:ONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLfl Q007Mflm fi SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE LIBRARY. Section K,„8. No.2M.^.f0 2 W.D.S. G.O / Copyright, 1922, by ROBERT J. CARLISLE. M.D. frets of Edcai Pbintinc & Stitconmt Co.. Inc. 60 West 39th Street, New York «!3 Nurses' Hcs-iiU-nc BELLEVUE HOSPITAL IN 1920 A and B Pavilions 26th Sln-ct Piir I'HUTUUHAPH BY U. S. AH J IV AIR SEHVIf.E 1 an, Pa\il K iuns Pathological Pavilion L and M PasilioiiK '(Uu -mJ A SEVEN YEARS' RECORD OF The Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital 1915 to 1921 BEING THE YEAR-BOOK Memorials of Those Who Died in the Great War Written and Compiled by ROBERT J. CARLISLE Published by The Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital New York 1922 V -;$& '■■■>• z y-Jfuo |<5)'2.'2- CONTENTS PACE PREFACE..................................................................... x SUPERSCRIPTION _____...................................................... 1 COMMEMORATION............................................................ 2 HERBERT JONES ...................._....................................... 3 HAROLD SYDNEY MORGAN ...............___............................... S MORRIS JACOB KARPAS ..............................................,____ 9 DAVID EVERETT WHEELER ................__..............................12 RAE WYGANT WHIDDEN ........._______.................................17 ROBERT GOLDTHWAITE...................................................— 20 JOHN EDWIN RAY............................................................22 THEODORE FLETCHER MEAD _______..................................... 27 JOSEPH BIDLEMAN BISSELL...........................................___32 WILLIAM CRAWFORD GORGAS _____........................__........... 34 JESSE WILLIAM LAZEAR ____.......................................____34 JOHN BERNARD VOOR _________.......___.............................40 JANE ARMINDA DELANO ...............................................___42 CARRIE JANE BRINK ..........................................—........... 46 EVA EMMONS...................................................________48 GRACE McBRIDE.......___....................................-.......___49 KATHLEEN ELIZABETH SYMMES ___......................................51 THE BELLEVUE UNIT ____.....___........_______......_____........53 OBITUARY ______.............___...........................................61 SIR WILLIAM OSLER, BT....................________..................... 65 WALDRON BURRITT VANDERPOEL ......____________..................67 ABRAM ALEXANDER SMITH........................................______67 CHARLES CLIFFORD BARROWS..................................___......68 WISNER ROBINSON TOWNSEND _____................._____.............68 SOLOMON CARRINGTON MINOR _____..................................... 69 JULIUS HAYDEN WOODWARD ____________................_________69 HENRY SELDEN NORRIS....................................................70 THOMAS JOSEPH DUNN....................__..............................70 FRED MILLER CORWIN ___................................................70 WILLIAM BANCROFT ANDERTON...........................................71 JOHN M. FARRINGTON .......___.................................___......71 AUGUSTUS ABRAHAM ROSENBLOOM ___............___.........._____71 CHARLES YOUNG ________............................................__71 HENRY FREEMAN WALKER.............................................___72 WILLIAM CONNER SHAW...................................................72 AMI JACQUES MAGNIN _____...........................___...............72 WILLIAM MECKLENBERG POLK............................................73 LOUIS HERMAN AUGUST SCHNEIDER___................................... 74 JOHN WARREN____..........................................................74 ROBERT SAMUEL TOPPING ...............................................__74 GEORGE WILLIAM THOMSON ......................................._____75 FRANK WATSON JACKSON ________......................i...............75 TIMOTHY MATLACK CHEESMAN..........................................76 JOHN WAITE MITCHELL .................................................... 76 CONTENTS—Continued PAGE RICHARD EWELL BROWN..............................................___76 FLOYD MILFORD CRANDALL ________.....................___............ 77 ROBERT COLEMAN JAMES .....____.......................................77 ROBERT WILLIAMS CARTER _____..............,_________________78 OLIVER THOMPSON HYDE.................................................. 79 DANIEL RUSSELL PHILLIPS........................................._____79 JOHN WILLIAM SEVERIN GOULEY ___....................................79 SILAS PIERSON LEVERIDGE ................................_______.....80 HARRY MITCHELL SHERMAN.........._______________..............81 RICHARD KALISH _______.....___........................................ 81 HENRY HERMAN ....._____.............................._____________82 CHARLES ELIHU QUIMBY _________......_____........................82 CHRONICLES __________....._____.......................................85 THOSE WHO DIED WHILE ON DUTY IN THE HOSPITAL................-101 THE YEARLY RECORDS..................................................—108 THE YEAR 1915...............______........................__...........110 THE YEAR 1916 _______.....____.........................................119 THE YEAR 1917 .......______.........................................___126 THE YEAR 1918 .....________________..................................134 THE YEAR 1919........................................................____138 THE YEAR 1920 .........______________.......________......._____143 THE YEAR 1921......___...................................................149 PRIZES AND AWARDS...................................................___163 THE ANNUAL MEETINGS AND REUNIONS................................—165 ROLL OF MEMBERS ____...................................................167 HONORARY MEMBERS ___..........................................._____168 EMERITUS MEMBERS...................___.........................._____170 RESIDENT ACTIVE MEMBERS...............................................172 NONRESIDENT ACTIVE MEMBERS..........................................216 PERMANENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.............................________233 NONRESIDENT PERMANENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS _______________238 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS..............................................„_.......239 SUMMARY _____......................___.......________................243 GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX......................................._.......____245 DEATH ROLL ______......................................................JM9 FOUNDERS AND FORMER OFFICERS....................................___265 OFFICERS AND STANDING COMMITTEES FOR 1922 .......................J270 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS..............................................271 CONSTITUTION..............................................................J72 BY-LAWS ______............................................................276 viii ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE BELLEVUE HOSPITAL IN 1920 ____________________.......______Frontispiece Taken expressly for the society by the Photographic Department, U. S. Air Service at Mitchell Field. HERBERT JONES _____.................______...............—Facing page 3 HAROLD SYDNEY MORGAN.........................................___...... 5 MORRIS JACOB KARPAS _______________............_____.............— 9 DAVID EVERETT WHEELER..........._________......______..............12 RAE WYGANT WHIDDEN ............______________................______17 ROBERT GOLDTHWAITE _______________............._________________20 JOHN EDWIN RAY.............___________....................____.......22 THEODORE FLETCHER MEAD ____________....._____________.........— 27 JOSEPH BIDLEMAN BISSELL ______........_________....................— 32 WILLIAM CRAWFORD GORGAS ____............_____.........__________34 From a photograph of the picture by Alexander P. James in the library of the Surgeon General's Office. JESSE WILLIAM LAZEAR........______.................................... 36 Reproduced by permission of Prof. Howard A. Kelly from his book, "Walter Reed and Yellow Fever." JOHN BERNARD VOOR ___________......_____.........._____............40 JANE ARMINDA DELANO __________________..............________......- 42 CARRIE JANE BRINK ____________.............____................._____46 GRACE McBRIDE ________..................___......___.....___________49 KATHLEEN ELIZABETH SYMMES ___...............___.......___.......— 51 WILLIAM OSLER......................................._________________65 From a photograph in the library of the New York Academy of Medicine. ANNO AETATIS 107.................____________..........................89 IX PREFACE For many years prior to 1915 it was the custom of this society to issue a Year-Book for the information and convenience of the members. This practice was interrupted in that year for reasons appertaining to the war which it is necessary merely to mention. In resuming the custom this book must cover the changes and events of the seven memorable years that have intervened. These changes and events have been so many and so extraordinary, and have affected the members so deeply that it is the wish of the so- ciety to have a record of them and to make the book besides, so far as it may be made, a memorial to those who lost their lives in the Great War. It is not intended that it should magnify nor glorify the part played by Bellevue men, nor Bellevue women neither, but to set down the record, mindful at the same time of the achieve- ments and superb heroism of others in this war. It is due to those who have communicated some of the facts, to say that they are in no way responsible for the way in which these facts are presented; they have not been consulted in this regard; and it is deeply appreciated how far short of the adequate the presentation is. But the facts themselves are eloquent and so the attempt has been made to place them, as far as possible, in relation to concurrent events. In doing this the following books have been used: "A History of the Great War," by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, vols. V and VI, and "The History of the A. E. F.", by Captain Shipley Thomas, both published in 1920 by The George H. Doran Company who kindly gave permission to quote therefrom; "Canada at War," by J. Castell Hopkins, and published by the same house, has been read, and also "The Panama Canal," by Frederic J. Haskin, Doubleday, Page & Co. We are specially indebted to Professor Howard A. Kelly for his notable book, "Walter Reed and Yellow Fever" and for his cordial consent to make free use of the book and to reproduce the portrait of Doctor Lazear, as well. Major Harold M. Hays's "Cheerio" has been a great help; it is the story of an American medical officer on the British front; "The American Red Cross in the Great War," by the late Henry P. Davison is a fine account of the American Red Cross work. Our acknowledgments are made to these and our thanks for the courtesy extended to quote from them. Numerous newspaper obituary sketches have given valuable clues and have suggested lines of inquiry of relatives and intimate friends to whom we gratefully acknowledge our indebtedness. Among these are ex-Lieut.-Col. Newell, ex-Lieut.- Col. Sanger Brown, II. Lieut.-Col. Austin of the 104th F. A. and x preface Miss Clara D. Noyes, Director General of the Nursing Service, American Red Cross, whose names appear in the text, and Miss Lucy Minnigerode, Bellevue '98, who is Superintendent of Nurses of the U. S. Public Health Service. Doctor Robert P. Wadhams, ex-Lieut.-Col., M. C, 27th Division, A.E.F., Miss Mary L. Slayton, of Bellevue '82 and Mrs. Freda K. Archer of Watkins, N. Y.. an intimate friend of Miss Delano. Besides these, the officials of the Training School, Miss De Long and Miss Allen, have helped in innumerable ways. Doctor Menas S. Gregory and Doctor M. L. Thornton and the staff of Doctor O'Hanlon's office have assisted materially. We cannot adequately express our appreciation of the courtesy and good-will shown to Bellevue by the officers of the U. S. Aviation service at Mitchell Field and the trouble they took in getting the photograph which is reproduced as the frontispiece; to Major Moose, the commanding officer of Mitchell Field, Major Bauer in command of the Medical Research Laboratory and Captain John B. Power, M.C., formerly House Physician on the First Division of Bellevue, now at Mitchell Field we extend our thanks for this great favor. Through the good offices of Lieut.-Col. William S. Terriberry, we obtained the photograph of the portrait of Surgeon General Gorgas and the statement that Brigadier General Noble thinks this the very best likeness that he has seen; it shows General Gorgas as he looked just prior to his retirement. All those of Bellevue who died in the war are recorded here. There are no available data concerning all Bellevue men who served in the war. It will be understood that this record comprises only the services of members of the society both at home and abroad and whether in uniform or not; there were a good many others of the staff, some who were not eligible to membership, but the greater number of graduates of the house staff are included. One hundred and forty-four Bellevue nurses went into the service. It is difficult to give a clear description of the disarrangement and confusion that prevailed at the hospital because of the war. This went so far that the Bellevue authorities had to request of the War Department a ruling that doctors, nurses and hospital workers should not be called into active service while on duty in the hospital, as otherwise it would be impossible for the hospital to carry on. The list of Associate Members shows a number granted military leave, but these are those only who had reached the grade of house physician or surgeon. Mr. James K. Paulding, the secretary of the Board of Trustees was requisitioned by the Red Cross and sent to France in November, 1917; he was away on military leave till the summer of 1919. The changes, as a matter of fact, were constant. This was by no means the first time such a thing had occurred at Bellevue however. During the civil war in the entire period, 1861-1865, of ninety-one men on the house staff, six died while on duty, and of the eighty-five that were left, forty-nine entered xi preface military service and six others after completing their full time. Courses in military surgery were given at the hospital in 1917 and also in radiology; the latter by Doctor I. S. Hirsch. All the members of the psychiatric department were called into the service and many of the pathological; Doctor Guy Halifax Wallace of this department was commissioned in the Canadian army but had to be discharged for disability; he died of pneumonia in December, 1918. Doctor Benjamin M. Vance was in the A.E.F. and was wounded. The enlisted men of the Bellevue unit were taken into the wards in detachments and given instruction by the nurses before going oversea. The historian has received a great deal of aid in proof-reading, particularly in the matter of the Roll of Members, from Doctor Eben Foskett and in other ways as well. The executives of the Edgar Printing Company have been very efficient and very considerate in the matter of construction and reconstruction. Robert James Carlisle. mi 3f tfjere be anp birtue, anb if tfjere be any praise, tbinfe on tfjeSe things. SD commemorate ebery one of Bellebue toljo suffered and tofjo bird in t$e C5reat Ofilar, t&e times and tl)e placed, and in Small part, tjeir serbicrs are recorded ijere. flT&ougl) tljep surpassed not others in lopaltp or in Selfsdenping Spirit, tofjen tlje Summons came to tljem, on t&e field of battle or Stricfcen toitl> disease, tljep faced deatf) itself, steadfast, undaunted, toitfi courage unexcelled and in a Spirit tljat is immortal. "jfadetfi liffSt; and afar, and afar G5oetS dap, Comets niffpj and a star iLeadet!) all ^o t&eir rest" G ^^^^^i 1 m w HERBERT JONES HERBERT JONES Major, Canadian Army Medical Corps, Surgeon 5th Canadian Field Ambulance, 2nd Canadian Division, B.E.F. Died at Aubigny, Pas-de-Calais, March 5, 1917. House Physician on the Fourth Medical Division from January till July, 1911; A.B., University of Toronto, 1900, M.D., 1904. Doctor Jones was born in Hamilton, Ontario, on Sep- tember 2, 1874. He was educated at the Hamilton Central Public School and then at the Collegiate Institute in that city before entering the arts course at Toronto. After his graduation in medicine he went to Europe for post-graduate work, studying in London, Vienna, Berlin and in France, but most of his time during two years abroad he spent under Finkelstein in Berlin and he returned there after finishing his interneship at Bellevue in 1911, for six months further study, especially in diseases of children which he intended making his specialty. Beginning practice in his native city he soon became one of the chief consulting practitioners in children's dis- eases in Hamilton and the surrounding country; he was Chief of the Children's Department in Hamilton General Hospital. Doctor Jones was now forty years old; he had spent a great deal of time in preparing himself and was well established in his profession when the war began. He was unmarried—he did not hesitate; in October, 1914, he volunteered for service. On December 12th he was commis- sioned Captain in the Canadian Army Medical Corps and appointed to the 5th Field Ambulance in Toronto. Captain Jones proceeded oversea on April 18, 1915 and for five 3 Herbert Hones months he was stationed at Otterspool on the Mersey. He arrived in France on September 19th. On November 20, 1915 he was promoted to the rank of Major. He served in France and Belgium. In the early summer of 1916 Major Jones got leave of absence and went to England. This was to meet Miss Nellie Paulin of Toronto. They were married in London on June 13th, and shortly he returned to the front. The great assault on Verdun which had begun in Febru- ary, 1916, had enforced quiet, comparatively speaking, on the British front but preparations were now making for the "great push" on the Somme. The Canadians, with their 2nd and 3rd Divisions arrived, were formed into an army corps. Already they had an established reputation as proper fighters. Early in the year 1915, at the second battle of Ypres, they had shown superb valor, holding the line in the first asphyxiating gas attack and so saving the British army from defeat and later at Givenchy, before Loos. In April, 1916, the 2nd Division fought at St Eloi and after the battle of the Somme began, again covered them- selves with glory in the terrific fighting at Courcelette. Major Jones served through this fighting. The casualities in the Canadian army from the beginning of June till the end of 1916 were over forty-seven thousand men. Toward the end of February, 1917, Major Jones was taken down with pneumonia and on March 5th he suc- cumbed; he died at No. 42 Casualty Clearing Station at Aubigny, northwest of Arras. Mrs. Jones was at Crowsborough in Sussex, England, and there, three weeks after her husband's death, on March 27th, a child was born to her. Mrs. Jones, with her daughter, Mary Pauline, is now living with her brother, Captain, Reverend J. B. Paulin at 36 North Sherburne Street, Toronto. Major Herbert Jones was the first Bellevue man to lay down his life in the war. 4 ^ HAROLD SYDNEY MORGAN HAROLD SYDNEY MORGAN Lieutenant, M.C., U.S.A. Surgeon 9th Battalion, Royal Irish Fusiliers, 36th Division, B.E.F. British Military Cross—posthumous. Killed in action near Wulverghem, Flanders, April 12, 1918. Harold Sydney Morgan joined the House Staff on January 1, 1916, having received the two-year surgical ap- pointment on the Second Division. On July 1, 1917, he entered on his house service; on August 1st he obtained a lieutenant's commission and on August 8th, at his own re- quest, he was granted indefinite leave from Bellevue to enter military service. He joined the replacement group of Base Hospital 2 (Presbyterian Unit) which went over to fill the places of men withdrawn from that unit and sent to the British front. This group left New York on October 3rd aboard the "Cedric," and reported at Base Hospital 2 at xltretat on October 17th. Lieutenant Morgan was here but a little over five weeks. Before daybreak on November 24th he and two others set out on orders to report directly to the 36th, Ulster, Division, B.E.F. The senior of these three, Captain Harold M. Hays in his book "Cheerio," which he dedicated to the memory of Sydney Morgan and others, feelingly describes their tribulations during the hunt of a day and a half for the Thirty-sixth. Lieutenant Morgan was attached at first to a field ambulance and sent to an advanced dressing station but before the end of the year he was made battalion sur- geon to the Royal Irish Fusiliers, which constituted the 109th Brigade of the division then stationed a few miles 5 Harold fepdnep S^organ north of Peronne. While with the ambulance and the Fusiliers he had been under shell-fire and airplane bombing, but the real experience was to come. Harold Sydney Morgan was born in Winton, near Scran- ton, Pennsylvania, on May 2, 1890. His father, Davy Morgan, was from Pontypridd, Wales, and his mother, Ellen M. (Shafer) Morgan was a native of London. He attended the primary school in Winton and finished his preliminary education in San Diego, California, graduating at the High School there in 1908 at the age of eighteen. He then en- tered Leland Stanford University where he took the A.B. degree in 1912. His medical studies began at Stanford in 1911 and were completed at Hopkins in 1915. While still a medical student in the summer of 1914, he served as as- sistant to Doctor Wilfred T. Grenfell on the Hospital Ship "Strathcona" down on the Labrador. With his doctor's degree he came direct to New York, stood for the Belle- vue House Staff and received the appointment already stated. He took an active part in all student activities; at the high school he was a member of Gamma Eta Kappa and a Phi Delta Theta man at Leland Stanford; at Johns Hopkins of the Pithotomy Club. Lieutenant Morgan's mental make-up made him a great addition to any circle; he possessed a buoyancy of spirits and an equanimity of temper that altogether fitted him for the company he was now in. Moreover he was large, of athletic build, capable of much endurance. He was a great tennis player—supreme on the courts at Bellevue and ten- nis champion at Johns Hopkins, Stanford and at high school. The chief conflicts in which the Royal Irish Fusiliers fought in the spring of 1918 were the second battle of the Somme and the battle of the Lys and Lieutenant Morgan was in both. On March 21st, the titanic drive of the Germans began that almost carried through to Amiens. In the British line, as part of General Gough's Fifth Army, the 36th Division was on a 6000 yard front before St. Quentin, ex- tending from the river Somme south to near Urvillers, the 109th Brigade which included the 9th Battalion, being on 6 Harold &pdne# Morgan the north and left, at the river. Three German divisions attacked this one on this line. So severe was the fighting that of three shock battalions scarcely a man returned. It was here that Morgan earned the British Cross. Throughout the next several days the army was compelled to fight des- perate rear-guard actions; the Fusiliers at Grand Serau- court, Artemps, St. Simon and at Villeselve where, with the Royal Dragoons they held the German vanguard and drove it back, March 25th The second conflict was in April, on the northern front, the battle of the Lys. Here again, between Messines and Mont Kemmel Lieutenant Morgan showed the same fearless devotion and bravery as on the Somme; with the rear-guard as before, the division retiring from Messines toward Neuve Eglise on April 12th, about three in the afternoon he was on the field with two men tending the wounded, when a piece of shell hit him in the leg. The men were putting him on the stretcher when another shell-burst killed him and buried one of the men, both of whom were injured. Lieutenant Sydney Morgan was buried on the north side of the road where it passes Wulverghem, two- and-a-half kilometres west of Messines. On March 19th Lieutenant Morgan wrote from Grand Seraucourt where the Battalion was in reserve, to his friend, now a major, congratulating him on his promotion and saying that he himself had applied for leave and hoped to go to England, stopping on the way at IZtretat. "I'd much like to see these poor unlucky devils who had to stay around the 'Base' while we were having the only real sport in the war—at the front." In three days and but a mile away he performed the deeds that won the Military Cross. During the last of these terrible days he wrote home, "Don't worry. I only hope you are all keeping as cheerful as I am here. I have no regrets." Harold Sydney Morgan is survived by his brothers, Davy S. Morgan, of Schenectady, New York and P. Victor Morgan, of San Diego, and his sisters, Mabel M. Elliott, Jeannette C. Morgan of San Diego, and Doctor Gwladys 7 Harold fepdnep Morgan M. Morgan, whose address is 535 Spreckels Building, San Diego, California. British Citation: "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during the retirement from Grand Seraucourt on the morning of March 22nd. This officer was retiring behind the rear- guard, and on approaching Artemps was told that some wounded were still lying in Grand Seraucourt. Although he knew that the enemy were already on the outskirts of the village he returned at once with some stretcher-bearers and succeeded in bringing out the wounded. He thus at the commencement of the operations set a splendid example to his stretcher-bearers of devotion and courage." Military Cross—posthumous. 8 MORRIS JACOB KARPAS MORRIS JACOB KARPAS Major, M.C., U.S.A. Base Hospital 117, A.E.F. Died at Savenay, Loire-Inferieure, July 4, 1918. Doctor Karpas joined the staff of Bellevue Hospital on February 15, 1912, and for the next three years and eight months he was Assistant Resident Alienist; he was on the assistant staff of the Manhattan State Hospital on Ward's Island for a number of years previously. He resigned his position at Bellevue in order to begin private practice. At the time he entered military service he held the positions of Chief of Clinic at the New York Neurological Institute, Adjunct Neurologist at the Montefiore Home and Hospital, Medical Director of the Hygiene Clinic of the Free Syna- gogue and Examiner in Psychiatry to the Children's Court; to the latter position he had been appointed by Mayor Mitchell in December, 1916. He was on a firm footing as a consulting physician in nervous and mental diseases and as an expert in the law courts. He had many difficulties to overcome in reaching this standing and it was by his own worth and efforts that he surmounted them. In 1892 he arrived in this country from Russia, a boy of thirteen. He had been tutored at home in St. Petersburg; here in New York he attended high school and held a Regent's diploma. Later on he taught in the Evening School for Foreigners in this city, studied medicine at the Long Island Medical College Hospital and received his doctor's degree in 1904. In 1909 he took courses at Zurich, Vienna and Berlin. Doctor Karpas had a broad knowledge of English, Ger- man and Russian literature, had acquired, indeed, a re- markable facility in English. He was a clear thinker and 9 S^orriS 3!acob l&arpaS his medical writings were direct and lucid. A great addition to his technical knowledge was his care and his ability to get the patient's point of view—he took great pains in forming his opinions. He never overlooked the clinical history nor placed undue weight upon laboratory results. When the United States entered the war, Doctor Karpas obtained a captain's commission and was sent to Camp Zachary Taylor, Louisville, Kentucky; he went oversea with Base Hospital 117, the neuro-psychiatric unit, in the rank of Major in May, 1918. Shortly after the unit arrived at Savenay a group of officers which included Major Karpas was detached to Base Hospital 8 there to look after the psychiatric cases. When the news of Major Karpas's death reached Belle- vue it was not believed—the less so when his death was ascribed to angina pectoris. Nevertheless it was true. We are indebted to his friend and colleague, Doctor Sanger Brown, II, ex-Lieut.