ARMED FORCES MEDICAL LIBRARY Washington, D. C. J$^ ERATO ^^S?S William dkFork.«t Thomson t. Dzc:izr*.vjx American Herbal, MATERIA MEDIC A. WHEREIN The VIRTUES of the MINERAL, VEGETA- BLE, and ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS of North and South America are laid open, so far as THEY A»?K KNOWN; AND THEIR USES IN THE *ractice of PHYSICand SURGERY exhibi- COMPREHENDING An account of a large number of New Mechcal Bifcov- ries and Improvements, which are compiled from the heft authorities with much care and attention, and promulgated for the purpofe of Jpreadmg medical fight and information in America. By SAMUEL STEARNS, .lI'l. d, • *v ______ -\ • - ->, Solatium Affliflit, \.KL Q c, p-j > rH» COPY *,C„T OF THU *OOK „ iiCURID.A, t„ 4CT „,„„,■ W A L P 0 L E, Printed by DAVID CARLISLE For THOMAS & THOMAS, and the AUTHOR. 1801. .?.'s:-:jl r:r.n' i.3 : c a u a : -.: ■ t- lOJTJ ;;ik< . ■ ;/ r r r: y: : ,. .-, jic'.'--..: r? ' r j • ■ :\ 3 n 1 ( • v. ...,, /.IvK;i .ioM PRE FA CE. TO PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS. AND APOTHECARIES, Gentlemen, THE atilbar is a native of the common- wealth of Maffachufetts, where he was inftrufted in the medical art, according to the methods that were in vogue in the younger part of his'Jife ; but as there was no regular fyftero, of pharmacy, phyfic, or furgery to be found; hefoon discovered that both the theory and practice of medicine, flood in great need of reformation and amendment in our Ameri- can borders. He obferved that the medical books had been compiled by different authors, in differ- ent periods of time, as the medical art was- rif- ing to higher and higher degrees of perfection ; and that, although they had been judicioufly written, and contained fome things which ought to be publifhed from generation to generation, yet they frequently gave different accounts concerning the virtues, operations and tfft&s. of medicines, upon the human body ; the de- scription, 4 PREFACE. fcriptiori of chTeafes, and the merhods of "pre* fcribing remedies for their cure. That there was no .eftablifhed rule for a guide to theapothacariesin compounding their medicines, as fome compounded according to the prescriptions given in onedifpenfatorj', and others according to thofe given in another, &c. hs there was a number of fuch books in ufe : hence a variety of medicines were compound- ed and fold under one and the fame name, which had different degrees of ftrengtn, and this proved to be an evil mode pf practice, be- caul'c :: had a direft tendency, not only to de- lude the mod fkilful phyficians, in the admin- iflration ,of pioper dofes, but to expofe the lives of ihe people by their taking too large and fometimes too fmall quantities of fuch com- pounds. He :iifo ohferved, that the methods of in* ftmction we re 'ikewife different, among-ft the different tea he s of the healing art : that fome pupils had bet j taught one way, and others a- nother, See. and that, by their being thus dif- ferently intlructed, they .had imbibed different opinions concerning the virtues of medicines, and the cure of difeafes.— Fherefore, when the/ met to coniult upon difficult and danger- ms cafes, they could not agree in prefcribireg remedies ; and that fuch aifagreemptats too fitquentiy terminated in contention .and dif* cord to the great injury of their patients. •■: Therefore, for the purple of lading a:fo«n- dation for the removal of ehofe clouds of dark-i nefs and ignorance, which tco ma«y had im* bibed PREFACE. bibed by the reading of erroneous books, and by being wrongly inftru&ed, he undertook in September, in the year 1772, to compile an American D'tfpenfalory, and afterwards a fyflem of fbyjic, and furgery ; and to make the work as complete and ufeful as our knowledge in the prefent age will admit, he travelled in nine cf our American Governments ; and in England, Scotland, Ireland, and France ; for the pur- pofe of collecting an account of the new medi- cal difcoveries and improvements which have been made in the different parts of the world ; and that he might be furmQied with.all the medical light and information he could polfi-. bly obtain, he attended le&ures upon the vari- ous branches of medicine, and upon natural and experimental philofophy in Europe ; and re- turned to America after near three yearsab- fence j has diligently followed travelling and medical ftudies fince his return ; and finds, by his Journal, that he has travelled 11,607 miles by land, and 11,578 miles by. water. - His productions are ready for the Prefs, and he is greatly miftaken, if he has not collected a larger number of new medical difcoveries and improvements, than ever was collected in any former period of time fince the world began.— Thefe new-difcoveHes, together with an account otthofe things that have flood the tad of ages in the cure of difeafes, are intended for a com- plete medical library, anatomy ,e xcepted. He has attempted to leave out of the woik, an ac- count of thofe' needlefs fimples, officinal com- ppfitionr, ,md extemporaneous., prefcrjptions, A -2 - which 6 P R E F AC E, which have long impeded the progrefs of the healing art, and now (land juftly condemned by the moft celebrated Phyficians, as injurious" in the practice of phyfic. He intends to publifh his productions in two large volumes in folio, under the names of an American Difpenfatory, and the Columbian Prac- tice of Phyfic, and Syftem of Surgery-y and the work is to be adorned with copper plates, neat- ly engraved, comprehending chymical' charac- ters, Botanical figures, and cuts of the furgeri- cal instruments. As to the arrangement of the work, it is chiefly alphabetical. In the Difpenfatory, he has given ».. An account of the Rife and Progrefs of1 medicine from the days of Me/ampus to the prefent age. '■' 2. Of the Elements of Pharmacy. '; 3. Of the Materia Medica, wherein the min- eral, vegetable, and animal productions are de- fcribed ; the refult of the chymical experiments- upon 437 articles carefully laid down,>the:vtr- tues of the fimples explained/*arid thekafes in pharmacy, phyfic, and furgery exhibited'- 4. Of the preparation and competition pf medicines, according to the late'directions giv- en bythe royal Colleges of Phyficians in Con- don, Edinburgh, and other European ^coun- tries. ■'-■"' '■ 5. Of trie extemporaneous"''p-fefeVrpt-ions-, lately contrived for the„ufe ttnd'benefit 6f prac- titioners. ' ■ ±'~ -■ a - ■■; 6. Of the arralfijemettt of medicines into dif-. ferent P R E F A C Ei 7 ferent claffes, u*ith an account of the operation and effects of each.filaf&npon the human body. 7. A ipoffolqgical table, exhibiting ^ie dof- es of thofe fimples and compounds, which are intended far internal ufe. In the Columbian PruSlic* of Piyjicand Syf- tem of Surgery he has given, 1. An account of the fix non naturals, as, ,. 1. Of the air, 2. Of alimenfc^;, 3. Of exercilii dnd reft, • 4. Of wakefulnefs and fleep, 5. Of repletion and evacuation, . 6. Of the paffions and. affections of the, mind. 2. 'Of more than 1387 difeafes ; their clafs^ es, orders* genera, fpecies and varieties ; defi- nition, caufeSy diagnoftics, prognostics, regim-, en, and proper methods of cure, • -ji A fyllabus of the Symptoms of difeafes. 4. Of the indruments. auxiliaries, and med- icines ufed in the Surgeon's Art ; with the. moft important directions concerning the re- duction of fradures and taxations; the per* forming of capital operations, and the curing of abfceffei, wounds, and ulcers. Perhaps, it may not be improper to men-i tton, that by -re-afon of the la«* -difaoveriesand improvements in chymiftry, and other brnU. che»-df- medicine, the v-irtuei of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions of the uni-t verfe, have been more fully ascertained ; new remedies difcovered ; new modes of cph3po4r/.r and Sciences ?—No. Have you read the Encyclopaedia ?—No. Have yoj* feen a view of the Science of -Life f —No. Should any enquire why all the gentlemen of the faculty have not been lupplied with thefe, and other ufeful productions ?—the anfwer mull be, Poverty • for it is poverty that has prevented the pointers frora reprinting, and our:practitioners from purchafing thofe excel- lent books. But, perhaps, fome may disbelieve this doc. trine: but they will undoubtedly be convinc- ed, when they confider that the Printers cannot be fupported without money ; and that many of our medical practitioners are under indigent circumstances, occafioned by their having had their learning jo pay forafter-they began toprac- tife, horfes and medicines to purchafe, lands to buy, boufes to build, taxes to pay, families to maintain, and large, numbers of poor people to vifit, who are unable to make payment; and that thefe things have rendered them unable to pur.ch»fe medical books. . . It 14 PR E F A C E. It was the Author's intention feveral years a- go, to have publifhed the American Difpenfato- ry,by fubfcription,and he accordingly Sent forth lubfcription papers with the names of the late Gen. Washington, Gov. Huntington, Dr. Rujk, and fome of the other moll celebrated charac- ters on the continent, but found a large number of practitioners who efteemed themfelves una- ble to pay for that production only, being, to appearance, not under fo good circumftances as our common farmers. On making thefe things known, it was pro— poCeel by a large number of gentlemen, in dif- ferent ftates, that a fumof money be raifed by a lottery, for the purpofe of defraying the ex- penfe of compiling and publifhing not only the American Difpenfatory, but the Columbian Prac- tice of Phyfic, and Syfiem of Surgery, that copies of thtm might be given gratis to the pbyfi- cians, furgeons, apothecaries, and fludents in phyfic j that all of them may be furnifiied with an account of the new medical difcoveries and improvements. Several attempts have been made to obtain permiffion of the leginatures, to raife money by a lottery, for this great and important pur- pofe ; but as other lotteries were in the 'way, the requeft has not been granted. But although lotteries have frequently f-en granted to Colleges, Churches, Congregations. Blackfmiths, and Weavers ; yet fome have ap- peared to be oppofed to the Phyficians' having the benefit of fuch favours ; and this Seems very ftrange \ when the prefetvation of health* and PREFACE. 21 and prolongation of life, fo effentially depends upon having our medical practitioners well in- ftruaed. , A medical lottery has been recommended by more than 70 noted characters, as the befl; method that can be contrived for the purpofe of fpreading medical knowledge in America : and if it is the bed method, it ought to be pur- fued. The medical art has been of fuch great util- ity to mankind, that in former ages it was pat- ronized, encouraged, ftudied, and practifed by Kings, Princes, Philofophers and Priefts; nay, by the higheft, wifeft, and beft men in the world ; and great rewards were given to the inventors and improvers of its various branch- es. And in thefe modern times, great encour- agements have been giyen in European coun- tries for the purpofe of promoting the increafe of medical knowledge : and it is a pity, that more has not been done in America, in order to raife the medical art to a higher degree of perfection amongft ourfelves. As we know of no better method than that of railing money by a lottery, for the purpofe of fpreading medical knowledge, one ought to be granted ; and continued until the defirabie work is accomplifhed. We are informed that large lotteries have lately been granted in vari- ous (tate6 on this continent, as two of 250,00a dollars each, in the ftate of New York ; one of 100,000 dollars, for the purpofe of build- ing a bridge over the Delaware river, at Tren- ton ; *4 P RE FA C Ei ton ; and another of 400,000 dollars, in or- der to open a eanal in the Ohiccoantry. Now why may we not have a lottery^ • of 60,000 dollars for the purpofe Of opisning/iihe grand canal of «nedical knowledge ; of diffa* fing.it throngh al! the regions of tho United States • and of ma'-^ngf knewr. ::±xny impor- tant: things wh*ch . have hu.a hi'den from practitioners fince the founda jn of. the world ? .: ;.;,•;• ■ It appears that Cengrtfs have promulgated and {[ -cad the laws of our National Legiili* Jure, throughout the United States of America, at the expenfe of the pub.ic, or by Aims -.of money taken out of the National Treafurptv This was a very laudable *] {inflation, for the laws of the United States could not be obeyed, nor executed, unlefs they were known, .any more than new medical difcoveries and im- provements can regulate the praaice of phyfi- cians whilft they remain unknown. Now if the laws of the United States- can- not be promulgated, and fuflaciently fpread without money taken from the national treafu- ry ; is it probable, that the new medical difcov- eries and improvements, which are fuppofed to be more than 2,000 in number, can be publifh. ed and fufBciently Spread without aflifiance from the public ? Can any of thofe, who areoppofew and non- encouragers of the increate of medical knowl. edgeia America, invent a better method tban that of a lottery,,which has bee* reconinjded by fome PREFACE. x3 fome of the wifeft and moft learned men on the continent ?. ; Perhaps, they will fay, that the work may be published by Subscription : but that has been already tried in vain, and it cannot be Suffi- ciently fpread (that way in a century. The publication of medical books by Sub- scription, i$ a very flow way of fpreading med- ical knowledge. Dr. Rufb published his firft volume, elevpn years ago, and Dr. Bartram his botanical works,feven years ago ; and yet, but a very few of them have been feen in the northern States, and Should the Author attempt to pub- lish his prodnaions in that manner, they would not be fufficiently fpread in an hundred years, as has been already obferved. His produc- tions have been examined and highly recom- mended by fome of our moft learned phyfi- cians ; and he propofes to have the work pub- lished under the infpeaion of a committee of fuch charafters, to prevent error. The only way to put the theory and praaice of phyfic, upon a refpeaable and profitable ba- fis in America, is to publifh and fpread amongft all the gentlemen of the faculty, a regular fyf- tem of pharmacy, phyfic, and furgery, free from the errors recorded in our old medical books ; and containing an account of all the new med- ical difcoveries and improvements, that can be colkaed from the different parts of the uni- veife. At a great expehfe, and with much care and attention* he has compiled fuch lyftems ; and is very forry, that he has found fo much cold- B nefs, 14 PREFACE; nefs, deadnefs, dullnefs and backwardness a- mongft fome, who do not incline to1 promote the increafe of medical knowledge in this coun- try. Had proper encouragement been given, thefer fyftems might have 'been chiefly published and Spread by this time, and our citizens greatly benefited thereby, • not only by having their health preServed and reftored in a cheaper, ea*- fier, and more expeditious manner ; but by •' Saving their money from being fent to diftant countries for medical produaions. He has not been able to find one complete fyftem of phyfic, amongft all the books that have been publifhed by the moft celebrated writers, for many things are wanting. Dr. Boerbaave's works have become old ; nu- merous difcoveries have been made fince his time, an account of which his books do not contain. Dr. Cullen has mentioned 1387 difeafes in his nofology ; and but a few in his firft lines upon the theory and praaice of phyfic^ which leaves us in the dark concerning the cure of many diforders. Dr. Motherby publifhed an excellent medi- cal diaionary ; but in treating of difeafes, he breaks off, as it were in the midft of the Soty; '■>'■ and direas to the perufal of other authors. In the Encyclopedia, many things are want- ing in regard to the theory and praaice of phyfic. Neither are our fyfienis of/urgery every whit : perfea, for lome things are omitted. ■ . As PRE F :A C E. *5 As to Pharmacy, it has been much improved and reformed of late, by the noble exertions of the Royal Colleges of Phyficians in London and Edinburgh, who have done great honour to themfelves, and to the Britifh Nation by re- forming this uSeSul branch of knowledge : but they do not, however, confider their produa- ions asa complete fyStem of pr.iaical and fci— entific pharmacy. There irre agreat variety of other medical •books,, ,but none of them approach fo near to •jfyftemsias thofe already mentioned. The A~ merican Difpenfatory, and the Columbian Prac- -tide of Phyfic, and Syflem of Surgery, are com- piled from 95 of the beft medical books he has been able to procure in the univerfe ; and a large number of new difcoveries and im- provements are added, which have not been publifhed. He has endeavoured to fupply the defeas in other fyftems, by not omitting a An- gle difeafe, no cafe in iurgery, nor any thing approved of in the apothecaries' art. He has had the works of both the ancient and modern phyficians to compile his fyftems from, and if proper encouragement was given by the public, a completer fyftem of pharmacy, phyfic and Surgery might be publifhed and -fpread here, than ever appeared before in any part of the world ; and as theory is the genuine bafisof praaice, it would lay an excellent foun- dation for the raifing up of regular bred phyfi- cians, lurgeons, "and apothecaries among our- felves ; make the cure of difeafes more eafy, and the praaice of phyfic lefs expenfive ; for Skilful x6 PREFACE. flcilful phyficians commonly do more good by ten vifits, than thofe groping in the dark can by thirty. He therefore recommends the eftablifhment of a regular fyftem of pharmacy, phyfic, and furgery j and to ftudents in phyfic, the ftudy of the latin and greek languages ; alio arithme- tic, geometry, mineralogy, botany, zoology, chymiftry, the materia medica, pharmacy, a- natomy, pathology, theraputice, furgery, and obftetricatio ; the visitation of hofpitals, and bo- tanical gardens ; and, likewife, the attendance >f leaures upon every branch of medicine : for •* thorough knowledge in all thefearts and Sci- ences is abfolutely neceflary for thofe who in- send to become good praaitioners. 1 he great utility of the medical art amongft mankind, has induced almoft every nation to rultivate and improve it : it has been greatly • ncouraged by the Jews, Christians, Turks and Heathens, and even by the worn of Barbari- ,n;s, who were fond, of promoting their own health and happinefs ; but in America, we have been too backward, caieleSs, and, inatten- live in cultivating and improving this uSeful branch of knowledge. Nay, both the theory and praaice of phyfic, in this country, in the piefent age, is in fuch a hprrid condition, that ive make ourfelves a mere laughing Stock, a- mongft the learned in diftant nations, for our theory Stands in great need of reformation and amendment; and eyery ignorant fellow and paltry gcffip, who pleafes, is fuffered to rufh into the praaice of medicine : to adminifter dangerous PR E F A C E. t7 dangerous remedies without weight, and with- out meafu re, and even to overrun the regular- ly bred phyficians. It is now 193 years ficce the Europeans firft fettled in the United States : the number of people are fo greatly multiplied, that they have become an independent nation, and yet no reg- ular fyftem of pharmacy, pbyfrc or furgery has ever been publifhed by any American. But it is high time for us to bring 2bout a reformation, andtbofe whooppofe it, or do not encourage it, ought to be treated with con- tempt, efteemed worfe than barbarians, Spurn- ed from human fociety, and held up as ene- mies to the health and happinefs of mankind. You will pleafe to obServe, Gentlemen, 1. That this Herbal is only a part of the Materia Medica, which he has compiled in the American Difpenfatory. 2. That it treats of our American produc- tions only, and gives no general account of thofe found in the other parts of the world, un- lefs fome of the fame kind are produced here. 3. That Bolanijis give different names to one and the fame plant ; and from hence fome of thofe mentioned. in this book may appear to be new ; and more efpecialiy, as fome were given by the Spaniards, fome by the Portu- guefe, and fome by the Indians ; there being no Latin, Greek, nor Englifh names to be found for many of the productions of South Ameri- ca. 4. That the numbers annexed to fome of the L«atia names in this Herbal, denote how many Bos Species -B PREFACE. Species of the fame plant, there are in the world. 5. That the want of room has obliged ther author to omit the principal part of the descrip- tions of the fimples, and alio the refult of the chymical experiments upon the fame. 6. That this Herbal u properly an American Materia Medica, becaufe it treats of the mineral, vegetable, and animal produaions of our coun- try. 7. That fome articles are included, whofe vir- tues are known ; fome whofe medical powers ;re unknown, and fome once in high repute in the cure of difeafes, but now outof ufe in the praaice of medicine. 8, That the fmallnefs of the book, and the large number of articles treated of in the fame, has obliged him to comprehend multum inpar- vi, and only mention the virtues, uSes, anddof- i-s of the fimples. 9. That the dofes are intended for adults, and ought to be increafed or diminished, ac- cording to the age, constitution, and circum- Itances of the patient. 10. That he has endeavoured to dtflinguifh poifons from other fubftances ; and to exhibit what is, and what is not fit for food and phyfio; Alfo in what difeaSes the fimples may be bene. ficial, and when their administration may prove injurious. 11. That he is apprehenfive that the* virtue* of fome of our American productions,; are not exactly as they are fet forth by authors, an& efpecialiy thofe daferibed by the Indians, whofe want of knowledge in the liberal aits and fci^ ences. P.R E F*A C E. 19 ences, renders it impoffible for them to be reg- ularly bred phyficians, without further instruc- tion than that obtained among their own tribes. ia. That the virtues of a great number of our produaions remain unknown, which opens a door for the making of further difcoveries and improvements. 33. That we ought to know the natures of the produaions of our own country ; although we are not obliged to ufe all of them in the praaice of phyfic. 14. That this Herbal, contains an account of a large number of new medical difcoveries and improvements colleaed from information given by the Indians, and by other Nations. 15. That it is compiled, not only for the ufe and benefit of the gentlemen of the faculty, but for that of the community at large. 16. That it may be of great utility to ftu- dents, who can eafily carry it in their pockets, to refrefh their memories when they travel, and happen to be at a lofs concerning the virtues, ufes, or dofes, of any of the medicinal articles, which belong to the mineral, vegetable or ani- mal Kingdoms in America, providing their medical powers have been afcertained. 17. That although fome may be oppofed to this method of making known to the vulgar, the virtues of the produaions of America j yet men of great learning and Skill in the medical profeffion, fuppofe it will have a ditea tenden- cy to SuppreSs quackery ; for when the people once know what things arc falutary and what are not,.thev will grow more and more afraid 5 ., : Of 20 PREFACE. ofnoftmms, and guard themSelves againft the impofitions of quacks and impoftors. 18. That whenever the phyficians can ob« tain privileges fimilar to thofe granted to other citizens ; or, in other words, whenever 'they can have permiffion to raiSe a Sum of money! by a lottery, fufficient to defray the expenfe of compiling and publishing a fyftem of pharma- cy, phvfic, and furgery j he Shall endeavour to put his. other produaions 10 the preSs. He returns his fincere thanks to all perfons who have favoured nim with medical cornmn- nications, and to thofe who have fubfcribed ftp- the American Herbal—wtfhes your health and prosperity, and fubfcribes him-feif, Gentlemen, your moft obedient, and very humble fervant. Th* AUTHOR. ■J V> ,?'JIU1U i >htf ^-::fw(w' r : "i.>I -.in .rr. • - • <« ' U:>iUata1ol\ ■•■•■- ■: Jfiri'I' Vi ; : :P;Lorq ;: ■ \, ...; ( '•■•" ' i '''■■* v • INTRODUCTION, INTRODUCTION. To the MASTERS and MISTRESSES or FAMILIES. Ladies & Gentlemen, AS health is the foundation of all our eafe, comfort, pleafure, and rational delight in this mortal ftate, the promotion of it is a fubjea, which next to our everlafting falva- tion, demands our moft ferious and candid at- tention ; for if we poffeffed all the riches and honours that this perifhing world can afford, and were deprived of this ineftimable bleffing, our conditions would be miferable. In order to promote your health and happi- nefs, the Author hereby prefents- you with the firft American Herbal, ever compiled in Ameri- ca. It is written in fuch a plain and eafy Style, that thofe who are acquainted with the Eng- lish language, may eafily understand it: but it ought to be published in the German, French, Spanifh, and other languages, for the informa- tion of all the different Nations who inhabit North and South America, including the Weft Indies. Every S2 INTRODUCTION. - ILvwy-family ougftt-tobefurnifhed with tl«s ufeful work ; and you will do well, if you net only inform yourfelves, but your children ancj. fervanty, ^oheerning; the.natures, virtues and u- fes of Our" American produaions. The diffufing of this ufeful kind of knowl- edge amongft the human fpecies at large, is con- sidered as a very laudable work, becaufe it muft contribute powerfully towards preferving and reftoring the health of mankind. Every roan and woman, ought to;be their own phyfician in fome meafute, becaufe it re- quires much care and attention to keep the ten- der organs of the human machine-in repair. They Should know how to Shun mineral, vege- table, and animal poiTons ; the various kitods of miafmata, contagion, and infeaion ; extreme degrees of heat and cold ; and in a word, every kind of impending danger. They ought to wear proper clothing, keep clean, avoid intemperance, Sloth and idlenefs ; ufe gentle exercife, a nutritious diet, and to keep the paffioii; of the mind ia a ftate of tran- quil"J'v .. • ! Thefe things ought to be Obferved by all; perfons endowed with rational powers and fac- ulties ; and if their health is impaired, and they attempt to adminifter remedies them? felves,. they ought to be thoroughly acquaint*. ed with the nature of the difeafe, and the qual- ities of the medicines they exhibit ; otherwife they may dp more harm than good. But although the American Herbal may be of great utility to the community at large 4n distinguishing i NX.3. O D U.C T I QJ^ *3 distinguishing thofe things which are prejudi- cial to the health and happinefs of mankind,and in deScribing fhoSe wh^ch are proper £0 be em- ployed as "food and phyfic ; yet the ftudy of thifthook. alonc,;w41l by. no means make a mart' a complete!phyfician,/far much moT«> learning wftl'be requisite, before that great knd impor- tant work can be accomplished. 1 Shall therefore*amefHy=reeOnmwrtrd to all perfons, who are not regularly bred phyficians that when they are. (mitten with 'dangerous dif- eafes, they lean not too much upon their own understandings, nor upon the powers of nature, but apply in feafon tG;fqme fkilful phyfician for relief; for adifeafe is much-eafiet'eofiquer- edin the beginning, than when it is Seated ; and thoufands have loft th eir lives by-neglea. I thought it was my duty to give you thefe hints ; and after wifhingyour prefent felicity and future happinefs, fubfcribe myfelfy Ladies and Gentlemen, your moft obedient,iapd: ^ . very bumble Servant, ThbAUTHOR. B'.C.V A A CATALOGUE Of the names of thofe Ladies and Gentlemen, who have fubfcribedfor the American Herbal; with an Alphabetical Lifl of the Names bflhe Towns in xahich they refide in each State; K. B. Where no pumbcr it annexed to the Names of the Subscribes*, it denotes that but one copy was fubferibed for. LOWER C AN A D A. Montreal. Mr. Jamei Barnard. Sbipton. Mr. Elmer Cufhing. Stanford. Mr. Jamai Bangi. VERMONT. Addifon, in Addifon County. Dr. Albon Man. Capt. Motel Goddard. Athens, Windham County. Jamei Shafcer, E,iq. BakirsfiiU, Franklin County. Stephen Maynard, E-'q. Baltimore, Windfor County. Mr. John B. Curtii. Barret, Caledonia County. John Rankin, Elq. High Sheriff, 6 copier. Bam, Orange County. Jamei Fi(k, Efq. Mr. John D. Neifon. Bennington, Bennington County, Hit Excellency Isaac Tichenor, Efq, l, l, d. Go?- ernor of Vermont, s. Ben/on, Rutland County. Hon, Ebonezor Wilion, Efq. BrnjiaUn, VERMONT. «S Brandon, Rutland County. Capt. Panuel Child, Jamei Moflay, Efq Hiram Horton, Efq. Brattleboxough, Windham County. John Alexander, Gent. Capt. Lewii Joy, Jofiah Arms, Efq. Mr. Benjamin Barret, jun, D-'. Uriel Beino-, Jofeph Clark, E(q. Dr. Eli Day, Dr. Lem.Dickerraan, pa:d, Mr. Jonathan Dunklee, Mr. Jofeph Dunklee, jun. J. Elliot, Efq. Alt. at Law, Capt. Reuben Field, Dr. RufTal Fitcb, Mr. John Frafer, Stephen Greenleaf, Efq. Maj. Stephen Greenleaf, George H. Hall, M. B. Hon. Samuel Knight, Efq; Mr. Stephen Lowater, Mr. Oliver Nafh, Mr. John Noyei, A. M. Mr. Jona. Peabody, jun. Mr. William Patteifon, Mr. Jacob Potter, J. H. Palmer, Efq. Att. at Law. Maj. Levi Redfield, Mr. Reuben Stearns, Gen. John Steward, Col. Daniel Steward, Mr. Noah Sabin, E. Whitney, M. D. paid, L. Whitney, E q. &c. R. Whitney, E.q. &c. Mr. John E. WoQdb.-irf^e, Mr. Michael Lincoln, Mr. Afa Carpenter, Mr. Samuel M>xer, Mr. Samuel Biair, Mr. Reuben Church. Mr. Luke Hayi, Mr. Nathaniel Haynet, Mr. John Hopkim, Mr. David Horton, Capt. Wm. Holten, paid. John Houghton, Efq. Mr. Peter Houghton, Mr. Ebenezer Hadley, Bridgewater, Windfor County.—B. Perkint, Efq. 6. B'idpert, Addifon County. Mr. Jacob Hemenway, Deac. Ezra Lomii. Broimnirgtin, Caledonia County.—Hon. E. Strong, Efq. Burlington, Chittenden County.—M. Woodwottb, Efq. Calais, Ca'edonia County —Peter Whe-Iock, Efq. Cam6ridge,Tr*nk\in County.—S lai Waterman, E q, Caftleton, Rut.a' d County. Gen. Eli Cogfwell, Dr. James Q. M'Firijrtd, Capt. Arunah Hyde, Dr. Samuel Shaw, Capt. Noab Hoit, Capt. Arunah Woodward, Cavendijb, Windfor County. Salmon Dutton, E'q. Mr. Bezi.-ei Shaw, Dr. Afaph Fletcher, Salmon Dutton, jun, Erq. Chelfea, Orange County.—Theophilui Huntington, Efq. C Cbe/ler, s6 VERMONT. C-ktfter, Windfor County. Mr. Mofei Marfh, jun. CaptL Efek Earle, Capt. Benjamin Caryl, Rev. Aaron Lsland, Mr. Ralph Roundy, John Polley, Gent. Mr. Ichabod Onion, Caleb Winn, Erq. Dr. Nathan Whiting, Capt. William Crawford, Mr. Thaddeus Park, Rev. Jofhua Flagg, Mr. Jofiah Willfon, Mr. Willard Mann, Chittenden, Rutland County.—John Cowee, Efq. Clarendon, Rutland County.—Mr. Henry Hodges. Coin-wall, Addifon County.—William Slade, Efq. Danville, Caledonia County. David Dunbar, Efq. Atty. Afa King, Efq. Atty. ai at Law. Law. Derby, Caledonia County__Hon. Timothy Ilinman, Efq, Dumnerfion, Windham County. Otis Gould, Efq.Phyfician, Mr. Abel WilKon, Mr. Comfort C. Drefl'er, Luciui Hubbard, Efq. Att, at Law. Mr. Thomas L. Chandlor, Ezekiel Colburn, A. M. Martin Field, A. B. Stud. in Law. Mr. Horace Geer, Maj. Amoi Heald, Lt. Afhbel Earle. Mr. Jofeph Bemai, Mr. Din Brook, Capt. Ezra Rutterfield, Dr. Ifaac Burnet, L'. Elijah Brown, Lu-jJohn Cambridge, Rev. Aaron Ctofby, A.M. Mr. Noah. Cook, t Mr. Abner Darling, -Dr. Abel Duncan, Jafon Duncan, Efq. Mr. Samuel Duncan', Mr. Silas Fairchild, Lt. Daniel Gatei, Mr. Reuben Holten, Mr. Samuel Knight, Mr. Alesunder Kelley, Mr. Ichabod Knap, Mr. Abner Kneeland, Capt. Peter Lamb, John Laugbion, Gent. Mr. Jonathan Barrul, jun, Mr. Caivin Butler, Lt. Jonathan Barrul, Col. William Boyden, Mr. Simeon Col.bey, Mr, Sylvanui Millar. Capt. Vefpalian Miller, Dr. Jonathan Moore, Mr. William Negm, S. Porter, Efq. Att, at law. Mr. Elijah Parker, Student in law. Lt. Abraham Robertt, Lt. Elijah Rice, Col. William Sargent, Mr. Daniel Stearns, Mrs. Sarah Stearni, 6. Capt. Nathaniel Stone, Bela Shaw, Gent. Phinehas White, Efq. Att. , at Law. Mr. VER MONT. *7 Mr. Jofeph Metcalf, Mr. Pairla Town, Mifi Lydia Miller, Lt. Ebenezar Wait,* Mr. Marfhal Miller, Jonas Walker, Efq. Mr. Arad Holton, Mr. Jofhua Wilder, Richard Kalley, jun. Gent. Dr. William Wilder, Mr, John Miller, Lt. John Wyman. Miri Polly Miller, Duxbury, Chittenden County.—Dr. Mofei Heaton, Efq. Enofburgb, Franklin County.—William Barber, Efq. Fairfax, Franklin County.—Dr. Aaion Haftings. I'airhaven, Rutland County.—Dr James Witherol, Efq. Faxrhe, Orange County. Hon.Nathaniel N.lei,Efq. - Mr. David Parkhurft. Samuel Smith, E'q. Georgia, Franklin County.—Hon. John White, E'q. Grafton, Windham County. Mr. Maneffeh Houghton, Capt. Jihn B. Whaelar. Rev. Benjamin Pierce, Guilford, Windham County. Mr. David Ayeri, Maj. Abia-.her Joy, Mr. John Akely, Mr. Amos Smith, Hon. Wm. Bigelow, Efq. Amafa Smead, Efq. Dr. Samuel Bullock, Mr. Seth Shepherdfon, Lt. John Barnard, Dr. Simon Steven?, Mr. Jeffa Billingi, Mr. Jofeph Slatar, Mr. Jofeph Bruce, jun. Mr. Ifrael Slatar, Mr. Daniel Dwyar, Capt. Sam. Shepherdfon, Mr. Jofeph Davii, Mr. David Stowell, Mr. Jonai Farnfworth, Mr. Umphrey Parmeter. Peter Frink, Gent. Mr. Aaron Wilder, Dr. Dana Hyde, Mr. John Younglove, Mm. Lucy Hyde, Maj. Royal Tyler, Atty. at Maj. Edward Houghton, Law. Halifax, Windham County. Mr. Jofeph Henry, Dr. Samuel Richardfon. Hinjdale, Windham County. Hon. Jonathan* Hunt, Efq. Gen. Arad Hunt, Lt. Gov. Capt. Squiro How, Hon. John Bridgman, Efq. Mr. John Peeler. Hollis, Rutland County.—Lyman Clark, Efq. 6. Hubbardton, Rutland County. Dr. T. Flagg, Efq. Mr. Soth Wallii. Huntington, * This mart denvtes that thcfubfiriber is dead. s8 VERMONT. Huntington, Chittenden County,—Hon. Eli Buel, Efq. Jericho, Chittenden County. Noah Chittenden, Efq. Thomat D. Rood, Efq. jfohnfon. John M'Connel, Efq. * Dr. William H. Larraba. Lticejlcr, Addifon County. Capt. Jofeph Woodward, Mr. John Brown. Luntnbrirgb, Caledonia county.—Capt. Zerubbabel Eager. Manchejler, Bennington County.—Dr. Robert Earle. Marlborough, Windham County. Mr. Richard Coughlan, Col. Benjamin Oldf, Mr. Samuel Moore, Mr. Stephen Otil. Middkbury, Addifon County. Mr. Lsvi Barnard, Stud. Mr. L. Pierce, paid. in Law. Col. Sath Storrs, Mr. Augufline Clark, Dr. John Willard, Efq. Dr. Daniel Campbell, Capt. Samuel Wright, Mr. John Curtis, Mr. H. Waterous, Stud, in Capt. J. M'Donald. Law. Middletoiun, Rutland County.—N. Wood, jun. Efq. Milton, Chittenden County.—Abel Waters, Efq. Montgomery.—Capt. Jofhua Clap. Mdntpclier, Caledonia County.—Dr. Edward Lamb. Ntufane, W.ndham County. Ebenczer Allen, Efq. T. Barron, Efq. Atty. at Elijah Elmer, Efq. Law. Hon. L, Knoulton, Efq. Dr. John Morfe, Luke Knoulton, jun. E'q. Capt. John Stowers, Atty. at Law. Dr. Philip Tuchett. Mr. Phinehat Lamb. Nor/J.i__Col. William Williams. Orange, Orange county.—Thomas S. Paine, Efq. P,arham, Caledonia county.—Gen. Reuben Blanchard. Pulsfeld, Rutland county.—Mr. Vinton Barnei. Putney, Windham county. M'. Daniel Davis, Mr. Willard Moore, D:. Luther Fletcher, Mr. Jonai Powers, L-. Edward Fullerton, Lt. John Ree<), Maj. Jamei Fitch, Capt. Rofel Parker, John Goodwin, Efq. Mr. Jofiah Paiks, John Griffin, Efq. Mr. lfaac Palmer, Dr. Jofiah Goodhue, Mr. Levi Bigelow, Mr, Aaton Houghton, Mr, Alpheus Bugboe, Mr. VERMONT.. «9 Mr. John M'Wain, Mr. Alpheoi Chandler, Daniel Jewret, Efq, Dr. Alexander Campbell. Lt. Jonah Johnfon, Dr. John Campbell, Efq. Lt. Mofei Joy, Noah Sabin, jun. Efq, Lt. Jofeph Joy, Mr. John Snow, Mr. Obadiah Joy, Mr. Luther Warner, Lt. David Levir, Mr. Jofiah White, Mr. Jonathan Lockling, Mr. John Wilder, Mr. Benjamin Lord, Afa Wafhburn, E!q, Col. Samuel Minot, Randdph, O'aoge county. Lt. John Gofi, Hon. Aaion Storn, Efq. Reading, Windfor county. Mr. Benjamin Clark, Mr. Daniel GilTon, Maj. Ezra Fay, Mr. John Hale, Mr. Hanania'i Fay. Mr. Jifoo Newton. Mr. Mofei Fay, Rockingham, Windham county. Rofwell Bsllowi, Efq. Levi Sabin, M..B. Maj. E. Knight, Atty. at Dr. Alexander Campbell, Ilaw. Mr. John Fifh, Col. Wm. Page, phyfician. Lt. Oliver Willard, Mr. Matthew Reed, Royalton, Windfor county. Capt. Daniel Gilbert, Lt. Levi Mower. Rupert, Bennington county. Mrs. Submit Hu^gini, David Shelden, Efq. Rutland, Rut'and county. Capt. William Baker, Samuel Parker, Bfq. Mr. William Baker, jun. Samuel Prentifs, E,q. Alt, Dr. [ohn Cleaveland, at Law. ThomaiG.Feffanden,Erq. Dr. Daniel Reed, Atty. at Law. Hon. Abol Spencer, Efq, Oziai Fuller, Efq. Atty. at Law. Mr. Robert Gilmore, Hon. Timothy Todd, Efq.. Mr. Henry Gould, phyfician, 2. Dr. Thomai Hooker, Stephen Williami, Efq. Maj. William Lee, Mr. Frederick Billington, Salifiurj, Addifon county. Mr. Bela Fernam, Maj. Chnttophar Johnlon. Stephen Hard, Efq. Sboreham, Addifon county.—Dr. John Stickney. Stmefce, Windham county.—Daniel Kice, Efq. C a South-Hire*. 3° VERMONT. S ulh-Hero, Franklin county.—Col. Ell Allen. Southing.—Dr. Jonas S..fford. Springf:' :d, Windfor county. Snmuel, Cobb, M. D. iifq. Mr. Francis M'AUaftar. Strafford, Orange county. Banjamin Prefton, Efq. Dr, Heber Gilbert. St. Albans, Franklin county. Hon. S. Hathaway, Efq. Bates Taylor, Erq. Att'y. John Taylor, Efq. at Law. Stamford, Bennington county.—Bethuel Finney, Efq. Siuanton, Franklin county.—Samuel Boutell, E'q. Tenvn/end, Windham county. Dr. Solomon Lowell, Dr. John Wood. Waitsfidd, Chittenden county.—Dr. Stephen Pierce. Walden, Caledonia county.—Nathaniel Perkins, Erq. Wallingford, Rutland county.—Mr. Jacob Houghton. Wajhington —Mr. Jeremiah Spicer. Weathtnfitld, Windfor county.— Dr, Abraham Downer, Welh, Rutland couniy.—Simon Francis, E'q. Wefiminfter, Windham county. Mr. Daniel Abbe, Samuel Avery, Efq. Lt. Daniel Baker, 16th Reg. U. S. Gen. S. R. Bradley, Atty. at Law. Capt. Luke Brown, Mr. Afa W. Buinap, Dr. Edward Campbell, Maj. Thomas Craige, Mr. John Dickinfon, M,fs Eliza Erwen, M-. Oliver Garnfey, Cap!. M'Chael Gilfon, Atherto'n Ha!!, Efq. Dr. John F. Heileman, Lt. W. Laidlic, zd Rect.. U. S. John Norton, Efq* Mr. Levi Peck, Dr. Jabez PennimaD, Mr. Aaron Petty, Mr. Heztkiah Saunderr, Mr. Darius Smith, Eliakim Spooner, Efq, Capt. Ifrael Trafk, 16th Reg't. U. S. Cap'. Jamei Upham, L\ M. Wait, 16th Reg't, U. S. Wtfbr,dge, Addifon county. Cap!. Benjamin Hagar, Mr. Luther Hagar, Mr. B. Hagar. jun. Mr. Calvin Hagar, Mr. Jonathan Hagar, Samuel Jeweti, iifq, Mr. Thomas Hagar, Aaion Par.mele, Elq. ivl.. Abnar Hagar, WbHing) Addifon county. Samual Beach, Efq. Joel Foftar, E'q. ' Whielock) NEWHAMPSHIRE. 3« Wheelock, Caledonia county.—Co!. John Bean. Williamfiovon,Oiwgs county.—Jonathan Fifk, Efq, Wilmington, Windham county.—Jeffs Swift, Efq, (Find/or, Wino for county. Mr. Afhur Benjamin, Lt. Thomas Hunter, Dr. Benjamin G;asn, William Hunter, Efq, Mr. Jared Hinckley, Dr. Nahum Trafk. Winhall, Bennington county.—Ruffel Day, Elq. Woodftock, Windior county. N. Bayliei, Erq. Att'y. at M. Richard Peabody, jun, law. Mr. R. Ranlon, jun. 6. Benjamin Emmons, Efq. Benj. S*an, Efq. Treafurer Titui Hutchinfon, Efq. of State. Atty. at law. Vergennes, Addifon county.—Dr. Luther E. Hall. Verjhire, Orange county.—Dr. Thomas Porter, E'q. NEWHAMPSHIRE. Acnuorth, Chefhire county.—Mr. Samuel Joyflin. Aljlead, Chefhire county. Mr. Bill Blake, Levi Warner, Gsnt. Lt. Benjamin Baxter, Mr. Jofhua Phelps, Capt. Elifha Kingfbery, Ifaac Temple, Gent. Mr. Ifaac Randal, Amberft, Hillfborough county. JbQiua Atherton, Efq. At- Samuel Curtis, Efq. P. M. torney General. Charleflovin, Chefhire county. Dr. Benjamin Bellows, Hon. Samuel Steveni, Efq, Rev. Dan Fofter, A. M. Mr. Adam Wellman, Col. Afahel Hunt, Mr. Elijah Simonds. Chefterfield, Chefhire county, Mr. Ifaac Abbo<, Lt. Orea Harvey, Mr. Afa Bri'.ton, Deacon S las Thompfon, Mr. Daniel Harvey, Dr. jofhua Tyler. Ciatcmnt. Col. Samuel Afhley, 2. Col. T. Sterne, Phyfieiani. Cultbrook.—Mr. Jo'epb Loomis. Effiigheim.—Caot. John Baker. Hanover.—Jacob Stiles, M. D. Hinfdale, Coefh're county.—Mr. Jofiah Butler. Reene, Chefhire county. Thomas Biker, E'q, Dr, T. Maccarty, Efqv Noah 32 NEWHAMPSHIRE. Noah Cooke, Efq. Mr. J. Prentifs, Printer, Dr. Thomas Edward;, Mr. Thomas Shipley, Mr. Mofei Johnfon, Mr. Jofeph Stiles, Deacon Daniel Kingfbury, Mr. Thomai Shapley. Lancafitr.—Gen. Edward Buckman. landaff.—Stephen P. Webfter, Efo. Langdon, Chefhire county. Dr. John Longley, Mr. Benjamin Redington, Lebanon, Grafton county.—Capt. Sluman Lathrop. New Ipfwich, Hillfborough county.—Mr. Peter Preflon, Plymouth, Grafton county.—Mr. Stephen Holman. Richmond, Chefhire county. Mr. J. Barret, 6. Mr. Zadock Hayward, Mr. Jedidiah Buffum, Dr. Buffum Harknefi, Mr. Jonathan Cafi, Dr. Atno- Howe, Mr. Nathan Cafs, Mn. CWoe Peck, Mr. Ono Cafi, Dr. Ebtncrsr Swan, Capt. James Cook, Mr. Silai Royct, Mr. John Fofter, Mr. Peleg Taft. Rindge—Mr. William Sherwin. Surry, Chefhire county. Capt. Thomai Harvey, Hon. L. Hornet, Efq. Sfwanzey, Chefhire county. Mr. Jacob Bump, Mri. Chloe M'Dojnield,, Mr. Levi Durant, Mr. Wyman Richardfon, Dr. Calvin Frink, Efq. Dr. Krael Sawyer, Francii Goodhue, Efq. Dr. Ezia Thayer, Rev. Edward Goddard, Mr. John Whitcomb, Mr. Jofeph Learnard, Mr. Mofes B. Williams, Unity—Mr. Elijah Weed. WalpoU, Chefhire county. Gen. Amafa Allen, Lt. Gurdon Huntington; Gen. Benjamin Bellow*,. Dr. Stephen Johnfon, Col. John Bellow.-, Mr, Peter Joyflin, Hon. Tho's. Bellows, Efq. Mr. James Knapp, High Sheriff. Mr. Mofes Mead, Jofeph Bellows, Gent. Mr. Stephen Mellifh, jouab Bellows, zd, Gent. Mr. Stephen Ormfby, Mr. Levi Bellows, Mr. John Paul, Mr. Salmon Bellows, z. Mr. Thomas Redington, Mr. Joleph Barnard, Jonathan Royce, Efq, Mr. John Belcher, Mr. Elijah Spafford, ^ D*nicl W, Bifco, Mr, Ala Sibley, Maj,'. NEW H-A MPSHIRE. 33 Maj. Afa Bullard, Mr. D. Carlifle, printer. Mr. John Carlifle, Mr. John M. Cafwell, Mr. Triftram Cheney, Mr. Martin Doyle, Capt. Thomas C. Drew, Maj. Ifaiah Eaton, Capt. John Emery, Rev. T. Feffenden, A. M. Mr. Abal French, F. Gardner, Efq. Att'y. at Law. Samuel Grant, Efq. Dr. Abraham Holland, Hon. John Hubbard, Erq. Judge P.ob. 3. Mrs. Rebecca Hubbard, David Stone, Gant. Alexander Thomas, Efq. Nicanor Townfley, Efq. John L. Tuttle, Efq. Atty. at Law. Roger Vofe, Efq. Atty. at Law. Mr. Calvin Watti, Mr. Wm. H. Whitney, Mr. William Wyman, Mr. Peter Winn, Mr. Ifaac Redington, Dr. George Sparhawk, Mr. Jacob Kiblinger, Mr. Philip Lock, Lt. William Pierce, Mr. Mofes Bennat, Mr. Juftin Hinds. Weftmoreland, Chefhire county. Lt. Stephen Bowkar, Col. A. Moore, Erq. Atty. Mr. William Brettun, Daniel Brooks, A. M. Col. Jofeph Burt, Mr. Charrei Church, Mr. Tifdaie Cobb, Mr. Nathaniel Dagge*, Dr. Mofei Djdley, Dr. Parker R. Dudley, Dr. Noah Fuller, Mr. Ssth Hair, Mr. W. Hutchinfon, paid, Daniel Joyflin, Gent. Dr. Jonathan Knigh', Mr. Benjamin Leonard, Wilton—Dr. John Putnam. Wincbejltr, Chefhire county, at Law. Doac. Ezra Pierce, Rev. Alien Pratt, A. B. Mr. John Ranftead, Mr. Dudley Thomas, Broughton White, A. B. Mr. Alpheus Winchefter, Mr. David Winchefter, Mr. Jonathan Winchefter, Mr. Samuel Winchefter, Elijah Wollage, Efq. Atty, at Law. Mr. Gilbert Graves. Mr. Amoi Adam?, Mr. John Alexander, jun. D.'ac. Mofei Chamberlain, Lt. John E'fkine, Dr. George Farringtor, Mi. Thomas Gould, Mr, A. Hammond, paid, Mr. Jofhua Lyman, Mr Benjamin Melvin, Mr. Henry Pratt, Mr. Nathan Pratt, Capt. Noah Pratt, Mr. Levi Sim ms, Samuel Smith, Efq. Capt. 34- MASSACHUSETTS. Capt. Stephen Hopkim, Dr. John Stearns, Mr. Julius Jewel, Mr. Henry Thayer. Mr, Noadiah Killogg, MASSACHUSETTS. J/bburnbam, Worcefter county—Rev. J. Cufhing. Barnard/ion, Hampfhire county. Mr. Jonathan Allen, Mr. John Pinks, Capt. Caleb Chapin, Dr, Gideon Ryther. Mr. Oliver Cooley, Mr. Ifrael Slate. Dr. Ezekiel Fofter. Capt. Stephen Webfter. Mr. Samuel Hale, Barre, Worcefter county—Dr. Luciui Doolittle. Berlin, Worcefter county. Dr. Stephen Bailey, Mr.