throughout the country with conspicuous success." 
Early in 1891, Dr. White invented an "Antiseptic Syringe for Hypo- 
dermic Medication," and published a description of it in the medical 
journals. In September of that year he had the honor of reading 
before the American Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons of the 
National Medical Congress, at Washington, a paper on the "Syphi- 
litic Cachexia." In the same year he invented a double nasal spray 
and vaporizer, which he exhibited before the Laryngological Section 
of the New York Academy of Medicine, November 25, 1891; and his 
work "Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pleurisy, and also 
Report of Case of Tubercular Abscess of Lung, with Recovery after 
Operation," was published in the transactions of the Medical Asso- 
ciation of the State of New York. Some of Dr. White's other writ- 
ings are: A contribution to the "Therapeutics of Diabetes," read 
before New York State Medical Association at the annual meeting, 
October 17, 1895; "The Control of Morbific Processes by the Sub- 
cutaneous Administration of Chemical Solutions," read before the 
American Therapeutic Society, "The Significance of Hypotension 
and its Treatment." 
As will be assumed by the prominence Dr. White's work and papers 
gained in the proceedings of many of the medical societies of the 
country, Dr. White has won for himself an entity in many medical 
organizations in different parts of the country. He belongs to the 
Lenox Medical and Surgical Society, having officiated as its presi- 
dent ; he is a member of the New York Academy of Medicine; of the 
Medical Society of the State of New York; of the New York County 
Medical Society; of the American Association of Genito-Urinary Sur- 
geons; of the North-western Medical and Surgical Society; of the 
Manhattan Medical and Surgical Society; of the American Thera- BIOGRAPHICAL 
49 
peutic Society; of the Greater New York Medical Association, and 
many other organizations intended for the exchanging of opinions 
among medical practitioners, and for the furtherance of the science 
of medicine. 
Dr. White does not hold himself affiliated to any hospitals to-day, 
excepting as consulting surgeon of the New York County Prison Hos- 
pital, and of the Littleton Hospital, New Hampshire, which has the 
benefit of his expert opinion. As an expert diagnostician Dr. White 
is held in high repute. 
Dr. White married, in 1877, Margaret Stuyvesant Jackson, daugh- 
ter of the late George E. B. Jackson, of Portland, Maine, and great- 
granddaughter of General Diedrich Ten Broeck, of Revolutionary 
fame. 
The annals of the White family, of which Dr. John Blake White is 
the present head, is in reality part of the earliest Colonial history of 
this country. Dr. White's paternal great-great-grandfather was an 
English knight, Sir John White, of Kent, England (whose title was 
suppressed because of adherence to the Quaker faith), who came to 
America with William Penn, his close friend, in the seventeenth cen- 
tury, and became conspicuous in the government of the Pennsyl- 
vanian colony. John Blake White, grandfather of his namesake, Dr. 
John Blake White, was an artist and author of international note, as 
highly regarded in England as in America. In his early manhood, 
he spent much time in England, but latterly his activities centered 
in the Southern States of this country. He lived at Charleston, South 
Carolina, and was the pioneer of literature and art in the South. 
Tuckerton, in his "History of Art" in America, styles him "The 
Old American Master." Many of his historical paintings are na- 
tional treasures to-day, and hang in the Halls of Congress, at Wash- 
ington, D. C. Dr. Octavius Augustus White, father of Dr. John Blake 
White, graduated as M.D. in 1848, and practiced at Charleston, South 
Carolina, until the commencement of the Civil War, when he natur- 
ally allied himself to the cause of the South, holding a commissioned 
surgeoncy in the Confederate States Army, and serving with dis- 
tinction and undaunted zeal through the privations and disasters of 
the four terrible years. At the conclusion of the war, Dr. Octavius 
Augustus White removed to New York City, where his skill as a 
physician quickly advanced him to prominence and a lucrative prac- 
tice. He died in 1903. 
D EGINALD HALL SAYRE, A.B., M.D., one of the leading ortho- 
lvpedic surgeons of New York City, prominent in the proceedings 
of many professional organizations, an able educator, having been a 
member of the faculty of Bellevue Hospital Medical College and New 
York University Medical College for more than twenty years, fellow 
of the American College of Surgeons, and consulting orthopedic sur- 
geon to St. Vincent's Hospital, New York City, and to a number of 
other important hospitals throughout the State, was born in New 50 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
York City, October 18, 1859, the son of Dr. Lewis A. and Eliza Ann 
(Hall) Sayre. 
On both paternal and maternal lines, Dr. Sayre descends from fore- 
bears who were prominent in the early Colonial history of this coun- 
try, Thomas Sayre, progenitor of the American branches of the Sayre 
family, having settled at Southampton, Long Island, about the year 
1640, and John Hall, the American grand-ancestor of the maternal 
line of Reginald Hall Sayre, having located at Charlestown, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1630. The present and the immediately preceding gen- 
erations of the Sayre family have been prominently active in the 
making of the history of medicine in New York, Dr. Lewis Albert 
Sayre, father of Dr. Reginald Hall Sayre, having had an important 
part in the founding and development of the Bellevue Hospital Medi- 
cal College, of the faculty of which famous medical school he re- 
mained a member from its inception in 1861 until 1898, when it 
was successfully merged with the Medical College of New York Uni- 
versity. Dr. Lewis A. Sayre, who was an eminent surgeon, famed 
for his treatment of diseases of the spine and hip, was one of the 
founders of the New York Academy of Medicine, and the American 
Medical Association, also the New York Pathological Society. He 
was the first physician to use Plaster of Paris in spinal diseases, and 
for services rendered to medical science, Charles XIV, king of Swe- 
den and Norway, made him a knight of the order of Wasa. 
Reginald Hall Sayre received early general education at the 
Anthon Grammar School, New York, and at Churchill & Maury's 
School, New York, where he was prepared for entrance to college. 
Eventually, he matriculated at Columbia University, New York, and 
during his academic studies thereat gained many honors; he took 
the scholarship in chemistry in his sophomore year, and graduated as 
Bachelor of Arts in the class of 1881, winning oratorical honors. Not 
only in scholastic achievements was Reginald H. Sayre prominent 
while at Columbia; as an athlete he stood well in the university, and 
entered with zest and success into most of its athletic events. He had 
decided to study law after leaving college, but the death of his eldest 
brother, Dr. Charles Henry Hall Sayre, about this time caused him 
to alter his plans and to matriculate at the Bellevue Hospital Medical 
College, which institution he entered as a student in 1881, taking the 
three-year course which resulted in his graduating at the head of 
his class in March, 1884, thereby gaining the coveted degree of Doctor 
of Medicine, which opened the profession of the father to the son. 
Thereafter, for eighteen months, he was an interne in Bellevue Hos- 
pital, then joining his father in practice. 
As an educator, Dr. Reginald Hall Sayre has a record in keeping 
with the eminence of his father in this respect; within a year or so 
of having gained his degree, he became identified with the faculty of 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, being, in 1885, appointed assistant 
to the Chair of Surgery thereat, a position he held until 1890, when 
he was made assistant to the Chair of Orthopedic Surgery, and in 
the same year was also appointed lecturer in Orthopedic Surgery. BIOGRAPHICAL 
51 
In 1897 he became Adjunct Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, officiat- 
ing as such until the consolidation of Bellevue Hospital Medical 
College with the New York University Medical College. With the 
merger, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre was invited to become Clinical Pro- 
fessor of Orthopedic Surgery at the combined medical college in 1898, 
which office he accepted and held until 1910, when he was advanced 
to the professorship of that branch and has since held this position. 
As a specialist in Orthopedic Surgery, Dr. Sayre is in much de- 
mand, both for private consultation and for professional advice at 
hospitals. He has during his practice held appointments to many of 
the leading hospitals of the city and State; for many years he was 
visiting orthopedic surgeon to the Bellevue Hospital Dispensary, 
and at present is assistant visiting surgeon to the Hospital; he has 
been consulting surgeon to the Hackensack (New Jersey) Hospital 
since 1891; consulting orthopedic surgeon to the Hospital for Crip- 
pled Children at Newark, New Jersey, since 1895; consulting ortho- 
pedic surgeon to the Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, New Jersey, 
since 1898, and in similar capacity to the Englewood Hospital, New 
Jersey, since 1901. He is also consulting orthopedic surgeon to St. 
Vincent's Hospital, New York City, to the Hospital for Deformities 
and Joint Diseases, New York City, and to Flushing Hospital. 
Like his father, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre has taken much active in- 
terest in the affairs of many medical organizations, and has been on 
many occasions honored by his professional brethren, co-members of 
leading societies. Of the New York Academy of Medicine he was 
assistant secretary, in 1892-94, was appointed secretary in 1895, and 
treasurer from 1899 to 1917, and vice president in 1918; he was presi- 
dent of the American Orthopedic Association in 1904, having been 
vice-president in 1891; he was vice-president of the orthopedic section 
of the Pan-American Medical Congress in 1893; was vice-president of 
the New York Pathological Society in 1893; and was chairman of 
the surgical section of the American Medical Association, at its fiftieth 
anniversary, in 1897. His standing as a surgeon is recognized by his 
fellowship in the American College of Surgeons; he is also a fellow 
of the American Academy of Medicine, and besides holding member- 
ship in all of the before-mentioned societies, also belongs to the follow- 
ing: The Medical Society of the State of New York; the New York 
County Medical Association; and the Society of the Alumni of Belle- 
vue Hospital, of which association he was one of the founders. He 
also belongs to the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, and socially to the 
University, Columbia University, and New York Athletic clubs. 
Dr. Sayre is an able writer, and has contributed to medical litera- 
ture many works of much value to the profession. His papers, mono- 
graphs, articles, etc., have found ready publication in periodical 
medical journals, and among the more important of his writings may 
be listed: 
"Immediate Reposition of the Parts after Tenotomy'' (Ala. Med. Jour., July, 
1887); "The Treatment of Rotary Lateral Curvature of the Spine,'' (N. Y. Med. 
Jour., Nov. 17, 1888); "The Simultaneous Occurrence of Disease in the Hip and 52 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Knee Joints, with Description of a New Splint for the Treatment of the Same," 
(ibid., 1890); "The Treatment of Neglected Cases of Rotary Lateral Curvature 
of the Spine," (ibid., March 18, 1893); "A Contribution to the Study of Club 
Hand," (ibid., 1893); "Excision of the Hip Joint," (Trans, of Amer. Ortho- 
pedic Assn., 1889); "Spondylitis of Second Cervical Vertebra, with Report of 
Cases and Instruments for Treatment," (ibid., 1892); "Traction and Fixation in 
Pott's Disease," (Phila. Med. News, 1891); "The Necessity of Thorough Exam- 
ination in Suspected Pott's Disease," (New Engl. Med. Monthly, April, 1893); 
"The Conservative Treatment of Tubercular Joints," (Jour, of Amer. Med. 
Assn., 1894); "Volkman's Ischaemic Paralysis and Contracture" (Amer. Jour, 
of Orthopedic Surgery, November, 1898), etc., etc. 
Dr. Sayre was editor of the department of orthopedic surgery, 
"International Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences," during 
the years 1890-96, and is the author of most of the articles that 
appeared under that head during those years. He also wrote the 
Orthopedic articles for "Sajous' Analytic Cyclopedia of Practical 
Medicine." 
Dr. Sayre's fondness for outdoor life brought him into touch with 
military activities. He joined Troop A of the National Guard of 
New York in 1893, and in 1895 was made inspector of rifle practice, 
with rank of first lieutenant and later captain in the Ordnance De- 
partment, and in 1918 was made Surgeon-General of the New York 
Guard with the rank of lieutanant colonel. He became much inter- 
ested in target practice, and took part in many shooting competitions 
winning the Military Revolver Championship for six consecutive 
years, and having been captain of three winning International teams. 
Dr. Sayre is unmarried, and his office address is No. 14 West Forty- 
eighth Street, New York City. 
JULIUS ULLMAN, M. D.-After graduation from the medical de- 
** partment of the University of Buffalo, Dr. Ullman spent two years 
in post-graduate work in Vienna and Berlin, then returned to his 
native Buffalo, and for nearly a quarter of a century has practiced 
his profession most successfully. He is a son of David and Charlotte 
(Loeb) Ullman. 
Julius Ullman was born in Buffalo, New York, October 26, 1872, 
and there began his education in the public schools, attending Public 
School No. 11, and Central High School. He spent six months of the 
year 1890 in Europe, then returned to Buffalo and entered the Medi- 
cal Department of the University of Buffalo, whence he was graduated 
M. D., class of 1893. He was resident physician in Rochester City 
Hospital, 1893-1894. The years 1894-95 were spent in post-graduate 
study in Berlin and Vienna, he returning to Buffalo in the latter year 
and beginning practice. He is attending physician of the Memorial 
Hospital and City General Hospital; lecturer on clinical medicine 
of the Medical Department of the University of Buffalo. He is a 
Fellow of the American College of Physicians and American Medical 
Association; member of the New York State Medical Society; Erie 
County Medical Society; Buffalo Academy of Medicine, and ex-chair- 
man of the medical section, Buffalo Academy of Medicine. He is a BIOGRAPHICAL 
53 
member of Sigma Nu Fraternity; ex-president of the Aesculapian 
Club and ex-president of the Maimonides Medical Club, and member 
of the Medical Advisory Board, No. 43, United States Army. Dr. 
Ullman has published many papers and pamphlets upon medical sub- 
jects, including "Racial Factor in Hysteria"; "Some Remarks on 
Acidosis"; "Psychical Equivalent of Epilepsy "; "Malaria Represent- 
ing Three Varieties Observed in Buffalo"; "The Oppler-Boas Ba- 
cills"; "Influenza Accompanied by Four Distinct Pneumonia At- 
tacks"; "Tonsils as Portals of Infection"; 1901, and "Brewers' 
Yeast in Therapeutics." During the Spanish-American War in 1898, 
Dr. Ullman was acting Assistant-Surgeon in the United States Army, 
stationed at Leiter General Hospital at Chickamaugua. His offices 
are at No. 400 Franklin Street, Buffalo. 
Dr. Ullman married in New York City, in 1903, Eugenia Platsky, 
daughter of Adolph and Laura Platsky. They had issue: Edna 
Charlotta and Robert Adolph Ullman. 
pARLOS FREDERICK MacDONALD, A.M., M.D., LL.D.-Dr. 
MacDonald was born in Niles, Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1845. 
He is of Scottish ancestry, which is traceable to the famous Clan 
MacDonald of the Isles. Thrown upon his own resources in early 
boyhood, young MacDonald attended the common schools of the West- 
ern Reserve of his native State until the call for troops at the out- 
break of the Civil War. In 1862, when, at the age of sixteen, he 
enlisted in the Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry and remained in the 
field until the end of hostilities, serving progressively as private, 
corporal and regimental non-commissioned staff officer. He took part 
in the battles at Cross Keys, Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, 
Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Brandy Sta- 
tion, Aldie, Upperville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, the Wilderness, Todd's 
Tavern, Cold Harbor, Spottsylvania, the siege of Richmond, the siege 
of Petersburg, Hatcher's Run, Five Forks and Appomattox, besides 
participating in many skirmishes and in the famous cavalry raids 
of Kilpatrick, Custer and Sheridan. He was under fire for the last 
time at Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and was mustered out of the 
service with his regiment in August, 1865, at Cleveland, Ohio. 
After about one year at high school, young MacDonald entered 
upon the study of medicine and soon enrolled at Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 1869, with 
the degree of M.D. Dr. MacDonald then served on the medical staff 
of Kings County Hospital, Flatbush, Long Island, for the regular term 
of fifteen months, which in those days and until a few years ago in- 
cluded a thorough experience in general medicine, surgery, obstetrics, 
contagious diseases and an additional service in the smallpox hospital. 
In 1870 he was appointed assistant physician in the Kings County 
Insane Asylum at Flatbush, Long Island (now the Brooklyn State 
Hospital), and in 1873 was appointed superintendent of that insti- 
tution, at the age of twenty-eight years, being then the youngest 
asylum superintendent in this country. After a long contest with 54 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
malign influences, and after an unequal struggle against improper con- 
trol and political and partisan influences, Dr. MacDonald, together 
with his medical associates, resigned from all connection with the 
Kings County Asylum in 1875, setting forth in his letter of resigna- 
tion the abuses that existed in the institution, without fear or favor. 
Shortly thereafter he was appointed to the superintendency of the 
Auburn Asylum which was in a condition of demoralization, dilapida- 
tion and decay and which he placed on a high level of order and effi- 
ciency. While at Auburn he abolished the use of mechanical restraint 
in the treatment of insane patients, this being the first instance in 
this country of the absolute disuse of such restraint in a hospital for 
the insane. 
In 1877 Governor Robinson appointed him a manager of the then 
existing State Inebriate Asylum at Binghamton, New York, which 
position he filled with satisfaction to the Governor until the institu- 
tion was converted, on Dr. MacDonald's recommendation, by Act of 
Legislature, into a hospital for the insane. Governor Robinson and the 
trustees of the new institution urged him to accept the appointment 
to the superintendency of it, which he did, and thereupon immediately 
entered upon the task of remodeling and refitting the existing build- 
ings in order to adapt them to the uses of the insane. He resigned 
from the Binghamton institution in 1880, and in 1881 was reappointed 
superintendent of Auburn Asylum, where he remained in charge until 
May, 1889. At the latter date, at the request of Governor Hill, he 
accepted the position of president of the State Commission in Lunacy, 
recently created, to succeed the single commissioner and thenceforth 
to consist of three members of which the medical commissioner is nec- 
essarily the president. 
While in Auburn Dr. MacDonald conceived the idea of establishing 
a separate hospital for insane criminals, and the Legislature favoring, 
the institution at Matteawan, New York, was erected and has since 
been in successful operation. The Dannemora State Asylum for in- 
sane convicts is an offshoot of the Matteawan institution, and owes its 
existence to Dr. MacDonald's original ideas. Not only was he instru- 
mental in procuring the necessary legislation for the construction and 
equipment of Matteawan State Hospital, but he was the active mem- 
ber of the commission charged with the selection of the site and the 
erection of the buildings. 
As president of the State Commission in Lunacy, Dr. MacDonald 
took a very active part in the movement begun by the State Charities 
Aid Association in 1886 to secure State care for the dependent insane. 
Probably without his co-operation the project would not have been 
successful at all at that time. The report that he and his, associate 
commissioners presented to the Legislature in 1890, fearlessly expos- 
ing the wretched system of county care for the insane in such con- 
vincing terms that even the few reluctant legislators were soon con- 
vinced, attracted wide attention through the medical and secular 
press, and gave the death-blow to county care of the insane in the 
State of New York. In 1890 State care for the insane became com- BIOGRAPHICAL 
55 
plete, through the delivery to the State of the New York City and 
Kings County asylums, which became the Manhattan and Long 
Island State hospitals. 
Dr. MacDonald has made numerous contributions to medical litera- 
ture and especially to the literature of insanity and cognate topics, 
and has achieved a wide reputation as an alienist and a medico-legal 
expert in mental diseases. He was professor of Mental Diseases and 
Medical Jurisprudence in Bellevue Hospital Medical College from 
1888 to 1897, and in the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical 
College from 1897 to 1906, when he resigned and was appointed Pro- 
fessor Emeritus in the latter institution. Dr. MacDonald has been 
appointed special commissioner by governors and courts in many in- 
stances, and has been employed by many district attorneys also, to 
examine and report upon the mental condition of persons charged 
with crime. He has also appeared as an expert witness in hundreds 
of cases, civil and criminal, in the State of New York as well as in 
other states and countries. He has studied the methods of caring 
for the insane in many of the states in this country, as well as in 
Europe, Cuba and Mexico. During his incumbency he has prepared 
questions for the examination of candidates for the various grades of 
medical officers in State hospitals, at the request of the Civil Service 
Commission. 
At the request of Governor Hill Dr. MacDonald acted as medical 
counsel at the execution of Kemler at Auburn Prison, the first crim- 
inal in this or any other country to be executed by electricity. Sub- 
sequently, at the governor's request, he was present at six consecu- 
tive electrical executions at Sing Sing Prison and made a detailed 
report upon them, setting forth the methods of application and the 
results of electric currents of lethal energy upon the human subject 
as shown by the autopsies made. This was the first report of this 
kind to be presented to the scientific world and was so convincing as to 
put at rest in the public mind the doubt that had been entertained 
as to the practicability and humanity of this method of inflicting the 
death penalty. 
The Erie County Bar Association called Dr. MacDonald to Buffalo, 
New York, to determine the mental condition of Leon F. Czolgosz, 
the assassin of President McKinley. After several examinations, 
Czolgosz was pronounced sane and was promptly convicted of murder 
in the first degree. Dr. MacDonald witnessed the execution of this 
criminal at Auburn Prison, directed the autopsy which was made by 
Dr. Edward A. Spitzka, and made a complete report of the trial, 
execution, autopsy and mental status of the murderer. Dr. Mac- 
Donald also acted as medical counsel to District Attorney Jerome at 
the trial of Harry K. Thaw for the murder of Stanford White. 
On October 1, 1896, Dr. MacDonald resigned from the position of 
Commissioner in Lunacy to enter upon the work of conducting a 
private licensed institution for the treatment of insane patients which 
he still conducts under the title "Dr. MacDonald's House," at Cen- 
tral Valley, New York. Dr. MacDonald is consulting physician at 56 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Manhattan State Hospital; consulting alienist at Hackensack City 
Hospital; and is a member of the American Medico-Psychological As- 
sociation, of which organization he was president in 1913-14; New 
York County and New York State Medical Societies; New York Acad- 
emy of Medicine; New York Psychiatrical Society; Ohio Society of 
New York; Lotus Club; George Washington Post, No. 103, Grand 
Army of the Republic, of New York, and several golf clubs, including 
the Tuxedo and the Seniors Golf Association. 
Union College conferred the honorary degree of A.M. upon Dr. 
MacDonald in 1894, and the New York University honored him with 
the degree of LL.D, in 1917. 
In 1914, at the request of Governor Hatfield, of West Virginia, 
Dr. MacDonald made an exhaustive survey of the hospitals for the 
insane of that State, and subsequently submitted to the governor a 
detailed report of his findings together with recommendations and a 
draft of a proposed Insanity Law, with a view to reorganizing said 
institutions and elevating them to the plane of modern hospitals for 
the insane. 
On the evening of February 2, 1910, at the Hotel Astor, New York 
City, a complimentary dinner was given to Dr. MacDonald to mark 
the termination of forty years' consecutive practice of medicine, and 
what was far more important, to mark the close of twenty years since 
the State Care Act went into effect whereby the insane wards of the 
State were taken out of the almshouses, poorhouses, and various 
county buildings and placed in the State hospitals for proper care 
and treatment. 
The dinner was marked by the presence of a large number of promi- 
nent physicians-mostly psychiatrists and neurologists, members of 
the bench and bar and of business men. Toasts were responded to by 
Professors Stephen Smith, Austin Flint, Sr., and Honorables DeLan- 
cey Nicoll, Williams Travers Jerome and Goodwin Brown, while the 
witty and erudite Dr. George D. Stewart, who acted as toastmaster, 
read the following original poem which he jocularly declared to be 
"an unpublished production of Bobbie Burns." 
Dear Mac! I hardly ken what arts 
Gies you your power o'er human hearts; 
Ye hae sae many takin' parts 
Wi' great and sma', 
To reckon them a man whyles starts 
But ne'er kens a'. 
I'm thinkin' when your life I scan, 
'Tis no result o' birth or lan', 
But the outcome o' nature's plan 
Weel wrought in view;- 
She just turned aff a pairfect man, 
And that wis you. 
Ye listened to wild war's alarms 
While still within your mither's arms; 
Then could na stop wi' pleughs and farms, BIOGRAPHICAL 
57 
But e'en must gang 
And try to right, midst battlin' storms, 
Your country's wrang. 
And then, when to the ark once more, 
The dove her branch of olive bore, 
Your country's needin' ye no more, 
For fechtin' sair, 
Ye filled wi' Hippocratic lore, 
For curin' care. 
The daft and helpless were your ward, 
The sauls by sin and sickness scaured, 
O'er them ye kept the faithfu' guard, 
True to yer aim; 
And 'fended them 'gainst the attackin' horde, 
O' greed and gain. 
That's just a swatch o' Mac's ain way, 
Thus goes he on frae day to day, 
He does the wark that comes his way- 
Lies to his han'- 
And on high ground o' honesty, 
He taks his stand. 
And Mac, when comes Life's end in view, 
When fa's the gloamin' and the dew, 
I'll be content to join the few 
An' leave the thrang, 
Content to make a pair wi' you 
Where'er ye gang. 
George David Stewart. 
Dr. MacDonald married, in March, 1874, Alice M. Hardy, of 
Brooklyn, New York, and has one daughter, Elizabeth Hardy Mac- 
Donald. 
T GRANT BALDWIN, M.D., F.A.C.S., who is a graduate of the 
•^'University of Michigan and Long Island College Hospital, fellow 
of the American College of Surgeons, specialist in gynecology, gyne- 
cologist to St. Peter's Hospital, Brooklyn, as well as to other outside 
hospitals, and has been in successful surgical practise in the borough 
of Brooklyn, New York, for more than thirty years, was born at 
Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania, November 18, 1863, the son of Moses 
Stephen and Mellicent Wylie Baldwin, of Lawrenceville, Pennsyl- 
vania. 
Primarily he was educated at Lawrenceville, attending the public 
schools of the town, and later studying at the University of Michigan, 
subsequently proceeding to New York, where he enrolled himself as 
a medical student at the Long Island College Hospital. Thereat 
he was under able preceptors, and in 1886 graduated, thus winning 
his medical degree. He then pursued post-graduate work in local 
hospitals and undertook extensive research in the branch of Gynecol- 
ogy, in course of time gaining recognition as an authority on the 
subject. His research found expression in many papers written for 58 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
record in medical journals of the country, some of the more impor- 
tant papers of which he is the author are: ' ' The Early Diagnosis of 
Cancer of the Uterus, " " The Treatment of Dysmenorrhea and Steril- 
ity, with a Solid Glass Inter-Uterine Stem," "The Care of Uterine 
and Vesical Prolapse by Plastic Operations." His understanding 
of gynecology also brought him many staff appointments to hospitals; 
for very many years he has been Gynecologist at St. Peter's Hospital, 
Brooklyn, New York; consulting gynecologist to St. Joseph's Hospital, 
Far Rockaway, New York; Consulting Gynecologist to the Huntington 
Hospital, Huntington, Long Island; and he has served the St. Francis' 
Hospital, Jersey City, in like capacity. Since the death of the late Dr. 
A. J. C. Skene he has been president of the Skene Sanitarium Company, 
at whose private hospital he has done much of his private work. Dr. 
Baldwin's office is at No. 28 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, New 
York, and at that address he has been for the greater portion of his 
long period of practise. 
As a surgeon, recognition has come to him in his election to fellow- 
ship of the American College of Surgeons, of which he was one of 
the founders. Dr. Baldwin also holds membership in the follow- 
ing medical societies: The American Medical Association, the New 
York Obstetrical Society, the Brooklyn Gynecological Society, the 
Pathological Society, Brooklyn, the Women's Hospital Society of 
New York, the County Medical Association, and the Medical Society 
of the State of New York. He held a commission as first lieutenant 
in the Medical Reserve Corps of the army from August 3, 1916, to 
August 6, 1917, at which time he was honorably discharged; and is 
a member of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United 
States. He was president of the New York Obstetrical Society in 
1918-19. 
Dr. Baldwin married, June 14, 1893, at Norwich, New York, Mary 
Elizabeth Newton, daughter of Isaac Sprague and Jane Newton, of 
Norwich, New York. To them have been born two children, as 
follows: Mellicent Wylie, born October 20, 1895; L. Grant, Jr., 
born March 17, 1902. 
T DUNCAN BULKLEY, M.D., an eminent specialist in Derma- 
tology, of international note, and a recognized authority on 
Cancer, has had an enviable career. A profound student of medi- 
cal science, Dr. Bulkley represents the scholarly type of physician 
worthily maintaining the traditions which have given so high a pres- 
tige to the profession. Whether as the specialist in his chosen branch 
of practice, or in the field of authorship, or as a lecturer and instruc- 
tor, or as an important factor in medical institutions, Dr. Bulkley is 
characterized by abilities of a high order. Superior native talents, 
developed by solid acquirements and disciplined by comprehensive 
research and a long and extensive practice, give to him an excep- 
tional equipment of learning and skill. Dr. Bulkley is a representa- 
tive of the noblest qualities of his profession. Of benevolent nature 
as the practical man of charity, his acts of kindness are by no means BIOGRAPHICAL 
59 
limited to the field of his profession, and he is everywhere and 
always rendering distinguished service to his kind. 
Lucius Duncan Bulkley was born in New York City, January 12, 
1845, a son of Henry Daggett and Juliana (Barnes) Bulkley. He 
attended public school No. 13, and the Anthon Grammar School, 
and then entered Yale University, from which he graduated in 1866, 
with the degree of A. B. Following in the footsteps of his illustrious 
father, Dr. Henry Daggett Bulkley, a well known physician of New 
York in his day, the son immediately after graduating at Yale Uni- 
versity entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New 
York, graduating therefrom in 1869, receiving from Yale University 
the degree of Master of Arts the same year. After serving during 
1869-70 as an interne at the New York Hospital, he went abroad 
in 1871 to study Dermatology in the principal medical centers of 
Europe, including Vienna, London, Paris and Berlin. While at 
Vienna, he translated Neumann's "Diseases of the Skin" (1872). 
Returning to New York, Dr. Bulkley entered upon practice, special- 
izing in the treatment of diseases of the skin, and soon took rank 
among the foremost medical men of the day. Since his first visit 
to Europe, Dr. Bulkley has been abroad many times on missions in 
connection with international medical congresses and with other 
medical bodies whose deliberations directly concerned the subject of 
Dermatology. In 1877, Dr. Bulkley, at the opening of the new 
building of the New York Hospital, began to give free courses of 
clinical lectures to physicians on diseases of the skin, and has since 
continued to lecture each year at the New York Skin and Cancer 
Hospital. It is safe to say that during these years many thousands 
of physicians from all parts of this country have been benefited by 
these lectures, and many additional thousands have been benefited by 
his writings on Dermatology. 
The New York Skin and Cancer Hospital was established mainly 
through the instrumentality of Dr. Bulkley, who as early as 1880 
recognized the need for a hospital to be devoted especially to skin 
diseases, and he worked indefatigably to promote the project, and 
eventually, two years later, after many setbacks and disappointments, 
the hospital wras organized. A temporary building was secured, a 
medical staff appointed, and everything made ready so that on Jan- 
uary 1, 1883, the hospital was open to receive patients. Very shortly 
afterwards the hospital was running at full capacity, and in 1884 
it was thought advisable to establish a country branch at Fordham 
Heights, where special and malignant cases could be cared for more 
efficaciously than in the city. The branch hospital was duly estab- 
lished, but subsequently was found impracticable, and was sold, but 
of the need for the main hospital there was indisputable proof almost 
from the outset, as during the first three years of its existence over 
three thousand cases were treated therein. In 1896, the present 
hospital building was erected at East Nineteenth Street and Second 
Avenue, subsequently to be enlarged from time to time by the acquisi- 
tion of adjoining buildings. In 1911, a training school for nurses 60 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
was established, called the Bulkley School, in honor of the founder, 
and it is carrying on a very valuable work. The hospital is a char- 
itable institution organized directly to care for, without payment, 
those of the poor who may be afflicted with diseases of the skin and 
with cancer, and during 1916 over twelve thousand patients were 
treated at the hospital, so that the work initiated by Dr. Bulkley 
in 1880, and ever since continued by him with unceasing effort and 
unflagging zeal, must bring to him as great a gratification as his 
labors have been a boon to the suffering poor of the great city. 
From the very inception of the hospital Dr. Bulkley has been its 
predominating factor, its directing spirit; he has served as one of the 
Board of Governors from its inception and as secretary for many 
years, also as an attending physician, which position he still holds, 
as also that of president of the medical board. 
The affairs of the hospital have been his main interest for the past 
thirty-five years, but in that period he has also been associated with 
many other medical institutions and activities. Dr. Bulkley is a 
dermatologist of high repute in international medical circles; he has 
been called to Europe several times in the furtherance of the science 
of dermatology; honors have been conferred upon him by many 
leading medical organizations of European countries; and he has 
also had the distinction of election to the vice-presidency of several 
international dermatological congresses, so that his standing among 
dermatologists is well established and recognized. 
In 1878, and during the earlier years of his practice, Dr. Bulkley's 
professional connections were: Attending physician to the Skin 
Department of Demilt Dispensary, New York; Professor of Diseases 
of the Skin, Women's Medical College of the New York Infirmary, 
also in the Post-Graduate Medical School; lecturer on Skin Diseases, 
Albany Medical College; and visiting physician to the Hospital for 
Epileptics and Paralytics, Blackwell's Island, New York. In 1898, 
he traveled round the world, making a special study of leprosy, and 
diseases of the skin throughout the Far East, and returned to New 
York better equipped than ever to combat the dread diseases, since 
which time he has devoted his years chiefly to his duties at various 
New York hospitals, and other professional ties. In addition to his 
more than thirty years of effort at the New York Skin and Cancer 
Hospital, Dr. Bulkley has for many years been consulting physician 
to the New York Hospital, and is consulting dermatologist to Ran- 
dall's Island Hospital, to the Sea View Hospital, to the Hospital of 
the New York Society for the Relief of Ruptured and Crippled, and 
to the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital. 
Dr. Bulkley enjoys association in the affairs of many of the leading 
medical organizations of this country. He is a member of the Amer- 
ican Medical Association, and the American Academy of Medicine, 
of which he was president in 1897; he was one of the founders in 
1877 of the American Dermatological Association; he is an honorary 
member of various French, German and Italian Dermatological so- 
cieties; and he is a member of the following local societies: New York BIOGRAPHICAL 
61 
State Medical Society, New York County Medical Society, and New 
York Academy of Medicine. 
As an author, Dr. Bulkley is of note, and not only because of his 
writings upon medical subjects, though of necessity his medical works 
have predominated. After translating Neumann's "Diseases of the 
Skin" while studying in Vienna in 1872, Dr. Bulkley saw the utility 
of establishing an American journal devoted to dermatological sub- 
jects, and in 1874, after returning to New York, he founded the 
Archives of Dermotology, of which he was editor for eight years. 
He is a prolific writer, and has contributed innumerable monographs, 
papers, etc., to the medical journals of this and other countries. 
Among the more important of the medical book publications of which 
he is the author are: "Eczema and Its Management" (1881) ; "Man- 
ual of Diseases of the Skin" (1882) ; "Acne and Its Treatment" 
(1885) ; "Syphilis in the Innocent" (1894) ; "Relation of the Skin 
to Internal Disorders" (1908) ; and "Diet and Hygiene in Diseases 
of the Skin" (1913). During the past few years, Dr. Bulkley has 
given much time and thought to the consideration of the medical 
aspect of Cancer, and has written many articles, and his two books 
on "Cancer, Its Cause and Treatment" (1915-17), marking a new 
epoch in the study of the treatment and prophylaxis of Cancer. 
Dr. Bulkley, who is an earnest Christian, of strong convictions and 
a profound knowledge of the scriptures, and who is much interested 
in charitable and religious work, published in 1910 a volume entitled 
"Five Minute Bible Readings, from Genesis to Revelations." The 
religious aspect of Dr. Bulkley's home is reflected perhaps in the life- 
work of one of his sons, Dr. Lucius Constant Bulkley, who has been 
a medical missionary in the Far East for many years, having charge 
of a hospital at Petchaburi, Siam, under the Board of Foreign Mis- 
sions of the Presbyterian Church. In politics, Dr. Lucius Duncan 
Bulkley is a staunch Republican; in church matters, he has joined 
energetically in the work and support of the Presbyterian church; 
he is a director and vice-president of the American Savings Bank; 
and socially, he belongs to the University, Yale and Quill clubs. 
Dr. Bulkley was married, at Bergen Point, New Jersey, May 28, 
1872, Katherine La Rue, daughter of Andrew D. Mellick. Their 
children are: Lucius Constant, born May 10, 1877, a physician by 
profession, is now a medical missionary in Siam; Henry Duncan, 
born September 17, 1879, and now a bond broker, in Wall Street; 
Kenneth, born December 20, 1885, a surgeon, in practice in New 
York, now with Dr. Blake in Paris; Elizabeth, married Dr. H. H. 
Janeway; Julia, married Edward V. Cox; and Kathleen, married 
N. A. Smyth. 
The antecedents of Dr. Bulkley are traced to the earliest days of 
Colonial settlement. The American progenitor of the Bulkley fam- 
ily, the Rev. Peter Bulkley, a native of Odell, Bedfordshire, Eng- 
land, emigrated to this country in 1635, and was one of the founders 
of Massachusetts. He was the son of the Rev. Edward Bulkley, 
D. D., a noted English divine, mentioned with respect by John Fox 62 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
in his 11 Book of Martyrs. ' ' The Rev. Peter Bulkley, who at the time 
of his emigration was a man of considerable property, and who be- 
came possessed of vast tracts in this country, was a benefactor of 
Harvard College in the days of its early struggles for existence, a 
collegiate interest preserved by his son, the Rev. Gershom Bulkley, 
who graduated at Harvard in 1655, and married Sarah, daughter of 
President Charles Chauncey, of Harvard College. 
Dr. Henry Daggett Bulkley, father of Dr. Lucius Duncan Bulkley, 
also had a distinguished career in medicine. He graduated at Yale 
in 1820, and in 1830 graduated in medicine in New York, and after 
spending some time in the study of cutaneous diseases in the hos- 
pitals of Paris, he returned to New York, and opened an office in 
November, 1832, as a specialist in diseases of the skin. He was the 
first physician in America to lecture on the subject, and to establish 
a dispensary for the treatment of skin diseases. He was one of the 
founders, and the first president of the New York Dermatological 
Society, so that the activities of his son, Dr. L. Duncan Bulkley, 
have in reality been a direct and meritorious continuance of the 
scientific research and practical application of the science to which he 
had, with such creditable effect, devoted his life. 
AA/'ILLY MEYER, M.D., F.A.C.S., distinguished medical scientist, 
' ' whose research and practice of medicine has held him in close 
association with the medical fraternity of New York City for more 
than thirty years, was born at Minden, Westphalia, Germany, July 
24, 1858. 
Destined for a scientific career he was educated accordingly, and 
entered the University of Bonn, Germany, while still in his minority. 
His university record was creditable, and he was not yet twenty-two 
years of age when he, by graduation in 1880, became possessed of the 
degree of the University of Bonn, entitling him to enter into the 
practice of medicine as a fully qualified Doctor of Medicine. Dr. 
Willy Meyer's worthy undergraduate record, and the place of honor 
he had gained in the graduating class of his year, procured for him 
in 1881 appointment to the faculty of the university, as assistant 
to the renowned Wilhelm Busch, professor of surgery, and after the 
latter's untimely death to Professor 0. W. Madelung and Professor 
F. Trendelenburg. The position enabled Dr. Meyer to observe and 
execute extensive research into surgical problems, and in 1884, when 
he resigned his university appointment so that he might proceed to 
the United States, he was for a young doctor unusually advanced in 
the knowledge and practice of medicine. 
Dr. Meyer settled in New York City, where he continued his 
explorations, his professional endeavors bringing him notable distinc- 
tion. He introduced cystoscopy into the United States in 1887, and 
ten years later received further unique credit as the first surgeon in 
the United States to perform Bottini's operation; he also was the 
author of "The Radical Operation for Cancer of the Breast," and 
since 1908 has been engaged in solving the problems of thoracic BIOGRAPHICAL 
63 
surgery, of which he is a recognized authority. A year or so after 
locating in New York City, Dr. Meyer was appointed professor of 
clinical surgery at the Woman's Medical College, New York City, 
and fulfilled the duties of that office meritoriously for seven years, 
relinquishing the appointment in 1893; in 1887 he accepted the posi- 
tion of instructor and later professor of surgery at the New York 
Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, in which capacity he 
has since remained identified with the school. In the fall of 
the same year, 1887, Dr. Meyer was made attending surgeon to 
the German Hospital, and in the following year to the New York 
Skin and Cancer Hospital. The latter position he resigned in 
1904. 
Dr. Meyer is at present consulting surgeon to the New York Skin 
and Cancer Hospital; to the New York Infirmary for Women and 
Children; to the Hospital for Deformities and Joint Diseases, New 
York City; to the Har Moriah Hospital, New York City; and to the 
Montefiore Home. His research experiments have been recorded by 
him in papers read before societies, and in articles contributed to 
leading medical journals of this and other countries, some of the 
more important of which contributions were: 
"Uber die Nachbehandlung des Hohen Blasenschnittes, sowie uber Verwend- 
barkeit desselben bei Operationen f. Blasenscheiden-Fisteln "-"The After- 
Treatment of Suprapubic Cystotomy, etc." First publication on Trendelenburg's 
Posture (Langenbeck's Arch., Vol. 31, hi, 1884). 
"On Cystoscopy & the New Cystoscope of Nitze & Leiter'' (N. Y. Med. Jour., 
April, 1888). 
"A Successful Case of Colo-colostomy " (Med. Bec., Nov., 1888). 
"Progress of Cystoscopy in the Last Three Years'' (N. Y. Med. Jour., Jan., 
1892). On Cystoscopy, in "A System of Genito-Urinary Diseases, Syphilology 
and Dermatology,'' Vol. I. Edited by Prince A. Morrow, D. Appleton & Co., 
1893). 
"Results obtained from the Use of Aniline Products in the Treatment of 
Carcinoma'' (Annals of Surg., Nov., 1893). 
"Recent Methods of Gastrostomy for Stricture of the Oesophagus'' (Am. Jour, 
of the Med. Sciences, October, 1894). 
"An Improved Method of the Radical Operation for Cancer of the Breast'' 
(Med. Rec., December, 1894). 
"When Shall We Operate for Appendicitis?'' (Medical Record, February, 
1896). 
"The Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis of the Kidney (Med. News, Mar., 1896). 
"Catheterism of the Ureters in the Male and Female'' (N. Y. Med. Jour., 
March, 1896). 
"Bottini's Galvano-Caustic Radical Operation for Hypertrophy of the Pros- 
tate'' (Med. Record, March, 1898). 
"The Implantation of Silver Filigree for the Closure of Large Hernial Aper- 
tures'' (Annals of Surgery, Nov., 1902). 
"Bier's Hyperemic Treatment,'' by Willy Meyer & Schmieden; W. B. Saunders 
Co., 1908. 
" Fortschritte im Druekdifferenzverfahren f. Intrathorakale Operationen''- 
"Progress in Differential Air Pressure for Intrathoracic Operations" 
(Miinchener Med. Wochenscrift, No. 47, 1909). 
"Oesophago-Gastrostomy after Intrathoracic Resection of the Oesophagus" 
(Annals of Surg., July, 1909). 
"Pneumectomy with the Aid of Differential Air Pressure" (Jour. Am. Med. 
Assn., Dec., 1909). 64 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
"Drainage after Intrathoracic Operations with Special Reference to the Oeso- 
phagus" (Annals of Surgery, July, 1912). 
"The Surgery of the Pulmonary Artery" (Annals of Surgery, Aug., 1913). 
"Anaesthesia in Differential Chambers, Cabinets, and other Apparatus, for 
Thoracic Surgery" (Keen's Surgery, 1913). 
"On Bronchiectasis" (Annals of Surgery, July, 1914). 
"Zur Resektion des Oesophagus karzinoms im kardialen Abschuitt."-"Con- 
tribution to excision of cancer of the cardia" (Centralblatt f. Chirurgie, 1914). 
" Extrathoracic and intrathoracic oesophagoplasty in connection with resection 
of the thoracic portion of the oesophagus" (Jour. Am. Med. Assn., Jan., 1914). 
"Resection of the cardia for carcinoma" (Annals of Surg., Dec., 1915). 
"Transverse Abdominal Incision" (Annals of Surg., March, 1916). 
"The Conservative Treatment of Gangrene of the Extremities, Due to Throm- 
boangitisi Obliterans" (Annals of Surg., March, 1916). 
"Cancer of Breast" (Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Oct., 1917). 
"The Rectangular Flap-incision for Operations within the Upper Abdomen" 
(Journ. Am. Med. Assn., Nov., 1917) 
Dr. Meyer enjoys the honor of fellowship in the American Surgical 
Association, and is active as a member of the following leading medical 
organizations of this country: American Medical Association; Amer- 
ican Gastro-Enterological Association; American Cancer Research 
Association; New York Academy of Medicine; Pathological Society; 
the New York Surgical Society; Greater New York Medical Associa- 
tion; Harlem Medical Association; New York Gastro-Enterological 
Society; New York Society and American Association for Thoracic 
Surgery, and the Medical societies of the State and County of New 
York. 
Dr. Meyer married, in New York City, April 29, 1885, Lilly 0. 
Maass. To them were born four children, the two youngest of whom 
are living, Marjorie Fanny and Herbert Willy. 
J7RED HOUDLETT ALBEE, A.B., M.D., Sc.D., F.A.C.S., eminent 
* specialist in Orthopedic Surgery, of international reputation, 
and orthopedist of the United States Army with rank of major, has 
attained to the most honorable distinctions in a learned profession. 
In his development of bone-graft surgery by transplantation, one of 
the greatest discoveries to modern surgical science, Dr. Albee's achieve- 
ments entitle him to a place among the foremost medical men of his 
time. Dr. Albee's career is one not easily paralleled by noted con- 
temporaries, a fact which derives additional weight from the circum- 
stance that Dr. Albee is yet a young man, hardly in the prime of 
middle life, and is a notable exception to the rule that distinction in 
the medical profession is an honor of slow growth and late maturity. 
Fred Houdlett Albee was born at Aina, State of Maine, April 13, 
1876, a son of F. H. and C. M. (Houdlett) Albee. He received a 
liberal classical education at the Lincoln Academy, Newcastle, Maine, 
and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1899 with the degree of 
A.B. He then entered upon the study of medicine at Harvard Uni- 
versity Medical College, graduating therefrom in 1903 with the de- 
gree of M.D. He was afterwards house surgeon at the Massachusetts 
General Hospital, Boston, 1903-04, is director of the department and BIOGRAPHICAL 
65 
Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at the New York Post-Graduate 
Medical School and Hospital, and also at the University of Vermont, 
and formerly instructor in Orthopedic Surgery at Columbia Univer- 
sity and also assistant Professor (head of department) of Orthopedic 
Surgery in Cornell Medical College. Dr. Albee spent 1908 and 1909 
abroad, attending clinics in Orthopedic Surgery in Vienna, Berlin, 
Paris, Liverpool and London. During 1910-12, he began to make 
experiments in bone-growth and bone-graft for immobilization of 
spine in dogs, sheep and rabbits, and his discoveries in the use of 
bone-graft in the treatment of tubercular joint disease, especially of 
the spine, are achievements known throughout the medical world. 
In 1909 Dr. Albee presented the first operation of the many he had 
devised before the International Medical Congress at Budapest, Hun- 
gary, and in 1913 he presented papers on the subject before the 
International Medical Congress at London, and the same year was 
invited to give clinics in London, Paris, Berch Sur Mer, France, and 
Berlin. Dr. Albee to-day is a specialist whose advice is widely sought 
in the treatment of all diseases of bones, joints, muscles, tendons and 
facial deformities, and in 1914 was honored by an invitation to 
appear before the German Orthopedic Association at their congress 
in Berlin, where he presented original bone work as the opening paper 
of the congress, receiving that year the distinction of honorary mem- 
bership in the German Orthopedic Association. In 1916 he was in- 
vited by the French War Office to demonstrate his methods in bone 
plasty in the various military hospitals of France, and the same year 
was invited to present the same demonstration before the Royal Med- 
ical Society of London. His superior skill in his chosen field of 
practice has made his services much sought by many leading institu- 
tions, some of his hospital appointments being as follows: Orthopedic 
Surgeon to the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hos- 
pital; consulting surgeon to Hawthorne Hospital, Staten Island Hos- 
pital (New York), the Memorial Hospital (Newark), the Sea View 
Hospital (New York), the Muhlenburg Hospital, at Plainfield, New 
Jersey, Waterbury (Connecticut) Hospital, the Mary Fletcher Hos- 
pital, Burlington, Vermont, the Lutheran Hospital, New York, and 
the New Jersey State Hospital at Trenton. In the field of authorship 
and on subjects closely allied to his specialty, Dr. Albee is a prolific 
writer as well as a liberal contributor to the current literature of the 
profession, some of his more important productions being as fol- 
lows : 
1. "Skiagraphy in Orthopedic Surgery" (Med. Rec., Dec., 28, 1907). 
2. "Diagnosis Orthopedic Surgery Case Teaching" (1908). 
3. "Osteomyelitis" (N. Y. Med. Jour., June 6, 1908). 
4. "Epiphyseal Fracture of the Upper End of the Humerus." Two cases suc- 
cessfully treated by a new method. (Post-Graduate, June, 1908.) 
5. "A Study of the Anatomy, and the Clinical Importance of the Sacro-iliac 
Joint" (Amer. Med. Assn., Oct. 16, 1909). 
6. "Fracture of the Tarsal Bones" (N. Y. State Jour, of Med., Nov., 1911). 
7. "A New Method for Osteo-Arthritis of the Hip" (Amer. Med. Jour., June, 
1908). 66 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
8. "A Further Report on a New Operation for Arthritis Deformans and Cer- 
tain Other Deforming Affections of the Hip" (Surg. Gyn. & Obst., March, 
1910). 
9. "Report of Two Cases of Recurrent Dislocation of the Shoulder Success- 
fully Operated Upon; With Description of the Technic" (Amer. Jour, of Surg., 
July, 1908). 
10. "Abstract-Osteoplasty for Pott's Disease" (Amer. Orth. Folder, May 15, 
1911). 
11. "Transplantation of a Portion of the Tibia into the Spine for Pott's 
Disease" (Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., Sept. 9, 1911). 
12. "Juxta Epiphyseal Fracture of the Upper End of the Femur, The Import- 
ance of the Use of Position in its Treatment" (Amer. Jour, of Orth. Surg., 
Feb., 1911). 
13. "A Report of Bone Transplantation and Osteoplasty in the Treatment of 
Pott's Disease of the Spine" (N. Y. Med. Jnl., Mar. 9, 1912). 
14. "A Case of Gumma of the Shoulder" (Post-Grad., Mar., 1912). 
15. "Charcot's Artheopathy" (Jnl. Med. Soc., New Jersey, 1912). 
16. "Bone Transplantation as a Treatment of Pott's Disease, Club Feet, and 
Un-united Fractures" (Post-Grad., Nov., 1912). 
17. " Juxta-Epiphyseal Fracture of the Upper End of the Humerus, A New 
Postural Treatment" (Med. Rec., May 4, 1912). 
18. "A Report of Osteo-plasty and Bone Transplantation in Pott's Disease 
of the Spine" (Vermont Med. Mthly., April, 1912). 
19. "An Experimental Study of Bone Growth, and the Spinal Bone Trans- 
plant" (Jnl. Amer. Med Assoc., April 5, 1913). 
20. Co-Author, "Taylor's Orthopedic Surgery," 1909. 
21. " Greff e d'un partie du tibia sur 1'epine dorsal dans le traitement du Mal 
de Pott" (Revue de Chirurgie, July 10, 1913). 
22. "Knochentransplantation bei tuberkuloser Spondylitis-Zeitschieft f. Or- 
thopadisch" (Chirurgie, 1913). 
23. "Transplantation de Parte de la Tibia a la Espina Dorsal Como Trata- 
miento Del Mal de Pott" (Revista de Med. Y Cirigia, Habana, Nov. 25, 1912). 
24. "The Inlay Bone Graft as a Treatment of Ununited Fracture"; a Report 
of Fifteen Successful Cases (Amer. Jnl. of Surg., Jan., 1914). 
25. "The Inlay Bone Graft in Fresh Fractures" (N. Y. Med. Jnl., May 23. 
1914). 
26. "Original Surgical Uses of the Bone Graft" (Surg. Gyn. and Obst., June, 
1914). 
27. "The Inlay Bone Graft, versus Lane Plates in the Treatment of Frac- 
tures" (Amer. Jnl. of Surg., Mar., 1915). 
28. "The Fundamental Principles Involved in the use of the Bone Graft" 
(Amer. Jnl. of Med. Sci., Mar., 1915). 
29. "The Bone Graft Peg in the Treatment of Fractures of Neck of Femur" 
(Annals of Surg., July, 1915). 
30. "The Bone Graft Wedge in the Treatment of Habitual Dislocation of the 
Patella" (Med. Rec., Aug. 14, 1915). 
31. "An Electro Motor Bone Outfit and Technic of its Usage" (Boston Med. 
& Surg. Jnl., Aug. 19, 1915). 
32. Bone and Joint Surgery-Johnson-Operative Therapeusia, " 1915. 
33. "The Inlay Bone Graft in the Treatment of Fractures, Joint Tuberculosis 
and Certain Deformities" (The Lancet Clinics, April, 1915). 
34. "Original Uses of Bone Graft" (Condensed) (Detroit Med. Jnl., Feb., 
1915). 
35. "Original Surgical Uses of Bone Graft" (Penna. Med. Jnl., Feb., 1915). 
36. "A Further Report of Original Uses of the Bone Graft, as a Treatment 
for Ununited Fractures, Certain Deformities, and Pott's Disease" (A report of 
One hundred and Seventy-five cases) (Pacific Med. Jnl., Nov., 1913). 
37. " Stero-Clinic "-Edited by Howard Kelly, and published by Southworth 
Company, section IX, 1913. 
38. "Meine Verwendung der Knochentransplantation, Verhandl. d. deutsch 
Orthop, " Gesellsch, 1915, XXXV, 112. BIOGRAPHICAL 
67 
39. "A Statistical Study of 539 cases of Pott's Disease, Treated by the Bone 
Graft" (Amer. Jnl. of Orth. Surg., Mar., 1916). 
40. Author-"Bone Graft Surgery," Pub., Saunders Pub. Co., 1915. 
41. "Bone Graft Wedge, Its Use in the Treatment of Relapsing, Acquired and 
Congenital Dislocation of the Hip" (N. Y. Med. Jnl., Aug. 28, 1915). 
42. Co-author-"Johnson's Operative Therapeusia." 
43. "Bone Graft Surgery," Pub., W. B. Saunders Co. 
44. Co-author-"Military Orthopedics," published by the Government. 
45. "Orthopedic and Reconstruction Surgery, Military and Civilian," Pub., 
Saunders Pub. Co. 
In recognition of his distinguished achievements in medical science 
the University of Vermont, in 1916, conferred upon Dr. Albee the 
dignity of Sc.D., and in 1917 Bowdoin College conferred upon him 
the same honor. Dr. Albee is a member of the American Orthopedic 
Association; the American Medical Association; corresponding mem- 
ber of the German Orthopedic Association; member of the New York 
Academy of Medicine (formerly chairman Orthopedic Section) ; 
Boyleston Medical Society; Harvard Alumni Medical Society; Wash- 
ington Heights Medical Society, and the following clubs: Progress 
Medical, Harvard Club of New York, and the Colonia Country Club, 
of which he has been a director since 1908 and president 1914-15. 
At Colonia, New Jersey, where he maintains a country residence, he 
was lighting commissioner in 1914-15; fire commissioner, 1915-16, 
and was first lieutenant of the Medical Reserve Corps ,1910-16, and 
is at present major in the Medical Officers Reserve Corps, and a mem- 
ber of the Orthopedic Advisory Council to the Surgeon-General, 
Chief Surgeon of the United States Army General Hospital No. 3, 
Colonia, N. J. 
On February 2, 1907, at Grace Church, New York City, Dr. Albee 
was married to Luella May Berry, a daughter of William Everett and 
Eliza Jane (Marsh) Berry. 
AVr ILLI AM HOWARD BARBER, M.D., A.B., F.A.C.S., specialist 
' ' in Abdominal Surgery, New York City, occupies a representa- 
tive place of prominence among medical men in the Metropolis, a 
fact which deserves additional weight from the circumstance that 
Dr. Barber is still a young man not yet in the prime of life. His 
career is a notable exception to the rule that distinction in the medical 
profession is an honor of slow growth and late maturity. Whether 
as practitioner, instructor or author, Dr. Barber possesses solid attain- 
ments that bespeak for him a brilliant future. 
William Howard Barber was born September 22, 1886, at Brook- 
lyn, New York, a son of William E. and Ida (Smith) Barber, the 
former a well known New York transportation man, being the organ- 
izer and president of the Red Star Towing and Transportation Com- 
pany. William Howard Barber attended public school No. 16, and the 
Boys' High School, Brooklyn, graduating from the former in 1901 
and the latter in 1905. He completed his classical education at Colum- 
bia College, Columbia University, from which he graduated with the 
degree of A.B., in 1909, and entered upon the study of medicina at 68 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, grad- 
uating from that institution with the degree of M.D., in 1911. He 
has since been engaged in the active practice of his profession in 
New York, latterly as a specialist in Abdominal Surgery, giving spe- 
cial attention to the Gastro-intestinal branch. Dr. Barber has held 
important connections with medical institutions. He has been an 
instructor in surgery and chief of the College Clinic at the New York 
University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College. Instructor in 
surgery at the Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital (New York), 
and attending surgeon at Bellevue Hospital. Some of Dr. Barber's 
more important contributions to medical literature are as follows: 
"Renal Infection" (Jour. A. M. A., read June, 1914); "Hydronephrosis" 
(Annals of Surg., Dec., 1914); "Uretero-Enteric Anastomosis," Mar., 1915; 
"Uretero-Enteric Anastomosis" (Jour. A. M. A., read June, 1915 [Oct., 1914]); 
"The Significance of Increased Duodenal Dilatability" (Med. Rec., Oct. 14, 
1914); "On the Co-ordination of the Two Ends of the Small Gut" (Int. Med. 
Jour., Vol. XXIII, 1916); "Chronic Dilatation of the Stomach" (Med. Rec., 
May 1, 1916); "Dilatation of the Duodenum" (Annals of Surg., Oct., 1915); 
"Segmental Resection for Gastric Ulcer" (Annals of Surg., Nov., 1916); "The 
Advancement of the Ileocolic Sphincter in Surgical Constipation" (Int. Med. 
Jour., XXIV, 1917); "Surgery of the Stomach" and "Tumors of the Stomach" 
(Ref. Handbook Med.) ; "Sciences," Wm. Wood & Co., New York (1916); "Ob- 
struction of the Appendix" (Med. Rec., May 5, 1917); "Annular Segmental Re- 
section," (Annals of Surg., Apr. 26, 1917); " Gastro-enterostomy-the Stoma 
and the Efferent Loop" (Int. Med. Jour., XXV, 1918); "Surgical Anomalies of 
the Ileocolon" (Med. Rec., Apr. 20, 1918), etc. 
Dr. Barber is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, a 
member of the American Medical Association, the New York State 
and County Medical societies, the New York Academy of Medicine, 
the Society for Experimental Medicine and Biology, and the Sigma 
Phi Upsilon, Phi Delta Theta, and Phi Alpha Sigma fraternities, 
and the Columbia University, New York Athletic and Richmond Hill 
Country clubs. 
On June 6, 1914, at Brooklyn, New York, Dr. Barber was married 
to Helen Chamberlain Schenck, a daughter of Condit and Ida (Bellis) 
Schenck, and they have children: William Howard, Jr., born Septem- 
ber 2, 1915; Helen Jane, born September 18, 1916, and Hugh, born 
May 23, 1918. 
T AMES WRIGHT MARKOE, M.D., Specialist in Obstetrics, founder 
J of the Sloane Maternity Hospital and the Midwifery Dispensary, 
now known as the Lying-in-Hospital, occupies a representative place 
of prominence among New York medical men. 
James Wright Markoe was born in New York City, July 19, 1862, 
a son of the celebrated Dr. Thomas Masters Markoe (Princeton Uni- 
versity, 1836, College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, 
1841), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 13, 1819. The 
Markoe family traces its descent through Peter Markoe, who became 
a resident of the Island of Santa Cruz, in the year 1702, where he 
continued to reside until 1747, and where he was the owner of large BIOGRAPHICAL 
69 
landed property, his estate being called "Clifton Hall." The family 
is of French-Huguenot origin, being among that large army of refu- 
gees who fled from France from religious persecution upon the revoca- 
tion of the Edict of Nantes. Francis and Elizabeth (Hartmann) 
Markoe, the great-grandparents of Di*. James Wright Markoe, had for 
son, Francis Markoe, grandfather of Dr. James W. Markoe, who was 
born on the Island of St. Croix, West Indies, June 5, 1774. For the 
purpose of acquiring an education, he came to the United States 
where he entered Princeton University, graduating therefrom in 
1795, upon which he returned home, where he remained, however, 
but for a short period, and, having made over to his brother all his 
interest in the family estates, he once more returned to this country, 
where he took up his permanent abode and founded, in the United 
States, the Markoe family. After spending a few years in business 
in Philadelphia, Mr. Markoe at length settled in New York City, 
where he engaged in the shipping business. He died in that city, 
February 16, 1848. 
His son, Thomas Masters Markoe, M.D., father of Dr. James W. 