-Colonel, M.R.C., who sailed with him, for an account of the attending circumstances: "I was with him in Allentown just before we sailed and he seemed in very good shape in every way. On the voyage also he was in the best of spirits. He made a great many friends as he always did; this was not limited to the medical officers ... on a few occasions while walking up from the village to the hospital he suffered from acute pain in the cardiac region. He finally saw the physician in charge of the medical services. On physical examina- tion nothing could be found and he was advised to restrict his diet. However he continued to have the pain and felt somewhat concerned about it. Things went on this way until one day he was sitting in the office examining a pa- tient with two of the other doctors when suddenly he was taken with dyspnoea, became unconscious, and in less than a minute or two had breathed his last. There was no suffering and probably very little distress of any kind. He must have lost consciousness almost at once. At autopsy the coronary arteries were very sclerotic; the lumen was almost occluded, admitting a large needle. This was un- 10 S^orris 3lacob karpas doubtedly the cause of his death. A military service was held . . . Major Karpas was the first officer to be buried there (in Savenay) ... to be followed by the deaths of officers and nurses, Miss Delano having died there after the Armistice. ... I recall very vividly a talk with Karpas about service in the war. He remem- bered his early life in Russia very well and naturally there was nothing he despised more than military service. However, he was glad to enter the service of the United States in the war. There was no question about his love for the country. He said he felt he could do it for no other country. No one could have been more unselfish than he. He had made his own way in life, his career was just beginning to open up and he was obliged to discon- tinue it all, and this he did without any hesitation." Major Morris Jacob Karpas was born in St. Petersburg on March 28, 1879, a son of Charles and Sarah A. (Mur- doch) Karpas. He died in Savenay, France, on July 4, 1918, aged thirty-nine; he was unmarried and is survived by two brothers and a sister, Miss Jennie A. Karpas, R.N., a graduate of Lebanon Hospital Training School, whose address is 356 West 145th Street, New York. 11 DAVID EVERETT WHEELER Soldier of the Foreign Legion, French Army, Contract Surgeon, British War Office, Lieutenant, M.C., U.S.A., 16th Infantry, 1st Division, A.E.F. French Brigade Citation—Croix de Guerre, American Division Citation—posthumous, American Army Citation—posthumous. Killed in action at Missy-aux-Bois, July 19, 1918. David Everett Wheeler was the first Bellevue man to go across. He completed his service as House Surgeon on the Second Division on June 30, 1900, and so, when in 1914 the great war began, he had been in active practice in the city of Buffalo for about fourteen years. He was then forty-one years old and his son was about to enter Cornell University. For all that, when the urgent need for more surgeons was made known, Doctor Wheeler con- sidered it a call to him and he lingered not upon the order of his going—he sailed from New York on October 7, 1914 and Mrs. Wheeler went with him. Four years afterward she returned without him. When they arrived in France Surgeon Wheeler found that the shortest way to the front was to enlist as a common soldier in the renowned Foreign Legion. So he enlisted. The Legion with the Zouaves and Tirailleurs together, formed the redoubtable Moroccan Division of the French Army. In September, 1915, two major attacks were made by the Allies; a costly one by the British on Loos determined the appointment of Sir Douglas Haig to supreme command of the British army; the other was by the French—the bat- tle of Champagne; in this the Moroccan Division was en- gaged. Here, on September 28, 1915, Private Wheeler, among brave men, distinguished himself; under violent fire 12 DAVID EVERETT WHEELER SDabid Cberett m^ttkt and disregarding the fact that he was badly wounded him- self, he stayted to wait on those worse off than he. For this intrepid act he was mentioned in brigade orders and, on October 9th was awarded the Croix de Guerre. He was so severely wounded that he was kept out of the fighting for a long while after. He was taken first to the Hotel Dieu at Chalons-sur-Marne and after a few days there he was transferred to the American Hospital at Neuilly where he spent five months. He was then sufficiently recovered to take a surgical service at the American Ambulance during three months more, while completing his convalescence. Next he joined up with the British and from March until September, 1917, he was a Contract Surgeon to the British War Office. So Doctor Wheeler was a seasoned veteran, and when at last his own country joined the war, it rejoiced his indomitable soul. The first American troops that arrived in France landed at St. Nazaire in June and July, 1917; the 1st Division of regulars was formed of these troops and the infantry was sent to the Toul sector. Wheeler having obtained a com- mission as Lieutenant in the U. S. Medical Corps, was as- signed to the 16th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 1st Division. For a month after October 20th the Division was in line just east of Nancy. The first American shot in the war was fired by Battery C, 6th Field Artillery, 1st Division at 6.05 a. m. October 23rd; on November 3rd the first American soldiers were killed—three men of Lieutenant Wheeler's regiment. Early in April, 1918, the division having finished its training, was sent around to the new line of battle on the west where sixty-four German divisions had driven nine- teen British divisions back to within a few miles of Amiens. On the 25th of the month the 1st Division relieved French troops on the Montdidier-Noyon front at Cantigny. Here it remained for eleven weeks and during that time captured the town of Cantigny on May 28th; the fight, small though it was in contrast marked big as a forecast of what the Americans could do. On July 5th the Division was relieved and on the 11th was made part of General Mangin's 10th 13 SDabid (Eberett dfll^eeler Army and sent to Dammartin, twenty miles northeast of Paris, on the Paris-Soissons road. Marshal Foch was now preparing the great counter- stroke—the Aisne-Marne offensive against the exposed Ger- man flank that had been extended from Soissons, to the Marne at Chateau-Thierry. He chose for this vital thrust the 1st and 2nd American and the Moroccan divisions. The 1st Division had just arrived at Dammartin for a rest period for it had been almost constantly in line for six months past, but it was sent right back, eager and proud to fight. The attack was made southwest of Soissons from the Forest of Retz, the 1st Division being to the north and on the left of the line, the Moroccans next and the 2nd Division with the Marines to the south and right; the 1st brigade of the 1st Division, in which was the 16th Infantry, was right next the French. So here was Lieutenant Wheeler lined up with his old friends of the Legion again and it was a great joy to him that it was so. The battle is de- scribed in full detail in Captain Shipley Thomas's "History of the A.E.F.", who was present attached to the 26th In- fantry. It began on July 18th and that day across a wide plateau, through fields of wheat, the line was advanced half the distance to Soissons. In the course of that day Lieutenant Wheeler gave proof once more of his fearless- ness, his invincible qualities and devotion to the wounded. And the next day also, at the Missy ravine; but this day, July 19th, was his last-—he was killed here in the front line and he lies buried now in the American cemetery at Ploissy close by the scene of his heroism. The following vivid account of an episode in the battle of Champagne on September 28, 1915, is taken from a graphic story of that battle written by Doctor Wheeler, then a private in the Foreign Legion: "As we entered the wood a squall of bullets separated us from our officers. It ruffled the earth as a cat's-paw of wind ruffles still water. I think a machine gun must have come to rest and sprayed all its bullets on this one spot. We privates hesitated as one hesitates at the edge of a brook 14 SDabid (Cberett TOeeler seen unexpectedly across the path. "Jump!" called Tortel. I was the only one who made the leap safely and in doing so I got a bullet-graze on the left leg and a coat-tail torn by a riccochet. One of the men fell in the track of the bullets and was rolled over and over by them; pack, pack, pack! they sounded on his body which they drove six feet along the earth before it came to rest. I took my pipe out of my mouth, presented arms as the regulations required when speaking to an officer, and said to Captain Tortel: "Mon capitaine, je n'ai pas de cravate! est il assez chaud?" His rather expressionless face relaxed in the dry humorous look which usually pre- saged his remarks, but before he could say anything he dropped on his back apparently dead. . . . The next moment I found myself lying on the ground ... a riccochet bullet had cut the two large muscles in the calf of my leg." Another quotation is from a captain in the 16th U. S. Infantry: "Nothing the enemy could do could in any way affect his plans or what he did. Around Cantigny the battalion observers reports used to read: "3.15, Lieut. Wheeler seen proceeding from Battalion Aid Station to St. Aignon Ceme- tery; 3.35, Lieut. Wheeler seen proceeding from cemetery to La Pellissier Farm; 3.43, Lieut. Wheeler seen proceed- ing from farm to P. C. Marguerite, etc., etc. He always went overland across the top, and what endeared him to the soldiers, he never waited for wounded men to be brought to his aid station; after a shelling of one's position one could look out and tell that some one was hurt by the progress of "Doc" Wheeler running through the wheat on his way to the spot. ... In an assemblage as notable for bravery as the Sixteenth Infantry he was eminent for courage, and among officers whose pride was their atten- tion to their men he was foremost. His conduct was the standard to which the infantry desired medical officers to conform and none, in my experience, came near him." 15 SDabid CEberett (lM&eeler David Everett Wheeler died at the age of forty-five. He was born in New York City on November 23, 1872, the son of the Honorable Everett P. Wheeler of this city and Lydia Lorraine (Hodges) Wheeler of Chester, Vermont. He graduated at Columbia in arts in 1895 and in medicine in 1898. On June 10, 1898, just before beginning his Belle- vue service, he married Miss Mabel B. Whitney, the daughter of David R. Whitney, Esquire, of Boston. His son, Everett Pepperell Wheeler, 2nd, is now a Junior in Cornell Uni- versity at Ithaca and in 1920 stroked the 'Varsity crew. Doctor Wheeler joined the Society of Alumni of Belle- vue Hospital in 1901. He was a member also of the American Medical and the American Urological Associa- tions, the New York State and Erie County Medical societies. Mrs. Wheeler during these four long years had her own share in the service—she was an Auxiliary Nurse at the American Ambulance and a V.A.D. (Voluntary Aid Detach- ment), in the English hospitals at Reading and at Hereford. Mrs. Wheeler's address is 46 Park Place, Geneva, New York. Citations: "Citation a l'ordre de la Brigade: Ordre No. 17 du 9 Octobre, 1915. Etant blesse lui meme, a, avec le plus grand calme, panse, sous un feu violent de mousqueterie, un de ses camarades grievement blesse." Croix de Guerre. First Division, A.E.F. Citation, posthumous, dated January 1, 1920: "For gallantry in action and especially meritorious services." United States Army Citation, posthumous, dated May 3, 1920: "For distinguished and exceptional gallantry at Soissons, France, on July 18, 1918." 16 RAE WYGANT WHIDDEN RAE WYGANT WHIDDEN Captain, M.C., U.S.A. Died in Boston, Massachusetts, September 25, 1918. Doctor Whidden joined the Bellevue Hospital staff in July, 1912, as Assistant Physician to Out-Patients on the Tuberculosis Service. The quality of his work and the interest he took in this service brought him advancement in 1914—he became Physician to Out-Patients and Adjunct Assistant Visiting Physician and in 1916 he was promoted again, this time to the wards as Visiting Physician on the Tuberculosis Service. The following May, having mean- while been commissioned Lieutenant, M.R.C., he was granted indefinite leave for military service. He was a Harvard man, taking the A.B. degree in 1908 and the M.D. degree in 1911, and he sailed in May, 1917, to join the Harvard Unit, known as Base Hospital 5; he reached Boulogne, where this unit was stationed, on June 22nd. Base Hospital 5 was the second of these organizations to go across; it was assigned to work with the British Ex- peditionary Forces and was one of the Dannes-Camiers group of hospitals just south of Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais. This unit had the distinction of looking so much like an ammunition dump—according to the Germans—that it suf- fered terribly in an air raid. It was an hour before mid- night on September 4, 1917, when this occurred; Lieutenant Fitzsimmons, M.C., U.S.A., the adjutant and two en- listed men were killed outright and nineteen were wounded; among the latter was Lieutenant Whidden, a piece of shrapnel entering his chest. He was taken at once to No. 20 General Hospital, the main British hospital 17 Eae CUp&ant CflJljidden in the group and later sent to England where he was kept a long while. He was promoted on September 25th to the rank of Captain, M.C., U.S.A. When he was sufficiently recovered, Captain Whidden came home on a long sick- leave and went out to California to visit his family; when this leave was over he was given duty at the Presidio, San Francisco for a while, then at Camp Pike, Little Rock, Arkansas and then at Camp Dix, New Jersey. He was at Camp Dix in September, 1918, during the influenza epi- demic and he found the work very hard; he was allowed ten days leave and he went to Boston to spend it with his many friends there; he developed influenza soon after his arrival and entered Massachusetts General Hospital with pneumonia, but he died on September 25, 1918, aged thirty- three years. He was expecting soon to be sent back to France. The Whidden family came from England in 1660 and settled in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Captain Whidden was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on August 24, 1885. His father, William Marcy Whidden, was born in Boston and his mother, Alice McLoughlin (Wygant) Whidden, in Portland, Oregon; Mrs. Whidden is a descendant of Doc- tor John McLoughlin, the Chief Factor for twenty years on the Pacific Coast of the Hudson's Bay Company. Captain Whidden had a twin sister who was in the American Red Cross service during the war; she died in Flushing, New York, just six months after he died and of the same disease; she was a frequent visitor to the tuberculosis wards at Bellevue during the period of her brother's service there. He was unmarried; he is survived by his father and mother and two younger brothers who now live in California; one served in the U. S. Navy for two years from April, 1917, while the other was exempted to maintain his ranch in the interests of the food supply. Mr. Whidden's address is: The Wilcox Building, or, The Arlington Club, Portland, Oregon. Captain Whidden was a member of the American Medical and the National Tuberculosis Associations, the Association 18 ftae dfllggant flfll&idden of Military Surgeons of the United States, the New York State and County Medical societies, the New York Academy of Medicine and the Boylston Medical Society. He was Attending Physician to the Presbyterian Hospital Dispen- sary and Visiting Physician to Seton and Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat hospitals. 19 ROBERT GOLDTHWAITE Captain, M.C., U.S.A. Evacuation Hospital 22, A.E.F. Died in Allery, Saone-et-Loire, France, September 30, 1918. Robert Goldthwaite was House Surgeon on the Fourth Division from April till October, 1894. Doctor Henry Goldthwaite, a former member of this Society, who served as House Physician on the Second Division in 1876 was his father's cousin. The Goldthwaites came of a family dis- tinguished in Alabama; the grandfather of Robert, the Honorable George Goldthwaite, was at one time one of the United States Senators from that State; his father was Robert Goldthwaite, his mother, Annie Paul (Nesbitt) Goldthwaite, and he was born on August 29, 1872, in the city of Montgomery. Brought up in Montgomery and educated in the schools there, he was fitted for the University of Virginia from which institution he came to the Bellevue Hospital Medical College and here he took his doctor's degree in 1893. His cousin, Henry, was one of the instructors in the college for a good many years, a prominent practitioner in the city and physician to the famous Fifth Avenue Hotel where he lived. After finishing at Bellevue Robert Goldthwaite went back to Montgomery and he remained in active practice there till he entered the army in 1916. In June, 1916, he was commissioned Lieutenant in the Medical Reserve Corps and put on active service examining engineer recruits in Montgomery. In August, 1917, he toured the state in the interests of the Medical Reserve. He was ordered in September to the officers' school at Camp Greenleaf, Fort Oglethorpe, and in November, to Camp Jackson, Columbia, S. C, in the rank of Captain. Early in 1918 Evacuation Hospital 22 was organized at Camp 20 ROBERT GOLDTHWAITE fcobert (Boldtbtoaite Sevier, Greenville, S. C, and Captain Goldthwaite was or- dered there. This organization sailed from New York on August 30th on the "Kroonland," arriving at Brest on Sep- tember 12th. Landing the next afternoon they had a two hours' march to Pontanezen Barracks. Captain Goldthwaite led the marching column; he was in fine health and spirits and kept his fellow officers amused by his witty remarks and running comments. On September 18th at 1 a. m. E. H. 22 started for Allery. "Soon after we left Brest," writes Lieutenant-Colonel E. Dunbar Newell, now of Chat- tanooga, who was in charge, "Captain Goldthwaite began to complain of headache and nausea and not feeling well. By the time we arrived at Allery . . . Captain Gold- thwaite was quite ill and we wired for an ambulance to meet us." . . . "He was taken at once to Base Hos- pital 26 that was commanded at that time by Lieutenant- Colonel Arthur Law of Minneapolis. We arrived at Allery at 11 p. m. on September 21, 1918." . . . "We all early realized that he was suffering from meningitis and although he was under the care of the staff of B.H. 26 we took an active interest in his case and I feel sure that every- thing that could possibly be done was done for him. Cap- tain Goldthwaite died on September 30, 1918." He was buried the next day after a very impressive military funeral, in the cemetery at Allery. Robert Goldthwaite was forty-six years old when he died. Two years after leaving Bellevue he married Miss Mary Phelan Watt and they had four children, all of whom survive him; his son, Robert, is a midshipman at the U. S. Naval Academy; his eldest child, Therese, a teacher in Montgomery schools; Anne Paul is secretary to the di- rector of the Alabama Child Welfare Department and the youngest, Ellen Phelan, is at school. Mrs. Goldthwaite has been, since her husband's death, secretary in the Home Service of the American Red Cross and Supervisor of At- tendance of the Montgomery Schools. Doctor Goldthwaite's mother, three sisters and two brothers are still living. 21 JOHN EDWIN RAY Captain, M.C., U.S.A., 119th Infantry, 30th Division, 2nd American Corps, serving with the British Army. British Military Cross. American Distinguished Service Cross—posthumous. Mortally wounded near Bellicourt, September 30, Died at Tourville, Seine-Inferieure, October 5, 1918. John Edwin Ray was a son of Finie (Carter) Ray and the late John Edwin Ray. He was born in Hendersonville, North Carolina on November 29, 1888. He studied at Wake Forest, N. C , and received the degree A.B. from that college in 1908. After spending two years in the study of medicine at the University of North Carolina he came to New York in 1910 and was admitted to advanced stand- ing at Cornell, receiving his doctor's degree with the class of 1912. He obtained a full two-year appointment on the Bellevue Hospital House Staff and completed his term as House Surgeon on the Second Division on June 30, 1914. Ray served on the staff concurrently with Mead who was House Physician on the same division. There is a re- markable similarity in the way the times and circumstances affected these two friends and colleagues. Doctor Ray went back to his home state to practice and opened an office in Raleigh intending to build up a surgical reputation; the ability and judgment he displayed at House Surgeon should have given him great hope of success. Soon, however, these plans were interrupted. The Mexican difficulty took Doctor Ray to the Border with the North Carolina Guard in the rank of medical Lieutenant in the 2nd North Carolina Infantry and there he spent the long 22 JOHN EDWIN RAY lo&n Cdtoin l&ag winter of 1916-17 in the wind and sand of that delectable region. When this regiment was mustered into the federal service it was called the 119th Infantry, sent to Camp Sevier, Greenville, S. C, and made part of the 30th Division—the "Old Hickory Division." Captain Ray arrived oversea on May 24, 1918, the en- tire division crossing during May and June, landing at Calais. The infantry went into training in the school of real war with the British at Eperlecques, Pas-de-Calais, first as individuals, then platoons, then battalions. The need for reinforcements was so great, however, that before their training was far advanced the division was made a part of the 2nd British Army in the Ypres sector and set at completing the Poperinghe defense systems. Thus they were the first American troops to enter Belgium which they did on July the Fourth. On August 17th the division took over from the 33rd British Division the sector extending from Ypres south to Voormezelle known as the Canal Sector; the 60th Brigade, which included the 119th regi- ment, was put in the front line and the 59th Brigade in support. On August 31st-September 1st they, and the 14th British on their left and the 27th American on their right attacked the Germans and captured all their objectives including the village of Voormezelle and advanced the line nearly a mile. The Thirtieth then went into reserve for training with the British tanks and on September 22nd it was transferred to the 4th British Army under General Rawlinson, replacing the 1st Australians in the front line opposite Bellicourt and the St. Quentin Canal. Here again they were joined on their left by their compatriots of the Twenty-seventh. These two American divisions operated entirely with the British until the Armistice. A tremendous conflict had raged all along the western front since August 2nd and now the army of Marshal Haig was to storm the Hindenburg defenses; here was its most formidable section on the west, where the St. Quentin Canal 23 ioljn <£dtoin Ifta? runs underground for several miles. The tunnel is of the time of the First Napoleon; it is about seventy feet wide and runs about fifty feet below the surface. It had been strongly fortified by the Germans, a great net-work of sub- terranean passages emerged to the surface all around; it was filled with barges and was the hiding place of an en- tire division of troops. The Germans considered it impreg- nable. Besides, the attacking force had to go through three lines of wire before the line of the canal, for the main Hindenburg line lay about two hundred yards west of this tunnel and the Out-Post line still further west. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was present on this battlefield and he says of the fighting: "What with fog and smoke it was difficult to see more than a few feet in any direction, and this was a great disadvantage to the stormers, the more so to troops who are so individual as the Americans. The Thirtieth Division on the right, a unit raised in the Caro- linas and Tennessee, dashed through the main Hindenburg Line in the most gallant fashion, capturing Bellicourt on the way, while the veteran Australian Fifth Division passed through their cheering ranks after they had reached their allotted limit." . . . "the British, American and Aus- tralian dead lay along the same battle-line." "Neither the blue-clad infantry of Grant, nor the grey confederates of Lee, showed a higher spirit than the khaki- clad lads who fought alongside the British that day." This was on the 29th and 30th of September and here it was that the gallant Ray upheld his own and his country's honor. His mother, Mrs. Ray, writes: "He fell five hundred yards over the Hindenburg Line, on the second day of the attack breaking the Hindenburg Line, September 30, 1918. On duty at his aid post he was wounded in the upper thigh by a fragment of high explosive shell, was carried to Tourville to Base 74, B. E. F., dying October 5th. Buried with full military honors in the cemetery at Tourville, his casket covered with the Union Jack and Old Glory." Captain Ray was not quite thirty years old when he died. His body was brought home last year, 1921, and lies now in Oak- 24 Holm Cdojtn Kap wood Cemetery in Raleigh. Besides his mother, Mrs. John E. Ray, his sisters, Mrs. C. 0. Abernethy and Mrs. Arthur Henderson and his brothers, Burton J. Ray (Ph.D., Cornell), who is a chemist and Hardy M. Ray are living. Mrs. Ray's address is 110 East Jones Street, Raleigh, N. C. General Headquarters, American Expeditionary Forces. Captain John Ray, Medical Corps, 119th Infantry: "The award of the Military Cross by the British government to you, having been approved by the Commander-in-Chief, you are authorized to accept and to wear such decoration. The award was made for the following services rendered- "By command of General Pershing- "James G. Harbord, "Chief of Staff." British Citation: "This officer showed exceptional bravery and devotion to duty, administering first aid to many wounded Amer- icans and Germans under heavy shell and machine-gun fire in the Bellicourt area during the attack of his regiment on the 29th September, 1918. At the commencement of the attack, he established his battalion first aid post in the front line trench. With a smile he remarked: 'Is any- body around here afraid to die?' He advanced his aid post with the advancing infantry, and continued treatment of the wounded until he himself was so severely wounded that he had to be taken to the rear, died in this hospital."— Military Cross. American Division Citation—posthumous: "Captain John E. Ray, Medical Corps, 119th Infantry. During the attack in the Bellicourt area (Hindenburg Line) 29th September, 1918, Captain Ray administered first aid to many of our own and the enemy wounded, help- less under heavy machine-gun fire. He established his aid post in the front line trench and maintained it with 25 Jotin (£dtoin Eap the front line troops on their advance. It was during this time that he was wounded and died a few days later. His exceptional bravery and devotion to duty is worthy of the utmost praise." Distinguished Service Cross. 26 -flflj * v .-,.'•• .....J| »■ ,^ '-"■'• \>' fl Br -Jimm Br ^ * ■ SB B v'*jg' • ■ 5,.-. *. ,1ft _ 0^^k » Ej&j / -j'^B 1 ' ,r*»/ - ■■r-4, i*_ | |€i ; *' it ' ll THEODORE FLETCHER MEAD THEODORE FLETCHER MEAD Captain, M.C., U.S.A., 104th Field Artillery, 52nd Brigade, 27th Division, A.E.F. New York State Military Cross. Mortally wounded near Brabant, Meuse, Died in Glorieux, Meuse, October 29, 1918. Doctor Mead was Adjunct Assistant Visiting Physician on the Second Division when he was granted an indefinite leave of absence for military duty on August 3, 1917. He had been promoted to this position in the Out-Patient De- partment in the month of February after he had served two years. He first came to Bellevue in 1912 as an interne on the Second Division and he served as House Physician from January till July, 1914; his service coincided with John Edwin Ray's on the surgical side. He was a Cornell man having graduated in arts at Ithaca in 1908 and taken the medical degree in 1912. While attending the pre-med- ical course in Ithaca, he assisted in histology and embry- ology. Before entering the army he was in private practice in this city. He joined the New York National Guard and went to the Mexican Border with these troops in June 1916 in the rank of Lieutenant attached to the 1st Field Artillery as surgeon, where he remained till November 15th. This regiment was mustered into the federal service as the 104th F. A., 27th Division; it trained at Camp Wadsworth, Spar- tanburg, South Carolina. Lieutenant Mead, having been at the training camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison from June till September, 1917, and at Plattsburg till October 11th, arrived at Spartanburg on October 15th. Here, he was but a few miles from Camp Sevier, where his friend Lieu- 27 'Efjeodore jpirtrijrt 9£ead tenant Ray was, with the 119th Infantry of the 30th Division. He was at Camp Wadsworth till May 12, 1918, except for about ten weeks on the artillery range at Glassy Rock, S. C. He sailed for France from Newport News on June 30th and arrived at Brest on July 13, 1918. In March, while at Glassy Rock, he was promoted Captain. The infantry of these two divisions was assigned to the British but the artillery was not; Captain Mead's regiment was sent into training at Souge, very near Bordeaux—a terrible place, from all accounts, of heat and sand and flies. In the line it supported and was part of the 33rd and later the 79th American Divisions both of the 17th Corps of the French army under General Claudel. So now the paths of these two Bellevue friends diverged, but not for so very long—a few months and these two men were mortally wounded, in practically the same manner, one on the 30th of September, the other on the 29th of October; and in the same month of October, one with the British Army, the other with the American, fighting for the same cause, showing the same courage, the same daunt- less spirit, they carried through. The 104th F. A. moved in from Camp de Souge on August 31st to the Verdun sector and served in the Meuse- Argonne offensive at Montzeville, La Claire, Forges Woods, Consenvoye and Brabant-sur-Meuse, and Captain Mead with it. But here, at Brabant was the end; here Captain Mead was to show what manner of man he was; that the genial, smiling Captain Mead was a man with iron nerve, and then—to die. Lieut.-Colonel James E. Austin of the 104th Field Artillery has written the following account: "During my entire war service I kept a personal diary and religiously wrote it up each day. On October 29, 1918, I have jotted down that we were heavily shelled throughout the day. Telephone lines severed eight times since daybreak. Captain Mead, M.C., attached to my Battalion (2nd Battalion, 104th F.A.) was living in my dug-out on Mal- 28 ^Tfieodore jFletc&er S^ead brouck Hill, northeast of Brabant-sur-Meuse, we having occupied that position during the night. At about 8:00 a.m. the 'phone rang, Battery D reporting casualities and asking for a medical man. Captain Mead said he would go over himself and immediately started out. Only a few minutes later while on his way, he was hit in the right shoulder and arm by a fragment of shell which exploded nearby, killing a mule. This happened on the road leading southwest to Brabant and midway between the battalion post of command and the batteries. Captain Lawson was sent by me to help Captain Mead. A doctor happening along administered a hypo and the first ambulance with space in it was halted. Captain Mead was conscious, saying a few approved things about Germans in general, but com- plained of the pain and the probability of the loss of the use of his good right arm. He asked for the hypo him- self. We all confidently expected that he would recover. As we were in the line fighting, no one heard of his death until after the Armistice, when one of our men found his grave near the hospital at Glorieux where fitting ser- vices were held, the entire regiment turning out. He died the afternoon of the day he was hit from shock and loss of blood, according to the statement made at the hospital." He was removed to Evacuation Hospital 15, Glorieux (Verdun). Mrs. Mead was notified of his death in a letter from the Red Cross, an extract from which is as follows: "Central Records Office reports: Theodore Fletcher Mead, Captain Medical Corps, 104th F.A., died of wounds Oc- tober 29, 1918 C.C. 307: died in Evacuation Hospital 15, Glorieux Meuse; buried October 31, 1918, Glorieux, Meuse Military Cemetery." Mrs. Mead has had word from the U. S. Graves Registration Bureau that Captain Mead's permanent grave is not in the cemetery at Glorieux, but she has never had any other location given her. His body has probably been transferred to the American cemetery at Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, Meuse. The mother of Captain Mead has two gold stars for her two sons lost in the war. Four days after the Captain's 29 ^Tfceodore jfletcljer 8$ead death his only brother, Leland Clark Mead, "was wounded by a piece of shell as he was assisting (the surgeon) in an aid station in the Argonne forest and died the next morn- ing. He is now buried in the Argonne American cemetery. Dr. -------- spoke very highly of the efficient service he had rendered him, of his loyalty and his excellent record as a soldier. I am proud to be the mother of two such fine American men." Private Mead served with the medical troops of the 361st Infantry, 91st Division. In the battle of Meuse-Argonne this division was in line north of Avocourt and advanced through Epionville, the Bois de Cheppy, Boise de Very and the Bois de Epinettes and dug-in before Gesnes; here it was that Private Mead received his mortal wound. Theodore Fletcher Mead was born in Morrisville, Mad- ison County, New York, on June 29, 1885; he was, there- fore, over thirty-three years old. He attended Colgate Academy at Hamilton, New York, before going to Cornell. He was a member of the American Medical Association and of the Phi Club. On June 10, 1912, he married Miss Ruth Fahnestock of Ithaca and they had one child, Elizabeth F. Mead, who was born November 28, 1915, both of whom survive him. Mrs. Mead, now Mrs. Edward F. Guilford, resides at 437 W. Orange Street, Lancaster, Penn. Captain Mead's mother's address is: Mrs. Frank A. McCoy, 222 Goundry Street, North Tonawanda, New York. Theodore F. Mead Post No. 191, American Legion, meets on the second Tuesday night of each month at the Armory, Sixty-eighth Street and Broadway. The present Commander is Lieut.-Colonel Austin, who extends a cordial invitation to the members of the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital to attend any of the meetings. The Post during the past year took care of Ward 37, Fox Hills Hos- pital till its close and are now caring for the men at the Tuberculosis Hospital at Kingsbridge, New York City. They turned out sixty members on Memorial Day with seven horses and a gun. 30 {P&eodore jfietc&er si^ead At Morrisville, Mead Post has been named in honor of these two brothers, natives of the town. American Division Citation: "For conspicuous gallantry in action in the vicinity of Brabant-sur-Meuse, France, October 29th, 1918, in attend- ing wounded men under heavy enemy shell fire until him- self mortally wounded." New York State Military Cross. 