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X" af i s..,- "Y* / f X /,' '< \ ' . / i: X ' " ? ;,/• X * NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MED • •;=/ -s S~f. * -s v ■ * * ^ \ - ; ir : 3NIDI0 3W dO ADVaail IVNOUVN 1NI3I03M JO. k H V Ha II IVNOUVN 3NIDI03W dO A D V H a I 1 IVNC 1 j f1 \ a ■■/'./ NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL L 3NI3I03W dO AHVBSIT IVNOUVN 3NI3I03W dO A 1V «8 I T IVNOUVN 3NI3I03W dO 1IIIII1 ""ul" NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE ACf)€Y 5 >^UC^ 1 <^x)€Y 5 *W 7 ■ matriculation examination on the following compulsory subjects: English Language—including grammar, composition and writing from dictation. Arithmetic—including vulgar and decimal fractions, and the extraction of the square- root. Algebra—to the end of simple equations. Geometry—first three books of Euclid. Latin—one book, translation and grammar. Elementary Mechanics o. Solids and p Unas.. and one of the following optional subjects, viz: History of England, with questions in modern geography. French translation. German translation. One Greet book. History of Nova Scotia. History of the Dominion of Canada—For graduation: (1) four'years study; (2) three full courses of lectures; (3) one three months' course in praatical phar- macy, chemistry, botany and medical jurisprudence; (1) two six-months' courses in other branches; (5) twelve months' attendance at a hospital; (6) three months practice in dis- pensing drugs: (7) at least six cases of accouchment; (8) a certificate from a registered medical practitioner, of "proficiency in the practice of vaccination," one course of practi- cal anatomy; (10) thesis; (11) twenty-one vears of age; (12) a general written and oral ex- amination on all the branches of medical and surgical science; (13) a clinical examination in medicine and surgery conducted at the bedside, cases being submitted for diagnosis and treatment in the wards of the hospital. In estimating the standing ot candidates and the number of marks to be awarded, professors shall take into account the regularity of their attendance, and the diligence and care they have evinced in reporting cases. Fees: Lectures, about $60; practical anatomy, $8; graduation, $21. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 29 2 6— 1878-79 36 3 8 + 1879-80 37 i) 5.4 1880-81 35 2 5.7 1881-82 37 1 2.7 1882-83 41 3 7 + Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, six. Remarks: Dr. J. F. Black, Registrar, writes: "Our severe examination probably- accounts for the small proportion of matriculates who graduate with us. We pass no- man who is not able to satisfy our examination." Ontario, Province of. Population 1 913 460 (census of 1881.) Number of physicians, 1700 (Ontario Medical Register, 1882.) Number of inhabitants to each physician. 1125. The Ontario Medical Act. Her Majesty, by and with the consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows :— I. This act may be cited as the "Ontario Medical Act." II. The medical profession of Ontario heretofore incorporated under the name and style of "The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario," shall be deemed to be and to have been from the date of its first establishment a body corporate by the name afore- said, having perpetual succession and a common seal, with power to acquire, hold, and dispose of chattel property and real estate for the purposes of this act, and to sue and be sued in the manner usual with such corporations. III. Every person registered according to the provisions of the act passed in the twenty-ninth year of the reign of Her Majesty, and chaptered thirty-four, of the act passed in the thirty-second year [18691 of the reign of Her said Majesty, and chaptered forty-five, of the act passed in the thirty-seventh year [1874] of Her Majesty's reign and chaptered thirty, and the acts amending the same, shall be a member of the said College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. IV. Every person hereafter registered under the provisions of this act shall also be a member of the said College. V. There shall be a council of the said College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario to be appointed in the manner hereinafter provided for in this act, and referred to in this act as "The Council." VI. The council shall be composed of the following persons :— Firstly. One member to be chosen from each of the colleges and bodies hereinafter designated, to-wit: The University of Toronto; Queen's University and College of Kings- ton; University of Victoria College; University of Trinity College^ Roval College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston; Toronto School of Medicine; Trinity Medical School, and of every other college or body in the Province now by law authorized, or which may be hereafter authorized, to establish a medical faculty in connection therewith, and to grant degrees in medicine and surgery or other certificates of qualification to practice the same. 25 2- No teacher, professor or lecturer of any of the before-mentioned colleges or bodies snail hold a seat in the council, except as a representative of the college or body to which he belongs. 3-...A^ .members of the council, representing the colleges or bodies aforesaid, shall be practitioners duly registered under this act or the acts mentioned in section three of this act. Secondly. Five members to be duly elected by the licensed practitioners in homoeo- pathy who have been registered under this act, or under the provisions in that behalf of any of the acts mentioned in section three of this act; and the five representatives of the eclectic system in the said council on the twenty-fourth day of March, 1874, shall bo con- tinued as such representatives for a period of five years from said date, when such representatives in the council shall cease and determine; and if any vacancy occurs during the said period, such vacancy may be filled as hereinafter mentioned. Thirdly. Twelve members to be elected in the manner hereinafter provided from amongst and by the registered members of the profession other than those mentioned in the preceding sub-sections of this section. 2. The twelve members to be elected as aforesaid shall be residents of the several territorial divisions for which they are elected; and one member shall be so elected from each of the territorial divisions mentioned in Schedule "A" to this act annexed, by the registered practitioners of medicine resident in such division; and the manner of holding such election shall, with respect to the time thereof and the taking the votes therefor, be determined by a by-law to be passed by the council * * * or prescribed by the Lieutenant Governor. VI. The members of the council shall be elected or appointed, as the case may be, for a period of five years; but any member may resign his appointment at any time by letter addressed to the president or registrar of the council, it shall be the duty of the regis- trar forthwith to notify the college or body wherein that vacancy has occurred; and such college or body shall have the power :to nominate another duly-qualified person to All such vacancy; or if the vacancy be caused by the death of any member elected from a territorial division, the registrar shall forthwith cause anew election to be held in such territorial division in such manner as may be provided for by law of the council; and such election shall be conducted in accordance with tae by-laws and regulations of the coun- cil, but it shall be lawful for the council, during such vacancy, to exercise the powers hereinafter mentioned. 2. In the event of the death or resignation of any member of the council represent- ing the practitioners of the homoeopathic or eclectic systems of medicine respectively, it shall be lawful for the remaining representatives of homoeopathy or the eclectic sys- tem respectively, in the council, to fill such vacancy by selecting from amongst the duly registered practitioners in homoeopathy or the eclectic system respectively, a person to All the said vacancy, caused either by death or resignation. VIII. The persons entitled to vote under this act at any election shall be all duly reg- istered practitioners. IX. Any member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario may have his name transferred from one class of voters to another class, on his presenting to the registrar a certificate duly signed by such member or members of the board of exam- iners appointed by the council to examine candidates on the subjects specified in this act, as peculiar to each school of medicine, testifying that the member so applying to have his name so transferred has shown a sufficient knowledge of the system of medicine he desires to connect himself with to entitle him to be admitted to the class he desires, and being so admitted he shall be entitled to vote in that class only. 2. No member shall be entitled to return to the class from which he has been so trans- ferred without the sanction of the council; but no member shall at any time be entitled to vote in more than one class of the voters who, in accordance with the provisions of this act, vote in the election of the members of the council; and there shall be payable to the registrar for such transfer the same charge as is usual for the registration of an additional qualification, namely, two dollars. X. In case of any doubt or dispute as to the legality of the election of any member of the council, it shall be lawful for the council to hold an inquiry and decide who is the legally elected member of the council; and the person whom they decide to have been elected shall be, and be deemed to be, the member legally elected: and if such election is found to have been illegal, the council shall have power to order a new election. XL The said elected members of the council shall, together with the members to be appointed by the several colleges and bodies as mentioned in section six of this act, hold their first meeting at such time and place as may be fixed by by-law of the council; and shall make such rules and regulations as to the times and places of subsequent meetings of the council, the mode of summoning the same, as to them seems expedient; which rules and regulations shall remain in force till altered at any subsequent meeting; and in the absence of any rules or regulations as to the summoning of future meetings of the council.it shall be lawful for the president thereof, or, in the event of his absence or death, for the registrar to summon the same at such time and place as to him seems fit, by circular letter, to be mailed to each member. 2. At least two weeks' notice of such meeting shall be given; and in the event of the absence of the president from any meeting, the vice-president, or, in his absence, some other member, to be chosen from among the members present, shall act as president. 3. All the acts of the council shall be decided by the majority of the members pres- ent, not being less than nine in number. 4. At all meetings, the president for the time being shall have a casting vote only. 26 XII. There shall be paid to the members of the council such fees for attendance, and such reasonable traveling expenses, as may from time to time be fixed by by-Jaw passed by the said council. XIII. The council shall annually appoint a president, vice-president, registrar, treasurer, and such other officers as may from time to time be necessary for the working of this act, who shall hold office during the pleasure of the council; and the said council shall have power to fix by by-law, or from time to time, the salaries or fees to be paid to such officers, and to the board of examiners hereinafter appointed. XIV. The council shall appoint annually from among its members an "executive committee," to take cognizance of and action upon ail such matters as may be delegated to it by the council, or such as may require immediate interference or attention between the adjournment of the council and its next meeting; and all such acts shall be valid only until the next ensuing meeting of the council; but such committee shall have no power to alter, repeal or suspend any by-law of the council. Division Associations. XV. In each of the territorial divisions described in Schedule A of this act, there may be established a "territorial division medical association," which may be called "The Division Association" of such division; every member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, resident within the said territorial division, shall be a member, and the representative in the council shall be ex-officio chairman of such division asso- ciation. XVI. The said division association may, from time to time, submit to the council a tariff, or tariffs, of professional fees, suitable to their division, or to separate portions of their division; and upon the said tariff or tariffs of fees receiving the approval of the council, signified by the seal of the College and by the signature of the president thereof being appended thereto, such tariff or tariffs shall be held to be a scale of reasonable charges within the meaning of section thirty-five of this act, for the division or section of a division where the member making the charge resides. t Medical Education. XVII. The council shall have power and authority to appoint an examiner, or exam- iners, for the admission of all students to the matriculation and preliminary examination. and to make by-laws and regulations for determining the admission and enrollment of students; but any change in the curriculum of studies fixed by the Council shall not come into effect until one year after such change is made. 2. Until a homoeopathic medical college for teaching purposes is established in On- tario, candidates wishing to be registered as homceopathists shall pass the matriculation examination established by this act, as the.preliminary examination for all students in medicine, and shall present evidence of having spent the full period of study required by the curriculum of the council, under the supervision of a duly registered homoeopathic Practitioner. 3. For a period of four years from the twenty-fourth day of March, 1874. such homoe- opathic students may pass their matriculation examination at any time priodtothe pass- ing of their professional examination. 4. Such candidates must also have complied with the full curriculum of studies pre- scribed from time to time by the council for medical students, but the full time of attend- ance upon lectures and hospitals required by the curriculum of the council may be spent in such homceopathis medical colleges in the United States or Europe as may be recog- nized by a majority of the homoeopathic members of the council; but in all homoeopathic colleges where the winter course of lectures is only of four months' duration, certified tickets of attendance on one such course shall be held to be equivalent to two-thirds of one six months' course, as required by the council; and when such teaching body has been established in Ontario, it shall be optional for such candidates to pursue in part or in full the required curriculum in Ontario. XVIII. The council shall from time to time, as it may deem expedient, enact by-laws as to the terms upon which it will receive the matriculation and other certificates of col- leges and other institutions not in the Province of Ontario. XIX. Any graduate or any student having matriculated in arts in any University of her Majesty's Dominions, shall not be required to pass the preliminary examination. XX. The council shall have power and authority to fix and determine, from time to time, a curriculum of studies to be pursued by the students, and such curriculum of studies shall be observed and taught by all colleges referred to in section six of this act. Medical Registration. XXI. The council shall cause to be kept by an officer appointed by them, and to be called the Registrar, a book or register, in which shall be entered the name of every person registered according to the provisions of this act, or the acts mentioned in the,third section of this act; and from time to time the names of all persons who have complied with the enactments hereinafter contained, and with the rules and regulations made or. to be made by the council respecting the qualifications to be required from prac- titioners^ of. medicine, surgery and midwifery in this Province; and those persons only whose names are inscribed in the book or register above mentioned, shall be deemed to 27 be qualified and licensed to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery in this province, ex- cept as hereinafter provided; and such book or register shall at all times be open, and subject to inspection by any duly registered practitioner in Ontario, or by any other person. XXII. It shall be the duty of the registrar to keep his register correct, in accordance with the provisions of this act, and the rules, orders and regulations of the council, and he shall from time to time make the necessary alterations in the addresses or qualifica- tions of the persons registered under this act; and the said registrar shall perform such other duties as may be imposed upon him by the council. XXIII. It shall be optional for the council to admit !to registration all such persons as are duly registered in the Medical Register of Great Britain, or are otherwise author- ized to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, upon such terms as the council may deem expedient. 2. Any person who was actually practicing medicine, surgery or midwifery, or any of them, in Ontario, prior to the first of January, 1850, and who has attended one course of lectures at any recognized medical school, shall, upon such proof as the council may re- quire, be entitled to registration under this act. 3. Any person who was actually practicing medicine, surgery or midwifery according to the principles of homoeopathy or;the eclectic system of medicine, before the first day of January, 1850, and for the six years preceding the twenty-fourth day of March, 1874, in Ontario, may, in the discretion of the representatives of the homoeopathic or eclectic system of medicine, respectively, be admitted to registration under this act. XXIV. Every person who possesses any one or more of the qualifications dated prior to the twenty-third day of July, 1870, shall, on payment of a fee to be fixed by by-law of the.council, not exceeding ten dollars, be entitled to be registered, on producing to the registrar the .document conferring or evidencing the qualification, or such of the qualifi- cations, in respect whereof he seeks to be so registered, or upon transmitting by post to the registrar information of his name ana address, and evidence of the qualification in respect whereof he seeks to be registered, and of the time or times at which the same was attained; but no one registered under the acts mentioned in the third section of this act shall be liable to pay any fee for being registered under this act. XXV. Every person desirous of being registered under the provisions of this act. and who had not become possessed of any one of the qualifications before the twenty-third day of July, 1870, shall, before being entitled to registration, present himself for examina- tion as to his knowledge and skill for the efficient practice of his profession, before the board ot examiners, in the twenty-eighth section mentioned; and upon passing the ex- amination required, and proving to the satisfaction of the board of examiners that he has complied with the rules and regulations made by the council, and on the payment of such fees as the council may by general by-law establish, such person shall be entitled to be registered, and, in virtue of such registration, to practice medicine, surgery and mid- wifery in this Province. XXVI. When and as soon as it appears that there has been established a "Central Examining Board." similar to that constituted by this act, or an institution duly recog- nized by the legislature of any of the provinces forming the Dominion of Canada, other than Ontario, as the sole examining body for the purpose of granting certificates of quali- fication, and wherein the curriculum is equal to that established in Ontario, the holder of any such certificate shall, upon due proof, be entitled to registration by the council of Ontario, if the same privilege is accorded by such Examining Board or institution to those holding certificates in Ontario. XXVIL Each member of the college shall pay to the registrar, or any person deputed by the registrar to receive it, such annual fee as may be determined by by-law of the council, not less than one nor more than two dollars, towards the general expenses of the college, which last mentioned fee shall be payable on the first day of January, in the year in which the same is imposed; and such fee shall be deemed to be a debt due by the member to the college, and be recoverable with costs of suit in the name of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, in the Division Court where the member resides. XXVIII. At the annual meeting 'of the council in each year, there shall be elected by the members of the said council a "Board of Examiners," whose duty it shall be at least once in each year to examine all candidates for registration in accordance with the by- laws, rules and regulations of the council; such examinations to be held at loronto or Kingston at such time and in such manner as the council may by law direct. XXIX. The board of examiners appointed under the previous section, shall be com- posed as follows: One member from each of the teaching bodies now existing, referred to in the sixth section of this act, and one from every other school of medicine which may be hereafter organized in connection with any university or college which is empowered by law to grant medical or surgical diplomas; and a number, not exceeding five members to be chosen from among those members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons ot Ontario who are unconnected with any of the above teaching bodies. XXX Any candidate who. at the time of his examination, signifies his wish to be registered as a homoeopathic or eclectic practitioner, shall.not be required to pass an examination in either materia medica, or therapeutics, or in the theory or practice of ohvsic or in surgery or midwifery, except the operative practical parts thereof, before any examiners other than those approved of by the representatives in the council of the body to which he signifies his wish to belong. XXXI The council shall from time to time as occasion may require, make orders regulations or by-laws for regulating the registers to be kept under this act, and the fees to be paid for registration, and shall from time to time make rules and regulations for the guidance of the board of examiners, and may prescribe the subjects ana modes of the 28 examinations, the time and place of holding the same, and generally may make all such rules and regulations in respect of such examinations not contrary to the provisions of this act. as they may deem expedient and necessary. XXXII. Every person registered under this act who obtains any higher degree or qualification other than the qualification in respect of which he has been registered, shall be entitled to have such higher degree or additional qualification inserted in the register in substitution for, or in addition to, the qualification previously registered on the pay- ment of such fees as the council may appoint. XXXIII. No qualification shall be entered on the register either on the first registra- tion or by way of addition to a registered name unless the registrar is satisfied by proper evidence that the person claiming is entitled to it; and any appeal from the decision of the registrar may be decided by the council; and any entry proved to the satisfaction of the council to have been fraudulently or incorrectly made, may be erased from the regis- ter by an order in writing of the council. 2. In the event of the registrar being dissatisfied with the evidence adduced by the person claiming to be registered, he shall have the power, subject to an appeal to the council, of refusing the said registration until the person claiming to be registered has furnished such evidence duly attested by oath or affirmation, before the judge of the county court of any county. XXXIV. Any registered medical practitioner who has been convicted of any felony in any court shall thereby forfeit his right to registration, and by direction of the council, his name shall be erased from the register; or in case a person known to have been con- victed of felony presents himself for registration, the registrar shall have power to refuse such registration. Rights of Registered Practitioners. XXXV. Every person registered under the provisions of this act shall be entitled according to his qualification or qualifications to practice medicine, surgery, or mid- wifery, or any of them as the case may be, in the Province of Ontario, and to demand and recover in any court of law, with full costs of suit, reasonacle charges for professional aid, advice,and visits, and the cost of any medicine or other medical or surgical appliances rendered or supplied by him to his patients. Publication of Register. XXXVI. The registrar of the council shall from time under the direction of the council caused to be printed and published a correct register of the names in alphabeti- cal order according to the surnames, with the respective residences together with the medical titles, diplomas and qualifications conferred by any college or body with the dates thereof of all persons appearing on the register as existing on the day of publica- tion; and such register shall be called "The Ontario Medical Register;" and a copy of such register for the time being purporting to be so printed and published as aforesaid, shall be prima facie evidence in all courts, and before all justices of the peace, and others, that the persons therein specified are registered according to the provisions of this act, and, subject to the provisions.of sub-section two of this section; the absence of the name of any person from such copy shall be prima facie evidence that such person is not registered according to the provisions of this act. 2. In the case of any person whose name does not appear in such copy, a certified copy under the hand of the'registrar of the council, of the entry of the name of such person on the register, shall be evidence that such person is registered under the provi- sions of this act. Offenses and Penalties. XXXVII. Any person entitled to be registered under this act, but who neglects or omits to be so registered shall not be entitled to any of the rights or privileges conferred by registration under the provisions of this act, so long as such neglect or omission con- tinues, and he shall be liable to all the penalties imposed by this act, or by any other act in force against unqualified or unregistered practitioners. XXXVIII. If the registrar makes or causes to be made any wilful falsification in any matter relating to the register, he shall incur a penalty of fifty dollars, and shall be dis- qualified from again holding that position. XXXIX. If any person procures or causes to be procured his registration under this act, by means of any false or fraudulent representation pr declaration, either verbally or in writing, it shall be lawful for the registrar, upon the receipt of sufficient evidence of the falsity or fraudulent character of such representation or declaration, to represent the matter to the council, and upon the written order of the president, attested by the seal of the college, to erase the names of such persons from the register, and to make known the fact and cause of such erasure by notice to be published in the Ontario Gazette; and a'ter such notice has appeared the person whose name has been erased as aforesaid shall cease to be a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and shall cease to enjoy any of the privileges conferred by registration under this act at any future time, without the express sanction of the council. 29 2. If any person wilfully procures or attempts to procure himself to be registered under this act, by making any false or fraudulent representation or declaration, either verbally or in writing, he shall on conviction thereof before any justice of the peace incur a penalty not exceeding one hundred dollars; and every person knowingly aiding and assisting him therein shall on conviction thereof incur a penalty of not less than twenty nor more than fifty dollars for each such offence. XL. It shall not be lawful for any persons not registered to practice medicine, sur- gery, or midwifery for hire, gain, or hope of reward; and if any person not registered pursuant to this act for hire, gain, or hope of reward practices or professes to practice medicine, surgery, or midwifery or advertise to give advice in medicine, surgery, or mid- wifery, he shall upon a summary conviction thereof before any justice of the peace, for any and every such offence pay a penalty not exceeding one hundred dollars nor less than twenty-five dollars. XLI. Any person who wilfully or falsely pretends to be a physician, doctor of medi- cine, surgeon or general practitioner, or assumes any title, addition, or description other than he actually possesses and is legally entitled to. shall be liable on conviction thereof before a justice of the peace to a penalty not exceeding fifty dollars, nor less than ten dollars. XLII. Any person not registered pursuant to this act, who takes or uses any name, title, addition or description implying or calculated to lead people to infer that he is reg- istered under this act, or that he is recognized by law as a physician, surgeon, accoucheur, or a licentiate in medicine, surgery or midwifery, shall be liable, upon a summary convic- tion thereof before any justice of the peace, to pay any penalty not exceeding one hun- dred dollars, nor less than twenty-five dollars. XLIII. No person shall be entitled to recover any charge in any court of law for any medical or surgical advice, or for attendance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medicine which be may have prescribed or supplied, unless he is registered under this act; but this section shall not extend to the sale of any drug or medicine by any duly licensed chemist or druggist. XLIV. No person shall be appointed as medical officer, physican or surgeon in any branch of the public service of this Province, or in any hospital or other charitable insti- tution not supported wholly by voluntary contributions, unless he is registered under the provisions of this act. XLV. No certificate required by any act now in force, or that may hereafter be passed, from any physician or surgeon or medical practitioner, shall be valid unless the person signing the same is registered under this act. XLVI. Any prosecution under this act may be brought or heard before any one or more of Her Majesty's justices of the peace having jurisdiction where any such offence has been committed: and such justice or justices may award payment of costs in addi- tion to the penalty; and in case the penalty or costs awarded by him or them are not, upon conviction, forthwith paid, may commit the offender to the common gaol, there to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding one month, unless the penalty and costs are sooner paid. ■ XLVII. All prosecutions against any one acting in contravention of the provisions of this act, shall take place in accordance with The Act respecting Summary Convictions before Justices of the Peace. XLVIII. Any person convicted under this act, who gives notice of appeal against the decision of the convicting justice, shall be required, before being released from custody, to give said justice satisfactory security for the amount of the penalty, costs of convic- tion, and appeal. XLIX. In any trial under this act the burden of proof as to the registration shall be upon the person charged. L. in all cases where proof of registration under this act is required to be made, the production of a printed or other copy of the register, certified under the hand of the reg- istrar of the council, for the time being, shall be sufficient evidence of all persons who are registered practitioners, in lieu of the production of the original register; and any certifi- cate upon such printed or other copy of the register, purporting to be signed by any per- son in his capacity of registrar of the council under this act, shall be prima facie evi- dence that such person is such registrar, without any proof of his signature or of his being in fact such registrar. LI. Every prosecution under this act shall be commenced within one year from the date of the alleged offence. LII. The council, by an order signed by the president, having the seal of the college appended thereto, may stay proceedings in any prosecution under this act where it is deemed expedient. LIII. All penalties recoverable under this act shall be paid to the convicting justice, and by him be paid to the registrar of the college, and shall form part of the funds thereof (2.) Any person may be prosecutor or complainant under this act, and the Council" may allot such portion of the penalties recovered as may be expedient towards the payment of such prosecutor. LIV. All moneys forming part of the council funds shall be paid to the treasurer, and may be applied to carry this act into execution. IV The words "legally qualified medical practitioner," or "duly qualifledlmedical practitioner " or any other words importing legal recognition of any person as a medical practitioner or member of the medical profession, when used m any act or law shall, in so far as such act or law applies to this Province, be construed to mean a person regis- tered under this act. Assented to March, 1878. 33 Dr. P. H. Bryce, Secretary of the Provincial Board of Health, writes: "Regarding your question whether all schools are embraced under the terms of the act, I may state that only allopaths and homeopaths are recognized. Both have to pass the same examination on all subjects except materia medica and therapeutics. "Students who may have obtained degrees from any of the provincial schools or col- leges, are required to pass the same uniform examination, held by the Medical Council, who have the power of granting licenses to practice, of registration, and of prosecuting irregulars. They are incorporated, and receive their powers from an act of the Legis- lature. "There has been more or less disturbance regarding alleged arbitrary acts on the part of members of examining boards towards students, but this has largely passed away, while the benefits accruing from a high standard and uniformity in examinations are now recognized on all hands." Neither this act nor the Quebec act seems to confer the power of revoking the licenses of such members as are guilty of unprofessional or dishonorable conduct. Medical Faculty of Toronto University. Toronto, Ont. Organized in 1849. Extinct since 1852. Toronto School of Medicine. (Affiliated with the University of Toronto and the University of Victoria College.) Toronto, Ont. (Pop. 86 415.) Organized in 1843. Degrees were first conferred on its students, by affiliated univer- sities, in 1845. Degrees have been so conferred each subsequent year.—Faculty embraces ten professors (lecturers), five adjunct professors, and two demonstrators. One session of twenty-four weeks' duration annually. Course of Instruction' The course is graded, and extends over four years.—Lec- tures embrace the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, anatomy, midwifery, diseases of women and children, materia medica, therapeutics, phvsiology, medical jurisprudence, toxicology, dermatology, histology, pathology, ophthalmology, otology, botany, and zoology. Requirements: For admission, certificate of having passed a provincial matricula- tion, or the matriculation examination of any of the affiliated universities, or a college diploma.—For graduation: attendance and successful examinations on lectures as fol- lows—anatomy, physiology, theoretical chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, princi- ples and practice of medicine and surgery, midwifery, diseases of women and children; one course of medical jurisprudence, practical chemistry and botany; (2) four years' study; (3) eighteen months'hospital practice; (4) six cases of midwifery, (5) twenty-one years of age. Fees: Registration, $5; lectures, $125; final examination, $30. Students: Only the number of matriculates (33) for 1881-82, 1882-83, have been received. Graduates of Toronto University in Illinois, 10; of Victoria University in Illinois, 14. Students: Only the number of matriculates (33) for 1881-82, and of the graduates (19) for 1882-83, have been received. Trinity Medical School. (Affiliated with the University of Trinity College, the University of Toronto and the Univer- sity of Manitoba.) Toronto, Ont. Organized in 1850.—The faculty embraces ten professors, two demonstrators and a lecturer.—The school confers only the degree of Fellow of the Trinity Medical School The majority of students obtain degrees from affiliated universities. Course of Instruction: One annual session of twentv-four weeks'duration. Course graded and extends over four years.—Lectures embrace the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, materia medica, therapeutics, anatomy, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, chemistry, botany, sanitary science, medical jurisprudence physi- ology, histology, pathology, ophthalmology, otology, laryngologv. Two examinations are held during the course, viz: at the close of the second and fourth years. ~. Philosophy. Correct spelling and legible writing are imperative. Students from countries where a matricula- tion examination is not required by law are admitted to the lectures without examination —For graduation: (1) four years of study, (2) at least three courses of lectures of twentv- four weeks' duration: (3) twenty-one years of age: (4) good moral character; (5) six months' practice at lying-in-hospital and six cases of labor; (6) satisfactory examination on all required branches; [7) satisfactory thesis. 31 Fees: Lectures, $153; full fee, including examinations, for gradation, $24. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1878-79 137 35 25.5 1879-80 136 30 22+ 1880-81 136 30 22+ 1881-82 168 35 20.7 1882-83 205 38 18.5 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the^past five years, twenty-one. Remarks: The number of graduates given above includes, also, "men licensed by the Council." Dr. W. B. Geikie, Dean of the faculty, writes: "We have (Ij Degree holders; (II) Fellowship diploma holders; (III) Medical Licentiates from the Council—in our classes yearly, all of whom are well-educated medical men." Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. {Medical Department of Queen's University.) Kingston, Ont. (Pop. 14 691.) Organized in 1854. First class graduated in 1855. Classes graduated in each subsequent year.—Faculty embraces twelve professors and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One course of lectures, annually, of twenty-four weeks' duration. The course is graded, and extends over three or four years, and includes prin- ciples and practice of surgery, theory and practice of medicine, obstetrics and diseases of women and children, physiology, anatomy, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics and pharmacy, two full courses; microscopic anatomy, twenty-five^lectures; clinical sur- gery, clinical medicine, medical jurisprudence, one-half course; sanitary science, prac- tical chemistry, botany, three months' course; hospital, eighteen months. Instruction is given by lectures, recitations and clinical teaching, in every branch, the instruction being as practical as possible. Requirements: For admission, (a) college diploma, or (b) evidence of having passed the Provincial Board's matriculation examination, or (c) matriculation examination on (1) English language, including grammar and composition, arithmetic, algebra, geometry. Latin, Greek, French, German or physics.—For graduation: (1> twenty-one years of age, (2) good moral character, (3) thesis. (4) successful passing of all examinations, (5) certifi- cate of having attended not fewer than six cases of midwifery. Fees: Lectures, $114; diplomas, $30; hospital, $4. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the years 1877-78,1880-81, 1882-83, twenty-two. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. Medical Department of Victoria College. (Also known as "Rolph's School.") Toronto, Ont. Organized 18—. Extinct since 1872. Medical Department of the Western University. London, Ont., (Pop. 19 746). Organized in 1882. First class graduated in 1883. Faculty embraces fifteen professors and two demonstrators of anatomy. Course of Instruction: One annual graduating session of six months' duration. The course is graded, extending over three sessions in different years.—Lectures embrace anatomy physiology, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, chemistry, therapeu- tics botany nervous and mental diseases, principles and practice of medicine, surgery, histology pathology, sanitary science, medical jurisprudence, toxicology. atriculates. Graduates. Percent. 48 10 14 12 20.8 _ __ 68 15 22+ — 16 -- 48 11 23- 32 Requirements: For admission, (a) certificate of graduation or matriculation in any recognized British University; (b) certificate of having passed the provincial exami- nation; (c) matriculation examination on English language, arithmetic, algebra, geome- try, Latin, writing and dictation. Correct spelling and legible writing are imperative. For graduation: (1) certificate of having passed a recognized matriculation examination; (2) four years' study; (3) three sessions of six months each upon anatomy, practical ana- tomy, practice of medicine, surgery, theoretical chemistry, midwifery, diseases of women and children, materia medica, therapeutics, physiology, clinical medicine, clinical sur- gery; one six months' course on medical jurisprudence; one three months' course on botany; twenty-five lectures on chemistry and toxicology; twenty-five practical demon- strations on histology and pathology; twenty lectures on sanitary science; (5) attendance for at least eighteen months on the practice of some recognized hospital; (6) six months attendance on the practice of a lying-in hospital, and charge of six cases of confine- ment; (7) compounded medicines for six months: (8) good moral character; (9) twenty- one years of age. Fees: Matriculation, $5. Registration and lectures, $92. Graduation, $25. Students: First session (1882-'83); matriculates, 15; graduates 1; percent, of gradu- ates to matriculates, seven. Remarks: Students attending this, and other Canadian colleges, are regulated by the following rules: 1. In the case of disorderly conduct, any student may, at the discretion of the pro- fessor, be required to leave the class-room. Persistence in any offence against discipline, after admonition by the professor, shall be reported to the dean of the faculty. The dean may, at his discretion, reprimand the student, or refer the matter to the faculty at its next meeting, and may in the interval suspend from classes, 2. Absence from any number of lectures can only be excused by necessity or duty, of which proof must be given, when called for, to the faculty. The number of times of absence, from necessity or duty, that shall disqualify for the keeping of a session, shall in each case be determined by the faculty. 3. While in the college, students are expected to conduct themselves in the same orderly manner as in the class-rooms. 4. When students are brought before the faculty under the above rules, the faculty may reprimand, impose fines, disqualify from competing for prizes and honors, suspend from classes, or expel from the college. Woman's Medical College. (Homoeopathic.) Toronto, Ont. Organized in 1883.—The faculty embraces ten professors and a demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One course of six months' duration will be given annually. The course is graded and extends over three years.—Lectures will embrace the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, obstetrics, diseases.of women and children, materia medica, botany, anatomy, microscopy, sanitary science, medical jurisprudence, toxicol- ogy, chemistry, ophthalmology and otology. Requirements: For admission, certificate of having passed the matriculation exam- ination of the provincial board.—For graduation: (1) four years' study; (2) four courses of lectures of six months' duration, if a graduate in arts three courses; (3) two courses of six months each upon anatomy, dissection, physiology, histology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, principles and practice of medicine and surgery, midwifery, diseases of women und children, and clinical medicine and surgery; one six months' course on medi- cal jurisprudence; one course of three months upon practical chemistry, toxicology, botany, pathology and hygiene; (4) dissect the whole humanlbody; (5) six months' practice in compounding medicines; (6) twenty-four months'attendance on hospital; (7) six cases of midwifery. Fees: Registration, $5. Lectures, $100. Women's Medical College. Kingston, Ont. Organized in 1883, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston, having, at the close of the last session, announced that women students would no longer be received in its classes.—The faculty embraces seven professors, in addition to which two professors of Queen's College give instruction in chemistry and botany. 33 Course of Instruction: The course of lectures, which will' continue for six months each session, "will be equivalent in all respects to the ordinary winter course delivered in other medical colleges, and as such will be accepted in proceeding to the degree of M. D. in Queen's University," with which the Women's Medical is affiliated.—Lectures embrace obstetrics and diseases of women and children; principles and practice of surgery; ma- teria medica and therapeutics; medical jurisprudence and sanitary science; theory and practice of medicine: institutes of medicine and histology; anatomy, descriptive and surgical: chemistry; botany; practical anatomy; clinical surgery; clinical medicine. Requirements: "The requisites for graduation willin no sense differ from what is required for the other sex. and the facilities for study will be also the same. "By the regulations of the University, the matriculation examination of the college may be passed at any time before undergoing examination for the degree. The Medical Council matriculation, which is the intermediate examination of the High Schools with Latin, will be accepted by the University." Fees: Registration, $5. Lectures, hospital, etc., $124. Degree of M. D., $30. Quebec, Province of. Population, 1358 469 (census of 1881). Number of physicians, 1051 (Quebec Medical Register). Number of inhabitants to each physician, 1292. An Act to further amend and consolidate the Act relating to the Profession of Medicine and Surgery in the Province of Quebec. Whereas, it is necessary to further amend and consolidate the laws now in force in the Province of Quebec, for regulating the qualifications and examinations of candidates for the study of medicine, surgery and midwifery; for the regulation of medical practitioners, and for the infliction of penalties upon persons infringing the provisions of this act re- specting the practice of medicine, surgery and midwifery; therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislature of Quebec, enacts as follows: Section 1. From and after the passing of this act, the act or ordinance of the Legisla- tive Council of the late Province of Quebec, passed in the twenty-eighth year of the reign of bis late Majesty, King George the Third, and entitled An act or ordinance to prevent persons practicing physic and surgery within the Province of Quebec, or midwifery with- in the towns of Quebec and Montreal, without license, and all other acts or parts of acts in any manner relating to the practice of medicine, surgery or midwifery in the Pro- vince of Quebec, or in any manner relating to the mode of obtaining license to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery therein, as well as the act 40 Vict, Chap. 26, entitled "An act to amend and consolidate the acts relating to the profession of medicine and surgery in the Province of Quebec," assented to on the 28th of December, 1876, shall be and are hereby repealed, except in so far as relates to any offense committed against the same or any of them, before the passing of this act, or any penalty or forfeiture incurred by reason of such offense. § 2. All persons resident in the Province of Quebec, authorized to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery therein, and who. at the time of the passing of the present act, shall have been registered under the act 40 Vict., chap. 26, and all persons resident in the Pro- vince of Quebec, and licensed to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery therein, who, at the time of the passing of this act, shall not have been registered under 40 Vict., chap. 26, but who shall hereafter become registered under the present act, and all persons who may hereafter obtain a license to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery, in this Pro- vince, and become registered under the present act, shall be and are hereby constituted a body politic and corporate by the name of The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, and shall, by that name, have perpetual succession, and a com- mon seal, with power to change, alter, break or make new the same; and they and their successors, by the name aforesaid, may sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto in all courts and places whatsoever, and, by the name aforesaid, shall be able and capable in law to have, hold, receive, enjoy, possess and re- tain for the ends and purposes of this act, and for the benefit of the said college, all such sums of money as have been or shall at any time hereafter be paid, given or bequeathed to and for the use of the said college; and by the name aforesaid, shall and may, at any time hereafter, without any letters of mortmain, purchase, take, receive, have, hold, pos- sess and enjoy any lands, tenements or hereditaments, or any estate or interest derived or arising out of any lands, or tenements, or hereditaments, for the purposes of the said college, and for no otber purposes whatever; and may sell, grant, lease, demise, alienate or dispose of the same, and do or execute all and singular the matters and things that to them shall or may appertain to do; provided, always, that the real estate so held by the said corporation, shall at no time exceed in value the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The said corporation shall have two places of business, one office in the city of Que- bec and the other in the city of Montreal, which shall be in the offices of the secretaries of the college appointed in virtue of article 1, chapter 2, of its statutes, by-laws and regula- tions. Service upon the said corporation shall be effected at either of such offices indifferently, by speaking to a person employed therein, and in all proceedings the domicile of the cor- poration shall be sufficiently designated by the following words : "having a place of busi- ness in each of the cities of Quebec and Montreal." —3 34 . From and after the passing of this act, the persons who compose the College of Physicians and Surgeons, shall be called, "Members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec." § 4. The affairs of the said college shall be conducted by a board of governors, forty in number, and chosen, as hereinafter set forth, for three years, viz : fifteen shall be chosen from amongst the members resident in the District of Montreal, three from amongst the members resident in the District of Three Rivers, and three from amongst the members resident in the District of St. Francis; and of the members of the said board of governors, not less nor more than eight shall reside in the city of Quebec, and not less nor more than ten shall reside in the city of Montreal; provided, always, that the Univer- sity of Laval, at Quebec, shall name two, and the same shall be chosen from amongst the members of said college, residing in the city of Quebec; the University of Laval, at Mon- treal, shall name two; the University of McGill. two; the University of Bishop s College, two- and the incorporated School of Medicine and Surgery, of Montreal, affiliated with the University of Victoria College, or with any other British University, two; which said nominated governors shall be chosen from amongst the members ot the said College of Physicians and Surgeons residing in the city of Montreal; provided that, at any time, the city of Montreal shall not have more than ten governors, and the city of Quebec eight. The governors to be appointed by the institutions mentioned in this section shall not require to have their appointment confirmed or approved by the said college, but on presenting their certificates of nomination, shall have the right to take their seats and enter upon their functions. In case any of the universities, colleges or incorporated med- ical schools now existing in the Province of Quebec, should cease to have its students taught the science of medicine, the power of appointing delegates as hereinbefore pro- vided shall cease ipso facto, and can only be revived when such institutions or any of them shall bona fide resume their teaching. At each election of the board of governors, every member of the said corporation shall have the right of voting by proxy. 2. Of the aforesaid districts, the district of Quebec shall comprise the present judi- cial districts of Quebec, Gaspe. Saguenay. Chicoutimi, Rimuoski, Montmagny, Beauce and Kamouraska; the district of Montreal shall comprise the present judicial districts of Montreal, Terrebonne, Joliette, Richelieu, Bedford, St. Hyacinthe, Iberville. Beauharnois. and Ottawa; the district of Three Rivers shall comprise the present judicial districts of Three Rivers and Athabaska; and the district of St. Francis shall consist of the present judicial district of St. Francis. 3. The members of the board of governors shall be elected for a period of three years, but any member may resign his appointment at any time, by letter addressed to the sec- retary of the said board; and upon the death or resignation of any member of the said board, it shall be the duty of the secretary forthwith to notify the university or body wherein such vacancy may occur, of such death, resignation or removal, and such uni- versity or body shall have the power to nominate another duly qualified person to fill such vacancy; or, if the vacancy be caused by the death, resignation or removal from the elec- toral city or district of any member elected from the electoral cities or districts, the board of governors shall fill up such vacancy from amongst the eligible members of the college in the .city or district where such vacancy shall have occurred, by an election by ballot, at the next ensuing meeting subsequent to the occurrence of such vacancy; and in the event of any vacancy occurring in the said board of governors in consequence of any of the said institutipns ceasing to teach, the place of said governor shall be filled in the same manner, from amongst the members of the said college residing in the city wherein such institution was located during the suspension of such institution to teach, as hereinbefore set forth; and it shall be lawful for the board of governors to exercise, during any such vacancy, the powers of the board hereinafter mentioned. § 5. The said board of governors shall be, and are hereby constituted, "The Provin- cial Medical Board," and in such capacity they shall meet to perform the several duties devolving upon them under this act, as the board of governors of the college, not less than twice in each year, at such time and place as by them shall be deemed most fit, and on which occasions seven shall be a quorum, for the transaction of business. § 6. From and after the passing of thisact.no person shall practice medicine, surgery or midwifery, in the Province of Quebec, unless he shall have obtained a license from the Provincial Medical Board, which is hereby authorized to issue such license; and unless it be enregistcred in accordance with the provisions of this act. § 7. Every person who has obtained or may hereafter obtain, a medical degree or diplom i in any university or college, mentioned in sec. 4 of this act, shall be entitled to such license, without examination as to his medical knowledge and skill; provided that such diploma shall have only been given after four years of study of the medical profes- sion, from the date of his admission to study, and according to the requirements of the existing law; provided, also, that the Provincial Medical Board shall have the power to grant the same privilege to holders of degrees or diplomas of medicine and surgery from other British, Colonial or French Universities or Colleges. § 8. From and after the passing of this act, no person shall be admitted as a student of medicine, surgery or midwifery, unless he shall have obtained a certificate of qualifi- cation from the said Provincial Medical Board. And no one shall be entitled to the license of the college, on presents lion of a diploma, unless he shall have been previously ad- mitted to the study of medicine, in accordance with the provisions of this act, or unless he shall have passed an equivalent preliminary examination before a college, school or board, authorized by law to require and cause such preliminary examinations to be passed in Her Britannic Majesty's possessions, elsewhere than in the Province of Quebec, and acceptable to the board created by this act. 35 § 9. At the first regular meeting of said board, after the passing of this act, there shall be appointed by the Provincial Medical Board, for three years, (subject always to the ap- proval of the board), four persons actually engaged in the work of general education in the Province of Quebec, to examine all persons about to begin the study of medicine, surgery or midwifery, or the subjects of general education hereinafter mentioned, as be- longing to the preliminary qualifications of medical students, viz: one examiner of French and one of English nationality for the city of Montreal, and one of French and one of English nationality for the city of Quebec. The subjects of the preliminary quali- fications to be English and French, Latin, geography, history, arithmetic, algebra, geo- metry, belles-lettres, and any one of the following subjects: Greek, natural or moral philosophy; and the candidates to present a certificate of good moral character; pro- vided, that all medical students who, before the passing of this act, shall have passed their preliminary examination, before the examiner or examiners of any university, incorporated school of medicine or Provincial Medical Board, shall not be required to pass before the examiners mentioned in this section. § 10. Every person wishing to obtain a license to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in this Province, and to be registered under this act, and who shall not have obtained a degree or diploma in medicine, surgery and midwifery, from any of the insti- tutions mentioned in section 4 of this act, shall, before being entitled to such license, and to registration in this Province, pass an examination as to his knowledge and skill for the efficient practice of medicine, surgery and midwifery before this board; and, upon pass- ing the examination required, and proving to the satisfaction of the examiners that he has complied, in an institution for the teaching of medicine, in Her Majesty's Dominions, with the rules and regulations made by the Provincial Board, and on payment of such fees as the board may, by general by-law, establish, such person shall be entitled to a license to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in the Province of Quebec. § 11. All persons coming from any recognized college outside of Her Majesty's Pos- sessions, and who are desirous of obtaining a license from the college, must previously pass the preliminary examination, before the examiners appointed by the Provincial Medical Board, or establish, to the satisfaction of the board, that they have already passed an equivalent examination; they must, moreover, follow, in one of the schools of medicine in this province, a complete course (for six months) of lectures, and such other course or courses as shall be necessary to complete the curriculum required by the. Board; tbey shall also pass a professional examination before the Provincial Medical Board. Such persons may pass their professional examination immediately after their preliminary examination. § 12. The said Board of Governors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons shall have power— 1. To regulate the study of medicine, surgery and midwifery, by making rules with regard to the preliminary qualifications, duration of study, curriculum to be followed, and the age of the candidate applying for a license to practice; provided, always, that such rules shall not be contrary to the provisions of this act. 2. To examine all credentials, all certificates of admission to study or of attendance at lectures, and all other documents purporting to entitle the bearer to a license to prac- tice, and all diplomas, degrees or other qualifications sought to be registered in this Province, and to oblige the bearer thereof to attest on oath (to be administered by the chairman for the time being,) that he is the person whose name is mentioned therein, and that he became possessed thereof legally. 3. To cause every member of the profession now practicing.or who may hereafter prac- tice in the Province of Quebec, to enregister his name, age, place of residence and nativity, the date of his license and the place where he obtained it. in the books of the college. 4 To fix the period of probation which persons must undergo before being eligible for election as governors of the college, which period shall not be less than four years; and to make all such rules and regulations for the government and proper working of the said corporation, and the election of a president and officers thereof, as to the board of governors may Iseem meet and expedient, which said rules and regulations shall, before they shall come into effect, be sanctioned by the Lieutenant Governor of this province, after the same shall have been submitted to him for approval, and by him allowed. § 13. The Provincial Medical Board shall, from time to time, as occasion may require, make rules and regulations: 1 For the guidance of the examiners, and to prescribe the subject and mode of the examinations, the time and place of holding the same, and generally shall make all such rules and regulations in respect of such examinations, not contrary to the provisions of this act, as they may deem expedient and necessary. 2 To regulate the study of medicine, surgery and midwifery, with regard to the pre- liminary Qualifications, duration of study and curriculum of studies to be followed by the students- provided, always, that such rules shall not be contrary to the provisions of this act and ;hat any change in the curriculum of studies fixed by the board, shall not come into effect until one year after such change is made. 3 To appoint assessors either out.of its own body, or from among the registered members of the college, to visit and attend the medical examinations of the various uni- versities colleges and incorporated schools of the Province, and to report to the Provin- cial Board uoon the character of such examinations; but such assessors shall not be chosen out of any of the teachers in any one of the said universities or. incorporated schools and should such report be. at any time, unfavorable to any university, college or incorporated school, the Provincial Board shall, in such cases, and under such circum- stances have the power to refuse the license and the registration of the degrees or diplomas of the institutions so reported upon, until such examinations shall have been 36 amended. For such purposes the Provincial Board shall appoint or elect assessors, two or more of whom shall attend the examinations at each university, college or incorporated medical school, in accordance with the by-law to be hereafter passed by the board. It shall be the duty of the above institutions to notify the Provincial Board of the time or times at which their examinations shall be held, at least one month previous to such examinations. 