Markoe, was the noted physician who filled so many important and 
responsible positions with institutions of this city, and of whose 
activities a brief account only can be compiled within the limits of 
this article. In 1839, Dr. Thomas Masters Markoe began his con- 
nection with the New York Hospital, being then appointed junior 
assistant, although he had not yet finished his college course; sub- 
sequently he became curator of the Pathological Museum, Lecturer 
on Pathological Anatomy, attending surgeon, and then consulting 
surgeon. His portrait in oils now hangs in the governor's room in 
that hospital. For some time, Dr. Markoe filled the chair of Anatomy 
in the Medical College at Castleton, Vermont ; he also filled the chair 
of Pathological Anatomy in the University of the City of New York 
for several years. In 1860 he was designated by the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons to fill a responsible appointment with that 
institution; he became Adjunct Professor of Surgery, serving in 
that capacity for ten years when he was made professor in that 
branch; from 1879 to 1891, he filled the chair of Professor of the 
Principles of Surgery, and in 1891, upon retiring, he was created 
Professor Emeritus. Dr. Markoe likewise served as vice-president 
of the College of Physicians and Surgeons for several years. The 
Governor of New York appointed Dr. Markoe to serve during the 
Civil War with the medical department of the Union army and he 
rendered efficient service at Fortress Monroe, Yorktown, Fredericks- 
burg and other points. Various well-known surgical publications 
and pamphlets owe their authorship to Dr. Markoe. He was a 
member of the Academy of Medicine, County Medical Society, Path- 
ological Society, Surgical Society, Medical and Surgical Society, and 
Society for the Relief of the Widows and Orphans of Medical Men. 
Dr. James Wright Markoe was prepared for college in St. Paul's 
School, New Hampshire, under the instruction of private tutors; he 
entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York in 1881, 70 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
from which he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine 
in 1885. He then entered the New York Hospital, surgical side, con- 
tinuing therewith for eighteen months; and then for six months was 
connected with the Nursery and Child's Hospital. Shortly thereafter 
he went to Europe and further pursued his studies in the Frauen 
Clinic, Munich, Germany. Returning to the United States, he be- 
came resident physician of the Sloane Maternity Hospital for one 
year, which institution Dr. Markoe had himself opened in December, 
1889. Dr. Markoe, in 1890, founded the Midwifery Dispensary in 
conjunction with Drs. Lambert and Painter; this Dispensary was 
absorbed in 1892 by the Society of the Lying-in-Hospital. Since 
1892 Dr. Markoe has been chief surgeon at the latter hospital, special- 
izing in obstetrics, and having a general oversight of hospital consti- 
tutions, appointments and management. 
Dr. Markoe holds membership in the New York Academy of Medi- 
cine, Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, and Society for Relief of 
Widows and Orphans; he is likewise a member of the following social 
clubs: The Century, the Metropolitan, the Racquet, and the New 
York Yacht clubs. 
In 1894, Dr. Markoe was united in marriage with Annette B. Wet- 
more, of New York City, daughter of David Wetmore, who traces 
his lineage from Cotton Mather. Their home is at No. 12 West Fifty- 
fifth Street. 
'EM! WARD J. BERMINGHAM, M.D., eminent surgeon and nose and 
throat specialist of New York City, has had an enviable career. 
As executive surgeon to the New York Throat, Nose and Lung Hos- 
pital, as well as founder and responsible head of the institution for 
nearly a third of a century, Dr. Bermingham's long connection with 
the institution stands as an example of service that not alone for 
length of years, but as well for unselfish devotion, is a record that 
speaks for itself in the high estimation in which he is held. Dr. 
Bermingham belongs to the scholarly, progressive type of physicians 
who by learning, dignity and strict conformity to correct standards of 
ethical requirements, have given so high a prestige to the profession. 
Edward J. Bermingham has been for nearly half a century a promi- 
nent representative of the medical profession, and has labored un- 
ceasingly to maintain its dignity and elevate its standard. He was 
born at Dublin Castle, Ireland, February 21, 1853, a son of Twiss 
and Elizabeth C. (Rutledge) Bermingham. At the age of three 
years he was brought to the United States by his parents, who located 
in New York City, where the son received his elementary education 
in the public schools and the College of the City of New York. In 
1870 he began the study of medicine with the celebrated surgeon, 
Dr. Willard Parker, from whose office graduated so many men who 
became distinguished in medicine and adorned the profession in this 
great city. At the same time he entered the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons in this city, and graduated a prize man three years 
later. After a visit to the medical centers of Europe, and the usual BIOGRAPHICAL 
71 
hospital course, he began the practice of his profession as an assist- 
ant to his former preceptor, who had already selected him, during 
his student years, as a man who was to be heard from among the 
many bright young men who flocked to obtain the privilege of private 
instruction in that busy office. He remained the associate of Dr. 
Willard Parker up to the time of the latter's death in 1884. His 
literary career began unusually early, for in 1874 he was invited 
by Dr. F. A. P. Barnard, president of Columbia College and editor- 
in-chief of "Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia," to prepare a special 
article on a physiological subject for this great work. Other articles 
followed, and their preparation occupied every spare moment until 
1876, and the result is seen in Dr. Bermingham's signature to nearly 
all the special articles on medicine and the collateral sciences in the 
cyclopedia. In 1876 were just beginning to be received and prac- 
tised by the profession those ideas on the germ theory and antisepsis 
in surgery which have since revolutionized the surgical world. Im- 
bued with the love of that department of medical science which he 
had absorbed from his renowned preceptor, and seeing the necessity 
for a journal devoted exclusively to that branch, wherein the most 
progressive men could exchange ideas and unfold the new departure, 
he conceived the original idea of establishing such a periodical, the 
first of its kind in this country, and the Archives of Clinical Sur- 
gery (monthly) became the medium of the most advanced surgeons 
in America and Europe. He assumed the editorship and had the 
co-operation of sub-editors in all the medical centers of this country 
and Europe. The Archives at once took rank as a periodical of 
the highest standard, and its great success induced its founder in the 
following year (1877), to project a weekly journal of medicine, The 
Medical Gazette. The success of this last venture was phenomenal. 
It soon attained a weekly circulation of ten thousand copies-at that 
time the largest in the world for a medical journal-and wielded an 
enormous influence in shaping public and professional opinion. Two 
such journals, with private and hospital practice, would seem to be 
sufficient for one man; but Dr. Bermingham, although at that time 
only twenty-five years of age, had apparently an unlimited capacity 
for work, and only those who have actually carried on the labor of 
editing a periodical can appreciate the anxiety connected therewith. 
He had become interested in State medicine, and, believing that there 
should be a means of communication between sanitarians and the 
public, founded Public Health (weekly). He became a volumi- 
nous writer on medical, sanitary, and medico-ethical subjects, and 
took an active part in the proceedings of all medical and scientific 
societies. During this period he strengthened many warm attach- 
ments, some of them long previously formed, among the most eminent 
men in the profession, and one of them that he most frequently de- 
lights to call up reminiscences of was the late Dr. Frank H. Hamil- 
ton, whose intimate friend and companion he remained to the day 
of the latter's death. The extent of these friendships is sufficient evi- 
dence of the esteem in which Dr. Bermingham was, even at that time, 72 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
held in the highest ranks of the medical world. In 1881-83 he edited 
and published "The Library of Medical Classics" (9 vols. 8 mo.) and 
"Bermingham's Medical Library" (31 vols. 12mo). During his ten 
years of editorial life there also appeared from his pen, "An Encyclo- 
pedic Index of Medicine and Surgery," "A Plea for Cremation," 
and "Practical Therapeutics," as well as numerous brochures. He 
has always been an earnest and uncompromising advocate for a higher 
standard of medical education and the maintenance of a professional 
code of ethics, and he has taken every advantage of his influential 
position to impress his convictions upon his readers and the profession 
in general. 
In 1878 the University of the City of New York, in recognition of 
his achievements in medical literature, conferred upon him the hon- 
orary degree of A.M., and in 1880 he was elected a member of the 
Anthropological Society of Paris. He has also been vice-president of 
the American Academy of Medicine and of the Society of Medical 
Jurisprudence, and is a fellow of the New York Academy of Med- 
icine, a member of the New York State and County Medical associa- 
tions, and many other medical and scientific bodies. During all these 
years, Dr. Bermingham has been continuously engaged in private 
and hospital practice, devoting himself largely to the study of affec- 
tions of the throat, nose and lungs. It is as a specialist in this depart- 
ment of medicine that he has been best known for many years, dur- 
ing which he has been in the enjoyment of a large and lucrative prac- 
tice devoted exclusively to his specialty. He is now the surgeon-in- 
chief to the New York Throat, Nose and Lung Hospital, an institution 
founded by him in 1891 for the purpose of giving free treatment to 
poor patients. Beginning with one room, fifteen feet by fifty, used 
only as a dispensary, it has now (1918) a fully equipped building 
occupying a lot sixty by one hundred feet. Starting with three 
clinics weekly, it closed its twentieth year averaging sixty-five clinics 
weekly, and with fifty beds. Beginning with one surgeon, it now 
numbers seventy. Beginning with a throat and nose clinic only, it 
now holds clinics in eight departments. In addition it conducts 
tuberculosis camps, and special clinics for tuberculosis cases, main- 
tains fifty beds for the treatment of diseases of the throat, nose and 
lungs, free beds for eye, ear and tuberculosis cases, also a clinic for 
dentistry and oral surgery, established in 1905, besides conducting 
five afternoon and four evening clinics in the several diseases of cases 
treated in the institution. It has lately added a Clinic of Specialties, 
which embraces all medical and surgical specialties. Dr. Berming- 
ham is also special consultant for diseases of the nose and throat to 
the French Hospital. For many years he was a lecturer at the 
Women's Medical College, and Professor of Diseases of the Throat and 
Nose at the New York School of Clinical Medicine, and held staff 
appointments at many local hospitals, including physician to the 
Lincoln Hospital, the Northern Dispensary, the Central Dispensary, 
the Chapin House, and the City Institutions on Randall's Island. He 
was also a director of the Sanitarium for Consumptive Poor, at BIOGRAPHICAL 
73 
Cornwall, New York, and Laryngologist to the Children's Surgical 
Hospital. 
In 1890, in connection with his cautery operations on the nose 
and throat, he devised a means of effectually controlling and modify- 
ing the Edison current so that it could be safely used direct for 
heating knives and electrodes for all cautery operations. The "Elec- 
trical Review" describes the apparatus as "very ingenious . . . con- 
sisting of a rheostat made of coils of iron wire and a handle. The 
peculiarity of the handle consists in its having solid conductors, and 
the electrical circuit is, therefore, always closed. The current is, 
however, under the control of the operator at all times, and can be 
allowed to pass to or from the knife or electrode instantaneously and 
without producing an arc, by the simple pressure or relaxation of his 
thumb." This apparatus, embodying new principles, marks an epoch 
in the history of the electric current, and one portion of it, the iron 
wire rheostat, has been utilized at the suggestion of the inventor for 
the purpose of employing the Edison current in the heating of houses. 
The more recent work from Dr. Bermingham's pen is a treatise on 
"Chronic Nasal Catarrh." His writings of late years have been 
confined to his special department of medicine. His style is terse and 
practical. 
Dr. Bermingham married, in 1878, Nettie Russell, of New York 
City, who has been his sympathetic companion and valued helpmate 
in all his work. 
Dr. Bermingham, a brief account of whose principal works we 
have given above, is a true representative of the best element of the 
really progressive medical profession of the metropolis, a medical 
faculty second to none in the world. The success he has attained is 
due to no extraneous influences, that count so largely in the rise of 
some, but is owing to the qualities of his mental constitution which 
would not allow of his remaining in the rank and file. His habits 
of long and continuous hard work and study, his great and versatile 
executive ability, and his ingenious, inventive faculty have all con- 
tributed to give him that eminence among his colleagues which is 
universally acknowledged. In these days of specialism in medicine, 
it is often a great misfortune that the idea is carried too far, or 
rather is greatly misunderstood, and young men commence too early 
to train themselves in a narrow field without having first had that 
wide and general experience which is absolutely necessary to the 
attainment of real knowledge and efficiency in a special branch. Dr. 
Bermingham was wise enough, aided by the advice and direction of 
his distinguished preceptor, to start rightly in his successful career. 
He became a specialist in his department only after years of work in 
the wider field of general medical and surgical practice had peculiarly 
fitted him to deal more broadly with the class of cases that kept 
increasing on his hands, owing to successes obtained in that line, and 
finally forced him to limit the boundaries of his work so that they 
now exclusively engage his attention. In other words, it was a matter 
with him of evolution and special adaptation, which is the only true 74 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
way that any specialist should ever become such. The history of all 
who have obtained a real and permanent success in a special line of 
practice is the same. 
Dr. Bermingham is now (1918) sixty-five years of age, but he is still 
young, active, and energetic in years and heart as well. His com- 
panionship and conversation are always refreshing, stimulating, and 
refining. He has all those qualities that make the physician of the 
present polite age in such striking contrast with the ancient Aber- 
nethy style, and which encourage the patient and endear his medical 
adviser to him. A large portion of his time has always been employed 
in the free treatment of the poor in dispensary and hospital work, 
not alone in the view of technical improvement, but from motives of 
true charitable service. The institution over which he now presides 
as surgeon-in-chief, the New York Throat, Nose and Lung Hospital, 
is sufficient evidence of this, for it is through his efforts almost solely 
that the institution was founded, and has so rapidly grown to those 
proportions which it has now assumed. It will be a permanent monu- 
ment to his qualities as a man and a physician. 
WIRGIL PENDLETON GIBNEY, A.M., LL.D., M.D., eminent spe- 
v cialist in Orthopedic Surgery, New York City, has had an en- 
viable career. For over a quarter of a century Professor of Orthope- 
dic Surgery and twice president of the American Orthopedic Associa- 
tion, Dr. Gibney early attained a national reputation in his chosen 
field of practice. As surgeon-in-ehief to the Hospital for Ruptured 
and Crippled and other institutions, Dr. Gibney's hospital record 
stands as an example of service, that not alone for length of years, 
but as well for unselfish devotion speaks for itself. The success he 
has attained is due to no extraneous influences that count so largely 
in the rise of some, but is owing to the qualities of his mental consti- 
tution which would not allow of his remaining in the rank and file. 
His habits of long and intensive hard work and study, his great and 
versatile executive ability and rare professional talents, have all con- 
tributed to give him the eminence among his colleagues which he 
enjoys. Still active and energetic, with an intellect keen as of yore, 
Dr. Gibney has recently been accepted for the volunteer medical 
service corps in the European War. 
Dr. Virgil P. Gibney, who held the chair of Orthopedic Surgery 
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York City from 
the time the office was endowed up to June, 1917, was born in 
Jessamine County, near Lexington, Kentucky, September 29, 1847, 
the son of Dr. Robert Alexander and Amanda (Weagley) Gibney. 
Dr. Gibney, Sr., was a descendant of a north of Ireland ancestry, 
graduated from the Transylvania University, medical department, and 
for many years successfully practiced his profession in the State of 
Kentucky; his death occurred at Lexington, Kentucky. His wife was 
descended from an old and honored Maryland family. 
Dr. Gibney prepared for college in the country schools and in an 
academy in Nicholasville, Jessamine county, Kentucky; pursued his BIOGRAPHICAL 
75 
studies in Georgetown College for one year; then entered the College 
of Arts, Kentucky University, from which he received the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts in 1869; attended one course of lectures at the 
University of Louisville, and received the degree of Doctor of Medi- 
cine from the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1871; obtained the 
degree of Master of Arts from Kentucky University in 1872, and in 
1899 the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him by the 
same institution. He was not fortunate enough to be able to take 
a quiz and grind, but taking advantage of his opportunities in the 
Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled, he kept track of cases, wrote 
them up and secured final results. By dint of hard work in this 
hospital as interne, for thirteen years he kept a complete history of 
cases, made a systematic study of Orthopedic science, and is perhaps 
more familiar with the natural history of the diseases of joints and 
deformities than any other physician in the country. 
In 1884 he engaged in private practice, which steadily increased as 
the years went by, and in 1903 the territory from which his patients 
came extended from Maine to the Northwest States and from Nova 
Scotia to Florida. In 1887 he was appointed surgeon-in-chief to the 
Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled, which position he has filled up 
to the present time. He received the appointment of Consulting 
Orthopedic Surgeon to the Nursery and Child's General Hospital, and 
fills a similar position in the Montefiore Home. In 1882 he was one 
of the organizers of the New York Polyclinic, holding the position of 
Professor of Orthopedic Surgery for ten years, and occupied the Chair 
of Orthopedic Surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
New York City for twenty-three years. 
Dr. Gibney is a member of the American Medical Association; the 
American Orthopedic Association, being its first president, and after 
twenty-five years served a second term; the New York State Medical 
Society; the Clinical Congress of American College of Surgeons; 
a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, a member of the New 
York County Medical Society, the New York Academy of Medicine, 
the Pathological Society, the Society of Widows and Orphans of 
Medical Men, the Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, and the 
Practitioners' Society, of which he is a charter member. He is a 
member of the University Club, the Century Association, the Garden 
City Golf Club and an ex-president of the Brooklawn Country 
Club. 
Dr. Gibney has contributed many valuable medical articles which 
have been presented before societies and published in the medical 
journals and periodicals of the day. Among them being: 
"The Strumous Element in the Etiology of Joint-disease, from an Analysis of 
Eight Hundred and Sixty Cases" (N. Y. Med. Jour., July and Aug., 1877). 
"Caries of the Ankle in Children" (Amer. Jour, of Obstetrics and Diseases 
of Women and Children, Vol. 12, No. 2, April, 1880). 
"Peri-nephritis" (Chicago Med. Jour, and Examiner, June, 1880). 
"The Hip and Its Diseases," (Bermingham & Co., 1884). 
"The Treatment of Lateral Curvature by Posture and Exercise" (N. Y. Med. 
Jour., 1888, Vol. 48, 288-291). 76 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
"Chronic Joint Diseases and Constitutional Treatment" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 
1888, Vol. 34, 472). 
"Immobilization in Articular Diseases" (N. Y. Med. Jour., 1888, Vol. 48, 
457-459). 
"Haematoma of Hip" (Med. News, 1888). 
"Acute Epiphysitis of the Hip" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1887, Vol. 31, 264; 
disc. 277). 
"A Case of Dissecting Aneurism About the Hip Dependent Upon Rupture 
of the Internal Pubic Artery" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1887, Vol. 32, 241-243). 
"The Orthopedic Treatment of Tuberculous Disease of the Knee in Children" 
(Archives of Pediatrics, Phila., 1889, Vol. 6, 384-390). 
' ' The Orthopedic Treatment of Tuberculous Disease of the Knee in Chil- 
dren. ' ' 
"The 'Boat-belly' of Tuberculous Meningitis" (A Clinical Report, Archives 
of Pediatrics, Phila., 1889, Vol. 6, 548-550; 1 pl.). 
"Remarks on the Management of Hip Disease" (Canada Practitioner, Toronto, 
1889, Vol. 14, 365-368). 
' ' The Immediate Correction of Deformities Resulting from Disease of the 
Hip" (N. Y. Med. Jour., 1889, Vol. 49, 116-120). 
"Muscular Deformities of Nervous Origin and their Treatment" (N. Y. 
Med. Jour., 1889, Vol. 49, 468-471). 
"Reproduction of the Entire Patella After Necrosis and Removal by Opera- 
tion; Functions of the Joint Fully Restored" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1889, Vol. 
35, 417). 
"Spondylolisthesis of Traumatic Origin" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1889, Vol. 35, 347). 
"Immobilization in Articular Diseases" (Transactions of the American Or- 
thopedic Assoc., 1887-88; Boston, 1889, Vol. I, 227-241). 
"The Typhoid Spine" (N. Y. Med. Jour., 1889, Vol. I, 596-598). 
' ' The Treatment of Drop-wrist and Allied Paralysis, with Presentation of a 
Case" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1889, Vol. 36, 482). 
"A Contribution to the Study of Flat-foot" (American Surg., St. Louis, 1890, 
Vol. 11, 41-43). 
"The Operative Treatment of Talipes Calcaneus Paralyticus" (Boston Med. 
and Surg. Jour., 1890, Vol. 122, 205-208). 
"A Case of Osteitis Deformans, or Paget's Disease" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1890, 
Vol. 37, 452). 
"Artificial Feet in a Case of Arrested Development" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1890). 
"Report of Two Cases of Death in Young Children During the Administra- 
tion of Chloroform" (with H. M. Sherman) (N. Y. Med. Jour., 1890, Vol. 
37, 289). 
"The Typhoid Spine" (Transactions of the American Orthopedic Assoc., Phila., 
1889, Vol. 2, 19-30). 
"Cases of Cuneiform Osteotomy for Relief of Double Congenital-equino-varus " 
(Am. Surg., St. Louis, 1890, Vol. 11, 334-337). 
"A Contribution to the Therapeutics of Spastic Paralysis" (N. Y. Jour, of 
Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1890, Vol. 17, 520-523). 
"The Prognosis of Lateral Curvature" (Med. Rec., 1890, Vol. 37, 204-206). 
"Talipes, or Club-foot" (Revue D'Orthopedie, July 1, 1890, Paris). 
"Supplemental Treatment of the Paralysis of Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis" 
(Med. News, Phila., 1891, Vol. 59, 422-425). 
"An Early Diagnosis the Best Treatment in Pott's Disease of the Spine" 
(N. Y. Med. Rec., 1891, Vol. 40, 474). 
"Orthopedic Surgery; Its Definition and Scope" (N. Y. Med. Jour., 1891, 
Vol. 54, 507-509). 
"Muscular Deformities of Nervous Origin and Their Treatment" (Toledo, 
Nov., 1891). 
"The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip-Joint Disease" (Boston Med. and 
Surg. Jour., 1891, Vol. 125, 613-616). 
"Pott's Disease of the Spine" (International Clinical Jour., Phila., 1891, Vol. 
3, 146-152). 
"The Complications and Sequelae of Tuberculous Lesions Involving the Joints, BIOGRAPHICAL 
77 
with a Discussion on the Most Efficient Management" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1892, 
Vol. 41, 344-347). 
"Talipes Calcaneus Paralyticus; Extreme; Shortening of Tendo-Achillis by 
V-shaped Incision After Willets" (Archives of Pediatrics, Phila., 1892, Vol. 
9, 284). 
"Ankle-joint Disease in Children" (International Med. Mag., Phila., 1892, 
Vol. 1, 715-719). 
"The Surgical Treatment of Acute Arthritis of the Hip in Infants" (N. Y. 
Med. Rec., 1892, Vol. 42, 505). 
"Lorenz Operation for Congenital Dislocation of Hip" (Archives of Pedi- 
atrics, N. Y., 1892, Vol. 9, 911-913). 
"Excision of the Hip for Extensive Disease" (Archives of Pediatrics, N. Y., 
1893, Vol. 10, 39-41). 
"Sub-Cutaneous Osteotomy of Femur for Correction of Deformity at Hip" 
(Archives of Pediatrics, N. Y., 1893, Vol. 10, 41). 
"The Modern Treatment of Sprained Ankle" (N. Y. Polyclinic, 1893, Vol. 
1, 3-6). 
"The Treatment of the Suppurative Stage of Osteitis of Hip" (Supplemented 
by Analysis of ninety Cases in Hospital Practice, Amer. Lancet, Detroit, 
1893, N. S., Vol. 17, 121-124). 
"Final Results in Tuberculous Osteitis of the Knee in Children Commonly 
known as White Swelling" (Amer. Jour. Med. Soc., Phila., 1893, N. S., Vol. 106, 
403-413). 
"The Treatment of Deformities After Paralysis" (International Med. Mag., 
Phila., 1893, Vol. 2, 932-935). 
"The Ischiatic Crutch; Its Place in the Treatment of Hip Disease" (Amer. 
Med. and Surg. Bull., Nov. 15, 1894). 
' ' Multiple Congenital Deformities with Arrest of Development, more espe- 
cially a Description of the Hand Resembling a Walrus Fin" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 
1893, Vol. 44, 835-838). 
"A Case of Myositis Ossificans with Multiple Exostosis" (N. Y. Polyclinic, 
1893, Vol. 3, 161). 
"The Non-operative Treatment of Meta tarsalgia " (N. Y. Jour, of Nervous and 
Mental Diseases, 1894, Vol. 21, 589-596). 
"The Correction of Deformity of Hip Disease; Its Value During the Progress 
of the Disease; Its Importance on the Subsidence of all Diseases; One Hundred 
Cases Analyzed" (International Med. Mag., Phila., 1894-95, Vol. 3, 710-719, 2 pl.). 
"Operative Procedures in Congenital and Acquired Dislocation of the Hip 
in Children" (Amer. Surgeon, Phila., 1894, Vol. 20, 621-641). 
"Chronic and Sub-acute Rheumatoid Arthritis of Knee, Usually Monarticu- 
lar" (Denver Med. Times, 1894-95, Vol. 14, 245-252). 
"Sprained Ankle; A Treatment that Involves no Loss of Time, Requires no 
Crutches, and is not Attended with an Ultimate Impairment of Function" (N. Y. 
Med. Jour., 1895, Vol. 61, 193-197). 
"Orthopedic Surgery" (System Surgery (Dennis), Phila., 1895, Vol. 2, 265- 
365). 
"The Management of Irritable Spine" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1896, Vol. 49, 654- 
656; discussion, 662-664). 
"The Treatment by Super-heated Dry Air of Stiff and Painful Joints, In- 
cluding Rheumatism and Tuberculosis, at Hospital for the Ruptured and Crip- 
pled" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 1897, Vol. 51, 109-111). 
"Orthopedic Operations at the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled from 
October 1, 1895, to October 1, 1896" (Annals of Surg., Phila., 1897, Vol. 11, 
315-331). 
"Compression Paraplegia in Pott's Disease of the Spine Based upon an 
Analysis of Seventy-four Cases" (N. Y. Jour, of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 
1897, Vol. 24, 195-209). 
"Excision of the Head of the Astragalus in Inveterate Club-foot" (Denver 
Med. Times, 1897-98, Vol. 17, 37-39). 
"The Treatment of Convalescent Club-foot' (Canada Jour, of Medicine and 
Surg., Toronto, 1898, Vol. 4, 131-136). 78 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
"Clinical Experience in the Management of Tuberculous Sinuses and Ab- 
scesses and Foci" (Virginia Mag., Semi-monthly, Richmond, 1898-1899, Vol. 3, 
375-379). 
"A Contribution to the Study of Hip Disease; On the Ultimate Results of 
the Mechanical and Operative Treatment, with an Analysis of One Hundred and 
Fifty Cases Observed in the Ruptured and Crippled" (W. J. H. Waterman and 
W. G. Reynolds) (Annals of Surg., Phila., 1898, Vol. 28, 435-454). 
"Supra-malleolar Osteotomy for Obstinate Club-foot" (Am. Surgeon, Phila., 
1898, Vol. 28, 517). 
" Metatarsalgia, Its Treatment by Specially Constructed Boots" (N. Y. Med. 
Rec., 1899, Vol. 15, 151-154). 
"Three Cases Illustrating the Diagnosis of Coxa Vara" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 
1899, Vol. 15, 438). 
"Mechanical and Surgical Problems in the Paralysis of Children," read before 
the Hartford Medical Society, April 2, 1900 (St. Louis Courier of Medicine, 
May, 1900). 
"Certain Aspects of Bone and Joint Disease of Interest to the General Prac- 
titioner" (Med. News, Oct. 28, 1899). 
"The Treatment of Rheumatic and Allied Diseases Complicated by Deformity" 
(Feb. 1, 1901). 
"American Year Book of Medicine and Surgery," George M. Gould-Saunders, 
Philadelphia, (W. H. W. G.) 1896-97-98; (W. J. H. W.) 1899-1900-1901. 
' ' Diagnosis and Management of Some of the More Common Lesions of the Adult 
Knee" (Phila. Med. Jour., May 10, 1902). 
"Excision of the Knee for Vicious Deformity and Tuberculous Disease in the 
Adult," 1902. 
At Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1883, Dr. Gibney married (first) 
Charlotte L. Chapin, and one child was born to them, Robert A. Gib- 
ney ; Mrs. Gibney died in 1888. At Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1893, 
he married (second) Julia A. Trubee, a descendant of honored New 
England ancestry. Their children are: Marian Pindell and Susan 
Alvord Gibney. The family reside at No. 16 Park Avenue, New York. 
T^DWARD KELLOGG DUNHAM, M.D., educator, scientist, and 
eminent American pathologist, was born in Newburg, New York, 
September 1, 1860, son of Dr. Carroll and Harriet Elvira (Kellogg) 
Dunham. Edward Dunham, his grandfather, was a New York mer- 
chant, prominent in his day as president of the Corn Exchange Bank, 
New York City; and his father, Dr. Carroll Dunham, gained high 
place in the history of medicine in New York, having been president 
of the American Institution of Homeopathy, and dean of the New 
York Homeopathic Medical College, and during his active professional 
career was the author of some valued medical works. 
The early life of Edward Kellogg Dunham was passed in an envir- 
onment of academics and science; his mother, a cultured gentlewoman 
of high intellectual accomplishments, personally supervised his pri- 
mary education, and his father, by his example and precept, early 
inculcated into the boy a liking for and knowledge of chemistry and 
physics. Of studious disposition, the boy's early reading was con- 
siderable and profound, including such standard works as Wagner's 
"Chemical Philosophy," a life of Robert Stephenson, Chambers' 
Miscellanies, and the British essayists. And when Edward Kellogg 
Dunham was thirteen years of age, his parents encouraged him in his BIOGRAPHICAL 
79 
studious scientific bent by building for his, and his younger brothers' 
free use a small workshop and laboratory, wherein was a charcoal fur- 
nace and many other facilities for chemical and physical experiment, 
and the boy thus acquired early familiarity with the properties con- 
stituting the common chemical elements and many of their compounds. 
After further comprehensive study under private classical and mathe- 
matical tutors, Edward Kellogg Dunham, in 1877, entered the School 
of Mines, Columbia University, pursuing the course of chemistry 
therein, and following the mathematical lectures with assiduity and 
much profit. As an undergraduate, he gained prominence, and, 
although he belonged to the class in chemistry, was unanimously 
elected president of the Undergraduates' Society of Engineering. In 
his graduation, in 1881, he was placed at the head of his class, gain- 
ing the prize for the most original mathematical article of the year. 
Notwithstanding his attainments at the School of Mines, however, he 
did not further pursue this branch of science, having meanwhile 
decided to enter the medical profession. With that object in view, 
Edward K. Dunham attached himself to the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, Columbia University, in 1881, as a student, but after 
studying thereat for one year, he was of the opinion that at Harvard 
University Medical School he would advance more rapidly in the 
knowledge of medicine; consequently, he journeyed to Boston in the 
autumn of 1882, and entered the second year class of Harvard Uni- 
versity, medical department, choosing the four-year course. During 
his third year, he taught histology to the students of the Veterinary 
School of Harvard, and became interested in the study of malignant 
disease, pursuing research in the pathological laboratory of the 
College. In 1886 he was graduated, with degree cum laude, his thesis 
on "a peculiar tumor of the breast" receiving honorable mention. 
After having received his degree as Doctor of Medicine, Dr. Dun- 
ham proceeded to Europe, where he took post-graduate courses, and 
pursued considerable research in various leading European centres 
of medicine; he was for one year in Berlin, Germany, where he studied 
in the pathological department of the University, taking also an 
elementary course in bacteriology in the Hygienic Institute. Later, 
the eminent Professor Koch assigned certain investigations in cholera 
to Dr. Dunham, upon which research Dr. Dunham labored for eight 
months in the laboratory of the Hygienic Institute, and then pub- 
lished a monograph on "Indol Production by the Cholera Bacillus." 
Having accepted appointment as bacteriologist to the Massachusetts 
State Board of Health, which was then enlarging its work on the 
purification of water and sewage, Dr. Dunham returned to America in 
1887, and in that year also acted as pathologist to a Boston hospital. In 
the following year, Dr. Dunham removed to New York City, since 
which time he has been continuously and increasingly active as a 
well-regarded member of the medical fraternity of the city. In 
the year of his coming, he was appointed instructor in Histology in 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, subsequently advancing to the 
chair of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Hygiene, which professorial 80 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
capacity he retained when the college was merged eventually with 
the New York University. 
Dr. Dunham's standing among the physicians of New York is in 
accord with the quality of his education, and he has manifested the 
value he derived from association with such eminent preceptors as 
Professor Van Amringe, of Columbia, Professor Goodale, of Harvard, 
and Professor Koch, of Berlin. He also benefited much by a year 
spent in Gottingen and Vienna (1890-1891). Dr. Dunham is identi- 
fied with many of the leading medical and scientific organizations 
of the country, being a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, 
American Chemical Society, American Medical Association, the New 
York Academy of Medicine, the American Pathological and Bacterio- 
logical Society, the New York Pathological Society, and the New York 
State and County Medical societies. He is also a fellow of the Amer- 
ican Association for the Advancement of Science, and belongs to the 
University and the Century clubs. 
On June 4, 1893, in New York City, Dr. Dunham was married to 
Mary Dows, daughter of David Dows, of New York. They have 
children as follows: Theodora, born in 1895; Edward K., Jr., born 
in 1900. 
E) OYAL SAMUEL COPELAND, M.A., M.D., F.A.C.S., Health Com- 
1 v missioner of New York, eminent specialist in Ophthalmology, and 
Dean of the Faculty of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College 
and Flower Hospital during the most noteworthy period of develop- 
ment in the history of the institution, has attained to the most honor- 
able distinctions in his profession. He has not, however, been a physi- 
cian to the exclusion of all other aims. As former mayor, and presi- 
dent of the Board of Education of Ann Arbor, Michigan, and candi- 
date for Congress, he was at one time actively identified with political 
and educational affairs, is one of the most prominent lay members 
of the Methodist Episcopal church in the country, and has been other- 
wise actively identified with civic, social and moral progress. 
Royal S. Copeland was born in Dexter, Michigan, November 7, 1868, 
a son of Roscoe Pulaski and Frances (Holmes) Copeland. The an- 
cestry of Dr. Copeland is traced back to the first New England set- 
tlers, the progenitor of the Copeland family having been Lawrence 
Copeland, who came from England and settled, at Plymouth, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1651. 
Royal S. Copeland received a liberal classical education in the pub- 
lic schools of his native place, and graduated from the Dexter High 
School, later attending the Michigan State Normal College. He 
entered upon the study of medicine at the University of Michigan 
Medical College, graduating therefrom in 1889 with the degree of 
M.D. He then was appointed house surgeon at the University of 
Michigan Homoeopathic Hospital, where he remained for one year, 
at the expiration of that time going to Europe for research and study 
in the famous clinics and hospitals of England, France, Germany, 
Switzerland and Belgium. Upon his return to this country he en- BIOGRAPHICAL 
81 
gaged in the general practice of his profession in Bay City, Michigan, 
and in 1895 was appointed a member of the Faculty of the University 
of Michigan as Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology, remaining 
in this capacity until 1908, when he removed to New York City to 
become Professor of Ophthalmology and Dean of the Faculty of the 
New York Homoeopathic Medical College and Flower Hospital. Be- 
fore coming to New York, Dr. Copeland was prominent in Michigan 
State affairs, and active in the civic, educational and religious affairs 
of the city of Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1901 he was elected mayor 
of Ann Arbor, which office he held until 1903, and during the years 
1903-08 he presided over the deliberations of the Board of Educa- 
tion of that city. He was also a candidate for election as congress- 
man from the Second Congressional District of the State of Michigan, 
and came into national prominence among Methodist-Episcopal work- 
ers by his indefatigable labors in the cause. In 1900 he was a delegate 
to the Methodist Ecumenical Conference held in London, England. 
From 1900 to 1908 he was treasurer of the National Board of Con- 
trol, Epworth League, and served one term as president of the 
Michigan League, and was three times elected a member of the general 
conferences of the Methodist Episcopal church. He also served on 
the Tuberculosis Commission of Michigan, was trustee of the State 
Tuberculosis Sanitarium, and president of the Ann Arbor Board of 
Park Commissioners. Dr. Copeland has been elected to many offices 
of honor in medical organizations. He was president of the American 
Ophthalmological and Otological Association, 1904-05; president of 
the American Institute of Homoeopathy, 1907-08; elected a delegate 
to the World's Homoeopathic Congress, held in London, in 1896; has 
served as president of the Saginaw Valley Medical Society; secretary, 
vice-president and president of the Michigan Homoeopathic Society; 
president of the Laryngological Society; corresponding member of 
the British Homoeopathic Society; trustee of the New York Ophthal- 
mologic Hospital; director of Flower Hospital; governor of the Mich- 
igan Society of New York; president of the University of Michigan 
Club, and a member of the Board of Ambulance Service, New York 
City; he is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, and in 
1897 Lawrence University conferred upon him the degree of Master of 
Arts. Dr. Copeland's hospital work in New York City has been con- 
fined mainly to Flower Hospital, where he is also at the present time 
attending oculist. Dr. Copeland has contributed much to medical 
literature that has been of interest and value to the profession, among 
his more noteworthy writings being: ' ' Refraction; " " Diseases of the 
Ear;" "Scientific Reasonableness of Homoeopathy," and he is also 
the author of several other subjects of a general nature, his articles 
on foreign travel having appeared in leading magazines. Dr. Cope- 
land is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Nobles of the Mystic 
Shrine, and is a Knights Templar. He is also a member of the New 
York Athletic and Graduates clubs, University of Michigan Club, 
and the Fallowcroft Club, of Detroit, Michigan, as well as the D.K.E. 
Transportation Club, and Delta Kappa Epsilon, and Alpha Sigma 82 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
fraternities. He is a member of the New York State Committee, 
Medical Section, Council of National Defense. 
At Ann Arbor, Michigan, July 15, 1908, Dr. Copeland was married 
to Frances Spalding, a daughter of Major Spalding, of Ann Arbor 
They have one son, Royal Spalding, born September 12, 1910. 
JT'OWARD BRADFORD DENCH, Bachelor of Philosophy of Yale, 
Doctor of Medicine of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
New York (Columbia University), fellow of the American College 
of Surgeons, Professor of Otology for more than twenty years at lead- 
ing New York medical colleges, Consulting Otologist with many im- 
portant hospital appointments, and widely known as an authority on 
Otological Surgery, was born at Leedsville, Connecticut, January 16, 
1864, son of Josiah Bradford and Frances M. (Lester) Dench. 
After primary education in local schools and privately, Edward B. 
Dench entered the High School of Bridgeport, Connecticut, from 
which he graduated to the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale Univer- 
sity in 1879, and taking the three-year course succeeded in gaining the 
degree of Bachelor of Philosophy when he graduated with the class 
of 1883. Thence he proceeded to New York city to follow exclusively 
the study of medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
New York, which is the medical department of Columbia University. 
There he closely followed his studies, and so was able to graduate 
in 1885, and thus become entitled to the degree of Doctor of Medicine, 
which was in due course awarded him. Thereafter followed an interne- 
ship of two years in New York hospitals, part of the period being 
passed as house surgeon at St. Luke's Hospital, New York City, and 
the remainder in like capacity at Chambers Street Hospital. He then 
entered private practice of general medicine, but also pursued inde- 
fatigably his special study of otology, and in course of time found it 
necessary to confine his practice absolutely to the specialty. 
His grasp of the subject and success in treatment in course of time 
came to be generally recognized in the profession, and he was invited 
to undertake many professional and educational responsibilities in 
this line of medical science. As an educator Dr. Dench has a long 
record of able service, and a considerable number of successful physi- 
cians of to-day have been under his preeeptorship. In 1890 he was 
appointed to the faculty of the New York Polyclinic Medical School 
and Hospital, occupying the chair of Otology thereat until 1893, when 
he resigned to accept a similar professorship at the Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College, New York City. In 1898 the Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College and the New York University Medical College were 
merged, the combined college then becoming known as the University 
and Bellevue Hospital Medical College. With the merger the facul- 
ties of the two colleges necessarily underwent considerable change, 
but Dr. Dench was retained as Professor of Otology in the combined 
school, and has continued as such to the present. 
As an authority on otology, Dr. Dench has been nationally recog- 
nized by the profession, and has been a prominent member of some BIOGRAPHICAL 
83 
of the leading medical associations. The undermentioned organiza- 
tions are among those professional societies in which Dr. Dench holds 
membership: The American Medical Association; the American 
Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Association; the New 
York Academy of Medicine; the American Otological Society; the 
New York Otological Society; the Medical Society of the State of 
New York; the New York County Association; and the alumni asso- 
ciations of the New York and St. Luke's hospitals. Besides which 
he holds a fellowship in the American College of Surgeons. 
His standing as an otological surgeon has brought Dr. Dench many 
hospital appointments during his generation of association with New 
York medicine. He has been consulting otologist to St. Luke's Hos- 
pital, New York City, since 1896, and is consulting otologist and 
surgeon to the New York Orthopedic Hospital and Dispensary, and 
the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. Entirely on otological sub- 
jects, Dr. Dench has made some important contributions to the med- 
ical literature of the period. He is the author of the following, among 
others: 
Diseases of the Ear: First Edition-D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1894. 
Fourth Edition-D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1909. 
1892.-"Two Unusual Cases of Intracranial Inflammation following Purulent 
Otitis Media, with Mastoiditis" (Archiv. of Otology, Vol. 21, No. 3, 1892). 
1894.-"Middle Ear Operations as a means of Improving the Utility of the 
Organ of Hearing" (Trans. Amer. Otol. Soc., 1894). 
1896.-"Mastoid and Intracranial Complications of Middle Ear Suppuration" 
(Amer. Jour, of Obstet., Vol. 33, No. 6, '96). 
1897.-"Intracranial Sequelae of Neglected Middle Ear Suppurations" 
(Archiv. of Pediatrics, July, 1897). 
"Labyrinthine Phenomena dependent upon Middle Ear Diseases and their Re- 
lief by Local Treatment" (Trans, of Am. Laryn., Rhin. & Otol. Soc., 1897). 
1898.-"Technique of the Mastoid Operation" (N. Y. Eye & Ear Infirm. Rep., 
Jan., '98). 
"A Case of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media followed by Cerebral Abscess 
and Suppurative Meningitis;" Operation; Death; Autopsy (Archives of Otol., 
June, 1898). 
1899.-"The Stacks Operation in Chronic Otorrhoea" (Trans. Amer. Otol. Soc., 
July, 1899). 
"Chronic Catarrh of the Middle Ear" (The Am. Text-book of Diseases of the 
Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat, W. B. Sanders, Phila., '99). 
1900.-"A Case of Sinus Thrombosis Complicated by Cerebellar Abscess" 
(Trans, of Amer. Otol. Soc., May 8, 1900). 
1900.-"Report of Three Cases of Ligation of the Internal Jugular for Septic 
Thrombosis, following Purulent Otitis Media; Recovery" (Archiv. of Otology, 
Dec., 1900; Trans. Am. L. R. & O. Soc., 1900). 
1901.-"Two cases of Intracranial Infection following Middle Ear Suppura- 
tion" (N. Y. Eye & Ear Infirm. Rep., Jan., '01). 
"A Case of Otitic Brain Abscess; Operation; Recovery" (Trans. Amer. Otol. 
Soc., July, 1901). 
1902.-"The Treatment of Thrombosis of the Lateral Sinus, following Middle 
Ear Suppuration" (Am. Jour, of Med. Sciences, May, '02). 
1903.-"The Technique of the Radical Operation for Chronic Suppurative Otitis 
Media" (The Laryngoscope, St. Louis, June, 1903). 
"A Case of Acute Otitis Media and Sinus Thrombosis, Mastoidectomy; Ex- 
cision of Internal Jugular Vein; Serous Meningitis; Exploratory z'tdMny; 
Death; Autopsy" (Trans, of Amer. Otol., Soc., 1903). 84 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
1904.-" Report of a Case of Chronic Purulent Otitis Media with Thrombosis 
of the Lateral Sinus; Radical Operation; Excision of Internal Jugular Vein; 
Recovery" (Annals of Otol., Rhin. & Laryn., Mar., '04). 
1905.-"Report of a Case of Acute Suppurative Otitis Media, Complicated by 
Double Pneumonia, Septic Thrombosis of Jugular Bulb; Operation; Excision of 
Internal Jugular; General Systemic Infection; Death" (The Laryngoscope, St. 
Louis, Jan., 1905). 
"Report of Two Fatal Cases of Brain Abscess" (Am. Jour, of Med. Sci., 
Aug., 1905). 
1907.-"The Major Operative Treatment of Middle-Ear Suppuration and Its 
Indications." (Accepted by executive committee of the Section on Laryngology 
and Otology of Amer. Med. Assn., Presented before the Section at Atlantic City 
Session, June 4-7, 1907. Publication rights reserved by the Amer. Med. Assn.) 
"Otitic Brain Abscess." (Transactions of the Amer. Otol. Soc., 1907). 
1908.-1 ' A Case of Sinus Thrombosis, Following Removal of Granulation Tissue 
from the Middle Ear; Excision of the Internal Jugular Vein; Recovery" (Archiv. 
of Otol., Vol. XXXVII, Nos. 3 and 4, 1908). 
' ' A Case of Acute Suppuration of the Labyrinth following Acute Otitis Media; 
Operation; Recovery" (Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, Sept., 
1908). 
1910.-' ' The intracranial Complications of Acute and Chronic Suppurative 
Otitis Media." (Lecture delivered at the Jefferson Medical College, Phil., Mar. 
22, 1909. Reprinted from International Clinics, Vol. Ill, Series 19.) 
1911.-"Atypical Mastoiditis" (Interstate Med. Jour., Vol. XVIII, No. 
11, 'll). 
1912.-"Vertigo from the Standpoint of the General Practitioner and the 
Otologist" (N. Y. Med. Jour., Jan. 6, 1912) 
"Division of the Auditory Nerve for Persistent Tinnitus; Operation; Recovery; 
Report of Case" (Interstate Med. Jour., St. Louis, Vol. XIX, No. 1). 
"Brain Abscess of Otitic Origin." (Read before the ninth International Oto- 
logical Congress, Boston, 1912. Trans, of the Amer. Laryn. Rhino, and Otol. Soc.) 
1913.-"The Technic of the Labyrinth Operation" (The Laryngoscope, St, 
Louis, Aug., 1913). 
1914.-"The Treatment of Accidental Wounds of the Dura during Operations 
upon the Mastoid Process" (Trans, of the Amer. Otol. Soc., 1914). 
1915.-"The Labyrinth Operation: The Frequency with which it is demanded 
as Determined by Hospital and Private Statistics, Extending over a Period of Ten 
Years." (Read at the twenty-first Annual Meeting of the Amer. Laryngological, 
Rhinological and Otological Soc., Chicago, June 15-16, 1915.) 
"An Improved Technique in the Application of the Thiersch Graft in the 
Radical Operation for Chronic Middle-Ear Suppuration." (Read before the 48th 
Annual Meeting of the Amer. Otological Soc., Niagara Falls, Canada, June 3 and 
4, 1915.) 
1916.-"Acute Mastoiditis with Unusual Symptoms Indicative of Intracranial 
Involvement; Operation; Recovery" (Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngol- 
ogy, Sept., 1916). 
1917.-"Indications for the Mastoid Operation in Acute Otitis Media." (Read 
before the Section on Laryngology, Otology and Rhinology at the 68th Annual 
Session of the Amer. Med. Assn., N. Y., June, 1917.) 
Socially Dr. Dench belongs to the Union, Athletic, Yale and Auto- 
mobile Club of America, clubs of New York City, and the Royal Auto- 
mobile Club, London. 
His marriage was on October 3, 1888, to Marie Antionette Hunt, 
daughter of Horace and Catherine Hunt, of Boston. To the marriage 
has been born one child, Marie Catherine, born May 27, 1891. BIOGRAPHICAL 
85 
PHARLTON WALLACE, B.A., M.D., F.A.C.S., Specialist in Or- 
thopedic Surgery, Professor of Clinical Surgery, Department of 
Orthopedic Surgery, Cornell University Medical College, has had an 
enviable career. A close student of the literature of his profession, 
he keeps thoroughly abreast of all the wonderful advance of the time 
and is also known as an author on medical subjects relating to his 
specialty. 
Charlton Wallace was born at Lexington, Kentucky, October 18, 
1872. After the customary preparatory education he entered the 
Transylvania University of Kentucky, from which classical institu- 
tion he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1894. He 
then became a student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
New York City, and in 1898 received the degree of M.D. Entering 
upon the practice of medicine with one year as an interne at the 
Willard Parker Hospital, New York, Dr. Wallace for the three years 
immediately following served the city of New York as an inspector 
in the Department of Health, concurrently acting as clinical assistant 
at the Vanderbilt Clinic, Orthopedic Department. During the years 
1904 and 1905 Dr. Wallace was in charge of the experimental work 
at Seabreeze Hospital to ascertain the effect of sea air upon Bone 
Tuberculosis. The Neponsit Hospital was the result of the successful 
outcome of this. From 1905 to 1913 he was prominently identified 
with the East Side Free School for Crippled Children, established 
by him, as well as the Clinic in connection therewith, the East Side 
School being the first institution of its kind to combine the two depart- 
ments. In 1907 Dr. Wallace was appointed Orthopedic Surgeon in 
charge of St. Charles Hospital for Crippled Children at Port Jeffer- 
son, Long Island, of which institution he is at present surgeon-in- 
chief. He is also Clinical Professor of Surgery, Orthopedic Depart- 
ment of Cornell University Medical College; consulting orthopedic 
surgeon to the Stamford (Connecticut) Hospital, and consulting sur- 
geon to the East Side Free School for Crippled Children, New York; 
assistant surgeon on Orthopedic Surgery at the Hospital for the 
Ruptured and Crippled from 1900 to the present time, and has been 
instructor and Adjunct Professor in Orthopedic Surgery at the New 
York Polyclinic Medical School since 1908. Dr. Wallace is a member 
of the following medical organizations: Fellow of the American Col- 
lege of Surgeons; the American Orthopedic Association, of which he 
was first vice-president, 1915; the American Medical Association; the 
Quiz Medical Society, New York Academy of Medicine; for two years, 
1912-13, was chairman of the Orthopedic section of the New York 
Academy of Medicine. Dr. Wallace's contributions to medical litera- 
ture are: 
"Sea Air Treatment of Surgical Tuberculosis with Report of Cases'' (Med. 
Rec., July 22, 1905). 
' ' The Recent Epidemic of Poliomyelitis (Jnl. of Amer. Med. Asso., Dec. 21, 
1907), in collaboration with Dr. V. P. Gibney. 
"Early Diagnosis and Corrective Treatment of Pott's Disease-Analysis of 
643 Cases'' (Pediatrics, May, 1908). 86 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
"The Effect of Imperfect Hygiene in the Production of Bone Tuberculosis" 
(Amer. Jnl. of Ortho. Surg., Jan., 1908). 
"Education of the Crippled Child" (Archives of Pediatrics, May, 1910). 
"Surgical Tuberculosis and its Treatment" (Jnl. of Outdoor Life, Mar., 1913). 
"Extract of the Pituitary Body of the Ox in the Treatment of Rheumatic 
Arthritis" (Med. Rec., Oct. 4, 1913). 
"The Treatment of Anterior Poliomyelitis" (N. Y. State Jnl. of Med., Aug., 
1916). 
"The Operative Treatment for the Disabilities and Deformities Following An- 
terior Poliomyelitis as Practised at the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled 
During the Past Three Years" (The Amer. Jnl. of Ortho. Surg., July, 1916). 
"Orthopedic Observation in the Treatment of Anterior Poliomyelitis" (Ar- 
chives of Pediatrics, Aug., 1916). 
17 DWARD GAMALIEL JANEWAY, M.D., LL.D.-One of the most 
distinguished physicians that the profession of medicine has pro- 
duced in America, and probably the greatest diagnostician the coun- 
try has ever seen, Dr. Edward G. Janeway, was born in New Bruns- 
wick, New Jersey, August 31, 1841. He was graduated from Rutgers 
College in 1860, receiving the degree of B.A. and M.A. from that 
institution. In 1864 he was graduated from the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons of Columbia, receiving the degree of M.D. Later in 
life the degree of LL.D, was conferred upon him by Rutgers in 1898, 
by Columbia University in 1904, and by Princeton University in 1907. 
While in the medical schools in the year 1862 and 1863 he was made 
acting medical cadet of the United States Army Hospitals at Newark, 
New Jersey. After serving his interneship, Dr. Janeway established 
himself in practice in New York City and continued there the re- 
mainder of his professional career. In 1869 he became Professor of 
Pathology and Practical Anatomy in Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- 
lege, and continued in that capacity until 1876. From 1868 to 1871 
he was visiting physician at Bellevue Hospital, where he remained 
many years and where he won such distinction. From 1868 to 1871 
he was also visiting physician at the Charity Hospital, and from 
1870 to 1874 in the Hospital for Epileptics and Paralytics. From 
1873 to 1876 he delivered courses in Materia Medica and Therapeutics 
at Bellevue Hospital Medical College. In later years he was con- 
nected with many other hospitals, and from 1875 to 1888 he was 
Health Commissioner of New York City. In 1874 he was president 
of the New York Pathological Society, and in 1876 was president of 
the New York Medical Journal Association. He was president of 
the Academy of Medicine in 1897-98, and trustee from 1899 to 1903. 
He died at Summit, New Jersey, February 10, 1911. His principal 
contributions to medical literature appeared in the medical journals 
of New York. He was joint author of an article in the Bellevue 
Hospital Transactions concerning the autopsies made in that institu- 
tion; he was author of an article on " Leucothymia " in the New York 
Medical Record of April 29 and May 6, 1876; and of a clinical lecture 
on "Points in the Diagnosis of Hepatic Affections." 
Probably no personality in his generation more finely illustrated the 
noblest traditions of the medical profession than did Dr. Janeway. BIOGRAPHICAL 
87 
As a physician, as a teacher, and as a man, his life had a beneficence 
which not only helped but revitalized. His simplicity and directness 
were but the outward manifestations of a character which followed 
truth and labored all his life for the help of humanity. 
Dr. Janeway married, June 1, 1871, Frances S. Rogers. Three 
children were born to them, one being Dr. Theodore C. Janeway. 
E> OBERT HUGH MACKAY DAWBARN, M.D. The well-known 
v surgeon, Dr. Dawbarn, for many years the Professor of Surgery 
at the New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital, was born 
January 11, 1860, in Westchester county, New York, the son of 
Charles and Mary E. (Mackay) Dawbarn. Charles Dawbarn was 
a native of Cambridge, England, and as a young man had come to 
Canada and had there engaged in the seed business in Toronto. Later 
he became interested in the stone-quarrying business and became one 
of the owners of the Penaegyl slate quarries situated near Easton, 
Pennsylvania. He later retired from active business and made his 
residence in Alameda county, California, until his death, in Novem- 
ber, 1915. On the paternal side his family was of French Huguenot 
origin, their home ever since the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes 
having been in England. The Mackays, Dr. Dawbarn's ancestors on 
his mother's side, were natives of Inverness, Scotland, from which 
place they had come to New England where the family has been 
settled for several generations. 
Some of Dr. Dawbarn's preparatory work for college was done at 
Greenwich Academy in Connecticut, after having graduated from 
which he worked at home under the instruction of private tutors for 
two years. This was followed by a year's work at the Long Island 
College Hospital of Brooklyn, New York. He subsequently went 
abroad to continue his studies and also partly in search of health. 
As a special courtesy he was permitted to "walk the wards," and in 
this way, in spite of the handicap of physical disability, he gained 
valuable experience and a most practical insight into many advanced 
European methods of surgical work. He later returned to the United 
States and entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Colum- 
bia, New York, remaining two years and graduating at the end of that 
time in March, 1881, as an Harsen honor man. He then served for 
fifteen months at Mt. Sinai Hospital as an interne, and later for a 
year at the Nursery and Child's Hospital. From 1884 until his death, 
which occurred July 18, 1915, he was established in practice in New 
York City, of late years devoting himself almost exclusively to general 
surgery. It is an interesting sidelight on the story of the history 
of civil service and an instance of the opposition with which the 
system was greeted by the politicians of the old school, that Dr. 
Dawbarn was one of those competing in the first examination ever 
held for the position of police surgeon on the New York city police 
force. Notwithstanding the fact that the young man's rating in the 
competition was one hundred in each of the seven subjects, and that 
he thus headed the list of the successful competitors he was never 88 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
appointed. Four years later Dr. Dawbarn brought the subject before 
the attention of his professional brethren in the Medical Record, of 
December 7, 1889, under the title, "Doctors and Politicians." 
With the assistance of a number of other doctors, Dr. Dawbarn 
conducted for eighteen years after his first entry into practice, a 
"quiz" class whose object was to prepare young men doing post- 
graduate work for the examinations for the post of surgeon in the 
United States Army and Navy. During that period he came in con- 
nection with and exerted an excellent influence upon perhaps as many 
as half of the youthful candidates of the junior grades of the military 
service. The year 1885 was marked for him by his appointment as 
instructor in minor surgery at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. 
From that year until his death he was connected with the New York 
Polyclinic School, holding the chairs of surgery and anatomy. He 
was also visiting surgeon at the New York City and the New York 
Polyclinic hospitals. 
Dr. Dawbarn published contributions to the literature of his sub- 
ject which were highly regarded by the profession. He was the author 
of a work entitled "An Aid to Materia Medica" (New York, G. P. 
Putnam's Sons) ; also of a work under the name, "The Treatment of 
Certain Malignant Growths by Excision of Both External Carotids" 
(Philadelphia, 1903, F. A. Davis Company). He was the author of 
the articles on surgical subjects contained in Wood's Reference Hand- 
book, under the headings: Contusions, Exostosis, Fomentations, 
Hernia, Issues, Osteitis, Starvation of Cancers, and Splints. He 
was also an extensive and frequent contributor to the medical period- 
icals, among these being the following: ' ' Subcutaneous Emphyema ' ' 
(N. Y. Med. Jnl., June, 1889); "Spinal Resection of Fracture" (N. Y. 
Med. Jnl., June, 1889) ; "Intestinal Anastomosis" (Med. Rec., June, 
1891) ; "Water as a Local Anaesthetic" (Med. Rec., November, 1891) ; 
"Medical Hemorrhage Surgically Treated" (Med. Rec., November, 
1892) ; "Saline Infusion" (Brooklyn Med. Jnl., October, 1892) ; "Ar- 
terial Saline Infusion" (Med. Rec., November, 1892); "Treatment 
of Tonsilar Hemorrhage" (Med. Rec., December, 1892) ; "Intestinal 
Surgical Technique" (Annals of Surgery, May, 1893) ; "Fracture of 
Thighbone" (Polyclinic Med. Jnl., April, 1893); "Transplantation 
of Testicles" (Med. Rec., May, 1895); "Thigh Amputation" (Med. 
Rec., January, 1895) ; "Symphyseotomy" (Amer. Jnl. of Obsts., Feb- 
ruary, 1896) ; "Bladder Drainage" (Annals of Surg., April, 1896, 
idem, October, 1899); "Appendicitis" (Med. Rec., June, 1896); 
"Anaesthesia" (Atlanta Med. Jnl., August, 1897); "Shock," idem, 
Med. News, February, 1897) ; "Fracture of Bones at Elbow" (Poly- 
clinic Med. Jnl., July, 1897); "Murphy Button versus Absorbable 
Vegetable Plates" (Annals of Surg., 1896) ; "Shock and Saline Infu- 
sion" (Med. Rec., December, 1898, idem, Med. News, February 1899) ; 
"Tonsillar Amputation; Author's Bloodless Method" (Med. News, 
May and June, 1899; also Phila. Med. Jnl., April, 1899) "Antrum 
Disease" (Items of Interest, New York, July, 1900); "Bloodless 
Surgery" (Jnl. of the Amer. Med. Asso., February, 1903) ; "The BIOGRAPHICAL 
89 
Treatment of Certain Malignant Growths by Excision of the External 
Carotids," this being the title of an essay representing seven years' 
work in this field, which won in 1902, the Samuel D. Gross prize 
awarded by the trustees of the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery. 
The reward of one thousand dollars was donated for the purpose of 
rewarding the best original work in surgery during the preceding six 
years. 
Dr. Dawbarn is a member of New York County Medical Society, 
the State Medical Society, the Academy of Medicine, the State Med- 
ical Association, the American Medical Association, the Pathological 
Society of the Surgical Society, the West End Medical Society, the 
Society of Medical Jurisprudence, and of the Physicians' Mutual Aid 
Association. He also holds membership in the American Association 
of Anatomists. 
Dr. Dawbam married (first), in 1886, Ethel Gordon, daughter of 
Charles Stuart Sussex Lennox, of Brooklyn, New York. She died 
in 1890, leaving one child, Waring Lennox, who died November 30, 
1918. Dr. Dawbarn married (second), in 1893, Carolyn, daughter of 
Professor Edward Lorenzo Holmes, president of Rush College, Chi- 
cago. They have two children, Robert Holmes and Ethel Gordon. 
A RTHUR LEWIS ROOT, M.D., general practitioner of medicine of 
all-around capability, equally skilled in the medical and surgical 
branches of his profession, has had an enviable career. As former 
president of the medical staff of the Metropolitan Hospital, New 
York, Dr. Root's appointment and service in that office is a record 
that speaks for itself, and stands as an example of the confidence and 
trust imposed, and is an indication of the high estimation in which 
he is held. A profound student of medical science his native talents, 
developed by solid acquirements and disciplined by research and a 
long and extensive practice, give to him an exceptional equipment of 
learning and skill. Whether as scholar, author, or physician, or 
as taking a prominent part in the affairs of the medical institutions 
of the city, his work is characterized by abilities of a high order. 
Arthur Lewis Root was born in Gilbertsville, Otsego County, New 
York, May 24, 1859, a son of Major Charles Porter Root and Eliza- 
beth Ann (Scotten) Root. He received his classical education at the 
Gilbertsville Academy, and later entered the New York University 
Medical College, where he graduated in 1883 with the degree of M.D. 
Afterwards for one year he served as a member of the house staff of 
Ward's Island Hospital, and in April, 1884, engaged in the private 
general practice of his profession in New York, in which he has since 
continued. In 1889, Dr. Root became visiting physician to the Metro- 
politan Hospital, New York City, a connection he has since con- 
tinuously held, and in 1910 became president of the Medical Board of 
this institution, holding this appointment until January 1, 1917. 