31 JOSEPH BIDLEMAN BISSELL Major, M.C., U.S.A. Chief of the Surgical Service, General Hospital 2, Fort McHenry, Maryland. Died in New York, December 2, 1918. When the United States entered the war Doctor Bissell was very anxious to get into the army to do his share and although he was fifty-nine years old, he succeeded finally. He received a commission as Major and was ordered to Camp Custer, Battle Creek, Michigan, in July, 1918, where he spent about six weeks in intensive training. Intensive is right; he was thrilled by it and, much to his delight and satisfaction, he was ordered to take charge of the surgical service at Fort McHenry. On his way there he spent two or three days at home, full of enthusiasm and eager to be at it. Once at his post he worked with un- remitting zeal but the work was too laborious for him. In November he began to realize this but he would not ask for leave—he did not wish "to be thought a quitter." He was, as a matter of fact, sick. He was compelled to lay off, but he asked only for leave over the Thanksgiving holidays. Immediately after his arrival home he was so overcome by weakness that he was forced to go to bed. In a day or two it was proved that he had septicaemia due to the streptococcus haemolyticus. In the forlorn hope that he might yet be saved he received a transfusion of blood, but— on December 2, 1918 he died—in line of duty. Doctor Bissell served as interne in Charity, not Bellevue Hospital; he was house surgeon in the former hospital 32 JOSEPH BIDLEMAN BISSELL ifoocpf) Bidleman BteSell in 1884. After leaving Charity he studied in Vienna and Munich and when he returned home he was appointed Visiting Surgeon to St. Vincent's Hospital, which position he held at the time of his death. He joined the Fourth Division, Bellevue Staff in 1897 and was Director of the surgical service and a member of the Executive Committee when he went to Fort McHenry. He was born in Lakeville, Connecticut, in 1858 and at- tended school at the Armenia, New York, Seminary. Then he went to Yale and took the Ph.B. degree in 1879. While at Yale he was editor of the "Yale News." He was a mem- ber of the Alphi Chi and Chi Phi societies. His medical diploma he received from Columbia in 1883. He was a member of the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital for fourteen years. He was a fellow of the American Medical Association and the American College of Surgeons, a mem- ber of the American Urological Association, the New York Academy of Medicine and the Alumni Society of the City Hospital. Doctor Bissell was a prominent advocate of the thera- peutic use of radium and had worked in that field for about eight years. He was president of the American Radium Society and surgical director of the New York Radium Institute. He was sixty years old when he died; his widow, now Mrs. Bradford Merrill, lives at Great Neck, New York, and his daughters, Mrs. Laurence Millet and Mrs. Law- rence Jones and his sons, Joseph B. and Karl H. Bissell, also survive him. 33 WILLIAM CRAWFORD GORGAS. Major-General, M.C., U.S.A., Distinguished Service Medal, Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Died in London, July 4, 1920. When Major Walter Reed had finished his report as head of the committee on the spread of typhoid fever in the army, he was ordered to Cuba as chief of a commission to study yellow fever. This commission convened in Havana early in 1900. General Leonard Wood, a graduate in medicine, then in his fortieth year, was at that time military governor of Cuba, Major Gorgas, the chief sanitary officer, and Havana, after two years of effort had been cleaned up. Seldom was research begun under fairer auspices when, like a challenge to medical science, yellow fever broke out in epidemic form. The chief actors in the drama that now opened were the four members of the commission: Major Reed at the head, had taken his degree at the Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege in 1873, six years before Major Gorgas. He was three years older than Gorgas, being then in his forty-ninth year. He was now professor of bacteriology in the Army Medical School in Washington and a constant worker in the labora- tories of Professors Councilman and Welch in the new Johns Hopkins School. Next to Major Reed was Doctor James Carroll, a post-graduate student at Hopkins and a co-worker with him there. He was the bacteriologist of the commis- sion. The third member was Lazear. DOCTOR JESSE WILLIAM LAZEAR was appointed Junior on the House Staff of Bellevue Hospital on April 1, 1892 and served as House Physician on the First Division from April till October, 1893. He was a graduate of Johns 34 WILLIAM CKAWFORD COKGAS From a photograph of the picture by Alexander P. James in the libran of the Surgeon General's Office Mlilliam Cratoford C5orgas Hopkins in arts of the class of 1889 and of Columbia in medicine in 1892. He was the first to obtain from the blood the micrococcus of Neisser; this he did while an interne in Bellevue while investigating a case of endocarditis. Doctor Lazear was the scientific clinician and investigator combined in one and a modest, unboastful one, devoted to work—a most companionable man, moreover. He joined this Society as soon as he left the hospital and began practice in this city, but in a short time he went to Europe for a year's study at the University of Edinburgh, and at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Returning to this country he was appointed bacteriologist to Johns Hopkins Hos- pital and assistant in clinical microscopy in that university. He continued membership in the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital. At this time that work of the greatest importance to the world at large was going forward: the investigations in malaria—tracing the development of the malarial parasite in man, in the mosquito and back to man again, and it engaged all the energy and enthusiasm of Doctor Lazear. At the time of the outbreak of the Spanish-American war, he was one of the two or three experts on this side of the Atlantic on the histology of the malarial organism and its life-cycle in the malarial mosquito. It was this that singled him out for membership on the Yellow Fever Commission. Today, the sole surviving member of this famous com- mission is Doctor Aristides Agramonte, a native of Cuba, the son of General Agramonte, who was killed in battle in 1872. The family, coming to New York to live, the son was educated in the public schools of this city and studied medicine at Columbia graduating in fact with Lazear. He was appointed then assistant bacteriologist in the city health department and he was a frequent visitor in the Pathological Department of Bellevue. Afterward he worked in Major Reed's laboratory on the identification of the bacillus icteroides that Sanarelli claimed was the cause of yellow fever. On the commission he had charge of the pathological work. 35 William Cratoford (15orga0 The first human experiments were made on the members of the commission, Doctor Lazear leading off. The result in his case was not a success. Then Doctor Carroll sub- mitting to the ordeal, was inoculated by means of several of Doctor Lazear's brood of mosquitoes; he came safely through a very severe attack. Doctor Agramonte was im- mune. But it was the bite of a random mosquito in the yellow fever ward that brought to Lazear the tragic end. After five days, two chills ushered in the attack; in three days more the dread black vomit came. He knew what this foreshadowed; he had already placed in Doctor Car- roll's hands all his notes; he knew he had but a few days more to live. Doctor Lazear died at Quemados, a suburb of Havana, on September 25, 1900, in his thirty-fifth year. He was born in Baltimore on May 2, 1866. He left a widow and two small children, one of whom he had never seen. He lies interred in the Louden Park Cemetery in Baltimore. In 1918 the President issued an order naming the bat- teries of coast artillery in honor of certain distinguished officers of the army and among these is this one: "Battery Lazear in honor of Dr. Jesse Lazear of Baltimore, Md., late an acting Assistant Surgeon, United States Army, who while on a visit to Las Animas Hospital, Havana, Cuba, on September 13, 1900, and while collecting blood from yellow fever patients for scientific study, was bitten by a culex mosquito and deliberately allowed it to satisfy its hunger and as a result contracted yellow fever, of which he died on September 25, 1900, thus by his self-sacrifice positively determining that the mosquito carries yellow fever infection." The story of this research is truly dramatic: the person- nel; the swift change of plan from a fruitless search for the specific germ as waste of time and effort, to the detec- tion of the mode of propagation of the disease; the experi- ments on human subjects; the call for volunteers; their response and high courage; the tragic end of Doctor 36 JESSE WILLIAM LAZEAR Reproduced by permission of Prof. Howard A. Kelly from the book. '"Walter Reed and Yellow Fever." C&lilliam Cratoford CSorgas Lazear—all this in the short space of one year, and finally then, the climax. The brilliant work and heroic achievements of the great commission were made of enduring benefit to the world by the work of Major Gorgas. He had been an onlooker, somewhat skeptical of the mosquito theory, but now he was convinced and he immediately changed his plans to conform to this discovery. In one year beginning March, 1901, the number of cases of yellow fever in Havana were reduced from 1,240 to 31, and the number of deaths from 305 to 6—yellow fever was wiped out. The victory over yellow fever is the achievement of the four men of the commission—its subjugation, the achieve- ment of Major Gorgas. By special act of Congress in 1903 Major Gorgas was made Colonel and Assistant Surgeon General and the next year he was sent to Panama as Chief Sanitary Officer; there he remained nine years. But in Panama there was not that beneficent combination of men in authority such as had been the case in Cuba, there was no General Wood there. The Canal Commission was badly organized and poorly directed, medical advice even from Colonel Gorgas was treated as medical advice often is. Colonel Gorgas was hampered in many ways; he could not get cooperation. It was not until Colonel Goethals became chief executive that the medical officer had free scope, and so the success in Cuba seemed for a time not to be the thing it really was. The innumerable complicating factors at Panama that were overcome by Colonel Gorgas prove his title to fame. It is Panama rather than Havana that is General Gorgas's monument. His reputation was now an international one; in 1913 at the request of the British government he went to South Africa on leave of absence to investigate the cause of the high death rate from pneumonia in the Rand mines. On his return via England he was honored by the University of Oxford with the degree of Doctor of Science. He was made Surgeon General of the United States Army in 1914 and in 1915 Congress raised him to the rank of Major- 37 CUilliam Cratoford (Boreas General. He was the first medical officer to hold that rank. General Gorgas made a preliminary survey of the port of Guayaquil in 1916 and in 1919 he spent several months on the West Coast of South America and made recom- mendations to the governments of Ecuador and Peru at their request that have resulted in nearly exterminating yellow fever there, particularly in Ecuador where greater attention was paid to his advice. As Surgeon General during the world war he did very active service and in 1918 he made a tour of inspection in France. He was a persistent advocate of giving rank to medical men entering the army from civil life, in keeping with their professional attainments. While he was living in Panama Colonel Gorgas joined the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital and when he came back from Africa he made an address: "Some Ob- servations on Pneumonia in South Africa," in a most in- formal, confraternal spirit, reviving also his recollections of old Bellevue days when, in 1879-80, he was house sur- geon on the Second (now the first) Division; he held any- thing of Bellevue always in the deepest regard. Many honors came to General Gorgas and he was a man who could bear them well, there was nothing mean nor petty about him, he was always approachable; it was said of him that he was hard only on mosquitoes^. His place though was in the field, not in the swivel-chair. In the spring of 1920 General Gorgas set out to look into the conditions on the West African coast, another stronghold of yellow fever. Arriving in Europe he went first to the continent. He came back to London, and on the very next day, May 30th, he had an apoplectic stroke causing left-sided paralysis. He was removed to Queen Alexandra Hospital. He improved to the degree that there was hope in the minds of his British and American friends that he might yet return home. He had with him his wife and his friend Brigadier General Noble and other Amer- ican officers, and he was under the immediate care of Colonel Kennedy of the British Army Medical Corps. At the end 38 tftilliam Cratotord (Borga0 of a month, however, he sank rapidly into unconsciousness and died on the Fourth of July. Full homage was paid to the memory of General Gorgas by the British in funeral services at St. Paul's Cathedral with military pomp. There were representatives of King George and of Queen Alexandra, of the governments of Belgium, Panama, Cuba, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Serbia. In June King George made him a K.C.M.G He had the Buchanan Medal from the Royal Society, the Mary Kingsley Medal from the Liver- pool School of Tropical Medicine, the Gold Medal from the American Museum of Safety and the American D.S.M. His honorary degrees were the Sc.D. from Oxford, Penn- sylvania, the University of the South (his alma mater), Harvard, Brown and Jefferson Medical College and the LL.D., from Alabama, Tulane and New York University. William Crawford Gorgas was born in Mobile on Oc- tober 3, 1854, the son of General Josiah Gorgas, a graduate of West Point and Chief of Ordnance in the Confederate Army, and after the war, president of the University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, and Amelia (Gayle) Gor- gas, a descendant of a former governor of Alabama. He married in 1885 Miss Marie Cook Doughty of Cincinnati, who, with his daughter, Mrs. W. D. Wrightson, survives him. He died at the age of sixty-five years; his remains were brought to this country and lie buried in Arlington Cemetery, his grave being near to that of Major Reed. A memorial to General Gorgas in commemoration of his services to the world is to be erected at Panama City. It is to be called The Gorgas Memorial Institute of Tropical and Preventive Medicine. The site, the building and all equipment is a gift to the United States by President Porras and the Republic of Panama. 39 JOHN BERNARD VOOR American Red Cross. Died in Warsaw, Poland, February 14, 1922. American Red Cross (Croix-Rouge Americaine) 4, rue de Chevreuse, Paris, VI. February 20, 1922 Bellevue Hospital, 1st Avenue and 26th Street, New York City, U.S.A. Gentlemen: Announcement is made herewith of the death of Dr. John B. Voor, at Warsaw, Poland, on February 14, 1922. The enclosed statement is furnished you from records in our files in order to complete any obituary notice which you may think desirable. Very truly yours, A. C. Burnham, M.D. Medical Director. "Dr. John B. Voor died ... of typhus fever on the fifteenth day of the disease. The disease was contracted at a refugee camp at Baranowicze while on an inspection trip for the American Red Cross. . . . He served with the American Red Cross in Serbia during 1919 through the typhus epidemic there in April and May; was in charge of the hospital at Chupriji, Serbia, from May, 1919, until February, 1920. He served with the American Red Cross in Poland from February, 1921, until his death." Doctor Voor was appointed on the Second Division, December 1, 1913, to complete an unexpired term and served as pathological interne till July, 1914 and surgical junior for six months subsequently. He was a graduate of the medical department of the University of Louisville of 1913. Just after leaving Bellevue on January 1, 1915, he made a trip as surgeon on the steamer "Memphis" with 40 IOHN BERNARD VOOR 3ol)n Bernard Poor cotton for Bremen. He returned in about two months and began practice in Louisville. In 1917 he joined Hospital Unit D (University Hospital, Louisville), as Captain, M.C., trained at Fort McPherson, Atlanta and went to France from Camp Merritt. This unit was sent to Vichy in June and became part of that hospital centre; here he met many who had known him at Bellevue. At the time he received his discharge from the army, January, 1919, he was stationed at Red Cross Hospital 2 in Paris. He then enlisted in the Red Cross and was sent to Serbia as above stated. He received the medal of the Serbian Red Cross and the Order of St. Sava. In the fall of 1920 he came home on a visit of about six weeks and then went back and to Poland. Captain Voor was born in Louisville, Kentucky, on April 18, 1890, and was the third son of six children of Herman Voor, who was from Westphalia, Germany, and Anna M. (Koetter) Voor, born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was educated at St. Vincent de Paul parochial school and St. Xavier College. His parents and two brothers survive him—an elder, William H. Voor, of 633 East Oak Street, Louisville and a younger, Bernard H. Voor. The following is an extract from a report of the League of Nations on the health situation in eastern Europe, quoted in the British Medical Journal of March 25, 1922, of the people repatriated through Baranowicze: "In the first week of December, of the 540 who arrived at the station, all had to be admitted to the hospital; 179 of them died—120 of them died in the hospital and 59 of them were brought in dead. Of the 400 members of the personnel, 114 at present (January, 1922) are down with typhus. . . ." This gives some conception of the conditions at the time and under which Captain Voor lost his life. 41 JANE ARMINDA DELANO Director-General of the Department of Nursing American Red Cross. Distinguished Service Medal. Died at Savenay, Loire-Inferieure, April 15, 1919. During the Civil War there died at New Orleans of a camp fever a soldier who left a widow and a little daugh- ter. This daughter, years afterward, like her father, laid down her life also in the service of her country. To tell of the work of the nurses in the world war, to describe the foresight and wisdom of forming the corps, the enormous labor involved in organizing it, the care taken in selecting the personnel—to do this would be to set forth the service of this daughter; her imagination, judg- ment, energy and personal magnetism built up the depart- ment of nursing till it was able to fulfil its purpose as a service of the first importance in the work of relief. It was due to Miss Delano and those who worked under her, that when this country did finally go to war, there were on the Red Cross roll eight thousand fully-trained nurses ready, and when the war ended, over ten thousand more. Miss Delano began this great work in 1912 when she took charge of the department of nursing in the American Red Cross a few years after the Red Cross had been reorganized on a national basis. She was then in her fifty-third year and had just resigned the office of Superintendent of the United States Army Nurse Corps, a place which she had filled for three years and which had taken her out to Hawaii, to the Philippines and to China. This achieve- ment places Miss Delano in the first rank; it was the culminating work of her life. 42 IAXE ARMIXDA DELANO COPYRIGHT HARRIS a EWING 3ane jarminda SDdano Miss Delano began her career by pioneer work in the field. Two years after finishing her training as head nurse of old Ward 16 of the Third Surgical Division, she volun- teered and braved the yellow fever epidemic at Jackson- ville, Florida, and after this was ended, in 1889, she under- took a formidable job at a mining camp in the Territory of Arizona, near the Mexican border. In an article in "The Red Cross Courier"* Miss Noyes says that Miss Delano lived there in "a two-room tin shack . . . Her only means of locomotion was a Pinto pony; her sole escort, . . an army revolver." It was these experiences, no doubt, that first brought to Miss Delano's mind the idea which she finally put into concrete form in 1916. In that year when the country was making ready for war, Miss Delano made her will. She bequeathed to the American Red Cross the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, the income from which, to- gether with the royalties from the book, "Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick," she devised for the establishment and maintenance of public health nursing services in re- mote or out-of-the-way settlements that are too poor and too unprogressive to begin such a thing for themselves. She laid down the conditions that should govern the selec- tion of the communities and what she thought the qualifi- cations of the nurses should be. Miss Noyes says that the amount from the sale of the book will be much greater than Miss Delano thought it would be, for the book is the recognized authority on this subject and is about to go into a third edition, so that there will be funds enough for three or four Delano Red Cross nurses. This far- sighted philanthropy Miss Delano designed as a memorial to her father and mother. In person, Miss Delano was tall, of dignified bearing, gentle and affable in manner; able, resolute and self-reliant, she put strength and steadiness in others. Whenever any group of nurses was to leave for Europe, and her work •The Red Cross Courier. Wash., D. C. Jan. 28 and Feb. 4. 1922. 43 3anr flrminda SDelano permitted, Miss Delano came over from Washington to bid them good-bye. Finally she went herself. On January 2, 1919, she sailed for France for the pur- pose of making a personal survey of the nursing situation in that country, in Italy and in the Balkans. In France however, before the end of January, Miss Delano fell sick of an ear infection which perforated the ear-drum, and she was treated for this at A. R. C. Hospital 101 in Neuilly. In a short time she resumed her tour of inspection, saying "I must go on with my work." But mastoiditis developing, she was operated on at Savenay on February 21st, and a second time three days afterward; to little effect, how- ever, though she seemingly improved, for by March 23rd the diagnosis was made of deep-seated abscess of the brain and the patient had to submit to the ordeal of operation a third time and on April 12th still a fourth time. Miss Delano, the chief of American nurses, died in Base Hospital 69 at Savenay, on April 15, 1919. A devoted daughter of Bellevue, she added lustre to Bellevue's old renown. She was an alumna of the class of 1886 at the Bellevue Training School. Miss Delano had been superintendent of the training school in the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for five years when in May, 1902, she came back to Bellevue as general superintendent of nurses, which onerous position she filled till October, 1906. She was three times elected president of the American Nurses' Asso- ciation and was once a director of the American Journal of Nursing. Miss Delano's father was George Delano, the only child of the Reverend Daniel Delano; her mother was Mary (Right) Delano of Albion, New York. She was born in the home of her grandfather, near the village of Townsend in Schuyller County, New York, in March, 1858. When she was three years old her father went to war. He reached the grade of first lieutenant and shortly after this he died of yellow fever. Though Miss Delano had no recollec- tion of having seen her father, she had idealized in her 44 lane ftrminda Delano memory the event and circumstance of his death; this had ever a strong influence upon her life; she carried his pic- ture always about with her. Miss Delano could ask for no greater glory than to die as her father died—in her country's service. Miss Delano's body was brought to this country in Sep- tember, 1919, and on the 18th of the month was interred in Arlington Cemetery with full military honors. The Jane A. Delano Post No. 344 of the American Legion was organized in this city in July, 1919. The honor of being first commander was given Miss Beatrice Bamber, who was chief nurse of the Bellevue unit. The Post meets monthly at the Central Club for Nurses. Citation—posthumous: "By direction of the President and under the provisions of the act of Congress approved July 9, 1918, the distin- guished service medal was awarded posthumously to Miss Jane A. Delano for exceptionally meritorious and conspicu- ous service as Director, Department of Nursing, American Red Cross. She applied her great energy and used her powerful influence among the nurses of the country to se- cure enrollments in the American Red Cross. Through her great efforts and devotion to duty eighteen thousand seven hundred and thirty-two nurses were secured and transferred to the Army Nurse Corps for service during the war. Thus she was a great factor in assisting the Medical Department in caring for the sick and wounded." Distinguished Service Medal. 45 CARRIE JANE BRINK General Superintendent of Training Schools, Bellevue Hospital. Died in New York, December 10, 1920. When the Bellevue Hospital Unit of the American Red Cross was forming in 1916, Miss Brink was the one person to choose the nursing staff—to get together the equipment and paraphernalia; these things fell largely in her sphere and every one naturally looked to her to perform the task without any doubt of the result. And justly—she was well fitted for it, her twenty-five years of residence in Bellevue as pupil, teacher and supervisor gave her a knowledge of Bellevue graduates that few others possessed; her ideals, her standards of nursing, her high regard for the honor of Bellevue and her affection for the hospital were guaranties; she held fast to the tenet that watchfulness is the essence of nursing—to keep watch and ward would be her motto. The task was to bring sixty-five nurses together who would live in harmony and work together under one appointed chief nurse; to obtain for each certifications of prophylactic inoculations; to secure a passport for each; to arrange for the oath of allegiance; and this over and over again, for some withdrew before the unit was completed to take other positions in the service. The task was done, the nurses went to France and no small part of their success, both as individuals and as a unit is due to the discriminating judgment of Miss Brink and their personal loyalty to her and to one another. Miss Brink was the good right arm of each of the gen- eral superintendents of nurses to whom she was coadjutor. 46 \ !■.. % V /:: f"l > V 4^, 1 " ^1 CARRIE JANE BRINK Carrie 3!ane Srinft She spent herself in the interests of the school and the hospital. During the last six years, especially, the work was extraordinarily heavy; the opening of the two new surgical pavilions and the transfer of patients from the old wards to the new was no small business in itself; then came the disorganization of the nursing service due to the war, the epidemic of infantile paralysis and finally, after this the fearful experience with influenza. All this told heavily on Miss Brink. Miss Brink had suffered two attacks of acute phlebitis in veins of her leg and was barely recovered from the last one when, on December 10, 1920, while on her way over from her morning's work she fell in syncope in the entrance- hall of the residence and expired as she was taken to her room. She was fifty-one years of age. Carrie J. Brink, twenty-two years old, came fresh from teaching school to Bellevue in 1891 and was graduated two years later. She was born in Binghamton, New York, in 1869. She became one of the staff of instructors in the Bellevue Training School and in 1898 Assistant Superin- tendent and General Superintendent of the Training Schools of the Department in 1920. Miss Brink is survived by a brother and several sisters; her niece, Miss Dennis, graduated at the Cornell Medical School in 1906, married Dr. John H. Schall of Brooklyn, and she is now in practice in that borough. 47 EVA EMMONS American Red Cross, Women's Overseas Hospital. Died in Labouheyre, Landes, France, in November, 1918. When the war first broke out Miss Emmons volunteered for service with the Red Cross and from April 15, 1915, till January 16, 1916, she served in Belgium with American Red Cross Unit 1. Afterward she went to Paris and volun- teered her services at a hospital there returning home after about a year for rest. On July 10, 1918, she was assigned by the Red Cross to U. S. General Hospital 1 in New York but "did not execute orders as she was on duty in a hospital in New York which was caring for wounded and sick officers under government supervision. Nurse did not notify Red Cross when she went abroad." This was not uncharacteristic of Miss Emmons: she had several singularities. She was a competent nurse nevertheless; she was night superin- tendent of nurses at Bellevue from July, 1910 to May, 1911, when she resigned. When the war first broke out she was quick to respond; she had valuable services to give and she gave them—more than that, she gave her life. Without notifying Red Cross Miss Emmons left this hospital in New York to go with the Women's Overseas Hospital. The next that was heard of her, Miss Noyes writes, is from a newspaper clipping received at Head- quarters in November, 1918, announcing the death of Miss Emmons from influenza at the Refugee Unit at Labouheyre. Eva Emmons was born in Beason, Logan County, Illinois, on November 28, 1885. We have been unable to trace Miss Emmons's family. She was graduated in the class of 1910 at Bellevue Training School. 48 GRACE McBRIDE GRACE McBRIDE Superintendent Warren Memorial Hospital, Hwang Hien, Shantung, American Red Cross Hospital, Tiumen, Siberia. Died in Tiumen, West Siberia, December 23, 1918. Miss McBride was graduated at the Bellevue Hospital Training School, completing the full course in 1911. She was already a graduate of a Philadelphia training school and had spent a time in private nursing but she wanted above all a Bellevue diploma. After leaving Bellevue she took the superintendency of a private hospital in Chatta- nooga and it was while she was there that she decided to devote herself thereafter to mission work. With this end in view she went for special training to the Baptist Mission School in Louisville, Kentucky. Anyone who knew Miss McBride at Bellevue would say that she was pretty well qualified when the Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention decided to send her to China. She left her native land on the China Mail steamer March 16, 1916. After some months at the hospital in Hwang Hien where she had charge of the women's work, she went to the Language School in Peking, and in the spring of 1917 returned to her work in the hospital at Hwang Hien. But things soon were quite different—the great war in the Far West was coming nearer and nearer; Russian revolutions, a Czecho-Slovakian army pushing westward on the Siberian railway, the American Red Cross organizing a great base in Vladivostok, Grace McBride's own country in the fighting, at last, her brothers in the camps—she had a hard struggle with herself which she ended by offering herself to the Red Cross. Accepted by wire she left Hwang Hien and sailed with a party of nurses and doctors from 49 d&racr 9£rJ5ride Shanghai on September 20, 1918, for Vladivostok, arriving there four days later. A Red Cross sanitary train, a fully equipped hospital, was making ready to cross Siberia for an unknown destination. It began its perilous journey on September 29th and Miss McBride was placed in charge of the mess on the train. In a month they arrived at Tiumen, a river town about two hundred miles east of Ekaterinburg, that place of evil memory. Here they were to stay and for four days they lived aboard the train. On November 4th the Tiumen Hospital, A.R.C., was opened and Miss McBride was assigned to the operating room; on December 3rd she became night supervisor. Ten days of this and she reported on the sick-list with typhus fever and in a week and a half, this stout-hearted woman passed away, on December 23, 1918, aged thirty-three years. She is buried in Tiumen. She had intended to return to Hwang Hien but she finished her work in Tiumen. "When she knew her time was short," her mother writes, "she told one of the nurses 'I am not going to get well and will go soon; I am ready—I am not afraid to die.' All through her life she was always ready ... no doubt in answer to her prayers the Red Cross gave the hospital (at Hwang Hien) four thousand dollars of supplies in her memory; they have made the hospital larger." Grace McBride was born in Richland County, Ohio, on December 11, 1885, the fifth child of the late Washington McBride of that county and Mary A. (Au) McBride of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. She had six brothers and three sisters; also two half-brothers and two half-sisters. One half-brother, Doctor Franklin E. McBride, was a graduate of Rush Medical College, Chicago; he died of typhus in Kalgan, China, in 1890, a medical missionary. Mrs. McBride's address is: Mrs. Mary A. McBride, R.F.D. 4, Mansfield, Ohio. 50 KATHLEEN ELIZABETH SYMMES KATHLEEN ELIZABETH SYMMES American Red Cross, Group D, A.E.F. Died in Southampton, England, October 4, 1918. Miss Symmes completed the full course of two years and nine months at the Bellevue Training School for Nurses and was graduated with the class of 1913. She enlisted in the Red Cross in 1918, was assigned to duty as Reserve on May 30th and ordered to U. S. General Hos- pital 1, New York City. She was on duty there until Sep- tember 14th when she was transferred for foreign service and sent oversea with Group D, American Expeditionary Forces. Miss Symmes began the voyage as a nurse—she arrived a patient with influenza and her life closed in hospital in Southampton on October 4, 1918; she was buried at Winchester, England. After graduating, Miss Symmes did private nursing in and about New York until 1916 when she was obliged to go home to take care of her father who had suffered a paralysis. She remained at home for two years, longing all the while to do something to help win the war, little dreaming that she would die before her father and in the line of duty. During the four months here before sailing she wrote home but seldom and not at all about her ex- perience as an army nurse. Born in Aylmer, Quebec, on December 23, 1889, Kathleen Elizabeth Symmes was in her thirtieth year. Her parents are still living in Aylmer; her father, Mr. Tiberius Wright Syimmes was born there while her mother, Lila (Ritchie) Symmes is from Ottawa. She had two brothers and one sister; one brother, Doctor C. R. Symmes, graduated in medicine at the Queens University, Kingston, is in practice at Port Moody, British Columbia; the other is H. T. Sym- mes, and her sister is Mrs. Janet Lois O'Halloran. Her edu- cation was received first at Aylmer, then at Wesrmount Academy in Montreal. 