------Morfe, Dr. Daniel Brigham, Mr. Luther Priaft. Bolton, Worcefter county. Lf. Oliver Adamt, Dr. A. Moore, 6. Mr. Nathan Ellinwood, Mr. Abijah Pollard, Lt. Nathaniel Holman, Mr. Oliver Pollard, Silas Holman, Efq. Mr. Lewii Tombs, Mr. Afa Houghton, aftron. Mr. Elifha Townfend, Mr. Henry Houghton, 6. Mr. George W. Webb, Maj. Jonai Houghton, Mr. E. Whitney, 6. Capt. Jona. Houghton, Mr. John Whitney, Mr. Simon Houghton, 6. Mr. Samuel Woodbery, N. Longley, jun. Gent. Mr. William Woodbery, Brooifiild, Worcefter county—Francil Foxcroft, M. B, Bojlon, Suffolk county. Mr. Jofeph S. Hailing., Rev. I. Parker, Phyfi. 6. No. 2, Marlb. ftreet. Mr. Levi Townlend. Cbejier, Hampfhire county—Mr. Bazeiel Wright, Colrain, Hampfhire county. Mr. Jofeph Cluer, jun. Dr. Samuel Rofi. Coniuay, Hampfhire county.—Mr. Elijah Leonard. Greenfield, Hampfhire county. «, Mr. T. Dickman, printer. Mr. John Pitt, Hardvjick, Worcefter county. Capt. Edward Ruggles, Mrs. Elizabeth Stearns, Harvard, Worcefter county. Flint Davir, Gent. Dr. Ephraim Stone, Mr. Samuel Dudley, Mr. Cyrus Whitney, 6. Mr. Jabez Fairbanks, Mr, Ilaiah Whitney, jun. Mr.' MASSACHUSETTS. "35 Mr. Jacob Prieft, 6. Deac. Jofiah Willatd. Rev. George Robinfon, Hingham, Norfolk county.—Col. N. Rice. Hubbardjlon, Worcefter county.—Capt. Oliver Witt. Laneafler, Worcefter county. Deac. C. Faitbanki, Gent. Gan. John Whiting, 24, in Mr. Mofes Jonei, fheeti. , Leicejler, Worcefter county.—Mr. Benjamin Earle. Leominfter, Worcefter county. Mr Ebenezer Colburn, Mr, Jotham Johnfon, 18. Mr. William Divol, Leyden, Hampfhire county. Selah Chapin, Gent. Dr. Benjamin Morgan. Montague, Hampfhire county. Mr. Edward Ruggles, Dr. H. Wells, M. M. S. Si Ncidham, Norfolk county.—David Smith, jun. Gent. Northborougb, Worcefter county. Dr. Stephen Ball, Mr. William Morfe. Mr. Oliver Munroe, Northfield, Hampfhire county. Mr. Barnum Clark, Mr. Lemuel Prefton, Mr. William S. Lyman,* Mr. Elijah Straton. Dr. Medad Pom^roy, Orange, Hampfhire county.—Jofeph Metcalf, E'q. Paxto/i, Worcefter county.—Mr. Windfor Newton. Ptltrjham, Worcefier county. Col. Jofeph Brown, Col. Joel Doolittle, Dr. Jdremtah Dean, Hon. Col. Jona. Grout. Royahon, Worcefter county.—Mr. Levi Tburfton. Spencer, Worceftar county—Mr. D. Newhall, printer. Springfield, Hampfhire county. Lt. Ncb'e Or, Mr. James Leonard. Lt. George BUke, Taunton, Briftol county.—Rev. John Foftar. Templelon, Worcefter county.—Mr. Aholiab Sawyer, Warwick, Hampfhire county. Mr. Jonas Ball, Mr. Calvin Howard, Mr. John C. Ball, Mr. Jonas Morfe, Mr. Ebenezer Bmcraft, Rev. Caleb Rich, Capt. jDnathan Gale, Mr. Jacob Rich, John Goldfbury, E'q. Mr. Simoon Stearns,* Dr. A'a Hamenway, Mr. Banjamin Twcll. Dr. BstjjaminHazslton, 3, Wilbraham, 36 MASSACHUSETTS, &c. Wilbrabam, Hampfhire county.—Mr, Elifha Walden, Winchendon, Worcefter county.—Mr. A. Hafkell, 6. Worcefter, Worcefter county. Capt. Thomai Chandler, Mr. Auguftui B. Maynard, N, B. We are apprehenftve that a confiderable num- ber of Subfcribers' names have not been returned, and Ihall therefore endeavour to give them a place in a fut. ure edition. ERRATA. The Reader is requefted to correct the following typographical IR. kors with a pen,—viz. Page 7 line 24 forLaxations read Luxations. 9 4 Tranflations read Tranfactions. 12 16 Tranflation read Tranfaftion. 45 5 Flatulen read Flatulent. 5° 11 Obftrufifons read Obftruftions. 57 39 T is read This. 80 30 nfufion read Infufion. 88 >7 Leave read Leaves. 9« »7 Effential, read Effential oil. 116 20 Antiheftric read Antihyfleric. 124 8 mixed with, read mixed with water. 126 is Semery read Lemcry, »33 '4 FOO read FOOT. >35 21 Egg-fheets read Egg-fhells. >37 29 Encula read Enula. 208 "9 Syphiliica reid Syphilitica! N, B. The decoftion of (harp pointed dock roots internally given, and externally applied, is faid lo be an excellent remedy for the cure of open cancers. Perhaps a cataplafm of the roots and leaves may do fervice in the fame di forder. Note alfb—That it injures books to bind them neatly before they ha*e been printed near two years—therefore this work is bound in boards. RECOMMENDATION. W E have perufed the fubfequent pages, and think that the Amu. ican Herbai. will be of great utility to the Gentlemen of the Facul. t'y, and to the Community at large. . GEOR.GE SPARHAWK. ) ABRAHAM HOLLAND, £ Phyficians. ABEL DUNCAN. $ ' THJ THE American Herbal. A C A A B A N G A. THIS ii the fruit of a palm tree, called Ady, grow- ing in the ifland of St.Thomas in the Well Indies. Thr«« or four grains of the kernell are given twice or thrice in a day, by the inhabitants, ai a reftorative. Vid. Ady. ACACIA, BASTARD. Pfeudo Acacia. 2. It is cultivated in the gardens of the curioui, but not ufed in medicine. A C A J A. Prunus Brafilitnfis. A tree growing in B.-afil. It is large, producei yel. low plumbs, with a large ftonein them. The leaves are acrid and aftringent ; they make a- greeable fauce for meal, and the buds and topi are ufed in pickles, A C A J A I B A. Cajou, r-r Cafju tree, called alfo Cajotis and Cat urn. Thii tree ii a native of Brafil, but grows alio in the Weft-India iflands ; and producei the Cafhew nut. The raw fruit excoriates the mouth ; but the ripe, when roafted, is as agreeable as an almond,—The raw fhould be cut open, dipped in water, and fprinklcd with fait before it is ufed. The acrid oil in the fhell deftroyi tetters, ring-worms D the §8 A G A the Guinea worm, Sec. Painteri ufe it to make theit black colouring durable. When the tree is wounded, it yieldi a gum, which refemblei gum Arabic. ADDER'i TONGUE. , Ophioghjfum. It grows in meadows and low groundi, and the leaf has been (uppoled to refemble the tongue of a ferpent, whence the name. The frefh juice hai been ufed internally for bruifei, wounds, &c. and an ointment made of the leaves with lard or frefh butter, for the fame diforders. But it il not much employed in the prefent praftice. AD Y. This is a palm tree growing in the ifland of St Thom- as. It affords a plenty of juice that ferments into wine. The fruit is called by the Portuguefe, Caryoces, and Cari' cjft ; and by the natives, Abanga, which fee. The ker- nel of the ftone of the fruit, being heated in hot water, yieldi an oil of a faffron colour, which concretes in the cold, and ii ufed as butter. AGARIC, MALE. Agaricus Mas. Tt is a fungus growing on old larch trea$. It il a flow cathartic, which alwayi produces a naufea, fre- quently a vomiting, and foraetimes a violent pain in the bowelf. Iti watery extraft feems to be the beft prepar- ation, in which fixed alkaline fait hai been diffolved, but it il not a fafe purge. AGARIC, FEMALE. Or, Agaric of the oak, called, from iti being eafily in. flammable, touch-wood orfpunk. Agaricus Chirurgorium. Iti form refemblei in fome meafure that of a hoife'l hoof. It hai been employed at a fiyptic, but has no fuch power; A L D 89 power ; it only a£h as dry lint, fpunge, or other foft fun- gous (ubftances. AGRIMONY. Agrinionia. It grows wild in hedges, and in the margins of fields, and is laid to be moderately corroborant. The virtues refide principally in the leaves and topi before the flowers are formed. They afford a good cou* ferve. This plant hai been efteemed good in fcurvies, ha- bitual diarrhoeas, and laxitiei of the inteftinos, and alio dyfenteric affections, aa it ftrengthens the tone of the vifesra. However, it is not much ufed in the prefent prattice. The Indiani ufe an infufion of the rooti in inflamma- tory feven with great fuccefs. An infufion of fix ounces of the roots in a quart of boiling water, fweetened with honey, it called an ex- cellent remedy for the jaundice, if taken three timas in a day after proper evacuations.. It is alfo good in the dyfentory. The herb has been applied externally in frefh woundt. The expreffed juice is likewife beneficial in the pre- ceding complaints : and the dried leaves for an incon- tinency of urine. Dojes, of the infufion, half a pint thrice in a day ; of the juice, four ounces; of the leaves in powder, a drachm, or mere. A tea mad* of Sweet Agrimony is good in fevers. ALDER, BLACK. Alnus nigrut.—B. Black Alder. The inner bark of the Black Alder ii faid to be emetic and cathartic : and the berriei purgative. The inner bark alone produces griping paini, vomit- ing and purging ; but being joined with aromatics, operatei more mildly. The berriei are alfo purgative ;. and have been lubftituted in the Englifh Ihops, for thofe of buck thorn. 'Fkadsfi of the inner bark is a drachm. ALD.ERj. 40 ALU ALDER, C O M M O N. Alnus Communis. Every part of the Common Alder is an aftringentj and the bark it the moft lo. ALDER, SPECKLED. Alnus maculata. The bark hai been efteemed good for the defttuftion of wormt, for which a tea fpoonful of the powder, in moiaflei, may be given once in a day, ALLHEAL," OF CANADA. Htrbatum Caiiadenjium. This plant ii found in Canada, where it is more ufed in cookery, than in medicine. ALLSPICE, P'imen/o, -vel Myrtus Pimenta. It is the fruit of a large tree growing fpontaneoufly in the mountainous parts of the ifland of Jamaica, It i: a ftimulant. AlL/pice is often lubftituted for black and white pep- per. The diftilled water, drawn by proof fpirit, has been ufedinfteadof the aromatic and admirable wate r ,of the old difpenfatories ; and the effential oil for theoilof cloves, and it is but little inferior to the oil of nutmegl > but Pimento is principally employed as a fpice. ALMONDS, BITTER. . Amygdala Amara. The bitter Almond tree, is faid to produce bitter al- monds whilft it grows wild, but fweet by culture. They grow in the warmer climates, and 1 have feen fome of the trees on Long-1 Hand in the State of New-York. Bitter Almonds in fubftance are poifonous to dogs, cats, foxes, and fome other animals; and their diftilled oil and water, if ftrong, will have the fame effe£Jt. Theft Almonds taken freely by the human fpecies, ex- Cite A L O 4< cite fickhefi and vomiting, although the exprefled oil il harmlefs, having fimilar virtues to that of Szoett Al- monds, which fee.—But emulflons of Bitter Almonds mult be dangerous. ALMONDS, SWEET. ' Amygdala dulcis. The kernels of Sweet Almonds yield by expreflion near half of their weight of oil ; and the Bitter yield about the fame quantity. Siueet Almonds ire frequently eaten raw in Great Brit- ain, and elfewhere ; being emollient, demulcent, &c. The oil of the Bitter and Sweet is efteemed expeftor* ant, emollient, demulcent and relaxing ; and good in tickling cough?, coftivenefs, tenelmui, heat of urine, paini and inflammations. Externally, it helpi tenfions, and rigiditiei ; alfodeafnefs if dropped into the ear?, for which purpofe the Bitter has been efteemed befl by fome. Some eat fix or eight Sweet Almonds, when afflifted with the heart burn, and find relief. ALOES BARBADOES. Aloe Barbedtnfts. 7. Thii kind il called Hepatic Aloes. The befl are brought ■, from Barbadoes, in largo gourd ihellt, an inferior , and purified fait, are antifpafmod- ic. The fait is alfo a cooling diuretic. The fpirituous tincture and bal'am are medicines of great efficacy in hyftencal complaintt, cachexies, the ffuor albut, fome rheumatic pains, debilities and re- laxations in general. The re&tfitd oil, and purified fait are alfo powerful medicinet. Dofes. Of Amber, in fine powder, a drachm. Of the tincture, from ten dropt to a tea fpoonful, in wine. Of the oil, from five to twenty drops. Of the fait, from five to fifteen grains.. Amber is belt in a liquid form, AMBERGRIS. Ambragrifea. This is a bitumfnous fubftance, found in Florida, and: in other parts of the world. It is cordial and nervine, being a very agreeable perfume ; which was formerly fuppofed to be highly beneficial in diforders of the head, and in nervout complaints, &c. but it ii now but very little employed in the pie'ent practice ; though it flandi recommended as an article which deferves further trials. The dofe is from thrsegrarm to a fctuplo, in a glafi of (pirituous rcfe water. AMETHYST. AmtlbyftvSt It is aprcciovu ftone feund in Florid?, and in fome othar- 4ft A N G other parti of America. It was fo called from a luppo- fition that it prevented drunkennefs. It it tranfparent and bright, but different ftonei have different colours, at fome are white, others purple, oth. ers of a pale red or blue, and othert again of a deep vi- olat hue. They are not ufed in medicine, in the pref. ent time. AN D A. A tree growing in Brafil. The fruit taftes l>ke a chefnut, and ii purgative : two or three kernels are a dofe. The rind of thofe kernel* it aftringent.. A N D I R A. Angelyn, et Arbor Nucifera. A tree in Brafil, whofe wood it proper for building. The fruit ii a yellow kernel ; it it bitter and aftrin- gent, and if taken inwardly, deftroys worms. A fcru- pie ii a dole. A N D 1 R A. And Audita acu,or andira guacu, are names for a large' kind of Bat, nearly of the fiza of a pigeon, they are met with in Urafil, and are called by fome horned bats, be- caufe of a pliant excrefcenco above the beak. They perfecute all !ot/tl of animals, and fuck their blood: they alfo get into the beds of the human fpecie* and fuck their blood.. ANGELICA. Angelica, vcl Arch- Angelica. 8. It il cultivated in gardens. It is called carminative, difcutient, and fialagogue. It expels wind, the frefh roots difcufs inflammatory tumours ; and the herb itlclf, applied externally, excites fpitting. The young fhoots preferved with fugar make an agreeable fweet meat.—The feedf expel wind. A diftilled water is drawn from the feeds. Dofes, of the feeds, from half a drachm to two drachms. Of the dif- iilled. water, a ftnall glafs, ANGELICA ANN 45 ANGELICA OF CANADA. Angelica Canaienjts Trifolium. It ii a fpecies of myrrhit. I think I have not foetid a defcription of thii plant, nor of its virtues. ANGELICA, WILD, THE GREATER. Angelica Sy/oeftris M.ijir. It hai the virtues of garden Ang-lica, only it is rathex weaker, ANGELICA TREE. Araiia, 4 or 5. The berry bearing Ange/ki, or Angelica tree. One of the fpeciec gio •• n Canada, and it there called farlaparilla, becaule iti roots and vtrtuei are like it. Vid, Sarfaparilla. A N I M E. Rejint cturbaril. 5. It ii a tranfparent amber coloured refin, exuding from the trunk of a iarge tree growing in Brafil, and New. Spain. The gum copal ii fold for Anime. It ii efteemed diuretic. Both Anime, and gum copal, have been ufed in fumi- gations, for pains proceeding from cold, and in linimenti and plaiftert for paralytic complaints, cold flatulent af- fections of tho head, nerves and joints, contraftioni and contufiom ; and alfo in perfumes. In Brafil they give Anime, to promote urine, &c. Th« dole ii a fcruple. Vid. Courbard. ANISE SEEDS. Semen Anifum. The plant that producei thofe feedl il cultivated in the garden! fituated in the warmer climates, but it doei not come to maturity in the colder regions. Anifeeis are carminative, raodeiately anodyne, dia- phorctic, 4« A P P phoretic, diuretic, anddifcutient; being one of the four greater hot feeds. They exDel wind, eafe pain, promote inferfible perf- piration, difcu's tumourt, and warm the habit. They are good in flatulan cholict, pain* and obftructioni of the bread, weaknefs of the ftomach, indigeftion, diarrhoeas, gripes in childten, and for ltrengthening the tone of the vifcera and intefLnei. The effsntial oil is beneficial in diforderi of the bread, but left effectual in the cholic, and in flatulence! than tt.a feeds in lubflaore. The watery infulion of the feedt, abates thii ft id. drupfies, and checks a diarrhoea. The fumes received into the nolli lis eafe the head-ache, in fome inflances ; they promote an appetite, and check a hi cot.gh, when wind and a coldnel* of the ftomach it the cauie. Dofe of the leedi in powder, ii from a Ictuple to a, dracbm in fujar. Of the eflential oil, from two to twenty dropi on fu« ANTS. Formica. 4. Ants contain an acid juiee, which they fhed in fmall dropi on being irritated ; and this acid ii luppofed to produce that uneafy feniation we feel when we imagine they have flung us. Their eggs are Itrongly diuretic and carminative, good to promote urine and expel wind. A decoCtion of a fpoonful of them in butter-milk, hai been taken every morning in dropfiat. It learns that the medical qualities of this infect and iti remarkable uroduttiont, are not. fully known. A P I N E U—riJ. rabacani. APPLE. Pomurn. Apples are cooling, thofe of an acid kind are fome- whatiaxative : ihe auftere have rather a contrary effect* Ripe Apples ate a very wholefome fruit, good in fe. vert, fcurviei, and many other diforderi, whether eat- en APP 47 on raw, roafled, baked, or boi'.ed. Apple water, is very (alutaiy in inflammatory and febrile complaints. A poultice of roafted app'es has been employed in inflammations of the eyes : and one made with rotten /■wtet apples, eafei paint. The expreffed juice of apple* producei cider, vid. cider. APPLE, CRAB. Or crab apple. Pyrut coronaria. Called alfo malus fyheftris, the crab tree, or crab Ap- ple. There apples are too four to be eaten. Their juice is called verjuice, or green juice. It ia often ufed as vine- gar, and called Agre/la. It il cooling and aftringent, good in gargarifmt, but in moft inftancei, its ufefulneli both at food and phyfic it fimiiar to that of vinegar, which fee. A P P L E-P E R U. Datura Slrammonium. Called alfo thorn apple. It it a plant that growl about three feet high t being a native of America, and may be found in many placet of New-England. Some (ay the leavet are cooling, and the feeds nar- cotic. They are poifonout to the human fpeciei, ai well as other parts of the plant. When the feeds or any other part of thii plant have been fwallowed, give an emetic immediately, and repeat it at occafton may require, for fome of the feed* are apt to ftick in the ftomach after the fi ft vomiting is o- ver. The oil of olivet, frefh butter, or other oily fub- ftances ought to be given freely to prevent the ill effeEli ofthepoifon. After the puking ii over purgative! are recommended. But although thii plant is poifonous, yet an extract: of the ju:cs has been high'j^extolled by Dr. Stccri of Vienna, for convulfiom, the epilejjfy, and madnefi '. and it hai been ufed with furprifing fuccefs, by other praftitioners, in maniacal cafes. Some have ufed a poul- tice 48 APR tice of the leavai in external inflammations ; and alfo an ointment of the fame to give eafe in inflammatory cafei, and in the piles, and alfo n burns. This plant n an article which tneritl fuither trials in fome rdiforders deemed incurable by other remedies; and it has been fuppoled, that a powder of the leaveiand feeds, would be a more certain or convenient formu- la, than the inipiffated juice. The dole of the extract it from one grain to ten, two or three times in a day. A P P L E-T REE. Arbor malus. Called alfo malus Horlen/ts, and malus fativa. There are a great variety of trees of this kind ; and they may be improved by cu'tivation. When people fettle upon new lands they ought to plant and fet out orchards of the bell kim!> of trees as foon as poffible,"' that themfelve* and families may be furnifhed with ap- ples and cider as foon as poffible. And the fame may be ("aid concerning the railing ot pear, peach, plumb, and cherry tree?, currants, &c. As to the apple-tree, it has no medical virtue, that I know of, except what refines in the fruit. Vid. Apples. A P R I C O T-T R E E. Arbor Arminiaca, the tree. Armeniaca Mala, the fruit. Called alio Pratcocia, Perfea, Perfea-Pracox. The Lit- ins called it Pracoqua ; the Greeks Bericocca, aad till French Abricots. The Apricot, or Apricock tree. The fruit is very delicious; but it is eaten more for pleafure than for health. A fine Ipirituous liquor called Ratifia, is made of the kernels of the ftones. It is prepared two nays, as i. By boiling Apricots in white wine, adding to the liq- uor an equal quantity of brandy with fugar, cinnamon, mace, and the kernels of Aprictti ; infufing tne whole for eight or ten day.', (training the liquor, and putting it up for uf# : or by cutting the fruit in pieces, infufing it a day or two in brandy, (training, and then adding the above ingredients. 2. Ratifia A R S 45 s. Ral'fiah alfa.f»repared by bruiting cherrle.', and put- ting them into a vcffel wherein brandy has been kept a long time ; then adding the kernels of cherrier, with itraw- berriel, fugar, cinnamon, white pepper, nutrcegs, clove.-, and to twenty pounds of cherries, ten quarts of brandy. The vtffel is leftopsn ten or twelve days, and then flop- ped dofe for t*ornjnth» before it is tapped. - AR ACA.M IRI. A fhrubin Brafil. It bears fruit in March and Sep- tember, Aiiich taftes like a mixture of taufk and (haw- berrie?, and tfhen candied, or made into marmalada, is cooling and moderately i.:; igent. Th; haves and buds have the fame qualities, and tne root is diuretic and an- tidyfentcric. ARARA FRUCTUS SECUNDUS AMERICANUS. Or Arara American frcir, the fecund fpecies. It grows in Cayanca, where it is bruifed, and applied te ulcers. ARNOTTO TREE. Orleana. This is a curious flirub, growing about nine feet h'gh in Jamaica, and fome other parts of America. All the feeds of this plant are covered with a kind of wax, which is called terra orleana, roucou and arnotto. This wax is a cooling, and an agreeabio cordial.__The root! have much the fame property, only they are more diuretic. The Indians and Spaniards, mix it with their r'^co. late, to raifethe flavour and colour. It ii t(l;enc: good in the dyfentery.—It is ufed ai pigment; often raxed with other ingredients bdth by painteri and djcrs. The rooti promote urine. A R S M A R T, BITING, Biting-Atfmart. Vid. Pepper, Water. E ARTICHOKE, $o A S II ARTICHOKE. Cinara. Thii plant ii cultivated in gardeni for culinary ufei. 'ihsjuce ii a powerful diuretic; a mild purgative atienuant, and antalkaline. The cxpreffed juice with an equal quantity of white wine, powerfully promotel urine, and is good in the jauncTce and droply. An infufion of the leave! il al. fo good for the lame d:forders. The leaves and ftalkl have been ufed in diuretic decoctions. The juice open! obitruttfons, promotes urine ; and taken in large dofet, proves purgative. It alfo correctl ■aTikalefcent fubftancei in the firft paffagei. The heads have the fame virtue. The Englifh eat only the heads, but the Germani and French, eat the young flalkt boiled. Dofes, two or three Ipoonfuls of the juice when mixed with an tqaal quantity of white wine, may be taken morning and evening. Larger dofes purge. ASBESTOS. Ahttnen pulmofum. This is nothing but a name given by the Ancirntl la alum, when il fhcots into fibroin cfllorences whilft in l jnincral ftate. Vid. Al«m. ASH, BLACK. Fraxinus nigrus. 6. Black-Afh, If it has any virtue, it it unknown. ASH, MOUNTAIN. Fraxinus montane. Moiintain-Ath. Iti virtue is urknown. ASH, P R I C K L E Y. Fraxir.t.s fpinefus. Prickly-Afh. Trrs ?s a final! kind of a tree, growing from ten to ullim feet high in divert parts of .America, particular- ASH 5J ly inMilford in Connecticut ; and upon Long-Iflind, in the Sia.eof New-Yoik. Thii fhrub ii covered with ihort prickly thorns, whence the name. The bask is ftimulant. An ounce of this bark, pulverized, and digefted in a pint of brandy, has been called a good remedy for the rbiumatifm, and for the intermitting fever and agua. Captain Carver inform , that the Indians efteemed a decoCtion of the bark of the root, beneficial for impu- rities of the blood; and that it cured a gonorrrui virulenta, in a few days. Some have taken a (mall glafsof the above tinCture twice in a day ; but the u !a isemi to be large. ASH, RED. Fraxinus rubrus. Red-Afh. O jt of the timber of this tree, b;.(k*ls and brooms are made : but it is not ufed in medicos. ASH, WHITE. Fraxinus albus. Waite-Afb. The bark is calkd afttingent and fudorific, fome fay ftyptic. The extraCt, refolvent and diuretic. Tne feed;, aperienr, diuretic, and aphrodifiac. Both the inner bark, and its wateiy extract has been (>iven in intermitting fevers, and often with luccel;.— It promotes fv/ta? and urine ; but ha3 foii^'imei been afiifted by fixt a kaline falls, lt has /fo been ufed in peftilentiai cafes.—Some have employed it to Hop bleed. ing, but its flyptic power is not very great. The bar!^ of the root ha& been given as an tmet.c, and applied bruifed.as a ftyptic.—Thefeedi open obftruClionr, pro- mote urine, leduca corpulency, and txc't; venery. A Mrs. Lomis, in Conr.cCt cur, informed me, that an Indian cured a cancer, by the internal and cxtt. nal ufe of thejuieeof wbiu-ajh, that iffued out >.l the ends of the wood, as it wi: burning. Doft 5* AVE Dc/e Of the Baik is a dr;chm or more. ----Of the leeds, the fame quantity. -^—Ofthe extract, rather fmaller doles. ----Of the diftdlcd water of the bark, two 1; ocnfalf. ASH, Y ii. L L O W. Fraxitiu:f.-vi:-. Yellow-Alh. This tree grows to an ar.wzin;; be'ght near l'■• head ol the branches of the r m M flifipp'. Caputn Cmver relate-, that it? outlide '^ rk is near c' A,t inches tnick, but its uudtcal -owe; s ato unknown. ASPARAGUS, Vid, Sparioiv-Grcfs. A S P H A L T U M. Ajf.c.:,ns. A fpscies of Bitumen. Vid. Bitumen. ASS, ASINUS. Afs, Afmus. The milk ijs good in confumptions. Vid tr.dk, A V A R A M O T E M O. A iiliqiio'e tree in Brafil, The b'jik tnd leaves are aftringant. A decoCt on of the bark has been extolled in drying up ulcers, and il faid to have cu c j cancer:. A V E N S. Gtum uri, >::<■/:. The herb Beni'. It is nlfs called Caryopl.yllata, hecaufeits fmeil ref«rn- !;les th-ii tf ciove July fiovners. Tt.s root is a gentle ft pic, corroborant and ltomachic 1; grows in New- Lr-rf .ft.'. It i.r. nr~thf r,r the tone of the vifcera, and helps debilities of tie fy!-ni in general. Dr. Cutler inlorn.s, that the rcot infofed in tv!.-,,-, is a g'od ttamscbir.—That if it is gathered before thj llir.s grow up, and put into ale, it gives a pleifant flavour to the liquor, and prevents its growing four. Same 8 A L sa Some drink an infufion of the root in powder, inllead of boliea tea, A V E N S, WATER. Water-Aven*. Geum Rivale. Ft Caryopbylleta Aquatica. Jt ii a!fo called throat wort. It ii laid, that the Indians ufe it in South Ametica, in thecuie of intermittent* with fuccefi, and ellaera it e- qual loth* Cort. Peru, and that in a Canadians em ^icy tiie powder of the root for the fame purpo:f. The root is a powerful aftringent. Its decoCtion makes an excellent gargle for a fore mouth ; and at a di ink, it proves highly beneficial in in- flamed and ulcerated fore throati and cankeri : It fhould be made weak for internal ule. A V I L A. Pomum Avilaiium. It is a fpeciei of an apple produced in India ; iti larger than an orange, round, and of a yellow colour. It growl in South America, on a Ihrub or creeping plant, which adheres to the adjacent treet. This apple con- taint eight or ten nuts, in which ara bittet kerne.i. Wo have no account of its medical powers. BALM. Melijfa, 7. It ii alfo called Baum. Thii herb ii well known in the New Englani fta'.ei, and ellewhere. It ii one of the weaker corroborants. Dr. Wallis calls it an emollient. Strong infufions of the herb, drank at a tea, and con- tinued for fome time, have done Iervice in a weak, lax ftate of the vifcera : thele liquori acidulated with lemon juice, turn 10 a fine reddifh colour, and prove ufeful, and to many a very grateful drink in dry parching feverr. And infufiom acidulated w th the cream of tartar, are al- io eftcemed good in the fame difotdcrs, £ 2 Dr, 54 B A L Dr. Motherly recommends cold infufions in wsKer or fpirit at the belt preparations of this plant. BALM, CANARY. Canary Balm. Melijfa Turcica. Called alfo Melifia Americana, American Baum, Mol. da. tea, Turkey, or rather Canary Baum, and Bairn of G :l:ad. It is a native of the Canary iClinds, and fcarcely bears tho cold of the northern climatei without fhelter. It is a corroborant. Infufiom frequently drank, ftiengthen the ftomach, and nervous fyftem. BALSAM OF COPAIVA. Balfamum Copa-va. It is a liquid refinout juice, obtained from a large tree of tie fams name in Brazil. Thii Balfam is ftimulant, expectorant, diuretic, deter. gt:it, irritating, purgative, corroborant, and vulnerary* It ftimulatei the fyft- matic complaint*, and cold diforders. Their paws faltf it F an i 6> B E A and fmoked, and even their flefh, has been much ef- teemed at food. Bears, as I have been informed, go into deni amongd the rocks of the mountains on the approach of winter, where they continue without food tilt warm weather, -only they fuck their claws. BEARS'* EAR SANICLE. Cor tufa Gmeltni. This plant is.found in fome parti of North America J but I have not been favoured with a defcriptioa of thii vegetable. B E A R's FOOT. Heleborafter, helleborus fastidus. Stinking hellebore it found in fome parts of North America, the ftalk growl two or three feet high. The leavei are called anthelmintic, and a violent ca- thartic. A fyrup, made by moiftening the frefh leavei and herb with vinegar, preffing out their juice, and adding brown fugar, is efteemed good for the expulfion of lumbrici. But it in a dangerous medicine, which had better be o- knitted, bscaule in fome inftances it has proved fatal, when improperly adminiflorcd. The dofa of the fyrup for children under fix yean of agr, and above two, hat been a tea fpoonful, morning and evening, for two cr three days. DEAR'S GRAPE WHORTLEBERRY. Arbutu; itva urfi. Vid. Bear's Whortleberry. BEAR'i WHORTLEBERRY. Arbutus u va urfa. This fhrub according to Linnaeus, is a fpaciet of arlulus cr the ftiavberry-trce. It is found in North America. Tne leaves a'c lithontriptic, and aftr ngenr. It is called good in calculous complaints, and other dif- orders of the urinary organs, as in ulceration*, dyfury, strangury, B E C 63 Arangury, mucout, puruldm, and bloody urine. Alfo in dyfpaptic affeiiioni, catatrh, and diabates. From one to two drachms of the leaves may ba boiled in a pint and an half of water to a pint, or a fimple in- fufion only may be dtank, but it is lets efiicac ou< 'han the decoCtion. A ley made of the a that, itfaid to diffolva the [tone in the kidneys, uieters, and bladder. But it mult not be taken in a fit of the gravel, nor till the pain it over. A light Hiet is to be obferved, and vinegar, pepper, and fermented liquors avoided. Dofe, of the leaves in powder, from 15 to 40 grain?, thrice in a day. Of the infufion or decoCtion from 6 to S ounces, three timet in a day. Of the infufion in wine and water, a fmall g'afs, twice in a day. Of the ley, from 10 to 50 drops, in half a pint of veal broth, twice in a day. BEAVER. Caftor Fiber. This is a fourfooted, amphibioul animal, found in di- vert parti of North America. The inguinal glands, which are of different fhapetand fizet, being taken out and dried, produce what we call caftor; and may bejuftly termed cajloreum Americanum. Tho fur of this animal is of great utility in the making of hati &c. For the virtuet of caftor, Vid. Caftor. BEAVER TREE. The glauca, or fmall; Magnolia. It feldom growl further north than P.ennfylvan;a and the Jerfeyt. The red berries (Teeped in rum or brindy, cure coughs, confumptions, and other diforders of the bread. - The bark in decoCtion or in brandr, is gcod for inter- nal heat, pain and diforders of the chtlt, ar.c ii aifofup- pofed to be ufeful in the dyfentcry. A decoCtion of the branches cures recent colds. BECUIBA NUT-TREE. It is a,nut tree growing in Brafil. The cutis abent t4 BEE the fize of a BDtmeg, of a brownifh coloar, with an oily kernel, in i vv'Sodv, brittle hu.t. A balfam is drawn from it, which is efteemed good in rkcumitifair. '' BEECH TREE. Fagus. It it a large tret growing in many parti of America. The fuit agrees in virtue wiih chefnuts. The expreff- ed oil of the nuis is called anthelmintic. T he dried leaves diffi:ative. Tr,e nil deltroys worm:. Same poor people in SileCs, ufe it ioflead cf butter. The dried leaves diy op ulcers in the legs. Ciptain Carver informs, that a dacoflien of the leaves cures burns and fcald' ;■ and nrtlorea members to their ac- tivity t' at have beenicjoicd by froft. Dofe, of the rxpreflcd oil a> the nut', is an ounce, motr*. ing ar.d cv^ni g, in-fugar if molt agieeable. B E E F-TE A. Tbea Bo-viVa. B>\\ in a quirt of water over a br'fk (ire, from five to tAsnty minutes, one pound of -lean bref (leaks, cut thin] (cum the liquor, and decant it for ufe. In fume cafes the boiling may continue buf five minutes, but if the liquor fhould be very nutritious boil it twenty-. T.iis is very ufeful in fevers and many other complaints, when a low or light diet is neceffary. BEES WAX, WHITE AND YELLOW. Cera alba, et ceraftava. White bees-ivax is prepared by cutting the yellow kind into thin fkkes, and expofing it for a ccnGderable time to the air ; and when it is fufficiently bleached, it is melted ai?d caft into cakes. It is emollient and vulnerary. If it is nvxed with oily fubtlanccs, and given internal- ly, it is good in diarrlceas and d>f«.iteries. But its chief u:e is in cerate.', plafters, and unguents, for promoting fuppu.-ation, and healing wounds and ulcers. The BEE cj- Tho yelloie wax ii a folid concrete, obtained from honey combi after the honey ii got out, by heating and preffing tham between iron plates. fellow wax ii emollient and vulnerary. The erapyreu- matio oil ii efteemed highly emollient and diuretic. Thii max it principally employed in cerates, plafteri, unguentt, and other external applications, to give them a due confidence, and a foftening quality. In dyarrhceas and dyfenteriet, it oblundi acrimony,. fuppltei the mucus of the bowels, and heals excoria- tions. The empyreumatic oil il good in healing chaps, and roughnefi of the fkin ; and difcufling chilblains, with the affillance of proper fomentation! and exercife. It ii al- fo good in contractions of the tendons, and ftiffnefs of (hejoints. It powerfully promote! urmt. The aoft of thii oil, is from two to four dropi, or more,- in fugar. BEER. Cerivifia. Common male beer il made of water, malt and hops. Porter and ale ii alfo made of the (ame ingredients.--- There are likewife other kinds of beer, as pumj kmbeii; bran beer, fpruce beer, Sic. Milt liquors, when good, are called nourifhing and ftrengthentog, but when they have grown four, they are apt to produce a dyfury, or a gonorrhoea ; to icmedy which, give a little brandy. When mail liquors htv a become tart, they fhould be drawn off, as they arc ufed. intoa jug, and to every pint of the liquor, a drachm of powdered chalk ought to be added, which railes a now ferment, and deftroyi the acidity. Ale (otnotimei producei flatulences, cholic, and tl e cholera morbui ; but not caicarcous difea'es, as has been affarted. A condant ufe of ale, keeps up a con- stant feyer, and ii therefore injurious. Porter agree! with fome conftitutions, but not with others; and the fame may be faid of other malt i quo t. It cured a young woman in Connecticut of the palp t:- tion of tha heart when other remedies woio tried in «"'• BET Struct beer il a very wholefome liquor, which ii fame- what purgative, and very beneficial in fcoibutic com- plaint'. Different, kinds of beer, ale, &c. aie often pie. pared according to the pir.itriptions of the phyfician.', all of which, as well as pumpkin and bran beer, partake of tha Virtu, s of the ingredients put into fuch liquori. BEET, COMMON. Beta Vulgaris. Common bats are raifed in our garden?, principally for culinaiy ules. The common includes both the red and the white. Beets arc emollient, errhine, moderately cathartic, at- tenuant, and antalkalino. Their decoCtion gently loofenri hut when the'r juice is boiled ouf, they have aeon- traiy effcCl. They are hard to digeft, and afford but liS tie nourifhment. Some call them injurious to the (torn. zcb. Their cxpreffed juice, or that of the leaves inuffed up tha nofe, promotes a copious difcharge of mucus, v. ithout exciting (nerzing.—The leaves draw out hu-' niours when they have been driven in. B E N - N U T. , Cuilandine Moringa. This nut is tfi6 product of a middling fized tree, grow- ing in South America. 1: ii (aid to be the tree that, y elds the L:gnum Nephriticum. The kernels of thefe nuts produce vomiting and purg. ing.—The exprcffed oil keeps a long time without growing rancid, and is u.'ed in perfumer. There is another fpecies of thefe nuts, which are much larger than the former. It purges violently upwards and downwad:'. BE NT- GRASS. Agre/lis Jnterrupta, B E T O N Y, HEAD. Head-Betony. Caput Betonica. '. arowi p'entifully in many parli of New Eng'.irH. An B I H 67 An infufion of tho head• it fuppofed to be good for the head ache. B E T O N Y, WOOD. Wood-Betony. Betonice. Wood Betony is found in woody fhady placet. The leaves and (lowers are mili corroborant!, Tha leaves are called errhine. The roots vomit and purge. An infufion or light decoCtion of the leaves drank ai a tea, or a faturated tinCture of them in rectified fpirir, is efteemed good in 1-xi y and debility of tha vifcera and tho diforders from thence arifing. The powder of tho leaves excites (neez'ng. by reafon of the rough haira which covert them.—The juico hai the virtual of tho leaves.—The roots are violently emetic and cathartic — Betony affaCts thole who gather it, with a diforder refern- bling drunkenefs.—Some (mi ke the leaves like tobacco. Water extracts all its virtues; therefore, an infufion ii the bed preparation. Dofes, infuie a handful of tho leaves in a quart of boiling water, and drink it ai tea. Dofe, cf the juice it two ounce:. BEZOAR, WESTERN. Weftern-Bezoar. 5, Bezoar Occidentalis. Thii it a done found in the body of an animal of the flag kind in Peru, and in the Spanifh Wed Indies, It is from the fize of a walnut, to that of a hen's egg, or more. One is alfo found in the Porcupine. Bezjar, which is called a weak ablorbcnt, proves quitainaCtive in the ftomicb, ur.lefs joined withan acid, The Dofe is from 10 grains to a drachm. B I H A I. 2. A name for a plant whofe flower it like a lily. T,;ey are r,ot ukd in med:cine, BIND 08 SIR S1ND-WBED. Convolvulus, 32. All Bind Weeds abound with a milky juice, which ii drongly cathartic and cauftic. The fmall bind weed ii anthelmintic. They purge of! feroui bilioui humours of an acrid natuie. A decoCtion bas been ufed by the women to purge off the bilo, and prevent abortion.— The roots arc purgative. An .Indian daubed himlolf with the juice of the greater bind-weed and handled a rattle fnake without injury. The lcffar bindweed de- ft roy s worms. Via. Sea Colewort. BIRCH, BLACK. Black-Birch. Betula Nigra, This ii a large tree found in many parts of America* The afhes of iti baik has been faid to help carious hones,' and foul ulcers, when mixed with elixir vitriol : it 11 cauftic if thus mixed. Some have uled the bark in bitters, and others have given it in decoCtion, in order to cure a fore mouth and throat. It feems to abound with oily or refinous matter,. at it eafily takes fire, and burns with a very bright flams: but its medical powers (eem to be not fully afcettained, Dr. Thomas Greerir of Providence,, in Rhode Ifland, informed me that a ftrong decoCtion of ihii baik, cured a putrid fern throat, and that it ii fuppoled to be good. in the pleurily. BIRCH, RE D; Red-Birch. Betula Rubra. It giows in tha United States; but iti medicinal prof ertici are unknown. BIRCH, WHITE, Whiie-Birch. Bttula Alba, This tice it found in m*ny parti of North America. Iti B I R 69 Iti juice ii called antifcorbutic, deobftruant, diuretic, and laxative; the leavei and baik refo'vent, detergent, and antilaotic. The ju'ce opens oblliuCt'ons, promotes uriny, keeps the bowels lax,and helps the ;cuivv. The leaves and bark, sppled externally, are (aid o refolvo hard turnouts, cleanle foul uiceis, and icfift (.utrefac- tion. The fumigation! of the bark have been employed for correcting contagious air. Dofe, from a pint to a quart of the juice hai been drank in a day. BIRCH, YE L LOW. Yellow-Birch. Betula Flava. Captain Carver found this tree near the head of tha brar.ces of tho river Miflidppi. It growl to a prodig- ious height, and iti bark is eight inchei thick. If it hai tny medicinal virtue, it is unknown. BISON. The Wild Ox, Bos Agriftris, It it about tho fiae of an ox, very fat in fummer, but too ftrong to be eaten. The fli.n and fur are ufed for va« rioui purpofes. B I S T O R T E. Vid. Snake-Weed. BIRTH-WORT. _ Ariftolochia. 4, It grows in gardens in fome places. Birtb roots have been called attenuant, deobftruant, and emmenagogic internally. Externally, difcutient, detergem, and antiieptic. They are heating, dimulant, and good to promote the fluid fecretiont id general. Tney open cbftruCtiont, and help the pttuitout gout. Outwatdly, in fomentations,they help ftubborn ulcers of tha 70 B I T the legt, dry up woundt, and cure cutaneoul diforden ; but the long binh-wortii bell for externa! applications. But all of them produce a lofs of appetite, weaknefi of the ftomach, and debit: ty of the fyftem in general, there- fore they are bui little ufed in praCiice. Doje, from a fcrupie to two dracrtms. Dr. Mctberby fay*, from five grains to one drachm. BITING ARSMART. Vid. Pepper, Water. BITTERSWEET. Amara Dulcis^ et Dulcamara. Sclanum dulcamara ; and woody night (hade. This growt in many parts of America, and is found running uoon bufhet and trees. ' The roots and (talks of this plant are called deobftru- ant, re(olvenr| difcutien', d uretic, fudorific, cathartic, emmenagogic, and antivenereal ; but their medical prd|» ertiet, however, are not fully afcertained. It opens obftiuCtiom, reloives and difcuffes tumou proves purgative, and promotes urine and fweat. A light decoCtion or infufion of tho ftalks hat been employed with fucceft in violent gouty and rheumatic. pains.—It is good in the jaundice, fcurvy, obftruCtioni of the menfet, and lues venerea ; and alfo in obftimte cutaneous difeafes of the hepatic kind. It may be taken in the fallowing formi : 1. An infufion of the twigt it recommended in inflim< Buttons, fevert, and the afthma. It ii a fafe medicine. A poultice made by boiling four handfulsof the leavei, with four ouncet of linfeed, in wine, or hog's lard, pow- erfully difcuffet hard tumoun in women'i breafti, or in other pattt. An ointment of the rooti is alfo good for the fame purpofe, and for the piles. After bleeding, and other evacuations, the following infufion does great fervice in promoting urine, and helpr ing the afthma, if the eating of thing! hard to digeft, and intemperance be avoided, viz. 2. To two ouncei cf the ftalkl biuifed in a marble mortar, udd a quart of boiling water ; cover tho veflel, let it ftand 12 hour.-, decant the liquor, and add a glall of white wine and a few lumps of fugar. ,. 