He is also visiting physician to the Hahnemann Hospital, which con- 
nection he has held for twenty-four years-since 1892, and since May, 
1917, has been president of the Medical Board. 90 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Dr. Root has been president of the St. Andrew Society for twelve 
years, president of the Caledonian Society for two years, and president 
of the Burns Society, and is honorary member of the Caledonian 
Society of Montreal. 
He is a member of the New York Academy of Medicine, the West 
End Medical Association, and the following clubs: the Clinical, Colo- 
nial, West Side Republican, Englewood Country, and York Country 
Clubs, at York Harbour (Maine). 
October 23, 1888, Dr. Root married Frances Robinson. Dr. Root 
has had his office and residence for many years at 114 West Eighty- 
first Street, New York City. 
f^HARLES NORTH DOWD, M.D., one of the prominent surgeons 
of New York City, was born in New Britain, Connecticut, the son 
of Charles Ferdinand and Harriet Miriam (North) Dowd. His father 
was a well-known educator, and was president of the North Granville 
Ladies' Seminary. His name became prominent as the originator of 
the system of standard time which has been in use in the United 
States since 1883. His suggestion resolved, the confusion in the run- 
ning of trains across the continent. By his devising the United States, 
beginning at its extreme eastern limit, is divided into four time-sec- 
tions-eastern, central, mountain, and Pacific. The true local time of 
any place is slower or faster than the standard time as the place is 
east or west of the time meridian. This simple arrangement, which 
was adopted by the government, has immensely simplified the diffi- 
culties which formerly existed. 
Dr. Charles N. Dowd received his early education at Saratoga 
Springs, New York, and was there prepared for college, and he then 
entered Williams College, graduating from this institution in 1879. 
After leaving college he taught for three years, going abroad at the 
end of that time and pursuing his studies there for a year. Having 
decided to make medicine his life work he entered the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and was graduated with the 
class of 1886, taking one of the Harsen prizes for General Proficiency 
in Examination. For two years after graduation he served an interne- 
ship in Roosevelt Hospital, and in 1888 established himself in the 
practice of his profession in New York City. His work has been 
surgical and he is regarded a skilled and able practitioner. His 
surgical work has been done at the Roosevelt Hospital, the General 
Memorial Hospital and St. Mary's Free Hospital for Children. 
He has also been for many years a teacher in his profession. He was 
assistant gynecologist and then assistant surgeon in the Vanderbilt 
Clinic from 1886 to 1895; in 1887 he was instructor in histology in 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and since 1898 he has occu- 
pied the position of instructor in surgery and from 1907 to the 
present time has been Professor of Clinical Surgery in the same 
institution. He was assistant surgeon and then attending surgeon 
in the General Memorial Hospital from 1890 to 1914. He was assistant 
surgeon and then attending surgeon in St. Mary's Free Hospital for BIOGRAPHICAL 
91 
Children from 1894 to 1914. From 1910 to 1914 he was junior sur- 
geon to the Roosevelt Hospital, and since 1914 he has been surgeon 
to that institution. 
Dr. Dowd has done valuable work for his profession through liter- 
ary contributions to the medical journals of articles on subjects 
upon which he is an authority. Among these are: "Fibrous Mam- 
mary Tumors" (N. Y. Med. Rec., April 16, 1892); "An Apparatus 
for the Sterilization of Catgut" (Ibid., December, 1892) ; "Wound 
Treatment" (an article in Handbook of Med. Sci. supplement, 1893) ; 
"Different Types of Exudative Inflammation" (N. Y. Med. Rec., 
September, 1894) ; ' ' Cleft Hand; Report of a Case Successfully 
Treated by the Use of Periostal Flaps" (Annals of Sur., August, 
1896) ; "A Plastic Operation for Restoring the Lower Lip" (N. Y. 
Med. Rec., February 20, 1897) ; "Is Pain a Valuable Sign in Diag- 
nosis of Cancer of the Breast" (N. Y. Med. Rec., August 7, 1897) ; 
"The Submaxillary Part of the Operation for Epithelioma of the 
Lip" (N. Y. Med. Rec., December 23, 1899); "Epithelioma of the 
Tongue" (Inter. Jnl. of Surg., October, 1900) ; "Strangulated Hernia 
in Infants, with Reports of Cases" (articles in Archives of Pediatrics, 
May, 1897, and April, 1898, and N. Y. Med. Rec., October, 1901) ; 
"Facial Angiomato Successfully Treated by Electrolysis" (Archives 
of Pediatrics, January, 1898) ; "Tubercular Cervical Lymph Nodes," 
a study based on thirty-six cases submitted to operation (Annals of 
Surg., May, 1899) ; "The Etiology of Mesenteric Cysts" (Annals of 
Surg., October, 1900) ; "Gangrenous Intussusception in a Child Four 
Years Old, Intestinal Resection, Recovery" (Annals of Surg., July, 
1902); "Surgical Treatment of Empyema," a report based on seventy 
cases observed chiefly in St. Mary's Hospital for Children (N. Y. 
Med. News, September, 1902) ; "Intussusception" (article in Refer- 
ence Handbook of the Medical Sciences, 1902); "Tubercular Femoral, 
Inguinal and Iliac Lymph Nodes Secondary to Foot Wounds" (An- 
nals of Surg., May 19, 1903). Besides these just enumerated there 
might be added many reports of surgical cases printed in the Transac- 
tions of the New York Surgical Society, in Annals of Surgery, and 
important monographs on the various details of surgery of the neck 
and of the abdomen. 
Dr. Dowd holds membership in a number of the leading medical 
societies and has frequently held office in these associations. He is a 
member of the Academy of Medicine, and was formerly the chairman 
of the surgical section; the Surgical Society; the New York County 
Medical Society, of which he was at one time the president; the 
Roosevelt Hospital Alumni Association, and the West End Medical 
Society, of both of which latter he was formerly president; the Hos- 
pital Graduate Club and the Harlem Medical Association. He is a 
member of the Century Club, the Williams College Alumni Associa- 
tion, and of Williams College Chapter of Alpha Delta Psi. At the 
beginning of the war, Dr. Dowd received a commission as major in 
the Medical Corps of the National Army. In November, 1917, he was 
appointed Chief of the Medical Division of the Selective Service 92 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Department of the State of New York and medical aid to the Gov- 
ernor. He organized the Medical Advisory Boards throughout the 
State and supervised their work. The supervision at a later time 
extended to the Local Boards. He also coordinated the work of these 
boards with that of the examiners at mobilization camps. Since 
there were more than three thousand men connected with the Selec- 
tive Service of New York State, the task was an important one. 
Dr. Dowd married (first) June 16, 1891, Eleanor R. Bliss, daugh- 
ter of Hon. Archibald Bliss, of Brooklyn. She died November 23, 
1898, leaving one child, Constance. He married (second), 1908, 
Christiana, daughter of Mrs. Elbert Brinckerhoff Nostrand, of Brook- 
lyn. 
A BRAHAM JACOBI, M.D., who for many years ranked as one 
2 k of the foremost American physicians, and one of its leading au- 
thorities in his specialty, the diseases of children, was born in Hartum, 
Westphalia, Germany, May 6, 1830. His preparatory education was 
finished at the Gymnasium of Minden, from which he went to the 
University of Griefswald, where he studied during the year 1847-48, 
going from there to the University of Gottingen the next year, and 
completing his course with the two years, 1849-51, at Bonn, receiving 
from the last-named university its degree of Doctor of Medicine. The 
title of the thesis presented at the time of graduation was "De Vita 
Rerum Naturalium." 
The new revolutionary ideas prevalent among the more generous 
and advanced young men of that time found an enthusiastic sup- 
porter and advocate in this young intellectual man. High-spirited 
and brilliant as a speaker, his utterances gave alarm to the authorities 
and soon after leaving the university he was arrested on a technical 
charge of lese-majeste and high treason and put in prison in Berlin, 
though removed afterwards to Cologne, taken from thence to Minden 
and Bielefeld, he was finally discharged in 1853. The Germany of 
that day was not ripe for men of his kind, and the incalculable 
injury it sustained in driving out of the country the men whose lead- 
ership would have shaped the highest ideals has only been made 
apparent after more than sixty years and the disasters of a war of 
unparalleled horror. Young Jacobi went upon his release to Eng- 
land, then as it had been for many years an asylum for men with 
advanced ideas. He remained in Manchester for a few months, and 
then set sail for New York which was destined to be the scene of 
his life's labors. 
Although he has been engaged continuously in general practice, 
Dr. Jacobi has devoted much attention and study to the diseases of 
children, and stands at the head of those making this subject their 
specialty. He had not been in this country more than four years 
before he was called into public practice by an appointment as attend- 
ing physician at the German Dispensary. In this capacity he was 
later connected with the German, Mount Sinai, Bellevue, Roosevelt 
and other hospitals. His interest in the diseases of children caused BIOGRAPHICAL 
93 
his selection for the professorship of that department at the New 
York Medical College in 1860, and from 1865 to 1870 he occupied that, 
chair in the medical school of the University of the City of New 
York. In 1870 he became Clinical Professor of the diseases of children 
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. 
Here for a number of years he labored indefatigably to send forth 
young men properly equipped for professional work and, by a com- 
manding personality and by his setting the highest standards did a 
noble work in the training and instructing of some generations of 
students. The fruits of this are to be seen scattered far and wide, 
over the land in the increased efficiency of the new regime. He was 
offered, after the resignation of Edward Henoth, the Professorship 
of the Diseases of Children in the University of Berlin, Germany, in 
1873. He declined to accept it. 
Dr. Jacobi has received a full meed of recognition from his pro- 
fessional brethren, and the list of his honors at their hands is a 
long one. He was president of the New York Pathological Society, 
1866; of the New York Obstetrical Society, 1868; of the New York 
County Medical Society, 1870-72; of the New York State Medical 
Society, 1882; of the New York Academy of Medicine, 1885-89; of the 
American Pediatric Society, 1888; and of the Association of Amer- 
ican Physicians, 1896. He was elected an honorary member of the 
Obstetrical Society of Berlin, and of the Medical Society of Wurz- 
burgh of Berlin, and of Buda-Pesth. He holds membership in the 
obstetrical societies of Boston, Louisville, and Philadelphia, in the 
Pediatric Society of Paris, Germany, Spain, and in many other sim- 
ilar organizations. In 1898 he received the honorary degree of LL.D, 
from the University of Michigan, and the same from Columbia Uni- 
versity in 1900; Yale, 1905, Harvard, 1906, Jefferson, 1911, and 
Washington University, 1913. 
During 1868-71 he was associate editor of the American Journal 
of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children and he has 
been a frequent contributor to this periodical, his articles covering a 
wide range of subjects relating to the congenital and acquired dis- 
eases of infants. He has contributed also to the American Medical 
Record, the American Medical Times and the New York Medical 
Journal, as well as to a number of others. Many of these have been 
published in Europe, some of them having been translated and re- 
printed, appearing in foreign medical publications, in particular his 
"Congenital Sarcoma of the Tongue" (1869) and "Congenital Sar- 
coma of the Kidneys," which appeared in the "Transactions of the 
International Medical Congress," Copenhagen, 1884. He has be- 
sides these published a number of works of value: Contributions to 
"Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children," in conjunction 
with Emil Noeggerath (1859) ; "Dentition and Its Derangements" 
(1862); "The Raising and Education of Abandoned Children in 
Europe" (1870) ; "Infant Diet" (1874) ; "Treatise on Diphtheria" 
(1880) ; "Intestinal Diseases of Infancy and Childhood" (1887) ; 
"Therapeutics of Infancy and Childhood" (1896) and 1898 and 94 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
1903, translated in Germany, Italy and France. Dr. Jacobi has 
also contributed chapters to several medical cyclopedias and similar 
compilations. His "Collectanea Jacobi" were published by the 
"Critic and Guide" in 1909, in eight volumes. They contain one 
hundred papers, essays and addresses. 
L^RANCIS H. MARKOE, M.D., was the son of the late distinguished 
surgeon, Dr. Thomas Masters Markoe, and a descendant of a 
French Huguenot family which came from Montbeliard, France, and 
settled in the West Indies at the time of the Revocation of the Edict 
of Nantes. Dr. Markoe was born in New York City, March 20, 1856, 
and he was sent first to the private school of Mrs. Leverett, from 
thence going to Lyons Collegiate Institute, New York City. For two 
years (1870-72) he attended Holbrook's Military Academy at Sing 
Sing, New York, and here his preparation for college was completed. 
Going to Princeton University, he was graduated in 1876, and imme- 
diately afterwards entered upon his professional studies at the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. He was one 
of the honor men of the class when he received his medical degree 
in 1879. He then served as an interne in the New York Hospital, and 
after some experience here continued his studies abroad for about a 
year. During this sojourn he visited the surgical clinics of the hos- 
pitals of Heidelberg, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Paris and London. 
Upon his return he entered on the practice of his profession, paying 
especial attention to surgical lines of work and gaining a reputation 
as a skillful and able practitioner. He soon gained an appointment 
on the surgical staff of the out-patient department of New York 
Hospital. 
In 1880 Dr. Markoe became the Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy 
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and up to the time of his 
death retained his connection with the faculty of the institution. 
From 1884 until 1887 he was Demonstrator of Anatomy, becoming 
then Clinical Lecturer on Surgery and holding that post until 1900. 
In that year he was made Professor of Clinical Surgery. During the 
six years between 1881 and 1887 he served as attending physician 
at the Nursery and Child's Hospital, and worked at the same time 
during this period in a post in the out-patient department of Roose- 
velt Hospital. He was for a short time (1882-83) a sanitary inspector 
of the New York Board of Health. He became in 1887 the attending 
surgeon at Bellevue Hospital, entering upon similar work two years 
later at St. Luke's Hospital. The work at Bellevue was given up 
in 1900, but the post at St. Luke's Hospital was held by Dr. Markoe 
until the time of his death in September, 1907. From 1894 he served 
as attending surgeon at the Orthopaedic Hospital, and in a similar 
capacity from 1899 at the New York Hospital. During all these 
years his fame as a skillful and successful surgeon won both popular 
and professional recognition, and kept pace with the distinguished 
work of instruction he continued to render at the College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons. The honorary degree of Master of Arts was BIOGRAPHICAL 
95 
conferred on her distinguished son by Princeton University in 
1901. 
Dr. Markoe held membership in a number of medical societies. 
He was a member of the Academy of Medicine, the New York State, 
City, and County Medical societies, the Surgical Society of New 
York, the Medical and Surgical Society, the Pathological Society, the 
Clinical Society and the American Surgical Association. On the 
philanthropic side he held membership in the Physicians' Mutual 
Aid Association, and the Society for the Relief of Widows and Or- 
phans of Medical Men. Other organizations of the humanitarian 
type to which he subscribed membership were the Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Children, the State Charities Aid Association and the 
Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. The breadth 
of his outlook and the sympathy he had for all the movements tending 
towards social improvement and progress are indicated by the list of 
other societies in which he held life membership. These are: The 
American Geographical Society, the New York Historical Society, 
the American Museum of Natural History, the New York Botanical 
Garden, the Zoological Society, and the Association for the Preserva- 
tion of the Adirondacks. He was also a member of the Municipal 
Art Society, and the American Bible Society. He was always keenly 
interested in outdoor sports, and for the recreation afforded by his 
scanty leisure held membership in the New York Yacht Club, the 
Meadow Club at Southampton, Long Island, the Narrows Island 
(North Carolina) Shooting Club, and St. Andrews Golf Club. On 
the social side he was a member of the Princeton, University, Century, 
Union and Metropolitan clubs. Fraternally he was a member of the 
American Whig Society and the Zeta Psi Society. Scholarly and 
cultured in his tastes he found relaxation in the society of the best 
in literature and art. 
Dr. Markoe married, March 9, 1882, in New York, Madeline Shelton, 
of an old Connecticut and Massachusetts family. They had two chil- 
dren born to them: Madeline S., born February 19, 1883, died in 
infancy; and Francis Hartman, Jr., bom June 11, 1884. 
T T ENRY FREEMAN WALKER, M.D.-Connected for over fifty 
years with the medical profession in New York City, Dr. Walker 
was horn July 3, 1838, in Brattleboro, Vermont, son of Charles and 
Lucretia (Ambrose) Walter. He came of old New England stock, 
being descended both on his father's and his mother's sides from the 
English Puritans who landed in Massachusetts in 1630. 
His early education was received in the common schools of his 
native region, and he was then prepared for college by a tutor at 
home. He received his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1860 from 
Middlebury College, Vermont, this being followed in 1863 by the 
degree of Master of Arts from the same institution. After this he 
taught for three years, his intention being to enter as soon as he 
was able the study of medicine. This work was begun at the School 96 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
for Medical Instruction in Portland, Maine, and followed up later 
by attendance at lectures at the Medical School of Bowdoin College, 
at the Long Island College Hospital, and finally at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York. From the last named he 
received in 1866 his degree as Doctor of Medicine. For about nine- 
teen months afterwards he served as interne in Bellevue Hospital. 
He then went abroad and continued his studies for a number of 
months in the leading hospitals of Europe, and made valuable addi- 
tions to his fund of experience. 
Upon his return from Europe, Dr. Walker associated himself in the 
practice of his profession with Dr. T. Gaillard Thomas. From the 
outset, Dr. Walker's work showed a man of great conscientiousness 
and ability, and his success was immediate. In 1869 he received the 
appointment as attending physician at the De Milt Dispensary for 
the cases with diseases of digestion, holding this post for a year, and 
in 1870 was made attending physician in diseases of the heart and 
lungs at the outdoor poor department of Bellevue Hospital, holding 
this until 1872, and then became attending physician in the diseases 
of women in the same institution, continuing until 1875. From 1871 
to 1875 he was visiting physician to the Nursery and Child's Hospital, 
and from 1875 to 1884 visiting physician at Bellevue Hospital and at 
the Emergency Hospital. From 1876 to 1881 he held the position of 
chief of clinic in diseases of women at the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons. He was also consulting physician at St. Luke's Hos- 
pital. Dr. Walker made occasional contributions to medical litera- 
ture through the professional periodicals. 
Dr. Walker was a member of the County Medical Society, the 
Academy of Medicine, the Pathological Society, the Medical Associa- 
tion of Greater New York, the Obstetrical Society, the Medical and 
Surgical Society, the Practitioners Society, the Alumni Association 
of Bellevue Hospital, the Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, the 
Society for the Relief of the Widows and Orphans of Medical Men, 
and on the social side, of the Century, University, the Grolier, and the 
South Side clubs. Dr. Walker died at his summer home in Pittsford, 
Vermont, on August 13, 1917. 
T UDWIG KAST, M.D., eminent specialist in Internal Medicine, 
Professor of Medicine at the New York Post-Graduate Medical 
School and Hospital, and holding other hospital connections, is a 
recognized authority in his special field of practice. Dr. Kast belongs 
to the scholarly, progressive type of physicians whose learning and 
skill and ethical standards have given so high a prestige to the pro- 
fession in the metropolis. 
Ludwig Kast was born in Vienna, Austria, March 2, 1877, a son 
of Dr. J. Kast, of that place; educated at the colleges of Vienna, 
Prague and Berlin, and at the medical universities of Vienna, Munich, 
Berlin, London and Paris. Dr. Kast's medical career has been briefly 
as follows: Engaged for several years in the laboratories and clinics 
of Germany, France, England and New York; specialty, Internal BIOGRAPHICAL 
97 
Medicine; engaged for one year in research work at the Rockefeller 
Institute, New York; Professor Internal Medicine at New York Post- 
Graduate Medical School and Hospital; attending physician, New 
York Post-Graduate Hospital; special researches in Internal Medi- 
cine; author, several contributions to medical literature relating to 
his specialty; member American Medical Association, New York 
County and State Medical Societies, New York Academy of Medicine, 
New York Pathological Society, Harney Society, Society for Experi- 
mental Biology and Medicine, American Gastro-Enterological So- 
ciety, and the American X Ray Society. Clubs: Lotos, New York 
Athletic, New York Riding and the Sleepy Hollow Country. 
q1 HOMAS FRANKLIN SMITH, M.D.-Dr. Thomas F. Smith was 
1 bom in New York City, April 26, 1833, son of John T. S. and 
Amelia (Franklin) Smith. Dr. Smith graduated from New York 
Medical College, and received his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 
1860. For a year and a half he served in the medical service of the 
United States Army. He travelled extensively in Europe, visiting 
Italy, Switzerland, France and England. He served for three and 
a half years as member of Company C, Seventh Regiment, New York 
National Guard, and for about ten years as surgeon on the staff of 
the Eighth Regiment, New York National Guard. From 1867 until 
his death, June 6, 1916, he was United States examining surgeon for 
pensions. He was examiner for lunacy, and visiting physician of 
Metropolitan Hospital on Blackwell's Island from 1875 until his 
death. 
Dr. Smith was a member of Mt. Morris Baptist Church from 1865, 
and a deacon in that church from 1868, its church clerk from 1871, 
and associate superintendent of its Bible school for about thirty 
years. From 1891 until his death he served as the clerk of the South- 
ern New York Baptist Association. Dr. Smith was a Republican in 
his political views, and voted for Fremont. He was a member of 
Hamilton Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and was its chaplain 
from its organization in 1884. He was a war veteran of the Seventh 
Regiment. He was a charter member of the International Hahne- 
manian Association, and the senior member of the American Institute 
of Homoeopathy and its treasurer from 1892. He was also a member 
of the New York Homoeopathic Medical Society, and a member of 
New York County Homoeopathic Medical Society. He was a manager 
of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the 
Poor, and a director and vice-president of The Jennie Clarkson 
Home for Children. On the social side Dr. Smith found relaxation 
at the Quill, the Clinical, and the Bayard Medical clubs. 
T ABEZ EDWARD GILES, A.B., M.D., New York City, Ophthal- 
mic Surgeon and member of board of directors of Manhattan Eye, 
Ear and Throat Hospital, also secretary of board of surgeons, same 
institution, since 1898. Practice limited to the eye for many years. 
Jabez Edward Giles was bom in Rockport, Massachusetts, January 98 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
23, 1853, son of Newell and Elizabeth Whipple (Gott) Giles. He 
attended Boston Latin School, Class of 1872; Massachusetts Institute 
of Technology, 1872-74; A.B., Harvard, 1876; M.D., University and 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College (New York University), 1884. 
Dr. Giles ' medical career has been briefly as follows: Attending physi- 
cian, Eastern Dispensary, department eye and ear, 1884-86; Demilt 
Dispensary, department eye and ear, 1886-90; clinical assistant, Man- 
hattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 1886-89; Assistant Surgeon, 
1889-98; Ophthalmic Surgeon, May, 1898, also director; secretary of 
board of surgeons, same, 1898. Fellow of New York Academy of 
Medicine; member of American Medical Association, New York County 
and State Medical societies. Clubs: Congregational, Technology. 
Associate Author of ' ' Nursing in Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and 
Throat." Residence, No. 172 Prospect Park West, Brooklyn. Office, 
No. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. On January 2, 1888, he 
married (first) Sarah Hayward Backus, of New York, who died, 
1901. On June 18, 1903, he married (second) Mary C. Vanderbeek, 
of Englewood, New Jersey. 
T OHN HENRY HUDDLESTON, M.D.-Although his professional 
life was identified with New York, Dr. Huddleston was a native of 
Boston, born July 11, 1864, son of Charles H. and Susan F. Hud- 
dleston. He received his Bachelor's degree in arts from Harvard 
University in 1886, and in 1891 gained his Master's degree from the 
same institution. He received in the same year his degree of Doctor 
of Medicine from the Medical School of the University. 
In 1892 Dr. Huddleston established himself in practice in New York 
City, and speedily won recognition as an able physician and surgeon. 
He served in 1903 as the secretary of the American Delegation to the 
Fourteenth International Medical Congress at Madrid, Spain. He 
was visiting physician to the Riverside Sanatorium and to the Gouver- 
neur and the Willard Parker hospitals, and in 1915 became president 
of the Medical Board of Gouverneur Hospital. He served as consult- 
ing physician to the United Hospitals, Port Chester. He was ap- 
pointed surgeon with the rank of captain to the Seventh Regiment of 
the New York National Guard in 1895 and served in that capacity 
until 1907. He was a trustee of the New York Academy of Medicine, 
and in 1902 was Carpenter lecturer at that institution. He was a 
member of the American Public Health Association, of the American 
Climatological Society, of the Association of Military Surgeons of the 
United States, of the National Association for the Study and Pre- 
vention of Tuberculosis, of the American Medical Association, of the 
New York Academy of Medicine, of the New York Pathological So- 
ciety; was a trustee of the New York State Hospital for Incipient 
Tuberculosis, and a director of Itlte Metropolitan Life Insurance 
Company. He belonged to the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, and to the 
Century, Harvard, and Barnard clubs. He was a frequent contributor 
to the medical journals. 
Dr. Huddleston married in Raymond, New Hampshire, in 1894, BIOGRAPHICAL 
99 
Mabel Parker Clark, and their children are: Margaret Susan, born 
in 1896; Carrol Hyde, born in 1899, and Jean Fuller, born in 1905. 
Dr. Huddleston died of pneumonia on October 30, 1915, after a brief 
illness. 
^ORNELIUS COX WYCKOFF.-Although past his eighty-first 
birthday, Dr. Wyckoff did not surrender professional duty until 
the day preceding his death, he having been in continuous practice 
for fifty-five years, 1848-1903. He was a member of the second class 
graduated from the medical department of the University of Buffalo, 
and to few men was it ever given to practice so long in one com- 
munity. 
Cornelius Cox Wyckoff was born at Romulus, New York, August 5, 
1822, and died at his home, No. 482 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, 
November 7, 1903, his health, although impaired, allowing him to 
fill professional engagements until the last. After completing courses 
of study at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, Lima, New York, he began 
the study of medicine at Geneva Medical College, but before obtaining 
his degree the college was joined with and made part of the Buffalo 
Medical. He completed his studies at the medical department of the 
University of Buffalo, whence he was graduated M.D., June 14, 1838, 
the date of the second commencement. After graduation he at once 
began the practice of his profession along general lines, and so con- 
tinued until the years of his service to his fellowmen numbered a half 
century and five. From the organization of the Buffalo General Hos- 
pital in 1858 until his death, he was a member of the visiting staff 
or consulting staff, and at last was the sole survivor of the original 
staff of 1858. He was one of the first three appointed attendant 
physicians. He became a member of the Erie County Medical So- 
ciety in 1849, was president in 1864, and a member until his death. In 
1858 he was president of the Buffalo Medical and Surgical Institute; 
president of the board of trustees of the Eye and Ear Infirmary; 
curator of the University of Buffalo; member of the New York State 
Medical Society and of the American Medical Association. During 
his earlier years he served the city as health physician, and during 
the cholera epidemic of 1852 he performed courageous and valuable 
service in ministering to those stricken by the dread disease. He was 
a member of the Park Commission and drove to the park about every 
day. He was not only an able, honorable physician, but a man of 
cultured, refined tastes, courteous in manner, a kind, loving friend, 
a public-spirited, useful citizen. Mounted upon his horse he daily 
rode through the streets of Buffalo, a familiar and welcome sight to 
his many friends and acquaintances. 
The Medical societies of the county of Erie thus paid tribute to 
their fallen friend and brother at a special meeting held November 9, 
1903: 
IN MEMORIAM 
As we meet to mourn the loss of one of our oldest and most respected associates, 
we wish to express our affectionate regard in some tribute to his memory. As 100 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
a man he has always been identified with what was elevating and of good repute, 
active in the interests of the community, and always foremost in his efforts to 
make the city better, purer and most beautiful. Dr. Wyckoff was one of the 
builders of Buffalo in all that pertains to the medical profession. We honor the 
work he has done, in assisting in the foundation of its largest hospital, in giving 
his services gratuitously to it for a large part of his long life, and in identifying 
himself also with the interests with other institutions of a similar kind. We 
admire too his bravery in the days of cholera when he faced death in all the forms 
which that dreaded pestilence presented. Most of all we cherish the beautiful 
example he left as an earnest, quiet and conscientious physician. His life is a 
record of nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and love. His example 
seems as the model of the good and true physician, and it is with affectionate 
remembrance that we spread upon the records of this Society this imperfect 
tribute to the memory of our beloved associate, Cornelius C. Wyckoff. 
J. Coakley, 
F. F. Hoyer, 
H. R. Hopkins, 
D. W. Harrington, 
Lucien Howe. 
Dr. Wyckoff married (first) in 1849, Frances Hall Hastings, who 
died in 1869. He married (second) Alice Linsley Hall, who survives 
him, a resident of Buffalo, an active Red Cross worker. 
T EWIS ATTERBURY STIMSON, M.D., one of the most distin- 
guished surgeons of his generation in New York, was born at 
Paterson, New Jersey, in August, 1844, one of the sons of Henry 
C. and Julia M. (Atterbury) Stimson. No less prominent in different 
professions were his two brothers, the clergyman, Dr. Henry A. Stim- 
son, and the artist, John Ward Stimson. 
Dr. Lewis A. Stimson received his baccalaureate degree in arts 
from Yale University in 1863, and following this with the course at 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College obtained his degree as Doctor of 
Medicine in 1874. At the outbreak of the Civil War he offered 
his services to his country and served as captain and aide-de-camp 
from 1864 to 1865. After the close of the conflict he went abroad 
and traveled and studied in Europe until 1875. He established him- 
self in practice in New York City and speedily acquired a reputation 
as a skillful and careful surgeon. In 1883 he accepted the position 
of Professor of Physiology at the medical school of New York Univer- 
sity, and served in this capacity until 1885, becoming in that year 
Professor of Anatomy and serving for four years, and then from 1889 
to 1898 occupying the chair of Surgery. In 1898 he became the Pro- 
fessor of Surgery at Cornell University Medical College, holding this 
position until his death. Dr. Stimson was attending surgeon at the 
Presbyterian Hospital for some years, and attending surgeon at the 
New York Hospital for twenty-two years, during the greater part 
of which time he carried the full service at the emergency branch 
of the Hospital, the House of Relief, situated first at Chambers Street 
and later at Hudson Street. He was also consulting surgeon to 
New York, Bellevue, St. Johns' and Christ hospitals. During the 
years 1893-1904 he served as a regent of the University of the State 
of New York, and in 1900 received the degree of LL.D, from Yale BIOGRAPHICAL 
101 
University. Dr. Stimson was the author of "Operative Surgery," 
1900; "Fractures and Dislocations" (eighth edition, 1917). 
Dr. Stimson married, in November, 1866, Candace Wheeler, of New 
York, and his son, Henry Lewis Stimson, born September 21, 1867, 
served as Secretary of War in the cabinet of President Taft from 
May, 1911, to March 5, 1913. Besides this son, Dr. Stimson left a 
daughter, Candace C. Stimson. Dr. Stimson died in the latter part of 
1917. 
"BEVERLEY ROBINSON, M.D., was born in Philadelphia, March 
22, 1844, son of Moncure and Charlotte (Taylor) Robinson. He 
received his baccalaureate degree in arts from the University of 
Pennsylvania in 1862, and served in 1863, emergency call, as a private 
in the Pennsylvania State Militia, volunteering for ninety days. This 
was followed by a course in the University of Paris, France, where 
he became an interne of the hospitals, and which conferred upon him 
at the completion of his studies in its medical school the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine in 1872. Since 1873 Dr. Robinson has been prac- 
tising medicine in New York, in which time he has won an honorable 
recognition from his professional brethren and from the public- 
at-large. From 1877 to 1882 he served as lecturer on clinical medicine 
at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and was promoted to full pro- 
fessor in the latter year. He has been consulting physician at St. 
Luke's and City hospitals. He is an honorary member of the Asso- 
ciation of American Physicians, and is a member of the New York 
Academy of Medicine and of Delta Psi Fraternity. On the social 
side he holds membership in the Century and the University clubs. 
He is the author of "Nasal Catarrh and Allied Diseases," "Inhalers 
and Inhalants," and essays on "Clinical Medicine." 
Dr. Robinson married, April 8, 1875, Anna Eliza Foster, and their 
children are: Beverley Randolph, born June 24, 1876, a successful 
lawyer of New York City; Pauline L.; and Anna F. 
A LVIN ALLACE HUBBELL.-There is a wealth of useful lessons 
to be gathered from the life story of Dr. Alvin A. Hubbell, 
a man who, with nothing but the characteristics of the race of 
pioneers from which he sprang, blazed his own path from a western 
New York farm to a very high position of professional eminence, and 
was recognized as one of the leading oculists of the country. As a 
boy he thirsted for knowledge, and when the degree of M.D. gave him 
authority to go out into the world as a practitioner, he only changed 
the extensive observations of the university for others more intensive 
on the patients who came to him. As his practice grew he studied 
harder, and soon became a man of rank among ophthalmologists. He 
thoroughly appreciated the fact that a medical man must give out as 
well as absorb knowledge, and as writer and teacher he disseminated 
the knowledge he gained by practice, observation, investigation and 
research. His library of special works, one of the most complete in 
the State, was a special source of satisfaction to him, and in keeping 102 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
with the doctor's spirit of helpfulness, Mrs. Hubbell has generously 
donated them to the Grosvenor Library, of Buffalo, there to be free 
to all students and readers. His executive ability was high, the med- 
ical institutions and professional organizations benefiting by his 
intelligent interest and aid. He labored with untiring zeal as stu- 
dent, teacher and practitioner until the end came. He was a man of 
religious trend of mind but liberal in his views, despising cant and 
hypocrisy, calling forth from a well known writer this eulogy: "He 
stands before his Maker as an honest man with no mask upon his face 
and no shackles on his conscience." He closely observed the ethics 
of his honored profession, his closest rivals freely conceding him the 
highest ideals, and vying one with the other in honoring his memory. 
Dr. Hubbell was a descendant of Richard Hubbell, who is first of 
record in the New Haven Colony, March 7, 1647, the line of descent 
being through Samuel Hubbell, son of the founder. Stephen Hub- 
bell succeeded his father Samuel, and in turn was succeeded by his 
son, Gershom Hubbell, a Revolutionary soldier. All the foregoing 
Hubbells resided in Connecticut, but in the fifth generation Ezbon 
Hubbell, son of Gershom, after the Revolutionary war, in which he 
served, settled in Ballston, Saratoga county, New York, there met 
with financial difficulties, and then moved to Ovid, Seneca county. 
Eli Hubbell, son of Ezbon, was bom in Ballston, Saratoga county, 
New York, in 1796, and in 1827 settled at Conewango, Cattaraugus 
county, New York, and there cleared his purchase of one hundred 
acres of timber land. He married at Wheatland, Monroe county, New 
York, November 30, 1820, Mary Huxley. Their eldest child, Schuyler 
Philip Hubbell, bom November 2, 1821, married, in 1845, Hepzibah 
Farnsworth, and they became the parents of Alvin Allace Hubbell, 
to whom this review is dedicated, he being the eldest of four chil- 
dren. 
Alvin A. Hubbell was born at the farm in Conewango, Cattaraugus 
county, New York, May 1, 1846, and died in Buffalo, New York, Au- 
gust 10, 1911. He spent his youth at the farm and attended the dis- 
trict school, later becoming a student at Randolph Academy, a noted 
educational institution, located in Randolph, New York, now known 
as Chamberlain Institute. He taught school for several years in the 
intervals of his own education, but from the age of eighteen he spent 
a good deal of time in company with the neighborhood doctors, reading 
their books and often driving with them on their long country visits. 
He read and studied under different doctors in Cattaraugus county, 
one of them Dr. Thomas J. Wheeler, of Rutledge (now Conewango), 
then ranked as one of the most eminent of western New York physi- 
cians. He attended medical college in Philadelphia for two years, 
and at the age of twenty-three years began practice at Leon, in Cat- 
taraugus county, New York. There he practiced for six years along 
general lines, then, feeling dissatisfied with his educational equipment, 
entered the medical department of the University of Buffalo, whence 
he was graduated M.D., February 23, 1876, winner of one of the 
Millard Filmore prizes for the best thesis. He then returned to Leon BIOGRAPHICAL 
103 
and resumed practice, but his interest in eye and ear diseases widened, 
and after additional study and preparation he located in Buffalo, 
where he began practice as an eye and ear specialist. During the 
thirty years which elapsed before his death, he rose to the highest 
success as an eye specialist. He practiced along general lines to a large 
extent during the first three years of his location in Buffalo, but 
thereafter he devoted himself exclusively to diseases of the eye and 
ear. In his specialties he kept closely and constantly in touch with the 
leading oculists, not only in the United States, but abroad, thrice 
crossing the ocean to visit and study at the leading ophthalmic hos- 
pitals of Birmingham, London and Paris. He performed many diffi- 
cult operations, the most notable one being laparotomy for intus- 
susception of the intestines, that being but the fourth time that opera- 
tion had ever been performed in the United States for that disease. 
Dr. Hubbell at that time had only been out of medical college two 
years. He added materially to the appliances for the practice of his 
specialty, inventing in 1884 an improved electro-magnet for extracting 
bits of steel from the interior of the eye; also a new style of scissors, 
made for him by George Tilman & Company, of New York. 
He was one of the founders of the medical department of Niagara 
University and was Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology 1883- 
1898; was secretary of the faculty for some years, and in 1886 re- 
ceived from the University the ad eundem degree M.D., and the de- 
gree Ph.D. in 1893. When the two universities of Buffalo and of 
Niagara combined their medical departments in 1898, Dr. Hubbell 
was chosen Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Buffalo, 
filling that chair most ably until his death. He was for years Oph- 
thalmologic Surgeon to the Sisters of Charity, the Erie County, and 
the Charity Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospitals, and ministered also 
to the needs of a large private clientele. He read, studied, investi- 
gated, wrote, published, practiced and worked untiringly, and left 
to the world a record of great good accomplished. He was the author 
of "A Complete History and Development of Ophthalmology from 
1800 to 1870," a volume which attracted more than ordinary atten- 
tion from a busy professional world; and wrote a great deal for the 
medical journals, most of his articles being short and practical, though 
some were more elaborate. On subjects relating to his specialty he 
was associate editor of the Buffalo Medical Journal, and in 1888 
he made an address published by Peter Paul & Brother, of Buffalo. 
In the spring of 1911, having reached the age of sixty-five, he was 
made Professor Emeritus of the University of Buffalo. 
Dr. Hubbell was a member of several of the largest national medical 
societies, including the American Medical Association, in which he 
was chairman of the Ophthalmological section; American Ophthal- 
mological Society, chairman 1908-1909; New York State Medical So- 
ciety, president, 1902; Erie County Medical Society; was founder of 
the Buffalo Ophthalmological Club; member of Buffalo Academy of 
Medicine; Buffalo Society Natural Science; Buffalo Historical So- 
ciety; and for several years was a trustee of the social settlement 104 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
known as "Neighborhood House." He was a member of the Ninth In- 
ternational Medical Congress held in Washington, D. C., in 1887; 
member of the Pan-American Medical Congress held in the same place 
in 1893, and of the American Ophthalmological Congress held in Edin- 
burgh, Scotland, in 1894. He was a member of the Sons of the 
Revolution, gaining admission through the patriotic Revolutionary 
services of his paternal great-grandfather, Ezbon Hubbell, and his 
maternal great-grandfather, William Farnsworth. 
Dr. Hubbell married, June 26, 1872, Evangeline Fancher of Leon, 
New York, a sister of State Senator Fancher. Dr. and Mrs. Hubbell 
were the parents of a daughter, Bula, who married Everett Ward 
Olmstead, of Ithaca, New York, and they have been residents of 
Minneapolis since August, 1914. 
'C'DWARD FRANKEL.-Dr. Edward Frankel is a son of the late 
Dr. E. J. Frankel, of this city. Dr. Frankel, Sr., was a native of 
Prussia. 
After graduation from the University of Berlin, he became military 
surgeon of the ' ' 2d Garde du corps ' ' and was on the staff of Surgeon 
General von Hasserfuhr. He was also one of the amanuenses of the 
celebrated Huf eland. He was interested in studies for the reform and 
improvement of military barracks and hospitals, for which purpose 
he was sent by his government to France and England. As one of the 
results of his reports, may be mentioned his advocacy and adoption of 
the "open air treatment of typhoid fever." In 1840 he came to 
New York and established himself as a general practitioner, being one 
of the first seven German physicians of our city. Later he specialized 
in diseases of children, in which branch he was very successful in 
his class at the Eastern Dispensary. When, in 1868, sickness com- 
pelled his retirement from that institution where he served for twelve 
years, the trustees presented him with a testimonial which states that 
"the Dispensary and the community at large suffers a serious loss 
by the Doctor's resignation, and it may well fear that it will be diffi- 
cult to find a physician of his ripe judgment, extensive attainments, 
acuteness in diagnosis and skillful treatment to fill his place. . . ." 
That his services over a period of twelve years, his "treatment of 
more than 26,000 patients, the record of which exists, fully entitle 
him to the gratitude, the warmest esteem and the kindest and most 
lasting remembrance of the Board and the public." He was an active 
member of the Sanitary Council in 1861, devoted considerable time 
to philanthropic efforts with the object of the better sanitation of 
New York City, and many of his ideas were adopted and incor- 
porated in "The Tenement House Act" enacted in 1901. He died in 
1881 at the age of 74 years. 
Dr. Edward Frankel, his son, received his preliminary education 
first in the public schools, later in sciences, languages and laboratory 
work under private tuition. He graduated in medicine from the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, in 1868, receiving the 
First Thesis Prize for an essay on the "Congenital Malformations of BIOGRAPHICAL 
105 
the Heart," illustrated by eleven original schemes and drawings in 
water-colors. He then served as interne at the Old New York Hos- 
pital for twenty months during 1868-'69 and '70. He was, under city 
government, Assistant Sanitary Inspector during 1870-'74; also occu- 
pied in the examination of the adulteration of foods and in other 
chemical and microscopical investigation. He was physician to the 
Eastern Dispensary from 1870-'75; trustee of the same institution 
from 1880-'89. Surgeon in the New York Dispensary, 1872-'79; 
visiting Surgeon to Charity (now City) Hospital, Blackwell's Island, 
from 1874-'90. 
He was active in the establishment of the Training School for 
Nurses, City Hospital, commenced in August, 1875, for which he pre- 
pared a "Manual on Nursing"; appointed honorary Consulting Sur- 
geon, 1893; also Consulting Surgeon, Fordham Hospital, 1896. He 
was collaborator in the New York Medical Journal, foreign depart- 
ment, 1872-'81; and also of the Journal of Syphilology and Derma- 
tology, New York; one of the translators of Ziemssen's "Cyclopaedia 
of Practical Medicine." Dr. Frankel was an amateur musician, and 
an occasional contributor to journals of music, among which were: 
"Anatomy of the Hand in its Relation to Piano-Playing"; "Use of 
the Voice in Singing," etc., etc. For years he was an active member 
of the Liederkranz Society; and was also one of the original members 
of the Lambs ' club, in which organization he acted as accompanist. 
Dr. Edward Frankel, Jr., received his preliminary education in the 
academic department of New York University, after which he pur- 
sued the study of medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
(Columbia University, New York City). After having completed his 
medical course, he took up the study of the Diseases of the Eye, Ear, 
Nose and Throat, in the practice of which specialty he is now actively 
engaged. 
Dr. Frankel, Jr., is also an amateur musician, and, like his father, 
both a singer and a pianist. The father and son are both interested 
in Free Masonry and are very active members in Masonic affairs in 
New York City, both being members of Kane Lodge No. 454, Free and 
Accepted Masons; Jerusalem Chapter No. 8, Royal Arch Masons; and 
Coeur de Lion No. 23, Knights Templar. Dr. Frankel, Jr., has also 
been an active member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. By virtue 
of his work in his specialty and his interest in the musical and theat- 
rical professions, he is well known in those circles. 
TAR. LOUIS JULIUS LADINSKI, A.B., 1884, M.D., 1887, Fellow of 
the American College of Surgeons, and a well-known New York 
City specialist in Gynecology, was born October 15, 1862, son of Aaron 
Harris and Rachel (Peiser) Ladinski. 
Of Hebraic extraction and Russian birth, Dr. Ladinski was brought 
to this country by his parents very early in his life, and as a boy 
attended the public schools of New York City. With natural ability, 
and a keen desire to succeed in life, young Ladinski applied himself 
closely to his text books, and eventually qualified for entrance to the 106 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
College of the City of New York. During his five years of academic 
study, he proved himself an earnest, painstaking student, quick of 
perception, as well as conscientious of application, and he received 
the Haarsen Medal for drawing in his sophomore year and was one 
of the prize speakers in his senior year. 
Having successfully graduated at the end of his fifth year in 1884, 
as Bachelor of Arts, Dr. Ladinski immediately thereafter entered upon 
a course of medical study at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
Columbia University, and in 1887 was awarded the University's 
diploma. Dr. Ladinski, however, thought it preferable to become 
a surgical interne for a time, therefore, in that capacity he entered 
Mount Sinai Hospital, where he remained for two years. In the 
spring of 1889 he opened an office for private practice, and special- 
ized in Gynecology, since which time he has steadily added to his good 
repute as a surgeon. He has undertaken exhaustive research in many 
branches of medical science, but has devoted himself mainly, and 
for many years exclusively, to Gynecology, and his grasp of the sub- 
ject places him among the leading gynecologists of New York. His 
hospital work has been extensive, and during his active medical career 
of almost thirty years he has held many important hospital appoint- 
ments. After a surgical interneship of two years at Mount Sinai 
Hospital, Dr. Ladinski was in 1890 appointed surgeon to Mount Sinai 
Dispensary, and in the same year was assistant in Gynecology to 
Dr. Munde in the New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital, 
where he later occupied the chair of Professor of Gynecology, which 
he still retains, and is connected with the hospital, being on the visit- 
ing staff of surgeons. In 1895 Dr. Ladinski was appointed visiting 
surgeon to Beth-Israel Hospital, the duties of which position he per- 
formed until 1902, when he became visiting gynecologist to the insti- 
tution, which appointment he still holds, as he does also that of 
visiting surgeon to Gouverneur Hospital, in which capacity he has 
participated in the work of that Institution since 1898. Dr. Ladinski 
is also special consulting gynecologist to the Hospital for Deformities 
and Joint Diseases, New York City, and consulting gynecologist to 
St. Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, Connecticut; so that, with his pri- 
vate practice, his time has been fully occupied, and in spite of his 
limited opportunity for writing his name often appears in the pages 
of medical journals, to which he is a frequent contributor. Dr. Ladin- 
ski is the author of many papers on surgical subjects, relating par- 
ticularly to his gynecological experiments, observations and deduc- 
tions, one of the more important of his published works being "Deci- 
duoma Malignum, " which was read before the section of Obstetrics 
and Gynecology of the New York Academy of Medicine, June 23, 
1902, and afterwards issued by William Wood & Company. 
Dr. Ladinski is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons; has 
been president of the Eastern Medical Society of the City of New 
York; has been chairman of the section of Obstetrics and Gynecology 
of the New York Academy of Medicine; and is a member of the Med- 
ical Society of the State of New York, the Medical Society of the BIOGRAPHICAL 
107 
County of New York, the Harlem Medical Association, the Metropol- 
itan Medical Society of New York, the American Medical Association, 
and the Alumni of Mount Sinai Hospital. He is a Mason, belonging 
to Centennial Lodge, New York City, and politically is independent 
and was an adherent of the Progressive Party. 
On February 16, 1893, Dr. Ladinski married Evelyn Louise Adler. 
They have two children: Edward Seligman, born December 7, 1893, 
and now engaged with the firm of W. J. Wollman & Company, bankers 
and brokers, and members of the New York Stock Exchange; Paul 
Munde, born June 3, 1898, and now a sophomore at Dartmouth Col- 
lege. 
M ARTIN BURKE, M.A., M.D., general practitioner of medicine, 
1 1 was born in New York City, November 20, 1855, a son of Dr. 
John Burke, who graduated from the University Medical College in 
1849. He received a liberal classical education at private and public 
schools of New York City, and graduated from St. Francis Xavier 
College with the degree of Master of Arts. He entered upon the 
study of medicine at the New York University Medical College, where 
he graduated with the degree of M.D., in 1876. Dr. Burke then 
became an interne at the Bellevue Hospital, New York, connected with 
the third surgical division of that institution until October, 1877, 
when he was appointed assistant surgeon to the New York Eye and 
Ear Infirmary. In 1877 Dr. Burke engaged in the private practice 
of his profession in New York City, in which he has continued suc- 
cessfully to the present time. He is a member of the New York 
Academy of Medicine, and the Alumni Society of Bellevue Hospital, 
and is a devout member and staunch supporter of the Roman Catholic 
church. 
In 1907 Dr. Burke was married to Mary 0. Hare. Dr. Burke has 
resided at No. 147 Lexington Avenue, New York City, for many years, 
where he also maintains his office. 
TJENRY ARNOLD FAIRBAIRN, M.D., M.A., Litt.D., F.A.C.P., 
1 1 for forty years identified with the medical profession of Brook- 
lyn, was born May 5, 1855, at Catskill, New York. His father was 
the Rev. Robert Brinkerhoff Fairbairn, D.D., LL.D., warden of St. 
Stephen's College, Annandale, New York, and his mother was Juliet 
(Arnold) Fairbairn. His grandfather, William Fairbairn, was born 
in Boswell's Parish, Roxburghshire, Scotland, but had come to this 
country and had settled in Philadelphia, in 1796. 
His elementary education was received at the Parish School, going 
later to St. Stephen's College from w'hich he was graduated in 1875, 
with the baccalaureate degree and honors and receiving three years 
later in course from the same institution the master's degree in Arts, 
and in 1910 that of Litt.D. In 1875 he matriculated at the University 
of Virginia, entering the medical school and obtaining his degree of 
Doctor of Medicine, cum laude in 1877. In 1878 he gained from the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York City its diploma, 108 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
and later in the same year he entered upon the practice of his pro- 
fession in Kingston, New York. He remained here only for a few 
months, removing to Brooklyn, with which he has ever since identified 
himself. 
He is a member of the Medical Society of the County of Kings, of 
the New York Academy of Medicine, and outside of his professional 
affiliations he is a member of the Board of Regents, and also of the 
Council of the Long Island College Hospital; a member of the Board 
of Managers of the Church Charity Foundation, Brooklyn; and a 
member of the Authors' Club, London, and of Victoria Institute. 
For three years he was interne at St. John's Hospital, Brooklyn, and 
has been attending physician at the St. John's, Bushwick, Swedish, 
and Brooklyn Hospitals, and Hebrew Orphan Asylum, and is still 
the attending physician at St. John's Hospital. He is consultant to 
the Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn Hospital, St. Giles's Hos- 
pital, and Brooklyn State Hospital. He has been president, vice- 
president, trustee and councillor of the Medical Society of Kings 
County. He has published a number of papers and addresses which 
have appeared from time to time in the medical and other journals. 
He is also the author of a book entitled "The College Warden." 
Dr. Fairbairn married at New York, in 1888, Alice LeFevre, of 
New Rochelle, and their children are: Robert LeFevre, Russell Ar- 
nold, Ruth and Agnes.Lathers. 
MATTHEW DERBYSHIRE MANN.-When Dr. Mann came to 
1 1 the chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the medical depart- 
ment of the University of Buffalo, in 1882, to succeed Dr. James P. 
White, he was then an authority on diseases of women, and at Yale 
Medical School and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 
City, had served as clinical lecturer and instructor. His preparation 
for his professional work has been most thorough and complete, 
American medical college and hospital combining with the best hos- 
pitals of London, Paris, Heidelberg, and Vienna, to fully equip him 
for the great work to which his life has been devoted. Forty-seven 
years have elapsed since he wrote his graduation thesis in 1871, and 
forty-eight years since he became an interne on the first staff of the 
then newly opened Stranger Hospital of New York. New York City, 
Hartford, Connecticut, and Buffalo, New York, have been the three 
cities in which he has practiced; the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, New York; Yale Medical School, New Haven; and Buffalo 
University Medical School, having been the three institutions of 
learning in which he has lectured and taught. In Buffalo he has 
limited his practice to Gynaecology, Abdominal Surgery, and Con- 
sultant in Obstetrics. In Abdominal Surgery he has performed many 
thousands of operations, and the literature of his profession is en- 
riched by over ninety contributions from his pen, published in the 
medical journals and by published works. He descends from the 
Mann family of Scituate, Massachusetts, who were early settlers, this 
branch later moving to Fairfield, New York; Charles Addison Mann, BIOGRAPHICAL 
109 
an eminent lawyer, locating in Utica, where his son, Dr. Matthew D. 
Mann, was born. Charles Addison Mann married Emma Bagg, of 
English parentage. 
Matthew Derbyshire Mann, son of Charles Addison and Emma 
(Bagg) Mann, was born in Utica, New York, July 12, 1845, and there 
spent the first sixteen years of his life, attending public schools, pri- 
mary, grammar, and high. In 1861 he went abroad and lived in 
Europe for nearly two years, then returned to the United States, and 
entered Yale College, whence he was graduated with honors, A.B., 
class of 1867, A.M., 1870. After graduation in 1867 he spent a 
few months in Western travel, then returned to his home in Utica, and 
began the study of medicine under the direction of his maternal uncle, 
Dr. M. M. Bagg, and in the spring of 1868 he attended his first course 
of lectures in the Long Island Medical College, going the following 
year to the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. He 
continued a student until 1871, but in the fall of 1870 he became 
interne at the new Stranger Hospital, there serving with credit for 
one year and coming under the beneficial influence of Dr. T. G. 
Thomas, Dr. Henry B. Sands and other distinguished men. In 1871 
he was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons (Co- 
lumbia University), his graduation thesis receiving honorable men- 
tion. He finished his connection with the Stranger Hospital the same 
year, and immediately went abroad, studying in London and Paris; 
then was under Professors Simon and Arnold at Heidelberg several 
months, and in Vienna studied obstetrics under Carl Braun, and 
pathology under Kundrat, spending several months under these two 
professors. He toured Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, while in 
Europe, also visited Constantinople and the East. 
In 1873 Dr. Mann returned to the United States, beginning practice 
in New York City, there continuing six years, being during this 
period instructor in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, also 
holding several dispensary positions and devoting his study largely 
to pathology and gynaecology. In 1879 he located in Hartford, Con- 
necticut, there confining his practice solely to diseases of women. 
In 1880 he was appointed clinical lecturer on Gynaecology in the 
medical department of Yale University. In 1882 the death of Dr. 
James P. White created a vacancy in the chair of Obstetrics and 
Gynaecology in the medical department of the University of Buffalo, 
a vacancy which the appointing board sought to fill by securing the 
services of Dr. Mann, whose reputation had far outgrown local limits. 
He accepted the post, and in 1882 took up his residence in Buffalo. 
In addition to most ably filling the chair mentioned, he became Gynae- 
cologist to Buffalo General Hospital, and later consulting Obstetrician. 
He was also consulting Gynaecologist to several of the other Buf- 
falo Hospitals. For twenty-eight years, 1882-1910, Dr. Mann retained 
his position at the University, having been dean of the medical 
department for twenty-five years. Thousands of students have gone 
out from under his teachings to carry their message of hope and 
blessing to the suffering. He resigned in 1910, and has since devoted 110 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
himself to consultation and private practice in keeping with his years. 
During his near half a century Dr. Mann has limited his practice 
to Gynaecology and Abdominal Surgery. He has reached the moun- 
tain peak of professional success in the special lines of medicine he 
has pursued, with a devotion unrivalled, and no physician is richer 
in the love of those who have sought his healing aid. 
Dr. Mann came into national prominence when, on the afternoon 
of Friday, September 6, 1901, the unspeakable assassin, in the Temple 
of Music, at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, 
fired two shots which struck William McKinley, president of the 
United States. The shots were fired at about seven minutes past 
four, and at 5:10 following, Dr. Mann arrived at the Exposition Hos- 
pital. A consultation of surgeons decided upon an operation at once, 
and in the absence of Dr. Roswell Park, medical director of the 
Exposition, Dr. Mann was selected to perform the operation with 
Dr. Mynter as his associate. Dr. Mann also selected Doctors Lee and 
Parmenter, as assistants. An exhaustive report was made upon the 
case of the President by the medical attendants, Dr. Mann writing 
the surgical history. This was published as the official report of the 
case in a special number of the American Journal of the American 
Sciences, October 19, 1901. Dr. Mann was connected with the case 
until the end came at 2:15 A.M., September 14, 1901. In his surgical 
history of the case he gives warm praise to the "surgeons who skil- 
fully assisted me," and added: "Never, I am sure, under like cir- 
cumstances, was there a more harmonious or better agreed band of 
consultants. That our best endeavors failed, was, I believe, no fault 
of ours, but it must be an ever-living and a keen regret to each one 
of us that we were not allowed the privilege of saving so noble a 
man." Said the New York "Tribune" editorially: 
While all the news from Buffalo is reassuring, and hope grows stronger hourly, 
positive prediction of the President's recovery must still be deferred. But it is 
not too soon to express a profound sense of gratitude and obligation to the skillful 
and devoted doctors who have attended him, and especially to Dr. Mann, who 
performed the operation. With that momentous responsibility suddenly devolved 
upon Dr. Mann, he did not hesitate to accept it beyond a brief interval of waiting 
for an expected colleague. Promptness was of the first importance, provided the 
requisite efficiency unimpaired by the extraordinary circumstances of the case 
could be relied upon to take advantage of the most favorable moment. That 
Dr. Mann was equal to a supreme trial, the immediate result, the subsequent 
development, and the strongest professional testimony conclusively proves. There 
is no higher or more disinterested authority than that of Dr. McBurney, who 
has taken care to speak in terms of the warmest praise of the manner in which the 
operation was performed, and of the cool discernment with which an indispensable 
decision was simply formed by the consulting surgeons. Whatever the issue now 
so hopefully awaited may be, Dr. Mann and his associates will be held in lasting 
honor by the country and the world. 
In his address to the graduating class of the University of Buffalo, 
delivered commencement day, May 27, 1910, Dr. Mann spoke with 
great feeling and earnestness, the following extract showing the cause 
of his emotion: BIOGRAPHICAL 
111 
With the conclusion of this address, my duties as professor of obstetrics and 
gynaecology in the medical department of the University of Buffalo came to an 
end. It has been one of the most important relations of my life and one of 
the most enjoyable. It is what brought me to Buffalo, and so cast my lines in 
pleasant places. Whether I have properly fulfilled my duties I must leave to 
my colleagues, my associates and my students to decide. I have done the best 
I could. To my colleagues in the permanent faculty I wish to express my sincerest 
thanks for all their courtesies and forbearance. I have found in their number 
some of the truest friends, and some of the noblest men with whom it has been 
by privilege to be brought in close association. I shall always consider it an 
honor to have been in the same faculty with the late Drs. Moore, Thomas F. 
Rochester, and Miner. They were men whose like is rarely seen and their 
influence on my life, especially the influence of Dr. Rochester, with whom I was 
associated for a longer period and whom I succeeded as Dean, has been greatly 
to my advantage. They were noble men who always stood for what was right 
and whose example to all the younger men of the profession was most illustrious. 
In 1894 Dr. Mann was elected president of the American Gynaeco- 
logical Society. He was a member of the American Congress of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons, a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, 
member of the New York State Medical Society, president of Buffalo 
Academy of Medicine, and of many other medical societies. He has 
been a voluminous contributor to the pages of the medical journals, 
his rich fund of experience furnishing an inexhaustible storehouse of 
valuable facts of value to the profession. Almost, if not quite, the 
first publication upon the subject in the country was his paper (1874) 
on "Immediate Treatment of Rupture of the Perineum," which led 
to the revolutionizing of practice in that accident. In 1879 he pub- 
lished "Manual of Prescription Writing," which is a standard, and 
has passed through five editions. He edited "American System of 
Gynaecology," two volumes, in 1888. He is fond of sports of the 
out-of-doors, and has long been a member of the Buffalo Golf and 
the Lawn Bowling clubs, and has made many trips to the woods for 
hunting and fishing. His social clubs are the University and the 
Churchman's of Buffalo, his official relation with the last named that 
of president. 
In religious faith he is an Episcopalian, taking an active part 
in all branches of church work for many years. He has served the 
city of Buffalo as park commissioner, and has always taken a great 
interest in civic affairs. It was through his influence as president 
of the Society for Beautifying Buffalo that the department of for- 
estry was established in Buffalo. 
Dr. Mann married, November 11, 1869, Elizabeth Pope, daughter 
of Daniel M. and Charlotte S. (Cox) Pope, of St. Paul, Minnesota. 
Dr. and Mrs. Mann are the parents of: Helen, Ethel, Edward Cox, 
Arthur Sitgreaves, Paul Ford, Matthew Derbyshire (2), Alan Newall, 
and Richard Leach. 
Such is the record of a life of usefulness, now in its seventy-third 
year, but still vigorous and helpful. To estimate the blessings this 
life has brought to humanity, try to imagine what the history of 
the University School of Medicine and the life of the city of Buffalo, 
which he has touched, would have been without the learning, skill and 112 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
influence of Dr. Matthew Derbyshire Mann. To this add the influence 
exerted on the thousands who have sat beneath his teaching and 
carried his spirit out into their work. 
/^USTAV GRANT FISCH, M.D., a native of New York City, 
whereof he is a well-regarded and successful physician, was born 
March 4, 1869, a son of Isaac and Annie (Rauchinger) Fischlowitz, 
who had emigrated from Austria to this country a few years prior 
to his birth. The Fischlowitz family was of substance and good stand- 
ing in Austrian Poland, and in the national affairs of Poland prior to 
its dismemberment, the great-grandfather of Dr. Fisch attained high 
rank in the administration, having been comptroller of Poland under 
the monarchical government. 
Gustav Grant Fisch acquired a sound fundamental education in the 
public schools of New York City, and then entered the College of the 
City of New York, from which institution he successfully graduated 
in 1889, gaining the degree of Bachelor of Arts; thereafter, for three 
years, he devoted his thought and time exclusively to the study of 
medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, 
being fortunate in having as preceptor Dr. William H. Porter, of the 
Post-Graduate Medical College. In 1892, Gustav G. Fisch creditably 
graduated and was awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine, upon 
receipt of which he accepted the proffered appointment of house sur- 
geon and house physician at the German Hospital, where he remained 
for two years, during which he added appreciably to his medical 
knowledge, being fortunate in serving his interneship under such 
men as Dr. Willymeyer, Dr. F. Kammerer, Dr. A. G. Gerster, Dr. E. 