51 THE BELLEVUE UNIT THE BELLEVUE UNIT. Base Hospital 1, A.E.F. Vichy, France. At the time of the Armistice there were one hundred and fifty-three American base hospitals in England, France and Italy, one hundred and twenty-two camp hospitals in England, France and Belgium and thirty-eight evacuation hospitals in France and Germany. Many Bellevue men were attached to these organizations at one time or another. The first fifty of the base hospitals were organized by the American Red Cross; they were numbered from one to fifty and were taken over by the War Department before they left the United States a part of the American Ex- peditionary Forces. When this base hospital plan was broached in 1916 there was some misapprehension concerning it. For one thing, it was rumored that these units might be the only organizations to see service when the United States went into the war. As it turned out this was really an advantage to the Bellevue unit because it brought to it a body of resolute, high-class, well-educated young men who enlisted as privates and signed up with the unit to serve as corps- men. They were eager and anxious for service at the front but they stuck loyally to the unit nevertheless, did all kinds of menial labor at Vichy and they took a large part in the successful work of the unit; it was not the kind of service they had been looking for or expected, but they kept nobly at it till the end—one hundred and fifty- three first class enlisted soldiers. Base Hospital 1 represented Bellevue Hospital specially in France and was widely known as the Bellevue Unit. It 54 bituatg In the course of twenty-nine years down to 1915, the losses by death were ninety-nine, not including Assistant Surgeons Gibbs and Lazear in the Cuban campaign. Had the same rate prevailed during the seven years just past, the deaths should have been twenty-four—there were thirty-seven, besides those caused directly by the war. The average age in the first period was fifty-five years; the youngest was twenty-five and the oldest ninety-three years. In the second period the average age was sixty- one; the youngest thirty-five, the oldest eighty-eight. Set this down to the war—to the power of the Four Horsemen. Many a heart kept the home fires burning and upheld the standards of the Unknown Warrior; suf- fered with him; proud of his honor and his glory, yet unnumbered with him in the terrible toll of War. 64 WILLIAM OSLER From a photograph in the library of the New York Academy of Medicine Sir WILLIAM OSLER, Bt., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Oxford. Doctor Osier was elected to honorary membership in the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital thirty-three years ago when he delivered the Annual Address before the Society at the New York Academy of Medicine in 1889. He was at that time about to resign from the professorship of clinical medicine in the University of Pennsylvania to take the chair of the Principles and Practice of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. Aside from tuberculosis, two of the important subjects in clinical pathology and medicine at that time were: first, the work by Metch- nikoff on the amoeboid cells of the body and his theory that through these cells by a process which he called phagocytosis, the animal body protected itself against bacterial infection or because of its failure, succumbed, and second, the discovery by Laveran in 1880 of the cause of malaria, a discovery which Dr. Osier had only recently convinced himself was true, for, as he says in this lecture, up to 1886 "I was among those who looked upon the work of Laveran with extreme incredulity." This lecture* on "Phagocytes," is a critical resume of this theory of Metchnikoff applied to bacterial infections and an exposition of its failure to meet the facts of malaria. Professor Osier concluded: "while it (phagocytosis) undoubtedly plays a most important part in many pathological conditions, the question of an active destructive warfare waged by the body cells against the micro-organisms of disease must still be considered an open one." Professor Osier was forty years of age in that year; three years more elapsed before the first edition of his great book appeared, the "Text Book of Medicine," in 1902. Doctor Thomas McCrae, in the preface to the last edition, that of 1920, says: "It is a grim coincidence that at the time of my association as assistant author in 1912 he planned to give up active participation in the revision when he reached seventy years of age." Dr. Osier was the sixth son of the Reverend Featherstonei Lake Osier and Ellen (Free) Osier and was born at Bond Head, Ontario, on July 12, 1849. As to his early education: up to 1870 he attended school and Trinity College, Toronto, and in 1872 was graduated in medicine from McGill University where in 1874, after studying 65 &ir CflJilliam <3£>#\tzt 25t. in Europe, he began his teaching career in the chair of the Institutes of Medicine, leaving there ten years later to go to Philadelphia. He was married in 1892 to Miss Grace Revere, the eldest daugh- ter of John Revere and the great grand-daughter of Paul Revere. They had one child, a son; this son died in France in 1917, aged twenty-one, from wounds received in batde. Sir William Osier was made a baronet at the time of the coronation of King George V; some of his many honors were the Sc.D. from Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, Liverpool, and Leeds, that of LL.D. from McGill, Toronto, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Yale, Harvard and Johns Hopkins and D.C.L. from Durham, Trinity and Toronto. He died at his residence, Norham Gardens, Oxford, on December 29, 1919; he was nearly six months over seventy years of age. Bronchitis and pneumonia of an ill-defined type which began with a chill three months before, failed to clear up and resulted in empyema, necessitating an operation a few days before Christmas; following this the patient improved a little but the end came suddenly. Doctor Harvey Cushing has been requested by Lady Osier to write a biography of her husband; he is now engaged upon this work and desires anyone who possesses any authentic notes or letters of Professor Osier to communicate with him at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston. A remarkable incident is recorded of Doctor Osier by his friend, Professor Arthur Thomson of Oxford in the obituary in the British Medical Journal, that in the autumn of the year of his death while on a holiday in the Channel Islands he indulged himself in "all sorts of acrobatic performances, such as standing on his head and turning cartwheels on the sands"! •Trans. Soc. Alum. Bell. Ho»p., 1887-89, pp. 114-136, also N. Y. Med. Jour., vol. xlix, p. 393, April 13. 1889. 66 fiDintuarp WALDRON BURRITT VANDERPOEL m _Gra!*ua,ed *rom Phillips Academy, Andover, 1872, A.B., Dartmouth, 1876, M.D., Columbia, 1879. House Surgeon, 4th Surgical Division, October to April, 1881. Attending Physician in General Medicine, Demilt Dispensary and on the Visiting Staff of Randall's Island Hospital for many years after leaving Bellevue. Doctor Vanderpoel practiced medicine in this city for twenty years and more and, having always a fondness for law, he took up that study while attending to his medical work, graduated from the New York Law School and was admitted to the Bar in 1901. He was born in New York in 1854 the son of Jacob Vanderpoel, who was Dock Commissioner in 1877. Doctor Vanderpoel was a member of the American Medical Association, the Medical Society of the State of New York, the New York Academy of Medicine and the New York Bar Association and the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital for twenty years. He was also for many years a member of the Holland Society and of the D. K. E. Fraternity. He died in Summit, N. J., on March 9th, 1915, of cerebral hemorrhage, aged sixty years. He is survived by a young daughter. ABRAM ALEXANDER SMITH A.B., Lafayette, 1868, A.M., 1871. LL.D.. 1892, A.M. hon Princeton, 1892, M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1871. House Physician on the 3rd Medical Division, April to October, 1872. The year after leaving the hospital Dr. Smith was appointed Attending Physician in Diseases of the Heart and Lungs in the Demilt Dispensary, a position he held till 1879. During these years he acted for some time as clinical assistant to Pro- fessor Alfred L. Loomis in his private classes. He was also Assistant Visiting Physician and Surgeon at the Woman's Hospital under Dr. T. Gaillard Thomas, who was himself an alumnus of Bellevue of the House Staff of 1853. He served here till 1879. In March of this year Dr. Polk resigned the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Bellevue school to teach Gynaecology at the University Medical College; Smith was the Lecturer and in 1880 he suc- ceeded to the full professorship which he held till 1892. This latter year he was made Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and, on the merging of these two schools in 1898, Professor Smith continued in this chair in the faculty, the position he held at the time of his death. In 1882 Dr. Smith was given one of the positions of Visiting on the 3rd Medical Division, the other two being held by Dr. Austin Flint and Dr. Edward G. Janeway. His other hospital appointments were subsequently Consulting Physician to Gouver- neur and the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled. Doctor Smith prepared for college at the Collegiate Institute of Newton, Sussex County, N. J. He was a son of Mr. James Alexander and Mary Ann Corbin Smith and was born at Wantage, nearby Newton, on March 25, 1847. He began practice on leaving Bellevue with Dr. Lent of Cold Spring on the Hudson, and after a short while there, on Dr. Fordyce Barker looking about for a young, active and efficient man to help him in his large and exacting practice, he took Smith into partnership. This was the beginning of private work that made great demands on his time and made difficult, often, the performance of his hospital and college duties; but as time went on and his work in each field in- creased, he gave more and more attention to the college work. He was a very successful practitioner of medicine. He had a charm of person and of manner that attracted; he had a ready insight into character and qualities that endeared him to patients and to students alike. For a long while and up to the time of his death, Doctor Smith was very active in the executive counsels of the hospital and in the Academy of Medicine; he was one of the Trustees of the Academy for ten years. He was a fellow of the American Medical Association, a member of the Association of American Physicians, the Americal Climatological and the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis; the Clinical, the Practitioners' and the Medical 67 €>bituatp and Surgical societies of New York; the University, the Century and the Grolier clubs. In 1874 Doctor Smith married Miss Sue L. Bender of Easton, Pa., who, with twin sons, H. Alexander and W. Schuyler Smith, survives him. He died suddenly at his home of angina pectoris on December 13, 1915, aged sixty-nine years. CHARLES CLIFFORD BARROWS M.D., University of Virginia, 1879; New York University, 1880; House Physician on the 4th Medical Division for the term ending October 1, 1881. Barrows was prepared for college at the Bellevue High School in Liberty, Va., and attended the academic course at the University of that State, 1876-79. After leaving the hospital he entered the Army as Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon and was sent to the Territory of Arizona. He served under General Crook in Indian campaigns. After five years of army service he resigned and returned to New York in 1887, taking up practice with Doctor Polk with whom, both in private practice and in teaching, he was associated for many years. From 1888 to 1893 Dr. Barrows was instructor in Gynaecology in the University Medical College and when the Cornell Medical School was opened he became instructor there in the same subject. He was made Clinical Professor in 1913 in full charge of the department. He served Bellevue Hospital many years as Assistant and as Visiting Gynaecologist on the Second Division. He won renown as a teacher and for his dexterity as an operator. He was Consulting Surgeon to the New Rochelle and Peekskill Hospitals. Doctor Barrows was President in 1894-95 of this society and for many years, until his death, one of its most active and beloved members. He was a Fellow of the American Medical Association and the American College of Surgeons, the New York Academy of Medicine, Medical Society of the State of New York and County of New York, the Clinical and the Obstetrical societies. He belonged to the Racquet, Tennis, Calumet, Army and Navy, Turf and Field, Piping Rock and Metropolitan clubs and the Southern and the New England Societies and the Sons of the Revolution. He was born in Jackson, Miss., June 5, 1857, a son of David Nye and Caroline Mosely Barrows. He died in New York on January 3, 1916, of pneumonia, aged fifty-eight years. He is survived by his widow, Hester Curtis Barrows, his daugh- ter and his son, Dr. David Nye Barrows, who is a member of this society. WISNER ROBINSON TOWNSEND A.B., Columbia, 1877; A.M., 1880; M.D., 1880. After graduation Dr. Town- send was appointed to the 2nd Surgical Division (now the 1st) and served as House Surgeon from April to October, 1881. Leaving the hospital he served for a time as Inspector in the New York City Department of Health. In 1882 he went to South Pittsburgh, Tenn., where he resided for six years. Returning thence to New York, he began the practice of orthopaedic surgery and was appointed in 1889 Assistant Surgeon to the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled, and was asso- ciated with Dr. Virgil P. Gibney, remaining on the staff of that institution until his death. Other hospital positions which he held were: Orthopaedic Surgeon, New York Infant Asylum from 1890, and to the French Hospital, and Consulting Ortho- paedic Surgeon to Bayonne (N.J.) Hospital and S. R. Smith Infirmary, Staten Island; Professor Orthopaedic Surgery, New York Polyclinic Hospital. Dr. Townsend was always very active and prominent in medical society work. He took a very active part in the building up of the Bellevue Hospital Society and remained one of its most loyal supporters. He was Vice-President in 1891 and President 1892-93. A Fellow of the American Medical Association, he served in the House of Delegates in 1906-08, Trustee 1908-11, and 2nd Vice-President of 68 £D(rituatp that association 1914-15. He was Secretary to the Board of Trustees of the New York Academy of Medicine for twelve years; President of the American Ortho- paedic Association in 1899 and President of the New York State Association of Railway Surgeons, 1902.. Dr. Townsend was born in Clinton, N. Y., on August Sth, 1856. For some time prior to his death he had suffered from diabetes mellitus, but the immediate cause of death was a fall from a window. This occurred in this city on March 12, 1916, in the sixty-first year of his age. His widow and two sons survive him. SOLOMON CARRINGTON MINOR A.B., Yale 1873; M.D., N. Y. University 1892. Dr. Minor served as House Surgeon on the 1st Surgical Division (now the 2nd) from April to October, 1893. On leaving the hospital he began practice in Bridgeport, Conn., and resided there for several years. He then returned to New York and was in active practice in Bronx Borough for more than twenty years. He was a Fellow of the American Medical Association and a member of the Bronx County and New York State Medical Societies, the Bronx Medical Socieiy and Physicians' Mutual Aid Asso- ciation. Dr. Minor was born in Waterbury, Conn., and died in New York City on June 16, 1916, aged 66 years. He is survived by a daughter. JULIUS HAYDEN WOODWARD Doctor Woodward was born in Castleton, Vt., the son of Dr. Adrian T. Wood- ward, and received his early education at Brandon, the Norwich Academy and at Cornell, from which institution he was graduated B.S., 1879. He received the M.D. degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., and from the University of Vermont in 1882 and was appointed on the 2nd Surgical Division (now the 1st) and served as House Surgeon from October to April, 1884. Dr. Woodward began practice with his father in Brandon. Vt. He then went to Berlin and studied ophthalmology under Professor J. Hirschberg. On his return to this country he again settled in Burlington and was appointed Professor of Diseases of the Throat at the University of Vermont, and the fol- lowing year, 1887, was transferred to the Chair of Materia Medica, a place which he held till 1893. He held the Chair of Diseases of the Eye and Ear from 1889-98, and was Visiting Ophthalmologist to Mary Fletcher Hospital in Burlington. He went abroad again in 1894 and studied ophthalmology in Paris under Landolt, Trosseau, Volude, de Wecke, Panas, Culizowski and Abadie. In 1897 he moved to this city and soon became one of the leading oculists here. He joined the faculty of the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital and at the time of his death was Director of the Department of Ophthalmology and President of the Faculty Association in that institution. When he took up residence here Dr. Woodward joined the Bellevue Society and in 1907 was elected Vice-President and President the following year. He was a member also of the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological and the American Otological Societies, the Societe Francaise d'Ophthal- mologie, and the Medical Societies of the State and the County of New York and of the State of Vermont, and the New York Academy of Medicine. Another side of Dr. Woodward was his devotion to fishing; he was a member of the Campfire Club and the New York Athletic Club. He also belonged to the Fencers' Club. Doctor Woodward died in this city on July 2, 1916, in the 58th year of his age. He is survived by his widow, Mary Donohue Woodward. 69 Obituary HENRY SELDEN NORRIS Doctor Norris served as House Physician on the 2nd Medical Division from April till October, 1877, having received his M.D. degree from the New York University with the class of 1876. After leaving the hospital his hospital and dispensary connections were in the classes of diseases of women and children par- ticularly. He was clinical Assistant to the Chair of Diseases of Women in the University 1878-83, under Dr. Polk; Attending Physician, Diseases of Children, New York Dispensary, 1878-9 and the New York Dispensary, 1878-83; Diseases of Women. Northern Dispensary, 1882-87; New York Polyclinic, 1884-86. He was Visiting Physician to the City Hospital on Blackwell's Island for many years after 1882 and Consulting Physician to the French Hospital. Dr. Norris maintained active membership in this Society for almost thirty years until his death, and though seldom attending the monthly meetings he was always present at the reunions. He was a fellow of the Academy of Medicine from 1888 and of the American Medical Association; the Medical Society of the State of New York and of the County of New York and of Greater New York. Born in Brooklyn on August 29, 1847, the son of Hiram A. Norris of Maine and Frances H. Dutcher Norris of Albany, Norris was of old English and Holland stock long resident in America. He was prepared for Princeton, but when seven- teen years old he entered business and went to the Far West, returning in 1873 to begin the study of medicine. For seven years he was a National Guardsman, a member of the 7th Regiment, N.G.S.N.Y., and long a member of the Veteran Association. Dr. Norris had traveled widely both here and abroad and had a thorough knowledge of the French and Spanish languages. His clubs and societies were the Colonial Order, the St. Nicholas Society, the Century Association, Union, Players', Strollers, St. Nicholas, New York Yacht clubs. He died after a short illness in this city on November 19, 1916, aged sixty- nine years. THOMAS JOSEPH DUNN Educated at St. John's College, Fordham, N. Y., he was graduated A.B. in 1884 and received the A.M. degree in 1889. His M.D. degree he obtained with the class of '88, New York University. Entering Bellevue Hospital as interne on the 2nd Medical, he served as House Physician from April to October, 1889. Doctor Dunn began the practice of medicine in the Fordham Heights section of the Bronx and continued there till his death. He was Visiting Physician to Fordham and St. Lawrence hospitals and assisted in the organization of the Ford- ham Medical School, becoming Professor of the Practice of Medicine. He waa a fellow of the American Medical Association, a member of the Bronx County Med- ical Society and the Fordham Club; president of the Bronx Sanitarium and a director of the North Side Savings Bank. Dr. Dunn was born in Fordham in 1864; he died there on November 23, 1916. aged 56 years. FRED MILLER CORWIN Ph.G., New York College of Pharmacy, 1877; M.D., New York University, 1881; served as House Physician on the 3rd Medical Division April to October, 1882. Soon after leaving Bellevue Dr. Corwin established in practice in Bayonne, N. J., and remained there throughout his professional career. He was a fellow of the American Medical Association, a member of New Jersey State Medical, the Hudson County and Union County Medical Societies, the Practitioners' Club of Jersey City and President of the Medical Board of Bayonne Hospital. He was also Chief Medical Inspector of the Board of Education of Bayonne and local surgeon of the Central R. R. of New Jersey. Doctor Corwin died in Bayonne of heart disease on January 16, 1917, aged sixty years; he left a widow, a son and daughter. 70 Obituary WILLIAM BANCROFT ANDERTON Graduating from the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1879, Doctor Anderton was appointed interne and served the full term on the 3rd Medical Division rill October, 1881. Directly upon leaving the hospital he was appointed Assistant in Gynaecology in the Out-Patient Department, and to the Chair of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children then held by Professor Lusk, and for several years acted as clinical assistant to Dr. Lusk in the hospital and for several years attendant at Demilt Dispensary, Diseases of Children. Dr. Anderton began practice as junior partner with Dr. Fordyce Barker and Dr. A. Alexander Smith, and as he became more and more actively engaged he withdrew from hospital and college work, devoting himself to the care of his private practice. He became a member of this Society soon after its organization. He waa a Fellow of the American Medical Association, the New York Academy of Medicine, the Medical Societies of the State and the County of New York and the Harvey Society. He was, besides, a trustee of the Broadway Savings Institution, a mem- ber of the Metropolitan Club and the Rockaway Hunt Club. Doctor Anderton was born in this city in 1856 the son of Ralph Leigh Ander- ton and Sarah Knapp Anderton, who was formerly of Richmond, Va. He died very unexpectedly of heart disease on February 23, 1917, at his home in this city. aged sixty years. He is survived by his wife, Elizabeth Palmer Anderton, his son, Dr. Walter Palmer Anderton, a member of this Society, and three daughters. JOHN M. FARRINGTON M.D., New York Medical College 1857; House Surgeon on the 2nd Surgical Division from April to October, 1858, Charles Phelps was his Senior Assistant. For a short while after leaving the hospital he was Attending Physician to the Northwestern Dispensary in Diseases of the Head and Abdomen. Doctor Farrington went to the front in 1862 as Surgeon to the 137th Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry. After the war he practiced at Trumansburg, N. Y., for a while, and then settled in Binghamton, N. Y., where he afterwards remained. At the time of his death he was Consulting Physician to the Binghamton City Hos- pital. He was formerly a Fellow of the American Medical Association and of the Medical Society of the State of New York. He took great interest in the Bellevue Reunions and kept in touch with his former associates on the staff. He died at Binghamton April 19, 1917, aged 84 years. AUGUSTUS ABRAHAM ROSENBLOOM M.D.. Cornell, 1902; House Physician on the Second Medical Division in the term ending January 1, 1905. After leaving the hospital he became Assistant Gynaecologist to the Cornell University Dispensary and was later and until his death Attending Gynaecologist in the Out-Patient Department of the Sydenham Hospital. He was a Fellow of the American Medical Association. Dr. Rosenbloom died of pneumonia in New York on June 28, 1917, aged 37 years. CHARLES YOUNG Doctor Young was graduated A.B. from Princeton in 1861 and received the A.M. degree in 1864. Two years later he received his M.D. degree from the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. He then entered Bellevue and served as House on the Third Medical Division from October, 1867, till April, 1868. He began practice in Newark, N. J., was Visiting Surgeon at St. Barnabas' Hospital 1868-71 and again for many years from 1887. He was one of the first 71 Obituary members of the Visiting Staff of St. Michael's Hospital and until his health com- pelled his retirement a few years ago, Visiting Surgeon to the Newark City Hospital. Dr. Young was a member of this Society for twenty years until 1914. He was a member also of the American Medical Association, the Medical Society of the State of New Jersey and the Medical and Surgical Society of Newark. He died in Newark on July 14. 1917, aged 74 years. HENRY FREEMAN WALKER A.B., Middlebury College, 1860; A.M., 1863; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 1866; House Physician on the Second Medical Division from April to October, 1867. Doctor Walker began his medical career as Assistant in Diseases of Women, P. & S. Dispensary. Attending, Demilt Dispensary, Diseases of Digestion, 1869-70, and Bellevue Dispensary, Diseases of the Heart and Lungs, 1870-72, and Diseases of Women, 1872-75. He then served on the Visiting Staff of the Nursery and Child's Hospital till 1875 when he received the appointment of Visiting Physician to Bellevue Hospital, which position he held till 1884, when he resigned. He was for many years Visiting Physician to St. Luke's Hospital and later Consulting Physician to that institution. Doctor Walker was one of the prominent medical practitioners of this city for many years; he retired in November, 1913. He had been a member of this Society for twenty-six years. He was a Fellow of the American Medical Asso- ciation since 1885 and of the New York Academy of Medicine. He died of heart disease at his summer home in Pittsford, Vt., on August 13, 1917, aged seventy-nine years. WILLIAM CONNER SHAW Doctor Shaw served on the Second Surgical Division from April, 1873, until his term ended as House Surgeon on October 1, 1874. He joined the Society as soon as it was organized and remained an active and intensely interested member for thirty-one years until his death. In 1915 he wrote: "I wish to state my high appreciation of this (the Year Book) and the preceding volumes, though it is with a heart full of sadness that I find the names of most of my personal friends in the long 'Death Roll'," etc. A.B., 1869, A.M., 1872, Washington and Jefferson; M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1872. Shortly after leaving the hospital he began active practice in Pittsburgh, Penn., and for six years was Attending Physician to the Pittsburgh Free Dispensary and ten years Visiting Surgeon to Mercy Hospital, and for many years to the Bethesda Home. Alternate Surgeon, Pennsylvania R. R., 1877-79, Surgeon, P. C. St. L. R. R., 1877-82. He was Medical Examiner for many insurance companies; among these the Equitable and Home Life of New York and the State Mutual of Massachusetts and New England Life. Fellow of the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Medi- cine and Pennsylvania State. Scotch-Irish Society of America, Pennsylvania Scotch- Irish and the West Penn Historical Societies. Doctor Shaw died in Pittsburgh on September 18, 1917, aged seventy-one years. AMI JACQUES MAGNIN B.S., A.B., A.M., University of Geneva, Switzerland, 1878, M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1881. Farulte de Medecine de Paris. 1886. House Surgeon on the Second Division, April to October, 1882. A large part of Magnin's early life was spent in this city. He was the son of French and Swiss parents and his father was in business here. Returning from Paris in 1886 after taking his degree, he was appointed Visiting Surgeon to 72 Obituary the French Hospital in New York, Attending Surgeon, Bellevue Out-Patient Depart- ment m Diseases Genito-Urinary and Assistant Surgeon at the Vanderbilt Clinic. He was Secretary of the New York Academy of Medicine, 1888-89. In the latter year he returned to Paris to practice and remained permanently there. He became one of the prominent practitioners in Paris and many of his patients were Amer- ican visitors and sojourners in the French capital. He made several visits to this country maintaining his friendships here, and was a cordial host to Bellevue men visiting France. Doctor Magnin was one of the organizers of the American Hospital at Neuilly and very active in its building; he was Chief Surgeon to that institution. He was an Officer of the Legion of Honor. He died suddenly in Paris on October 25, 1917, aged fifty-nine years. He left a widow, a son and a daughter. WILLIAM MECKLENBERG POLK Graduating M.D. in 1869 from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, he was appointed interne on the Third Medical Division and served as House Physician from April till October, 1870. Polk came of a family distinguished in American annals and he had a varied military and medical career. His father, Leonidas Polk, was a cousin of James K. Polk, the eleventh President of the United States; he was a graduate of West Point in the class of 1827 but soon afterward resigned, studied theology, took orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church and became missionary bishop in the Southwest and in 1841 was consecrated bishop of Louisiana. Twenty years later, when the war broke out, he resigned his office and joined the Confederate army, becoming major-general, and the next year lieutenant-general. The son, William, at this time seventeen years old, was a student at the Virginia Military Institute. He joined the army a9 a lieutenant of Light Artillery in his father's corps. He wa9 promoted to a captaincy and served throughout the war in many battles, among these Shiloh, Chickamauga and in the Atlanta and Meridian campaigns and at the final surrender was at Meridian, Miss. At the end of the war he got a position as superintendent of an iron mill in Alabama. Here he took up the study of medicine and on the reopening of the Medical Department of the University of Louisiana he spent a year there, later coming to the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Doctor Polk, after completing the full term on the house staff, was appointed curator to the hospital. He began teaching in the Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege in 1871 as an assistant in anatomy and in the summer course in medicine. In 1875 he gave a course of lectures on Diseases of the Abdominal Organs at the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons. He returned to the Bellevue school in the next year as Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine where he remained till 1879. following Janeway and preceding A. A. Smith in this chair. It was in 1879 that he first became identified with the teaching of Gynajcology when he was called to fill this position by the Medical Department of the New York University. Here he stayed until the organization of the Cornell School in 1898, becoming then Dean of that faculty and Professor of Gynaecology. In the meantime he had been appointed Visiting Physician to Bellevue Hospital, in 1874; in 1882, Visiting Gynaecologist which position he held till he retired in 1915 and became Consulting. He was Visiting at St. Luke's for ten years from 1878 and Consulting thereafter, and at St. Vincent's, 1890, Trinity Infirmary, 1878, and Northern Dispensary from 1881. He was President of the American Gynaecological Society, 1896, New York Obstetrical Society, 1884 and of the New York Academy of Medicine 1910-14; member of the Continental Anglo-American Medical Society of Paris and once its Vice-President; one of the founders of the International Congress of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians. His clubs were the Metropolitan, the Army and Navy of Wash- ington, the Sons of the Revolution, the Aztec, the Tennessee, Century Association and the Church Club. Dr. Polk was a Vestryman of Trinity Church. 73 Obituary Doctor Polk w.