0« B L A 7* 3. Or digeft four ouncet of the twigs in a quart of white wine. 4. Or tnfufa four ounces of the twigs in a quart of boiling water. The dofe of the firft infufion is half a jill or more. Of the (econd it .a jill or more, once >n fix hours. If tha patient cannot reft, give half a jill of wine. Of the third ii a jill or more. Of the fourth half a jill once in fix hours. Soma take an extract. BITTER W OOD. Picrania Amara. A tall, beautiful timber tree in Jamaica, every part of which is fo bitter, that no infect *ill dedroy it. Tho wood hai a great affinity to the quaffia amata ; it it an- lifeptic, but mud be given in fmaller dofet in putrid fe- vers. BITUMEN. Petroleum. Rock.OJ. It ii a liquid bitumen, or mineral oil, fpontaneoufly axuding from the earth, or from clefts of rocks. There are feveral kinds, a< the white, the yellow, and tha red. Thefe oili aro found in almofl all climates, but princi- pally in the warmer. The bed kind ofrockoilit the cleared : it :'i nerv- ine, ftimulant, and diuretic. Dr. Culkn lays it ii antt- fpafmodic. Internally it promote!urine, helpi the palfy, and con- traction! of the tendons. Externally it ii good in the rheumatifm, palfy, chil- blaint, fpraint, luxations, &c. But it it often adulter- ited. Dofe, ii from 10 to 15 drops, in wine, BLACK-BERRY. Bacca Nigra. Rubus Vulgaris, The common bramble or black berry bufh, Thefe berriei grow upon briari or bramblet, in hedgei and 7» ; B L A arid woods, and are cooling and antifcorbutic. Some eat them with nvlk. But they are not ufed in medicine at pro en'., but the berriei and leaves were formerly recom- mend rd in vomitings, dy(emeries, uterine, and nalal haemorrhages. B L ACKCHERRIES. Cera/us Nigrus. rThe tree that produces this kind of cherry, growi in orchards, paftures, *ood .an.is, &c. The bark fteeped in rum, wine, brandy, ir ever,, u laid to be good in tha jaundice. The fruit dig Jled in rum and waiei, -akes a very agreeable Iquor, which it much ufed in Ameiica, Il a dram. The cderry ftonei are laid lobe poifonoui whoa they are fieed from the other parti of the cherry. BLACK-HAW. Spina Nigra. BLACK-HENBANE. Hyojctamus Nigrus. Thii plant grows wild in rich, walls grounds. The common black-henbane it a powerful natcotic, fedative, and anodyne. Ce/fus employed it internally to eafe pain, and procure flsap ; and externally for mflammationt of the oye>, and for the tooth ache ; and it is no v ufed as a cataplafm to refolvo hard tumours, and to allay pain in cirrhous com- plaints, being uleful in cafes where opium cannot be gv- en with fafeiy, and an anodyne it requ lite. The cata- plafm may be made of the leaves, 01 a platter compoied of the oil and feeds, and the powder of the herb, with wax, turpentine and other articles; or an ointment may be prepared of the leavei, and hog's lard.—The powder of the leaves (prinkled upon an open ulcer, has a good eff^ft very frequently. An extraCt made of the exprefled juice is good in pal- pitatiom of the heart, melancr>olly, cougbi, fpafrsi, con- vulfions, madnefs, etvleofy, hyiterical complaints, and a var'ety of ne-vous aff-ftions. Alfo, in glan^uiar (well- ings, and obftinate ulcerations. It a'laye inordinate ac- tion, and mitigatci pain, whon opiates and c cute affect the B L E the* head'; ba< thii medicine produces no iuch le u-jii. , D-,i. of thoextiaft, from one grain to a fcrcplein 21 ftOUU. Of the feed?, from & graint to r r in a day and a nigh*. lt is belt to begin with fmall doles ; thofe accuitomed to the extract, may fomstimei take halt a drichni in a day.- BLACK 1, E A D. Plumbum Nigrum. It italfo called Ocbra Nigra, or Black Ochre. Thii ii a foflilo fubttance, which refeinbias Had ore. It vvai formerly ufed in medicine, and fuppoled to bo lr""" drying and repellent ; but it it now out of ufe tha; way : but if if much employed in drawing, and it the mak;ng of ccr..-.ii-. BLACK SNAKS ROOT. Radix AiatodothylLn Nigrum. It is alfo called duck'i fiot, orpomummaiile, Mjy Ap- rie. T>i: t r:^es aio unknown. ■BLACK SNAKE W L l. D. Afa run Virginianum. How much the virtues of thia plant vary from that foand in Europe, it onkr.ov/n to the Author; but irm European is called emetic, cathartic, Jiuretic, diapriorf- ic, em^anagogie, and errhine. !' is fuppoled to lo t^u ft'rong-:''- jf ail. thr- vegatablc errhuie; ; buttfu too'saie Itrongcf than the leave:. The do(o of the frclh root it a fcrupls, of the dry, a drachm, as an :r.;:tic and cai'iur- t:c BLESSED THISTLE. Carduus Benedidus. The buffed and holv 'nii'cl:. It is tmstic and (udorific,—The feeds dij; i> r:: ,anj ijdortfic. The decoCtion is ufed to c-tcite vomiting, an j a ftiong irirtit.,»n to promote tha 00- 4.ion of other emetics. A light inft'ii.n ha'ps n vvoaknafs of appatit?, and in- G ofgeiion. -'4 BLU digeft:on, artfing frdta vifcid phlegm or intemperance, Nor.e of the bitter medicines he:t (o little, or fet fo e»(y on the ftomsch ; and taken freely piomotes the natural iecretions. Diank warm in bed, it excites fweat with great m'ldnels, and is therefore beneficial in chronic and acute difeafes. An emulfion of the feeds excites infenfi- ble perfpiration, and produce fweat. Infule an ounco of the dne.i leavet two hours. Dofe, five or fix ounces, two or three timet in a day, O' the emulfion, three drachms of the feeds. Of the juice, three or four ounces. B LI TE. Bl.tUm. There are many fpecies of this plant; and the red and the white are the moft common ; thoir leaves refemble thofe of beet?. They are of but little value in medicine, BLOOD ROOT. Geranium Hrsmatiks. Radix Sanguinaria et Puccccn. Thii plant grows wild in the woods; and when the frefh root is brcken, it emits a juice that refembles blood, whence thenama. It may c- cultivated in gardens, but delights moft in rich (hady places. The root it like a fmall carrot. U is a powerful (timulant, and a violent emetic and ca- thaitic, which mud be uled with caution. Capt. Car-ver fays, it is a flror.g, and very dangerous emetic. The In. dians ufed it for p-;ntir.g themfelves, and highly efteemed its medicinal vir.uss. An infufion of it in ru.r., or bran- dy, is laid to make a good biiter : but it ought to ba mad; very weak. The medical powers of thii article are not ai yet fully afccrtair,ed. BLUE BERRY. Bacca Cteruleus, 'The berriei commonly grow upon low bufhes in paf- turs grounds and woody barren kind of placet; they are eaten B O L >5 eaten raw, and fometimea with milk, .by the country peo- ple : but are not ufed in medicine. BLUE BOTTLE. Cyanus, et XJter Car:de;:s. 22. That ufed in medicine is the great blue bottle, or centaurea cyanus of Linnaus. It is alio called Cer.taurium magnum. Great centaury, and rhaponticum vulgarc. It is fuppoled to be aperiant and corroborant ; like- wife, vulnerary, ltomachic and aflringent. it has been efteemed good in diarriceas, dvfenleries, fp'tting of blood, myfcnteric and u'erine obftruiliom, palpitation of the heart, and inflammation; of the eyet. BLUE FLAG. Iris Virginica. It is fuppofed to be the flayer de luce.. Vid, flower de luce. BLUE GRASS. Al'opicurus Genicultus. Vid. Grafs. B O C C O N I A. It is a plant in Jamaica, but has no medical virtue. BOG-EVERGREEN. Andromedia Calyculate. The medical viitues are not defcribed, if it has any, BOLE. Bolus. Boles are a friable earthy fubflance, uniting with wa- ter into a fmooth palte, adhering to the tongue, and dif- folving as it were in the mouth. There are different kinds of boles, but their medical qualities are nearly, ;f not exactly al^ke. They are not aflringent, but adhefive. They thicken the thin Iharp humouri in the fit ft paf- iagei, B R A f?(j«% and defand the folid* in foais maafur* from act*. many. They are good in alyino fluxes, if a purge is Uk- ■■•n cveiy now and then to prevent the Bole from adher- ing too much to the inteftinot. But they are but little u.'ad in tha prefent praCtice. The dofe is from 15 grains to a drachm, BORRAGE, Borrcpj. This is a very hairy rough plant, with wrinkled, black- ifli green leaver, growing wild in wafte grounds, and old walls. The lesvet arc cooling- .aad the flowers cordial. The exprclfed juice is good in inflammatory diforden., ""he: leaves are ulaful in the fame compUinti ; both tha flawiy. and the leavai win formerly put into wine, and] ..tank to remove faintneft. A cooferv.e has aifo beyn tnvir: of the floivert. '. I i"^ !-,■!--, this plant is but little u'oii in -the prefent' piiC-c , !iy icafon of its weakce';. BOT.RYS MEXICAN A. T'io Mexican tea ; called alfo botrys ambreftoiuti »«i-j i ; theirvwrteiy utrct- tionis U-keri int;. rally, and.ftppiicrf txtorr.ally as ^ lemt- cupiuo liath : t.u; parti being jfuitbad in »h.c ra«a« time V-tth U:«- 'T she boiled bsV«tEi, It is ai»* farii iiiW itir* white pat ■•:-.- h»-.7R trior.', it vthh fuccsi't, , ; B R A K E, BRA 77 BRAKE, HO G'f. Hog's-Brake. It appears to be the poly podium fllix feeminia of /i;.- naus. Female fern, brakes, or bracken. It ii vifcid, faponaceout, and diuretic. Some of the common people have boiled the roots in milk, and drank the liquor with advantage in the dyfon- tery. It promotes urine. BRAMBLE. Vid. Black Berry.. BRAN. Furfur. Bran partakes of the naure of the grain from which it is obtained, whether it be * heat, rye, oats, or barley. Some call them laxative, detergent, and emollient. A decoction of wheat bran, (weetened with fugar, ii good in a cough. Warm bathi with the addition of bran, remove often- five fordeifiom the (kin, if it it weli rubbed with it.—lt hat been ufed in cauplafmt ; for mak.ng (larch, and by dyeri in making their four waters. BRANDY. Spjriius Vinofus, or Spirits of Wine. Brandy is a fpirituous inflammable liquor, obtained from wine, and fome other liquors by diftillatioo. Wine brandy made in France, is efteemed the bed in Eu'rope, both for drinking and for medicinal purpofes. This kind of brandy, drank with moderation, well di- luted with water, ftreagthent the tone of the nervous fyftem, raifes the (piritt, and braces the fibres ; ii good in the gourmand a variety of other eomplaints 5 but drank to exceft, and that praftice being leng continued, often proves fatal. BRAS1L1AN NUT. . Nux Becuiba. Vid, Becuiba Nut-lr.;:. G z BRASH f' V 4* B R AqSI L ; W Q O D. . * L :g i:» n jtcofiiie * OT- Called a'tfp pfeudofanlalum tube urn, B{(i;ili.\qrlort I'uzp. liatiga Btiifiliin/ibiis, and hirapitaugz.' "Redtyosd. It is of a deep red colon", or of a "puipla hoi,' Sorra times it it lubftituted for red ftundei'?, with which itja- gries in moil cf iti properties, with this difference, that led faunders do not give out alfm colour'lb water ; to which Brafil wood gives out all iti colouring matter. It is cooling and firengthsning ; but ii chiefly uled by c'jers. From ihe Brafil ivoed of Pemambuco ii extracted, by neam of acids, a carmine. BREAD. Pant's. IVleat bread ii efteemed belt for genera; ufe by moft people ; though fome prefer brown,' ' tfheai bra-d is more glutinous and nourifhing inun '-■their kinds of bread.—Rye brc. i is more laxative. Oat' i-iad is nourifhing, and eafy of digeftion.—Barley bread :t more cdoting, lefs glutinous, and lets nutritious than lhat of wheat or oats ; and that of maize or Indian corn, feems harder to digeft, and lefs nourifhing than oithe* j and to fome it proves binding. Bread tbtt has been injured by age or moifture, provei very injurious to the confti ution. To make good bread, prepare good yeaft. The follow- ing is recommended, viz : Diffolva two tea fpoonfuls of fine fait in a quart of boiling water ; whan it it cool, add .-jill of facet milk^ and mix it with fine flour till it becomes of the confi.lt- e-..:s of pan cakes. Put the vcffej into' another veflol ai warm water, and fot it by the fire, to keep the ingre- dients warm, the yeaft being covered fn. the mean time ; it will rife in about four houri, make the belt, yeafly •trhich will prevent the bread from becoming four or mouldy. A quart of yeaft is fuppofed to be enough for abufhelof fbur. 6 * Tha' iiWiibeft which is made with foft watar ; is well bjked, is the i'>htoft, y.ntt tbo ;--;ft eafily d'il'ilvsJ in water, iid, dji-da, ' B R E A P S 8. O jp. B RE AP-T-iREE. Azeda-rach. I, ;3^ito(farlad./y**,<«^:rt'.')Wr"J azadaracbtii, arbor,\ar- ItOr tar^fint.f.-.cfjreicarruko.. et xit'ftia Candida. . 7 Tfsa'.S'V'S'i aijq/aid-to be poiionous, fome fay aperi- ent, and caubfhutrji. EREYNIA PLANT. Plantar ins Breynius. It is a p!ant 'found "in Jamaica, arid in fome other natti of America, ithaipo medical virtue, but wai fo ca'ird in honour of Or. Brtyneui, a botanift at Dautziq. B R I A R, B L A G K BERRY. Rubus Moluccanus. Vid. Black Berry. / BR I M S TO N E. Vid, Sulphur. B ROM E G R ASS. Broaus Squirrofus. , B RO OK L 1 M E. Becabunga. ' Called nlf*> vironica fcabur-.rc. and water pimpernel. Ft i* a low creeping p'snt, with round, fmooth, thick, reddiih ftalkl. lt jtcw: in rivulets and ditches. It il fomewhat attenuant and antifcorbutic ; poffafTing E faponaceous ard deterging virtue. '■ It attenuates vifcid humourt without gungerfy or ir. ritatron. • It is good in-tbe hot fcurvy, when acrid antif. corLutici would be impioper. It ihculdlo ufed at fo:d only. s B R O O M. Spanium Scoparium. Ca'ioJ alfo geniffa, and indigo weed. Vid, Indko Wttd. 3 R O T H, to BUG BROTH. Jul' Broths 'are made of tha lean parti of beef, mutton, &c. They are very nourifhing when ufed at aliment ; but it fhould be obferved, that in weak, worn oat constitu- tion!, ftrong broth cannot be eafily digefted, and that the (trength thereof fhould be always proportioned to. the ftrength of the patient. BRUN S S EL I S I A. - Pldntarium Jndicum. This appeart to b» undefcribed. BUCK BEAN. Meganthes Trifoliata. Trifclium paluftre, or marfh trefoil. It it called diuretic A drong infufion of it has beerr* given in the dropfy, the intermitting fevar, and difotdors of the bread, arifing fiom tough phlegm in the lungs.. Soma take the juice of the leavei when frefh. An infufion of the leaves is odeemed good by the highlanders to flrengthen the domach. And the fame hat been faid to help the rheumatifm and dropfy. A drachm of the leavei vomits and purges, and dodroyt wormi. When bops are fcarce, thefe leavei are ufed in the north parti of Europe to make ale bitter.—The powder of the root, hai boen ufed in Lapland, indead of bread. It has been efteemed aperient and deobftruant, good for. opening tho belly, promoting the fluid fecretions, for tcorbutic, fcrophulcus, and obftinate cutanooul difor- dart, if a pint of the infufion of the leavei be drank in a day. Boerbaave fays, that the juice drank with whey,, relieves the gout. BUCK THORN. Rbamus Catbarticiis. Called i\fo fpina? cervina. Buckthorn is a prickly bufh or low tree, common in hedges. The life .Si The berries are cathartic. At thefe berriei occafion gripes, iickne.'s, dryrefs of the mouth and throat of long duration, their tile ui Gicat Britain ii chiefly laid afide. The dofe of the frefh berries in fubftance, was about twenty. In decoCtion, from forty to fixty. Of the dry berries, a drachm or more. Of the expreffed juice, an ounce, • Of the fyrup, from three to four fpoonfuli, BUCK WHEAT. A gopy rum. The flour of thii kind of wheat ii very white; fome mis it with other flour and uie it as bread. But others make ii into pan cakes ; and eat it that way. B U C K's H OR N PL'AIN T A I N. Corc'.:p:i;. 5, Callst alfo crow'l foot, and fiella terra:, or ftar of ihe earth. It has the virtual of the other plaimains. Vid. Plantain. • BUFFALO. Tha flefh it fit to be eaten. The fltin ji jcallnd feu:?. fkin, buff leather, or buff; « i« ufeil ^OT pouchw, baits, glova.s, &c. and the hair for Hocks. BU-CL E. Bugula. Called alfo af.^.i uptans, or rr.iddi; eonfound, It it a 'ow piant, Tbelsavcs are «ilcUy iftringenf, corroborant, and *ul- nerary. Tie roots are more aftringont Inf .Sons of theleaves, or ihe e.'.preffid juice, s n r^ent- !v !axi,,v«, good in toiifua-.otiow, internal uk^atio;.-, fiux-'s, letention of uric- ,. 0 l;orni?i. They ftrang><- en tho fyftem risd-rio nv. ■ "i'tiiisfcaily. . .;.' ; B U G LO S S. S- BUR BU G LO S S. Ancbuft, et BugUJfum, It is cultivated in gatdens. The flowers arc moderately emollient and refrigerant, being one i is. BUTTER-NUT. ' Nux Butyl us, tt This ii the fruit of a xreo called the nux lutyrns arbom or butter-nut tree, which growt in many patucr Ametj5 ca.—The nuts are large, and their kernel! contain a quan- tity of oil of a rich agreeable flavour; and is :•..;: poicd to bs purer than that obtained from olivet. Butler nuts are much eaten by the country people. The inner bark of the tree* dyes a good purple ; «nd it* watery extraCt was ufed much at a purge in tha time of the American war. It often produced gripingt, and did not ojeratefo wei; as many of the other purgatives. z T.'i* dofe was a drachm or more formed into pills. C A A APIA. It is a fmall low plant growing in Brafil. I' has nearly the iaT.e virtues of the ipecauhanna. Tnrju.ee of the toot hat been employed externally, to ck u thofe wounded with poifoned 'jaru. and bitten with ferments. • C A A C A A 8j CAA-ATAYA. A plant in Brafil. It refembles eitpbiafac. A decoction of it operates powcititliy both upward and downwaid. C A A-C H IR A, Called alfo anil, and indicum. The indigo biuo plant, -whichfee, C A A C I C A. An herb in Brafi', w.iich is full of a milky juice. When frefh, u is bruiicd, and applied a^auift ven- omous bitet. C A A C O. The fenfi ive plant, a native of Brafil. If the leav°i are touclitd by any thing, they immediately contiaCt ; but foon retu'n to their former ftate. The tops of this plant arc noxious ; and the'r root" nn antidote to the potion. A cecoCtion is mace ol .1 hanu- ful of that part of the root which it under ground, by boiling it a tew minutes in fix pints of water ; of whicr, half a pint ii to be drank every hour or two, till the patient is well. This root is alio an antidote to icvcr.il other pofons not mentioned. There is alio another fpecies of caaco. - CAAETIMAY. Senecio Brafilienfts. A tall plant which grows in Brafil, theleaves of which have a hot acrid tafte. A decoCtion of them cuies tho iteb, if applied to toe paid affected. CAACH1YU Y O. A fhrub growing in Brafil. The powder of its leaver, applied to ulcers, dries them up. CAAGUA.CUBA. A fmail tree in Brafil. It ha: no medical virtue. H C A A fe* CAS C A A - O P 1 A. A tree growing in Brafi!. If incfions ate made in the bark, a juice il emitted, when dry, relembling ihe gutta gamba in all refpeCt;, on- ly it ii fomewhat redder. C A A PEB A. Called alfo pareira brava. Vid. Pareira Brava. CAAPOMONGA. A plant giowing in Brafil; but of no known medici- nal ufe. C A A PON G A. 2. A Brafilian p.ame of a fort of famphire. Tnc leaves and young (talksaio gently diuretic. They are alfo uted at pickles. There is another (pccic, called perexys lufitanis ; it :e- lemblet putflane, and is ol the fams natuio -s the above. c CAAPO-TIRAGUA. A plant in Brafil ; it refembtei, in (ome rofpeCts, the rubia, but is not a genuine Ipcctet thereof. C A A R O B A. A tree in Brafil ; a decoCtion of the leavei promotes p; rlpiratton, and is ulcful in the venereal difcalc. CABBAGE. Brajfica. 30. Calbtrei-have aflrjr^ei tci.aimcy to run into a datl tf pu'.ief action than anv otrci known veget.jle. Ti.cy aro atter.uar,', laxaitve, emu/lien', antilcnrbutic, ant, anu kaline. Tnc red kind u .lie mod emollient and laxative. All thevar cus fpecies are rrorcufed as food than phyf- ic. Of ail the okirf.eous heib», it is ptefumco that Cab- b fcti may be the mod e.fiiy refjlveti n tf c llomach, the moll r-u tf.-.cu", and tha leafl rem-te from liie name of an ma! CAB 8? animal food ; they are not unwholefoms, nor do they ex- cite putrefaction in tho human body.—They arc pood in the putrid (cuivy, if taken freely, loofen tho belly, and produce flatulency. A decoCtion of red cabbage, is good in hoarfenefs, nnd fome diforders of the bread, for (oftening acrid humourr, and promoting expeCtoration. A little fait ana ounge juice added to tho decoCtion, ha* been called excellent in dan -erous diforders of the cheft. The leavei applied externally, promote the diichar^e of blilters, and aro fervicsable in drawing off tho Wat-is in an anafarca. Pickled ccblage or four crout, put into Cifks, keeps m.->- ny yeart, and is very excellent in long voyages at fe?, a.-d in befieged places on tlio land, wren fie'h veg*'..:■!'. cannot be had. It operate! ai a moft powerful prevtr ■ ative againil the fcurvy, and is very beneficial in cui / £ tha diforder after it has taken place. C A B B A G E - T R E E.. Geo/rata, et Paltr.a Nobilis. Called alfo geofroza inertnis. Cabbage bark tree, and worm bark. It it a tree of a confidsrable height, as it grows f on 250 to 303 feet high, but it iiof no great thicknef*, fend- ing forth branches near its top, relembling in fome meai- uia a cjti.bags head, whence the name. It grows in tho low favannahs of Jamaica, in the Weft Inri jr. The bark is a celebrated anthelmintic. A deccCtion of it has been given for the deftruCtion of worms ; and 't expels the lumbrici powerfully. The bark in fubllance excites nau'ea, vomiting, and delirium. Therefore it ought not to be exhibited in this form : but thefe fymptoms may be removed by wafbjng the bread in warm water ; taking caftor oil, and dn'nk- ing a plenty of warm liquor, acidulated with vegetaolo acid, as the iaft feems to he a (pecific a.- ainfl the delete- rious effeCts of the Bark. When per.pie lake this medi- cine, they muft avoid tho drinking of cold liquors, Dqfe. Give fmall do'cs of the decoCtion at firft, and increale them gradually every morning, for 8 Or 0 days, or at occafion may require. On tho lop of this nee growl a white, tender, medul- lary.. 68 C A L :ary fubfti-ir.-, .vlrch is eaten raw j but boiled and pxk- '-i with the white leavct which lurround it, ii one of: • : g catcd deiicaciei in the lcewaid iflandi. C A C H O S. Solunun: Pomifcrum, folio rotundo tmui. A very g'en llirub, growing on ihe mountain! of Pe.l ru. The Iruit :«ic;ncl.-.s the road-apple. * .5 lr,-:ani u'e it as a diuietic, and to expel concto- ti nj from tha kidney.-. CACTUS O PU N T I A. D ■. Ea-tram found this plant in Eaft Florida; it gro.vs fevcn cr eight feet high ; the flowers are yellow^ lie fiuit pear fhaped, of a datk i.vd purplo hue ; the; j iice of tie pulp, is of a fine tranfparent crimfon. It is looting, powerfully u'nretic, pleafant to the tafte ; but turns ii'- urine to a crimion r.olour. Tho cochineal in- I tit feeds on the leaver. CAJAHABA. An Indian plant, which adheres to frees like ivy,1 T^ic native! btuife it, and bind it upon fraCturer. CHAJOTLI OR CHAYOTI. The fiu.it of a Mexican plant, which has a large icons in the in ddle of it. Both the fruit and done it boiled aim eaten : the root is alfo good to eat, C A T O U. Pomferi et Pruiifra. Called alfo ca-'ous and cajum ; and likewtfe acajaiba. Vtd. Acajuiba. CALABASH.TREE. Higuero. It it a large ttee growing on the American Iflandl, and alfo on the continsnt. The flowers are in the form o! a lily. The fruit s febiifite ; and whilft unripe, if preferv- ed CAM 8a, ed with fugar, ii good in feveri. The ripe fruit ?.ffordi fhalli for cupi. CALAMINE Calamintha. Vid. Mint. C A MA R A-CU B A. - An herb in Brtfi! ; all its parts are glulinou*. C AM AR A-M I R A. A deodar plant in Brafil, whofe flower opens at all: times of the year, at out eleven o'clock in tho morning, and cor,.inuas fo until about two in the evening. C A M A R A-TIN G A. A fpeciei of dwarf honey (uckle, found in Brafil, CAMOMILE. Chamyfteric difor- ders, flatulencies, gravel, pain* in the kidneys, recent colds, feveri and aguet, coovuifuns, tardialgia, and pu- trid diforderr. The expreffed ju'ce of the heib it ufefu' :\ jftit', t<*o afthma, jaundice, dropfy, and (Langurv. Exei.ially, fomentations and caiaplaiin mado ot .hi ur.veri, du- ll 2 cufi r,o CAR cn'i hard tumoun and relift putrefaction. Their decoc- tion it alfo good in emollient glyfter'. Soma c!?:w and fwallow the fl >wers in agues, and re. cent coldf, and receive benefit thereby. Dofe, of the powder of the flowers, is from 10 grains to a drachm. O' thejuice of the plant, from one ounce to fix. Of the flowers in infufion, from a Icruple to a drachm, io a pint of boiling water. CANADIAN QUEEN OF THE MEA- D O \V S. UJmaria Canaiierfa. Called alio regina prati. It is a tall plant, with (mooth, brittle, reddifh ftalkl. On the top.< are clufter* of while fl iwers, folio ved by croaked feeds, let n a roundifh head. The loves have an agreeable fmell. The whole plant it aiexiphaimic,^ but not ufed in the preient piaClce. m CANE, S U G A R. Sugar Cane. II Arundo Saccharifera, Vid. Sugar Cane, CANELLA ALBA. Vid. Winter's Bark. C A O P O 1 B A. A large tree in Brafil, but of no known medical" vis- tur. C A O U P. A tree in the Ifhnd of Maiagnan, with leaves like thofe of an apple ttee, but larger. The fljv,ei> are red mixed with yllow, and the fruit is like an orange. No medicinal v.itue is mentioned. C A R AG N A. Carannn, It is a concrete refinous juice, found in New Spain, and CAR ?' and other parts of America. The bad is the whiteft. It has an agreeable Imell, and a (lightly bittor pungont tafte. Rectified Ipiiit diffolvoi thieo fourthi of it, and water the raft, except the impuriliei. It affoidl an ef- fential oil of an orange colour. This rtfin is called balfamic, and corroborant, having. Ihe virtues of tacamahaea, but in a higher degree. P,alters of caragna, aio faid to be good in paini of tha ftomach and joints. CARAWAY. Carum. This il an umbelliferous plant, which growi about two or three feat high, for the molt part, in gaidens, for it rarely it found wild. The feadt are ftimulant, ftomachic, and carminative; bomg one of th^ four greater hot feeds. The effential is fuppoled to be caiminative, and diur- etx. The feeds expel wind, help dig?flion, ftreng-hen tha ft-imich, eafe pain, and are lervicoable in the flitulcnt cho ic. Trie effential oil expels wind, promotes urine, and communicatet to it fome degree of tho" odour of the oil. Thediftilied (pirit of the feeds, ii a good cordial. But when an inflammable diathefit prevails in tho fyftem, all thefe remedial will be improper. Dofe, of the feeds in powder, it from a fcruplo to a drachm. Of the oil, from one to three drops, in fugar, Cf the diitilled fpirit, half a jill. CARIBOU. An animal in Nova Scotia, &c. The flefh is eaten by the people, CAROLINA IRON WOOD TREE. Andromtdia Plumata, A tree in Catol ra. We have alio ar, iron wiodtree in Vermont. It il ufed at leaver, ot levers, for thepurpoleof raifing rockt, tim- ber, &c, CAROLINA 02 CAR CAROLINA RED BUD TREE. Andromedia Nitida. A'tree in Carolina. CAROLINA SYRIA NG A, Philadelphia inodorus, vel Folhergilla, A tree in Carolina. CAR R-O T, C O M M O N. Common Carrot. Daucus Vulgaris vel Daucus Saliva. The common or garden carrot. Carrots of thii kind are principally ufed as food ; but are hard to digeft. A poultica of them when raw arid fiefh, if renewed twice or thrice in a day, has been recommended to lake off the difagrecable Imell in foetid ulcers, and open can- cers. r Amarmalda of carrots has been propofed, as an addi- tion to the ftock of fhip't provifioos, for preventing the CARROT, WILD. Wild Carrot, or Bird't Ned. Daucus Sylveftris, Wild carrels are fuppofed to be of the fama fpecielof the garden kind : tho latter being only altsted by culti-' vation. The feedt of the wild carrot, ate efteemed diuretic, and emmenagogic. Mai; liquors fermented with thefe feeds, a-e faid tob« b'.rificial in a (uppieffion of uiino, the cachexy, and (cur- vy. An infufion of ihtm in boiling water is good in calcu.j loui cafes, and to give immediate relief in the ftrangury.' It alfo ryomoses themenfei. Dofe. fnfufethieefpoonfulsof the feedr, inapintof boiling water, and driru of the infufion as occafion may require, ' C A S C A R I L L A. CAS 95 CASCAR1LLA. ELutberia. It ii the bark of a ihr ib or tree, growing in Jamaica, and in the Bahama Iflani'- It ii ftimuiant, a warm 1, imachic, diaphoratic, corrob- orant, and a gentle • nuUyuu. It it good in intcrt-ttiini; fevers, flatulent cholicr, in- tern.il .armorrhages, dyfenieries, diarthceai, acute feveri, epidemic feve-?, with petechias, fpitting of blood, vomit- ing, we:kneft of ftomach, hypochondriac and hyfleric pa .v, and ij-ifml, gouty pains, and to promoto fweat, and if isoked with tobacco, to help diforders of tho head. lt may be given in intermitting faven, when the Pt«- ruv'an bark cannot be taken, but it it not fo powerful. Cc/j, of cajcardla in fubllance, is from fix grains to a fciu;i>, tw'co or th- ce in a day. in infufion, from half a drachm to a drachm. CASHEW.NUT. This nut grcwi on the Acajaiba. Vid. Acajaiba. C A SS AD A. Called alfo cacavi, cazabi cajfave, caffavi, pain de Mad* ago fear, ricinus minor, manihot, yucca, man&iiba—Brajittcn- fibus, iSc. It it the jatropha, or cajjavi, of Linnteus, This plant grows in the warmer pirti of America. There are many fpeciei, but the ftalkl and rooti of all of them pafi under the common name of mandihoca. The root is thick, and of an oblong fhape. Cafjada root is a ftrong poifon, but it affordi a bread whicn is nour fhing. This bread is made by boiling the roots in water till all tho poifon, which ii volatile, ii diflipated. But fome fpeciet of thii plant, cannot be fieed from their poifon- ou; qualities. The (oft mandihic* il called fitba ; when dried over Ihr fire or in ire fun it it called earima, and of this good bread is made, which it called mufam, or angu, or efronde. Of 94 CAS Oc tha carma, and the lipioca ire made emu!(ions, ptifans, &c which are ufed in consumptions, d> tenterics.'faven, fain 'ngs, poilont, and *-aemorrhages, both internal and external. The ju ce of the roucou it an antidote again ft the poif. on of t t plant. This bread is ufer! in Hifpan;ol», and other Weft In. d;a HLnds, al'o in Mexico, and even from Fioiida to the ftraitt o' M.p-llan. The liquo- that it puffed from this plant, it called n:an fuera. Tno root macerated in water, until it ii foft, is called mar.diopiba ; of the fediment of this is made a fiier flour, called by the Brafiliana vipeba, and by Iha ¥ otluguelofarinbafrefca. CASSAVA. Jatropba Urens, Lit. It feemt to be the fame at caffada, wbicb le». CASSIA. Caffia Fiftularis. 3. Wild Honey.. It is a hard, woody, cylirdiical pod, of a tree growinf in Brafil. The pods are about a foot or more in lengthy and an inch in diameter, containing feeds and a black] pulp, which is the part ufed in medicine. Caffia i: a gentle laxative, which is good in difordrrs of the breaft, kidneys, and bladder, if taken as a purge. It is alfo good in tendons of the belly, coftiveneft, and inflammations ; being lefs irritating than other purgi- tives of a more draft,c nature. If half an ounce of afc fia, ii m xed with two drachms of manna, it makes a good purge. Caffia may be quickened with ftronger purgatives, 01 antimonial emetics ; but it dimmtfhei the power of tha latter fo far, that four grains of emetic tartar, taken ins decoCtion of cafjia, will not opera'e much more than one will alone. Two drachms of enffia, diffolved in fix drachml of whey, arid tho whole given by a fpoonful at a lime, in tho (pace of ten 01 twelve houri, purge off the meco- nium in children before they begin to fuck.__Caffia lurns the utine green and blacktfh, 100 largo dofes excite naufea, CAS 93 mufea, flatulency, and griping, but warm liquors and aro-.at.ct, temovo thofe fymptomr. Dfes. As a laxative, a drachm ; as a purge, from twos drachmt loan ounce and an half. CASSIA-BERRY-TREE. Called caffino, and caffine vera ftoridanorum. Soma call it St. Bartholomew't herb. It growi in Carolina. It grows near the fea, and not very far from the fhore. There are two forts. Tricycrba de palos, and a finer and bettor fort called yerba de caamini. The former it fuppofcd to be tha caffia barry bufh. The Indians ufo a (trong decoCtion of it to excite vom- iting,—And the Spaniards who live n*ar the gold tmnsi in Peru, drink an infufion of it to mofften their broads, CASTOR. Caftcremn. It is the inguinal glandt of the caflor beaver. Vid. Beaver. Caftor is antifpafaodic, emmenagogic, nervine and antihyfteric. It it good in fpafms, menftrualobftruClions, flow nerv- ous fevers, hyftencal co.inla.ntj, epilopfiei, paifias, le- thargy, convulfiont, griping pains, wind cholic, and op- preffion of the procorda. It refolvei, dete-ges, and proves fometimei anodyne ; but is not fo efficaciou at it has been fuppofcd to be; however, it is a good medi. cine. ° Dofs. Of the caftor in powder, from ten to twenty, or tniruy grains. ' Of the tinSure, from twenty to fixty drops. CASTOR OIL BUSH. Rutnus, andPulmaChrfti. 3. Tre oil !» commonly called nut oil, and caftor oil. Thi bufh grows as tall as a little ttee. Tie (eedi re. fexb'e ':oth in colour and fhape the 'tick called nanus, whence tho name. Thii plant grows fpontane; ..fly n i'ie W-ft Ind os, and is cujtvated in k>n-oof our Nona American garden.', Tho r.5 CAT The feeds, on expreflion, or boiling in water, yieH a confiderablo quantity of oil, which is emollient, aperient, cooling, and purgative. It is good in the cholic, calcu- lus, dry be!'" sche, gonorrhoea, fluor albus, nephritis, voini.a.g, il'.-.<• paffion, (pafmodic cnolic, althma from fumes of lea f, co.tivenefs, worms, and dyfentery. It does not itn ,,-, but is a fafe purge for pregnant women, ana young c idron. It cooli fevers, obtunds acrimo. ny, , nd is a, ncft a fpectfic for the yellow fever,-—In low feveri thii oil may be'too ccoling, in which cafe, nvx it with . romatics.—a may be taken commonly with. out any addition, or in peppermint water, or in the form of an emulfion with mucilage, or a lit,tle rum mixed with fugar. If it is neceilaiy to quicken its operation, add fome of the tinCture of jalap, or fome of tho compound) tinClure of fenna. i Tne feeds of palma Chrifli, jtbound with a ftrong de- gree of aciimony, not difcovcrable by the tafte ; fo that] when but one feed has been chewed and (wallowed, ij has excited violent vomitings and purging!. Thefe feeds are therefore not fit to be oaten at all; and efpecialM when their (hells are not taken off. Dofe, of the oil of caftor, is from half of an ounce ts one ounce. CAT, T A M E. Cains Domefticus, velfelis Domeflica. The fat is faid to be good for burns, CATAMOUNT. Monfcatuvt. An animal of the fur kind, which ii very dangeroul both to man and bead. I CATMINT. Nepeta. Vid, Mint, C A T's T A I L. Tapha Palujlris. ■ This plant growi in low meadow landf, to ihe hoight ol C E D 97 of two, three, four, or five foet. Orrthe tops, longheadi ate found, which are full of down, ufed in filling beds, and by fome, if mixed and carded with cotton wool, in making candle wicki. Thii down, gathered before the headl are ripe, and made into an ointment by being fimmered in cieaai, it faid to be good for burns, fore heads, and ulcers. C E A N T H O S. A fpeciesof Carduu". Called aUoceh/ius inermis, and ctanotkus of Lin. Some noted Indians depend more on this plant for the cure of tha luc: venerea, than on the lobeLa, and ule it in tho fama manner. Vid. Lobelia. IT the diforder it very virulent, they mix fome of th.i roots of the tubus ca.de aculeatefoliis terr.atts, Lin. cr bra.ii- bic, with it. CEBIH.1A. Cebipira Guacu, or Cebitira 1,'., . A tree which grows in Brah!. Iti baik it bitter and a(irlng-nf. Baths and fomenta- tions of ii, help pains in the limbs, d-.feates froiu cold, tumcurs of the fact and belly, itch, and other cutaneous dilorderi, CEDAR, RED. Red Cedar. Cedrus Rubrus. This tree grows in many parts of America. It is efteemed fudorific and anodyne. A *:,-m bath of the boughs boled in water, and alfo a decoCtion of the 1,-im-, promrcs fwoat, and cafes rheumatic pains. " The cnymical oil obtained fiorn the dry fh ivings, in- ternally gven, and externally appiic!, :s u'eful in the lame diio.der, and efpecialiy for.ftiff jj'nts. This oil is obta.ned by putting tho (havings after they havebaen ke;,t in a d:y placa fix months, into an iron pot with a hols in the middle of its lid. T,e put it then to bo placed -r, the eiound, bottom upward:, with I a 98 C E D a pewter baton under th* hole in the lid. Then the pot! it to be all butted with the find or gravel, except the j bo' U ;n ,< upon which a gentle fire is to be kept about lev., n '.otn- ; then teiivc it, and after the pot it cool, take ' ..way iho fu»roundmg gravel or fand, and in the baton I you will find a quantity of oil, although the chipt were I (■:■■•, and no kin 1 of liquid wal added. The fhkviftgi will appear black like chsrcoal. Half a bulhcl of fhay- J ingt yields about half a n nt of oil. The dole of thii oil. ;s from 12 to 20 drops, in fugir, I or in any convenient vehicle. 1 CEDAR, WHITE. Wk:ti C.d^r. Cedrus Albus. 2. There arc tv.-o fpeciss, but I know not their virtues if they have any Mr. Dale mention: a fpeciei cf cedar growing in Car olina, which efford.-. a gum lo much like the true olio* num, that when they aie nvxed tli;" cannot be feparat' r w tl I.* pint, of mufl, which ii to iLnd iu the !unfc:i)'t>ys,-i: prevent cheeje from beinj injured by tnsTgots, to every twelve pound- of curd, put aj'll offal", and a fcruple of rittc. The nitte prevents the cheejt horn be- ing maggoty. CHER R Y. C erf us. Ws hive different kind? of cherries in America, as l>-e Cera/us nigrus, Or bUck c eiry. Vid. Black C',;r, v —Tio eerafus firangulinus,lcit c'oka cheny ; tho cerajus angli. tonus, the Entl fh cher'y ; cerajus montanus, the noun- tain cherry ; cerajii furpureus. the purple choiry ; c.-.i cerafus rubr'us, rho red cheny, &-. D ffrren, cherri's Have different qia'ities. T ,e common red cherrus. are cooling and diuretic, T"i" Rum o' tho tree it tnfpiffant, and demulcen'. i'he choke cherries ate (o powerfully aftriogent, as to cqntraCt tbftmocl) and throat to that degree, as almolt to impede (wallowing. But the other kiods of cherries are in general anta kalne and anlifeptic. T-e common add red cherries cool feveri, qjench third, and refilt pu're;act on.—They have a'!j I etn eft-cmed u'eful in obftruClions of the vifcara, and fuppreffions of unne ; and for neutralizing alka'.elcent fubf.ancei in tha prima via. lu«gumof tho cherry tree, is good in a thin, acrid 1 z date ios CHE ftate of the fluids, and where the mucus of the inteftinei it abraded. Hence it is ufeful in hoaifenels, dyfontery, ciankcea, griping pains, hcetnorrhages, tickling coughs, fait catarrhs, fpitting of blood, heat of urine, and ftran- gurv. It has the virtues of gum Arabic. Dofe. From a fcruple to a drachm, diffolved in half a ' j 11 or a jill of water. CHERVI L. Sandix Cerefolium. It it an umbelliferous plant, with *. ingcd leaver, fome. what like thofe of paiflay. The leads referable a bird't iaak. It growl in garden;. lt is gently aperient and diuretic. The juice of the plant, promotes urine when it ii (up. rreffad, and renderi it clear. It it good in dropfias, either alono or with nitre, or a lyiup of the five opening rooti. It operates without exciting irritation or inflammation, Dofe, of thejuice, is from thrco to four ounces, every fcuiifi hour. CHESNUT, DWARF. Dwarf Chefnut. Fag us Caftanea. 3. This is the fmalled kind ol cbelnut tree. 'a CHESNUT, H O R S £. Morfe Chefnut. IIppocaftanunti or Fagus Equinus, and /Efculus Hippocafta* num. The fruit of this tree it errhine, and the bark it faid to r ava the virtues of tho cort. Peru. A decoCtion of the fruit (nuffad up the nofe, excites lr»;cz ng, and is faid to be good in cafes of ophthalmia and lead ache, and other diforders whete errhines are i..i! i-ttd. The ba: k of the tree btai been ufed by fome in the cure of imeimitting fevers. Hirf chefnuts make good food for fheep and poultry. T.'.ey have alio Leen employed at loaD for wafhir %. 'CHESNUT, CHO 103 CHESNUT, SCARLET FLOWERED. Scarlet flowered Chefnut. Fagus jEfulus'. Common chefnuts are called windy and fomewhat bind- ing ; but on being roafted or boiled, they become much more agieeable and wholefome. The coat of the nut between the kernel and the (hell is aflringent. The roafted kernels, mixed with honey, aro faid to be good for a cough and for (pitting of bl iod. Tho eating of green, raw chefnuts has produced lhort- neft of breath, and griping pains in the bowels, and in fome a diarrhoea. CHICK WEED. A/fine. z2. Called alfo n.orfusgaliinte, chick weed, and moufe ear. The leavei referable the cart of mice, whence '.he lad name. It ii a (mall creeping herb, which delights mod in ihady places. It ii cooling, though but little ufed in medicine. CHINA OCCIDENTALIS. Weft India China. Called aKo china fpuria nedofa. Simlax afpera, pfeudo china, kaboUffakiribunnad produces a crop of nuts in June, and another in D-cimtui. Ttie cream of in.* e ru is e nollient and coraal. Tne chocolate is very damulcant, emolI?e.i., and nutri- tioui. The m-cilag'nous pulp crn'.aimd in t'te hi fk-, if preffed, yields a cr-«m ; hat is c ,/dial and grateful to the ta.ie : and, as an omo lien, for external applications iiof auin rab'e (fEc-cy. Chocolate t« good in heCtic, fcorbutic, and catarrhoui diforaen, auopfm* , malignant itch, hooping cough, a- end falineout, acio, and bilious complaints, and for ry. pochondnac, hydcric, ana melancholic p-tients if made with milk, and only a (mall prop irtion of aromat c . H it laid to make the teeth grow black. If (he drinking of chocolate produces uneafinefs in tho ftomach, drink a tea cup 'uil of cold water, CHOYNE, An American cucurbit feious p'ant. whofe leaves rs- femole thofa of the bay tree; but it is neither uled in diet, nor in med'eine. CINNAMON, WILD. Wild Cinnamon Tree. Cinnarr.:nu-n Sylveftrum. It is a large tree growing in Antigua, Jamaica, and other of tho Caribbee Iflind,. Thoba-k is the chief parr in ufe, the poor natives ute it in the room of all other fo ccs. It yields a heavy oil, wli en, on being mixed with a litile of the oil of clove-, is (old for it. The vinuej of this bark a>c the fires with the con^x viniu.nul. CIV 10$ winteranui. In England the former is fold for the lat- tor. Vid. Corf. W.nteranus. ■ Some fuppofe that the genuine cinnamon, may be pro- duced in the Ifland of Tobago. C I S T U S. Time Leaved Marih Citlus. 17. Ledum} Tbymifolium. A Ihrub which grows in fio-y place:. It ii called by fome the rock roje. CITRON. Citrus. This fruit is the produce of a fmall evergreen trae, re- fembiing a lemon, and differing from it chiefly in its fruit. I: grows in the warmer climates, and efpecialiy in the Carolinar. Citron juice ii antalkaline, antifcorbutic, fudorific, and fomewhat refrigerant. The peel is ltimulant. The juice helps the (curvy, allays heat, quenches third, rellrains commotions of the blood, and promotes the excretions in general. The oil of the frefh pee), it ufed ai a perfume, C I V E S. Cepa Secli/is. Thii il an Englifh name for a fpecies of onion, grow- ing intufts, and feldom exceeding fix inchei in height: Ihey never produce any bulbs, but ate much ufed at fal- ladt in the fpring. They feem to be fomewhat of tho nature of onions. CIVET. Zibeihum, Civit ii a foft, unftuous, odoriferous fubdance, about the confidence of honey or butter; found in certain bags fituated in the lower part of the belly of an animal ol the cat, or weafel kind. Il comes from Bufil. It is a perfume. 106 CLE It it chiefly ufed in perfumes, but was formerly fup. pofed to be antir>\ ftor;c, and was employed in deafneft. But iti ule is now confined to confectioners and perfutn. ert. CLARET. Claretum. This is a name given by the french to red wines not of a high colour. Vid. Wine. CLARY, GARDEN. Gsrden Clary. Horminum Sativum, zt). It is cultivated in gardens. The leaves and Vedt are anlifpafmodic, and cm rubor* ant.