4. To make tariffs of rates to be charged in towns and country for medical, obstetrical or surgical advice, or for attendance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medicines which shall have been prescribed or supplied. 5. Such a tariff, to be valid, must be approved by the Lieutenant Governor of the Pro- vince of Quebec, in Council, and can only come into force six months after the publica- tion of such tariff, as well as of the order in council approving the same, at least once in the Quebec Official Gazette. Such tariff shall not, in case of suit, obviate the necessity of proof of the giving of advice, care, prescriptions, medicines and other things therein mentioned, according to the laws then in force. § 14. The Provincial Medical Board shall have the power to fix by by-law, the salary or fees to be paid to the officers, to the examiners and the assessors appointed by the said board; as well, also, the fees to be paid by all candidates entering on the study of medi- cine, as also by all candidates for license to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery, as well as the fees to be paid for registration; and the said board may dispose of all fees received in whatever manner they may think most conducive to the interests of the college. § 15. The qualifications to be required from a candidate for obtaining a license, authorizing him to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery, shall consist in his holding a certificate of study from a licensed physician, for the period intervening between the course of lectures which he has followed; that he is not less than twenty-one years of age; that he has followed his studies during a period of not less than four years, com- mencing from the date of his admission to the study of medicine by this board, and that, during the said four years, he shall have attended, at some university, college or incor- porated school of medicine, within Her Majesty's dominions, not less than two six ■ months' courses of general or descriptive anatomy, of practical anatomy, of surgery, of practice of medicine, of midwifery, of chemistry, of materia medica and general thera- peutics, of the institutes of medicine, of physiology and general pathology; of clinical medicine and of clinical surgery, one six months' course or two three months' courses- of medical jurisprudence and of hygiene, one three months' course; of botany, one three months' course, and a course of not less than twenty-five demonstrations.upon microscopic anatomy, physiology and pathology; also, that he shall have attended the general prac- tice of a hospital in which are contained not less than fifty beds, under the charge of not less than two physicians or surgeons, for a period of not less than one year and a half or three periods of not less than six months each; and that he shall also have attended'six cases of labor, and compounded medicines for six months. And to remove all doubts with regard to the number of lectures which the incorporated schools of medicine of the Pro- vince of Quebec are bound to give, it is enacted and declared, that each six months' course shall consist of one hundred and twenty lectures, except in the case of clinical medicine, clinical surgery and medical jurisprudence. Of the four years' study required by this act, three six months' sessions at least shall be passed in attendance upon lec- tures at a university, college or incorporated school of medicine recognized by this board, the first whereof shall be so passed the session immediately succeeding the pre- liminary examination, and the last during the fourth year of study, and the candidate shall undergo an examination on the final subjects of the curriculum, at the end of the session in his fourth year of study. § 16. All persons obtaining the license to practice from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, shall be styled members of the said college but shall not be eligible as governors within a period of four years from the date of their admissions as members; and the said election of governors shall be made under such rules and regulations therefor and in such manner as the board of governors shall ordain. The members of the college shall pay the sum-of two dollars a year for the use of the college. § 17. The Provincial Medical Board shall have the power to make rules and regula- tions respecting the admission of females to the study and the practice of midwiferv in the Province, and shall determine the degree, the nature and extent of knowledge and qualifications required from women who wish to practice midwifery: Provided always that all females who, at the time of the passing of this act, shall have been legallv Quali- fied to practice as midwives in this Province, shall retain that right, but shall be reauired to conform to such rules and regulations as may hereafter be made by the College of Physicians.and burgeons of Quebec respecting them. Nothing in 1 his section or in the by-laws which may be made shall prevent, as it occurs often, women in the countrv from practicing midwifery or assisting midwifery without being admitted to the study or the practice of midwifery; but they must obtain a certificate from a duly licensed Dhvsieian ascertaining that they have the necessary knowledge. ' *u u § I,8' a ohe Provincial Medical Board shall cause to be kept by the registrar a book to be called Register, in which shall be entered, from time to time, the' names of all persons who shall have been duly licensed and registered under the act 40 Vict., chap 26 or unde? this act, and who shall have complied with the enactments hereinafter contained and with the rules or regulations made or to be made by the Provincial Medical Board re- specting the qualifications to be required from practitioners of medicine surgerv and midwifery in the Province of Quebec; and. those persons only whose names have been or shall hereafter be, inscribed in the register above mentioned, shall be deemed to be qualified and licensed to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in the Province of Quebec. And such register shall at all.times be open and subject to inspection by anv duly registered practitioner in the Province, or by any other person 37 •J^ 2* shall be the dity of the registrar to keep the register correctly, in accordance with the provisions of this act. and the orders and regulations of the Provincial Medical Board; and he shall, from time to time, make the necessary alterations in the addresses or qualifications of the persons registered under this act; and the said registrar shall perform such other duties as shall be imposed upon him by the Provincial Medical Board. § 20. The registrar of the college, under, the direction of the board of governors, shall cause to be printed and published, and distributed to the members of the college, from time to time, a copy of the register of the said names, which he shall place in alpha- betical order, inserting the names and surnames, respective residences, medical titles, diplomas and qualifications conferred by the college or other medical body, with the dates of the same, of the persons appearing on the then existing register at the date of such publication, and such register shall be called the "Quebec Medical Register;" and a printed copy of such register, certified under the hand of such registrars as such, shall be prima facie evidence before all courts, and all justices of the peace and others, that the persons therein named and entered have been registered in accordance with the provi- sions of said act; and the absence of the name of any person from such copy shall be prima facie proof that such person has not been registered in accordance with the requirements of the said act: Provided always, that in such case, where a person's name does not appear on such printed copy, a copy or an extract from the register, certified by the registrar of the college, of the entry of such person's name on the register, shall be proof that such person is registered in accordance with the provisions of the present act. And a certificate, under the hand of the registrar, that any member whose name appears on the register has paid his annual contributions to the college, shall be received in all courts of justice as prima facie evidence that such payments have been made. § 21. If the registrar be convicted of a felony, he shall be disqualified from again hold- ing any office in the college. § 22. Every member of the medical profession who, at the time of the passing of this act, may be possessed of a license from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in the Province of Quebec, and who shall not have been registered under the act 40 Vict., chap. 26, shall, on the payment to the registrar of the fee of one dollar, and of all annual dues and contributions by him due and payable to the heretofore College of Physicians and Surgeons of this Province, enacted under the act 40 Vict., chap. 26, be entitled to be registered, and is obliged to cause himself to be so registered, on producing to the registrar the documents conferring or evidencing the qualification, or each of the qualifications, in respect whereof he seeks to be so registered, or upon transmitting, by post, to such registrar, information of his name and address, and evidence of the qualifications in respect whereof he seeks to be registered, and of the time or times at which the same was or were respectively obtained. § 23. Any person required or entitled to be registered under this act, and who shall neglect or omit to be so registered, shall not be entitled to practice medicine, surgery, or midwifery, or to claim any of the rights and privileges conferred by this act, and shall be liable to all the penalties imposed by this act. or by any other act, upon any person prac- ticing medicine, surgery or midwifery, without being registered as required by the said act. § 24. Any person who has attended medical lectures, during three sessions of any medical school in the British Dominions, and who has been actually engaged in the prac- tice of the profession'of medicine for a period of over thirty years in this Province, may, on proof of these facts to the satisfaction of the Provincial Medical Board, and who pro- duces, moreover, a certificate, signed by two resident medical practitioners in the neigh- borhood where he has practiced, that he has succeeded in his profession, and is entitled to the consideration of the board, be entitled to a license to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery in this Province, and to registration without examination. § 25. No person, unless otherwise duly authorized, shall be entitled to recover any charge, in any court of law. for any medical or surgical advice, or for attendance, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medicine which he shall have prescribed or supplied, nor be entitled to any of the rights or privileges conferred by this act, unless he shall prove that he is registered under this act, and has paid his annual contribution to the college. § 26. No certificate required by this or any other act now in force, from any physician or surgeon or medical practitioner, shall be valid, unless the person signing the same be registered under this act. § 27 Any registered member of the medical profession, who shall have been convicted of any felony in any court of law, shall thereby forfeit his right to registration, and, by the direction of the Provincial Medical Board, his name shall be erased from the register; or, in case a person known to have been convicted of felony shall present himself for regis- tration, the registrar shall refuse such registration. § 28 Any person not entitled to be registered in this province, who shall be convicted, upon the oath of one or more witnesses, of having practiced medicine, surgery or mid- wifery in the Province of Quebec in contravention of the provisions of this act, after the gassing of this,act. for hire, for money, goods or effects generally, whatsoever, or in the one of receiving any money, goods or effects, in the hope of reward (or who shall receive any reward whatsoever), shall, for piacticing medicine, surgery or midwifery, incur a penalty of fifty dollars. 2 A like penalty of fifty dollars shall be incurred by any person assuming, after the Dassing of this act. the title of doctor, physician or surgeon, or any other name implying that he or she is legally authorized to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery in this province, if unable to establish the fact by legal proof, as required by the present act and the laws of the country. 3 Any person who, after the passing of this act, in an advertisement published in a newspaper or in written or printed circulars, or on business cards, or on signs, assumes a 38 title, name or designation of such a nature as to lead the public to suppose or believe that he or she is duly registered or qualified as a practitioner of medicine, surgery or mid- wifery, or any of such branches of the medical profession, or any person who offers or gives his or her services as physician, surgeon or accoucheur, for hire, gain, or hope of reward, if he or she be not duly authorized or registered in this province, shall, in each such case, incur a like penalty of fifty dollars. 4. In every prosecution under this act, the proof of registration shall be incumbent upon the party prosecuted. 5. The penalties imposed by this act shall be recovered by an ordinary civil suit, in the name of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, before any circuit court of the county or of the district in which the defendant is domiciled, or in which the offense in committed; and the court, if the proof is sufficient, may condemn the defendant to pay a penalty of fifty dollars, in addition to the costs, within a delay which it shall determine, and to an imprisonment of sixty days in the common gaol of the district, in default of his paying the amount of the judgment within such delay. The warrant of such imprisonment, in such cases, shall issue under the hand of the clerk of the said court, on a written application of the attorney ad litem of the prosecutor, and may mutatis mutandis, be according to form (O 1). in the schedule to the Federal act, 32-33 Victoria, chapter 31, and shall be executed in the usual way: Provided, always, that he may, at any time, claim his discharge before the expiration of the said sixty days, on paying the pen- alty and costs to which he shall have been condemned. 6. The penalties imposed by this act shall be recoverable with costs, and the same may be sued for and recovered by the said College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, by its corporate name; and, being recovered, shall belong to the said corporation for the use thereof. And neither in any such suit, nor in any other civil action to or in which the said corporation may be a party or interested, shall any member of the corporation be deemed incompetent as a witness by reason of his being such member. § 29. In all cases where proof of registration under this act is required, the production of a printed or other copy or extract from the register, certified under the hand of the registrar of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, for the time being, shall be sufficient evidence that all persons therein named are registered practitioners, in lieu of the production of the original register; and any certificate upon such printed or other copy of the register, or extract from such register, purporting to be signed by any person, in his capacity of register of the college, under this act, shall be prima facie evidence that such person is such registrar, without any proof of his signa- ture, or of his being in fact such registrar. § 30. The present board of governors, elected under the provisions of the acts here- inbefore repealed, shall be continued, and shall act until after the next triennial election, but subject in all other respects to the provisions of this act; and all by-laws, rules and regulations heretofore made by the said College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, shall remain in force until repealed or modified under the provisions of this act. § 31. The officers appointed under the provisions of the acts repealed shall retain their respective offices, and perform their respective duties under the provisions of tbis act; and all books and registers heretofore kept by them in conformity with the acts hereby repealed, shall be continued in use for their respective purposes under this act. § 32. The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec is hereby vested with all the rights, powers, privileges, property and assets heretofore belonging to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, and of the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons erected under the act 40 Vict., chap. 26. § 33. No person licensed to practice as aforesaid, and enregistered under the said act 40 Vict., chap. 26. shall, by reason of anything contained in this act, be relieved or dis- charged from the fulfillment of all and every his requirements and obligations, fees, dues, fines and penalties, due and incurred under the said act, to and in favor of the here- tofore college under the said late act, and specially in and by the 15th. 20th and 21st sec- tions of the said act, all which shall be recoverable and enforceable against delinquents therefor, by the said college established by this act; and until the same shall have been complied with and settled with the said present college, such delinquents shall not be entitled to any of the rights and privileges conferred unon registered licentiates under this act. § 34. It shall be lawful for the president of the college, if he shall deem it expedient so to do, at any time, by an authority under his hand and seal, to authorize, name, con- stitute and appoint any person other than any of the officers of the said college, whoever he may select, to institute any proceedings against any person whom he may suppose to have infringed any of the provisions of this act, and to collect any and all sums of money payable to the said college by any person under this act. § 35. Nothing in this act contained shall be construed to affect the rights of anv per- sons under the provisions of the act 28 Vict., chap. 59, and amended thereto, 29 Vict.. chap. 95. § 36. This act will come into force on the day of the sanction thereof. Assented to October 31,1879; May 27,1882. medical department of m'gill university, Montreal, Que. (Pop. 140 747.) Organized in 1824 as the Montreal Medical Institution; became the Medical Depart- ment of McGill University in 1829. No class graduated during the Canadian Rebellion 1837-40.—Faculty embraces thirteen professors, four demonstrators and two instructors 39 Graduates. Percent. 27 16+ 37 22+ 30 18+ 38 22.7 27 17.5 30 16 — Course of Instruction: One annual session of twenty-four weeks' duration, compul- sory, and one summer course, optional, annually.—The complete course of study extends over four sessions of graded instruction withweeklyquizzes.—At the end of the first year sessional examinations must be passed on anatomj, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, botany, practical anatomy.—At the end of the second year pass examinations on anatomy, practical anatomy, physiology, chemistry,practical chemistry, materia medica. —Third year, sessional examinations on medical jurisprudence with toxicology, hygiene. medicine, surgery, midwifery.—Fourthyear, final pass examinations on medicine, surgery. midwifery, clinical medicine, clinical surgery, medical anatomy, surgical anatomy. Requirements: For admission, see section 8, Quebec Medical Act. For graduation, see section 15. Quebec Medical Act. Fees: For first year, $79; second, $92; third, $75; fourth, $65; hospital, $28; matricula- tion, $5; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. 1877-78 161 1878-79 166 1879-80 166 1880-81 168 1881-82 154 1882-83 188 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, eighteen, Number of graduates in Illinois, 20. Remarks: Stringent rules govern the students in this and other Canadian institu- tions. See remarks under Western University. Ecole de Medicine et de Chirurgie. (Affiliated with the University of Victoria.) Montreal, Que. Organized in 1843. Degrees were first conferred on its students in 1845. Degrees have been conferred each subsequent year—The faculty embraces twelve professors, one lec- turer and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One annual session of six months' duration; attendance upon which is compulsory. Students are not received after the first month. The com- plete course extends over three years of graded instruction with weekly quizzes. Lec- tures embrace chemistry, pharmacy, toxicology, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of women and children, physiology, pathology, principles and practice of medicine and surgery, medical jurisprudence, botany, hygiene, histology and ophthalmology. Requirements: For admission, see section eight of the Quebec Medical Act. For graduation, see section fifteen of the Quebec Medical Act. Fees: Matriculation, $2; lectures, $120; dissection, $6; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 111 6 5.4 1882-83 --- 33 --- Number of ^graduates (of Victoria University) in Illinois, 4. St. Lawrence School of Medicine. Quebec, Que. Organized in 1851. Extinct 1852. Medical Departments of Laval University. Montreal and Quebec. (Pop. Quebec, 62 446.) nr-franired in 1852. The department in Quebec is the successor of the Quebec School ^fMerficfne wWcliwasorganized in 1848 and existed four years. The Department in MnnfreaTKow^ and was organized in 1878 The first class gradu- ated in 1855 and a class has graduated each year since.-The faculty embraces twenty-six chairs, thirteen in each school. Pottrsf of Instruction: One annual session of about thirty-five weeks duration; attendance iPs^compulsory; the course is graded and extends over four years.-Lectures «~HivHed into two sections, primary and final. Primary-descriptive anatomy 240 lec- ^nt?nKatoS two hours each, microscopical anatomy and his- tolojyT20Tenures? phys ology 150 lectures, general pathology 80 lectures, hygiene 60 40 lectures, chemistry 240 lectures, botany 60 lectures; examinations at the end of this course. Final section includes materia medica and general therapeutics 240 lectures, surgical pathology and theoretical surgery 240 lectures, medical pathology and special therapeu- tics 240 lectures, toxicology 240 lectures, medical jurisprudence 60 lectures, toxicology 60* lectures, diseases of the eye and ear 60 lectures, practical operative surgery 40 lectures, clinical surgery 180 lectures, clinical medicine 180 lectures, clinical studies of the diseases of the eye and ear 60 lectures, clinical midwifery not less than six cases, clinical study of diseases of women and children; examinations at the end of this course. Requirements: For admission, see section eight of the Quebec Medical Act. For graduation, see section fifteen of the Quebec Medical Act. Fees: Annual fee, $54; diploma, $20. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculate's. Graduates. Percent, 1877-78 70 15 21.4 1878-79 65 ■ 9 13.8 1879-80 56 16 28.5 1880-81 97 13 13.5 1881-82 104 12 11.5 1882-83 117 26 22.+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, eighteen. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. Bishop's College University, Faculty of Medicine. Montreal, Que. Organized in 1870. The first class was graduated in 1871, and a class has been gradu- ated each year since.—Faculty embraces thirteen professors, two lecturers, one demon- strator and curator. Course of Instruction: One regular course of twenty-four weeks' duration annu- ally, and preliminary course of four weeks' duration. Course graded and extending over three and four years; longer course recommended but not required. Daily examinations and calling of the roll.—Lectures embrace, first session, botany, anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, medicine, gynecology, ophthalmology, otology, hygiene, practical chemistry, practical histology, dissections, hospital practice, clinical lectures. Third session, medicine, surgery, pathology, obstetrics, medical jurisprudence, hospital practice and clinical lectures. Requirements: For admission, see section 8, Quebec Medical Act. For graduation see section 15, Quebec Medical Act. Fees: Matriculation, $2; lectures, including clinical lectures, $136; chemistry, $12; anatomy. $6; histology, $16; hospital, $12; graduation and registration, $21. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 43 10 23+ 1878-79 30 9 30 1879-80 28 6 21.4 1880-81 31 5 16+ 1881-82 55 6 10.9 1882-83 34 3 8.8 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, eighteen. Remarks: R. A. Kennedy. M.D., Registrar, writes: "During the past year, only 50 per cent, of our candidates [for admission! were successful at examination. It has been our aim to adopt the most modern views in imparting medical instruction." COLORADO. Population, 194,327. Number of physicians, 570. Number of inhabitants to each phy- sician, 341. An Act to Protect the Public Health and Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Colorado. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado: Section 1. That a board is hereby established which shall be known under the name and style of the State Board of Medical Examiners, to be composed of nine practicing 41 physicians of known ability and integrity, who are graduates of medical schools of un- doubted respectability, giving each of the three schools nf medicine (known as the regu- lf*r, homoeopathic and eclectic schools) a representation as follows, to-wit: six physicians 01 the regular, two of the homoeopathic, and one of the eclectic school or system of medicine. § 2. The Governor of this State shall, as soon as practicable after this act shall have become a law. appoint a State Board of Medical Examiners, as provided in section one of this act, and the members first appointed shall be so designated by the Governor that the term of office of three shall expire in two years from the date of appointment, the term of office of three shall expire in four years f:om the date of appointment, and the term of office of three shall expire in six years from the date ot appointment; thereafter, the Governor shall biennially appoint three members, possessing qualifications as speci- fied in section one, to serve for the term of six years, and he shall also fill all vacancies that may occur, as soon as soon as practicable: Provided, that in making biennial appoint- ments or filling vacancies, the representation of the medical schools in the board shall not be changed from the original basis, as in section one of this act. § 3. The board of medical examiners shall, as soon after their appointment as practi- cable, organize by the election of one of their members as president, one as secretary and one as treasurer, and adopt such rules as are necessary for their guidance in the per- formance of the duties assigned them, and aiso adopt a seal, which shall be affixed to all certificates issued by them to practitioners of medicine. § 4. That every person practicing medicine in any of its departments, shall possess the qualifications required by this act. If a graduate in medicine, he shall present his diploma to the Stats Board of Medical Examiners for verification, or furnish other evi- dence conclusive of his being a graduate of a legally chartered medical school in good standing; the State Board of Medical Examiners shall issue its certificate to that effect, signed by a majority of the members thereof, and such diploma or evidence shall be con- clusive as to the right of the lawful holder of the same to practice medicine in this State. If not a graduate of a legally chartered medical institution in good standing, the person practicing, or wishing to practice medicine in this State, shall present himself before said board of medical examiners and submit himself to such examination as defined in section seven of this act, and if the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said board of medical examiners shall issue its certificate in accordance with the facts, and the law- ful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges herein men- tioned. All persons who have made the practice of medicine and surgery their profes- sion or business continuously, for the period of ten flO) years, within this State, and can furnisb satisfactory evidence thereof to the State Board of Medical Examiners, shall receive from said board a license to continue practice in the State of Colorado. § 5. The State Board of Medical Examiners, within ninety (90) days after the passage of this act, sball receive, through its president, applications for certificates and examina- tions. Tbe president of said Board of Medical Examiners shall have the authority to administer oaths, and the said Board of Medical Examiners to take testimony in all mat- ters relating to its duties. It shall issue certificates to all who furnish satisfactory proofs of having received diplomas from some legally chartered medical institution in good standing. It shall prepare two (2) forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas, the other for candidates examined by its members. It shall furnish to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all persons receiving certificates. Certifi- cates shall be signed by a majority of the members of the Board of Medical Examiners granting them. § 6. There shall be paid to the treasurer of the State Board of Medical Examiners a fee of five dollars ($5) for each certificate issued to graduates or practitioners of ten (10) years' standing, and no further charges shall be made to the applicant; candidates for examination shall pay a fee of ten dollars ($10) in advance. § 7. All examinations of persons, not graduates, shall be made directly by the State Board of Medical Examiners. Examinations may be in whole, or part, in writing, and the subjects of examination shall be as follows: Anatomy, physiology, chemistry, pathology, surgery, obstetrics and practice of medicine, (exclusive of materia medica and thera- peutics.) § 8 Every person holding a certificate from the State Board of Medical Examiners shall have it recorded in the office of the clerk of the county in which he resides, and the record shall be endorsed thereon. Any person removing to another county to prac- tice shall procure an endorsement to that effect on the certificate from the county clerk, and shall record the certificate in like manner in the county to which he removes, and the holder of the certificate shall pay to the county clerk a fee of one dollar ($1) for making the record. § 9 The county clerk shall keep in a book provided for the purpose a complete list of the certificates recorded by him. If the certificate be based on a diploma, he shall record the name of the medical institution conferring it and the date when conferred. This register shall be open to public inspection in business hours. § 10 The State Board of Medical Examiners may refuse certificates to individuals who have been convicted of conduct of a criminal nature, and they may revoke certifi- cates for like causes. 5 11 Any person shall be regarded as practicing medicine within the meaning of this act who shall profess publicly to be a physician and prescriber for the sick, or shall attach to his name the title "M. D," or "Surgeon," or "Doctor," in a medical sense. But nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit gratuitous services in cases of emergency. $ 12 Any person practicing medicine or surgery in any of their departments, in this tate without complying with the provisions of this act, shall be punished by a fine of 42 not less than fifty dollars ($50), nor more than three hundred dollars ($300), or by imprison- ment in the county jail for not less than ten (10) nor more than thirty (30) days, or by fine and imprisonment, for each and every offense; and any person filing, or attempting to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or who shall give false or forged evidence of any kind, shall be guilty of a felony, and upon conviction shall be subject to such fine and imprisonment as are made and provided by the statutes of this State for the crime of forgery. § 13. All fees received by the treasurer of said board of examiners, and all fines col- lected by any officer of the law, under this act, shall be paid into the State treasury; and all necessary expenses of the board shall be paid for out of the funds of the State treasury not otherwise appropriated; but no fee shall be required or accepted by any member of the board for services. § 14. The State Board of Medical Examiners shall meet as a board of medical exam- iners in the city of Denver, on the first Tuesday of January. July and October of each year, and at such other times and places as may be found necessary for the performance of their duties. § 15. Justices of the peace and all courts of record in the State of Colorado shall have full jurisdiction over and power to enforce the provisions of this act. Approved March 14,1881. Medical Department of the University of Denver. Denver, Col. (Pop. 35 629.) Organized in 1881. The first class graduated in 1882.—The faculty embraces thirteen professors, three lecturers and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: Extends over two courses of twenty-four weeks each; graded course recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, surgical pathology, principles and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, diseases of women, obstetrics, diseases of chest and climatology, phys- iology, anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, chemistry, diseases of the mind and nervous system, medical-jurisprudence, ophthalmology, practical chemistry, microscopy, pathological anatomy, laryngology and rhinoscopy. Requirements: For admission, (a) high school or college diploma, or (b) certificate of proficiency from a reputable teacher, or (c) matriculation examination in English com- position, writing, grammar, arithmetic, natural philosophy, rudiments of Latin.—For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) practical anatomy and chemistry for two sessions; (6j thesis; (7) satisfactory examination on seven different branches. Fees: Annual, $85; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 15 5 33 + 1882-83 21 5 23.8 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates, during the past two years, twenty-eight. Remarks: Course tickets are now endorsed on the back, certifying that the lectures of the professors signing have been actually attended. Medical Department of the University of Colorado. Boulder, Col. (Pop. 3069.) Organized in 1883.—The faculty embraces two professors, an instructor and a demon- strator. Course of Instruction: One annual graduating course of thirty-four weeks' dura- tion. The course is graded and extends over four years. During the session of'83-84 only the studies of the first year's course will be taught, viz: Anatomy, physiology, chemistry and botany. Requirements: For admission, (1) diploma from recognized college, high school or scientific school, or (2) satisfactory written examination in English, Latin and physics, and either German, French, algebra, geometry or botany. Fees: Matriculation, $5 for residents, $10 for non-residents. 43 CONNECTICUT. Population 537 454. Number of physicians, 952. Number of inhabitants to each physi- cian, 575. An Act to Prevent Irregular Medical Practice. i ^ECTi1°?fi1- Any itinerant person, not an inhabitant of this State, who shall, by circu- lar, handbill or any other mode of advertisement, profess to treat, and shall, in any town in tnis estate, treat disease or injury by any drug, nostrum, manipulation or other expe- dient, shall be fined twenty-five dollars for each day that he shall exercise his profession without procuring a license therefor. § 2. Selectmen in towns and the chief officer of police in cities, may issue such licen- ses upon payment to the town or city treasurer by such itinerant person of the sum of twenty dollars for each day for which his license may be granted. The license shall distinctly state the number of days for which it shall be in force, and may be renewed at its expiration for any further time, upon the same terms. Such selectmen and chief offi- cer of police shall record such licences in books kept by them for that purpose, which shall be open to public inspection. tt -^ 3j This act shall not apply to commissioned surgeons in the army or navy of the Lnitea States, to any persons rendering gratuitous services in cases of emergency, nor to any physician or surgeon coming into this State from another State to consult in any par- ticular case. § 4. Prosecutions for violations of this act may be heard and determined by police courts, where established, and by justices of the peace in towns in which such courts have no criminal jurisdiction. Approved April 12.1881. Medical Department of Yale College, New Haven, Conn. (Pop. 50 840.) Organized in 1810, as the Medical Institution of Yale College. In 1879 a new charter changed the title to the present reading.—The faculty embraces eight professors and eight lecturers. The system of instruction is arranged in a graded course extending over three years, thirty-four weeks in each year.—Lectures embraced in the first course: general and medi- cal chemistry, qualitative analysis and toxicology, anatomy, dissections, histology, mate- ria medica, and therapeutics. Second year: Anatomy, dissection, physiology, pathology, materia medica, therapeutics, theory and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, obstet- rics, surgery, clinical surgery. Third year: Pathology, theory and practice of medicine, physical diagnosis, clinical medicine, clinical surgery, obstetrics, diseases of children, diseases of women, ophthalmology, medical jurisprudence, insanity, diseases of the throat, dietetics and toxicology. Students who have studied elsewhere, either in any recognized medical school or under private preceptor of good standing, may enter an ad- vanced class, upon passing the examinations required of equal grade. Requirements: For admission, (a) a degree in letters or science; or, (b) passage of ex- amination for admission to some college; or, (c) examination in(l) mathematics,including algebra, geometry, and metric system of weights and measures; (2):Latin; (3j physics. Students not fully prepared will be admitted on condition that the deficiency be made up within a reasonable time.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age: (2) good moral character; (3) pass the required examinations in all the studies of the three years' course satisfactory to the Board of Examiners. Fees: Matriculation (paid once only), $5; tuition, annual, $200; for third year, $100; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 58 10 17 + 1878-79 60 16 26.6 1879-80 32 12 37.5 1880-81 26 10 42 + 1881-82 21 2 9.5 1882-83 32 7 21.9 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-five. Number of graduates in Illinois, 6. Prof. C, A. Lindsley, M. D., Dean, writes: "The falling off of matriculates during the last three years is due to the fact that an examination for admission was required which excluded a large proportion of such as used to be admitted. The term of study was also increased and this made the expenses somewhat greater. Ten students applied for the degree at the last graduation examination, and three of the number were rejected. The Board of Examiners consists of the faculty and an equal number of the members of the Connecticut State Medical Society. 44 DAKOTA. Population, 135177. Number of physicians, 212. Number of inhabitants to each phy- sician, 642. A law designed to regulate the practice of medicine and surgery passed the Territo- rial Legislature at the session of 1882, but was vetoed by the Governor. A similar law was introduced at the last (1883) session, and was referred to a committee, the chairman of which was a member of the medical profession, but who refused to bring the measure before the legislative body. DELAWARE. Population, 146 608. Number of physicians, 217. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 675. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Delaware. Be it enacted by the Senate" and House of Representatives of the State of Delaware in General Assembly met: Section 1. That it shall not be lawful for any person to practice medicine or surgery in this State who has not graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine and received a diploma from some medical college authorized to grant diplomas: Provided, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to persons who have been eight years in con- tinuous practice in this State or who are now, or may hereafter be authorized by the Board of Medical Examiners of this State, as prescribed in Chap. 37, Sec. 3 of the Revised Code of the State of Delaware. (The Medical Board of Examiners shall be composed of as many fellows as the Society shall deem proper. The said Society shall appoint its own president and secretary and shall have power to grant licenses under their signatures for the practice of medicine and surgery in this State and they are hereby required to grant such licenses to any person applying therefor who shall produce a diploma from a respectable medical college, or shall upon full and impartial examination be found quali- fied for such practice.) § 2. That any person who shall practice or attempt to practice medicine or surgery, or shall prescribe for any sick person or persons or perform any surgical operation for fee or reward, in violation of Sec. 1 of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof in any court of competent jurisdiction shall be fined in a sum of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars for each and every offense, at the discretion of the court, one half of said fine to be for the use of the informer, and the other half for the use of The State Board of Health. § 3. Anv person who shall attempt to practice medicine or surgery by opening a transient office within this State, or who shall by hand bills or other form of written or printed matter or advertisement assign such transient office or place to meet persons seeking medical or surgical advice or prescription, shall, before being allowed to practice as aforesaid, appear, before the clerk of the peace of any of the counties of this State and furnish to him satisfactory evidence that the provisions of Sec. 1 of this act have been complied with; the said clerk of the peace shall thereupon issue to the person so applying a license to practice medicine and surgery in any of the counties of this State, provided, that the person so applying shall pay or cause to be paid to the said clerk of the peace as a license fee the sum of two hundred dollars per annum for said privilege. § 4. The provisions of this act shall not apply to physicians who are regular practi- tioners of any other State, coming into this State, in consultation. § 5. That within ninety days after the passage of this act every physician engaged in the practice of medicine or surgery in this State, shall register with the clerk of the peace of the county in which he resides, his name, date of graduation, and the college from which he was graduated; and make oath or affirmation that the diploma or certificate of his qualification to practice, which he is hereby required to exhibit to the clerk of the peace, is a bona fide diploma or certificate, and conferred upon him by the institution named therein; or that he has been a practitioner of medicine and surgery for eight years or more. Any person hereafter engaging in the practice of medicine or surgery in this State shall be required to register as above. Any one failing to comply with the pro- visions of this section shall forfeit the sum of ten dollars, to be collected by the clerk of the peace before any justice of the county, in the name of the State of Delaware, and all sums collected shall be appropriated as follows: One-half to the clerk of the peace, and one-half to be paid by him to the county treasurer for county purposes. § 6. That all acts or parts of acts inconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed. Passed April 19, 1883. 45 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Population, 177 624. Number of physicians, 423. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 419. An Act to Revise, with Amendments, an Act to Incorporate the Medical Society of the District of Columbia. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled : . • Section 1. That Frederick May, M. D., Alexander McWilliams, M. D., and twenty others, and such other persons as the^ may from time to time elect, and their successors, are hereby declared to be a commuiuty, corporation and body politic, forever, or until Congress shall by law direct this charter to cease and determine, by and under the name and title of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia; and by and under the same name and title they shall be able and capable in law to purchase, take, have, and enjoy, to them and their successors, in fee or for lease, estate or estates, any land, tenements, rents, annuities, chattels, bank stock, registered debts, or other public securities within the District, by the gift, bargain, sale, or demise, of any person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, capable to make the same, and the same, at their pleasure to alien, sell, transfer, or lease and apply, to such purposes as they may adjudge most conducive to the promoting and disseminating medical and surgical knowledge, and for no other purpose whatever: Provi'ien, nevertheless, that the said society or body politic shall not, at any one time, hold or possess property, real, personal, or mixed, exceeding in total value the sum of six thousand dollars per annum. § 2. That the members of the said society above designated, shall hold, in the city of "Washington,-two stated meetings in every year, viz: on the first Mondays in January and July; the officers of the society to consist of a president, two vice-presidents, one cor- responding secretary, one recording secretary, one treasurer, and one librarian, who shall be appointed on the first Monday in July, one thousand eight hundred and thirty- eight and on the annual meeting in January forever thereafter, and who shall hold their offices for one year, and until others are chosen in their stead, (not less than seven mem- bers being present at such meeting); and the society may make a common seal and may elect into their body such medical and chirurgieal practitioners, within the District of Columbia, as they may deem qualified to become members of the Society, it being under- stood that the officers of the society now elected are to remain in office until the next election after the passage of this act. § 3. That it shall and may be lawful for the said medical society, or any members of them attending, (not less than seven) to elect by ballot five persons residents of the Dis- trict of Columbia, whose duty it shall be to grant licenses to such medical and chirurgieal gentlemen as tbey may, upon a full examination, judge qualified to practice the medical and chirurgieal arts, or as may produce a diploma from some respectable medical college or society, each person so obtaining a certificate tb pay a sum, not exceeding ten dollars, to be fixed on or ascertained by the society. § 4. That any three of the examiners shall constitute a board for examining such candidates as may apply, and shall subscribe their names to each certificate by them granted, which certificate shall also be countersigned by the president of the society, and have the seal of the society affixed thereto by the secretary, upon paying into the hands of the treasurer the sum of money to be ascertained as above by the society; and any one of the said examiners may grant a license to practice until a board in conformity to this act can be held: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall authorize the said cor- poration in anywise to regulate the practice of medical or chirurgieal attendance on such persons as may need those services, nor to establish or fix a tariff of charges or fees for medical attendance or advice. § 5. That after the appointment of the aforesaid medical board, no person not heretofore' a practitioner of medicine or surgery within the Di-trict of Columbia. shall be allowed to practice within the said District, in either of said branches, without first having obtained a license, testified as by this law directed, or the production of a diploma from a respectable medical college or a board of examiners established by law Provided, that the professors in such college, or the examiners in such board, be men regularly instructed in medicine and surgery, and the collateral branches of medical education, anatomy, chemistry, under the penalty of fifty dollars for each offense, to be recovered in the county court, where he may reside, by bill of presentment and indict- ment, one-half for the use of the society, and the other for that of the informer. § 6. That every person who, upon application, shall be elected a member of the med- ical society, shall pay a sum not exceeding ten dollars, to be ascertained by the society. § 7 That the medical society be, and they are hereby, empowered from time to time to make such by-laws, rules and regulations as they may find requisite, which by-laws rules and regulations shall, in their application and operation, be ex- clusively confined to said society, as a society or body corporate, and not to its mem- bers individually, when not acting in a corporate character; to break or alter their common seal; to fix the times and places for the meetings of the boards of examiners; filling up vacancies in the medical board; and to do and perform such other things as may oe requisite for carrying this act into execution, aud which may not be repugnant to the Constitution and laws of the United States: Provided, always, that it shall and may be lawful for any person, resident as aforesaid, and not prohibited as aforesaid, when spe- cially sent for to come into any part of this district, and administer or prescribe medi- cine or perform any operation for the relief of such, to whose assistance he may be sent for- ' And provided also, that nothing in this act contained shall be so construed as to nrevent any person, living within or without said District, from administering medicine or performing any surgical operation, with the consent of the person or the attendants of 46 the person to whom such medicine is administered, or upon whom such surgical opera- tion is performed, without fee or reward; nor to prevent the giving advice or assistance n any way to the sick or afflicted, upon cbarity and kindness; nor to prevent the receipt of reward for the same, if voluntarily tendered or made; nor to extend to midwifery by females; and any person so administering medicine or performing any surgical operation, not authorized to practice physic and surgery according to the provisions of this act, shall be prohibited from collecting any fee or reward for the same by any process at law: And be it further provided, That no person shall be admitted to an examination until he shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has studied physic and surgery three years, including one full course of medical lectures, as usually taught at medical schools, or four years without such a course of lectures. § 8. That Congress may at any time alter, amend or annul this act of incorporation of said society at pleasure. Approved July 7, 1838. Dr. John S. Billings, Surgeon, U. S. A., writes: "There are a certain number of quacks, abortionists, etc., in the District, but as their prosecution would be troublesome, and it appears to be nobody's business in particular to initiate proceedings, nothing is done." Dr. G. L. Magruder, treasurer of the society, writes: "The only law that exists in this District in regard to the practice of medicine and surgery, is contained in the act in- corporating the medical society. It seems to have been inefficient, from the fact that no one has been especially designated to enforce it. I can not learn of any trial ever having taken place. "About three years since, an unsuccessful attempt was made to get a bill passed by Congress to regulate the practice of medicine, and there has been no renewal of the effort. About two hundred of the four hundred and nineteen physicians in the District are members of the medical association." National Medical College, Medical Department Columbian University. Washington, D. C. (Pop. 147 293.) Organized in 1821 as to the Medical Department of Columbian College. It was also authorized to use the title of National Medical College. In 1873 Columbian College became Columbian University. The first class was graduated in 1822. Operations were suspended from 1834 to 1838, and from 1861 to 1863. With these exceptions,classes have been graduated each year since its founding.—The faculty embraces seven professors and four demon- strators. Course of Instruction: One graduating course of twenty weeks' duration, and one spring course of eight half weeks' duration annually.—Lectures embrace anatomy, phy- siology, histology, pathology, materia me Jica, therapeutics, chemistry, surgery, obstet- rics and theory and practice of medicine, with ample opportunity for bed-side instruction. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) "candidates must have at- tended three courses of lectures" and have passed examinations at the ena of the second and third years: (2) three years' study; (3) good moral character; (4) twenty-one years of age; (5) dissected at least two sessions; (6) have attended two courses of clinical instruc- tion. Examinations are both oral and written. Fees: Matriculation (paid once only), $5; lectures, $100; demonstrator,$10. Graduation, $30, i. e., examinations, primary, $20, final, $10. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 53 6 11.3 1878-79 55 11 20. 1879-80 56 8 14.3 1880-8) 44 5 11.3 1881-82 52 8 15.4 1882-83 79 10 12.6 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, fourteen. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 6. Number of graduates in Illinois, 8. Remarks: Dr. A. F. A. King, Dean, writes: "The faculty have recently adopted a resolution requiring a preliminary examination before matriculation, but the details could not be arranged to go into operation soon enough for our annual announcement." Medical Department of the University of Georgetown. Washington, D.C Organized in 1850. The first class was graduated in 1851. Classes have been gradu- ated each subsequent year since.-The faculty embraces six professors, two clinical pro- fessors and two lecturers. 47 Course of Instruction: One annual course of thirty weeks' duration, graded course extending over three years.—Lectures embrace, first year, anatomy, physiology, materia medica and chemistry; second year, anatomy, physiology, materia medica, chemistry, pathology and diagnosis—medical, surgical and obstetrical—ophthalmology, laryngology, otology, diseases of children, hygiene and medical jurisprudence; third year, same as second. Examination at the close of each year. Daily quizzes by the faculty. Hospital and dispensary clinics. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) good moral character; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) not less than three years' study; (4) three full courses of in- struction; (5) two courses of practical anatomy; (6) two courses of clinical instruction; (7) pass all examinations with required (65) percentage. Fees: Matriculation, (paid but once,) $5; full course of lectures, $100: demonstrator, $10. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 40 4 10. 1878-79 38 6 16 — 1879-80 54 13 24 + 1880-81 43 5 11.6 1881-82 30 7 23.3 1882-83 27 4 15- Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, seventeen. Number of graduates in Illinois, 15. Remarks: Attendance on recitations is obligatory; a record is kept and each student credited at the end of each course. Medical Department of Howard University. Washington, D. C. Organized in 1867. The first class graduated in 1871, and classes have graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces nine professors and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One annual graduating course of twenty weeks'duration. —The course is graded, extending over three sessions in different years.—Lectures em- brace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica. therapeutics, obstetrics, hygiene, practice of medicine, surgery, diseases of women and children and medical jurispru- dence. The instruction comprises lectures, recitations, clinics and practical exercises. Requirements: For matriculation, (a) good moral character; (b) sufficient knowledge of Latin language to read and write prescriptions and understand medical terms; (c) pass an examination in ordinary English branches.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age- (2) three years'study, including three courses of lectures; (3) attended clinical lec- ture's and dissections; (4) written and oral examination on required branches; (5) thesis on original observation. Fees: Matriculation'. $10; demonstrator, $5; incidental expenses, $15; graduating, $30. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-seven. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. Eemarks- "This college is free to all, without regard to sex or race, who are desirous of pursuing the study of medicine and are qualified therefor by good moral character. proper age and suitable education." Matriculates. Graduates. Percent, 26 9 34 + 30 10 33 + 31 13 42— 81 13 16 + 91 16 17 + 87 31 35 + 48 FLORIDA. Population, 269 493. Number of physicians, 374. Number of inhabitants to each phy- sician, 720. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Florida. The People of the State of Florida, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. There shall be appointed by the Governor of this State six boards of medical examiners, consisting of not less than three nor more than five practitioners of medicine, of acknowledged skill and experience, and of five years' practice in this State, said boards to be located respectively at Tallahassee, Jacksonville, Pensacola, Key West, Ocala and Tampa, whose duty it shall be to carefully examine any and all persons not graduates of medicine, who have not heretofore practiced medicine in this State, who may hereafter propose to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this State, and, if found competent to practice the same, said boards shall issue a certificate to that purport to such person, which certificate shall be recorded in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of each county where the person receiving it may practice. § 2. The examination by the boards thus appointed shall include the branches of anatomy, operative and minor surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, and the general laws of health. § 3. The said board of medical examiners shall be allowed to charge and receive the sum of five dollars for each person so examined, to be paid upon receipt of certificate of competency Dy the party examined. § 4. That from and after the passage and approval of this act, any person who shall commence the practice of medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this State without having first obtained such certificate and recorded the same, as provided for in section 1 of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be pun- ished by fine not exceeding two hundred dollars nor less than fifty dollars, or imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court; provided, that the provisions of this act shall not be construed as applying to physicians or surgeons temporarily in the State when sent for to perform sur- gical operations or for consultation, or to women commonly known and designated as "midwives;" provided further, that this act shall not apply to physicians now in this State. § 5. Said board may adopt such rules and regulations as to examinations and certifi- cates as they may deem proper, not inconsistent with the constitution and laws of this State. § 6. All laws in conflict with the provisions of this act be and the same are hereby re- pealed. Approved March 7,1881. The 4th subsection of section 11. General Revenue Laws, provides that lawyers, doc- tors, dentists, druggists and photographers shall pay for license tax, ten dollars ($10) an- nually. Medical Department of Florida University. Tallahassee College of Medicine and Surgery. Tallahassee, Fla. (Pop., 2494.) Organized in 1853. The faculty embraces six professors. Course of Instruction : One term of sixteen weeks' duration annually. Lectures embrace anatomy, surgery, institutes and theory and practice of medicine, orthopedic surgery and medical jurisprudence. The college possesses a "human skeleton and dis- sected preparations, such as will make the labors of the dissecting-room less disagree- able." Requirements ; For admission, none.—For graduation, "Any suitable person of any school of medicine that can stand a thorough examination bv the faculty and who re- ceives the vote of the regents of the University, will receive a diploma." Fees : "Price of the tickets for all the chairs," $60. "Examination for graduation and degrees," $25. "Diploma, no charge." Remarks: The "dean" of this institution is the "Rev.---------, A.M., M D LL D " of Adrian, Mich., Atlanta, Ga., and Tallahassee, Fla.,—of whom it is remarked' in the offi- cial announcement of the college, that "The members [of the faculty] all defer compla- cently to the views and expositions of their dean, who is an elderly and experienced phv sician and author in medicine, of extensive works on various branches, whose primarv medical education was allopathic, but who has, for years, been entirely devoted to a re form in the healing art, and a reconstruction of the theories of the science of medicine " in Adrian, the "dean" is a school teacher. In Atlanta, he is advertised to occupy the chairs of general and special pathology and of medical jurisprudence in the Georgia Eclectic Medical College. In Tallahassee, he is "Professor Institutes of Medicine and Lecturer Clinics." 49 Extracts from the circular of the Tallahassee College : "The requirements for graduation are the equivalent of those of the highest order of medical colleges in our country. But, as is known to every one of good judgment and experience, no time rule or routine order can be a proper basis for graduation.' * * * "Intellectual power and good sense are prime factors of professional competency— these, with proper instruction, without reference to time or form, can alone suffice." "Candidates for graduation or degrees must also be responsible for themselves." "Persons graduating from this college will be competent to practice medicine on any of the popular systems." GEORGIA. Population, 1 542 180. Number of physicians, 1995. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 770. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Georgia. Section 1. The General Assembly of Georgia do enact, That no person shall practice medicine within this State unless he has been legally authorized so to do. or shall here- after be authorized so to do, by a diploma from an incorporated medical college, medical school or university, and by compliance with subsequent sections of this act. § 2. Be it further enacted. That, for the purposes of this act, the words "practice medicine" shall mean to suggest, recommend, prescribe or direct, for the use of any per- son, any drug, medicine, appliance, apparatus or other agency, whether material or not material for the cure, relief or palliation of any ailment or disease of the mind or body, or for the cure or relief of any wound, fracture or bodily injury or other deformity, after having received or with the intent of receiving therefor, either directly or indirectly, any bonus, gift or compensation. § 3. * * * * That every person now lawfully engaged in the practice of medicine within this State, shall, on or before the first day of December, eighteen hundred and eighty-one, and every person hereafter duly qualified to practice medicine, shall, before commencing to practice, register in the office of the clerk of the Superior Court of the county wherein he resides and is practicing, or intends to commence the practice of medi- cine, in a book to be kept for the purpose by said clerk, his name, residence and place of birth, together with his authority for practicing medicine, as prescribed in this act. The person so registering shall subscribe or verify, by oath or affirmation, before a person duly qualified to administer oaths under the laws of this State, an affidavit containing such facts, and whether such authority is by diploma or license, and the date of the same, and by whom granted, which shall be exhibited to the county clerk before the applicant shall be allowed to register, and which, if wilfully false, shall subject the affiant to convic- tion and punishment for false swearing. The county clerk to receive a fee of fifty cents for each registration, to be paid by the person so registering. p':§4. * * * * That any registered physician in this State, who may change his resi- dence from one county into another county in this State, shall register within the clerk's office of the county to which he removes, and wherein he intends to reside and to practice medicine, as provided in section three of this act. I 5_ * * * * That any person who violates either of the four preceding sections of this act, or who shall practice or offer to practice medicine without lawful authority, or under cover of a diploma or license illegally obtained, shall be deemed guilty of a misde- meanor, and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dol- lars nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not less than thirty nor more than ninety days, or both. The fine, when collected, shall be paid the one-half to the person, persons or corporation making the complaint, the other half into the county treasury. § 6 * * * * That nothing in this act shall apply to commissioned medical officers of the United States army or navy, or to the United States marine-hospital service, or to legally qualified dentists in the practice of their profession, or to any woman practicing only midwifery. g 7 * * * * That all provisions of laws providing for the organization, qualification and duties of any and all boards of physicians, of any school whatever, be, and the same are hereby, repealed, and there shall henceforth exist in this State no board of physicians, but the only requisite qualifications of practitioners of medicine shall be those hereinbe- fore set forth. § 8. * * * * That all laws or parts of laws in conflict with this act be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Approved September 28,1881. An Act to Regulate the Granting of Medical Diplomas. Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., That from and after the passage of this act it shall be unlawful for the faculty or officers of any medical college in the State of Georgia to grant or issue a diploma to any student of medicine, or other person, unless said student or other person shall have attended two or more full courses of study in some regularly (M^-rio-vinj i Y ^p Kfll 50 chartered medical college in good standing, and shall have submitted to and passed a creditable examination by the faculty or professors of said college upon all the branches usually taught in medical colleges. § 2. * * * * That if the faculty or officers of any medical college in this State shall violate any of the provisions of the preceding section of this act, he or they shall be sub- ject to a fine of flve thousand dollars, said fine to be collected out of the property of any or all of said faculty or officers of said college. The fine, when collected, shall be paid the one-half to the person, persons or corporation giving the information, the other half into the county treasury, to be used for educational purposes only. § 3> * * * * That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this act be, and the same are hereby, repealed. Approved September 27,1881. Medical College of Georgia. {Medical Department, University of Georgia.) Augusta, Ga, Organized in 1832. Graduates in Illinois, 5.—See Addenda. Southern Botanico-Medical College. Forsyth and Macon, Ga. Organized in 1839, at Forsyth. Removed to Macon in 1846. Name changed to the Reform Medical College of Georgia, in 1854. The first class was graduated in 1841. and classes were graduated every year until 1861. There was no graduating class from 1861 to 1867, inclusive. A class was graduated in 1868, and in each subsequent year until 1874. when the name was again changed to the College of American Medicine and Surgery, and the school was again removed to Atlanta, where it now exists—vide infra. Thompsonian College. Barbourville, Ga. Organized about 1850. Extinct. Savannah Medical College. Savannah, Ga. Organized 1853.—Closed during the rebellion of 1861-66. Extinct since 1880. Atlanta Medical College. Atlanta, Ga. (Pop. 37 409.) Organized in 1854.—Closed during the rebellion, 1861-65. Reorganized in 1865. Classes were graduated from 1855 to 1861, inclusive, and each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces eight professors, one assistant, two lecturers and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One annual course of eighteen weeke.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, practice, general pathology, obstetrics and diseases of women and children, diseases of the eye and ear, and surgery. Instruc- tion is also given on venereal diseases, diseases of the throat and minor surgery. Medical clinics are held, and "quizzes are given from time to time.by the professors to those who desire to enter their names on the lists." Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age- (2) good moral character: (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) thesis or a report of any of the clinics; (6) satisfactory examination on subjects mentioned above. Fees: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $10; full course, $75; graduation, $30. In com- pliance with a law, making a donation to the building and apparatus of the college tickets for the full course are given gratis to one student from each congressional district in the State. Students: Number of matriculates and graduates at each session reported, and per- centages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 88 23 26+ 1878-79 125 34 27+ 1879-80 101 43 42+ 1880-81 93 31 33+ 1881-82 135 56 41+ 1882-83 126 39 31 — Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-four. 51 Oglethorpe Medical College. Savannah, Ga. Organized in 1855, and continued its sessions until the commencement of the war, 1861. Extinct. Reform Medical College. Macon, Ga. Organized in 1854. See remarks under Southern Botanico-Medical College, above. Name changed in 1874 to the College of American Medicine and Surgery—vide infra. College of American Medicine and Surgery. Atlanta, Ga. Organized in 1874 as the successor of the Reform Medical College at Macon. Removed to Atlanta in 1881—vide supra. The first class under this name was graduated in 1874. There was no graduating class in 1877, '78, '79, '80 or '81.—The faculty embraces six profes- sors and an assistant demonstrator. Course of Instruction: Two courses of lectures of sixteen weeks'duration annually. Lectures embrace the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, anatomy, physi- ology, histology, microscopy, materia medica, therapeutics, pathology, chemistry, toxi- cology, pharmacy, obstetrics and diseases of women and children. Requirements: For admission, (a) seventeen years of age; (b) good common school education; (c) good moral character. "No intemperate student will be admitted on any terms." For graduation: (1) three years'study; (2) two courses of lectures; (3) thesis or clinical report; (4) "must have attended clinics and dissected." Fees: Matriculation, $5; full course, $50; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $25. "This college will educate one student from each congressional district in Georgia free of charge." Students: Session of 1882-83—matriculates, 24: graduates, 14. Percentage of gradu- ates to matriculates, fifty-eight. Remarks: S. F. Salter, M. D.. Dean of the faculty, writes that he "cannot vouch for any of the graduates previous to 1882-83, the earlier records having been destroyed by fire, and the late records stolen." The Eclectic Star, the organ of this institution, makes the following announcement: "The janitor will meet all day trains from the first of October, and will have a badge on his hat. He will bring you direct to the college and attend to your baggage; will furnish free ride to those who matriculate at this college. Do not be misled. Come, and do not listen to a single drummer until you visit us." Georgia Eclectic Medical College. Atlanta, Ga. Organized in 1877. The first class graduated in 1877 and classes have graduated each subsequent year. The faculty embraces eight professors and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One course of lectures of twenty weeks' duration annually. Lectures embrace physiology, anatomy, chemistry, toxicology, surgery, materia medica, theory and practice of medicine, pathology, medical jurisprudence, nervous and venereal diseases obstetrics, diseases of women and children, dental practice and surgery. Daily Quizzes are held by the faculty. Each member of the graduating class is required to pre- sent, once a week, a thesis on some subject already covered by the lectures, and defend the same. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) eood moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) thesis: (5) must have dissected the best part of the term; (6) "must have been diligent in attending the lectures and clinics;" (7) "thorough examination on the respective branches taught in the college. Fees: Lectures, $60; demonstrator, $5; graduation, $25. "The faculty have always admitted several beneficiaries." Students- Only the matriculates (81.) and graduates (24,) for the session of 1881-82, have been reported. Percentage of graduates to matriculates, session of 1881-82, thirty, Rfmarks- The incumbent of the chairs of general and special pathology and of medi- cal jurisprudence in this college, is also "dean" of the "Medical Department of the Florida University," at Tallahassee—which see ante, p. 48. 52 Southern Medical College. Atlanta, Ga. Organized 1879. Faculty embraces nine professors and two lecturers. Course of Instruction: One annual course of nineteen weeks' duration.—Lectures embrace principles and practice of medicine, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, physiology, hygiene, surgery, anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, toxi- cology, diseases of the eye, ear and throat, chemistry, venereal diseases, dermatology, and dental surgery. Hospital and dispensary clinics are given, and quizzes by the pro- fessors to such students as desire them. A graded course of three years recommended, but not required. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) "must have attended the dis- sections;" (5) "must undergo a personal and satisfactory examination before the faculty- examination must occur at close of session, except in cases of pressing necessity, and then only by unanimous consent of the faculty;" (6) thesis, or report of clinic. Fees: Matriculation (paid once) $5; tickets, full course, $75; demonstrator, $10; diploma, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages bf graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. J879-80 64 8 12+ 1880-81 105 38 36+ 1881-82 126 37 29 + 1882-83 104 37 35+ Average percentage of graduates to matriculates, during the past four years, thirty. IDAHO. Population, 32,610. Number of physicians, 51. Number of inhabitants to each physi- cian, 640. Dr. Jesse K. Dubois, of Boise City, writes: There are no laws governing the practice of physic, in this Territory. Our legislature meets biennially, and last winter we attempted to have a bill passed regulating the practice, but without avail. The profes- sion is represented by some good men and honest men. There are others not so good or honest. But the members of the legislature do not seem inclined to protect the profes- sion from the invasion of adventurers and charlatans from the eastern States and Cali- fornia, and we have no means of relief. It would be desirable to have some regulations, but there are no chances for that for two years at least. ILLINOIS. Population, 3 331644, (based on school census. June, 1882.) Number of physicians 5716*. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 582. While still a territory and sparsely settled, only along the river fronts and water courses of Southern Illinois, efforts were already being made by the pioneer practition- ers to regulate the practice of medicine and to foster and encourage the cause of medical education. In 1817 an act of the Territorial Legislature—with a preamble reciting that "well regulated medical societies have been found to contribute to the diffusion of true science and particularly to the knowledge of the healing art"—divided the Territory into two medical districts; all that portion of the territory lying east of the meridian line "run- ning due north from the mouth of Ohio," formed the Eastern Medical District, and that west of said line formed the Western Medical District. In the former, Drs. I. D. Wolver- ton, James E. Throgmorton, Thomas Shannon, Henry Oldham, James Wilson, John Reid, Amos Chipp, Samuel R. Campbell and Hardin M. Wetherford were authorized *This includes all physicians engaged in practice—as well those exempt from the Medical Practice Act by reason of length of practice in the State before the passage of the Act, as those holding certificates or licenses from the State Board of Health. There are, in addition, about 535 graduates and licentiates not engaged in practice including dentists, druggists, and others engaged in commercial or other pursuits and also those who have retired—maKing the total, 5,251. 53 wnrH^inl"-!?11 (^ hlte county); and in the latter, Drs. Joseph Bowers, "Todd of Ed- r T™^ Hancock and Heath of St. Clair." Caldwell Carnes, George Fisher, W. Kaet JilSo^S" tr?°1R?E Cadwell and "Penn of Kaskaskia," were empowered to meet at P.»rf K^aJ,^n 3olp^?ounty') >n the first Monday of May, in the year of our Lord eight- societies so constituted611' 6 proceed to the ehoice of officers for the respective with ?Sl1?,^ ^ directed that these societies should hold annual meetings and endowed them Jh«m i S ^t al Powers duties and responsibilities of corporate bodies. Sec. 3 empowered rHr,^m° Co!?1?6 stu.dents and grant diplomas, charging a fee of ten dollars for each th^i^ £\0 ■ c' 4 Provlded for the appointment of censors, authorized to examine students; E S'lf-V,^ ?Pch examination receiving a license from the president of the society S£ » o+ ,„iii t-!-em« to PJ"actlce physic or surgery, or both, until the next annual meet- ?^„fjhlcn lt ls inferred they were then provided with the diploma. Sec. 5 made it un- wiTwliA ny PeJson, after the organization of the said societies, to commence practice HI%HPa.^inK tne examination and obtaining the diploma: the penalty for so doing be- I-PiL,,}^uallfl,catlOh. forever thereafter," for the collection of any debts incurred by such unauthorized practice. Sec. 6 empowered the societies to acquire and hold property, real ana personal, to the amount of twenty thousand dollars each. Sec. 7 concerned the right °;I?i societies to make by-laws, rules and regulations. Sections 8 and 9 related to the 5?% i aH.air,? ?■ ^e societies, the duties of the treasurer and president in relation thereto, ana to the duties of the secretary. Sec. 10 provided for the assessment of members, not exceeding ten dollars annually, "for the purpose of procuring a medical library and appa- ratus, ana tor the encouragement of useful discoveries in chemistry, botany, and such other improvements as the majority of the society shall think proper." Sec. 11 recog- nizee the right of any one to come into the Territory to practice who was duly authorized to practice in the State. Territory or country from which he came, and "having a diDloma irom any such medical society." Sections 12 and 13 provided for alteration, modification or repeal of the act, and declared it in force from and after its passage, December 31,1817. Within a year after the passage of this act the State was admitted into the Union, De- cember 3, 1818, and there is no record that any action was taken to, carry out its provisions. During the session of the first General Assembly the following act was passed: An Act for the Establishment of Medical Societies. Approved March 24th, 1819. Section 1. Be it enacted .'by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly : That the State shall be divided into four medical districts, in each of which there shall be held a board of physicians. The counties of Bond, Madison, Wash- ington, St. Clair and Monroe shall form the first district; it shall be the duty of each and every practicing physician to meet at the town of Belleville, on the second Monday in May next. The counties of Franklin, Johnson, Alexander, Union, Jackson and Randolph shall form the second district, and hold their meeting in Brownsville, on the same day. The counties of Pope. Gallatin, White and Jefferson shall form the third district, and meet on the same day at Shawneetown. Tli3 counties of Edwards, Crawford, Wayne and Clark shall form the fourth district, and meet at the town of Palmyra, on the day before mentioned. And being so convened as aforesaid, or any of them, being not less than five in number, shall proceed to the choice of president, vice president, secretarv and treas- urer, who shall hold their offices for one year and until others are chosen in their places. § 2. And be it further enacted. That whenever said societies shall be organized as aforesaid, they are hereby declared bodies corporate and politic in fact and in name, by the name of the medical society of the district where such societies shall be respectively formed, and bv that name shall in law be capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, answering and being answered unto, defending and being defended, in all matters and causes whatsoever, and shall and may have a common seal, and may alter and renew the same at pleasure. And the said medical societies shall and may agree upon the times and places of their next meeting. § 3. And bf> it further enacted, That said societies established as aforesaid, shall have power to examine all students who may make application for that purpose, and grant diplomas under the hand and seal of the president, before whom such student may be examined: Provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to prevent any person coming from any other place from practising in this State, such person producing to either of said societies a diploma from any respectable university of the United States, or any other country. And the person receiving such diploma shall, upon the receipt of the same, pay to the treasurer of said society the sum of ten dollars for the use of said society. § 4. And be it further enacted, That from and after the organization of the said medi- cal societies, no person not having a diploma, or previously practicing in the State, shall commence the practice of physic and surgery, in either of the aforesaid districts, until he shall have passed an examination as hereinafter directed; and if any person shall so practice previous to having obtained a diploma, he shall thereafter be disqualified from collecting any debt or debts incurred by such practice, in any court or before any magis- trate in this State. § 5. And be it further enacted, That the aforesaid medical societies shall, at such an- nual meetings, appoint a committee of five of their members, whose duty it shall be. or any two of them, at all times to examine such student as may make application for that purpose; and shall grant to such student a certificate, if qualified, which shall be suffi- cient to empower bim to practice until the next meeting of such society, whereupon, by producing said certificate, the president shall grant a diploma agreeably to the rules and regulations of said society. § 6. And be it further enacted. That it shall and may be lawful for the medical socie- ties established by this act, to purchase and hold any estate, real and personal, for the use of the societies respectively. 54 § 7. And be it further enacted. That the societies established by this act shall be em- powered to make such by-laws, rules and regulations, relative to the affairs and property of said societies, as they or a majority of their members shall deem most proper and cor- rect : Provided, that the by-laws, rules and regulations be not contrary to, nor inconsist- ent with, the Constitution of the United States or of this State. § 8. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of every physician, residing within the bounds of either of the aforesaid districts, to keep a true and accurate record of all the births, deaths and diseases which may take place within the vicinity of his practice, which record, or a copy of the same, he shall transmit to the president of the society, and which list or record shall be by the president published in one or more news- papers of this State: and any physician refusing or failing to make out the aforesaid list or record, and transmitting the same as aforesaid, shall pay to such society as he may belong, the sum of ten dollars for the use of said society. § 9. And be it further enacted, That if any physician residing in this State at the pas- sage of this act, shall refuse to attend on the'second Monday in May next, or any other of the stated meetings of said societies, the] shall pay to the treasurer of the society of which he is a member, the sum of flve dollars, unless a good and sufficient excuse shall be given at the next meeting of said society. § 10. And be it further enacted. That it shall be the duty of each society to deputize one of its members as a member of a general or State society, which shall be holden each year at the seat of government, and organized in the same manner as the district socie- ties first before mentioned. § 11. And be it further enacted, That the board of physicians may examine medical bills, which may be by the patient considered exorbitant, and make such deductions as may to them seem reasonable; and when such deduction is made, it shall be obligatory on the physician making the same, to return such part or surplus as may be unreason- ably made, which may be recovered before any justice of the peace or court of law, with costs. t Two years later, January 3, 1821, the foregoing act was repealed, and the Fourth General Assembly, then enacted the following: An Act prescribing the mode of licensing physicians. Approved January 15,1825. Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General As- sembly: Section 1. That for the purpose of forming a board of censors, to grant license to practicing physicians in this State, there shall be flve districts formed: the first district to be composed of the counties of Pike, Fulton. Greene, Morgan, Sangamon. Montgomery and Fayette; the second district, of the counties of Jackson, Randolph, Monroe, St. Clair, Madison and Bond; the third district, of the counties of Alexander, Pope, Gallatin, John- son, Franklin and Union; the fourth district, of the counties of White, Edwards, Wabash, Lawrence. Edgar, Clark and Crawford; the fifth district, of the counties of Washington, Clinton, Wayne, Clay, Marion, Jefferson and Hamilton; and the practicing physicians residing in the several districts, shall meet at Carrollton, for the first district; at Belle- ville, for the second district; at Golconda, for the third district; at Albion, for the fourth district; at Mt. Vernon, for the fifth district, on the first Monday in June, and hold an election among themselves, under such regulations as they, or a majority of them, may adopt, for one censor in each district; and the flve censors, so-elected, shall meet at the seat of government, on the first Monday of November next, and they, or a majority of them, shall form a board, for the purpose of examining and ascertaining the qualifications of those who wish to practice physic in this State, and grant a license to such as they may find properly qualified. It shall not, however, be necessary for any one to make personal application, who may heretofore have obtained the diploma of any respectable medical college, or the license of any respectable medical society; and upon sending such diploma or certificate to the said board of censors, they shall, upon being satisfied of the authenticity thereof, issue their license to such person to practice in tbis State. § 2. Be it further enacted, That after the meeting of the board of censors, the resident physicians of each district having obtained the certificate of said board, shall meet at such time and place, within their respective districts, as the censor thereof may appoint- notice of which shall be given by said censors, by advertising the same not less than three times in some public newspaper printed in this State; at which meeting they, or a majority of them, may authorize one or more of their body to examine physicians emi- grating to this State or those wishing to commence the practice of physic, and grant them a license, if they may deem them qualified. § 3. Be it further enacted, That if any person should practice physic, without obtain- ing a license as aforesaid, he shall be deemed an illegal practitioner, and shall be debarred from recovering any debt or debts which may accrue from such practice- and if he charges for such practice, he shall forfeit and pay for every such offence, the sum of twenty dollars, to be recovered before any justice of the peace, in the county where such offence may be committed, by any person who may prosecute for the same; and the justice before whom such conviction maybe had. shall pay the amount thereof to the overseers of the poor of said county for the use of the poor therein; and it shall be the duty of the overseers of the poor to prosecute for the same whenever it shall come to their knowledge that an illegal practitioner is practicing and receiving pay therefor- Provided, always, that students practicing under the direction of legal practicing physi- cians, shall not be subject to such penalty. § 4. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of all justices of the peace as well as of the circuit court, to inspect and allow all physicians' bills, whenever the same shall come before them, when suit shall be brought on the same, and shall instruct the jury both in relation to the proof necessary to establish the same; and it shall be in the power 55 of the jury to reduce the charge to a reasonable amount, if the same shall be overcharged: t-roviaed, that the. justice of the peace shall select a jury of not less than six house- noiaers, resident in the county, which judgments shall be subject to appeals as in all OUUGr CciSGS. +v, § 5' P^ it; Iurtner enacted, That the board of censors are hereby required to lay before xne next treneral Assembly, a plan for their consideration, by which a permanent system may be adopted for better regulating the practice ot medicine. This act had even a shorter life than its predecessors, for one of the first measures of the next General Assembly was its repeal. January 25. 1826. A perusal of the provisions oi these various efforts readily indicates the causes of their miscarriage. The territory was too new; the community spare and widely scattered; the number of physicians few: iacinties for travel and intercourse were wanting; mails were infrequent—and. withal, there were other questions, doubtless considered of more vital importance, than the statutory regulation of the practice of medicine. At least flve other unsuccessful attempts were subsequently made before the passage of the acts now in force. In 1808 a bill for ' 'An \ct for the better Regulation of the Prac- tice of Medicine and Surgery in the State of Illinois." was drafted by Drs. David S. Booth and H. R. Guthrie, of Sparta, Randolph county, and was entrusted to the Hon. John M. McCutche^n, member of the Twenty-Sixth General Assembly. Nothing, however, was done with this bill at that session, and it was finally presented to the Southern Illinois Medical Association, at its second meeting, in June, 1875. At a subsequent meeting the association appointed Dr. Booth and Dr. S.H. Bundy, (then of Marion, Williamson county, subsequently of Metropolis, Massac county,) a committee to urge the Legislature to action on the subject; but it was not until toward the close of the session of the Thirtieth Gen- eral Assembly, May, 1877, that the present acts were finally passed. The Medical Practice Act, now in the seventh year of successful operation, differs materially from the bill drafted by Drs. Booth and Guthrie, and even the most sanguine were more or less disappointed with the form it finally assumed. Little, if any, practical improvement in the status of the profession was at first anticipated from its enactment, while many prophesied the speedy repeal both of this act and of its complement, the State Board of Health Act. The full text of the Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine, and those sections of the State Board of Health Act which relate to it, are here given: An Act to Create and Establish a State Board of Health in the State of Illinois. Approved May 25, 1877; in force July 1,1877. [Only those sections are here given which have a bearing upon the Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine.] Appointment of members; term of office ;tvacancies: Section 1. Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly, That the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint, seven persons, who shall constitute the Board of Health. The persons so appointed shall hold their offices for seven years: Provided, that the terms of office of the seven first appointed shall be so arranged that the term of one shall expire on the thirtieth day of December of each year, and the vacancies so created, as well as all vacancies occurring otherwise, shall be filled by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate: And provided, also, that appointments made when the Senate is not in session may be confirmed at its next ensuing session. Meetings of the Board: § 10. The first meeting of the Board shall be within fifteen days after their appointment, and thereafter in January and June of each year, and at such other times as the Board shall deem expedient. The meetings in January of each year shall be in Springfield. A majority shall constitute a quorum. They shall choose one of tbeir number to be president, and they may adopt rules and by-laws for their gov- ernment, subject to the provisions of this act. An Act to Regulate the Practice ot Medicine in the State of Illinois. Approved May 29, 1877; in force July 1,1877. Admissions to practice medicine: Section 1. Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly, That every person practicing medicine, in any of its departments, shall possess the qualifications required by this act. If a graduate in medicine, he shall present his diploma to the State Board of Health * * * for verification as to its genuineness. If the diploma is found genuine, and if the person named therein be»the person claiming and presenting the same, the State Board of Health * * * shall issue its certificate to that effect, signed by all of the members thereof, and such diploma and certificate shall be conclusive as to the right of the lawful holder of the same to practice medicine in this State. If not a graduate, the person practicing medicine in this State shall present himself before said Board, and submit himself to such examination as the said Board shall require; and, if the exami- nation be satisfactory to the examiners, the said Board shall issue its certificate in ac- cordance with the facts, and the lawful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges herein mentioned, § 2- [This section is omitted as void, by reason of the passage, at the same session, of the act establishing a State Board of Health. The section refers to the mode of pro- viding boards of examiners in the absence of such State Board. The omissions indicated by asterisks in section 1, and in the remaining sections, also have reference to this pro- vision for other boards.! Organization, duties and power of State Board: Sec. 3. The State Board of Health * * * shall organize w thin tnree months after the passage of this act; they shall procure a seal, and shall receive, through their secretary, applications for cer- tificates and examinations; the president * * * shall have authority to adrnin- ister oaths and the Board to take testimony in all matters relating to their duties; they 56 shall issue certificates to all who furnish satisfactory proof of having received diplomas or licenses from legallv chartered medical institutions in good standing; they shall pre- pare two forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, the other for candidates examined by the Board; thev shall furnish to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all persons receiving certificates. In selecting places to hold their meetings, they shall, as far as is reasonable, accommodate applicants residing in different sections of the State, and due notice shall be published of all their meetings. Certificates shall be signed by all the members of the Board granting them. * Verification of diplomas: fee and penalty: § 4. Said State Board of Health * * * shall examine diplomas as to their genuineness, and if the diploma shall be found genuine as represented, the secretary of the State Board of Health * * shall receive a fee of one dollar from such graduate or licentiate, and no further charge shall be made to the applicants; but if it be found to be fraudulent, or not lawfully owned by the possessor, the Board shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the applicant presenting such diploma. The verification of the diploma shall consist in the affidavit of the holder and applicant that he is the lawful possessor of the same, and that he is the person therein named. Such affidavit may be taken before any person author- ized to administer oaths, and the same shall be attested under the hand and official seal of such officer, if he have a seal. Graduates may present their diplomas and affidavit as provided in this act. by letter or by proxy, and the State Board of Health * * shall issue its certificate the same as though the owner of the diploma was present. Examination of non-graduates: § 5. All examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates shall be made directly by the Board, and the certificate given by the Board shall authorize the possessor to practice medicine and surgery in the State of Illinois. Certificates must be recorded: § 6. Every person holding a certificate from the State Board of Health * * * shall have it recorded in the office of the clerk of the county in which he resides, and the record shall be endorsed thereon. Any person removing to another county to practice shall procure an endorsement to that effect on the certificate from the county clerk, and shall record the certificate, in like manner, in the county to which he removes, and the holder of the certificate shall pay to the county clerk the usual fee for making the record. Record book to be kept by county clerk: 7. The county clerk shall keep, in a book provided for that purpose, a complete list of the certificates recorded by him, with the date of the issue. * * * If the certificate be based on a diploma or.license, he shall record the name of the medical institution conferring it. and the date when con- ferred. The register of the county clerk shall be open to public inspection during business hours. Fee for examining non-graduates: § 8. Candidates for examination shall pay a fee of flve dollars, in advance, which shall be returned to them if a candidate be refused. The fees received by the Board shall be paid into the treasury. * * * Character of examination: § 9. Examinations may be in whole or in part in writing, and shall be of an elementary and practical character, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifications of the candidate as a practitioner. Certificates may be refused or revoked: § 10. The State Board of Health * * * may refuse certificates to individuals guilty of unprofessional or dishonorable conduct, and they may revoke certificates for like causes. In all cases of refusal or revo- cation, the applicant may appeal to the body appointing the Board. Definition of "practicing medicine": § 11. Any person shall be regarded as prac- ticing medicine within the meaning ot this act, who shall profess publicly to be a physi- cian, and to prescribe for the sick, or who shall append to his name the letters of "M. D." But nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit students Irom prescribing under the supervision of preceptors, or to prohibit gratuitous services in cases of emergency. And this act shall not apply to commissioned surgeons in the United States army and navy. License to itinerant venders: § 12. Any itinerant vender of any drug, nostrum, ointment or appliance of any kind, intended for the treatment of disease or injury, or who shall, by writing or printing, or any other method, publicly profess to cure or treat diseases, injury or deformity by any drug, nostrum, manipulation or other expedient, shall pay a license of one hundred dollars a month, to be collected in the usual way. Penalties for non-compliance with this act: § 13. Any person practicing medi- cine or surgery in this State without complying with the provisions of this act, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the counly jail for a period of not less than thirty days nor more than three hundred and sixty-five days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, for each and every offense; and any person filing, or attempting to file, as his own the diploma or cer- tificate of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and. upon conviction, shall be subject to such fine and imprisonment as are made and provided by the statutes of this State for the crime of forgery, but the penalties shall not be enforced till on and after the thirty-first day of December, eighteeen hundred and seventy-seven; Provided, that the provisions of this act shall not apply to those that have been practicing medicine ten years within this State. Illinois State Board of Health. Organized July, 1877.—First examination was held November 1,1877. Examinations are now held in Chicago or Springfield once annually. This Board, in accordance with the Medical Practice Act of Illinois, grants licenses to practice medicine and surgery within the State. 57 The following are extracts from the act conferring this power—see full text above: The State Board of Health * * * shall receive through its secretary applications for certificates and examinations. * * * * If not a graduate, the person practicing medicine in this State shall present himself before said Board, and submit himself to such examination as the said Board shall require; and if the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said Board shall issue its certificate in accordance with the facts, and the lawful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges herein mentioned. It sha'l prepare two forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, the other for candidates examined by the Board; and shall furnish to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all persons receiving certificates. The State Board of Health may refuse certificates to individuals guilty of unpro- fessional or dishonorable conduct, and may revoke certificates for like causes. In all cases of refusal or revocation the applicant may appeal to the body appointing the Board. § 8. Candidates for examination shall pay a fee of flve dollars, in advance, which shall be returned to them if a certificate be refused. § 9. Examinations may be made wholly or in part in writing, and shall be of an ele- mentary and practical character, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifications of the candidate as a practitioner. All examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates, shall be made directly by the Board, and the certificates given by the Board shall authorize the possessor to practice medicine and surgery in the State of Illinois. Where the candidates have any special views of theory and practice of medicine or of therapeutics, respect is paid to such views, and they are allowed, upon request, to appear before individual members of the Board for especial examination in such branches. Examinations are conducted in the English language. If made in another language, interpreters must be furnished at the expense of the applicant. All candidates must pass a preliminary examination, such as is indicated in the "minimum requirements," and must fill out the following: Application for Examination before the Illinois State Board of Health, under the Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Illinois.' 1. Name in full................................................................................. 2. Nativity and age—(must be at least twenty-one years of age)......................... 3. Residence and postoffice................................................................... 4. Time spent in professional studies—imust be at least three years)................... 5. Physician or preceptor under whom the studies were pursued, with postoffice ad- dress—(must be a licentiate of the Board or reputable practitioner)................ 6. Courses of medical lectures attended.................................................... 7. Name of mclical school attended—(time spent at schools not recognized by the Board, will not be counted)................................... .......................... 8. Time spent in hospital, if any............................................................. 9. Time of practice, if any.................................................................... 10. School of practice chosen..........'....................................................... 11. References as to character—(must present certificate of good character from two licentiates of the Board or reputable practitioners).................................. Approved..............................188— President of the Board. Subjects of Examination. 1, anatomy; 2, materia medica; 3, theory and practice; 4, gynecology; 5, physiology; 6, pathology; 7, obstetrics; 8, chemistry; 9, surgery; 10, hygiene; 11, medical jurisprudence. Eighty per cent, of correct answers required. We have examined this applicant and find him to stand as above. Signed by the members of the Board. Number of candidates examined, 636. Number of candidates licensed, 196. Number of licentiates now practising in the State, 80—the discrepancy being accounted for by removals or by having subsequently graduated. During the past year eighteen candidates applied for examination; thirteen of these were examined, but failed to come up to the required standard. The remaining five made no attempt to pass on any of the branches. Rush Medical College. Chicago, 111. (Pop. 560 693., school census, June, 1882.) Organized 1842. The first class graduated in 1843. Classes have graduated each subse- quent year.—The faculty embraces fourteen professors, two adjunct professors, twelve lecturers and assistants and seven demonstrators. Course of Instruction : "Instruction is given in this institution by lectures, clinics, practical work in the dissecting room and laboratories, and by repeated oral examina- tions " One-regular course ot twenty weeks, one spring or reading course of sixteen weeks and one practitioners' course of four weeks, are held annually. Graded course of 58 three years recommended but not required.—Lectures embrace the principles and prac- tice of medicine, obstetrics and diseases of children, surgery, diseases of the chest, eye and ear, gynecology, physiology, diseases of the nervous system, materia medica, thera- peutics, medical jurisprudence, anatomy, chemistry, pharmacy, toxicology, dermatology, venereal diseases, hygiene, dental surgery and pathology, dental anatomy and physi- ology, diseases of children, physical diagnosis, microscopy, histology, pathology and laryngology. Requirements : For admission, a matriculation examination which will include the writing of a brief paper on a subject to be given; and an examination in the elementary principles of physics and mathematics as taught in the public schools of the country will be required. The written paper will be a sufficient indication of the student s knowledge of orthography, as well as the subject given. Graduates of a literary or scientific college, academy or high school, or who have passed the entrance examination to a literary col- lege in good standing; or persons having a State or county teacher's certificate; or gradu- ates in medicine; or previous matriculates of this college; or students who desire to pursue a special course of study—other than for the purpose of securing the degree—will be exempt from examination. Students who have completed a full course of study equiv- alent to that required for admission to this college, may, by special arrangement, be ad- mitted on the certificates of their instructors.—For graduation: (1) age, twenty-one|years, (2) good moral character, (3) three years' study, (4) two full courses of lectures, (5) clinical instruction for two terms; (6) dissection of each region of the body; (7) one course in prac- tical chemistry; (8) "full and satisfactory written or oral examination on each branch taught in the college." Fees : Matriculation, $5; lectures, $75; demonstrator. $5; chemistry, $5; final examina- tion, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and graduates at each session reported, and per- centage of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. 1877-78 379 1878-79 364 1879-80 481 1880-81 559 1881-82 583 1882-83 549 duates. Percentage. 128 33.8 122 33.5 147 30.5 172 30.7 185 31.7 183 33.3 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-two. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 246. Number of graduates in Illinois, 909. Medical Department of Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111. Organized in 1843.—Suspended lectures in 1848. Graduates in Illinois, 10. Remarks: The faculty, as given in the catalogues and announcements still extant, embraced six professors, three of whom resided at Jacksonville, one at Springfield, one at Alton and one at Geneva, Kane county; and who lectured on chemistry, physical "aeti- ology," obstetrics, diseases of women and children, surgical and pathological anatomy, surgery, principles and practice of medicine, materia medica, therapeutics, anatomy and physiology. The course of lectures was of sixteen weeks' duration. The fees were: Lec- tures, $60; dissection. $5; matriculation, $3; graduation, $20. The requirements for gradua- tion were, (1) thorough course of study with some practitioner, (this course, according to the last catalogue, must extend over three years,* (2) two full courses of lectures, provi- ded, however, that several years of reputable experience in the practice of medicine may be accepted in the place of one course of lectures, (3) full and satisfactory examination in all the branches of medical study. (4) thesis. Students applying for graduation were ex- pected to possess a competent English and classical education. Dissection was optional, During its existence instruction was given to about seventy-five students, and thirty- seven were graduated. Medical Department, University of St. Charles. St. Charles, 111. Organized in 1847.—Annual courses of lectures were delivered until 1848, when the in- stitution was transferred to Rock Island, and subsequently, in 1850, to Keokuk, Iowa, when it became the medical department of the University of Iowa, now the Keokuk College of Physicians and Surgeons. Rock Island Medical College. Rock Island, 111. Organized in 1849. Lectures were delivered during the years 1849-50. College extinct. Graduates in Illinois, one. 59 Chicago Medical College. (Medical Department, Northwestern University.) Chicago. 111. Organized in 1859 as the Medical Department of Lind University. It continued under that name and connection until 1864. when it became independent under the name of the Chicago Medical College and remained independent of all connections until 1869 when it assumed its present name and relation.—The faculty embraces eighteen professors, one lecturer and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction : Graded, comprising three annual consecutive terms of twenty-four weeks each. Accredited certificates of one year's study entitle holders to enter as second-course students after satisfactory examination in studies of first-year course. Certificates of two years' study and of attendance on one full course of lectures entitle to entry as third-cour-e students after examination in studies of first and second years. Studies: First-year course—Descriptive anatomy, physiology, histology, practi- cal microscopy, general chemistry. Second-year course—Surgical anatomy, operations in surgery, general pathology, pathological anatomy, general therapeutics, state medi- cine, public hygiene, nervous and mental diseases, medical chemistry, medical jurispru- dence, dermatology, hospital and dispensary clinics. Third-year course—Theory and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, principles and practice of surgery, clinical sur- gery, gynecology, obstetrics, diseases of children, ophthalmology, otology, hospital and dispensary clinics. Daily examinations or quizzes, by each professor. Requirements : For admission, a certificate of graduation from a literary college, academy or scientific school; or satisfactory evidence,through matriculation examination, of a good English education.—For graduation: Evidence of (1) good moral character; (2) three years' study; (3) required age, twenty-one years; (4) attendance upon three courses, or two courses of lectures and sustaining satisfactory examination in studies embraced in first-year course of lectures; (5) dissection of three parts of the human body; (6) one year of hospital attendance; (7) passing all examinations; (8) satisfactory thesis. Fees : For the college year, $75; final examination, $30; matriculation, $5: demonstra- tor. $5; laboratory, $5; hospital, $6; or for first-year course, $90; second-year course, $91; graduation course, $111. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 153 50 32.6 1878-79 152 37 24.4 1879-80 148 38 25.6 1880-81 152 45 32.2 1881-82 155 39 25!+ 1882-83 137 42 30.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty- seven. The total number of matriculates in the twenty-four years of the existence of this col- lege has been 2654, and the total number of graduates 832. Average percent, of matricu- lates to graduates (24 years) 31. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 79. Number of graduates in Illinois, 356. Remarks : The establishment of this school was the first attempt in this country to place medical college education upon a full graded and systematic plan, in accordance with tne same principles that govern in all other branches of education. It also made actual attendance upon hospital clinical instruction during at least one college term, one of the regular requirements for graduation. The plan thus adopted in the beginning has been continued to the present time, making such changes only as would render the sys- tem more complete in its practical working.—(Contributions to the History of Medical Education and Medical Instruction in the United States, 1776-1876. By N. S. Davis, A. M., M. D., p. 40.1 During the last thirteen years between eighty and ninety percent, of the graduates of this college have passed through the regular three courses of instruction. Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1859. The first class graduated in 1860. Classes have graduated each subsequent year.-The faculty embraces twelve professors, one assistant and one demon- strator. , . Course of Instruction : One regular course of twenty weeks, and one practitioners course?ofsi£Veeks? duration annually. The instruction given is largely clinical and Ktical-Lectures embrace principles and practice of medicine, obstetrics, medical and Kieaf diseases of women, principles and practice of surgery, materia medica. thera- nenf cs onhthafmologT otology, chemistry, toxicology, descriptive and practica anatomv DhVsiologyhikXgyfminor surgery. "The important department of medical j^urispmdence andif ublkf hygfene will be taught by one thoroughly competent, but who is yet to be appointed." 60 Requirements : For admission—"Upon application for admission each student must possess a good moral character, and must present to the registrar satisfactory evidence of a good English education. Such as are graduates of a literary or scientific college. academy, or high school, or who have passed the entrance examination to a literary college in good standing; who have a county or state teacher's certificate; graduates in medicine; previous matriculates of this college; and students who desire to pursue a special course of study—other than for the purpose of securing the degree—will be exempt from this requirement, providing they furnish this documentary evidence to.the registrar. Students who have completed a full course of study equivalent to that required for admission to this college, may, by special arrangement, be admitted on the certificates of their instructors. It is not intended to make this a critical examination; but what is required and insisted upon is, that every student shall possess a fair English education."— For graduation: (1) good moral character; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) satisfactory examination in (a) obstetrics and diseases of women, (b) sur- gery, (c) principles and practice of medicine, (d) materia medica and therapeutics, (e) physiology, (f) chemistry, (g) anatomy, (h) diseases of the eye and ear. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; graduation, $25; hospital free to matriculates; demonstrator, $5, Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 165 94 50.7 1878-79 197 67 34 + 1879-80 205 87 42.4 1880-81 195 100 51 + 1881-82 264 108 40.9 1882-83 297 134 45 + Average percent, of graduates to matriculates, during the past six years, forty -four. The total number of matriculates in twenty-three years (spring-course students counted for seven years,) 2894; graduates, 1014. Average percent, of graduates to matricu- lates, 35. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 86. Number of graduates in Illinois, 302. Remarks : "Should any candidate for graduation fail in the final examination, he will be entitled to demand a re-examination at any subsequent session, without the necessity of further attendance upon lectures." "The board of trustees feel that the graded course, as adopted by some colleges, is really designed to throw chaff in the eyes of the medicine pupil and profession. For if the students are passed on certain branches at the end of each term, they practically graduate at the end of three or more terms on one course of lectures and not upon three courses of instruction." "Those students who passed satisfactory examinations last year on certain branches will be accorded credit for the same this year."— Extracts from The Annual Announce- ment, session of 1883-84. Bennett College of Eclectic Medicine and Surgery. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1868. The first class graduated in 1869. Classes have graduated each subsequent year.—Faculty embraces fourteen professors and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One course of lectures of twenty-four weeks' duration, annually, and a spring (reading) course of eight weeks' duration. "Tuition at this college is by didactic lectures, with demonstrations, clinical teaching, laboratory instructions with experiments, recitations and personal teaching in cases demanding physical man- ipulation."—Lectures embrace principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, materia medica, therapeutics, clinical medicine, surgical anatomy, orthopedy, chemistry, pharmacy, toxicology, principles and practice of medi- cine, physiology, diseases of children, general and descriptive anatomy, ophthalmology, otology, diseases of the respiratory and circulatory organs and of the nervous system, electro-therapeutics, dermatology, venereal diseases, medical jurisprudence, dental pathology. Requirements : For admission, a good elementary English education, including mathematics, English composition and elementary physics, as attested by the presenta- tion of a diploma of graduation from some literary and scientific college or high school, or by a creditable examination upon those branches by a committee appointed for that purpose.—For graduation : (1) the candidate must possess satisfactory references as to good moral character and have attained the age of twenty-one years; (2) three years' study. (3) must have attended two courses of lectures, with dissections.'the last of which must be in this college—documentary evidence of those facts must be presented to the dean with the application; (4) must have completed the prescribed course of analytical chemistry; (5) sustain a satisfactory and honorable examination in every department. 61 Fees : Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; demonstrator, $10; analytical chemistry, $10; graduating, $25. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 139 65 46 1878-79 106 29 27 1879-80 123 37 30 1880-81 127 51 40 1881-82 113 38 33 1882-83 147 52 35 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-six. Number of Illinois students during the last session, 49. Number of graduates in Illinois, 205. Woman's Medical College of Chicago. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1870. The first class graduated in 1871. No class graduated in 1872. Classes have graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces fourteen professors and one associate professor, two lecturers, four assistants, and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One annual graduating course of thirty weeks' duration. Instruction is given by didactic lectures and recitations, clinical lectures and practical work, and attendance on hospitals. Graded course of three years recommended but not required. Lectures embrace gynecology, theory and practice of medicine, diseases of children, pathology, renal diseases, surgery, medical jurisprudence, diseases of the nervous sys- tem, obstetrics, anatomy, chemistry, toxicology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otology, diseases of chest and throat, physiology, materia medica. therapeutics, hygiene, his- tology. Requirements: For admission, (a) certificate of graduation from high school, or like institution, (b) teacher's certificate from county superintendent of schools, or (c) matricu- lation examination sufficient to prove a good English education; good moral character. For graduation: (1) three full years' study; (2) two full courses of lectures; (3) two full courses of dissection; (4) one course in practical chemistry; (5) twenty-one years of age; 6) satisfactory oral and written examination, (7) one course in hospital instruction. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; laboratory, $5; demonstrator, $5; gradua- tion, $30. Students: Number-of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— >ession. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 32 7 22- 1878-79 39 5 13- 1879-80 76 10 13 + 1880-81 77 17 22 1881-82 83 23 27 1882-83 79 18 22 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 31. Number of graduates in Illinois, 44. Remarks : The spring term has been abandoned, and the college year lengthened to seven, instead of flve, months. Chicago Homeopathic Medical College. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1876. The first class graduated in 1877. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year—The faculty embraces fifteen professors, two lecturers and three demonstrators. Course of Instruction: A regular sejssion of twenty-two weeks' duration, and a snring session of six weeks' duration, annually. Three years' graded course recom- mended but not required. A junior and a senior course (two separate and distinct courses) are delivered during each college term. Clinics hospital and dispensary-Lec- tures embrace: Junior year, anatomy, physiology, histology, microscopy,, materia medica chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, minor surgery, odontology, sanitary sci- ence and clinics. Senior year, institutes and practice of medicine and surgery, gyne- cology pedology, materia medica, obstetrics, ophthalmology and otology, mental and nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence and clinics. 62 Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 107 25 23.3 110 31 28+ 86 20 23.2 87 25 28 7 128 38 29.6 125 40 32 Requirements: For admission, "All applicants for admission must possess good moral character, and present to the secretary such evidence of good English education as is required of matriculants in all other reputable medical colleges." The above, under the heading Requirements for Admission, was inserted in the Eighth Annual Announce- ment. Upon being informed that such a statement was unsatisfactory to the Board, and that graduates matriculated under this condition would be examined by the Board before being granted a license to practice in the State of Illinois, the college authorities issued a supplementary announcement containing the following: "This college requires that all applicants for admission must possess good moral character, and present to the secretary satisfactory evidence of a good English educa- tion, such as is required of all matriculants by the State Board of Health of Illinois. It is not intended to make this examination technical or rigid, but that every student must possess a fair English education. Previous medical matriculants, graduates of col- leges and high schools will be exempt from this examination." For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years'study; (3) two full courses; (4) practical anatomy to the extent of having dissected every region of the body; (5) pass all the regular examinations. Fees: For the college year, $75; final examination, $30; matriculation, $5; demonstra- tor, $5; laboratory, $5; hospital, $6; or for first-year course, $)0; second-year course, $91; graduation course, $111. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-seven Number of Illinois students during the past year, 64. Number of graduates in Illinois, 81. Remarks: "The course has been lengthened one week since the last announcement. Female students are no longer admitted. They are excluded, not from any hostility, but because of the peculiar conditions by which they are surrounded." College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1882. First class graduated in 1883.—Faculty embraces twenty-one pro- fessors, seven lecturers, and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One regular course of twenty-three weeks' duration, a spring or reading course, and a practitioners' course of four weeks' duration. Graded course of three years recommended, but not required. "Instruction will be given by didactic and clinical lectures, practical work in the dissecting room, clinical and physi- ological laboratories and by oral and written examinations."—Lectures embrace descrip- tive and practical anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, laryn- gology, state medicine, public hygiene, medical jurisprudence, principles and practice of medicine and surgery, operative surgery, surgical pathology, surgical anatomy, obstet- rics, ophthalmology, demonstrations of surgery, otology, diseases of children, gyneco- logy, dermatology, orthopedic surgery, medical chemistry, diseases of the genito-urinary organs, dental surgery, mental and nervous diseases. Requirements: For admission:—"No previous reading or study of medicine is required before entering college;" (a) eighteen years of age; (b) good moral character- (c) a graduate or matriculate of a university or college, or a graduate of a high school or holding certificate from any school board or superintendent of schools as qualified as teacher, or having certificate from a recognized medical society as being fitted to study medicine: (d) if not in the class (c) must pass such an examination as will show his edu- cation sufficient to enable him to engage in the study of medicine.