-.s bom in Ashwood, Tennessee, on August 15, 1844. He had two sons, Frank L. Polk, who was Councilor of the Department of State of the United States in 1918, and John Metralf Polk, M.D., a former member of tkia Society, who served as House on the Second Medical in 1903, and whose death from pneumonia the next year was a grievous blow to his father. Dr. Polk married twice; in 1914 to Miss Dehon of this city, who, with his son, survives him. On June 23, 1918, Dr. Polk died in Atlantic City of cerebral hemorrhage, aged seventy- three years. LOUIS HERMANN AUGUST SCHNEIDER M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1890. House Physician on the First Medical Division from April till October, 1891. Doctor Schneider was born in Germany and came to this country when he was twelve years old. He spent two years at the College of the City of New York, 1885-87. After leaving the hospital he began practice in the Chelsea district of this city and always remained there. He died in New York on August 22, 1918, of cerebral hemorrhage, aged forty-nine years. He was a Fellow of the American Medical Association and the Medical Societies of the State and County of New York. JOHN WARREN Warren attended Rutgers College in 1876 and left to study medicine and was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1881. He served the allotted time on the First Medical Division and was House Physician April till October, 1882. He devoted considerable time to dermatology; was appointed At- tending Physician in Diseases of the Skin at the Bellevue Out-door Department 1882-86, and at the University Dispensary, 1884-85; at the Northern Dispensary, Diseases of Children, 1883-86, lecturing on Minor Surgery at the New York Poly- clinic, and in 1885 he was Sanitary Inspector in the New York City Health De- partment, Summer Corps. During these years he practiced medicine in this city making a specialty of skin diseases. He now entered the service of the Equitable Life Assurance Society as an examiner, finally, in 1907, becoming its Chief Medical Director. Owing to indif- ferent health he retired and returned to the specialty of skin diseases after spending a short course at Johns Hopkins and in London and Paris. He was an active member of the Society from its foundation—thirty-two years. Doctor Warren was of colonial parentage and was born in New Brunswick, N. J. He died at Lake George, N. Y.. on August 2, 1918, from general septicaemia due to an infected tooth, aged sixty-two years. Two sisters and a brother survive him. ROBERT SAMUEL TOPPING Graduate of Peddie Institute, Hightstown, N. J., 1906; M.D., University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1913. House Surgeon on the Third Division from January till July, 1915. He began practice in Newark. N. J., after leaving the hospital and joined the society in December, 1915. He was a member of the American Medical Association, the Medical Society of the State of New Jersy, Medical Society of Northern New Jersey, the Essex County Pathological Society, the New York Academy of Medicine and the Nu Sigma Nu fraternity. Doctor Topping was born in Rutherford, N. J., in December, 1883. His un- timely death from influenza occurred on October 11, 1918, in Newark, N. J. He was thirty-four years old; his wife survives him. 74 Obituary GEORGE WILLIAM THOMSON George William Thomson was of Scottish parentage. His father, the Reverend Adam Thomson, was of Glasgow, a lawyer and clever scholar who prepared for the ministry and, his health demanding residence in a warmer climate, was ordained and went out to Jamaica, British West Indies, as a missionary of the Scotch Kirk. There, at The Manse in Montego Bay, a town on the northwest coast of Jamaica, on July 3, 1867, George William was born. When he was twelvo years old he was •ent to England to be educated at the School for the Sons of Missionaries In Blackheath, London. He studied there for six years and was graduated in 1884. After spending a few months at London University he returned the next year to Montego Bay. In 1889 Mr. Thomson came to New York to study medicine at the Bellevue Medical College and in 1892 he received his degree and an appointment on the Third Medical Division; he was House Physician from April till October, 1893. Then he returned to Montego Bay to begin active practice and he became one of the best known of practitioners of western Jamaica, keeping well up with the times and coming not infrequently to New York, for he had many friends here. When the great war started he would be off to the front and he was deeply disappointed when they would not let him go, they giving as a reason that his American diplomas were not sufficient and, besides, was he not already in gov- ernment service, having been District Medical Officer for four years?—he was needed more at home. Doctor Thomson was a man of high ideals and of decided strength of character and the war stirred him greatly, nevertheless he must needs be content—no easy matter. They made him Captain and Surgeon in the Jamaica Reserve Regiment. Influenza reached Jamaica in October, 1918, with paralyzing force and very soon the D. M. O. of Montego Bay, Doctor Thomson, was stricken down. After two or three days he died on October 16th, aged fifty-one years. He was buried with military honors. Doctor Thomson was married in Jamaica in 1897; his widow is a graduate of the training school of Royal Southern Hospital, Liverpool, England. They had no children; he left his widow, five brothers and six sisters, one of whom died in 1919. FRANK WATSON JACKSON Consulting Physician to Bellevue Hospital. Doctor Jackson served on the Visiting Staff of the First Medical Division for a good many years; he was appointed Assistant Visiting Physician in August, 1889, and advanced to the higher rank in April, 1896. When he resigned on December 31, 1908, he was elected Consulting Physician. He joined this Society as Permanent Associate Member in April, 1897. A graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the class of 1879, he served on the house staff of Roosevelt Hospital and later on the visiting staff; all his hospital work was done at these two hospitals—Bellevue and Roosevelt; he was a member of the Executive Committee of the former and at the latter he was Attending Physician in the Out-Patient Department, 1887-1899, Junior Attending Physician, 1896-1905, Attending Physician, 1905-1916 and Consulting Physician, 1916- 1919. He was first appointed on the teaching staff of the College in 1897 and became professor of clinical medicine in 1906. He was a good teacher and among those whom he had taught he had many friends in after years. He was a good diagnostician too. Strange to say. he was seldom able at the bedside to palpate the spleen; he once was heard to say: "the spleen was not enlarged, at least,, I couldn't feel it—even my house physician couldn't and he can feel things that I can't feel." Doctor Jackson had many agreeable qualities but it would be wrong to say that tact was one of these. And he had an awkwardness of manner both in gait and speech that subjected him to the irreverent though it added much to his pleas- 75 Obituary an tries. Very often testy, he would yet go to exaggerated lengths to make amends. On one occasion he apologized to a student before the whole class for a slight offense that he had unintentionally given. He was the son of the Reverend Charles D. Jackson, D.D., and was born on February 4, 1856; he died in New York of pnuemonia on January 8, 1919, aged sixty-two years and is survived by two daughters. Doctor Jackson was a member of the American Medical Association, the New York Academy of Medicine, the New York Pathological Society, the Century Asso- ciation, the Grolier Club and Sons of the Revolution. TIMOTHY MATLACK CHEESMAN A.B.. 1874. A.M., 1877. M.D.. 1878, Columbia. House Surgeon. Third Division, April till October. 1879. The son of a prominent physician of this city. Dr. Timothy M. Cheesman, he began practice here but later retired to live in Garrison-on-Hudson. He became interested in the new science of bacteriology and for some years taught that branch of medicine at his alma mater. He was a fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine and served for several years as Executive Librarian to the Academy. He was a member of the American Bacteriological Society and a Fellow of the American Medical Association. Doctor Cheesman died in Garrison. N. Y., on February 25, 1919 of cerebral hemorrhage, aged sixty-six years. JOHN WAITE MITCHELL M.D., Bellevue Medical College, 1871, House Surgeon Third Division April till October, 1872. Doctor Mitchell was born in Norwich. N. Y.. on April 6, 1848. He was graduated from the Williston Seminary at East Hampton, Mass., in 1868. After leaving Bellevue he began practice in Providence, R. I., and became one of the nio9t widely known physicians of that State. He was one of the incorporators of the Providence Lying-in Hospital and Consulting Physician and Trustee of that institution for many years up to the time of hi6 death. He was Visiting Physician to Rhode Island Hospital, 1875-83. and Visiting Surgeon for twenty years afterward, and President of the Rhode Island Emergency and Hygienic Association. He was chosen President of the Providence Medical Association in 1886 and of the Rhode Island Medical Society in 1889. He was a Fellow of the American Medical Association and for more than twenty years of the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital. Doctor Mitchell died in Providence, R. I., on February 27, 1919, of pneumonia, aged seventy years. RICHARD EWELL BROWN Graduating M.D. from the New York University in 1894, Doctor Brown was appointed on the Second Medical Division and served as House Physician for the term ending on May 1, 1896. He joined the Society in 1897 and in that year became Attending Obstetrician in the New York Lying-tn Hospital serving till 1905, when he transferred to the position of Assistant Attending at the Manhattan Maternity Hospital, later becoming Attending. He was Attending Physician at the New York Dispensary. Doctor Brown was a Fellow of the American Medical Association and the New York Academy of Medicine and a member of the Medical Society of the 76 Obituary State of New York and the County of New York, the Southern Society and the Sewanee Alumni Society. He was born in Nashville on January 12, 1870; he married Miss Marion Lee of New York. On June 14, 1919, he died in this city of cerebral hemorrhage, aged forty-nine years. He is survived by his wife and several children. FLOYD MILFORD CRANDALL """I" Crandall was graduated from the Geneseo (N. Y.) Normal School in 1879 and then became Principal of that school. He resigned in 1881 to study medicine and was graduated M.D. from the New York University in 1884. He served as House Physician on the Second Division from April to October, 1885. He was appointed Attending Physician to the Bellevue Dispensary, Diseases of Children, 1886-88, serving during the same period as Clinical Assistant in Diseases of Children at the University Medical Department. He then became Lecturer on Diseases of Children at the New York Polyclinic, where he served for many years. He became more and more identified with this special branch of medical practice and finally became one of the leading practitioners in Diseases of Children in the United States. He was editor of the "Archives of Pediatrics" from 1895 to 1901, and wrote numerous articles in text-books and encyclopedias on matters pertaining to this subjeet, and conducted this department in "Progressive Medicine." Dr. Crandall was very active also in medical society work devoting a large amount of time and energy to ethical and legal questions affecting the pro- fession of medicine; he was a zealous advocate of the highest ideals. He was a member of the House of Delegates of the American Medical Asso- ciation and a Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, President at one time of the New York County Society and Secretary of the New York State So- ciety, and a member of several of the national medical associations. At the time of his death he was a member of the New York State Board of Medical Examiners. Crandall was born in Belfast, Allegany County, N. Y., May 2, 1858, the son of Dr. Charles Milford Crandall. He died in New York on November 11, 1919, of pneumonia, aged sixty-one years. He never married and is survived by his sister, Miss Crandall. He was Treasurer of this Society 1895-1903 and President 1910-11. ROBERT COLEMAN JAMES M.D., New York University, 1893, House Physician on the Second Division from April till October. 1895. The start of Doctor James's teaching career was made as Instructor in Medicine in New York University. In 1898 he wa9 appointed Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics and it was in this position that his exceptional talent as a teacher was fully exercised. Doctor James had been Assistant Attending Physician at the New York Lying-in Hospital for several years when, in 1905, he was appointed Assistant Visiting Ob- stetrician to Bellevue Hospital. During his service here the obstetrical department was moved to the new A and B Pavilions and the old Emergency Hospital was closed. This was in 1908. In 1911 the Emergency was re-opened as a School for Midwives and shortly afterward an Out-Door Obstetrical Clinic was established. It was in great measure due to Doctor James's ability and unremitting zeal that the obstetrical service increased from fifteen to almost two hundred cases a month. Doctor James "was a man of extensive knowledge and broad culture in litera- ture, in art and in music. His love of nature was one of the charms of his personality and his minute knowledge of flowers and of trees, of birds and of animals made him a delightful out-of-door companion." (W. E. C). Nothing charmed him more than life out-doors. He spent many a summer on long walking tours in Europe. His constant companion on these trips was Doctor Chaffee, who had served on the house staff in Bellevue with him; these two had traveled afoot through the length and breadth of England and Ireland and on the continent. He 77 Obituary was a man, moreover, of deep religious feeling, void of pretense, a man whose early training guided him throughout life. Doctor James was born on a farm near Lexington, Kentucky, on November 11, 1865, a son of Mr. John G. and Nannie (Coleman) James. His father died when Robert was ten years old and his mother and he moved then to the home of the Reverend Doctor Douglas, pastor of Pisgah Presbyterian Church. He went to school first in Pisgah and then to Transylvania University. On leaving the University he went into business, but this was for a short while only; what he really wanted to do was study medicine and he planned to do this and then, when he reached the age of fifty years, to retire from practice. In 1890, his mother having passed away, he came to New York with his cousin, Warren Coleman, and matriculated in medicine; he was then twenty-five years old. So, when in 1915 he withdrew from an assured position of influence and authority in his profession, he was only carrying out the purpose he had long set his heart upon, of returning to that rural life in Kentucky that he loved. In three years, however, what he had planned he, for a while, set aside. "In order to release Doctor Caldwell for active service in the army (I) came back to New York and took up his work ... for the duration of the war." So he wrote in 1920. At home in October, 1920, he was taken sick with broncho-pneumonia and to this he succumbed. Doctor James died suddenly on November 13, 1920, when it was thought he had recovered. He lived two days beyond his fifty-fifth birthday. He never married. He is survived by his half-sister, Mrs. Phelps, who made her home with him in Kentucky. Doctor James was a member of the Southern Society, the Century Association and the Phi Delta Gamma and Nu Sigma Nu fraternities. He joined the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital in 1897. ROBERT WILLIAMS CARTER A. B. Princeton, '00; M.D., Columbia, '04; First Surgical Division, January 1, 1907; interne, Sloane Maternity Hospital, 1907. Just before the end of his term at Bellevue Doctor Carter had accepted a commission from the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions to go as medical mis- sionary to the Philippines. He married in January Miss Edna S. Ferris of Mont- clair, and after a few months spent at the Sloane Maternity Hospital, he sailed in September, 1907, with Mrs. Carter for that difficult field. Carter came from a long line of missionaries and was imbued from youth with the missionary spirit. His father was the son of the Reverend Thomas Carter of Boonton, N. J., whose father, Robert Carter, was one of the first members of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. His mother, Mrs. Hettie Dodd Carter, was born in Turkey, the daughter of the Reverend Doctor Dodd of Roberts Col- lege, and Mrs. Lydia Dodd, missionaries in the Levant. Doctor and Mrs. Carter went first to Dumaguete, Oriental Negros, and in the Silliman Institute there he was professor of Physiology, Chemistry and Latin. The next year they were transferred to the town of Massin, Island of Leyte and later to Albay, Luzon. Here he developed sprue and after six years of hard and self-sacri- ficing work he came home in 1914 to his native land. His health improved and he opened an office at Verona, N. J., in 1915, and joined this society. In 1917 his health had so much improved that he prevailed upon the board of missions to send him back again to the Philippines. In the course of the next two years the old symptoms re- curred and, though he was so severely affected that he was forced to remain in bed twenty hours a day, he kept up his hospital work each morning until, finally they were compelled to give up once more and return to the United States. This was in 1919. He was in the Presbyterian Hospital, New York, for two months undergoing treatment when, in September, he succumbed. The immediate cause of his death was the rupture of a gangrenous vermiform appendix. Doctor Carter was born in Boonton, N. J., on July 15, 1878, and he died on November 21, 1919, aged forty-one years. He is survived by his wife, hii mother and several brothers and sisters. 78 Obituary OLIVER THOMPSON HYDE 1 1903" AmherSt* 1897; MD- Columb'a. 1901; First Medical Division, January Immediately after his service in Bellevue Doctor Hyde spent nearly two years in post-graduate work in Berlin and Vienna. He then began practice in Des Moines, Iowa, in the fall of 1905. His health failing he went to New Mexico in that year, and remained there the rest of his life. During the last ten years he devoted his entire time as a specialist in the treatment of tuberculosis. For five years he was Medical Director of St. Joseph's Sanatarium at Silver City, N. M., and from 1915 to the date of his death he occupied a similar position in St. Joseph's Sanitarium in Albuquerque, N. M. Notwithstanding his poor health he was able to do a great deal of work, and he built up this latter institution to a large and well-known sanitarium. Doctor Hyde was born in Ellington, Tolland Co., Conn., on August 4, 1875, and died in Albuquerque, N. M., February 2, 1920 of pulmonary tuberculosis, aged forty-four years. He is survived by his brother, Mr. E. B. Hyde, of Albuquerque. DANIEL RUSSELL PHILLIPS A.B., University of Michigan, 1884, M.D., Columbia, 1887. House Surgeon on the Fourth Division from October 1888 till April 1889. Doctor Phillips was the son of Dr. Samuel Phillips and Anne (Russell) Phillips and he was born in Leavenworth, Kansas, on September 26, 1863. He prepared for college at the Leavenworth High School and then went to Ann Arbor where he was graduated at the University of Michigan, A.B. in 1884. After finishing his service at Bellevue he went abroad for study where he remained two years, at Gottingen, Hanover and Vienna, returning thence to practice in Leavenworth. He was a member of the U. S. Pension Examining Board from 1892 till 1898. a member of the staff of St. John's Hospital and of the Cushing Hospital in Leavenworth and taught surgical nursing in the Training School for Nurses in the latter institution. Dr. Phillips was a most congenial member of the house staff of Bellevue and had many friends among the men of his time there. He joined the Society in 1897 and kept up his active membership for twenty-three years till his death. He was a member of the Leavenworth County and Kansas State Medical societies and the American Medical Association. For several years latterly, Doctor Phillips had been in bad health and his work was much interrupted in consequence, yet he was able, while residing tem- porarily in Philadelphia to work on the Draft Board. He died on March 5, 1920, aged fifty-six years, quite suddenly and unexpectedly in St. Francis Hospital, Topeka, where he had lived for six months. The immediate cause of his death was myocardial disease. In 1900 Doctor Phillips married Miss Theresa Rossington, a daughter of Mr. W. H. Rossington, a prominent lawyer of Kansas living in Topeka. He had two daughters, the Misses Mary Ann and Florence who, with Mrs. Phillips survive him. Mrs. Phillip's address is 197 Nutley Avenue, Nutley, N. J. JOHN WILLIAM SEVERIN GOULEY Doctor Gouley was born in New Orleans, La., on March 11, 1832. He was of French lineage. He studied medicine in New York and was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1853. Immediately afterward he entered Belle- vue as interne on the First Medical Division serving till the spring of 1854. This same year he was appointed Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy in New York University and held this position till 1857. He was Demonstrator, 1859-61. In 1855 he was Demonstrator and 1856 Professor of General, Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy at the Vermont Medical College at Woodstock. 79 Obituary He served in the Civil War as Assistant Surgeon, U.S.A., from 1861 to 1864 and was Surgeon-in-charge, U. S. General Hospital, Central Park, N. Y., 1863-64. After the war he resumed his college work as Adjunct Professor of Anatomy at the New York University, and in 1866 was Professor of Clinical Surgery and Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs from 1867 till 1871 and again 1876-85. Doctor Gouley was Curator to the Wood Museum, Bellevue Hospital, 1855-59, was appointed Visiting Surgeon in 1859 and in 1900 was made Consulting Surgeon, so that he "had the unique honor of serving his hospital alma mater for a period of sixty-seven years." • * * "His lectures proved signally interesting and in- structive to the student bodies. They were characterized by the cultured manner of his delivery, by his unfailing courtesy toward his listeners and by that perfection of diction and rare phraseology which always distinguished him as a writer and a lecturer." * * * "From his earliest membership in this society Dr. Gouley displayed his marked personality in its management and advancement. His erudition and knowledge of procedure were invaluable when it came to the framing of our present Constitution and By-Laws and they owe much of their orderly form and provisions for unforeseen contingencies to his care, acumen and zeal." Doctor Gouley was Visiting Surgeon to St. Vincent's Hospital 1865-68 and Con- sulting Surgeon from 1891 till his death. He was the author of "Diseases of the Urinary Organs" (1873), which subject was his special field, and of "Diseases of Man: Data of their Nomenclature, Classification and Genesis," (N. Y. 1888). He was a Fellow of the American Medical Association and an honorary mem- ber of the Royal Academy of Science, Havana, Cuba. Dr. Gouley died in Brooklyn at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Lamarche, on April 26, 1920, aged eighty-eight years. At the Seventh Reunion and Banquet of this society at Delmonico's on Feb- ruary 4th, 1903, a loving cup was presented Doctor Gouley on behalf of the society by Dr. Charles Phelps, his colleague on the Fourth Division, in commemoration of his fifty years of service in Bellevue Hospital. SILAS PIERSON LEVERIDGE House Surgeon on the Second (now the First) Surgical Division from April till October, 1880. He was Senior Assistant to Doctor Gorgas. He served as Ambulance Surgeon for about fifteen months before entering upon his internship. He was graduated at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1879 in the same class with Doctor Gorgas. Doctor Leveridge lived and practiced medicine on East Broadway in this city between Gouveraeur and Montgomery Streets on the same block where, on October 31, 1855, he was born. His father, John L. Leveridge, and his grandfather, John W. C. Leverdige, were physicians and practiced in that part of the East Side for many years before him. He was therefore firmly linked with that district of New York. When he left the hospital in 1880 Doctor Leveridge was appointed Attending Surgeon to the New York Dispensary and Attending Physician to the Eastern Dispensary. He resigned the former place after five years and was advanced to the position of Visiting Physician at the Eastern. Resigning this place in 1888, he devoted himself to private practice thereafter. He was always actively engaged, not only in medical and charitable work, but in political affairs as well. Doctor Leveridge died of pneumonia on March 16, 1921 after an illness of five days, and his death occurred in the same house on East Broadway in which he had lived for forty years. He was sixty-four years old when he died; he is survived by his daughter, Miss Ethel S. Leveridge. The war brought great sorrow to Doctor Leveridge; his only son, Robert Mackenzie Leveridge, was killed in France while serving with the 105th Machine Gun Company. 27th Division, A. E F. 80 Obituary HARRY MITCHELL SHERMAN House Surgeon on the Third Surgical Division from April till October, 1881. A.B.. Trinity College, 1877, A.M., 1880, M.D., Coumbia, 1880. Doctor Sherman was one of the most prominent of the medical men on the Pacific coast and had practiced in San Francisco since about 1885. His special interest was orthopaedic surgery. He was made Emeritus Orthopaedic Surgeon to the Children's Hospital in San Francisco after thirty-five years of service and Emeritus Surgeon to St. Luke's Hospital in that city after twenty years at that institution. He was a fellow of the American Medical Association and the American College of Surgeons, a member of the American Orthopaedic and the American Surgical Associations and of the California Academy of Medicine. His war service at first was on Medical Advisory Board 5 in San Francisco, and afterwards, although sixty-three years of age, he was called to the active list in the rank of Major and sent to Fort Rosecrans, San Diego, as chief of the surgical service in the post hospital, serving about five thousand men in training and the aviators at Rockwell Field. The problem of the control of cancer deeply interested Doctor Sherman; he was a very active member of the American Society for the Control of Cancer and Director of that society since its organization. At the time of his death he waa one of the vice-presidents and Regional Director for California and Nevada, organ- izing the work and addressing public audiences in principal cities of these two states. Doctor Sherman was born in Providence, Rhode Island on November 23, 1854. Before he settled in San Francisco he resided for a short while, first in Providence and then in Cold Spring, New York. He died in San Francisco of broncho-pneu- monia on May 15, 1921, aged sixty-six years. A loyal member of this Society for more than thirty years he attended several reunions and kept in touch with what was going on at Bellevue. RICHARD KALISH M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1875, House Surgeon on the Fourth Surgical Division from April till October, 1877. The year after his leaving the hospital, Doctor Kalish was appointed Visiting Surgeon to the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary where he served twelve years. In 1880 he joined the Visiting Staff of Charity (now City) Hospital and after serving thirty-two years he was advanced in 1912 to be Consulting Ophthalmologist; he was very active, always, on the Medical Board of this hospital. He was Con- sulting Ophthalomologist to St. John's Hospital, Long Island City from 1892, the Knickerbocker (J. Hood Wright) Hospital from 1900 and Sea View from 1911. Doctor Kalish joined the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital in 1887 and there was no more loyal, not to say enthusiastic member, than he—always ready and always a very diligent worker on committees. He was elected President of the Society in 1889 and presided at the first Reunion and Banquet in 1890. He was a fellow of the American Medical Association, the American College of Surgeons and the New York Academy of Medicine; he served as Assistant Secre- tary to the Academy from 1886 till 1892, and for the next three years he was Recording Secretary. He was a member also of the Northwestern Medical and Surgical, the New York Medico-Surgical societies and the Society of Alumni of City Hospital; of the New York Yacht Club, the Manhasset Bay Yacht Club and the Manhattan Club. In 1890 Doctor Kalish created a stir in medical and ophthalmological circles by several papers advocating a method of checking the progress and causing the absorption of immature cataract, a method in which he firmly believed. Doctor Kalish was a son of Joseph and Johanna Benas Kalish; he was born in New York City on June 20, 1854, and he died in this city of myocardial disease on his brithday, June 20, 1921, aged sixty-seven years. He never married, and he is survived by a sister, Miss Anna Kalish, who lived with him. 81 Obituary HENRY HERMAN House Physician on the Third Medical Division from October, 1884, till April, 1885. A.B., of the College of the City of New York, 1879, and M.D., of the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1883. The Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital was organized with two purposes in view—one scientific, the other social; the spirit of good-fellowship and con- fraternity was to be as prominent in its make-up as scientific dissertation. Doctor Herman was one of the moving spirits in its inception somewhat over a year after he left the hospital. He had not been long on the house staff before he was nick- named "The Judge," presumably because of an air of authority he quizzically assumed and, perhaps, the swarthy zygomaxillary whiskers which, for a short while he cultivated, deepened the illusion. Herman was always within reach whether the discussion was convivial or controversial—he could make a digest of anything. He well knew the Junior's place in the hospital economy and he made it easy for the Junior to keep it for he, himself, had been one. He was open-handed, a shrewd observer and good in diagnosis. So it followed that Doctor Herman was elected the first president of the young organization. He contributed frequently to the scientific programme for a number of years and he always attended the reunions. Doctor Herman made no hospital connections and he joined few societies. He was a member of the American Medical Association. He devoted himself to his family practice which was large and very loyal to him, and notwithstanding the fact that for several years he was a sufferer from pulmonary emphysema, he was a busy doctor. In July, 1921, shortly after he had gone to his summer home at Long Branch, New Jersey, he developed pneumonia and in three days, on July 12th, he unex- pectedly died. He was sixty-one years old and was born in New York, November 15, 1860. He married Miss Elinore Wise who, with his son, Mr. Henry Herman, survives him. CHARLES ELIHU QUIMBY Doctor Quimby was House Surgeon on the Second (now the First) Surgical Division from April till October, 1879; his Senior Assistant was William C. Gorgas and his Junior, Silas P. Leveridge. He seems to have had no further chirurgical aspirations. When he left the hospital he betook himself to a place called Great Falls, near Somersworth, New Hampshire, and practiced there for two years returning to New York in 1882. Here he remained. In 1884 he became associated with Doctor Alfred L. Loomis, who was then professor of medicine in the New York University, and he served as quizmaster, lecturer, assistant and then adjunct professor, successively, under Professor Loomis until the latter's death in 1895, when Doctor Quimby was made clinical professor of medicine, a position held at his death. He was Attending Physician in Diseases of the Heart and Lungs in the University Dispensary and the Bellevue Out-Patient Department for ten or more years. Assistant Visiting Physician, Second Division, from 1888 till 1895 and Visiting Physician, Second Division, from 1888 till 1895 and Visiting Physician to Charity (City) Hospital since 1895. Born in New Ipawich, New Hampshire, on June 21, 1853, Charles E. Quimby was the elder son of Elihu Thayer Quimby and Nancy A. (Cutler) Quimby. His father was principal of the Appleton Academy in that town and young Quimby was prepared for college there and, his father having been appointed professor of mathematics at Dartmouth College, in private schools in Hanover, and at the Norwich Academy. Doctor Quimby graduated in arts in 1874 at Dartmouth, and went to Gardner, Massachusetts, as principal of the high school. He began the study of medicine in Hanover, N. H., under Doctor A. B. Crosby, took his A.M. in 1877 and in 1878 came to New York to complete his medical course at New York University receiving his diploma the same year. He married in 1881 Miss Julia M. Cobb of Hanover. They had two children, Miss Aldana Ripley Quimby and Miss Dorothy Marian Quimby, who with their 82 Obituary mother survive him. He died in New York of cerebral hemorrhage on November 6, 1921, aged sixty-eight years. Doctor Quimby joined this Society in 1895 and was elected president in 1899. His precise, positive manner of speaking and his respect for the rules of logic, his appeals for the application of pure science were entertaining features of his papers. An example of his style is the following from a thesis he presented to the Society in 1899 on "Logical Analysis in Therapeutics"—"My plea, then, is not for more knowledge, but simply for a more scientific and exhaustive analysis of the facts in hand, to the end that our clinical therapeutics may keep pace, non de nomine, sed de facto, with abstract scientific investigation, and thereby un- qualifiedly merit that laurel crown which should be reserved for and bestowed only upon manifest power to control disease and relieve suffering." His liking for physics was perhaps a reason why he was attracted so much by the pneumatic cabinet; he was an ardent advocate of the cabinet in the "treatment of thoracic diseases" and the arrest of pulmonary haemorrhage. He was a member of the American Medical and the American Climatological Associations and president of the latter in 1909; he was also a member of the New York Academy of Medicine, the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity and club and the New York University Club and a trustee of the Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital of Hanover, New Hampshire. 