—Good in the fluor albus, fcma,c weaknefiei, (Titu. lent cholics, and hy(!enc«l complaints. CLAY. Or Pottei't Clay. Argilla Figlinus. There are a great many fpeciei of cla-, ai the whits;, brown, grey, blue, yellow, green, red, biack, &c. Clay is not only uled by potters, in making earthen waro, but br br ck makers, mafons, or brick layers, and alio by farmers,, for manure, &e. But it doss not (earn. lo be ufad in medicine—Tobacco pipe clay is called Cre- te (imol/a. Vid. Pipe Clay. CLEAVERS. Or Clivers, Ap urine. C riled alfo goofe-grafs, hayr coolingi cor 109 cooling;—The exterior part of the nuts ii at fiilt eata- ble, and are gratefully acid, and gently tcftringant. By boiling the kornels of the nuts, an oil is obtained like that from almonds. COD-FISH, THE GREATER. A^eUus Major. The greater Cod-Fifh. Cai'ted alfo merluccius, cabeliau, morhua, molva, and the kneeling. Thefe fifh are caught in the faas, particularly upon the banks of Newfoundland. The whiteft are bed. They are very nourifhing. COD-FISH, THE LESSER. Or leffer Cod-Fifh. Aftllus Mollis, vel Minor. The Whiting. Vid. Whiting. COFFEE. Ccffea. Coffee is tho fruit of an oriental fhrub, which is now cultivated in the Weft Indiei. It it flightly adringent, and anlifeptic : al.'o ft!mubnf, and a powerful fedative. It is more ufed ai food thai phyfic. Sumo call it good for the head acha, a ivea'< ftom- ach, and diforders anfing from intemperance anJ h.r:! dudy. It moderates internal fermentation, a.iJ d,:i fervicn in coipulentand phlegma'ic habitt. In delicate conftituttons, it lometimes produces head- aches, and ether nervous (ymploms. In fome it ailifti d'geftion, promotes tho nature! fe. crotions, prevents fl-eninefi, and rolievei tha fpaficiitc a ft h ma. Dr. Motherby informs, that coffee (lnuld be b-iilad fron eight to twelve hours before it is dank, an 1 alio m x.-.l with an equal quantity of milk. T-velve berries of raw coffee, boiled in a quirt o( »:. K ter •no COL ter to 8 or 10 ounces, with the addition of 20 dropi of the a; herial ipirit of nitre, taken twice in a day for two month , has been rscommanded fo? paini in the kidneyi i.'dii.;-vr,i. D>. Lewis relates, that coffee ii good for the phlrgmatic and corpulent, but hurtful to tl'in habits, the bilious, ro I'.incht'iic, bypoohondriac, and ti.ofe fubjeCl to hsera. oi.'iii.'j;'. COilUS H. I know of no other name for thii plant, which growl '• lul in Am:nca ; and, 1 fuppolo, wai thus nam«d by ihe Indian!. It is commonly about two feet high. i-.iijc have ui'd it in menftiual obftruClions, and to ftcn^then tho ftomach and habit in grnersl ; but iti i~i-.an.al powers are nor, as j-et, fully afcertained. C O H Y N E. An American tree, with loavei like laurel.—Iti fruit is as large as a melon, fhaped liko an egg. The Irdiam make cups of it. The fruit is not eatable. COLCAQUAHU1TL. An Amoiican plssnt, commended in paifies and uter- ina diforders. COLINIL, An American ; iait, the juice of which, with a littl) honey, cures puflulcs in the mcutb. COLLINSONMA, A p!a-,t ''n Weft Florida. It is "roTislic, diuretic, carmnat'.e, and powerfully f;t'.i;jie. A-i inf,.n n of tha tops ii drank tor bireakfaft, which p.omo.es uiine, expeij wind, and helps feveri. C Ot,T'i F O O T. Tvfslago. C.'l'ifoot is alow pl.pt, v.-:i;: yellow Ciiymys, vvbieh g'O.vs wild in 1 ;?,> ground;, Ths CON i-i The leavei and flowert are mucilag'n.r-a*. Tho herb ii called good in coughs, confumptions, ^nd Other dilorders of iho breaft and lungs ; fcrophui^us complaints, catarihs, hcClic fever, and coll qualive tii- arrhceas. A decoCtion or the leaves and fldwers may be d; j. 1. fteely, wiih or without milk. COLUMBINE. Aqudegia, Thii plant grows naat two feet high, in tht, woods and pafture giounds. TUofoodt arc fomewhat mucilaginous. An eriiuifion of tho feeds has been givei to de" ■:.y v. oims, euro ihe jjun'Jc, and pit -c*. ito the en, -one? the fmall pox and me-dl.: : but tiieir fonfibla c nl.tiei afford out little foundation for thefe virtues, at tney e:i not d,ff-r much iru-.i the (our cold iced , only ihey a;o fomewhat more muctlagtr.jus. COMFER Y. Confolida. Called zKofymphytum officinale. Lin, .It it a large rough pla.it, which grows wild in moid grounds ; but it it fov.r-timci cultivated in gardens. Tho roots are inrpi(Iaot and demulcerr. lining tiio viitues of marfh mallows. They correCtlalt fharo ferurn, heal crof.«..nic. I: inciea'et tho circulation of tho animal fluids, invig. or*tts the fyftem, promotei perlpiration, and refill* pu. ir.-faft on. It is ufed in low, nervoas, malignant feveri, to promole d'g(ftion, expel wind, ftrengthen the ftomach, and re- (twin diarrhoeas. It drives the humours from the in. tcirnal to the external parts ; but does not produce any ccnfidcrnble degree of heat. D jc. From five grains to half a drachm, cr more. In decoCtion or infufion, from half a drachm *.o two disc hint. CONTRAYERVA NOVA. Or New Contraycrva. Called alfo Mexican contrayerva. Tho root comes from Mexico and Guiana. Trie rrot leems to have the virtues of the aforcmen. tionod c.itrayerva, but in a lefs degree, COPAL. Riu: Copzi'.inum, Lin. T!';.i wit fuppofed to be a mineral fubdance, but ap. p.e.t. K: bo a refin obtained from feveral forts of large iters trr\ving in New Spain, and the Ifl.nd of Tobagc, \i is faid io be a wa'in conoborant, which is piofum- ed CO P 113' jd.o be fimilar to am'er. This aiticl* has been bat li'- tlo employed in medicine, it is called ftrengthening, but it clhcfiy employed in making varnifh in Great Britain. But il is considered as a production which defcrves fur- ther trtale. C O P A U. Arlir Brafdiana fvlindiftmilis, ntttibus carenJ. It is a fort of wood growing in B.afil, which rcfei!- b'.cs tr.e walnut tiec, C O P E I A. A tree in Hifpaaiola, whofe leaf ferves for piper, of which tiie Spaniards make card-.— The tree .ifljrdi a kind of matter, of which pitch is made. C O P I I B A. Copiiba Brafilionfibus. It is a tali tree, grciving'in Biiii', but is not rcm.itka- bJe for any irjf.;ical vntue. COPPER. Cup rum. Copper is a ••ed~:fh tt.z :■.', nr.r n r.s time: f^z'f.ciV.y h.o*,vt»r than water. Thiers are great quantities of Ibis t-i-'al in diven r-.-:i of Amecca, and fome of the virgin kind ii fad tube found r.-nr L:.kc Superior. Simple copper is po.lcnjui if d i.rj'ved ; and all ill pte^arationi prove violamiy erne! c and catbartc. Thsviiulonceof this me.^l, maketit ur.nt for internal ufe, unlofl in fopaa delperats cafei. I dull l.Kitii'ore lay no more up in the luaj cl in tbi* pl.-re. Copperi-Jfds arc (o poiionout, Uia t!,ty are ur.^'. for ufs in cutAc-y. C O P P'E R A S. Vitiiolum, Or V,M,o'. L\*p CORAL TREE, THE GREATER AND LESSER. Corallodondron Major, et Minor. Erylhrina. Arbor, Corallium Amtrhanum .'!ag>.u..i. '/"" .- g"uz: American :o:d tree, .CJ'cd COR ,115 Called alfo arbor, toralliiim, Juiquofa, ftliqua fylveftris fphcjus arbor indica, arbujcula corcllti, and threo leaved Arnorican coral tra, witn deep red flowers, commonly oiled in America ihe bean tree, and the groater coral tree. Arbor, ccrallium minor, or leffar three-leaved American coral tree, with blacker feeds and fpines. Tho powder of the leaves boiled with mature cocoa nuts, is faid to con fume vonereal buboes, and to eale pains in the ocner. Thejuice of the leaves, taken with tho oil fergeliux, mitigates venereal pains. A confeCt'on is made of tho flowers called caryr.— Tha powder of the bark in vinegar, or the fallowing. of the kernel, dripped of iti red pellicle, or the powder of tho leaves mixed with lu.;ar, eafes pains in the belly. Their juice eafes venereal patns. In an infufion with' rice they dop fluxes. In cataplalms, they dedroy worms in old ulcers. CORIANDER. Coriaidrum. This plant is a native of Italy, but .is cultivated in- cur American gardens. Both the feed! and the effential oil aie stomachic, and carminative. The feeds htve been employed for inciding vifcid humouri in the ftomach, Tor expelling wind, the (pitting. of blood, and alvine fluxei ; and alfo the effential oil for tha fame purpofei. Dofe, of the feedi in powder, is from a fcrupls to a drachm. CORK-TREE. Suber. It is an evergreen kind of oak, which grows in the warmsr climates. The bark feparatei fpontaneoufty from the tree, and a new one follow). It ii thii bark '.hat is cut into corks, for tha flopping of bottler. CORN n6 COT CORN-MARIGOLDS. Jaiobira Alp-.na. 14- Called alfo fi if leavtd ir,;u;i.f.in rag-wort. It it nit uiLi m medic:.-)!-. The G;rn?.:ns, hu>vcve:, commend it in tho jaundice.. CORNELIANS. Sarda Lapidis. The Cornelian fton.es. Thii is a precious (tone found in South An*r:c*. Thctc are three kind-, the red, yellow, and white. "Of thefe (tones the jewellers generally make foali for watch a, &c. But they have no medical virtue, not- withstanding the whimfical nottoniofthe ancients, who fuppofcd it was aflringent. COSTMARY. Tanactlum Balfamita Mas et F :-.-..:< a. The male and female eoftiaaj-y. Linnaus calls the female acbilL&a agerattm, or maudlin..! Both of thofe herbs htiva nearly the lama virtues.1! Their leavet are efteemed antiheftne. Good in hy(- ' lerical affoCliont, tnd powarful correctors of tha cffaCtt cf opium. Dr. Lewis inr ormi", that t'.ofe plarti have been ufed as mild cc.-.xi.v. :>*-.,! ai;d ap-ricnts, i.i weaknrfs rf :ha ftomach, cbil'tiHions of the vifcera, and chgcbeCiic in- difpofitions ; and though at prefent difregarded, 1hey| prom.fe from thair ienfible qualities, 10 be medicines of-■ tome utility. The mate kind hat been r.-uch employed for culinary purpofet. Dofe, of the infufion or decoClicn, is .'.-cm a jill to hai. a pint. C O T S - E Y E S. Oculi 7"»„ ..;.■,.;;:. This is an article which belongs to the ra'neral kin?- notn ; it is found in-Sauth /.xc.;c3, C O f TON COW 117 COTTON TREE, And Wool. Bombax. Called alfo xylon, goffipium, and bombaft. There are thieo loitt of cotton trees. One creepi on the earth 1 ke a vine. The lecond ii thick like a bufhy dwaif tree, and the third ii as tall ai an oak. All tho three, after producing beautiful floweri, are loaded with a fruit ai large as a walnut, whole outward coat is blatk. When the fruit is ripe, il opens and dilcoveri toe cottons which ii (eparated from the (eedi by a mill. Thefe tiees grow in Carolina, Georgia, Ftorida, the Well la- dies, &c. The creeping kind affordt the bed cotton. Near Smyr- na, they fow the leedi in June, gather the cotton in Oc- tober, and have three ciops in a year. The Ik n of the feed is rnucilagmou', the kernel is fweet like an almond, and 111 virtues fimilar to marfh mallows. / If cot ten iiappliod to wounds it excites inflammation 5 and when worn next the fkin, it checks perfpiration. COUGAR. An animal of tho fur kind. COURBARIL. It is an American name for a tree which produces tha gum anime. It grows in many parts of the Weft Indies, whero it is called the hcuft tree. Vid. Anime. COW. Vid. Ox. C O W H A G fi. '.'. - Dolicbos. It ii the rigid down of the pod of a plant growing in the Welt Indies, and other warm climatcl, who.-o it is very ttoub!e(ome todoineftic animals ; at the/picula? oi the feed bag, when touched, excite! a very troubleloine itching. The fa nS COW Tntfojpiculat are a vary powerful anthelmintic. Tha fpicula of in: pod in moi-iues, is a dofe for an adult, to be repeated two or three, times in each morning, for feveral days. Sjint: g'vo a purgative alio.—Thelc fpicu- l/s oporao without any inconvenionty ; tuough they ;.iu.u;„ difagiasahle lenfaiiooa if touched externally*' COW-PARSNIP. Paftinaca Vaccina. Called t\lo fpboudyhum vulgare bifutum, 3r,dffondm,liu»;t ft branca urfina Germanicx. It grows in meadow, garden:, hedge-, and high ways. I havo feen a plenty cf it in i.'.a nih.i way, a&lwaca Briftol and Warren in the ftate of Rhode Iflind. Th i plant is fuppofed coin Ciiminaiive, nc. .'.r.e, an- lifeptic, and ami-hyfleric. D-. jofeph Grne, of I'.Uflachufetts, relates that a wo.. man was ,u, where a laxative is not receffary, but when that is ihe cafe, mzg- nefia alba is preferable. Dofe, of crab's c!a.:s, i» from a fcruple to a drachm. Crab's eyes ate a ftrong conciete found in the head or •ftomach of the river craw-fifh, gancially fomewhat larg- e> than a pea. They aie abforbent, and more aperient, and refolvent than at It of the other abforbent eatths. A>e good in aciditier, diarrhoea, and an acrimonicul fluor aiou=. Dofe, is from a fcruple to a drachm. CRAB APPLE. Vid. Apple Crab. C R A B - F I S H. Cancer. It ii amphibioui. Their flefh it bed in rummer ; and, in common with all (hell fifh, is u cful to all :ho(o whofe domach; abound with an acid. CRANE BERRIES. Uva Gruina. Crane berries ?rz of a red colour, and abou;. the fire of a S20 C R E a robin's egg, They grow on a low plant found in mead- dow ground!. They are antifcorbutic, good in the fcurvy, and fimi- lar complaints. They are much ufed at the table, and when eaton freely prove laxative. They are good ia feveri. CRANE'i BILL. Geranium. 68. The geranium Robertianum. Called Dei gratia. The Herb Robert. It it the only fort ufed in medicine. It it fomewhat ftyptic. C R A Y.FI SH. AJlaCus, or A Hocus Marinus. The Lobfter. Thii kind of tray.fiib is alcalefcant, and pcff-ffes«li tho advantages as Inch, that are attributed to the crab. , Vid. Crab-F,Jb. Ajlacus,ftuviatilis. The cervus or crai-fifh. Thele are found in riven, and are of the fame gener- al nature with crabs and lobfters. They afford the con. cretet called crab's eyes. Lobfters, crabs, and other cray-fifb are greedy of fl>*fh ; tiiey eat frogs, and if they meet a carcafs, though it ii out of water, they nover leave it until the whole it con- iumed, CREAM, Latin. Cream ii emollient, demulcent, and nutritious. It it ufeful in making divers kinds of ointment! ofa foftening nature. It is an antidote agar.fi poifon, the very bafii of butter, and very ufeful in divert kinds of cookery. CRESSES, WATER. Vid. Water Cre/fes. CROSS CRY ,-i CROSS WORT. Cruccata. z. It is fiS called becaufe the lezvsi are difpofed to form a crofl. Ti-io c-,iitr.- p. for: is called mugweeil. It grows in hedges and on the fides of field'. Ti.a leaves andflppi promote expeCtoia (hops, is called,'/-^ or rock- L cry,1 Cutumbers are commonly eaten with fait, pepper, and vinegar ; and tho addition of onions maket them more falulary. Cutumbers are alfo p:ckled with faTt, pepper, and vin- egar, for u'e in the winter feafon. * The feeds n■•»,• be given in emulfions againft acrimony and heat of u> -ii*. Ths defa of an erruTion ii from an ounce to one and an hii'if, CUCUMBER-TREE. Arbor Cucumis. CUD- W E E D. Gnaphalium. 7. C.vt'.H tvAeesed, ox fea cudweed, found by the fea. M?«t!tainCi.dic.'rd, or cai's foot, grows 011 mountain?. Golden cu'-:<.e.-J ; it i* cultivated in gatdens. All n-iecies of cudweed a'e drying, and have been ef- tecmeo gcod lot hopping fluxes and lacnorrhaget. CL'I P O U N A. A tiee growinr • -« Erafi'. But CUR ,a3 But we hear of no medical virtue belonging to it. C U L V E R's ROOT. Tho plant growi thiOe or four fact high ; hat a green leaf, (omewhat in tho form of thole of fcabifh.—The floweri are whit fh, and relembla the fuim of the too of a corn ft» k.—Tne rootit of a blackilh huo without, and brownilh with n. It ii good id 'crop'.ulous compla^-.ts, operate! as a ca- thattc, and may bo taken in dtc<.ition or in (ubitanc-. A tea (poor.ful 's a dole al a purge, A fraallcr it giv- en ai an alterative. CUP MOSS. Mu/cus Proculus. It growi on bank<. Three Torts of moffei were formerly ured in medic!*?, but they are not employed in the pielent practice. CURRANTS. Ribes. There ar; .wc kinds, the black and the ted, callad r/- bes - ..•.-*} a..d ribes rubruii. 1 y are cultivated in gardens, being refrigerant and anidtkalne. They are goo ;n faverr, and in all cafoi where vege- table acids are ..>■ TI vy. An an'e :i-!e wine is made by adding two quarti of tho jui ; of red currants, to two of v.vtcr, with tv.a pound" of fugar. After it has be?it kept a year, it bo- coth a very wholefome and agrr.-wb'e liquor. From black currants, an officinal fy i -j is prepared, and an intp'ffa'ed ju •.<, ^ood in recent catarrhs, atieccied with i. fl.g'it ioio throat. Dr. Cutler 'nformt, that an in'ufionof tho bark, fweet- ened wit1' hooey, is ufeful in forenefs of the thioat ar.d tonlili when fuppuratod. That a rob of tbojuce of the berrie-, with a fmall quantity of fugar, hat been ufed for inflammatory (ora throats; and alfo, that an infufion of the young (hoots il bsneficial in eruptive fevers. CURURU 1-4 C Y P CURURU APE. A fc tr.-lrnt. iree, which grows in Brafil, and bears pods with lec-U itke beam. Thclo (eeds deftroy fifh. CYDER. Pomaceum. Go:.d pleifant cyder is cordial, and sntifcoibutic ; be- :rg i very wholo:ome lquor for moft conditutiont. It it veiy irrviceable in fcoibu'.ic and melaneholiy habiti ; and if mixed with, and fwectcnod with fugar, or molaff- es, ;t ra.kcs a very falutaty lquor for people in the heat cf fummer, Thofe who drink cyder, or water, can live longer in the cold, than thofe who drink ardent fpiriti.1 Some of our phyficians have direCled cyder indead off wine for their patient! in fevers. G.nger added to cyder t .. eCti its windinefs, and maket it mote br fk. Cyder tffords excellent vinegar. On being diftilled it pioduces a fpirit called cyder brandy. This, by age, becomes a pleafant liquor, which many drink indead of rum or brandy. It appears to me, that cyder it a preventative againft v iriout difeafes ; for I have obferved, that families whoj Make it their condant drink, are not fo fubjtct to fevers,] r': ir n -lien, and other putrid diforders, as thofe who live wthnut i'. Wiry, made bv turning milk with cyder, is a more a- gieeabc drink for patients in fevers, than that turned wtlh w:;*e. CYML1NGS, Cucurbits Veru.cofa. ■ A fpecies of mclopeoo, or fquafha;. Vid. Squajh. CYPERUSTREE. Arbor C\perus. Soma cill th's vee white wood. Dr. Cyril Carpenter informed me, that the bark of the tool of tli s tree, is i,rom»t:c, and a good ftoma'chic. CYPRESS. DAN lt6 CYPRESS. Cypreffus. An Engllfh name for a genus of treat, called cuprejfus,- including the eyprefs tree, &c^ DA I S Y, COMMON.. Common Daily. Btllis M. ;or. Called alfo bruife wort. The leaves and flowers Icofen the belly, and are good for dfeafet ariftng from the drinking of cold liquors when the body it hot. The plant is an excellent antifcorbutic. DAISY, GREAT. The Great Daify. Belli s Major. Called alfo the great ox-eye daify, o>:-eye, and maud- lin wort. it grows in corn fields, and dry palture grounds. The leavei have been called ciutetic, .r.c i:r.;i .Tth ■ matte. DANDELION. Lecntodcn Taraxacum, Lin. The roots and leaves are llimulant, deobfttuent, ca- thaitic, diuretic, attenuant, and antalkaline. They are good in obliiuClion-of tha vifcera, infarc- tions of tho iiver, to purge off the bile, adhma, cough, dropfy, fcirrhiofities of the liver, flonas in (he gal' blad- der, alcites, jaundice, coftiveneit, and tuborcies of th'o lungi. A decoCtion of the root is alfo good in impetigo, the itch, ftoneinthe kidniet, dropfy, and indurations of tha live:. Dofe, of the juice, from two to four ounces in whs/, or a one. Of the infufion or decoCtion, from four to fix ounce', thrice in a day by itieif, or in whey or broth. L 2 Of. 1*6 D E A Of the watery extract, from two to four tea fpoonfuli every morning. DATE TREE. DailylaS P.tlviwa, Called alfo pa/ma major, palma daRylifera. The great pj'm tree, or date tree The ftuit it oblong, larger than an acron, including a ftone. They aro moderately aftringent, and eaten at food by tro negroes. DAULONTAS. An American fhrub, which Semery fayi, poffetTes the propertias of camomile, and that its berries relieve afth- mat, &c. DEADLY ARSMART. Vid. Spotted Arfmart. DEADLY NIGHTSHADE. Belladonna. i i Atropa Bellaiona Lin. i Called z\fofo!anu»i let hale or dwale. It grows wild in fhady wafte ground'. *» The leaves taken internally prove highly deleteriotWf but if properly managed, fudorific, diuretic, cathartic, taltvant, narcotic, and fometimes emetic. Externally refrigerant-, refolveni, and difcutient, ac- cording to D:, Lewis. Deadly tight jkade, in too large dofes, produces giddt. ne's, f.r-el wind, help flatulent cholict, and indi. gall ion, from laxity, and vicidity. Tr.o diddled water it good for the fame diforden, as well as the cflsntial oil, which is alfo ufeful in the hie cousin. L> ofe, of the effential oil, is from two drops to four, in fugj-. Of tho feeds, one drachm. DOCK, BROAD-LEAVED. Lapatbum Vulgare. Broad Leaved Dock. The leaves have a four tafte. The root is bitter and aftringent. In France it is ufed for the fame purpofot at tho great water dock, whiehfee. The. American! boil the leaves of bread leaved dock, and ufe them for a pot heib. DOCK, COMMON. It is the broad leaved, juft mentioned. Vid. Deck, Broad Leaved. DOCK, J30 DOC DOCK, SHARP POINTED. O: !JT-=rp Pointed Dock. Lt bathum Acutum. Toe rooti are aft'indent, laxative, and (lengthening, T..e leaves are ufd ?- pot herbs ; and (ometimes, ai well as their roots, for curing the itch. DOCK. SOUR. tt ii the broad leaved kind, jud mentioned. J DOCK, WATER. Cr Warrr Dack. Lct.xbum Aqua.icum Magnum. T^e great Water Djck, Called alfo rumcx aquaticus, et hydrolapatbum. It growi about i. and other watery grounds. The leaves are two or tbroe feet long, and it u the largest fpcciet of dock I ever law. The leaves re laxative and antifcorbutic. TheroQj it antlicorbutic and annfeptic. Thela rood ate excel- lent in t'ie 'curvy, and cutaneous diforders, if iniernaily given \j, a ci-lly applied, in ointments, cataplafm*,. lotiont, or fomentations. A tl-.j.-.g dacoClion of the outer bark, dopt the eajing ofu'jsium the mouth and tonfils, and cures fpungy gums. Dr. Boerhaave commended it for fcorbutic and rheu- matir, compla-i-ti, r.t.ft uCtiont of tha vilcera, and cuta- neous difordori. dncrs lay it promotes diction and hc!;>s fli'n'cnces. Dr. XLthtrby rola'es, 'hat the powder of the dried root it, a powerful anttfoptic, which is ufetut in nervous cafes, and that it is a good fubft tuto for the Peruvian- bark. D . Cutler informs that the Ind;ans have ufed the root with great (uccets in cteanfing foul ulcers. That a de- coCtion of it, cured an ill conditioned ulcer in the mouth, that had deftroved the palaie ; it was drank every day, and the pai t aff-Clid walhad with the fame. An effmce has alio been procured from tho bark of ihe D O G ,8, tho root, faid to be mora afficacioui in tha euro of the fcurvy than Ihe root itfelf. Dr. Motkerby recommend* the following decoCtion, viz. Boll half a pound of the bark of the root in fix pinti of water, till one third it confumed. Then (train the 1 quor. Dofes. Tha dofe it half a pound, luke warm, three or four time! in a day. Of the root in powder, from one drachm to two, twico in a day. Of the frefh root in broth, apozems, or infufad in wine, or ale, from one to two ounces. Of the elfence, a tea fpoonful. DOG. Cam's, Gloves made of degs'-Jkins are worn by fome people, to keep the fktn fmootfi and cool ; for they retl-Ct tho heat of the fun oack again, like other fmooth, poiilhed bodies. Tho biles ot mnddogs are very dangerous, but 1 (hall not fay much upon tha (ubjeCt in thii place.—The trial ofol.ve o:l is recoinmeadod ciota internally -and exter- nally ; and alfo mercurials. D O G - G R A S S. Gramen Caninum. Vid. Grafs. DOG-ROSE. Cynofbatus. Rofa Sylvefire, Wild Rofe, Rofa Canina, Lin. The fruit is called hips. The dog ro'e il a wild brta', cal'ed tho hip-tree. It is the largell p'ant of the rofe kind. It growl wild in hodgar. The fl v.veri are more laxative t':an the dimilk rore; a■•.•-! >r'. nvldly corroborant and aftiingent. Tho fruit it co irg and i-ilrir-.^ent. A c;*n orve it made of the fru!', which il cal'"'' con- ferva cynsfbati, or conferve of hipi, which it preparii by # mixing !3« DR'A mixing a pound of the pulp of the ripo fruit,-with twen- ty ounces r.f white fugar. Tho pulp u to ba well freed from tho p' ckly fibrei, with which the infido of the fruit ii lin^d, for if they are retained in the conferva, they will in Hato the ftomach, and excite vomiting. Thii conferve is good in hot difpofitionl of tha flotn- ach, fharpncu M urine, and bilious fluxel. The dofe is from three to four drachms. DOG WOOD. ToxiCondendron. A poifon tree, well known in America. The oil of olives, both internally and externally, is a good remedy againft this poilon. The bark of tho root of one fpecies of dog wood, hsi been given in powder, for tho euro of intermitting ajri other feveri, indead of cort. Peru. The dofe ii a fcruple. DRACON'i HEAD. Dracocephalon, vel Pfeudo Digitalis* American dragon's head. The flower referable* th: mouth of a dragon when it il open. D R A G O N's ROOT. Arum Virginianum. This root is found in Virginia, New-England, &c. The plant s a fpecies of arum, whoie virtues are fim- ilar to wake robbin, but fomewhat ftronger. Dragon root is a powerful ftiraulant, attenuant, diuret- ic, and diaphoretic. It ilimulatoi tho folidt, attenuatai the vifcid fluids, and promotei the natural lecrottoni, u f^v at, urine, &c. It ui good in cold, languid, phlegmatic habits, in relax- ations and weaknef* of the ftomach, catarrhs, cacbejiy, chlorofit, loft of appetite, jaundice, intermitting difeafes, hydaric and hypochondriac complaints, rheumatic painii and obftinato head aches, unattended with a fever. The root fhould bo ulcd frefh, becatjfe by drying it loofes its virtue. Doju. EAR ■33 Dofe. Of tha frefh root, from eight graimjo 16, rub- bed with two fcruples of gum Arabic, one of fperrra- cati, and a fufficient quantity of white fugar. Tho doia ii to be repeated two or three times in a day, and tha patient kept warm, DRANK. Vid. Grafs, Wild. DUCK. Anas, Tho fltfh of tame ducks is cot fo proper for cold, we---k ftomachs, which abound with an acid, as th-at of it wild kind ; for the latter is alkalo'cen*, and p-Tleff s u,c virtuos of wild fowls in general. DU C K's FOOT. Vid. Black Snake Ro>t. DWARF HONEY SUCKLE.- Ccimira-Tin^a Brafilie. '.':.<:. It is a fpecies of a dwatf kind of honey dukie. ti**. Wilh in Brafil. But its viitues, if it ::.i any, at; :i,t mentioned. DWARF SUN FLOWER. Olelifcoibeea, The dwarf American fun flower. There are twcr-lpecies ; one from Virginia, the other from Caiolina, They are of no medical u'e. EARTH W O R M S. Lumhricus Terreflris. They have b::n called antifpafmodic and d '.ir-t'c. They were formerly employed for the choi.e, g<».\', palfy, epilep'v, cramp, co-ivulftont, and lor the. cute of (l:ff joints. Trsey wire fuppoled ;o be js good for in- ternal ufe as fna'lr. However, they do no; fcc-i :o be much u ed ij .he prs'erit praciirc. M D ■:■, EEL D.., in powder, from half a drachm to a drachm, w:,:a dried,' EBONY. Baubinia. 7. Mountain Ebony. Fa'he- Pluv.mer gave this name in honour of John and C'jfar B.ui. r.c. This tree is found in Amazonia. EBONY-TREE. The Macow or Ebony Tree. r. Ci;;'cr^ palma haira, palma Americana fp'inofa, palm* P- fii.-ev.fs jexea atri, palma partcricenfisjpinojifjima viniftrm^. 1: grows in America ; tho wood is fo very black and hecvv as to fink in water. It is chiefly ufed in mechan-1 if, and is hardly known in medicine. ' •SECHIUM. C;: led edulis or chocho. It growt in tho Ifland of ja-. i*",nc-. Tiic vines fpread vaiy much. The boiled fruit i.. M-;i as g'ecn . The root of tho old vinet is fome- v, hat 1 ke a y. m ; boiled or roafted, it has a mealy tafte, 1 a? E E L. 1" e -, tic fcur kiidj ; tha common, called .■.tipullh. V. eClrca',— • irpoi f: c. Ltm-.vey,—,nu.-aena fit- ft til.;, i',rlcorif,- —tO'gius, and -; I tii'it the '■•-. e :—'he fjrr.e -ed touched with i>n nor. :c ', r.cH '-1 tl.c '-and of a ;.er(on wbci'c other hand ELD 'So band is joined to another, &c. com-nunicates a violer.-. fhock to ten or twelve perlons thus joining ham!-, in a manner exactly fimilar to that of the eleCtr c :r,..>:-: trie. No fhock is perceived by holding the hand in i-io wa- tor near the fifli, when it is neiiler cMr-leafec nor ttucr - ad ; but if it is angry, it can give a ihock to a ptifou et five or fix inches diftar.ce. Thii fhock is produced by ihe em Gion of e tHi^ par'ic';-, which the fifh difcharget at pleafuie. On the death of tho animal no eleCtric prrri; :y tc- mains, and then the Indians eat it. Tr.c lamprey eel ii caught in rivets. S.nioeat tl.cfe kind of eels. The conger eel, or anguilla marina, ii a large fea eel. Jt il often called the fea lerpaot. Its form is like that of ihe common eel, but it is m: r '< larger, being five or fix feet 1'jn^, and aa ■;:.'.!:. ^. . thigh. EGGS. Ovum, Egg Sheets.—Anatum. Botb the v.hites and yoiks of eggs are hi'hlv ru'i:. tioul. They are the mod wholefome rav.>, or tak-'i t-i wino. They are piincipally ufed in die:. T.2 Ihellt burnt, have the property of quick lime. Vid. Lime. The yolks, whites, and limo, have been uled ia fomo officinal compofitiens. ELDER, BLACK. Sambucus Nigrus. Black Elder. Thii it a bufh well known. The inner green batk is a gentle cathartic. Thr.t t !:. en from the (hoots when a year old iiefte-med heft. The young buds, or tudiments of the leavr*, aie fo vi- olently purgative, that thoy are efteemed unf.ic, The floweri are aporient and laxative. The rob of the berriei is aporient, refolvent, puni- tive, diuretic and fudorfic. An infufion or decoClion of the bark in- wine, or tho l:e.ii. 136 ELD fiefhju ce, purges moderately, openi obftru&ions, and I umotet tho fluid leciotions. Ii is called good in tha cioufy. Ti e frefh leaves and an ointment made of the inner baik helps burnt. An infufion of the flowers loofens the belly, and when dr., promotes fweat ; and thut prove beneficitl in cu- t.n»ous eiuptions, and tho St. Anthony's fire. A.o ointment made of the flowers, ii moie eiEcacioui than that of the inner bark. Tho flowers kill turkiei, ,..:; iho leaves drive away mice ; and being laid round t - cumbers, melons, cabbages, &c. prevents infefls from cc • > ing thofe plants. 'i'.-e following mixture is excellent in the dropry, v'z. Put an ounce of the inner bark of elder into a chi. r t balon, add a jill of boiling water, and a few whole i -.iiav.ay leads.—Let it ftand eighteen hours, and then) iq-ierza out tho liquor, it is a brifk cathartic and di«J L . t'. i l'. If 11.e berries are eaten they offend the ftomach. 1 'ihe 10b openi obftru&ions of the vifcera, promotaj tho natural evacuations, is good in chionic difordenj lecent e-jldt, to purge the belly, and promote fweat and urinr. Dc/'e, of the infufion of the bark in wine, or thejuice,' is in :n half an ounce to an ounce O' an cunce of th* baik boiled in fix ounces of water, wi.ii a fcruple of c;nnamon, and fifteen grains of the fait tf wormwood. This is all to betaken for a dofe in tha mc rnv-g. But it may be taken without adding the cin. namon and fall. O the rob of the berries, from a drachm to an ounce d ff-lved in broth, or diluted with water, may be taken ;t !vd time. Or the infufion with carraway feeds, from one to two table fpconfuls, twice or thrice in a week. ELDER, DWARF. The Dwarf Elder. Samlucus Bbulus. I* is alfo called wall-wort, and dame wott. The icc'.f, bark, and leaves, are ftrong cathartics. Tha baik, E L E '.%'. bark of tho roots is the ftronged, the leavoi the weakefl. A rob it prepared of tho berries. Tho leaves, rooti, or bark, it good in the dropfy, if the liver is found, butunfafe if an aicites follows a jaun- dice. They often produce naufea, fo cetiraes violent vomit- ing, and great uneafinefs in the bowels, but by bo In -t become milder. But they are all too violent for ;;t'.-,■-' ufe. The berries are lefs purgative than the other parts cf the plant. Dofes, of the rob, as a purge, one ounce. As an al- terative, a drachm or two. Of the dried bark of the root, as a cathartic, from a drachm and an half, to two Ciach-^t. Of thejuice, from five to fix drachms, it operates - roughly. ELDER, RED SERRIED. The Red Berried Elder. Sambucus Bacca rubra. This kind of el.Lr it faid to be r-oiio.nu'. Children who have eaten the riti ..: have beea fo 23J with a violent vomiting and puign . ELDER, WATER, Sambucus Aou'tcLus. Water Elcer. No medicinal virtue is mem.'or,/:■.'., ELECAMPANE. Encula Campena. This plant is fo well known that it needs no .iclc-ip- tion. Tho roots are ais-iipharmic, axpcCloranf, atieoua r laxative, ftomachic, diuretic, and diaphoretic They attenuate vifcid juicos, promote expect nation in humoural coughs and afthmas, excite urino, and inlenh- ble porfpiration, and gently loofen tho UI \. It ai. 1 Ihengihens the ftomach, and tor.e of the v.'<.-„-.■ for •• ft'hic.o purpose tha candied toots may oc l^.k-.n. i jS ELM An infufion of the roots, fweetoned with honey, helps. tl.a whooping cough. The fiefh roott, beat in a mortar, with new butter, and applied externally, is (aid to cuio the itch. Dye, of tho powder of tho root, fiom a fcruple to a d'*cnm. Of the decoCtion, when two ounces of the roots have !: 1 law ore in London, that was brought from bey oriel! the Miflifiipi river. ■- Tiie hoof of the hind foot on the left fide, hat been celebrated for tha cure of the opileply, from a ridicule notion that the elk hiinfeif it lubjeCl to diforders of thjtl k nrt, and that he prevents or removes them by fcutcIT :r.,: hi: car with his hoof. f'-at hojf fhould bs chofen which ii heavy,compac] fmotnh, bright and black. The hoofs have been ufoi ■:. (orr.c medicinal compofitions. ELM, COMMON. :■> Vlmus Vulgaris. Common Elm. This it a largo tree, growing in many parts of America; m ; ihe people frequently fet them out near their houfes, where they aie cultivated for ftiadet. Tho timber it ufed \-.r many purpofei, and the inner bark for bottoming ct a is. if it hai any medical virtue, it remains unknown.. ELM, RED. Red Elm. Vlmus Rubrus* END *39 ELM, SWEET. Vlmus Dulcet. Sweet Elm, or Slippery Elm. Thii is a large tree, not fo plenty ai the common fort. The inner bark ii emollient and of great ufa in medi- cine. - It is good in various chronical, cutaneous eruptions, and the leprofyof the Indians ; in a fuppreflion of urine, dropfy, inflammationi, and hard tumours. When pow- dered and mixed wi'o meal, it hat been uled as biead in timas of fcarcity. it may be uled in decoCtion or infu- fion internally, and at a fomentation externally. At firft it maket the lepiofy appear worfe, if it it like to do good. Whild the patient takei it brifk purges are to be omitted. Doje, of the deccClion, half a pint. ELM, WHITE. White Elm. Vlmus Albus. EMBYAYEMBO. The name of a plant which growi in Brafil. But no virtue it mentioned. EMERALD. Smaragdus. It ii a precious done of a green colour ; they are tha fourth in hardnefs from diamonds. They are not ufed in medicine. ENDIVE. Endivia. Thii is a common culinary plant, which rofsmbles fuccory, Tho feeds ara ranked among the four leffor cold feeds. The plant is cooling and aperient, being nearly of the fame quality of fuccory. It allays heal, reftraint the or- ganilm of bilious humours, unites with the fbarp falts, and 140 FEA and highly exalted fulpherof the blood, and carrieilhem off by (tool and urine. It u good in burning, bilioui, and inflammatory feveri, and to flop haemorrhages. The leods are ufed in emuifioos, and in cooling emol- lient gly Iters. The bruifed herb, applied outwardly, abates inflamma- tions. Dofe. Four ounces of the puiifiedjuice, may be taken thrice in a day. ERVADO CAPITAON. The name of a plant in Brafil. Called alio cotyledon ripens Brafdienfis. No virtues are . meniionod. EUNONYMOIDES. j Canadcnfts. "fl A plant growing in Canada, mentioned by BoerhaavtM but of no medical virtue. EVER GREEN SPINDLE TREE. J Euonymus. 10. , Called alfo tetragonia,fufanus,nndfufaria, prick-wood-]! and fpindle tree. The wood has been made into fpin- dles in France and Germany, whence the natntt fufanus, and fufaria. The ftuit ii emetic and cathartic, and if powdered, and fprinklcd in the hair, killt lice. EYE-BRIGHT. Euphralia, 3. It ii a mild corroborant, and lightly aftringent. It hai been much extolled in diforcert of the eyo . Some : take it in infufion, others ufe the powder as (nuff, for."1! dim-fightedneff« FEATHER FEW. Called »\(o feverfew, Matricaria vulgaris. Common featherfenv is a warm aperient, carminative bit- ter.—It drengthens Ihe ftomach, expels wind, promotes Iho manfos, k:l|t worms, andallays hyftarical complaints. Dtfis, FEN i4l Dofes, of the leaves in powder, from 20 to 30 grains. Of thejuice, from one ounce to two, FEATHER, WILD. Matricaria Sylveftris. It grows wild in hedges and uncultivated places. It has the virtues of the former, which fee. FENNEL, COMMON. Fatniculum Vulgaris. Common Fennel. This plant is a native of the fouthern parts of Europe, but is cultivated in our gardons for culinary and other purpofes. The roots are one of the five opening roots. They are aperient and diuretic. The feeds are carminative. _ The roots promote urine, and help the (tone in tho kidnies and bladder. They are often prefcribed in do- tergtng drinkt and decoftiom. Tho feeds expel wind, help naufea, and loathing of food ; and being eaten in the morning fafting, are laid to help the e,e fight. The dofe of the feeds is from one to two fcruplei ia fugar. FENNEL, SWEET. Sweet Fennel. Fatniculum Duke. This plant is alfo cultivated in our gardens, and tha feeds are better for medicinal purpofei, than thofe of the common fennel. They are carminative, and domachic, alfo a dirnulat. ing diuretic. Some fay they are attenuant and fudorif. ic. They are ranked among the four greater hot feeds. The root is one of the five opening roots, and is call- ed a grea> ami nephritic. Tho effential oil is expeClorant and carminative. The feeds attenuate vifcid humours, expel wind, help the ftomach, and promote utine and fweat ; are good in the fmall pox, meaftsi, malignant fevers, ficknels, belch- ing, 142 FE'R ing, heivinefs, tenfion, inflation of the ftomach, liftlefj. nofi, fleepinefs, head ache, tough phlegm, indigeftion, flatulent cholic, afthma, obftinato coughs, and dimnifj cf Cght. They promote tha generation of milk, by ren~ dering the chyle more flu d. The rooti are good for tha above complaints, for pains. in tbe k< iniei, and the ftrangury. The effential oil promotes expectoration, expels wind j and helps fome kinds of cough. Dote, of the feeds, from half a drachm to a drachm, ini fjgar or wine. Of the oil, from a to 12 dropi in fugar. FENNEL, WATER. Aqua Fcenicui Du'cts. Sweet Fennel Water. It is obtained by d It ilir.g a pound of the bruifed feedflj in water enough to pisvent banning ; and by drawios eff a gaiion. It has the virtue of the feedi, A fmall glafs ii a dofe. FERN, FEMALE. Female Fern. 9, Hog's Brake. Vid. Brake. FERN OF FLORIDA. Filex Floridaf.i. Called alfo ofmunda regalis, Lin. Ofmund royal. Tne flowering, fern, Itii the laigeft of the true Engdfh ferns. It glow, in maifhy, boggy grounds. J£ The roots have the virtuet of the following fpecies I but a conferve of the tender buds or heads is belt. Vid, F.r.i, Malt. ''] F £ R N, MALE. The Male Fern. Called in New EagUad fweet forn. fi[;odium flu mas. Thofs FIG 14J Thofe ferns that bear dowers are the moft anti Coptic, and lubaftringent. The roots are anthelmintic. Some give a powder oJ thefe roots for the deftruCtion and expulfion of wormt ; but calomel, and fome times other purgatives, are given to expel thefe animals. Some efleam it good in the rickets. Dr. Motbcrby fays, that a conferve of theflo of the other fweet fruits. They loofen the belly, and operate without griping ; and art employed inpaCtotal decoCliont, and in the lenitive elec- tuary. Externally, they are good in cataplafm!, for foftehing hard inflammatory tumours, and promoiing (uppuration. Internally they naturalize alcalefcent iubftancei in tha prima via, FILBERT. Called alfo Filbrsd. It is the fruit of the corylus ot hazel. Vid. Hazel Nuts. FIR-TREE. Abies, et Pinus Abies, This is a tall tree growing in Canada, Nova Scotis,i New England, &c. It affords a fine balfam. Vid. Balfam, of Fir. FIRE STONES. Pyretes. Called alfo rr.nrchaftia, and fire lloncs, becaufe they , ftrike fire with ftc^l. By expofing them to the air they become vitriolic; fome are calcined, and than expofed to the air. They are found near tho furface of tho earth, having different forms and colours; and confid chiefly of ful- pher, iron, and metalic earth. In the yellow fort there it much fulpher, in the white but little, and in fome, a fmall quantity of copper. When fire dones ato expofed to the air, the inflam- mable part of the fulpher it diffipated, the ftonei become powdery, and acquire a vitriolic tads ; the ra n now falling on them, -.vafhss away tho remaining acid of tho fulphurous contents, and tho vcflels are placed under. neath to recetvo it ; and from thit green vitriol it mada frequently, Pjritestte not ufed medicinally in fubftance, but in Saxony FLA 145 Saxony they obtain common fulphur from them ; art fi- cial vitriols are prepared from them, and i: it luppnicd that chalybeate (pringa icceive the r impregnation fn.n them ; and it is generally believed in Gieat Brita n, tr-at thecelebiatcd mineral waters in the famous city of Bah, receive the'r heat by tunning over vad beds of Pyrites. FISTULA CASSIA. Wild Honey. Vid. Caffia. FIVE FINGERS. C'l'ed alfo quinquefolium, a,id penlapbylLm ; and l>ke- wifepclentilta reptans, Lin. alfo cinqucloil. It 11 a trailing plant which grows wild in palluie;, in many parU of /ime-ic?. The roots a:u m id.y aftringent. They are good in fluxes, colliquative dianaeha^, intermitting a.i. acua feveri, and in gargarifms for ftrengtbenii.g the gun» an 1 ether pai:-. But r\ there are mon! powei tul o. Of the internal part, two disc.icit. FLAG, COM M O N. Common Flag. Iris Vulgaris. Called alfo iris Geraanica, Lin. Iris r.f.\.s purpurea, Lewis. Flower de luce. Common iris, or orrit; or the com- mon purple flower de iuca. It ii a native of the mountainous parts of Garcany, but is cultivated in our gardeis. Tho roo' is a ftrong in hating cathartic. The expreff-d juica fiat ba^n gven in the dropfv, hut it mudba weil ciluc-d wit.n wine or wa.er, oth.r.v.ic it Will mflamt-the tiiroa'. Dr. Tracy of IJont.cCt cut, ir.form-d ire that a decoc- tion of the root cured a woman of the hits venerea, when meicutiali failed ; and that the p-:p;eon li^M.on'a riv- N c-, 146 FLA cr, uTe it with great fuccefs in ihe fmall pox, omitting ihe ufe of all other remedies Dofe, of thejuice, from two to four drachmi, diluted with water. Of the powder of the dried root, from two to four (duplet, FLAG, B L U E. Blue Flag. Iris Fcstida. It it a wild fpecies of iris, called blinking gladdan, fpu'ge won, or gladwyn. it grows in hedges, thickets, and moid grounds. Tha leaves are fna.-per pointed than the common flower da luce. The roots are diuretic, but the.y are not much ufed in the pie'ent practice. Some fay the plant is poilonous, FLAG, SWEET. Sweet Flag. Calamus Aromaticus, el Acorus Aromatkus, Lin. The root is an elegant aromatic, ftomachic, and car. *niinativr. 1 It piomotes the flu:d fecretions, dimulates a.nd prodo-j ces agtecabio lenfations in the mind, and is good in gin-j grenec. i; lliergthens the domach, refolves obftruClions, ex- pet* *ind, eafes griping pains, and promotes urine and the menles.—The candied root has been ufed to keep off xp dern'c difc*fe?. Dofe, of tho root in powder, from 12 to 30 grains, in infufion, from one to two drachm'. FLAG, YELLOW WATER. The yellow water Flag. Iris paluflris—!\iV..-. : ■ ■'" ! Flint flones a;s very hard and compaCt, being of afOlid ftiuct.ir':, inveftad with an outward' cru'X ; and cither liarilpaient or lemitran paicnt, ■ .. . They weie formerly uled in med cine, hut having hft vinuc, aie not employed in. ilie pieleht praitxe. Theirs i fe it now principally confined to the maktog of glafi, and an li iui f-: n-, for whicn ihoy are bo'tler llian other material, u.