—For graduation- (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three full three years' study; (3) attendance on two courses of lectures; (4) a complete dissection; (5) attendance during two courses in hospital- (6) satisfactory examination in all branches taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; demonstrator,$10; examination,$30; hospital, $5. Students: Session of 1882-83—matriculates. 152; graduates, 52. Percent of graduates to matriculates, thirty-four. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 65. Number of graduates in Illinois, 9. 63 Quincy College of Medicine. (Medical Department, Chaddock College.) Quincy, 111. (Pop. 28 268.) Organized in 1882.—The faculty embraces eleven professors and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One regular course of twenty-two weeks' duration. Three years graded course recommended, but not required. Lectures embrace the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women, clinical surgery, chemistry, toxicology, anatomy, ophthalmology, otology, physiology, hygiene, clinical medicine, diseases of the mind and nervous system, and pharmacy. (The chair of mate- ria medica and therapeutics was not filled at the time the announcement was issued.> Examinations, quizzes and reviews are given frequently. Requirements: For admission—"All applicants who can present evidence of a good English education sufficient to enable them to understand medical literature, and to readily and thoroughly comprehend the necessary technicalities of our profession, are eligible to our class. Tnis may be made apparent by diplomas, evidence or certificates from proper authorities, or, in their absence, by oral or written examinations."—For graduation—(1) Twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two courses of lec- tures; (4) two courses of instruction in anatomy, including dissections and demonstra- tions: (5) three years' study; (6) "pass a creditable examination in all the branches taught in the institution." Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $40; demonstrator, $10; examination, $25. Students: Session of 1882-83—matriculates, 6; graduates, 0. Number of Illinois stu- dents during the past year, 2. Chicago School of Midwifery and Lying-In Hospital. Chicago, 111. Organized in 1880. The first course was given in 1880-81.—The faculty embraces three professors. Course of Instruction: One course of lectures, of twenty-four weeks'duration, is given annually. Lectures are delivered in English, German and Scandinavian. "Instruc- tion at this institution is by didactic lectures, demonstrated by the bony pelvis, foetal skull, manikin, specimens, charts, and attendance upon cases of labor, either in the hos- pital or among outside patients. Every student must attend at least two obstetrical cases, under the supervision of the instructor, before graduating." Requirements: For admission—Students must pass a preliminary examination and furnish references as to moral character. For graduation—The candidate must be twenty- one years of age, and must have regularly attended one whole term. She must pass a rigid written examination, and have the required practical instruction. Eighty per cent. of the prescribed questions must be correctly answered. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; graduation, $5. Students: Twelve candidates graduated at the close of the session of 1880-81, and eigbteen at the close of the session of 1881-82. Remarks: Graduates of this school are required to pass examinations, conducted by the Illinois State Board of Health, before certificates entitling them to practice mid- wifery in Illinois are granted them. INDIANA. Population, 1 978 301. Number of physicians, 4993. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 396. There is no law regulating the practice of medicine in this State. By section 4995 of the Revised Statutes, "every physician in each town, city and county shall be required to report to the secretary of the board of health of such town, city or county such facts and statistics as may be required by him, under the direction of the county board, or of the State board of health, through such county board." Section 4995 provides that; "It shall be the duty of all physicians and accoucheurs in this State to register their names and post office address with the clerk of the circuit court of the county in which they reside; and all such physicians and accoucheurs shall renort to the secretary Of the board of health of the town, city or county in which they occur and within fifteen days thereafter, all births and deaths which may occur under their supervision with a certificate of the cause of death, and such correlative tacts as 64 may be required in the blank forms furnished, as provided in this act. Any physician, accoucheur or householder willfully or purposely (after notice by the secretary of the local board under whose jurisdiction such householder may live) failing or refusing to t comply with the provisions of this section, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in any sum not less than flve dollars nor more than ten dollars." Section 4996 requires the clerk of the circuit court of each county to keep a book I especially prepared and set apart for the registration of names and post office addresses of physicians and accoucheurs of such county. * * * "Provided, that the clerk shall be entitled to chargOieach physician and.accfoucheur so registered a fee of ten cents, and no more." Section 1921 provides that, "Whoever, in a state of intoxication, prescribes or admin- isters any poison, drug or medicine to another, which endangers the life of such other person, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars nor less ttian ten dollars, and imprisoned in the county jail not more than three months nor less than ten days.' By section 1922, a similar penalty is ordained for any person who prescribes any secret medicine. University of Indiana. New Albany, Ind. Organized in 1833. The following interesting history of this, the first fraudulent medi- cal school in the west, is taken from the minutes of the New York County Medical Society of the date December 16.1833: It appears that John Cook Bennett, M. D., LL. D., chancellor, secretary, etc.. of this institution, journeyed to New York City in the summer of 1833, and, having appointed two members of the county medical society as assistants, proceeded "to examine candidates and dispense diplomas," the persons usually paying therefor the sum of twenty-five dollars. This proceeding becoming known to the society, a committee was appointed "to investigate and report on the subject of diplomas purporting to be issued by the Univer- sity of Indiana." The committee reported— (1.) That such an institution was in existence, having been incorporated by an act entitled "An act to incorporate the Christian College, in New Albany, in Floyd county, Indiana." (2.) That said college was organized by a meeting of eight persons, at the house of Bennett, in New Albany. (3.) That the said college, under its charter, claims, and probably exercises the right, to confer eight different kinds of degrees on males, and seven on females." (4.) That this university embraces seven departments, including a department of medicine. (5.) That John Cook Bennett was bishop and secretary of the general university, and president, chancellor, and professor of midwifery in the medical department. (6.) By a by-law, the bishop was authorized to send out commissioners to confer degrees, etc. (7.) That at the time of issuing the diplomas, this university did not possess buildings, apparatus or facilities of any kind to teach physic and surgery; had not given any full course of instruction, nor had any lectures on medical science been delivered. And, finally, that the charges against the members of the society were true; where- upon the society publicly reprimanded the offenders. Indiana Medical College. La Porte, Ind. Organized in 1844.—Lectures were continued at this college until 1848, when the insti- tution was removed to St. Charles, 111., from thence to Rock Island, 111., 1849, and finally to Keokuk, Iowa, where it remains as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Keokuk. Number of graduates in Illinois, 6. Medical College of Evansville. Evansville, Ind. (Pop. 29 280.) Organized in 1849. Classes were graduated during the years '50, '51, '52, '53 and '54, num- bering 44 alumni. Lectures were suspended from '54 to '71; reorganized 1871. Classes have been graduated since 1873.—Faculty embraces ten professors, one lecturer, two assistants and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One nineteen weeks' course annually. "Examinations will be held at each lecture on the instructions of the previous day, and the standing and im- provement of each student carefully noted." Dispensary and hospital clinics are afforded.—Lectures on principles and practice of medicine and surgery, obstetric0 65 chemistry, toxicology, anatomy, diseases of nervous system, gynecology, ophthalmology, materia medica, therapeutics, venereal diseases, clinical surgerv, physiology, diseases or children, minor surgery, practical anatomy, practical chemistry, histology, pathology and dermatology. Requirements: For admission, "Each student shall furnish evidence that he pos- sesses a good moral character, a good English education, or pass an examination on mathematics, English grammar and composition and natural philosophy."—For gradua- tion: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) unexceptionable moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) practical anatomy during two courses; (6) prac- tical chemistry during one course of lectures; (7) satisfactory examination on the various branches taught; (8) thesis. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $40; demonstrator, $5; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 37 21 56+ 1878-79 36 14 38+ 1879-80 25 5 20 1880-81 24 6 25 1881-82 17 11 64+ 1882-83 16 7 43+ Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty -one. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 3. Number of graduate's in Illinois, 28. Physio-Medical College of Indiana. Indianapolis, Ind. (Pop. 75 046.) Organized in 1873. The first class was graduated in 1874. Classes have been gradu- ated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces nine professors and three lecturers. Course of Instruction: One course of twenty-three weeks annually.—Lectures em- brace principles and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, principles and practice of surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, botany, materia medica, therapeu- tics, histology, physiology, general, descriptive and surgical anatomy, microscopy, pathological histology, chemistry, toxicology, medical jurisprudence, sanitary science and diseases of the rectum. Clinics at the city hospital twice a week. Requirements: For admission, under the head of requirements for graduation the following statement is found: "applicants for graduation must give satisfactory evidence of having a good English education, the fact to be established by presentation of a diploma from a reputable literary college, or pass an examination by a board of censors." For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) attendance at hos- pital clinics; (4) two courses of dissection; (5) good English education (see above); (6) "a competent knowledge of all the branches taught in this college; qualifications sufficient to rightly apply the puinciples inculcated in every-day practice, is the only basis upon which degrees are conferred." Fees: Matriculation, (paid but once) $5; hospital, $3; lectures, $75; demonstrator, $5; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates tolmatriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 19 8 42 + 1878-79 15 7 46 + 1879-80 15 8 53 + 1880-81 20 10 50 1881-82 24 10 4(1 + 1882-83 26 11 40 + Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty-five. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 4. Medical College of Fort Wayne. Fort Wayne, Ind. Organized in 1876. Classes were graduated in each year from 1877 to 1883, inclusive. During the summer of 1883, the effects of the college were sold under execution, and the organization became extinct. (For what is stated to have been "all the furniture and •ill the illustrations of the entire establishment," a little over fifty dollars was received.) \ Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. -5 66 Medical College of Indiana Indianapolis, Ind. Organized in 1878, when the Indiana Medical College (organized 1868) and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Indiana (organized 1873) were united to form this college. This college, formerly the medical department of Butler Dniversity, severed its connec- tion with that institution in 1883.—The faculty embraces ten professors, four assistants, two demonstrators, a curator, and prosector, Course of Instruction: One regular term of twenty weeks' duration annually. The course of instruction covers two years; daily quizzes, clinics, and practical instruction are given.—Lectures embrace principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, theory and practice of medicine, gynecology, mental and nervous diseases, physiology, obstet- rics, diseases of children, anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, ophthalmology, otol- ogy, chemistry, toxicology. Requirements: For admission, in accordance with the schedule of the Illinois State Board of Health.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses; (5) "examination by the faculty on all the branches of medicine." Fees: Matriculation, $5; laboratory, $5; lectures, $40; demonstrator, $10; hospital, $6; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1878-79 143 66 46 + 1879-80 182 60 33 — 1880-81 200 83 41.5 1881-82 164 58 35 + 1882-83 131 53 40.4 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past four years, thirty-nine* Number of Illinois students during the past year, 13. Number of graduates in Illinois, 37. Central College of Physicians and Surgeons, Indianapolis, Ind. Organized in 1879. The first class was graduated in 1880. The faculty embraces eleven professors, three lecturers, three demonstrators, and one prosector. Course of Instruction: One preliminary course of one week's, and one regular winter course of twenty weeks' duration annually; three years'graded course recom- mended, but not required; clinical teaching is given at hospitals, city and college dispen- sary.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, microscopy, histology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, obstetrics, medical and surgical diseases of women, surgery, sur- gical pathology, ophthalmology, otology, laryngoscopy, principles and practice of medi- cine, mental and nervous diseases, sanitary science, and medical jurisprudence. Requirements: For admission, "satisfactory evidence of a good English education." Certificates of graduation from a high school or like institution, or a teacher's certificate from a county superintendendcnt or schools, will be accepted as sufficient evidence of such education. Students wno have attended one course of lectures, and practitioners in good standing, are exempt from this requirement.—For graduation: (1) good moral char- acter; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) must pass satisfactory examination in anatomy, including dissections, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, obstetrics, surgery, principles and practice of medicine, clinical medicine. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $40; laboratory, $5; demonstrator, $5; hospital, $6; graduation, $25. Students; Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1879-80 42 12 28 5 1880-81 62 17 27.4 1881-82 43 10 23 + 1882-83 44 24 54.5 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past four years, thirty-three. Number of Illinois students during the past year, I. Number of graduates in Illinois, 4. Remarks: Dr. Eastman, Secretary, writes: "The candidate for graduation who makes 66% percent, in all departments is passed. Failing in one important chair, and making a very high average in other important chairs, he may be balloted for; but if he falls below in three chairs, he can, under no circumstances, have a ballot for graduation. Our school / was organized to change the mode of graduation in Indiana, and we will stand up in line. / The following is an extract from the fifth annual announcement: 'The time is close at! hand when no medical school can afford to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine upon/ any one not known to be qualified for the responsible duties of the profession.'" 67 Fort Wayne College of Medicine. Fort Wayne, Ind. (Pop. 26,880). Organized in 1879. The first class graduated in 1880—The faculty embraces thirteen professors, two assistants and three lecturers. .Course of Instruction: Graded course of three years recommended but not re- quired; one course of twenty-two weeks'duration annually; clinical instruction given at hospital and dispensary.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, toxicology, materia medica, therapeutics, nervous and mental diseases, orthopedic surgery, hygiene and medical jurisprudence. Requirements: For admission: "Believing that the time has come when the public demands men of at least a fair degree of culture in the medical profession, we will require satisfactory evidence that the student has at least a fair proficiency in the fundamental branches of an English education. Evidence of graduation in a high school, academy or college, or a license to teach in the public schools, will be accepted." For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses.of lectures, not within the same twelvemonth; (5) dissection for one session; (6) instruction in chemistry during one session; (7) must have followed the practice of a hos- pital; (8) must pass monthly and terminal examinations; premature examination will be granted if good and sufficient reasons are given for requesting it. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $40; demonstrator, $5: laboratory, $5; hospital, $5; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 27 16 59 + 1882-83 25 12 48 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, fifty-three. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. Indiana Eclectic Medical College. Indianapolis, Ind. Organized in 1880.—The faculty embraces thirteen professors and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One course of lectures of twenty weeks' duration an- nually. Will embrace, in addition to didactic lectures, as far as practicable, clinical in- struction.—Lectures embrace physiology, anatomy, otology, ophthalmology, chemistry, toxicology, medical jurisprudence, hygiene, surgery, surgical pathology, principles and practice of medicine, obstetrics, materia medica, therapeutics, gynecology, dermatology, diseases of children. Requirements: For admission: "Every student must possess a good English educa- tion, including mathematics, English composition and elementary physics. A diploma from a high school or college is preferred."—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study: (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) must produce evidence of attend- ance on lectures on practical anatomy; (5) thesis or clinical report; (6) examination on the regular and essential branches of medicine; (7) good moral character. Fees: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $5; lectures, $40; graduation, $25; laboratory, $5. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 27 12 44.4 1881-82 19 11 58 + 1882-83 24 7 29 + Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past three years, forty-three. Number of Illinois students during the past year 3. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. Remarks: At the April, 1883, meeting of the Illinois State Board of Health, charges ggainst this college being under consideration, it was resolved that its diplomas would be recognized in the future by said Board whenever, and so long as, it shall appear that its methoas and practices entitle it to such recognition. Beach Medical College, Indianapolis, Ind. Organized in 1883. The faculty embraces eight professors. Course of Instruction: One preliminary course of twelve days' duration; one reg- ular course of twenty weeks' duration, and one practitioner's course of eight weeks' du- 68 ration will be given annually—Lectures embrace anatomy, surgery, theory and practice of medicine.obstetrics, materia medica, therapeutic, physiology, histology, gynecology. diseases of children, electro-therapeutics, chemistry, toxicology, botany, and medical jurisprudence (taught by the different chairs.) Requirements: For admission and graduation: Twenty-one years of age, testimo- nials of good moral character, and good English education, including mathematics, English composition, and elementary physics, or natural philosophy. Such proof to con- sist of a diploma of graduation from some literary and scientific college or high school; or be furnished by an examination, by a committee appointed for that purpose. Ihe ninth "article of incorporation," printed in the announcement, provides that no student shall be admitted to the graduating class, without furnishing to the faculty satisfactory evidence of good character, of being twenty-one years of age, of having read medicine with one or more reputable practitioners for three years, and of attendance on two courses of medical lectures in a legal medical college, the last of which shall have been in this college." Fees: Matriculation, $5; laboratory, $5; demonstrator, $5 ; lectures, $45 ; graduation, $25. IOWA. Population, 1 624 615. Number of physicians, 3035. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 535. An act, passed in 1882, granting additional powers to cities, provides that cities organ- ized under the general incorporation laws of the State, in addition to the powers already granted them, shall have power: To regulate, license, and tax itinerant doctors, physi- cians and surgeons. Section 3643 of the General Statutes prohibits a doctor from giving, in his testimony before a court, any confidential communication properly entrusted to him in his profes- sional capacity, and necessary and proper to enable him to discharge the functions of his office according to the usual course of practice. College of Physicians and Surgeons, (Formerly Medical Department University of Iowa.) Keokuk, Iowa. (Pop., 12117.) Organized in 1850, The first class was graduated in 1851. Classes were graduated each subsequent year.—Faculty embraces six professors, two lecturers, and one "taxidermist and curator of museum." Course of Instruction: One course of lectures of twenty weeks' duration, annually; three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Clinics given at the college infirmary; practical anatomy and practical chemistry.—Lectures embrace institutes and practice of surgery, chemistry, toxicology, materia medica, institutes and practice of medicine, obstetrics, diseases of women, anatomy, pathology, physiology, therapeutics, ophthalmology, otology, medical jurisprudence, metric system. Requirements: For admission: "A certificate of graduation from a literary college, academy, high school, or first-class teacher's certificate, or a matriculation examination in the branches of a good English education."—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) three years' study; (5) no thesis required; (6) satisfactory examination, either oral or written, at the discretion of the faculty, in anatomy, physiology and pathology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeu- tics, practice of medicine and surgery. Fees: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $5; lectures, $20; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1879-80 266 117 66 6 1881-82 273 126 46 + 1882-83 130 54 41.5 Average percent of graduates to matriculates for three years, forty-four. Number of Illinois students during the first year, 30. Number of graduates in Illinois, 275. 69 Medical Department of the State University of Iowa. Iowa City, la. (Pop., 7123.) Organized in 1870. The first class graduated in 1871. Classes have graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces eight professors, one assistant, one lecturer and one prosector. Course of Instruction: One course of twenty weeks'duration annually; graded course recommended but not required. Instruction is given by lectures, recitations, clin- ics, practical work in laboratories, dissections, and daily oral examinations, a record of which is recorded for future reference. All students in the advanced classes of both courses will receive special practical instruction in physical diagnosis, mechanical* ob- stetrics, application of bandages, splints, and surgical dressings.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, microscopic anatomy, chemistry, toxicology, materia medica, prac- tice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, ophthalmology, otology, medical juris- prudence. Requirements : For admission—"All candidates for admission to the course of med- ical lectures must give evidence of a good English education. If the applicant is a grad- uate of a literary or scientific college, or presents the certificate of having passed the entrance examination of such an institution, or the certificate cf graduation from a high school or academy, it will be accepted in lieu of an examination. In any other case, the candidate must pass an examination before a committee of the faculty, as follows : A written composition, not to exceed a page of foolscap, on a given subject, which will be the test of orthography, grammar, etc.; an examination in common arithmetic, history of the United States, in geography and elementary physics, or natural philosophy. Stu- dents from other schools not requiring preliminary examinations must present creden- tials or be examined for admission."—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) unexceptionable moral character; (3) three years' study: (4) two courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in all the branches taught. In cases where the three-term course is adopted, a certificate of time of study is not an absolute requirement. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $20; demonstrator, $10; laboratory, $5; graduation, $25. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates : Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 82 19 23+ 1878-79 92 15 16+ 1879-80 126 22 17+ 1880-81 149 35 23+ 1881-82 151 46 30 + 1882-83 162 35 21 + Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-two. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 9. Number of graduates in Illinois, 31. Remarks : Thirty-seven per cent, of the matriculates pursue the three years' graded course, an increase over the preceding year of seven per cent. Hygiene is taught by the chairs of practice and physiology. Homeopathic Medical Department of the State University of Iowa. Iowa City, la. Organized 1877.—Faculty embraces two professors, flve lecturers, and an assistant to the chair of materia medica. The teaching of this department is supplementary, the pe- culiar views of the school only being taught. The lectures on subjects common to both schools are delivered by the professors in the regular department. Course of Instruction : One course of twenty weeks' duration annually.—Lectures embrace theory and practice, materia medica, diseases of women and children, and ob- stetrical and surgical therapeutics, dermatology, pharmacy, physical diagnosis, minor surgery, dentistry, anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, surgery, chemistry and medical juris- prudence. Requirements : For admission, no requirement is printed in the regular annual an- nouncement, but the dean writes that, since the announcement was issued, the board of regents have adopted the preliminary requirements givenin the synopsis of the regular department (vide supra), and that they "are now in full force in both departments. For graduation : (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years study: (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) "must have been engaged in the study of practical anatomy and practical chemistry;" (6) satisfactory examination in all the branches taught in the department. 'The final examinations will be conducted in writing, by the faculty of the department, subject to approval or rejection by a board of examiners, selected for , that purpose from the homeopathic physicians of Iowa. The ad eundem degree>in this deDartment may be conferred under the following circumstances : The candidate must be in possession of an accredited diploma, and must present letters from two respectable 70 physicians in regard to his moral character and professional standing. An attendance upon lectures, from time to time during the session, and a satisfactory examination must be passed on all subjects taught in the department." Fees: Matriculation. $5; lectures,$20; demonstrator, $10; laboratory course, $5; grad- uation, $25. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 18 1 5.5 1878-79 32 3 9.3 1879-80 47 9 19+ 1880-81 60 16 26.6 1881-82 46 15 32.6 1882-83 44 12 27.2 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-three. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. Remarks : Twenty-seven per cent, of the students pursue the three years' graded course, a decrease over the preceding year of one percent. Iowa Medical College—Eclectic. Medical Department of Drake University. DesMoines, la. (Pop. 22 408.) Organized in 1881 as the Iowa Eclectic Medical College, Medical Department of Drake University; assumed its present name in 1883. The flrst class graduated in 1882.—The faculty embraces eight professors and five lecturers. Course of Instruction: Two sessions of twenty weeks each held each year.—Lec- tures embrace chemistry, toxicology, physiology, descriptive and surgical anatomy, ob- stetrics, materia medica, therapeutics, principles and practice of medicine, gynecology, principles and practice of surgery, diseases of the thorax, alimentary tract and children, dental pathology, medical jurisprudence. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) must have read medicine three years and attended two ful courses of lectures, not in the same year; (4) dissection for two terms; (5) satisfactory ex- amination in anatomy, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, obstetrics, physi- ology, practice of medicine and surgery, either written or oral, at discretion of the faculty. Fees; Matriculation (paid but once,) $5; lectures,$25; demonstrator,$5; graduation,$25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— v Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. Jan. to June, 1882, 25 7 22 + Sept., 1882, to June, 1883, 19 — — Jan. to June, 1883, 19 8 42 + Total number of individual students who have attended lectures at this school, 39. Total number graduated, 15. Percent, of graduates to matriculates, thirty-eight. Remarks: E. H. Carter, M. D., Dean, writes: "Our announcement just published" (issued before the receipt of documents informing him of the minimum requirements of this Board) "does not fill your requirements. We will gladly put ourselves in harmony with the present custom of the best schools in this country. We have sent out a few announcements like the one I sent you. Will send no more, however, but will have new ones printed." College of Physicians and Surgeons of Iowa. DesMoines, la. Organized in 1882. The flrst class graduated in 1883.—The faculty embraces fifteen pro- | fessors. I Course of Instruction: One course of lectures of twenty-two weeks' duration } annually; three years' graded course recommended but not required.—Lectures embrace .'' principles and practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, i obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of children, anatomy, physiology, materia medica, thera- I peutics, chemistry, toxicology, pathology, histology, microscopy, ophthalmology, otology, / laryngology, medical jurisprudence, mental and nervous diseases, dermatology, ortho- , pedic surgery, hygiene, genito-urinary diseases. I 71 Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory ex- amination in the several branches taught in the college, "and present satisfactory evi- dence of a preliminary examination in the higher English branches as taught in the high school, academy or college, or be subject to an examination in the same, at the discretion of the faculty." Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $40; demonstrator, $5; graduation, $25; laboratory,$5. Students: Session of 1882-83—matriculates, 9; graduates, 3. Percent, of graduates to matriculates, thirty-three. KANSAS. Population, 996 096. Number of physicians, 1964. Number of inhabitants to each phy- sician. 507. In 1879, an act to regulate the practice of medicine in Kansas was passed, which au- thorized the Kansas Medical Society, the Eclectic Medical Society of the State of Kan- sas, and the Homeopathic State Medical Society, each, to appoint a board of examiners. These boards were empowered to grant certificates to those presenting diplomas duly authenticated, as well as to those passing an examination by either one of the boards; and such certificates were conclusive as to the right of the recipients to practice in the State. In other respects, also, the act resembled the California act, the text of which is given elsewhere. Dr. D. W. Stormont, of Topeka, president of one of the Boards of Examiners, writes that this act was declared unconstitutional, on the ground that the medical examiners, be- ing State officers, should have been appointed by the Governor, instead of by the State med- ical societies. No examinations have been made since 1880. Complaint was also made, that the law was defective in operation, in that persons who failed to pass the examina- tion of one board were not debarred from appearing before either of the others; and that in this way incompetent individuals became legally qualified. Medical Department, University of Kansas. Lawrence, Kas. (Pop., 8571.) Organized in 1880. Course of Instruction: Two terms of twenty weeks' duration, annually. First term—chemistry lectures and recitations daily, for twenty weeks; laboratory practice for twenty weeks; physiology lectures daily, for ten weeks; comparative anatomy, dis- sections, etc., etc.. ten weeks. Second term—botany recitations and laboratory practice daily, for twenty weeks; chemistry, physiology and pathology recitations and laboratory practice, for fourteen weeks: toxicology, six weeks; materia medica recitations and practice daily, for twenty weeks. Requirements: A full collegiate course is recommended for all professional stu- dents. Any student admitted to the special course in medicine must be prepared at least for freshman class in all English studies. Number of students attending the last session, seven. Remarks: This is a preparatory medical course, aud is claimed to be "accepted by all the leading colleges of the West as the flrst of a three-years course, and students passing examinations in these classes will be admitted to the second year in those col- leges on the certificate of the faculty of this institution."* KENTUCKY. Population, 1 648 690. Number of physicians, 2985. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 551. An Act to Protect Citizens of this Commonwealth from Empiricism. Whereas the people are liable to be imposed upon by charlatans and incompetent ohysicians and surgeons: and whereas, it is of the highest importance that none but per- sons with competent qualifications should be allowed to practice a profession to whose skill and ability the life of the individual is intrusted; therefore, Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky: Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person, for reward or compensation, ■within the limits of this State, to practice medicine in any of its departments, or to pre- scribe or attempt to prescribe, medicine for any sick person, or perform, or attempt to perform any surgical operation upon any person within said limits, who has not gradua- 72 ted at some chartered school of medicine in this or some foreign country, or who cannot produce a certificate of qualification from some one of the boards of examiners provided? for in this act, and is not a person of good moral character. § 2. Any person who has been regularly and honorably engaged in the practice of medicine, in any of its departments, for ten years, shall be deemed to have complied with the provisions of this act. Any person having been so engaged for flve years shall be allowed one year in which to comply with said provisions. § 3. The Governor shall, within sixty days from the passage of this act, appoint flve citizens in each and every judicial district in this State; said citizens shall be prac- ticing physicians of acknowledged learning and ability, and regular graduates of some chartered medical college, who shall constitute and be styled. "The Board of Medical Examiners," for said district; three of whom shall constitute a quorum for the transac- tion of business. Their term of office shall be four (4) years, beginning the flrst day of April, 1874; and it shall be the duty of the Governor, each four years thereafter, and prior to the flrst day of April, to appoint their successors, who shall have the qualifications herein required. §' 4. It shall be the duty ot each of said boards to meet and hold annual sessions in their respective districts, at some central, convenient place, easy of access, to be by them selected, commencing on the flrst Monday in June of each year, for the purpose of examining all applicants who desire to practice medicine, in any of its departments.. The examination shall be conducted in such manner and to such extent as the examiners may deem most conducive to the interests and wants of the people and the advancement o' learning in the medical profession, and to embrace the following branches of medical science, viz: Chemistry, anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, surgery, and so much of prac- tical medicine as relates to the nomenclature, history and symptoms of disease. The several boards may hold extra sessions, if they deem it necessary, at any time and place in their respective districts they may think proper. § 5. The examination shall require all applicants to produce satisfactory evidence of good moral character, and to pay an examination fee of not more than twenty dollars. The sessions of the several boards shall continue long enough to give all who desire it an opportunity to undergo a fair and impartial examination. § 6. The examiners shall grant all applicants—who shall be found upon examination to possess a fair, practical knowledge of the branches named in section four of this act— a certificate of qualification, signed by at least three members of said board, which shall entitle the holder thereof, for the time specified, to practice any or all of the branches named in said certificate, anywhere in said district or adjoining district. § 7. The members of the several boards shall receive as compensation for their ser- vices, all of the fees paid by applicants for examination before said board. Certificates shall designate the time and the branches the holder thereof shall be entitled to practice, and shall not be granted for a longer period than flve years, nor a less period than one year. § 8. Any person living in this State, or any person coming into this State, who shall practice medicine or attempt to practice medicine, in any of its departments, or who shall perform or attempt to perform any surgical operation, for or upon any person within the limits of this State, for reward or compensation, in violation of the provisions of this act, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined fifty dollars, and upon each and every subsequent conviction be fined one hundred dollars and imprisoned thirty days, or either, or both, in the discretion of the jury: and in no case where the provision of this act has been vi- olated, shall the person so violating be entitled to receive compensation for services ren- dered. § 9. Provided, that nothing herein shall be so construed as to apply to persons prac- ticing dentistry. § 10. This act shall be in force from its passage. Approved February 23,1874. Drs. Pinckney Thompson and J. W. Holland, of the Kentucky State Board of Health. write that, in all but a few counties or districts, this law is a dead letter. Medical Department of Transylvania University. Lexington, Ky. (Pop., 16 656.) Organized in 1817. Lectures were delivered at Lexington until 1859, when the institu- tion became extinct.—From 1850 to 1859 lectures were delivered during the summer only, the winter sessions being intermitted to establish the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louisville. Number of graduates in Illinois, 17. Medical Department of the University of Louisville. ' Louisville, Ky. (Pop., 123 758.) J f| Organized in 1837. No lectures were delivered from June, 1862. to June, 1863, and no< '' class graduated in 1863, because of the rebellion—The faculty embraces eight professors.t >l two lecturers and five demonstrators. J , I ' 73 Course of Instruction : One regular course of twenty-three weeks' duration, one spring course of twelve weeks' duration, and one post-graduate (practitioners') course of six weeks duration, annually. Clinics given at dispensary and hospitals. Frequent quizzes are conducted by the faculty—Lectures embrace anatomy, ophthalmology, otology, principles and practice of medicine, and clinical medicine, physiology, diseases of the chest, state medicine and sanitary science, pathology, nervous diseases, surgery—clinical and operative, surgical pathology, obstetrics, gynecology, materia med- ica, theraoeutics, chemistry. Re9uibements : For admission, none.—For graduation : (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years'study; (4) two complete courses of lectures; (5) one course of practical anatomy; (6) one course of clinical instruction; (7) examination on all the branches taught in the college. Fees : Matriculation, $5; lectures, $75; demonstrator, $10; hospital, $5; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 200 69 34+ 1878-79 210 84 40 1879-80 244 95 38 + 1880-81 213 100 47 + 1881-82 181 96 53+ 1882-83 . 194 68 35 + Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty-one. Number of Illinois students during the last session, 3. Number of graduates in Illinois, 94. Remarks : The course has been lengthened three weeks since the last session. Kentucky School of Medicine. Louisville, Ky. Organized in 1856. The first class graduated in 1857. Classes have graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces nine professors, one lecturer and one demon- strator. Course of Instruction : One course of lectures of twenty weeks' duration annually, commencing February 10, after the close of lectures in the winter schools. Quizzes are held each day by the members of the faculty. Clinics at hospital and college. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace anatomy, phys- iology, chemistry, materia medica, surgical pathology, microscopy, therapeutics, obstet- rics, diseases of women, surgery, clinical surgery, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, nervous diseases, ophthalmology, otology, laryngology, venereal diseases, and minor surgery. Requirements : For admission—"Applicants for matriculation must give evidence that they possess a good English education."—For graduation : (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures, the interval between the beginning of the flrst and the close of the second course must be at least fifteen months; (4) "dissection of the several regions of the body;" (5) one course of hospital clinics; (6) examination on all branches taught in the college. "If, after examination for the degree, he be found to have received three negative votes, he shall be entitled to another exami- nation. Should he decline this, he may withdraw, and will not be considered as rejected. The degree will not be conferred upon any candidate who is often absent from the regu- lar lectures of the college, or who absents himself from the public commencement with- out special permission of the faculty." Fees : Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $10; hospital, $5; lectures, $75; graduation, $30. Stddents : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1879 136 43 31+ 1880 107 43 40+ 1882 132 55 41 + 1883 158 51 32+ Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during four years, thirty-six. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 10. Number of graduates in Illinois, 47. Louisville Medical College. Louisville, Ky. Organized in 1869. The flrst class was graduated in 1870. Classes have been gradu- ated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces eight professors and three demon- strators. 74 Course of Instruction: One preliminary course of four weeks duration, and a regular session of nineteen weeks' duration, annually. Daily quizzes held by members of the faculty. "The plan of instruction includes lectures, clinics, quizzes, and practical demonstrations."—Lectures embrace theory and practice of medicine, anatomy, materia medica, obstetrics, gynecology, chemistry, physiology, histology, surgery, therapeutics, diseases of children. Requirements : For admission, none.—For graduation : (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study: (4j two full courses of lectures (not in the same twelvemonth); (5) one course of dissection; (6) one course of hospital clinics; w) sat- isfactory examination. Fees : Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, $75; hospital, $5: graduating, $30. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent, 1877-78 149 70 46+ 1878-79 136 61 44+ 1879-80 129 56 43+ 1880-81 116 54 47 + 1881-82 125 54 43+ 1882-83 157 51 32+ Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty-three. Number of Illinois students during the past year, 1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 60. Hospital College of Medicine. (Medical Department, Central University.) Louisville, Ky. Organized in 1873. The flrst class was graduated in 1875. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces eight professors and a demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One preliminary course of three weeks' duration, one regu- lar (graduating) course of nineteen weeks' duration, and one practioners' course are given annually. Daily quizzes are conducted by the faculty. Clinics are given at hospitals and dispensary.—Lectures embrace obstectrics, gynecology, physiology, hygiene, mental diseases, surgery, principles and practice of, and clinical medicine, descriptive, compara- tive and surgical anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of children, ophthal- mology, otology, microscopy, practical chemistry, practical physiology, minor surgery. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years'study; (4) two complete courses of lectures; (5) practical anatomy for one session; (6) clinical instruction at hospital during one session; (7) examination on all branches taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $75; demonstrator, $10; hospital,$5; practical chem- istry, $5; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates: Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 64 19 29+ 1878-79 87 24 27 + 1879-80 95 38 40 1880-81 77 31 40+ 1881-82 75 36 48 1882-83 87 31 35+ Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-seven. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 2. Number of graduates in Illinois, 12. Remarks: Tne Dean writes: "In our announcement for 1884 will be the requirement of a good English education as a prerequisite for matriculation, which was inadvertently omitted in our last." The sessions are now held from January to June. Jefferson School of Medicine. Louisville, Ky. Organized in 1882. This school graduated one class (in 1882), and then suspended operations. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. 75 LOUISIANA.. Population, 939 946. Number of physicians, 1033. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 909. An Act Relative to the Practice of Medicine and Surgery. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Louisiana: Section 1. That no person shall be allowed to practice medicine or surgery, as a means of livelihood, in any of its departments, without flrst making affidavit before a duly qualified judge or justice of the peace, or clerk of the district court, or notary public, in the parish wherein he resides, of his having received the degree of doctor of medicine from a regularly incorporated medical institution of respectable standing in America or in Europe, and designating its name and locality, and the date of his diploma, such degree to be manifested by a diploma issued by such institution, and its respectable standing to be evidenced by the endorsement or certificate of the State Board of Health written on the face of said diploma and signed by the secretary; said affidavit shall also contain the lull name of the person making the same, the date and place of his birth, and the names and places where he may have previously practiced medicine or surgery; and for every diploma certified or vised by the said Board of Health, a fee of fifty cents shall be paid by the applicant, and a record of diplomas certified shall be preserved by said State Board of Health, and copies thereof, certified by the secretary, shall be received in evidence by the courts of this State: Provided, that the said State Board of Health shall be required to certify the diploma of any medical institution of credit and respectability, without regard to its system of therapeutics, and whether the same be regular, homoeopathic or eclectic. § 2. That the affidavit required in the flrst section of this act shall be recorded in the office of the clerk of the district court of the parish, who shall make such record in a book to be kept for that purpose only, and also certify such recordation bv an endorsement on the original affidavit, which the affiant shall transmit to the State Board of Health; the officer before whom the affidavit is made, unless he be a judge, shall be entitled to a fee of fifty cents; and the officer recording the same, to a fee of one dollar; the clerk of the court shall charge no fee for the preservation of the original affidavits, but a copy thereof, duly certified by the clerk of the court, shall be admissible in evidence, and a fee of fifty cents shall be paid for said copy. § 3. That the provisions of this act shall not apply to female practitioners of mid- wifery as such, nor to persons who have been practicing medicine or surgery in this State without diplomas for the period of flve years prior to the passage of this act, nor to per- sons who have been practicing medicine or surgery in this State with diplomas emanating from a regularly incorporated medical institution of reputable standing in America or in Europe, for ten years prior to the passage of this act: Provided, that such practitioners of medicine or surgery shall make an affidavit before any judge, justice of the peace, notary public or clerk of courtof the parish wherein he resides, setting forty the following facts: The full name of the person making the affidavit, the date and place of his birth, the date of his diploma, if he have any, and the name and locality of the institution by which it was made, the date and place where he began the practice of medicine in Louisi- ana, and the names of the places where he may have previously practiced medicine or surgery; such affidavit shall be transmitted or delivered to the State Board of Health, and shall entitle the affiant to be placed on the list of registered physicians or surgeons, the publication of which is hereinafter provided for, and the officer before whom such affidavit is made shall be entitled to a fee of fifty cents; and the said State Board of Health shall preserve said affidavits, and a copy thereof, signed by the secretary, shall be received as evidence in the courts of this State, and for such copy a fee of fifty cents shall be paid. And any person who shall, in the affidavit required by this section, wilfully make any false statement, shall be deemed guilty of the crime of perjury, and punished in the man- ner provided by existing laws for the punishment of the crime of.perjury. § 4. That a copy of the affidavit recorded by the clerk of the district court, certified by him, shall be prima facie evidence that the person making the affidavit is a duly regis- tered physician or surgeon, and a certified copy of the original affidavit filed with the State Board of Health, or a certificate emanating from said State Board of Health, that the name of the person mentioned in the certificate is on the list of registered physicians and surgeons, shall be conclusive evidence of the fact. § 5. That it shall be the duty of the State Board of Health to publish annually, in the official journal of the State, and if there be no such journal, in one of the daily newspapers published in the city of New Orleans, a list of all registered physicians and surgeons in the State, and their places of residence, and such published list shall be received in evi- dence by the courts of this State as proof that the physicians and surgeons therein named are duly registered, as required bylaw; and the said State Board of Health is hereby required to strike from said list the names of such persons who may have been convicted of any infamous crimes by any court of this State or of the United States, or of any State of the United States, whether such conviction occur prior or posterior to registration: and it is also empowered to strike from said list the names of persons who may die after registration. If any person is improperly stricken from said list, he may be restored by writ of mandamus, issued by the judicial tribunals of the State, sitting in chambers, com- petent to investigate such cases. § 6 That any practitioner of medicine or surgery, failing to comply with the require- ments of this act. shall not be exempt from jury or militia duty, nor be permitted to collect any fees or charges for services rendered, nor be allowed to testify as a medical or surgi- cal expert in legal or State medicine in any court of this State, nor to execute any certifi- cate as a surgeon or physician, nor to hold any medical office, nor to be recognized by the State or any parish or municipal corporation as a physician or surgeon; nor shall he be entitled to enjoy any of the privileges, rights or exemptions granted to physicians or surgeons by the laws of this State: and moreover, he shall forfeit and be liable to a pen- alty of one hundred dollars for each and every violation of this act, and for each and every I 76 time he so violates it, said sum or sums to be recovered in a civil action to be brought before any court of competent jurisdiction, in the name and for the benefit ot the onanty Hospital at New Orleans; and he shall, in addition thereto, be subject to criminal prose- cution and be punished in the manner prescribed by law for violations of this act. § 7. That this act shall not apply to practitioners of medicine or surgery residing, and practicing in other States, who may be summoned in special instances to attend patients in the State of Louisiana by any registered physician. § 8. That this act shall take effect on and after the first day of January, 1883. Approved June 26,1882. S. S. Herrick, M.D., Secretary of the Louisiana State Board of Health, in his preface to the Register of Physicians, says: Shortly after undertaking the registration of physicians, it became evident that a very grave responsibility was involved in this work, especially in deciding what medical insti- tutions should be regarded as being of "respectable standing," within the proper mean- ing of the law. Experience soon taught us the utility of a specific regulation, to supplement the classi- fication furnished by the Illinois State Board of Health; for diplomas were found, in two instances, emanating from schools rated as respectable, which were granted after attendance upon only one course of lectures, some years of practice without a diploma having been accepted as equivalent to a course of lectures. This custom was common enough among even respectable colleges, up to a recent period, but has been disavowed by all reputable institutions, and this Board has determined to give it no countenance. Holders of diplomas from every school known to have conferred a degree after only one course of lectures are required to incorporate in their affidavits the declaration that they have attended not less than two full courses and passed a final examination. Experienced has disclosed several defects [in the law], some of them of a serious nature, which are here noted. 1. The law provides for no examination of candidates for registration. A number of meritorious men are consequently onliged to be classed with those who can make no just claim to medical knowledge, but who are privileged to register as practitioners of more than flve years' standing. Some of these gentlemen have failed to obtain diplomas, after pursuing their medical studies nearly or quite the prescribed period, and could, if allowed opportunity and time for preparation pass a creditable examination. This would give them a footing at once respectable and satisfactory to themselves; whereas, now, several individuals who rank welt in their own communities, both socially and as medical prac- titioners, feel wronged and humiliated by the operation of this act. 2. The act does not recognize the degree of M. B., nor the qualifications granted by the Roval Colleges of Physicians and of Surgeons, and the Society of Apothecaries, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It is presumed that it was not the in- tention of our General Assembly to debar them from the privilege of a respectable reg- istration in this State. Accordingly the law has received an interpretation in their favor; and a similar construction has been put upon it with reference to those who have received secondary diplomas in France, which entitle their holders to practice as Officiers de sante. It is hoped that the legislature may give express sanction to this liberal construc- tion by suitable amendment to the act. 3. The law specifies no mode of registration for those whose diplomas are disap- proved, and a possible construction would be to deny them registration altogether. Ap- plicants for registration are required to make affidavits either as holders of approved diplomas, or as practitioners of more than flve years, prior to the passage of the act, without diplomas. Those having disapproved diplomas strictly do not belong to either class: but it has been presumed that the legislature did not intend to cut them off altogether, and accordingly they are allowed to register as those having no diplomas. This defect might be remedied by admitting them to an examination, or granting them the same privilege as those without diplomas. 4. No provision is made in the law for loss or destruction of a diploma. An examina- tion, if authorized by law, would place an individual of this class on an equitable footing. 5. The term "practitioner of medicine and surgery," is not defined in the act, and this omission has been found a serious obstacle to successful prosecution of those who have failed or neglected to register. On the other hand, it is evident that fictitious claims to registration might be set up by those pretending to have practiced for periods of years, so as to claim the privileges of section 3. The difficulty of framing a law so perfect as to satisfy all concerned has already been hinted at. In fact, complaints are freely made of this act, and. singularly made for the most part by those who might be supposed to derive the greatest benefit from its strict enforcement. Indeed, there is good reason to believe that many are neglecting to register from simple captiousness. Some practitioners of less than ten years' standing think it a discrimination against themselves, because they are put to more trouble and expense to register than men without diplomas who practiced more than flve years in the State prior to the passage of the act. They do not stop to consider that all those having approved diplomas, no matter how recent, can register, while those who practiced in Louisiana less than the flve years prior to the passage of the act cannot register at all. unless they ob- tain diplomas. Another complaint is. that a wide door to registration is left open to many ignorant men who claim it under the five-year clause; and fault is found with the law because it is not immediately operative in ridding the State of unqualified practitioners. It should be remembered that great and useful reforms cannot be created full-grown and mature, but must have a beginning and a gradual growth from moderate proportions. In a few 77 years, with faithful execution of this law, amended of its defects, our State will be prac- tically rid of unqualified practitioners of medicine, by the dying out of those who have registered under section 3, without diplomas. Finally, it should not be forgotten that the real object of the law is the protection of the public from unqualified practitioners of medicine, rather than the creation of a privileged class of individuals. Physicians have no moral nor legal right to claim the latter, though it may incidentally follow; while it is certainly their duty, as law-abiding citizens, to put tnemselves to the slight trouble and expense required to carry out effectually the provisions of the law. State and city license taxes have been required by law here for many years. Medical Department of the University oi^Louisiana. New Orleans, La. (Pop. 215 060.) Organized in 1831, as the Medical College of Louisiana. Transferred to its present con- nection in 1847. The war caused suspension during the years 1863. '64 and '65; reorganized in 1865.—The faculty embraces seven professors and a demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One annual course of nineteen weeks' duration, three years graded course recommended but not required: daily rounds of hospitals made by stu- dents with professors and chiefs of cliuics.—Lectures embrace general and clinical sur- gery, theory and practice of medicine, and clinical medicine, physiology, pathological anatomy, chemistry, anatomy, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, materia medica, therapeutics, hygiene. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) good moral character; (2 twenty-one years of age; (3) three years'study; (4) two complete courses of lectures; (5j two complete courses of dissection; (6) thesis; (7) pass satisfactory examination. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $140; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 *204 41 20 1881-82 *220 t56 25.4 . 1882-83 *212 73 34.4 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past three years, twenty-six. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. New Orleans School of Medicine. New Orleans, La. Organized in 1856. Extinct since April, 1870. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. Charity Hospital Medical College. New Orleans, La. Organized in 1873. Extinct since 1877. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. Medical Department New Orleans University. Medical Department Straight University. New Orleans, La. Both are for colored students, and open to males and females. I do not know that any medical diplomas have actually been issued from either. If so, we could not recognize them here, for they certainly have not given such courses of instruction as to qualify men or women to practice medicine. (Official letter, Louisiana State Board of Health.) ♦Includes pharmacy students, tlncludes pharmacy graduates. 