Gruening, Dr. A. Jacobi, Dr. I. Adler and others. In October, 1894, 
Dr. Fisch became chief of medical clinic, Mount Sinai Dispensary, 
maintaining this hospital connection for many years, and concur- 
rently meeting with gratifying success in his private practice, which 
he has continued satisfactorily to this date. For many years, from 
September, 1901, he performed the duties pertaining to the assistant- 
attending-obstetrician at the New York Maternity Hospital, and also 
attending physician to the New York Red Cross Hospital; he is now 
adjunct visiting physician to the German Hospital of this city. In 
connection with his profession, Dr. Fisch has held some municipal 
offices, having been, in 3898, appointed school inspector by Hon. W. L. 
Strong, holding the office until it was abolished by act of charter, 
and in 1902 being appointed a member of the local school board. 
Dr. Fisch is identified with many medical organizations, being a 
member of the American Medical Association, the New York Academy 
of Medicine, the Metropolitan Medical Society, the Harlem Medical 
Association, the Medical Society of the State of New York, the East- 
ern Medical Society, the New York County Medical Association, and 
the Alumni Association of the German Hospital. He has given much 
of his spare time to the activities of the Masonic fraternity, being 
past master of Perfect Ashlar Lodge No. 604, Free and Accepted 
Masons, and past grand steward of the Grand Lodge of Free and BIOGRAPHICAL 
113 
Accepted Masons. He is also a director of the Young Men's Hebrew 
Association, and a member of a host of other organizations. On 
March 5, 1913, he was appointed to the Medical Reserve Corps of the 
United States Army by President Woodrow Wilson. 
On February 23, 1897, Dr. Fisch married Ella Louise Wise, daugh- 
ter of the late Rev. Dr. Aaron Wise, of New York City, has one 
daughter, Stephanie Wise Fisch. Dr. Fisch has been in residence and 
office at No. 1298 Madison Avenue, New York City, since 1894. 
IT'D WARD CLARK.-A native son of Buffalo, New York, Dr. Clark 
has given to his city valued public service, and as a specialist 
in rectal diseases, he has won honors as practitioner and writer. He 
was born in Buffalo, October 28, 1855, and after completing grade 
and high school courses of study, entered the medical department of 
the University of Buffalo, whence he was graduated M.D., class of 
1880. To the knowledge gained there, he added a course of study 
under Professor Charles B. Kelsey, and post-graduate work in rectal 
surgery, at the Post-Graduate Medical School of New York. Not- 
withstanding the demands of a private practice, Dr. Clark has given 
much time to institutional work, and for five years was Lecturer on 
Anatomy at Niagara University, for four years Assistant Surgeon to 
the Buffalo Emergency Hospital, and during the same period was 
attending Physician for Rectal Diseases at Erie County Hospital, and 
is Consulting Surgeon at Buffalo Municipal Hospital. 
He has devoted a great deal of time to the public service of city 
and state along professional lines, beginning with two years' service 
as health physician of Buffalo, 1888-1890; deputy commissioner of 
health for five years; an appointive member of public health council 
of New York state, six years; acting director of the division of Child 
Hygiene, New York State Department of Health, for seven months 
of the year 1917 (now 1918) ; sanitary supervisor, New York State 
board of health. His military service is comprised of four years 
as an enlisted member of Company D, Buffalo City Guard. 
Numerous papers have been contributed by Dr. Clark to the litera- 
ture of his profession. Among those read before medical societies 
which have been published in the medical journals are: "Smallpox 
and Vaccination, 1889; Fistula in Ano and Other Rectal Diseases, 
1896; Food and its Relation to Health, 1892; Disposal of City Waste, 
1892; Poliomyelitis, 1917." In his practice he has devised a new 
operation for Prolapsus of the Rectum, which has proved a most 
successful one. He is a member of the American Public Health Asso- 
ciation, and formerly of its executive committee; member of the New 
York State Medical Society, and a former member of the Committee 
on Legislation; member and ex-secretary, ex-treasurer, and ex-presi- 
dent of the Erie County Medical Society; member of the Buffalo 
Academy of Medicine. He is a Past Master of Erie Lodge No. 161, 
Free and Accepted Masons of Buffalo; and is Past District Deputy 
Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York. In the 
Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite he has attained the thirty-second 114 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
degree, Buffalo Consistory; and is a Noble of Ismailia Temple, Nobles 
of the Mystic Shrine. 
Dr. Clark was married May 1, 1884, to Nellie M. Daniels, daughter 
of Lyman A. and Sarah A. Daniels of Buffalo. They are the parents 
of a daughter, Marian L. Clark, A.B., Mt. Holyoke College, 1916, 
who is now a teacher in Lafayette High School, Buffalo. The only 
son, Lieutenant Edward D. Clark, M.D., died in Syracuse in 1915, 
where he was instructor in Preventive Medicine. Mrs. Clark died 
December 23, 1906. 
ARL GEORGE LEO-WOLF.-In preparing for the profession he 
follows, Dr. Leo-Wolf was not content with the knowledge re- 
quired before being given his degree by the University of Leipsic, but 
in Vienna, London, Berlin, Budapest and Paris, pursued post-grad- 
uate courses prior to his beginning practice in Buffalo, New York, 
on May 1, 1914. He comes from a medical family, and through hered- 
ity may almost be said to have been predestined to the profession. 
He is a great-grandson of a Dr. Leo-Wolf, and a grandson of Dr. 
William Leo-Wolf of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and of Hamburg, 
Germany, who had three sons, all practicing physicians of the United 
States,-Doctors Morris Leo-Wolf of New York, Joseph Leo-Wolf of 
New York, and George Leo-Wolf, who lost his life on the ship, "Presi- 
dent," in 1844. Another son of Dr. William Leo-Wolf was Louis 
Leo-Wolf, who, however, did not embrace the medical profession as 
did his brothers, but took up the manufacture of agricultural machines 
in New York, and later lived in Vienna, Austria, where he married 
Ottilie Hilb and where their son, Dr. Carl George Leo-Wolf, now a 
member of the medical profession of Buffalo, New York, was born. 
Carl George Leo-Wolf, M.D., son of Louis and Ottilie (Hilb) Leo- 
Wolf, was born in Vienna, Austria, July 30, 1868. After primary and 
intermediate grades were passed, he attended school at Frankfort- 
on-Maine, and later in March, 1889, was graduated from the Gym- 
nasium at Weilburg, a town in Nassau, on the river Lahn. Two 
years were then spent at the University of Wurzburg, Bavaria, Ger- 
many; the summer of 1891, at the University of Kiel, founded in 
1665; the following year at the University of Berlin, and the eighteen 
months following at the University of Leipsic, Saxony, Germany. 
It was from the last named institution, founded in 1409, that he 
received his degree, M.D., April 9, 1894. During the summer of 
1894, he pursued post-graduate study at Vienna, and during the 
following winter was similarly engaged in London, England. Dur- 
ing the summer of 1895 he was ship surgeon to the North German 
Lloyd Steamship Company, and while in New York City applied for 
license to practice, which was granted him in October, 1895. 
Dr. Leo-Wolf began his American practice in Buffalo, New York, 
during the winter of 1895, but the following March he located at 
Niagara Falls, New York, there continuing in practice until 1913, 
and serving as health officer during the years, 1902-'03. In 1913-'14 
he studied abroad in Berlin, Budapest, Vienna and Paris, returning BIOGRAPHICAL 
115 
to the United States, and on May 1, 1914, locating in Buffalo, New 
York, having since specialized in pediatrics. In addition to the 
demands of his private practice, he is Instructor in Pediatrics, Uni- 
versity of Buffalo, Chief of Clinic for Sick Babies and Children for 
the Health Department, attending pediatrist to the Buffalo German 
Deaconess, and German Hospitals; consulting pediatrist to Our Lady 
of Victory Infant Home at Lackawanna, New York, and the J. N. 
Adam Hospital at Perrysburg, New York. 
The literature of the medical profession has been enriched by 
contributions from his pen. His book for mothers, "The Child in 
Health and Sickness," being published by the George H. Doran Com- 
pany, New York, appearing in 1917, followed by "Nursing in Dis- 
eases of Children," from the presses of C. V. Mosby Company, St. 
Louis. He has long taken a deep interest in diseases of children 
and ranking as a specialist in such. He is a member of the Buffalo 
Academy of Medicine, Niagara Falls Academy of Medicine, Medical 
Society of Erie County, New York State Medical Society, the Amer- 
ican Medical Association, and the American Association for the Pre- 
vention of Infant Mortality. His clubs are the University of Buffalo, 
the Niagara of Niagara Falls, and he is a member of the Masonic 
order, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and of the Benevo- 
lent and Protective Order of Elks. 
Dr. Leo-Wolf married Clara Graebe, daughter of William and 
Emily (Kaltenbach) Graebe, her father now deceased, a member of 
the Rochester, New York, bar. Dr. and Mrs. Leo-Wolf are the 
parents of: Anita Ottilie; Helene Louise; Albert Louis; and Ger- 
trude Doris. 
IVILLIAM STIMPSON HUBBARD, M.D., of Brooklyn, was 
* ' born in Claremont, New Hampshire, September 20, 1866, and 
is the son of the Rev. Isaac G. and Elizabeth D. (Stimpson) Hub- 
bard. He was sent to the Holderness School for Boys, and from 
thence went to Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut. Here he 
received his bachelor's degree in 1888. In 1894 he was graduated 
in medicine at the Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, New 
York, after one year at the University of Michigan. From 1888 he 
was interested in the training of boys, holding until 1891 the posi- 
tion of master in the Holderness School for Boys, where he had 
spent some time in his own boyhood. From 1889 he was part owner 
of the Camp Sunapee School for Boys, one of the first of the sum- 
mer camps for boys which have since become so popular. 
In 1893 Dr. Hubbard entered upon the profession for which he 
had prepared himself, taking up the general practice of medicine 
in Brooklyn. He is attending surgeon at the St. Giles House for 
Cripples, and visiting physician at the St. John's Hospital. He is 
a member of the American, New York State, and County of Kings 
Medical Societies. He also belongs to the Association of Physicians 
of Long Island, to the Brooklyn Pathological Society, to the Society 
of the Alumni of St. John's Hospital, to the Delta Kappa Epsilon 116 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
fraternity, and to Hyatt Lodge No. 205, Free and Accepted Masons. 
He is a trustee of the Holderness School for Boys, of Trinity College, 
and of the House of St. Giles, the Cripple. He is also a member 
of the University Club of Brooklyn and the Church Club. 
Dr. Hubbard married in Brooklyn, April 9, 1896, Marie Howe 
Rice Weaver, and they have three children: Ruth W., Elizabeth W. 
and William Stimpson, Jr. He and his family are members of the 
Episcopal church. In politics Dr. Hubbard is a Republican. 
Dr. Hubbard traces his descent directly back to the Dane, Ragnar, 
who with two sons, Hingna and Hubba, and a large body of followers 
landed in 866 on the northeast coast of England and laid the founda- 
tions of the Danish kingdom of Northumbria. The American branch 
fettled in Glastonbury, Connecticut, in 1643, removing later to 
Toland, Connecticut. Calvin Hubbard, a brother of Dr. Hubbard's 
grandfather, was a prominent physician in Springfield, Vermont, 
and his great-grandson, F. Elmore Hubbard, occupies a similar posi- 
tion in Montclair, New Jersey. 
TAR. ERNEST WENDE, who had an established international rep- 
utation as a master in the application of the principles of mod- 
ern, scientific, preventive medicine to human life in a great city, 
was bom at Mill Grove, New York, July 23, 1853, and died in Buf- 
falo, New York, February 11, 1910. He was a son of Bernard P. 
and Susan K. Wende. 
Dr. Wende was a graduate of the University of Buffalo, medical 
department, 1878; took a special course in Columbia, 1881-82; grad- 
uate of the University of Pennsylvania, M.D., 1884, B.S., 1885; took 
a special course in Berlin and Vienna, 1885-86; was Professor of 
Dermatology in the medical department of the University of Buffalo; 
Professor of Botany and Microscopy in the College of Pharmacy, 
University of Buffalo; and served as Health Commissioner of Buf- 
falo for nearly three terms, his first term beginning in 1892 and 
ending in 1897, when he was reappointed by Mayor Jewett, a Repub- 
lican, and served until the end of the term, July, 1902. He did 
not serve during the term following, but was appointed in 1907 and 
served up to the time of his death in 1910. When he took office, 
under Mayor Charles Bishop, in 1892, under the revised charter, 
it was provided that the Health Commissioner was to give his entire 
time to the reorganized Health Department of the city of Buffalo. 
While there has been a general appreciation of the wonderful pre- 
ventive medical work done by Dr. Wende in his two terms of office, 
perhaps there has been no statement of it as a whole that has given 
an adequate view of the permanent results of putting this capable 
and efficient physician into this office. Few even of his professional 
brothers in Buffalo realize that the almost revolutionary, but thor- 
oughly scientific, methods he introduced into the office, the thor- 
oughly non-political and efficient organization he made of it in 
1892, and the extraordinary vigor he then injected into it, have 
continued to dominate it, in the main, during all these years. The BIOGRAPHICAL 
117 
year before Dr. Wende took office the death rate of the city was 
nearly twenty-four per thousand, but so efficient was Dr. Wende's 
attack upon disease along the line of scientific medicine, that within 
one year he had substantially reduced this death rate to about four- 
teen per thousand, and from that time down to the last full year 
Dr. Wende held office as health commissioner, the death rate of Buf- 
falo was firmly held to from some fraction above thirteen per thou- 
sand to fifteen per thousand. 
In considering Dr. Wende's life, it becomes clearly evident that 
it was no accident that he accomplished these results, but that they 
were the natural result of the most thorough scientific preparation of 
a naturally able man for the practice of his profession along the 
most modern lines, and the faithful adherence of that man to the 
principles of civil service reform. Had not Dr. Wende had natural 
ability of a very high order, had he not been thoroughly prepared 
along the most advanced scientific lines for his task, and had he 
not entered upon the discharge of his official duties with the desire 
to do his utmost for the public health of the city of Buffalo, and 
above all, had he not had indomitable courage and persistence in his 
great task, the results he accomplished would have been absolutely 
impossible for him or any other man in the same high position. 
Dr. Wende's inheritance, his early life, his education, and his early 
professional training and experience, all alike fitted him most nat- 
urally and completely to do for Buffalo the great and permanent 
work he did in the health department. 
Prior to his appointment as health commissioner, Dr. Wende spent 
some time in Germany, where he studied the most advanced scientific 
methods of medicine under such masters as Koch, who was then the 
leader in making practical application in medicine of Pasteur's dis- 
coveries concerning bacteria. As the result of more than a year 
spent in studying with Koch and other masters in Berlin and Vienna 
in the newly opened field of bacteriology, Dr. Wende returned to this 
country and established his office for the practice of medicine in 
Buffalo, in 1887. Up to that time the vast majority of the medical 
profession knew nothing of bacteria or germs, but after his appoint- 
ment as health commissioner, Dr. Wende installed Dr. Bissell as 
bacteriologist, and when an epidemic of typhoid fever commenced 
in the early spring, he consulted imperfect records and found that 
there had been a recurring epidemic of typhoid fever every spring 
for many years. His training told him that the water was probably 
at fault, and Dr. Bissell's analysis proving that this was the case, 
Dr. Wende took steps to have it remedied, as he did in many other 
cases of infectious disease, such as scarlet fever and diphtheria. 
Dr. Wende was an expert in the use of the microscope, and he 
made much use of it in his work. It was through the microscope 
that he first learned that it was impossible to properly cleanse the 
tube of the long-necked nursing bottle then so popular and so uni- 
versally used, and through his efforts the manufacture of them was 
discontinued. This reform was not only a local and a state reform, 118 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
but in a very short time it was a national, if not an international, re- 
form. At first, Dr. Wende encountered opposition from not only the 
politicians and the uninformed public, but often from a great major- 
ity of his own profession. All this made no difference to him, for 
he was absolutely without personal bias in his fighting, and friend 
or foe had alike to succumb, for when Dr. Wende began to push a 
reform, he secured his material first, and was able to demonstrate 
by proof of such a scientific character that no one could successfully 
withstand his proposed reforms. 
One of the last of these was that with reference to contagious 
diseases. At the time this reform was commenced, no hospital in 
Buffalo had any accommodations of any size for contagious diseases. 
Dr. Wende, therefore, began to agitate for a city hospital that would 
treat nothing but contagious diseases. Finally, after considerable 
discussion, it occurred to Dr. Wende that the building of School 
No. 41, at Broadway and Spring Street, which had been abandoned 
as unfit for school purposes, could be made over into such a hospital, 
and an epidemic of scarlet fever occurring at just this time, he 
was allowed to take possession of the building and convert it into 
a temporary hospital of the character he wanted. He did not intend, 
at that time, to make this a permanent hospital, but only planned to 
clean it and repair it so that it could be used for this purpose. He 
improved, repaired and remodelled it as far as he could, and the 
result is that, continuing his methods to the present day, this old 
school building, of which only the original walls remain, has been 
converted into one of the most up-to-date contagious-disease hospitals 
to be found anywhere in this country. It was opened February 19, 
1909, and since that time over five thousand cases of contagious dis- 
eases have been there treated, and it has beds for one hundred and 
fifty patients. The various diseases are scientifically isolated from 
each other. Most appropriately, since Dr. Wende's death, the hos- 
pital has been named the "Ernest Wende Hospital," and this is a 
fitting monument to his last permanent reform of conditions for the 
benefit of the masses of his beloved city. His ambition always was 
to keep Buffalo in the very front of the procession of great cities in 
its healthfulness. His constant study w^s to prevent premature 
death, and save more and more of human suffering and human life, 
nor did he abate his interest or his work for his city until he was 
removed by death. 
In private life, Dr. Wende was a man of simple, unpretentious 
habits, and of direct purpose and method. He was a genial, loyal son 
and brother, an affectionate, devoted and loving husband and father, 
a patriotic and public-spirited citizen. He was a member of the 
American Microscopical Society, Pan-American Medical Association, 
American Public Health Association, a fellow of the Electro-Thera- 
peutic Association and its president in 1901; Royal Microscopical 
Society, England; a member of the New York State Medical Society, 
and Supreme President of the Order of the Iroquois. He was an 
ardent sportsman and delighted in hunting and fishing. BIOGRAPHICAL 
119 
Dr. Wende married, August 25, 1881, Frances Harriet Cutler, of 
Buffalo. Children: Flavilla; Margaret, became the wife of Chaun- 
cey F. Lufkin, 2nd; and Hamilton H. To his family and his friends, 
Dr. Wende left a memory and a reputation that transcends any 
money value. 
TAR GROVER WILLIAM WENDE, of Buffalo, was born 
at Mill Grove, Erie county, New York, April 6, 1867, the son of 
Bernard Philip and Susan (Kirk) Wende and he is therefore the 
younger brother of the distinguished Dr. Ernest Wende already 
written of in this work. He was educated in the country district 
schools and the high school of Alden, New York. In 1889 he grad- 
uated from the medical department of the University of Buffalo. 
He then did post-graduate work in medicine at the University of 
Pennsylvania, 1890, and the University of Prague, Vienna and in 
Paris, 1897 and 1898. He is the dermatologist at the Erie County, 
Buffalo Sisters of Charity, German, Buffalo General, Children's, Mu- 
nicipal, and United States Marine hospitals, and at the Good Samari- 
tan Dispensary, Buffalo, New York. He is Professor of Dermatology 
and Syphilology, University of Buffalo, Medical and Dental depart- 
ments, and a member of the Advisory Committee on Venereal Dis- 
eases to the Surgeon General, there. "A Reference Handbook of 
Medical Sciences," by Albert H. Buck, M.D., published by William 
Wood & Company, New York City, 1901-1908, contains the following 
articles by Dr. Grover W. Wende: "Elephantiasis," Vol. Ill, pp. 
781-786; "Keratoderma Palmare et Plantare," Vol. V, pp. 304-306; 
"Keratosis Follicularis," Vol. V, pp. 306-307; "Keratosis Follicu- 
laris Contagiosa," Vol. V, p. 307; "Keratosis Pilaris," Vol. V, pp. 
307-308; "Porokeratosis," Vol. VI, pp. 735-736. Other articles by 
Dr. Wende are as follows: "Official Report of the Proceedings of 
the American Dermatological Association, 1905-1909"; "A Case of 
Rhinoscleroma Originating in the United States," Journal of Cu- 
taneous and Venereal Diseases, 1896, Vol. XIV, p. 90; "An Interest- 
ing Case of Tinea Favosa Epidermidis," Journal of Cutaneous and 
Venereal Diseases, 1896, Vol. XIV, p. 383; "Mycosis Fungoides, with 
report of a case," Buffalo Medical Journal, 1896, Vol. XXXVI, p. 
832; "The Use of Electricity in Acne Vulgaris and Acne Rosacea," 
Buffalo Medical Journal, 1898, Vol. XXXVIII, p. 254; "A Case of 
Multiple, Idiopathic Sarcoma," Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal 
Diseases, 1898, Vol. XVI, p. 205; "Porokeratosis, with report of a 
case," Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases, 1898, Vol. XVI, 
p. 505; " Rhinophyma, " conjointly with Ernest Wende, M.D., Buf- 
falo Medical Journal, 1899, Vol. XXXIX, p. 207; "Acute Circum- 
scribed Edema associated with Hemoglobinuria," Journal of Cutane- 
ous and Venereal Diseases, 1899, Vol. XVII, p. 178; "Dermatitis 
Vesico-Bullosa et Gangrenosa Mutilans," Journal of Cutaneous and 
Venereal Diseases, 1900, Vol. XVIII, p. 548; "A Case of Dermatitis 
Herpetiformis, illustrating an unusual variety of the Disease," con- 
jointly with Herbert D. Pease, M.D., Journal of Cutaneous and 120 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Venereal Diseases, 1901, Vol. XIX, p. 171; "Vegetating Dermatitis 
developing during the course of Infantile Eczema," conjointly with 
Herman K. DeGroat, M.D., Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Dis-' 
eases, 1902, Vol. XX, p. 58; "Sarcomatosis Cutis," Journal of Cu- 
taneous and Venereal Diseases, 1903, Vol. XXI, p. 307; "A Case of 
Epidermolysis Bullosa Hereditaria, associated with congenital Alope- 
cia and Atrophy of the finger ends," Journal of Cutaneous and 
Venereal Diseases, Vol. XXII, p. 14; "A Case of Epidermolysis 
Bullosa; report of a case," Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Dis- 
eases, Vol. XX, p. 537; "Rhinophyma; a pathological analysis of 
five separate tumors occurring in the same patient," conjointly with 
Charles A. Bentz, M.D., Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Dis- 
eases, 1904, Vol. XXII, p. 447; "Alopecia Areata, as Associated with 
Nail Changes," Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases, 1905, 
Vol. XXIII, p. 517; ' ' Erythema Perstans, with report of two cases 
involving Circinate Lesions," Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal 
Diseases, 1906, Vol. XXIV, p. 241; "Infectious Dermatitis Gangre- 
nosa," conjointly with Charles A. Bentz, M.D., Journal of Cutaneous 
and Venereal Diseases, 1908, Vol. XXIV, p. 445; "Keratosis Folli- 
cularis resulting in Multiple Epithelioma; report of a case," Journal 
of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases, 1908, Vol. XXIV, p. 531; 
"Erythema Figuratum Perstans," Journal of American Medical 
Association, 1908, Vol. LI, pp. 1936-39; "A Nodular, terminating in 
a Ring Eruption (granuloma annulare)," Journal of Cutaneous and 
Venereal Diseases, 1909, Vol. XXVII, p. 388; "Localized Facial 
Sweating, following certain olfactory stimuli," conjointly with Fred- 
erick C. Busch, M.D., Journal of American Medical Association, 1909, 
Vol., LIII, pp. 207-8; "Dermatology as a Specialty, and its relation 
to Internal Medicine," Journal of American Medical Association, 
1910, Vol. LV, pp. 1-3; "Nodular Tuberculosis of the Hypoderm," 
Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases, 1911, Vol. XXIX, p. 1; 
"Mutual Relations of Physician and Layman," Buffalo Medical Jour- 
nal, February, 1911; "A Case of Lymphatic Leukemia apparently 
developing out of Hodgkin's Disease, accompanied by Leukaemic 
Lesions and Pigmentations of the Skin, culminating in streptococcus 
infection," American Journal of Medical Sciences, December, 1901; 
"Pellagra in Buffalo," Buffalo Medical Journal, May, 1911; "Der- 
matitis Vegetans in Infants," conjointly with Herman K. DeGroat, 
M.D., Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases, 1911, Vol. XXIX, 
p. 437; and "Modern Methods in Diagnosis, Prevention and Treat- 
ment of Syphilis," Buffalo Sanitary Bulletin, Vol. VII, No. 1, Jan- 
uary 31, 1914. 
Dr. Grover W. Wende is ex-president of the American Dermatolog- 
ical Association, of which he is yet a member; ex-chairman of section 
on Dermatology of the American Medical Association; ex-president 
of the Medical Society of the State of New York; member of the 
American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists; American 
Association for Cancer Research; American Association for the Con- 
trol of Syphilis; Medical Society of the County of Erie; Buffalo BIOGRAPHICAL 
121 
Academy of Medicine; Roswell Park Medical Club; Buffalo Medical 
Club; Buffalo Medical Union; and the Gross Medical Club. He is 
also a member of the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce, and of the 
Saturn and Rotary Clubs. He married Mary Graham Tucker, de- 
ceased, daughter of David and Mary (Graham) Tucker. 
T^OWARD JAMES WARE, M.D., a general practitioner of medi- 
cine of all-around capability, was born in New York City, June 
16, 1859, a son of Enoch Richmond and Mary Coutant (Peck) Ware, 
the former a native of Winterport, Maine, and the latter of New 
York. Dr. Ware on both paternal and maternal lines comes of worthy 
Colonial families, Robert Ware, who was the progenitor of the 
American branches of the main English family of that patronymic, 
having voyaged from England to Boston Bay in 1625, in the same 
year joining the Massachusetts Bay Colony, settling at Dedham, his 
name being preserved in Colonial archives as having been a member 
of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston in 1644. 
The maternal lineage is derived from the French Huguenot family 
of Coutant, and the Dutch family of Varian. 
Edward J. Ware was educated at the Peekskill Military Academy, 
Irving Institute, Tarrytown, New York, and Harvard University, 
graduating therefrom in 1881 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, 
and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 
New York, receiving the degree of M. D., in 1885. After serving in 
Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, for eighteen months as an interne, he 
entered upon the active practice of his profession, first on the upper 
west side of New York City. He was for several years a lecturer 
and instructor in the Department of Diseases of the Chest at the 
New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital, has been assistant 
attending physician to the out-patient department of Roosevelt Hos- 
pital and attending physician to St. Luke's Home for Aged Women, 
of New York City. Dr. Ware is a member of the New York Academy 
of Medicine, New York County Medical Association, American Medi- 
cal Association, Medical Society of the State of New York, the Society 
of Alumni of Mt. Sinai Hospital, and a member and former presi- 
dent of the West End Medical Society. He is a member of the 
Harvard Club of New York, was a member of the famous Hasty 
Pudding Club while a student at Harvard, and for many years, a 
vestryman of St. Michael's Episcopal Church. 
Dr. Ware was married on October 4, 1888, to Caroline L. Barlow, 
of Ossining, New York. They have three children: Edward Rich- 
mond, born March 25, 1892; William Barlow, born March 20, 1895; 
Catherine, born May 27, 1902. 
I-T ARMON ALBERT VEDDER, A.B., M.D., is a general practi- 
1 1 tioner of medicine of all-around capability, equally skilled in the 
medical and surgical branches of the profession. He was born at 
Flushing, Long Island, January 16, 1868, a son of Dr. Maus Rosa 
and Sarah (Outwater) Vedder. Dr. Maus R. Vedder, father of Dr. 122 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Vedder, had been one of three brothers who were prominent phy- 
sicians of the State of New York, his brothers being Dr. Alexander 
M. Vedder, of Schenectady, and Dr. Joseph H. Vedder, of Flushing. 
The Vedder family is of Dutch origin and prominent in Colonial 
times in this country, Dr. Harmon A. Vedder being of the eighth 
generation in the direct line from Harmon Albertse Vedder, who 
came to this country about the year 1635. 
Harmon A. Vedder received a liberal classical education in the pri- 
vate schools of New York City and Columbia University, graduating 
therefrom in 1888 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He entered 
upon the study of medicine at the medical college of the same insti- 
tution, graduating therefrom with the degree of M. D., in 1891. 
Immediately thereafter he became an interne in the New York Hos- 
pital, remaining a member of its house staff for eighteen months, 
also acting in a similar capacity at the Sloane Maternity Hospital 
for three months. He afterwards went abroad, where he took a post- 
graduate course at the famous Edinburgh University, Scotland, and 
at the clinics of the Royal Infirmary of the same city. In 1893 he 
returned to New York City and engaged in the private practice of 
his profession, where he has been successfully engaged to the present 
time. Dr. Vedder was a statistician for the New York Hospital for 
many years. He is a member of the Quiz Medical Society, the New 
York Academy of Medicine, American Medical Association, Medico- 
Surgical Society, and the alumni societies of the New York and Sloane 
Maternity hospitals. He is also a member of the Greater New York 
Medical Association and the Holland Society. 
On December 12, 1894, Dr. Vedder was married to Effie Boultbee, 
of Toronto, Canada. They have three sons: Harmon Boultbee, James 
Outwater and Glen Turner Vedder. 
TAMES WALTER LYMAN, M.D., general practitioner of medicine 
J of all-around capability, equally skilled in the medical and surgi- 
cal branches of his profession, has been in general practice in New 
York City for thirty-four years, and is one of New York's repre- 
sentative physicians. 
James W. Lyman was born in Hartford, Connecticut, December 
10, 1856, a son of Norman and Louisa Gertrude (Wickham) Lyman. 
Dr. Lyman comes of ancient and honorable Colonial ancestry in this 
country, on both his paternal and maternal lines, Richard Lyman, 
the progenitor of the Lyman family of America, having reached this 
country from England in 1631, also Miles Standish, who was a grand- 
ancestor of the maternal line, who is famous in Colonial history as 
one of the Plymouth Pilgrims. James W. Lyman received a liberal 
classical education in the public schools of his native city and the 
Episcopal Academy of Connecticut. He entered upon the study of 
medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, 
graduating therefrom in 1881 with the degree of M. D. He immedi- 
ately joined the house staff of the Almshouse and Workhouse Hos- 
pital on Blackwell's Island, where he remained until 1882, and in BIOGRAPHICAL 
123 
May, 1882, he engaged in the private general practice of his profession 
in New York, in which he has continued successfully to the present 
time. Dr. Lyman is a member of the Medical Society of the State 
of New York, New York County Medical Association, and the Ameri- 
can Medical Association. 
On November 1, 1887, Dr. Lyman was married to Alice Smith, of 
New York. They have one child, Alice Louise Lyman. 
O ICHARD GEORGE WIENER, A.M., M.D., general practitioner 
of medicine, one of New York's representative medical men, was 
born in New York City, June 13, 1854, a son of Solomon and Theresa 
(Falkenau) Wiener. 
He received his classical education in the public schools of his 
native city, and the University of New York, graduating therefrom 
in 1875 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and the Master degree 
of the same institution in 1878. In the fall of 1875 he entered upon 
the study of medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
New York, where he graduated with the degree of M.D., in 1878. 
While still a student he served as assistant in anatomy under Drs. 
Sands and Sabin, and after his graduation he spent one year as 
interne at the Lincoln Hospital of New York City. October 1, 1878, 
Dr. Wiener engaged in the private general practice of his profession 
in New York City, in which he has since continued successfully. For 
six years, 1878-83, he was clinical assistant to Dr. Detmold and Pro- 
fessor Seguin, in the surgical department of the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, and from 1890 to 1895 he was surgeon to Charity 
Hospital, New York City, and also was an instructor in the out- 
patient departments of the New York and Roosevelt hospitals. At 
the present time he is attending physician to Harlem Hospital, which 
appointment he has continuously held since 1890, and has also been 
consulting physician to the Sheltering Arms. Dr. Wiener has con- 
tributed articles to medical literature that have been read before 
various medical societies. Dr. Wiener is a member of the American 
Medical Society, the New York State Medical Association, New York 
County Medical Association, the Obstetrical Society, the Pathological 
Society, the Neurological Society, Academy of Medicine, German 
Medical Association, and the Metropolitan Medical and Surgical So- 
ciety. Dr. Wiener is a member of the Society for Ethical Culture, 
presided over by Professor Felix Adler, and was one of the board of 
trustees of the school connected with the society. 
In New York City, in 1884, Dr. Wiener was married to Fannie 
Hirsch, a daughter of Samuel Hirsch, of New York City. They have 
four sons: Arthur S., a graduate of Harvard University; Dr. Her- 
bert J., a physician; Ernest H. and Frank R. 
THOMAS FORTESCUE ROCHESTER, M.D., a leader of his 
1 profession in Western New York, a public-spirited citizen, a 
man of broad and generous sympathies, one of nature's noblemen, 
was descended from Colonial English settlers of Virginia, eldest son 124 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
of Thomas H. Rochester, and grandson of Colonel Nathaniel 
Rochester, deputy commissary-general in the Continental Army, and 
for whom the city of Rochester is named. Thomas H. Rochester was 
the fifth mayor of Rochester, holding office in 1839. 
Dr. Thomas F. Rochester was born, at Rochester, Monroe County, 
New York, October 8, 1823. After a preliminary training in the 
schools of his native city, he became a student in Geneva College, 
from which institution he graduated in 1845 with the degree of 
Master of Arts. Choosing medicine for his profession, he matricu- 
lated in the University of Pennsylvania, taking the degree of Doctor 
of Medicine in 1848. For the year following he was assistant phy- 
sician at Bellevue Hospital, where he enjoyed rare opportunities for 
practice and study, and for the following year and a half he traveled 
in many countries in Europe, and also continued his professional 
studies. Upon his return to the United States, in 1851, he established 
himself in New York City; and there engaged in a general practice 
until June, 1853, when he came to Buffalo, New York, to take the 
chair of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and of Clinical 
Medicine in the University of Buffalo. From 1853 to 1883 he was 
attending or consulting physician at the Sisters of Charity Hospital, 
and from 1861 until his decease was consulting physician to the 
Buffalo General Hospital. In the early years of his practice in 
Buffalo, Dr. Rochester was in partnership with Dr. Austin Flint, Sr. 
Of Dr. Rochester's professional publications may be mentioned: 
"The Winter Climate of Malaga," being observations made 
during personal residence; "History of the Medical Societies of 
Buffalo," "The Army Surgeon," "The Modern Hygeia, " "Medical 
Men and Medical Matters of 1776," and many monographs on vari- 
ous professional subjects. With No. 2 of the first volume of 
the "Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal and Reporter," Sep- 
tember, 1861, Dr. Rochester began the publication of a series of 
articles on the "History of the Origin and Transactions of 
the Medical Societies of Buffalo, ' ' which was continued through 
three numbers. He brought the abstract of proceedings down to 
April, 1861, beginning with "the earliest record of medical asso- 
ciation for professional improvement and advancement," which was 
entitled "The Constitution and By-Laws of the Medical Society of 
the Village of Buffalo, adopted July 16, 1831." On February 24, 
1863, Dr. Rochester delivered an address to the graduates of the 
Medical Department of the University of Buffalo on "The Army 
Surgeon," which attracted wide attention, and was published in the 
Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal for March, 1863. For 
many years, during Dr. Miner's management of the Buffalo Medical 
Journal, it contained frequent contributions from Dr. Rochester, 
notable among these being papers on cholera, in which are recorded 
many interesting facts relating to the epidemic of 1854, with obser- 
vations on cases at Suspension Bridge, Niagara Falls, and Buffalo. 
In 1848 Dr. Rochester was elected a member of the New York Patho- 
logical Society. He was a member of the Erie County Medical So- BIOGRAPHICAL 
125 
ciety, and was its president in 1860. He was president of the New 
York State Medical Society in 1875-76, and its delegate to the Inter- 
national Medical Congress at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1876. 
He was also an ex-vice-president of the American Medical Associa- 
tion. He was president of the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, and a 
practical patron and promoter of art. He was also a life member 
of the Young Men's Association of Buffalo, and a member of Trinity 
Episcopal Church. 
Dr. Rochester married, May 6, 1852, Margaret Munro, daughter 
of the Rt. Rev. W. H. DeLancey, D.D., D.C.L., Oxon, first Bishop 
of the Diocese of Western New York. Children: Nathaniel, president 
of the Third National Bank, Buffalo, until his death; Dr. DeLancey 
Rochester, who was associated with his father in the practice of medi- 
cine until the latter's death; Elizabeth, Margaret, Emily, and Mrs. 
Charles B. Wheeler. Dr. Rochester passed away May 24, 1887, aged 
sixty-three years. 
TAE LANCEY ROCHESTER, M.D., of Buffalo, is a valued man 
in his profession and in the capacity of Professor of Medicine 
in the University of Buffalo. As an authority in the field of his 
specialty of internal diseases his consultation on unusual and difficult 
cases is frequently and eagerly sought. 
Dr. De Lancey Rochester was born in Buffalo, New York, Febru- 
ary 4, 1859, the son of Dr. Thomas Fortescue and Margaret Munro 
(De Lancey) Rochester. He attended the Heathcote School, Buffalo, 
during his early years, and later entered Harvard College, from 
which he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1881. He then 
entered the medical department of the University of Buffalo, com- 
pleting the course with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1884. 
From that time until the following year he served as an interne at 
the Buffalo General Hospital. During 1885 and 1886 he took post- 
graduate work at Harvard University and the University of Berlin, 
Germany. Since that time he has been practicing medicine in Buffalo. 
He was formerly attending physician in the Erie County, German- 
Deaconess, and Sisters of Charity hospitals. He is now attending 
physician at the Buffalo General Hospital and consulting physician 
to the Municipal Tuberculosis Hospital, Buffalo. He previously 
taught in various positions in the department of medicine, University 
of Buffalo, where in 1916 he was appointed Professor of Medicine. 
He has made various contributions on medical subjects to different 
medical journals. He is a member of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, the Medical Society of the State of New York, and the Buf- 
falo Academy of Medicine, of which he was the first president. He 
also belongs to the Saturn Club, the Harvard Club, the Medical Club, 
and the Thursday Club. 
Dr. Rochester married Mary Lathrop, daughter of John P. P. and 
Anna Buell (Sedgwick) Lathrop. They are the parents of four chil- 
dren: Anna Perit, Margaret DeLancey (Mrs. Frank B. Ober), De- 
Lancey, Jr., and John Lathrop. 126 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
JOHN RUDOLPH KNAPP, M.D., son of Charles Sidney and 
Elizabeth Amanda (Johnson) Knapp, was born December 24, 
1869, at Montgomery Square, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. 
There he attended the public schools and later entered the North 
Wales Academy, North Wales, Pennsylvania, graduating from there 
in June, 1889. He then matriculated at the University of Penn- 
sylvania, from the medical department of which institution he was 
graduated with the degree of M.D., and honorable mention in June, 
1894. From October of that year until January, 1896, he was house 
physician and surgeon of Randall's Island Hospital, New York 
City. Since June, 1896, he has been on the staff of the Manhattan 
State Hospital, Ward's Island, New York City, as junior assistant, 
assistant, and senior assistant physician. He has written several 
papers on subjects of his profession, in which he has made a specialty 
of mental and nervous diseases. He is a member of the University 
of Pennsylvania Medical Society of New York and Vicinity, New 
York County and State Medical Societies, American Medical Asso- 
ciation, Medical Association of the Greater City of New York, and of 
the American Medico-Psyehological Association. He belongs to the 
University of Pennsylvania Club of New York City and to the Travel 
Club of America. 
Dr. Knapp married, in New York City, August 5, 1898, Mary 
Isabel O'Donnel. 
PRNEST CHARLES SCHULTZE, M.D., 1890, Specialist in Der- 
matology and Syphilis, was born at Jersey City, New Jersey, 
1868, the son of Emile and Anna (Feldner) Schultze. 
After preliminary education in the public schools, he entered 
Hoboken Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, later studying at the Col- 
legiate and Commercial Institute, New Haven, Connecticut, Andover 
College, Andover, Massachusetts, and Fordham College. In medi- 
cine, he studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia 
University, graduating as Doctor of Medicine in 1890. Dr. Schultze 
immediately engaged in the practice of his profession, substituting 
for eight months at Roosevelt Hospital, after which followed terms 
as interne: German Hospital, six months; Presbyterian Hospital, 
two years; Foundling Hospital, one year. His present hospital con- 
nections are: physician-in-chief of Good Samaritan Dispensary, assist- 
ant dermatologist, New York Polyclinic Hospital; attending derma- 
tologist, New York Foundling Hospital. 
His scientific investigations are, in part, referred to in "A Pre- 
liminary Report on the Importance in Scarlatina of an Early Bac- 
terial Examination of the Secretion from the Postnasal Region," 
(Med. Rec., Dec. 10, 1910); and "A Report of 128 Cases of Scar- 
latina Treated by Vaccines, and the Method of Milne," (Med. Ree., 
May 23, 1914). Dr. Schultze is affiliated with the following societies: 
County, State, and American Medical associations; Physicians' Mu- 
tual Aid Association, Academy of Medicine, Alumni associations of 
Presbyterian, German, Polyclinic and Foundling hospitals. He also BIOGRAPHICAL 
127 
has the honor of being a Fellow of the National Geographical Society. 
He is a member of the Army and Navy Club, Washington, D. C., 
his interest in this probably arising from his national military service. 
During the war with Spain Dr. Schultze served as contract surgeon 
on the United States hospital ship Relief, and he also saw service 
in Porto Rico, after which his valued experience was requisitioned 
during the campaign in the Philippine Islands. On his return he 
received the New York State Decoration for Service in War, and in 
the event of national need his services are still available to the Gov- 
ernment, as he, at present, holds a commission in the Medical Reserve 
Corps, U. S. Army, ranking as first lieutenant. 
In 1905, at Hoboken, N. J., he married Blanche Sheldon Schrieber, 
daughter of Louis and Margaret (Raymond) Schrieber. They have 
one child, Anita, who was born in New York City in 1906. 
RATHAN A. WARREN, M.D., was born in Hubbardstown, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1856, the son of Walter and Lydia Warren. His 
father was a successful business man, connected with the tanning 
industry and the manufacture of leather. 
Dr. Warren received his early education in the public schools of 
Worcester, in his native State, from there going to the Wesleyan 
Academy, Wilbraham, Massachusetts, entering with the class of 1875. 
A course at Harvard Medical College followed this, occupying the 
years 1876 and 1877. He worked at Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- 
lege from 1877 to 1879, where in the latter year he received his medi- 
cal degree. 
From the year 1879 to 1881 he served as house physician at St. 
John's Hospital, Yonkers, taking also post-graduate courses in 
diseases of the nose, eye, and throat, and in surgery. In 1882 he 
opened his office for the general practice of medicine. He is a mem- 
ber of the surgical staff of St. Joseph's Hospital, Yonkers, serving 
for a time as the secretary of the staff, and at the present time as its 
president. He has also found time to prepare a number of papers 
on his specialty, surgery, and kindred topics, which have been pre- 
sented before the professional bodies and published in the medical 
journals. 
Dr. Warren has held a large number of offices in the service of the 
community. He was mayor of the city of Yonkers for one term, 
and postmaster for four years. Previous to 1908 he held the office 
of surgeon to the Fire Department. For eight years he served on 
the United States Pension Board, local district, embracing West- 
chester and Rockland counties, as president. He was and is presi- 
dent of the Chamber of Commerce of the city, and is president of 
the City Club, having served for fourteen terms. 
He is a member of the American Medical Association, Westchester 
Medical Society, and the New York State Medical Society. He be- 
longs to the Jenkins Medical Society and has served as its secretary 
and president, and for one year was the vice-president of the County 
Society. He is a member of a large number of the fraternal societies, 128 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
holding membership in the Odd Fellows, the Elks, the Royal Ar- 
canum, the Foresters, and the Modern Woodmen. He is a member 
of the Historic and Scenic Preservation Society, and of the City Club. 
On the athletic and social side he belongs to the Palisade Boat Club, 
to the Corinthian Yacht Club, and the Yonkers Yacht Club. He is 
a member of the Westminster Presbyterian Church and has been a 
trustee for over twenty years. 
CTEPHEN F. LEO, M.D., was born at Saratoga, New York, in 
1862, and is the son of Patrick and Hannah Leo. His father was 
a farmer. Dr. Leo received his early education at the public schools 
of Saratoga, where he was prepared for Union College, Schenectady, 
New York. In 1884, at the end of a four years' course at that insti- 
tution, he received his bachelor degree. He then taught for a time, 
being principal of grammar school, and superintendent of schools at 
Cohoes, New York, in 1887. Deciding to take up the profession of 
medicine, he entered the medical school of the University of Vermont, 
and received from it the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1890. Dur- 
ing the years between 1890 and 1893 he practiced in Cohoes, where 
he was Health Officer from 1891 to 1893, and during the same period 
he served as First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon of the Seventh 
Separate Company. 
After leaving Cohoes he took post-graduate work at the New York 
Post-Graduate School and Hospital. He became a resident of Yonkers, 
New York, in 1895, and since 1896 has been connected with St. John's 
Hospital staff and is also physician to the parochial schools of Yon- 
kers. He was the Director of Hygiene and Sanitation for the Hill 
View Reservoir, which is part of the New York Water Supply Sys- 
tem, serving in that capacity during the years of construction, 1910 
to 1916. Dr. Leo is a member of the Westchester County Medical 
Society of the State of New York, of the American Medical Associa- 
tion, and of the Alumni of Union College. He is also a member of 
the City Club of Yonkers. He and his family are members of the 
Roman Catholic church. 
Dr. Leo married, in 1900, at Yonkers, Sarah Grace Clark, daughter 
of Nathaniel and Nancy Jane (Smith) Clark, and they have four 
children: Grace, born in 1901; Mary Charlotte, born in 1906; Eugene 
Clark, born in 1906, and Stephen, born in 1909. 
VA/ STANTON GLEASON, M.D., one of the leading physicians 
v ¥ • of Orange county, New York, member of the medical fraternity 
of Newburgh, Orange county, for almost thirty years, president of 
the State Medical Society in 1915, and connected in official capacity 
as attending and consulting physician with St. Luke's Hospital, 
Newburgh, Highland Hospital, Beacon, and St. Francis Hospital, 
Poughkeepsie, for many years, was born at Sag Harbor, Long Island, 
July 24, 1860, son of the Rev. W. H. and Helen (Gladwin) Gleason, 
the former a Doctor of Divinity, who for many years was pastor of BIOGRAPHICAL 
129 
the American Reformed Church, Newburgh, New York, and Newark, 
New Jersey. 
Much of the earlier education of Dr. W. Stanton Gleason was 
supervised by his father, and he later was prepared for college at 
the Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Massachusetts, subsequently 
entering Amherst College, wherein he pursued the advanced classical 
course. Having decided to take up the study of medicine, with the 
intention of eventually entering the profession, he journeyed to New 
York City in 1883, and entered the Medical College of the New York 
University, under the preceptorship of the late Professor William 
H. Thomson. As a student of medicine he manifested much aptitude 
and earnestness, and while he followed the lecture courses intelli- 
gently and conscientiously, he also studied practical medicine in the 
clinics and hospitals of the city. In due course he became possessed 
of his medical degree and the title to enter upon the general practice 
of the profession. Having received the degree of Doctor of Medicine 
by graduating with honor in the class of 1886 at the New York Uni- 
versity Medical College, Dr. W. Stanton Gleason went to Newburgh, 
New York, in 1887, and since that time has been in continuous office 
and general practice in Newburgh, during which practice many pro- 
fessional triumphs have been his. He has held hospital appointments 
practically throughout his practice, and at present is senior attend- 
ing physician to St. Luke's Hospital, Newburgh, consulting to the 
Highland Hospital, Beacon, New York, consulting to the St. Frances 
Hospital, Poughkeepsie, New York. Many other responsibilities and 
honors have come to him; he has been president of the Board of 
Pension Examining Surgeons, and of the Medical Society of the 
State of New York, and member of the State Committee Council of 
National Defense, Medical Section. He is affiliated in membership 
with some of the principal medical organizations, including the 
American Medical Association, the Medical Society of the State of 
New York, ex-president of the Newburgh Bay Medical Society, and 
ex-president of the Orange County Medical Society. He also has 
been elected a fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine. Dr. 
Gleason has taken an active interest in fraternal affairs, particularly 
in Masonic activities. He also is a Knight-Templar, and has con- 
cerned himself with the educational facilities of his town, having 
been a member of the Newburgh Board of Education. 
In 1888, Dr. Gleason married Grace Hoysralt, daughter of the late 
Senator J. W. Hoysralt, of Hudson, New York. They have one child, 
Charles B., born June 22, 1900, who is now the head of the Cleveland, 
Ohio, Branch of the Guaranty Trust Company of New York City. 
/^HARLES A. ELSBERG, A.B., M.D., surgeon, occupies a distinct 
place of prominence among medical men. 
Charles A. Elsberg was born in New York City, August 24, 1871, 
a son of Albert and Rebecca (Moses) Elsberg, the former a promi- 
nent merchant of New York City, who passed away in 1891. Dr. 
Elsberg is a nephew of the late Dr. Louis Elsberg, who was a dis- 130 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
tinguished New York physician, and holds a prominent place in 
American medical history, as having introduced the study of Laryn- 
gology into this country and established the first public clinic here 
for the study of diseases of the throat, and was honored by receiving 
a gold medal awarded him in 1865 by the American Medical Associa- 
tion. Charles A. Elsberg received a liberal classical education in 
the public schools of his native city, and the College of the City of 
New York, from which he graduated in 1890 with the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts. He entered upon the study of medicine at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 1890, graduating 
with honors therefrom with the degree of M.D., in 1893, gaining the 
first place in the graduating class of his year, and winning the ' ' Har- 
sen" prize of five hundred dollars, and the "Harsen" clinical prize 
of one hundred and fifty dollars. Dr. Elsberg then was appointed to 
the house staff of Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, where he re- 
mained for two years, leaving there to go abroad, where he took 
post-graduate courses in leading hospitals and clinics of Europe, re- 
maining there one year when he returned to New York City and en- 
gaged in the private practice of his profession, making a specialty of 
surgery, in which he has successfully continued to the present time. 
He has been attending surgeon to Mount Sinai Hospital since 1900, 
and since 1906 has been attending surgeon to the Neurological Insti- 
tute. Dr. Elsberg has contributed many important books and papers 
to medical literature that have been of great value and interest to 
the profession, among them being: "Experimental Investigation of 
the Treatment of Wounds of the Heart by Means of Suture of the 
Heart Muscle," (Jour, of Exper. Med., 1898), which was also trans- 
lated into many foreign languages; various papers on "Spinal and 
Intra Clavial Surgery," and a book called "Surgical Diseases of the 
Spinal Cord and their Treatment." 
Dr. Elsberg is a member of the New York Academy of Medicine, 
of which he is also a fellow; American Medical Association, Ameri- 
can Neurological Association, New York Pathological Society, New 
York Surgical Society, State Medical Society, County Medical Asso- 
ciation, fellow of the American College of Surgeons, and is a member 
of the alumni societies of Mount Sinai and the Sloane Maternity 
Hospitals, and of Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. 
AAflLLIAM H. PURDY, M.D., of Mt. Vernon, New York, was 
' v born at Harrison, New York, November 30, 1874, and is the 
son of William H. Purdy, Sr., and of Mary F. Purdy. His father, 
who was a farmer of Westchester county, belonged to one of the 
oldest families in that part of the State, the original ancestor hav- 
ing come from England and settled there in 1648. Dr. Purdy re- 
ceived his early education at the public schools of Mamaroneck, and 
later at Chappaqua Institute. After a course of study at Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College he received his degree of Doctor of Medi- 
cine in 1898. In his second and third year there he did extensive 
dispensary work. He began his professional career at Mt. Vernon, BIOGRAPHICAL 
131 
in 1898, in 1901 becoming the house surgeon of the Mt. Vernon 
Hospital, and continuing in that position for a year. Since 1910 
he has been the senior medical attendant at that hospital. While he 
gives his attention to a general practice he also specializes in internal 
medicine. 
Dr. Purdy was the president of the Board of Health from 1901 
to 1903. He is associated with the Red Cross and is a member of 
the Examining Board. He is a member of the Mt. Vernon Medical 
Society and of the Jenkins Medical Society, of the Westchester 
County Medical Society, of the New York State Medical Society, and 
of the American Medical Association, serving as the president of the 
Mt. Vernon Medical and of the Jenkins Medical societies, and at 
present is secretary of the Westchester County Medical Society. He 
also holds the position of medical examiner to the Royal Arcanum. 
He holds membership in all the Masonic bodies of the York Rite, 
including the Mystic Shrine. He and his family are members of the 
Protestant Episcopal church. 
Dr. Purdy married, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, June 27, 1900, 
Grace M. Bronson, daughter of Charles R. and Georgia Bronson. 
They have two children: William Henry, born December 12, 1903, 
and H. Bronson, born May 16, 1907. 
CYDNEY ORMOND GOLDAN, M.D., a son of Stanley and Rose 
(Weyler) Goldan, the former a linen merchant of Philadelphia, 
was born in that city December 6, 1869. He spent his youth in his 
native city, and in the grade and high schools obtained a good educa- 
tion. When a profession was to be decided upon he chose medicine, 
and in June, 1896, he was graduated with the degree of M.D. from 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New 
York City. From that year he has continuously practiced his pro- 
fession, holding licenses to practice in the states of Pennsylvania, 
New York and New Jersey. He was formerly House Surgeon and 
Gynecologist at the New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital 
in New York City. He is a member of the Academy of Medicine, 
New York City, the American Medical Association, the Medical So- 
ciety of the County of New York, the Medical Association of Greater 
New York, New York Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, New York 
State Medical Society, and the Society of Medical Jurisprudence. 
Through the research of Dr. Goldan on the subcutaneous use of 
chloroform for the relief and cure of pain, and in other fields of 
medical discovery, the literature of his profession has been enriched 
through the publication of papers and articles bearing Dr. Goldan's 
name. Articles from his pen appeared in the Medical Journal under 
date of April 28, and May 5, 1900; Dental Cosmos, in October, 1900; 
New York Medical Journal, November 3, 1900; New York Medical 
Journal, December 22, 1900; Journal of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, December 15, 1900; American Journal of Medical Sciences, 
June, 1901; American Medical Journal, July, 1901; New York Medi- 132 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
cal Journal, August 12, 1903; New York Medical Journal, June 13, 
1908. 
The Doctor is a Thirty-second degree Mason, Ancient Accepted 
Scottish Rite, a Democrat in national politics, independent in local af- 
fairs, and a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. His offices 
are at No. 25 West 74th Street, New York City. Doctor Goldan is 
unmarried. 
D OBERT GRIGG REESE, Ph.G.,M.D., F.A.C.S., eminent special- 
ist in Ophthalmology, New York City, since 1894, Professor of 
Ophthalmology, Cornell University Medical College, Ophthalmic Sur- 
geon, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, Consulting Ophthalmic 
Surgeon, General Memorial Hospital and the New York Nursery and 
Child's Hospital, and holding important connections in other hos- 
pitals, has had an enviable career and is a recognized authority in 
his special field of practice. To Dr. Reese belongs the distinction 
of originating an operation for Squint. 
Robert G. Reese was born in Virginia in 1866, a son of Beverly 
Patrick and Elizabeth Mildred (Grigg) Reese, the former a physician 
and a graduate of the University of Virginia, of Princeton University 
in 1847, and of Jefferson Medical College in 1850, and engaged in the 
practice of his profession in Staunton, Virginia, since 1866. Robert 
G. Reese received his education in the public schools of his native 
city, and at Staunton Military Academy; University of Virginia, 
1888-90; Ph.G., Maryland College of Pharmacy, 1887; M.D., Uni- 
versity of the City of New York, 1891. Dr. Reese's medical career 
has been briefly as follows: House surgeon, New York Eye and Ear 
Infirmary, 1892-4; assisted the late Dr. Emil Gruening, 1894-6; studied 
Ophthalmology, Vienna, Austria, 1897-1911; since 1894 engaged in 
practice of Ophthalmology, New York City; Professor Ophthalmology, 
Cornell University Medical College; Ophthalmic Surgeon, New 
York Eye and Ear Infirmary and member of its board of directors; 
Consulting Ophthalmic Surgeon, General Memorial Hospital, New 
York Nursery and Child's Hospital, and the New York Infirmary for 
Women and Children; specialty, diseases of the eye; was originator 
of an operation for Squint; author of numerous papers to medical 
literature dealing principally with his specialty; member New York 
Academy of Medicine, New York Ophthalmological Society, American 
Ophthalmological Society, New York State Medical Society, fellow 
of the American College of Surgeons, member Phi Kappa Psi, Phi 
Alpha Sigma fraternities, and the New York Athletic Club. 
August, 1908, at Greenwich, Connecticut, Dr. Reese married Louise 
De l'Aigle, daughter of Louis and Mary (Stedman) De l'Aigle. Resi- 
dence: 50 West 52nd Street, New York City. 
TAR. JAMES J. WALSH was born at Archbald, Pennsylvania, April 
12, 1865, the son of Martin J. and Bridget Golden Walsh. He 
received his earliest schooling in one of the little country schools 
where all the grades were represented in one room, and at the age of BIOGRAPHICAL 
133 
twelve went to the parochial school of the Sisters of Mercy in Wilkes- 
Barre in preparation for boarding school. He did his high school 
work at St. John's College, Fordham, (now Fordham University), 
and completed his college work there in 1884, receiving his degree of 
A.B. at the age of nineteen. He did graduate work the following year 
at Fordham and received his Master's Degree in Arts. The Doctorate 
in Philosophy was conferred on him for work done at Frederick and 
Woodstock College, Maryland, during the subsequent years. 
He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University 
of Pennsylvania in 1895, and spent the next three years in Europe, 
the first in France, at the Salpetriere and the Pasteur Institute, a 
semester in Vienna, and two semesters in the University of Berlin, 
where with his brother, Dr. Joseph Walsh, he had a place in Vir- 
chow's laboratory. 
On the return of Dr. Walsh to the United States in the fall of 
1898 he became assistant editor of the Medical News. He had been 
foreign correspondent for several medical journals in America during 
his years of study in Europe, and reported the International Medi- 
cal Congress at Moscow for the New York Medical Record. He se- 
cured a number of clinical articles for the International Clinics, some 
of which attracted wide attention. His career as a writer in medicine 
was thus begun. 
His work as a teacher began as an assistant in the clinic of Pro- 
fessor Katzenbach in 1899, at the New York Polyclinic. He became 
an instructor in medicine the following year, and Adjunct Professor 
in 1904. This position he resigned to become the Acting Dean and Pro- 
fessor of Neurology at the recently founded Medical School of Ford- 
ham University, in 1907. The rapid growth of the Medical School, 
its attendance practically doubling every year for the next six years, 
gave evidence of the appreciation of the work that was being done 
in the organization of the new school. He devoted his attention more 
and more to the two special departments of the History of Medicine 
and the influence of the mind on the body. He established the first 
regular lectures on the History of Medicine for medical students 
given in this country, and organized a special course in Physiological 
Psychology, to enable the medical students to understand and make 
use of mental influences to as great an extent as possible in the prac- 
tice of medicine. He became Professor of Physiological Psychology at 
the Cathedral College, New York City, in 1907, and has continued 
that work ever since, furnishing an introduction for young ecclesias- 
tics to modern analytical psychology. 
During his deanship at Fordham, an Extension Course in Neurol- 
ogy and Psychiatry was organized for one of the summer sessions. 
This brought together a group of distinguished modern investigators 
in Neurology and Psychiatry whom American neurologists found of 
great interest. Professor Head and Professor Holmes of London, 
Jung from Zurich, Knauer, Kraeplin's assistant from Munich, Achu- 
carro, assistant to Ramon y Cajal of Madrid, brought the prestige 
of their various schools with them and attracted to the lectures more 134 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
than a hundred American specialists from various parts of the coun- 
try. Owing to lack of sympathy with the work of maintaining 
medical school standards on the part of the University faculty, Dr. 
Walsh's resignation as Dean of the Medical School occurred just after 
this. 
In the meantime Dr. Walsh had been for years the medical and 
scientific editor of the Independent (New York), a contributing edi- 
tor to the Journal of the American Medical Association, and to the 
New York Medical Journal, and for some years medical editor of the 
New York Herald. Shortly after his return from Europe, he became 
a collaborating editor of the International Clinics, and in many ways 
deeply influenced medical thought in the country. His duties as an 
editor brought him for many years to regular attendance at the meet-, 
ings of the various medical societies, state and national, until he 
became a familiar figure. 
Dr. Walsh established the Fordham University Press and proceeded 
to publish a series of works on the history of medicine and related 
subjects. The first volume, "Makers of Modern Medicine," went into 
its third edition, breaking the records in such matters. The second 
volume of the series was "The Popes and Science," containing the 
documentary evidence that the Popes by their encouragement of anat- 
omy, of astronomy and of hospitals and dissection as well as observa- 
tory work, had been the constant patrons of science. The Papal 
physicians are the most distinguished list of men connected by any 
band in the history of medicine. Of this book, Pagel, Professor of 
History at the University of Berlin, declared that it was "the most 
serious contribution to the history of medicine that has ever come 
out of America." This was followed by "Old Time Makers of Med- 
icine," the story of the medical sciences during the Middle Ages. 