^-l for fuch purpoics. ' F LIP. '- ■' TV; kind ofliquor is' made by pii'.rirstta fpoonful of br< -• ,i lugtr into about five or fix jilli ofmaU hear, v.f- ch s then watmed by putting a hot"iron into if,call- el a-loj-^er-Iiead ; afterwards, half a runt of rumor btaniy ;« added, and the mixture well itirred with a Iprm. Then a litlle nutmeg it grated on the top, which n ^kos the ftp fit for ufo. 1 his quantity is enough for Four men. It is nouvrfh- ing urta itrengthening, out in fome cor.itiiu'.tuns it ex- c;,et a pain in the head, and alfo corpu;ency. Fl•/• is al \i made with f.yuce bear, indead of malt, anu then it is tailed ealLbbgti,. FLOW ER-D E- LU C E. I'ii. flag, Common. FLOWER- FOX '-to FLOWER.FENCE. Poinciana. Called tlfofrutex pavoninus ; crijla pavonis ; acatit or- bit Americani ; erythroxylon, &c. It growi in tho Stianifh Well InJiai ; iti feed-pods,. infufed with galls, affjrd ihe bed of black ink. FOSSILS. Foffils cortfift of things dug out of the earth, as meials, ftonos, lalts, earths, or other mineraU. Thele aro call- ed natural foffils. Bat fomo ver>c;ab!fl and animals by being buried in tho earth, becoma extraneoui/c^K-,* a» treat, herbaceoui plants, and corals ; alfo fea (halls, tho tei-th or bony palatet and bones of fifties, complete fifties, and bonet of land animals. Thefo things have been fuppofed to be fi'ft lodged in the bowels of the earth, by tne genetal daluge, and by earthquakes, &c. Ai to their ufet in medicine, they are various, accord- • ing to their d.fftrent qualities. F O W L- M E A D O W-G R A S S. Poa Aviariafpicalisfubbiftorii. Thii kind of grafi is much cultivated in moid lands,, iu many paitt of America. It makes good fodder for cattle. FO X. Vnlpes. The Giay and the Red. This animal it of the dog kind, and botb the red ani the gnyfoxtt are frequently caught in trap*, and lume- time* (hot by the burners in America. They c't 1 daf- troy lambs, geefe, ooultry, &c. Tnetr Juris uied by the hatters, and their fkini by the gloveis. A fox in tho firft year is called a cub ; in the /econd, a fox ; and afterwards 2n old fcx. N z . F.O X. '5° FOX FOX GLOVE. Digitalis. This plant growi wild in gravelly grounds, in fome places, and it is alio cultivated in garcens. The leaves are a violent emetic and cathartic, and aKo a powerful diuretic. Thry have been given in iho drop. fy, fpitting of blood, conlutnplion, madnefs, and epilep. I;, »r d 1...V3 been applied externally for fcrophulous tu. t >ur.». it is a medicine that ought to bo ufed with groat cau- tion, by reafon of Ihe violence ot it! action. The weak- ly ought not to venture upon its ufe. I: is covtimiI' flow in iti operation, and it renders the pu:!e il .,-,. In fome it producei a vertigo, dimnefs of fight, and difagrecabie affcClions of the ftomach, kid- r.ies, and bowels. In which cafe its ufe it to ba fulpend- ed. » r ' A youth who had taken a weak infufion of the leavei without any remarkable effeCl, took fix' grunt of iha powder in the morning, which produced in lh« lub(L quent evening, horrible anxiety, violent vomiting, thsti continued altnoft through the night, during which time, icpeated doles of iho tbabaic tinCturc were ..given, but] ej-Cted. | Tho dofes ■;-s:cfore ought to be fmall, and not cften j repeated. I This mi-dicine hai produced copious evacuations of water by duo! and urine, in dropfies, and it good in crop- fiesof the nioaft. D-, Rufh (uppofet, it acts only by leffening the aCtioa ' o' :;,a utteria! fyftem, by iti fedativo quality, indead of \ i.s o jerain-r at a dtura'ic. And be thinks it may be ufe- j fjl in dropiiej of too much aClion, cu. hurtful and daq- g-u-us to thofe "of an atonic nature. T*o drachmi of the leavei «say ba infufed in a.pint \ of water. ■ . . . Fifes, Of th-- leaves in fubftance, from two to three gia ,i«, to be taken at bedtime. Oi tho watery infufiin, half in -ounce every two" hc-uri till it opcra'cs. • . Somot me. it exc.ta* vomiting and purging, but for tho mod p-it a copicul difcharje of urino. FOX! ve*j A bit] F U M FO X TAIL. *«' Vid. Grafs. FR AN K LI N-T REE. Arbor Franklinia Aldtamaha. No medicinal virtues are mentioned. FROG. Rana. There are divers kinds of frogt, at the common frig, the bullfrog, the fpeckled frog, and the tree frog, Toe bull frog, makes a noife that releoables the roar- ing of a bull at a diftance, whence the name. It fro. quenly fwallows younj-duckt, and other water fowls. The treefreg livei in the treet. The common frog wat formeily ufed ai an antidote a- giinft the fvtes nf all kinds of ferponts, for ftiffnefi of the tendons, &c. but it is now out of ufo, FUMATORY. Fumaria Officinalis, Lin. Common Purple Fumatory, This plant grows in fhady grounds. To leavei are aperient, rafolvent, laxative, attenuant, diuretic, antifcorbutic, and corroborant. They open obflruCtions of the vifcera, refolvo vifcid ju'caf, gently loofen tho belly, promote urine, and tha "other natural fecretiom, purify tha blood, and ftrength. en the fy'lem. It ii good in obftruClions of the vifcera, fcotbutic, cu- tan-Tj' and melafncholic diforders. D . Molberby fays, that the whole herb il diuretic, re- (clvent, and loofen;ng. Difts, of the juice, from tr ree to fix ounces. O' the powder, from half a drachm to two drachm;. Of tha dacoft'on of the leavei, from two to three feand'-'uls may ba toiled and jiven. F U M A T O R Y, GAL FUMATORY, BULBOUS ROOTED. Or Bulbous Rooted Fumatory. Fumaria Bulbofa. The great bulbous fumatory, or hollow root. It grows in moid fhady place.-, anu its chief fenlible qualities confid in its bitternefs. FUSCUE GRASS. JEgylops, Feliuco. Or Fefluca, alfo /Egihps. It is the great wild oat graft, or drank. It grows in hedges and by the fides of fieldi, in the- northern patti of America. By culture it becomes a fpociei of corn. It thrivee> belt in water, grows like cat-, but iti quality is more of- lhe rice kind, A deccClton of the roots kills wormr. There ieem to be feveral fpecies. FUSTIC WOOD. Flavum Lignum. Yellow Wood. Called alfo lignum noHratibus, tatai-ibi, xanthoxylum. Fudic wood, or fuftic dee. lt grows plentifully in Jamaica. It is ufed by dyer»V for ftaining a yellow colour, but it ii not noted in medi- cine, GALLS. Gallae. They are the produCt of the oak tree, and the ftrong. eft aftringent belonging to tho vegetable kingdom. Galls have been given in intermitting fevers, diarihce- as, dylenterias, and h-ernorrhages. I; is (aid that they have cured intermittent! when iho Peiuvianbark failed. Their powder, mixed with hog's lard, hai been recom- mended as a very effectual remedy in painful haemor. rboidt. A decoCtion of gal's ufed as a fomentation, and femi- cupium bath ii good for prolapfiom cf the rcCtum and utorus ; and to reitrain dtfUCtiont in ihofe parti. They G A R 153 They are alfo ufed in the making of black ink. Dtfes, of the powder, from so ocd in fcurvtes, obftruClions of the glands, and other dilorders proceeding from vifcid juxes. Thi roots are frequently oaten with biead and butler, Sec. Ti.ey becom* mora acrid by drying, but the acri- -'mony is foon d flipated by boiling. GARGET, OR STOKE. Phytolacca Decandria. It is alfo called garret, jalap, pigeon berry, poke weed, pork phyfic weed, &c. It »54 G A R It ii a large plant, found in many parts of New Eng. land, growing in high wars, by the ttdei of fencai, and fometimat in orchards, padures, &c. The berries lung in clutters, being of a crimfon 01 purple colour. Thepigooni feed ut*on them, whence the name pigtom berry. The whole plant teems to be dimu'ai-.!. Dr. Cutler informs, that the roots are emetic and ca- thartic. An ounce of the dried root infufed in a pint of wine, which hardly alters the tafte of the liquor, is faid to op. erato kindly as an emetic. The roots are applied as cataplafms to the feet in at. dent fever;, with advantage. They difcufs hard tumours, if applied to the part af. feCted. m The young fhooti make a good pot herb in the fprinj Thejuice of the leaves or berries, infpiffated in tflj fun, to the confidence of an extraCt, is faid to deftrey cancori, by eaing them out by the roots. The expreffed juice of the berries, mixed with brae. dy, is extolled by iome people for the euro of the rb*u- matifm.—It eafei pain, promote! fweat and urine. Dofe, of the root, in wine ai above mentioned, it two table fpoonfuli ai an emetic. i To a pint and an half of the juice of the berriei, add half a pint of brandy, and take from one to two tabli fpoonfuls of the liquor diluted with brandy and water, According to the Encyclopedia, the Portuguefe formally mixed the juice of the otrries with their wines, togn:egm by drying up 11 a t :;■■:<■ (liuui moifl-jr*,—It cow-i oia-ies the bran, h-ip> too r-LtL or-.-, ana weakn-it o,' fight from aqieout hurjour-, lt -. expels wind, ft nwUte* to venaiy, and is v-md n habiit wheia acids abauni.— ions ta»:e it inches; f:r recent ceds. lt does not hcattlie coi,ii tjtionto ir.j.n as other fptces of the pep;iet kind. it is huitful 10 rn. !: t'cnolic. and hot bil :i.i, Vslii■-.. Too largo dofes ihicscsn Iho fl 1 us, and rct.-i-r them mo.e immoveable. Dfe, from fix to fifteen trains. GINSE N 0. Ti-rs is a fmall plant growing in Canada, V.rnonr, V*,t nia, »nd (one other parts o' AiTi-»rtc». rn-i Lhinefe call the root a reft 1. a:i it, a.v: cor.obj,-- ant. Dr Wallis claffat it with \'\z ftiiuianta ; and Di. H'.uld; with the antifpafmodirr. In C.rina and t'-inary thav drink ai ioru1 -..-, of 1 n O ' kavil 158 G L U leavei inftead of'.tta. But it ii (o dear, that t';a rich on !y are able to purchafe i', w.lo u e it in decayt from old •'*?', diiea'es or mteti. .erance. They have recourlc to Lie ioo.-, . « il.ela'.t icmcdy in all difrafet in Ch.ria. Di. j...ms informs, lhat tho Chinefe drir.k a oaccCtios of lit mot in all cacheCt.c and comu.nptive cafes, and r.aiural cicb fities, to purify tiicjuices, and ftrengthen tha i.-h-t. D . H.ald-: fays, it is in high efteem in China, ai a reiterative after fatigue of b..dy or mind ; and at an an- tifpafmof'ic in nervous complaints ; and that it pioved lii'-ccf'tful . in a ccnvuTive tale, lor which purpofei il v. .is taken in decoet'on. 'i'iie Author has found it beneficial in coughs, confuap. titi.'.'f, a.u fpafrnodic disorder-. This plum ought to be cultivated in gardem, *i ho da, ition is prepared by boiling two drachms ol the flice-i root,-in a quart of water, till but eight curicei ;rs left. The liquor is then to be iv/.s'Ttu a:.d drank, When the decoCtion ii gone, boil tho rooti a foconJ y time in a quait of vsater, ror thev will .a.wnyt bear tw«a bo>lii..'S. 'a'l.en ufe t!.ie dq-i.r aa belorc directed. ,' Dije, of tha deccCtton, i. about iau o^.'cc*, ruorninj ara eveiiin,;. O. ii,, ui; in (ubftaoce, a (c.u;>'e, tw.co in a clay. ■ GLOBE F L O W E R. A.'iarifiici .'■ i. CLbe A:ura':thus. 40:5, •O. Evcri.-.U ng Fi. ,vli. Tliey ara of no ufo n madcin-. tt is alio elite: cipl.--n.ihus ticidc.tvlis. GOACOMEZ. A large trre in At.-er.ca, wh'ch .ii: rdr tho ba/faa _fu ius, ".ii'n'n*, 1 el Ameti:aeric*an balfam is, feem! hva 'o .el'.-t-y ti.a ..*.(]ve dofcrip'.io.i, but I approntVJ :il is t'.c w 1 - baliT.1 ./ Per-.;. Vid. u.f Peru. G L U .".. £',/■-. 1 ■-. ere :.-c i. .c k'nc'j of f.,c, v:z : 1. Comm^ G O L i59 i. Common Glut. ■ 2. Glove Glue. 3 Parchment Glue. iiut the two lad are more properly called fiz:. Glue is made of the fkint of animal', as oxen, ccv, 5, calvot, (h- en, &.-. by fteeping them two or three days in water, v afh.ng them clean, boiling thorn to tae confid- ence of a ihick jelly, draining of it whild warm, mi t when freed fiom impuritict and cooled, it is br*->d a- gain, turned into moulds, v. n c fjrmi ii into cakrs, «nd afterwaids it it tsken out, dried in the wind, in a foit of net work, and at lad it it fining up to complota tie drying. It is ufed by carpr. -ten, jotne.s, cabinet mak. cr., &c but not in medicine. Ti.cir- are other kmdi of glue, v.iiicii I fha'i n.>l at- Ismpt to dc.c.iu; in t.iis place. G O A T. Ccpra, or C. •/✓>■. Their fltfh is very noiir.fh'ni*;, and their miik is •'■- ^moft nutritious of all kindt, w-imen't exuepte '. Goal's whey it called a;.spent, abilerge,n, r <> ;,, and laxative. It is generally prclciibcd boioic all ut. tr whey?. Vid. Mili. GOAT'- RUE. Gaiega. Rut a Caprina, or Capraria. It it ihe gaiega officinalis of I in. It it a nativo -a! Spain and l..'y, ufed ai food, lui not ia medicine. It is cultivated in America, if I miftake not. GOLD. Aurum, It ii the heaviefl of all metals, beirg nineteen t'mra fpecifically 1 e-vier than water. It it not ufed in medicine in the prefent sgo. GOLD 160 G O 6 GOLDTHREAD. Fdum Aurum. It is a frrall vinry piirt, which runs on the ground, ar.d giows in mo.ft lands.—The roots fpread themlelvei u'*der ths furfaca of the earth, from v/herca •':ey are r.fi'y dtawn by l.antifuls : they relembie a large en. uncled (k»in of thiead, of a fine : r;ght golden colour, fir. n whence comet the n?.rnegold thread. Tue roots a.: itior and aftringent. A wateiy'deccftton, infihon, and gargle of the roolt, have been ufed j/ the Indians and wbuo peoo'c o ad- vintari-., .when t weci;r,ei.i with honey, zgainft ihe cank. i r >n the mcuth and throat j and feme have chewed ihe rcot for the faros purpefe. But the mecica! qualilisi of U;s f.iv.: aie m,: fully known. GOLDEN ROD. Solidago Virga Aurea. Lin. ft grows wild in woods and by the fides of fields, --v The floweis are apenentand cotroborant. T'oelcavtfj m ;rr,.te'y aftringent. 'Ja Trie ft:»e.-/riavo been ufed in obihu&ions of the u. rny oigans, nephritic cafes, ulcerations of the bladder, cchexio-, and in the beg'nning rf crop:,o". Tro leaver are ""eiviceaolj n debility and laxity of the v re; a. and difoideTs proceeding fiom that caufe. An tflcntial oil is obtained by diftil a i©*i, 1'cfts; of tha powder of the leivet two drachms. 1.. cetcCton from one to an handful and an half. G O N A N D I N A. , ,. T' e natre of a large tree in Br„fiJ. No vntiic- aie metiticned. GOOSE. Af.r. T. e fl. fl-i < hard, but --akei. n<*reoahla fcod, thoti'h !'-■: -: !j\ it is net ve,y propor for j;iu-e iv'.io hvo a led- tl! «'y life. i ivne gift are be ft in au'utnn, 0:. GOO 161 Dr. Moibeib, efteemed tho fat of a gocfe to be very penetrating and difcutient. We nave a plonty of wild geef: in many parti of Amsr- rica ; they fly to the northern regions in the fprint*, and to the fouthern towards winter. Their flefh makes ' wholefome food. Geefe are very benaficial to tho human fpecies, on account of their eggs, feathers, and quillt. GOOSE GRASS. Vid. C'ca-ers. GOOSE BERRY BUSH. Grfful.i'ia. There are divers kindi of gocfe berry bufoes ; and of courfe different forts of fruit. The it:bite Holland it iho faireft, and moft fiui'.ful ; but the Engljh goofe berries are befl for culinaiy ufe% and, whilil green, are of>tn ufed in making pies, tarts, &c. There is a'lo the hedge- hog go-feberry, which is laige ar.d well tafted; and like- wife the greengcofe berry, which is a very pieafant Irui'. The unripo (ruit is acid, cooling, and aftringent.— Tha rip-, cooing. Dr. Me'ler/y relates, that t!ie unripe fruit is faid to ftop the longings in women, when pregnant. Some havo luppofed, that it promtes an appitita and rellrains fluxes tf the belly. The ripe fruit is wholefome if not eaten to exreft.— Thefe berries afford an excellent wine.—If i%oi aio preffed with the addition of na'.er, ihen well fi'menteu, and diftilled, they make brandy, almiit cq iai to that of the French kind. An equal quantity of the berries and fu*a>-, fimmeied over a gentle fire, produces a vesy palatable jall^ . GO OS E-B ER R Y. Perefiia. A plant with a rofa fhaped fli'ver, that is met wr h in Ihe SpanifliWeft Inrtit*-. In the Engl fli Aierxan fett'emenU, it is csl ed goift berry. T.i: Da'.ch ca 1 it a laid apple. O 2 GOURD. i6-t G R A GOURD. Cucurbita. The feeds are cooling and diuretic, being ona of tht four greater cold feed . They have been emplcyedin fevers, and dilorders anting from tho acnmo.iy of Iba an mal fluidf, and to take cff [tranguries cccafiono-1 by bitfteis, and alio to promote ui.na. Emulfions of thefe, and the other crid leeds, were formerly fuppoled to be ai,u&yn«; but they aie not much uled in the prelaw praCt.ce, G R A N A L. [•• it an evergreen tree, in Amerca, of a poifonom e-.uat.ty. GRAPE. Vva. A Grape. A fingle grape it ids called a'inus. Tbflyi I ".J-'jhe fiuit of tho vine. - Tncre are divert kindt of grapes, as the uva rubella, tin red grape : uva aminea, or alba, the white grape ; uvti n.^ia, the b'ack grape ; uva vulpina, Ikcfox gr^pe ; and! uvn lylveftrie, the wild grape. T-'ie red a-id wntie grapes are railed by cultivation.. tathcr kinds grow wild in America. The fox grape ali, in*l commonly not moe than half as large at t! e common bl-c'n wild grape. We have alio a (mall •whitegrap/, which glows wild in ,ose parts of Now Lngland. T.'.e befl grapes are white and fweet, with tendei Ocin-, ?.-,j '.vit-.out tton-s. It ii faid that thit fiuit, when npr, is of a hot and raoiftening nature, vety f.tiening a-id tef.efh rg tj an inilamad liver, provoking urine, and ver. rrocd tor ihe (lomach ; yet being windy, ars apt to d.hub the entrails, fo that ihey are befl wbsn td.cn cn-fcre "ieal«, <-r eile with pomegranates, and othsi fh rofiu't; hut if for a few days they are hung up, «nd d* cJ, ihev iofe their windtnefi and becoma better. /'..-'. R.iift,s. The j-i c-. t.rthr ag-efi/t oruniipe txild grafts, ws* call- ed . -n; '.*c:num 'jj '...c a.-'.-.cots ; i: was i'-;ppa(ed tj ba ccir-g. j G R A t$3 If grapei at* EUUck with hail at the time they are large and ri-tar ripening, they never become ripe at all, but harden, and ramain fo. Wild grapes are frequently eaten when rips, and fome pickle tham for ufe in :ne winter, but thisjs dune before they are fully ripened. Trteir expreffed juice, whan come to maturity, being fweeiened with iu -a*, .nd kept about a year, makes an excellent wine, I'ta. Wine. GRASS. Gran.:is. 86. G R ASS, BLUE. B.ue Giafi. G rax en Ceruleum. GRASS, C O C K's FOOT. Cock's Foot Grail. Grcrnen DaSyton. It grows in fieldt and ,'andy placet, and ill virtues are the famo with thofe of dog's graft. Vid. Dog's Grafs. GRASS, DO G*s. Dog'i Grafs. Gramen Caninum, 16, It is alfo called quick graft, and couch-grafs.S-The French call it chien-denf. It is the irittcum repins, of Lin- neeus. It isacreap'ng graft, of a whttifh green colour, knotty ftalkl, and it produces an ear relembling that of wheat. The rooti are mildly ape.icnr, diluent, deobftruen't, and diuretic. They open obftruClions of :he vifcera, and are ufeful in ftonei of the gall-b'adder, a fupprtdbn of urine, and ulcrri in the urinary organ;. S-vera! P;n:s of the frelh jm'cs of the roots are to be drank in a day, GRASS i6± G R A G R ASS, ENGLISH. Gramen Arghcanum. Englifh G'ai. It is ufed as fodder for cattle. GRASS, FOX TAIL. Fox Tail Grafs. Gramen Spicatum, It is alfo ufed at fodder, GRASS, GOOSE. Goofe Gtafs, Vid. Cleavers, GRASS, HAIR. Hair Grafs. Gramen Pcpillum, GRASS, KNOT. Knot G;i~*. , Gramen Polygonum. That fpecies ufed in medicine is the polygonum a-vkiKi lore, of Lin. The rooti are cooling and binulrg : good in internal haemorrhages, and external irflimma.tions. According lo the Encyclopedia, they are powerfully aftringent, good in haemorrhage-, and other fluxei, and alfo to heal a fore mout'i, GRASS, QUICK. Quck Grafs. Vid Dog's Grafs, G R A S S, R E D. , I Red Grafr. j Gt&r.en Rubrum, GRASS, G R O 165 GRASS, REED* Reed Graft. Gramen Arundinaceum. Vid. Panic GraJ's. GRASS, SILK. S:!k gra.'s growi in Virginia. The fibres are as fine at flax, and (hunger than hemp. GRASS, VIPERS. Viper's Grtft, iiorzo/ierej. This grafs is a native of Span. It is fo called l-ecaufo the root wat fuppofcd to be <•■-. u againft Iho bites of viper'. The toots are aiexip.'iarmic, anlifeptic, and deobdruent.—They ara only uied as a nourifhing ali- ment, GRASS, WILD. Wild Grafs. Gramen Sylveflrit. Vid. Fufcue Grafs. GROUND IVY. Hedera Terreflris. 4. Called alfo ale hoof, fun-hoof, jack in the hedge, and gill go by the ground. It is a low; hairy, creeping niar,*, with fq rare ftalkl. It it aperient, detergent, expectorant, and corroborant. It is good in obftruClions, Uxity, and debilty of tho vifcara ; for cleanfing and i e.ii-'r.g ulcers in the lungs, kidniet, and other internal patts, and alfo for purifying the blood. The dried leavei infufed in malt liquori, do feivice. Dr. Piicairn had a high opinion ot thii herb in con- fumt t'ci-.s. Dr. Wa Is recommends a decoCtion of it in coughi and afthma, to attenuate yifcid phlegm and mucus, and to 166 G R O to brace up and flrengthen the veffalsi of the lungs. Ii il an efficacious ltinecy in the jaundce. Dofes, of the powder, from one dVachm to two, Of ihe juice, two or thieo ouncet. ' Of the herb infufed, from one handful to two. GROUND LIVER WORT, ASH-COL, OURED. Afh Colouted Ground Liver Wort. j Lichen Cir.ereus Terr ft,is. ' Dr, Motlerby thinks it hat no medical virtur. GROUND-NUT, Bulhocadanum. Called alfo nueula ierrefiris, ground nut, bulleteftam majuset minus, or greater and leff3i earth nut, hawk nil kipper nut, and pig nut. They grow in many places in New England, in fsctljrl and gravelly places. The (taik is about a foot high.;. _ The root only is ufed, it is, about theJizeof a nutiue*-,'! and may be eaten raw or roafted. It' has a (weaailil tads, and is very nourifhing, and good in the dranjuiy | and bloody urine. j GROUNDPINE. ,Artbeuca,GX Arthrttiea. The herb Ground Pine. It is ufed againd diforders of the joints. GROUND PINE, CO MMON, Common Ground Pice. Cbamapitys. It is a low, ha:ry, creeping pl;»nt, with fquare ftalkl) and whitifh c ammy leave.-, growing wild in (mdjf grounds. The leavei are aperient, corroborant, nervine, atten- uant, diuretic and emmenagogic. They are good in the gout, rheu^stifm, palfy, fup- predion of urine, and uterine obftruClions. Dc/h G U A 167 Dofe, of the dried leaves,, one drachm, infufed in white w'i:&, whicli is tha bef> preparation. GROUNDSEL. Er.gerct. The fpecies ufed in medicine is the fenecio vulgaris of Tho juice of the leaves ii a ooweiful eni;i:c. It is good in cafot of midna-'t. An infufion, or their t.x.*■• lied juxe may be given, />-•;". A tea cup full of th-« juice, will fomet met vom- it when other meant fail, in iome maniacal patients. GROUND SQUIRREL. Sc'urus Tcrre/fris. ' This animal is about as larr<* as a common cat, thougfi it; lo^s are {lioner. It dig» ho ei into tha ground, ivhaia it burrows a'l winter, •■-•hencr the na-se. Soma neoplee; the fLlti, and ufo their fat or oil lo relax d ff joints, &;. -G U A B A M. A fweet codling fiuit, v hiclj grows in the W.-ft In- die. G U A C A T A N A. Called *.Vofcret>bu!ar:i intica. i- It it a plant which grov/a ;i N'ow Spain. A cataplafm of it oa-fes the Dilet. G U A J A B A R A. Tb<" Spaniard call it uv;*j. It is a tiee which j^rotva in Hifpaniola ; the leaves ara large and ufed as pap .1. GUAIACUM, Crvvac, li*tuw vita?, giia-ic-n, Ignum letcdillum, pahs 'fa-Mis, palm.i fan:7a, euj.rmo, df:,s tccid-tds. &c. Pock sr.-ood. Tiio h sc\or lort is called hiscar, or huicaa.— T s; nvxad wih yciiow boaxeean.— f'he fprc;o. u:ed in medic-no is c.i'lcd gif>j*c:t;.s oflicln.de, or gufaru/n jamai- cenf$ 168 G U A ctifefoLolis lijugisobtufis, ftsre catruleo, fuelu fubrdundt Lis. Co-Tim* ii guaiacwn. The wood, baik, gum, and rofin, a.; t!:e parts of gu. aia'umu'e.l in mcdirtne. Gunaeum is a v. arm (timulant, diaphore ic, and ccr. robirant. Trie refin, improperly called gum, is attenuant, dm- ulant, expettoranr, aperient, and puigat ve. Tho wood is good in the venereal d:,e*'•-, ai d (una have pre;er.dad, that it has been capable o* fubcing it in the warmer climatei, but in the colder regioni it will not work a cu>e without the afliilance of mercurial*. ' All the productions of the tree, ftrengthen the ftcm. acn and other vilc^ra, piomotci hveat and utine, i','tn cutaneous diforders proceeding from o'uft:ucl'.ti**s of t : excretory glands, where fli:gfh, leioua humours a- bound. They are alfj laxative and u's.'ul in rheumatic and other pain... . Tho refin is the moft aClivo part ; taken in large dof. i es, it proves purgative, opens obftiuCtiont oft/ e li\e-, (plean, and other pant, promotes Iweat, ftrengthens)1! waak ftomach, and other vjlcara, ht'p-i tie jaundice, dropfv, catarrh, gout, iheumatiim, *r:'im3, ■j.lj.ma. lignant ulcers, luej veneroa, numbnef, cu'.at-iaoui erup. tion*, and femalo woakneff;s. A heCbc fever occjfion. ed by a ialivatior, oflcn gives way 10 a deco.Cl on of the woods. Thslor.g ufe of guaiacum, produces a yel'owners on the (kin. and is hurtful to hot bilioui conllitutions, when the fii>;;s are ten'e, the habit thin, and emaciated, and tin fluids acrimonious. D./es, of the icfin as an alterative, from e:ght to forty grains. At a purge, from four to fix fcruplei. Of the dacoCtiOn, maoe by Dotting three ounces oflhe ralping* of the wo .', ;n a gallon of fpring water, till half is confuraad, wdh the addition of two ounces of ftonod raifins. Towards the end oflhe boiling, add of tho (havings of faflafras one ounce, of liquorice, half an ounce. S.ii. n ; drink a quirt in a day and keep warm. G U A J A V A. Tne Guiva, 3, The name of a tree in tha Weft Indies, whole fruit is cooling GUI 160 cooling and moderately aftringent ; the root is alfo af. tringent. A decoCtion of the root helps the dyfentery, and ap. plied outwardly cures .the itch, and other eruptions. The flowed rind of the fruit, eaten with milk is very excellent. A' fine jelly is prepared from tha whola fruit; and a good marmalda from the rind. Tho budi boiled with barley and liquorice are good in diarrtceas and dyfenteries. GUAO. A Weft Indian tree, called thetlatian, thejuice is fo acrid as to be injurious to thofe who flaep under it. GUAPARAIBA. The Mangrove Tree. It grows in the Weft Indiei. It it alfo called mangle, and parc.'uvicr. lithe root is fl:t and toaftad, and then applied to punctures wide by the poifonout fifh called *•£.'■', it performs a cure. ' G U A R I R I GU1MYMU, A fhrub in Brafil like a myrtle, Lemery (ayi it dodroys worms, G U A V A. Called alfo guayava, and guajava. Vid. Guajava. GUINEA COR N. This feems to be a fmall fpecies of India-i corn, the ears are (hort, and fmall ; but faid to come to matui.ty fooner than maize does ingen-ra!. It it ufed for the fame ;iu:p.-> es at Indian con. Vid. Indian Com. GUINEA HEN WEED. Petiveiij. Father Plumier called it petiveria in honour cf M-. Janes Petiver, who was a curious bxan ft. P It I7o HAt It is common in the Weft Indies. It gives the milk of cows that feed upon it, a garlic like fnell ; but it is not noted in medicine. GUINEA PEPPER. Piper Indicum. Vid. Pepper. GU I TY-IB A. A tree growing in Brafil, which bears a fruit callsdl guitycoroga. It contains a ftone as large as a goofe's egg, j The kernel of it is aftringent. Two other trees are thus named, viz. the gutty tmt\ > and the guity-iba. GUM, CHERRY. Or gum of the cherry tree, Vid. Cberrj. GUM COPAL. Rhus Copallinum, Lin. It is a refin obtained from feveral kinds of large trSH \ growing in New Spain. It is introduced into fome ol the foreign pharmacopoeias as an article defetvingoi attention, but its medical powers are yet unknown. •*.. GUM EL EM I. ,«t Or gum of the elm tree, Amyris Elemifcra, Lin. This ii a refin brought from the Spanifh Well Indian i It ia u'ed in the unguentium elemi, but it fuppofed lobe fit for internal ufet and more lo than fome of the other I gums, in higher adeem. GU MCUAICUM, Vid, Guaiacum. HABASCU M. The narr.3 of a root in Virginia, which refemblei < patiu-p, and is UtuUry foeci. H A C U B. HAS 171 - HA CUB. A fpecies of carduus, the young fl\oots ate eaten by tho Indians, but tbe roots are emetic. HARE. Lepus Timidus. JThis ii an animal which greatly rofemV-ii a rabbit, but ii larger, and fomawhit loagor, in pr. portion to 11s thickr.als; iti tail it abrupt ; its eyos black ; its ea-t very long, being always in a pofition to rccoiva the ie It found. Thero aro four fortl of hares, fomo live in mounts n , fome in fields, fomo in marfhsj', and foua wander uticps. By the ei.cydtp/cdia we are informed, that bread il rmde of tho nutt ; and alfo a kind of chocolate ; and ••>•' ihctr txu:cfl-d oil is but litlle inferior to that of almC-ddl. * - . . ^4: H E A D B E T O N Y. ■*■ Vid. Betony. HEDGE HOG. Echinus Marinus. Thefea hedge bog, cr urchin. Tho fpines of the larg- er u-.chms, aro calxd lapis judiacus, orjew'i ftone. [i it ihe petrified (pine of a fea urchin, and has tha fain- propel ties of (pas*. Vid. HEM 173 -Vid. Spar. We have arfo the land hedge-bog, in America. It is about the fiza Of a rabbit, and i: clothed with fpines or quills. I underftand that the Indians eat the'rflefh. Vid, Porcupine. HEDGE MUSTARD. Eryflmum. lira a hairy plant, which grows on wade grounds, • Tho flowers are attenuant, expectorant, and d uretic. The feeds have the qualities of muftatd, tfcoughthev are much weaker. Stahl highly commends the atlva parts of this plant irsfcirrho-cancerous tumou-s, HEDGE NETTLE. Galicpfts. 14, It is called an antihy fieric. An infufion of iho leaves and flowers is goad in hyf- terical affeClioni, and in the nephritic cholic. HELLEBORE, WHITE. White Hellebore. Helleborus albus Am-i .\r.uu;. Dr. Cutler mentions a kind of white hellebore, wh'ch he calls hclltborurn album Amernanum, or the Amer.cn white hellebore, poke root, and Indian poke, lie eitsta-ea it to be a ftrong purgative and (lernuiaioiy. The frefh rooti beat up with bog's lard, eutes the itch. They are poilonous lo fwine, and ciowt „,ay be def- Iroyed by boiling Indian corn in a ftrong decoction t.f the frefh rooV, and drew ing it on tb« giour.d whtie they refort. But the medical preputial of tbi> pant s.;c not fully afccrlained. HEMLOCK P I, A N T. Cicuta, Co.iium Maculatum, L:n. This plant growi about fix or feven feet hith ; [ have feen a p'.en'.y of it in Qiebec, and in the ftate o! Rho-o iflv-<-> Pa The 174 I- E M The leaves, flowers and feeds, ate the parts u medicine ; they ought to bo gathered, when full] and the plant turns yellow. It is refolvent, difcutient, narcotic, fedative, and an. | od v nr. j Good in fciirkui ; to eafe pain in open careen, which it does more powerfully than opium. It helps j fcrophulous tumour;, and ulcers, alfo thofe of (he ill. I conditioned kind : tbe chin cough, confumption, gleets, I fl .-or albut, painful uterine difcharges, venereal ulcers, epiiepfies, and ccnvulfioci. It promotes fweat and u- rine, eafes pain, procures deep, and if externally ip. plied, difculfei bard tumours. Indeed, it is bed in nil. cy cafes to ule it both inwardly and outwardly. But this plant is fo very poifonoul, that if it is imprii. dently eaton, it producei a train of horrible fymptoms, and fometimei death. Therefore it ought not to be ad. «•* minifteted by thofe ur (killed in medicine. Dofe, oflhe leaves in powder, it from one grainJo" two, made into an infufion, or taken in broth, twice or thrice in a day. Or of the extraCt, a gtain or two. Incroafe the dofet gradually as ihe patient can bear them. Cicat care ought to be taken to diftinguifh thii plant from water hemlock, For the latter is a deadly poifon. HEMLOCK TREE. Pinus Ciculus. This is a large tree growing in many parts of New E" gland. A decoction of the boughs is faid to be good for tha rheummi-fca ; and a cataplafm made of tbe buds ftith lnr-iin meal, is called an excellent remedy for fetid', lu •..■ and freez:-. Some alfo give a fyrup of the audi win, thofe of Iweet fern, for thodeftrufiion of wornai. Tha Indians cured a captive, of the lumbago, by fweat. irr; of h;m upon henUck bought, placed uoon a flat (lone, it at i-ad teen reacd in the fire ; giving of him a deeoc urn of ilem in the mean time, and coveiinz of him wiha fc'-rkce. 6 Kimltck ishutifu! to fhnp. II E M P, HEM 175 HEMP, COMMON. Common Hamp. Cannabis Vulgaris. m Canabis Sativa, Lin, Garden Hamp. Tha feeds are called emollient and demulcaot. A decoCtion of tbem in milk, or, their wstery emulfion fa efteemed good for a cough and heat of urine. In fome placet ihey have been eaten at food, but are apt to affect ihe head if taken too freely. Other parts of tho plant feem to bo mora active than the feeds, and are confidored ai articles deter ving further attention. H E M P-A G R I M O N Y. Eupatorium Canabinum, Lin, It is alfo called bidets, water-hemp, water agrimony, and dutch agrimony. It grows wild by the fide* of riv- ers and ditches. The leaves are aperient, laxative, antifcorbutic, and corroborant. The. roots cathartic. The leaves are called excellent in tho dropfy, jaun. dice, cachexy, fcurvy, and for (liengtliening- the tone of the vifcera. Botrhaave fay, that the lurf digger! in Holland, ufe them againd the fcurvy, fwellings in the feet, and foul ulcers. Dr. Lewis obfervei, that they are ufeful in the be- ginning of dropsies, jaundice, intermitting feveri, and other diforderi arifing from obftru&iont of the vifcera, fucceeding frequent relapfes, and degenerating into acute, or a long continuance of chronic difeafes. They are faid to be good in catarrh', fuppreffions of urine, and menftrual obftruClions. The root operates like hel- lebore, as a ftrong purge, but it is rarely ufed. Ur. Cutler informs, that an ounce of the root ia de- coCtion will both vomh and purge.—That the Dutch'ufe it in (mailer dofes at an alterative, and an antifcorbutic. And that an infufion of a handful of the leaves proves emetic and cathartic. Dales, oPthe juice of the leave-, from ona to three ounces. Of the extract, one drachm. An 176 HER An infufion of tho dry herb may be drank ai a tea. HEN. Gallina, It ii a domedic fowl, which is much ufed in food. The flefh and eggs are nourifhing, and the woak broth of chickjans is vary ufeful in fevers and other diforden. ffENBANE, BLACK, Black Henbane. Hyofciamus Nigrus. Tbe common black henbane is a powerful narcotic, f-da- tive, and anodyne. It eafei pain, procures fltep, helps the opthalmia, tpoth ach, re'olvcs hard , fwelltng, and it good in fcirrhofitiet, open a'cCr-, palpiuttom of the heart, coughs, fpalms, convulfio.11, epilepfy, melancho- ly, madnefs, hyflerical complaints, and other nervous *j affcClions. ..? A catap'afm of the leaves ard hog't lard, is very ben,j| eficiai in glandular fwellingt, and open ulcers. rym It is often no led ufeful for mitigating pain than opL- 1 um, and may be proper when opiates affeCtlhe head. 1 Too large dofes produce the vertigo, head ach, vom- iting, cbolic-paini, a copioui flow of urine, and fome. times a purging. An extraCt of Ihe ex pre (led juice is the moft power. ful preparation. The dofe is from one grain, to a fcruple, to be taken in twenty four hours : but begin with fmall dofe*. Ol the feeds, the fane quantity. H ERR I NG. Called alfo lalec. Alewife end barengus. The herring, Thii is a fmall fifh, caught in many parts of North A. merica; it is from five to about nine inches in length, and about two in breadth/ 1 Thefe fifh commonly go in fhoals, and are very fond of following the fire or light, and in their paffag- refera- ble a kind of lghliaing. They run up from the fea, in- to tivert, where ibey are taken in nets in gieat multi- tudes. Afterwards, HON m Afterwards, they are either fold and carted off by the country people, or barrelled up and failed for exporta- tion or home confumption. They ought to be well fad- ed on tbe very day they are caught, to prevent their fpoiling. But fometimei they ara put into brine, whera they lie twenty four hours, and are afterwards dried in fmoko made of brufh wood, and in a chimney, prepared for that purpofe. The frefii, failed, and fmoked herring, are all called wholefome food. Pickled herrings ato applied to the foloiof the feet at finapifms are.—Frelh ones produce an alkaline putrefac- tion in the ftomach, and ara therefore ufeful when an acid prevails there. HIP-TREE. Cynoflatos, Vid. Dog-Rofi. H O G's LARD. Axungia Porcina. It is emollient and relaxing, good to foften hard tu- mours, and for ufe in divers kinds of ointment!, plaf- ters and liniments. It is alfo much ufed in cookery. Vid. Swine. H O L L Y-H O C K. Malva Rofea. 13. Called alfo malva arborea, and malva hortenfts. Tree or garden mallow. They are chiefly noticed as ornamental in gardens. Their virtual are like tbofe af the common mallow, but in a lefs degree. Vid, Mallow, HONESTY. Bulbonach. It is alfo called viola lunaris, lunaris major, leu'coniwn lunatum, lattin, and honcfly. The dalk it two or three feet high, tbe leaves like tha nettle, but larger, and hairy, the flowers purpdfh, or of a filthy colour, it is cultivated in gardens, Thii fft G U A This plant is warming and diuretic. HONEY. Mel. Honey Is detergent, aperient, and expeftorant.— Dr. Wallis calls it emollient, demulcent, and mildly purga. tive. lr-It powerfully ptomotes expectoration, deterges and refolves vifcidititi in the pri&a via. Temperate! the act;-., y of the humours, r.elps coogh", afthmat, difor- ders of Jii'Mdoios and urnary p»ffagot, and she fotL mouth and throat: it clean fo« u'cerr, purges moderately/fl and refifti putrefaClion. It it ufed' in gargnrifmi, de.l coCtiom and glyftors. It is called hurtful to the bilioui, melancholic, byfter." ical, and hypochondriac. When it is new it lometimei produces gtiping paint, but if it is boiled, it r-xcites no fuch fymptom. In order to obtain its good effects, from one ounce to two fhould be taken at a time, alone, 01 mixed with water. HONEY SUCKLE. CaprifoUum, Called alfo mitrifylva and periclymenum. It is the lonicera periclymenum, of Lin. Honey fucklo, and woodbind. It ii a climbing fhrub, cultivated in garden;, ra con- fequence ef the (weetneft and beauty of in flowors. lit medical -properties do not recommend it to practice. HONEY SUCKLE DWARF CHERRY. k Lonicera. Canadenfls. I fuppofe by the name, that it growi in Canada ; but I can find no defcriptionc, nor any thing concerning iti virtues, if it hai any. HONEY SUCKLE, RED FLOWERED. Aaalea Nudijlora, I find no defcriptioa. HONEY HOP 17$ HONEY SUCKLE, VIRGINIAN, SCARLET. Lonicera Virginia. I believe Hit a Virginian plant, which is not defcrib- etj. HONEY SUCKLE, WHITE. Azalea Vicofa, This is well known to the farmers, as it grows- plenti- fully in paftures ; and makes excellent feed for cattloj- HOPS. Hamulus Lupuhs. Hops are ftimurant, balfamic, aperient, and diuretic. They are one of the mod agreeable of all the ftrong bit- ten. They aro ured in making malt liquori, which they render glutinous, and dilpoie to pafi more freely by the urinary organs. Their odour in bed, has induced fieep when opium failed. Thair watery infufion, or rum or brandy impregnated with them, .: good in the jaundice. In Did nation they afford an effential oil, which is loft iu h-cving. Th opaniard» boil a pound of the roots in a gallon of water to fix pints, and drink tha decoCtion to cure Ihe venereal difoafe. Dr. Brookes informs, that hops help digeft ion, open obftrudiont, promote urine, loofen the belly, and are good in the hypochondriac paldon, fcurvy, and other dtleafas of toe (kin, if taken in whey or broth, as an al- tera', ve. The feed is alfo called good to deftroy wormt. Dofes of the decn&ion of tbe root, half a pint in the morning, the patient lying in bed. Of t! e juiceof hops, from two to rour ounces. Of their decoCtion, when one or two boiicTuIi has beao boi'ed m a quart of water, half a pint. Of their feed?, half a drachm. HOREHOUND, iSo HO R HOREHOUND, WHITE. Marrubium Vulgare. Lite. White Horehound. The leaves are aperient, and deobdruent. They promote the fluid Iecretions in general; and taken freely loofen the belly, help humoral afthmas, cough, yellow jaundice, cachexy, menftrual obftruClion-, and the dropfy, they alfo dedroy worms. * For which purpoles the expreffed juice may be tak- en. The juice with that of plantain is good for tha bite of a rattle inake. Vid. Plantain. But Dr. Metherby thinks the extraCt is tbe belt prep. aration. * , Dr. Cutler fays, that this herb is good against vegeta-1 ble poifon ; and its infufion to carry off a lalivation. Dofes, of the juice, from one to three ounces. Of thai leaves in powder, a drachm or two. Of'the green leave in infufion, a handful, of the dry infufed, half a hand. ful. Of the extraCt from ten to thirty grains. HOREHOUND, WATER. Water Horehound. Marrubium Aquaticum. Called alio lyCopus htraclen. It grows by the fides of brooks. Its virtues are inferior to the white fort. Dr. Cutler (ays, that thejuice of water horehound, gives linen, woolens, and filkt, a colour that will not wa(h out. HORNET. ' Called Vsfpa Crabroy and Tentbredo. This infeft is well known in country places. They are a fpecies of apu, or apes, having ftings in their taiif like a wafp humble bee, &c. Hornet's ftingi aie troublefome, for whan they aro en- raged they ftrike mankind with great violence ; >rd a pain, inflammation and fwelling follows ; but by t: rnoui', and a cough oceafioned thereby ; and think; that tha notion of its beng poifonous was founded on l groundlefs fancy.—The leaves externally have dots Iervice in conlufinns. Tie root has alfo bean ufedinl gonorrhoea and fcrophulout complaints; but it ii nut emyloveJ at all in the prefent practice. Dofe, an ounce cf the root has been ordered in dee» lion. H O U S E-L E E K. Sedumt s8. The Tcrt uTe.1 in medicine is thn ftmttiV.vun techmM, ol Lin. Tin H Y S 183 The greater houfe leek. Tho leaves have an acrid tafte, but no remarkable fmall : applied externally lomeof them blifter the pant, and taken internally in no groat quan.ity, prove ftrong. ly emetic. ■The common hcufe-leiks are called cooling, omollient, and laxative. Good to quench third, a'iay heat, and abate infl-m- maiion, tending 10 a gangrene. They have alfo been Called ufeful in bilious and burning fevers ; for whicn burpofes, the leaves were itesped in water. ' Tbe dry powder externally applied, cured ulcers when other medicines failed. The expreiled juice proves a draftic medicine and its ?.Ctivity denotes that it is a fubjaCt worthy of further at- tention. But they are left oui. of ihe L-jocon Piiarma- cop oe'a. Tne dofe of the juice is from a lea to half a table fpoonfuli. HYBOUCOUHU AMERICAN US The name of an American fruit of ihe fize o' a cat-; but not eatable. Tho expieffsd oil, which i: k-n i-i the (hall of a fruit called cc.ram-.nto, whence the oil n>>' it fometimes fo Cilled, is chiefly ufedagainflaa Aunr- can dilorder called Tom, which (eems to be the lame as thigers, or a collection of very fmall worms in the flelhy parts, which caufe a tumour. HYSSOP, COMMON. Common Hyftj-i. Hyfjopus Vulgaris. . This plant it efteemed attenuan', expeClorant, and corroborant. An infufion of the leaves with honey, is good in hu- moural afthmas, coughs, and other diforderi of the breaft, unaccompanied with imflammatory (ymptoms. It alio promotes expsfioration. But it is fo little to he rdepended upon, that it hai no place in tbe pharmaco- poeia Londinenfis, ii4 KYS Dofe, in powder, one drachm.