78 MAINE. Population, 648 936. Number of physicians, 969. Number of inhabitants to each physi- cian, 670. An effort was made at the last session of the Legislature to pass a bill, of which the following were the provisions: Graduates of institutions legally qualified to confer medi- cal degrees and all who had practiced without a diploma for thirteen or more years con- tinuously, should be allowed to register. All persons practicing medicine without haying been registered should be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof be punished by a fine of from one to flve hundred dollars, or by imprisonment of from three to twelve months, or both. This bill was favored by the better elements of all sects; but quacks, botanies, mag- netics and Druids, (the latter a class peculiar to this State), combined, and defeated the bill by a small majority in the House. It had passed the Senate quite unanimously. M. C. Wedgwood, M. D., of Lewiston, writes: We feel the need of such a law in this State, and shall make another attempt at the next meeting of the Legislature. The pro- fession here is united in the opinion of requiring the medical student to attain to a higher education. Medical School of Maine, at Bowdoin College. Brunswick, Me. (Pop. 5384.) Organized in 1820. The first class was graduated in 1820. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.—Faculty embraces eight professors and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One annual course of lectures of sixteen weeks' duration commencing in February. Clinics are given once a week. Daily examinations are made by the faculty.—Lectures embrace pathology, practice of medicine, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, medical jurisprudence, anatomy, chemistry, physiology, surgery, clinical surgery, materia medica, therapeutics. Requirements: For admission, (a) diploma from college, high school or normal school; (b) tickets showing passage of entrance examination to any recognized college; or (c) examination necessary to prove good English education.—For graduation, (1) twenty- one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) satisfactory written and oral examination on subjects of the lectures; (5) thesis; (6) dissection of two "parts." Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $78; graduation, $25; laboratory. $10. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percentage. 1878 94 25 26.6 1879 99 31 31.3 1880 105 22 21 — 1881 115 30 26 + 1882 104 28 27 — 1883 94 28 29.7 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-six. Number of graduates in Illinois, 11. Portland School for Medical Instruction, Portland, Me. (Pop. 33 810.) Organized in 1855.—The faculty embraces ten professors and one demonstrator. Two terms of sixteen weeks each, annually. "The aim of the school is to afford to medical students greater facilities for obtaining a higher grade of professional education than can usually be given under the direction of a single preceptor." The course comprises systematic daily recitations, familiar lectures and demonstra- tions, clinical instruction and practical anatomy. No diplomas are conferred. Tuition, $60. Eclectic Medical College of Maine. Lewiston, Me. (Pop. 19 083.) Organized in 1881. The flrst class was graduated in 1882.—The faculty embraces flve professors, three lecturers, one instructor and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One regular course of twenty weeks' duration, annually "Medical, surgical and dental clinics are held two or three times each week." Examina- tions are made daily and weekly.—Lectures embrace obstetrics, gynecology, principles 79 rildmAHi™ ^lsurger-y' general and descriptive anatomy, physiology, chemistry, mate- ie?™ ™l^„i era-peutlcs- theory and practice of medicine, microscopy, operative dent- istry, medical jurisprudence, and urinology. chara^r^^^LJ01-^^810!}1 "^ust give evidence of possessing a good moral A tnnwii^d f°!.£avmj? had the advantages of atleast a good common school education. nioc n fKge of !£e r.udiments of the Latin language is also very desirable. The certifl- Pm.LSL.r medical preceptor will be taken as evidence of the above qualifications." nf f^f^L/.?!,!l) twenty-pne years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses principal^branches86 YQ study; (5) thesis; (6) satisfactory examination in the seven Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $75; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $25. r,^nI^^TS:f Numberof matriculates and of graduates at each session reported and percentages of graduates to matriculates— 8?oSo^n- Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 23 3 13 1882-83 38 14 . 37 Average percentageof graduates to matriculates during the past two years, twenty-five. The Penobscot Valley Gorsedh of Bards and State of Maine Branch of the Druidic University of America. Lewiston, Me. Organized in 1880. „ DJ: Samuel York, "3d Bard, or Dean of the University," writes: "The purpose of the Druidic University is to promote literature, science, art, medicine, philosophy and other branches of knowledge and industry. We have teachers in all departments, under the direction of the chair bard. A-charter was granted by the Legislature in 1880, and the institution was founded in the State of Maine. We graduate students according to the seven years curriculum of the bards. No charge for diplomas. Terms for one year sixty dollars; for one term of three months, twenty-five dollars. The university was opened for the year at the summer solstice, June 21st, 1883." MARYLAND. Population, 931943. Number of physicians, 2845. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 329. Geo. H. Rohe, M. D., writes : The following facts concerning the regulation of medical practice in the State of Mary- land are furnished in obedience to your request. In the beginning of the present century, the medical and chirurgieal faculty of Mary- land, by act of the general assembly, (passed January 20, 1799), was incorporated, and authorized to elect by ballot a board of "twelve persons of the greatest medical and chir- urgieal abilities in the State, who shall be styled the Medical Board of Examiners for the State of Maryland." The duty of this board was "to grant licenses to such medical and chirurgieal gentlemen as they, either upon a full examination, or upon the production of diplomas from some respectable college, may judge adequate to commence the practice of the medical and chirurgieal arts, each person so obtaining a certificate to pay a sum not exceeding ten dollars, to be fixed on, or ascertained by, the faculty." Section V of this act provided "That after the appointment of the aforesaid medical board, no person, not already a practitioner of medicine or surgery, shall be allowed to practice in either of the said branches, and receive payment for his services, without having flrst obtained a license certified as by this law directed, under the penalty of fifty dollars for each offence, to be recovered in the county court where he may reside, by bill of presentment and indictment, one half lor the use of the faeulty and the other for that of the informer. This sixth section of the charter of the medical and chirurgieal faculty was abrogated by an act of the general assembly passed sometime between 1840 and 1850, in favor of the Thompsonians, who then had a large following in the State. This opened the door to quackery of all sorts, and until 1867, there was no regulative act in existence. In the latter year an act was passed constituting a board of medical examiners appointed by the governor, whose duty it was to register all practitioners holding recog- nized diplomas, examine and grant licenses to such as applied, and grant certificates to practice to such as had been in continuous practice in the State for ten years previous to the passage of the act. The first prosecution under the act showed its insufficiency, and in the following year (1868) the law was repealed, and only one section, relating to abortion, was re-enacted. 80 This latter act (section 16 of article 72 of the revised code of 1878) is the only existing regulation on the practice of medicine in the State. It provides that any person who shall knowingly publish or furnish means for procuring abortion shall be punished by imprisonment in the penitentiary for not less than three years, or by a fine of not less than flve hundred, nor more than one thousand, dollars, or both, at the discretion of the court. In 1880, some attempts were made to pass a regulative act, but I believe it was not generally sustained by the profession, owing to serious defects in the measure pro- posed. It is proposed to briug the matter up before the next session of the general assembly, if the medical and chirurgieal faculty can be induced to lend the movement its support and encouragement. In the city of Baltimore there is in force an ordinance for the registration of physicians and midwives; but as there is no other guide to the competency of the persons, applying for registration than the statement of the parties themselves, the commissioner is obliged to register all who apply. The commissioner can of course refuse to register an appli- cant, but it would probably result in a suit at law against the city or the commissioner. Hence, the ordinance is not much of a safeguard against unqualified practitioners. A State board of health is also in existence. It consists of seven members. The sec; retary of the board must be an "educated physician and experienced in sanitary science. He is a member of the board, being elected to the position by the other six members. The salary of the secretary (act of 1880) is $1,800 per annum. $1,200 are appropriated for ex- penses of the board. Dr. C. W. Chancellor, secretary of the! State board ot health, in his report to the governor (1882), says, under the head of Qualification and Registration of Physicians: It is very important, in the interest of the people, that there should be some efficient law to regulate the practice of medicine in the State. The facilities of becoming profes- sional men, with the prefix of "M. D„" are so great that many persons are seduced into an attempt to become physicians, without the basis of primary education or any knowledge of the science of medicine and surgery. There are others again, who, having receiveda good primary education, are induced, from motives of economy or convenience, to pur- chase diplomas from bogus medical schools without having obtained any anatomical knowledge or clerical instruction. The great multiplication of medical schools in every section of the country, together with the proverbial facilities of becoming licensed prac- titioners, has so lowered the standard of professional excellence, and so manifestly de- graded the medical character of the United States, that it is to be hoped that an enlight- ened public opinion will in this as in other States, take decided steps towards putting down such a vicious system. The statement made in the annual report of the attorney-general of Pennsylvania, that Dr. Buchanan had given information to the State authorities, set- ting forth his dealings with some twenty-two medical colleges, in this country alone, in the sale and exchange of bogus diplomas, demonstrates the necessity of prompt and stringent legislation, which will purge our State of incompetent practitioners. In Illinois, where the diplomas have undergone the careful scrutiny of the State Board of Health, seventeen hundred and fifty (1750) incompetent practitioners have been required to stop practice or leave the State. It is unnecessary at present to enter into any statements to show the absolute necessity of the legislature interfering for the protection of the people in this matter; events are daily transpiring which must soon direct the public attention to the subject with intense and fearful anxiety. Laws have already been enacted by many of the State legislatures in reference to this matter, and our own legislature should be earnestly invoked to secure to the people the same protection in this State. It is their cause, not ours; the people must employ medical men, whether they be ignorant or in- formed, but if they be ignorant medical men, then it is the people who suffer. In conferring diplomas, feelings of interest, commiseration and kindness should have no weight. It is a painful thing to send a young man back to his studies wbo presents himself for a diploma. The kind and generous feelings of the professor rise up and plead in his behalf, and these are more imperative in proportion as the associations bave been longer or more close. It is often the case that the preceptor is professor, and it would seem like condemning him to reject his pupil. Besides, when a student has paid so much money for office and lecture fees, it really seems hard to refuse the diploma. The tendency of those institutions which confer irresponsible power on the few over the many, is to insure the sacrifice of the general to particular interests; and the considera- tion of such practices should not fail to excite a deep interest in the thinking part of the community. It is time that the physicians of the State should exert themselves to change a system which has so long retarded the progress of their science, and been productive of so much evil in communities, and surely there is good sense enougb, both in the people and the legislature, to listen to their representations. School of Medicine of the University of Maryland. Baltimore, Md., (Pop. 332 313). Organized in 1807, as the Medical College in the City of Baltimore. In 1812, faculties of law, theology and arts were added, and the whole chartered under its present name. The degree of M.D., was flrst conferred in 1810, and degrees have been conferred each year since. The faculty embraces ten professors, two demonstrators, three prosectors, and fifteen private instructors. 81 Course of Instruction: One regular course of twenty-two weeks' duration, and one preliminary course of ten days' duration annually. The three years' graded course is Tecominended but not required.—Lectures embrace chemistry, pharmacy, obstetrics, practice of medicine, surgery, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of women and children, diseases of the eye and ear, physiology, anatomy, pathology, diseases of throat chest, skin and nervous system. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) two full courses of lectures; (3) thesis; (4) evidence of attendance on clinical lectures pn medicine and surgery; (5) practical anatomy course; (6) good moral character, and faithful and regular attendance on lectures and clinics. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $120, or $50 to poor students; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 135 49 36.2 1878-79 134 53 40+ 1879-80 173 66 48+ 1880-81 193 73 37 9 1881-82 197 73 37.8 1882-83 203 97 47.7 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty. Number of graduates in Illinois, 19. Remarks : Practical courses are given on obstetrics, eye and ear, and throat and chest diseases, for which a fee of $12 per course is charged. Washington University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Md. Organized in 1827, as the Medical Department of Washington College, Pennsylvania. The first class was graduated in 1828, and classes were graduated under the auspices of Washington College until 1840, when the Maryland Legislature empowered the institution to assume the above title. Lectures were delivered and classes graduated until 1851. when it became extinct. In 1867 the institution was reorganized and lectures were delivered until 1877, when the institution was merged into the College of Physicians and Surgeons •(vide infra). College of Physicians and Surgeons. Baltimore, Md. Organized in 1872. The first class was graduated in 1873. Classes have been graduated each subsequent vear. In 1877 the Washington University School of Medicine was united with it.—The faculty embraces ten professors, two auxiliary professors, six lecturers and four demonstrators. Course of Instruction: Three years'graded course recommended, but not required; one regular course of twenty weeks' duration, and one spring course of twelve weeks' duration, are given annually; clinics in hospitals and dispensary.—Lectures embrace anatomy physiology, materia medica, therapeutics, chemistry, gynecology, diseases of eye and ear, diseases of the nervous system, diseases of the skin, medical jurisprudence, principles and practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, obstetrics, clini- cal medicine, diseases of children, diseases of the chest and throat, hygiene. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) good English education; (4) three years' study; (5) satisfactory examination. Fees: Lectures, $120, or $55 to poor students; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session, Matriculates. 1877-78 165 1878-79 211 1879-80 336 1880-81 328 1881-82 346 1882-83 322 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the flrst six years, thirty-nine. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 5. Graduates. Percent 65 39.9 80 38— 110 37.7 143 43.6 158 45.7 109 33.9 —6 82 Baltimore Medical College. Baltimore, Md. Organized in 1881. The flrst class was graduated in 1882— The faculty embraces seven professors, three clinical professors, three clinical lecturers, and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction : One course of lectures of thirty weeks' duration, annually; clinical instruction at college dispensary.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, mate- ria medica and therapeutics, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, principles and practice of medicine, hygiene, dermatology, principles and practice of surgery, diseases of the eye and ear, insanity, nervous diseases, microscopy, diseases of the chest and throat, oral surgery. Requirements : For admission, "must possess good moral characters and studious habits, and unless matriculates of some literary institution or medical college, will be re- quired to write a brief essay, not exceeding a page of foolscap, as a test of their qualifi- cations in orthography and grammar, and to undergo a short oral examination in the elementary branches of a good English education."—For graduation : Must be of age, and have attended two full courses of lectures. The fitness of a candidate for graduation will be based upon good behavior, and the result of a final examination in the seven pri- mary branches of medicine. Fees: Matriculation,$5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, $120; graduation,$130. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 46 17 38.2 1882-83 52 20 38.4 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, thirty-eight.. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 3. Remarks: "Christianity being the basis upon which this college was founded, its charter requires that every professor shall declare his belief in the Christian religion to become eligible to fill his position." Woman's Medical College of Bartimore. Baltimore, Md. Organized in 1882. The first class was graduated in 1883.—The faculty embraces eight professors, one lecturer, one demonstrator, and nine clinical assistants. Course of Instruction: One regular session of twenty-eight weeks' duration "Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. The course of instruction, consists of a full series of lectures on the following subjects: principles and practice of medicine, diseases of women, obstetrics, surgery, materia medica, therapeutics, physi- ology, diseases of throat and chest, anatomy, operative surgery, chemistry, diseases of the eye and ear. diseases of children, hygiene, medical jurisprudence, which will be sup- plemented by clinical lectures upon the practical branches, by laboratory work in chem- istry, materia medica and pharmacy, and by demonstrations of anatomy and histology.' Requirements : For admission, satisfactory examination before a committee of the faculty on the usual elementary English branches taught in the public scbools.—For graduation: (I) twenty-one years of age; (2) two full courses of lectures: (3) one full dis- section; (4) evidence of having attended the clinics; (5) examination on all the branches; (6) good moral character. Fees : Matriculation, $5; lectures, $75; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $30. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1882-83 19 5.2 Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Medical Department of Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, Md. Organized in 1883. The following details are summarized from a circular of the University, announcing a course preparatory to the study of medicine: Three classes of students are admitted to this preparatory course: First—graduate students without special examination; Second—matriculated students- Third—special students. The flrst and third classes are permitted to follow the biological instruction in part or in their entire range. Special students are those who are not prepared at ad- mission for full matriculation, but who desire to enter upon a three-years' course of sci- entific instruction. They are admitted to the privileges of the University out of def- erence to the custom which has heretofore prevailed in this country of requiring 83 no preliminary examination of those entering upon the study of medicine: but they can not compete for the degree of A.B. This arrangement, therefore, is a sort of compromise, of a temporary nature, and which will pass away with the changes and improvements that time will make in our methods. Nevertheless, the indulgence to this class is only partial, and there is laid down for it, an entrance examination in elementary mathe- matics in Latin. English (including a written composition), French, German, and draw- ing. Matriculates, i. e. those who are candidates for the degree of A.B., are required to pass an entrance examination of a much more rigid character upon the same subjects, and in addition, upon Greek (a thorough knowledge of French and German will be ac- cepted as a substitute for this), history, and the elements of physics, chemistry, physical geography, botany and physiology; this examination is common to all candidates for the degree of A.B. in each of the seven collegiate courses. The full course preparatory to medicine—the full length of which will vary somewhat, according to the student's ability and industry, but "rarely, if ever, will be completed in less than three years after full matriculation"—embraces, English, German, French, logic. ethics, psychology, physical geography, ancient history, drawing, vocal culture, physical culture, the theory of accounts, physics, chemistry and biology; the last—"the study of living things, animal and vegetable, in their forms and functions"—is the dominant sub- ject of the course, but the design is to give such liberal culture as will avoid a one-sided, or narrow development. "Opportunities are here afforded to a young man, who expects at a later day to take up the study of medicine, to become proficient in laboratory work while acquiring a knowledge of German and Frencb and continuing his general education. A course is ar- ranged, in which physics for the flrst year, chemistry for the second, and the biological stuay of plants and animals for the third year, are the dominant topics. At the close of this course the student should have become proficient in a knowledge of the physical and chemical laws which underlie the conditions of life; he should have become familiar with the structure and functions of living things, in their normal and healthy condition; he should have become skilled in the use of the microscope and other physiological appa- ratus; and so, when he enters the school of medicine he should know that he has been well prepared for the study of disease and of its treatment, by a training in fundamental sciences, which has not only exercised his eye and hand, but has accustomed his mind to accurate habits of observation and inquiry." MASSACHUSETTS. Population, 1783 085. Number of physicians, 2845. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 623. Samuel W. Abbott, M. D.. of Wakefield, writes: " In reply to your letter requesting copies of our laws relating to the practice of medicine. I will say that we are all well aware of the excellent progress made by Illinois in this direction, and only wish that the whole Union might follow her example. Three years since a similar law was proposed, and a bill presented to the Legislature of Massachusetts. Several hearings were had be- fore the committee on public health, but such a storm of opposition was raised by the Boston quacks as to kill the bill completely, and the feeble efforts to resurrect it have proved of no avail. " We have an excellent law abolishing the office of coroner, entitled "The Medical Examiner Law," of 1877. This has been in force seven years, and has thus far been a great success and a saving to the State financially, as well as a matter of credit to the profession for securing its enactment.^ Our system oj inquests is far ahead of the old coroner system in vogue in other States." The exposure, in November, 1882, by the Illinois State Board of Health, of the fraudulent Bellevue Medical College of Massachusetts, led to the correction of a flagrant abuse in connection with the issuing of medical diplomas in Massachusetts. J he Belle- vue" was organized under the "Public Statutes relating to Manufacturing and other Cor- porations." and its officers, on the trial which resulted from the exposure above referred to pleaded that they were legally incorporated, and were empowered by the laws of Mas- sachusetts to issue diplomas and confer degrees without anv restriction as to course of study or professional attainments. The United States Commissioner before whom the trial was had; held the plea to be valid, and dismissed the case, with the following re- marks: "The State has authorized this college to issue degrees, and it has been done accord- ing to legal right * * * The law makes the faculty of the college the sole judges of eligibility of applicants for diplomas. There.is no legal restriction no legal require- ments. If the faculty choose to issue degrees to incompetent persons, the laws of Massa- chusetts authorize it." As a natural result of this decision, the "American University of Boston." and the "First Medical College of the American riealth Society "were promptly incorporated un- der the same en^tment as the "Bellevue"; the "Excelsior Medical College " and, doubt- less othlrs were projected, and this new branch of manufacturing industry-which furnishedI thedegreeof Doctor in Medicine for $150, C. 0. D.. without stuay or lecture at- tpndance-developed into rather startling proportions. It suddenly wilted, however, under the passage (June 30, 1883), of an act forbidding any corporation, organized under JheiSublicfstatutesTabove referred to, from conferring medical degrees or issuing diplo- mat certiflcates conferring or purporting to confer degrees, unless specially author- ized by the Legislature so to do, 84 Medical Department of Harvard University. Boston, Mass. (Pop., 362 839.) Organized in 1782. The flrst class was graduated in 1783. Classes have been gradu- ated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces eleven professors, six assistant pro- fessors, two instructors and one curator, There are also sixteen lecturers and assistants and thirteen clinical instructors. Course of Instruction: Instruction is given by lectures, clinical teaching, and practical exercises uniformly distributed throughout the academic year; one course an- nually of thirty-four weeks' duration, divided into two terms. Course graded, extending over three or four years. In the shorter course lectures embrace: First year,—anatomy, physiology, and general chemistry. Second year,—practical and topographical anatomy. medical chemistry, materia medica, pathological anatomy, clinical medicine, and clinical surgery. Third year,—therapeutics, obstetrics, theory and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, surgery, clinical surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, syphilis, otology, laryngology, mental diseases, diseases of the nervous system, diseases of women, dis- eases of children, forensic medicine. Rzquirements: For admission, all candidates, excepting those who have passed an examination for admission to Harvard University, must present a degree in letters or science from a recognized college or scientific school, or pass an examination in the following subjects: (a) Every candidate shall be required to write legibly and correctly, an English composition of not less than two hundred words, and also to write English prose from dictation, (b) The translation of easy Latin prose, (c) A competent knowl- edge of physics, (d) Each candidate shall pass an approved examination in such one of the following branches as he may elect: Frensh, German, the elements of algebra, or plane geometry, botany.—For graduation: Every candidate must be (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) of good moral character; (3) must give evidence of having studied medicine three or four full years; (4) have spent at least one continuous year at this school; (5) have presented a satisfactory thesis, and have passed the required examinations; (5) dis- section of all "parts." Examinations mainly in writing, and distributed through the en- tire course, instead of being held at the end of the period of study. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, full year,: Students: Number of matriculates and of percentage of graduates to matriculates: Session. Matriculates. 1877-78 *73 1878-79 *99 1879-80 *96 1880-81 *69 1881-82 233 1882-83 229 Average percent of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, thirty-two. Number of graduates in Illinois, 34. Remarks: Students who began their professional studies elsewhere maybe admitted to advanced standing; but all persons who apply for admission to the advanced classes must pass an examination in the branches already pursued by the class to which they seek admission, and furnish a satisfactory certificate df time spent in medical studies. No student shall advance with his class, or be admitted to advanced standing, until he has passed the required examination in the studies of the previous year, or a majority of them; nor shall he become a member of the third class until he has passed all the exami- nations of the flrst, in addition to a majority of those in the second year. Nine percent of the last graduating class had taken the four years' course, Berkshire Medical College (Medical Department of Williams College.) Pittsfield, Mass. Organized in 1843. Lectures were delivered until 1867, when the college became extinct. During its existence 1138 students were graduated. Graduates in Illinois, 28. . Worcester Medical College. Worcester, Mass. Organized in 1848. Lectures were delivered until 1858 (?) when the college became extinct. Graduates in Illinois, 2. New England Female Medical College. Boston, Mass. Organized in 1848. Lectures were delivered and classes graduated until 1874 when it was merged into the Boston University School of Medicine, (mde infra) *These figures represent the number of new matriculates, and not the total number in ; half year, $120 graduation, $30. duates at each session reported Graduates. Percent. 47 — 70 — 45 — 60 — 77 33 74 32.3 85 Boston University School of Medicine (Homeopathic.) Boston, Mass. Organized in 1873. The flrst class was graduated in 1874. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. In 1874 the New England Female Medical College was united with this school.—The faculty embraces ten professors, thirteen lecturers, flve assistants, and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One course of thirty weeks' duration, annually, divided into two terms. Three years' graded course required. Four years' graded course recom- mended. Daily examinations by the professors. Clinics at hospital and dispensary. To each term and each year certain studies are assigned, in which the student is required to become proficient before entering upon more advanced studies, and he is required to complete the studies in one year and be examined in them before entering the next.— Lectures embrace.—First year: Anatomy, general, descriptive and comparative, with dissections; histology and microscopy, physiology, human and comparative; general and medical chemistry; history and methodology of medicine.—Second year: Materia medica and clinical medicine, pathology and therapeutics, pathological anatomy, minor surgery, surgery and surgical pathology, obstetrics, auscultation and percussion, laryngoscopy.— Third year: Materia medica and clinical medicine continued, pathology and diagnosis continued, clinical and operative surgery, diseases of women, diseases of children, oph- thalmology, medical jurisprudence, ethics and esthetics. Requirements: For admission, (a) a degree in arts, philosophy or science; (b) all others are examined in the following branches: (1) In orthography, English composi- tion, and penmanship, by means of a page written at the time and place of examination.— (2) In arithmetic, geography, and English grammar, if there be doubt whether the candidate has sufficient attainment therein.—(3) In elementary physics, by an exami- nation in Stewart's Primer of Physics.—(4) In Latin, by requiring a translation from Harkness's Latin reader at sight.—Students passing a satisfactory examination in other respects at the June examination, will be allowed till the following October to complete their requirements in Latin and physics, but will not be allowed to enter upon their studies till such conditions are removed. Candidates must be at least eighteen years old.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral charac- ter; (3) three years' study; (4) thesis. Seventy percent, required to pass for graduation. Before graduation, all students will be required to furnish satisfactory written reports of at least twenty medical, flve surgical, and three obstetric cases attended by them, and flve cases from each of the other clinical departments. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 169 43 25.4 1878-79 149 35 23.5 1879-80 127 35 27.6 1880-81 110 26 23.6 1881-82 110 29 26.3 1882-83 109 30 27.5 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-five. Number of graduates in Illinois, 3. College of Physicians and Surgeons. Boston, Mass. Organized in 1880. The flrst class was graduated in 1881—The faculty embraces.ten professors, three lecturers, three instructors, one demonstrator, and four clinical assistants. Course of Instruction: One course of thirty-lour weeks, annually, divided into two terms. "The instruction at this college consists of didactic lectures, with demon- strations clinical teaching, daily recitations, and practical teaching on subjects involving manipulation." Course graded, extending over three years; not absolutely required, but recommended—Lectures embrace general and descriptive anatomy, physiology, general chemistry and histology, hygiene, materia medica, therapeutics, medical chemistry, toxi- cology surgical anatomy and pathology, dermatology, laryngoscopy, obstetrics, surgery, practical medicine, clinical medicine, medical jurisprudence and gynecology, nervous diseases, ophthalmology. Requirements- For admission, at least a thorough English education.—For gradua- tion: (l) twenty-one years of age; (2) thesis; (3) threeyears' study; (4) at least two courses of lectures- (5) oral and written examinations; (6) dissection of at least three parts; (7) "fulfill all requirements of laboratory work;" (8) good moral character. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $85; demonstrator. $5; graduation, $30. aruDENTs: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 49 7 13.0 1881-82 f A $.6 1882-83 34 10 -9.9 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past three years, nineteen. 86 Bellevue Medical College of Massachusetts. Boston, Mass. „ Organized in 1880. A fraudulent institution, exposed by the Illinois State Board of Health in 1882. Medical Department of tee American University of Boston. Boston, Mass. Organized in 1883. Fraudulent. First Medical College of the American Health Society. Boston, Mass. Organized in 1883. Fraudulent. Excelsior Medical College. Boston, Mass. Organized in 1883. Fraudulent. All these institutions were established under a law regulating the organization of manufacturing, charitable, educational and religious corporations. By an act recently passed, the power of granting medical degrees is prohibited to any institution so organ- ized (vide supra). MICHIGAN. Population, 1 636 937. Number of physicians, 2924. Number of inhabitants to each phy- sician, 560. An Act to Promote Public Health. Section 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact. That from and after this act shall take effect, it shall not be lawful for any person to practice medicine or surgery, or any branch thereof (except dentistry), in this State, without having the qualifications re- quired in the provisions of this act, and without having first registered in the office of the county clerk, as provided in this act. § 2. The necessary qualifications to practice medicine in this State shall be— First—That every person who shall have actually practiced medicine continuously for at least flve years in this State, and who is practicing when this act shall take effect, shall be deemed qualified to practice medicine in this State, after having registered in the office of the county clerk, as provided by this act; Second—Every graduate of any legally authorized medical college in this State, or in any one of the United States, or in any other country, shall be deemed qualified to prac- tice medicine and surgery in all its departments, after having registered as provided in this act: Provided, that the provisions of this act shall not be construed so as to prohibit any student or under-graduate from practicing with and under the instruction of any per- son legally qualified to practice medicine and surgery under and by the provisions of this act: Provided, that every person qualified to practice medicine and surgery under the provisions of this act shall, within three months after this act shall take effect, file with the county clerk of the county wherein he has been engaged in practice, or in which he intends to practice, a statement sworn to before any officer authorized to administer oaths in said county, setting forth, flrst, if he is actually engaged in practice in said county, the length of time he has been engaged in such continuous practice, and if a graduate of any medical college, the name of the same and where located, when he graduated, and the length of time he attended the same, also the school of medicine to which he belongs And if he is a student or under-graduate, the length of time he has been engaged in the study of medicine, and where; and if he has attended a medical college, the name of the same and where located, and the length of time so attended and when, also the name and residence of the physician under whose instruction he is practicing or intends to practice. It shall be the duty of the covinty clerk of each county in this State to record, in a boot *« be provided by the county, the affidavit (or sworn statement) of every physician practicing in said county. For recording such statement, the county clerk shall receive fifty cents to be paid by the person filing the same. § 3. It shall be the duty of the supervisor, at the time of making the annual assess- ment in each year, to make out a list of all the physicians and each student practicing under the instruction of a preceptor residing within his township, village, ward or city with the name, age, sex, and color of each, and the length of time each has been engaged 87 3 ?u!t ne; and !i ?Lgr?dPat? of a regularly established and reputable college, the name 01 the college and the date of graduation. Such list shall be returned by the supervisor to £^U^.nship, village or city clerk, and by the clerk recorded in the book in which are kept the records of tne local board of health. twh4\ i^° PeFscm who practices medicine, surgery or midwifery in any of their branches (except dentistry) shall be able, in any'of the courts of this State, to collect pay for profes- sional services rendered subsequent to the time that this act shall take effect, unless he was, at the time such professional services were rendered, duly qualified and registered as a medical practitioner according to the several provisions of this act. +1 § '\uThe su.Pervisor township, village or city clerk is hereby authorized to administer the oaths required by this act. §6. Whoever advertises or holds himself out to the public as authorized to practice medicine or surgery in this State, when in fact he is not authorized under the provisions ot this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be liable to a fine of not less than five dollars nor more than fifty dollars for each offense. § 7. It shall be the duty of the supervisor and health officer of the local board of »altA,m ieacP township, village, ward or city, to enforce this act. This act shall take effect September 7,1883. Department of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich. (Pop. 8061.) Organized in 1850. The first class was graduated in 1851. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces eleven professors, three assistants to the professors and four demonstrators. . Course of Instruction: One annual course of lectures of thirty-four weeks' dura- tion, divided into two semesters. Frequent examinations are held by the professors or their assistants, and examinations (written) at ihe close of each semester. The course is graded, extending over three years, but two full courses and examination on the first year will be sufficient for graduation.—Lectures embrace, flrst year, anatomy, histology, physi- ology, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics; second year, continuation in review of anatomy, histology, physiology, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, with pathology and practice of medicine, surgery and obstetrics; third year, practice of medi- eine, surgery, obstetrics, and the diseases of women and children, ophthalmology and otology, with clinical medicine and surgery, ana clinical gynecology. The above list will be understood to include all the special studies that appertain to and form an essential part of the general subjects enumerated. Such are, histology, physiological and patho- logical; laboratory work in medical chemistry, in microscopy, and in electro-therapeutics; qualitative, physiological and pathological analyses; toxicology; physical diagnosis. Requirements: For admission, (1) eighteen years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) no previous study of medicine required for admission, but candidates will be examined as to their elementary education, and their fitness to pursue properly and profitably the technical study of medicine. The examination will be in writing. The candidate will be asked to give an account of his previous educational advantages, and to answer such questions in arithmetic, geography and history, and on forms of government and current events, as shall show his general intelligence: and particularly will he be required to correct imperfect English, and to show his ability to express ideas correctly in writing. Graduates or matriculates of a university or college, graduates or advanced members of any academy or high school, persons holding certificates from any public school board as being properly qualified as teachers, and persons having certificates, leased upon an examination by some recognized medical society, of being properly qualified to engage in the study of medicine, will not be required to pass the above examination. For gradu- ation—To be admitted to the degree of doctor of medicine, a student must be twenty-one years of age and possess a good moral character; he must have successfully pursued the study of practical anatomy and practical chemistry, and, unless the full course of study has been taken in this college, he must have been engaged in the study of medicine for the period of three years, including the time spent in attendance upon lectures. He must also have passed satisfactory examinations on all the studies included in the full course of instruction; or. if admitted to advanced standing, he must have attended at least two full courses of medical lectures, the last of which was at this college, and must have passed the required examinations. Fees: Matriculation, for residents of Michigan, $10; for non-residents, $25, to be paid but once. Lectures, for residents of Michigan $25; for non-residents, $35. Graduation for all alike, $10; demonstrator, $20; laboratory, $15. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 296 98 33 + 1878-79 329 104 31.6 1879-80 350 91 26 1880-81 380 99 26 1881-82 38(1 911 23.7 1882-83 366 117 32 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-eight. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 16. Number of graduates in Illinois, 137. 88 1879-80 118 1881-82 48 1882-83 58 Detroit Medical College. Detroit, Mich. (Pop., 116 340.) Organized in 1868. The first class graduated in 1869. Classes have graduated each subsequent year—The faculty embraces eleven professors, ten lecturers and instructors^ a demonstrator, and a director of dispensary clinics. Course of Instruction : One regular term of twenty-three weeks and a spring (reci- tation) term of twelve weeks. Three years' graded course recommended, but not re- quired. Clinics at hospitals and dispensaries— Lectures embrace chemis'ry, physiology, histology, materia medica and pharmacy, practical anatomy, minor surgery, therapeu- tics, practical physiology and microscopy, practice of medicine and clinical medicine, surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, orthopedic surgery, ophthalmology. otology, laryngology, diseases of nervous system, diseases of skin, and genito-unnary diseases. Requirements: For admission, (a) literary degree; (b) certificate of having passed tho entrance examination of any incorporated literary college, or any recognized medical college in which an examination is required for admission; also certificates ot having graduated at any high school or academy; (c) preliminary examination sufficient to show satifefactory knowledge of the English branches—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character. (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures, not within the same twelvemonth; (5) examination on all branches taught in the college; (6>< full course of dissection; (7) satisfactory course in chemical and physiological laboratory; (8) practical clinical work for one term in hospital and out-door clinics; (9) thesis. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; hospital, $10; laboratory, $5; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and' percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. .Graduates. Percentage. 27 23- 11 23- 13 22.4 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past three years, twenty-tw o Number of graduates in Illinois, 13. Detroit Homeopathic Medical College. Detroit, Mich. Organized in 1871. Extinct since 1876. Graduates in Illinois, 2. Homeopathic Medical College of the University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich. Organized in 1875. The first class was graduated in 1877. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces two professors, one lecturer, two assistants to chairs, three clinical assistants, a prosector, and a resident physician and surgeon in the hospital. Five professors of the department of medicine and surgery (regular school) give instruction to homeopathic students. Course of Instruction: One course of thirty-four weeks' duration annually; course graded, extending over three years. One course each year, although lwo courses may- suffice under certain conditions (see requirements for graduation.) Daily quizzes by the assistants of the several chairs.—Lectures as follows: The flrst year of the course will include anatomy, histology, general chemistry, minor surgery, materia medica, principles of medicine, preparation of medicines and their action, descriptive and anatomical bot- any, clinics, physical diagnosis, with the necessary practical work in the chemical and physiological laboratories. This year's work in materia medica will be devoted to teach- ing the source, nature, origin and method of preparing remedies, with their physiological action, and a general survey of their pathogeneses.—In the second year the above studies, excepting histology and minor surgery, wiil be reviewed, and the student will take up general therapeutics, in connection with materia medica, diseases of women and chil- dren, obstetrics and their clinical work, materia medica, qualitative chemistry, and anal- ysis of urine pathological anatomy, principles and practice of medicine (including hy- giene or preventive medicine), principles of surgery, and ophthalmology and otology. The materia-medica work of this year will consist of special analyses and syntheses of drug-provings. In addition, the student will attend such didactic and clinical lectures on the practical branches as his progress shall render advisable.—In the third year the student will enter upon the study of operative surgery, electro-therapeutics, spinal dis- eases and curvatures, and review advanced studies, with practical instruction in diagno- sis and treatment. Requirements: For admission, (a) good moral character; (b) unless already a matric- ulate of the university, or a graduate of some respectable college, academy or high school, every candidate will be examined as to his previous education and his fitness to enter upon and appreciate the technical study of medicine. The diploma or certificate of fxaduation from such institutions must be presented to the dean of the faculty in order o secure exemption from examination. The examination will be in writing, and will cover 89 the ordinary branches of an English education.—For graduation; (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4).must have attended at least sev- enty-five percent, of the regular lectures; (5) have spent the required time in practical anatomy, chemical analysis, etc., in the various laboratories and hospitals: (6) have at- tended the usua| quizzes and drills by the assistants of the several chairs; (7) must also have passed satisfactory examination on all the studies included in the curriculum; or, if admitted to advanced standing, he must attend at least two full courses of medical lec- tures in this college, and pass the required examinations. Students who have completed full college courses for the flrst and second years in an accredited medical college will be permitted, upon examination, to enter the third year and complete the studies of that year in this department, and to present themselves for examination for the degree at the ena of the year. Students who have attended one full course of lectures in any accred- ited medical college previous to 1880 will be admiited to advanced standing in the course required in this department, and may be graduated on the conditions in force prior to that date. Stuaents who have studied medicine elsewhere at least one college year, and who possess superior qualifications, may be admitted, on examination, to advanced standing. Fees: Matriculation, for residents of Michigan, $10; for non-residents. $25, (paid but once.) Lectures, for residents of Michigan, $25; for non-residents, $35. Graduation, for all alike, $10. Course in chemical laboratory, $15; in physiological laboratory, $15; in phy- siological laboratory, $1; in electro-therapeutics, $1. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to.matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 73 22 30 + 1878-79 63 25 40- 1879-80 70 18 25.7 188(1-81 88 23 26 1881-82 71 15 21 + 1882-83 57 17 29 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-eight. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 3. Graduates in Illinois. 5. Michigan Collge of Medicine. Detroit, Mich. Organized in 1880.—Faculty embraces fourteen professors, one adjunct professor, one lecturer, one instructor, and two demonstrators of anatomy. Course of Instruction : One regular course of twenty-three weeks' duration annually. Three years'graded course recommended, but not required. Clinics at hos- pital and dispensary.—Lectures embrace physiology, chemical physics, institutes of medicine, therapeutics, gynecology, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, surgery and clinical surgery, clinical gynecology, obstetrics (clinical and didactic), and puerperal diseases, diseases of children, medical chemistry, otology, ophthalmology, laryngology, medical jurisprudence, dermatology, genito-urinary diseases, topographical anatomy, materia medica, histology, general and surgical anatomy, principles of surgery, princi- ples of medicine, and pathology. Requirements : For admission, students entering the college, who are not in pos- session of the degree of a college or university, or of a certificate from a high school or other recognized educational institution, will be required to pass a satisfactory examina- tion in the following subjects: (1) English grammar; (2) English composition (a short com- position upon any subject); (3) elementary mechanics of solids and fluids; (4) arithmetic to, and including, common and decimal fractions; (5) algebra to, and including, simple equations; (6) geometry, flrst two books; (7) general geography and history of the United States; (8) Latin grammar and translation of easy Latin prose; (9) optional studies (one of which will be accepted in lieu of any of the above studies, except English grammar, com- position and Latin), Greek, French, German, botany, zoology.—For graduation: (1) twen- ty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in all branches taught. Fees : Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; graduation, $20. Students : Members of matriculates and of .graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 — 28 — 1881-82 72 20 28 1882-83 55 28 50.9 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the ipast two years, thirty- seven. Number of graduates in Illinois, 6, 90 MINNESOTA. Population, 750473. Number of physicians, 914. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 854. The following is the substance of the statute, as given in the calendar (1882-83) of the University of Minnesota: An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Minnesota. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota : Section 1. That every person practicing medicine in any of its departments shall present his diploma to the examining board hereinafter constituted, for verification as to its genuineness. If the diploma is found genuine, and if the person named therein be the person claiming and presenting the same, the board shall issue its certificate to that effect, signed by all the members thereof, and such diploma and certificate shall be con- clusive as to the right of the lawful holder of the same to practice medicine in this State. If not a graduate, the person practicing medicine in this Stat e shall present himself before said board and submit himself to examination as the said board shall require; and it the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said board shall issue its certificate in accordance with the facts, and the lawful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges hereinafter mentioned. § 2. The faculty of the medical departmentof the University of Minnesota shall organ- ize as a board of examiners as herein provided, within three months after passage of this act: they shall procure a seal aDd shall receive, through their secretary, applications for certificates and examinations; the president or secretary shall have authority to adminis- ter oaths, and the board to take testimony in all matters relating to its duties; it shall issue certificates to all who furnish satisfactory proof of having received diplomas or licenses from legally chartered institutions in good standing; it shall prepare two forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, the other for candi- dates examined by the board; it shall furnish to the county clerks of the several counties a list of all persons receiving certificates. § 3. Said board shall examine diplomas as to their genuineness, and if the diplomas shall be found genuine as represented, the secretary of the board shall receive a fee of one dollar from such graduate or licentiate, and no further charge shall be made to the applicant; but if it bo found to be fraudulent, or not lawfully owned by the possessor, the board shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the applicant presenting such diploma. The verification of the diploma shall consist in the affidavit of the holder and applicant presenting such diploma, that he is the lawful possessor of the same and that he is the person therein named. § 4. All examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates shall be made directly by the board, and the certificates given by the board shall authorize the possessor to practice medicine and surgery in the State of Minnesota. § 5. Requires holders of certificates to have them recorded with county clerks. § 6. Requires county clerks to keep a list of certificates recorded. § 7. Provides for a fee of $5 to be paid into the State treasury. § 8. Examinations may be made in whole or in part in writing, and shall be of an ele- mentary and practical character, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifications of the eandidate as a practitioner. § 9. Certificates may be refused to persons guilty of unprofessional or dishonorable conduct. Appeal may be made to the board of regents. § 10. Any person shall be regarded as practicing within the meaning of this act, who shall profess publicly to be a physician, and to prescribe for the sick, or who shall append to his name the letters "M. D." But nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit stu- dents from prescribing under the supervision of preceptors or to prohibit gratuitous ser- vices in case of emergency. And this act shall apply to commissioned surgeons in the United States army and navy. § 11. Requires itinerant venders of drugs, etc., and dealers, to pay a license fee of $100 a month. § 12. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in this State without complying with the provisions of this act shall be punished by a flne of not less than flfty dollars ($50) and not more than flve hundred ($500). or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty (30) days nor more than three hundred and sixty-flve (365) days, or by both such flne and imprisonment for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempt- ing to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or a forged affidavit of identi- fication, shall be guilty of felony, and upon conviction, shall be subject to such flne and imprisonment as are made and provided by the statutes of this State for the crime of for- Sery; but the penalties shall not be enforced till on and after the thirty-first (31st) day of ecember eighteen hundred and eighty-three (1883): Provided, that the provisions of this act shall not apply to those who have been practicing medicine flve (5) years within tbis State. Approved March 6,1883. 91 Union Medical School. Winona, Minn. Organized in 1872. Extinct. No diplomas were issued. Minnesota College Hospital. Minneapolis, Minn. (Pop., 46 887.) Organized in 1881. Successor to the St. Paul Medical College, organized in 1880. Faculty embraces twenty-one professors and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One regular course of nineteen weeks' duration, and one spring course of eight weeks' duration, annually.—Graded course recommended but not required.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, patholo- gical anatomy, clinical surgery, therapeutics, obstetrics, surgery, theory and practice ol medicine, clinical medicine and surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, otology, toxi- cology, histology, hygiene, nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence, physical diagnosis, gemto-urinary diseases. * Requirements: For admission, (a) degree in arts or sciences, (b) certificate from a high school or other institution in good standing, (c) teacher's certificate, (d) examination in the common English branches, including reading, writing, spelling, grammar, geogra- phy, arithmetic, United States history, and physics.—For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age, (2) good moral character, (3) dissection of each part of the cadaver, (4) thesis, (5) three years' study, (6) two full courses of lectures. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates — Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 25 5 20 1882-83 58 4 7 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past twp years, thirteen. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Medical Department of the University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minn. Organized, 1883.—Faculty'embraces six professors, or examiners. The law regulating the practice of medicine in the State of Minnesota, also created this department of the State University, and defined its duties. The faculty have issued the following state- ment: Regulations: It is the duty of the faculty of this college to test and ascertain, by examinations, experiments and other appropriate means, the qualifications, proficiency and skill of all candidates for degrees in meaicine and surgery, and to recommend them to the board of regents for graduation, accordingly. No instruction is -offered in this college. The faculty is an examining body only. Examinations include: (1.) The en- trance examination; (2.) The scientific examination; (3.) Two or more professional ex- aminations. I. The entrance examination embraces the English language, including writing, spelling, grammar, analysis and composition, arithmetic, elementary algebra, plane ge- ometry, geography, United States history, general history, Latin grammar and reading or an equivalent knowledge of German, French or Scandinavian. Applicants who may have recently passed the examinations for admission to the freshman class of the col- legiate department are excused from the entrance examination. II. The scientific examination embraces physical geography, natural philosophy, elementary botany, chemistry, drawing—free-hand or mechanical. Graduates of any reputable college or university are excused from the entrance and scientific examin- ations. III. The professionalLexaminations embrace anatomy, physiology, pathology, ma- teria medica, therapeutics, medical chemistry, preventive medicine, practice of med- icine, surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women, diseases of children, diseases of the nervous system, medical jurisprudence. Degret s: All candidates who pass the entrance, scientific and professional examin- ations including the appropriate clinical and experimental tests incidental thereto, and give satisfactory evidence of having pursued professional studies as required by the by- laws being twentv-one years of age or upwards, and of good moral character, are recom- mended by the faculty of the college to the board of regents, to receive the degree.of Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), which degree duly conferred is the warrant of the University of Minnesota for the practice of medicine and surgery. 