83 CHRONICLES BELLEVUE CHRONICLES 1714 March 24. The Common Council of the City of New York appointed a "Committee to Consult with the Mayor about the building of A poor house and house of Correction in this City and that they Consider of A Convenient place to Erect the same, of the Demensions and Materialls and of ways & Means for Raising A fund for the Compleat- ing thereof & make Report thereof to the Next Common Council." (Nothing further is to be found in the minutes regarding this till twenty years after.) 1734 "Att A Common Council held at the City Hall of the Said City on friday the twentieth day of December Anno Dom 1734. Whereas the Necessity, Number and Continual In- crease of the Poor within this City is very great and Ex- ceeding burthensome of the Inhabitants thereof for want of a Workhouse and House of Correction and Whereas there is not yet any Provision made for the Relief and setting on Work of Poor Needy Persons and Idle Wandring Vagabonds, Sturdy Beggars and Others, who frequently Committ divers misdemeanors within the Said City, who living Idly and unimployed, become debauched and Instructed in the Practice of Thievery and Debauchery for Remedy whereof, it is unanimously Agreed by this Court and Resolved that there be forthwith built, Erected and Made at the Charge of this Corporation A good, Strong and Convenient House and Tenement, upon part of the unimproved Lands of this Corporation," (near the 9ite of the present City Hall) "And that ***** be a Committee to lay out a Convenient piece of Land there, for that use, large Enough to Erect Additional Buildings thereupon, for Workhouse and Other Conven- iencys, if Occasion Require, and for Needful Yardroom and Garden; and Cause the Surveyors of this City to make a Draft thereof. That the House and Tenement to be built thereupon be of the Demensions following (Vizt.) fifty Six foot long, twenty four foot wide from Outside to Outside, two Stories high, with A good Cellar, all of Stone and the Same to be divided into Such and so many Rooms as the Said Committee shall direct. And that the said Committee in the Name and for the use of this Corporation, do Agree 86 IBtlltbue CJjronicItg and contract for Timber, Stone and Other Materialls, and Workmen and Labourers for the Speedy Carrying on of the Said Building assoon as the season of the year will per- mitt which said Building shall be Called the Publick Workhouse and House of Correction of the Said City, and Imployed and Appropriated for that use; and that the same Committee do make their Report to this Court of their proceedings therein with all Convenient Expedition." 1736 March 31. The building being now ready for occupancy the committee in charge recommended "That for the fur. ther rendring the said House of Correction Workhouse and and poorhouse serviceable and usefull for the purposes thereby Intended, We have Consulted with several persons of Knowledge and Judgment touching this Affair, have maturely considered the Matter and Informed ourselves (as much as in Us lyes) of what other things may be need- full and necessary to be done herein and do further Report as our Opinion, that the Keeper be called the Keeper of the House of Correction and Master of the Workhouse and poorhouse." ********* Moreover, We report it as our opinion, that the upper Room at the West End of the said House be suitably furnished for an Infirmary and for no other Use whatso- ever:" (In this room and at this time Bellevue Hospital had its beginning. Doctor John Van Beuren, a graduate of the University of Leyden, had charge of the sick in the infirmary at an annual salary of £100. He served till 1755.) 1739 May 15. A Committee was ordered "to make an additional Building at the Poorhouse of this City for A Receptacle and Conveniency of Such unhappy Poor as are or shall be Visited with any Malignant or Obnoxious disease, in such manner as they shall see most Needfull and Convenient for the purposes Aforesaid." 1753 A gay poorhouse—October: arrival of "His Excellency Sr Danvers Osborn Baronet Capt General and Governour in Chief of the Province of New York and the Territories thereon Depending in America and Vice Admirall of the, same." A committee was ordered to "Invite the Councill, Such members of the Assembly as shall be in Town, the Capt. of the Mann of Warr with Such Gentlemen as Came over with him," etc., etc., "to Dine with his Excellency Sir Danvers Osborn Baronet to-morrow (October 10) at the 87 BeUebtie C&ronicleg house of George Burns near the Long Bridge in this City, and that the said Committee Do forthwith Give orders for preparing the said Dinner Agreable to the Occasion, also Ordered that the said Committee Cause a Bonfire to be made in the Commons Near the Work house and Procure three Dozen of Wine to be sent to the said fire, that the City Hall, the Alms house and the fferry house be Illu- minated, that half a Barrell of Cannon powder be provided by the said Committee to Discharge Some Cannon that Lay in the Commons, near the Bonfire, and that the Expence of all which be paid by this Corporation." 1755 Doctor Van Beuren was succeeded by his youngest son Beekman Van Beuren. 1766 A new building was added as an enlargement of the poor- house. 1776 The inmates were transferred to Poughkeepsie where they remained until after the peace of 1783. After the great fire of September 21st about 300 destitute were received into the almshouse. 1783 Several outbuildings were added to accommodate the poor together with those returned from up the river. 1785 A census taken on November 14, showed a total of 301 inmates. 1794 The Belle Vue place of about 5 acres on the East River "opposite the three mile stone" belonging to Mr. Brock- hoist Livingston was purchased for use as a quarantine hospital for yellow fever cases. The Legislature granted authority to the Common Council to raise £10,000 by means of a public lottery in order to procure funds to build a new almshouse. 1795 Belle Vue place used as a pest house in charge of Dr. John McFarlane acting under the authority of the Com- missioner of Health. 1796 A new Workhouse and Almshouse opened on the north side of Chambers Street with 622 inmates. It was three stories high 260 x 44 feet with projections 15 x 30 feet. 1797 Old poorhouse demolished. (The present City Hall was built on its site in 1811.) 88 ±--7-—~ >~2 ANNO AETATIS 107 TSellebut C$r0nicUjS 1798 Belle Vue again used as a fever hospital under Dr. Isaac S. Douglass who, after his experience here, declared it as his opinion that yellow fever is a non-contagious disease. In six months 389 patients were cared for; there were 16 nurses. Board of Almshouse Commissioners supersedes the Mayor, Recorder and Committee of the Common Council. 1501 Dr. William Mcintosh began a service of five years as 'physician, surgeon, accoucheur and apothecary." 1804 Lectures on the obstetric art were given in the lying-in ward of the Almshouse to women exclusively. 1809 Census of the infirmary: 166 patient9 and 22 nurses. 1810 Two resident physicians in charge. 1811 Negotiations looking toward a site for a new and still larger Workhouse and Almshouse culminated in the purchase of part of the Kip's Bay Farm consisting of a little, over 6 acres adjoining on the north the Belle Vue Hospital place, for $22,494.50. Corner stone laid by Mayor De Witt Clinton on July 29. It lies on the south-east corner of the chapel. The architect was Alderman William Hoghland. 1814 An additional purchase was made on the north boundary of the new plot for $3,000. 1816 New buildings completed and opened on April 29, at noon; the chaplain, the Rev. John Stanford, officiating. The hospital was housed in two brick buildings, 75 by 25 feet; one was used for male and one for female patients. These buildings were situated, one on the south side of 28th Street and the other on the north side of 26th Street just west of First Avenue, with the Workhouse and the penitentiary buildings between them; the main building just east of the Avenue being the Almshouse proper. The old building in Chambers Street was rented to Scudder's Museum. 1817 Census showed over 200 patients in hospital. Staff reor- ganized: two visiting physicians and surgeons and two in- ternes appointed. 89 BelUbur Chronicle* 1818 Additional purchase made of part of the Rose Hill Farm for $1000 so that the plot extended from Second Avenue to the river and from 28th Street to 26th Street. It was sur- rounded by a stone wall 10 feet high. Total cost complete, $422,109.56. .... First epidemic of typhus fever in the Belle Vue Establish- ment. 1819 New fever hospital at Hallett's Point placed in charge of the Belle Vue physicians who also assert their belief in the non-contagiousness of yellow fever. 1823 Purchase of still another part of the Rose Hill Farm at foot of 23rd Street for $2,500 upon which to build a fever hospital. 1825 Doctor Belden of the house staff died in the hospital of typhus fever which prevailed in epidemic form. There were 14 cases among the officials with 5 or 6 deaths. Opening of the new building. It was situated on an elevation on the river front; was of stone, four stories high, 180 x 50 feet. The insane were placed in the two lower floors and the in- fectious fever cases in the fourth floor. The infirmary was removed from the two brick pavilions to the south end of the Workhouse building, and the pavilions were given over to children and nurses. A committee of medical men, appointed by the Common Council, advised that the hospital be separated from the rest of the establishment. Staff was reorganized. Resident physician appointed in place of the Visiting; he was assisted by two internes. 1827 Hospital census, 233 patients. Typhus fever rife. 1828 Blackwell's Island was purchased for $32,000 and a new penitentiary begun. 1832 Asiatic cholera first appeared. There were 2,000 cases with 600 deaths in Bellevue. 1834 Asiatic cholera again rampant. 1836 The male prisoners were transferred to the new penitentiary on Blackwell's Island. 1837 An amphitheatre for clinical lectures was suggested. Hospital census, 265 patients. 90 TSellebue C§ronicli0 1838 The female prisoners were removed to the Tombs prison which had just been completed. 1839 The insane were transferred to the new asylum on Black- well's Island, leaving only the almshouse still at Bellevue. 1843 The resident physician's salary was $1500; the nurse re- ceiving $100, the chaplain, $600. In the nine months ending in April there were 1584 dis- charges and 364 deaths, 342 patients remaining; there were 109 maternity cases and 11 cases of puerperal fever. 1845 Sale by auction of about 12 acres of the grounds and Belle- vue was thereby restricted to the ground between 26th and 28th Streets east of First Avenue. 1846 Typhus fever became epidemic and caused another death on the staff—Lawrence. Census of 500 patients. Six assistant physicians served each for one year on a rotation of services of two months—viz., 1st, Phthisis and Chronic cases; 2d, Ulcers; 3d, Lying-in; 4th, Penitentiary and Small Pox (on the Island); 5th, Acute Diseases; 6th, Surgical cases. 1847 Typhus fever again prevailed causing two deaths on the staff: Porter and Van Bueren. The Resident estimated that there had been 1995 fever cases in 7 months with 347 deaths. Several doctors volunteered to live in the hospital and did so. Hospital census, 309 patients. 1848 Seven deaths on the staff from typhus: Beals, Blakeman, Cahoon, Hedges, Green, Seligman and Worth. Almshouse building at last vacated and the inmates re- moved to the island. The hospital was then transferred to the main building. 1849 Board of ten Governors of the Almshouse Department, chosen at general election, supersedes the Commissioner. Medical Board of Consulting and Visiting Physicians and Surgeons appointed. The first amphitheatre arranged and on Friday, March 2, at 1 p. m., it was opened with an address by the Resident Physician; a clinical lecture was given by Doctor William H. Van Buren and the operation of lithotomy performed. 91 BtUlebue Chronicles The office of Resident Physician was abolished. First competitive examination for appointments on the House Staff took place in December: three medical and two surgical divisions were established. Total number of cases treated, 3711; total deaths, 483. 1851 Deaths of Gridley and Ravenhill of the house staff from typhus fever. Typhus fever, cholera, puerperal fever and erysipelas were prevalent from 1851 to 1854. 1852 A regular diploma was first issued to members of the house staff in October of this year; from April, 1850 till October, 1852, a certificate of service was given. Total deaths from typhus fever, 122—over 19% of the total mortality. 1855 Hospital greatly over crowded, patients placed in the gar- rets, in the basement and even in a room over the cook house. The north wing along 28th Street built to height of four stories at a cost of $60,000. It was opened April 23. Deaths from puerperal fever averaged 10 a year for the past six years—the deliveries averaged 210. The almshouse building in Chambers Street was destroyed by fire. 1856 A fourth story was added to the main building and a new amphitheatre built to accommodate 600. The Fourth Medical Division was organized. A certificate of attendance was issued to students by the Medical Board. 1857 Completion of a new Pathological building and the Wood's Pathological Museum. A course of clinical lectures inaugurated. 1859 The Third Surgical Division was established. 1860 Board of Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction supersedes the Governors. Death of Richards of the house staff from typhlitis. 1861 Typhus fever epidemic. The Medical College incorporated and the building erected in the hospital inclosure. 92 T&tlltbue Chronicles 1863 Deaths of three of the house staff from typhus fever: Cook, King and Olmsted. Certificate to students discontinued. Opening of Bureau for the Relief of the Out-Door Poor in ground floor of the college building. 1864 Three more deaths from typhus fever on the house staff: Rowe, Devlin and Dewey. In the two years there were 14 cases out of 21 members with 6 deaths. 1866 Death of Zabriskie from typhus and of Pell from Asiatic cholera. Reorganization of the Island Services; the Island Hospital named the Charity Hospital and placed under a separate medical board. Fourth Medical Division discontinued. 1869 The first city ambulance service in the world organized at Bellevue in June by Col. E. B. Dalton of the staff of 1859. Relapsing fever appeared: six members of the staff became sick; all recovered. 1870 Pavilion opened for compound fracture cases to segregate them from cases of suppuration and erysipelas. Puerperal fever severe with 33 deaths from this disease. In this year there were 598 births. 1871 New amphitheatre built. 1872 Committee of Medical Board formed to consider the pre- valence of erysipelas and pyaemia in the hospital. 1873 Public clamor for the removal of the hospital as being totally unfit to house the sick. The number of beds were reduced from 900 to 600, allow- ing 1280 cubic feet of air to each patient. Establishment of the "New York Training School for Nurses attached to Bellevue Hospital," the first in this country. 1874 Puerperal fever very severe, there being 31 deaths in 166 cases of confinement in six months. Obstetrical service removed to the Island. The Fourth Medical Division re-established and the Fourth Surgical Division organized. 93 Bellebue Chronicles 1877 The Emergency Hospital opened for the reception of acute obstetrical cases and attached to the Bellevue service. 1879 Erection of the Sturges pavilion, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Osborn. Opening of the Pavilion for the Insane. Death of Williams of the house staff from encephalitis. December 6, 11 p. m. Fire destroyed a wooden pavilion comprising two wards for women and children and caused a loss of four lives. 1880 Death of Hunt of the house staff from diphtheria. 1881 Death of Hammond from septicaemia. 1882 Services of the hospital were allotted severally to the faculties of each of the three medical schools of the city and one, the Fourth, was restricted to noncollegiate appointments. Death of Young of the house staff from septicaemia. Resident physician appointed to the Pavilion for the Insane. 1883 Erection of the Marquand Pavilion, the gift of F. & H. Marquand, on the site of the pavilion which was burned in 1879. 1884 Death of Hubbard from typhoid fever. 1885 Opening of Gouverneur Hospital. 1886 The Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital organized. 1887 Erection of the Townsend pavilion, the gift of Mrs. R. H. L. Townsend. Opening of the building for the General Drug Depart- ment to supply most of the municipal hospitals and prisons. Harlem Hospital opened. 1888 The Mills' Training School for Male Nurses established, the money for which was presented by Mr. D. 0. Mills. 1890 A new amphitheatre built, together with the Crane operating room; the latter in memory of Doctor John J. Crane, a gift from his daughter, Mrs. Mary Crane Mills. The first reunion and banquet of Bellevue men was held in April; 166 former members of house staff attended. The Dehon Annex built by Miss M. H. Dehon. 94 25ellebue Chronicles A sulte of four rooms, a gift from Miss Lazarus to the Alumnae Society of the Training School, was built over the Marquand pavilion to be used as an infirmary. Opening of a pavilion for alcoholic patients. Fordham Hospital established. 1896 Installation of a house system of telephones. 1901 Death of Hess from scarlet fever. 1902 Department of Bellevue and Allied Hospitals, established and placed under the direction of a Board of Trustees ap- pointed by the Mayor. Board urges the necessity for an entirely new Bellevue Hospital. Death of Ryan from acute tuberculosis. The Mills' School placed in the jurisdiction of the Train- ing School for Women Nurses. 1903 Board of Estimate and Apportionment appropriates $75,000 for plans and specifications for a new Bellevue. Adoption of a new system of taking and caring for clinical records; record department opened in the remodeled college building and placed under the supervision of a Committee on Clinical Records. 1904 A Director of Pathological Laboratories appointed having supervision of all laboratories of the Department. Office of Dietitian established. 1905 General Medical Superintendent installed. 1906 Purchase of ground for a new Nurses' Residence between 25th and 26th Streets at a cost of $244,000. City appro- priates $628,000 for the building. The Bureau for Social Service and Convalescent Relief Work organized by Miss Mary E. Wadley, Bellevue, 1884, with offices in the Dormitory (College) building. 1907 Title acquired to the block north of the hospital at a cost of $1,664,658.54. This acquisition with the bulk-head line extended 200 feet, will increase by 75% the present site. Opening of new Harlem and Fordham Hospitals. The nursing staff of both of these hospitals is placed under juris- diction of Bellevue Training School. 95 Bellebue Chronicles The House-keeping Department, Distribution of Medical and Surgical Supplies, Relief Work and District Nursing placed in care of the Training School for Nurses. The Society of Alumni established two annual prizes of $100 each which may be awarded to members of the house staff for papers based on observations and studies made in the hospital and presented within one year of the termina- tion of their interneships. 1908 Opening of Pavilions A and B of the new hospital plan with 430 beds for medical and obstetrical cases. Emergency Hospital closed and the obstetrical service placed in the new pavilions. Tuberculosis Day-Camp opened on old ferryboat "South- field," which was remodeled and moored at the bulkhead. A Clinic for Diseases of the Mind and a Dental Clinic established. 1909 Opening of the new Nurses' Residence. Regular fire drills instituted. 1910 Resident physicians appointed in charge of the alcoholic and children's services respectively, the internes serving as assistants. Bellevue Hospital Annual Census, 38,972; including 3,399 insane. 1911 Substitution of women nurses for men nurses in all wards. Mills' School to be used for the education of trained orderlies. School for education of midwives opened in the old Emergency Hospital building. The new Pathological Pavilion completed and opened. Completion of new Laundry and Boiler House and Coal Pockets. Work begun on the surgical section of the new hospital, Pavilions L. and M. Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the founding of The Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital celebrated on February 28 by re-union at the hospital, a Tea given by the nurses at their Residence and a Banquet at Delmonico's which was attended by 239 alumni. See Year-Book for 1912. 1912 Construction work begun on new Pavilions, I and K. Completion and equipment of the new Laundry and a manager appointed at a salary of $1,200 per annum. 96 Bellebue Chronicles Opening of a Library in the Pathological Building available to physicians in good standing and to medical students. Appointment of two Resident Assistant Pathologists with- out salary. Capacity of Hospital: 1,290 beds; men, 644; women, 466; children, 160. Members Visiting Staff, 98; Housestaff, 67; Nurses (average) 299; Officers and Employees (average) 619. 1913 Census Total Male Female Patients in hospital, Jan. 1_____ 1,080 738 342 Patients admitted, Medical_____29,178 17,430 11,748 Patients admitted, Surgical_____10,426 8,428 1,998 Births _______________________ 692 343 349 Total_________________41,376 26,939 14,437 Discharged __________________37,099 24,223 12,876 Died ________________________ 3,165 2,018 1,147 Remaining, Dec. 31 ___________ 1,112 698 414 Total_________________41,376 26,939 14,437 Total number operations, Surgical, Gynaecological and Obstetrical__4,56t Total days' treatment___________459,441 288,228 171,213 Average, per patient __________ 11.10 10.69 11.85 Average treated daily__________ 1,255 787 468 Largest day (Apr. 19) ________ 1,291 796 495 Smallest day (Oct. 4) ________ 992 620 372 Total expenses_____________$834,786.86 Cost per patient per day------- 1.81 X-Ray Examinations Total Med- Sur- Patients examined _____________ 4,409 1,000 3,409 Plates made __________________ 7,137 1,525 5,612 Appointment of Dr. George O'Hanlon as General Medical Superintendent of the Department of Bellevue and Allied Hospitals with headquarters at Bellevue, he having served as Acting Superintendent for some time. Resident Dental Interne who serves for one year. Total number cases discharged during the year 36,866; deaths, 3252; autopsies, 546. 1914 Appointment of women graduates in medicine as members of the House Staff, began on July 1. Appointment of First Assistant Medical Superintendent, Dr. Mark L. Fleming. 97 Bellebue Chronicles 1915 Opening of the New Morgue in the Pathological Building. Gynaecological services and genito-urinary services of the several divisions consolidated and attached respectively to the 3rd and 2nd Divisions. Children's Surgical Services consolidated and attached to the 4th Division. A ruling of the Fire Department made necessary the removal of patients from the upper floor of the old building; these wards and the old rooms of the house staff were made over for demonstrating rooms and quarters for probationer nurses. 1916 Opening of Pavilions L and M containing general surgical wards and quarters for the interne staff and I and K for gynaecological, ear, nose and throat and eye services and X-Ray department. Reorganization completed: Ear, Nose and Throat, Tubercu- losis and Children's Medical to the First Division; Urology and Neurology and half of the Obstetrical to the Second; Gynaecology, Dermatology, Orthopaedics and half of Ob- stetrics to the Third. Ophthalmology and Children's Surgical to the Fourth Division. Restrictions on Fourth Division (noncollegiate) removed so that members of visiting staff may accept teaching ap- pointments. New X-Ray equipment cost $22,500 making this one of the finest plants in the country; department transferred to Pa- vilions I and K. Organization begun of a Red Cross Hospital Unit. Appointment of Miss Amy M. Hilliard, a graduate of St. Luke's Training School and Inspector of Nurse Training Schools in the State of New York, to be General Superin- tendent of Nurses, Miss Noyes having been appointed Director of the Bureau of Nursing, American Red Cross, under Miss Delano. 1917 Organization completed of the Bellevue Unit, "Base Hospital No. 1." Granting of indefinite leave of absence without pay to nurses and employees so that they might join up with this and other hospital units. At request of Surgeon General of the Army courses were begun in military medicine and surgery and radiology. Certain surgical supplies used in 1917 after an economical effort: dressing gauze, 461,764 yards (over 262 miles); band- age gauze, 111,759 yards (over 63 miles) ; muslin, 31,343 yards (over 17 miles); absorbent cotton, 5,870 lbs.; non-ab- sorbent cotton, 6,186 lbs.; adhesive plaster, 12,825 yards. 98 Bellebue Chronicles House staff reorganized on a one-year basis for duration of the war; affects diplomas dated in 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1920. Bellevue receives a legacy of $10,000 by the will of William Washington Cole, Esquire, for the establishment of a con- valescent ward with which the Trustees propose to construct a roof-ward, when building conditions become normal, to be called the Cole Convalescent Ward. Doctor Douglas Symmers, M.D., Jefferson, '01, appointed Director of Laboratories, vice Doctor Charles Norris, resigned to become Medical Examiner of the city- Vassar College opened a summer preparatory course for college women to enter hospital training and co-operation was established between the Bellevue Training School and Vassar Camp. Influenza epidemic: admission of surgical cases limited to urgent cases and the Eye Wards closed to that service and used for influenza cases- Restrictions of visitors to cases seriously sick. Volunteer workers assigned to various parts of the hospital to lighten demands on the nurses. Offer from Red Cross Motor Corps and National League of Women's Service to do ambulance duty accepted. Medical wards working to three times their normal ca- pacity; many ward maids and helpers from the surgical side declined to go into the medical wards. Three deaths on the house staff: Pennington, Lubin and Siff. One hundred and seventy nurses took the disease of whom ten died, including two affiliating nurses: Miss Florence E. Walsh, in charge of Ward M4 and Agnes Lounsberry, affiliating student. Some members of the consulting staff returned for duty on replacing those of the visiting staff away on military service. Statistics for 1917 contrasted with 1918: 1917 Total Discharges Deaths 189 189 U 193 107 86 1,054 681 373 . 340 338 2 Influenza ________ Broncho-pneumonia Lobar pneumonia _ Acute bronchitis _ Influenza Broncho-pneumonia Lobar pneumonia Acute bronchitis __ _____1,776 1918 _____2,535 _____ 864 _____1,225 _____ 624 1,315 461 2,065 470 323 541 728 497 616 8 3,732 1,516 Grand total _______5,248 99 Grand total Bellebue Chronicles 1919 Death of Doctor Abraham Jacobi on July 10th in his 91st year; appointed Visiting Physician on the First Division in 1874; Consulting Physician about 1900. 1920 Miss Brink appointed General Superintendent of Training Schools in March vice Miss Hilliard, resigned. Doctor O'Hanlon elected President of the American Hospital Association. Death on August 22nd of Doctor Florence, Junior on the First Medical, of pneumonia. Death of Miss Brink on December 10th. 1921 Miss Katherine de Long appointed General Superintendent of Training Schools to succeed Miss Brink. Miss de Long is a graduate of Johns Hopkins Training School and had filled several executive positions in that hospital before she came to Bellevue to take charge of the nurses' residence in 1912. During the war Miss de Long went abroad with the American Red Cross Italian Commission as second in charge, Miss Shaw of the Bellevue Social Service being chief. Miss de Long organized the Red Cross hospitals at Rome and at Milan. Her assistant superintendents at Bellevue are: Miss Minnie M. Allen, Bellevue, 1910 and Miss Dorothy L. Hanne- man, 1902, who both served under Miss Brink. The super- visor of the school for male attendants is Miss Margaret Maloney. Abrogation of war-time rule curtailing "full-time" interne service. Second Assistant Superintendent under Doctor O'Hanlon is Doctor John J. Hill and the Night Assistant Superintendent is Mr. John F. McHale. Oscar G. Mason, medical and surgical photographer at Belle- vue since 1856 when he was appointed on the recommendation of Doctor Stephen Smith, died of pneumonia in ward B6 in his 92nd year. 100 THOSE WHO DIED WHILE ON DUTY IN THE HOSPITAL Of all infectious diseases it is typhus fever that has caused the most havoc among the house staff in Bellevue and at a time when the nature of the causes of these in- fections was unknown or how the infection spread it de- manded heroism of the highest order to live there with it. The first epidemic appeared in the hospital in 1818 but no officer succumbed to it. Early in 1825 typhus fever appeared again and in the month of April a com- mittee was sent by the Common Council to report on the conditions prevailing in the hospital. The young house physician, then ill with the disease, left his bed to receive the committee at the door—the next day but one he died of typhus. This young man was Doctor Belden, the first to give up his life. "Not once or twice in our (old Bellevue) story The path of duty was the way to glory." 102 &ieo ifflfyilt on Smtp in hospital 1825 BELDEN House Physician. Died of typhus fever in April. 1846 JOHN JAMES LAWRENCE Acting Assistant Resident Physician. Student in the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Volunteered. Died of typhus fever on August 15th, aged 21 years. 1847 HENRY WILLIAM PORTER Assistant Resident Physician. A.B., Williams, 1842, M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1846. Died of typhus fever early in 1847, aged 34 years. AUGUSTUS VAN BUREN Assistant Resident Physician. M.D., New York University, 1846. Born in Ulster County, N. Y. Died of typhus fever on May 18th, aged 23 years. 1848 GORHAM BEALS Assistant Resident Physician. A.B., Union, 1842, M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1845. Born in Canandaigua, N. Y. Died of typhus fever on January 9th, aged 28 years. WILLIAM RUFUS BLAKEMAN Assistant Resident Physician. M.D., Yale, 1847. Born in Fairfield, Conn. Died of typhus fever. WILLIAM WIRT CAHOON Assistant Resident Physician. A.B.; M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1848. Born in Vermont. Died of typhus fever in August. ENOCH GREEN Acting Assistant Resident Physician, Student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Volunteered. Died of typhus fever. ELIHU T. HEDGES Acting Assistant Resident Physician. Student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Volunteered. Died of typhus fever. DAVID SELIGMAN Acting Assistant Resident Physician. Student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Volunteered. Born on Long Island, N. Y. Died of typhus fever. 103 SDieo fcfillule on SDutp in hospital SIDNEY B. WORTH Acting Assistant Resident Physician. A.B., Union, 1839. Student at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Volunteered. Died of typhus fever. 1851 HORATIO WELLS GRIDLEY House Physician 1st Medical Division. A.B., Yale, 1847, A.M., 1850, M.D., 1850. Died of typhus fever in March. LEFROY RAVENHILL House Physician 3rd Medical Division. Classical School, College of Toronto, 1836, A.B., Columbia, 1845, A.M., 1849, M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1849. Librarian of Columbia College, 1847 to 1851. Born in Newry, Ireland. Died of typhus fever on May 24th, aged 26 years. 1860 JOSEPH B. RICHARDS Senior Assistant Medical Division. M.D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1859. Born in Oneida County, N. Y. Died of rupture of the vermiform appendix on June 4th, aged 24 years. 1863 HENRY WHITE COOK Senior Assistant 2nd Medical Division. M.D., Columbia, 1862. Born in West Hampton, Mass. Died of typhus fever on March 17th, aged 26 years. WILLIAM HEBRON KING House Physician 2nd Medical Division. M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1862. Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., March, 1863. Bom in South Egremont, Mass. Died of typhus fever on March 21st. GEORGE HERSCHEL OLMSTED House Physician 1st Medical Division. Sodus (N. Y.) Academy, 1857, M.D., Columbia, 1862. Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. 1861. Died of typhus fever on December 16th, aged 29 years. 1864 EUGENE 0. ROWE Junior Assistant 3rd Surgical Division. M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1864. Born in New York City. Died of typhus fever on January 12th, aged 22 years. HENRY JOSEPH DEVLIN Senior Assistant 1st Medical Division. M.D., Columbia, 1864. Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 1863. Born in New York City. Died of typhus fever on April 5th, aged 25 years. 