* In infufion, or decoCtion, from one to two handful*, HYSSOP, HEDGE. Gratiola Officinalis, Lin. Hedge Hyffop. Tha leaves are called digitalis minima, and gratia Dei,' The litilo finger, the grace of God, water hyffop, tha herb of grace, &c. It it a low plant, and a native of the fouthern parts of Europe, but il cultivated in garden!. Tho leaves are emetic and cathartic; but operate chiefly downward. The rooti vomit and purge, but not fo much at ths leaves. Dr. Healde calls it anthelmintic, deobftruent, diuretic, j purgative, fomewhat emetic, and now and then falivant, Dr. Wallis fayi it it flimulant. The leaves have been ufed in dropfiat, madnefs, hip.! gout, and the venereal difeafe, accompanied with tu.1 snouu, ulcerations, and the fluor albus. They have excited a falivation, promoted fweat and utine. They free the liver and fpleen from obftruClions, ex. pel worms, and caufe a copious difchargo of (erum. , Half a fcuple of the leaves, mixed wilh five grainiof gentian, has done fervice in bilious fovert and autumnal qtmtans. Tl eir extraCt, m>xed with fugar, abfoibent and aro* m't'c powders, excites a naufsa, but does not vomit, Tiieti loots have been ulad in dyfenteries. As iho leaves operate, they often produce griping pai-i', and fuperpurgations in weakly conftitutions. / V-j. of ihe dried leaves, from one fcruple to two, in Wiie or water, (r infufion, from one drachm to two. ,-. U -3*1 13 cool n-fijm-ra-i.n- of U.e e)ti. Q z I L I r I T A k ■:■ A- si6 I N D 1 B I-P 1 T A N G A. A Brafilian cherry. No virtue is mentioned. I B I R A. A tree in Brafil, whore fruit, when dried, is ufed in. Head of pepper. IBIRilEM. A wild fpecies of liquorice, found in Brafil. I B I R A-PIT A NG A. That is, the lignum Brafilium, or Brafil wood, which it of a red or purple colour. It is called cooling and ftrengthening ; but it is rare-i ly ufed in medicine, only the apolhccariei ufe it as a colouring drug, inftead of red fanderi. It hai nearly Ihe fame properties, only the fanderi do not give out their colouring matter to water ; whereas, Brafil ivooji •rives it all out to this fimple fluid. It is chiefly ufed by djers. 1 BI RU A. A fpeciei of plum-tree in Brafil. 1 C A C O 4. Tne American plum. They aro not remarkable in medicine. I G BU C AI N I. The Ighucaini Brafilianorum, il a tree in Brafil, whofs f>uit itfcmbles apples, and iti kernels are a prelent rem- edy againft the dyfentery. INAIA, BRASIL1ENSIS, A. fpeciei of palm tree. INDIAN CORN. Called Maize, and Z;a. Thii plant frequently grows about eight or nine feat high; I N D 18? high ; it is cultivated in fields, and it of vad bsnefit to the people, not only ai an articla in diet, but for fatting their cattle, fheep, (wine, and poultry. Tho kernoli of the eari are roafted and often boiled and eaten with but- ter and fait by the Americans before they ara ripe: this is very wholefome food. After they have coma to ma- turity, they are ground into msal, which baing mi-iei with an equal quantity of wheat or rye, and baked, makes excellent broad. India* meal is alfo ufed in the making of puddings, Sec. The country people boil it in milk, and apply it as a cataplafm, for the cure of burns, inflammations, and hard fwellingi. The Indians parch it, beat it into powder, which they call no cake, and carry it with them when they hunt, and. eat it when they are faint. Some grind it in mills, and fome beat it in wooden mortars into a coarfe powder, which they call famp or hominy : boil it in water and eat it in milk. \ I have been informed, that Indian corn ii the princi- pal part of the Negroes' diet, in the fouthern dates; and that each negro ii allowed a peck in a week for his (ub- fiftsnee. INDIAN CRESS. Or yellow Lark.Spur. Naflurtium Indicum. 5. It is a native of Peru. Their young (hoots are ufed as picklei ; and their medical virtues aro fimilar to thofe of tho common gar- den erodes. Vid. Garden Creffes. INDIAN PINK. Spigelia. Vid. Pink. INDIAN REED. Cannacorus. 5. Arundo Indica Florida. Tho -.88 I N D The (talks grow about four feet h'gb, and only in warm places. The leavei aro wrapped about the gum elemi. INDIAN ROOT. Radix Spigelia. Vid. Pink. INDIGO BLUE PLANT. Called Anil, Caacbira, and Glaftum Indicum. It is a native of South Carolina, In about fix or eight weeks after the feeds are fost n, the plant is ready For cutting up, in order to make 7a- digo, which is a faecula, made by the meant of water and ''■'« oil, from the juice of the leavei and (mailed branches of this production. The plantis faid to be detergent, and of fome ufe j when applied to ulcers. There it another plant called anil, whofe decoCtion" has bean ufed in nephritic colici, and fuppreffions of it- fine. INDIGO WEED. Gcr.ifta. Spartium Scoparium, Lin. Broom. The green tops aro diuretic. The flowers are faid to be emetic and cathartic ; but this, in my opinion, is doubtful. The leaves and ftalkl are laxative, aperient, and diuretic. The extraCt diuretic, And the rooti difcutient, anlifeptic, and vulnerary. The green top! promote urine ; I have often (wallow- ed the flowers, but never know them vomit or purge j they, however, promoted urine. DacoQiont of the leaves loofen the belly, promote u- line, and are good in dropfies attended with flatulence; : Tneir decoCtion with muftard feed cuied a patient that had been tapped thrice. An exirtitl made of the topi excites urine, if a drachm .of IPE 1B> of tbe powdered and flfted food is infufed i z hours ia a glafs and an half of rich wine, and taken in the morn- ing falling, it is called a fovereign remedy in tha dropfy, if the patient exercifes an hour and an half aftetwarda and then takes two ounces of olive oil.' Which method is to bo repeated ovary fecond or third day till a cure ii completed. Dr. Cutler obfervas, that this plant will counteract the poifon occafioned by the bite of a rattle fnake. Infufions of the flowery tops, promote expectoration and uiine, and help the adhma. The feeds roafted, have been ufed as coffee, and prov- ed diuretic. The afhai of the plant,'infufed in four wines, purges, and promotes urine ; and proves lervicoable in drop* deal affedions. The foft part of the root, applied as a cataplafm, cares recent woundi, difcuffet hard tumours, and heals ulcers. A fomentation of the fame fhould alfo be employed. The Hon. Dr. Ftfk, cf Rhode Ifland, informed rr.e, thai, according to hit obfervation, this loot ii a power- ful anlifeptic, very excellent in pieventing gangtenes and mortifications, if a decoCtion is internally given j and a fomentation and cataplafm externally applied. But the medicinal properties of this plant have not as yet been fully afcertained. Dofes, of tho feeds in powder, from a drachm to one and a half. Of the infufion or decoCtion, when half an ounce of tho leaves and tops have been infufed or boiled in a, pint of water, one ounce. Of the extraCt, from half a drachm to a drachm. When tbe decoCtion is taken with muftard feed, put a table fpoonful of whole feeds into every half pint of the liquor, and take fuch a quantity every morning and .evening, IPECACUAN, Ipecacuanha. Pfycbotria Emetica, Lin. This root il brought from the Spanifli Weft-Indies. Dr. IjO- r F.E' Dr. Motherby relates, that there are four forts, via, I, ThsGrey. s. The Brown. ' 3. The Wnile, and, 4. Tho Yellow. And that the grey is the bed. Dr. Neumai.n layi, the brown is equally ai good | the white iimuch the weaked ; and the yellow does not act in the lead ai an emetic, being only puigativc. I have feen a fpecies of ipecacuai.ba lately found in the wedarly patt of the ftate of No* York ; whofe root is of a lightifh grey colour when pulverized ; but it ii faid tc be much weaker in its opciation, than the genuine grey kind. Tie grey fort is a fafe emetic, pefl.ffing fomcthing of an sn'.ifcptic and aftringent qualty. It 11 called g^od in diauhceas, dyfenteries, leucor. ihceaS, ind obftruClions of long (landing, lt promotes pe'fpiration, and fuppreffcs alvinc fluxes. Given in fmall dofes it checks menftrual hasmorrbagei, and ii ufeful in coughs, pleuridcs, peripneumon.ei, and (pitting of blood. A full dofe, ii good in a fit of the fpafmodic adhma > and three or four grains every morning in habitual afth. matic complaints. Dr. Motherby, when treating of the dyfentery, fayi, that notwithllanding the merits of this medicine, in chief ufe it in mold and robud habiti.—That it it hurt- ful if the liver it difordered, or any of the vifcera af- feoted with an inflammation orfcirrhus. Dofes, of the root in powder, from five to twenty five grains. In uterine haemorrhages, cought, fpitting of blood, &c. give half a grain rubbed with fugar every fourth hour. IPECACUAN EUPHORBIA L. Aftdepias decumbens. Called alfo pleurify root. It feems, by the namo, that this root it good in the pleurify ; but I can find no defcription of the plant, nor any further account of its virtuei. IPSOM I RO 151 IP30M SALT. Sal Amarus. Vid. Salt. IRON. Ferrum. Iron is aperient, emmenagogic, corroborant, and af- tringent. Its preparations have the fame virtues. It was full ufed in inedLcino by Melampus, Anno Mundi, 259a. It is good for weak, pale, lax, patients, in chronical diforders, arifing from languor and debility • and for cacheClic, and hypochondriacal conditutions.lt drength- ent the ftomach, and fyftem in general ; quickens the circulation, raifes the pulfe, renders the blood more florid; expands and rarefies the juices, promotei defi- cient fecretions ; and rellrains them when immoder- ate. iron is called the only metal that feems to be friendly to tha human body. But whan tho circulation is too quick, the (olids too tenfe and rigid, or where there it any driCture, or fpafmodic contraction of the veffels, Iron, with all its preparations, is hurtful. If acidities prevail in the firft paffages, the filings of iron is the bed preparation ; but when there is no acid, the metal ought to be opened by a falins mendrua : and hence, a folution of it in acids has had a good effeCt in many cafes. Vegetable acids fuperadd a deterging and aperient quality. The vitriolic makes it ad powerfully as an aperient in the firft paffagas. Vid. Vitriol Green, The nitrous renders it cxtromaly ftyptic ; and the marine dill more fo. Dofes, Dr. Lewis recommend* fmall dofes in all cafes; that half a grain, or a whole one of iron diilolved, is generally fufficient. Dr. Waists direcli, from fiva to thirty grains of the prepared filings cr rud of iron for a dofe. IRON jga 1 S I IRON WOOD. Called Sideroxylon. It grows in Vermont and fome other places in North America. It isfo heavy that it finks in water ; is ufed for levers, beetles, &c but not in medicine. It is alfo called lycioides, or willow leaved iron wood, ISINGLASS. Itbthyocolla. Fifh Glue. It is a folid, glutinous fubdance, obtained from a large kind of fifh, called hufo.—It ia about twenty four fact in length, Ind thick in proportion. This glue is agglutinant, infpiffant, and demulcent. It has been given n e\jlc rations of the lungl and faucet; for defl v. .ons, .the fluor albus, dylentery, and baemorrha ,*» . It -car* rs t*vlk, or in vater. ' . A <■*:■: ,,u-..-•- ^ IVY, WILD AMERICAN, .,, Or wild American Ivy. Iledera Sylveflris Amcricanui. Thii kind of lvy\\ well known by roafon of ill poif- onouj qualities; for it.poifom moftipeople who go. near it. It rum on the g'cund, on Tenees, and round trees dike hop vines. lt often climbs thirty or forty feet liigh ; emitting a ftrong and difagreeable odour, which may be (melt at a confiderable diftanee in a hoi fun fhiny day. The'-j effluvia, floating in tbe currents of the circumambient atr, not oniy ftriko the external parts of the human ma- chine, bufcare received into the lungs by infpiratian ; laying a foundation for naufoa, vcmiting, intolerable itchin<-, cutaneous eruptions, blrndnelt, paiii, ferer, hard fwellings, and ulcers. As to tha cure, phlebotomy, cooling 'purgcr, and a*n •ntiphlogiftic regimen, are prober in foaie cafei. Some of the country people give a faffron tea, ir,>* ard- ly, and apply, outwardly; an ointment mere b; fimmer- ing marfh Tt ii a precious flone. There are eleven fpecies, b-i.1 none of. tLiera aie ufod in medicine. J AS S I MI N E. •v ,' . . ',0? : ■ ■ ' Jafminum. 9 i ailed alfo jaflamy, and galfeminum. I'hero are many Ipecies ; but none of them are ufed a trie pirefont praClice ; only the flowers have btfoat -mployed to give a peifume to ir.&pid ejpreffedoils.'li ft>/ai?,om ii alfo a name of the eoffoe Mee,-of> fever. - Ions of jal-rp, and of iwo fpecies of Mar, or tbe pipe JERUSALEM OAK. Vid. Oak of Jenfalcm. ; E W 's M A L L O W. ' j Called milochia. | It is a native of the warmer parts of Ada, and Ataer," tea. . The jews tfo it ai i pot-herb, in A fia. j J U D A S 's T R E, E. Cercis Canade-'fs. JUJUBA. Rbamnus Z z-phur, Lin. 7 'jules are an half dried fruit of l*he plumb kind, : j-'-out ihe fizo and fhape of an olive. Thoy are the pro- , duft of a prickly tree, which fomelimet growi wild, i and is fometimet railed b/ cultivation. Thi.i^iuit is incraffant and demulcent; it has been i ufed in petloral decoCtion*. JUNIPER, ! K. E M -Ip? JUNIPE R, funiperis. The berries of this tree are ftimulanr, ddmachic, car--- mioattye, detergent, and diuretic. ' Their oil and fpirit .are alfo dimulant and diuretic. • The wood is fudorific. The berries dimulate the fyftem, ftrengthen the 8os- ach, txpel wind, provoke urine, and cleanfe the fitd paffaget. The watry extract, being divefted of, the-oil, ii good in catarrhs, debilities of the ftomach and intedinet, and . alfo in fuppreffions of urine irt old age'. - The watery infufion of tho -beWie* or topi helpt tho 'dropfy. ' The effential oil promotes urine powerfully. ■'■•The berties are useful :n cold habits, but hurtful in Blflammatt'oni of the ftomach, kidnies or intedinet. A decoCtion of tha wood promotes fweat, but it is not fogood ai guaiacum. '' ufe. Of the b&rries in fubflahce, a drachm, twice or r thrice in a day. Of trilir oil, from two to ten drops." Of the diftilled fpirit,' from half an ounce to -n . ounce. A Gin is made of thefe berries. KI DNeV B E A N, Abrus.\> 30. Tbey are a fort of redphafeelus,os kidney bean, callid , alfo eing'oa. feeds.. , . . ,„. .a- "Therei are two kVncts, one of the fizecf a pea, and ftb other as big as a tare * both of a fcarlet colour, with loiack-eve. The leiler hav« been worn as amulets around, tho - necks of children. kempfer'a', It is a plant in Jamaica. Dr.Hou/toun, gava it this name in honour of Dr. Kempfer ; hut nothing.is (aid of its virtues', , ., R 2 KNAP-WEED. •*98 LAD K NAP-WE. ED. Or Mat/Men. jfacea. 40. It grows in paflure grounds, is (lightly aftriftgetft, but not regarded in the prefont practice. KNOT GRASS. 1 -.-' f * Vid. Grafs, --•■• ••'-■■ L A D Y '4 B E D S T R A W. Gallioo, Cheefe Rennet. Gallium. Luteum, vsl Gallium Verum. Lin, 5. The Plant has fquare ftalkf, with long narrow leaver. It grows in dry wade grounds. Both the leavei and flowers poffofi a degree of acidi.1 ly, on which account they havo been ufed for turning' milk, or foparating its curd fiom the whey, whence the ramo Cheefe Rennet. The whole plant is called cooling, and aftringent,,but is not much ufed in medicine. ^ADY's BOWER, UPRIGHT. Upright Lady's Bovver. Flammula Jovis. \z. Clematis Recja. Lin. 1 , - Upright Traveller's Joy, ' The herb with the flowers are cauftic ; if any part of Ihe plant Is rubbed with the fingers, and then held ta Ihe noft-ils, it flrikes tham like lightning-with a ftrong fmoll. It yields a water as hot as the fpirit-of wine, but>t does net Teeth fafe to'admihifter it internally. LA D, Y's AI AN TL E. Alchmil.'a, 12 or 13. Ca'led alfo Engllfh lady's mantle, and lion's foot. The leaves and toots are gently aftringtnr, but the, jdaat is,not in much repme ia mei.cir.c. L A D Y '» L A U tgp '.''•■' L A D *? 't S*M O C It. -1 L A . CarAu-irVr. Caulinis lanceohtis. Lin. * *"" . It is alf'j called meadftw. creffes, and cuckow flower. Some hava called it' A'miricah valerian. It grows in meadu a-grounds, and is.about a foot high. The roots are I'oi.g an'd fibrous. , .This plaof is called antifpafmod'c and anti-epileptic. Diofc.'riJes called the fljwors as warm diuiotic. . Tba .-lowers are good in tho fpafmodic, adhmi, S,'. Vitus's dance, pallfy, accompart'ed wj'tha'difticultyl.of twaUowirig, and convulfiofii. Thoy alfo mend tho ap-. petite -irid' help tha epitepfy. ' ' >% ,,v Tho dofe of the ftjwert ia from a fcruple'to »i,dricbm. and an half, thrice in a day. ' ^ .jt. ?flJ30 l00,o:) L A R K - S P U R, 3G A RDi E N. '^f^ m • • -i*, oi-i J^kjI. Garden Lark-Spur. '■ >' : '• ■• 4___' .-. ., o 3 ■ >. - |1>:»*' "' T* \,'X A R K,-S. PUR;. T.N.D I A N. ■ _ *. ' .it, -, " ■ rij, T„a'.an Cref.' L A;SS ER WG-R'T. „ • T, -V V Laj'erpitium vulgar-, G#itiana alba, 16* .-.v.*..''. The leffer herb-ftamkincefife. h:t-*i .-. - (The roots ara csrWed ale-ciptsatrtiic'and -uterine j bttt, Ihey are not in ufe. , . '." .tlr .: ■•*>.- v iiGt-fr.j '' LAUREL.nDWARF, W"-'-»--« • '.lit* ,* tv- . , Dwarf Ljiurel. .,•.■'•' Kalmia Auguflifolia. "■' • 3,|"'e ■^Tlre-medicinal virtue, if it has any, it unknown,* r'. 0) LAUREL, GR £ A-T. r,J" a Great Laura), -pit »•*.••• .1 ii . '«< KiAmia Latifolia, "- "".''.' K*ir-U««leifctib'9c5,^:;,1 .. SIS".' • L A U R EL LAUREL LEAVED TULIP. Magnolia. There aro four, fpecie.*. i. Glauca, or (mall magnolia. It grows fixteen feet hl$n, a: native of Virginia, Carolina, and ether parts of America. a. Grandiflord, Or great magnolia. A native of South Carolina and Florida. It'grows eighty feot high. ft.'Tripetata, or umbrella tree, a native of Carolina.' It grows twenty feet high. 4. Acuminata, it grows in the inland parts of America* The glauca, or fit ft fpecie?, which is called (he bes- ver tree, becaufe the root ia ufed'at a bait to catch bea- vers with, it good in medcine. Tbe berries, which Bang in bunch*!,' and are of a red colour, being deeped in rumor brandy, are faid to cure coughs and other diforders of thebre-sd, particularly confumptlOnr.. If the bark is.de*pesl ib brandy,or a decoCtion of it • in water, it helps peCtoral diforders, internal pains ancU heat ; ana-rifdme fUplpofo it will eu*e* the dyfeiwery. A deccClion of tbe branches cute; rucent colds. .-L^V.E N.DE.R.. T Lavendula Spica, Lin. Lavender- it cisMvtted tn-gardethar It it a warm itimulanr^an/^arom-ttie.-.-- < Or, MfXhtfby fta^a. fcajaild. fthatJlant, and corrobor- ate- .... .,1 It is good in vertigoes, palfiea, tremors, menftrual ob« ftruaions, and iH general for all. dnSotdara of tho bead,. nerves, and uteiuf. It is applied externally in fermentations, to relieve par- alytic limbs. Tho eflexitialoil, put upon, fpungy paper, 8i«Mp.pli«i. to the fktn,dedroys' cutaneous infects. Tbe oil, compound .tinCture-, and Ample Tpirit, are kept in the apothecaries' (hops. The flowers are ofed-Tri perfumes. Deft. Of the oil, from one,to fiy# drops. Of the feeds or flowers, from a fcruple to a drachm,. Tbe flowers may be drank as a tea. ' L.EjA ■jjtOl A conferve is made.ef thf ftswers and ufed as a cor- dial. The dofe is half an ouneei " *J L A V E N D E R, FRENCH. French Lavender Stccbas. •no.,.-- it ■ LaitndulaCaUica. ' '" er,'r It is cultivated in our gardens, and its virtues agrae with thofe of the precedlpg fppctci. LAVENDER, WILD. Wild Lavender. •■ •• Lavendfla. Sylvcfiris. ( , , Tricheftema. Tbe virtues are hot mentioned. f.A «>-• vl* ..' SlV t 1 -' ">.••!.«' r.*-. LAYLOCK, ;.. t: ■ Cr Leelock. . -.-j ... : .: Virtues unknown. ■•.Jd ■ > . l :n y-. *i'i . ->ai LEAD. Plumbum. '1 -->.!../ erii : . ! i. hcs ; v.- ■ Common /sets' is above eleven times fpecifically heavi- er than water. We have lead mines in various partsof America. Capt. Carver : difcoveted great quantities of it on the mountains near the Oaifconfin rtvac; smdlalfo, near the Miffifippi. ra . ''■ '* Divers preparations, of lead areurod'in medicine, and they ate all called aftringent. The internal ufa of this metal ia dangerous, and Ought never to be ventured -upon, urleft in defperate cafei, nor until other medicines have been .tited in vain : It odteo cceafic-ns violent colici ; tad though it fltoulAnot .pr«*ve wnmedsaiely huufulsita ,ll consequences are Cure so fellow, although it may be. flow,in its Qpeaati-OB. Hence trcinorr, (pa-tansy, or a lingering; tabes ftscoee*. But preparationi of Lad with vinegar,have been much ufod ex^etnajlx for inilammations ; but. L am>**aiilura that it is a Wo method of practice. LEEKS icifi9 -'L-:-Eto I.-. -. i-* mi . : -.»*•,«..£ B E'K--aY ' •isninw I- Or W"d Onions. , • .. * jj, .-, -,- Porrunu .7. . Porrer. T Tbe common leek, has the fame virtues as garlic, only it is weaker. Vsd,"C'arl'ic. LEECH. !■.....-•- »•'..' -.^ftVstVb, ; • Called alfo Sangttijiga,mric\ Hirudo Medica. They are only employed for drawing blood, where trie lancet cannot convehiUnity-'Ve1 irfed.- Chufe fuch ai live in.tnnlnrrrg water, which is clear and has a fandy bed ; and thefe whofe..backs, are ibipecf- and bellietfpotted. ' n-- ■ 1 ■-«■«• s To make ihem fiden loon, keep them hungry, and rub the part to wMch'they ar- ro ft* applied with warm milk or blood. If they J.t»cS too long, touch their heads with a little common fait, and they will joon drop off. They may be kept in bottles of wafer "hbt quife filled ; and tbe water fhould jjg renewed every third or fourth day j and a litlle fugar may alfo be added. .i.-v<-. •-..,as* ,- LEMON.- -mrsoaji ;■■•;;. . iisv •• . ^r. in - ,-». ij.. Limon, ■u- forty grains. LETTUCE, QARDEN. Garden Lettuce. Lacluca Saliva, 55. The) young leavjse are cooling and emollient, fome- what laxative and aperient,, The "feeds have the fame virtues, baing one of thefour^ kefler cold feeds. Lettuce is much ufed as fallad ; it mitjgaei the,beut of the domacb, liver, and other vilceta, relaxing their crifp- ad and too graatly ofcillating fibres, and redoring their funCtdons fo at to procure deep, llence the leavei have been fuppofed to ba narcotic, which ought to be imputed to their abating the beat of Iba body, and relaxing the fibrei. They are ufeful in tcorbutic, and .hypochondriacal sfFedions, and alfo to prevent codivenafi. Emulfionsof the feedi have been ufed In heat of urine, and other diforders from acrimony, and irrita- tion.. Thejuice is good for th^ preceding complaint!. Dofes. Of the emulfion of the feeds, from ono . te z drachm and an half. Of the juice, from one to two ounces. L:E T T U C E, W I L D. Wild Lettuce. Lacluca virofafylveflrg. Strong fcenied wild lettuce. It is gemtly laxative, powerfully diuretic* aad .fomo.-: What fudorific An extract of the expreffad juice, in foul 1 dotes has been given in the dropfy. In thofe of long ftaoding, sad proceeding from obftnsfttont of the tiifcere* half an ounce hat boon taken in a day.—It agteet with the domach; quenchet third, opeoathe belrr, purges off the: drine, and promotes fweat, A aHontifttldiidtionfhould »o4 L 1 L --■ be allowed dartnif Its operation. Out ol twenty four dropfical patient! who took thii remedy, but one died. DtV CtOltn cttyavthxl thcljftScB Of this pftfnt taaya^M collected in fliell«y:«*i%d;toy! aagqajsitJi baaty ^imiifosaasaj into pills. Dofe. Begin witft a-fe-tv grams Of /the extraCt, and in- creafe the dotal ai the patient can,bearthem. L I F E-E V E R L A S T I N G. ■•■mot GnapBaimiH'Odoratiffimum, OV'*'' It appears to ma that this plantis a fpecies of cud- weed! •-: ■' "":'■' ..*•.-■•■* ■«• •'•'r . ^ : Life eyerlading growi about, a foot high, tfe flowers' are whitifh ; they emit an agreeable odour. An infufion or decoCtion of the topi is faid to be good for ulcerations in tne mouth and throat ; a cata-. plafm alfo of the fame, has been applied ex ernally for thi* dilprdar,'and efpecialiy when fcated in tha neck. '-..... r ' •Ny'tnphae alba apvaika. 19. < •;.-: • ' They are called emollient, demulcent and cooling. <'*r •' They have been ufed in alvine fluxes, and gleets i andextertiiliy to (often hard tumoHn,-eafe pain, and protaote'fuppuraron, •""' -• The root! weie uted as food in Sweden', 'iha time pj fcarcily, and proved falutary. ' : >8i Thefe lillies aro much uled ai npfegays. _- . lilly'of the valley, Or Tyl-ay Lilly. •Lillium Ctsnvallium. ;< Thrfe Iter (hells it edeemed bed for medic- inal purpofes ; but fome, however, ufe ftone-lime. Frefh burnt lime it highly acrimonious and corrofive. Lime water is called antacid, -lithontriptic, diuretic and fomewhat aftringent. Simple quick lime has been employed in its acr moni- ous date, in fomo external applications as a depilatory,! and has beei made into anointment with honey for rheumatic and other obdinato fixed pains in tbe joints and limbs. Thii unguent is alraod caudic. Lime ware*- is prepared of calcined oyflcr fhells, by putting half a pound info fix quarts of boiling water, that has been didil'ed, mixing, and letting of it dand in a clofo vcfie! for an hour, tho liquor it then poured off, and kept from the air. Ttiis water it good in fur.dry calculous cafes, for .fcrophalouscompaiinii,fluxes,fominal wcakneffe-.gleeti, ■fljor a'fcu-, chronic menorrhages, and other diforders r-rocoadir-g hom an impurity of the fluids, or a laxity and debility of iho folids. It promotes expeaoration s. the ftomach is opprtffad with vifcid phlegm ; and for L I Q aa? for tho mod part urine and fwea*. Bit laxatives fhould be taken, otherwife it may bind the belly too much. .It dedroyt acidities, and prevents milk f.om curdling in Iho ftcmacn. lt is bed for cold, fljggiih, ph>{*:r.,v:c and corpulent habits ; but may hurt tho biltcus and tiiofo emaciated, who h*ve weak appetites. InjeCtod glyderwite, it kills and brings cff sfcuride.'. This water agitated w,:li expretT-cl oils, unites w.n them, and this mixture has been ufed in burnt-and >*-.- flammations. Dye. Of Ample lima water, is a jill, three cr '.-.■■.-■ timet n a day. LINSEED. ?::x fleer1.. V.d. F.dx. LIQUID A MB E-K. Lijuidambra Stjraciftua, Lm. L This m a refin, proceeding from a large iree in Vir- iginia, Florida, Maxico, &c. tho refin has bean called .beating, moiftenicg, emollient, and rofoiaeo*. It openi obdruftions, re'olvei hard tuoicurs, and ef- pecialiy in the uteru-. It hat been ufed in -^rfurces. The Indians call it an excel ent febrifuge, and ule it in healing wounds. LIQUORICE. Glyciirhixa. Thii plant is a native of the fouthern parti of liuropa but is cultivated in gardens ; tl-e toots ato not fit lor uie till the third year alier they have been planted. The root* sire incraftant, emollient, demulcent-, atten- uant, expeClcrant, detergant, and diuret:c. They abata third ia dropfiet, help defluttiom of tho bread, fofteii acrimoniout humours, and provo gently detergent : it 'a good in coughi, t-leurify, gravel, dyfury, dranguiy, and intenfe pain. It temperates fait, tharp humours, allaya the heat of the blood, abates tho acrimony of tbo hu- mours s©8 LOB mours, promotes urine, and thickens the fanguinary fluid when too tbin. Dofe. In fubftance, one drachm. In infufion or decoCtion one ounce. LITHARGE. JLxtbargyrus. Thiiarifes from impure metals combined with filver ore. And according to the dark nets and Iightnefs of its colour, it is called litharge of filver, litharge of gold, &e. It is drying and abdergent, mixad with lard, or oliva oil, it dries up ulcers, and helps the galling in children. It is ufed in divers kinds of pladers. LIVER WORT, NOBLE. Vid. Noble Liver Wort. LOAD.STONE. \ Magnes. It is an iron ore, of different colours and foliditieii, the mod foiid it the b>-ft. i lt is fomewhat adringent, but is not t,fcd in medicine in the prefent age. LOBELIA. 5. There are five fpecies, four of which ara named ai follows, viz, 1. Lobelia Cardinal, 2, Lobelia Dortman's. 3. LobiLa Kalm's. 4. Lobi/ia Venerealis. The lad is alfo called Lobelia Sypliiliiea, which is a native of Virginia, Tho root is purgative. The Indians, it is faid, cu*e ihe lust venerea with a decoCtion of thofe root*. A dofe is taken in the morn- ing and another in tho evaning, which is to be gradu- ally iucrenfed till it become* too puigative, then the ex- hibition 1* to-be omitted, and afterwards carried on a- gain till the cuie ii comiiloud. One dote in a day is (ufiisient LOG too fufficient duu'ng the latter part of the treatment. Tho ulceri are to be wafhed twice in a day with tho decoc- tion, and a driCl regimen is to be obforvcd. If the ul« cers are very foul, they aro fprinkled with th*e powder Oflhe internal baik of the fpruc: tree. * Dofe. Half a meafure of the decoCtion, when an i handful of tbe frefh or dry roots have been boiled in \ three meafureiof water, LOCUST TREE, COMMON, Tho Common Locuft Tiee. 5. Acalia Americana Vulgar,:-. TMstree is much cuhivs'ed in many parts of North America, for (hades. It grows very fad; the flcwera emit an agreeable odour, and the treo is faid to enrich the land, wherever it grow-s. The timber is u:>d in braking [runnels for Chips, which is faid to be more o'u- fjfible than that made of other trees. It is not ufed us medicine. I There is a large loeufl t'ee, growing in iha Wefl In- lidies, called cturbaril, which it laid lo afford the gum aa> L A R A. It is a fpecies of Lychnis. 80. Mod of the fpecies are ufed as ornaments in gardens ; one is called catch-fly, or cuckow flower : and another rofe champion, tbe feeds of toe latter are purgative. LYNN TREE. Arbor Lynnienfis. I can find no description of this tree. M AC AXO COTLI FER A. S. It is the name of a tree in the Weft-lodsos ; it is a* bout the fize of a plum tree. Its fiuit is called macaxo. ' toil: it is red,of a long figure, of the bignefs of a walnut, and yellow within ; it is tweet and laxative. f Another (pecies is called Aloyaxacotl. Another Caxticzccotl, by the Mexicans, though others ' call it a fpecies of myrobalan. Anothe* is called atojax- tcotl cbichiltie: and the lad fpociei chichiaxocotl, which Signifies running down with fweat. A decoction of the. bark of thefo treea cure*, the itch, and tha powder thereof heali ulcers. MACHA-MONA: A fort of cakbafh in America, the pulp of it is agrees!* Ue, and ferves indead of rennet for curdling milk. MACHINIBL, MattcaniUa, It is a- poifon treo ia Jamaica. Fid, MattcaniUa. MACKAW TREB. Palma Oleum* It it tho tree that produce* tha palm oil, and ia the falma okofa, a* aW«,-Ws-«n»w« io Jamaica, &c, The tr«e zi*r MAD ii tall and unbranched, with long reed like leaves ele- gantly difpofed on the top. Several fpeciei of it aro met with in the warmer ell. mates : as the great mackaw tree, and the little mackaw tret. Their fruits differ but little from each other. Vid. Palm. Oil. M A COCK I. Macock. It is the Virginian pompion. MACOU NA. A fpecies of kidney-bean in Brafil. MACNAW TREE.. Id's the mackaw tree, which fee. MADDER.. Rubia tinelorum, Lint The root it called radix rubra, or red root. It is-a rough procumbent plant, with fquara jointed flalki. Both the watery and fpirituoui tinctures tade drongly of the madder. If they are taken internally ittingea tha urine red ; if by fowli, &c. their bones become red and brittle though their flefh and cartilagei are not in the load afftCted. The bones thus tinged praferve their col- ons, though boiled in water, or deeped in rectified fpirit of wine. The fubtile parts of which this root is poffeffed ren- der it eminently ufeful as a refolvent and aperient. It is good in obdtuCtiont of the vifcera, of the urinary organi and uterui, in coagulations of the blood from contufions, in the jaundice and dropfy. It pallet freafy by urine. Thii plant it cultivated for the ufe of the dyerr. Tho Edinburgh College call thii root an .emmenagogic. Dr. Motherby fayi it is refolvent and aperient, and Dr. Wallis ranks it with aftringent!. The dofe, in fubdance, ii from twenty to thirty grains). Jn decoction, two ouices; when an ou»ce of the root hai MAJ jug has bean boiled in three pints of water, till a thud ii confumed. M A G N £ 2. This appears to be fome kind of mineral fubflance found in North-America ; but if it has any medicinal virtue, it is not defcribed. MAHOGANY. A tree in Jamaica. The timber is much ufed by tho cabinet-makers, in making chefts, tables, bed-deads, &c, MAIDEN-HAIR. Adianthum. Tncbomancs. 5. This plant grows wild in Ihady, uncultivated placer. There aie five fpecies, and thay abuund with a neutral faponaceous quality, approaching to nitre. They are called ex petto ant, mucilaginous add lubadiingent. The black Maiden Hair may fupply tho place of all the red. It ii good in tickling cough*, ho-riccefs, from acrid deductions ; iu o'->d uClio'.t of the vifce a, /idiaato cought, pleur'ly- afthma, jaundic*-, di.orda.s j.' tlis kid- ney*, and irregularities oi tbe mcniet. It prcruo*es tho fluid fecretiont, and drengthani the tone of the fibrei. Three handfuls infufed in two quarts of water, witht or without liquorice may be drank as a tea. It. is, however, fo much out of ufe that it hai no place neither in the London nor Edinburg phirmacopce iai. MAJORUM, SWEET. Majorana Dultis. Sweet Majorats. It is a low plant which is cultivated in gardens for culinary purpofe/. It it a moderately warm aromatic. The leaves are errbinr. It is good! in diforders of the bead and nerval, for uterino obdruCtions, humoural afthmas, and catarrhs in a«4 M A.L bid people ; alio for other d..'ordersproceeding from a cold caufe. The diftilled water, and effential oil diluted with wa- ter, are very agreeable errhines. The oil internally and externally, is very ufeful in palfaic and nervous affeCtion". This oil diluted with water, and applied to tho notes of children, when they are fo dopped, that they cannot fuck, generally gives relief. Dotes. Of the leaves in powder from 20 to 30 grains, Of the iuica, from half an ounce to an ounce. The leaves may bo infuled in water and drank ~^H tea. Of the effential oil two drops in fugar. M A JORA M, W I L D. W !-• M.-j i;ti. Major ana ij.vtflris, U. Origanum Vulgare Lin. Common Wild Majoram. This plant has firm, round dalks, and grows wild on dry, chalky and gravelly grounds. It is (omewhat warmer than the garden mtjorum, and much refembles thyme, and they agree in virtue. Inlufiont, of wild majorum, drank as a tea, help a weak domacb, diforderi of the bread, and promotes fweat, ai ■well as the fluid fecretiont in general. The powder of the dried leaves excites fneezing. Externally they are ufed in baths for the rheumatrfm, and nervous complaints. An effential oil is obtained by didillation,which is call- ed the oil of thyme : and is often put into hollow teeth to mitigate pain. An infufion of half an ounce bf the leavei in a pint of water it the bed preparation for internal ufe. MALLOW, COMMON. Common Mallow. Malva, 15. The leaves are ranked as tho fecond of the five emoll ient herbs. DecoCtions M A L 2i$ Decoctions of them are ufed in dyfenteriei, heat and fliarpnefs of urine, and to obtund acrimonious hu- mours, They are alfo good in gtyften, fomentationi, and cat- splafmt. The feeds have been ufed in tha fame diforders. Dofes. Of thejuice, from two to eight ouncet. Ol tho feed, from a fcruplo to a drachm. MALLOW, INDIAN.PHYSIC. Mallow Indian Phyfic. Spiraea Trifoliata. It is a low plant, which grows wild in moid grounds. MALLOW, MARSH. Marlh Mallows. Althia, called alio Malva Vijcus. ' This plant is one of tho five emollient herbs ; and it« toot is one of the greated vegetable mucilages. It obtunds acrimony, and incraffates the fluids ; is good in tickling coughs, deductions of the lungs, hoarfe- nefs, erofion;, dyfentary, nephritis, heat of urine, itran- gury, and calculous complaints, lt is alfo employed in emollient fomentation! and glyderi. and if chewed, it aafei children in difficult dentition. A cataplafm of tbe rcots and leaves, foftens hard tu- mours, and promotes f-uppuration. A decoCtion of the roots it prepared by boiling an ounce of them when dry with a littlo liquoric e in three pinttof watar. The dofe it three or {our ounces. Some prefer an infufion, becaufe boiling dedroy! a part of the vifcidity of the rooti. MALLOWS, WILD. Wild Mallows. Malva Sylveflris. Thii is a vary fmall plant found in the American woodt, Si6 MAN woods, aad faid to bo an axcellent remedy in tha dyfon- tery. But according 10 Dr. Motherby, the common mallow is tbe malva fylveftrit, in Europe. But our wild mallow is much (mailer ihan that men- tioned by the doclor. MALLOW TREE. Or Tree Mallows. Malva Arbtrta Merititia, And althta arborea maritima. It agrees in virtue with common mallows. Another kind of tree mallows ii called malva arborea, and malva hortenftr. Tree or garden mallow, and tbe hollyhock. The vir. tues are fimilar to the common mallow, but in a leflor degree. Vid, Hollyhock. M A N A C A. Tbe name of a bacciferous fhrub in Brafil. The root is powerfully emetic and cathartic. It is ufed on fome occaficns by the natives. MANCANELLA. ;••; .ciiinesi T rce. 3. Th-tre are ih.-.-s l.-.cr.---in the Wed-Indies : one if not riorers foUi.d '« Jamaica. Tt-.ey at<*. as large as an oak tree; the juice from the bark, whild frefti, n caudic ; the fruit and leaves have tha Tame effect:, but are eaten by goats. The wood is fawn into plank. It bears a beautiful, but poifonout apple. MANDRAKE. Mandragora. 3. The Mile Mandrake. Atropa Mandra Gora, Lin, This plant it cultivated in the warmer climates, and lomctimos in the more Northern regions. The MAN ai7 The fruit, which is (oft and globular, is called ano- dyne, difcutient, narcotic, and purgative. But it is on- ly ufed internally to difculs tumourt, &c. M AN G A I B A. A fpecies of plum treo in Brafil. MANGROVE.TREE. Vid. Gucparaiba. M A N J A P U M E R A M. It is a large tree, common in the Wcd-Indiei. Tho diftilled water of its flowers is faid to be good in inflam- mations of the eyes. MANNA. Manna, Manna ii tho produce of an afh-tree, called mnnnifera arbor, and fraxinus emus, growing in the Southern parts of Europe, and I fuppofe, in fomo of the warmer parts of America, for it has been ranked with the American productions. Manr.a is thejuice oflhe tree, exuding from every part of tho fame, and lodging on tho ioaves, where it concretei into a more thick confidence; or it ii dried and purified by art. Manna ii a mild and an agreeable laxative ; which may be lately taken by pregnant women, young chil- dren, and thoro labouring under debility. But it will not operate as a cathartic unlefs it ii taken in large dol- es. In fomo it produces flatulence and a didantion of the vifcera. In this cafe join it with a warm and agreea- ble aromatic—It ii rataiy r*iven as a purge by itfelf, bet may be ioined with purging 'alts, or mineral waters, fe- na, rheubarb, or the like.—Joined with emetic tartar, „ is faid o purge off the bile without r.ufea, or griping. —Or caflia may be joined with it. Manna obtunds acrid humouri, evacuates the oHend- ing matter, is good in cought, fevers, p'cu.'iGos, bilious complaint-, gravel, and hooping cough. arS MAR In the graval, mix it with the juice of lemons. In bilioui cafei, with tamarinds ; and if irritation pre* vails, with milk. Whan it it given with emetic tartar, put one grain of tartar into each dofe. Dofe of manna, in lubdance as a purge, il from one to two ouncei or more. MANZ ANILLO TREE. It is undafcribed. MAPLE, BLACK. Acer Nigrus, Black Maple. Ten kinds of maple have been mentioned by Bota- nidf, viz. i. The acer nigrus, or black maple.—-2. Tha acer majus, or great maple, 3. The acer rubrus, or red maple ; and 4, The acer albus, or white maple, &c. but we Ihall only take notice of the factharum or gieat, or fugar maple, and the Virginian *jfh leaved maple, tho juice of which has been called antilcorbutic. This tree is large, and its juice produces maple fugar, and molaflei. Thejuice at it runs from the tree is good in the fcur- vy *, and tha fugar and molaffes for coughs and other dif- orders of the breaft. The fugar it alio ufed in divers kinds of cookery, al well at the molaffei. Soma (weoten their tea, and ipiri- tuoutlquors with this fugar, and make boar, and vinegar of the ju.ce. A maple iteo will flourifh after it has been tapped 42 yearl. People may drink half a pint of the juice three or four times in a day for the (curvy.—Tho negundo, or Virgin- ian afh leaved maple ; an agreeable w*r.e is faid to bo made of thejuice. MARBLE. Maimer. Marl.'- is a genus of calcareoui ftonei, which are nei- ther tranipai-ant hor figured, but capable of oeing finely po'.ifhed, and bcauiiluily figured. Triey are not ufed in MAS 2Ig, in medicine, unlets they are calcined, and become quick- lime, and then they have the fame virtue. Vid. Quicklime. MARIGOLD. r Calendula Officinalis Lin. This plant is cultivated in gardens. The flowers are a light cordial. The juice of the leaves aperient, and the leaves ftimu- lant and aperient. The flowers are ufed in broths and foups. Thejuice loofens tha belly, and promotes the fluid fe- cretions in general; and the leaves are gcod for the: fame purpofei. Dofe. Of the juice three ounces or more. M A R I P E N D U M. This is a plant in the Iflsnd of St. Domingo : anif- tilled water is obtained from the tops, which is held in great edcem there for pains in tbe domacb, &c. MAR L E. Marga. It is an earth compofed of different proportions oF- argillaceout and calcareous earths. Itii di/ided into the (holl and earthy kinds. The firft is eafily didinguifhed by the (hells mixed; with it: its propertiei toeffervefce with acids, and to feitilizc the foil to which it is applied. Tho acid of fea fait is tha bed for ufe when marks are lo be didinguifhed from other earths, or from onoaooih- erin point of goodnefi, for tbe acid diffolve, the ma^le. The contents of all marks are different proportions of clay, fand, and calcareous earths.. The ftone marie, con- fifh chiefly of a calcaieoui earth. M A S A R A N D I B A. A tree which grows in Brafil, that referable! the En- glHJi cherries in all refpeCts, only the fruit it not fo round,., and appears milky.. M..A S.TE.R- WORT, bbo MAY MASTER-WORT. Imperatoria Oftruthium, Lin. , This plant is cultivated in gardens. Tho root is a warm, grateful aromatic, falivant, expec- torant, and laxative. Held in the mouth it excites fpitting ; if fwallowed, it purges ; if infufed in water and *(wcctened with hon- ey, it promotes expectoration. It hat been edeemed good in the colic, flatulent diTor- ders, menftrual obftruClions, coldnefr, to open obstruc- tions, help digeftion, tbe jaundice, afthma, cold diforderi of tbe brain, catarrh, pally, apoplexy, quartan, ague, and if hald in the mouth to eale the tooth ach. Dofes. Of the root in powder, one diachm in wine, to he taken an hour before the fit of an ague. But a common dofe is from half a drachm 10 one drachm. In infufion, two drachms-, MASTICH, Mafliche-Piflacia Lentifeus, Lin, It is a refin called gum maflich, obtained from a free or fhrub termed lentifeus, or lintifk tree, which is an ever. green. , This refin ia a mild corroborant and redringent.—It has been called good in coughs, fpiiting of blood, diar- rhoea, dyfentery, debility, weak dosnach, lax fibres, to Iweeten tbe breath, drengthen tna gums and teeth, ex- cite fpitting, help the ca'airh, and if applied to the na- ve), it flops loolenefr. But it is not much ufed in tha piefent practice. D„fs, from 15 to 30 grains, in an emulfion or fyrup. MAY WEED. Cortula Falida. S'inking camomile. Thii herb growi plent fully in high wayi in many parts of America. Too country people have given an infufion of tho leaves and topi to promote fweat ; but iti medical pow- er! ate not fully known, MEAD, ME C 2*3 MEA D. T6 4-gallons of water, add as much honey as will „ make it bear an egg ; add lo thii, tho rind of three lem- ons, boil and fcum it well as it riles, when it is taken off. the fire, add 3 lemoni cut in pieces, pour it into a tub, let it wci.k three dayi, (cum it well, pour tha cleat- part into a calk, flop it clofe, and in 3 months it will ba fie lioruio: it is an agreeablo liquor. To give it a finer flavour add of clovei, mace and nutmeg of each 4 ^ IN'achms, in powder, put it into a bag, and into theju Jcafe. MEADOW CRESSES. Vid. Lady's Smock, MEADOW SWEAT. Spirea Vlmaria, Lin. \ Called alfo the queen of meadows. . It hat tall, tmootb, reddifh, brittle dalks, and grows - I in meadows, f The whole plant has been called alexipharmic, and i I the leaves adringeot, but with litila foundation. i Tho roots were ufed in fome pladeri, in which they ate fuppofed to have no influence. . MECHOACAN. Mechaacanna. . Convolvulus Mtthoacanna, Lin. , It has been called alfo white jalap, and white thu- *arb. 1 It is the root of a plant found in the provi.