92 Whenever the examinations in any case evince a high degree of proficiency in the lit- erature, theory and practice of medicine, the faculty of the college permit the candidate to present and defend a thesis; this being done to their satisfaction, they recommend the candidate to receive at once the full degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) Any Bachelor of Medicine of this University, who furnishes satisfactory evidence that he has been actively engaged in professional practice for three years after his gradua- tion, and who presents and defends a thesis in the manner prescribed, is recommended to receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) Doctors of Medicine of other colleges of medicine recognized by the board of regents, upon the recommendation of the faculty of this college, are recommended 1o receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine of this University, upon successfully defending a thesis in the manner prescribed. All candidates for the flrst degree must furnish satisfactory evidence that they have severally pursued the study of medicine for four years in the office of, and under the per- sonal direction of a physician in active practice, who is a graduate of some college or school of medicine recognized by the board of regents, upon the recommendation of the faculty of this college: Provided, however, that— (1.) One course of lectures, with other work incidental thereto, in a college of med- icine recognized as above, shall be reckoned as equivalent to eight months of such study. (2.) One term of six months in a school of medical instruction, organized and con- ducted in conformity with the by-laws, shall be equivalent to one year of such study under a preceptor. (3.) Three courses of lectures, with work incidental thereto, in colleges of medicine recognized as above, shall be equivalent to three years of study under a preceptor; one year at least must, in all cases, have been passed in a preceptor's office. (4.) Graduates of colleges and universities receive a credit of one year on profes- sional study, in consideration of superior literary and scientific attainments. The faculty of this college have authority to provide examinations for candidates for licenses in sanitary science, dental surgery and other specialties. Only Bachelors or Doctors of Medicine can become such candidates. All theses must be upon subjects ap- proved by the faculty, must be founded on original work, and certified as the unaided productions of the candidates. MISSISSIPPI. Population, 1131 597. Number of physicians, 1682. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 673. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Mississippi. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Mississippi: Section 1. That no person shall practice medicine in the State of Mississipoi, unless he shall have received a license to practice, and have registered the same as is herein- after provided in this act. § 2. That there shall be established boards of censors in the State of Mississippi, one board in each congressional district, whose duty it shall be to examine into the qualifica- tion of applicants for such license, § 3. That the board of censors in each district shall be composed of the two sanitary commissioners of said district; and in case the members of said board shall differ in their opinions as to the qualifications of the applicant, the record of examination hereinafter provided for shall be forwarded to the secretary of the State board of health, who shall decide between them, and issue or withhold the license as the case may be. § 4. That examinations for license shall be in writing, and each board of censors in their examination for license to practice medicine shall be governed by such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the State board of health: Provided, said board shall not discriminate against any applicant on account of the system of practice he may advocate, and the State board of health shall have jurisdiction in cases of appeal from any decision of the board of censors. Any applicant for license whose application has been endorsed, "unfavorable," may appeal from such decision Jo the State board: Pro- vided, such appeal is claimed by the applicant by a notice irr^writing, lodged with the secretary of the State board of health within thirty days from the decision of the boards of censors. The State board shall decide such appeals on the written examination filed with the secretary, at the meeting succeeding the filing of the notice of appeal. § 5. That applicants for license under this act shall make their applications in writ- ing, stating: 1st, his name in full; 2d, nativity and age; 3d, residence and postoffice- 4th, time spent in professional studies; 5th, physician or preceptor under whom studies were pursued, with postoffice address; 6th, courses of medical lectures attended- 7th name of medical schools attended; 8th, if a graduate, name of college granting diploma* 9th, time spent in hospital, if any; loth, time of practice, if any; llth, school of practice chosen; 12th, references as to character. i 93 § 6. That applicants for license shall be examined only on the following branches of medicine, viz: anatomy, chemistry, obstetrics, materia medica, physiology, pathology, surgery, hygiene. § 7. That applicants for license shall deposit with their applications, each a fee of fifteen dollars and twenty-five cents, fifteen dollars of wbich shall be appropriated to the use of the board of censors as their remuneration, and out of which the expense of adver- tising the time and place of meetings of said board of censors, as is hereinafter provided, shall be paid: and twenty-five cents of said fee shall be forwarded to the secretary of the board of health, as a fee for services hereinafter provided for. § 8. That an applicant for license whose examination proves satisfactory to the board of censors, shall have a certificate to that effect furnished him by the board of censors, which certificate shall entitle him to practice medicine in the State of Mississippi for the period of thirty (30) days from the date thereof, and it shall be the duty of the board of censors to endorse the application "favorable" or "unfavorable," as maybe determined by the board of censors, and forward it, together with the record of examination, with twenty-five cents (25 cents) to the secretary of the state board of health, who shall register said application, in a book kept for that purpose, and file it for future reference. § 9. That in ease a "favorable" indorsement is given the application, the State board of health, through their secretary, shall forward at once, to the applicant, a license to practice medicine in the State of Mississippi, and such license shall bear upon its face all the statements that appear upon the application, and shall be signed by the secretary and sealed with the seal of the State board of health. § 10. That every person holding a license to practice medicine, shall have a transcript of the same recorded In the office of the circuit clerk of the county in which he resides, in a book kept for that purpose, and the circuit clerk shall attach to said license his cer- tificate of record, and the clerk shall be entitled to a fee of one dollar and flfty cents, to be paid by the said licentiate. § 11. That if a license be not presented for record within thirty days from its date, the license shall be void and of no effect. § 12. That when a licensed practitioner of medicine changes his residence into a county other than that in which his license is recorded, said license must be recorded as at flrst in the office of the circuit clerk of the county in which he intends to reside, before he can engage in the practice of medicine in his new location; a certificate of which record shall be furnished by the circuit clerk to the secretary of the State board of health, for which service the clerk shall be entitled to a fee of one dollar and sixty cents, § 13. That physicians living in other States near the borders of the State of Missis- sippi, engaged in the practice of medicine, whose practice extends into the State of Mississippi, may obtain license to practice in this State in the same manner as is required of resident physicians, said licenses to be recorded in the office of the'clerks of the circuit courts in the county or counties in which they practice in this State; and this act shall not be construed so as to prevent physicians or surgeons from other States from treating cases in this State in charge of regular licentiates of this State. § 14. That in case a license is lost, upon application, accompanied by a fee of ten cents, it shall be the duty of the secretary of the State board of health to issue a duplicate license in lieu of the one lost, and forward the same to said applicant. § 15. That a temporary license may be granted an applicant by the State board of health, through their secretary, by virtue of which a person may practice medicine; but such temporary license shall specify upon its face the time for which it is granted, and shall be void after the next regular meeting of the board of censors of the district in which the licentiate may reside; but no succeeding application for temporary license for the same person shall be entertained by the State board of health, and the secretary of the State board of health shall be entitled to a fee of twenty-five cents for each temporary license granted. § 16. That for the purpose of examining applicants for license under this act, the board of censors shall hold quarterly sessions, viz: on the second Monday in March. June, September and December in each year, at some convenient place near the centre of the congressional district in which they reside. Thirty days' notice of said sessions shall be given by publication in one or more newspapers published in said district. § 17. That every physician now practicing medicine in the State of Mississippi shall receive his license, without an examination as to qualification, from the State board of health, through their secretary, upon application for such license, accompanied by a fee of ten cents; said application to contain, under oath, the applicant's: 1st, name in full; 2d nativity and age; 3d, residence and post office; 4th, time spent in professional studies; 5th, physician or preceptor under whom studies were pursued, with postoffice address of same; 6th, courses of medical lectures attended; 7th, name of medical school attended- 8th, if a graduate, name of college granting diploma; 9th, time spent in hospi- tal if any; 10th, time of practice,if any; 11th, school of practice chosen; 12th, reference as to character: Provided, that such application is made by the 30th day of June, A. D. 1882, and if such license shall not have been recorded or filed within thirty days after its issu- ance as heretofore provided, said license shallfbe void and of no effect: Provided, further, that said license shall show that it was granted under the 17th section of this act. § 18 That the secretary of State shall furnish blanks and books of record to the State board of health, and books of record to the circuit clerks of each county, ruled and lined and otherwise prepared, as may be prescribed by the State board of health as necessary for the proper enforcement of the provisions of this act. § 19 That any person making false statements in his application for license, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be fined in a sum of not more than twenty-five dollars; and upon proof of such conviction, the State board of health 94 shall revoke his license, and the State board of health shall notify the circuit clerk of the county in which said license may have been recorded, of such revocation, and it shall be the duty of the circuit clerk to erase the name of said person from the record. § 20. That, for the purposes of this act, the words "practice medicine" shall mean to suggest, recommend, prescribe or direct, for the use of any person, any drug, medicine, appliance or other agency, whether material or not material, for the cure, relief or pallia- tion of any ailment or disease of the mind or body, or for the cure or relief of any wound, fracture, or other bodily injury, or any deformity, after having received, or with the in- tent of receiving therefor, either directly or indirectly, any bonus, gift, profit or compen- sation : Provided, that nothing in this act shall apply to females engaged solely m the practice of midwifery. § 21. That peripatetic quacks and traveling charlatans shall not be licensed to prac- tice medicine, as provided for in the 17th section of this act. § 22. That it shall be the duty of the several judges of the circuit courts to give this Act in charge to the grand juries at every term of their several courts; and it shall be the duty of the circuit clerk of each county in the State to furnish a list of persons registered in their offices, under this act, to the grand jury on the first day of each term of their sev- eral courts. § 23. That every person or persons offending against the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall, for each offence, be fined in a sum of not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than ten nor more than thirty days, or both such fine and imprison- ment at the discretion of the court. § 24. That this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 28,1882. MISSOURI. Population, 2 168 380. Number of physicians, 4550. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 476. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine and Surgery in the State of Missouri. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as follows: Section 1. Every person practicing medicine and surgery, in any of their depart- ments, shall possess the qualifications required by this act. If a graduate of medicine, he shall present his diploma to the State board of health for verification as to its genuine- ness. If the diploma is found to be genuine, and the person named therein be the person claiming and presenting the same, the State board of health shall issue its certificate to that effect, signed by at least flve of the members thereof, and such diploma and certificate shall be deemed conclusive as to the right of the lawful holder of the same to practice medicine in this State. If not a graduate, the person practicing medicine in this State shall present himself before said board and submit himself to such examination as the said board shall require, and if the examination be satisfactory to the examiners, the said board shall issue its certificate in accordance with the facts, and the lawful holder of such certificate shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges herein mentioned. § 2. The State board of health shall issue certificates to all who shall furnish satisfac- tory proof of having received diplomas Or licenses from legally chartered medical insti- tutions in good standing, of whatever school or system of medicine: they shall prepare two forms of certificates, one for persons in possession of diplomas or licenses, the other for candidates examined by the board; they shall furnish to the county clerks of the sev- eral counties a list of all persons receiving certificates: Provided, that nothing in this act shall authorize the board of health to make any discrimination against the holders of genuine licenses or diplomas under any school or system of medicine. § 3. Said State board of health shall examine diplomas as to their genuineness, and if the diploma shall be found genuine as represented, the secretary of the State board of health shall receive a fee of one dollar from each graduate or licentiate, and no further charge shall be made to such applicant; but if it be found to be fraudulent, or not lawfully owned by the possessor, the board shall be entitled to charge and collect twenty dollars of the applicant presenting such diploma; the verification of the diploma shall consist in the affidavit of the holder and applicant; that he is the lawful possessor of the same, and that he is the person therein named; such affidavit may be taken before any person authorized to administer oaths, and the same shall be attested under the hand ard offi- cial seal of such officer, if he have a seal. Graduates may present their diplomas and affidavits as provided in this act, by letter or by proxy, and the State board of health shall issue a certificate as though the owner of the diploma was present. § 4. All examinations of persons not graduates or licentiates shall be made directly by the board, and the certificates given by the board shall authorize tbe possessor to practice medicine and surgery in the State of Missouri. 95 § 5. Every person holding a certificate from the State board of health shall have it recorded in the office of the county clerk of the county in which he resides, and the record shall be indorsed thereon; any person removing to another county to practice medicine and surgery, shall procure an endorsement to that effect on the certificate from the clerk of the county court, and shall have the certificate recorded in the office of the clerk ot the county to which he removes, and the holder of the certificate shall pay to said clerk of said county the usual fees for making the record. § 6. The county clerk shall keep, in a book provided for the purpose, a complete list of the certificates recorded by him, with the date of the issue. If the certificate be based on a diploma or license, he shall record the name of the medical institution conferring it and the dat^ when conferred. The register of the county clerk shall be open to public inspection during business hours. § 7. [Providing for the payment of an examination fee of five dollars was amended by the striking out the entire section. 1 § 8. Examinations may be made in whole or in part, in writing, and shall be of an elementary and practical character, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifications of the candidate as a practitioner. § 9. The board of health may refuse certificates to individuals guilty of unprofes- sional or dishonorable conduct, and they may revoke certificates for like causes, after giving the accused an opportunity to be heard in his defense before the board. § 10. Any person shall be regarded as practicing medicine, within the meaning of this act, who shall profess, publicly, to be a physician, and to prescribe for the sick, or who shall append to his name the letters "M.D.:" but nothing in this act shall be construed to probibit students from prescribing under the supervision of a preceptor, or to prohibit gratuitous services in cases of emergency; and this act shall not apply to commissioned surgeons of the United States army, navy and marine-hospital service. § 11. Any itinerant vendor of any drug, nostrum, ointment or appliance of any kind intended for the treatment of disease or injury, or who shall, by writing or printing, or any other method, publicly profess to cure or treat diseases, injuries or deformities by any drug, nostrum, manipulation or other expedient, shall pay to the State a license of one hundred dollars per month, to be collected as provided by law, as all other licenses are now collected, and any person violating the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed five hundred dollars ($500), or by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. § 12. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in this State, without complying with the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be punished by a fine of not less than flfty dollars, nor more than flve hundred dollars, or by imprison- ment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempting to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be subject to such fine and im- prisonment as are maae and provided by the statutes of this State for the crime of forgery in the second degree, but the penalties shall not be enforced until a period of six months after the passage of this bill: Provided, that the provisions of this act shall not apply to those that have been practicing medicine five years in this State. § 13. Whenever in this act it is provided that any duty or service shall be performed by anv county clerk, such duty and service in the city of St. Louis shall be performed by the city register or health commissioner of the city of St. Louis, as if such officer was spe- cially named to perform these duties and services. § 14. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent with this act are hereby repealed. Went into effect July, 1883. The act providing for a State board of health also became a law July 1, 1883. and the board has been appointed. By sec. 8 ot this act, physicians, surgeons and accoucheurs are required, under a penalty of ten dollars, to report all births and deaths which may occur under their supervision. Missouri Medical College. St.Louis.Mo. (Pop.,350 518.) Organized in 1840, as the Medical Department of Kemper College. In 1845 it became the Medical Department of the University of Missouri. In 1855 it assumed its present name. The first class was graduated in 1841. It was suspended during the war, and no students graduated in 1862, '63, '64 or '65. It is sometimes called after its founder, The McDowell Medical College.—The faculty embraces eleven professors, two adjunct professors, one clinical lecturer, two clinical assistants and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One regular course of twenty weeks' duration; one spring course of eleven weeks' duration, annually. Three.years' graded course recommended but /iot required. Clinics at hospitals and dispensary.—Lectures embrace anatomy, nhysiology histology, chemistry, materia medica, hygiene, medical jurisprudence, theory and practice of medicine, practice of surgery, obstetrics, pathological anatomy, gyneeol- oev ophthalmology, therapeutics, clinical medicine, mental.and nervous diseases, phar- macy, otology, laryngology, diseases of children, physical diagnosis, dermatology. Requirements: For admission, "a preliminary examination will be held in accord- ance with the rules of the State board."-For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age, (2) good moral character, (3) attendance on clinics and dissections for one term, (4) satisfac- tory examination, (5) two courses of lectures. 96 Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $60; graduation, $30; demonstrator, $10. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent, 1877-78 240 97 40.4 1878-79 225 90 40 1879-80 300 120 40 1880-81 265 123 46.4 1881-82 235 125 53 1882-83 210 86 41 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty -five. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 31. Number of graduates in Illinois, 240. St, Louis Medical College. St. Louis, Mo. Organized in 1841, as the medical department of the St. Louis University. In 1855 it was chartered as an independent institution under its present name. The first class was graduated in 1843. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty em- braces ten professors, one assistant, eight lecturers and three demonstrators. Course of Instruction; One regular course of twenty-one weeks' duration; one spring course of eleven weeks' duration, annually. Course graded, extending over three years, divided as follows:—Lectures embrace—First term, chemistry, chemical laboratory practice, anatomy, dissections, histology, histological demonstrations, physiology, mate- ria medica.—Second term, chemistry, anatomy, dissections, physiology, materia medica and therapeutics, pathological anatomy, principles and practice of medicine, medical clinics, clinics for diseases of children, surgical clinics. Third term, dissections, princi- ples and practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, ophthalmology, obstet- rics, diseases of women, diseases of children, hygiene and forensic medicine, medical clinics, children's clinics, surgical clinics, ophthalmic clinics, gynecological clinics, clinics for diseases of the genito-urinary organs, obstetrical out-clinics. Requirements: For admission, (a) diploma of college or high school; or (b) satisfac- tory examination in the branches of a good English education, including grammar, ortho- graphy, composition, physics.—For graduation: (I) twenty-one years of age, (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) must have attended three regular courses <>f lectures; (4) examination in chemistry, anatomy, physiology, materia medica, therapeutics, princi- ples and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, surgery, obstetrics, hygiene and forensic medicine. Fees: Matriculation, (paid but once), $5. Term fee, including demonstrators, labora- tory and hospital tickets, $90. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 180 47 26 1878-79 170 54 31.7 1879-80 163 41 25 1880-81 153 43 28 1881-82 167 29 17.3 1882-83 134 40 30 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-six. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 36. Number of graduates in Illinois, 244. Remarks: Students having attended lectures at other colleges can only be admitted to advanced standing by passing the examinations for the proper years. Medical School of the University of the State of Missouri. Columbia, Mo. (Pop. 3326.) Organized in 1845.—The flrst class was graduated in 1846. From 1845 to 1855 the medical department was situated at St. Louis. See Missouri Medical College. No degrees were conferred during the war, 1861-'65.—Faculty embraces eight professors, three lecturers and four examiners for medical degrees, appointed from as many district medical so- cieties. ' Course of Instruction: One junior course of thirty weeks' duration, and one senior course of lectures of thirty-four weeks' duration. Course graded, but requiring only two years for completion. Daily examinations and recitations in clinics at dispensary.—Lec- tures embrace—Junior class: anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, medical botany, surgery, physics, metric system of weights and measures, laboratory work dis- secting and medical jurisprudence.—Senior class: anatomy, toxicology, surgery, obstet- rics, practice of medicine, lectures by special professors, laboratory work (optional) dis- secting and medical jurisprudence. 97 Requirements: For admission, none. Before entering the senior class must pass a satisfactory examination upon: (1) English grammar (Harvey) and orthography; (2) rhet- oric (Hart); (3) history of the United States (Swinton) and its geography; (4) arithmetic (tne four fundamental rules, denominate numbers and common fractions,)—For gradu- ation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; '3) last course in this school; (4i satistactory examination upon the prescribed course; (5) regular attendance on clinics and lectures; (6) practical anatomy and chemistry, one course; (7) thesis. Percentages required at final examination are, anatomy and physiology, 85; chemistry, toxicology, pharmacy, 60; all others, 75. Fees: Lectures, $40; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $5. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates: Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent 1877-78 22 8 36.3 1878-79 36 , 6 16.6 1879-80 43 9 20.9 1880-81 40 5 12.5 1881-82 35 7 20 1882-83 25 9 36 Average percent of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty-three. Remarks: No student is allowed to attend both courses the same year. Before he is permitted to present himself before the board of examiners, appointed as noted, he must either have attended two (2) courses of eight or nine months in this institution, or present tickets showing that he has attended at least one course in some regular reputable medi- cal college; and in any event, must pass a satisfactory examination in the subjects em- braced in the junior course, previous to his entering the senior class. Humboldt Medical College. St. Louis, Mo. Organized, 185—. Extinct since 1867. Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri. St. Louis, Mo. Organized, originally, in 1859: reorganized in 1882. Between the years 1869 and 1881, the following homeopathic colleges were organized in St. Louis, viz: The St. Louis College of Homeopathic Physicians and Surgeons, organized 1869; held two sessions and sus- pended after session of 1870-71. The Homeopathic Medical College of St. Louis, organized 1873. The Hering Medical College, organized in 1880. In 1880 a portion of the faculty of the Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri seceded and revived The St. Louis College of Homeopathic Physicians and Surgeons, which again held two sessions; but after the session of 1881-82 this college and the Hering were consolidated with the Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri.—The faculty of this college embraces twelve professors. Course of Instruction: One regular course of nineteen weeks' duration, annually. Clinics at hospital and dispensary.—Lectures embrace physiology, diseases of children, operative and clinical surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, nervous and mental diseases, opbtbalmology, otology, theory and practice of medicine, materia medica, therapeutics, sanitation, medical jurisprudence, principles and practice of surgery, anatomy, chem- istry, toxicology. Requirements: For admission, "An applicant for registration must be of the male sex, give evidence of good moral character, and furnish credentials of suitable literary and scientific qualifications for entering upon a course of medical studies."—For gradu- ation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character: (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination on all branches taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; graduation, $25; demonstrator, $10. » Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates: Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1882-83 41 11 27 Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 2. Number of graduates in Illinois, 8. Remarks: Honorary degrees may be conferred on distinguished practitioners on the recommendation of the faculty to the board of trustees. 7— 98 Kansas City Medical College. Kansas City, Mo., (Pop., 55 785.) Organized in 1864, as the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Kansas City. The- flrst class was graduated in 1865; classes have been graduated each subsequent year. Assumed its present name in 1880.—Faculty embraces twelve professors, one adjunct pro- fessor, two lecturers and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction: A preliminary course of two weeks' duration, and a regular course of twenty weeks' duration, annually. Hospital and dispensary clinics. Graded course recommended but not required.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chem- istry, diseases of children, diseases of genito-urinary organs, materia medica and thera- peutics, surgery, principles and practice of medicine, obstetrics and diseases of women,. ophthalmology and otology, histology and urinary chemistry, attendance on surgical and medical clinics, dissection and laboratory work. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of instruction; (5) per- sonal examination on the seven principal branches of medicine. Fees: Matriculation, (paid but once) $5; lectures, $50; demonstrator, $10; hospital, $3; graduation, $20. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 31 9 29 1878-79 31 9 29 1879-80 44 17 38.6 1880-81 42 12 28.5 1881-82 32 16 50 1882-83 36 12 33.3 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-six. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. St. Louis College of Homeopathic Physicians and Surgeons. St. Louis, Mo. Organized in 1869. Suspended after the session of 1870-71.—See Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri. Number of graduates in Illinois, 4. St. Louis Eclectic Medical College. St. Louis, Mo. Organized 187-. See List of Institutions not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health. Homeopathic Medical College of St. Louis. St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1873.—Extinct. See List of Institutions not recognized by the Illinois State: Board of Health. American Medical College (Eclectic). St. Louis, Mo. Organized in 1873. The first class was graduated in 1874. Classes have been graduated twice annually since that date to 1883.—The faculty embraces ten professors and one ad- junct professor. Course of Instruction: One preliminary course of two weeks' duration, and one regular course of twenty weeks' duration, annually. Two clinics are held each week at the hospital and dispensary.—Lectures embrace theory and practice of medicine, chem- istry, pharmacy, toxicology, obstetrics, diseases of women and children, principles and Eractice of surgery, materia medica, therapeutics, anatomy, physiology, microscopy istology, medical jurisprudence. Requirements: For admission, "a good elementary English education, including mathematics. Engli-h composition and elementary physics or natural philosophy as attested by the presentation of a diploma, from some literary and scientific college or bigh school, or bv creditable examination upon those branches by a committee appointed for that purpose." For graduation: (1) good moral character; (2) twenty-one years of age* 99 Session. Matriculates. Graduates 1877-78 120 78 1878-79 66 36 1879-80 95 42 ' 1880-81 66 22 1881-82 118 40 1882-83 114 38 (3) two courses of lectures; (4) three years' study; (5) "must show a record of faithful at- tendance both at the college and hospital lectures." "At the close of the session each professor examines in his own department, and the standing of each student is based upon a percent." Fees: Tickets for the session, including matriculation and demonstrator's ticket, $75; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Percent. 65 54.5 44.2 33.3 33.9 33.3 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, forty-four. Number of Illinois students attending the last two sessions C82-'83), both in the same twelve-month, 15. Number of graduates in Illinois, 99. Remarks: Prior to 1883, two courses were delivered annually. Hereafter but one annual course will be delivered. , St. Joseph Hospital Medical College. St. Joseph, Mo. Organized in 1876. Five classes, containing forty-five students, were graduated. In 1882, this college was merged into the St. Joseph Medical College, (vide infra). College of Physicians and Surgeons, of St. Joseph. St. Joseph, Mo. Organized in 1878. Three classes, containing fifty students, were graduated. In 1882, this college was merged into the St. Joseph Medical College, (vide infra). St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons. St. Louis, Mo. Organized in.1879. The first class was graduated in 1880.—The faculty embraces thir- teen professors and two lecturers. Course of Instruction: A preliminary course, of four weeks'duration, and a reg- ular course, of eighteen weeks' duration, annually. Three years' graded course recom- mended, but not required.—Lectures embrace dermatology, diseases of children, medical jurisprudence, histology, ophthalmology, otology, materia medica, toxicology, chemistry, surgery, orthopedic surgery, operative surgery, clinical medicine, hygiene, mental and nervous diseases, anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, diseases of women, practice of med- icine. Requirements: For admission: "All candidates must present credible certificates of good moral character, and furnish evidences of possessing a good common-school edu- cation. Graduates of literary colleges and high schools will be received without exam- ination regarding preliminary qualification. All others will be examined by the dean, or registrar."—For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) a good moral character; (3) at least three years study of medicine; (4) attendance on two courses of lectures. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1879-80 19 5 26.3 1880-81 41 9 22 — 1881-82 49 12 24.5 1882-83 69 31 45 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, thirty-two. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 11. Number of graduates in Illinois, 11. Remarks: "Reputable practitioners of medicine, non-graduates, but who possess certificates authorizing them to practice from boards of health of their respective States * * * may be admitted to the graduating class one month before the close of the ses- sion * * * and will be examined only upon medicine, surgery and obstetrics." 100 Joplin College of Physicians and Surgeons. Joplin, Mo. (Pop., 7038.) Organized in 1880. The first class was graduated in 1881.—The faculty embraces six professors, five lecturers, and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: Regular course, of nineteen weeks' duration, and a spring course, of twelve weeks' duration, annually. Quizzes by the professors, daily. Graded course recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace anatomy, minor surgery. physiology, microscopic anatomy, chemistry, materia medica, theory and practice of medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, surgery, clinical surgery, diseases of children, otology, ophthalmology, electro-therapeutics, medical jurisprudence, therapeutics. Requirements: For admission: "While it is not the wish of the faculty to prevent any worthy man from acquiring a medical education, yet they believe that medical men should have a knowledge of at least the common English branches, and that any man who is worthy to fill the high post of a physician will readily acquire this knowledge. Therefore, candidates for admission will'be required to pass a thorough examination in the common English branches, including natural philosophy. Candidates possessing di- plomas from a good literary or scientific college, or high school, will be exempt from this examination. Candidates must also present evidences of good moral character."—For graduation: (1) good moral character, (2) twenty-one years of age, (3) three years' study, (4) two complete courses of lectures [Allowance for absence will be made for not more than twenty per centum of the course, and then only when occasioned by the student's sickness.] (5) dissection during both courses, (6) regular attendance at clinics during both courses, (7) regular attendance at quizzes during both courses, (8) satisfactory examina- tion in each branch taught in the college. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $30; demonstrator, $5; graduation, $20. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 23 11 47.8 1881-82 45 34 75.5 1882-83 41 18 44 — Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past three years, fifty-seven. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Remarks: At the April, 1883, meeting of the Illinois State Board of Health, charges against this college being under consideration, it was resolved that its diplomas would be recognized in the future by said Board, whenever and so long as it shall appear that its met/was and practices entitle it to such recognition. Hering Medical College (Homeopathic.) St. Louis, Mo. Organized 1880.—See Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri, Number of graduates in Illinois, 1. Northwestern Medical College of St. Joseph. St. Joseph, Mo. (Pop. 32 431.) Organized in 1880.—The first class was graduated in 1881. -The faculty embraces eight professors and four lecturers. Course of Instruction: One session of nineteen weeks' duration annually.—Lec- tures embrace principles and practice of medicine, chemistry, toxicology, diseases of the chest, obstetrics, gynecology, surgery, anatomy, physiology, nervous diseases, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of children, minor surgery, pathology, genito-urinary diseases, medical jurisprudence. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age- (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses; (4) satisfactory examination; (5j thesis. ' Fees: For the entire course, $40; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Percent. 57.5 65 58 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past three years, sixty. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Remarks: "While the subject of medical teaching is, at present, in a very confused and unstable condition everywhere, we think it but the part of common sense for each school to adopt the rules and regulations deemed best for its own prosperity This the originators of the Northwestern College have done, regardless of foreign suggestions" —Extract from the Fourth Annual Announcement. e&oonvuo. Session. Matriculates. Graduates. 1880-81 40 23 1881-82 40 26 1882-83 31 18 101 Joplin Medical College. Joplin, Mo. Organized in 1881.—Extinct. See List of Institutions not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health. Medical Department of the University of Kansas City. Kansas City, Mo. Organized in 1881.—The flrst class was graduated in 1882.—The faculty embraces nine- teen professors, flve adjunct professors, and one lecturer. Course of Instruction: One regular session of twenty-six weeks' duration, and one spring session of ten weeks' duration, annually. "The usual methods of instruction will be followed, embracing clinics, lectures and dissections, together with frequent oral examinations." Three years' graded course recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace principles and practice of medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, pathology, prin- ciples and practice of surgery, materia medica, pharmacy, therapeutics, general, de- scriptive and surgical anatomy, physiology, chemistry, medical jurispnudence, clinical medicine, physical diagnosis, clinical and operative surgery, nervous and mental diseases, ophthalmology, otology, histology, orthopedic surgery, diseases of children, hygiene, diseases of chest, throat and genito-urinary organs, and dermatology. Requirements: For admission:—"Every applicant must be of good moral character, and possess the evidences of a good English education. He should also possess sufficient knowledge of Latin to read and write current prescriptions." The following resolution has been passed by the faculty since the issuance of the announcement: Resolved, That the dean of the faculty, prioi to matriculating any student, shall ascer- tain by examination, either oral or written, or both, that the applicant has the necessary prerequisites as published in the announcement. For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study: (4) two full courses; (5) clinical instruction during one term; (6) dissection of each region; (7) full and satisfactory examination in each branch. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $53; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $25. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 25 11 44 1882-83 28 8 38.6 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, forty-one. St. Joseph Medical College. St. Joseph, Mo. (Formed by the union of the St. Joseph Hospital Medical College and College of Physicians and Surgeons of St. Joseph,) Organized in 1882. The flrst class was graduated in 1883.—The faculty embraces twelve professors, tbree lecturers and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One regular course of lectures of nineteen weeks' duration, annually. Clinics at hospital and dispensary. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace chemistry, histology, anatomy, therapeutics and materia medica, principles and practice of medicine, operative surgery and surgical pathology, medica jurisprudence, genito-urinary diseases, gynecology, mental and nervous diseases, hygiene, dental surgery, diseases of children, surgery, physiology, obstetrics. Requirements : For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) tsventy-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years'sudy; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) dissec- tion "continuously"; (6) hospital clinics; (7) satisfactory examination on all branches taught in this college; (8) thesis. Fees : Matriculation, $5; lectures, $35; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $35. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1882-83 24 8 33.3 Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. Remarks • A second (summer; examination is held for candidates who do not pass an entirely satisfactory examination in certain departments, not exceeding three in number. If they pass these examinations, which are held six months after the regular examina- tion "they will be recommended to the board of trustees for the degree. 102 Kansas City College Hospital of Medicine. Kansas City, Mo. Organized in 1882. The flrst class was graduated in 1883—The faculty embraces eieven professors, two lecturers, and one demonstrator, Course of Instruction: One regular term of twenty weeks' duration, annually..— Lectures emhrace "orthopedic, military and clinical surgery, and allopathic materia medica" (bothby the same professor); gynecology and principles of surgery (ditto);.medi- cal electricity and diseases of nervous system (ditto); diseases of women and children; obstetrics; "allopathic theory and practice and clinical medicine"; ' homeopathic thera- peutics and materia medica and theory and practice"; anatomy and diseases of genito-urinary system (the same professor); diseases of eye, ear and laryngology; physi- ology and chemistry (the same professor); histology and microscopical anatomy; hernia and dermatology (the same professor); and medical jurisprudence. Requirements: For admission, (1) eighteen years of age; (2) a good moral charac- ter; (3) a "preliminary education aud training sufficient to enable him to profltably and properly engage in the study of medicine."—For graduation: (1) a good moral character; (2) twenty-one years of age; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) satisfactory examination on all branches taught in the college. Fhes : Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $5; lectures, $30; graduation, $20. Students : Session of 1882-83, matriculates, 18; graduates, 11. Percent, of graduates to matriculates, sixty-one. Remarks : The following extracts from the last annual announcement are necessary to a better understanding of the matter given above, under the caption " Course of In- struction" : The faculty "is composed of gentlemen of culture from every school of medicine that is recognized for its merits." The branches of " materia medica, embracing allopathic and homeopathic and eclectic," will be taught, &c, and the "physiological action of drugs"—presumably in the three methods—"will be practically demonstrated," &c, The professor of diseases of the eye and ear in the faculty of 1882-83, was one of the graduates in the class of that year, and is announced as "professor of diseases of eye, ear and laryngology," in the faculty of 1883-84. The "professor of homeopathic therapeutics and materia medica and theory and practice," and the demonstrator of anatomy, in the faculty of 1883-84, are also graduates of the class of 1882-83. MONTANA. Population, 39159. Number of physicians, 77. Number of inhabitants to each physi- cian. 568. Dr. C. G. Brown, of Helena, writes: In reply to your letter, I will say that medical laws in Montana are like angels' visits, "few and far between." Each physician is required to pay a yearly license of $16, and there is a law which says only M. D.'s shall receive a license, but there is no one to en- force it. Any one who applies to the county treasurer, says he has graduated, and "pro- duces" $16, gets his credentials, and enters into the "free-for-all." We need a territorial board to regulate things. An effort was made, at the last session of the Legislature, to secure such a board, a medical practice act. etc.; but, alas, we were accused of trying to get a corner on the practice of medicine, and the result was a failure. We hope to accomplish more at the next session. A bill was passed at the last session, establishing county boards with power to take care of contagious diseases, etc., but nothing touching the rights of practitioners of whatever type or creed. I believe there is not a medical society in Montana, and there seems to be very little desire for mutual improvement. NEBRASKA. Population, 452 402. Number of physicians, 878 (this number was reported to the State medical society in 1882j. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 521. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine in the State of Nebraska. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Nebraska: Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to practice medicine, surgery or obstet- rics, or any of the branches thereof, in this State, without flrst havingjcomplied with the 103 provisions of this act relating to registration; and no person practicing medicine, surgery or obstetrics, or any part of the branches thereof, shall be entitled to registration unless possessed of the qualifications required by section 4 of this act. § 2. It shall be the duty of all persons claiming to be physicians and surgeons, and intending to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in the State of Nebraska, before be- ginning the practice thereof, or any of the branches thereof, to register as a physician,by nling with the county clerk of the county in which he or she resides, or in which he or she intends to practice, a statement, in writing, under oath or affirmation, giving his or her full name, age, place of birth, place of residence, place of business, and the time he or she has practiced medicine, and when and where he or she has so practiced, and the time of such practice in each place, and if he or she is or has been a member of any med- ical society or societies, the name and location of such society or societies, and if he or she is a graduate of any medical college or university. Such statement shall be filed by i£e ?SSnty. c.lerk, and by him recorded in a book to be kept for that purpose, to be called the Physicians' Register." § 3. Whoever shall knowingly make any false statement or statements in the state- ment mentioned in sec. 2 of this act. shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, upon convic- tion thereof, shall be subject to the same penalties which attach to the crime of perjury under the laws of the State of Nebraska. J i4'j [A-n amendment to the original act passed in February, 1883.1 No person shall be entitled to registration as a physician or surgeon under the provisions of this act, or to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics, or any branch thereof, in this State, unless he or she shall be possessed of one of the qualifications named in this section, as follows: First, a graduate of a legally chartered medical college or institution having authority to grant the degree of Doctor of Medicine; or, Second, Persons who can show evidence that thev have passed a satisfactory exami- nation befora medical boards of other States created for the purpose of such examina- tion, and all surgeons and assistant surgeons who were commissioned and served as such in the iate war of the rebellion: or, Third, A person who shall have, at the time this act takes effect, attended one course of lectures in a-legally chartered medical college or institution having authority to con- fer the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and practiced medicine continually for three (3) years, the last one year of which practice shall have been in this State; or. Fourth. A person who shall have been, at the time of the taking effect of this act engaged in the practice of medicine, surgery or obstetrics for a livelihood, for a period of ten years, the last two years of which practice has been in this State: Provided, that no person not a resident of this State at the time this act takes effect, who has not received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from a legally chartered medical college or institution having authority to grant the same, shall be admitted to registration under this act, or authorized to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this State. § 5. It shall be the duty of the county clerk in each county of this State to provide, and keep in his said office as a public record, a book, to be entitled "The Physicians' Reg- ister," in which book the clerk shall record the statement named in section two of this act, and properly index the same, and for filing, recording and making transcripts of such statements, the clerk shall be entitled to the same fees as allowed by law for like services as to conveyances of real estate. § 6. Any person who shall have filed the statement required by section two of this act, in one county, and shall remove to another county, shall, before entering upon the practice of his profession in such last-named county, procure a certified copy of the rec- ord of his former registry, and cause such transcript to be filed and recorded in the physicians' register of such county in which he has removed. § 7. Certified copies of the record of such statements or transcripts shall be received in evidence in all courts instead of the original statement filed with the county clerk. § 8. No person shall recover, in any court of this State, any sum of money whatever for any medical, surgical or obstetrical services, unless he shall have complied with the provisions of this act relating to registration, and is one of the persons authorized by this act to be registered as a physician. § 9. Any person, not possessing the qualifications for the practice of medicine, sur- gery or obstetrics lequired by the provisions of section four of this act, or any person who has not complied with the provisions of section two of this act as to registration, who shall engage in the practice of medicine, surgery or obstetrics.or any of the branches thereof, in this State, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction there- of, shall be fined in any sum not less than twenty dollars nor more than one hundred dol- lars, and costs of prosecution, for each offense, and shall stand committed until such flne and costs are paid. § 10. A person shall be regarded as practicing medicine, within tfie meaning of this act, who shall publicly profess to be a physician, surgeon or obstetrician, or prescribe for the sick. But nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit students from practicing under the supervision of a registered preceptor, or to prohibit gratuitous services in cases of emergency, and this act shall not apply to commissioned surgeons In the United States army and navy. § 11. Any itinerant vender, who is not qualified as hereinbefore provided, of any drug, nostrum, ointment or appliance of any kind, intended for the treatment of any disease or injury, or shall, by writing, printing or any other method except by ordinary professional card or sign, publicly profess to cure or heal disease, injury or deformity, by any drug or nostrum, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than flfty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty days nor more than three months, or ■both, in the discretion of the court, for each offense. Approved March 3,1881. Took effect June 1,1881. 104 A. S. V. Mansfelde, M. D., Secretary of the Nebraska State Medical Society, writes : "Physicians generally have registered, but otherwise the law is not enforced." A committee of the State Medical Society reported (1882) as follows : "The law has had a good effect, in that it is now possible to learn what are the qualifi- cations of so largo a number of medical practitioners in the State, and yet your commit- tee are compelled to report that the law is virtually a failure, so far as affording protection to the people from the imposition of quacks. "From the fact that there is no tribunal before which may be determined the genuine- ness of a diploma or license, all kinds of papers purporting to be diplomas are spread upon our record books, and the people, for whose protection the law was intended, not being able to discriminate between the true and the false, are thus cruelly deceived by a so-called doctor, holding a diploma issued by some quack in Cincinnati, St. Louis, or elsewhere. "Your committee direct especial attention to the large number of fraudulent diplomas found, and earnestly request that some action be taken by which the State may be freed of these imposters." The act was amended after the writing of this report, but as the recommendation of the society that a tribunal should be appointed which should determine the genuineness of diplomas, was not heeded, the law, doubtless, remains inoperative as before. Omaha Medical College. Omaha, Neb. (Pop., 30 518.) Organized in 1881. The outgrowth of a preparatory school, established in 1880. under the name of the Nebraska School of Medicine.—The faculty embraces fourteen professors and a demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One annual course of twenty-two weeks' duration.—Stu- dents not attending regularly, or leaving before the close of the session, are catalogued as partial-course students. Three years' graded course recommended but not required. Daily examinations by the faculty.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, clinical surgery, obstetrics, diseases of women, diseases of children, practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, therapeutics, mental and ner- vous diseases, medical jurisprudence, histology, pathology, ophthalmolgy, otology, laryn- gology. Requirements: For admission, (a) satisfactory evidence of good moral character;. (b) eighteen years of age; (c) "creditable English education."—For graduation : (1) twen- ty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) "such preliminary education'as is clearly requisite for a proper standing with the public and the profession;" (4) three years' study: (5) two full courses; (6) clinical instruction for one session; (7) practical anatomy and chemistry, one course; (8) full and satisfactory written and oral examination on each branch taught; (9) thesis. Fees: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, $35; graduation, $25. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 33 8 23 1882-83 30 9 30 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, twenty-six. Remarks : Six partial-course students are counted among the matriculates of 1881-82, and flve among the matriculates of 1882-83. Medical Department of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Neb. (Pop. 13 003.) Organized in 1883.—The faculty embraces eight professors and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One course of lectures of twenty-four weeks' duration annu- ally. Clinical teaching, practice in diagnosis, daily examinations and chemical and microscopical manipulations will occupy a prominent position in the course of instruc- tion.—Lectures embrace descriptive and surgical anatomy, physiology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, principles and practice of medicine, surgery, surgical pathology obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of children, ophthalmology, otology, and medical juris- prudence. Requirements: For admission: "No one will be admitted to this department unless the faculty is satisfied that he is sufficiently advanced in an English education to pursue with advantage, the study of medicine.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age* (2) good moral character; (3) "must pursue successfully the study of practical anatomy and practical chemistry;" (4) three full courses of lectures; (5) satisfactory examination in, all the branches taught. Fees: None. . 105 NEVADA. . Population, 62 266. Number of physicians, 134. Number of inhabitants to each phy- sician, 464. An Act to Prevent the Practice of Medicine and Surgery by Unqualified Persons. The People of the State of Nevada, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. No person shall practice medicine or surgery in this State who has not received a medical education and a diploma from some regularly chartered medical school; said school to have a bona fide existence at the time when said diploma was granted. § 2. Every physician or surgeon, when about to take up his residence in this State, or who now resides here, shall file for record with the county recorder of the county in which he is about to practice his profession, or where he now practices it. a copy of his diploma. at the same time exhibiting the original, or a certificate from the dean of the medical school of which he is a graduate, certifying to his graduation. § 3. Every physician or surgeon. when1, filing a copy of his diploma or certificate of graduation, as required by section two.of this act, shall be identified as the person named in the papers about to be filed, either by affidavit of two citizens of the county, or by his affidavit taken before a notary public or commissioner of deeds for this State, which affi- davit shall be filed in the office of the county recorder. §. 4. Any person practicing medicine or surgery in this State without complying with sections one. two and three of this act, shall be punished bv a flne of not less than flfty dollars ($50), nor more than flve hundred dollars ($500). or bv imprisonment, in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty (30) days nor more than six (6) months, or by both fine and imprisonment, for each and every offense; and any person filing or attempting to file, as his own, the diploma or certificate of graduation of another, or a forged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and. upon conviction, shall be subject to such fine and imprisonment as is made and provided by the statutes of this State for said offense. § 5. It shall be the duty of the police, sheriff or constable to arrest all persons practic- ing medicine or surgery in this State who have not complied with the provisions of this act, and the officer making the arrest shall be entitled to one-half of the flne collected. § 6. No portion of this act shall apply to any person who, in an emergency, may pre- scribe or give advice in medicine or surgery in a township where no physician resides, or where no physician resides within convenient distance; nor to those who have practiced medicine and surgery in this State for a period of ten years next preceding the passage of this act, nor to persons prescribing in their own family. § 7. This act shall go into force sixty (60) days after its final passage. Approved January 28,1875. The following supreme court decisions relating to the above act are given in the digest of Nevada Reports and Lawyer's Circuit Court Reports (page 297,1878.) Physicians and Surgeons. . 1. Act to prevent the practice of medicine and surgery by unqualified persons consti- tutional. In construing section 6 of said act, which provides that it shall not apply "to those who have practiced medicine or surgery in this State for a period of ten years next preceding the passage of this act," held that said provision is not in violation of section 21 of art iv. of the State constitution. 10 Nev. 323. 2. Idem—How far constitutional. Held, that there is some reason for requiring ten years' practice in this State as a qualification for the continued practice of medicine and surgery; but there is no sort of reason for requiring that practice to have extended over the particular ten years immediately preceding the enactment of the law, and to this ex- tent the law is unconstitutional, because in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the federal constitution; but omitting the words "next preceding the passage of this act." leaves a good and perfect statute: (By Beatty, J.) 3. Idem. Held, that said section is not in conflict with any of the provisions of the State or federal constitution: (By Hawley, C. J.) NEW HAMPSHIRE. Population, 346 991. Number of physicians, 610. Number of inhabitants to each physi- cian, 567. General Laws Relating to the Practice of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry. Chapter 132. Section 1. It shall not be lawful for any person to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery unless such person shall have obtained a license from some medi- cal society organized under the laws of this State, stating that he is qualified in the branches of the medical profession named in said license. 