104 SDieb ULXtyilt m\ 2Dtitp in hospital GEORGE CLINTON DEWEY Senior Assistant 4th Medical Division. A.B., Williams, I860., A.M., 1863. M.D., Columbia, 1863. Bora in Northampton, Mass. Died of typhus fever on April 17th, aged 23 years. 1866 LEMAIRE ZABRISKIE Senior Assistant 2nd Surgical Division. A.B., New York Free Academy (C.C.N.Y.), 1863, M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1866. Died of typhus fever on March 29th, aged 22 year*. RICHARD VARICK PELL Senior Assistant 1st Surgical Division. A.B., Columbia, 1862, M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1865. Born in Bergen County. N. J. Died of Asiatic cholera on August 22nd, aged 23 year9 1879 SETH WESTON WILLIAMS Senior Assistant 3rd Medical Division. A.B., Yale, 1873, M.D., Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1876, Graduate in German classics. University of Heidelberg, 1877, Berlin, 1877, General Hospital, Vienna, 1877. Born in Nashua, N. H. Died of acute encephalitis on September 20th, aged 30 years. 1880 EBEN HUNT Junior Assistant 1st Medical Division. A.B., Dartmouth, 1870, M.D., New York University, 1879. Professor of Ancient Languages at Yonkers Academy, 1870 to 1873, Lecturer on Chemistry at Chester Military Academy, 1873 to 1877, Instructor in Greek at New York University, 1877 to 1879. Bom in New Hampshire. Died of diphtheria on September 3rd, aged 35 years. 1881 GEORGE HENRY HAMMOND Junior Assistant 2nd Surgical Division. A.B., Wesleyan, 1877, M.D., Yale, 1879, New York University, 1880. Died of septicaemia on May 18th, aged 25 years. (erroneously inscribed, John Henry Hammond on the memorial tablet.) 1882 JOHN HENRY WEIR YOUNG Junior Assistant 3rd Medical Division. Academic courses in Germany and at Coleraine, Ireland; Graduate Peekskill Mili- tary Academy, Putnam County State Scholar in Cornell; B.S., Cornell, 1879, M.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1881. Born in Philadelphia. Died of pyaemia due to autopsy wound on May 3rd, aged 23 years. 105 SDieb mfyilc on 2Dut? in hospital 1884 WILLIAM HUSTACE HUBBARD Junior Assistant 4th Medical Division. A.B., Columbia, 1880, M.D., 1883. Bora in New York City. Died of typhoid fever on May 29th, aged 25 years. 1901 RALPH JONES HESS Junior Assistant 1st Surgical Division. B.S., Cornell, 1895. M.D., 1900. Appointed for one year term on July 1st, 1900. Bom in Great Valley. Cattaraugus County, N. Y. Died of scarlet fever, on March 24th, aged 25 years. 1902 LEE RYAN House Physician 3rd Medical Division. M.D.. University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1900. Born in Kelloggs- ville, Cayuga County, N. Y. Died on March 14th of acute miliary tuberculosis, aged 23 years. 1918 JOHN AWVILLE PENNINGTON Junior Assistant 2nd Medical Division. Graduate of Webb School, Bellbuckle, Tennessee, M.D., University of Tennessee, 1918. Appointed for one year term on July 20th, 1918. Lieutenant, M.C., U.S.A. Born in Edith, Lauderdale County, Tennessee, January 8th, 1892. Died of influenza on October 14th, aged 26 years. COLEMAN SIMPSON SIFF Junior Assistant 3rd Surgical Division. Graduate of De Witt Clinton High School. M.D., University and Bellevue Hospiul Medical College, 1918. Lieutenant, M.C., U.S.A. Appointed for one year term on July 1st, 1918. Bom in New York City. Died of influenza on October 20th, aged 24 years. EDWARD KENNETH LUBIN Junior Assistant 3rd Surgical Division. Graduate of De Witt Clinton High School. M.D., University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1918. Lieutenant, M.C., U.S.A. Appointed for one year term on July 1st, 1918. Bom in New York City. Died of influenza on October 26th, aged 24 years. 1920 WILLIAM STEED FLORENCE Junior Assistant 1st Medical Division. A.B., Mercer University, Macon, Ga., 1916, M.D., Columbia, 1920. Bom in Lucas, Arkansas. Died of lobar pneumonia and pneumococcic meningitis on August 22nd, aged 23 years. 106 SDtrti mtiilt on 2Duty in Hospital NURSES 1899 GERTRUDE TOWNSEND Entered training January 30, 1899. Graduate of Fulton, N. Y., High School. Born in Lysander, Onondaga County, N. Y. Died of scarlet fever on February 20th, aged 23 years. 1901 BLANCHE L. THOMAS Entered training December 14, 1899. Born in Virginia. Died of typhoid fever on December 4th, aged 25 yean. 1918 GUDRUN SOLBERG Entered training March 15, 1915. Born in Trondhjem, Norway. January 12, 1894. Died of influenza on April 13th, aged 24 years. LOUISE TUNSTALL SMITH Entered training September 23, 1918. Student from Vassar Camp. A.B., Bryn Mawr, 1918. Bom in Kingston, Maryland. Died of influenza on October 11th, aged 23 years. RUTH RUDGERS DAVIS Graduate of 1916. Bom in Perry, Wyoming County, N. Y. Attended High School. On special duty in Bellevue Hospital. Died of influenza on October 13th, aged 28 years. ROSABEL MILLER Entered training September 23, 1918. Student from Vassar Camp. A.B., Mount Holyoke, 1917. Bom in Brattleboro, Vermont. Died of influenza on October 18th, aged 24 years. RUTH A DIETZ Graduate of 1918. Assistant Instructor in Practical Nursing. Born in Schoharie, N. Y. Attended High School. Died of influenza on October 20th, aged 24 years. ELLEN O'CONNOR Entered training January 1. 1915. Born in Hornellsville, N. Y. Died of influenza on October 20th, aged 29 years. DORA ELIZABETH CHRISTIANSEN Probationer nurse. Ph.B., University of Wisconsin. Bom in Neenah, Wis. Died of influenza on October 24th, aged 34 years. CECIL BRADSHAW Entered training September 23, 1918. Student from Vassar Camp. A.B., Vassar, 1918. Bom in Redwood Falls, Minnesota. Died of influenza on October 27th, aged 22 years. 107 THE YEARLY RECORDS 1915-1921 Ufie gear 1915 The Year 1915 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS By James Sears Waterman Members of the Bellevue Alumni and Guests: The honor of being the President of such a society as that of the Bellevue Alumni is one which I deeply appreciate; the responsibility which it involves I keenly feel, but when that responsibility is coupled with succession to a position so splendidly filled by our much loved Stewart, it becomes not only a responsibility but an embarrassment. Gentlemen, twenty-five years ago I entered Bellevue Hospital as an interne, and this is my jubilee. In passing, I may say that we internes thought we were splendid fellows, no matter what may have been the opinion of the Visiting Staff; at any rate, we were a happy, care-free lot in those days, "When time was yet our vassal, and life's jest was still unstale, and no man knew what dreams were ours, as we tramped the road to anywhere, the magic road to anywhere, such dear dim, years ago." Some of the old crowd are in New York, and we are able to see one another here if no where else; some have found their fields of activity in nearby states; some have turned to other callings, and some have passed to the great beyond. The past twenty-five years are said to have been the most extra- ordinary in the history of our race, and have brought wonderful changes to us in medicine, as in other things, and have stirred the deep currents of life for all of us. In the last analysis, all life that is significant, that is pregnant with meaning, is inspired by that great love of mankind which finds its outlet in service to others. When Croesus, after exhibiting his treasure to Solon, asked him if he had ever known a happier man than he, Solon replied, in substance, that he had known several men that he thought had greater cause for happiness, because they had spent or given their lives in the service of others. It is just those words "service to others," that have come ringing down the ages, and which have found such wonderful expression in medicine today, and in the succor, without a parallel in history, 110 Ufa gear 1915 given by America to those so sorely stricken by the Great War. Two thousand years ago, Christ by His divine touch, sanctified and gave rare dignity to the healing art. The practice of medicine should be a vocation, not an avocation, and such we find it among the majority of our profession. A high ideal, an unselfish interest in the welfare of man, a scientific interest in unsolved problems, a willingness to work hard with no reward in sight save an increase in knowledge and ability to help those needing help, an earnest desire to better general health condtiions, a broad humanity, mark the physician of today and gives to the practice of medicine a character of which we may well be proud. With such a working capital, is it a matter of wonder that in the passage of the years we have achieved such results as we are see- ing now in this twentieth century, in the scientific and humanitarian development of our work? Not only is every large city rich in its well-equipped hospitals and splendid laboratories, but almost every town of moderate size can boast of its own hospital and laboratory where up-to-date methods of diagnosis and treatment can be carried out. Medical education has been placed upon a far higher plane than formerly. Post-graduate schools have been founded where any branch of special work may be followed as well as in the clinics of Europe. Great foundations with unlimited means have been established where advanced study of disease, its cause and its cure is carried on with unsurpassed laboratory facilities, aiming at results unattain- able except by the expenditure of large sums of money and the entire time of a corps of scientific workers rendered independent of monetary cares by sufficient salaries- Our water supplies are protected from contamination, epidemics are controlled, transmissible diseases are met at quarantine and denied admission and preventive medicine has developed into a great department of its own. Our Department of Health furnishes to all who ask, supplies of vaccine antitoxins and serums without charge, or at a minimum price, making it possible for the poorest patient to obtain all necessary care. The great field of vaccines, antitoxins and serums is being culti- vated until it looks as though all the micro-organisms would be chained to our chariot wheels, or better, pressed into service and compelled even in death to war against their fellows. Immunization is successfully practised against smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, cholera and typhoid fever. To such an extent has this been introduced, that from Osier in England and from German sources, we learn that the latter diseases have been but little in evidence among the soldiers in the armies now at war. May we not also expect similar methods for the immunization of our young people against those scourges of childhood, measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough? When one realizes that before 111 Ufa gear 1915 Jenner's day the adult population of London consisted of those who had survived an attack of smallpox in their childhood, it seems easily possible. The sources and carriers of yellow fever, malaria, typhoid fever, typhus, dysentery, sleeping-sickness and bubonic plague have been discovered and epidemics of those diseases controlled. Plague spots, like the Isthmus of Panama, have been transformed into something resembling health resorts where the death rate is unbelievably low. The hook-worm has been followed to its lair and the zone of its habitat, reaching around the world, has been attacked with such success that whole districts have been converted from a condition of indolent shiftlessness into communities of energetic men and women able and anxious to do their part in the world's work. In- cessant warfare is being waged against the Great White Plague with encouraging results. Examinations of the blood, twenty-five years ago, were limited ordinarily to a study of the anaemias, malarias and filarias, while today the surgeon operates from the blood count, the internist makes an early diagnosis of a pneumonia in the same way. Typhoid fever has its Widal test, the Wasserman reaction clears up an other- wise obscure case, the diagnosis of early tuberculosis is coming into line from the same study, and so the list rolls up from a field before so limited. Empiricism, that reproach of medical practice, is fast giving place to methods of treatment based on accurate knowledge, and the old order gives way to the new. Diagnostic metheds undreamed of in our wildest flights of the imagination have become a common place and the roentgen rays search everything but the soul, revealing infected accessory sinuses, diseases of the chest, abdominal abnormalities, stones in the bladder, kidney and ureter, and now even in the gall-bladder. The osseous system can be read like a book and all may study their joint and fracture cases. Many so-called rheumatic conditions are recognized as due to infections, and foci are sought in mouth, nose, throat, ear or intestine. New diseases and the significance of certain conditions are being recognized and arterio-sclerosis and hypertension are having their day. Incidentally with a new understanding of food values, every- body is being placed on a diet- The functions of the ductless glands are becoming known and we are having our experiences with the extracts of the pituitary, the thyroid, the adrenals and other glands- New remedies are being produced almost daily; "606" is having its innings, and now we have "twilight sleep." Specifics are being developed and diphtheia goes down before its antitoxin; the gonor- rhoea! joint is no longer treated as a rheumatic affair but with its specific vaccine, while cerebro-spinal meningitis, tetanus and rabies have shown their own large percentage of cures. The bronchoscope, rjesophagoscope, gastroscope and cystoscope have made possible direct 112 Ut>e gear 1915 examination and treatment of internal organs hitherto inaccessible. The administration of general anaesthesia has become such an im- potent department that nearly all hospitals have their corps of specialists in the administration of anaesthetics. The many local anaesthetics have rendered the sufferings, horrors and dangers of so- called minor surgical operations things of the past, while their field has been extended to include the spinal anaesthesia and its resultant blessings to those for whom a general anaesthetic is con- traindicated. Anoci-association, one of the great recent important contributions to surgery, blocking the nerve impulses and so preventing post- operative shock, has been received with enthusiasm by an appre- ciative profession. Of its distinguished author who has recently sailed for Europe and the seat of war, an editorial in a leading daily paper says: "Among the losses which the European war is imposing upon the United States must be counted, and not as a small one, the deprivation which the country suffers by the absence from it, for a considerable period of a man like Dr. George W. Crile of Cleveland." Team work has been developed, and we see the specialist working with the surgeon, the internist and general practitioner working toward the common goal of accurate diagnosis and correct treatment. The practice of medicine ceasing to be a one-man job, a sort of jack-of-all-trades proposition, but each man offering of his best, helping to arrive at a result otherwise unattainable. In the realm of surgery such rapid strides have been made, such a keen interest has been created, that this may well be called the "age of surgery." With a scalpel in one hand and a hypodermic needle in the other, it has been said that the surgeon is driving his brother, the general practitioner, who claims that he is bearing the burden and heat of the day, to the wall. And so we find a pronounced tendency among many of the young men, to yield to the more dramatic and remunerative attractions of the operating room, forgetting or ignoring the fact that the best foundation for the specialist is laid in acquiring an intimate knowl- edge of diseases, only to be gained by a wide experience in general practice. As to our future, who shall prophesy? Our young men have heard the cry of the "Red Gods" calling them, and know "there is something lost behind the ranges," and they are seeking it over there in the laboratory, hospital and clinic. About their findings they will tell us in the coming year, and we shall hope for large dividends from the accumulated stores of wis- dom gathered by the older men, for we expect to fill our programs full to overflowing with the rich results of all this work and study. From the discovery of vaccination against smallpox by Jenner, it is a far cry to a Pasteur, a Lister and the commencement of the present development of our knowledge of the causes of disease 113 W$t gear 1915 So recently have these live factors of many diseases been ascertained that it is amazing that already, vaccines, serums and specifics have been developed to control them- The conviction is forced upon us that the inspiration is superhuman which has produced results so beneficent. In all humanity we may say that we are walking with "the gods," and cry with Kipling, God of our fathers, be with us yet Lest we forget . . . 114 W$t gear 1915 OFFICERS AND STANDING COMMITTEES President James Sears Waterman Vice-President Robert Justice Wilson Secretary Frank Holbrook 117 West 79th Street Treasurer Robert Morris Daley 43 East 27th Street Historian Robert James Carlisle Committee on Science James Sears Waterman, Ex-OMcio George David Stewart Henry Mann Silver Committee on Entertainment Robert Justice Wilson, Ex-OiHcio Bruce Gretton Phillips Albert Eugene Sellenings Committee on New Members Chester F. S. Whitney, Chairman Mills Sturtevant Hubert Vivian Guile William Edgar Caldwell Mark L. Fleming PROGRAMMES WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 6th, 1915 Address of retiring president. Dr. George D. Stewart. Installation of President-elect and Standing Committees. President's address. Dr. James S. Waterman. Paper of the evening—Tobacco heart. Dr. Harlow Brooks, (by invitation.) Discussion by Drs. Samuel A. Brown, Alexander Lambert, Charles E. Nammack, and Charles E. Quimby. 115 ^e gear 1915 WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 3rd, 1915 I. Ureteral duplication. (Report of cases). Lantern slide de- monstration. Dr. Clarence G. Bandler. II. The surgery of the uro-genital tract. From the standpoint of diagnosis and prognosis. Lantern slide demostration. Dr. Joseph F. McCarthy. Discussion by Drs. John Bentley Squier (by invitation), John Winters Brannan, Robert T. Morris, and John F. Erdmann. III. Observations on pneumonia in South Africa. Col. W. C. Gorgas, M. D., Surgeon General, U.S.A. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 3rd, 1915 I. Presentation of new apparatus. The Etherometer—A new anaesthesia apparatus. Dr. Frederick Montgomery (by invitation). II. The Roentgenographic diagnosis of gall stones and chole- cystitis. Dr. James Taft Pilcher. Discussion by Drs. I. Seth Hirsch, (by invitation), John F. Erdmann, Cyrus J. Strong and Thomas A. Smith. III. The safe interpretation of roentgenograms of the gall bladder region. Dr. Eugene W. Caldwell (by invitation). Discussion by Drs. Edward Learning (by invitation), and George M. MacKee (by invitation). WEDNESDAY, APRIL 7th, 1915 Scientific Session— I. Tuberculosis—Some problems of treatment. Edward S. McSweeny. Discussion by Drs. John Winters Brannan, and Charles B. Slade. II. Tuberculosis of bones and joints. Lantern demonstration. Dr. Wisner R. Townsend. Discussion by Drs. Reginald Sayre, and John Joseph Nutt. III. An exhibition of direct color photographs of skin lesions made by the new kodachrome process. Dr. Nathan T. Beers (by invitation). WEDNESDAY, MAY 5th, 1915 Scientific Session— Paper:—A psychoanalysis of certain neurotic symptoms. Dr. Clarence P. Oberndorf. Paper:—Dreams and neurosis. Dr. Horace W. Frink. Discussion by Drs. James J. Putnam, Havard Medical School (by invitation), Edward D. Fisher, and Thaddeus Ames (by invitation). 116 XCfje gear 1915 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2, 1915 Scientific Session— Paper:—Some every-day injuries to the eye and what to do for them. Dr. Richard Kalish. Paper:—Common derangements of the lachrymal drainage ap- paratus. Dr. J. H. Woodward. Paper:—Diagnostic points in aural disease for the general prac- titioner with indications for treatment. Dr. Hugh B. Blackwell. General discussion. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6th, 1915 Scientific Session—Held in the Amphitheatre of Bellevue Hospital. I. The influence of environment in the treatment of chronic laryngeal stenosis with presentation of cases. Dr. Robert J. Wilson. II. A report of nine cases of post-partum sepsis treated by posterior colpotomy and anti-streptococcus gauze. Dr. G. Boiling Lee. III. Presentation of surgical cases. Dr. George D. Stewart. IV. Report of a case of fa'al mercurial poisoning following a vaginal douche. Dr. Eben Foskett. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1915 Scientific Session— I. The relief of chronic obstructive jaundice by palliative operation. Drs. John F. Erdmann, and Charles Gordon Heyd, (by invitation). II. Diagnosis of diseases cf the thyroid. Dr. Charles H. Mayo, Rochester, Minn, (by invitation). Discussion by Drs. George D. Stewart, George Woolsey, and John Rogers. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1915 Scientific Session— Papers:—I. A study of 115 cases of ectopic gestation on the service of Dr. H. C. Coe, 3rd Gynaecological Division Bellevue Hospital. Dr. Eben Foskett. Discussion by Drs. H. C. Coe, W. E. Studdiford, and G. D. Hamlen. II. Anthrax. A clinical study. Dr. Henry M. Silver. Discussion by Drs. Charles Norris (by invitation), George D. Stewart, R. A. Kelser (by invitation), Robert B. Anderson, and C. T. Graham-Rogers (by invitation). 117 W&t gear 1915 TREASURER'S REPORT Received Bank balance December 31, 1914_..........__$1,098.45 Interest on bank account year 1914___________ 49.40 Interest on bonds___________________________ 220.00 Dues—Resident members ___________________1,890.00 Dues—Non-Resident members _______________ 271.00 Dues—Associate members ___________________ 136.00 $3,664.85 Expended Yale Club _________________..........______$1,302.65 Mazzetti __________________________________ 130.00 Stereopticon ________________________________ 60.00 Edgar Printing Co. _________________________ 595.06 Incidentals: Funerals, Treasurer, etc. __________________ 75.80 $2,163.51 Excess of Income over Expenses_____________________ $ 402.89 Balance on hand December 31, 1915__________________ 1,501.34 (Signed) Robert M. Daley, Treasurer. Accounts and Vouchers examined and found correct. (Signed) Richard Kalish, Chairman L. A. Zerega di Zereca, Lewis M. Silver, Auditing Committee. February 11, 1916. 118 tlfyt gear 1916 The Year 1916 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS By Robert Justice Wilson (Owing to an accident Dr. Wilson was unable to deliver his address at the January meeting.) Tothe Members of the Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital: The By-Laws of this society provide that the President shall deliver an address at the time of his inauguration, and custom has made it almost obligatory to commence the address with an ex- pression of thanks for the high honor that has been conferred upon him in his election. I knew that this was a great honor and that a great responsibility accompanied it when you elected me, but the greatness of the honor conferred and the magnitude of the responsibility incurred was not appreciated until I began an analysis of the membership of this society and then I knew for the first time, although I have been a member for twenty-three years, what a wonderful influence it can and does exert in the advancement of scientific medicine. I assume that most of us when we first entered college made up our minds to try to get on the house staff of Bellevue Hospital. This was a goal worthy of our best endeavor. Besides being the largest hospital in New York city, with the greatest diversity of medical and surgical cases, it was also the seat of the greatest number of clinics and its visiting staff represented teachers from all the medical colleges in the city. To gain a place in this hospital then, meant that opportunity would be offered to the continued study of our chosen profession, under the stimulus of a friendly rivalry of division against division, for good results and an attempt to make the best showing possible. Our point of view widened. We no longer took as gospel the teachings of our own school. We sat at the feet of many teachers of many schools and marveled that we once had believed that the teachings and teachers in ours were infallible. We soon found that this old Hospital was surrounded with tra- ditions, some good, the most good, some bad, and to down the bad ones was more difficult than the competitive examinations that had gained us our places. As Juniors and Seniors we had many humili- 119 ^Ije gear 1916 ating trials, our work was hard, our hours long, our encouragement little, except for the opportunity of learning, and this was limitless- And we did learn. We had to. Failure in this respect would have meant, not dismissal but something infinitely worse, the loss of respect of our colleagues and teachers, worse still our own self respect. Our self-esteem blossomed when we became House and accord- ing to tradition and teaching we became self-confident and fearless, and that is why we are what we are. Bellevue Confidence backed by Bellevue Knowledge has never had to fear the final outcome in the fight of life. Self-esteem so evident in a House was soon rubbed down to personal responsibility, when it came in contact with the rough edges of the work of acquiring a practice. Perhaps the greatest thing we learned in Bellevue was to love it. To love every stick and stone in the old building, to love its tradition, its opportunities, its staff of teachers unequaled in erudition in the medical profession in America. And out of this love sprang this society, started by young men, recent graduates, but soon its swell- ing membership took in for the same love those very teachers and preceptors upon whom we used to look with such awe. What is this society and why does it exist? The constitution says: First, "The cultivation and advancement of medicine and surgery." Second, "The promotion of social intercourse among its members." Let us consider the second object first. Once a month we meet together. Old staffs renew pledges of friendship, live over old traditions, welcome new staffs and keep alive loyalty and love for our alma mater that I have never seen equaled in any society of any kind. May the good old traditions live for ever and may the New Bellevue accept them as a precious legacy to be jealously treasured as the greatest inheritance it can hand down to the future generations of staffs that will graduate from its halls and wards. How has this society complied with its first object? A long list of valuable contributions to medical literature is its written evidence of promise fulfilled. As long a list of illustrious men in modern medicine is its personal contribution to medical science. Who made the Panama Canal possible after the failure of the renowned de Lesseps? Our Congress? No! Our Engineers? No! Our Workmen? No! Our Money? No! The earnest, faithful, conscientious, efficient work of a member of this society overcame insanitary conditions that made de Lesseps fail and made it possible that the acts of Congress could be carried out and the engineers prosecute the greatest work of its kind that the world has ever known. Have its members made any impress on medical education? The names of the deans of the Medical Departments of Columbia and Cornell universities and the acting dean of the New York University are on its roster. The teaching staffs of the universities 120 H§e gear 1916 and hospitals of this and other cities number many of our members among them- Have we contributed our share to the care of public health? The State Commissioner of Health of New York and the Com- missioner and President of the Board of Health of New York City are our members. Very many of our members hold important positions in state and municipal health departments. Do we assume the burdens of hospital work that our training demands we should? The consulting physicians of forty-seven hospitals are members of this society. To enumerate them would sound like reading a list of the hospitals in New York. Seventy hospitals have as at- tending physicians active members of the society and our non- resident members are visiting physicians to twenty-seven more. Do we endorse scientific medicine by aligning ourselves with the progressive societies that tend to shape medical laws and rules of conduct? Most of our members are members of the county and state medical societies in the commonwealths in which they live. One hundred and fifty are members of the American Medical Association. Ninety- eight are members of the New York Academy of Medicine. Twenty- nine are Fellows of the Association of Clinical Surgeons. Our membership in these societies that so greatly influence the trend of modern medicine in America is proof posititve of our position in the advancement of medical science. In addition to the above mentioned medical organizations our members are affiliated with societies that represent, just as our membership does, almost every phase of medical work. What a powerful organization! And what a power lor good such an organization can exert in the medical world. Fortunately perhaps for us, our constitution limits our activities to the advancement of medicine and surgery and the promotion of social intercourse among our members. We are not a political or- ganization, we are not a business organization, and neither the intrigues of the first nor the worries of the latter ever enter into our considerations. We are essentially a social organization, a sort of a brotherhood, and here lies our greatest obligation and our greatest opportunity to fulfill the provisions of our constitution. We are, or should be, a help-one-another society, not by organized labor methods, but more after the style of let not your right hand know what your left hand doeth. And those to be helped are our young members. Their advancement means that the first object of our existence will be automatically assured, and the means of its accomplishment is through our observation of the second. 121 W$t gear 1916 OFFICERS AND STANDING COMMITTEES President Robert Justice Wilson Vice-President Nathan Sturges Jarvis Secretary Hugh Burke Blackwell 148 West 58th Street Treasurer Robert Morris Daley 43 East 27th Street Historian Robert James Carlisle Committee on Science Robert Justice Wilson, Ex-OMcio George David Stewart James Sears Waterman Committee on Entertainment Nathan Sturges Jarvis, Ex-Oificio Bruce Gretton Phillips Albert Eugene Sellenings Committee on New Memben Chester F. S. Whitney, Chairman Hubert Vivian Guile William Edgar Caldwell David Nye Barrows Mark Lance Fleming WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 5, 1916 Scientific Session— Remarks by retiring President. Dr. James S. Waterman. Installation of Officers and Standing Committees.* Paper:—A new principle in the treatment of infectious diseases, with special reference to pneumonia. Dr. Charles Elihu Quimby. Paper:—Present activities of the Department of Health. Dr. Haven Emerson, Commissioner of Health. Discussion by Drs. Hermann M. Biggs, and Wisner R. Town- send. •The address of the President was postponed till next meeting on account of an accident. 122 W$t gear 1916 WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1916. Scientific Session— Address by the President. Dr. Robert J. Wilson. Papers:—General considerations concerning pertussis, with special emphasis on vaccine therapy, prophylactic and active. Dr. Ward Bryant Hoag. Discussion from the standpoint of the Laboratory. Dr. A. W. Williams (by invitation). Investigation of the effect of the vaccine as used in the Research Laboratory Clinic of the Department of Health. Dr. Paul Luttinger (by invitation). WEDNESDAY, MARCH 1, 1916 Scientific Session— Presentation of cases: Lymphangiosarcoma of concha. Dr. Hugh B. Blackwell. Papers: a. Some observations on defective development in children. Dr. Stafford McLean, b. The open treatment of fractures with a report of 71 cases. (Lantern demonstra- tion). Dr. Walter C. Cramp. Discussion by Drs. George D. Stewart, John B. Walker, and John A. Hartwell. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 5, 1916 Scientific Session— Report of cases: General oedema of the foetus. Dr. H. C. Williamson. Papers: a. Further notes on the subject of rubber gloves. Dr. Robert T. Morris, b. Clinical observations on measles. Dr. Arthur R. Braunlich. Discussion by Drs. William Lang Somerset (by invitation), and Frederick S. Westmoreland (by invitation). WEDNESDAY, MAY 3, 1916 Scientific Session— Presentation of cases: a. A case of urological tuberculosis. (Lantern slide demonstration). b. A case of ruptured kidney, c. Two unusual cases of hematuria. Dr. Joseph F. McCarthy. Papers: a. The value of bone and cartilage transplants in rhinological surgery. (Lantern demonstration). Dr. Wm. W. Discussion by Drs. Hubert Arrowsmith (by invitation), Henry L. Swain (by invitation), Robert T. Morris, James T. Gorton, and others. 