-jce oft ' »Mexico. < I It is a mild and (afe cathartic, which is flow in its op- eration. It opens obflruClioni of the liver, fpleen, and myfen- tery, and purge! off grofs terous humours from tho-- whole body, particularly the head, bread and joint! ; is 1 good for the catarrh, epilopfy, atthiia, king'* evil, gout, ' dropfy, and luei venerea. Boiling deftroyi its purgativu ' quality, and thorefore it it bedin (ubftancc, The dofe in ' iwm_«;rio drachm to two, or more. j - ' ' T.z- Vid! S22 MED Vid. Jalap, Wlit:. MEDLAR TREE. Mefpila. 13. This tree is about the fize of an appletree : it it cul« tivated in gardens. The iruit it fo very audare, that it it unfit to be eat- en before it hai been kept a long time. Iti adriogency ia r-reaar than ibat of quincei. But it il not ufed in med- icine in Great Britain. M I L I L O T. Trifolium Melilotus Officinalis, Lin. The leaves and flowers of this plant are refolvent, e- rnollien', and anodyne. Their decoCtion wai formerly employed for abdomi- nal inflammationi, and the fluor albus ; and alfo in e- moilient and carminative glyflen, fomentations and cat-. aplafms, but they are a! mo it out of ufe. MELON, CANTELOPE. Or Cantelope Melon. Melo Cantelopicnfis, It is rot defcribad. MEL O N, M US K. Mufk Melon. Melo Mcfchus. Thefe melons are cultivsted in great plenty both in out. g;>:dens and fields: they are eaten freely by thofe to whom they aie palatable ; but they are apt to putrify in Ihe domach, and therefore ought to have wine, cy- r.-r, fugar, or tome other antiputrefcent joined with. their. MELON, WATER. Waer Melon, •Melo A^A:tt:.;a, Theta MIL -tag Thefe are alfo cultivated in gardens and fields. The fiuit is redringent and antalkalino, and the feeds cooling, emollient, infpiffant, and demulcent. The fruit is good in inflammationi, and ii very wholefome for hot, bilious conditutions. The feeds are among the four greater cold feeds t but are but little ufed in tho prefent practice. M E N T Z E L I A. Il A plant growing in Jamaica, fo called by Father Plum- mer, in honour of Mentzelius. It hat no medical vir. tue. MERCURY. Vid. Quick Silver. MESQUITE, An American treelike the oak tree, bat bearing a pod like a kidney-bean; It is not ufed in medicine. M E T H E G L I N. Vid. Diet. Art.Sci. M E Z E R EON, AMERICAN. Celaflrus Scandens,. American mezareon, or twertwig. Celaflrus, is the daff tree. M I L L F O I L. Millefolium. Common Yarrow. Vid. Yarroto, MILK. Lac. Milk is a compofirion of air, water, oil, mucilage, and ;rfUgiatVw;-.«. torn divers V.rdi of animals ; thc/o ** " - -- ■ - •■ - whica SM4 MIL which afford the bed miik I {hall mention in tho fol- lowing older, viz. i. women's—the bed. 2. Aft't—Tbe next bed. 3. Mare'i—The next bod. 4, Goat'i—The nsxt bed. • 5. Sheep's—Toe next bat!. 6. Cow's—Tho next bed. A milk diet it very wholefome wherever it agrees, with the conditution ; and bafidas iti ufes as food, the' making of butter, cheefe, whey, &c. it ia of great utility! in medicine ; as being demulcent and nutritious ; and' therefore beneficial in confumptiont, debility, fcurvy,. mineral and vegetable poifons, atrophy, gout, ephidio- fit, and dranguiy produced by cantharidei. Externally, it ii good in drynefi of the (kin. tabei or atrophy, (palmodic Contractions of the fibrei, and pains in the abdominal region ; alfo in emollient cataplafms and glyflen. If it is fweetened with (ugar, it provents its curdling; in the ftomach. Milk is hurtful in acidities, febrile and bilioui difor- deri ; thediopfy, pleurify, and cholera morbus, unlefs they proceed from poifons, or a laline, tcorbutic acrimo- ny. It is alfo injurious in tumours of the liver, fpleen, and rnyfontery, becaufe it may increafo tha obftroftioni,. M,lk in feveri tends to putrefaction. When milk is taken in cafes of extreme debility, iti fhould be lucked from tha breaft of a middle agad woman, of a good habit, who lives temperate, and ules moderate exercife. The patient fhould fuck about foul or five hours after the woman has taken her meal*. M Ik drank immediately-after it is taken from a cow,. is called vadly mote, nutritious, than that which has dood till it has become ccol.. When milk difagreoi with a patient, a tea fpoonful of the fpiriti of hattfhorn, put into a pint oF milk, or a. little lime water added thereto pievenn iti ill cffeCli. Vid. Butter, Cheefe, Butter-Milk, srnd Whey. MILK WEED. Herba Latlea. We have a variety of weeds that go under this name. MILK.WORT,. M I N 23: M I L K . W O R T, Vid. Sentka. MILLET GRASS. Milium, from Mille, a Thoufand. So called becaufe of its numerous feeds, which are termed millet. It is a kind of grain, which is fown in the fpring and 'reaped in the fummer; it is ufed as food, and efteemed nutritious, being eafy to diged. MILLET INDIAN; Indian Millet, Milium Indicum, Called alfo forgo, forghum, Melica, This fpecies binds the belly very much. Sa.no feed their bogs and poultry with it. MINERAL WATERS. Aquts iF.neralae, Vel Medicinales. Medicinal or Mineral Waters, (JfcVe have a number of mineral tprings in America ; as one at Lsncafter in Maffachufatts, whofe waters aro good l.i rheumatic complaints; one at Stafford iri Con. 'neCticut, beneficial in cutaneous eruptions, tcorbutic com- rplaints, and feme other diforderi. k One at Saratoga in the State of Newyork : the wa- ters aro emetic, cathartic, and diuretic ; and good in [fcrophulout and rheumatic affeCtioni. • Two in Auguila, in Virginia, of a hot nature, one is called the warm fpring and the other the hot; the former raiies Farenhoit's thermometer to q5 degrees; the wa- ter is called good in therheumatifm. And the latter raifes it lo 112 degreei; thefe waters are faid to be good in many complaints. Theie arc hot tprings at Sckamfchata, which raifes the thermometer to about 200 degrees; thefe waters are mucli employed for medical purpofei. In the county of Berkley, there are mineral fpringi whofe waterf are fcarcely warm: but not very powerful. «6 CAT In the county of Louila, thero is one whofe waters are much ufed. There is alfo another in Wilkes's county in Georgia, whofe waters are called excellent in the confumption, gout, tbeumatifm, fcrdphulous, tcorbutic and other mal- adies. There are alfo a number of other medicinal fpring-, whofe virtues I have not afcertained : but thofe 1 have mentioned are called the moft remarkable for curing difeafes. -■_ Some of our mineral waters are impregnated with a I chalybeate property. Some with a fulphurous : fome with a nitrous, and, other s with a falineous, Sec. MINT. Mentha, 17. There are divers kinds of mint ; and though there. are faventeen fpeciai, we fhall only take notice of tbaj fix following, at being the mod noted in medicine; i. CALAMI NT, ENGLISH. Calamintha Angkcei. Englifh Calamint. It grows in fields and orchards on dry ground*. The Icavei tmell much liko ; '*.".■>y royal, and fpear mint, bm hotter, and its virtues aro fimilar to a mixture of them, An infufion ii a good preparation. Vid. Penny Royal, and Spearmint. 2. C A T M I N T. Nepeta Cat aria, Lin. It is nervine and emmenagogic. ; I An infufion of the leaves opens obdruCtions of the* liver and tplean ; promotes the raentes and lochia ; helps the jaundice, cough, althraa, and it ia ufed of late in the- yellow fever. Thejuice held to the note, excites (neezing, biingi a« way phlegm, and fharpent tho eye fight. Cats e»t this plant till it produces a kind of drunken.. soil. Whence tho name. ,| Dofe** M I N s»7 Dofe. In powder, bait a drachm. In infufion from half a handful to an handful. 3. HORSE MINT. Mintha Equina. It approaches a little towards the nature of penny royal : it yields on didillation an effential oil, but lefs in quantity than fpearmint, it is fomething of the (atna Quality, bat much inferior in degree. 4. M I N T, PEPPER. Peppermint. Mentha Peperita, Lin, It is raited in fome of our gardens. It is a (limulant. It redoret the functions of the ftomach, promotes di- gedion, ftopi vomiting, curei the hiccups, flatulent colic, hyflerical depreffiom, and other like complaint!. . It does not heat tbe conftitution to much as might ba jfepeaed. 6 Dofe. Of thejuice from an ounce to one and an half. ■—The leaves when dry may be drank at a tea.—Of tho oil, from one to two dropi in fugar. Of the diftilled watar, from one to two ounces. 5. MINT, SPEAR. Spear Mint, Mentha Saliva, Mentha Viridis, Lin. Spear mint, garden mint, and green mint. It is dimulant, domachic, carminative, and reftrin- g«nt. A drong inFufion of the leavei il good for a weak ftomach, lots of appatite, naufea, vomiting, gripes, colic paint, lientery, immoderate fluxes, hyderical affsCtiom, languors, and other debilitiei confcquent upon deliveiy, and for a lore mouth and throat if iweetened with hon- ey. The leaves boiled in port wine and applied to the wrifts and pit of tho ftomach, aro faid to ftop vomiting. Thii 2a8 M O N This plant retards the coagulation of milk. Dofes. Of tha leaves in infufion one or two hand, fnls. Of the dry, half as much. Of the eflential oil, from two to three drops in fu< gar. Of the diftilled water, two ounces. MINT, WATER. Water Mint. Mentha Aquatica. Called alfo mentaftrum, and hairy water mint, alfo men tha fylveftris, Lin. Wild mint. It bai the virtue! of horfe mint. Vid. Horfe Mint. MISSLETOE. Viccus Albus, Lin. Itii an evergreen plant, with woody branches van'- oufly interwoven. It grows on the trunks and brancbei of treei. It was formerly fuppofed to be nervine, and wat in high edeem among the ancientt in the tunas of fupertti- tion in former ages; at they bung it about their necki to prevent witchcraft, and took it internally to expel poifoni. It was alfo highly celebrated in epilepfie*, palfiet, convulfiont, and other nervous complaints, but it it not to be depended on, and is thetefure out of ufe. The dofe of the wood or leavei was from half a drachm to a drachm. MOLASSES. Good in the dyfentery, and rheutnatifm. Vid. Sugar, MONEY WORT. Nummularia, Centimorbia. The Englith call it money wort, and the herb two pence. It MO N 329 It is a low, creeping plant, with fquare dalks, and lit- tle fmooth, Toundifh, or hea'rt-fhaped leaves, fet in pairs at the joints. - It grows wild,in moid palture- grounds. It is redringent, antifcorbutic, and vulnerary. lt was called Centimorbia, becaula it wai (uppofei to be good for an hundred difeafes. . Boerhaave adeemed the virtues of this plant to be fim- ilar to a mixture of fourvy grata and (orrel ; bu. Dr. i Hot her by fays, it is weaker than either of them. MONK'S HOOD. Called Aconitum and Napellus. 19. Blue Monk's Hood, helmet flower, and wclf't bane. ' It it cultivated in gardens. This plant is fo very poifonous, that hunters mixed it with meat, bated and dedroyed wolves with it. It operates by a cauftic and fuffocating quality ; i: flops the fwallowing, and corrodes the ftomach. Dr. Stoerk however, has ventured to ti'oan n-'.r.'Ct: made of the expreffed juice .of tho frefh herb, in an in- veterate gonorrhoea, obdinate pains, which followed in- termitting fevers, tophi and nodes, (cirrhous turn-jurs, indurations of the paroled gland*, and in Auchylofir.— His dofe was two grains mixed with two drachms of fino fugarythrice in a aay. The dofet weio incseafed to the amount of half a drachm, tbroe timet in 24 houtt. lt excited a copious dilcharge of fweat, Thofe poifoned by thii plant, fhould tako a large quac- tity of oil and water ; and afterwardi carduus tea, and in thointeivali of vomiting, fome fli nutating cordial: thefe remediei ought lo be repeated till the patient hai recovered. There is another fpeciei of ,V«*r,!-'i Hood, called Antho- ra, and Antilhora, Am her a, and Aconitum Salun/trom, wholefome helmet flower, wholefomo woli'a bar,t, cen- ter poifon Monk'i Hood, and yellow holme: flower ; it il the Aconitum Anthora, of Lin. It is a nat ve of the Alps and Ty rennes, bul I am no: fure that it bat ever been cultivaicd in America. It is fuppofed to be an antidole to the poifonous Aconites, a- bove mentioned. U MONTI .',. ajo MOT M O N T I A. A plant in New Spain watthus named by Dr. Houfltun, in honour of Dr. Monti, Profeffor of Botany at Bononia. It ii of no medical ufe. MOON WORT. Lunar ia. II. It ii a kind of Ofmunda, and is fometimes fo called j but it it not ufed in medicine. MOOSE. This ii a wild animal of the deer kind, with large horns. luflefh is very wholefome food, and its {kins have boen uled for breeches, waidooats, See MOSS. Mufus. There are various kinds of Mtfs, but they are all dif- regarded in the prefent practice. COMMON T H Y M E, and MOTHER THYME. Thymus Vulgaris. Common Thyme. (t is moderately warm, pungent, and aromatic. A conferve of the leaves and flowers is a good preparation. It affordi an effential oil, which put intoa carioui tcoth, is faid to eafe the pain.—Serphyllum, or Mother Thyme, is not fo pungent and powerful as Common Thyme. MOTHER WORT. Leonurus Cardiac a. Lin. Tho leaves of'this plant are called deobftruent, laxa- tive, diaphoietic, diuretic, emmenagogic, antihyderic, antifpafmodic, anthelmintic, and corroborant. An inf^I:on of the leave* and tops, opens obftruCtionfj re'axet tho belly, promotes infenfible perfpiration, urine, and the nun'es ; it good in fpatmodkal, and hvfterical affeCtionr, MUl •-311 affeClions, to dedroy wormi, and drengthon the fyftem. It it alfo good in convulsions, palpitations of the heart, and diforoeri of the ftomach from thick phlegm, MOUSE EAR. Vid. Cbici-Weed. MU'CUNA GUACU. The iargeft and mod beautiful kind of phafeolus, or kidney bean, in Brafil. It grows upon a tree of the fame name. The beans are poifonous, but eafily render- ed fit for food, I fuppofe, by boiling. MUG WORT. Artemifia, Ft is a mild emmenagogic, and antihyfleric. Infufions and decoCtions drank as a tea, make a re- vulfion from the head, promote the mantes, and allay hyderic fpafms. The Europeans ufe it as a pot-herb, and alfo take it in fubdance as a medicine. The exploded juice hai been recommended in fciatic complaints. Bathi and fomentations may ado ba employed in the fame diforder, and for other purpofes. Dofes. Of the herb in powder, one drachm. Of the juice, from one to two ouncei, twice io a day. O/ iho infufion, half a pint. MULBERRY. Morum. Black Mulberries are cooling: and the bark of the root anthelmintic. The fruit is eaten at pleafure ; it abates heat, quench- es thirft,and promotes the groffcr fecretions, liko oth- er fweet fruitt. An agreeable fyrup is made from tha ju;ce of the berries, which is kept in the (hops. Tbe baik of the root is ufed to dedroy worm-. Tha leaves are employed in feeding filk wormt ; for which purpofa the trees fhould not be fuffored to grow high, but kept in a kind of a hedge ; the leaves and young branches BJ2 m ii s branches ought to foe cut off* with fheari, and not pulled off, before they are given to tho wormi. The Dfe, of the bark of the root in powder, is one drachm, MURJOE BUSH. Called Picramnia, and alfp Antidetma. It ii found in Jamaica, where the fhrub rites eight or nine feet high. 1 he whole plant is bitter, and efpecial- iy the berriei. "The Indians ufe a decoCtion of ihem fot oobiliiics of the ftomach, and in venereal cafes.', M.U LL El N. * Verboftum. The virtues'of this plant do not feem to be fully af" ceilained. Once it wai fuppofed to be emollient and demulcent. Dr. Cvllenhy* it belcngt to the acr-d clals : but it is now died a mild aftringent. A decoCtion of the leaves has been utedin confumptions, diarrhoeas, and dyfeoteries ; and the leaves have been applied to ill- conditioned ulcert ; but with fo little fucceft, that this article hat no place in the Pharmacopoeia Londinen/is. MUSHROOM. Amanita. 4. There are four kinds of Mujhrooms. viz. 1. The one above mentioned. 2. The dudy Mufhroom, of Lycoperdon Vulgars, Vid. Puff Balls. g. The pepper Mufhraom, or Agaricus Piperatus. It ii a d;**eroUs poifon. 4. The reddifh Mufhrcom, or Agaricus MtfcariUs, It ii a poifonous vegetable in Great Britain. Dr. Motherby informs, that true hlufhrocms,- called by the French, Champignon, are known by their exterml whitenefr, and by their being of'a pale Vcd wilhin when young, and cf a deeper red' when older. That on in firft appearance, it ii of a roand figure, and not much larger than a fmall nu'. That after'thair membranes are a little unfolded, they appear red,-full and dofe ; on the top is a difagrecabie foftnefi, equal and wtitte, the mat- ter M U S 833' ter within is very white, with fhort thick ftalkl, &c.— They grow in meadows and commons where the (oil is rich : they abound with an oily and faline matter ; and fhould be gathered for eating, at foon after they fpring up as poffible, for if they day long before they are gath- ered, their fain becomo more active and hurtful. Thofe railed In hot beds have the mod oil, and are therefore the lead injuriout when eaten. The eating of Mujbrooms has fometimet produced very dangerous fymptomi and even death ittelf. It is not long fince I (aw an account in a newfpaper, which men- tioned the death of a Frenchman, fuppofed to be occa- fioned by his eating Mujbrooms. Tho caufe of their proving injurioutto tome people, hat been imputed to a number of fmall worms, in tho forms of adders, with fcarlet headi, which may be obferv- ed with a good glafl, in diveri parts of the Mujbrooms. Therefore, when thay are aaten, if eaten at all, they fhould he wafhed in fait and water, wall examined, and, thofe having worms fhould bo thrown away, Thofe injured by eating Mujbrooms, aro feizsd with qualminefi, ficknefa, fwelling of the ftomach and belly, rodleffneft, giddinels,palpitation, heart-burn, cholic, hic- cough, diarrhoea, tcnefmu*, flufhingt, radnefi of the* (kin, fwelling of tbe face, dating, difficulty of breathing, confufion, delirium, trembling, fainting, cold fwcatt, apoplexies, convulfiom, &c. To remova thefe fymptomi, give as foon as poffible, from jo to 20 grains of white vitriol, diffolved in warn-* water; and if tha ficknefs continues after the operation is over, repeat the dofes. When thb naurea ii- gono give vinegar and water, fweetened. Inject glyfteri, and - adminifter purgatives. Continue the vinegar, and let the patient diink cyder, and perr.y. If a pally commenc- es, finapiftn blifters, and electricity may be ufeful. But 1 advifo all mankind not to eat any part of this vary poifonous vegetable. MUSK MELON. Vid. Melon Mufk. MUSK SEED, Abelmofchus. U a. Tuo *3+ M Y R The plant that produce's thefe Weds grows in the Weft- Indies. They ara cordial. .*■.)-?■ They ara chiefly employed'in perfumes. The Arabs mix them with their coffee;' Their medical properties are not fully known. MUSTARD, B L A C K and W H I T E. Sinapis Nigra, et Sinapis Albus. Muftard feed is ftimulant, expectorant, emetic, purga. live, aperient, and ooifpaftic, . It ftttrmlates the folidt, attenuate! the fluids, excites an appetite, promotes digeftion, increafes the fluid fecreti. lions, htlpi the palfy, rheumatifm, fcutyy, millreek, loofens.tr e belly, and if given in whey, excites, urine, and helps low fevers.—-If the powder or the feeds i< giv. en in large dofesi.it jn.duc0s.yo1nit.ing, and taken whole proves laxative. Applied externally- in cataplafmi, it relieves rheumatic paini, and paralytic affections. Laid to the foloi of the feet in the low dago of acute difor- deri, it raifes tho pulfe, and eafes, pain ; but it often oc- cafioni blidert in the part. . Tbe poultices are prapaatod by mixing the powder of Ihe feeds with an equal quantity of white bread. Dofi-., Of the wl>ple leeds,; a fpoonful in water. Of the powder, a tpoon f.ul or two in a pint of warm water,, when ufed as an emetic. The white muftard feed >* lets pungent, and therefore not fo good for external purpofei as ue black kind. MUTTON SUET. Sevum Ovillum. It is much ufed in the apothecaries' (hops, in the making of divers kinds ointments, at well as hogs' lard. It is e- moUien', and therefore good for relaxing rigid parts, though of a thicker confidence than that of the twine. It is alfo ufed in tho making of candles, and for man}! 01 her purpofei, MYRTLE, h'yrtus. It is an evergreen fhtub, growing in tho warmer cli- mate.-, Tho NE.T ;,35 Tha betfies are mildly reftringent, and corroborant. They have bean ufed in alvine and uterine fluxei, and diforders from laxity and debility; but are not regarded in the prefent practice. There is alfo an American myrtle, or wax tree. Vid. Wax Tree. NAVEW, SWEET. Naput. Sweet navew or navew gentle, the French turnip. Decoctions of their roots have been recommended in. coughs, and other diforders of the bread. The feeds have the virtues of thofe of the common muftard ; only they aie much weaker. NEGUS. This ia a liquor frequently drank in London. It con- fids of wine, water, lemon juice and fugar, which mix- ture ia commonly drank warm. It is very palatable and falutary if ufed with modora- ' tion. NEPHRITIC WOOD. Lignum Nephriticum, Guilandina Moringa, Lin. Dale thinks it is the wood of tbe tree which bears tho ben-nut. According to Dr. Motherby, it is fomewhat aftringent, and hai been efteemed good in diforders of the urinary paffages ; but it hat not been brought into general ufe, by reafon of its inefEcacy. Some have called it a diuretic. NETTLE, DEAD. Dead-Nettie. Lamium. 17. Among the various fpeciei, there are 1. Lamium album, white archangel, or dead nettle. 2. Lamium ruhrum*. Red archangel, or fmall dead settle. 3. Lamium *36 N I G 3, Lamium maeulatum, or fpotted archangel. 4. Lamium luteum, or yellow archangel. lnfufiont of them have been commended in the fluor albus, but they are not to be depended on. NETTLE, STINGING. Stinging Nettle. Urtica diocia, Lin. The common nettle. The juice is called aftringent, and the leaves a pow. erful rubefacient. The juice is good in nephritic complaint!, internal haemorrhages, and fpitting of blood. The'decoCtion for bloody urine, and the beginning of phthifis. Thejuice (nuffed up the note flops its bleeding ; and a leaf put upon the tongue, and pretlad againft the roof of the mouth is good for tbe fame diforder. Stinging the parts affected with nettles, helps the pal- fy, lethargy, and febrile dupidity ; for the lad com- plaint, tbe leaves may be applied to the arms, legs, and thighs. Nettles whan young are a very wholefome pot herb. The dofe of the juice,.or decoCtion ii from two to four ounces, N H A M B I. A plant in Brafil, whofe leaves, when chewed, tarda like mudard or madurtium, and if rubbed on a bubo, prefently removei it. N H A N DU. Called alfo piper caudalum. It ii a fmall fhr-jb which growi in the woods in Bra- fil, and bean a (peciet of katkint, fur! of round blackifh' feodt, ai large at thofe of the poppy, and with a lade much relembling that of pepper. NIGHT SHADE. Solanum Horttn/e, Solatium Vulgart, Stlinum N O B ^ 237 Sclanum. .Nigrum.. Garden night (hade, common night thade, and black night thade. Either of tbefe may be indifferently ufed. One grows in gardens, and the other in uncultivated grounds. Its berries are black. . .. . The leavei are cooling and poifonous. They are ufed in cancerous diforders, and foul ulcers accompanied with pain. In tcorbutic, and fcrophulout diteafes, and obftinato paini in particular parts. In infufion they purge off tbe bile. The leaves beat into a poultice with white bread, or bruifed and applied alone, abate .the violence of inflam- mation in the eyei, eafa the head-acb, pains in tha ears, land help acrid deductions, and inflammations 'of the ■Venereal kind, paint from tcirrhous tumouis, as well as Ihofe oF a (cropiiulous and cancerous nature. Tae infufion commonly operates by fweat, and tho next day by (tool; or if a fweat does not break out, theie ii a confiderable difcharge of urine. i In plethoric habiti, bleeding and purging fhould pre- cede its ufo ; or if the ftomach is foul give an emetic, be- fore (hefolanum ii entered upon. A fever is no objection itoits ufe. ■/The leaves may be ufed frefh or dry. Dofe. Infufe half a grain in an ounce-of boiling wa- llop and take it at bed time : repeat tbe dote every night, and gradually increafo tho fame if tho patient can bear it. Sometimes one dofe will be enough for two or three days. In fomo the dofe has been increaied to twelve grains, NITRB. Nitrum, Vid. Salt. NOBLE LIVER WORT. Hepatica Nolilis. It is a low plant, which has no ftalkl, but pedicles of leaves and flowers. It grows wild, and is alfo cultivated in gardens. The 238 OAK The leaves are called cooling, and moderately reftrit* gent and corroborant. - It has been employed in a diabetes, fpitting of blood bloody urine, and dyfentery to ftrengthen the domach and other parts ; for which purpofes an infufion of th herb may be drank as a tea, or a powder of the leave may be taken. The dofe of tha powder it two drachms. NUCIBUS CARENS. It it a tree in Brafil. N U T - M E G. Nux Mofchata. 'I It is faid lo be tbe pioduCl of a tree growing in th< Ifland of Tobago : this tree is ca'le d by Linnaeus, Myri, ftica Officinalis. Nut megs are a warm agreeable aromatic, being alfc ftimulam and adringent. Good in weaknofi of appetite, naulea, and vomiting, efpecialiy in a time of pregnancy, alio in diarrhoeas an] dyfentenec. But if taken too freely they excite an uneafy fonlalion in the domach, and affect the head. It adordi an oil, fpirituous tincture and an exlradj which are better for a weak domach than tha nut in iubftance. Some take it loaded. Dofes. In fubfiance, from 15 to 30 grains. Toaded, one drachm. Of the effential oil from 1 drop to 4, in fugar. NUT-VIRGINIAN. Nux Virginiana. It is about tho lhape and fize of a filbsit, being the product of a tree in Virginia. It contain! a hard ftone, with a white globular ketnsl, of a bitterifh tafte and aromatic tmell. It is antilcorbutic, deobdruent, and warming. OAK. Quercus, 9, w« 189 OAK We have different fpecies of oak, in America, as I. The Black Oak,—Qtiercui nigrus. t. The Black Jack Oak,— Quercus aquaticus. 3. Tho Chefnut Oak,—Querent caftaneus. ■ 4, Tho Grey Oak,—Quercus cincreus. 5. The Live Oak,~—Quercus vivus, velfempervircns. 6, Tho Red Oak,—Quercus rubrus. •t. The Shrub Oak,—Quercusfruticofus, velpulmilm. 8. The White Oak,—Querent albus. 9. The Yellow Oak, &c.—Querentfiavus. Not much has been faid concerning the medical prop. srties of thefe trees ; the bark of the white oak, however, ii called a powerful aftringent ; and the other parts of the tree, are faid to have the fame quality. Thii bark hai boon recommended in alvine fluxei, flu- or albus, procidentia recti, and to ftop the gangrene of wounds and ulcers. The juice of the tree is called good in cafes of bloody urine. The"sapplication of water, found in hollow white oak flumps, is faid to cure warn. F The powder of the roafted acorns hai been ufed in tha By fernery. k The decoction is prepared by boiling two or three ■a-nces of tha bark, in a quart of water. f Dofes. Of tbe decoCtion, from one to four ounces. Of thejuice, from half an ounce, to two ouncei; Of the powder of the acorns, from one drachm to two. Some have fuppofed that the bark of the red eai, is full at efficacious in the cure of intermittent:;, and other diforderi, at the con. peru. but I believe it is a miftake. The following has been called a cure for a cancer, viz. Boil the afhes of a bufhol of red oak bark, in tRroe gallons of water till two thirds is coniumed ; (train the liquor, and boil it again to the confidence of cream, fpread lomo of it on lint, or a piece of filk, end apply it to the can. etr ; renew ihe plader every two hours ; from four to twelve pladers commonly deftroyi the roots of tho can- cer, and works a complete cure. Dr. Bartram, in his excellent treatife upon Botany, gives us an account of the live oak, or queicus fempervi- Tins, an evergreen tree, growing in Florida, &c. It bears OCH s{« a prodigious number of fmall acorns, which have a fweet agreeable tade when roafted, and yields an oil,, which it ufed by tho Indians in cookeiy, as the cooking of hom- iny, rice, Sic. They alfo eat the acorns when roafted. OAK OF JERUSALEM. Botrys. 2. There are two. Ipecies of this oak, the above is called thenopoiium Botrys, and tho other Botrys Mexicans, or Cbcnopodium Ambrofioides. Mexico Tea. Both of thefe. plants, are natives of the Southern parti of Europe ; but are, cultivated in garden! ; and both have alfo tbe fame virtuei. They are carminative, pectoral, antifpafmodic, anti- hyderic, and emmenagogic. Infufiom of tha leavei and tops drank aia tea,are for- viceable in chronic caiarrhi, humoural aftbmai, coughs and other diforderi of the breaft ; alfo to allay fpalms, help hyflerical complaint!, and promote the monies. But a tinCtuie of the leaves and feedt in rectified fpir. its is more efficacioui in thefe diforderi. OAT. Avena. Oats are nourifhing and drengthaning. Gruels made of oatmeal, are eafy of digedion ; are mucilaginoui and there'ore good to obtund acrimony in inflammatory dil- ordert, coughi, hoaifenei't, fevots, roughnefi and oxulcerationi of the iauce^ The meal is alfo ufed in fome places in the making of bread, and elpocia/ly in Scotland. Vid. Bread. * OAT GRASS. t Vid. Grafs, Wild. OCHRE. Othra. It O L I 241 It is afoft friable ore of iron, found in various parts of the earth ; being of a yellow colour, and ufed as a pig- ment by painters and dyers, 10 impart colours to botliei, or to imitate particular colours. It is not ufed in medi- cine. • I am informed, that a confiderable quantity of yellow tchte, has been found in Chederfield mountain, in the ftate of New-Hampfhire. O L A M P I. Tbe name of a gum which referable! the gum-copal, and is found in America. Lemery fays, it is fweet to the tade and fomewhat af- , iringent. OLIVE. Oliva. Olives are the produft of an evergreen tree, growing in tho '.-.-turner climates, as Carolina, Florida, tho V.'eil- Indies, &c. The olives themfelves are expectorant, detergent, and ant alkaline. Tho expiefTed oil is anthelmintic, and emollient, being nearly of the fame virtue of t,io oil of almonds. Pickled olives are fuppofed to attenuate vifcid phlegm, excite an a;^ elite, and promote d gelt ton. The oil it good in coughi, hoailen-ifTe;, 21-d to deftioy wormt; it it alfo ufeful in the dyfenteryf cholic, gr'ping paini, plague, coftiveno's, vegetable poiion, and t!,e biles of Vipers and rattlalnakej. It is Ikewife ufed in glyderi, mixed wilh the yolk of an egg. The dof* of the oil, isfroaajpne to twg table fpoonful*. It fliould bo ufed freely bothinternaliy andcxernJiy in vcg'.-i>!>:■*■ and animal poifoni. No family ought to live, tviii, ,. 1:, where there is danger of being poiioned. OLIVE BARK. Cortex Oliuarum, Or Cortex Olea Atr.cncr.na. Whether this is the bark of the common 'olive tree, or of fome ether I am not informed. W ONION, S42 ONI ONION. .' AH um Ce/a. The common onion. Onions are dmulant, expectorant, diuretic, infjjiitant, arUalkalinr, and powerfully anlifeptic, according 10 Dr. Lewis.—When boiled, -mollicnt, attenuant, and diuretic, accord in g to Dr. Wa/lis. They aie good in cold, phlegmatic, and flugg:fri temp. eramentt ; as they ..arm iba habit, attenuato vilcid nu- mours, and promote the natural excretions, partictilaily expeCloration and urine ; help the fcurvy and ref.d pu- trefaction; diflolve gravelly concretion-, moie than oth- er alcalafcent plants. Roaded and applied to the region of the pubes ibey promote urine in cluldron. Cataplafmt ol onions draw the fire out of boms, and (often hard tumours. Cut in fl ce-, and rubbed upon the head when bald, are (aid to piomote the growth of hair. In l-gi, a man, aged jt, wai cured of the ftone by taking tnooxpieffed ju'ceof red onions, and horfe mint ; though ho took a ftrong decoction of the latter bccaufd the herb was cry ; in about a week the flone began to dif- fjlve, and the cur-: was completed in about fix monihs, Thii dilcovery was made by a Negro, in Virginia, who obtained his freedom thereby. O'dors, 'oo dcely eater, are faid to produce in fome hot bilious conftitufion-, flifu'ence, thirfl, head ach, tiouble- iomc dream*, and fetinle fymptoms. Dofe. OT the juice is one j-ll, morning and evening. with the addition of the lame quantity ol the ju'ce of horfe mint. ONION WILD. Wild Oven. Cepa Sylveftre, Tnofa grow plentifully in low rooif! landi in many parts of America, particularly in the ftate cf New-Yolk, 2nJ tlie Jiifier. Wle-v cows fcid upon them in the fprin? of the year, not only thv'r ■•■•'•k, *hi* the butter m.ide ftoroit, is im- riegnated with tl o difasrecable odour of the onions,— T>;ey are cot u'cd in m:dlcin». O P U N T I A. O R P QPU NTI -A. •M3- A fpeciei of caSui. A fhrub, or tree, growing in Carolina, &?.. The fruit is call-ad- the prickley pear.—If ea'.cn it turns- the urine, and milk in women's, bresfti red. ORANGE. Aurantium, it Citrus Aurantia; Lin. *.* This is the fruit of a tree growing in the warmar cli- mates : it is an evargreen. The (ruit is large, round, and yellow : It it called the poet's golden apple, , Orange Peel, is aromatic, dlmulant, llomachic, and corroborant. Tae fruit iianta'kaline, antifeptic, and antifcorbutic. The juice is refrigerant, antifeptic, and antifcorbu- tic. The peel drengthem the domach, and givei an agree- able flavour to medicinal preparations. The fruit deflroys alkaliot in the human body, refit(li putrefaction, is good in fcurvioi, fevers, and diarrhceis, Theju'ce.il an axcellent antilcorbut c, arid of gr*a* ufe in inflammatory and other diforderi, whether acute or chronic. The fpirituous diftilled water, is a good cordial. Dofes. Of the peel in powder, from a fcruple to a drachm. Of the diftilled water, one ounce, O RP1 N E. Ci affiles, z. Sedum Telephium, Lin. Common Orpine, or live-long. Their leaves are anti-inflammatory, but are fo weak ihat they aro fcarcely ever ufed in practice.—One kind of orpine i 1 called wali pepper. It b'idari tha (k-n, and taken internally excitet vomiting. But rightly managed it helpi the fcurvy and quartan a^usi. ORRIS. 244 dYS 0>R R I S, FLORENTINE. lrisfiorentina, vel Iris ftore albo. Florentine Orrii, or White flower do luce. It is fuppofed to be only a variety of the common Iris, or purple flower de luce. The root is attenuant, expeftoranf, and cathartic. It attenuates vifcid phlegm, greatly promotes its dif- eharge, purges downwards, and is ufeful in the dropfy. It is cut in the form of peas', and ufed for promoting a difcharge in iffues. Tbe powder of tbe root excites fneezlnr*. It is employed in perfumes and for flavouring liquori. Dofe. Of the dried root, from a fcruple to a drachm. Of toe juice from three lo four fcruples. O U M A R Y TREE. Arbor CopOvieh Occaffbu. I can find no defcription of this tree.' OX, BULL, COW, HEIFER. Bos. Taurus, faced. Burula, The tiefh of thefe animals is nourifhing ; bull beef, when they have become old, is not called (o good as that of tho ox, cow, or heifer, A) a medicinal article we may reckon the! beef tea. Vid. Beef I a. OX EYE D £ I S Y. Vid. Daify. OYSTER. Qftrea, el Teft/e Ofterorum. Oyflcn and their fhellr. Dr. Motherby fays, it it an excellent diet, if eaten raw, tor thofe who diged flowly, and whofe ftomie'ris abound with acidities. Their fhells calcined, are good abfotb- tnti, which are frequently ufcdto tf.o.ir.eCt acidity in the prima via, Vid, Lime, SACAL. 11 ^ L «^ P A C A L. A tree in Peru, the afhes of which are mixed with foap for the euro of leprous diforders ; the mixture is- ufed as an ointment. P A CO - C A ATI N G A. 3. It is a coniferous fpecies of Brafilian canna. The dalk of this plant,if chewed, occafioni a fpit- ting ; if tbe faliva is fwallowed when thii dalk ii chew- ed, it cures a gonorrhoea in a few days ; it it alio a fort of lithontriptic. P A C O E I R A. The mufa or plantain tree.. Vid. Plantain Tree. P A COU R I I. „ A very large tree in the ifland of Maragnan, belong- ing to Brafil. PAD U S. Cerafus Avim nigra, cerafus raamofa. The wild cluder cherry, the bird'i cherry. It growi on rocky mountainous places. The fruit is hung about the necks of children to curat* the epilapfy. Padut is alfo a name for the lauro cerafus, or laurel 1 cherry. PA Ki This is found in tbe catalogue of American vegeta*- blei, but it ii not defcribed. PALMA CH RI STL Riiinui. Vid. Caftor- Oil Bufh. I *;".' :' Wa. FALM?. *"•"* -> r- \ ■-1& P A L PALM, DWARFS Palma Minor.. The Dwarf Palm. ; The frait it adtingont. It grows in tho Weft-Indies, PALM, NOBLE. -;■'.-■* *»».<•;• t Palma Nobilis. -„-iT . The Noble Palm. Vid. Cabbage Tree. PALM, PINE. Palma Pints. it is a tali tree, which relembles both the palm and the pint. PALM OIL. Palma Oleum. The tree that produces thii oil ii called Palma Oleofa, li\. and mackaw tree. Vid, Mackaw Tree. The tree is tall and unbranched, with long reed-like leaves, elegantly difpoted on the top. Several fpeciei of it are met with* in the warmer cburrtrfei, as Jamaica*. Barbadoes, &c. . ' The oil it obtained by prefling the fruit-, and fom'o- timei by bruiting and boiling it in water: it is of the confiftence of butter, and of an orange colour; or ratha-tV yellow inclining to red, but by long keeping it grows pale, and then it is to be- rejected. This oil hai been called emollient, anodyne, antifpaf- modic, and corroborant. Tho peoplo in Guinea, and in the Cape Verd ifiands ate it in their food ai we do butter. ., It ii rarely given internally in Great Britain, but ap- plied externally for paint, weak nervoi, cramps, fprains, sbilblains, and bardneft of the belly. fALM TREE. , Palma. 30; ,l>n'-, - There are-thirty fpecies, but thole already mentioned, ara P A k »,# ate all that 1 kncrw of, that are rioted in medicine, which grow in America. PANIC GRASS. Gramen Arundinactum. Reed Grafs. It is a fpecies of tbe common reed. The root is only ufed, and feems to have no very remarkable medical vir. lue. PAPAS; i' ^' ' Vid. Pctatoti. PAP AVER SPINO.SUM. Called Argemone Mneicana. Purging Thiftle. Its juice is called glaucium, and is ufed externally, as a cooling remedy. PAPER TREE. Papyrus.—Arbor Copeia. Jt grows in Hifpaniola. Tbe paper tree afforded to ihe Egyptian's fo6d, furni- ture for beds, and other utenfils for houfes, fails for fcips, (hoes for priefti, and paper. P A R A G U A. Cdjfine. South-Sea tea, it grows it Carolina. Vid. lea. PAREIRA B R A.V A. *■ Cijfampettn Pareira, Lin. Vid. Wild Vine. PARKINSON. ■'• ■"■■■ Parkinfonrtt. -J«^./>/«w good in fpafme, to promote expectoration*, for the whooping Cough, hyfterical complaints, obstruc- tion! of the men'r-, and rheumatic, and fciatic diforders. The expreffad iiice is recommended in the whooping eough, and the effjntial oil, in hyflerical affections, it hai been faid that the odour of this barb will drive cff 9aas. Dofes. Of the oil, from ore to five dropi in fugar.— Of the didilled water, half a jill. Of the in'ufion, half a pint. By the Encyclopaedia, it is aperient, deobftru:nt, and antihyfteric. P ENO i&t PEP PENOABSOU. A tree in America, whofe bark is very fragrant, and wbofo fruit, which is of the fize of an orange, contains from fix to ten nun, from -which an oil it expteffed.—. The fruit is. poifonous, but the oil ii uled to cure wounds received by poifoned ariowi. PEONY. Pteonia, 12. Both the male and female Peonies have nearly tho fame virtual ; but as the latter ii the Urged, and moft elegant, it is commonly uled in the fhopi. Its roots and feeds have been efteemed emollient, cor- roborant, and lightly anodyne. They have been employed in obftruClions, and ero. fiont of ihe vifcera, heat of urine, pains in tho kidnios, fpafms, and the opilqpi'y. It appears by the chymical experiments, that they hriMf a corroborating power. In tbe courle of my practice, I could never difcoyel that, they were beneficial ; and Dr. Culie.i could not Snfl a practitioner, who could give teftimony of their virtug from experience ; and he wai fufpicious that the piaffl contain poifonous qualitiei, and that they belong to'^U acrid c'afi ; and I believe they are now juftly expunged] from the London Pharmacopoeia. djjt Tie Dofe of the rcot in powder, wai from 30 to^JBoJ grains. In decoCtion, from two drachmi to half an] ounce. Of the feedi in infufion, from half an ounce fq\ an ounce. ' ] -PEPPER, BIRD. -J Bird Pepper. It ii the bafii of a powder brought from the Weft-In- dies, and fold under the nam- of Cayan pepper ; and il only a fpecies of tb*i GuH-ea per-oer. Vid. Guinea Pepper. PEPPER, BLACK. Piper Nigrum. Black Pspper. Called PEP *53 Called alfo Molago-codi, Melans-piper, Lada, Molanga, Piper Aromati cum, Spice, Black Pepper. It is the fruit of a plant or tree which grows in Java, Malabar, &c. in the Eaft-lndiea ; and although it has been claffed with our American productions, yet I am not certain that it wai ever cultivated in thii quarter of the world. It is ftimulant and errbine. Good in cold diforders ; to drengthen the lax fibre., excite an ofcillation, in- create the motion of tho blood, adiddigedion, and pro- voke venery. if five or fix kerneli are (wallowed whole, it is faid to put a tuddenxheck lo a diarrhoea. But if ufed top freely, it difpofei the vifcera to inflammation lsd proves very 'rsjunoui in acrimonious humouri. The dofe in fubdancr, it from one grain to ten. In in. fufioo, a fcruple. It hai baen ufed in gargarifms, and in fneezmg powderi. PEPPER, GARDEN. Garden Popper. f Thii appear! to be only a name for the Guinea Pep- Per, becaufe it is raifed in gardens. Vid. Pepper, Guinea. j PEPPER GRASS, Lepidium lalifohum, Lin. '" Called alfo Pepper Wort, Dutander, and the poor man'i Pepper. The whola plant is hot like pepper. Another fpecies is called Sciatica Creffes, and Lepidium Grnminio folio, it it the Lepidium iberts, Lin. The firtt of thefe plants growl wild, by the fides of rivers in thady places. The (scond u.cultivated in gar- dsns for culinary ufei. Both of thefe plants are recommended as aperients, attenuants, domachic, antifeorbutic, and anlifeptic. They are ufed for the fame purpofei as the garden fcurvy graft, and the garden creffes, having much the fama geneial viitues : hence, they are good in fcorbutic complaints, when the vifcid juices are in fault, and tho X c'lfiotootic »54 PEP chylopontic organi are weak ; in rheumatic and wander- ing paini of long continuance, the tcorbutic rheumalitm, and for promoting the fluid (ecretions, particularly that of urine. If beaten and applied to tha part affeCted, they help tha fciatica, by irritating and drawing the blood and hu- mours to tho tkin. The dofe of the leavei in powder, is from two drachmi to half an ounce in wine, in the morning, fafting. P E P P E R, G U I N E A. \ Piper Indictm. 5. Guinea Pepper. J It is in long, roundifh, taper pods, divided into two 1 or three cells full of fmall, whitifh (eeds. It is a native-. of the Eaft and Wed Indies ; but it cultivated in our 1 gardens. There are four fpeciei of Guinea Pepper, viz. the chilckotts, chilterpin, ttnalchiles, and chilpelagua ; alfo an. oth<>r in Peru, called agy. Guinea Pepper it dimuiant. : . It is chiefly employed for culinary purpofei, though-! of late it hat been introduced into medical praCtiee ;and ' iieltoamed beneficial in morbid difpofitions in Africa, callid Cackex-a Africana, and which has been confidor- ed as tho mod frequent and fatal predifpofition to dif. eafe among the flaves. It hat been employed in a fpe- ciei of cyr.anciio maligna, which proved fatal in the We-l-Indie/, as it refilled the power of tiio Peruvian bark, wine, and other remedies Powdered and digeded in brandy, it has been ufed ex. ternally, and found ufaful for rheumatic con-plaints from a cold caure. It has alfo been taken iuie.