106 § 2. Every medical society, organized under the laws of this State, shall, at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed in its charter or by-laws, elect a board of cen- sors, consisting of three members, who shall be elected for such term as may be pre- scribed in said charter or by-laws, which board shall have authority to examine, and license persons to practice medicine, surgery or midwifery. The board shall issue 'licenses without examination to all persons who furnish evidence by diploma from some medical school authorized to confer degrees in medicine and surgery, when said board is satisfied that the person presenting such diploma has obtained it after pursuing some prescribed course of study and upon due examination. Said board shall also have power, upon due notice and hearing, to revoke any license granted by said board when improp- erly obtained, or when the holder has, by conviction for crime, or any other cause, ceased to be worthy of public confidence. Such license or revocation shall be recorded by the elerk of said medical society. § 3 It shall not be lawful for any person, who is not duly authorized to practice medi- cine or surgery, to practice dentistry unless such person has received a dental degree from some college, university or medical school authorized to confer the same, or shall have obtained a license from the New Hampshire dental society. § 4. Said dental society shall, at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed in its charter or by-laws, elect a board of censors, consisting of three members, who shall be elected for such term as may be prescribed by the society, which board shall nave authority to examine and license persons to practice dentistry. The license shall be recorded by the clerk of said society. § 5. No person receiving a license as herein provided shall be authorized to practice until he shall have procured the same to be recorded by the clerk of the court in the eounty where he resides, if a resident of this State; if not a resident of this State, in the county were he intends to practice. Such licenses shall be recorded in a book provided for that purpose, and which shall bear the title and inscription of the medical and dental register of................county, and the fee for recording the same shall be fifty cents. § 6. Each person receiving a license upon examination shall pay, for the use of the society granting the same, the sum of five dollars; upon diploma, one dollar. § 7. If any person shall practice medicine, surgery, midwifery or dentistry without being duly anthorized as provided in this chapter, or after his license is revoked, he shall be punished by flne of not more than three hundred dollars for each offense. § 8. The provisions of the preceding sections shall not apply to persons who have resided and practiced their profession in the town or city of their present residence during all the time since January flrst, eighteen hundred and seventy-flve, nor to physi- cians residing out of the State, when called into the State for consultation with duly licensed physicians, or to attend upon patients in the regular course of their business. Dr. Irving a. Watson, Secretary of the New Hampshire State board of health, writes: While the medical act now in force in this State is not all that can be desired, it has done a great deal of good, especially in reducing the number of traveling quacks. At the time of its enactment, it sent a good many uneducated practitioners out of the State, and has undoubtedly kept many of that class from locating in the State. Several attempts have been made to repeal it by Boston quacks, in order to operate in this State, but they have, in every instance, been unsuccessful. . Medical Department of Dartmouth College. (New Hampshire Medical Institute.) Hanover. (Pop. 1134.) Organized in 1797. The flrst class was graduated in 1798. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces eleven professors, one lecturer, and an instructor. Course of Instruction: One regular course of sixteen weeks' duration, one recita- tion course of twenty-four weeks' duration, annually. "Clinical instruction will be given to as large an extent as circumstances will admit."—Lectures as follows: The courses in chemistry, surgery and practice consist of sixty-six lectures each; in anatomy and physi- ology, ninety-nine lectures; in obstetrics and therapeutics, forty-four lectures each; in gynecology, of twenty-two lectures; shorter courses in medical jurisprudence, mental diseases, ophthalmology, laryngology, pharmacy, urinary analysis. Requirements: For admission, applicants must be eighteen years of age, and, unless already matriculates in medicine or graduates of some reputable college, academy or high school, will be examined as to their fitness for entering upon and appreciating the technical study of medicine. They will be expected to be familiar with the elementary principles of physics (light,heat,electricity,etc). on entrance.—For graduation: (1) twenty- one years of age; (2) good moral character: (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) three full years' study; (5) one course of dissection. Two examinations annually. Fees: Matriculation $5; lectures, $77; graduation, $25; recitation term, $40. 107 Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1878 87 30 34.5 1879 88 23 26.0 1880 80 26 32.5 1881 78 29 37 1882 91 43 47.2 1883 76 28 36.8 Average percent, of graduates o matriculates during the past six years, thirty-five. Number of Illinois students attending during the past session, 1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 22. NEW JERSEY. Population, 1131116. Number of physicians, 1595. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 709. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine and Surgery. Be it enacted by time was spent in the discussion of State regulation of the practice of medreine and the, faihire of societies and present laws to accomplish this object. Dr. E,.A. Wood of Pittsburg, said? "the present registration act is a failure." Dr.Fi.NLEY, of Altoona,.said. ever since the establishment of the American Medical Assoc ation and this society in 184*not a single year had passed without pleas to the medical colleges for assistance in establish- ing a preliminary examination for students, but without the first step of encouragement thus far." A scheme' for the examination of students about tp engage in the practice of medicine was adopted at the last meeting of the society, which, if carried out, is calculated to do mucb good. Department of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa. (Pop. 847 170.) Organized in 1765. The first medical diploma issued in America was granted to Dr. JohnArcher by this college (then known as the College of Medicine in Philadelphia) in 176? Classe- have been graduated each subsequent year.-The faculty embraces eleven professors; twenty-seven demonstrators and assistant demonstrators, and four lecturers. Course of Instruction: A preliminary course of three weeks' duration a regular course of twenty six weeks' duration, and a spring course of seven weeks duration, annually Three post-graduate courses, each of eight weeks' duration, are held during fheve^ar-Course graded, extending over three years Four years'graded course recom- mend'but not required. Examinations at the end of each year.-Lectures embrace Somv obstetrics diseases of women and children, theory and practice of medicine, sSrierv chrdcal surgery, clinical gynecology, pathology, materia medica, therapeutics nharmacv c^hemistry, physiology, histology,ophthalmology.otology,dermatology,menta and nervous diseases! laryngology, physical diagnosis, orthopedic surgery, and venereal diseases.' Rfouirements- For admission: (a) collegiate degree; (b) certificate of having passed ™«triVnYarion examination of a recognized college: (c) certificate, covering the required Sectsfrom a^^Tognized normal or high school of a duly organized county medical lo^etv b iving instituted a preliminary examination; (d) preliminary examination em- bracing firstto write, abrief essay, not exceeding a page of foolscap, which will serve as a test of ^qualifications in orthography and grammar; second, to undergo an examina- tinn in the elementary principles of physics, on the subjects considered in Part I of Fownes' ChemdT^.-For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good, moral charac- ter^(3Khree years' study; (4) three full courses of lectures; (5) pass required rexamina- tfons- (Wthlsis^Students who have attended one course in a regular dental school will 136 be admitted as students of the second course in the University of Pennsylvania, after having passed a satisfactory examination in general chemistry and materia medica and pharmacy. Students who have attended two courses in a regular medical school will be admitted as students of the third course in this institution, after having satisfactorily passed an examination in general and medical chemistry, materia medica and pharmacy, anatomy and physiology. Graduates of otber regular medical schools in good standing will be admitted as students of the third class without examination. Graduates of colleges of pharmacy and dental colleges in good standing are admitted to the second course without an examination. Fees: Matriculation, $5; graduation, $50; lectures, including laboratory and dissec- tion, $150. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and' percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 375 127 33.8 1878-79 343 91 26.5 1879-80 377 116 30 1880-81 374 115 30 1881-82 363 122 33.3 1882-83 367 104 28.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 6. Number of graduates in Illinois, 73. Remarks: During the first and second years, much of the student's time is occupied with practical work in the various laboratories of chemistry, pharmacy, osteology, his- tology and pathological histology, and in dissection; but throughout the second and third sessions he is required to attend the general medical and surgical clinics at the University and Philadelphia hospitals, while special clinical facilities are provided for the third year. In this year, each student receives bedside instruction in clinical medicine and surgery. in physical diagnosis, and in gynecology. Opportunities are afforded for the practical study of diseases of the eye, ear. throat and skin, and for acquiring proficiency in the use of the various instruments employed in their treatment, For this purpose the third year class is divided into sections of convenient size, each of which receives direct personal instruction in the various practical subjects above mentioned. No honorary degrees conferred. Jefferson Medical College. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1826 as the Medical Department of Jefferson College at Canonsburg, Pa. The flrst class was graduated in 1827. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year. —The iacuity embraces eight professors, two honorary professors and eight demonstra- tors. Course of Instruction: A preliminary course of three weeks' duration, a regular course of twenty-four weeks' duration, and a spring course of eight weeks' duration. At- tendance upon the spring course of lectures continues to be large, and the faculty recom- mend all who have it in their power, to use the facilities thus offered. Daily clinics at hospitals and dispensary.—Lectures embrace obstetrics and diseases of women and chil- dren, practice of medicine, clinical medicine, general descriptive and surgical anatomy, medical chemistry, toxicology, materia medica, general therapeutics, institutes of medi- cine, medical jurisprudence, principles of surgery, clinical surgery, practice of surgery, histology, pathology, pharmacy, ophthalmology, otology, gynecology, laryngology, elec- tro-therapeutics, microscopy, dermatology, genito-urinary diseases, physical diagnosis, practical and laboratory instruction in obstetrics, medicine, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, physiology, histology, operative and minor surgery, bandaging, patho- logical anatomy and anatomy. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) three years' study; (5) thesis. Students of dental colleges, where a flve months'winter session is held, and where full courses are given on anatomy, materia medica, physiology and chemistry, may become candidates, after attendance on two courses at such colleges, and one full course at the Jefferson Medical College, with another on surgery, practice of medicine, and obstetrics. Students of colleges of pharmacy, where full courses are given on materia medica and cbemistry, may become candidates, after attendance on two courses at such colleges and one full course at the Jefferson Medical College, with another on anatomy, surgery, prac- tice of medicine, physiology and obstetrics. Fees: Matriculation, (paid but once) $5; lectures, $140; demonstrator, (of anatomy) $10;; all other practical courses free; graduation, $30. 137 Graduates. Percent. 203 33.9 196 34.2 196 34.2 205 33 6 247 39.2 227 39.8 Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates toimatriculates— Session. Matriculates. 1877-78 598 1878-79 572 1879-80 572 1880-81 609 1881-82 630 1882-83 569 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates for six years, thirty-five. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 14. Number of graduates in Illinois, 188. Remarks: Post-graduate instruction is given by flve courses of seven weeks each. Hahnemann Medical College (Homeopathic.) Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1848.—The first class was graduated in 1849. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces ten professors, three lecturers and five demonstrators. Course of Instruction: One regular course of lectures of twenty-one weeks' dura- tion and a spring course annually. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required. Clinics at hospital and dispensary, "Recitations, quizzes, demonstrations, experiments and other practical exercises will be called into requisition as aids in the work of imparting instruction."—Lectures embrace anatomy, physics, chemistry, toxicol- ogy, obstetrics, physiology, sanitary science, pathology, practice of medicine, operative surgery, clinical surgery, principles of surgery, clinical medicine, surgical anatomy, physical diagnosis, microscopy, histology, ophthalmology, otology, botany, pharmacy, insanity, medical jurisprudence. Requirements: For admission: certificate signed by preceptor as evidence of quali- fications for the study of medicine.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) at least one course of practical anatomy and surgery; (6) thesis. A student who has attended one or more courses in a medical college in which homeopathy is not taught, must attend one full session of instruction in this institution, and in addition to the general average required for graduation, he must obtain a two-thirds average in the following depart- ments: Homeopathic institutes and materia medica, practice of medicine and clinical medicine. Fees: Matriculation, $5; lectures, $100; practical surgery, $10; demonstrator, $10; practical obstetrics and chemistry (optional), $10 each; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. 1877-78 161 1878-79 162 1879-80 192 1880-81 208 1881-82 148 1882-83 147 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, thirty-seven. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 3. Number of graduates in Illinois, 29. Remarks: Sixty percent, of the graduates (session of 1882-83) had pursued the three years' graded course. Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1850.—The first class was graduated in 1851. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces ten professors, flve lecturers, three demon- strators, and three instructors. Course of Instruction: A regular course of twenty-one weeks' duration, and a spring course of ten weeks' duration, annually. Three and four years' graded course recommended but not required. Weekly examinations given by regularly appointed instructors throughout the winter course.—Lectures embrace chemistry and toxicology, anatomy clinical anatomy, physiology, hygiene, medical jurisprudence, materia medica and general tberepeutics, principles and practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery obstetrics, gynecology, diseases of children, laryngology, rhinoscopy, histology, microscopy, pathology, pharmacy, dental physiology and pathology, nervous diseases. Practical work in laboratories noted in the requirements for graduation. Graduates. Percent. 52 32.1 61 37.6 75 39 83 39.9 57 38.5 52 35.4 138 yoi ,PeQuikements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; 12) three years study; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) two courses of practical anatomy, having made at least one creditable dissection of each of the usual divisions of the caaaver; (5) one course in the chemi6al and one in the pharmaceutical laboratory; ?ot{ier section of the same chapter, he is required to report, without compensation, all still-births, contagious diseases, and results of vaccination. The physician is exempt from jury and military duty. Medical Department of Brown University. Providence, R. I. Organized in 1811. "Lectures were delivered and classes graduated annually, from 1814 to 1827, inclusive, excepting the years 1820-21, when it is believed that no classes were graduated. The department fell under President Wayland's strict rules of discipline, enforced on the medical professors."—[G. W. Parsons, M. D., of Providence. SOUTH CAROLINA. Population, 995 577. Number of physicians, 919. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 1084. An Act to Regulate the Licensing of Physicians and Surgeons. Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of South Carolina, now met and sitting in General Assembly, and by the authority of the same: A person shall not practice physic or surgery for compensation within the State unless he is twenty-one years of age, and either has been heretofore authorized so to do, pursuant to the laws in force at the time of hie authorization, or is hereafter authorized to do so by subsequent sections of this act. § 2. From and after the first day of June, 1882, every person now duly authorized to practice physic and surgery within this State, and every person hereafter duly authorized to practice physic and surgery, shall, before commencing to practice, register in the office of the clerk of the court of the county where he is practicing or intends to com- mence the practice of physic and surgery, in a book to be kept by said clerk, his name, residence and place of birth, together with his authority for so practicing physic and sur- gery, as prescribed in this act. The person so registering shall subscribe, and verify by oath or affirmation, before a person duly qualified to administer oaths under the laws of State, an affidavit containing such facts, and whether such authority is by diploma or license, and the date of the same and by whom granted, which, if wilfully false, shall subject the affiant to conviction and punishment for perjury. The said clerk of the court to receive a fee of twenty-five (25) cents for such registration, to be paid by the person so registering: Provided, that any registration made in conformity to the provisions of the act herein amended are hereby confirmed and made valid." LThis section, an amendment to the original act, was approved July 5,1882.J § 3. A person who violates either of the two preceding sections of this act, or who shall practice physic or surgery under cover of a diploma illegally obtained, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by fine not less than ($50) flfty dollars nor more than ($200) two hundred dollars for the flrst offense, and each subsequent offense by a flne not less than ($100) one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not less than (30) thirty days nor more than (90) ninety days, or both. The flne, when collected, shall be paid, the one-half to the person or corporation making the complaint, the other half into the county treasury. § 4. A person coming to the State may be licensed to practice physic or surgery, or either, within the State in the following manner: If he has-a diploma conferring upon him the degree of Doctor of Medicine, issued by an incorporated university, medical college or medical school without the State, he shall exhibit the same to the faculty of some incorporated medical college, or the medical board of the State, with satisfactory evidence of his good moral character, and such other evidence, if any, of his qualifica- tions as a physician and surgeon as said medical college or medical board may require. If his diploma and qualifications are approved by them, then they shall endorse said diploma, which shall make it, for the purpose of his license to practice medicine and sur- gery within this State, the same as if issued by them. The endorsed diploma shall authorize him to practice physic and surgery within the State, upon bis complying with the provisions of section two (2) of this act. § 5. The medical board referred to in the previous section shall be composed of the physicians and surgeons constituting the local boards of health in various counties of the State—the local board of health for each county having jurisdiction over all matters contrary to this act, occurring within its borders. § 6. The degree of Doctor of Medicine lawfully conferred by any medical eollege or university in this State shall be a license t<> practice physic and surgery within the State, after the person to whom it is granted shall have complied with section (2; two of this act. § 7. Nothing in this act shall apply to commissioned medical officers of the United States army or navy, or the United States marine-hospital service.' § 8. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this act are hereby repealed. Approved Dec. 17,1881. 141 Section 920 of the General Statutes provides as follows: In no case wherein the provisions of this chapter shall have been violated shall any person so violating receive a compensation for services rendered : Provided, that nothing herein contained shall in any way be construed to apply to]any person practicing dentistry, or to females practicing midwifery. Medical College of the State of South Carolina. Charleston, S. C. (Pop., 49 984.) Organized in 1829. The first class was graduated in 1830. Classes were graduated an- nually until 1862, when operations were suspended during the war, and until 1872, when they were resumed. Classes have been graduated annually since 1873.—The faculty em- braces six professors, two assistant professors, two instructors and two demonstrators. Course of Instruction : One regular course of eighteen weeks' duration annually clinics at hospital. Graded course recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace principles and practice of surgery, clinical surgery, pathology, practice of medicine, clin- ical medicine, physiology, chemistry, anatomy, ophthalmology, otology, obstetrics, gyne- cology, materia medica, therapeutics, microscopy, pathology, laboratory instruction (compulsory on first-course students). Requirements : For admission, none.—For graduation : (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) preliminary education satisfactory to the faculty; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) examination in all the branches. Attendance upon lectures, hab- its and general character must be satisfactory to the faculty. Fees: Matriculation, $5; laboratory, $5; lectures, including demonstrators and one hospital ticket, $75; graduation, $30. Studenis : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 60 17 28.3 1878-79 71 20 28 1879-80 74 23 29.7 • 1880-81 77 21 27 1881-82 56 19 33.9 1882-83 61 18 29.5 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past six years, twenty nine. Remarks : Pharmacy students are also included in the number of matriculates here given—thus affecting the proportion of graduates to matriculates. Medical Department of the University of South Carolina. Columbia, S. C. Organized in 1866.—Extinct. Charleston Medical College. Charleston, S. C. Organized in 18— Extinct. TENNESSEE. Population, 1542 359. Number of physicians, 2688. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 574. C. C. Fitr, M. D., Secretary of the Tennessee State Board of Health, writes: We have no laws bearing upon tbe practice of medicine. In this State the practice of medicine is free to all. Indians, negroes, confidence men and all that ilk ply their "trade" with no re- strictions whatever. Any man who claims to be a doctor is one; hence druggists who do not know enough to make a living, turn out as doctors in full practice before you know;it. A farmer boy too lazy to plow reads an old work on practice, or "Every Man his own Doctor," invests $6 in drugs and is a physician, andbeing a"regular" we all consult with him. Our legislators will not touch, and our doctors are too timid to press, the subject; and so we languish in tbe old paths. 142 Medical Department of the University of Nashville and Vanderbilt University. Nashville, Tenn. (Pop., 43 350.) Organized in 1850 as the Medical Department of the University of Nashville, and as- sumed its present relation in 1874. The first class was graduated by the University of Nashville in 1852; and the first diploma was issued by the Vanderbilt University in 1875. Classes have been graduated annually by the respective Universities since these dates.— The faculty embraces ten professors, five lecturers and a demonstrator. Course of Instruction: A preliminary session of four weeks' duration, and a regu- lar session of twenty weeks' duration are delivered annually. Daily examinations are held by professors. Clinics at hospital.—Lectures embrace anatomy, physiology, surgery, surgical anatomy, microscopy, materia medica, therapeutics, chemistry, obstetrics, theory and practice of medicine, clinical medicine, state medicine, diseases of women, diseases of children, diseases of the ear and eye, histology, pathology, physical diagno-. sis, medical jurisprudence, hygiene, operative surgery. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation, (1) twenty-one years of age: (2) good moral character; (3) three years' study; (4) two full courses of lectures; (5) dissection during one session. "The candidate is elected by ballot, and upon receiving three nega- tive votes, will be rejected; but will be entitled to another examination by appearing be- fore a full faculty, after all other applicants have been examined. No premature exam- ination will be granted except by consent of the entire faculty." Fees: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, $75; graduation, $100. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1879-80 311 141 45.3 1881-82 327 191 58 1882-83 246 116 47 + Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during three years, fifty. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 29. Remarks:-The honorary degree was conferred, at the 1883 commencement, on a matri- culate of the last session, 1882-83. Memphis Medical College. (Medical Department, Cumberland University.) Memphis, Tenn. Organized in 1854.—Suspended during the war of the Rebellion. Reorganized in 1872. Courses of lectures were delivered until 187-. Extinct. Number of graduates in Illinois, 2. Nashville Medical College. (Medical Department of the University of Tennessee.) Nashville, Tenn. Organized in 1876. Became connected with the University of Tennessee in 1880. The flrst class was graduated in 1878. Classes have been graduated each subsequent year.— The faculty embraces thirteen professors and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction: One course of lectures of twenty weeks' duration and a preliminary course of four weeks' duration, annually. Examinations by the faculty daily. Clinics at hospital and dispensary.—Lectures embrace theory and practice of medicine. Clinical medicine, chemistry, state or preventive medicine, insanity, hygiene, surgery, clinical surgery, obstetrics, clinical midwifery, medical and surgical d.-seases of women, diseases of children, general, descriptive and surgical anatomy, mat ria medica, thera- peutics, physiology, medical jurisprudence, medical and surgical diseases of the eye, ear and throat, dental surgery. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) dissections during attendance in this school; (5) satisfactory examination by the faculty. Fees: Matriculation (paid but once) $5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, $75 ;'graduation, $10. 143 Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, anc percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session. Matriculates, Graduates. Percent, 1877-78 125 -- — 1878-79 132 -- -- 1879-80 167 52 31 + 1880-81 134 55 41 + 1881-82 144 69 48- 1882-83 133 58 43.6 . Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past four yeavs.forty. Number of Illinois students attending the last session, 6. Number of graduates in Illinois, 17. Remarks: One honorary degree was conferred at the last commencement. Meharry Medical Department of Central Tennessee College. Nashville, Tenn. Organized in 1876. The flrst class was graduated in 1877. Devoted to the education of colored students, male and female.—The faculty embraces seven professors, one assistant professor, and one demonstrator. Course of Instruction; One annual session of nineteen weeks' duration. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace: "During the first year's attendance, students will be required to recite daily in anatomy, physiology. chemistry and materia medica, have practical work in dissecting, and work two hours per day in the chemical laboratory. They will also receive instructions in elementary botany. At the close of the session, they are required to pass a satisfactory written examination ih the above mentioned branches. The studies for the second year consist of surgery, gynecology, obstetrics, surgical anatomy, theory and practice of medicine, histology, microscopy, two hours' work per week in medical chemistry, and daily recitations and attendance on the lectures will be required. Written monthly examinations are required during the whole course." Lectures are also delivered on medical jurisprudence and diseases of women. Requirements: For admission: "Applicants must be at least eighteen years of age, of good moral cbaracter, and pass examinations in arithmetic, geography, grammar, read- ing, writing and spelling. Graduates of other recognized colleges and normal schools will, on presenting their diplomas, be admitted without examination."—For graduations (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) must pass a satisfactory written examination in all of the branches laid down in this course, including the outlines of Bible history and doctrine; (5) present an acceptable original thesis on some medical subject. Fees: Tuition, $30; graduation, $10; materials for practical anatomy and chemistry at cost. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates: Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 9 3 --- 1878-79 8 8 --- 1879-80 10 8 --- 1880-81 24 3 --- 1881-82 29 8 27.6 18s2-83 30 5 16.6 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, twenty- two Only the numbers of new matriculates, and not the total numbers attending the sessions of 1877-78,1878-79 1879-80 and 1880-81, being furnished, the percentages of graduates to matriculates have not been computed for these years. Remarks: Seventy-five percent, is required to pass the examinations. The Dean writes that the requirements for admission and graduation will be raised as soon as cir- cumstances will permit Botanic Medical College. Memphis, Tenn. Extinct. 144 Memphis Hospital Medical College. (Medical Department Southwestern Baptist University.) (Memphis, Tenn. Pop., 33 592.) Organized in 1880. The flrst class was graduated in 1881.—The faculty embraces nine professors. Course of Instruction : A preliminary course of two weeks' duration, and a regu- lar course of twenty weeks' duration, annually. Daily examinations and quizzes by the professors. Clinics at hospital and dispensary.—Lectures embrace materia medica, therapeutics, surgery, clinical and operative principles and practice of gynecology, anatomy—descriptive and surgical, opbthalmology,.practice of medicine, clinical medi- cine, otology, obstetrics, diseases of tbe throat, physiology, diseases of the chest, chemistry, toxicology, diseases of the nervous system, diseases of children. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) good moral character; (3) two full courses of lectures; (4) dissection during one session; (5) thet-is; (6) satisfactory examination in all branches taught. "No examination for graduation will be granted in advance of the time fixed for examining the entire class, without the unanimous consent of the faculty." Fees : Matriculation, $5; lectures, $50; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $30. Students : Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session since the orga- nization of the college, and percentage of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1880-81 - 9 --- 1881-82 89 30 33.7 1882-83 95 32 33.6 three Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past two years, thirty- TEXAS. Population, 1592 574. Number o physicians, 3003. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 530. An Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine, Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Texas: Section 1. That no person shall be permitted to practice medicine, in any of its branches or departments, in this State, without flrst haviDg a certiflcate of qualification from some authorized board of medical examiners, as hereinafter provided. ' § 2. That every person who may hereafter engage in the practice of medicine, in any of its brancbes or departments, in this State, shall, before entering upon such practice, furnish to the clerk of the district court of the county in which said practitioner may reside or sojourn, his certiflcate of qualification- and said clerk shall enter the name of said person in a well-bound book, kept in his office for that purpose, together with the time when, the place where, and the personlor persons by whom such certificate of qualifi- cation was given, after which he shall return the said certificate to the owner thereof; for whicb service said clerk shall be entitled to receive from each, any and every such appli- cant the sum of one dollar. § 3. That the presiding judges of the district courts of the several judicial districts shall, at the flrst regular term of their courts after this act shall become a law, or as soon thereafter as practicable, severally appoint aboard of medical examiners for their respec- tive districts, to be composed of not less than three practicing physicians of known ability, and having certificates of qualification for the practice of medicine under tbe "Act to Regulate the Practice of Medicine," passed May 16,1873, and said board of exami- ners to continue in office two years from and after their appointment; and they shall, immediately after accepting such appointment, elect one of their number president, and one as secretary, and adopt all necessary rules for the guidance and control of their meetings. It shall be the duty of said board of medical examiners to examine all appli- cants for certificates of qualification to practice medicine, in any of its branches or de- partments, in this State, whether such applicants are furnished with medical diplomas or not, upon the following named subjects; to-wit: anatomy, physiology, pathological anatomy and pathology, surgery, obstetrics and chemistry; said examination to be thorough. When the said board of medical examiners shall have been satisfied as to the qualifications of said applicant, they shall grant' to him a certiflcate to that effect, which certiflcate shall be recorded with the clerk of the district court of the county in which said applicant may reside or sojourn, as provided in section two of this act. which certifl- cate shall entitle him to practice anywhere in this State. Such board of examiners sball be entitled to receive the sum of fifteen dollars for each and every such applicant, to be paid by the applicant or party so examined; and two of them shall have authority to grant certificates, and whenever a vacancy occurs in any of said boards, the same shall be filled by appointment by the judge of the district in which such vacancy occurs. 145 § 4. That said boards shall meet regularly semi-annually at some central point in their respective districts to conduct examinations and grant certificates, as hereinbefore provided, and they shall give at least one month's public notice of said meeting, by pub- lication, in some paper published in the judicial district, specifying the time and place thereof: Provided, that any member of any of said boards shall have authority to grant temporary license or certiflcate to an applicant, upon examination, until the next regular meeting of the board, at which time the temporary license shall cease; but the said applicant must apply for a thorough examination. Each and every one of such boards shall procure a seal, as soon as practicable after their organization, which seal shall be impressed upon every certiflcate granted. § 5. That any person violating any of the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, before any court having competent jurisdiction, shall be fined in any sum not less than flfty dollars, and not more than flve hundred dollars, for every such offense: one half of such flne shall be paid to the prosecutor, and the other half into the county treasury; and it shall be the duty of the judge of each judi- cial district, at each term of the district court in the respective counties composing his district, to charge the grand jury with the necessity of preserving this act inviolate, and to admonish them of their duty to find presentments against any and all persons guilty of its infraction: Provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to exclude or disqualify any person who may have been already qualifled for the practice of medicine under the act of May 16,1873: Provided, that nothing in this act shall be so construed as to apply to those who have been regularly engaged in the general practice of medicine in this State, in any of its branches or departments, for a period of flve consecutive years in this State prior to the flrst day of January, 1875; nor to those who have obtained certifi- cates of qualification under said act; nor to females who follow the practice of midwifery, strictly as such. § 6. An act entitled "An act to regulate the practice of medicine." passed sixteenth of May, 1873, and all other laws or parts of laws in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed. § 7. It being important that the benefits of this act be realized at once, creates such imperative public necessity and an emergency as requires that it be of force and effect upon its passage, and it is so declared. Approved August 21,1876. Article 396 of the Penal Code provides: If any person shall practice for pay, or as a regular practitioner, medicine in this State, in any of its branches or departments, or offer or attempt to practice without flrst having obtained a certiflcate of professional qualifica- tion from some authorized board of medical examiners, or without having a diploma from some accredited medical college, chartered by the legislature of the State or its authority, in which the same is situated,he shall be punished by fine of not less than flfty nor more than five hundred dollars. Article 398. If any person shall hereafter engage in the practice of medicine in any of its branches or departments, for pay, or as a regular practitioner, without having first filed for record with the clerk of the district court of the county in which such person may reside or sojourn, a certificate from some authorized board of medical examiners, or a diploma from some accredited medicalcollege, he shall be punished as prescribed in Article 396. Approved March 26,1879. Dr. W. J. Burt, Secretary of the State Medical Association, writes: We have laws, but they are not efficient. Any graduate of a chartered medical college is qualified, under our laws, to practice, by registering his diploma in the county clerk's or district clerk's office. This lets in, and qualifies, a man who holds a bogus or forged diploma. A non-graduate must be examined by a board appointed for each judicial dis- trict. The profession have tried for four years to get an amendment to the law requiring every physician to be examined by a board in each congressional district, irrespective of diplomas, but the Solons of our Stateldo not see it, and say, "let the people select and employ whom they please." We hope to get a more efficient and satisfactory law in 1884. Texas Medical College and Hospital. Galveston, Tex. Organized in 1864.—Re-organized in 1873.—Formerly known as the Galveston Medical "College. The last course of lectures was delivered in 1880-81. —10 146 UTAH TERRITORY. . Population, 143 963. Number of physicians, 139. Number of inhabitants to each physi- cian, 1035. Dr. H. J. Richards, of Salt Lake City, writes: In answer to your letter I have to say that, so far as I know, we have in Utah no law regulating the practice of medicine. I think there is in the penal code one clause defining a punishment for the misdeeds of a physician while drunk. The inference is, that during the little time he is sober, he will not do much harm. Some of the incorporated cities regulate medicine within their limits by selling a license to any one who may apply for it. In this city the qualifications needed to practice medicine are the possession of one dollar, and a willingness on the part of tbe would-be physician to contribute said one dollar to the city treasury. * * As for the medical fraternity proper, I do not think any of them care for any law regulating medicine. I believe they are advocates of the- doctrine of the "survival of the fittest." Medical Institution of Morgan City. Morgan City, U. T. Extinct. VERMONT. Population, 332 286, Number of physicians, 659. Number of inhabitants to each-. physician, 504. Practice of Medicine and Surgery, Chapter 172, Revised Laws, 1880. Section 3908. Medical societies, organized under a, charter from the general assem- bly, shall, at each annual session, elect a board of censors, consisting of three members, who shall hold their office till others are elected; which board may examine and license practitioners of medicine, surgery and midwifery. § 3909. A practitioner of medicine, surgery or midwifery, who, by sign or advertise- ment, offers his services to the public as practitioner of either medicine, surgery or mid- wifery, or who, by such sign or advertisement, assumes the title of doctor, shall obtain a certificate from one of such medical societies, either from a county, district or State society. § 3910. A person not a resident of this State, who has not received a diploma from a chartered medical college, shall obtain a certificate from a board of censors in this State before he shall be permitted to practice the medical art in this State. §"3911. Each board of censors shall issue certificates, without fee, to physicians and surgeons who furnish evidence, by diploma from a medical college or university, or by certificate of examination from an authorized board, which satisfies said censors that tbe person presenting such credentials has been, after due examination, deemed qualified to practice tbe branches mentioned in such diploma or certificate. § 3912. The censors of each medical college aforesaid shall, in their discretion, notify practitioners of medicine, surgery or midwifery of the terms of this chapter, and sball require such persons to comply therewith within thirty days after such notification, or within such further time as is allowed by the censors, not exceeding ninety days. § 3913. The certiflcate shall set forth that said censors have found the person to whom it is given qualified to practice the branches of medical art mentioned in it, and shall be substantially in the following form: No.---. Certificate. STATE OF VERMONT, i County of-----. j This may certify that the undersigned board of censors have found A. B., of-------, in the county of-------, and State of-------, qualifled in the following branches of the medical profession:------------; and therefore license him to practice said branches within this State. Board of Censors of Medical Society. § 3914. The person to whom a certificate is thus issued shall cause the same to be recorded in the clerk's office of the county in which he resides, or, if not a resident of the State, in tbe county in which he obtains such certificate, in a book to be kept by the county clerk for that purpose, and to be called the Medical Register of------County. The fee ■■ for recording such certificate shall be twenty-five cents. 147 I A certificate issued by a board of censors, as herein provided, shall be valid throughout the State after being duly recorded. Said censors may revoke or annul a certiflcate if, in their judgment, the person holding it has obtained it fraudulently, or has forfeited the right to public confidence, by conviction of crime. §3916. A person who practices medicine, surgery or midwifery in the State, or signs a certificate of death for purposes of burial or removal, unless authorized so to do by a certificate issued and recorded as herein provided, shall, for the flrst oitense, be fined not less than flfty nor more than two hundred dollars, and for a subsequent offense not less than two hundred nor more than flve hundred dollars, wbich flne may be recovered in an action of debt, for the use of any person who sues therefor, or by an indictment. ., | .3917- No person practicing either of the branches of medicine, surgery or midwifery within this State shall be permitted to enforce, in the courts, the collection of a fee or compensation for services rendered, or material or medicine furnished, in tbe practice of any of the branches for which he has not a certiflcate as provided in this cbapter. § 3918. This chapter shall not apply to the practice of dentistry, nor to the practice of midwifery by women in the town or locality in which they reside, nor to those practi- tioners of medicine who had resided and practiced medicine in tbe State flve years pre- vious to November 28, 1836. § 2555. A physician who attended upon a deceased person shall leave with the town clerk a certiflcate containing the name of the disease or cause of such death within fifteen days after the interment of the deceased; and a medical attendant who fails to give such certificate shall be fined three dollars, for the use of the town where the offense is com- mitted. The professional books and instruments of a physician are exempt from taxation, and from attachment and execution. Medical Department of the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College. Burlington, Vt. (Pop. 11365.) Organized in 1823. The first class was graduated in 1823. Sessions were held and classes graduated annually, excepting in 1835, until 1837, when the sessions were sus- pended. In 1854 the department was reorganized. A class was graduated in 1854 and in each subsequent year.—The faculty embraces fourteen professors, one assistant professor, one instructor, one demonstrator, and one curator. Course of Instruction: A preliminary term of eighteen weeks' duration, and a reg- ular term of seventeen weeks' duration, annually.—Consists of a complete course on the seven principal branches, and a short and practical course on the special branches. Clinics at hospital and dispensary. Three years' graded course recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace general aid special anatomy, obstetrics, diseases of women, materia medica, general pathology, principles and practice of surgery, chemistry, toxi- cology, theory arid practice of medicine, microscopic anatomy, dermatology, diseases of children, ophthalmology, otology, thoracic diseases, diseases of the throat and nose, mental and nervous diseases, medical jurisprudence. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation: (1) twenty-one years of age; (2) three years' study; (3) two full courses in different years; (4) thesis; (5) good moral character; (6) satisfactory examination. "Graduates of other regular colleges, who desire a degree from this institution, must pass a satisfactory examination in the branches of medicine, surgery and obstetrics; and if they be graduates of more than three years' standing, they must exhibit a certificate of membership in some medical society entitled to representation in the American Medical Association." Fees: Matriculation, $5: lectures, $70; graduation, $25. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates— Session, Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1878 108 33 30 + 1879 140 49 35- 1880 143 53 37 + 1881 171 50 29 + 1882 190 85 44.7 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the flve years ended 1882, thirty- five. Number of Illinois students attending the session of 1882,1. Number of graduates in Illinois, 18. Vermont Medical College. Woodstock, Vt. Organized in 18—. Extinct. Number of graduates in Illinois, 12. 148 Vermont Academy of Medicine. Castieton, Vt. Organized in 1818. Suspended instruction from 1837 to 1841. Extinct since 1854. During its existence it graduated 350 students. Number of graduates in Illinois. 27. VIRGINIA. Population, 1512 565. Number of physicians, 1898. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 796. Dr. J. L. Cabell, University of Virginia, furnishes the following; Code of Virginia (1873.) Chapter 34, Section 8: A separate license shall be granted to each member of a Arm or company of attorneys at law, physicians, surgeons and dentists; and where the tax is estimated on the income Jrom the professional business of a firm or company, if any part thereof is exempt from taxation, the exemption in favor of such Arm or company shall apply to each member thereof. § 16. Provides that no abatement of tax be granted on licenses for one year. § 62. No person shall, without a license, practice as a physician, surgeon or dentist, for compensation; but a license to practice either profession shall confer the privilege of practicing in all the professions aforesaid, and a license granted to practice in any county or corporation, shall authorize such physician, surgeon or dentist to practice in any of the professions authorized throughout, the commonwealth without additional license. Any person violating the provisions of this section, or who shall practice in either of the professions named, without a license, shall pay a flne of not less than thirty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense, and shall be debarred from recovering any compensation for any such service, by suit or warrant, in any of the courts of the commonwealth. Chapter 35, Section 51. The specific license tax on every physician, surgeon or dentist shall be ten dollars. Chapter 104, Section 31. Every physician and surgeon shall, in a book to be kept by him, make a record at once of the death of every person dying in this State, upon whom he has attended at the time of such death, setting out, as far as practicable, the circum- stances herein required to be recorded by an assessor or commissioner respecting deaths. He shall give to an assessor or commissioner of the revenue, whenever called upon by him for that purpose, annually, a copy of such record, so far as the same relates to deaths in such assessor's or commissioner's district. The above statutes were enacted during the session of the Legislature of 1871-72. Compensation for attending prisoners, and for making analyses in criminal cases, is prescribed by the following statute, enacted during the session of 1877-78: A court may appoint a physician to attend prisoners in its jail, and make him a rea- sonable allowance, not exceeding;seventy-flve cents per day for each day he attends a patient. When he attends more than one patient a day, there may be allowed flfty cents per day for each additional patient. A court may make an allowance not to exceed the sum of twenty-five dollars, as compensation to any physician or analytical chemist, for making an analysis to discover poison in any criminal case. Medical Department of the University^of Virginia, Near Charlottesville, Albermarle county. (Pop. of University Town, 1000. Pop. of Charlottesville, 2676.) Organized in 1825. The flrst class graduated in July, 1828. There was no graduating class in 1862.—The faculty embraces four professors and a demonstrator of anatomy. Course of Instruction: One annual course of thirty-four weeks' duration; daily ex- aminations by the professors; optional courses in the chemical laboratory are given, fee charged, $25 each. Course is graded extending over two years.—Lectures embrace, be- sides comparative anatomy, obstetrics and medical jurisprudence, the following scheme: The arrangement of the lectures is such that the student acquires a competent knowledge of anatomy, physiology and chemistry before he enters upon the study of the principles and practice of medicine and surgery, which can only be studied properly in the light shed upon them by the former. The instructions in materia medica and pharmacy are also given in due relation to the progress of the student in chemistry. Requirements: For admission, none.—For graduation. 'The degree of Doctor of Medicine is conferred upon such students as prove their fltness for the same by rigid and searching examinations. It has ever been the policy of the institution to make its honors 149 testimonials of merit, and not certificates of attendance upon a prescribed course of in- struction. According to this policy the diploma is often conferred upon first-course stu- dents, if found worthy of it. The candidates for graduation are subjected to searching interrogations on the details and niceties as well as on the leading principles of the sub- ject, and they are expected to be accurately versed in all the topics treated of in the lec- tures and correlative text. These examinations are chiefly in writing. The standing of the student at the daily and general examinations is taken into account in estimating nis qualifications for graduation. As a proper acquaintance with the English language is in- dispensable to the attainment of any of the honors of the institution, all candidates for graduation are required to exhibit in their examination due qualifications in this respect." Fees: Matriculation and library, $30; tuition, $100; demonstrator, $10; graduation, $15. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentage of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1877-78 — 17 — 1878-79 — 21 — 1879-80 — 12 — 1880-81 57 13 22.8 1881-82 34 12 32.3 1882-83 56 16 28.6 Average percent, of graduates to matriculates during the past three years, twenty- eight. Number of graduates in Illinois, 7. Medical School of the Valley of Virginia, (Winchester Medical College.) Winchester, Va. Organized in 1826. Lectures were probably delivered until the breaking out of the war, 1861, although no positive information is at hand regarding the date of its extinction. Medical College of Virginia. Richmond, Va. (Pop. 63 600.) Organized in 1838 as the MedicalDepartmentof Hampden Sidney College, under which name it continued until 1854, wben a new charter was obtained and the present name as- sumed. The first class was graduated in 1840. Classes have been graduated each subse- quent year. The faculty embraces eight professors and ten adjunct professors. Course of Instruction: One annual course of twenty-four weeks' duration. Daily examinations by each professor or assistant. Clinics at hospital and dispensary. "The general plan and purpose of the course of instruction will be a judicious combination of the methods usually described as the didactic, with careful and abundant clinical and experimental illustration: thoroughness of instruction being the aim in all departments." —Lectures embrace practice of medicine, obstetrics, diseases of the puerperal state, dis- eases of women and children, physiology, pathology, surgery, chemistry, pharmacy, gen- eral and special anatomy, materia medica, therapeutics, diseases of the eye, ear and throat. Requirements: For admission, "An examination if considered necessary."—For graduation: not stated in announcement. Fees: Matriculation, $5; demonstrator, $10; lectures, $120; graduation, $30. Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at the last session (being the only session concerning which the present Dean is able to give information,) and number of graduates of the session of 1881-82, obtained from the forty-fifth announcement- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 — 13 — 1882-83 *61 9 14.7 Percentage of graduates to matriculates, fifteen. Number of graduates in Illinois, 4. ♦Includes pharmacy students. 150 WASHINGTON TERRITORY. . Population, 75 120. Number of physicians, 152. Number of inhabitants to each physi- cian, 494. . A law requiring the registration of physicians exists in this Territory, but it has been impossible to obtain a copy of it. WEST VIRGINIA. Population, 618 457. Number of physicians, 939 (registered by State Board of Health, 1041.) Number of inhabitants to each physician, census basis, 658: registration basis, 594. An Act amending and re-enacting Chapter 150 of the Code of West Virginia concerning the Public Health. Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia: Section 1. There shall be a State board of health in this State, consisting of two phy- sicians residing in each congressional district thereof, who shall be graduates of repu- table medical colleges, and who shall have practiced medicine for not less than twelve years continuously. They shall be appointed by the Governor, and hold their office for the term of four years, unless sooner removed as provided in this chapter. But the mem- bers of said board now in office shall, unless sooner removed therefrom, remain in office until their successors are appointed and qualified. On the first day of June, 1882, and in every second year thereafter, or as soon after said day as possible, the Governor shall appoint two members of said board for the term of four years. Vacancies in said board shall be filled by the Governor for the unexpired term. Any person so appointed may be removed from office by the Governor, for incompetency, neglect of duty, gross immorality or drunkenness, or for any cause deemed necessary for the public good. § 2. The persons so appointed shall take the oath of office prescribed by the fifth sec- tion of the fourth article of the constitution of this State, before entering upon the duties of their office, and file a certiflcate of their having done so with the Secretary of State. § 3. The said board shall, on a day to be fixed by them, in every two years, elect from their own number a president and secretary, who shall hold their offices for the term of two years and until their successors are appointed and enter upon the duties of their office. The said board shall be a corporation by the name and style of "The State Board of Health of West Virginia," and have and use a common seal, and, as such corporation, may sue and be sued, contract and be contracted with, plead and be impleaded, to the extent of the powers conferred upon said board by this chapter. Said board may make and adopt all necessary rules, regulations and by-laws, not inconsistent with the consti- tution and laws of this State, or of the United Slates, to enable it to perform its duties and transact its business under the provisions of this chapter. A majority of said board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. A meeting of the board may be called by the president or any three members thereof. § 4. The secretary shall be the recording officer of the board, and, in addition to his other duties prescribed in this chapter, he shall respond to all communications of the local boards of health, as well as from any member of said State board of health residing at a distance from his office, and give to them such advice and information relative to their duties as he may deem necessary and proper. He shall also do and perform such other duties as the State board of health may lawfully direct; and in case of the preva- lence of endemics, epidemics, infectious and contagious diseases, or other unusual sick- ness, he shall, on the request of the local board of health, visit the locality and advise with them, and adopt such regulations for its suppression as may seem best. He sball annually report to the Governor, on or before the first day of January, the investigations discoveries and recommendations of the board, which shall be printed and distributed as soon as practicable thereafter in the same manner as other public documents of tbe State, except that the Governor may cause said report to be printed and distributed annually. § 5. The board shall take cognizance of the interests of the life and health of the in- habitants of the State, and shall make, or cause to be made, sanitary investigations and inquiries respecting the causes of diseases, especially the endemics and epidemics and the means of prevention, the sources of mortality, and tbe effects of localities, employ- ments, habits and circumstances of life on the public health. They shall also investigate the causes of diseases occurring among the stock or domestic animals in the State, the methods of remedying the same, and shall gather information in respect to these matters and kindred suojects for diffusion among the people. They shall also ex imine into and advise as to the water supply, drainage and sewerage of towns and cities; the ventilation and warming of public halls, churches, school houses, workshops and prisons; tbe venti- lation of coal mines, and how to treat promptly accidents resulting from poisonous gases. When they may believe there is a probability that any infectious or contagious disease will invade this State from any other State, it shall be their duty to take such action and adopt and enforce such rules as they may, in the exercise of their discretion, deem efficient in preventing the introduction and spread of such disease or diseases. The better to accomplish such objects, the board are empowered to establish and strictly maintain quarantine at such places as they may deem proper, and may adopt rules and regulations to obstruct and prevent the introduction or spread of infectious or contagious 151 diseases to or within the State. They may enforce inspections of persons and articles of baggage, or other goods of whatsoever character, as well as the purification of the same; and companies or individuals operating or controlling railroads, passenger coaches, public conveyances, and steamers plying the Ohio river, or its tributaries in this State, shall obey the rules and regulations when made and published by ihe board in some newspaper printed at or near the place where the danger is; and any owner or person having charge of such railway train, passenger coach, steamboat, or public or private conveyance, who shall refuse to obey such rules and regulations when so made and pub- lished, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and for each offense be fined not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars, and be confined in the county jail not less than fifteen days nor more than two months, at the discretion of the court. § 6. It shall be the duty of the county court to nominate, and the said board to ap- point, in each of the counties of this State, three intelligent and discreet persons residing therein, one of whom, at least, shall be a person qualified to practice medicine under the provisions of ti.is chapter, if there be such person residing in the county, and the persons so appointed shall constitute a local board of health for the county of their residence, and hold their office for the term of two years, and until their successors are appointed, unless sooner n-moved from office by the State board of health. Vacancies in said local board shall be filled by the State board for the unexpired term upon the nomination of the county court. The said local board of health shall make and establish for their county, or for any district or place therein, such sanitary regulations and rules as they may d^em necessary and proper to prevent the outbreak and spread of cholera, small-pox, scarlet fever, diph- theria and other endemic infectious and contagious diseases; and they or any of them may, except in the night time, in the performance of the duties imposed upon them, enter into or upon any house or premises and inspect the same whenever they have reason to believe that such house or premises is in an unclean or infectious condition; and if any hcise or premises so inspected be found in such condition as aforesaid, said local board shall direct and require the person in.charge of or occupying, the same, if of sufficient ability, to cleanse and purify the same according to the sanitary rules and regulations made by said board as aforesaid; and if any such person shall fail or refuse to comply with and obey the said directions and requirements of said board, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and fined not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars. Such local board shall also enforce within their county all the lawful rules and regulations of the State board of health applicable to such county. It shall be the duty of every practicing physician in any county in which there is such local board of health, to report to said board promptly all or any diseases of the above named character under treatment by him; and said local board shall once, at least, in every three months, report to the State board of health the character of all such infec- tious, contagious, endemic or epidemic diseases; the number of persons reported as affected witb either of said diseases, naming the same: the action taken by such local board to arrest the progress of every such disease, and the visible effects (if any) of such action. Where any city, town or village has a board of health of its own, the jurisdiction of the local board so appointed shall not extend thereto, but such city, town or village board of health shall be auxiliary to and act in harmony with the State board of health. § 7. The local board of health of any county may declare quarantine therein, or in any particular district, or place therein, against the introduction of any contagious or in- fectious disease prevailing in any Other State, county or place, and of any and all persons and things likely to spr-ad such contagion or infection. As'soon as such quarantine is established, such local board shall, in writing inform the members of the State board of health residing in their congressional district thereof, whose duty it shall be to ascertain as soon as practicable the necessity therefor, if any exist; and if they find that no such necessity exist, they shall declare the same raised. The said local board shall have power and autbority to enforce such quarantine until the same is raised as aforesaid, or by themselves; and may confine any such infected person, or any person likely to spread sucb contagion or infection, to the house or promises in which he or she resides, or if such person have no residence in the county, at a place to be provided by them for the purpose; and if it shall become n^-c^ssary to do so, they shall summon a sufficient guard for the enforcement of their orders in the premises. Every person who shall fail or refuse to comply with any order made by such board under this section, and every person summoned as such guard who shall, without a lawful excuse, fail or refuse to obey the orders and directions of such board in enforcing said quarantine, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and for each offense be fined not less than twenty-five nor more tban one hundred dollars. In cases of emergency or of actual ne- cessity, and wben the court or corporate authority are from any cause unable to meet or to provide for the emergency or the necessity of the case, all actual expenditures neces- sary for local and county sanitation as provided for in this section, shall be certified by the'local board of health to the county court, and the whole or as much thereof as the said court may deem right and proper shall be paid out of the county treasury. The board of health ot any city, town or village, shall have the same powers and perform the same duties herein conferred upon and required of the local board of health in their county. The State board of health may al«o, under the provisions of this section, declare quarantine in any part of the State, and all the provisions of this section shall be applic- able to the quarantine so declared. § 8. The State board of health, its agents and employees, and the local boards of health, in the absence of the state board, its agents and employees, when they have rea- son to believe that anv steamboat or other water craft navigating the Ohio river or its tributaries in this State, or any other of the waters of the State, or bordering thereon, is infectedwith any contagions or infectious disease, may prevent the landing of such boat or craft at any point in this State. They may also, if they have reason to believe that any rail- road train, coach or other vehicle, passing on or along any railroad in this State, contains any person or thing infected with contagious matter, detain at any station or point on such railroad, wbere it can be done with safety, such train, coach or vehicle, for a time 152 sufficient to examine the same, and if found to be so infected, for a time sufficient to dis- infect and purify the same; and if the conductor or person in charge of such train, coach or vehicle, shall wilfully fail or refuse to stop the said train, coach or vehicle for the time aforesaid, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and punished as prescribed in section five (5) of this chapter. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to impair or affect the powers and duties of the county court of any county under the provisions of sections twenty-five (25) and twenty-six (26) of chapter thirty-nine of the code of West Virginia as amended and re-enacted by chapter flve of the acts of one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one. § 9. The following persons, and no others, shall hereafter be permitted to practice medicine in this State, viz : First. All persons who are graduates of a reputable medical college in the school of medicine to which the person desiring to practice belongs. Every such person shall, if he have not already done so and obtained the certiflcate hereinafter mentioned, present his diploma to the State board of health, or to the two members thereof in his congres- sional district; and if the same is found to be genuine, and was issued by such medical college as is hereinbefore mentioned, and the person presenting the same be the gradu- ate named therein, the said board or said two members thereof (as the case may be) shall issue and deliver to him a certiflcate to that effect: and such diploma and certiflcate shall entitle the person named in such diploma to practice medicine in all its departments in this State. Second—All persons who have practiced medicine in this State, continuously for the period of ten (10) years prior to the eighth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one. Every such person shall make and file with the two members of the State board of health, in tbe congressional district where he resides, or if he reside out of the State, in the district nearest his residence, an affidavit of the number of years he has continuously practiced in this State, and if the number of years therein stated be ten (10) or more, the said board or said two members thereof, shall, unless they ascertain such affidavit to be false, give him a certificate to that fact, and authorizing him to practice medicine in all its departments in this State. Third—A person who is not such graduate and who has not so practiced in this State for a period of ten (10) years, desiring to practice medic i ne in this State, shall, if he have not already done so, present himself before the State board of health, or before the said two members thereof in the congressional district in which he resides, or if he reside out of this State, to the said two members of the State board of health in the congressional district nearest his place of residence, who, together with a member of the local board of health who is a physician (if there be such member of the local board) of the county in which such examination is held, shall examine him as herein provided; and if upon full examination they find him qualifled to practice medicine in all its departments, they, or a majority of them, shall grant him a certificate to that effect, and thereafter he shall have the right to practice medicine in this State to the same extent as if he had the diploma and certiflcate hereinbefore mentioned. The members of the State board of health in each congressional district shall, by publication in some newspaper printed in the county in which their meeting is to be held, or if no such paper is printed therein, in some newspaper in general circulation in such district, give at least twenty-one days' notice of the time and place at which they will meet for the examination of applicants for permission to practice medicine, which notice shall be published at least once in each week for three (3) successive weeks before the day of such meeting. . But this section does not apply to a physician or surgeon who is called from another State to treat a particular case, or to perform a particular surgicaL operation in this State, and who does not otherwise practice in this State. § 10. Every person holding any such certiflcate as is hereinbefore provided for. shall have the same recorded in the office of the secretary of the State board of health, in a book kept by him for that purpose, and the secretary shall endorse on said certificate the fact of such recordation, and deliver the same to the person named therein, or to his order. § 11. Every person on presenting himself for examination as hereinbefore provided, shall pay to the State board of health, or to the members thereof by whom he is exam- ined, a fee of ten (10) dollars, which shall not be returned if a certiflcate be refused him. But he may again at any time within one year after such refusal present himself for examination as aforesaid, without the payment of an additional fee, and if a certificate be again refused him, he may as often as he see fit thereafter, on the payment of a fee of ten (10) dollars, be examined as herein provided until he obtain such certiflcate. § 12. Examinations may be in whole or in part in writing, and shall be of an elemen- tary and practical character, and shall embrace the general subjects of anatomy' physiology, chemistry, materia medica, pathological anatomy, surgery and obstetrics, but sufficiently strict to test the qualifications of the candidate as a practitioner of med- icine, surgery and obstetrics. The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to females practicing midwifery. § 13. Any person shall be regarded as practicing medicine within the meaning of this chapter who shall profess publicly to be a physician, and to prescribe for the sick, or who shall append to his name the letters "M. D." This act sball also apply to apothecaries and pharmacists who prescribe for the sick. This act shall not apply to commissioned officers of the United States army and navy and marine-hospital service. § 14. Any itinerant physician desiring to practice medicine in this State, shall, before doing so, pay to the sheriff of every county in which he desires to practice, a special tax of fifty dollars for each month and fraction of a month he shall so practice in such county. andtak^ his receipt in duplicate therefor. He shall present said receipts to the clerk of the county court of such county, who shall file and preserve one of them in his office, and endorse on the other the words: "A duplicate ot this receipt has been filed in my office.'" 153 and sign the same and deliver it to the person presenting the same; and if any such phy- sician shall practice, or attempt to practice medicine in any such county without having paid such tax and filed such receipt with the clerk of the county court and obtained his endorsement on the other as aforesaid, or if he shall so practice or attempt to practice for a longer period than that for which he has paid such tax as aforesaid, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and be fined not less than one hundred nor more than flve hundred dollars. Any person who shall travel from place to place and by writing, printing or otherwise, publicly profess to cure or treat diseases, injuries or deformities, shall be held and deemed to be an itinerant physician and subject to the taxes, fines and penalties pre- scribed in this section. § 15. If any person shall practice, or attempt to practice medicine, surgery or obstet- rics in this State without having complied with the provisions of section nine (9) of this chapter, except as therein provided, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined for every such offense not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned in the county jail not less than one month nor more than twelve months, or be punished by both such flne and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. And if any person shall file or attempt to file as his own, the diploma or certificate of another, or shall file or attempt to file a false or forged affidavit of his identity, or shall wilfully swear falsely to any question which maybe propounded to him on his examination, as herein provided for, or to any affidavit herein required to be made or filed by him, he shall, upon convic- tion thereof, be confined in the penitentiary not less than one nor more than three years, or imprisoned in the county jail not less than six nor more than twelve months, and fined not less than one hundred nor more than flve hundred dollars at the discretion of the court. § 16. The secretary of the State board of health shall receive a salary to be fixed by the board, but not to exceed the sum of flve hundred dollars; he shall also receive his traveling and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance of his official duties within the limits of this State, not to exceed, however, one hundred dollars. The other members of said board shall each receive four dollars per day for each day actually and nec- essarily employed by them in the discharge of the duties of their office. But the whole of the expenses so incurred, the salary of the secretary and the per diem of the members of the board, shall not exceed the sum of fifteen hundred dollars in any one year. The State board shall audit all bills made out in due form and verified by the member rendering the services, or incurring the expense, or traveling in the performance of the duties of his office. Such bills, when approved by the Governor, shall be paid out of the State treasury. § 17. All moneys received by the State board of health, or any of its members, in pay- ment of fees for examination, as well as the special taxes received by the sheriff under the provisions of section fourteen (14) of this chapter, shall be paid into the State treasury within one month after the same are received. And it shall be the duty of the secretary of the State board of health on the flrst days of January and July in leach year, or within flve days thereafter, to certify to the auditor all such moneys received by said board or any member thereof, during the preceding six months. It shall also be the duty of the clerk of every county court on the same days in each year, or within flve days thereafter, to certify to the auditor all moneys received by the sheriff under, this chapter shown by the receipts filed in his office, as required by section fourteen (14) of this chapter. And any such secretary or clerk who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this section, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined for each offense not less than flfty nor more than two hundred dollars. And if any member of the State board of health shall fail to account for and pay into the treasury, as herein required, any moneys received by him as aforesaid, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined double the amount of the moneys so received, and which he has failed to pay as aforesaid. I 18. The secretary of the State board of health, or any member thereof, shall have power to administer oaths and take and certify affidavits in any matter or thing pertain- ing to the business of the board, or of any of the members thereof, § 19. If any person knowingly sell any diseased, corrupted or unwholesome provi- sions, whetber food or drink, without making the same known to the buyer, he shall be confined in jail not more than six months, and fined not exceeding one hundred dollars. § 20. If any person fraudulently adulterate, for the purpose of sale, anything intended for food or drink, or if he knowingly sell or barter anything intended for food or drink, which is not what it is represented to be, or what it is sold for, he shall be confined in jail not more than one year, and fined not exceeding five hundred dollars; and the adultera- ted or other articles shall be forfeited and destroyed. § 21. All acts and parts of acts coming within the purview of this act, and inconsistent therewith, are hereby repealed. Approved March 25,1882, and in force from that date. Governor Jackson, in his biennial message to the Legislature, dated January 20,1883, refers to the board of health of the State as follows: The law establishing the State Board of Health and regulating the practice of medi- cine and surgery, as amended and re-enacted last winter, has proved a wise act of legis- lation. It is admirably adapted to secure the protection of the lives, health, prosperity and happiness of all classes of the people. The law is now in force in every county of the State, and we may reasonably expect that its operations will prove of much benefit. 154 WISCONSIN. Population, 1315 497. Number of physicians, 1549. Number of inhabitants to each physician, 849. An Act to Prevent Quacks from Deceiving the People by Assuming a Professional Title. The People of the State of Wisconsin, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. No person practicing physic or surgery, or both.wbo is prohibited by sec- tion one thousand four hundred and thirty-six of the Revised Statutes of Wisconsin, 1878. from testifying in a professional capacity, as a physician or surgeon, in any case, shall assume the title of doctor, physician or surgeon, by means of any abbreviation, or by the use of any word or words, letters of the alphabet of the English or any other language, or any device of whatsoever kind, printed, written or painted, or exhibited in any advertise- ment, circular, hand-bill, letter or other instrument, nor on any card, sign, door or place whatsoever. Any person violating any provision of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars,nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than ten days, nor more than sixty days, for each offense. § 2. Upon complaint made, in writing, under oath, before any magistrate or justice of the peace, charging the commission of an offense against the provisions of this act in his county, it shall be the duty of the district attorney to prosecute the offender, and in all such prosecutions the burden of proof shall be upon the defendant to establish his right to use such title, under the provisions of this act. § 3. Any person prohibited by section one of this act from assuming the title of doc- tor, physician or surgeon, who shall practice, or pretend to practice, physic or surgery, or both, shall not be exempted from any. but shall be liable to all, of the legal penalties and liabilities for malpractice; and ignorance shall be no excuse for failing to perform, or for negligently or unskillfuUy performing, or attempting to perform, any of the duties required by law of practicing physicians or surgeons. § 4. Every person pretending to practice physic or surgery, or both, shall, upon de- mand of any person, exhibit all diplomas or licenses that he may have to practice physic or surgery, or both; and if such person, upon demand, shall refuse to exhibit such diplo- mas or licenses, any suit instigated against him under this chapter shall not be consid- ered malicious. § 5. This act shall take effect from and after its passage and publication. Approved March 30,1881. Section 1436 of the Revised Statutes of Wisconsin, referred to in the above law, reads as follows: § 1436. No person practicing physic or surgery, or both, shall have the right to collect in any action, in any court, fees or compensation for the performance of any medical or surgical service, or to testify in a professional capacity as a physician or surgeon in any case, unless he shall have received a diploma from some incorporated medical society or college, or shall be a member of the State or some county medical society legally organ- ized in this State. Medical societies are empowered to issue diplomas by the following: § 1425. [Revised Statutes.! The censors of each medical society shall carefully and im- partially examine all medical students who shall present themselves as candidates for a diploma and membership of such society, and report their opinion in writing to the presi- dent; and thereupon the society may grant diplomas to the persons so examined, under the hand of tbe president and the seal of the society, which diploma shall constitute them members of such society; but no person shall be so examined and no diploma shall be issued to any person unless he shall have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, have a good English education, have studied medicine at least three years with some respectable practitioner, and shall produce satisfactory evidence of a good moral character. Every person receiving a diploma from any such medical society shall pay therefor ten dollars to the treasurer thereof. J. T. Reeve, M.D., Secretary State Board of Health of Wisconsin, writes: This is the only law we have on the subject. I do not know how the impression has fone abroad, as it has, that we have a law regulating the practice of medicine, for we ave none. Milwaukee College of Physicians and Surgeons. Milwaukee, Wis. (Pop., 115 587,) See List of Institutions not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health. No date of organization is given in the announcement. The second annual announce- ment (dated 1882, which would indicate that the institution was organized in 1881,) says: "This college is incorporated under the general law of the S ate of Wisconsin. Its faculty have full power to issue diplomas of medicine and surgery, and are possessed of all rights and privileges granted, or that may be granted, to colleges in the country." It is also stated that "the qualifications requisite for graduation from this college will be of the highest standard, and efforts will be constantly made to render the course of instruction still more thorough and comprehensive." 155 What is considered the "highest standard" of qualifications requisite for graduation is shown in the following paragrapbs from tbe announcement: "Provided, however, since many States have legalized the status of practitioners by examining boards, therefore, any person otherwise qualified, and holding certificates of fitness or authority to practice from any State board of health, may become an applicant for graduation by attending a single course of lectures in this college." "Likewise, practitioners of five years of reputable and consecutive practice, upon furnishing a certificate of the tact from the county clerk and three good and reputable citizens, according to the following form, may become applicants for the honors of the school, upon attendance of one full term of lectures and passing a satisfactory examina- tion." Upon this, and other evidence of irregularities, the Illinois State Board of Health has refused to recognize the diplomas of this institution; and its methods, the personnel of the faculty and general character, were fully exposed in the report of the Secretary to the Board, at its regular quarterly meeting in June, 1885. Since that exposure, the Attor- ney General of Wisconsin has taken steps to cause the charter of this college to be declared forfeited for fraudulent and illegal practices. The institution has also been known by the name of "The Coney Medical Institute." WYOMING TERRITORY. Population, 20 789. Number of physicians, 30. Number of inhabitants to each phy- sician, 693. An Act to Prevent the Practice of Medicine, Surgery or Obstetrics by Unqualified Persons. Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Wyoming: Section 1. No person shall practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this territory, who has not received a medical education and a diploma from some regularly chartered medical school, said school to have a bona fide existence at the time when said diploma was granted. § 2. Every physician, surgeon or obstetrician in this territory shall file for record with the registrar of deeds of the county in which he or she is about to practice his or her profession, or where he or she now practices it, a copy of his or her diploma, at the same time exhibiting the original, or a certiflcate from the dean of the medical school of which he or she is a graduate, certifying to his or her graduation. § 3. Every physician, surgeon or obstetrician when filing a copy of his or her diploma or certiflcate of graduation, as required by section two of this act, shall be identified as the person named in the papers about to be filed, by the affidavit of two citizens of the county, or by his or her affidavit, taken before a notary public or commissioner of deeds for this territory, which affidavit shall be filed in the office of the registrar of deeds. § 4. Any person practicing medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this territory without complying with sections one, two and three of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be punished by a flne of not less than fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than thirty days, nor more than six months, or by both flne and imprisonment for each and every offense. And any person filing or attempting to ,file as his or her own, the diploma or certificate of graduation of another, or a torged affidavit of identification, shall be guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction, shall be subject to such flne and impris- onment in the penitentiary as may be fixed by the court for said offense. § 5. It shall be the duty of the police, sheriff or constable to arrest all persons prac- ticing medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this territory, who have not complied with the provisions of this act, and the officer making the arrest shall be entitled to one-half of the flne collected. § 6. No portion of this act shall apply to any person who, in an emergency, may pre- scribe or give advice in medicine, surgery or obstetrics, in a section of country where no pbysician, surgeon or obstetrician resides, or where no physician, surgeon or obstetrician resides within convenient distance, nor to persons prescribing in their own family; nor shall the provisions of this act apply to persons claiming to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in any section of the territory wherein no physician or surgeon, having a diploma or certificate of graduation as aforesaid, now resides or shall hereafter reside. § 7. Upon the trial of any person charged with a violation of any of the provisions of this act, it shall be sufficient for the prosecution to show that the defendant has practiced medicine, surgery or obstetrics within the county where the indictment is found, at any time since .the passage of this act, and the defendant shall not, after such proof, be entitled to an acquittal until he or she shows by the testimony of some competent wit- ness, upon oath, tbat the defendant has received a medical education and a genuine diploma from some regularly chartered medical school: Provided, that the defendant may show such facts by depositions taken in the same manner as depositions are taken in civil cases. 156 § 8. That an act entitled "An act to protect the citizens of Wyoming Territory from empiricism, and to elevate the standing of the medical profession, be and the same is hereby repealed. § 9. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Dr. J. H. Finfrock, of Laramie City, writes : I believe our law is efficient, although it has never been tested in our higher courts. Several arrests have been made under it, but the parties either left before trial or ceasea to practice. As no attempt has ever been made to repeal the law. I conclude it, is favor- ably received by all classes. Physicians are exempt from jury. duty, and receive ten dollars per day when testifying before a coroner's jury, and thirty dollars tor mating a post mortem examination. ADDEN DA. Medical College of Georgia. Medical Department of the University of Georgia. Augusta. (Pop. 21 891.) Organized in 1829, as a Medical Academy, and has been in constant operation ever since, except during the period of the war. In 1873 it became the Medical Department of the State University.—The faculty embraces two emeritus professors, six professors, six lecturers, a demonstrator and prosector, an assistant demonstrator, and eight dispensary and clinical assistants. Course o? Instruction: One annual graduating course, beginning November 1 and ending March 1—seventeen weeks. Graded course of three terms recommended, but not required.—Lectures embrace obstetrics and diseases of women and children; medical chemistry and pharmacy; surgery and gynecology; anatomy and operative surgery; physiology and pathology: materia medica. therapeutics, and medical jurisprudence; practice and institutes of medicine; skin and venereal diseases; diseases of the eye; throat and ear diseases; physical diagnosis. Requirements : For admission, none.—For graduation: "A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Medicine must have attended two full courses in this, or one in this and one in some other college in good standing. No studentof immoral character will be admitted for examination." Fees: Matriculation (once) $5; tickets of full course, $75; practical anatomy (once) $10; diploma, $30.—Where the graded course of three terms is followed, the usual fees are charged tor the first and second terms, but the third is offered gratuitously. Two students from each Congressional district of the State are admitted gratuitously, and a limited number of beneficiaries are received from South Carolina. Sutdents: No lists of matriculates and graduates have been received. At the com- mencement in 1883, a class of 23 was graduated. Rzmarks: In the last edition of this Directory, it was stated that no reply had been "received to repeated requests for information. College probably extinct." While this edition is going through the press, the fifty-second annual announcement is received, from which tbe foregoing data have been obtained. Northwestern Medical College of St. Joseph. St. Joseph, Mo. At a meeting of the Board of Incorporators of the Northwestern Medical College of St. Joseph, held September 24, 1883, it was unanimously Resolved, That this school be hereafter governed, as to its requirements, by the Schedule furnished and adopted by the Illinois State Board of Health, as "the mini- mum requirements" for the conduct of medical colleges ; and that in future only such applicants as come up to the standard thus established will be admitted to the classes of the Northwestern Medical College. New York Medical College and Hospital for Women, (Homeopathic). New York City. [See New Yoru, page 117.1 Students: Number of matriculates and of graduates at each session reported, and percentages of graduates to matriculates- Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1879-80 29 7 29 + 1880-81 34 5 14.7 1881-82 41 10 24.3 1882-83 42 8 19 + Average percentage of graduates to matriculates during the past four years, twenty. 158 Medical Department of Shaw University. (Leonard Medical ScIiqoI.) Raleigh, N. C. Organized in 1881. For colored students.—The faculty consists of three professors. Course of Instruction: Provision is made for a regular four years'graded course, arranged as follows: First year—anatomy, physiology, and general chemistry. Second year—practical anatomy, medical chemistry, materia medica, pathological anatomy, practice of medicine and surgery. Third year—therapeutics, obstetrics, theory and practice of medicine and surgery. Fourth year—opthalmology, otology, dermatology, syphilis, laryngology, diseases of the nervous system, — of women. — of children, opera- tive surgery, and forensic medicine. The four years' course is not obligatory, but it is recommended, "and no student will receive a degree unless he can pass a satisfactory examination in all the branches pur- sued in the four years' course." Students are divided into four classes, according to the number of years' study; and those who come from other schools "will be classified according to their previous study and medical knowledge." For the benefit of such students as wish to enter upon the study of medicine, and yet lack the required preparation, arrangements are made for a two years' course, prelimi- nary to the regular course. This includes instruction in Latin, botany, physics, zoology, chemistry, physiology, and the use of the microscope. Requirements: For admission, eighteen years of age; preliminary examination "sufficient to show their fitness to enter upon the study of medicine," or certiflcate of "previous standing in school from some principal or president of a reputable institution of learning."—For graduation: satisfactory evidence of good moral character: twenty- one years of age; three years' study of medicine, or attendance on the four years' graded course; two full courses of lectures at some regular medical school, the last at this insti- tution; dissection of the entire cadaver; thesis; satisfactory examination in all branches. Fees: Matriculation (paid annually), $5: five months' course of lectures, $60; ticket for any one branch. $15; graduation fee, $20. Students having paid for three courses at this school are admitted to subsequent courses on payment of matriculation fee only. Students: The class of 1881-82 numbered 3 second-year, and 8 flrst year men—total, 11. One of the second-year men was also a student in the Classical Department of the University, and was graduated at the commencement, May, 1883, with the degree of A.B. —The class of 1882-83 numbered 3 third-year, and 8 second-year men. No graduates. Thus far, all the students are taking the four-year graded course. Remarks: Students are roomed and boarded at the University, the charges being, for room rent, lights and fuel, $2 per month; and for board, $0 per month.—Students of the Medical Department enjoy the benefits of the University library, and the lectures and general exercises of the other departments.—If a candidate for graduation fail to pass, "he may have a second trial, which shall be final; failing in this, his graduation fee shall be returned to him, and he may try again at the next annual examination, after having taken another course of lectures."—There are five regular scholarships, known as the "Leonard Medical Scholarships." open to "needy and meritorious young men;" and five more promised for the session of 1883-84. The announcement, from which the foregoing data have been obtained, was received too late for use in the regular order. See North Carolina, page 124. Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa. Since the summary of this institution was printed, a letter from Dr. Geo. P. Oliver (September 24,1883,) has been received, giving the number of matriculates for 1882-83,—so that the item "Students" (see page 139) should read as follows: Session. Matriculates. Graduates. Percent. 1881-82 31 3 9.6 1882-83 27 10 37.4 Average percentage of graduates to matriculates, during the two years of the exist- ence of this college, twenty-two. Dr. Oliver adds that of the 27 matriculates at the last session, 14 were third-course, 9 were second-course, and 4 were first-course students. 159 IIn addition to the institutions conferring degrees, the following facilities are offered to practitioners and post-graduates:! New York Polyclinic. New York City. Organized in 1882.—Faculty consists of sixteen professors and two adjunct professors, besides which there are thirty-seven assistants to the faculty. Clinics are held daily throughout the year, in diseases of the chest; ---of children; ---of the throat, nose and ear; ---of tbe nervous system; ---of the skin; ---of the eye; in general medicine; surgery: gynecology; and orthopedic surgery. Fees: Except for general and operative surgery, and for diseases of women (which are $25 each), and for diseases of the eye (which is $20), the tickets are $15 for each depart- ment, and are good for six weeks after date of issue. Remarks: This is strictly a school of clinical medicine and surgery. There are no didactic lectures, and none but practitioners are admitted. New York Post-Graduate Medical School. New York City. Organized in 1882.—Faculty consists of eleven professors and six associate professors. Clinics held daily in clinical and operative surgery; diseases of the mind and nervous system—of the eye and ear—of the nose and throat—of the skin, genito-urinary organs and venereal diseases—of women—of children; orthopedic surgery and mechanical the- rapeutics; pathology and general medicine; obstetrics and operative midwifery. Fees: General ticket, for a full course in all the departments, from May 1 to October 1, $50; partial ticket, for any four courses, $20. Remarks: Instruction is entirely clinical. Certificates of attendance are issued for any seven weeks of continuous study. Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine. Philadelphia, Pa. Organized in 1882. Clinical and practical instruction in medical and surgical special- ties, to physicians only, is given during the entire year. In addition to the clinical facili- ties of the college, tbe services of the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Wills, Howard, Orthopedic and Presbyterian hospitals, with which members of the faculty are connected, will be utilized for instruction. Clinical instruction in electro-therapeutics is given, and the laboratories of pathology, microscopy and chemistry are open during the entire year. Fees: "Pupils will have an opportunity of attending the daily clinics from May 28 to September 30, inclusive, for a fee of $20 in each department." College for Medical Practitioners. St. Louis, Mo. Organized in 1882. The objects of this college are to afford medical practitioners, graduates and non-graduates the opportunity of reviewing their collegiate studies and of receiving additional practical instruction in the several specialities of medicine and sur- gery. Three sessions, each of flve weeks' duration, annually. A diploma of associate membership is conferred under the following conditions: 1st. They must have attended a full course of lectures and the clinics of all the depart- ments of this college. 2d. Must be a graduate of some recognized and reputable medical school. 3d. Must apply in their own handwriting for examination. 4th. Must have passed a satisfactory examination in all the branches taught in this college. 5th. And must present to the college a prepared physiological or pathological speci- men (wet or dry), or a cast or drawing, with the name, address and the alma mater of the applicant attached. The fee for this diploma is $25. Persons who are not graduates of any medical college may attend the lectures in this college and may receive a certiflcate of attendance, provided that they present to the college a prepared pathological or physiological specimen (wet or dry) or a drawing. SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS. A.—Summary of Colleges and Students. I.—Colleges. a "1 w o B a> o fed © 5" © ©' n3 k © g En © •si i-i P e ►3 o CO Total no. of colleges accounted for.......,...... 147 134 13 19 18 1 22 22 4 4 14 14 12 12 218 204 14 Total no. of colleges now in existence....................... 99 89 10 12 11 1 13 13 2 2 4 4 __ 130 119 11 Total no. of colleges now extinct............................. 48 45 3 7 9 9 2 2 10 10 12 12 88 85 ------:— in Canada......................................... 3 Total no. of colleges whose diplomas have been present-ed to the Illinois State Board of Health............. 71 65 6 11 11 12 12 4 4 6 6 5 5 109 103 6 Total no. of such colleges heretofore recognized by the 69 63 6 11 11 5 5 85 79 6 Total no. of such colleges heretofore recognized condi-tionally by the Illinois State Board of Health—all in 4 2 3 9 Total no. of such colleges heretofore not recognized by the Illinois State Board of Health—all in the U. S... 2 1 3 2 3 5 16 Total no. of colleges heretofore exacting a preliminary 40 30 10 5 4 1 45 34 11 Total no.»of colleges now exacting a preliminary educa- 65 55 10 11 10 1 6 6 82 71 11 __11 162 Summary oj Colleges and Students—Continued. L—Colleges. © m o 3 © o fed © © ©' k © g to © *d p e & ►3 o p 55" Total no. of colleges which have heretofore required atten-dance on three or more courses of lectures before grad-uation ........................ ............. 20 10 10 2 1 1 22 11 11 ✓ Total no. of colleges now requiring attendance on three 25 15 10 2 1 1 27 16 11 Total no. of colleges recommending, and providing for, but not requiring, three or more courses of lectures 46 7 3 56 Total no. of colleges requiring a thesis as a condition of 43 35 8 4 4 6 6 53 45 8 51 43 8 7 6 1 6 6 64 55 9 Total no. of colleges having chairs of forensic medicine .. 60 50 10 8 7 1 4 4 72 61 11 5 4 1 2 1 1 7 5 2 19 7 7 2 35 2 2 Total no. of colleges for both white and colored students. 1 1 163 Summary of Colleges and Students—Continued. II.—Students. Total no. of matriculates—session of 1882-3.................. --------in the United States.................................. -------in Canada............................................ Total no. of graduates—session of 1882-3..................... -------in the United States.................................. -------in Canada............................................. Percentages of graduates to matriculates.................... ----in the United States...................................... ----in Canada.................................................. Highest percent, of graduates, by States—in the U. S....... --------------in Canada.................................... Lowest percent, of graduates, by States—in the U. S........ ------------- in Canada .................................... Highest percent, of graduates, by individual colleges—U. S -------------in Canada..................................... Lowest percent, of graduates, by individual colleges—U. S.. -------------in Canada...................................... S3 [ S 10,412 9,764 648 1,204 1,204 12,502 11,854 648 3,413 3,249 164 437 437 4,143 3,979 164 32.7 33.2 25.4 36.2 36.2 32.7 32.7 37.1 37.1 33.1 33.5 25.4 44.4 23- 43.5 58.3 42.3 12.5 7.3 26. 28.4 33.3 50.9 58.3 42.3 5.2 7+ 28.2 33. III.—Duration of Lecture Terms. Weeks. Schools. 35 34 30 28 26 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 6 4 2 1 12 9 3 1 2 7 7 4 28 10 3 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 9 1 40 1 1 8 ••••I----11 3 2 Totals........................... 11 7 4 2 1 27 9 6 4 164 B.—Analysis of Colleges and Students. 1. Colleges—Existing and Extinct—in each State, by Schools of Practice. States. Status. Sd © IS C P a o B © o fed © ST © ©' k © g en' © *4 P o K 5T United States............................ Existing.. Extinct... 89 45 11 7 13 9 2 2 4 10 12 119 85 Totals.................. 134 18 22 4 14 12 204 Existing.. Extinct... 10 3 1 11 Canada................... 3 Totals ................ 13 1 14 Totals both countries.................. Existing.. Extinct... 99 48 12 7 13 9 2 2 4 10 12 130 88 Totals.................... 147 19 22 4 14 12 218 Existing.. Extinct... 1 1 1 Alabama................................'.. 1 Totals................................ 2 2 Existing.. 1 1 Totals................................ 1 1 Existing.. 2 1 3 Totals................................ 2 1 3 Existing.. Extinct... 2 2 Totals......'.......................... 2 2 Existing.. Extinct... 1 1 --- Totals................................ 1 1 Existing.. Extinct... 3 3 Totals................................ 3 Existing.. 1 1 Florida.................................... Extinct... Totals................................ 1 1 Existing.. Extinct... 3 2 2 1 5 2 5 Totals................................ I a 2 10 Existing.. Extinct... 1 i i 8 3 ..... Totals.............................. I 2 i 11 i 165 Analysis of Colleges and Students—Continued. States. Status. © P p" W o B © p © ©" o ©' © P. g © *d -! P P; i-3 o p Existing.. Extinct... 4 2 2 1 7 Indiana................................... 1 3 Totals..................... ..... 6 2 1 1 10 Existing.. 3 l 1 Totals................................. 3 l 1 5 Existing.. Extinct... 1 1 Kansas.................................... Totals................................. 1 1 Existing.. Extinct... 4 2 4 2 Totals............................ 6 6 Existing.. Extinct... 1 4 1 4 Totals ................................ 5 5 Existing.. Extinct... 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 4 Existing.. Extinct... 5 1 5 1 Totals ........................ 6 6 Existing.. Extinct... 2 2 l 3 l 4 7 Totals. .................... 4 2 4 10 Existing.. 3 1 1 4 1 3 2 5 Existing.. Extinct... 1 1 1 1 1 i 2 2 S 3 Existing.. Extinct... 1 3 2 12 1 1 8 12 4 2 1 1 •20 Existing.. 2 * 2 2 2 166 Analysis of Colleges and Students—Continued. States. Status. © re 1 © p fed © ST © a' er © P- s o <-t p c & 1-3 o p en Existing.. 1 1 1 1 Totals............. 1 1 2 New Jersey................... 2 2 Totals................ 2 2 New York................................. Existing.. Extinct... 9 9 2 2 2 1 1 3 14 15 Totals................................. 18 2 4 2 3 29 Existing.. 2 . 2 1 1 2 1 3 Ohio...................................... Existing.. Extinct... 9 3 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 14 10 Totals............................. 12 3 4 3 1 1 24 Existing.. Extinct... 1 1 Totals................................. 1 1 Existing. Extinct... 4 4 1 1 5 Pennsylvania............................ 3 1 9 Totals................................. 8 2 3 1 14 Existing.. Rhode Island............................. Extinct... 1 1 Totals................................. 1 1 Existing.. Extinct... 1 2 1 '..'.'.'.'.::. 2 Totals................................. 3 g Existing.. Extinct... 4 1. 4 1 Totals................................. 5 1 Existing.. Extinct... 1 1 ---- ---- Totals................................. 1 1 1 ---- 1 1 167 Analysis of Colleges and Students—Continued. States. Status. Sd © TO d ri 1 © o fed © © © © f © & en © © <-i P P & ►3 o p 5T Existing.. Extinct... 1 2 1 Vermont............. 2 Totals................. ........ 3 3 Existing.. Extinct... 2 1 2 ^ irginia.................. 1 Totals........................ 3 3 Wisconsin......-.......................... 1 1 Totals...................... 1 1 Totals......... ...... 134 18' 22 1 4 14 12 204 168 Analysis of Colleges and Students—Continued. II.— Matriculates and Graduates in each State—1877-78 to 1882-83, inclusive. Schools. Classes. Sessions. o p en States. 00 -J 00 00 -.1 00 to 00 174 Geographical Distribution of Physicians and Students. The following tables are compiled from information and data obtained through an extensive correspondence, carried on during the preparation of the preceding pages. Some of the data were received too late for use in their proper places; consequently, the figures in these tables are more complete than those given in the text, and in the Sum- mary and Analysis. A.—Distribution of Physicians and Students, by States, and their Proportion to Population. States. Popula- tion.* Physicians. o Prop. P to pop. P One to— Students. Prop. to pop. One to— Alabama............. Arizona.............. Arkansas............. California............ Canada.............. Colorado............. Connecticut.......... Dakota................ Delaware............. District of Columbia Florida............... Georgia........'...... Idaho................. Illinois............... Indiana.............. Iowa.................. Kansas............... Kentucky ............ Louisiana............ Maine ................ 1,262,505 1,552 40,440 71 802,525 1,892 864,694 1,851 4,099,807 3,487 191,327 570 537,554 952 135,177 212 146,608 217 177,624 423 269,493 374 1,542,180 1,995 32,610 51 3,331,644 5,716 1,978,301 4,993 1,624,615 3,035 996,096 1,964 1,648,690 2,985 939,946 1,033 648,936 969 813 570 424 467 1,112 341 575 642 675 419 720 770 640 582 396 535 507 551 909 670 178 3 125 196 1,022 50 160 23 28 103 21 350 2 840 587 459 138 442 176 187 7,081 13,480 6,420 4,411 4,010 5,826 3,359 5,877 5,236 1,724 12,833 4,406 16,305 3,847 3,353 3,539 7,218 3,730 5,340 3,416 170 1 118 160 997 44 121 15 22 103 15 279 2 598 469 369 103 423 169 140 175 Geographical Distribution—Continued. States. Maryland.............. Massachusetts......... Michigan............... Minnesota........___ Mississippi............. Missouri................ Montana............... Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire........ New Jersey............. New Mexico............ New York............... North Carolina......... Ohio..................... Oregon.................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... South Carolina.......... Tennessee.............. Texas.................... Utah..................... Vermont................. Virginia................. Washington Ter....... West Virginia........... Wisconsin............... Wyoming................ Totals................ Average proportions. Popula- tion.* Physicans. 934,943 1,783,085 1,639,937 750,473 i, 131,597 2,168,380 39,159 452,402 62,266 346,991 1,131,116 119,565 5,082,871 1,399,750 3,198,062 174,678 4,282.891 276,531 995,577 1,542,359 1,592,574 143,963 332,286 1,512,565 75,120 618,457 1,315,947 20,789 54,381,746 2,845 2,845 2,924 914 1,682 4,550 77 878 134 610 1,595 80 9,272 1,360 6,393 495 7,042 396 919 2, 3,003 139 659 1, 152 939 1,549 30 60,410 Prop. to pop, One to- 329 023 560 854 673 476 508 521 464 567 709 1,494 548 1,029 502 353 608 698 1, 574 530 1,035 904 706 494 658 849 693 Students. 900 Prop. to pop. © TO P P One to- 191 459 414 148 128 531 5 72 2 105 249 13 1,575 181 897 55 1,085 61 127 292 269 11 10 229 13 138 276 1 112,813 4,894 3, 3,953 5,070 8,840 4,064 7.831 6,283 31,133 3,304 4,542 9,166 3,220 7.733 3,565 3,177 3,947 4,533 7, 5,282 5,920 13,08 3,105 6,164 5,778 4,409 4,766 20,789 174 376 320 110 122 505 2 64 1 85 205 4 :,258 174 753 50 944 52 122 282 252 11 87 224 8 130 190 4,245 10,828 32 10 186 1,173 756 ♦Figures of population and numbers of physicians are those given in the United States census of 1880, where not otherwise specified in the text—which see. t This does not include 155 regular, 10 homeopathic, and 4 eclectic students, ^rom for- eign countries—who swell the total of students in attendance, session of 1882-83, to 12.982. B._Distribution of Students attending the Session of 1882-83—by Colleges and States. Colleges—Regular. Students in Attendance from each State. Ala —Med. Coll., of Ala...... Ark.— Med. Dept., Ind'l Univ. Cal.—Cooper Med. Coll....... Univ. of Cal., Med. Coll. Can — Halifax Melfcjoll....................... Toronto School of Med................ Trinity Med. School................... Royal Coll. of Phys. and Surg's..... Med. Dept., Western Univ............ Med. Dept, McGill Univ............... Ecole de Med. et Chir.................. Med. Dept., Laval Univ............... Bishop's Coll. Univ., Faculty of Med. Col.—Med. Dept., Univ. of Denver........... Conn.- Med. Dept., Yale Coll................. D. C—National Med. Coll................. Med. Dept, Univ. of Georgetown. Med. Dept, Howard Univ......... Ga.— Med. Coll. of Ga..... Atlanta Med. Coll. .. Southern Med. Coll. 35 29 40 86 205 46 15 169 125 116 32 24 OS Ill— Rush Med. Coll........... Chicago Med. Coll........ Woman's Med. Coll...... Coll. of Phys. and Surg's. Quincy Coll. of Med..... ilND. IA- Kas. Ky- Med. Coll. of Evansville............ Med, Coll. of Indiana............... Central Coll. of Phvs. and Burg's. Ft. Wayne Coll. of Med..........., 245 79 31 Coll. of Phys. and Surg's, Keokuk. Med. Dept, State Univ............. Coll. of Phys. and Surg's of Iowa.. -Med. Dept, Univ. of Kansas....... Med. Dept., Univ. of Louisville. Kentucky School of Mod...... Louisville Med. Coll........... Hosp. Coll. Of Med............. La.— Med. Dept, Univ. of La. Me.— Med. School of Me., at Bowdoin Coll. Md.— School of Med., Univ. of Md......... Coll. of Phys. and Surg's.............. Baltimore Med. Coll.................. Woman's Med. Coll. of Baltimore___ MASS.-Med. Dept., Harvard Univ. Coll. of Phys. and Surg's.. Mich.-Dept. of Med. and Surg'y, Univ. of Mich. Detroit Med. Coll........................, Michigan Coll. of Med..................... MiNN.-Minnesota College Hosp. Mo.— Missouri Med. Coll....................... St. Louis Med. Coll....................... Med. School, Univ. State of Mo......... Kansas City Med. Coll................... St. Louis Coll. of Phys. and Surg's...... Joplin Coll. of Phys. and Surg's......... Northwestern Med. Coll. of St. Joseph. Med. Dept, Univ. of Kansas City....... St. Joseph Med. Coll..................... Neb.—Omaha Med. Coll......................... 16 B.—Distribution of Students by Colleges and States.—Continued. Students in Attendance from each State. Colleges—Regular. > p cr p B p > 5' o P p > p D to P CO Q P t-h O >-t P P Q P P p P p a o o i-i P P O a o p p © © ©' p b p FT O P b © p p 1 © b to' a o p B p' 2 5" p Q © o <-i 2. p p P" o 3' D P & P P P P p P P (-3 a o p N. H.—Med. Dept, Dartmouth Coll.................. 20 8 1 20 11 1 10 1 2 2 34 1 26 1 3 7 3 1 8 1 2 N. Y—Coll. of Phys. and Surg's, City of New York.. 1 2 2 1 g Albany Med. Coll............................. Med. Dept, Univ., City of New York.......... 4 1 1 ...... 1 3 3 1 3 Med. Dept, Univ. of Buffalo................... Long Island Coll. Hosp....................... 1 9 1 3 12 1 15 Bellevue Hosp. Med. Coll..................... 2 6 4 1 17 Woman's Med. Coll., New York Infirmary ... Coll. of Med., Syracuse Univ................ N. C—Med. Dept, Shaw Univ........................ 2 4 0— Med. Coll. of Ohio.................... 4 1 1 1 2 49 3 1 16 16 1 Med. Dept, Western Reserve Univ....... Cin'ti Coll. of Med. and Surg'y............... 1 1 3 ..... 5 7 2 Miami Med. ColL ................. 4 1 1 1 1 Med. Dept, Univ. of Wooster......... Columbus Med. Coll.............. Toledo Med. Coll............ Or— Med. Dept, Willamette Univ................. Pa.— Dept. of Med., Univ. of Pa....... 2 5 1 1 1 4 2 5 5 2 3 2 17 2 5 2 7 •2 Jefferson Med, Coll........... 15 3 1 14 2 5 1 Woman's Med. Coll. of Pa........ Medico-Chir Coll of Phila S. C.-Med. Coll,, State of S. C....................... 2 1 00 Tenn.-Med. Dept.. Univ.. Nashv. and Vanderbilt... Nashville Med. Coll........................... Moharry Med. Dept., Cont'l Tenn. Univ. . . 31 13 3 3 13 3 1 14 10 6 4 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 Va.— Med. Dept., Univ. of Virginia.................. Mod. Coll. of Virginia........................... 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 Total no. students from each State, 1882-83....... 170 1 118 160 997 44 121 15 22 103 15 279 2 598 469 3 369 B.—Distribution of Students by Colleges and States.—Continued. Students in Attendance from each State. Colleges—Rcgu lar. W p p to p to © p p © F" o P to P P P g 3" © g p P P P g p to to p © p-p to © to g © p-«$' p p g P P © to O P g to to to' to g to to o p 1-! g o p p p p 1 © cr i-i p to er p 1 © < p p p © W P B © 2i © © 1-1 to © i2| © 33 g © ©' p © 33 K o i-i 9? Ala.—Med. Coll. of Ala..................... 6 3 1 1 1 Can.—Halifax Med. Coll........................ 1 1 Med. Dept., McGill Univ..................... 2 -^. 4 3 Ecole de Med. et Chir......................... Med. Dept, Laval Univ...................... 1 1 1 Bishops Coll. Univ., Faculty of Med........ Col.—Med. Dept, Univ. of Denver................. 1 2 CoNN.-Med. Dept of Yale Coll........................ 2 4 3 D. C—National Med. Coll........................... M 1 5 2 6 n 1 4 6 Med. Dept., Univ. of Georgetown........... ............ 3 Med. Dept., Howard Univ.................... 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 9 Ga- Med. Coll. of Ga............................... 1 1 2 Atlanta Med. Coll............................. Southern Med. Coll........................... 3 00 o III.— Rush Med. Coll............................ 13 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 13 1 3 1 13____ 17 7 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 Chicago Med. Coll................. 1 1 1 3 7 1 1 3 1 Ind Med Coll of Evansville..... 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 7 1 3 1 2 4 18 2 2 7 2 7 1 1 3 1 85 32 32 40 5 2 2 3 121 1 1 8 9 29 2 24 7 8 7 1 1 1 1 1 % 1 79 77 33 15 11 1 4 1 1 3 1 3 5 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 3 2 1 17 5 1 1 1 3 2 3 167 26 7 1 2 2 13 4 6 MieH.-Dept. of Med..and Surg'y, Univ. of Mich. ... 4 1 179 42 35 2 7 8 3 3 1 43 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 3 2 124 84 22 18 18 26 14 15 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 Kansas City'Med. Coll....................... St. Louis Coll. of Phys. and Surg's.......... 12 4 4 5 10 2 1 1 i 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 25 Northwestern Med, Coll. of St. Joseph..... 1 St. JosephMed. Coll......................... 1 t \ V B.—Distribution of Students by Colleges and States—Continued. Students in Attendance from each State. Colleges—Regular. W p . p to p to © P P a pr F o P to' P P P g p 3 © g P i-i "<_ P P P g p to to p o p-p to © r+ c+ en g « P-TO P P g p" P © to O P g to to to' co_ g to to o p l-i_ g o P p p p © c 11 p to [*r p 04 © < p p p 04 © a p B ►l" © 33 © 1-1 to © •< © 53 g © o" p 2J © 33 Kj O i-l N. H—Med. Dept, Dartmouth Coll................ 7 ; 6 2 15 24 9 27 1 8 25 5 34 7 1 7 1 300 N. Y.-Coll. of Phys. and Surg's, City of N. Y...... Albany Med. Coll............................ ...... 6 2 2 7 1 5 1 55 Med. Dept, Univ., City of New York........ Med. Dept, Univ. of Buffalo............... 1 2 . 7 1 2 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 31 261 152 95 109 Long Island Coll. Hosp.................. 3 8 2 8 1 33 4 4 1 4 16 5 Bellevue Hosp. Med, Coll.................... 2 8 1 3 3 1 Woman's Med. Coll., N. Y. Infirmary........ 1 N. C.-Med. Dept, Shaw Univ...............\...... 1 42 1 1 1 42 0.- Med. Coll. of Ohio ........ Med. Dept, Western Reserve Univ......... Stalling Med. Coll....... 2 2 1 ...... 5 1 1 2 Cin ti Coll. of Med. and Surg'y . .. Miami Med. Coll. . Med. Dept, Univ. of Wooster....... ... Columbus Med. Coll. . 1 .....i 12 7 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 .::::: ------ :::::: :::::: ...... Toledo Med. Coll............................ Or— Med. Dept, Willamette Univ. . ...... ...... ...... 3 Pa— Dept. of Med., Univ. of Pa..... Jefferson Med. Coll..... 2 2 2 6 5 6 1 9 17 5 3 1 1 4 1 i 12 2 i 31 38 3 3 17 Woman's Med. Coll. of Pa. Medico-Chir. Coll. of Phila. . 2 2 10 11 S. C— Med. Coll., State of S. C. .. r> •- Tenn. Mod. Dopt,Univ. Nashv. and Vanderbilt. Nashville Mod. Coll....................... Moharrv Med, Dopt., Cont'l Tenn. Univ. Memphis Hosp. Med. Coll............... Vt.— Med. Dept, Univ. of Vermont............ Va.— Med. Dept, Univ. of Virginia............ Med. Coll. of Virginia..................... Total no. students from each State, 1882-83 , 169 140 174 376 320 110 122 505 205 1,258 00 CD B.—Distribution of Students by Colleges and States—Continued. Students in Attendance from each State. o Colleges— Regit lar. m o 1-1 p 1-1 o p" p O 5' o i-i © IKS O P © P P to ^ P P P W p-o p © M to P P P oo o d c+ p* o p ►1 o B" p © P P © to to © © -3 © =0 XI 0 p p- © 1-1 B o p 3 i-i' 12. p p 3 p w p; o p © 3 © to 12 ..... ...... 3 1 Med. Dept, Univ. of Buffalo.................... 2 9 5 39 5 2 2 13 Bellevue Hosp. Med. Coll.................-...... 5 12 7 9 6 3 1 1 Woman's Med. Coll., New York Infirmary. ... N. C—Med. Dept, Shaw Univ.......................... 2 1 1 3 1 1 7 2 4 0— Med. Coll of Ohio................................ 156 105 44 36 67 42 103 17 1 1 25 2 45 2 6 10 10 6 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 i 1 3 2 2 10 1 8 20 13 1 214 318 1 2 4 17 3 1 4 1 9 7 6 1 2 10 2 3 18 17 4 3 i 2 1 1 30 S. C— Med. Coll., State of S. C......................... 3 54 1 TENN.-Med. Dopt. Univ., Nashv. and Vanderbilt Nashville Med. Coll......................... Moharry Med. Dopt., Cont'l Tenn. Univ. ... Memphis Hosp. Med. Coll.........-......... Vt— Med. Dept., Univ. of Vermont......... Va— Med. Dept., Univ. of Virginia.......... Mod. Coll. of Virginia................... Total no. students from each State, 1882-8 753 50 944 52 106 62 13 40 122 28: 252 219 133 30 96 10,983 B.—Distribution of Students by Colleges and States—Continued. Students in Attendance from each State. Colleges—Homeopathic. > p cr p B p > 1-1 N O P P > i-l P P w p to O p o i-i g_ p O P P P P p a o o 11 p p o O o p p © © ©' p b p K o p b © p :33 P >-l © 3 o P P © o >-! 12. F —( 3' 0 !o' h-1 P P P P p o p 3 It © P P © •< f o p_ Ul P P P g © g p i-i p1 p p g p to to p n p-P re © to g ©' P-K' p P g p' P © to o P g Ed to Z' to 5' H. g Ed' to o p 1-1 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 86 64 14 7 1 25 7 32 10 2 3 "2 4 [ 28 13 7 1 6 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 8 1 10 2 6 57 3 2 1 2 5 2 26 1 Mo Horn Med Coll of Mo. 6 2 l 21 N Y New York Horn Med Coll 1 1 17 1 1 1 7 1 1 4 2 1 5 3 2 1 5 23 4 2 ., Pulte Med. Coll. . 2 2 2 7 1 3 160 4 2 .... 6 14 1 3 72 1 6 6 1 1 2 16 4 26 4 1 28 73 16 12 1 67 22 l 34 B.—Distribution of Students by Colleges and States.—Continued. Colleges—Homeopathic. Can.— Woman's Med. Coll.......*......... III.— Hahnemann Mod. Coll. and Hosp. Chicago Horn. Med. Coll............ Ia.— Horn. Med. Dept, State Univ. Mass.—Boston Univ. School of Med. .. Mich—Horn. Med. Coll., Univ. of Mich. Mo— Horn. Med. Coll. of Mo.......... Students in Attendance from each State. N. Y —New York Horn. Med. Coll................... New York Med. Coll. and Hosp. for Women O.— Homeo. Hosp. Coll............................ PulteMed. Coll................................ Pa.— Hahnemann Med. Coll.................. Total no. students from each State, 1882-83. 2 41 12 64 297 125 114 58 37 144 41 108 75 143 1183 1-^ 00 «3 B.—Distribution oj Students by Colleges and States—Continued. Students in Attendance from each Satte. Colleges—Eclectic. > p c p B p > 5' o p p > i-i pr p p to p to c p o 1-! j3 p C P P P P P © o 1-1 p p o Q o p p © © ©' P' erf b p s*r o p b © p 33 p 1-1 © 2 o 1-1 s p » o M 12. p M B" h-1 P P P P P —i 0 5» W P P to P to © p p o PT b o P_ 5' p p p g p p" © g p i-i M_ p P P g p to to p © cr P to © to g © P-ckT p p g P P © to o p *g to' to to' to S' "2. g to to o p 1-1 25 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 16 50 1 2 Georgia Eel. Med. Coll......................... 2 2 3 49 12 20 17 10 6 1 17 9 1 2 2 1 8 1 1 2 22 2 1 1 1 2 15 3 1 5 .... 30 N. Y— Eclectic Med. Coll., City of New York......... 6 6 1 13 3 3 7 1 1 11 United States Med. Coll........................ 1 29 2 5 9 2 1 24 1 8 27 0.— Eclectic Med. Inst............................. 1 7 1 4 5 1 4 .... 1 6 5 71 11 76 22 74 5 16 6 19 7 7 4 6 1 16 2 ' 5 4 42 Total no. students from each State, 1882-83...... Colleges— Physio-Medical. Students in Attendance from each State. Ind.—Physio-Med. Coll. of Indiana................... 1 6 16 6 1 2 1 Total no. students from each State, 1882-83....... 22; 1 1 1 B.—Distribution of Students by Colleges and States—Continued. Students in Attendance from each State. Colleges—Eclectic. g o p p p p 04 © *i P to p 2) < a a, 5= 04 © 33 W p B ■3 to_ © © 53 © to © •4 © 3j g © b. ©' o 04 © o 7t 04 p c p © P C ST 5" c i-i « o p b © p p to p p p' W P-o p © M to P P P p O P i-i o 5" P © P P © to to © © ►3 © p © i-i B o p ■< 12. o\ p" 3 P to B" n b" © 3 © to < ►l' 12 p F 3 to © O P to p 3 o B p" IKS •si o i-i ®. TO P ■3 0 1 1 1 31 1 2 A3 2 3 .... 1 67 2 6 3 4 6 14 146 Ind.—Indiana Eel. Med. Coll............................. 29 21 7 1 34 Mo.— American Med. Coll................................ 3 1 2 1 29 43 5 1 1 1 1 4 70 N. Y— Eclectic Med. Coll., City of New York.............. 7 5 .... 87 31 10 131 2 2 1 1 6 2 8 16 1 1 2 1 6 1 8 127 United States Med. Coll............................. 54 0.— Eclectic Med. Inst................................. 1 1 2 4 4 8 4 12 1 2 l 3 4 2 16 1 1 158 Total no. students from each State, 1882-83 ........... 3 9 7 12 .... 760 Colleges—P%.s to- Medical. 3 15 18 21 __ 1 1 1 1 __ 1 1 2 2 35 Total no students from each State 1882-83 56 ERRATA. Arkansas, p. 11—Medical Department, Arkansas Industrial University, graduates, session of 1882-83, read 4, instead of 32. Florida, p. 48—Medical Department of Florida University, organized in 1883, instead of 1853. Illinois, p. 59—Chicago Medical College, percentage of graduates to matriculates, session of 1880-81, read 29.6, instead of 32.2. Indiana, p. 67—Beach Medical College, add Eclectic. Iowa, p. 70—Iowa Medical College read session, September, 1882, to January, 1883, instead of June, 1883. Maryland, p. 81—School of Medicine of the University of Maryland, percentage of gradu- ates to matriculates, session of 1879-80, read 38+, instead of 48+. P. 82—Woman's Medi- cal College of Baltimore, number of graduates, session of 1882-83, one. Minnesota, p. 91—Minnesota College Hospital, duration of lecture term, twenty weeks, instead of nineteen. New York. p. 113—Albany Medical College, three-year graded course required. P. 117—New York Medical College and Hospital for Women, add Homeopathic. P. 119—United States Medical College, (Eclectic,) duration of lecture term, twenty weeks. Ohio, p. 128—Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, organized in 1849, instead of 1879. No information has been received concerning the Hospital Medical College at Evans- ville, Ind.. organized in 1882. 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