The description of the wonderful advances made in surgery, of the 
practical use of anaesthetics and the anticipation of antisepsis, made 
this, in the words of the London Lancet, "a fascinating volume." 
Then came the volumes on "Education, How Old the New," and 
"Modern Progress and History," in which Dr. Walsh showed how 
many features of modern life supposed to be very recent and novel, 
from the gold filling of teeth and bridge work among the Etruscans 
seven centuries before Christ, through Galen's recommendation of 
fresh air and good food, especially milk and eggs, for tuberculosis 
and mediaeval anaesthesia and antisepsis, are very old and not at all 
new. 
A special phase of medicine hitherto neglected in English was 
developed in Dr. Walsh's "Pastoral Medicine" (Longmans) written 
in collaboration with Dr. Austin 0 'Malley. This volume was meant as 
a book of reference with regard to medical matters for clergymen, 
superiors of religious orders, superintendents of hospitals and asylums 
and nurses who have to apply medical information to moral questions. 
The book has continued to be called for in recurring reprints for some 
fifteen years, so that it evidently came to fill a longfelt want. It 
has been used as a text-book in many theological seminaries, both BIOGRAPHICAL 
135 
Protestant and Catholic, throughout the country, and has sold ex- 
tensively in all the English speaking countries. 
As a trustee of the Champlain Assembly Summer School, on Lake 
Champlain, which afterwards became the Catholic Summer School of 
America, Dr. Walsh gave a series of lectures on mediaeval history into 
which he had been tempted by the discovery of the marvelous prog- 
ress made in medicine and surgery in the old mediaeval universities. 
These lectures were published by the Catholic Summer School Press, 
of which Dr. Walsh was the founder, in two volumes-"The Thir- 
teenth, Greatest of Centuries," and "The Century of Columbus." 
The first of these, in spite of the challenge of its title, perhaps because 
of it, attracted wide attention and went into edition after edition until 
over 50,000 have been sold. Professor Osler, delivering the Linacre 
lecture at the University of Cambridge, ventured to say that the book 
was not only charming, but that it made out a good justification of its 
thesis. "The Century of Columbus" made it much easier to under- 
stand just how the great Italian navigator came to discover America 
when he did, for he lived at a time when more great men were accom- 
plishing supremely great work than at almost any other time in 
history. 
Other volumes written by Dr. Walsh have been: "Makers of Elec- 
tricity," written in collaboration with Brother Potamian, F.F.C., 
Sc.D., London (Professor of Physics at Manhattan College), and 
"Catholic Churchmen in Science" (3 volumes), a series of sketches of 
the work of a score of Catholic clergymen who during the last seven 
centuries have done work in science that has made their names for- 
ever famous. Among the lives are those of Albertus Magnus and 
Roger Bacon, Guy De Chauliac, the father of modern surgery; Cardi- 
nal Nicholas of Cusa, the first to apply exact methods to medicine; 
Copernicus, who was a physician as well as an astronomer and the 
canon of a cathedral; Linacre, the great English physician who turned 
from medicine to the Church towards the end of his life; Spallanzani, 
a cleric precursor of Pasteur; Abbot Mendel, whose work revolution- 
ized Biology in our own day; and Abbe Brueil and Father Obermaier, 
who have rescued the cave man, our earliest known ancestor, from 
the imputation of being only a step removed from the beasts by 
showing that he was an artist, the inventor of painting in oils and 
manifestly a man to whom the sense of beauty had a deep appeal. 
Shortly before the World War, Dr. Walsh's book on Psychotherapy, 
a text-book of the use of mental influence in healing, was published by 
Appleton, and declared by a well-known English medical authority 
to be "the best medical work written in English since Hilton's 'Rest 
and Pain. ' ' ' Indulging in no rhapsodies over the marvels of mental 
influence, but telling the simple story of how quacks and charlatans 
have used the mind for healing purposes unconsciously, and how a 
great deal of that important chapter in the history of medicine, "The 
Cures That Have Failed," is really the story of psychotherapy down 
the ages, Dr. Walsh has shown how suggestion has its application in 
every form of ailment, not only the functional nervous affections, but 136 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
also organic disease, in modifying symptoms, relieving conditions and 
encouraging the patient. 
Dr. Walsh's attention in recent years has been turned almost en- 
tirely to the treatment of the important social problems of our time. 
With the feeling that the next war, unless social abuses are corrected, 
will occur within the nations instead of between them, he has taken 
up the work of the medical directorship of the Fordham University 
School of Sociology, with the ideas so well expressed in Virchow's 
phrase, that "physicians above all must be the attorneys of the poor." 
His lectures not only at the school itself but for the Forums in New 
England and elsewhere through the country, have emphasized the need 
of applying the principles of the Brotherhood of man and the Father- 
hood of God to the solution of our social evils, if we are to have 
anything like the opportunity for the pursuit of happiness for the 
generality of men a generation from now. Dr. Walsh's contributions 
to medical periodical literature are many and various. Among 
them the most important are the following: 
"Some Notes on the Bacteriology of Mumps," with P. M. Mecray, M.D., N. Y. 
Med. Record, Sept. 26, 1896. 
"Rheumatism and the Prevention of the Heart Complications," Journal A. M. 
A., Dec. 15, 1911. 
"Persistent Slow Pulse," Med. News, Nov. 10, 1910. 
"Rheumatism vs. Muscular and Joint Pains," Amer. Jour. Med. Sciences, 
Aug., 1903. 
"Winged Insects and their Larvae as Parasites of Man," International Clinics, 
Jan., 1902. 
"Insects Pests of Human Beings," Inter. Clinics, vol. 4, Series 11, 1902. 
"Subcortical Cyst and Fibroma due to Trauma Producing Jacksonian Epilepsy 
Cured by Operation"; with Max Schlapp, M.D., Jour, of Nervous and Mental 
Disease," Dec., 1914. 
"Some So-called Rheumatisms," Med. News, Feb. 18, 1915. 
"Pulmonary Tuberculosis as an Infectious Disease, its Early Diagnosis," Med. 
News, April 9, 1904. 
"The Eye and the Hand in the Diagnosis of Heart Disease," Inter. Clinics, 
vol. L, Series 15, 1905. 
"The Popes and the History of Anatomy," Med. Library and Historical Jour- 
nal, Jan., 1914. 
"Graves Disease and Parathyroid Therapy," Amer. Medicine, May 20, 1905. 
"The Irish School of Medicine," Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, Sept., 1906. 
"The Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," Inter. Clinics, 1907. 
"The Supposed Warfare between Medical Science and Theology," Messenger, 
July, 1906. 
"The Wisdom of Our Grandfathers," N. Y. State Journal of Medicine, Feb., 
1917. 
"First Pictures of Surgical Operations Extant," Journal A. M. A., Nov. 
9, 1907. 
"Insanity, Responsibility and Punishment for Crime," Amer. Journal of the 
Medical Sciences, Aug., 1909. 
"St. Luke the Physician," N. Y. Med. Jour., Jan. 22, 1910. 
"Prescriptions Old and New," N. Y. Med. Jour., June 17, 1911. 
' * The Fee Book of an Irish Physician of the Seventeenth Century, " N. Y. 
Med. Jour., Aug. 24, 1912. 
"Women in the Medical World," N. Y. Med. Jour., Dec. 28, 1912. 
"Insomnia as a Dread," International Clinics, vol. 11, Series 26. 
"Constipation and Natural Food," International Clinics, vol. 11, Series 27. 
"The Mayas and Their Monuments," Studies, Dublin, Sept., 1916. BIOGRAPHICAL 
137 
"Functional Tremors; Same Shell Shock, Lessons," International Clinics, vol. 
4, Series 28. 
"What Surgery Owes to Military Surgery; A Great Pioneer in Clinical Sur- 
gery," International Clinics, vol. 3, Series 28. 
Dr. Walsh is a life member of the National Arts Club, the New 
York Historical Society, and the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. He is 
a trustee of the Catholic Summer School of America, of the College 
of New Rochelle, and of St. Joseph's College, Brooklyn. He is di- 
rector of Fordham University School of Sociology, and of the Catholic 
Institute for the Blind. He is a fellow of the A.A.A.S., of the 
A.M.A., and of the New York Academy of Medicine. He is a member 
of the New York State and County Medical Societies, and an hon- 
orary member of the New Orleans Medical Society, the Monroe (Mich.) 
Medical Society, the Cuyahoga (Ohio) Medical Society, and the New 
York Celtic Medical Society. He is a member of the French, Italian 
and German Societies for the History of Medicine, and one of the 
organizers of the first meeting of the section on the History of Medi- 
cine at the last International Congress of Medicine, London, 
1913. 
Dr. Walsh is Neurologist to the Central and Neurological Hospital, 
New York City; Consulting Physician, at Gabriel's Sanatorium, 
Adirondacks; Consulting Neurologist to the United Hospital, Port- 
chester; St. Agnes' Hospital for Crippled Children, White Plains; 
the Champlain Valley Hospital, Plattsburg, N. Y.; and the Mercy 
Hospital, Hempstead, L. I. 
Dr. Walsh was married, Aug. 14, 1915, to Miss Julia Huelat, a 
graduate of Barnard College, and has one child, James Joseph, born 
Sept. 8, 1917. 
QAMUEL GRISWOLD DORR.-A skilled physician long and favor- 
ably known in Buffalo, a leader in the political party with which 
he was connected from the days of Fremont, it was as a citizen that 
Dr. Dorr's true nobility of character shone forth. He was a most 
striking personality, pleasing to an extreme, while his great kindness 
of heart and broad sympathy were known to all. Dr. Dorr was born 
at Dansville, New York, in 1840, and died April 26, 1901, son of 
Dr. Samuel G. Dorr, and Selima (Phelps) Dorr, and a descendant of 
Captain Matthew Dorr, of the Revolution. 
He attended Nunda Academy (New York), and was a student 
at Albion State Academy, in Wisconsin, until graduation, then re- 
turned to South Dansville, New York, where he operated a flour 
mill, purchased from his father. He continued in the milling business 
until 1861, then with patriotic fervor enlisted upon President Lin- 
coln's first call for 75,000 three months' men. He enlisted in the 
One Hundred Sixteenth Regiment, New York Volunteers, and within 
forty hours after enlistment he was stricken with a severe illness 
on the troop train which was bearing the regiment to the front. 
When sufficiently recovered he was sent home and there, under 
appointment of Governor Seymour, was recruiting agent for one-half 138 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
of Livingston county. He continued in that position until the close 
of the war, then returned to private life. 
After the war he went to the newly-discovered Pennsylvania oil 
field, and with Charles Twining engaged in oil refining at Oil Creek, 
then was in the cooperage business at Watertown. Neither business 
was congenial, and finally he decided to consult his personal prefer- 
ences, which were intellectual, and prepare for a profession. He 
chose medicine, and from 1873 until 1875 was a student at the 
Medical Department of the University of Buffalo. In 1875 he was 
awarded his M.D. and at once located in East Buffalo, there attain- 
ing eminence in his profession and becoming equally prominent in 
political life. He was a member of the Erie County Medical and 
New York State Medical societies, and the Buffalo College of Med- 
icine; was connected with the medical staff of several hospitals, was 
highly regarded by his professional brethren, and ministered to a 
large clientele, whose perfect confidence he held. 
A Republican from youth, he became prominent in Buffalo and 
widely known. His unaffected cordiality, earnest sympathy and 
genial, affable manner won him popularity, and he was one of the 
strong men of the party, his influence sought for and his support 
necessary to success. He was a delegate to the Chicago Convention 
which nominated Benjamin Harrison, the successful candidate against 
Grover Cleveland for a second term; was elected supervisor of Buf- 
falo's Fifth Ward in 1889, serving two terms, and in 1899 was ap- 
pointed postmaster of Buffalo, by President McKinley. He admin- 
istered the affairs of the office with an earnestness and a fidelity char- 
acteristic of the man, and made a most satisfactory postmaster. He 
was a pleasing, forceful campaign orator, and his services were always 
in demand. He was a member of Centenary Methodist Episcopal 
Church, which he served as trustee; belonged to the Masonic order; 
and was interested in many charities and benevolences. 
Dr. Dorr married in July, 1864, Rebecca Bradley, of Dansville, 
New York. They were the parents of six sons and daughters. 
T BRADLEY DORR, M.D., a son of Dr. Samuel Griswold and 
•Lj* Rebecca (Bradley) Dorr, was born in Dansville, New York, July 
4, 1865. His youth was spent in Buffalo, where he completed graded 
and high school courses of study, preparatory to entering Johns Hop- 
kins University, whence he was graduated A.B., class of 1888. He 
then pursued medical courses at the University of Maryland, finishing 
with graduation in 1890, receiving his M.D. He located in Buffalo 
shortly afterward, and is one of the leading practitioners in Internal 
Medicine and Therapeutics. He is a member of the usual medical 
societies. He is unmarried and has devoted himself to his profession 
and scientific research. He has not neglected his civic duties and 
his motto has been a "Better world to live in." With that aim in 
view he has taken an interest in politics and was a candidate for 
Congress on two occasions, served the city of Buffalo as councilman, 
and was the chairman of the Erie county organization of the National BIOGRAPHICAL 
139 
Progressive party and their candidate for lieutenant-governor of the 
state. 
Z^ARL FERDINAND HERMANN FISCHER.-Dr. Carl F. H. 
Fischer, graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
New York, Columbia University, fellow of the American College of 
Surgeons, a prolific and able writer on medical subjects, and a rising 
New York City surgeon with many hospital appointments, and an 
important consulting practice, was born at Clausthal, in the Hartz 
Mountains, Germany, April 24, 1871, a son of William and Marie 
(Germelmann) Fischer, the former a successful German physician. 
Dr. Fischer received his general education in the Gymnasium in 
Clausthal, Germany, and in a similar institution at Hildeshein, Ger- 
many. After he had been in the United States for some time, he 
decided to study for admission to the profession his father prac- 
ticed, and consequently became an undergraduate of the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York (Columbia University). He 
was a painstaking and able student, with an inclination to deep 
study, and he advanced rapidly in knowledge of the science. While 
following the lectures during the three-year course, he also observed 
much practical work in the clinics and hospitals of the city, and 
undertook some original research. He graduated in 1896, and in 
due course received the Columbia University diploma conferring upon 
him the institution's degree of Doctor of Medicine. Thereafter, for 
a time, he attached himself as interne to the German Hospital, New 
York City, and continued his studies, subsequently going abroad, and 
applying himself observantly and closely to post-graduate work in 
Berlin and Leipsig. 
In 1899, Dr. Fischer returned to New York City, and, having re- 
ceived the state license, entered into practice in New York, and has 
been very successful. Of late years his practice has been mainly a 
consulting one, and his standing as a surgeon is indicated by his 
appointments to various leading institutions of the city and state. He 
has been consulting surgeon to Rockaway Beach Hospital, and to 
the United Hospital, Portchester, New York, for many years, and 
he has been identified with the German Hospital, New York City, prac- 
tically throughout his association with New York medicine, his present 
staff connection with the hospital being that of Adjunct Surgeon. 
Dr. Fischer has also associated himself with the faculty of the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, which is the medical department 
of Columbia University; at present he is instructor of Clinical Surgery 
there. 
As before stated, Dr. Fischer is a fellow of the American College 
of Surgeons. He also holds membership in the following medical 
societies: the American Medical Association, the Medical Society of 
the State of New York, the New York Academy of Medicine, the 
County Medical Association, the German Medical Society of New 
York, the Manhattan Medical Society, the Clinical Society of the 
German Hospital and Dispensary, New York, the Yorkville Medical 140 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Society, and the Alumni Society of the German Hospital, New York. 
Socially, he belongs to the Bohemian Club. 
Dr. Fischer has contributed many important works to medical lit- 
erature. Many of his writings have been published in medical jour- 
nals for the benefit of the profession, and they emphasize the inde- 
fatigable nature of Dr. Fischer's research, as well as the extent of 
his knowledge of surgery. He is the author of: " Two Cases of Rare 
Congenital Malformations"; "Beitrag Zur Kasuistik Der Thromebose 
und Embolie Der Mesenterialgefaesse "; "Fibroma of the Stomach, 
Complicated by Post-Operative Tetany"; "Diagnosis and Differential 
Diagnosis of Appendicitis"; "Thrombosis and Embolism of the 
Mesenteric Vessels"; "Congenital Diverticula of the Bladder"; 
"Transthoracic Cardiotomy, a New Method for the Cure of Impassi- 
ble Benign Stricture of the Esophagus"; "Continuous Intrathoracic 
Operations in the Human Subject, with Descriptions of the Appa- 
ratus"; "Method of Dealing with the Sac in Large Inguinal Her- 
nias"; "Diverticula of the Esophagus"; "Injuries of the Pancreas." 
Dr. Fischer married, January 12, 1901, in New York City, Cornelia 
Norstrom. Children: Nils Gustaf, born April 11, 1902; Walter Eric, 
born June 24, 1903. 
AV ARD BRYANT HOAG.-In the professional life of Dr. Ward 
' v B. Hoag, of New York City, he has gained a creditable position 
and won gratifying success, for he is well equipped for the practice 
of medicine and his efforts have been discerningly directed and they 
have gained him precedence among the followers of the calling. 
Dr. Hoag was born in Dutchess county, New York, July 3, 1859, 
son of Charles W. and Laura (Bryant) Hoag, the former having 
devoted the active years of his life to agricultural pursuits. The com- 
mon schools in the neighborhood of his home afforded Ward B. Hoag 
the opportunity of acquiring a practical rudimentary education, and 
having decided upon the profession of medicine as his life work, he 
pursued a course of study along that line in Bellevue Hospital Col- 
lege, from which institution he was graduated with the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine in 1892. He at once engaged in active practice, 
with an office in New York City, and in due course of time had a 
large and lucrative patronage, the result of knowledge well applied, 
of skill in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, especially those of 
children, which he chose as his specialty, and by his kindly interest 
and consideration for all his patients, he being their friend as well 
as physician. In addition to his private practice, he is attending 
pediatric physician in the Polyclinic, and attending physician in 
Wilkes Dispensary for Children. He keeps in constant touch with 
the progress which is constantly being made in the profession of med- 
icine by membership in the American Medical Association, Academy of 
Medicine, Alumni Society of Bellevue, State Medical Society, 
County Medical Society, West End Medical Society and Polyclinic 
Clinical Society. Dr. Hoag is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
church. BIOGRAPHICAL 
141 
Dr. JHoag married, in New York City, in 1895, L. Lilian Sills, 
daughter of John S. and Caroline (Jaynes) Sills, and they are the 
parents of three children: Helen Bernice, born, 1896; Carolyn, 1897; 
Lilian, 1902. 
T OSEPH HENRY BYRNE, M.D., general practitioner of medicine, 
was born at Charlestown, Massachusetts, March 21, 1864, a son of 
William P. and Mary (Corr) Byrne. Dr. Byrne comes of an old 
Irish family, the annals of which are closely intertwined with Irish 
national history. William P. Byrne, father of Dr. Byrne, was a 
man of rare intellectual attainment, and was an Irish patriot who 
devoted the greater part of his life to assiduous labor in behalf of his 
fellow countrymen, both in this country and in Ireland, and for a 
period of twenty-five years he was treasurer of the Irish Emigrants' 
Society, and was held in high esteem by the Irish people in this 
country. 
Joseph H. Byrne received a liberal classical education in the public 
schools of his native city, and St. Louis and St. Francis Xavier's 
colleges, New York City, and M.D. St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, 
Maryland. He entered upon the study of medicine at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, New York, from which institution he grad- 
uated May 12, 1885, with the degree of M.D. He was interne of St. 
Vincent's Hospital, New York, 1885 to 1887. Immediately thereafter 
he engaged in the private practice of his profession in New York 
City, in which he has been successfully engaged to the present time. 
Dr. Byrne is at present visiting physician to the St. Elizabeth's Hos- 
pital, and is also Medical Examiner of the Department of Finance, 
New York City. Dr. Byrne is a member of the following fraternal 
and medical societies: The Academy of Medicine, New York State 
Medical Association, American Medical Association, New York County 
Medical Association, Society of the Alumni of St. Vincent's Hospital, 
American Congress on Internal Medicine, Fellow of American College 
of Physicians, and in fraternal affiliations is a member of the Knights 
of Columbus, of which order he is a grand knight and district deputy. 
Dr. Byrne is a devout Catholic. 
On November 20, 1889, in New York City, Dr. Byrne was married 
to Mary C. Bacon, a daughter of Jeremiah and Margaret Bacon. They 
have five children: Marie, born August 28, 1890; William E., born 
September 17, 1892; Joseph J., born May 6, 1894; Margaret M., born 
May 29, 1898, and Louise M., born April 29, 1900. 
JEORGE HOPE RYDER, M.D., was born in 1872, at Plainfield, 
New Jersey, the son of Charles Edwin and Kathleen (Culver) 
Ryder. He attended Leal's Private School at Plainfield, New Jersey, 
and later entered Yale University, from which he received the degree 
of Bachelor of Arts in 1894. A year later he entered the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and in 1899 was given 
the degree of M.D., upon the completion of his course at this institu- 
tion. In July of the same year he became a surgical interne at St. 142 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Vincent's Hospital, New York City, and remained as such until De- 
cember 31, 1900. From January 1, 1901, to December 31, 1902, he 
served as interne at the New York Foundling Hospital; from January 
1, 1902, to December 31, 1902, as gynecological interne at the Roose- 
velt Hospital; and from May, 1904, to June 30, 1907, as resident 
obstetrician at the Sloane Hospital for Women (at that time called 
The Sloane Maternity Hospital), New York City. He was an in- 
structor in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at the Vanderbilt 
Clinic in Gynecology from July 1, 1907, to January 1, 1917. He has 
been consultant physician to the New York Infant Asylum, Out- 
Patient's Department, since July, 1905, and assistant obstetrician at 
the Sloane Hospital for Women since May 1, 1915. Dr. Ryder has 
had published: ' ' Some Observations on Thirty-seven Cases of Eclamp- 
sia" (Jnl. of Obst., 1906); "Temperatures Occurring During the 
Puerperium" (Jnl. of Surg., Gyn. and Obst., Jan., 1907); "Cardiac 
Diseases as a Complication of Pregnancy" (Jnl. of Obst., etc., Vol. 
LIX, No. 1, 1909) ; "Some Observations on Primary Uterine Inertia" 
(Jnl. of Obst., etc., Vol. LXVI, No. 3, 1912) ; and "Some Observations 
on Nitrous Oxide Gas as an Analgesic in Labor, with Report of One 
Hundred Thirty-five Cases" (Jnl. of Obst., etc., Vol. LXXV, No. 6, 
1917). He is a member of the American Medical Association, the 
Academy of Medicine, County Medical Society, the Alumni societies 
of St. Vincent's Hospital, Roosevelt Hospital, New York Foundling 
Hospital, Sloane Hospital for Women, also a member of the Obstetric 
Society and the Quiz Medical Society. He belongs to the Elihu Club, 
Yale Club, University Club, Riding Club, New York Athletic Club, 
and the West Side Tennis Club, New York City. He is a member of 
Grace Episcopal Church, Plainfield, New Jersey. 
AVILLIAM HADLEY SLACER.-The career of Dr. William Had- 
' ' ley Slacer began at a period of life when most boys are still 
in preparatory school, giving thought to little beyond their boyish 
pleasures and their school duties. At the age of eighteen he was 
married and holding a responsible position, not beginning medical 
study until some years later, and then supporting his family by filling 
the position of night manager for the Western Union Telegraph Com- 
pany in Buffalo, while studying medicine. Equally remarkable is his 
continuance in professional duty, being now seventy-four years of 
age and in active daily practice, a splendid example of the well-pre- 
served, devoted physician and surgeon, loved and honored by all who 
have the pleasure of knowing him. He has practiced his profession 
continuously in Buffalo, since receiving his M.D. in 1873, a period of 
forty-five years, but even that does not cover his entire medical expe- 
rience, for he served the General Hospital for twenty-two months 
prior to receiving his degree, that being a part of his professional edu- 
cation. The present generation know Dr. Slacer as the eminent physi- 
cian and surgeon, which he is, but a former generation knew him as 
the youthful expert telegraph operator, train dispatcher and Western 
Union manager, the latter position, one he filled for nine years. All BIOGRAPHICAL 
143 
this was accomplished prior to his entering the medical profession 
with which he has been identified for nearly half a century. 
His parents, John and Anna (Barber) Slacer, were residents of 
Oakville, a banking town of Halton county, Ontario, Canada, beau- 
tifully situated upon Lake Ontario, at the outlet of Sixteen Mile Creek. 
There William Hadley Slacer was born December 5, 1844, and there 
he attended the grade and high schools. Deciding to prepare for 
the teaching profession, he entered the Cruikshank School at Smith- 
ville. Mr. Cruikshank was a man of superior learning and to have 
the benefit of his teaching the lad walked the intervening four miles 
twice daily, attending each session of the school year. He attended 
the Cruikshank School one year, then all his plans for the future 
were changed in a twinkling and he left school to go to Guelph, a 
city of Ontario, the capital of Wellington county, an inland port 
of entry, the seat of Ontario Agricultural College, and entered by 
two railroads, the Canadian Pacific and the Grand Trunk. There 
he became general utility boy in a book store, and there he picked 
up telegraphy, becoming fairly expert. Operators were not so com- 
mon in those days and the fact that the lad was an operator became 
known to parties in railroad employ, and when, one day, a call 
came from Oakville for an emergency operator to relieve the regular 
man, he was sent to answer the call. This gave him his entry into 
railroad employ, and it was not long before he was assigned to the 
important station, Brantford, on the Grand Trunk Railroad, as ticket 
agent. He became an expert at the key, and soon he was called to 
a higher post in Buffalo, New York, there becoming dispatcher for 
the Lake Huron Railroad. From that position he went to the Erie 
Railroad in the train dispatcher's office, there remaining two years. 
His next position was with the Western Union as night manager of 
their Buffalo Central office, he being then but eighteen years of age. 
He held that position nine years, and was rated one of the best men 
in that branch of the company's business. 
Although married and securely established in a good position, 
Mr. Slacer determined to study medicine, and very quietly began 
reading, studying, and later attending lectures in the medical de- 
partment of the University of Buffalo, but fulfilling all the require- 
ments of his position. He also entered a chemistry class taught by 
Professor Hadley, completing prescribed courses in two such classes. 
Finally he matriculated at the University of Buffalo (medical de- 
partment), and in 1873, was graduated with the degree of M.D. 
He began practice at Black Rock near Buffalo, and there built up 
a very large practice to which he ministered devotedly for five years. 
In 1888, he moved to the central part of the city, and for thirty 
years has occupied No. 202 Niagara Street, as his office and home. 
His success at Black Rock was repeated in the city, and he has won 
high rank as a physician and surgeon. For many years Dr. Slacer 
was chief physician to the Sisters of Charity Hospital, succeeding 
Dr. John Cronyn; for six years attending physician and surgeon to 
Erie County Hospital and Erie County Insane Asylum; for twenty- 144 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
five years surgeon to the Michigan Central Railroad, in fact was 
the principal surgeon in Buffalo's North End for many years. He 
is still in splendid physical vigor, while the years have but added to 
his intellectual strength and mental power. He is a member of the 
various medical societies of the city, belongs to the Masonic and 
Odd Fellows Orders; his Masonic lodge being the Ancient Land- 
mark of Buffalo. 
Dr. Slacer, shortly after reaching his eighteenth year, married 
Mary A. Nesen, who died in 1902, daughter of Joseph and Anna 
Nesen. Children: William Slacer, Doctor of Dental Surgery, a 
graduate of the dental department, University of Buffalo; Marie 
Ada, married John C. Trainor; Florence, married Robert Moncur; 
Orlando, a resident of Jackson, Michigan. 
AVILLIAM FRANCIS CAMPBELL.-No man holds a more re- 
' ' spected name among his brethren of the medical profession 
in Brooklyn than does William F. Campbell, M.D., a place he has 
won for himself by sterling qualities of heart and mind. He is a 
native of Brooklyn, born November 7, 1865, the son of Alexander 
and Catharine Amelia (Bennett) Campbell, of Irish ancestry. 
He was brought up in Brooklyn and went to the public schools of 
the place, later deciding to give his life to the practice of the healing 
art and going over to New York University to carry on the studies 
which were to prepare him for those of his profession. Here he 
received his baccalaureate degree in arts in 1887. He then went 
to the Long Island College Hospital to study medicine, and received 
the degree of Doctor of Medicine from this institution in 1892. 
Since that time he has been practicing in Brooklyn, building up for 
himself an enviable reputation for the skill, wisdom and conscien- 
tiousness of his work. He has made surgery his specialty and holds 
a number of responsible positions of a surgical character. After his 
graduation he served as interne at the Methodist Episcopal Hospital 
in Brooklyn, later becoming Professor of Anatomy and assistant sur- 
geon at the Long Island College Hospital. He has held the position 
of Adjunct Surgeon at the Polhemus Memorial Clinic, and is also 
the surgeon at the Williamsburgh Hospital. Besides being the Pro- 
fessor of Surgery at the Long Island College Hospital since 1914, 
Dr. Campbell has also been the attending surgeon. He is surgeon- 
in-chief at Trinity Hospital, which was erected by him in memory of 
his mother, consulting surgeon at the Methodist Episcopal Hospital, 
the Coney Island, the Swedish and the Jamaica hospitals. He is a 
major in the Medical Corps, and is surgeon of the Second Brigade 
of the National Guard of New York. He was the president of the 
Alexander Campbell Milk Company. Dr. Campbell is the author 
of a number of works on Surgery, his specialty, one the "Text-Book 
of Surgical Anatomy" (1908), and another written in conjunction 
with Dr. Legrand Kerr is the "Surgical Diseases of Childhood" 
(1912). Another work of Dr. Campbell is "Principles and Practice 
of Surgery." He is a fellow of the American College of Surgery, BIOGRAPHICAL 
145 
and is a member of the American Medical Association, the American 
Association of Anatomists, the American Academy of Medicine, the 
Medical Society of the State of New York, having held the office 
of president in 1912-13, and is a member and an ex-president of 
the Medical Society of the County of Kings. He is a Congregational- 
ist in his religious preferences, and is a Republican. He is also a 
member of the Masonic Order. He belongs to the Hamilton Club, 
and is a member and a director of the Apollo. He holds membership 
in the University Club, the Civic Club, the Crescent Club, and in 
the Riding and Driving Club. He is unmarried. At the present 
time (1918) Dr. Campbell is in France, a major in the Red Cross. 
JOHN FRANCIS WALLACE MEAGHER, M.D., was born in 
Brooklyn, March 22, 1880, son of Thomas and Katherine (Foley) 
Meagher. Both his grandfather and his father were educated at 
Maynooth College, his father coming to this country from Ireland in 
1860 and locating in Brooklyn, where he was in business for many 
years. 
Dr. Meagher received his early education from the public and high 
schools of Brooklyn, going from thence to the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons of Columbia University, from which he received in due 
course the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1901. He served as in- 
terne for a year and a half in St. Mary's Hospital in Brooklyn and 
also worked for two years in the hospitals for the insane of the 
State. This experience was followed by a two years' service with 
the Holland-American Line as surgeon, making during this period 
sixteen round trips to Europe. In 1906 he entered upon general 
practice, choosing Brooklyn as his residence. After two years his 
special interest in mental and nervous disorders led him to concen- 
trate his attention in that direction. He is the neurologist at St. 
Mary's Hospital, the Holy Family Hospital and in the out-patient 
department of the Brooklyn Hospital; is the assistant neurologist of 
the Kings County Hospital, and the Greenpoint Hospital; and clin- 
ical assistant in the third division of the New York Neurological 
Hospital. He was formerly a member of the First Cavalry, New 
York National Guard, and surgeon of the Second Battalion, and is a 
member of the Medical Reserve Corps, United States Army, with the 
rank of captain. Upon the organization of the Hospital Unit of the 
Kings County Hospital, officially designated as United States Base 
Hospital No. 37, for overseas service, Dr. Meagher was appointed as 
its Neurologist. At the present time (1918) he is at Camp Efford, 
Plymouth, England, commissioned as major, being with Base Hos- 
pital No. 37. 
Dr. Meagher has travelled extensively, not only in the United 
States, but also in Europe, South America and the West Indies. 
He has many interests outside his professional enthusiasms, espe- 
cially along the line of current history. For this last he has made 
a very valuable and extensive collection of newspaper clippings 
grouped by subjects and covering the past quarter of a century. 146 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
He is a member of the Medical Society of the County of Kings, the 
Medical Society of the State of New York, the American Medical 
Association, the New York Neurological Society, the Brooklyn Neuro- 
logical Society and its secretary, the Brooklyn Pathological Society, 
the Brooklyn Medical Society, the Associated Physicians of Long 
Island, the Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, St. Mary's Medical 
Club, the Alumni Association of St. Mary's Hospital, Squadron C. 
Cavalry Club, the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, the 
National Geographic Society. He is a member of St. Gregory's 
Roman Catholic Church. 
T GUIS MICHAEL DUSSELDORF.-Among the front ranks of 
the general practitioners in Brooklyn, and much sought after 
in obstetrical cases, Dr. Dusseldorf had an enviable reputation in 
his community when an unfortunate automobile accident in 1916 
made necessary the amputation of his right hand. This was a 
tragedy not only for himself but for the many thousands who were 
accustomed to confide their lives to his skillful hand. He was obliged 
to give up obstetrical work, of which he had served in five thousand 
cases. It is related that on two occasions he had six cases within 
twenty-four hours. 
Dr. Dusseldorf was born October 10, 1866, in New York City, the 
son of Otto L. Dusseldorf, M. D., who was a native of Hamburg, 
Germany, and of Margaret (Gallagher) Dusseldorf, who had come 
to this country from Ireland where she had been born at London- 
derry. The young boy had wise and careful training from the start, 
the thoroughness of the preparation aiding materially his native 
aptitude for the profession of his choice. He graduated at St. 
Peter's School, New York, and then took up his medical studies 
under his father as preceptor. He then went to work at the Long 
Island College Hospital, being a member of the class of 1888. Since 
1895 he has held the position of United States Pension Examining 
Surgeon; he is also the examining physician for the Ladies' Cath- 
olic Benevolent Association and for the Life Insurance Company; 
and surgeon to the American Machine and Foundry Company for 
over fifteen years. He is a member of the Medical Society of the 
County of Kings, the New York Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, 
Associated Physicians of Long Island, Brooklyn Pathological Society, 
the Columbus Club, the Knights of Columbus, and of the Benevolent 
Legion. 
Dr. Dusseldorf married in Brooklyn, New York, April 23, 1890, 
Madeline Rippel, and their children are: Louis A., Florence Edna, 
Dorothy Merion, and Harold James. 
0 PAUL HUMPSTONE, M.D., of Brooklyn, was born in Phila- 
'^'delphia, August 11, 1874, and is a son of the Rev. John Hump- 
stone, D.D., pastor emeritus of Emmanuel Baptist Church of Brook- 
lyn, and of Mary (Paul) Humpstone. He received his early educa- 
tion at Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn, going from there to pursue his BIOGRAPHICAL 
147 
professional studies at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
Columbia University. From this institution he was graduated in 
1899, receiving at the time his degree of Doctor of Medicine. He 
then served an interneship of two years at the Methodist Episcopal 
Hospital of Brooklyn, supplementing this experience with six months 
further work at the Sloane Maternity Hospital in New York. He 
then entered upon the practice of his profession in Brooklyn, engag- 
ing in work of a general character, and acting as assistant in hos- 
pital work under Dr. Glentworth R. Butler. Ever since the begin- 
ning of his career he has devoted especial attention to obstetrical 
and gynecological work, and for the last three years has devoted 
himself exclusively to this line of work. 
Ever since the time of his service as interne at the Methodist Epis- 
copal Hospital, the connection of Dr. Humpstone with that institu- 
tion has been continuous, and he is now the attending obstetrician. 
He has been chief of the department of obstetrics in the Jewish 
Hospital since its founding in 1906, and is consulting obstetrician at 
the Rockaway Beach Hospital, the Good Samaritan Hospital, and at 
the Kingston Avenue Hospital. He wrote the chapter on Diabetes 
in Dr. Glentworth R. Butler's work, "Diagnostics of Internal Med- 
icine," and the chapter on Obstetric Surgery in Dr. Russell S. 
Fowler's work, "The Operating Room and the Patient." He is also 
the author of a number of papers which he has presented before 
professional bodies, and which have been afterward published in 
the medical journals and in pamphlet form. His article on "The 
Use of Pituitrin in Obstetrics" was one of the earliest recognitions 
in this country of this now universally used treatment. He is prob- 
ably best known in the profession in connection with the develop- 
ment of the Cesarian operation in America. 
Dr. Humpstone is a member of the Medical Society of the County 
of Kings, of the Medical Society of the State of New York, of the 
American Medical Association, of the Brooklyn Gynecological So- 
ciety, of the Brooklyn Pathological Society, of the New York Ob- 
stetrical Society, of the Associated Physicians of Long Island, of 
the Alumni Association of the Methodist Episcopal Hospital, and 
of the Sloane Maternity Hospital, of the Physicians' Mutual Aid 
Association, and is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. 
He is a member of the Montauk Club, and is a communicant in the 
Baptist Church. 
Dr. Humpstone married February 12, 1902, Jessie M. Chalmers, 
daughter of Harvey Chalmers, a prominent manufacturer of Amster- 
dam, New York, and they have two children, John Harvey and 
Nancy Elizabeth. 
"BERNARD BARTOW, of Buffalo, New York, was born in Flint, 
Michigan, December 1, 1849, the son of John Bartow, an attor- 
ney of that city, a descendant of the Westchester county (New 
York) family of that name, and Katherine (Bemis) Bartow, a grand- 
daughter of Gamaliel and Margaret St. John, pioneer settlers in Buf- 148 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
falo when, as a village, it was burned by the British during the War 
of 1812. 
In early childhood he was brought to Buffalo by his parents, 
where he has since resided, a period of sixty-six years. His prelim- 
inary education was obtained in the local high and preparatory 
schools, and by special tutoring. He received the degree of Doctor 
of Medicine from the Medical Department of the University of 
Buffalo in February, 1874. From March, 1874, to June, 1876, he 
was interne in the Buffalo General Hospital, and on completing that 
service began the practise of medicine and surgery in Buffalo. After 
ten years spent in "general practice" he specialized in Orthopedic 
Surgery, being at that time (1886) the first surgeon in the western 
part of New York State to adopt and practice Orthopedy as a 
specialty. He was appointed Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Sur- 
gery in the University of Buffalo in 1890, occupying that position 
until 1915, when he was retired "emeritus." 
Dr. Bartow was an active participant in organizing the Children's 
Hospital of Buffalo, and after it was established was appointed or- 
thopedic surgeon to that institution, in which capacity he has served 
until the present time (1918). He was appointed consulting 
orthopedic surgeon to the Buffalo General Hospital in 1900, 
and consulting orthopedic surgeon to the New City Hospital in 
1917. 
His contributions, through medical journals, to the current litera- 
ture of orthopedic surgery have been numerous during the thirty 
years he has practised his specialty. The extensive, and frequently 
radical, changes and innovations in procedure and technic marking 
the development of that branch of surgery during the period men- 
tioned, afforded him an opportunity to participate in them in a prac- 
tical manner. His membership in professional organizations is as 
follows: American Orthopedic Association, American Medical Asso- 
ciation, New York State Medical Society, Buffalo Academy of Med- 
icine, and Buffalo Medical Club. 
Dr. Bartow married, June 26, 1879, Fanny F. Howes, daughter 
of Osborn and Abbie K. (Crowell) Howes, of Boston, Massachusetts. 
A'"' HARLES GRAEF, M.D., eminent specialist in diseases of the eye, 
ear and throat, New York City, former Adjunct Professor on 
throat, New York Post-Graduate and Medical School, and Professor 
of Ophthalmology, Fordham University Medical College since its 
foundation, Ophthalmologist and Otologist to Post-Graduate, Neuro- 
logical, Blackwell's Island, Fordham, and Lincoln Hospitals, occu- 
pies a representative place of prominence in his chosen field of 
practice. 
Charles Graef was born at Clifford, Ontario, Canada, February 
28, 1872, a son of Frederick William and Maria Graef, the former a 
merchant by occupation. He received his education in the public 
and high schools and the Normal College of Toronto, and received 
his medical degree from Toronto University in 1896. He has been BIOGRAPHICAL 
149 
successively engaged in the practice of his profession since gradua- 
tion, at Toronto, Canada, 1896-1898, Vancouver, British Columbia, 
1898-1900, and New York 1903 to the present time. Dr. Graef spent 
1901-03 in post-graduate study abroad (eye, ear, throat), one year in 
London and the rest of the time in Paris, Berlin and Vienna. In 
addition to conducting a successful practice as a specialist in diseases 
of the eye, ear and throat, Dr. Graef served as Adjunct Professor 
of the throat at New York Post-Graduate, 1903-10, Ophthalmologist 
and Otologist, Fordham University Medical College, the former since 
foundation. He is the author of numerous special articles on the 
Eye, Ear and Throat that have appeared in various medical period- 
icals from time to time and others that have been read before various 
medical bodies. He is the inventor of the Corneal Trephine, also of 
a Tonsil Snare and other instruments of lesser importance. He is 
a member of the A. M. A., New York County Medical Society, New 
York State Medical Society, New York Academy of Medicine, Fellow 
American Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology Society and past 
president of the Bronx Medical Society and the New York Athletic 
and Knollwood Country Clubs. 
July 14, 1904, Dr. Graef was married to Irma, a daughter of Dr. 
Henry Ruhl, of New York City. Mrs. Graef died in 1915. They had 
one daughter, Dorothy Irma Graef. 
'lA/'ILLIAM SIMMONS.-Considered by his colleagues as a val- 
' ' uable member of their fraternity, Dr. Simmons occupies a 
high place not only in the community but among the members of 
his own profession. He was born April 21, 1860, in Ancram, Colum- 
bia county, New York, the son of John Adam and Louise (Van Vliet) 
Simmons, who were natives of that place. His early studies were 
pursued at the Chatham Academy, Chatham, New York, from whence 
he went to Rocky Dell Institute, Lime Rock, Connecticut. As his 
school days were coming to an end he decided to take up the study 
and practice of medicine for his life work. He went therefore to 
Sing Sing and worked under the preceptorship of Samuel A. Mellen, 
during the year 1888. This accomplished he was enrolled at Long 
Island College Hospital, from which institution he received his de- 
gree of Doctor of Medicine in 1891. He has made an exclusive spe- 
cialty of diseases of the eye. Between 1891 and 1893 was the house 
surgeon of the Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital, and held the posi- 
tion of assistant surgeon and surgeon at the same hospital from the 
latter year up to the present time. He is the instructor in the Dis- 
eases of the Eye in the medical department of the Union Missionary 
Training Institute. Since 1896 he has been the visiting ophthalmolo- 
gist at the Kings County Hospital, of Brooklyn, and has held a 
similar position in the Jewish Hospital ever since it was opened 
about 1906. He is a surgeon at the Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital. 
He is outside of his professional interests a member of the Hamilton 
Club. He is a member and a vestryman in St. Ann's Episcopal 
Church. 150 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Dr. Simmons married at Litchfield, Connecticut, November 14, 
1893, Ettie Eugenia Pratt. 
lAHLLIAM ALOYSIUS GILLEN, JR., M.D., of Brooklyn, was 
' * born in Jersey City, New Jersey, November 19, 1882, and was 
a son of William Aloysius Gillen and Emilia E. (Rouget) Gillen. He 
was educated in Catholic private and parochial schools and the pub- 
lic schools of Jersey City. For seven years he attended St. Peter's 
College, Jersey City; his senior year he attended St. Francis Xavier's 
College, New York City, and was graduated in 1902 with the degree 
of Bachelor of Arts. He then entered the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of Columbia University, from which he was graduated 
in 1906 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. After serving an 
interneship of six months in St. Francis' Hospital, Jersey City, and 
of two years and a half in St. Mary's Hospital, Brooklyn, he engaged 
in practice in Brooklyn, where he has since remained. His experi- 
ence in hospitals happened to be largely surgical, a fact which added 
to a natural bent in that direction has turned his practice almost 
entirely into that field. 
He was the assistant attending surgeon at St. Mary's Hospital, 
Brooklyn, and in 1916 he delivered a course of lectures on biology in 
St. John's College, Brooklyn. Dr. Gillen was a member of the Med- 
ical Society of the County of Kings, of the Medical Society of the 
State of New York, of the American Medical Association, of the 
Associated Physicians of Long Island, and of the Alumni Associa- 
tion of St. Mary's Hospital. He was a member of St. Gregory's 
Catholic Church. Dr. Gillen died of typhoid fever July 28, 1918. 
JOHN EDWARD JENNINGS, M.D., of Brooklyn, was born in 
South Rutherford, New Jersey, August 6, 1875, and is a son of 
William N. and Susan (Williams) Jennings. He was prepared at 
the Rutgers Preparatory School for Rutgers College, from whence 
he went after graduation to the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
of Columbia University. He received his degree of Doctor of Med- 
icine from this institution in 1899. After serving an interneship of 
eighteen months in the Brooklyn Hospital, he entered upon the prac- 
tice of his profession in Brooklyn, where he has since continued. 
For a number of years his work has been confined to general surgery, 
and he has become recognized as one of the leading surgeons of the 
city. From 1902 to 1906 he was associated as assistant to the late 
Dr. George R. Fowler, and from 1906 to 1911, to Dr. Walter C. Wood, 
at the Brooklyn Hospital. Since that time he has been attending 
surgeon at the Brooklyn Hospital, and since the opening of the 
Greenpoint Hospital he has been its Surgeon-in-Chief. He was in- 
structor in Surgery in the Long Island College Hospital for six years 
and is now Clinical Professor of Surgery. 
Dr. Jennings is the author of a number of papers read before scien- 
tific bodies, and afterwards published in the professional journals 
or in pamphlet form. Among these may be mentioned: ' ' Operation BIOGRAPHICAL 
151 
for Ingrowing Toenails"; "Bacterial Vaccine in Surgery"; "A Con- 
tribution to the Surgery of Blood Transfusion"; "The Diagnosis of 
Cancer of the Breast"; "The Origin and Course of Chronic Peri- 
typhlitis. ' ' 
Dr. Jennings is a member of the Medical Society of the County of 
Kings, of the Medical Society of the State of New York, of the 
American Medical Association, of the Brooklyn Surgical Society, of 
which he was president from 1916-1917, of the Brooklyn Pathological 
Society, of the Brooklyn Medical Society, and of the Associated 
Physicians of Long Island. Outside of his professional interests 
Dr. Jennings is a member of the Brooklyn Union Club, and of the 
Hamilton Club. He is a member of St. Bartholomew's Episcopal 
Church and a major in the M. 0. R. C. He married, September 22, 
1903, Florence Thistle of Brooklyn, and they have two children, 
Susan Thistle, and John Edward, Jr. 
AA/'ILLIAM WARREN POTTER.-A constant influence for good, 
' ' Dr. William W. Potter, of Buffalo, New York, now gone to 
join the vast majority, was signally honored throughout his long and 
active career both by members of the profession and by civilians of 
high rank. In July, 1888, he became editor of the "Buffalo Medical 
Journal," and later was the owner, and in that way greatly widened 
his sphere of usefulness. But perhaps his greatest service rendered 
the profession was in his untiring effort to secure the establishment 
of the New York State Medical Examining Board. During those 
days of factional opposition he spent much time at Albany, lending 
his aid in favor of the bill, and finally saw the fruition of his hopes 
in the passage of the bill and its approval by the Governor, the law 
going into effect September 1, 1891. He came rightly by his pro- 
fessional skill and devotion, being a son, grandson and great-grand- 
son of eminent physicians and having many collateral relations in 
the profession. 
William Warren Potter was born at Strykersville, New York, De- 
cember 31, 1838, son of Dr. Lindorf and Mary Green (Blanchard) 
Potter. His academic education was received at the Arcade Semi- 
nary, New York, and at Genesee Seminary and College, Lima, New 
York. He then entered the medical department of the University of 
Buffalo, from which he received his M.D. in 1859. Upon the com- 
pletion of his medical studies he formed a partnership with his 
uncle, Dr. Milton E. Potter, of Cowlesville, New York, and began 
the practice of medicine. 
At the beginning of the Civil War, Dr. Potter offered his services 
to the government. He passed the examination of the Army Board 
at Albany a few days after Fort Sumter was taken, and in the sum- 
mer of 1861 was commissioned assistant surgeon of the Forty-ninth 
Regiment, New York Volunteers; he served in the Army of the 
Potomac under McClellan during the Peninsula and Antietam cam- 
paigns, and under Burnside in the Fredericksburg disaster was left 
in charge of wounded soldiers while the army was retreating to 152 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Harrison's Landing; was captured by Confederates, June 30, 1862, 
and had an interesting interview with Stonewall Jackson. He was 
confined in Libby Prison, but was soon exchanged and returned to 
his regiment. In December, 1862, he was promoted to the rank 
of surgeon, and served with the Fifty-seventh Regiment, New York 
Volunteers, during the Chancellorsville and Gettysburg campaigns. 
Soon after the battle of Gettysburg, he was assigned to the charge of 
the First Division Hospital, Second Army Corps, and continued on 
that duty until mustered out of service with his regiment at the 
close of the war. He was brevetted by the President of the United 
States for faithful and meritorious service as lieutenant-colonel of 
United States Volunteers, and by the Governor of New York State 
as lieutenant-colonel of New York Volunteers. 
Returning to civil life, Dr. Potter practiced his profession at 
Mount Morris, and Batavia, New York, for a time, but soon returned 
to Buffalo, limiting his practice to diseases of women. He was a 
member of the American Medical Association in 1890, was elected 
chairman of the section of Diseases of Women. In 1891 he was 
elected president of the Medical Society of the State of New York. 
In 1893 he was president of the Medical Society of the County of 
Erie, and during the same year he organized the Section of Gynecol- 
ogy and Abdominal Surgery of the Pan-American Medical Congress. 
For the last fourteen years he was president of the Board of Medical 
Examiners of the State of New York, and discharged the exacting 
duties of this office with ability and the most conscientious care. 
Dr. Potter was a liberal contributor to medical literature upon 
practical subjects, specializing in gynecology and obstetrics during 
the years he was engaged in hospital and private practice. During 
the eventful years back in the eighties when gynecology was passing 
through a period of active development into its present high posi- 
tion of finished achievement, he made numerous valuable contribu- 
tions to this department of surgery. Perhaps the most far-reach- 
ing and potential of his public professional services were rendered 
through his labors as permanent secretary of the American Asso- 
ciation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. He was one of the found- 
ers of this national organization, and has been its secretary and 
editor of the "Transactions" throughout the twenty-two years of its 
existence. He possessed rare skill for the difficult work of such an 
office. Accurate and methodical, with a capacity for details most 
unusual, he was recognized as facile princeps in discharging the 
duties of this office. He was quick to recognize true worth and 
brought many men into prominence by affording the opportunity to 
develop ability and skill who otherwise might have remained in 
obscurity. The literature of Gynecology and abdominal surgery has 
been enriched, and the practice of this special department of surgery 
has been materially advanced by this organization of which he was 
from the beginning the moving spirit. 
Dr. Potter was a member of the American Medical Association 
(chairman of the Section of the Diseases of Women, 1890); Medical BIOGRAPHICAL 
153 
Society, State of New York (president, 1891) ; Medical Society, 
County of Erie (president, 1893) ; Buffalo Medical and Surgical 
Association (president, 1886); Buffalo Obstetrical Society, 1884-86; 
president, section of Gynecology and Abdominal Surgery, First 
Pan-American Medical Congress, 1893; president of the National 
Confederation of Medical Examining and Licensing Boards, 1895-99; 
secretary of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecolo- 
gists since 1888; examiner in obstetrics and gynaecology, New York 
State Board of Medical Examiners, and president from 1897 until 
his death. Among hospital appointments held was that of consult- 
ing surgeon to the Buffalo General Hospital. Dr. Potter was a 
companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United 
States; a member of Bidwell-Wilkinson Post, Grand Army of the 
Republic; and of the Army and Navy Club, New York. In bearing, 
manners and dress, he was the typical refined and courtly gentleman, 
honorable in all his professional relations, and to those who enjoyed 
his confidence a true and loyal friend. He occupied a prominent 
and responsible place in the profession through a long period of 
years, and discharged his trust with honor and good faith. 
Dr. Potter married, March 23, 1859, Emily A. Bostwick, of Lan- 
caster, New York, who died November 28, 1906. They were the 
parents of a son, Dr. Frank Hamilton Potter, who died in 1891; 
his wife's name was Edith Sellstedt, daughter of the artist, Lars 
Sellstedt; Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Potter had two sons, Lars S. and 
Frank H., the former First Lieutenant in the Ambulance Corps now 
in France; their son Frank H. lives in Buffalo. The two daughters 
of Dr. W. W. Potter are: Helen P., married Buiel G. Tailman; and 
Alice F. Potter, both of Buffalo. 
HARLES GEORGE O'CONNOR, M.D., was born in Brooklyn, 
January 26, 1875, and is a son of Martin and Bridget (Wynne) 
O'Connor. His education was received from St. James' parochial 
school, and from Manhattan College, graduating from the latter in 
1895 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then entered the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, re- 
ceiving his degree as Doctor of Medicine four years after in 1899. 
For eighteen months he served as interne in St. Mary's Hospital, 
Brooklyn, at the end of which period of apprenticeship he entered 
upon the practice of his profession in Brooklyn. His work is in 
the lines of a general practice, though he gives especial attention to 
internal medicine. 
Dr. O'Connor was the adjunct physician to St. Mary's Maternity 
Hospital, now the Holy Name Hospital, for six years and has been 
assistant attending physician to St. Mary's Hospital since 1911. He 
is a member of the Medical Society of the County of Kings, of the 
Medical Society of the State of New York, of the Associated Physi- 
cians of Long Island, of the Brooklyn Pathological Society, of the 
Society of Internal Medicine, and of the Alumni Association of St. 
Mary's Hospital. Outside of his professional associations he belongs 154 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
to the Crescent Athletic Club, and the Cavalry Club, and was for- 
merly a member of Troop C of the National Guard of the State of 
New York. Dr. O'Connor is at present (1918) in the Medical Re- 
serve Corps, United States Army, with the rank of captain. He 
and his family are members of St. Gregory's Catholic Church. 
Dr. O'Connor married in 1913, Josephine Hinchliffe, of Paterson, 
New Jersey, and they have three children: Josephine; Eleanor; and 
Charles. 
VIT'ILLIAM PFEIFFER, M.D., was born in Philadelphia, July 6, 
' * 1874, and is a son of George and Elizabeth (Leupold) Pfeiffer. 
His early education was obtained at the public schools of Philadel- 
phia, and a little later at those of Brooklyn, to which city his parents 
removed when he was ten years old. After graduating from the 
Brooklyn Boys' High School, he entered the medical department of 
Cornell University. From this medical school he received the de- 
gree of Doctor of Medicine in 1903. He then served an interneship 
of sixteen months in the German Hospital and one of four months 
in the Kingston Avenue Hospital, both of them in Brooklyn. He 
then chose Brooklyn as the city in which to carry out his life work, 
electing to start out with a general practice, although in later years 
he has specialized in a large measure along the lines of gynaecology 
and obstetrics. 
Dr. Pfeiffer served as health inspector until 1910 for the Board of 
Health, and since 1913 he has been the Instructor in Obstetrics in 
the Long Island College Hospital. He also holds the position of 
Obstetrician at the Bushwick Hospital and that of Assistant Gyne- 
cologist at the Kings County Hospital, and the Holy Family Hos- 
pital. He is a member of the Medical Society of the County of 
Kings, of the Medical Society of the State of New York, of the 
American Medical Association, of the Brooklyn Gynecological So- 
ciety, of the Brooklyn Pathological Society, of the New York Obstet- 
rical Society, and of the Brooklyn Medical Society. He belongs to 
the Lake George Club, and is a member of the Tompkins Avenue 
Congregational Church. 
Dr. Pfeiffer married, June 4, 1907, May Smith of Brooklyn, and 
they have two children, Helen and Ruth. 
TAANIEL JOSEPH PHELAN.-In the medical fraternity of New 
York City, Dr. Daniel Joseph Phelan has acquired an enviable 
reputation as an earnest and proficient practitioner and a careful 
observer of the laws and ethics of his profession. He was born May 
4, 1863, son of Daniel and Catherine (Cullen) Phelan, the former 
named, a teacher and writer of repute. 
Dr. Daniel J. Phelan obtained his education under the competent 
instruction of his father, and choosing the profession of medicine 
for his life work he matriculated in the Bellevue Medical College, 
from which he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine 
in 1895. He pursued post-graduate courses in the New York Uni- BIOGRAPHICAL 
155 
versity Medical College, 1897, and in the New York Polyclinic Med- 
ical School, 1900-03-05, and in addition to his private practice, in 
which he has met with the most gratifying success, he has been serv- 
ing as assistant physician to the St. Elizabeth Hospital since 1910. 
He keeps in touch with the advanced thought and progress along 
his chosen line of work by membership in the American Medical 
Association, Academy of Medicine, New York State Medical Society, 
New York County Medical Society, and the National Society for 
the Prevention of Tuberculosis. Dr. Phelan is a Roman Catholic in 
religion, adhering to the faith of his forefathers, his great-grand- 
father, a Church of England minister, and his father having been 
received into the Catholic church the same day. 
Dr. Phelan married, in New York City, June 15, 1898, Josephine 
F. Newlin, a daughter of John Newlin, of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
vania, and Catherine (Devine) Newlin, of New York City. No chil- 
dren. 
T OHN T. GRANT COYLE was born in Boston, Massachusetts, De- 
J cember 1, 1868, the third son of Michael Coyle, a native of Mas- 
sachusetts, and Bridget (Kennealley) Coyle. He was educated in 
the public schools and prepared for college at the Boston Latin 
School, whence he graduated, with honor, winning a Franklin medal, 
in 1887. After a year of pre-medical study he entered New York 
University, Medical Department, in 1888, and graduated with hon- 
ors in 1891. He entered the practice of his profession at once. For 
three years he was lecturer on hygiene and medical subjects for the 
Board of Education, and was actively connected with the New York 
County Medical Association, since merged with the County Medical 
Society. Dr. Coyle is a member of the Society of Medical Jurispru- 
dence, and for eighteen years was the chief physician to St. Rose 
Free Home for Incurable Cancer. He has published two papers, one 
on "Pseudo-Membranous Enteritis" and the other on "Painless 
Labor." In historical matters and in Catholic apologetics Dr. Coyle 
has been keenly interested for many years and has written largely 
and lectured frequently upon topics in connection with such studies. 
In 1896 Dr. Coyle married Catherine Agnes Lennon, daughter of 
Edward and Agnes Lennon, and has one child, Ada. 
"DRYANT BURWELL, M.D.-In the town of Bussie, Herkimer 
county, New York, Dr. Bryant Burwell was born August 26, 
1796. He was educated in the common schools of that period, then 
began his more active and studious career of self-education. With 
the aid of the text books he passed through the ordinary eighth aca- 
demical course, and with access to the village library he made himself 
acquainted with general history, literature and the English classics. 
In 1814, when eighteen years of age, he entered the office of the 
eminent professor Willoughby, in the village of Newport, Dr. Jacob 
L. Sherwood then a partner with Dr. Willoughby. After attending 
to courses of lectures at the Fairfield Medical College, given by 156 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Doctors Willoughby, Hadley, Beck and Delamater, he married Anna 
Clark, of Newport, and commenced the practice of his profession in 
the town of Norway. In 1824 he came to Buffalo, here first prac- 
ticing in company with Dr. Cyrenius Chapin. In 1826 and 1827 he 
spent the winter in Philadelphia, where he enjoyed the advantages 
of the medical schools and association with the eminent medical men 
of that city. Dr. Burwell loved his profession, was devoted to it, 
and his relations with his brethren of the profession were truly cor- 
dial and happy, the younger ones looking up to him with confidence 
as a true friend who would promote their welfare. In the year 1838 
he was deprived by death of his wife, who, after much patient suffer- 
ing, passed from this life, leaving the survivor a sincere mourner and 
the protector of three children, one son and two daughters, of whom 
Dr. George N. Burwell was the eldest. In 1845 Dr. Burwell married 
the widow of Joseph Clary. She lived to attest to all the dignity of 
his character and the depths of his affection. Dr. Burwell, while at 
Washington, had violent lumbago, and for many months felt the 
effects upon his vigorous frame, so that after his return home he 
restricted his practice. In the autumn of 1856, while jn the house 
of a patient, he was taken with a feeling of fullness in his head. 
Medical aid was summoned, and through the following year he expe- 
rienced repeated attacks, and he was moved to the country, there 
passing away September 8, 1861, in his sixty-sixth year. 
At a special meeting of the Erie County Medical Society, a special 
committee was appointed to prepare resolutions of respect, this com- 
mittee consisting of Doctors Josiah Trowbridge, Moses Bristol, A. S. 
Sprague, Gorham F. Pratt, Josiah Barnes, and Charles Winne. The 
committee reported: 
Whereas, Death has deprived our Society of our esteemed friend and colleague. 
Dr. Bryant Burwell; therefore be it 
Resolved, That in his demise, this Society has lost one of the brightest orna- 
ments and one of its most useful members in the community. In all his relations 
of professional and public life he was a model for imitation, alike distinguished 
for his urbanity of deportment, his untiring industry, his devotion to his profession 
and his liberality to the poor. 
JEORGE N. BURWELL, M.D.-Born in 1819, Dr. George N. 
Burwell died at the residence of his sister, Mrs. William H. 