123 TL^t gear 1916 b. The operative treatment of very large ventrai hernia: author's inversion method. (Technique, lantern demonstration and cases). Dr. Irving S. Haynes. Discussion by Drs. S. W. Bandler, J. J. Connors, R. L. Rowley, E. A. Wells, and E. B. Probasco (by invitation). WEDNESDAY, JUNE 7, 1916 Scientific Session— Report of cases: Report of a case of acromegalic giantism. Dr. Ralph R. Whitcher (by invitation). Papers: The relation of cholesterol to the pathogenesis of gall stones. Dr. James Taft Pilcher. Discussion (by invitation) Drs. Albert B. Pacini, Central Testing Laboratory, Edwin J. Henes, German Hospital, Allen 0. Whipple, Presbyterian Hospital, and Dr. Albert A. Epstein, Mt. Sinai Hospital. (Lantern slide demonstration). WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1916. Scientific Session— Papers: General discussion on anterior poliomyelitis, some of the aspects and therapeutics of the present epidemic. Speakers: Drs. A. R. Braunlich, J. J. Nutt, R. H. Sayre, Louis Ager (by invitation), H. W. Berg (by invitation), A. J. Cilly (by in- vitation), W. H. Park (by invitation), F. C. Rosenow (by invitation), H. L. Taylor (by invitation), Walter Truslow (by invitation), and A. Zingher (by invitation). WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 1. 1916 Scientific Session— Papers: a. Ureteral anomalies. Illustrated with lantern slides. Dr. Clarence G. Bandler. b. Study of the McLean index modi- fication of Ambard's co-efficient in the same individuals under varying conditions. Dr. Cyrus W. Field (by invitation). c. A consideration of technique as applied to surgery of the urogenital tract. Illustrated with lantern slides. Dr. Joseph F. McCarthy. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1916 Scientific Session— Papers: a. The relation of the dispensary and diagnostic clinic to hospital service and medical education. Dr. Samuel W. Lambert, b. The economics of medical education. Dr. Samuel A. Brown, c. Some phases of medical education. Dr. William M. Polk. 124 Wbc gear 1916 TREASURERS' REPORT Receipts Resident active members ____________________$1,810.00 Non-resident members _______________________ 323.00 Associate members _________________________ 160.00 Interest on bonds __________________________ 65.18 During year, total receipts __________________$2,588.18 Balance on hand January 1, 1916_____________1,501.34 Total receipts__________________________________ $4,089.52 Expenditures 1916 Yale Club _________________________________$1,203.26 Edgar Printing & Stationery Co ____________ 304.92 Stereopticon for meetings ___________________ 40.00 Miscellaneous, Death Notices _______________ 82.70 Total expenditures during year __________________ 1,630.88 Balance on hand December 31st, 1916________________ $2,458.64 Bonds Chicago, St. Paul, Minn. & Omaha 6%______$1,000.00 Oregon Short Line 4%, 1929__________________2,000.00 St. Louis & San Fran. Ry. Co. Prior Line 4%___ 1,500.00 Temp, adjust. Mortgage 6% Bonds____________ 500.00 Total bonds on hand____________________$5,000.00 Robert M. Daley, Treasurer. 125 W$t gear 1917 The Year 1917 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS January 3, 1917 By Samuel Albertus Brown Gentlemen: I wish to express my appreciation of the honor which has been conferred upon me in electing me as your President for the ensuing year, and I can assure you that every effort will be exerted to con- tinue the success and development of the society and to provide for the members papers which will be both entertaining, stimulating and instructive, and if I am half as successful as my predecessor, Dr. Wilson, I shall be delighted. This success cannot be obtained without the co-operation of every member of the society, as it is impossible otherwise for your presi- dent and officers to accomplish the results which the strength and power of the society warrant. Individually we are not strong, but collectively we are extremely so, and I would therefore ask the aid of every member and would appreciate suggestions regarding the program and other topics of interest which should be brought before you. There are many members of the society proficient in research work and interesting clinical lines with whom the officers are not familiar, and suggestions on the part of any member will be gladly received and will immediately result in our getting in touch with men who are doing this work. In this way we can obtain the best that there is in the city for presentation at our meetings. If you will look over the list of members of this society you will be struck with the illustrious names. As a matter of fact, it could be very creditably incorporated entire in the history of medicine in this large city. My only regret is that we have so many members who do not take an active interest in the affairs of the society. With a membership of 350 it would seem that we should enjoy the pres- ence of a large number at the monthly meetings. It is particularly noticeable that many of the older members do not attend with any regularity, and I am at a loss to account for this condition. In recent years we have endeavored to stimulate the writing and 126 eat& ftoll John M. Farrington, M.D. Second Surgical Division, 1858. Died in Binghamton, N. Y., April 19, 1917, aged 84 years. Augustus Abraham Rosenbloom, M.D. Second Medical Division, 1905. Died in New York, June 28, 1917, aged 37 years. Charles Young, A.B., A.M., M.D. Third Medical Division, 1868. Died in Newark, N. J., July 14, 1917, aged 75 years. Henry Freeman Walker, A.B., A.M., M.D. Second Medical Division, 1867. Died in Pittsford, Vt., August 12, 1917, aged 79 years. William Conner Shaw, A.B., A.M.. M.D. Second Surgical Division, 1874. Died in Pittsburgh, Pa., September 18, 1917, aged 71 years. Ami Jacques Magnin, B.S., A.B., M.D. Second Surgical Division, 1882. Died in Paris, France, October 25, 1917, aged 59 years.. Harold Sydney Morgan, A.B., M.D., Lieut., M.C, USA., Mil. Cr. (Brit.) Second Surgical Division 1918 (on leave). Killed in action near Wulverghem, Flanders, April 12, 1918, aged 28 years. William Mecklenburg Polk, M.D., LL.D. Third Medical Division, 1870. Died in Atlantic City, N. J., June 23, 1918, aged 73 years. David Everett Wheeler, A.B., M.D., Lieut., M.C, U-S.A., C. de G. Second Surgical Division, 1900. Killed at Missy, near Soissons, France, July 19, 1918, aged 45 years. John Warren, M.D. First Medical Division, 1882. Died at Lake George, N. Y., August 2, 1918, aged 62 years. 260 SDeatf) laoll Louis Hermann August Schneider, M.D. First Medical Division, 1891. Died in New York, August 22, 1918, aged 49 years. Robert Goldthwaite, Jr., M.D., Capt., M.C, U.S.A. Fourth Surgical Division, 1894. Died in Base Hospital No. 26, Allery, France, September 30, 1918, aged 46 years. John Edwin Ray, Jr., A.B., M.D., Capt-, M C, U.S.A., D. S. C, Mil. Cr. (Brit.) Second Surgical Division, 1914. Wounded in Bellicourt area and died in a British Base Hospital, Tourville, France, October 5, 1918, aged 30 years. Robert Samuel Topping, M.D. Third Surgical Division, 1915. Died in Newark, N. J., October 11, 1918, aged 35 years. George William Thomson, M.D. Third Medical Division, 1893. Died in Montego Bay, Jamaica, B. W. L, October 16, 1918, aged 51 years. Theodore Fletcher Mead, A.B., M.D., Capt-, M C, U.S.A., Mil. Cr. (N. Y.) Second Medical Division, 1914. Wounded at Brabant-sur-Meuse, and died in Evacuation Hos- pital 15, Glorieux-Meuse, October 29, 1918, aged 33 years. Timothy Matlock Cheesman, A.B., A.M., M.D. Third Surgical Division, 1879. Died in Garrison, N. Y., February 25, 1919, aged 66 years. John Waite Mitchell, M.D. Third Surgical Division, 1872. Died in Providence, R. I., February 27, 1919, aged 70 years. Richard Ewell Brown, M.D. Second Medical Division, 1896. Died in New York, June 14, 1919, aged 49 years. Floyd Milford Crandall, M.D. Second Medical Division, 1885. Died in New York, October 19, 1919, aged 61 years. 261 SDeat!) Ifcoll Robert Williams Carter, A.B., M.D. First Surgical Division, 1907. Died in New York, November 21, 1919, aged 41 yean. Oliver Thompson Hyde, A.B., M.D. First Medical Division, 1903. Died in Albuquerque, N. M., February 2, 1920, aged 44 years. Daniel Russell Phillips, A.B., M.D. Fourth Surgical Division, 1889. Died in Topeka, Kan., March 5, 1920, aged 56 years. John William Severin Gouley, M.D. First Medical Division, 1854. Died in Brooklyn, N. Y., April 26, 1920, aged 88 years. William Crawford Gorgas, M.D., Sc.D., LL.D., Maj.-Gen., M.C, U.S.A., D.S.M., K.C.M.G. Second Surgical Division, 1880. Died in London, Eng., July 4, 1920, aged 65 years. Robert Coleman James, M.D. Second Medical Division, 1895. Died near Lexington, Ky., November 13, 1920, aged 55 years. Silas Pierson Leveridge, M.D. Second Surgical Division, 1880. Died in New York, March 16, 1921, aged 64 years. Harry Mitchell Sherman, A.B., A.M., M.D. Third Surgical Division, 1881. Died in San Francisco, Cal., May 15, 1921, aged 66 years. Richard Kalish, M.D. Fourth Surgical Division, 1877. Died in New York, June 20, 1921, aged 67 years. Henry Herman, A.B., M.D. Third Medical Division, 1885. Died in West End, N. J., July 12, 1921, aged 61 years. Charles Elihu Quimby, A.B., A.M., M.D. Second Surgical Division, 1879. Died in New York, November 6, 1921, aged 68 years. 262 2Deat|) i&oU HONORARY MEMBERS John Manuel Byron, M.D. University of Naples, 1877. Died in New York, May 8, 1895, aged 33 years. Stuart Eldridge, M.D., U.S.M.H.S. Died in Yokohoma, Japan, 1901. Sir William Osier, Bt„ M.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. Died in Oxford, Eng., December 29, 1919, aged 70 years. PERMANENT ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Stuart Douglas, M.D. Resident Physician, Insane Pavilion, 1887-94. Died in New York, October 14, 1894, aged 33 years. George Bingham Fowler, M.D. Visiting Physician Fourth Medical Division, 1886-1904. Died in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 6, 1907, aged 59 years. (Enrolled in 1913 and 1914 Year Books as George Ryerson Fowler in error.) Joseph Bidleman Bissell, Ph.B., M.D., Maj., M.C., U.S.A. Visiting Surgeon, Director Surgical Service, Fourth Division. Died in New York, December 2, 1918, aged 60 years. Frank Watson Jackson, M.D. Visiting Physician, First Division. Died in New York, January 8, 1919, aged 62 years. 263 FOUNDERS AND FORMER OFFICERS FOUNDERS OF THE SOCIETY HERMANN MICHAEL BIGGS ROBERT JAMES CARLISLE TRUMBULL W. CLEAVELAND *JOHN RICHARD CONWAY •FLOYD MILFORD CRANDALL CONDICT WALKER CUTLER ♦WILLIS WALTON FRENCH FRED WALKER GWYER ♦HENRY HERMAN LUCIUS WALES HOTCHKISS GARRY DE NEUVILLE HOUGH LEROY WATKINS HUBBARD NATHAN STURGES JARVIS ♦EGBERT LeFEVRE SAMUEL HUNTER PINKERTON ♦ALEXANDER BARNETT POPE REGINALD HALL SAYRE CHARLES FRANCIS STOKES ROBERT HAWTHORNE WYLIE * Deceased. 266 FORMER OFFICERS Presidents ♦Henry Herman_________________________..........__1886-1887 Hermann Michael Biggs _____________________________1887-1889 ♦Richard Kalish __________________________________1889-1890 ♦Charles Phelps____________________________________1890-1891 ♦Egbert Le Fevre __________________________________1891-1892 ♦Wisner Robinson Townsend ________________________1892-1893 ♦Frederick Holme Wiggin ___________________________1893-1894 ♦Charles Clifford Barrows____________________________1894-1895 Parker Syms ______________________________________1895-1896 Lucius Wales Hotchkiss ____________________________1896-1897 Robert James Carlisle_______________________________1897-1898 ♦Samuel Alexander_________________________________1898-1899 *Charles Elihu Quimby_____________________________1899-1900 Nathan Edwin Brill ________________________________1900-1901 Alexander Lambert _________________________________1901-1902 Robert Tuttle Morris ______________________________1902-1903 John Frederick Erdmann ___________________________1903-1904 William Jessup Chandler ____________________________1904-1905 George Bevan Hope ________________________________1905-1907 Henry Schermerhorn Stearns ________________________1907-1908 ♦Julius Hayden Woodward __________________________1908-1909 Reginald Hall Sayre _______________________________1909-1910 *Floyd Milford Crandall ____________________________1910-1911 ♦Hezekiah Seymour Houghton _______________________1911-1912 Henry Mann Silver _______________________________fl913 George David Stewart ______________________________1914 James Sears Waterman _____________________________1915 Robert Justice Wilson ______________________________1916 Samuel Albertus Brown_____________:________________1917 Albert Eugene Sellenings___________-----------------1918 William Emery Studdiford____________________________1919 Charles Blount Slade________________________________1920 Eben Foskett ______________________________________1921 267 JFotmet ^>tOcecs> Vice-Presidents ♦Alexander Barnett Pope ____________________________1886-1887 Le Roy Watkins Hubbard _________________........___1887-1889 Parker Syms_______________________________________1889-1890 Fred Walker Gwyer ________________________________1890-1891 ♦Wisner Robinson Townsend___________........______1891-1892 ♦Frederick Holme Wiggin ___________________________1892-1893 ♦Charles Clifford Barrows ___________________________1893-1894 Parker Syms_______________________________________1894-1895 Lucius Wales Hotchkiss __________....................1895-1896 Robert James Carlisle _______________________________1896-1897 ♦Samuel Alexander___________....................____1897-1898 ♦Charles Elihu Quimby _____________________________1898-1899 Nathan Edwin Brill ________________________________1899-1900 Alexander Lambert __________________________________1900-1901 Robert Tuttle Morris _______________..................1901-1902 John Frederick Erdmann ________________..........___1902-1903 William Jessup Chandler _____________________.......1903-1904 George Bevan Hope _________________________________1904-1905 Horace Sheldon Stokes ______________________________1905-1906 William Stoutenborough Terriberry ___________________1906-1907 •Julius Hayden Woodward __________________________1907-1908 John Adam Steurer _________________________________1908-1909 •Floyd Milford Crandall ___________________________1909-1910 •Hezekiah Seymour Houghton________________________1910-1911 James Clifton Edgar ________________________________1911-1912 George David Stewart ______________________________fl913 James Sears Waterman _____________________________1914 Robert Justice Wilson _______________________________1915 Nathan Sturges Jarvis ______________________________1916 Albert Eugene Sellenings ___________________________1917 William Norris Hubbard ___________________________1918 Charles Blount Slade _______________________________1919 Robert Morris Daley ________________________________1920 Edward Shearman McSweeny _______________________1921 Secretaries Fred Walker Gwyer ________________________________1886-1889 William Norris Hubbard ___________________________Il889-1895 George Dempster Hamlen ___________________________1895-1897 Louis Augustus Zerega di Zerega_____________________1897-1901 William Stoutenborough Terriberry ___________________1901-1906 Edward Shearman McSweeny -----(Resigned December 5) 1905 William Wesley Carter ---------(Elected December 5) 1905-1907 John Joseph Nutt __________________________________1907-1911 Claude Augustine Frink ___________________________1911-1912 268 ifotmet $Dt£itet& Hugh Burke Blackwell ______________________________1913-1914 Frank Roderick Holbrook ________________(Resigned April) 1915 Hugh Burke Blackwell _______________(Elected May) 1915-1917 George Norbert Slattery_______________________________1918 James Treat Gorton __________________________________1919- Treasurers Robert James Carlisle ____.............______________1886-1895 ♦Floyd Milford Crandall _____________________________1895-1903 Horace Sheldon Stokes ______________________________1903-1905 Haven Emerson ______________________________________1905-1910 Robert Justice Wilson _______________________________1910-1914 Robert Morris Daley _________________________________1914-1920 Oswald Swinney Lowsley _____________________________1920- HlSTORIAN Robert James Carlisle •Deceased. fin 1912 year changed to conform to calendar year. 269 OFFICERS AND STANDING COMMITTEES For the Year 1922 President Edward S. McSweeny Vice-President Chester F. S. Whitney Secretary James T. Gorton 181 Park Avenue, Yonkers, N. Y. Treasurer Oswald S. Lowsley Historian Robert J. Carlisle Committee on Science Edward S. McSweeny, Ex-OMcio Charles B. Slade Eben Foskett Committee on Entertainment Chester F. S. Whitney, Ex-OMcio Louis C. Schroeder Walter P. Anderton Committee on New Members Mark L. Fleming, Chairman Cornelius J. Tyson George F. Cahill David P. Barr Edward P. Eglee 270 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. Name and Objects of the Society. Section 1. The name of this Society shall be: The Society of Alumni of Bellevue Hospital. Section 2. The object of the Society shall be: First. The cultivation and advancement of medicine and surgery. Second. The promotion of social intercourse among its members. ARTICLE II. Members of the Society. Section 1. The Society shall be composed of five classes of members, to be designated (1) active members; (2) associate members; (3) emeritus members; (4) per- manent associate members, and (5) honorary members. Section 2. The active members shall be selected from ex-house physicians, surgeons and gynaecologists of Bellevue Hospital who have served at least eighteen months, each of whom shall have received a full-term diploma from the Medical Board of the hospital. But this shall not apply to those who received such a diploma dated 1917, 1918, 1919 or 1920, when because of war requirements the term was reduced to twelve months. They shall be designated 272 Constitution as resident active members and non-resident active mem- bers, the latter residing more than thirty miles from Colum- bus Circle in the city of New York. Section 3. The associate members shall consist of the house physician and surgeon of each division of the house staff, on active duty at Bellevue Hospital. Section 4. The emeritus members shall be selected from members of the society who have served as active members for twenty or more years. Proposal and election to emeritus membership shall take the course prescribed in Article II, Section 2 of the By-Laws for election to active membership. Emeritus members shall have all the privileges of active members and they shall be exempt from the payment of dues. Section 5. The permanent associate members shall be selected from members of the Medical Board of Bellevue Hospital who have served in this capacity for at least five years, but who have not served on the House Staff provided that if said member of the Medical Board has served as Assisting Visiting to Bellevue Hospital, the time so spent may be counted toward the required five years' service. The permanent associate members may also be selected from the Psychopathic and the Pathological services pro- vided the applicant has served five years. They shall have all the privileges of active members except the right to vote. Section 6. The honorary members shall be selected from physicians or surgeons of eminence, who have not served on the staff at Bellevue Hospital, but are or have been identified with hospital work in other states or coun- 273 Constitution tries. Honorary members shall have all privileges of active members, except the right to vote, and they shall be exempt from the payment of dues. ARTICLE III. Officers and Committees. Section 1. The officers of the Society shall be a Presi- dent, a Vice-President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and a Historian. These officers shall serve for one year. Section 2. The committees shall be: three standing committees and a general council. Section 3. The standing committees shall be: a com- mittee on new members; a committee on science; and a committee on entertainment. These committees shall serve for one year. Section 4. The special committees shall be: a com- mittee on nominations, and such other committees as may be required for the investigation of scientific and other questions. Section 5. The general council shall be composed of the titular officers and of the three standing committees. Section 6. The Historian shall compile for the Year- Book of each year, a record of such events of the society as may be of general interest; he shall prepare for pub- lication in the Year Book a biography of those members who may have died during any current year; and shall perform such other similar duties as may be designated by the Society. He shall employ such paid assistant as he may require. 274 Constitution ARTICLE IV. Amendments to the Constitution. Section 1. No part of this constitution shall be amended or altered, and no addition shall be made thereto, except at a stated meeting of the Society, after due notice of such amendments, alterations, or additions shall have been given in writing by an active member at a preceding stated meeting, and then only by a vote of two-thirds of the active members present. ARTICLE V. Enactment of the Constitution. Section 1. All sections or parts of sections of the prior constitution and by-laws, and all declarations or resolutions not in harmony with this amended constitution, are hereby repealed. Section 2. This constitution shall go into effect im- mediately. 275 BY-LAWS ARTICLE I. Meetings of the Society. Section 1. Stated meetings shall be held on the first Wednesday of each month, except the months of June, July, August and September. The hour of meeting shall be 8.30 P. M., and the place of meeting shall be selected by the joint action of the three standing committees, subject to the approval of the Society. Section 2. Special meetings shall be called by the President at the written request of five active members, who shall state distinctly the object or objects of such meetings, at which, however, in each case, no business other than that indicated in the announcement shall be transacted. Section 3. Each stated meeting shall consist of a scien- tific session, an executive session and a social session. Section 4. Fifteen active members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business in the executive session of a stated meeting. Section 5. Roberts' Rules of Order shall be the guide for parliamentary procedure in this Society. 276 Bp:£ato<3 ARTICLE II. Proposal and Election of Members. Section 1. Proposal for active, permanent associate, emeritus or honorary membership shall be made at no other than a stated meeting, in writing, and signed by two— and in the case of honorary membership by three—active members. The candidate for active, associate, or perma- nent associate membership shall be introduced in person to at least one member of the Committee on New Members, before being reported on, to the Society. Section 2. All names proposed for active and per- manent associate membership shall be referred to the committee on new members. At a subsequent meeting, the committee shall report the names of candidates which it recommends for election and they shall be elected by ballot. If five votes be cast against a candidate, he shall be declared not elected. Section 3. Honorary members shall be elected by ballot on the same conditions as other members, except that their proposal shall be signed by three active mem- bers, that they shall be unanimously recommended by the committee on new members, and that they shall be exempt from the payment of dues. ARTICLE III. Nomination and Election of Officers and Committees. Section 1. A nominating committee of five active mem- bers shall be elected by the Society during the executive session of the stated meeting in November. It shall be the 277 Bp:£ato0 duty of this committee to make up a ticket of the names of such active members as it recommends to fill the several offices and standing committees, and forward it, at least ten days before the next meeting, to the Secretary, who shall send a copy to each member. Section 2. The election of officers and standing com- mittees shall be held at the December stated meeting. The names of all candidates recommended by the Nominating Committee shall be upon a single ballot. A majority vote shall decide the election of a candidate. Section 3. The installation of the elected officers and standing committees shall take place at the January meet- ing, when the President shall deliver an address. ARTICLE IV. Duties of the Officers. Section 1. The President shall preside at the meetings of the Society, give a casting vote when necessary, ap- point annually a committee of three active members to audit the treasurer's accounts, appoint all special com- mittees, except the nominating committee, and perform such other duties as parliamentary usage requires. He shall be the chairman of the committee on science. Section 2. The Vice-President, in the absence of the President, shall perform the duties of the President. He shall be the chairman of the committee on entertainment. Section 3. The Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the Society, shall have charge of all the Society's property, not specified elsewhere; shall send 278 B^EatoS notices to all members at least four days before the date of each meeting, giving the titles of papers to be read, and of other presentations, with the names of their authors; shall cause to be printed in these notices the names of candidates for membership; and shall perform such other duties as may be designated by the Society. Section 4. The Treasurer shall collect and receive all dues and gifts; shall have charge of the Society's money; shall make all necessary disbursements; shall make a de- tailed report, in writing, of the condition of the Society's exchequer, at the stated meeting in January for the pre- ceding year and a semi-annual report at the stated meeting in May; and shall perform such other duties as may be designated by the Society. Section 5. The Treasurer shall deposit the Society's money in a bank designated by the action of the general council. All cheques or money-orders given by the treas- urer shall be countersigned by the President of the Society. ARTICLE V. The Standing Committees. Section 1. The committee on new members shall con- sist of five active members. This committee shall examine the credentials, and inquire into the standing of candidates for membership; shall report the names of such candidates only whose record is satisfactory; and send these names to the secretary of the Society ten days prior to the meeting at which the election of new members shall be held. Section 2. The committee on science shall consist of the president and two other members. This committee shall 279 Bg^Eatos make all arrangements for the scientific session of each meeting, and shall send to the secretary the titles of all papers to be read, and of other communications to be made, together with the names of the authors, at least ten days before each meeting. The committee with the assistance of the secretary and treasurer, shall have charge of the publication of the Society's transactions. Section 3. The committee on entertainment shall con- sist of the vice-president and two other members. This committee shall make all arrangements for the social en- tertainment of the Society, subject to its approval. Section 4. The general council shall assemble, at such times as may be deemed necessary by its chairman, for the purpose of conferring on questions pertaining to the admission of new members, to scientific contributions, to the entertainments, to the advancement of the Society, and to such other questions as may be referred to this council by the Society. Section 5. The president of the Society shall be the chairman of the general council. The secretary shall be the secretary of the general council. The secretary and treas- urer shall each keep a register of the Society's membership. ARTICLE VI. Dues and Penalties. Section 1. The dues of resident active members shall be ten dollars a year, payable at or before January 1st, each year. New members shall pay their dues at or before the second stated meeting after their election, and 280 B^EatoS shall be allowed a rebate of one dollar for each stated meeting held since the preceding January up to and in- cluding that of their election. Section 2. The dues of non-resident active members (residing more than thirty miles from Columbus Circle in the city of New York) shall be three dollars a year, pay- able at or before January 1st, each year. Section 3. Resident active members who shall have changed their place of abode and practice to towns beyond the city of New York, shall, on notifying the secretary to that effect, thereby become non-resident active members, and their annual dues shall be three dollars. Section 4. Honorary, emeritus and associate members shall be exempt from dues. Section 5. The dues of permanent associate members shall be ten dollars a year, payable on or before January 1st, each year; if the permanent associate members reside more than thirty miles from Columbus Circle in the city of New York the dues shall be three dollars per year. Section 6. Any member in arrears for six months shall be suspended until his dues are paid. The name of any member in arrears for two years shall be dropped from the roll. He may, however, have it restored by paying all arrears of dues up to date, and by a two-thirds vote of the active members present at a stated meeting. Section 7. The treasurer shall notify a member in arrears at least one month before the time at which he is liable to be suspended, or to have his name dropped from the roll. 281 TSpJL&\33& Section 8. All notices to members shall be sent by mail, prepaid, and directed to their residences or offices. Such mailing shall be presumptive evidence of the due service of notices. Section 9. Members shall be allowed to introduce guests at the meetings of the Society, subject to the ap- proval of the committee on entertainment. Section 10. The dues of all members while engaged in active service during the war shall be remitted. ARTICLE VII. Discipline of Members. Section 1. The kind of discipline, beyond the drop- ping of names for non-payment of dues, shall be censure, suspension, or expulsion from the Society, but no member shall be expelled, except by a vote of three-fourths of the active members present. Section 2. // at any time charges be preferred against a member, the case shall be referred to the three standing committees, which jointly shall constitute the committee on discipline, with the secretary of the Society as recorder, and shall investigate the charges and report the result to the Society for action. Section 3. The president of the Society shall be the chairman of the committee on discipline, and the secretary of the Society shall be the recorder of its proceedings and shall report to the Society the finding of the committee, in each case, with such details as may be necessary. The 282 25g*?tato£ chairman shall be empowered to appoint an active member of the Society as special counsel of the committee. Section 4. All charges against a member shall be made in writing, signed by the accuser, inclosed in a sealed wrapper, indorsed "charges against a member," and sent to the secretary of the Society, who shall forward the document to the committee on discipline. Section 5. The committee on discipline, in investigating charges against a member, shall summon both the accuser and the accused to appear, in order that the defense as well as the prosecution be heard, and a copy of the charges shall, at the same time be sent to the accused. If the accuser refuses to appear, the case shall be dismissed, but if the accused refuses to appear, the case shall proceed, and this refusal to appear shall be noted in the committee's report, which shall be made at the earliest stated meeting of the Society. The accused and accuser shall be entitled each to select an active member to act as counsel. ARTICLE VIII. Order of Business and Discussion. Section 1. The order of business at stated meetings shall be as follows: I. Scientific Session. 1. Calling the meeting to order by the presiding officer. 2. Installation of the president-elect, and of the stand- ing committees. In January. 3. President's address. In January. 283 B?*£ato0 4. Presentation of cases. 5. Report of cases. 6. Presentation of specimens, apparatus, and instru- ments. 7. Reading and discussion of papers. II. Executive Session. 1. Reading of the minutes of the previous meeting. 2. Reports of officers and standing committees. 3. Election of new members. 4. Election of the nominating committee. In November. 5. Election of officers and standing committees. In December. 6. Unfinished business. 7. Miscellaneous business. III. Social Session. This order of business may be changed at any session by a majority vote of the Society. Section 2. The limit of discussion for each member shall be ten minutes, except in the case of the reader of a paper, who shall be allowed twenty minutes to defend his thesis and close the discussion. Section 3. No member shall be allowed to speak more than twice on the same subject. ARTICLE IX. Amendments to the By-Laws. Section 1. No part of these by-laws shall be amended or altered, no addition shall be made thereto, and they 284 B^tlatos shall not be suspended, except at a stated meeting of the Society, after due notice of such amendment, alteration, addition or suspension shall have been given in writing by an active member at a preceding stated meeting, and then only by a vote of two-thirds of the active members present. ARTICLE X. Enactment of the By-Laws. Section 1. All sections or parts of sections of the prior by-laws and constitution, and all declarations or resolu- tions not in harmony with these amended by-laws are hereby repealed. Section 2. These by-laws shall go into effect immed- iately. As amended to January 4, 1922. 285 JHOIVAL WlStim!LS^«« I NL" ooo?4ai<1 !; ■ 11 Hot v;i