Glenny, in Buffalo, New York, May 15, 1891. For nearly half a 
century Dr. Burwell had been identified with the medical profession 
of Buffalo, and had come to be known as one of its strongest and 
most able men. At the time of his death he was almost the only 
remaining one of that coterie which has been familiarly spoken of 
as the old regime. Certainly he was one of the best-known physicians 
in Western New York, and he was particularly endeared to many of 
the old families in Buffalo. It has been stated that there was scarcely 
a house within the old city limits but Dr. Burwell has not entered 
in a professional capacity, either as attending or consulting physi- 
cian. There was scarcely a family he had not ministered to some BIOGRAPHICAL 
157 
member of, and his name became endeared to the community by all 
the attachments which surround the sacred name of family physician. 
To those who are familiar with Buffalo during the latter part of the 
"forties" and early "fifties" will be recalled the very active part 
Dr. Burwell took in establishing medical societies on a firm basis for 
good work. The proceedings at Buffalo Medical Association during 
that period presents evidences of his regular, conscientious and active 
attendance upon the meetings, and the part he bore in the discussions 
was creditable alike to himself personally as well as to the profession 
which he loved and served so well. His name will always remain a 
pleasant memory to the medical profession of Buffalo, and it can in 
truth be said of him in the words of the immortal bard, that "Take 
him all in all we shall not look upon his like again. ' ' He was buried 
from St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Buffalo. He lived a pure, simple 
life; he died an ideal death. 
ALBERT HENRY BRIGGS, a native son of Erie county, New 
2 * York, a resident of Buffalo since 1867, and an active medical 
practitioner from graduation in 1871, is still in practice. Dr. Briggs 
has been connected with professional and public matters for half a 
century. He is one of the men who through professional ability 
reached eminence, and now at a comfortable old age can review the 
past with satisfaction. 
Albert Henry Briggs was born in Lancaster, Erie county, New 
York, September 9, 1842, and there obtained his primary and inter- 
mediate education. His studies were continued in the Union School 
of Batavia, East Aurora Academy, and Genesee Wesleyan Seminary 
at Lima, New York, completing classical study at the last named 
institution. Deciding upon the profession of medicine as his life 
work, he entered the Medical Department of the University of Buf- 
falo, in 1867, and at the close of a four years' course was graduated 
M.D., February 20, 1871. 
Immediately after graduation he opened an office in Buffalo and 
began practice, passing through all the discouraging experiences of 
the young physician. But he persevered and in time had the satis- 
faction of knowing that he had won his place in professional life 
and had acquired a loyal clientele, who in time of sickness turned 
instinctively to him. Time strengthened the bond and at all times 
during his active career his services were in demand. In 1881 he 
opened offices at the corner of West and Hudson streets; was coro- 
ner's physician about three years, city physician for the Second Dis- 
trict for three years, city health physician in 1880-81, and in 1886-87. 
He was called upon to organize the Buffalo Department of Vital 
Statistics, and after the organization was appointed its first registrar. 
He was appointed Assistant-Surgeon of the Sixty-fifth Regiment, 
New York National Guard, with the rank of First Lieutenant in 
October, 1879, Surgeon with the rank of Captain, in June, 1881, 
and on April 23, 1883, was commissioned Major. In 1880 he was 
appointed Grand Medical Examiner for New York State for the 158 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
American Order of United Workmen, and is a member of the Amer- 
ican Medical Association, American Public Health Association, New 
York State Medical Association, the Association of Military Surgeons 
of the United States, Erie County Medical Society, Buffalo Academy 
of Medicine and Buffalo Medical Union. His clubs are the Arcacia 
of Buffalo, and the United Service of New York City. He is a mem- 
ber of the Masonic order, belonging to Washington Lodge, Free 
and Accepted Masons. So in honor and usefulness a half century 
of life in Buffalo was passed. 
Dr. Briggs married, June 7, 1863, Sarah America Baker, daughter 
of Dr. Thaddeus Baker, of Andover, Allegany county, New York. 
Their children: Arthur C., and Mabel, who married Clayton J. 
Standart. 
T UCIEN HOWE-Dr. Lucien Howe was born in Standish, Maine, 
September 18, 1848, son of Marshall S. and Anna (Cleland) 
Howe. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1870. As he had been 
occupied, especially during vacations, with the usual requirements 
in anatomy, chemistry, etc., it was possible for him to complete the 
course then required in medicine and graduate from the Long Island 
College Hospital in 1871. Later the degree of Doctor of Medicine 
was given him also by the Bellevue Hospital Medical College (New 
York University). He then went to Europe, and in 1873 qualified 
as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England. The re- 
mainder of the time on the Continent was devoted to ophthalmology 
and otology, and when Dr. Howe returned to the United States he 
located in Buffalo to practice those specialties. In 1876 he estab- 
lished the Buffalo Eye and Ear Infirmary, of which he has since 
remained the surgeon-in-charge. It has recorded thus far about 
one hundred thousand new patients. His clinical duties there were 
supplemented by others as ophthalmologist to the Buffalo General 
Hospital, and as consulting ophthalmologist to the German Hospital. 
For over thirty years he was Professor of Ophthalmology in the Uni- 
versity of Buffalo. 
His literary work consisted of two volumes on the "Muscles of 
the Eye" and over a hundred monographs and articles in ophthal- 
mological and other journals, representing largely the result of 
clinical and laboratory work. Incidentally also he published a 
volume in 1916 on "Universal Military Education," which showed 
especially the physical advantages of military training. 
He was the first to photograph the fundus oculi, and through his 
efforts the first law was passed for the prevention of ophthalmia 
neonatorum. He has twice been awarded the Merritt H. Cash prize 
of the Medical Society of the State of New York for original work, 
and at the Centennial anniversary of that Society he founded an- 
other permanent prize for investigation, especially in ophthalmology. 
In 1908 he received the degree of Doctor of Science from Bowdoin 
College. In 1909 at the International Ophthalmological Congress in 
Naples, he received a medal from the Italian Department of Educa- BIOGRAPHICAL 
159 
tion for an article on "The Lifting Power of the Adductors and 
Abductors." 
He has been president of the local medical societies, vice-president 
of the Medical Society of the State of New York, chairman of the 
Section on Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association, is 
now president of the American Ophthalmological Society, is a mem- 
ber of the Royal College of Surgeons, Fellow of the Royal Society 
of Medicine, member of the Ophthalmologische Gessellschaft, of the 
Societe Frangaise d'Opthalmologie, etc. 
On August 16, 1893, Dr. Howe married Elizabeth M. Howe of 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
(^HARLES GLEASON STOCKTON, M.D., of Buffalo, descended 
from Richard Witham Stockton, of Princeton, N. J., was born 
at Madison, Ohio, August 27, 1853, son of Dr. Charles Lewis and 
Sarah (Shaver) Stockton. 
His school life began at Painesville, Ohio; later he studied under 
private tutors in the State of Virginia, and prepared for college at 
Westfield Academy, New York. He then entered the Medical De- 
partment of the University of Buffalo, from which he graduated in 
1878 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and later received the 
same degree from the Niagara University. For ten years after grad- 
uation he was engaged in general practice in Buffalo, then became 
Professor of Medicine in the University of Buffalo and so continued 
for many years. Prior to this time, from 1883 to 1887, he was Pro- 
fessor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics at Niagara University. 
He also served as house physician of the Buffalo General Hospital, 
also attending physician from 1888 to 1918. He was consulting 
physician at the Erie County Hospital, the Ernest Wende Hospital, 
Sisters Hospital, and the New York State Hospital for Crippled 
Children at Tarrytown, New York, for many years. He is the author 
of "Diseases of the Stomach," and has contributed to "Osler's 
Modern Medicine," "Wilson's American Text-Book of Applied 
Therapeutics," "Loomis and Thompson's American System of Prac- 
tical Medicine," "Gould's Cyclopedia of Medicine and Surgery," 
"Personal Hygiene" (Pyle), "Nothnegle's Encyclopedia of Prac- 
tical Medicine" (American edition), "International Clinics," "Prac- 
tical Medicine," etc. He was surgeon of the Seventy-fourth Regi- 
ment, New York National Guard, with rank of major; past presi- 
dent of the Medical Society, State of New York, Buffalo Academy 
of Medicine and other societies, and member of the Association of 
American Physicians, American Medical Association, Washington 
Academy of Sciences; Saturn, University and Park clubs, and the 
Thursday Club, of Buffalo. He also holds membership in Trinity 
Episcopal Church, Buffalo. He was one of the physicians of the 
late President McKinley and also of the late Mrs. Jefferson Davis. 
Dr. Stockton married, November 23, 1875, Mary L. Taylor, of 
Westfield, New York, daughter of D. H. Taylor, and grand-daughter 
of the Hon. Thomas B. Campbell. 160 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
PREDERIC EWALD SONDERN, M. D. (College of Physicians 
1 and Surgeons of New York, 1889), was born in the City of 
Stuttgart, Germany, March 30, 1867. He is the son of Caspar Fried- 
rich and Auguste Sophie (Bever) Sondern, who were natives of 
Barmen, Germany, the ancestral family home, and in the annals of 
which place their lineage is traced back through many generations. 
While still in his infancy, Dr. Sondern's parents left Germany for 
America and settled in New York, and thus the boyhood of Dr. Son- 
dern was passed in New York City, where he attended the public 
schools, receiving his diploma in 1883. He then went to Europe, 
where for a period of two years he pursued his education under 
the tutelage of private teachers. Upon the expiration of his two 
years' course, he returned to New York City, where he entered the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York and after a course 
of study in that College was graduated with the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine in 1889. Thereafter for two years he was connected with 
the German Hospital of New York as a member of the house staff. 
In 1891 Dr. Sondern began the private practice of his profession, 
associated with D. A. Jacobi, and established an office at No. 36 
West Thirty-third Street, New York City, where he remained about 
two years, in 1893 removing to No. 36 West Thirty-eighth Street, 
where he remained for two years, at No. 200 West Fifty-sixth Street, 
where he remained for twenty-one years, and at No. 20 West Fifty- 
fifth Street since 1916. 
Dr. Sondern has held various important appointments from med- 
ical institutions of the City, among which may be mentioned those 
of clinical assistant in the Vanderbilt Clinic for a period running 
from 1893 to 1898; clinical pathologist at Roosevelt Hospital for two 
years; for many years Professor of Clinical Pathology at the New 
York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, and the president 
of that Institution since March, 1917; director of the clinical labora- 
tory of the Lying-In Hospital since its establishment. Since early in 
his career, Dr. Sondern has given exclusive attention to clinical lab- 
oratory work, and in connection therewith has published various pa- 
pers, which are regarded as authoritative, on the results of his investi- 
gations. Dr. Sondern is a member of the following medical associa- 
tions: New York Academy of Medicine, the New York Pathological 
Society and the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriolo- 
gists. He belongs to the following clubs: New York Yacht, New York 
Athletic, the Seawanhaka-Corinthian Yacht, and the Army and Navy 
of Washington. 
On April 30, 1895, Frederic Ewald Sondern married Elsa M. Ott- 
mann at the Brick Presbyterian Church, in the City of New York. 
A RTHUR STEIN, M. D., of New York City, was born June 7, 1877, 
in Frankfort, Germany, the son of Henry William and Sophie 
Stein. His father was a merchant of that place. Dr. Stein was edu- 
cated at the High School of Frankfort, and afterwards went to the 
Universities of Heidelberg, Munich, Berlin, and Strassburg, from BIOGRAPHICAL 
161 
which latter he was graduated in 1901, with the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine. He has made a specialty of gynecology and obstetrics, 
and ,is the adjunct visiting gynecologist at the Harlem and the 
Lenox Hill (formerly German) Hospitals of New York City. 
He is a member of the New York Pathological Society, of the 
German Gynecological Society (Berlin), and of the Harlem Medical 
Society. He is also a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, of 
the American Medical Association and of the New York Academy of 
Medicine. On the social side he is a member of the Century Country 
Club. He married, in New York City, in 1911, Alice Mayer, daughter 
of Max and Ida Mayer, and they have one child, Edward Henry 
Stein, born February 13, 1915. 
Dr. Stein has made a large number of contributions to the litera- 
ture of his specialty, of which the subjoined is a list: 
PUBLICATIONS OF DR. ARTHUR STEIN 
1908 "The Operative Tendencies in Modern Obstetrics"-N. Y. Med. Jrnl. 
1908 ' ' Who Originated the Method of Rapid Paraffin Imbedding ' '-N. Y. 
Med. Jrnl. 
1909 "Hyperemic Treatment in Gynecology and Obstetrics"-Jrnl. of A. M. A. 
1909 "The Value of Cystoscopy in Gynecology"-Medical Record. 
1909 "Placenta Praevia and Vaginal Cesarean Section"-Jrnl. of A. M. A. 
1910 "Functional Disorders of the Bladder in the Female Simulating Cystitis" 
-American Journal of Obstetrics. 
1911 "The Significance of the Wassermann Reaction, etc."-Archives of 
Diag. 
1912 "Two Unusual Cases of Uterine Myomata"-New York Medical Journal. 
1912 "An Abdominal Supporter for Enteroptosis and Movable Kidney"-Inter- 
state Med. Jrnl. 
1912 "Esthiomene and Secondary Elephantiasis Vulvae"-Surgery, Gynecology 
& Obstetrics. 
1913 "Pruritus Vulvae"-The Urologic and Cutaneous Review. 
1913 "Exstirpation of the Kidney for Multiple Fistulae"-American Journal 
of Obstetrics. 
1913 "Unilateral Fused Kidney"-American Journal of Obstetrics. 
1916 "Vaginal and Abdominal Cesarean Section"-American Journal of Sur- 
gery. 
1916 "The X-Ray Treatment of Uterine Myomata"-Medical Record. 
1916 "Primary Carcinoma of the Vulva"-American Journal of Obstetrics. 
1916 "Puerperal Gangrene of the Extremities"-Surgery, Gynecology & Ob- 
stetrics. 
1917 "Tetanus as a Sequel of Gynecological Operations etc."-Interstate Med. 
Journal. 
1917 "Attempted Abortion in the Absence of Uterine Pregnancy"-American 
Journal of Obstetrics. 
1917 "On the Use of Small Doses of Pituitrin for Inducing and Shortening 
Labor at Term"-Medical Record. 
1917 "The Influence of Labor on the Brain Development of the Child"- 
Journal of A. M. A. 
1901 " Spaetausgaenge der Extrauterinschwangerschaft"-Monograph-Strass- 
burg. 
1903 "Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Entstehung des Gebaermutterkrebses "- 
Monatsschr. f. Geb. u. Gynaek. Bd. 17, H 2, 1903. 
1903 "Ueber adenomatoese Wucherungen d. Tubenschleimhaut bei chron. 
Tuberkulose und Gonorrhoe der Tuben"-Monatsschr. f. Geb. u. Gyn. 
Bd. 17. 162 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
1903 "Ueber Schnellhaertung und Schnelleinbettung "-Deutsche Med. Wochen- 
schrift-Nr. 44. 
1904 ' ' Kasuistischer Beitrag zur Lehre von den Fibromyomen der Bauchdecken ' ' 
-Monatsschr. f. Geb. u. Gyn.-Bd. 19. 
1905 "Ueber Facialis-und Hypoglossusparese nach Spontangeburt "-Central- 
blatt f. Gynaekol. No. 11. 
1905 "Kombination von kompleter Uterusruptur mit incompletem Cervixriss" 
-Medizin Klinik-No. 47. 
1905 "Ueber toetliche intraperitoneale Blutungen bei Uterusmyom"-Monats- 
schr. f. Geb. u. Gyn. Bd. 22. 
1909 "Was Leistet die Cystoskopie in der Gynaekologie''-Festschrift d. 
Deutschen Hospitals. 
1909 "Die sanitaeren Verhaeltnisse am Panama-Kanai und in Costa Rica"- 
Deutsche Med. Wocheiischrift No. 52. 
1910 "Ein seltener Fall von Haematometra"-Centralblatt f. Geb. und Gyn. 
-H. 4. 
1912 " Gynaekologischer Brief aus Amerika"-Monatsschr. f. Geb. u. Gynaek.- 
February. 
1912 "Carcinoma uteri mit Metaplasie des Cylinderzellenkarcinomo in Plat- 
tenepithelcarcinom "-Monatsschr. f. Geb. u. Gyn.-Bd. 36. 
1907 "Berichte Ueber die Amerik. Geb. u. Gyn. Literatur" (6) 
1911 Monatsschr. f. Geb. u. Gyn. 
TAR. JOHN HERVEY DEMAREST was born in Old Greenwich 
Village, 9th Ward, New York City, on November 6, 1836, and is 
one of the oldest physicians at present practicing in New York City. 
For more than fifty years he has been in general and substantial 
practice in the Harlem district of the city, and for more than forty 
years was visiting physician to the Metropolitan Hospital, Black- 
well 's Island, of which institution he is still on the staff of physicians. 
Before entering the medical profession Dr. Demarest experienced 
a somewhat varied career in business, and was successively a school 
teacher, a drygoods clerk, and a bank clerk, before he finally decided 
to take up professional life. 
His early years of schooling were passed at the select school on 
McDougal Street, New York City, but when nine years of age, he 
attended Public School No. 3, at Grove Street, New York City, the 
principal of which was at that time Dr. Patterson. Later, John 
Hervey Demarest received tuition at Worcester Street School, George 
Moore, principal, and when only sixteen years of age was appointed 
teacher at Grant Street School No. 8. There he labored as an edu- 
cator for eight months, receiving for said labors the salarium of $8.33 
monthly. Continuing his academic education, he attended the State 
Normal School, eventually graduating, but instead of taking further 
appointment as an educator, he went into the employ of A. & A. 
Lawrence & Co., wholesale dry goods merchants, 43 Broadway, New 
York, remaining with them as a clerk for about two years. He then 
took up a clerkship in the Metropolitan Bank of New York, which 
occupation he held for five years, relinquishing it to enter upon the 
study of medicine at the New York Homoeopathic Medical Col- 
lege, under the preceptorship of Dr. John W. Mitchell, and 
gaining the medical degree of the institution in 1865, immediately 
thereafter opening office for general practice in Harlem, where he BIOGRAPHICAL 
163 
has since remained in constant practice. In addition to his private 
practice, and his duties at the Metropolitan Hospital, Blackwell's 
Island, Dr. Demarest is attending physician to the Jennie Clarkson 
Home, at Valhalla, New York State, and holds staff appointment to 
the White Plains Hospital. 
He is a member of the New York County Medical Society, the 
Medical Society of the State of New York, and the American Institute 
of Homoeopathy. 
On November 6, 1856, Dr. Demarest married Sarah C., daughter of 
Isaac A. and Rebecca Hopper, of New York. They had three children: 
J. Hervey, born 1859, died 1909; Isaac A., bom 1861, died 1876, and 
Mary Emma, who was born on November 13, 1863. She married 
(first) H. P. McGown, Jr., to whom she bore a son, Harry D. McGown, 
and (secondly) H. M. Bell, of New York City, to which marriage 
has come a daughter, Virginia, who was born on May 15, 1901. 
After the demise of his first wife, Sarah C. Hopper, Dr. Demarest 
married Almira J. Deale, of New York City. 
During his association of fifty years with New York medicine and 
medical institutions, Dr. Demarest has gained the esteem and lasting 
friendship of a wide circle of people, professional and otherwise, 
many of the friendships extending back even to his boyhood days. 
His father, James Hervey Demarest, was also well-known in the city 
in his day, in his capacity of agent for the Central Railroad of New 
Jersey. The Demarest family is of French origin, Dr. Demarest's 
great-grandfather, a Huguenot, who escaped from France, where his 
liberty and life were endangered because of his religious beliefs, be- 
ing the first of the Demarest line to reach American shores. His 
grandfather, Peter Demarest, born in New Jersey in 1765, dis- 
tinguished himself, young though he was, during the Revolutionary 
War, in the course of which he was captured by the British and con- 
signed to the prison ship Jersey Blue. 
TAMES LEWIS ARMSTRONG, M.D., of Brooklyn, was born in 
Danbury, Connecticut, April 29, 1862, and is the son of Edward 
and Rachel (Olmstead) Armstrong. In 1864 his parents removed to 
Brooklyn. His father was in the fur business and it was necessary 
for him to travel extensively. At the age of thirteen the boy was 
taken by his father on a trip to Germany, where he went to school, 
and this trip was extended to include England, Ireland, Scotland, 
France, Holland, and finally South Africai, Australia and New 
Zealand, lasted six years, after which he returned by way of Hawaii 
in 1882. The trip to Europe was later repeated several times. His 
stay in Australia was during a Bushranger uprising, and he was in 
South Africa at the time of the first Zulu war. 
Dr. Armstrong's formal education was obtained in the Kornthal 
Institute, in Kornthal near Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Germany. The 
studies for his profession wTere later taken in the medical department 
of the University of the City of New York, from which he was gradu- 
ated in 1897 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. During the 164 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
years 1897 and 1898 he was an assistant in the clinic of Bellevue Hos- 
pital, and was later connected with the Manhattan Hospital of 
Brooklyn. He started in his profession in 1897, choosing Brooklyn as 
his residence, where he has been in active practice ever since. His at- 
tention is given to the general practice of medicine and to surgery. He 
is author of "The Armstrong Chronicles" and "Old Irish Music." 
He is a member of the Caledonian Hospital Society, of the Medical 
Society of the County of Kings, of the Medical Society of the State 
of New York, and outside of his professional affiliations he belongs 
to the General Lawton Council, Junior Order of United American 
Mechanics, and to the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He is a member 
of the Episcopal church and married, in 1891, Elise Hess, of Hoffen- 
heim, Baden, Germany. 
TT'REDERICK PETERSON, M.D., a physician who stands high in 
1 the ranks of his profession in New York City, was born in Fari- 
bault, Minnesota, March 1, 1859, a son of John F. and Hilma (Lind- 
holm) Peterson. 
His elementary education was acquired at private schools and un- 
der special tutors. He then went abroad and studied in the universi- 
ties of Gottingen and Strassburg. Upon his return he matriculated 
at the University of Buffalo, entering the medical school of that insti- 
tution and receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1879. The 
honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy has since been conferred 
upon him by Niagara University. For several years after his gradu- 
ation he was the Professor of Pathology at the University of Buffalo; 
from 1897 to 1903 he was instructor in Neurology at the College of 
Physicians at Columbia University; from 1901 to 1903 he was clinical 
lecturer on Psychiatry; and since 1903 the Clinical Professor of 
Psychiatry. For a number of years (1892-1902) he was the president 
of the board of managers of Craig Colony for Epileptics. From 1900 
to 1905 he was Professor of Insanity at the Woman's Medical College 
of New York Infirmary, and from 1902 to 1906 he was president of 
the New York State Commission in Lunacy. In 1897-99 he served as 
president of the New York Neurological Society. Dr. Peterson has 
contributed frequently to the literature of his subject, and among 
his works are: "Mental Diseases," 1899; "American Text-book of 
Legal Medicine and Toxicology," 1903. He has also published in the 
domain of general literature, "Poems and Swedish Translations," 
1883; "In the Shade of Ygdrasil," 1893; "A Song of the Latter 
Day," 1904; "Chinese Lyrics" (under the pseudonym of Pai Ta- 
shun) Shanghai, 1916. 
Dr. Peterson married, April 3, 1895, at Waco, Texas, Antoinette 
Rotan, and their two children are: Frederika, born February 13, 
1896, wife of Captain Theodore C. Jessup; and Virgilia Brahe, born 
May 16, 1904. 
TAAVID JOHN, M.D., of Yonkers, was born in Shanghai, China, in 
1858. He is a son of the Rev. Griffith John, D.D., who, as a BIOGRAPHICAL 
165 
missionary of the London Missionary Society for over fifty years, 
made a name for constructive and statesmanlike work in China which 
has left a lasting mark on the rising generation of the republic. He 
was located in Shanghai with his wife, Margaret Jane (Griffiths) John, 
but was later transferred to Hankow, China. 
Dr. John received his early education at Blackheath and Bishop's- 
Stortford, England. He then worked for a time at St. Bartholomew's 
Hospital, London. He became a member of the Royal College of Sur- 
geons, and was made a Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons, 
London, in 1882. These foreign diplomas were endorsed by the Long 
Island Hospital in 1886. He gained practical experience by serving 
for three years as assistant surgeon to the chief surgeon at the Hafod 
Copper Works, Swansea, South Wales, coming to this country in 1886, 
and for one year practicing in Brooklyn, New York. During the year 
1886-87 he did post-graduate work at the Post-Graduate Hospital, 
New York City, and established himself at the same time in Yonkers. 
In 1886 Dr. John had come to Brooklyn to join his brother, Griffith 
John, consulting engineer for the Otis Elevator Company. 
Dr. John has been connected with the St. John Riverside Hospital, 
Yonkers, for over thirty years, and is the visiting surgeon at the 
present time. He serves also at the present as examiner on the Third 
Exemption Board, Yonkers. He has given his chief attention to the 
surgical side of medical practice. Dr. John is a member of the West- 
chester County Medical Society, of the Practitioners' Club (Yon- 
kers) of the Medical Society of the State of New York, and of the 
American Medical Association. He belongs to the Masonic Order 
and is an Odd Fellow. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce 
of Yonkers, of the City Club and of the Automobile Club. He is a 
member of the First Presbyterian Church. 
Dr. John married, September 27, 1892, at Brooklyn, New York, 
Mary Elizabeth Wallace, daughter of John Wallace, surgeon in the 
British Navy, and of Deborah (Naish) Wallace. They have two chil- 
dren : Frederick Wallace, born 1893, a graduate of the technical school 
of Cornell University with the degree of Mechanical Engineer in the 
class of 1916; and Alfred David, born in 1901, a student at the 
High School in the class of 1919; enlisted at outbreak of war, entered 
Pelham Naval Camp in November, 1916, transferred to Naval Avia- 
tion Detachment Camp, now at Naval Air Station, Bay Shore, Long 
Island. 
JOHN WINTERS BRANNAN, B.A., M.D., leading general prac- 
titioner of medicine, New York City, of all-around capability, 
equally skillful in the medical and surgical branches of the profession, 
is justly regarded as one of the foremost medical men of the Metrop- 
olis. As president of the board of trustees of Bellevue, Willard Par- 
ker and other allied hospitals, as president of the Climatological Asso- 
ciation (1910-11), of the American Clinical Association (1911-12) 
and of the Practitioners' Society in New York (1911-13), Dr. Bran- 
nan has been signally favored with the most honorable distinctions at 166 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
the hands of his colleagues. But whether as physician, lecturer in 
medical colleges, author, or as important factor in medical institu- 
tions, Dr. Brannan is characterized by superior abilities. His fine 
native talents, disciplined by a long and extensive practice, give him 
an exceptional equipment of learning and skill for the successful 
practice of his profession. 
John W. Brannan was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, February 14, 1853, 
the son of Benjamin Franklin and Mary (Doddridge) Brannan, and 
a brother of Joseph Doddridge Brannan, Professor of Law at Harvard 
Law School since 1898. He received a liberal preparatory education, 
and 1870 entered Harvard University, where he graduated in 1874 
with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then entered upon the study 
of medicine at the Harvard Medical School, at the same time being a 
house pupil at the Massachusetts General Hospital. In 1878 he re- 
ceived the degree of M.D. In 1879 Dr. Brannan went abroad to en- 
gage in post-graduate work at the hospitals and clinics of Vienna, 
Strassburg and Paris. Upon his return to this country he engaged in 
the private practice of his profession for some time in Boston and 
subsequently in Colorado Springs, Colorado. In 1884 he returned 
East and established himself in practice in New York City, in which 
he has since continued. Dr. Brannan is consulting physician to Belle- 
vue Hospital, the Willard Parker, Riverside and Italian hospitals, and 
clinical lecturer on infectious diseases at the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, Columbia University. He is a member of the American 
Medical Association, the New York Academy of Medicine, New York 
Medical and Surgical Society, Medical Society of the State of New 
York, New York County Medical Association, the Association of 
American Physicians, the American Climatological Association, the 
Practitioners' Society of New York, the Harvard Medical Society of 
New York, Harvard Medical Alumni Association, and the Alumni As- 
sociation of Bellevue Hospital. He has also been president of the 
Board of Governors of the Minturn Hospital for Scarlet Fever and 
Diphtheria. 
Dr. Brannan has contributed many important articles that have 
been of interest and value to the medical profession that have ap- 
peared in medical journals, also several important works on medical 
subjects, among them being: "Intermittent Albuminuria," "Amoebic 
Dysentry," "Treatment of Pulmonary Hemorrhage," "Observations 
on Antitoxin in Diphtheria," "Sero Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever," 
"Symptomatology and Treatment of Typhoid Fever" (20th Century 
Practice of Medicine). 
AVilliam KINNICUTT DRAPER, A.B., M.D, physician of New 
' ' York City, Professor of Clinical Medicine at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, was born in New 
York City, February 2, 1863, the son of William Henry and Elizabeth 
Waldo (Kinnicutt) Draper. 
After preliminary instruction in private, intermediate and prepara- 
tory schools, William K. Draper matriculated at Harvard University, BIOGRAPHICAL 
167 
where he pursued the course of arts and letters, graduating with 
the class of 1885 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Returning to 
New York City to enter upon the study of medicine, which profession 
he had decided to follow, he became a student at the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and in 1888 gradu- 
ated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
While still an undergraduate he had participated in practical clini- 
cal work, but to gain a wider experience he became an interne of 
Roosevelt Hospital, New York City, and remained on the house staff 
of that institution until 1890, when he went to Europe, and during the 
years 1890-91 did extensive clinical work in the hospitals of Munich, 
Dresden, Vienna and Berlin, returning to the United States in the 
latter year. He began private practice in 1891 in New York City, 
where he has continued to practice since that date. 
Dr. Draper has filled responsible professional positions at many 
New York hospitals, and at present he is on the visiting staff of 
physicians of Bellevue Hospital, and is consulting physician to the 
New York Orthopedic Dispensary and Hospital, and the Louisa Min- 
turn Hospital for Scarlet Fever and Diphtheria Patients. In 1910 
Dr. Draper was appointed Professor of Clinical Medicine at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University. He be- 
longs to the following medical organizations: American Medical Asso- 
ciation, American Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuber- 
culosis, the Medical Society of the State of New York, the New York 
Academy of Medicine, New York Medical and Surgical Society, the 
New York County Medical Association, and is a member of the Uni- 
versity, the Harvard and Century clubs of New York and the Harvard 
(Boston) Club. Politically he is a Republican. He is a member of 
the Protestant Episcopal church, and is a trustee of the Children's 
Aid Society, New York. 
Dr. Draper married, December 28, 1898, Helen Fidelia Hoffman, 
of New York City. Dr. Draper maintains office and residence at No. 
121 East Thirty-sixth Street, New York City. 
CAMUEL WALDRON LAMBERT, A.B., Ph.B., M.A., M.D., emi- 
nent specialist in Gastro-enterology, has had an enviable career. 
As Dean of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia Uni- 
versity of the City of New York, since 1904, the term of his incum- 
bency covers the most noteworthy period of development in the his- 
tory of that institution, and to that development Dr. Lambert has 
contributed in full measure. 
The Lambert family has had honored connection with the United 
States since early Colonial days, Dr. Lambert being in direct lineal 
descent from Francis Lambert, progenitor of the American branches 
of the family, who joined the Massachusetts colony at Rowley, Massa- 
chusetts, in 1639, previous to which he had lived in Yorkshire, 
England. 
In its primary and elementary stages, the education of Samuel Wal- 
dron Lambert was obtained in New York City; he received instruction 168 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
at Everson's Private School, and was otherwise privately tutored un- 
til capable of matriculating at Yale University. Taking the classical 
course thereat, he graduated with the class of 1880, receiving the de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts, after which achievement he entered upon a 
special course at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale, his application 
to which resulted in his winning in 1882 the degree of Bachelor of 
Philosophy. He then returned to New York City and pursued the 
study of medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New 
York, Columbia University, eventually graduating in 1885 as Doctor 
of Medicine. His collegiate letters were added to in 1905 by the re- 
ceipt of the honorary degree of Master of Arts, conferred upon him 
by his classical alma mater, Yale University. 
Immediately after having qualified for entrance to the medical 
profession Dr. Lambert, by competitive examination, gained a place 
on the house staff of Bellevue Hospital, New York City, at which hos- 
pital he remained as interne for one year, then being appointed house 
physician thereof. The experience was valuable to him, and his 
knowledge of medicine became very materially broadened by a post- 
graduate course he took in European centers of medical learning dur- 
ing the years 1887-88. He was able to observe much clinical work in 
the universities and hospitals of Berlin, Vienna, Munich and Paris 
during the period. Returning to New York City, he immediately en- 
tered into the general practice of his profession and formed many hos- 
pital connections, also assuming many educational duties at medical 
colleges. In 1889 he became clinical assistant at the Vanderbilt 
Clinic, New York City, remaining attached to the clinic in that ca- 
pacity for five years; in 1890 he was appointed attending physician 
to the Nursery and Children's Hospital, New York, continuing as such 
until 1896; he became attending physician to the New York Lying-in 
Hospital in 1892, holding the appointment until 1905, when addi- 
tional responsibilities, and labors in his private practice, and educa- 
tional duties, forced him to relinquish the connection; in 1896 he was 
appointed to similar office on the staff of the New York Hospital, the 
position being maintained by him until 1909; and in 1906 he accepted 
the proffered appointment as attending physician to St. Luke's Hos- 
pital, New York City, which position he still holds. 
As an educator, Dr. Lambert has been prominently identified with 
the medical department of Columbia University for many years; in 
1903 he was appointed Professor of Applied Therapeutics at the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, and since 1904 has 
been dean of the famous medical college, administering the duties of 
that office with marked ability. On subjects of his special study and 
experiment, Dr. Lambert has contributed to medical literature many 
works of noteworthy importance, among which are: "Medical Treat- 
ment of Gastric Ulcer;" "Lenharty Treatment of Gastric Ulcer;" 
"Treatment of Poisoning by Mercuric Chlorid;" and many papers 
on the modern phases of medical education. 
Dr. Lambert belongs to many of the leading organizations devoted 
to the advancement of medical science, being a member of the Ameri- BIOGRAPHICAL 
169 
can Medical Association, the American Gastro-Enterological Associa- 
tion, the American Physicians Association, the New York Academy 
of Medicine, the Medical Society of the State of New York, the New 
York Clinical Society, the Alumni Association of Bellevue Hospital, 
and the Medical and Surgical Society of New York. He was honored 
by appointment as trustee of Roosevelt Hospital, New York City, in 
1904, and was governor of the New York Lying-in Hospital from 
1905. Dr. Lambert belongs to many clubs, including the University, 
Racquet and Tennis, Yale, Grolier, Century, Union, and Riding. He 
is also by virtue of his ancestry a member of the New England So- 
ciety of New York. 
On October 21, 1893, Dr. Lambert married Elizabeth Willets, of 
New York City. They have three children: Helen, born January 8, 
1895; Samuel Waldron, Jr., born September 14, 1897; Martha, born 
July 6, 1899. 
VVINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY, A.B., A.M., M.D., F.A.C.S., lead- 
' ' ing surgeon of New York City, occupies a representative place 
of prominence in his chosen field of practice. The several important 
hiospdtal connections held by him eminently attest his skill as a 
surgeon. 
Winfield Scott Schley was born at Annapolis, Maryland, August 1, 
1873, a son of the late Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, of Spanish- 
American War fame, and Annie R. (Franklin) Schley. Admiral 
Winfield Scott Schley, who was born in Maryland in 1839, was a 
great-grandson of John Thomas Schley, who emigrated from Germany 
to America in 1745. He first saw active naval service on board the 
United States frigate Niagara during the Civil War, later becoming 
an officer on the frigate Potomac, and subsequently serving as lieu- 
tenant on board the Winona, Monongahela and Richmond, under Ad- 
miral Farragut, in the Mississippi river. He later saw much service 
in China, San Salvador, Korea, and other places; was head of the 
department of modern languages at the Naval Academy, Annapolis, 
Maryland, during 1873-76; commanded an arctic expedition that 
rescued Lieutenant A. W. Greely and six companions from death at 
Capa Sabine, in Grinnell Land, and culminated an already brilliant 
career as commander of the Atlantic squadron in the Spanish-Ameri- 
can War at the famous battle of Santiago, on July 3, 1898, when the 
Spanish naval forces under Admiral Cervera were met and defeated 
by the United States naval forces under Admirals Schley and 
Sampson. 
Dr. Wilfield Scott Schley received a liberal classical education in 
the public schools of Boston, Massachusetts, and in private schools 
of Annapolis, Maryland, and Washington, D. C., and graduated from 
St. John's College in 1893 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and 
in June, 1917, the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him 
by the same institution. He entered upon the study of medicine at 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, graduating 
therefrom with the degree of M.D. in 1896. He then took a post- 170 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
graduate course as an interne at St. Luke's Hospital from 1897-1899, 
and was resident surgeon at the same hospital, afterwards engag- 
ing in the private practice of his profession in New York City, where 
he has continued successfully to the present time. Dr. Schley is visit- 
ing surgeon to Trinity Hospital, New York City, associate surgeon 
at St. Luke's Hospital and consulting surgeon to Ossining Hospital, 
Ossining, New York. He is a Fellow of the American College of 
Surgeons; member of the New York Academy of Medicine, of which 
he is also a Fellow; member of the American Medical Association; 
New York Pathological Society; New York Surgical Society; New 
York State and County Medical associations; Medical Society of 
Greater New York; alumni associations of Sloane Maternity and St. 
Luke's hospitals, New York City. Dr. Schley is also a member of 
the Union Club, Aero Club of America, and the Columbia Yacht Club. 
On September 13, 1915, Dr. Schley was married in New York 
City to Grace Marie Van Campen, a daughter of Mrs. Henry Van 
Campen. They have one child, a daughter, born September 25, 1916. 
]^OUIS HAUPT, M.D., general practitioner of medicine, of all- 
around capability, equally distinguished in the medical and sur- 
gical branches, has had a career of distinct professional success and 
of singular usefulness. Of liberal views and wide culture, he has 
been actively identified with the cause of education and with intel- 
lectual and social progress, as well as causes having for their aim 
the furtherance of humanitarian and sociological ideals. The mere 
statement that he is a member of over thirty important organized 
bodies is sufficient to indicate the broad catholicity of his nature and 
the genuine public spirit of the man. 
Dr. Haupt was born in New York City, January 7, 1851, the son 
of Christopher and Frances (Ebler) Haupt, who were both natives of 
Baden, Germany, from which country they had emigrated in 1848, 
settling in New York City in that year. The education of Louis 
Haupt was primarily obtained in the public schools of New York, and 
so that he might be adequately grounded in the knowledge of general 
subjects, he afterwards went to Miama University, Oxford, Ohio, where 
he acquired advanced classical education. After finishing the sopho- 
more year he entered the Medical College of Louisville University, 
Kentucky, subsequently returning to New York City to enter the 
medical department of the New York University, where he graduated 
with the degree of M.D. in 1877. He became house physician and 
surgeon at St. Peter's Hospital, Brooklyn, holding the appointment 
for one year, when he attached himself in like capacity to the St. 
Francis' Hospital, New York City, where he remained for four years, 
thereby gaining a much wider knowledge of his profession than 
would have come to him by a similar period of general private prac- 
tice. He then established himself in private practice in New York, 
and during the many years of his connection with the profession and 
the city, he has gained estimable repute among his confreres and the 
citizens with whom he has come into professional contact. He has BIOGRAPHICAL 
171 
given his time mainly to private practice, but has held some hospital 
appointments, among which has been that of visiting physician at St. 
Joseph's Hospital. He has maintained his official connection with St. 
Francis' Hospital for Aged and Incurables in New York City, for 
thirty-eight years, his connection of recent years having been that of 
visiting physician. As a native of New York City, and a man of 
high intellectual attainments and studious habits, Dr. Haupt has 
naturally been drawn into energetic participation in educational af- 
fairs. He was for several years school trustee, since 1902 has been a 
member of the Board of Education, and for eight years was chair- 
man of the committee on special schools. Dr. Haupt is a literateur 
of wide range, being well-read in classics and in modern English and 
German literature. He takes much interest in the proceedings of 
many medical and allied organizations, being a member of the fol- 
lowing associations: American Medical Association; the Medical So- 
ciety of the State of New York; the New York County Medical Asso- 
ciation; the German Medical Association; the New York Academy of 
Science; the German Polyklinik of New York City, of which society 
he is a member of the board of managers, as well as treasurer; the 
American Museum of Natural History; the Metropolitan Museum of 
Art; the American Geographical Society; the New York Botanical 
Gardens; New York Zoological Garden; the Arion Society, of which 
he has been president; the New York Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Children; the American Red Cross; Forestry Association 
of America; Child Labor and Child Welfare Committee; National As- 
sociation of the Audubon Society; National Association for the Study 
and Prevention of Tuberculosis; New York Social Hygiene Society, 
and the American Federation of Art. 
Dr. Haupt gives his allegiance to the Republican party in politics, 
and exercises an intelligent active interest in national affairs. His 
office is at No. 232 East Nineteenth Street, New York City. He be- 
longs to the following clubs: Republican, Arion, Beethoven Menner- 
chor, and German Press. 
ALBERT SIDNEY MORROW, M.D., graduate in medicine of New 
York University, fellow of the American College of Surgeons, 
visiting surgeon to the Polyclinic, Central and Neurological, and the 
Workhouse hospitals of New York City, and a young New York City 
surgeon who is gaining a creditable standing in the profession, was 
born at Madison, New Jersey, April 2, 1878, son of Prince A. and 
Lucy (Slaughter) Morrow, of New York City. 
The main classical education of Dr. Albert S. Morrow was obtained 
at Columbia University, which he entered in 1895, and from which, 
in 1898, he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then 
turned his attention exclusively to the study of medicine, becoming 
in 1898 a student at the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical 
College, which is the medical department of New York University, 
and in 1901 was successful in gaining his medical degree by graduat- 
ing with the class of that year. Immediately thereafter he secured 172 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
an appointment as interne of Bellevue Hospital, where he remained 
attached to the surgical staff for eighteen months, thereby undergoing 
a post-graduate course invaluable to him in his subsequent practice 
of surgery. 
In 1903, after completing his interneship, Dr. Morrow established 
himself in private practice at No. 66 West Fortieth Street, New York 
City, and in the same year was appointed assistant attending surgeon 
to the Lying-in Hospital of the City of New York, a staff connec- 
tion he held for two years. In 1904 he became attending surgeon to 
the Workhouse Hospital, and has maintained the connection con- 
tinuously since. In 1905 he was invited to become a member of the 
attending medical staff of the Almshouse Hospital, New York City, 
and in the same year was appointed assistant attending surgeon to 
the Manhattan Maternity and Dispensary. At present his hospital 
appointments include visiting surgency to the New York Polyclinic, 
to the Central and Neurological, and to the Workhouse hospitals, of 
New York City. 
Dr. Morrow has also been active in the educational part of medi- 
cal work, having been for many years connected with the faculty of 
the New York University medical department, the University and 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, where he assumed the duties of 
instructor of Obstetrics until 1906, after which he was appointed 
Clinical Professor of Surgery in the New York Polyclinic Hospital 
and Medical School. As a writer on surgical subjects, Dr. Morrow has 
made some contributions to the professional literature of the period, 
and among the writings of which he is the author may be noted the 
following: "The Immediate Care of the Injured," "Diagnostic and 
Therapeutic Technic," "The Cure of Injurial Hernia Under Local 
Anesthesia," "Local Anesthesia in Major Surgery," etc. Dr. Mor- 
row has the value of fellowship in the American College of Sur- 
geons, and also belongs to the following medical organizations: The 
Academy of Medicine, the American Medical Association, the Medical 
Society of the State of New York, the New York County Medical 
Association, and the Alumni Society of Bellevue Hospital. 
On October 23, 1909, at Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, Dr. Mor- 
row was married to Marjorie W. Morrow, the daughter of James Wyld 
and Blandina (Hasbrouck) Wyld, of Cornwall-on-Hudson, New 
York. To the marriage has been born two children: Albert S., Jr., 
born September 5, 1910, and Alison, born April 15, 1914. Dr. Mor- 
row's office address is No. 219 West Seventieth Street, New York City. 
yVALTER LESTER CARR, M.D., New York University, 1882, 
* ' (Honorary A.M., Rutgers College). House physician of Charity 
(now the City) Hospital and Maternity Hospital, 1882-83. In 1884 
he acted as house physician to the Post-Graduate Hospital. Dr. Carr 
is visiting physician to the City Hospital, Pediatric Division. Con- 
sulting physician to the French Hospital, to the New York Eye and 
Ear Infirmary, and to Letchworth Village for feeble-minded children. 
He is a fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, and has been BIOGRAPHICAL 
173 
twice chairman of the Section on Pediatrics, a member of the American 
Medical Association, the Medical Society of the County of New York 
(president 1907), the American Pediatric Society (president 1911- 
12), the Society of the Alumni of the City Hospital (president 1893), 
the Hospital Graduates Club (president 1917). He is also an honor- 
ary member of the Queens-Nassau Medical Society. Dr. Carr for- 
merly edited "Archives of Pediatrics," and edited a volume on the 
"Practice of Pediatrics," published in 1906. Dr. Carr resides and 
has his office at No. 68 West Fifty-first Street. 
LJENRY KOPLIK, M.D., eminent New York physician, has had an 
1 1 enviable career. As a foremost specialist in diseases of chil- 
dren in this country, and former president of the American Pediatric 
Society, Dr. Koplik enjoys a reputation not only co-extensive with 
this country, but one that extends to Europe as well. As an exponent 
of Preventive Medicine, as the discoverer of what has since been 
known to medical men as the "Koplik Spots," and as the founder 
in America of the first milk depots known to the profession as the 
Gouttes de Lait, out of which grew the universal idea of milk depots 
now in existence throughout the world, and as head of the Good 
Samaritan Dispensary for fifteen years, the largest pediatric clinic 
ever conducted in America, Dr. Koplik has had a career not easily 
paralleled in the lives of contemporary medical men, not alone for 
its broadly beneficent and humane character, but as well for the dis- 
tinctions attained as a specialist in his chosen field of practice. 
Born October 28, 1858, in New York City, he is a son of Abraham 
S. and Rosalia Koplik. His parents were born in Austria, but came 
to America in 1849, settling first in Canada, but soon removed to 
the United States, locating in New York. The son began his educa- 
tion in the public schools and completed his classical training in the 
College of the City of New York, graduating therefrom with the de- 
gree of A.B., at the age of twenty years, in 1878. He then entered 
the medical department of Columbia University (College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons) under the preceptorship of Drs. Matthew D. 
Mann and Francis Delafield, graduating with highest honors, winning 
the much coveted first Harsen prize of five hundred dollars for gen- 
eral proficiency. He then entered Bellevue Hospital, where for two 
years he served in the first medical division of that institution, and 
he had the honor of being selected to conduct Dr. Delafield's quiz 
for students who were preparing for the examination and hospital, 
and also to assist both Drs. Francis Delafield and Theophil M. Prud- 
den in pathology and histology, preparing the pathological lectures 
for Dr. Delafield, and assisting Dr. Prudden in instructing students 
in normal histology. He then went abroad and studied at the Uni- 
versities of Berlin, Prague, Munich and Vienna, with especial refer- 
ence to diseases of women and children. 
Returning in 1886 Dr. Koplik, by competitive examination, was 
appointed to a position in the then reorganized Good Samaritan Dis- 
pensary, at the corner of Essex and Broome Streets, New York, and 174 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
this he conducted for fifteen years, the largest pediatric clinic in 
America. He introduced and organized for the first time in America 
the so-called Gouttes de Lait, or milk depots, the first depot in 
America where children were not only furnished with pasteurized 
or sterilized milk, but were at the same time treated for intestinal 
disorders, the treatment involving constant watching and frequent 
weighings. From this grew the universal idea of milk depots, and the 
distribution of sterilized or pasteurized milk for children. Dr. Kop- 
lik was also connected at this time with St. John's Guild, and subse- 
quently became attending pediatrist and chief of the Children's Serv- 
ice in the Mt. Sinai Hospital, a position which he still holds. He is 
also consultant to several institutions where children are treated in 
New York-the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Hospital for Deformities 
and Joint Diseases, the Jewish Maternity Hospital, and the People's 
Hospital. It was during this time that Dr. Koplik added to his 
fame by the discovery of the so-called Koplik Spots, which are found 
in the mouth, and are diagnostic of the invasion of measles. 
Dr. Koplik is the author of a text book on "Diseases of Infancy 
and Childhood, ' ' now in its fourth edition, Lea Brothers, Philadelphia, 
and also numerous monographs on various subjects in diseases of 
children, among which are the following: "Etiology of Empyema in 
Children" (Archives of Pediatrics, 1890); "Sterilizing Milk, Etc." 
(Archives of Pediatrics, 1891); "Urogenital Blenorrhoea in Chil- 
dren" (Journal of Genito-Urinary Diseases, 1893) ; "Malarial Fever 
in Infants and Children" (New York Medical Journal, 1893) ; "Eti- 
ology of Acute Retropharyngeal Abscess in Infants and Children" 
(Central Blatt fur Bacteriologie, 1894); "The Diagnosis of the In- 
vasion of Measles, from a Study of the Exanthein as it Appears on 
the Buccal Mucous Membrane" (Archives of Pediatrics, 1896) ; "The 
Etiology of Pertussis" (Central Journal of Bacteriology, Germany, 
1897). Also monographs upon cerebrospinal meningitis, and polio- 
myelitis. 
Dr. Koplik is engaged in practice as a specialist in diseases of 
children, and maintains an office at No. 30 East Sixty-second Street, 
New York City. He is a corresponding member of the Medical so- 
cieties of Vienna and Budapest, a member of the American Medical 
Association, of the County and State Societies, of the New York 
Academy of Medicine, the Association of American Physicians, the 
American Pediatric Society, of which he is an ex-president, and of 
the International Congress, Sauglingsschutz (Gouttes de Lait), of 
which he is a member of the executive committee. Dr. Koplik holds 
no teaching position in any of the institutions with which he is con- 
nected, but is entirely devoted to the pediatric department of the 
profession to which he has brought such brilliant attainment. 
U1 OSTER KENNEDY, M.D., with distinction of Queen's Univer- 
1 sity, Ireland, 1910, following other professional degrees gained 
by him at the Royal University of Ireland, in 1906, gained the dis- 
tinction of F.R.S.E., in 1912, and since coming to New York City BIOGRAPHICAL 
175 
to enter special practice and take professorial capacity has rapidly 
risen to good place among the able neurologists of the city. 
He was born in Belfast, Ireland, February 7, 1884, the son of Wil- 
liam Archer and Hessie Foster Kennedy, who were Presbyterians. 
His academic education was obtained chiefly at the Royal School, 
Dungannon, Ireland, and when that phase of his education had been 
satisfactorily completed he entered upon his medical career by be- 
coming an undergraduate at the Royal University of Ireland, Dublin, 
in due course, in 1906, gaining the degrees M.B., B.Ch., and B.A.O. 
Four years later, Dr. Foster Kennedy gained the highest medical 
degree, M.D., with distinction, at the Queen's University. In 1912 
these professional distinctions were supplemented by his being made 
an F.R.S.E. 
The practice Dr. Kennedy has had since he took his first medical 
degree has been extensive, important, and more than usually varied. 
After graduating he served an interneship at the Royal Victoria 
Hospital, Belfast, Ireland, after which he secured appointment as 
junior-senior house physician at the National Hospital for Paralyzed, 
etc., London, England, later becoming resident medical officer at that 
important metropolitan institution of special medicine. He became, 
by practice and research, possessed of wide knowledge of neurological 
problems, and when he came to America, and established himself in 
special practice in New York City, in 1910, his place as a neurologist 
among the skilled specialists of New York City soon became evident. 
He soon became well regarded professionally and was admitted to 
official status and professional responsibilities at the leading neuro- 
logical institutions of the City of New York, taking also educational 
capacity. He was appointed chief of clinic and associate physician 
of the Neurological Institute, New York, director of the neurological 
service at Bellevue Hospital, New York, and Assistant Professor of 
Neurology at the Medical College of Cornell University. Dr. Kennedy 
is also consulting neurologist to the New York Hospital. 
As a Neurologist he has gained vast and valuable experience in the 
opportunities present for study, as well as useful work in the mili- 
tary hospitals of France, since the outbreak of the European war. 
He has served with the British Expeditionary Forces, being attached 
as neurologist, to the Twenty-second General Hospital, British Ex- 
peditionary Forces, having the military rank of first lieutenant, later 
promoted captain and major in the Royal Army Medical Corps; and 
Dr. Kennedy, prior to taking that appointment in the field with the 
British Army, was attached to the medical department of the French 
forces, holding the position of medecin-chef, Hopital Militaire, Ris 
Orangis, France. 
Dr. Kennedy has made the following noteworthy contributions, 
among others, to international medical literature: "Anomalous Sy- 
ringomyelia," "Brain," 1908; " Temporo-Sphenoidal Tumours," 
(Arch. Int. Medicine, 1911) ; "Pressure Sense in Face" (ineollabo- 
ration), "Brain," 1912; "Retrobulbar Neuritis in Frontal Tumours," 
1912; "New Disease of Canda Equina," 1913; "Stock Brainedness 176 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
in Crossed Aphesia," 1915 (published in the "American Journal of 
Medical Science") ; etc. 
Dr. Kennedy is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, London, 
England, and of American Medical societies; he holds membership, 
or fellowship, in the following: The New York Academy of Medi- 
cine, the American Medical Association, the American Neurological 
Association, also the New York Neurological Organization, and the 
New York State and County Medical societies. He also belongs to 
the A. M. P. 0., and socially is a member of the Century and Athletic 
clubs of New York city. His office is at No. 20 West Fiftieth Street, 
New York City, and his residence at No. 116 East Sixty-third Street. 
In 1912, at Cornish, New Hampshire, Dr. Kennedy married Isabel 
S., the daughter of Alexander and Sarah McCann. They have no 
children. 
QAMUEL ALBERTUS BROWN, M.D., graduate of the University 
and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York University, a 
physician in good professional standing and practice in New York 
City, holding many staff appointments to New York hospitals, and 
having had connection with the faculty of the University and Belle- 
vue Hospital Medical College since 1896, serving as Professor of 
Therapeutics, is a native of Newark, New Jersey, born in 1872, the 
son of Isaac Payne and Maria (Aldridge) Brown, the former a 
merchant. 
The collegiate education of Dr. Samuel A. Brown was obtained 
principally at Newark High School, from which he graduated. With 
the intention of qualifying for admittance to the medical profession, 
Dr. Brown came to New York City in 1891, and entered himself as a 
student at the New York University Medical Department, the Uni- 
versity and Bellevue Hospital Medical College. He pursued the 
course with determination, following the lectures with intelligent at- 
tention and observing much practical medical work in clinics and 
hospitals of the city. In due course he graduated, and was in 1894 
awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine, having taken good place 
in the graduating class of that year. 
Immediately thereafter he was successful in obtaining appointment 
to the house staff of the Bellevue Hospital, New York, where during 
an interneship of two years of varied practice he gained considerable 
knowledge of practical medicine. In 1896 he decided to engage in 
general private practice, and with that object opened office at No. 
13 West Forty-sixth Street, New York City, and in course of time 
established himself securely as an able physician, and as such be- 
came possessed of a substantial practice. 
Since leaving the house staff of the Bellevue Hospital, Dr. Brown 
has been offered, and has undertaken, many other staff appointments 
to New York hospitals and institutions. Shortly after entering pri- 
vate practice he secured appointment as visiting physician to the 
Workhouse Hospital of the Department of Correction, Blackwell's 
Island, and he also undertook the duties of attending physician to BIOGRAPHICAL 
177 
the Bellevue Hospital, out-patient's department. In various profes- 
sional capacities, Dr. Brown has throughout his practice maintained 
connection with the Bellevue Hospital, his present staff appointment 
being that of visiting physician to the hospital. Dr. Brown has also 
for many years been examining physician to the Society for the Pre- 
vention of Cruelty to Children, and he also holds the position of con- 
sulting physician to the New Rochelle, New York, Hospital, and 
consulting physician to the Hospital for Crippled Children, Haver- 
straw. 
In educational work relative to his profession, Dr. Brown has taken 
part, having been of the faculty of the University and Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, wherein he was lecturer on Medicine, sub- 
sequently becoming corresponding secretary to the college, and sec- 
retary to the dean of the college since 1913. He has found oppor- 
tunity for some literary work, and among his writings on medical 
subjects were useful contributions to medical literature of the 
period. 
Dr. Brown, in his professional capacity, has come into contact with 
military activities of the State, having held the appointment of sur- 
geon to the Twelfth Regiment of the National Guard of New York, 
and First Brigade Quartermaster Surgeon, First Brigade, New York 
Guard. He has taken an active interest in the proceedings of many 
medical organizations. Among those to which he is affiliated in 
membership are: The American Medical Association, the New York 
Academy of Medicine, the Medical Society of the State of New York, 
the County Medical Society, the Alumni Society of the University and 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, Bellevue Alumni Society, Phi 
Gamma Delta and Nu Sigma Nu. 
Dr. Brown married Charlotte Cowdrey, of New York City. Their 
children are: Charlotte Cowdrey and Alberta Hartley Brown. 
yYILLIAM AUGUSTUS DOWNES, M.D., graduate of the College 
* ' of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, Fellow of the Ameri- 
can College of Surgeons, member of the faculty of Columbia Univer- 
sity Medical Department, specialist in intestinal surgery, in good con- 
sulting practice in New York City, and in possession of many im- 
portant hospital appointments, was born December 2, 1872, at 
Crockett, Texas, son of James E. and Elizabeth G. (Brown) Downes. 
His early years of education were spent in schools in the vicinity 
of his home, and he later finished his general education by taking 
the academic course at the Bingham Military Academy, at Asheville, 
North Carolina. In 1892 he came to New York City to take up the 
study of medicine and entered the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons of New York, Columbia University, and in 1895 graduated 
therefrom with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, thus becoming en- 
titled to engage in medical practice immediately. 
Dr. Downes, however, was desirous of pursuing extensive research, 
and desired the facility of hospital work for the purpose, and during 
the four years from that of his graduation to that in which he estab- 178 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
lished himself in private practice he gained considerable practical 
experience of surgery as a member of the resident surgical staffs of 
busy New York City hospitals. From September, 1895, until Janu- 
ary, 1897, he served on the house staff of the General Memorial Hos- 
pital of New York, and from July, 1897, until January, 1899, was 
a member of the house staff of the New York Hospital, and later 
occupied a similar position at the Sloane Maternity Hospital, New 
York City. On July 1, 1899, Dr. Downes opened an office for private 
practice at No. 24 West Thirty-sixth Street, New York City, remain- 
ing at that address until 1901, when he removed to No. 47 West Forty- 
fourth Street, and in 1907 removed to No. 37 West Seventy-first 
Street; on October 6, 1916, he removed to his present address, No. 
424 Park Avenue. 
Since establishing himself in private practice, Dr. Downes has been 
proffered and has undertaken many important appointments to the 
hospital staffs of New York City and State institutions; in the au- 
tumn of 1899 he was appointed assistant surgeon to St. Mary's Free 
Hospital for Children, and in October, 1900, became assistant surgeon 
to the General Memorial Hospital, of the surgical staff of which 
hospital he is still a member, his present capacity being that of at- 
tending surgeon to the institution; in 1902 he was appointed adjunct 
surgeon to the Seaside Hospital (St. John's Guild of the City of New 
York), and since, has taken many other hospital responsibilities, in- 
cluded in his present hospital connections being that of attending 
surgeon to the St. Luke's Hospital, New York City, to the Babies 
Hospital, New York City, as well as to the General Memorial Hos- 
pital ; consulting surgeon to the Ruptured and Crippled Hospital, 
New York City, and consulting surgeon to the New York Infirmary 
for Women and Children, and the United Hospital, Portchester, New 
York. 
As an educator, Dr. Downes has also been active in the medical 
schools and colleges of the district for many years. In September, 
1900, he was constituted principal to the surgical class of the out- 
patient department of the New York Hospital, later becoming surgical 
registrar to that institution; in 1902 he became instructor in operative 
surgery in the Medical School of Cornell University, and in 1913 
joined the faculty of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New 
York, which is the medical department of Columbia University, at 
which famous medical college he at present is Assistant Professor of 
Clinical Surgery. Relative to his specialty, Intestinal Surgery, and to 
surgical work in general, Dr. Downes has placed into written record 
some findings and experiences which have been important contribu- 
tions to the medical literature of the period. Among the brochures, 
monographs, and other professional writings of which Dr. Downes 
is the author are: 
1. "Simple Fracture of the Carpal Scaphoid." 
2. "Hour-Glass Stomach." 
3. "Primary Splenomegaly of the Gaucher Type-Report of a Suc- 
cessful Splenectomy." BIOGRAPHICAL 
179 
4. "Spontaneous Rupture of the Spleen in Typhoid Fever," with 
report of a Case Cured by Operation (Splenectomy). 
5. "Pyloric Obstruction in Infants," a Report of Twenty-two 
Personal Cases with Operation. 
6. "Syphilis of the Stomach," a Report of Eight Cases with Roent- 
genologic Findings. 
7. "The Operative Treatment of Pyloric Obstruction in Infants." 
With a Review of Sixty-six Personal Cases. 
8. "A Further Report of Eight Cases of Syphilis of the Stomach." 
9. "Giant Duodenum." (Child Four and One-half Years). 
10. "The Operative Indications in Hour-Glass Stomach." 
As before stated, Dr. Downes has been elected to fellowship in the 
American College of Surgeons. He also belongs to many of the prin- 
cipal American medical organizations connected with his line, among 
them the following: The American Surgical Association, the Interna- 
tional Surgical Association, the Southern Surgical Association, the 
American Medical Association, the New York Academy of Medicine, 
the New York Surgical Society, the Medical Society of the State of 
New York, the County Medical Association, and the alumni societies 
of the New York and Sloane Maternity hospitals. 
DETER JOHN GIBBONS-The present epoch has witnessed many 
1 remarkable inventions and discoveries in the realm of medicine 
and surgery, but perhaps those have appealed most strongly to the 
popular imagination which have had to do with resuscitation. Among 
these there have been none of greater value or importance than the 
various devices for restoring suspended respiration, by the substitu- 
tion of artificial for the natural method, and thus bridging the critical 
moment until nature can reassert itself. The invention of the resus- 
citator by Dr. Gibbons, of New York, has been the occasion of a great 
improvement in this department of work and we now have operations 
that seem to the uninitiated veritable miracles. Dr. Gibbons himself 
is now in active practice and is even now at work upon what will 
unquestionably mark still further advances along this highly impor- 
tant path. 
Peter John Gibbons was born in Honesdale, Wayne county, Penn- 
sylvania, a son of Miles and Anne (Conway) Gibbons, the former 
connected from childhood with the steam department of the Delaware 
and Hudson Canal Company, of which he eventually became the 
superintendent. Mr. Gibbons witnessed the wonderful development 
of the steam locomotive, from the first of its type, the "Straw Bridge 
Lion," weighing four and a half tons, to the present monsters of 
five hundred tons and more. The education of Dr. Gibbons 
was begun at the schools of Honesdale, and he was prepared for a 
college course at the High School there. He then entered the Univer- 
sity of Ottowa, Ottowa, Canada, in 1880, and three years later suc- 
cessfully graduated therefrom with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. 
He afterwards received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from 
the same institution. Dr. Gibbons then came to New York City and 180 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
here entered the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, having in the 
meantime decided to make medicine his career in life. He was gradu- 
ated with the class of 1886 and duly granted the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine, together with the license to engage in general practice in 
New York. In addition to his studies at the medical college, he be- 
came a private pupil of the late Dr. Edward G. Janeway, one of the 
most eminent physicians of the city in the generation just passed. 
Having thus so adequately qualified in his chosen subject, Dr. Gib- 
bons engaged in practice with a confidence which the event has amply 
justified, and has thus been actively occupied since the year 1886, 
most of his work having been done in New York City, but a portion 
of it in Syracuse. 
An indefatigable student of medicine, Dr. Gibbons has contributed 
considerably to the literature of his profession. He has always inter- 
ested himself keenly in the subject of respiration and has devised 
many original means to aid the normal variety or, in its total absence, 
to induce an artificial substitute. One of these inventions was the 
perforated metal tube for the nasal passage in case of stenosis of that 
region, upon the value of which he has the following to say in the 
course of an illuminating article on the treatment of nasal stenosis: 
Nasal respiration is not normal unless the following conditions exists: First, 
the nasal passages must be free; second, during inspiration and expiration 
the air must come into contact with the mucous membrane; third, the mucous 
membrane itself must be in a normal state. When these conditions are present 
the normal physiological action of nasal respiration can be carried on. . . . 
To have normal respiration we must have the air enter the lungs in as normal 
a state as possible; therefore we must construct our tubes or device in such a 
manner as to allow the air to come in contact with the mucous membrane of the 
nasal cavities, so that the physiological action of this membrane upon the air 
may take place. Also, our device must not, while in position, prevent local 
applications being made to the nasal mucous membrane, nor must it interfere 
with the natural discharge of the secretions of the parts. 
Hence the extremely ingenious device of having thin metal tubes 
of the proper size, the sides filled with miniature perforations to allow 
the normal operations of the nasal passage to proceed with as little 
interruption as possible. In a companion article on the subject of 
resuscitation from electric shock, he describes the pulmotor which he 
designed for use in that and other cases of suspended animation 
that tend to pass into the condition of death. Dr. Gibbon says: 
My apparatus is a simple double bellows, ... It is so contructed that when 
the handle of the bellows is raised the air rushes from the patient's lungs 
into one apartment of the bellows; simultaneously the other apartment is filled 
with fresh air through a tube on the reverse side. This air is forced into the 
lungs by the compression of the handles. 
The apparatus is designed to resuscitate persons who have undergone electrical 
shock, taken poison, been long immersed in water, been subjected to pressure 
on the center of respiration, or suffered from similar misadventures. 
What an amazing power to restore is possessed by this brilliant, if 
simple, device may be seen from the fact that, as Dr. Gibbons tells 
us, we should not despair of results until artificial action has been BIOGRAPHICAL 
181 
maintained for from three to six hours. The value of this treatment 
in extreme cases is obvious, and the work being done by Dr. Gibbons 
at the present suggests a further extension of his methods and a 
corresponding improvement in the weapons with which medical science 
is constantly intervening between our lives and threatening death. 
DICHARD THEODORE BANG, A.M., M.D., eminent physician 
r v and surgeon of New York City, in which city he was born De- 
cember 3, 1855, is the son of Henry and Elizabeth Eleanor (Bartels) 
Bang, both of German birth. Dr. Bang's father was an officer in 
the Prussian Army, and came to America as a political refugee in 
1848, with his wife, who was the daughter of a distinguished lawyer 
in Hanover, Germany. 
Richard T. Bang was educated in New York City, attending private 
schools for elementary instruction, and being further tutored pri- 
vately, preparatory to entrance into Columbia University, which insti- 
tution of learning he became identified with in 1872, pursuing the 
arts and letters therein until 1876, when he successfully graduated 
as Bachelor of Arts. In the same year he matriculated at the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and applied him- 
self earnestly to the study of medicine, gaining the university degree 
of Doctor of Medicine in 1879, and in that year also being awarded 
the distinction of Master of Arts of Columbia University. 
Almost immediately after having graduated, Dr. Bang, by com- 
petitive examination, gained the position of resident physician and 
surgeon at St. Luke's Hospital, New York City. Three years later he 
relinquished the appointment so that he might enter into private 
practice, which he has since followed with much professional credit 
and substantial advantage. Dr. Bang has since 1882 held many 
important hospital connections and federal medical appointments. 
He was attending physician to the New York Hospital, out-patient de- 
partment for eight years, and also to the Good Samaritan Dispensary 
for seven years. He has been United States Examining Surgeon for 
the Pension and War departments at Washington since 1893; Surgeon 
to the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company since 
1902; and Surgeon to the Department of Commerce and Labor since 
1906. He holds membership in the American Medical Association, 
American Academy of Medicine, the New York Pathological Society, 
the Medical Society of the State of New York, the New York County 
Medical Society, the New York Academy of Medicine, the Alumni 
Association of St. Luke's Hospital, the New York and New England 
Association of Railway Surgeons, the Physicians' Mutual Aid Asso- 
ciation, the New York Medico-Surgical Society, the Alumni Associa- 
tion of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, the 
Association of Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Surgeons, 
the American Health League, the National Association of Pension 
Examining Surgeons, and the National Geographical Society. He is 
also a life member of the Alumni Association of Columbia University, 
and the New York Alumni Association, Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. 182 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Dr. Bang married, in New York City, May 18, 1882, Frances Goel- 
ler. They have one daughter, Eleanor Richardson, now Mrs. Sanford. 
Their home for the last twenty-eight years has been at No. 139 West 
Eleventh Street. 
TAMES FRANCIS McKERNON, M.D. (College of Physicians and 
J Surgeons of New York, 1890), was born on March 13, 1865, in 
West Cambridge, Washington county, New York, a son of John 
Cochran and Jane (Dalland) McKernon. The McKernon family is of 
Scottish origin, while the family of Dr. McKernon's mother was 
originally native to the North of Ireland. Dr. McKernon's father was 
born in Elgin, Scotland, where the family had for many generations 
been established, and from whence not only John Cochran McKernon, 
but also his three brothers, came and settled in America, these three 
uncles of Dr. McKernon volunteering for service in the Federal army 
during the Civil War. 
The early education of Dr. McKernon was obtained in the district 
school of West Cambridge, New York, later on receiving instruction 
at Greenwich Academy, Greenwich, New York, which he supplemented 
with a further period of study covering two years under private tu- 
tors. In 1890, after a three years' course, he was graduated from 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Dr. McKernon thereafter 
still further pursued his studies having special reference to the ear, 
nose and throat. 
Dr. McKernon has held many important appointments in public 
and private institutions in this city, among which may be cited: 
1890 to 1892, physician in charge of the Berachah Mission Dispen- 
sary; 1892 to 1897, assistant surgeon in the throat department of 
Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital; 1893 to 1896, assistant surgeon of 
the aural department of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary; 1897 
to 1900, assistant to the Chair of Otology in Bellevue Hospital Medi- 
cal College; and in addition to the foregoing has acted as aural sur- 
geon to the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Professor of 
Otology in the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital. 
On September 7, 1890, Dr. McKernon began private practice in 
New York City, with his office at No. 359 West Forty-seventh street; 
in 1894, and until May, 1900, he maintained his office at No. 116 
West Forty-eighth Street, thereafter removing to No. 62 West Fifty- 
second Street, where he now resides and has his office. The following 
organizations have elected Dr. McKernon a member: New York 
Academy of Medicine, New York County Medical Society, New York 
State Medical Society, American Otological Society, American Lar- 
yngological Association, American Laryngological, Rhinological and 
Otological Society. He was also chairman of the otological section of 
the New York Academy of Medicine in 1901, 1902 and 1903. 
In the course of his busily occupied career, Dr. McKernon has found 
from time to time opportunity to enrich the literature of his pro- 
fession with articles on medical subjects, a list of which published 
works is appended: ' ' Report of a Case of Torticollis Following Adeni- BIOGRAPHICAL 
183 
tomy Epithelioma of the Nose," "Report of Three Cases of Intra- 
cranial Abscess," first two fatal, third, recovery, with remarks; 
"Report of a Case of Brain Abscess Complicated by Throm- 
bosis of the Lateral Sinus and Mastoiditis Resulting from Suppurative 
Inflammation of the Middle Ear," operation, death; "The Abortive 
Treatment of Acute Mastoiditis, ' ' contributions to the ' ' Technique of 
Modern Uranoplasty;" "Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis," seven cases, 
the first non-infective, recovery, six infective, five recoveries, one fatal, 
with Remarks upon Symptomatology and Treatment; ' ' Severe Hemor- 
rhage Following Incision of Drum Membrane"; "Treatment of 
Chronic Purulent Otitis Media"; "Report of a Case of Tempero- 
Sphenoidal Abscess with Exhibition of Patient"; "Congenital Cleft 
of the Palate," further report upon the operative technique and its 
results; "Intracranial Complications of Middle Ear Diseases." A 
complete mastoid set has also been invented by Dr. McKernon, highly 
commended by members of the profession and in general use by 
surgeons in the army and navy of the United States. Dr. McKernon 
is interested in sports, and maintains a membership in the New York 
Athletic Club, through which membership he employs his few leisure 
moments in such out-of-door sports as more especially appeal to him. 
On June 26, 1901, Dr. McKernon married Anna Madeleine Witt- 
meyer, daughter of Rev. A. V. Wittmeyer, Rector of the French 
Huguenot Church, New York City. The Rev. Mr. Wittmeyer was the 
founder of the Huguenot Society of New York City. 
GEORGE EMERSON BREWER, M.D. (College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, 1885), was born on July 28, 1861, in Westfield, New 
York, and is a son of Francis B. and Susan (Rood) Brewer. Dr. 
Brewer's grandfather, on his paternal side, was Ebenezer Brewer, of 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a noted philanthropist, while his maternal 
grandfather was Rev. Heman Rood, D.D., who was for a long period 
president of the Theological Seminary at Gilmanton, New Hampshire. 
In 1878 Dr. Brewer matriculated at Hamilton College, in 1881, 
graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1885 receiving 
from that college the degree of Master of Arts, and in 1916 the degree 
of LL.D. In 1885 he was graduated from the medical school of Har- 
vard University, having originally begun the study of medicine at 
the University of Buffalo, but discontinued at that institution to re- 
sume at Harvard. Dr. Brewer further pursued his studies at the 
pathological laboratory of Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, where 
he devoted himself to a course of study in pathology. 
Dr. Brewer has held many important appointments, among which 
may be enumerated those of assistant surgeon in the out-patient de- 
partment of Roosevelt Hospital (1886), and continued this connec- 
tion for three years; clinical assistant in genito-urinary surgery, Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons (1889), and assistant demonstrator 
of anatomy, same college (1891) ; attending surgeon at the City Hos- 
pital (1892) ; adjunct surgeon at Mount Sinai Hospital (1898) ; and 
junior surgeon at Roosevelt Hospital (1899). He was also connected 184 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
for a short period with the house staff of the Boston City Hospital not 
long after his graduation from Harvard, and a little later acted as 
interne at the Columbia Hospital for Women, Washington. While 
studying in Baltimore, he was likewise connected with Bay View 
Asylum. Dr. Brewer has devoted himself to the practice of surgery 
and has held the position of instructor of surgery in the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and afterwards was Professor 
of Clinical Surgery. For three years he was Professor of Surgery 
and Surgical Director of Presbyterian Hospital of New York City. 
He resigned May 14, 1917, to go to France as Lieutenant-Colonel in 
the American forces in that country. 
In 1886, Dr. Brewer began private practice in New York City, and 
has acquired an enviable reputation for his skill in that branch of his 
profession which he has elected to follow. 
Dr. Brewer is a member of the New York Academy of Medicine, 
fellow of the American Surgical Association, and of the American 
Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons; and member of the Society 
of American Anatomists, and also of the University, Century and 
Harvard clubs. 
On June 29, 1892, Dr. Brewer married Effie Leighton Brown, of 
Chester, Pennsylvania. Their home is now at No. 16 East Sixty- 
fourth Street, New York City. 
A LFRED TOWNSEND OSGOOD-One of the institutions of the 
Baptist Church is Crozer Theological Seminary, an institution 
where Rev. Howard Osgood, D.D., LL.D., was Professor of Hebrew 
for six years, 1868-74. The seminary is located at Upland near Ches- 
ter, Pennsylvania, and there Dr. Alfred Townsend Osgood was born, 
October 14, 1872. Rev. Howard Osgood, son of Isaac and Jane Re- 
becca (Hall) Osgood, was bom at Magnolia Plantation, Louisiana, 
January 4, 1831, and in 1850 was graduated from Harvard. Brown 
University conferred upon him the degree of D.D. and Princeton Uni- 
versity that of LL.D. He was ordained a minister of the Baptist 
church in 1856, served the church at Flushing, Long Island, 1856- 
58, and a New York City church from 1860 until 1866. He was Pro- 
fessor of Hebrew, Crozer Theological Seminary, Upland, Pennsyl- 
vania, from 1868 to 1874, and Professor of Old Testament Literature, 
Rochester Theological Seminary, Rochester, New York, 1875-1901. He 
was one of the profound Biblical scholars of his day, and was chosen 
as a member of the American Company of Revisers of the Old Testa- 
ment, a work upon which he was engaged from 1874 until 1901. Rev. 
Dr. Osgood married, in New York City, in 1853, Caroline Townsend 
Lawrence, they the parents of ten sons and daughters. 
Dr. Alfred Townsend Osgood passed the first two years of his life 
at Upland, Pennsylvania, and in 1875 was taken by his parents to 
the new home in Rochester, New York, where he obtained his early 
education. He prepared at Phillip's Academy, Andover, Massa- 
chusetts, class of 1891, going thence to Yale, whence he was gradu- 
ated A.B., class of 1895. Choosing medicine as his life work he en- BIOGRAPHICAL 
185 
tered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 
receiving his M.D., class of 1899. For two years, 1899-1901, he was 
interne at Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, then went abroad, 
pursuing special courses at Berlin and Vienna during the years 1902- 
03. In the latter year he returned to the United States, located in 
New York City, where he has since been in continuous practice, 
specializing in Urology (Genito-Urinary Surgery) with offices at No. 
40 East Forty-first Street, New York City. 
Dr. Osgood, in 1903, was instructor in the New York University 
and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and Professor of Genito- 
Urinary Surgery from 1912 until the present. He is Attending 
Genito-Urinary Surgeon at Bellevue, serving from 1912 to the present. 
From 1903 until 1910 Dr. Osgood was associated with Dr. F. Tilden 
Brown, of New York City, now deceased, and from his entrance into 
professional work he has been connected with Bellevue as instructor, 
assistant or surgeon. He has written and published much in the 
surgical journals, his subjects being: "Diagnosis of Renal and Uteral 
Calculi," "Sarcoma of Prostate," "Large Vesical Calculus," 
"X-Rays and Sterility," and he is also a contributor to Johnson's 
Surgical Therapeutics. With the late Dr. F. T. Brown he made 
exhaustive research into the subject of X-Rays as a cause of sterility 
in men, the results of their scientific investigation being made the 
subject of one of his published pamphlets. 
Dr. Osgood is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, New 
York Academy of Medicine; American Association Genito-Urinary 
Surgeons; American Urological Association; American Medical Asso- 
ciation, and is a member of New York County, City and State Medi- 
cal societies. His clubs are the Yale of New York City, University 
of New York and the Graduates of New Haven. In religious faith 
he is a Baptist. 
Dr. Osgood married in Detroit^ Michigan, November 24, 1914, Ethna 
de L. Mackaye, daughter of Thomas Maekaye. 
TAANIEL LEWIS, LL.D., M.D. (Alfred University, 1869; College 
of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, 1871), son of Alfred and 
Lucy (Langworthy) Lewis, was born in Alfred, Allegany county, 
New York, January 17, 1846, and is descended from a Colonial family 
which since its first settlement in Rhode Island has numbered among 
its members many well known physicians. 
Dr. Lewis was an attendant at Alfred Academy at the time of the 
opening of hostilities between the North and South; he joined the 
United States Navy, where he served during the years 1864 and 
1865; and on the declaration of peace once more resumed his studies 
in Alfred University, from which, in 1869, he was graduated, taking 
the degree of Doctor of Laws. After a course of lectures in the 
medical department of the University of the City of New York, he 
matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York 
and was graduated in 1871. Having practiced in Andover, New 
York, for two years, he established an office in New York City, where 186 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
he became one of the most prominent physicians and surgeons of the 
Metropolis. 
Dr. Lewis has been closely identified with many of New York's most 
important medical institutions. He received the appointment of 
assistant surgeon of the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital, when 
the hospital was first organized, later becoming its visiting surgeon. 
He occupied the Chair of Special Surgery (cancerous diseases) of the 
New York Post-Graduate Medical School in 1890 and for several 
years thereafter; and also served as surgeon of the Brooklyn Throat 
Hospital, department of skin diseases and cancer. His connection 
with the Medical Society of the County of New York has been a long 
one; beginning with a membership in 1873 he has served successively 
as its delegate to the State Medical Society for three years; member 
of the Board of Censors for four years; editor of its medical direc- 
tory until 1901, and president of the Society for two years (1884-86). 
In 1889 he was elected president of the Medical Society of the State 
of New York, and has also held the office of president of the New 
York Dermatological Society; vice-president of the New York 
Academy of Medicine and member of the board of trustees; president 
of the Physicians' Mutual Aid Association (1887-89) ; and president 
of the Alumni Association of Alfred University (1887). 
He is a fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, and a mem- 
ber of the New York Pathological Society, New York Dermatological 
Society, Medical Society of the County of New York, and Medical 
Society of the State of New York. In 1895 he was appointed Com- 
missioner of New York State Board of Health, and was elected presi- 
dent of that body and served until 1901, when the board was abolished, 
at which time he was appointed commissioner of the new State De- 
partment of Health, serving until 1905. He has been medical director, 
department of New York, Grand Army of the Republic, and surgeon 
of Reno Post, New York City; and has held membership in the or- 
ganization for many years. 
Dr. Lewis' articles on medical subjects have done much to further 
the advancement of the science. A brief list of the works which owe 
their authorship to him are subjoined: "Cancer and Its Treatment" 
(1874) ; "Marsden's Treatment of Cancer," presented before the 
Medical Society of the State of New York, 1878; "Digitalis in the 
Treatment of Scarlatina" (1882) ; "The Development of Cancer from 
Non-Malignant Disease" (1883) ; "Treatment of Erysipelas" (1885); 
"Treatment of Epithelioma with Mild Caustics" (1887) ; "The Chian 
Turpentine Treatment of Cancer," presented before the State Medical 
Society, 1888; "A Malignant Tumor in an Umbilical Hernial Sac, 
with Remarks on the Etiology of Cancer" (1889) /'Horsehair Sutures 
and Drainage" (1884) ; "Cancer and Its Treatment" (1892) ; "The 
Use and Place of Caustics in the Treatment of Cancer" (Annals of 
Surgery, April, 1893) ; "Notes of a Case of Cancer of the Uterus;" 
"Remarks on Diagnosis and Treatment" (Post-Graduate Journal, 
June, 1893); "Operative Treatment of Cancer of the Rectum" 
(1897); and "Enemies of Sanitary Science" (1897). In 1895 he BIOGRAPHICAL 
187 
founded "The American Medical Review," of which he was editor 
and proprietor for fifteen years; subsequently it was changed to the 
"Medical Review of Reviews." 
On October 10, 1872, Dr. Lewis married Achsah D. Vaughan, of 
Springville, New York. They reside at Spuyten Duyvil, New York. 
Dr. Lewis' office is at No. 616 Madison Avenue, New York City. 
pEARCE BAILEY, M.A., M.D., widely known New York City 
A Neurologist, one of the founders of the New York Neurological 
Institute, consulting neurologist to St. Luke's and Roosevelt hos- 
pitals, New York City, and orthopedic surgeon to Manhattan State 
and St. John's hospitals, was born in New York City, July 12, 1865, 
the son of William E. and Harriet B. (Pearce) Bailey, who were 
both natives of Rhode Island, and descendants of families prominent 
in the early Colonial affairs of this country. The ancestry traces the 
connection to one of the founders of Newport, Rhode Island, and in 
the maternal genealogy is Jaques Jerauld, a French Huguenot, who 
emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1700, subsequently settling in 
Medfield, Massachusetts, where he practiced medicine. His son re- 
moved to Rhode Island, connection with which State the family has 
since maintained. 
The primary and preparatory education of Pearce Bailey was ob- 
tained in private schools, and was supplemented by study under pri- 
vate tutors. He matriculated at Princeton University in 1882 and 
graduated therefrom in 1886. He then returned to New York City, 
and entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Uni- 
versity, and obtained in 1889 the degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 
the same year his classical alma mater, Princeton University, con- 
ferred upon him its advanced degree, Master of Arts. 
After having received his professional degree, Dr. Pearce Bailey 
joined the house staff of St. Luke's Hospital, and underwent an in- 
terneship of much subsequent value to him. After completing his 
interneship, he went abroad and remained for two years, during which 
time he improved his knowledge of medicine, and particularly in the 
branch relating to nervous and mental diseases. 
Returning to New York City in 1892, he established himself in 
office for private practice, and in the subsequent years of his pro- 
fessional endeavor became widely known as a neurologist of profound 
understanding and of marked success in his specialty. During the 
earlier years of his practice in New York City he participated in the 
work of the faculty of Medicine at Columbia University; in 1892 he 
was appointed assistant to the chair in neurology, and from 1895 to 
1897 also held the professorial capacity of assistant in pathology at 
the University Medical Department. He was also assistant in nervous 
diseases at Vanderbilt Clinic for many years. 
Dr. Bailey has been amply occupied with the ties of his private 
practice, but has nevertheless been able to undertake some hospital 
appointments; he was for many years assistant neurologist to the 
Almshouse, and consulting neurologist to the Memorial Hospital, Mor- 188 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
ristown, New Jersey, and for about two decades has been consulting 
neurologist to St. Luke's Hospital, New York City, and St. John's 
Hospital, Yonkers, New York. He is also at present consulting neur- 
ologist to Roosevelt Hospital, New York City, and orthopedic surgeon 
to the Manhattan State Hospital. Dr. Bailey is also on the medical 
staff of the New York Neurological Institute for the study and treat- 
ment of nervous diseases, and is a State examiner in lunacy. The 
leading medical journals have many times published articles written 
by Dr. Bailey, and he is the author of "Accident and Injury, Their 
Relation to Disease," which was well received by the profession. 
The following are among the medical organizations of which Dr. 
Bailey is a member: American Medical Association, the New York 
Academy of Medicine, the New York Neurological Society, the Medical 
Society of the State of New York, the Pathological Society of New 
York, the New York County Medical Association, and the Alumni 
Association of St. Luke's Hospital. 
Shortly after the declaration of war against Germany, Dr. Bailey, 
at the invitation of the Surgeon General of the Army, received a 
commission in the Medical Reserve Corps and went to Washington to 
assist the Surgeon General in all matters pertaining to nervous and 
mental diseases in the army. 
Y^ONDICT WALTER CUTLER, M.D., diagnostician, was born in 
Morristown, New Jersey, February 27, 1859, son of Augustus W. 
Cutler, a well known lawyer, State Senator and Congressman for 
several terms. His mother was Julia R. (Walker) Cutler, a member 
of the Colonial Dames and Daughters of the Revolution. Dr. 
Cutler is a descendant of ancient and honorable Colonial stock on 
both the paternal and maternal sides. His ancestor on the Cutler side 
fought in the Revolutionary War, holding the rank of colonel with 
the Continental Army. The progenitor of this family was Sin Gevaise 
Cutler, bom in London, England, who came to Boston, Massachusetts, 
in 1701. On the maternal side Dr. Cutler is a descendant of Pere- 
grine White, born November 20, 1620, on board the historic May- 
flower, while lying at anchor in the harbor of Cape Cod; he was the 
son of William W. White. 
Condit W. Cutler received his classical education in private schools 
in his native town, and in 1875 entered Rutgers College, graduating 
therefrom with the degree of Bachelor of Science, in 1879. He entered 
upon the study of medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
New York, graduating with honors in the class of 1882 with the de- 
gree of M.D., and receiving the first "Harsen" prize of five hundred 
dollars for proficiency. He then spent six months as an interne at 
the House of Relief, connected with the New York Hospital, at the 
end of that time, served in a like capacity at the Bellevue Hospital 
for one year and a half, later in the same capacity for three months 
at St. John's General Hospital, Staten Island, at the end of which 
time he engaged in the private practice of his profession in New 
York City, in which he has been continuously engaged successfully BIOGRAPHICAL 
189 
up to the present time. From 1888 to 1902 Dr. Cutler was physician- 
in-chief to the New York Dispensary; 1892 to 1895 was Professor of 
Dermatology at the University of Vermont Medical College; 1896-98 
was attending physician to Randall's Island Hospital; 1897 was sur- 
geon to the Eastern Dispensary; 1890-92 was instructor of Dermatol- 
ogy in the Post-Graduate Medical College. 
Dr. Cutler has contributed much to medical literature that has 
been of importance and value to the profession, including papers that 
have appeared in leading medical journals, as well as several books, 
among the more notable being: "Essentials of Physics and Chem- 
istry" (Putnam's Sons, 1889) ; "Manual of Differential Medical Diag- 
nosis" (Putnam's Sons, 1890) ; "Differential Diagnosis of Diseases of 
the Skin" (Putnam's Sons, 1892) ; "Lectures on Dermatology" (Put- 
nam's Sons, 1896). 
Dr. Cutler wras for several years a member of the American Der- 
matological Society and president of the New York Dermatological 
Society. He is a member of the Alumni of Bellevue Hospital, the 
County Medical Society, New York Academy of Medicine, Hospital 
Graduates' Club, Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, Order of 
Founders and Patriots of America, Zeta Psi, Phi Beta Kappa, and 
the New York Athletic Club. 
On January 30, 1885, Dr. Cutler was married to Cora Carpenter, of 
Warsaw, Indiana. Mrs. Cutler is a member of the Colonial Dames, 
and her ancestry is also traced down from Colonial times. Dr. Cut* 
ler has been established for many years at No. 135 West Seventy- 
sixth Street, New York City. 
IVf AURICE PACKARD, Bachelor of Philosophy and Master of Arts 
1 1 of Syracuse University, and Doctor of Medicine of the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, Columbia University, is a 
rising physician of New York City, where he holds many hospital 
appointments, and is active as an educator. He was born at Syracuse, 
New York, June 18, 1876, the son of L. Packard and Froma (Tumin) 
Packard. 
His early education was at the Syracuse public schools, from which 
he graduated, and Syracuse University, where he pursued the aca- 
demic course with substantial success, ultimately graduating as Bache- 
lor of Philosophy. He subsequently gained the degree of Master of 
Arts, and proceeding to New York City entered the College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons, which is the medical department of Columbia 
University. There he followed the medical lectures with diligence, 
and also during his studentship undertook considerable research. 
Graduating in 1900 as Doctor of Medicine and receiving the diploma 
of the university in due course, he decided, after his interneship at 
Brooklyn Hospital, to continue his studies and research by extensive 
post-graduate work in European centres of medicine. Accordingly 
he went abroad and took courses at the London University, England, 
and the University of Vienna, Austria, acquiring thereby a deep in- 
sight into certain phases of medical science and qualifying as an au- 190 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
thority in these subjects. Returning to New York, he opened an office 
for the general practice of medicine, and by reason of his qualifica- 
tions has developed a lucrative practice of substantial extent, and 
has many notable professional successes to his credit. 
In his hospital appointments he has been connected with the Brook- 
lyn Hospital, and at the present time is attending physician to the 
Polyclinic Hospital, assistant visiting physician to the Gouverneur 
Hospital, chief physician of the Gouverneur Hospital Dispensary, and 
consulting physician to the Jewish Maternity Hospital. As an in- 
structor, Dr. Packard has given many indications of efficiency and 
aptitude, and has been Professor of Medicine at the New York Poly- 
clinic Medical School for some years, with creditable results. 
Dr. Packard has also found time to transmit to writing the results 
of much of his research and experiments. He has contributed to the 
medical literature of this generation many works of value to the pro- 
fession and many of his articles have been published in periodical pro- 
fessional literature. He is the author of "Endothelioma of Lung;" 
"Treatment of Pneumonia;" "Acromegaly;" "A Peculiar Case of 
Cardio-Vascular Disease;" "Chronic Fibroritis;" "Diagnosis with 
Suggestive Sign of Carcenoma of Body and Tail of Pancreas; report 
of a case;" "Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Tuberculosis;" 
"Leukotoric Factor in Llymphatic Leukeamia;" "Primary Cancers 
of the Lung and Pleura; ' ' and many other monographs and articles of 
noteworthy merit, of which is the recent book entitled ' ' Shylock Not a 
Jew." 
Although comparatively young in the profession, Dr. Packard has 
taken an active interest in the proceedings of many of the principal 
medical organizations; he is a member of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation; is a fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine; and be- 
longs to the Medical Society of the State of New York, the New 
York County Medical Association, the New York Clinical Society, the 
Eastern Medical Society of the City of New York, the New York 
Physicians' Association, Manhattan Medical Society, and American 
Association for the Study of Internal Secretions. 
Dr. Packard was married on January 1, 1905, to Blanche R. Vogel, 
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Vogel, of New York City. They have 
two children: Florence, born April 27, 1907; and Lucile, born July 1, 
1914. 
JULIUS HAYDEN WOODWARD, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.S., who was 
an Ophthalmologist of high standing in New York, and an instruc- 
tor of marked success, he having been identified, in professorial ca- 
pacity, with the faculties of leading medical colleges for thirty years, 
serving as Professor of Ophthalmology and director of instruction in 
Ophthalmology at the New York Post-Graduate Medical School, was 
born in Castleton, Vermont, May 31, 1858, the son of Adrian Theodore 
and Lois Cornelia (June) Woodward. 
His father, Dr. Adrian T. Woodward, was a physician of note in 
the State of Vermont, which fact undoubtedly influenced the trend BIOGRAPHICAL 
191 
of the boy's education, Julius Hayden Woodward, after satisfactory 
preparation, entering Cornell University in 1876, graduating there- 
from three years later with the degree of B.S., immediately after the 
attainment of which he proceeded to New York City, where he at- 
tached himself to the College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia 
University) as a student, concurrently studying medicine at the Uni- 
versity of Vermont. From both these institutions of learning he, by 
creditable graduation, received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 
1882, and after further post-graduate research and clinical observa- 
tions abroad, where he studied under noted teachers of Berlin, as well 
as practical application to his profession in various hospitals, Dr. 
Woodward, in 1884, decided to open an office for general private 
practice in the town of Brandon, Vermont. In 1889 he removed to 
Burlington, Vermont, where he successfully practiced until 1897, 
when he removed to New York City, and established himself in the 
practice of his specialty in that city. 
In his more than thirty years of professional activity, Dr. Wood- 
ward occupied many chairs in medical colleges. In 1886 he was ap- 
pointed Professor of Laryngology at the University of Vermont; dur- 
ing the years 1887 and 1894 he was Professor of Materia Medica and 
Therapeutics thereat; and from 1890 to 1897 he was also Professor 
of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases at the same university. In 
1908 he was appointed to the Chair of Ophthalmology at the New 
York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, and in 1913 was 
further honored by the same institution by appointment as director of 
instruction in Ophthalmology, which position he held at the time of 
his death. 
Dr. Woodward was a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, 
and his standing as an Ophthalmologist was internationally recog- 
nized by his election to life membership of the Societe Frangaise 
d'Ophthalmologic, Paris. He also held membership in the American 
Medical Association, the Medical Society of the State of New York, 
the New York Academy of Medicine, the Vermont State Medical So- 
ciety, the New York County Medical Association, and the Alumni 
Association of Bellevue Hospital, New York. 
Among his official relations with New York City hospitals may 
be noted that of surgeon to Metropolitan Throat Hospital, and simi- 
lar position at the New York Throat and Nose Hospital. At the time 
of his death he was Ophthalmological Surgeon at the New York Post- 
Graduate Hospital. Dr. Woodward was a frequent contributor to 
periodical medical literature, among them being: "The Medico-Legal 
Relations of Vision and Audition and of Injuries to the Eye and 
Ear," "Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology," 
and others. He also delivered many lectures before various medical 
societies. 
ALFRED MEYER, A.B., M.D., Clinical Professor of Medicine at 
the New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- 
lege, is a recognized authority in tubercular diseases. He is consult- 192 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
ing physician to a number of hospitals, and was twice a director of 
the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tubercu- 
losis. 
Alfred Meyer was born in New York City, June 18, 1854, a son of 
Isaac and Mathilda (Langenbach) Meyer. He received a liberal classi- 
cal education in Columbia University, graduating therefrom in 1874 
wTith the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He entered upon the study of 
medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, medical depart- 
ment of Columbia University, and graduated in 1877 with the degree 
of M.D. He then entered upon post-graduate work as a member of 
the house staff of Mount Sinai Hospital, and in 1881 engaged in the 
private general practice of his profession in New York City, in which 
he has successfully continued to the present time. He is a member 
of the medical faculty of New York University, having been since 
1910 Professor of Clinical Medicine at the New York University and 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College. He is attending physician to 
the Mount Sinai Hospital, consulting physician to the Montefiore 
Hospital for Chronic Diseases, Bedford Sanitarium for Consumptives 
and the Sprain Ridge Hospital, Yonkers, New York. Dr. Meyer is a 
member of the following medical organizations: The American Medi- 
cal Association, New York Academy of Medicine, Medical Society of 
the State of New York, the Harvey Society, New York County Medical 
Society, the Alumni of Mount Sinai Hospital, Phi Kappa Psi fra- 
ternity, the Adirondack League and Barnard clubs. 
On February 15, 1887, Dr. Meyer was married to Annie Florance 
Nathan, of New York City. They have one child, Margaret N., born 
October 24, 1894. 
T OHN ASPELL, M.D., successful and highly regarded gynecologist 
u and surgeon of New York City, wherein he has been active in the 
medical profession for more than three decades, serving in various 
capacities in numerous public institutions, is a native of New York 
City, born May 11, 1861, son of James and Catherine (Hope) Aspell, 
his father a merchant of unquestioned integrity and exceptional 
ability. 
Dr. John Aspell obtained his elementary education in the School of 
St. Colomba, there thoroughly preparing himself for admission to St. 
Francis Xavier College, where he pursued a regular collegiate course, 
which was supplemented by a period of study at Fordham University, 
which institution conferred upon him the degrees of Bachelor of Arts 
and Master of Arts, after which he matriculated at Bellevue Medical 
College and subsequently graduated therefrom with the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. He served an interneship in Gouveneur Hos- 
pital and the Woman's Hospital, the knowledge and experience thus 
gained aiding him greatly in his subsequent career, increasing his use- 
fulness and efficiency. Being well qualified both by study and hos- 
pital experience for all the duties that fall to the lot of a physiciafi, 
Dr. Aspell was soon in command of an extensive and lucrative patron- BIOGRAPHICAL 
193 
age, which has increased with the passing years. In addition to this 
he served in the capacity of visiting gynecologist to the Foundling 
Hospital, Fordham, and St. Vincent's Hospital for a period of three 
years, and for a quarter of a century has been consulting surgeon 
to St. Mary's Hospital, Misericordia and St. John's Hospital. He is 
always ready to aid, by his means and influence, all undertakings 
which in his opinion will prove of benefit to mankind or his beloved 
profession, and he keeps in touch with his professional brethren by 
membership in the American Medical Association, New York Academy 
of Medicine, New York State Medical Society and New York County 
Medical Society. Dr. Aspell is staunch in his advocacy of the tenets 
of the Roman Catholic church, the faith of his forefathers. 
Dr. Aspell married, April 18, 1900 (the ceremony performed in the 
Church of St. Francis Xavier), Anna M. Tierney, daughter of Myles 
and Elizabeth L. M. (Finn) Tierney. Children: Hope, born August 
25, 1904; Lillian, December 31, 1905; James, May 7, 1907; Gertrude, 
March 4, 1909. 
T AMES ALEXANDER MILLER, A.M., M.D., eminent specialist 
in Diseases of the Lungs and Tuberculous Diseases, occupies a fore- 
most place among New York medical men, and is a recognized au- 
thority in his chosen branch of practice, a fact which derives addi- 
tional weight from the circumstance that Dr. Miller is yet a young 
man in the prime of his years. Whether as physician and specialist, 
author, or the prominent part he takes in medical institutions of the 
city, Dr. Miller is characterized by abilities of a high order. 
James A. Miller was born in Roselle, New Jersey, March 27, 1874, 
a son of Charles Dexter and Julia (Hope) Miller. The father of 
Dr. Miller was a former well known cotton merchant and twice presi- 
dent of the New York Cotton Exchange. James A. Miller received his 
elementary education at primary and intermediate schools, and at the 
Pingry School, Elizabeth, New Jersey. Later he attended Princeton 
University, where he graduated in 1893 with the degree of Bachelor 
of Arts, and a year later received the degree of Master of Arts from 
the same institution. He entered upon the study of medicine at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, graduating there- 
from in 1899 with the degree of M.D. He immediately, after com- 
petitive examination, became a member of the house staff of physicians 
of the Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, where he remained for 
two years, 1899-1901, and in the latter year he engaged in the pri- 
vate practice of his profession in New York, where he has successfully 
continued to the present time. The later years of his practice have 
been given exclusively to his specialty. Dr. Miller is a member of the 
staff of visiting physicians of Bellevue Hospital, is a director of the 
Tuberculosis Division of the same institution, and is consulting phy- 
sician to the Trudeau Sanatorium, Sea View Hospital, and Sprain 
Ridge. He is also Professor of Clinical Medicine in the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons. 194 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
His standing among the lung specialists of New York City may be 
inferred from the positions he holds in the activities of organizations 
related thereto; he is the president of the Association of Tuberculosis 
Clinics, and is chairman of the Tuberculosis Committee of the Charity 
Organization Society. Dr. Miller has also been actively interested in 
the broader aspects of public health problems, and is secretary of 
the Public Health Committee of the New York Academy of Medicine. 
He has been identified also with various activities of a sociological na- 
ture and is a member of the Central Council of the Charity Organiza- 
tion Society and of the board of managers of the Association for the 
Improvement of the Condition of the Poor. In this connection he 
lectures in hygiene and medical social service in the New York School 
of Philanthropy. During the war he spent more than a year in 
France as Associate Director of the Commission for the Prevention 
of Tuberculosis in France, sent out under the auspices of the Rocke- 
feller Foundation. Dr. Miller had charge of the medical work of this 
commission and was instrumental in helping to organize a tuberculosis 
movement in France along American lines which has constituted 
materially toward the reconstruction of public health activities in that 
country. During his stay in France he was also appointed consult- 
ing physician to the Civilian Affairs Department of the American 
Red Cross in France, in which organization he held a commission as 
major. 
Dr. Miller is also identified in membership or fellowship with the 
following medical societies: The American Medical Association, the 
American Clinatological and Clinical Association, the New York 
Academy of Medicine, the New York State and County Medical so- 
cieties, the Practitioners' Society, the Association of American Phy- 
sicians, and the Alumni of Presbyterian Hospital. Socially, he belongs 
to the University and Princeton clubs of New York City; religiously, 
he is a communicant of the Brick Presbyterian Church. 
His contributions to professional literature have been many and 
valuable. Among the writings of which he is the author are: "The 
Value of Tuberculin in the Treatment of Tuberculosis"; "A Study 
of the Tuberculosis Problem in New York City"; "The Association 
of Tuberculosis Clinics of New York"; "The Relation of the Phy- 
sician to the Anti-Tuberculosis Campaign"; "Nephritis Complicating 
Mumps"; "Artificial Pneumothorax in the Treatment of Pulmonary 
Tuberculosis"; "Some Physiological Effects of Various Atmospheric 
Conditions"; "The Effect of Changes in Atmospheric Temperature 
Upon the Respiratory Tract"; "Subacute and Chronic Non-Tubercu- 
losis Pulmonary Infections"; "Some Problems of Differential Diag- 
nosis in Chronic Pulmonary Disease"; "Edward Livingston Trudeau, 
A Personal Tribute"; "Studies of the Leukocytes in Pulmonary 
Tuberculosis and Pneumonia," which Dr. Miller wrote in collabora- 
tion with Margaret A. Reed; "A Clinical Study of the Children of 
Tuberculosis Parents," by James Alexander Miller and I. Ogden 
Woodruff; "The Effects of Exposure to Cold Upon Experimental In- 
fection of the Respiratory Tract," James Alexander Miller and Willis BIOGRAPHICAL 
195 
C. Noble; "The Effect of Change in Atmospheric Conditions Upon 
the Upper Respiratory Tract," by James Alexander Miller and Ger- 
hard H. Cocks; "The Effect of Moderately High Atmospheric Tem- 
peratures Upon the Formation of Hemolysins," by James Alexander 
Miller, C. E. A. Winslow, and Willis C. Noble. Dr. Miller's office 
is at No. 379 Park Avenue, New York City, and he resides at No. 375 
Park Avenue. 
Dr. Miller married, at New York City, June 4, 1902, Marion, 
daughter of Josiah C. and Anna Wilson Hunt. They have two 
children: Constance, born February 6, 1904, and Marion, born July 
5, 1907. 
W ILL I AM BROADDUS PRITCHARD, M.D., Specialist in Neur- 
' ' ology, Professor of Mental and Nervous Diseases in the New 
York Polyclinic Medical School, is an eminent medico-legal expert. 
A profound student of mental and nervous diseases, Dr. Pritchard 
was for many years the expert of the United States District Attor- 
ney's office of New York in all cases involving a medico-legal issue, 
and it is perhaps as an expert that Dr. Pritchard is best known to 
the lay public through his connection with several celebrated cases, 
including the Thaw case, the Eno will contest, the Townsend murder 
and other cases of importance. 
William B. Pritchard was bom in Baltimore, Maryland, June 12, 
1862, a son of Thomas Henderson and Fannie Gulielma (Brinson) 
Pritchard. The father of Dr. Pritchard was a former Doctor of Di- 
vinity, an eminent Divine of the Baptist church. Dr. Pritchard comes 
of an ancient and honorable ancestry in this country. His genealogy 
connects him with Scotch-Welsh-Huguenot ancestors, but the Prit- 
chard family may be considered American, as many generations of 
the family have been bom in America, in 1607. The ancestry of 
this family also leads back to Richard Henderson, who held a grant of 
nearly all the territory now embraced in the States of Kentucky and 
Tennessee, and employed Daniel Boone to explore Kentucky, as his 
representative; also in the paternal line of Dr. Pritchard's ancestry 
are others who were prominent in early Colonial history of the 
State of North Carolina, the records showing that Alexander Mar- 
tin, one of his ancestors, having been Governor of the State, also 
Leonard Henderson, who was a judge, and two congressmen. 
William B. Pritchard received a liberal classical education, at- 
tending the primary schools, Raleigh (North Carolina) Military 
Academy, and Wake Forest College, North Carolina, where he spent 
four years, from 1877 to 1881. In 1882 he entered upon the study 
of medicine with Dr. J. B. Marvin, of Louisville, Kentucky, and also 
with Dr. J. B. Powers, of Wake Forest College, North Carolina. He 
also attended lectures at the Hospital College of Medicine at Louis- 
ville, and the Kentucky School of Medicine of the same place. Later 
he went to Baltimore, Maryland, and entered the College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons of that city, graduating therefrom with the 196 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
degree of M.D. After receiving his degree, Dr. Pritchard practiced 
his profession for some time at Wilmington, North Carolina, after- 
wards removing to Faison, in the same State, where he practiced until. 
1887. In that year he came to New York City, where he engaged 
in the private practice of his profession, in which he has successfully 
continued to the present time. In 1888 Dr. Pritchard decided to 
make a specialty of Neurology, and took a post-graduate course at 
the New York Polyclinic. In 1893 he was appointed Adjunct Profes- 
sor of Mental and Nervous Diseases at the New York Polyclinic Medi- 
cal School and Hospital, where he has since been connected, at the 
present time being Professor of Mental and Nervous Diseases and 
Neurologist of that institution. He is also consulting Neurologist to 
the S. R. Smith Infirmary, St. Vincent's, Staten Island, and Knicker- 
bocker hospitals. In 1894 he was appointed chief medical examiner, 
and later assistant medical director in the United States for the 
Nederland Life Insurance Company, of Amsterdam, Holland, in which 
capacity he remained until 1896. Dr. Pritchard is a member of the 
following medical societies and organizations: The State Medical 
Society, New York Academy of Medicine, American Medical Society, 
New York County Medical Association, New York Neurological So- 
ciety, the New York Society of Jurisprudence, and the New York 
Physicians Mutual Aid Association. He was also affiliated with the 
Medical Society of the State of North Carolina, New Hanover County 
(North Carolina) Medical Society, of which he was secretary in 
1884, the New York Southern Society, the New York St. David's 
Society, and the Kappa Alpha (Southern order) fraternity. 
In the field of authorship, Dr. Pritchard has contributed much to 
medical literature that has been of interest and value to the pro- 
fession. In 1890 he was associate editor of the "Universal Annual 
of the Medical Sciences," in which he wrote and edited the section 
on diseases of the brain, and has continued his relations through the 
various transitions with that publication. Among his more note- 
worthy articles are: "Disseminated Sclerosia" (published in Keat- 
ing's Encyclopedia of the Diseases of Children) ; "Cerebral Tubercu- 
losis" (International Clinics, Vol. I, second series) ; " Cerebro-Spinal 
Meningitis" (New York Polyclinic, Feb., 1893) ; and "Melancholia," 
and other papers, published in the American System of Medicine, by 
Loomis and Thompson. 
In 1886 Dr. Pritchard was married to Virginia M. Faison, of 
Faison, North Carolina. 
T AMES RAYNOR HAYDEN, M.D., eminent surgeon and specialist 
** in Genito-Urinary Diseases, late Professor of Urology, College of 
Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia University), New York, and for- 
mer Professor of Genito-Urinary Diseases in the medical department 
of the University of Vermont, occupies a representative place of 
prominence among New York medical men. Whether as physician 
or specialist in his chosen branch of practice, or as an instructor in 
medical college and hospital, or author, or important factor in medi- BIOGRAPHICAL 
197 
cal institutions, Dr. Hayden is characterized by abilities of a high 
order. His native talents, developed by solid acquirements and dis- 
ciplined by comprehensive research in noted medical centers of Eu- 
rope, and a long and extensive practice, gives to him an exceptional 
equipment of learning and skill. 
James R. Hayden was born in New York City, May 20, 1862, a 
son of James Albert and Harriet (Whiting) Hayden, the latter 
named a daughter of Judge James R. Whiting, of New York City. 
Dr. Hayden comes of an ancient and honorable Colonial family in 
this country, and is descended through the paternal and maternal 
lines from among the first colonists of New England. His paternal 
ancestor, John Hayden, a native of Devonshire, England, came to 
Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1630, and his maternal ancestor, Hon. 
William Whiting, was a founder of Hartford Colony. 
James R. Hayden received his classical education at the Columbia 
Grammar School, and entered upon the study of medicine at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, graduating 
therefrom in 1884 with the degree of M.D. After his graduation, 
for a period of eighteen months, he was engaged as surgical interne 
in the New York Hospital, thereafter spending some time traveling 
in Europe and while there pursuing his studies in Vienna and Heidel- 
berg, where, under Professors Ultzmann and Czerney, he specialized 
in Genito-Urinary Diseases and Surgery. On his return to this country 
he received the appointment of clinical assistant in the Surgical Clinic 
of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and in May, 1891, he be- 
came chief of clinic and instructor in Genito-Urinary Diseases of the 
same college. From 1892 to 1898 he served as Professor of Genito- 
Urinary Diseases, medical department, University of Vermont. From 
1893 to 1898 he was visiting surgeon to the City Hospital on Black- 
well's Island, resigning in 1898 to become assistant attending genito- 
urinary surgeon to Bellevue Hospital. He was appointed, in De- 
cember, 1901, visiting surgeon to the Private Patients' Pavilion of 
Roosevelt Hospital, and in December, 1902, attending genito-urinary 
surgeon to Bellevue Hospital. He is also consulting surgeon to St. 
Joseph's Hospital, Yonkers. 
His profession has received much benefit from surgical apparatus 
and surgical instruments devised by Dr. Hayden. He has likewise 
written a work on "Genito-Urinary Diseases," which has been highly 
commended by the members of the medical profession, having had a 
large circulation through several editions, and being employed by 
medical colleges as a text book. He is also the author of various 
articles dealing with professional subjects which have appeared in 
various medical periodicals. 
Dr. Hayden is a member of the Alumni Association of the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, the Medical Society of the 
County of New York, and the American Association of Genito- 
urinary Surgeons. He is a fellow of the New York Academy of 
Medicine, the Medical Association of Greater New York, American 
College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Ur- 198 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
ological Association, International d'Urologie 1'Association, Ameri- 
can Urological Association, the Society of the Alumni of the New 
York Hospital, and the Physicians' Mutual Aid Association. In 1892 
he was commissioned ensign and assistant surgeon in the First Naval 
Battalion, National Guard, State of New York. He is a member 
of the Century Club, Naval Reserve Association, Society of Colonial 
Wars, Rockaway Hunting Club, and Calumet Club. 
In May, 1889, Dr. Hayden married Mary Johnson Trumbull, of 
Worcester, Massachusetts, and they reside at No. 121 West Fifty-fifth 
Street, New York City. 
AUGUSTUS CAILLE, M.D., F.A.C.P., prominent physician of 
1 v New York City, medical diagnostician and successful specialist 
in Pediatrics, author of several medical works, and a teacher and 
lecturer of marked ability, was born in Madison, Indiana, April 1, 
1854, son of William and Ernestine (Hof) Caille, the family being of 
French-Huguenot descent. 
Having decided to enter professional life, Augustus Caille, after 
having acquired the fundamental academic education, came to New 
York City to enter the New York College of Pharmacy as a student. 
In 1873 he graduated therefrom, taking the first prize, but having 
meanwhile determined to qualify as a physician, and being desirous 
of obtaining the best preceptorship possible, he went abroad some 
time after having received his pharmaceutical degree, and took the 
course in medicine at the University of Wurzburg. Having suc- 
ceeded in graduating therefrom in 1877, Dr. Caille returned to 
America, and in 1878 established himself in an office in New York 
City for the private general practice of his profession. Having, 
however, also resolved to take an American degree in medicine, Dr. 
Caille enrolled himself at the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
(Columbia University) as an undergraduate, and in due course (in 
1881) had the satisfaction of possessing the institution's degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. 
Dr. Caille pursued the study and practice of medicine with much 
ability and enthusiasm, and has been indefatigable in research, which 
has taken the line of children's diseases, of which subject he has 
become a recognized authority. He was appointed Professor of Medi- 
cine and Children's Diseases at the New York Post-Graduate Medical 
School and Hospital in 1888, a professorial activity he has main- 
tained continuously during the intervening thirty years to the pres- 
ent. He is consulting physician and professor emeritus at the Post- 
Graduate Hospital, New York, and visiting physician to the German 
Hospital, New York; in addition to which Dr. Caille is consulting 
physician to the Isabella Home and Hospital, and the Sea Cliff Con- 
valescent Home for Babies. 
In 1908 he was appointed member of the Medical Reserve Corps, 
United States Army, by President Roosevelt, the appointment carry- 
ing a military rank of first lieutenant. In 1917 he received a com- 
mission as major but regretfully declined on account of age. In the BIOGRAPHICAL 
199 
proceedings of many important medical bodies Dr. Caille has taken 
prominent part, and been elected to responsible office and honor; he 
was deputed to attend the International Medical Congress, in Berlin, 
as an American delegate, and is an ex-president of the American 
Pediatric Society. Dr. Caille also holds fellowship in the New York 
Academy of Medicine, the American Congress on Internal Medicine, 
and in the American College of Physicians, and membership in the 
Medical Society of the County and State of New York, the American 
Medical Association, the American Pediatric Society, etc. 
Dr. Caille has substantially contributed to the medical literature 
of the country, having published many library and professional ar- 
ticles and monographs, the majority of which have had place in the 
pages of leading medical periodicals. He introduced Soxhlet's Home 
Sterilization of milk and bottle food for infants to the American 
profession in 1887, and gave the first demonstration of O'Dwyer's 
Method of Intubation for croup in Germany at Frankfort in 1887. 
He devised a perforated trocar for abdominal puncture and an auto- 
matic tracheal retractor for facilitating tracheotomy for croupous 
Stenosis. He suggested permanent drainage for certain forms of 
ascites and devised a Scratch test for safeguarding individuals sensi- 
tized to animal serum (Diphtheria Antitoxin), etc. He is the author 
of a well-received comprehensive work on ' ' Differential Diagnosis and 
Treatment of Disease," which was published in 1906, and has writ- 
ten an up-to-date presentation of post-graduate teaching, entitled 
"Prevention and Treatment of Disease" (1918), both published by 
D. Appleton & Company, New York. Dr. Caille's place of residence 
is at No. 753 Madison Avenue, New York City, at which address also 
is his office. 
Dr. Caille married (first) in 1879, Emily Guth, of New York, who 
bore him two children as follows: Margaret, born May 10, 1885 (Mrs. 
D. S. Davis), and Ernestine, born June 7, 1890, died January 21, 
1901. He married (second) Rita E. Seibold, of Mt. Vernon, New 
York, 1911, to which marriage was born: Erna, May 29, 1913. 
1YJALC0LM McLEAN, Specialist in Surgery-Gynecology and Ob- 
1 1 stetrics, belongs to the progressive type of physician who by 
learning, dignity and strict conformity to correct standards of ethical 
requirements have given so high a prestige to the profession. 
Malcolm McLean was born April 18, 1848, at Rahway, New Jersey, 
a son of George W. and Rebecca (Jackson) McLean, the former a 
graduate of West Point (1818), was an officer of the United States 
Army, having served as a lieutenant in the marine corps in the 
Seminole War and was one of the captors of Osceola, the famous 
Seminole Indian Chief. He entertained Prince Achille Murat while 
a fugitive from France, in this country, 1830-37. He was a grandson 
of General John McLean, of the United States Army, who served 
under General Washington in the Revolution, and who was the first 
commandant of the veteran artillery corps in 1809. 
Dr. McLean received his preliminary educational training at 200 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Young's Classical School, Elizabeth, New Jersey, graduating there- 
from in 1863. He then entered upon the study of medicine at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, from 
which he received the degree of M.D., in 1869, serving concurrently 
from 1867-69 as an interne in Bellevue Hospital. Immediately fol- 
lowing his graduation he pursued post-graduate work in various Eu- 
ropean medical centers, including London, Paris and Vienna, until 
1873, when he returned to New York City to enter upon the private 
practice of his profession, where he has continued to the present time, 
enjoying a large and lucrative clientele as a specialist in Surgery- 
Gynecology and Obstetrics. Dr. McLean's skill in his special branches 
of practice has caused him to be widely sought by Metropolitan and 
State hospitals, having served as attending Gynecologist at Randall's 
Island Hospital, surgeon-in-charge of St. Andrew's Infirmary for 
Women, surgeon to Harlem Dispensary, associate surgeon to the 
Woman's Hospital of the State of New York, examining physician to 
the Department of Charities and Corrections, consulting surgeon at 
Randall's Island Hospital, and is also surgeon of the Veteran Corps, 
Artillery, State of New York. 
Dr. McLean has for over thirty years been a prolific contributor 
to the literature of the profession, a few of the more important papers 
and brochures issued from his pen being as follows: "Management 
of Placenta Praevia" (Amer. Jnl. of Obstetrics, 1886) ; "Face Pre- 
sentations" (Med. News, July, 1900) ; "Misapplication Obstetric For- 
ceps" (N. Y. Jnl. Gyn. and Obst., 1891); "Rupture of Uterus" 
(Gynecological Trans., 1892); "Toxic Effects of Iodoform in Sur- 
gery," 1897; "Use of Hand in Obstetrics" (Am. Gyn. & Obst. Jnl., 
1897) ; "Apparent Disproportion Between Foetal Head and Pelvic 
Canal" (Am. Jnl. Obst., 1908) ; etc. Dr. McLean was also the first 
to discover the antiseptic use of Iodine in surgery, making 
the first special presentation of this substance as a special antiseptic, 
and has written various papers on the subject from 1884 to date. He 
is a member and former vice-president of the American Gynecological 
Society, a member of the New York Academy of Medicine, the New 
York State Medical Society, the County Medical Society, the Harlem 
Medical Association, of which he was once president, also a member 
and former president of the New York Obstetrical Society. Fra- 
ternally he is a past master of Bunting Lodge, No. 655, Free and 
Accepted Masons, a member of the Quogue (Long Island) Country 
Club, the New York Archery Club, and the Protestant Episcopal 
church. 
On April 14, 1875, Dr. McLean married Mary P. Jewett, a daughter 
of George W. and Helen C. Jewett, of New York. Their children are: 
Alfred J., Helen and Donald. 
A/TAX GUSTAV SCHLAPP, M.D., eminent specialist in Neuropath- 
1 1 ology, occupies a foremost place among New York medical men. 
A profound student of mental and nervous diseases, and having en- 
joyed unusual advantages for research and observation in attendance BIOGRAPHICAL 
201 
at clinics and lectures in famous medical centers abroad, Dr. Schlapp 
entered upon the practice of his specialty with an exceptional equip- 
ment of learning and skill. Whether as physician and specialist, or 
as an instructor in medical colleges, or as an author and as champion 
of medical legislation, and an important factor in medical institu- 
tions, Dr. Schlapp is characterized by abilities of a high order. 
Dr. Max G. Schlapp has gained a high standing among the able 
physicians and surgeons of the American Metropolis, a fact all the 
more creditable by reason that his opportunities for early training 
were not so favorable as those enjoyed by the majority of the leading 
physicians of to-day, having been confined to the public school at 
Fort Madison, Iowa. It was not intended that the son should enter 
professional life, and while still not much more than a lad he entered 
the employ of the Sect Wine Company of Koehler Brothers, where he 
remained for one year, afterwards entering the employ of P. P. 
Mast & Company, wholesale dealers in agricultural implements at 
Peoria, Illinois, and was afterwards in the employ of George Moore 
& Company, a branch of Kingman & Company, of Peoria. While 
employed at that place he made the friendship of Dr. Paul Dom- 
browski, a physician and oculist, and later entered his office as 
assistant. He afterwards entered upon a scientific course in Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College. He subsequently spent two years as a 
special student in Cornell University Medical College, and then went 
abroad. After completing the regular course in medicine at the 
University of Heidelberg in 1894, he entered the University of Ber- 
lin, from which he graduated summa cum laude in 1896. He after- 
wards furthered his studies under the preceptorship of Professor 
Frederick Jolly, the eminent authority of mental diseases, and while 
undertaking independent research was also for two years volunteer 
assistant at the Koenigliche Klinik of the Charite Hospital, Berlin. 
Returning to New York in 1899, Dr. Schlapp became connected with 
the New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital, as assistant 
to Dr. Barnard Sachs, and in 1900 was appointed instructor in neu- 
ropathology at Cornell University, subsequently becoming assistant 
Professor of Neuropathology. For a time he was also Clinical Pro- 
fessor of Nervous Diseases at Fordham University and consulting 
physician to Fordham Hospital. For ten years Dr. Schlapp was chief 
of clinic for nervous and mental diseases in Presbyterian Hospital, 
and in 1911 joined the faculty of the New York Post-Graduate Medi- 
cal School and Hospital as Professor of Neuropathology. 
Dr. Schlapp was psychiatrist to the Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Children, and an authority on sociological influences af- 
fecting mental and nervous diseases, and has written much on 
the subject. In the field of authorship, Dr. Schlapp's writings cover 
a broad field, though mainly upon nervous and mental diseases, some 
of his important contributions to medical literature being as follows: 
"The Enemy at the Gate," which has reference to the feminist movement, 
published in the Outlook, April 6, 1912 and excited wide comment and drew from 
the editors of the "Outlook" a three-column editorial; "Der Zellenbau der 202 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Grosshirnrinde des Affen Macacus Cynomolgus, " publiahed in. 1898; "A 
Ascending Myllomalacia caused by a Progressing Venous Thrombosis " (1906); 
"Syringomyelia, with Partial Macrosomia" (1906); "Syringomyelia with 
Hypertrophy and Atrophy" (1910); "Hysterical Mutism" (1903); "Anomalous 
General Paralysis" (1903); "Lead Palsy and Trauma" (1903); "Subcortical 
Tumor" (1903); "The Microscopic Structure of Cortical Areas in Man and 
some Mammals" (1902-03); "A Neuroepithelioma Developing from a Central 
Gliosis, after an Operation on the Spinal Cord" (1911); and as co-author with 
Dr. J. J. Walsh, he also contributed the following: "A Complete Case of 
Syringomelia" (1904); "Subcortical Cyst and Fibroma, due to Trauma Pro- 
ducing Jacksonian Epilepsy, cured by Operation" (1904); and "Myasthenia 
Gravis" (1910). 
The difference in histological structure of the cerebral cortex of 
the brain demonstrated by him have been used as the means of locat- 
ing the functions of the different cerebral regions. "Because of his 
exceptional technical equipment and rare combination of insight, hu- 
man sympathy and public interest, ' ' using the language of the direc- 
tor of schools, Dr. Schlapp was engaged to make a survey of the 
problem of mental deficiency in the public schools of Milwaukee, the 
result of his survey having been published and widely circulated 
among educators as a text book of authority on the subject, and has 
delivered numerous addresses and read many papers on subjects kin- 
dred thereto as follows: 
"An Economic and Social Study of Feeble Minded Women," reported in the 
(Med. Rec., 1914), "Recent Progress in Dealing with Feeble Minded and 
Mentally Defective Dependent Children," read before the State Charities Con- 
ference, Utica, N. Y., 1915; "The Mentally Defective Cases in the Courts of 
New York City," "The Clearing House for Mental Defectives" (Med. Rec., 
1914); "Available Fields for Research and Prevention in Mental Deficiency," 
a paper read at the National Conference of Charities and Corrections at Balti- 
more, Md., 1915; "Occlusion of the Aqueduct of Sybius in relation to Internal 
Hydrocepalus, " presented in the department of Pathology, Cornell University 
Medical College; report on 10,000 cases from the Clearing House for Mental 
Defectives (Med. Rec., 1918); "Theoretical Considerations of Mental Deficiency" 
(Med. Rec., 1918). 
Dr. Schlapp was a member of a commission appointed by Gover- 
nor Glynn to investigate and recommend a policy for caring for the 
mentally deficient in the State, an appropriation of ten thousand 
dollars having been made for the purpose, the report of this com- 
mission being made the basis for legislation that was framed; was 
instrumental in securing legislation requiring three physicians to be 
assigned to the Children's Courts in New York. Dr. Schlapp is a 
member of the American Pathological and Bacteriological Associa- 
tion, the New York Academy of Medicine, the Medical Society of the 
State of New York, also the County Association, the New York Neu- 
rological Society, and the New York Pathological Society. 
IMBANK CANFIELD HOLLISTER, M.D., successful physician of 
* New York City, and able specialist of internal medicine, was 
born in Greenwich, Fairfield county, Connecticut, June 14, 1866, the 
son of Philander Hatch and Anna (Canfield) Hollister. He is in BIOGRAPHICAL 
203 
direct lineal descent from Lieutenant John Hollister, who came to 
America from England in 1640, was one of the founders of Wethers- 
field, Connecticut, and later held various offices in the Connecticut 
Colony. His son, Stephen Hollister, became a captain in the Colonial 
Army, and the subsequent generations from that to the present of 
the Hollister family have held honorable, and in some instances 
prominent, connection with the affairs of the State of Connecticut. 
Philander H. Hollister, father of Frank C. Hollister, was in the 
ministry of the Congregational church, and was a veteran of the 
Civil War, having been present at the capture of Richmond, in his 
capacity of chaplain to the forces. 
Frank Canfield Hollister received much of his early education from 
his father, and he subsequently attended the high school at Green- 
wich, Connecticut, proceeding in 1882 to the Williston Seminary, 
Easthampton, Massachusetts, where he remained for three years, grad- 
uating therefrom in 1885. In 1887 he came to New York City and be- 
came a medical student at the Bellevue Medical College (which now is 
known as the medical department of the New York University), 
pursuing the course of lectures and giving intelligent attention to the 
clinical side of the studies until in 1890 he was able to graduate and 
be awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
Although entitled to enter immediately into the private practice 
of medicine, Dr. Hollister considered his later efficiency as a physician 
would be bettered by the wide knowledge he would obtain in a post- 
graduate course at one of the large city hospitals, therefore he post- 
poned the opening of an office and attached himself to the house staff 
of Bellevue Hospital, where he remained for two and a half years, 
and his heavy and varied practical work during this period gave him 
confidence and an intimate knowledge of the practice of medicine. 
He also was able to undertake much research during his interneship, 
his special study having been in the direction of internal medicine, 
in which branch of medical science he ultimately gained notable 
success. 
Entering into private practice in New York City, in 1893, he formed 
professional association with Dr. George B. Fowler, Health Commis- 
sioner of New York City, which partnership continued effectively 
until 1908, when Dr. Hollister established himself in individual prac- 
tice in New York City, since which time his clientele steadily in- 
creased until it reached the point at which it demanded all his time. 
Consequently, he has not been able to maintain staff connection with 
many New York hospitals. In his early years of practice he was 
active and successful as an educator, for some time having been 
identified with the faculty of the New York Post-Graduate Medical 
School, as instructor thereat, and for three years instructor at the 
New York Polyclinic Medical College. During his association with 
the medical fraternity of New York City, Dr. Hollister has been 
attending physician to the Gouverneur and Elizabeth hospitals, at- 
tending physician of outdoor poor department of Bellevue Hospital, 
and also assistant visiting physician to Bellevue Hospital. 204 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Dr. Hollister belongs to the American Medical Association, the 
Medical Society of the State of New York, the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science, the New York Academy of Medi- 
cine, of which he is a fellow, the New York County Medical Associa- 
tion, and the Alumni Association of Bellevue Hospital. Dr. Hol- 
lister holds membership in the Colonial Club, and is an enthusiastic 
autoist; in fact, was one of the founders of the Automobile Club of 
America. 
On October 15, 1896, Dr. Hollister married Elaine, daughter of 
William F. Shirley, retired banker of New York City. To them 
have been born two children, Frank and Gloria. Their New York 
City residence is at No. 264 West Seventy-seventh Street, where also 
is Dr. Hollister's office. 
TJARLOW BROOKS, M.D., Specialist in Pathology and Clinical 
1 1 Medicine, member of the faculty of the New York University for 
twenty years, and Professor of Clinical Medicine of that institution, 
was born in Medo, Minnesota, March 31, 1871, a son of Daniel 
Walker and Katherine (Riley) Brooks. Dr. Brooks comes of an 
ancient and honorable Colonial family in this country, his ancestors 
having participated in the wars of that time. 
Harlow Brooks received his elementary education in the public 
schools of Minnesota, and graduated from the High School of 
Mapleton, in that State. Later he went West, where he entered the 
University of Oregon, working during the summers in the engineer- 
ing force of the Union Pacific Railway system, and while there gained 
a love of the West and things western. He afterwards entered the 
University of Michigan Medical College, where he graduated with 
the class of 1895, receiving the degree of M.D., and having in the 
meantime been appointed Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. Soon 
thereafter he went to Europe to engage in further research and 
study, taking a post-graduate course in medicine at the University 
of Freiburg, I. B., and at the Polyclinic, Munich, Bavaria, where 
he had as preceptors men of international note in medical centers. 
Returning to New York Dr. Brooks was appointed an instructor of 
Histology and Embryology in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
1895-98, and in the latter year was appointed instructor and Assistant 
Professor of Pathology and Spl. Pathology at the New York Uni- 
versity until 1900, when he became Assistant Professor of Clinical 
Medicine, advancing to the chair of Clinical Medicine in 1912, in 
which he has since remained. For a number of years he has been 
engaged in the private practice of his profession in New York City. 
Dr. Brooks is visiting physician to the City and Montefiore hospitals, 
consulting physician to the Union, Caledonian and Beth Israel hos- 
pitals of New York, the New London Memorial Hospital, and the 
Greenwich Hospital, both of Connecticut. He is also consulting phy- 
sician to the Ossining Hospital, New York, and consulting pathol- 
ogist to the Hackensack and Muhlenberg hospitals. During the 
Spanish-American War Dr. Brooks served as civilian physician of BIOGRAPHICAL 
205 
the United States Army, 1898-99, and as a member of the Seventh 
Regiment National Guard of the State of New York, which military 
organization he joined in 1899, and of which he was for ten years 
assistant surgeon and captain. He was subsequently assigned to the 
medical corps, National Guard, New York, and advanced to the rank 
of lieutenant-colonel and division surgeon. His services were 
promptly volunteered at the declaration of war with Germany, and 
he is now serving as Major and Chief of Medical Service in the Base 
Hospital, 77th Division, United States Army. 
In the field of authorship, Dr. Brooks has contributed much to 
medical literature that has been of interest and value to his profes- 
sion. Among his writings are numerous monographs and studies on 
medical, zoological and biological subjects, dealing with circulatory 
disorders and subjects of internal interest, contributed to leading 
medical publications. 
Dr. Brooks is a member of the following organizations: New York 
Pathological Society, of which he is trustee; Association of American 
Physicians; American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists; 
American Association of Gastro-Enterologists; American Medical 
Association; Medical Society of the State of New York; New York 
Academy of Medicine; New York County Medical Association; 
Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine; the Harvey Society, 
the Alumni Society of the New York City and Knickerbocker hos- 
pitals, and the Phi Alpha Sigma fraternity. He is also a Fellow in 
Science of the New York Zoological Society, a member of the American 
Academy of Science, the Century Association, New York Athletic, 
Camp Fire of America, and Explorers' clubs. Dr. Brooks has been 
deeply interested since childhood in explorations, big-game hunt- 
ing and photography, and most of his recreation time has been spent 
in the wilds indulging in these pursuits, though he has also found 
time to study chamber music and interest himself in American art. 
On June 14, 1899, Dr. Brooks was married to Louise Dudley Davis, 
of Maplewood, New Jersey. They have one child, Ruth Walper 
Brooks. 
VVILLIAM ROBERT BROUGHTON, A.B., M.D., Fellow of the 
' ' American College of Surgeons, a New York City Ophthalmolo- 
gist of extensive practice, ophthalmological surgeon to St. Joseph's 
Asylum, New York, and to many other hospitals, was born in New 
York City, November 3, 1866, the son of John Glover and Eliza 
(Gray) Broughton. 
William R. Broughton took the High School course at Bloomfield, 
New Jersey, after which he entered Williams College, and grad- 
uated in 1887 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In June, 1890, he 
graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 
(Columbia University), with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. After 
post-graduate work in various hospitals he devoted his time exclu- 
sively to ophthalmology and nervous diseases, and was associated for 
years with the late Dr. Ambrose L. Ranney. In June, 1890, Dr. 206 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Broughton received licenses to practice medicine in the States of New 
York, New Jersey, and has since been in very active practice, exclu- 
sively as an ophthalmological surgeon. His present hospital appoint- 
ments includes the following: Ophthalmologist to St. Joseph's Or- 
phan Asylum, New York; ophthalmologist to the Children's Home, 
Montclair, New Jersey; consulting ophthalmological surgeon to the 
Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, New Jersey. With all of these 
hospitals he has been officially connected for many years. 
Besides holding fellowship in the American College of Surgeons, 
Dr. Broughton also is a Fellow of the New York Academy of Medi- 
cine, a member of the American Medical Association, the Medical 
Society of the State of New York, the Medical Society of the State 
of New Jersey, the New York County Medical Society, the Essex 
County, New Jersey, Medical Association, and of the New Jersey 
State Commission for the Blind. 
Dr. Broughton married, October 20, 1897, Jennie Brittan Morris, 
of Bloomfield, New Jersey. They have one child, Ruth Morris 
Broughton, born September 17, 1902. 
JOHN VAN DOREN YOUNG, M.D., well-regarded physician of 
New York City, and a gynecological specialist of many important 
successes in his generation of professional labor as gynecologist of 
St. Luke's, Polyclinic and St. Elizabeth's hospitals, New York City, 
was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1864. 
The Young family originated in Scotland, from whence its main 
branch migrated to the northern part of Ireland during religious 
disturbances of the seventeenth century, and there remained for many 
generations. Its members chiefly followed the profession of medicine, 
John Van Doren Young being in the fourth generation from William 
Young, who was a prominent physician in Ireland, as was also his 
son, Charles Hamilton Young, who came to this country in 1820, 
and established himself in practice at Cold Spring-on-the-Hudson, 
maintaining himself in professional occupation thereat until his 
death. 
Dr. John Young, father of Dr. John Van Doren Young, will be 
remembered by many of the older physicians of New York City and 
State. He was a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
of New York, in the class of 1844, and for twelve years thereafter 
engaged in medical practice at Cold Spring-on-the-Hudson, removing 
then to New York City, where for eleven years he was active as a 
member of the city medical fraternity, his office having been in the 
Astor House. In 1867, he retired to the less arduous life of a country 
physician, finding pleasure in the exercise of his profession at Fish- 
kill-on-the-Hudson, and later at Cold Spring-on-the-Hudson, and at 
Garrison, New York. 
John Van Doren Young, son of John and Mary Jeanette (Garrison) 
Young, received elementary education at private and public schools 
of Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, later proceeding to the Newburg Academy, 
Newburg, New York, graduating therefrom in 1881. His future- BIOGRAPHICAL 
207 
career was the subject of much discussion at that time, but it was 
eventually decided that he should enter the realm of finance; ac- 
cordingly, John Van Doren Young's first activity, after the close of 
his school days, centered around the financial world of New York 
City. He entered a Wall Street broker's office, and therein followed 
financial markets for two and a half years. By that time, however, 
he had become convinced that the profession of his father and 
ancestors would be more suited to his temperament, and so, having 
matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, 
Columbia University, in 1885, he earnestly entered upon the three- 
year course in medicine at that well-known medical college, eventually 
graduating with the class of 1888, and being awarded the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine in that year, thus becoming entitled to enter gen- 
eral practice immediately. However, before doing so, Dr. Young 
passed a year and a half in useful practical work as interne of St. 
Luke's Hospital, New York, and also applied himself to a year's 
close study of comparative anatomy, under the preceptorship of Pro- 
fessor Huntington. In 1889 he became a member of the resident 
medical staff of the Nursery and Child's Hospital, and the following 
year established himself in office for private practice at No. 24 West 
Forty-first Street, New York City, removing three years later to No. 
60 West Seventy-sixth Street, at which address he continued in office 
until 1903, when he removed to his present address, No. 171 West 
Seventy-first Street. 
Dr. Young has, by his understanding of medicine and by careful 
observance of the highest duties pf his profession, developed an ex- 
tensive private practice and a worthy repute. He has also, during a 
generation of professional connection with medicine in New York 
City, undertaken many important hospital and educational labors 
within the city; he was for many years assistant in gynecology at the 
New York Hospital; was clinical assistant in the class of diseases of 
children at the Presbyterian Hospital; was assistant in general medi- 
cine at the Vanderbilt Clinic; wras for two and a half years assistant 
in gynecology at the Vanderbilt Clinic; was chief in gynecology at 
St. Luke's Hospital for more than a decade, and at present is gyne- 
cologist to Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital, New York City, 
having held the appointment for many years, and consulting gynae- 
cologist to the Hackensack Hospital. 
Resulting from his research and experiments, combined with knowl- 
edge gained by extensive and varied practice, Dr. Young has been 
able to place into writing many articles of merit and value to the 
medical profession. Among his published works may be mentioned: 
"Eclampsia" and "Illustrative Cases of Uterine Fibroids." He is 
the author of "Plastic Surgery on the Tubes and Ovaries," "The 
Midwife Problem in the State of New York," "Choice of Method for 
the Relief of Retroversion and Retroflection," "Gynaecology in the 
Young," "Value of Local Treatment in Gynaecological Cases," 
"Sacral Suspension of the Uterus, a New Technique, 1909," "Tech- 
nique in Gynaecology," "Sacral Suspension of the Uterus" (1915), 208 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
"Birth Trauma," etc. The greater part of Dr. Young's work has 
been devoted to the study of retro positions of the uterus, especially 
pathologic mechanical retroversion and the perfection of the operation 
of Sacral Suspension. 
Dr. Young is affiliated with the following medical societies: The 
American Medical Association, the Medical Society of the State of 
New York, the New York County Medical Society, the Alumni Asso- 
ciation of St. Luke's Hospital, the West End Medical Society, and 
the Hospital Graduates' Club. He has been secretary of the Physi- 
cians' Mutual Aid Association, and is a fellow of the New York 
Academy of Medicine, and of the New York Obstetrical Society. He 
is a member of F. A. C. S., Medical Editors' Association, Medico 
Surgical Society, and Polyclinic Clinical Society. Dr. Young was 
secretary of the Medical Society of the County of New York for 
eighteen and one-half years, and was editor of the ' ' Annals of Gynae- 
cology and Pediatry." 
AUSTIN FLINT, Jr., Master of Arts of Princeton University, 
Doctor of Medicine of Bellevue Hospital Medical College, fellow 
of the American College of Surgeons, Professor of Obstetrics and 
Clinical Professor of Gynecology at the Medical College of New York 
University since 1898, and a leading obstetrical surgeon of New York 
City, continues with distinction a name which from the early Colonial 
days has maintained prominent and honored connection with the 
history of American medicine. Edward Flint, great-great-great- 
grandfather of Dr. Austin Flint, Jr., was a physician of Shrewsbury, 
Massachusetts, who served in the Revolutionary Army and was at 
the Battle of Bunker Hill; the next generation gave to American 
medicine, Austin Flint, who also served in the Army and was present 
at the surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga. He was born 
in 1740, and practised medicine in Massachusetts, latterly in Leices- 
ter, Massachusetts, where he died in 1850, aged ninety years. His 
son, Joseph Hensaw Flint, was a surgeon of Northampton and Spring- 
field, Massachusetts. His son, Austin Flint, grandfather of the 
Austin Flint of present New York City and State Medical associa- 
tions, was born in Petersham, Massachusetts, October 20, 1812, and in 
due course entered the profession of medicine by graduating at the 
medical department of Harvard University in 1833. Three years 
later he began the practice of medicine in New York State, and 
this continued for half a century and embraced many notable inci- 
dents in the history of New York medicine. The Buffalo Medical 
Journal was founded by him in 1846; in the following year, 1847, 
he, in association with Professors White and Hamilton, founded the 
Buffalo Medical College, an institution in which for many years he 
held professorial capacity. In 1861 he joined with others in found- 
ing the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, and also 
became Professor of the Practice of Medicine, continuing until his 
death in 1886. In 1872 he was elected president of the New York BIOGRAPHICAL 
209 
Academy of Medicine, and during his active career enriched American 
medical literature by many important works from his pen. 
His son, the late Austin Flint, father of Dr. Austin Flint, Jr., held 
even more distinguished connection with the history of medicine in 
New York. An eminent authority on physiology, he did much to 
advance this science, and was Professor of Physiology at many medical 
colleges during his active career. The colleges of New York State, 
to the faculties of which he belonged at different times, were: Buffalo, 
Bellevue and Cornell. He was one of the founders of the famous 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and was Professor of Physiology 
thereat, from its inception in 1861 until its amalgamation in 1898 with 
the Medical College of New York University. As an expert on physi- 
ology he was internationally known, on one occasion, in 1862, in rec- 
ognition of his valuable discoveries in relation to the excretory func- 
tions of the liver, Dr. Flint was voted an award of fifteen hundred 
francs by the French Academy of Sciences. Later he came into 
international prominence among medical scientists by reason of an 
elaborate review he published in 1869 of the history of the discovery 
of the motor and sensory properties of the roots of the spinal nerves, 
which event started a discussion that found place in the pages of 
medical journals of many countries. Dr. Flint was a voluminous 
writer for some years; he edited the Buffalo Medical Journal, which 
was founded by his father, and eventually was merged into the 
American Medical Monthly. One of the works of which Dr. Flint 
was the author was the "Physiology of Man," published in five vol- 
umes of five hundred pages each, the first in 1866 and the fifth in 
1874. Another large work was his "Text-book of Human Physiol- 
ogy." In 1875 he became surgeon-general of the State of New York, 
appointed by Governor Tilden and re-appointed by the succeeding 
Governor, Lucius Robinson. 
Austin Flint, Jr., son of the last-named Austin Flint, was born at 
Ballston, New York, July 30, 1868. After preliminary education, 
privately obtained, and in the private schools of New York City, he 
entered Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, where he was 
prepared for college, receiving the honorary degree of A.M. eight 
years later from Princeton University. He returned to New York 
City and entered upon a course of medical study at the Bellevue Hos- 
pital Medical College, of which his father was one of the founders. 
In 1889 he graduated therefrom, having gained the title to the medi- 
cal degree which admitted him to the profession. During a portion 
of 1889 and the whole of 1890, Dr. Austin Flint was an interne of 
Bellevue Hospital, and in his capacity of house physician thereof 
gained considerable practical experience during that period. 
Dr. Flint took up the special study of obstetrics and gynecology 
and applied himself to extensive research along these lines. He did 
much post-graduate work in the Women's Hospital of the State of 
New York, and has since received many important hospital appoint- 
ments. In 1891 he was appointed visiting physician to the Midwifery 
Dispensary of the Lying-in Hospital of New York, and in the same 210 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
year became assistant visiting physician to Bellevue Hospital and 
similarly connected with the Emergency Hospital. In 1895 he was 
advanced at the Bellevue Hospital, becoming visiting gynecologist to 
the institution, since which year he has acted as such thereto. In 
1898 he secured an appointment to the staff of the New York Ma- 
ternity Hospitals as consulting obstetrical physician, a responsibility 
he has since continuously undertaken. In 1901 he became visiting 
physician to the Hospital of the Ruptured and Crippled; later being 
appointed consulting physician thereto, and as such he is still identi- 
fied with the medical staff of the institution. In 1905 Dr. Flint be- 
came visiting obstetrical physician to the Manhattan Maternity Hos- 
pital and Dispensary, and as such is still connected therewith. He 
also has for many years been attending surgeon to the Women's Hos- 
pital in the State of New York, so that, as a whole, his hospital con- 
nections indicate that Dr. Flint stands well as a gynecological and 
obstetrical physician in the City of New York. 
Not only in the practical side of medical activities has Dr. Flint 
been prominent; he has been an educator of marked ability and suc- 
cess for more than twenty years, having undertaken professorial 
labors at the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College since 
1891, when he was appointed lecturer in the class of Obstetrics, and 
in 1895 advanced to the chair of obstetrics thereat, and also be- 
came Clinical Professor of Gynecology, as well as Professor of Obstet- 
rics. As such Dr. Flint has had unbroken connection with the medical 
faculty of New York University since that year. 
As might be expected from a scientist of such learning, accom- 
plishments and experiences, Dr. Flint has on many occasions con- 
tributed to periodical medical literature many important brochures, 
monographs and the like upon matters relating to his research and 
practice. He is author of the following: 
"Observations on Pelvic Deformities" (read before N. Y. State Med. Asso., 
Oct. 16, 1895); "Deformed Pelvis" (pub. in Bulletin Society Lying-in Hos- 
pital, 1896 or 1897); "A Statistical Study of Version" (pub. in Bulletin 
Society Lying-in Hospital, 1896 or 1897) ; "Statistical Report of Forceps Opera- 
tion" (pub. in Bulletin Society Lying-in Hospital, 1896 or 1897); "Management 
of Normal Labor, Including the Use of Forceps" (N. Y. State Med. Asso., Oct. 
16, 1900); "Hygiene and Management of Pregnancy" (pub. in N. Y. Med. 
Jour., June 13, 1908); "Management of the Puerperium from a Surgical Stand- 
point" (pub. in Amer. Jour, of Obstetrics, Vol. LVIII, No. 1, 1908); "A case 
of Left-sided Appendicitis" (pub. in Bulletin Woman's Hospital, 1912); "The 
Muscle Operation for the Repair of Lacerations of the Perineum" (pub. in 
Bulletin Woman's Hospital, 1913); " Retrodisplacements of the Uterus follow- 
in Confinement" (pub. in Amer. Jour, of Obstetrics, Vol. LXX, No. 1, page 1. 
Read before the Meeting of the New York Obstetrical Society, April 14, 1914) ; 
"Some Problems in Gynecology" (pub. in Amer. Jour, of Obstetrics, April, 
1918); "Conservative and Radical Methods of Treatment in Obstetrics" (read 
before Tri-State Med. Soc., Aug. 22, 1918). 
Dr. Flint's present office address is No. 16 West Fifty-fourth Street, 
New York City. Dr. Flint married, in 1895, at New York, Marion 
Wing, of New York, daughter of John D. Wing, of New York City. 
They have one daughter, Adelaide. BIOGRAPHICAL 
211 
A RPAD GEYZA CHARLES GERSTER, M.D., F.A.C.S., well re- 
garded and successful as a surgeon in New York City, M.D., 
Ch.D., and O.M., of Vienna University, and a fellow of the American 
College of Surgeons, was born in Kassa, Hungary, on December 22, 
1848, the son of Nicholas and Caroline (Schmidt-Adamkovich) 
Gerster. 
The family was of good standing in the vicinity, and the son, Arpad 
G. C. Gerster, was afforded a good education, both in classics and 
science, and after graduating at the Kassa Gymnasium he proceeded 
to Vienna University, where he became a student of medicine, during 
his undergraduateship indefatigably applying himself to the study, 
both theoretical and practical, and benefiting much by clinical ob- 
servations and work. As a student he distinguished himself, gaining 
many honors, and ultimately becoming the possessor of the degrees of 
M.D. (Doctor of Medicine), Ch.D. (Doctor of Surgery), and O.M. 
(Master of Obstetrics), of the University of Vienna, these distinctions, 
being conferred upon him in 1872. During the years 1872 and 1873, 
Dr. Gerster was a surgeon in the Austrian Army, and in 1874 came to 
the United States, settling in Brooklyn, New York, where he estab- 
lished himself in general practice, continuing his practice in Brooklyn 
until 1877, when he removed to New York City. In 1878 he was ap- 
pointed visiting surgeon to the German Hospital, New York, and in the 
following year occupied a like capacity at the Mt. Sinai Hospital, New 
York; in 1882 he was invited to become a member of the faculty of 
the New York Polyclinic Medical School, as Professor of Surgery 
thereat, an educational connection he maintained with much dis- 
tinction to himself until 1894, since which time his extensive private 
practice as a consulting surgeon has taken most of his time, though 
he has held to his hospital appointments. At present he is consulting 
surgeon to the German Hospital, the Mt. Sinai Hospital, and th$ 
Isabel Heim, so that he has held continuous professional connection 
with the German Hospital for thirty-eight years, and with the Mt. 
Sinai Hospital for thirty-seven years. 
As a writer Dr. Gerster has contributed much to the medical 
journals of the United States, and his contributions on surgical sub- 
jects have been followed with interest by professional men. He is 
the author of ' ' Rules of Aseptic and Antiseptic Surgery, ' ' which was 
published in 1888 and well received. Many professional organizations 
hold Dr. Gerster as a member, and in many of them he has had honors 
conferred upon him by his confreres, among which may be mentioned 
that of his election to the presidency of the American Surgical Asso- 
ciation, in 1911-12, and his election to fellowship of the American Col- 
lege of Surgeons. Dr. Gerster is identified with the following asso- 
ciations : The New York Academy of Medicine; the American Surgical 
Association; the German Surgical Association, Berlin; the Surgical 
Society of New York; the Royal Medical Society, Budapest, of which 
he is corresponding member; the Medical Society of the State of New 
York; the New York County Medical Association, and the Century 212 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Club. Dr. Gerster's office is at No. 34 East Seventy-fifth Street, New 
York City. 
On December 14, 1875, Dr. Gerster was married to Anna Bernard 
Wynne, of Cincinnati, Ohio. To them was born John C. A., Novem- 
ber 27, 1881. 
T) OSWELL PARK.-The late Dr.Roswell Park, an eminent surgeon, 
a versatile yet profound toiler in scientific research, a writer, 
whose fame conferred distinction upon the home of his adoption, 
Buffalo, New York, a generous friend and constant and tireless cham- 
pion of the University of Buffalo, and a public-spirited citizen, was 
of the ninth generation in America of an ancient family, which 
appears to have come into England with William the Conqueror. 
Sir Robert Parke, the first of the family in America, was born in 
Preston, England, in 1580. He immigrated into Massachusetts in 
1630, but soon after moved to Connecticut, of which State many of 
his numerous descendants have been natives. Other ancestors were 
Elder Brewster, of "Mayflower" fame; Henry Baldwin, a native of 
Devonshire, who in 1640 appears to have been a signer of the 
Town Order of Woburn, Massachusetts, and Colonel Loammi Baldwin, 
who was a personal friend of Count Rumford and a co-worker with 
him in scientific experiments. Six generations of the Park family 
have had a Roswell, and the son of Dr. Park has the distinction of 
being the seventh to bear this name. 
The Park family has been notable for scholarly and literary quali- 
ties. The church, the academy and the army have chiefly engaged 
the Parks through several generations, and all three of these callings 
entered into the life-work of the Rev. Roswell Park, D.D., father of 
Dr. Park, of this review. Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1807, he 
later removed to New York State, was a student of Hamilton College, 
then was appointed a cadet at West Point, and was graduated at the 
head of his class in 1831; immediately afterwards he acquired the 
degree of B.A. from Union College and was elected a member of the 
Phi Beta Kappa. He was commissioned a lieutenant in the engineer 
corps of the army, in which for several years he served in the develop- 
ment of Fort Adams, Fort Warren, and the Delaware Breakwater. 
In 1836 he resigned and was appointed Professor of Chemistry and 
Natural Philosophy in the University of Pennsylvania. After several 
years of successful work there, he retired from his chair to take 
orders in the Episcopal church. He removed to Woburn, Connecti- 
cut, where he was rector of the parish and where he established a 
private school. He also resided in Pomfret, Connecticut, and after a 
sojourn in Europe, he took up his abode at Racine, Wisconsin, where 
he soon after founded Racine College, and was the president from 
1852 to 1859. He was rector of St. Luke's Church in Racine from 
1856 to 1863, then removed to Chicago, Illinois, to become head of 
Immanuel Hall, where he remained until his death in 1869. He mar- 
ried Mary Brewster Baldwin, whose death occurred in 1854. 
Dr. Roswell Park was born in Pomfret, Connecticut, May 4, 1852, BIOGRAPHICAL 
213 
and shortly after the death of his mother was placed in the care of 
his uncle, Dr. Lewis Williams, at Pomfret. For two years he was a 
pupil at the grammar school connected with Racine College, Racine, 
Wisconsin, and then removed with his father to Chicago, and was a 
student at Immanuel Hall until the death of his father, when he 
entered Racine College, from which he received the degree of B.A. 
in 1872, and M.A. in 1875. Early in life he evinced a natural apti- 
tude for the mechanical arts and handicraft, and when little more 
than a child he assisted his father in preparation for chemical dem- 
onstrations in teaching, and his proficiency in chemistry had a very 
practical foundation. After taking his degree at Racine, he returned 
to Chicago, and for one year taught at Immanuel Hall. He then 
entered the medical department of Northwestern University, from 
which institution he received the degree of M.D. in 1876. He began 
his service as interne and house physician at Cook County Hospital, 
and devoted the available time to visiting other hospitals and to work 
in morbid anatomy. In 1879 he became demonstrator of anatomy in 
the Women's Medical College of Chicago, and in the following year 
he became Adjunct Professor of Anatomy in the medical department 
of Northwestern University, which position, three years later, he 
resigned to study in Europe, visiting Germany, France and Austria. 
While in Europe, he was made lecturer on surgery in Rush Medical 
College, and attending surgeon at the Michael Reese Hospital, 
Chicago. Other appointments came, and in 1892 Lake Forest Uni- 
versity accorded him the honorary degree of M.D. On June 23, 1883, 
Dr. Park was made Professor of Surgery in the University of Buffalo, 
and shortly thereafter surgeon to the Buffalo General Hospital. He 
received many flattering calls to fill great places in other cities, but 
such was his loyalty to the university which called him to Buffalo that 
he declined all honors. He accepted an invitation to lecture at the 
Army Medical School at Washington, having been appointed hon- 
orary Professor of Surgery there, and served by President Roosevelt's 
appointment as one of the Board of Visitors at West Point Military 
Academy, thus betraying a long-continued interest in military affairs. 
When the Medical Reserve Corps was constituted he was naturally one 
of the first surgeons to receive appointment in this branch of the 
army. Dr. Park was the first and so far the only man to serve as 
surgeon-in-chief at the Buffalo General Hospital. One great aim of 
his life, to know the nature of cancer, was fated not to be realized, 
although he strove hard to attain it. This led to the establishment, 
first in the University of Buffalo, of the Gratwick Laboratory, which 
became in 1911 the New York State Laboratory and Hospital for the 
Study of Malignant Diseases. 
In 1892 Dr. Park gave at Philadelphia the Mutter Lectures on 
"Surgical Pathology," published as a volume, a contribution of last- 
ing importance to the medical profession. In 1895 he contributed a 
monograph of three hundred pages on the ' ' Surgery of the Head and 
Brain"; in 1897 a well-known text-book on the "History of Medi- 
cine," based on lectures delivered during 1893 in the University of 214 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Buffalo. He was the editor of and principal contributor to a two- 
volume text-book, "Surgery by American Authors," 1896 (three 
editions), and not long after a large text-book, his magnum opus, on 
"General Surgery." Besides these he wrote for encyclopedias of 
surgery, pathology and therapeutics enduring monographs, and con- 
tributed extensively to current medical literature. Some of the best 
of his shorter essays, philosophic and historic in nature, are to be 
found in his book, "The Evil Eye and Other Essays" (1913, with a 
second edition in 1914). In 1901 the Pan-American Exposition at 
Buffalo took place, and Dr. Park was made medical director of the 
Exposition, of its sanitation, its hospitals, and its medical staff. The 
International Congress on School Hygiene convened in Buffalo in the 
summer of 1913, and Dr. Park was the chairman of the committee of 
arrangements. He was much interested in and president of the 
Medical Society of the State of New York; president of the Ameri- 
can Surgical Association; a member of the French Society of Surgery, 
the German Congress of Surgeons, the Italian Surgical Society, and 
various other foreign associations, having been also the chairman of 
the American committee of the International Society of Surgery, at 
the meetings of which, in Brussels, he was seldom absent and often 
contributed. In 1895 he received from Harvard University the hon- 
orary degree of M.A., and in 1902, Yale University, of which one of his 
ancestors was a founder, conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. He 
was brigade surgeon in the National Guard, holding the rank of 
major. Dr. Park married, in 1880, Martha Prudence Durkee, of 
Chicago, Illinois, who died in 1899. They were the parents of two 
sons: Roswell, who is president of Park, Harrison & Thomas, Buffalo, 
New York; Julian, Professor of History in the University of Buffalo. 
Dr. Park died February 15, 1914. 
By the sudden death of Roswell Park, M.D., M.A., LL.D., the University of 
Buffalo loses far more than can adequately be expressed in the words of a brief, 
formal appreciation, such as this tribute of respect must be. It is not for us so 
much to measure Dr. Park's high service in this community as a public-spirited 
citizen, as a versatile yet profound toiler in scientific research, or as a writer 
whose world wide fame has conferred distinction upon the home of his adoption, 
as to recognize and declare the great debt the University of Buffalo owes him as 
its loyal and generous friend and as its constant and tireless champion. He 
shared our vicissitudes and aspirations for thirty years, and he lived to be able 
to say, as he did to this Council twelve hours before his death, that he rejoiced 
in the signs of an early consummation of the long-cherished hopes of the Uni- 
versity's steadfast friends. 
The above is a Resolution adopted by the Council of the University 
of Buffalo at a meeting held February 16, 1914. Dr. Park's life was 
*so full and rich, his accomplishments so large and many, that it will 
remain an example of usefulness; yet there can be no doubt that 
numerous high enterprises, planned for the future of his university, 
hospital and city, were held back because of his lack of strength and 
time to carry them to completion. The citizens of Buffalo owe to his 
memory the fulfillment of his designs. BIOGRAPHICAL 
215 
pDGAR ROBINSON McGUIRE was born in Mount Forest, On- 
tario, August 13, 1877, son of George and Henrietta (Gardner) 
McGuire. 
Dr. McGuire's preliminary education consisted in a Junior Leav- 
ing Certificate-about the equivalent of two years in a university. 
After one year of teaching in a public school, he entered the Medical 
Department of the University of Buffalo, from which he was gradu- 
ated in 1900. He served interneships in both the Emergency and Buf- 
falo General hospitals-later serving as personal assistant to the late 
Roswell Park-for twelve years. He served as assistant surgeon in the 
Buffalo General Hospital from 1903 to 1909, when he was appointed 
attending surgeon-in which capacity he still serves. In 1917 he was 
made Professor of Surgery in the University of Buffalo. His medical 
contributions have been about fifteen in number, and have dealt 
chiefly with cranial and abdominal surgery. He is a Fellow of the 
American College of Surgeons and International Congress of Sur- 
geons, a member of the American Medical Association and the Buffalo 
Academy of Medicine. He holds membership in the following clubs: 
The Buffalo, Saturn, Country, and Wanakah Country, of Buffalo, and 
the Niagara Club, Niagara Falls, New York. 
T OHN AUGUSTUS HARTWELL, Ph.B., M.D., F.A.C.S., Special- 
ist in Intestinal Surgery and Assistant Professor of Surgery, Cor- 
nell University Medical College, had also many important hospital 
connections. 
John A. Hartwell was born in Deckertown, Sussex County, New 
Jersey, in 1869, a son of Samuel S. and Mary Clarinda (Stiles) Hart- 
well. After receiving a preparatory education he entered Yale Uni- 
versity, graduating therefrom in the class of 1889 with the degree of 
Bachelor of Philosophy. He then entered upon the study of biology 
and medicine at the same institution, and in 1892 graduated from the 
medical department with the degree of M.D. He subsequently took 
a post-graduate course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
Columbia University, later pursuing extensive research in intestinal 
surgery. In 1897 he engaged in the private practice of his profession 
in New York City, where he has successfully continued to the present 
time. For the last eleven years Dr. Hartwell has been a member of 
the medical staff of Cornell University, in 1904 having been appointed 
Assistant Professor of Physiology, advancing three years later to 
Assistant Professor of Surgery at the same institution, in which posi- 
tion he remains at the present time. He was a member of the house 
staff of the Presbyterian Hospital, serving as interne from 1894 to 
1897, was visiting surgeon to the Presbyterian Hospital for five years, 
and is director of surgery to the Bellevue Hospital, Cornell Division, 
also consulting surgeon to Lincoln Hospital, General Memorial Hos- 
pital, New York City; consulting surgeon to the Lawrence Hospital, 
Bronxville, and the United Hospital, Port Chester, New York; 
formerly attending surgeon to the Lincoln Hospital, and a member 
of the medical board of Bellevue Hospital. He is a Fellow of the 216 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
American College of Surgeons; a member of the New York Academy 
of Medicine; the American Surgical Association; Society of Clinical 
Surgery; Interurban Surgical Society; American Medical Association; 
Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine; New York State 
Medical Society; Medical Society of the County of New York, and the 
Alumni Association of Presbyterian Hospital. He is also a member 
of the following clubs: Yale University, and Quiz, of New York; 
Graduates', of New Haven; Army and Navy, of Washington, and the 
American Yacht. 
In the field of authorship Dr. Hartwell has contributed much to 
medical literature that has been of interest and value to the pro- 
fession, among his more notable writings being: "Radical Cure of 
Carcinoma of the Rectum" {Annals of Surg., Vol. 42) ; "Operation 
for Non-Penetrating Intercranial Trauma" {Annals of Surg., Vol. 
48) ; "Intestinal Diverticula, a Pathological and Clinical Study" 
{Amer. Jnl. of Med. Sciences, Aug., 1910) ; "General Principles of the 
Surgical Treatment of Cancer" {N. Y. Med. Jnl., 1913); "An Ex- 
perimental Study of Intestinal Obstruction" {Archives of Inter- 
nal Medicine, Vol. XIII), the American Journal of the Medical 
Sciences, 1912, also Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. XVIII) ; 
"A Consideration of the Various Methods of Blood Transfusion and 
its Value" {N. Y. State Jnl. of Med., 1914) ; "Carcinoma of the 
Splenic Flexure" {Annals of Surg., 1917). 
On April 16, 1910, Dr. Hartwell was married to Mrs. E. M. Fulton,. 
Jr., who was formerly Mary Butter Green, of New York. 
MICHAEL CHRISTOPHER O'BRIEN, M.A., M.D., well-known 
1 1 neurological and obstetrical surgeon of New York City, wherein 
he has practiced for thirty-five years, founder and ex-president of the 
Valentine Mott Medical Society, founder, ex-treasurer and ex-presi- 
dent of the Celtic Medical Society, Professor of Clinical Medicine at 
Fordham University and consulting physician to Misericordia Hos- 
pital, was born in New York City, on Christmas Day of 1859, son of 
Thomas and Mary A. (Cullen) O'Brien. 
His school days were passed wholly in New York City; he attended 
Manhattan College, where he took the full academic course, which 
ultimately resulted in his gaining the degree of Bachelor of Arts 
when he graduated, with distinction, with the class of 1878. In that 
year he became a medical student at the Bellevue Hospital Medical 
College, and for three years thereafter pursued the study of the 
science in its various phases with earnest, intelligent attention, assidu- 
ously following the lectures and clinical demonstrations, and gather- 
ing wider insight into the profession by observations at various hos- 
pitals. At the end of the third year (1881), he successfully qualified,, 
graduating well, and consequently being awarded the degree of Doc- 
tor of Medicine. He also succeeded in that year in gaining the Master 
of Arts degree from Manhattan College, gaining the letters by an able 
thesis. He then joined the house staff of physicians of Charity (now 
City) Hospital, where he remained an interne during the following BIOGRAPHICAL 
217 
year. In 1882 he was also house physician at the Hospital for 
Nervous Diseases, which institution is operated in connection with 
Charity Hospital, and during his work therein found ample scope 
for the further study of the branch of medicine in which he hoped 
to specialize, and from 1882 to 1884 Dr. 0 'Brien was physician to the 
Manhattan Dispensary, now the Knickerbocker Hospital. In 1884, 
in order that he might undertake extensive research in European 
centers of medicine in the direction of nervous and mental diseases, 
Dr. 0 'Brien went abroad, remaining in Europe until the end of 1885, 
and during this post-graduate work attended clinics in London, Edin- 
burgh, Dublin, Cork and Berlin. 
Upon his return to America he opened an office for private practice 
very shortly afterwards, and specialized in the treatment of nervous 
and mental cases. His skilled treatment and his undoubted knowl- 
edge of the specialty rapidly brought him success, and he became 
firmly established in a comparatively short time. He received many 
hospital appointments; from 1888 to 1894 Dr. O 'Brien was physician 
and neurologist to Harlem Hospital Dispensary; during 1902-03 he 
was physician to the Northwestern Dispensary, in 1897 he was ob- 
stetrical surgeon to the Misericordia Hospital, and for thirteen years, 
beginning 1900, was Medical Director to the same institution, which 
also is a training school for nurses; he held the appointment of at- 
tending physician to the Academy of the Sacred Heart from 1902 
to 1907; in 1906 he became lecturer to the chair of medicine at Ford- 
ham University, advancing the following year to Adjunct-Professor 
of Medicine at the same university. He is now visiting physician at 
St. Elizabeth's Hospital, and consulting physician to the Misericordia 
Hospital, and to the St. Mary's (Waterbury, Connecticut) Hospital. 
Dr. O 'Brien has made many contributions to the medical 
literature of the country, having written much for medical 
journals, his articles having been in the main in relation 
to neurological and obstetrical developments. Among the more 
important of his writings may be mentioned: "Nervousness 
in Children-Imitative of Parental Traits;" "Multiple Neuritis 
in Women from Tipping-A Pseudo Rheumatism;" "Chills from 
Obscure Causes, notably from Secluded Pus Formations;" "Deliv- 
ery in Occipito-Posterior Position-By Turning the Mother Instead 
of the Child; " "A Plea for the Administration of Baptism in Abor- 
tion, Miscarriage and on the Extra-Uterine Foetus;" "Adult Laryn- 
geal Tuberculosis as a Result of Tubercular Infection of the Ab- 
dominal Lymphatics in Childhood." For the years 1896-98 Dr. 
O'Brien was the secretary and editor of the Transactions of the New 
York County Medical Association. 
For a physician so much in professional demand as has been Dr. 
O'Brien, he has been unusually active in the affairs of a number of 
leading medical organizations. He was secretary of the Medical 
Society of the State of New York during the years 1898-1900; is a 
trustee and has been president of the Harlem Medical Association; 
was the founder of the New York Celtic Medical Society, has been 218 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
its president, and was its treasurer for fifteen years; was founder 
and president of the Valentine Mott Medical Society, and is now 
historian and permanent treasurer, and has taken prominent part in 
the proceedings of many other organizations instituted for the ad- 
vancement of medical science. Among the associations with which 
Dr. O'Brien is at present affiliated in membership may be noted the 
following: The American Medical Association; the Medical Society of 
the State of New York; the Society of Medical Jurisprudence; the 
New York Academy of Medicine, the Harvey Society, and the two 
societies of which he was the founder. Among the alumni associations 
to which he belongs are: Charity Hospital; St. Francis Xavier So- 
dality ; Manhattan College; and the General Memorial Hospital. So- 
cially he takes part in Catholic club affairs, and is a devout member of 
the Roman Catholic church. Politically, Dr. O'Brien is a Democrat, 
and early in his medical career found time for military activities, 
having been a private of the Seventy-first Regiment of the National 
Guard of New York during the years 1887-92. 
Dr. O'Brien was married at St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, 
Manhattanville, New York City, June 25, 1888, to Maria A. (Pollie) 
Dunican, daughter of Patrick and Ellen (Howe) Dunican. They 
have four children: Eleanor, born 1889; Pauline, 1893; Thomas Duni- 
can, 1895; Walter Cullen, 1903. Dr. O'Brien's office is at No. 161 
West One Hundred and Twenty-second Street, New York City, where 
also the family resides. 
TRYING SAMUEL HAYNES, Ph.B., M.D., Sc.D., F.A.C.S., eminent 
1 surgeon of New York City and Professor of Clinical Surgery at 
Cornell University Medical College, has had an enviable career. Of 
the scholarly type of physician, and a profound student of surgical 
science, Dr. Haynes worthily maintains the standards which have 
given so high a prestige to the profession. Superior native talents, 
developed by solid acquirements and disciplined by comprehensive 
research and a long and extensive practice, give to him an exceptional 
equipment of learning and skill. Whether as specialist in surgery, 
instructor in medical colleges, and author, or as an important factor in 
leading medical institutions, he is characterized by abilities of a 
high order. 
Dr. Haynes entered upon the practice of his profession in New 
York City, supported not only by a wealth of family tradition and 
achievement, but with a mind directed from youth toward medical 
channels, and ripened by personal contact with medical men. It may 
truly be said of him that he came to the profession by right of inheri- 
tance, the theory of heredity as an influence in shaping the careers of 
men never had a more potent example, for his paternal ancestors in 
direct line for five generations were practicing physicians. Dr. Thomas 
Haynes (1735-1789) was a surgeon in the army of General Amherst, 
was present at the capture of Ticonderoga, and accompanied the 
prisoners to Cambridge, Massachusetts. His wife, Miriam, was a 
daughter of Deacon Jonathan Marsh, and a granddaughter of Han- BIOGRAPHICAL 
219 
nah Dustin, the celebrated "Indian Heroine," of Haverhill, Massa- 
chusetts. They had a son, Dr. Samuel Haynes (1763-1800) who was 
a private in the Continental Army (1779-1780-1781), who had a son, 
Dr. Thomas Haynes (1792-1860) who practiced medicine at Westfield, 
Vermont, and he had a son, Dr. Samuel Haynes (1827-1901) a grad- 
uate of the medical department of the University of New York (1853), 
and who was an assistant surgeon, United States Army, in the Civil 
War, 1864-65, who was the father of Dr. Irving S. Haynes, of this 
review. 
Irving S. Haynes was born at Saranac, New York, August 29, 1861, 
a son of Dr. Samuel and Phoebe (Ayres) Haynes. After receiving 
a liberal preparatory education in the public schools and the Platts- 
burg (New York) High School, Irving S. Haynes entered Wesleyan 
University, in 1881, where he graduated with the class of 1885 with 
the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, winning honors in chemistry, 
and the "J. Brown Goode" prize for original research in biology. 
He then entered upon the study of medicine at the University of New 
York, New York City, graduating therefrom in 1887 with the degree 
of M.D. He immediately entered upon a post-graduate course, be- 
coming an interne as junior and senior assistant and house surgeon, 
1887-88, at Bellevue Hospital, New York City. During 1888-90, Dr. 
Haynes was attending surgeon to Chambers Street Hospital, class in 
fractures and dislocations. In 1888 he was appointed assistant dem- 
onstrator of anatomy in the New York University Medical College. 
In 1889 he was promoted to the position of demonstrator of anatomy, 
and in 1894 he was appointed Adjunct Professor of Anatomy, which 
position he held until his resignation from this institution in 1898, to 
accept the position of Professor of Practical Anatomy in the newly 
founded Cornell University Medical College. In 1910 he was ap- 
pointed Professor of Applied Anatomy, and in the following year the 
title of Professor of Clinical Surgery was added. In 1917 Dr. Haynes 
resigned his active teaching position in the Anatomy Department of 
Cornell, but still continues his college connection through the latter 
appointment. 
Dr. Haynes has thus served continuously as a member of the 
faculty of Cornell University Medical College since the founding of 
the institution in 1898. Dr. Haynes was assistant attending surgeon 
to the New York Orthopedic Hospital and Dispensary, 1891-99; has 
been visiting surgeon to Harlem Hospital since 1895, visiting surgeon 
to the Red Cross, now the Park Hospital, since 1909, and consulting 
surgeon to the Physicians' Hospital, Plattsburg, New York. In 1901 
Dr. Haynes was a delegate from the State Medical Association to the 
American Medical Association. 
Dr. Haynes is a member of the following societies: Fellow of the 
American College of Surgeons; member of the American Medical 
Association, Medical Society of the State of New York; New York 
Academy of Medicine, of which he is also a fellow; the New York 
Surgical Society; Harlem Medical Association; New York County 
Medical Society, and the Alumni Association of Bellevue Hospital. 220 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
He is also a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, and is 
an honorary member of Wesleyan University Chapter, Phi Beta 
Kappa. In 1915 Wesleyan University conferred upon him the hon- 
orary degree of Sc.D. In the field of authorship, Dr. Haynes has con- 
tributed many articles that have been of interest and value to his 
profession. The following are a few of the more important contribu- 
tions of Dr. Haynes to medical publications. The first paper written 
and published by Dr. Haynes was on "Vicious Union Following 
Potts' Fracture, Operative Treatment, New Method, Presentation of 
Case" (Published in the N. Y. Med. Jour., April 16, 1892). In this 
case and paper Dr. Haynes first practiced and enunciated the prin- 
ciple that "the Original Lesions of the Fracture should be Repro- 
duced and the Case then Treated as a Recent Fracture." Dr. Haynes 
was the first to apply superimposed photographs to demonstrate the 
relation of the viscera to the surface of the body and to each other. 
The papers embodying these results were published in the New York 
Medical Journals for November 11 and December 9, 1893, and in the 
Transactions of the First Pan-American Medical Congress. In the 
June number of the "Laryngoscope," 1912, Dr. Haynes published 
an original operation for the "Surgical Treatment of Meningitis," 
which consisted of establishing drainage from the basilar region of 
the skull through the cisterna magna. In the following year he pub- 
lished in the Annals of Surgery, April, 1913, the details of an origi- 
nal operation for the treatment of ' ' Congenital, Internal Hy- 
drocephalus" by directing the cerebro-spinal fluid from the cisterna 
magna into the cranial sinuses by means of a specially constructed 
tube. Another original operation for the treatment of very large 
Ventral Hernia was published in the N. Y. State Jour, of Med., 
December, 1913. By this original method of inverting the hernial sac 
and margins many hernia deemed inoperable have been successfully 
cured. He is also the author of a "Practical Guide for Beginners in 
the Dissection of the Human Body," published in 1893, and "Manual 
of Anatomy," published in 1896. 
Dr. Haynes is a Republican in politics, and a member of the 
Methodist Episcopal church, in the work of which he is deeply inter- 
ested, and is a member of the board of trustees of the Park Avenue 
Church. 
On March 19, 1890, Dr. Haynes married (first) at Plattsburg, 
New York, Charlotte E. Scribner, -who passed away December 7, 
1897, and on July 5, 1899, Dr. Haynes married (second) Laura C. 
Marsh, of Beekmantown, New York. They have the following chil- 
dren : Harriet M., born September 4, 1900; Dorothy, born December 
29, 1902 ; Irving Samuel, Jr., born September 11, 1908. Dr. Haynes 
and family reside at No. 107 West Eighty-fifth Street, where he also 
maintains his office. 
THOMAS E. SATTERTHWAITE, M.D., a native of New York 
1 City, and an eminent pathologist, was born March 26, 1843, a son 
of Thomas Wilkinson and Ann Fisher (Sheafe) Satterthwaite. BIOGRAPHICAL 
221 
Taking the academic course at Yale University, Thomas E. Sat- 
terthwaite graduated therefrom with the degree of Bachelor of Arts 
in the class of 1864, during 1863-64 taking also his first-year medical 
course at Yale University, after which, in 1864-65, he entered upon 
a post-graduate course in comparative anatomy at Harvard Univer- 
sity, under the preceptorship of Professor Jeffries Wyman, taking 
also his second year of medicine in the same university. He be- 
came, in 1866, a student of medicine at the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons of New York, Columbia University, from which he was 
graduated as Doctor of Medicine in 1867. To further his practical 
knowledge of medicine, Dr. Satterthwaite, immediately after having 
earned admittance to the profession, attached himself to the house 
staff of the New York Hospital, continuing his interneship until 
1869, when he went abroad for a post-graduate course in medicine 
under the eminent Austrian professors, viz: Schrotter, Hebra, Braun 
and Stricker. On the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, 
Dr. Satterthwaite tendered his services to the German government and 
was appointed assistant contract surgeon in the German Army, ulti- 
mately rising to a full surgeoncy, with rank of captain. He saw 
considerable service, and for his indefatigable efforts in the military 
hospitals of Toul, France, the German Emperor, William I., con- 
ferred upon him the treasured German decoration, the Iron Cross, in 
1872. For some time after the conclusion of the war Dr. Satter- 
thwaite undertook research and study of pathological anatomy at 
Wurzburg, under Professor von Recklinghausen, returning to New 
York City in 1872, and immediately opening an office in that city 
for private practice. 
During the subsequent years of his activities in medicine his 
eminence in the profession has brought him many honors, two of the 
most recent having been the bestowal upon him of the degree of 
LL.D, by the University of Maryland, in 1908, and that of Sc.D. 
by St. John's College, in 1912. He has been president of the New 
York Pathological Society, vice-president of the Post-Graduate 
Medical School and Hospital, president of the Babies' Hospital, presi- 
dent of the American Therapeutic Society, president of the Medical 
Association of Greater New York, and has done pioneer work in con- 
nection with the founding of some of the leading New York medical 
institutions of to-day. He organized the Chambers Street House of 
Relief, now the Hudson Street Hospital, was one of the founders of 
the American Therapeutic Society and of the Babies' Hospital, was 
one of the incorporators of the Alumni Association of the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and originated the plans 
which led to the founding of the New York Polyclinic Medical School 
and Hospital and the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and 
Hospital. 
In professorial capacities, Dr. Satterthwaite has rendered valued, 
long and honorable service to the medical fraternity of New York 
City and State. He was Professor of Pathological Anatomy for one 
year and of General Medicine for seven years at the New York Post- 222 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
Graduate Medical School and Hospital, and was lecturer in 1881-82 
on comparative pathology at Columbia Veterinary College. He also 
originated, in 1873, what was probably the first private laboratory for 
instruction in normal and pathological histology in this country, and 
gave instruction in these branches until 1890; and during the years 
1904-08 again undertook the duties of the chair of medicine at the 
Post-Graduate Medical School. Early in his career, Dr. Satterthwaite 
was a clinical assistant to Professor Willard Parker, of the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons. 
He has been identified, in professional capacity, with many New 
York City hospitals; was pathologist to St. Luke's Hospital 1872-82; 
pathologist to the Presbyterian Hospital, 1873-88; he is now consult- 
ing physician to the Manhattan State Hospital, to the Post-Graduate, 
Babies' and Orthopedic hospitals, and to the North-Western Dis- 
pensary. He has a general consulting and hospital practice, but spe- 
cializes in diseases of the heart. Dr. Satterthwaite's contributions 
to medical periodical literature have been numerous. The more ex- 
haustive works of which he is the author include ' ' Manual of 
Histology," "Practical Bacteriology," "Diseases of the Heart and 
Aorta," and "Cardio-Vascular Diseases." 
Among the medical organizations with which Dr. Satterthwaite is 
at present affiliated are: The American Medical Association, American 
Therapeutic Society, American Association of Medical Jurisprudence, 
American Congress on Internal Medicine, American Association for 
the Advancement of Science, and Association of the Military Surgeons 
of the United States. He is also a Fellow of the American College 
of Physicians and of the New York Academy of Medicine, life mem- 
ber of the New York Pathological Society, member of the Medical 
Society of the State of New York, the Greater New York Medical 
Association, Physicians' Mutual Aid Association, the Harvey Society, 
the New York County Medical Association, and the Association 
for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease. He is also an 
honorary member of the Washington, D. C., Medical and Surgical 
Society, and belongs to the Sons of the Revolution Association, and 
to the Century, Army and Navy (Washington, D. C.) clubs. 
Dr. Satterthwaite was married in New York City, November 13, 
1884, to Isabella, daughter of Dr. James Lenox Banks, of New York 
City. 
AXT-ILLIS GAYLORD TUCKER is descended in the seventh genera- 
' " tion from Robert Tucker, a native of Kent, England, who came 
to Weymouth, Massachusetts, as early as 1635. 
His father, Luther Tucker, was born in Brandon, Vermont, May 7, 
1802. He became a printer and in 1825 located at Jamaica, Long 
Island, where, in partnership with Henry C. Sleight, he published 
standard works for New York houses. The following year he re- 
moved to Rochester, New York, and on October 27, of that year, 
issued the initial number of the Rochester Daily Advertiser, the first 
daily newspaper published west of Albany, New York, in the United BIOGRAPHICAL 
223 
States. In 1831 he established the Genesee Farmer which, in 1839, 
was combined with Buel's Cultivator, and in 1853, at Albany, began 
the publication of the Country Gentleman with which, in 1866, the 
Cultivator was combined, and this weekly journal of agriculture 
was for many years the leading paper of its kind in America. 
Willis Gaylord Tucker, son of Luther and Margaret Lucinda 
(Smith) Tucker, was born at Albany, New York, October 31, 1849. 
His mother was a native of New York City, where she was born, May 
6, 1811. He was graduated from the Albany Academy in 1866; 
studied medicine with Professor James H. Armsby, M. D., and was 
graduated from the Albany Medical College in 1870 with the degree 
of Doctor of Medicine. A year later he became assistant in Chemis- 
try at the Albany Medical College, subsequently Adjunct Professor 
of Materia-Medica and Chemistry, Professor of Inorganic Chemistry 
and Toxicology, and Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology until 
1915. He was registrar of the faculty of the college from 1882 to 
1914, and dean of same 1914-15. He was instructor in Chemistry at 
the Albany Academy, 1873-74; lecturer on Natural Sciences in St. 
Agnes' School from 1873 to 1899, and Professor of Chemistry at 
the Albany High School from 1876 to 1887. 
In 1881 he was one of the founders of the Albany College of Phar- 
macy, and was a member of its faculty, filling the chair of Professor 
of Chemistry from its foundation until 1918; he was dean of the 
faculty from 1883 to 1918, retiring in the latter year as dean emeritus; 
and has been, since 1883, a trustee of the college. 
Dr. Tucker was analyst to the State Board of Health from 1881 
to 1891; Director of the State Board of Health Laboratory from 
1891 to 1901; and Director of the Bureau of Chemistry of the State 
Department of Health from 1901 to 1907. He was one of the 
founders, in 1874, of the Albany Medical College Alumni Association, 
and was secretary of the same from 1874 to 1897, and filled the posi- 
tion of president in 1898. He was trustee of the Bender Hygienic 
Laboratory from 1905 to 1915, and member of the board of medical 
examiners of the University of the State of New York from 1882 
to 1891; member of the Medical Council from 1901 to 1904; member 
of the Pharmacy Council from 1905 to 1918; and has been a member 
of the board of governors of Union University since 1884. 
From the Albany College of Pharmacy in 1882 he received the 
honorary degree of Ph. G., and from. Union College, the same 
year the degree of Ph. D. He is a member of the New York State 
Medical Society and of the Medical Society of Albany County; a 
fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; 
a member of the American Chemical Society; of the New York State 
Pharmaceutical Association; of Sigma Xi; of the patriotic societies 
of the Sons of the Revolution, and the Order of Patriots and Found- 
ers of America; and a member of Master's Lodge, No. 5, Free and 
Accepted Masons of Albany. He is a member of the Presbyterian 
church, and in politics he affiliates with the Republican party. Dr. 
Tucker is author of various papers on chemical subjects, chiefly in 224 
MEDICINE IN NEW YORK 
the direction of sanitary chemistry, food and drug adulteration, 
water analysis, and toxicology, which have been published in various 
medical and chemical journals and official reports. 
Dr. Tucker married, September 17, 1879, May, daughter of Charles 
Newman, of Albany. Their children are: Willis G., Jr.; Grace 
Witherbee (Putnam); and Mary Page (Holt).