-nally for the I tame diforder. ^ Dofe. Of tlte powder, from fix to eight grains, in the form of a pill. Of the tincture prepared with brandy, f from one drachm to three, 1.1 a luabler of water. 1 PEPPER, JAMAICA. Jamaica Pepper. Vid. All Spice. PEPPER, PER sc*- PEPPER, LONG. Piper longum, Lin. Long Peppar. It is faid to be the production of an Eaft-Indta t>!ant, of the fame genus of that which produces the black pep- ( P'r- This fpice is about an inch and an half in length, and is more hot and pungent than the black pepper t other. wile iti virtuet are fimilar. PEPPER, WATER. Perfscaria. Water Pepper. r Polygonum Hydropiper, Lin, Called alfo biting arfmart, lake-waed, culrage, &c. It is antifeptic, aperient, and diuretic. The leaves refill putrefaction, open obftruClions, and promote urine ; and are efteemed good in Icurvte*, ca- - chexies, humoral afthmas, hypochondria, nephritis, nan. tiering gout, and fuppreflions ol urine. The frefh leavei applied in dimulating cataplaftns, are good in foul ulcers, and for deftroying fungous fltfh. PEPPER, WHITE. Piper album. White Pepper. It is tha fruit of the fame plant that producei the black pepper, and is only decorticated by being macsrated in water, which makes it appear white. It has the fame virtue as tbe black kind, PERRY. Potus ex piris ccnfeclus. This liquor is the expreffed juice of paari, and partake* of the nature of the fruit, as much at cyder does of tho nature of apples. rr Vid, Pears. PER U VI A.N 256 • P E T PERUVIAN BARK-TREE. Arbor cortex Peruvianus. This grows fpontaneoufly in the hilly parts of Quito, in Peru ; it is commonly about fifteen feet high, and fix inches in diameter. In South America it is propagated from its foeds. The baik oF this tree is called diaphoretic, emmena- gogic, infpiflant, anlifeptic, aftringent, corroborant, ton. ic, and'febrifuge. It is a very celebrated remedy in many difeafes, as in the intermitting fever, and thofe of a malignant, putrid kind ; contagious dyfenteries, fmall pox, meaflei, gan- grene, mortifications, haemorrhages, nervous and con- vulfive complaints, fpitting of blood, pleurify, peripneu- mony, empyema, Unconditioned ulcers, phihifn, fcroph. ula, tickets, fcurvy, dropfy, &c. It ftrengthens the domach, helpi digeltion, difcuffai wind, raifes the pulfo, increafes the elaftxity of tho vrffsls, promotet the po- ridaltic motion of theMntedme-, tho circulation of the fljid*, ie(i;ls putrofaCtion, helpi menftrual obftiuctioni from debility, drengihem the folidt, and invigorate! tha fyflem in general by giving new life and vigour to tho circulatory veffeli. In fhort, it is an excellent medicine, which hai faved tho lives of millions of the human fpe- cies. This tree ought to be cultivated in all climates wheia it will grow. Large dofes prove cathartic. I have taken two ouncei of it in a day myfelf, in an intermitting fever. The bed mode of adminiftering of it, is in fubdance, . in yvine, brandy, and water, fweeiened, or in any other convenient vehicle. The dofe, in (ubflance, is from one fcruple to two drachmi. Io putrid fevers, and mortification--, it fhould be giv- en oftan. PETTY MORREL. Narduf 'tmericai.us. It ii alfo called flout Wort, Gout Root, Spikenard, i,e Life of Man, &c. r It PI K 257 It grows in gardens and pailures, and bears a great number of black berriei, which hang in clutters, and are fomewhat larger than thofe of the common elder. This plant ought to be cultivated more than it it. The.o berries are balfam c, cordial, and anodyne.— The medical powers of this plant are not fully known.___ 1 think the berriei lofe a part of their virtue by drying. Thii plant it much ufed by tbe Indians. The roots have been efteemed good in gouty com- p'.-ints ; and I have uled a decoction of them with fuc- ceft, in that diforder. The berriei, when ripe, infufed in an equal quantity of brandy and water, make an excellent cordial, which is very palatable and reviving, and highly beneficial for 'jputy_ pairs in tho ftomach and elfewhere. The berries, ,'eaten in fubftance, are alfo good in the fame malady.-— ' Tboy cured me of the gout in the domach, when other remedies failed. Dec. Fill a glafs bottle about half full of lie ripe berrier, immediately after they aie gathered, and thee fill the bottle with a mixture of half brandy and half wa- iter. Take a fmall glad of ihe liquor feveral times in ?. day, upon an empty domacb. P1CKREL. Vid. Pike. PIGEON BERRY. Vid. Gargit. PIGEON PEA. djiijus cajan. A native of the Wed-Indiet. Tbe e-ds -ire binding, nourifhing, and good in dyfenieriei, in wet It-Jum. PIKE, P I C K R E L, or Jack Lucius. A wholefome fifh. Tho Pike it found in frefh wa- iett : thay often weigh from one to five or fix pounds ;. though fOme are much larcer. It has been faid, that one was caught in Lake Chatnplain, that- weighed 36 pounds? Kt PILE 2$8 PIN PILE.WORT. Vid. tbe leffer Celandine. PINE APPLE. Ananas. Bromelia, Lin. It is cultivated in tho Wed-Indies. No fmit comes up to the pine apple, either for its beau- . tiful colour or delicious flavour. It (hould be gathered ' and eaten as toon as it it ripe, which it known by its ftrong and agreeable tmell, ai well ai foftnefs. The juice of the ananas, makes excellent wine, good in naufoa, and to provoke utine. A confection made of this f ruit, hat been efteemed good to redoro a weak conditution. F: PINE. Pinus. We have various fpecies of pines in America, as i. The black or pitch pine. Pinus Nigrus. a. The fir pine. Pinus Abies, Vid. Fir Tree. 3. The hemlock pine. Pinus Cicutus. Vid. Hemlock' Tue. 4. The latch pine. Pinus Larix. 5;. The fpruee pine. Pinus Bellus. 6. The white pine. Pinus Albus. •y. The yellow pine. Pinus Flavus. The fiuit of thefe trees is a large cone, which contain* Ihe feed. The pitch pine, affotdi a turpentine which is ufed in making wax, pla Hen, pitch, tar, &c When this tree falls, the limbs often run into the ground as far as tho trunk of the tree, and when the tree roil away the knots commonly remain found for many years, only their fap is rotted away. Thefe knots being dug out of the --round, and boiled in water, afford a refin, which has been employed as a Itrengthening p.ailler for (praini, and other dobilities of the fyftems, and the water in which the knot hai been boiled, hai been given after all the rofin hai been fcummed off, in old obftmate cought, fpitting of blood, and woakneli of tha iungs, and is called advanugeous, The PIN aS9 The^r tree yields a fine balfam. Vid. balfam of fir. Vid. alfo hemlock tree. As to the larch pine, it is common on the Alps, and feveral parts of Germany ; and it mentioned among our American production!, it affords the Venice turpentine, which is very ufeful in medicine. The fpruce pine, is an antifcorbutic. | V'd. fpruce tree. The white fine yields a rtfin, that is ufed in drawing plaifters, &c. And as to the yellow pine, it is ufed as timber for boards, plank, &c. but not in medicine. For a further account of the virtues of the production* of pine trees, Vid. turpentine, tar, and pitch. PINK, COMMON. Caryophyllus Vulgaris. Common Pink. \ It it the name of feveral beautiful fpeciai of dianthus, a fgenus of plant! which comprehend the clove Julv flow- eu, tho pink, fweet William, and all beautiful flowers, which are piopagated by feedi or layen. Pinks are chiefly ufed amongft ui ai pofies or note? Ray*. 8 Vid. Clove July flowers. PINK, INDIAN. Spigelia, Indian Pink. This plant grows fpontaneoufly in South-Carolina-and' in other warm climates. *■ Tho root is anthelmintic. It ii ufed for the dediuCtion of wormi, but in foraa conditutions producei giddinefs, dimnets of fight, and convulfive motiont. . If it doei not operate downward of ittelf, it thould ba joined with rhubarb. Dofe. In fubdance, from one, to a drachm and an half. Some pot it into boiling watar, and when it is cool. 260 PL A ad »lk to it, fweeten Ihe mixture, and give it to chil. d.--*> tl-st wav. .'hit root i' fuppofed to have a fedative power, and :,• toy,.part J neve- '-ave uted murh of it in my prac. iice, as , ii'wi'"! chofe medicines that were later. PINK, MEADOW. Armcria, Armerils Prates fit, and ■ Armtrius &;lwfi.'.;~ Meadow Pink. It gTtnvs in v-»fery p'^cst, The flowers are le-iphaitnic. P I P R, CLAY. Creta Cimolia it Cimolia alba. Tobacco Pipe Clay. I find no account Of its being ufed in medicine. PITCH. Pix.. It is a tenacious, oily fubftance, drawn chiefly from pinei and fin ; and is ufed in (hipping, mecicine, and' various other arts. When it has been infpiffated over a gentle file, it becomes tar. Vid. tar, *nd turpentine. P I T T O N I A. 7. A plant mentioned by Miller, found- in the warmer parti of America. He gives no account of its being ufed i in medicine. PLANTAIN, BUCK'S HORN. Ccror.opus. 7. It has the virtuei of the great plantain, which fea, PLANTAIN, GREAT. Planlago Major. 17. Called alfo Tlantagp latiflia, Septinervia, and Arnoglf* fum%.. Broad P L A a6i Broad Leaved Plantain, Common Greater Plantain, and Way Bread. The leaves and feeds are mildly reftringent and cor* Iroborant. ?The leave* vulnerary. Tha leaves and feeds have been ufed in Phthifical ^ complaints, fpitting of blood, alvire fluxes, haemorrhag- es, dyfentery, &c. The juice mixed with an equal quantity of that of horehound, has been efteemed an ex. callent antidoto againft the Dite of a rattle fnako. . The brui fpans broad ; of thefe leavei, it is fuppofed, that Adam and Eve made aprons. The fruit ia a delicious food, which refembles moal and butter. It mours in general, but its medical powers feem to be not fully determined. The uefh root is called purgative, but it has not this effsCt when dry. In dofe, in powder, was from two to three drachms. In decoCtion, from fix drachmi to an ounce. POMEGRANATE, POP ab5 POMEGRANATE. Granata Mala, It is a prickly tree or Ihrub: tho fruit is about tha fize of an orange. .__ Its flowers ara mildly aftringent. Tha pulp of tha ripe fiuit is a grateful fub-acid fweet, of tho tamo general qualities of the fummer fruits. The rind is moderately adringent. The flowori are good in the diarrhoea, dyfentery, and other cales of debility, where aftringants are neceffa- 1*7- The tind is good in the fluor albus, h-emorrhages, al- vine fluxes, vomiting, and the pica in pregnant women. The fruit quenchet thirfl, allays heat, loofent the bel- ly, and belpt the fcurvy. Bofes. Of tho rind, in powder, from half a drachm to a drachm. k . In decoction, boil an ounce of the rind in a quart of «ilk, till half is coniumed. \ POMPION, OR PUMPKIN. Pepo. 15. The Common Pompion. They are much ufed at food in America, and alfo in the fatting of cattle and fwine. The country people bake pumpkins and eat them with milk, make them into pies, and dew them, &:. Tney slfo dry them when cut into flices, and keep them for ufe a long time. They are not eafily digefted. An oil is obtained by preding their pulp, which is call- ed good to ioften the (kin. POPLAR, BLACK. Populus Nigra. 5. Black Poplar. The young buds have been made into an ointment. '"" Tbe buds and leaves are called cooling, and the baik detergent, but they are not ufed in the prefent praaice. y POPLAR, *66 POP POPLAR, BALSAMIC. Popuhs Balfamifera, Balfamic Poplar. This ii much more balfamic than tbe black poplar, as thejuice may be obtained from the buds by exprof. fion. POPLAR, RED. Populus Rubrus. Called alfo Liriodendron tulipifera, Lin, Red Poplar. The frefh bark has a drong, bitterifh, and flightly ar. ematic tade ; and gives out its virtues to both water and fpirit. Dr. Rufh recommends the following preparations in all cafei where mild bitter! are requifito, viz. i. An extraCt of the frefh root, prepared by boiling two pounds in half a gallon of water.' 2. A tinCture obtained by infufing four ouncei of tbe frefh baik, cut into (mall pieces, in a quart of proof fpirit. 3. An infufion mads by infufing an ounce of the dri- ed baik, in a pint of water twensyfour houri. 4. A drcoClion obtained by boiling an ounce of the dried bak, in a quart of water, to a pint. The dolei are not mentioned. The bark will not pul- -verize, unlett it is firft toaded by the fire. POPLAR, WHITE. Populus Albus. White Poplar. A decoftlon of the bark h faid to be good in tho fciat. ica, and to remove ftrangury. Tf.e,o.ii another Ipccies of poplar, called bcbulus tnm- ule.the afp, orafpino tree. It growi in maffhy places : and Hi .vutu.es are fimilar to the.black poplar. POPPY, P O R aey POPPY, RED. Papaver rubrum, An infufion of tham in wine, and a fpirit diftilled r cm them, have been called cordial and nervine. The juice - of the roots purified by fettling, has been ufed at a (tar- nutatory.. PRINCE'S FEATHER. Amaranthus, Amaranth. 3. Itis cultivated in gardens. The flowers of the common, large garden kind, dried, sad powdered, have bean recommended/or incontinence of urine, diarrhoeas, dyfentesies, and hpemonhagos of all (kinds. . ;■' PRIVET. leguftrum Vulga'C. b'Th'ere are feveral fpecie-, as tho alaternus, eve-j-re-T. ■rivet. It is a fmall fhrub ufed by the dyers. The'i.,:.. k Rives a red, and the wood a blue colour lo linen. ■ The common privet grows in hedges and gardens, has been called aftringent and antihyftoric, but is not ufed in tbe prefent praCr.ee. PROOF SPIRIT OF WINE. Spiriius Vinofus tenuior. Ifcontains jc! parts of alcohol, and 45 of diflillsd water in 100.—Its tpecific gravity is to Ibat of didilleci water as 930 to 1000. . The Edinburgh College direct proof fpirit to be made by mixing equal parts of water and rectified fpirit. Proof fpitit is ufed in a large, number of medicinal. com pofit ions. PRUNE. Prusia. - Vid. Plum. Y.s PUFF-BALL The plum treo. 870 P- U R PUFF-BALL. Lycoperdon Vulgare. Dufky Mufhrooms, Common Puff-Bails. It is totter and more abforbent than lint, and if cut into flices, might anfwer as well as fpunge for flopping blocd in wounds, and in amputations. Mr, Gooch pre- ferred it to the agaric of tho oak, and even to all fungous ic'oftancer. PUNCH. P\:n'b is an agreeable liquor, made of water, lemon lu-ce, and fine fugar, and this liquor alone is called flser- t't ; to which if a proper quantity of rum, or brandy, is added it coinmerices punch. Some inftead of lemon juice, ufe lime juice, which makes what is called punch royat. This is found lets liable to affeCt tba head, and more grateful to the domach, according to tho opinion of fome people. Some alio make milk punch, by adding as much milk 10 tha (herbet, as there is water.—Others ufe gieen tea indeed of water : and whi^t it called chamber maid's pwitl, is made without any water,or lime juice, twice at much white wine at lime juice, and four times ai much brandy with fugar. Puncr, made with lemon juice, mufl be an antifcorbu- tic ; butthe too frequent ufe of it may be injurious. Some fay it is prejudicial to the brain and nervous fydem *, and alto, that it generalei a colic in fome conditutions, PURGING FLAX. Linum Catharticum, Vid, Flax. PURGING THISTLE. Agrt.Tione Mixicana, This kind of Ihiftlo appears to boa purgative by ill name, but 1 have no further account of iti virtuei. PURSLANE. Q U I »7*i- PURSLANE. Portulaca. 6. Tbe feeds are ranked among the four lefler cold feeds. Both the loaves and feeds are cooling, antifcorbutic* and moderately aftringent. The feeds have bean employed in cooling emulfions 3 and tbe leaves in fallads, and as a pot herb; for tho fcur- vy, and cutaneous eruptions. QUAKING GRASS. Briza. Spelt Wheat. QU ASS Y. Quafsa amara. This tree grows fpontaneoufly in Suirinam, and in the ifland of St. Croix. | It ia ftimulant, diuretic, anti-ametic, ftomachic, anti- "feptic, and tonic. ■ It is good in anorexia, hypochondriafii, epidemic, in- termittent, remittent, and other fevers. It rellrains vomiting, and refiftt putrefaction. The flowers are a ftrong bitter, and excellent Horn. achic ; the bark of the root ia efteemed more powerful than the wood. Its infufion and extract are the baft preparations. The dofe, of the powder of the root, it from ten to twenty grains. Or macerate one drachm of tha rafpings of the root, in a pound of boiling water one hour, and [take from one to four ounces feveral timet in a day. QUEEN OF MEADOWS. Vid. Canadian Queen of Meadows. QUICK GRASS. Gramen viva. Vid, Grafs, Dogs, QUICK" -•71 Q'U I QUICK LIME. Calx viva. Vid. Lime Stone. . QUICK.SILVER. Argentum Vivum, Called alfo Hydrargyrum, and mercury. ' It ii an opaque filver coloured, metallic fluid, appear- ing to the eye like melted lead ot tin ; and ii about 14 , limes heavier than an equal bulk of water, Salmon lays, , that fome of it hat been found in Florida. A great variety of preparations have been made from this mineral, fome of which ara out of ufe in the prefent :■ practice, whild others are held in high etteero. Mercurials are dimulanr, fihgogue, deobdruent, and purgative ; they promote all the excretions of tbe human machine. It hat been fuppofed by. fome, to be the only remedy yet known in theuhivetfe, that will wholly eradicate. the venereal virus, which it effefti .b.v neutralizing and t, deftroying the poifon. . ' lt has been employed not only in the cute of venereal : complaints, but in afthma-, and other diforders of the. lungs, obftinato obftruClions of the excretory glandf,,, fcrophulous. tumourl, the itch,, cutaneoui eruptions from other caufes, buboes, ulcer.-, canine madnefs, , putrid (ore throat, hydrocephatous, lacked jaw,. fmall pox, colic, bilious fever, dyien.eiy, yellow fever, . inflammationi, gout, rhcumatifm, jaundico, fchirrhofitjei of she liver, fpleen, and mefentery, ftrumoui fwellings,, wormi, hyfter'eal affection*, St. Anthony's fire, obftruc . tions of the menfes, intermitting fevers, opthaimiei, fci- . atica, lumbago, anafarca, &c. Tbe befl preparations lor internal ufe in my opinion , are, the PHula Hydrargyro, five Mercuriales, of the Phar- - macopxia Edinburgenlis: and calomel. Some, howev- er, have extolled a folution of corrofive fublimale inter- nally, in ftubborn cafei. But it appoan.bv my own ex- perience and obforvation, that the pill ii the bed, ai it ii very mild and gentle in its operation, and full at effectu- al in conquering obdjnate complaint!. Externally, the un^uen'tm hydrargyri fortius ; and fcr tho RA,P a7i the itch and fome other outanaous eruptions, a folution of corrofive fublimate. Mercurials are excellent remedies, if properly managed, but it is dangerous for thole untkilled in the medical art, to tamper with them. Lot all therefore who may bo in need of thefe medicines apply to fome ikilful phyfician for direCtiop'- • Dofes. Ol tbe pills, each one containing a grain of quick filver, from one to fix in a day, but one is often enough in 34 hours. Of calomel, from one grain to five or fix for a dote- QUINCE. Cydonium Malum. Quinces. This fruit is anlifeptic and aftringent. Thejuice ii cooling and refrigerant. The feeds emollient. Tbe fruit ii good in inflammatory cafes, and to redrain alvine fluxes. The expreffed juice for naufea, ficknefs and vomit- ing. The preferved fruit, eaten at fweetmeats, abates in. fhmmatiom and hoat of urine, even in venereal cafes. A dmple fyrup of thejuice, made with fugar only, il ufeful in many diforders, particularly the abovo men- tioned. The marmelade reflds putrefcency, helps the tore throat, and corroborates the fydem. A mucilage of the feeds it kept in the Shops, and il beneficial in many cafes and cotapodtions. RABBIT. Leput Caniculus. This is a well known animal of tha lepus or hare kind. Some people eat their fleih. R A C K O O N. Vrfus Lotor. It is an animal of the fur kind ; it is much in the (hape of a beaver, but fmal'er Their »74 k AS Their flefli it called nourifhingi and their oillaxativej and good for rheumatic paint, and d'ff joints. Some carry the thighbone of this animal ■ in their pockets as an antidote againft cramps and fpafttv, and< pretend they have found groat benefit thereby.'' RADISH, GARDEN. Vid. Garden Radifh. R A G - W O R T. Vid. Corn-Marigolds. RAGGED SAILOR. This plant ia-cultivated in fomo of our gardens, where it grows five or fix feet high; It fends forth many- branche*, which are adorned with a great number of floweri of a dark crimfon colour. RAISINS OF THE SUN. Vva Pajfa. Thefe aro fo called from their being'dried upon the i traei in the heat of the fun. They-are nothing but grapai thui dried. Raftns are emollient, demulcent, and antalkaline. They are u.'ed in pectoral. decoClions, to obtund the acrimony of other medicine, and tender them accepta- ble to ihe palate and demacb. They are alfo ufed in cookery, and in the fhopi of the apothecaries. RASP.BERRY, COMMON. Rubus Idaus Vulgaris. The Common Rafp-Bairy. Rafp-herries are antalkaline, moderately cooling and corroborant. They quench third, abate heat, help a diarrhoea, pro- mote the natural excret:tm», and ftrengthen Ihe vifcera: they alfo diff-lve tartareous concieliont of the teeth. An ?grLdtb'o lyiup, and a wine is made of iheu ju:ce. Some m'ak,, them ntj fwc ,t msatl with fugar; and they tiro ofteii eaten with milk. Both. RAT »76 Both the fruit and loaves were formerly recommend- ed in vomiting, dyfenteries, uterine and natal hseraor. rhagei. , RASP-BERRY, SMOOTH STALKED. Rubus Canadcnfis. The fmooth da ked Canada Rafp-Berry. Their virtues are not mentioned. RASP-BERRY, SUPERB. Rubus Odoratus. The Superb Rafp Barry. I find no further defcription. RATTLE SNAKE. Crotalophorus, Boicininga, Thare are two fpecies of thefe ferpents, the greater Lnd the leffer ; the former is fometimet 8 feet, and the latter 6 or 7 faet in length. They are much larger in the warmer climates, than in the colder regions, and the warmer tho weather is, the more venomous are their bites •fteemed to be. Their fat or oil is penotrating, and relaxing, called mora fo than any of tho Other animal oils. Their fledi nutritious and redorative. Their gall anodj, re, Tha oil foftem contractions, rigidities, calofities, corns, and the like. Internally, it helps hoarfenefi, and the angina. Drop. pid into the ear, is good in deafnefs. The gall mixed with pade made of chalk or meal, eafes pain, and it called good after great fatigue. Their flafh, dried and powdered, has baan given in confumptions ; but I never knew it do any good. Dofes. Of tho oil, a tea (poon full, in fugar. 'Of the gall, in pade, from three to fbuiteen grains. Their bites are lo very venomoui, that if they bite tfiemfelves it proves fatal. Wnen any of the human fpecies are bitten, lot the-n take VJ9 s\EN take and apply at foon as poflibla, tho oil of olive-, or thejuieeof hoarhound and plantain. Vid. Olive, and Plantain, Great. RATTLE SNAKE HOOT, •pj*. Vid. Senake. RATTLE SNAKE PLANTAIN. Vid. Plantain. RED.BUD. Or Pepper Bulh. Andromedia Racemofa. ., It ii not dofcribed. ^* or' ' *r l.'/' RED WOOD. Lignum Rubrum. Vid. Brafil Wood. ' REED GRASS. Gramen Arundinaetum. Vid. Grafs. REED, INDIAN. Cannacorus. Vid, Indian Reed. RENNET. Coagulum. Called alfo Runnet, It is the concreted milk, found in the ftomaebs of calves, which have received no other food than tha mother's milk. Runnet is principally utedin making cheafe ; but in medicine it is called acrimonious and refolvent j good in futfeits occafionod by eating things hard to di- go-ft. RESIN. RHU 877 ..... RESIN. itjt> ,■■■>■ - -' '* ■.,.'■■. Rcfiua. Vid. Turpentine. REST HARROW. Ononis Spinofa, Lin. 26. That fpecies formerly ofed in medicine is the one a- bovementioned, viz. the prickly reft harrow, called al- to eartmock, and patty whim. It growi in wafte grounds. lt is aperient and diuretic. Tee virtue refidet principally in the cortical parts. Tbe dofe is a drachm. RHEUMATISM'WEED. Pyrtla Minor. Parnaffia. Grafi of Parnaffuf, or White liver Wort. It is a low plant, the whole of which is faid lo be ieooling and diuretic; but it it not uled in the p<-e rhubarb growing in gardens, and have been informed \ that tha roots were not fo purgative, as thofe imported. f The root it a mild cathartic and aftrinjtnt. I It has been ufed in diarrr.ce is a=d dvfcr.te.-ei, and lo carry off vifcid bile, lodged in the b !f.u <-uCl». Ii uwy besyvonwith fafety in inflammatory c let providing .hat ' Nvenefeaion precede, it. ule. .It turn, the urtna yellow. Some chew it to help digedion, open obflrutTon. of s-"8 ROB ihe liver, fpleen, and mefentery, cure the jaundice, ca- chexy, colic, fluor alLu', kill worms, and drengthen tho ilomich and inteftmoi. But it gripes fome people fo- verely, and is apt lo leave the body coftive : hence it may prove injurious in dyfenteriei, and other alvinl fluxet when the bowels ought to be kept lax. ' Some lake it toaded. This is faid to increafe its at- tringency, but diminifli.its cathartic power. Itisbeft tiken in lubdan.ce. Tbe dofe is from a fcruple lo a dracbm or more. RHUBARB, WH I T E. Rhabarbarum Album. White Rhubarb. Vid. Jalap, White. R I C E. 'Oriia. This is a kind of grain, which is cultivated in the- watery grounds in North and South Carolina, &c. Ii it called corroborant. It it uled at food ; alfo in diarrhoea', dyfrnieriet, and other diforderi from a thin acrimonious dale of (he fluids. It is lefs clammy, and left nourishing than wheat: but milder rnd more nutritious than the other common kinds of grain. Tae people in Cliina ferment rice, and diftil from it a liquor called arraei. RICE, WILD. Oriza Syheflra. Wild Rice. Thii, I apprehend, ia the common rice when it grows 'Without cultivation. ROB OF ELDER BERRIES. Succus jpiffotsts bacearum fambuci, vuigo Rob Sambuci. Toil is prepared by taking two q-nrti of the juice ol the ripe b:r.ics, and half a pound of ufir.cd fugar. K- vaporats R O S 279 viporate the mixture over a gentle fire, or in a water bath, till it it of a due confidence, viz. that of honey. Ai to its virtues, vid. Elder. :fjf The London college directs, that tha water bath ba _ .Saturated with (ea fa!-. ROCKET. Eruca. 6. , Braffica Eruca, Lin. It fomewhat refembloi muftard, but the leavei are fmoother ; it ii cultivated in gardens. The foedi have a pungent tafte, liko thofa-of .muftatd, but are weaker. They have long been celebrated ai aphrcdiliacj, and may probably in fome cafei have a titlo to thit virtue; The leaves were formerly ufed in fallads, ROSE BAY TREE. I i 1 | Rhododendron Maximum. ii The Largeft Rote Bay Tree.. II In the Edinburgh Difpenfatory, mention is marfd' | | of the rlodtd,ndron chryfnnihum, a plant which ii a native of Siberia, baing ths moft northern country in. Ad*. Two drachmi of tha dried plant, is put into ten ounc- ei of boiling water, which is kept aimed in a boiling, beat through tho nigh-, and the liquor is isken in the morning. It is faid to produce heat, thirfl, a degree of deliiium, and a peculiar creeping-lika. fenfation in the parts affected ; but in a few hourr, thefa fymptomi go off. Two or three dofet generally cure the gout and iheumatifm. Whether the rhododendron maximum hut the fams virtual or not, I am not informed. ROSE, DAMASK. Rofa Damafcana, 4.9. Rofa Centifolia, Lin. The Damafk Rofe. They are purgative, cordial and aromatic. ^ a ho - a8o R O S Tbe oil and diftilled water, raifes the fttength, cheers the fpiritt, and allays pain, without heating the confti- tuiion. This oil and water are alfo ufed in perfumes. A (yrup is Lkewife made of thefe rotes, and an ex. trad. Dofes. Of the fyrup, a (poonful or two. Of the extract, from a fcruple to a drachm. ROSE, PENNSYLVANIAN SWAMP. Rofa Pennsylvania Paluftra. The Pennfylvania Swamp Rofe. Called Rofa Paluftris., The virtues, if it has any, are not dofcribed. ROSE, RE©. Rofa Rubra. R-d Role. They aie mildly aftringent. Their coniervo is recommended in wesknefs of the ftomach, coughs, phthifis, Haemorrhages, &c. Tbe honey of rotes ufed as a gargaiifm, helps inflam. mations and ulcers in the mouth and tonfils. Infufioni, acidulated mildly with iha vitriolic acid, and Iweotencd with fugar, are called cooling and redrin. gent, p.ood to dop bleeding, and for heCtical patients. Dcfe. Of tbe powder ot the lea-ves one drachm. Of the conferve from one to two drachmi. ROSE, WHIT E. Rofa Alba. ' Tho White Rofe. Ti.ey are weaker than ihe other fpecies. Treir Ciftilled water has been ufed FciHipQammat'ons in the eyol, and a watery decoCtion for the uaie pur- pofe. An infufion of -u/i'.'e rofe leaves il efteemed bsneficial for tho fluor albut, aid caiap'afms made of them eale j-ain, and pronoto tuppuraiioo. ROSE, R O S 28t ROSE, WILD. Rofa Sylvej/ra. Tho wild Rofe. It il alfo called dog rofe, and the hip tree.- Vid Dog Rofe. ROSEMARY. Rorij'marinus Officinalis, Lin. ■ Called alfo Anthos. It is cultivated in gardenr.. It is dimulant and nervine. It excite* the ofcillaiion of the nervous fibrei, and re- (tores their relaxed tone. 1 It ftrengthens the brain, helps tho memory, dimnefa • pf fight, opilepty, palfy, hyfleric fits, mendrual fup- predion!, and obdruCtioni of the liver and fplcen, be- ing very ferviceablo in phlegmatic habits, and debilities - nf the nervous fyftem. I Dofes. Of the effential oil is from four to fix drops, . in fugar. Of the confetve of tbe flowers, from ono drachm to four. Of the powder of the tops, from half a drachm to a drachm. An infufion of them may be drank ai a tea. ROSEMARY, MARSH.. Statin,. Limonium.' Marfh Rolemary, Some fay it is an aftringent, that it has an emetic qual; ity. That a decoCtion of it is good in tho canker rafh, . and in the dytenteiy. The dote is a table fpoonful, to be repeated till it vom*-.-. -•«■ R.OS E- WOO D. Lignum Rbudium, Afpalatbus, Lignum Reft tdoraf • '-*" £2~ Lfgnr'i iba R U'l^' Lignum Thuris, Eryfifceptrum Radix. Rboa'ina, Rhodium, or Rofewood. lt is the root or wood of a thorny fhrub, which when rubbed (mellt li-Ka-'»ore.-. Fifty poundt of this* wood afford one pound of effen- tial oil, which is ufed as a perfume ; it it weaker than the oil of tofas, but of the fame odour. This wood givet out itt viriuo to both water and fpirit. 1 f four ouncei of this wood it macerated in a pint of rectified fpirit of wine, it makes a tincture which ii an agreeable cordial. ■ Dofe. Of tha tincture, is from ten drops to a teafpoon- ful. RUE. Rut a. Garden rue is antifpatmodic, emmenagogic,' atten<- uant, refolvent, and deobdruent. It it good in a languid circulation of the blood, for vifcid phlegm, hyfterical complaint*,' mendrual obrdruc- tionr, and thofe of the excretory glandi, for it promotes (ho-fluid fecretiont in general. It hasbeen ufed to keep off contagion ; but if it is held to the mouth and nolo, it generates ulceri vn fome conditutions. Dr. Lew's recommended, that the herb be taken in fubflanco ; but Dr. Wallis thinks that a conferve it the befl preparation. An extract of it has alfo been ofed. Dofes. Of the conferve, from half a drachm to halt an ounce, thrice in a day. Of the extract from ten to thirty grains. RUE, GO.AT's. Vid. Goat's Rue. R U M; Vinum Ardins, Hum it »n ardent fpjrlt.diflilladlToin.iij-jar canei; but :n New England, it is often diftilled Trora molafTos im- ported R U S a»j ported from the Wed-Indies, which is the product of thofe canei. ** Jamaica fpiritt is generally called the befl rum, but that diftilled in New England, becomes good by age, and by being carried to fea ; aod this I know by my own obfervation; for (,j ..a years ago, I bought two hogfheads of New England ruth, that was diftilled in Salom ; had been carried to the Weft Indies, and kept upon the wa- ter about eight-en months ; It appeared colourlefs, was free from anv difagroeabio tmell, and had a very pleaf- ant tafte; wl-t-.r-e-is. when it is firft diftilled, the odour and tafte it fo di.ag- .-.<. t'->ie that it is not fit to be drank by the hu-.-.an fpeciss. Good rum ptopeny diluted wrth water, fweeiened with fugar, and drank with moderation, (trengtheni the lax fibrei, incraffates the thin ffuidi, and warms the babit, 'Jt proves tho moft beneficial to thofe expofed to heat, moifture, corrupted air, and putrid diieafer. a It is alfo fuppofed to be rerviteabie externally, if ap- plied iti-conjunction with cnrrobqratin-g, anodyne,-and, anlifeptic fomentations. l >i [ ' Strong grog, poured down a tailor's throat, when he '«aa apparently dead with the yellow fever in tbe year 1798, reftored him to life and health. | But rum drank lo excels, produces drunkennefs, Ire- mort, palfies, apoplexies, and a train of other diforders, which often prove fatal. Add to thii,, the poverty and difttefs of families. RUPTURE- WORT. Herniaria. '.*) . St U a low het^ which growi in fandy and gravelly "it i* mHdJv raftringont. Supported to be ifervieeabl-i roalifotdPrs proceeding from a weak flaccid ftate of the 1 -Mfcera ; but not for ruptures as wais formerly ijnaginefli RUSH. yum us. There-are many-fpecies of rufhes, but rhey are Hot- tnuch ufed in medicine. . Tbo late Riikard' Wtodhall, Etq. fotfflefrj' of Oonn*»t / 2C-4 S A F icut, informed me, that deco&ions of upland rujhes cured hi-n of the gravel, when other medicines failed. RUSH GRASS. Gramen fun cut. Aulhort have divided the f-vora! fpecies of juncus, into what they call rufhes, and rujhgraft, from Iheir having, or wanting leavei; but the fiuCtifications in both are the fame. RUST OF IRON. Ferri Rub'igo. Vid. Iron. R Y E-. SecaU. Il islets nourifhing than wheat, but more laxative.-. Sometimes when ryi it cortupted it produces painful convulflve diforders and death iifelf. Ryi meal, mixed with honey, is fuppurant ; if with fait, and dried by the fire, it becomes difeutient. In cat. aplafmr, it eafes gouty and other painr. Vid. Bread. S A F FR ON, B A S T A R D.>. Car tham us tinQorius, Lin. Baftard Saffron. Called alfo Ii Slower, and Crocus Spuriofus. The feads are a gentle cathartic. They are very flow in Iheir operation, and are very apt, when givea in tub* ftance, to occafion diftentiont oflhe domach, naufes, and flatulence ; hence their ufe hat long been laid afide by the London and Edinburgh College*. An emulfion of the feeds made with aromatic, diftill- ed waters is much lefs offenfivo than the toeds in fub- ftance. . - The deep red yinoua, tincture of the flowert, as well at the floweri themfelves, have been employed as a col- o»rbgdru*2,f0T4ilimanWry and medicinal (ubftancei. Dofiu S A F Jig; ' D»fei. Of tho feeds, from one to two drachmi. Of ike emulfion, from dx to eight drachms. . SAFFRON, GARDEN. Crocus Sativus, Lin. Garden Saffron. Englijh Saffron is highly cordial, being aromatic, anti- fpafmodic, attenuant, emmenagogic, and anodyne. It exhilerates the fpirits, and is good in diforders of tha breaft, female obftroctions, hyrtarical depreffions, Ipafms, palpitations ot the heart, fainting fits, cough, and afthma. It alfo helps drgeftion and flrengtheni tho ftomach ; but when it ii given for the cough and afth- ma, it ought to bo joined with muik. ' Saffron hat been called the foul of the lungs ; but tak. en in toO large dotes, it occafion! immoderate mirth, in- voluntary laughter, and fuch ill effects as generally fol« low the abuft) of fpir-'ucui liquors. When too much faff.-on hat been taken, Botrhaavt or- dered emetics, and acidulated draughts. Two or three drachms have proved fatal. Fhfes. From ten to twenty gtaini. SAFFRON, M-EADOW. Colchicum, Meadow Saffron. Thii plmt ia fo poifon-*ui,tbat two drachms killed a large dog, after putting him in great torment for about thirteen nbuft, it proved violently emetic, cathartic and diuretic, : One grain taken by a healthy man, produced heat in the ftomach, and foon after flufhing bean, frequent fhiv- erings, colicky pains, itching in the loins and urinary paffages, continual inclination to make water, tenefmuii bead ache, quick pulte, third, and othor difagteeablo fymptomi. ' Bat notwithdanding thefe eft-efts, it U found to be a powerful and fate medicine, when made into an oxymel, 0tTnoPoxymeI and fyrup is made of the root, which it bed in fummer when it is full of fap : in autumn it grows weaker, and wh en dry become! inafttve. s86 S A F Tha London College order the oxytnel to bo prepar- ed thui, To an ounce of the thin IT'caa of the root of Meadow Saffron, add a pint of diftilled vinegar, and two pounds of clarified honey. Macerate tho root with the vinegar in a glafs vefloJ, with a gentle heat, for forty eight hours. Strain and prefs out the liquor ftrongly from the root, add the hon- ey, and boil tha mixture to tho confiftence of a fyrup, ftirring it frequently in the mean time, with a wooden fpoon. The fyrup, according to the prefcription of the Edin- burgh College, is prepared as follows:—viz. Take of the frefh root of Meadow Saffron, cut in fmall pieces, one ounce ; of vinegar, fixteen ounces ; of the pureft fugar, twenty fix ounces. Macerate the root in the vinegar two days, now and then fluking thevtffel,* then drain it with a gentle pre (lure. To tho ftrainad liquor add the (ugar, and boil a little, fo as to form a fyrup. This is called the bolt preparation. Both the exym-tl and fyrup are powerful diuretic?.—- In targe doles, they prove emetic and cathartic. D-. Motherby lays, that this oxymel is moderately a. (Iringent and diuretic' That it gently ve'Iicases the tongue, and cleanfes it from mucus, powerfully promo- ting expectoration and urine, and that it is alfo good in tertian agues. Both the oxymel and fyrup have been employed with fuccefs in the dropfy, but like other dim otic-,they aro not always to be depended on. Whan too much of this root has .been fwallowed, to a pint of water add an ounce of vinegar, or lemon ju ce ; and half an ounce of tho fyrup ot poppy heads; and give three ounces ot this mixture every fifteen minutes till the effects of the poilon are removed ; then finilh the cure by giving tho oil of olives, or oil of almonds. Dofes. Of the oxymal of meadow fadron, is from half a drachm to a drachm. Of the fyrup, from one drachm to two. The dofes ara to be increafad as the patient can bear tham. sage; S A I »t*7 SAG E. Salvia Officinalis, Lin. The leaves are moderately aromatic, and (lightly a- fttingent. They warm and ftrengthen the veil sit, are good in cold habits, excite an appetite, and help debilities of tho nervous fyftam. An infufion of tbe leaves may be drank it a tea ; and if a little of the juice of lemons it added, it makai an excellent liquor in fevers. SAGO TREE. Sagotycas, circinalis. It i! tbe Palma Japonica. Called alfo the Libby-tree, Indian bread, or Sago tree. The pith of thefe treet being well beat in a mortar with water, forms an emulfion, the f-ecula of which, when dried, ii called fago. The fruit of thii treo is fomewhat aftringent, though not to when eaten with fugar. Sago is nutritious and demulcent. It never fermanti in tha ftomach, is eafily digefted, very nourifhing, good for young infants, and for patients labouring under, hec- tic, fevers. It forms an agreeable jelly with water, milk, or broth : iho Indians make it into cakes and ufe it at bread. SAINT CHARLES'S ROOT. Radix Carlo SanSo, It is found in Mechoacan, a province of America. The Spaniards call it by the above name on account of its 'great virtues. The bark of tha root ii fudorific and corroborant. It promotes fweat, and ftrengthens the gumi and ftom- ach, SAINT HELEN'S ROOT. Radix Helena? SanSa?. It growi in Florida j but iti medical powers are not mentioned. SAINT M SAL Si .NT JOHN'S WORT. Hrperkum perforatum. It is Culled a mild dotergent, corroborant, and vulne- rary. It was formerly ufed to ftrengen the fyftsm, kill worms, promote urine, heal wounds, cure ulcers, hypo- cfaondriac, hyfterical, and maniacal diforders ; but it Is not employed in the prefent nractice. Dofe. Of the tops and flowers ;n infufion was one handful. Of the leaves and feed, one drachm. SAINT PETER's WORT. Herba Petrus Santlui. This herb has a woody ftalk, with yellow flowers ; it grows about two feet high, in old fields, and dry lands. If it hat any medical virtue, it is unknown to the author. SALT, COMMON. Sal muriaticus vulgaris. Or Common Salt of the tea. It is flimulant and antifeptic. Bolides its ufas in cookery, and for the prefervation of animal fubftancet, it is employed in medicine. It ii called warming and drying. It excites an appetite, helpi digodion, and If taken in large dOfei, provercathartic, It checki the oparation of emetici, and helps tbem to operate downwards. In glyders it aClt as a ftimulu'. lt ii often given to redrain vomiting occafionod by worms. Dr. Rufh gave H with fucceJd in htamorrhagee of tha ftomach, accompanied with vomiting ; and Dr. Periits found it beneficial when combined with vinegar, in the malignant quinfy, putrid fore throat, putrid dyfentery,, and in inflammatory and putrid haver*. He dilfolved at much/a/* in the vinegar, as it would imbibe ; and to every half pint of the mixture added the fame quantity of boiling water, and adminiftered it both internally .anil externally. Ho alio dffolved ai much fait in toiling water, as the liquor Would imbibe, and found it did fervice in dytpepfia, debility of the (ol- Idi, and paini in tho ftomach. On SAL i?<3 On trial I found fait very advantageout in a putrid dyfentery, in tho year 177;. It is faid to be an efficacious remedy in recovering a patient from a fit of tbe apoploxy. A fmall quantity of fait rather promotes the putrefac- tion of animal bodiei; whereat, a large quantity preventi their fpoiling. Therefore, when it is given ai an anli- feptic, it fliould be adminidercd freely. Dofes. As a cathartic, half an ounce or more diffolv- ad in water. To ftop bleeding at the ftomach, givo from a tea to a table fpoonful of fine fait, in fubflanco. Of fait and vinegar, near a table Ipoonful, often. * Of tbe watery folution, a table fpoonful. In a fit of the apoplexy, diffolve a handful af fait in a pint of water, and pour it down the patieni'a threat. SALT, GLAUBER'S. Natren vilriolattir. Called alfo Sal mirabile, or ihe admirable Salt. It it a mild and ufeful purgative, of a cro'ing natute : which if taken in fmall dofe-, provei apeuent, and diu- retic. It it given in a great variety of complaint-, when cool- ing and gentle purgativei are naceffary. The dofe, as a cathartic, is from half an ounca to ?*i ounce or mote, d'ffolved in half a pint of boiitng wbier. SALT OF HART'a HORN. Sal ccmu cervi. It it a quick and powerful ftimulanl. It is employed externally to tho no'c, in rvt --op-, and with oil in cynancho, and fome other iriuint-n'tK.rts a« a rubofacient ; it is alfo ufed internally in varioui low ftatei of tho fyftem. Dofe, from two graini to twenty, diffolved in a fuffi. cient quantity of water. SALT, I P S O M. Sal amarus. & a Called 20° $ A L Called alfo Ipfom Salt, and bitter Purging Salt. It it a mild and gentle cathartic. If the patient keeps warm during tho operation, it promotes fweat; if he walks in the cool air it excites urine. It it good in the colic, and many other com- plaints ; it has nearly the famo virtue of Glaubet's Salt. The dofe is an ounce, diffolved in half a pint of boil- ing water. As both the Ipfom and Glaubet's falts are difagreeablo to take, the patient Jhould wet his mouth before he takei bis dofe, with rum, brandy, or gin, and after he has (wallowed the falts, he may wet it with the fpirit, which will almoft entirely prevent his tailing the cathartic SALT OF NITRE. Sal Nitrum. Nitre is (limulanr, refrigerant, antalkaline, anlifeptic, -and diuretic. The anlifeptic power ii four times as high ai that of fa's fait, accoiding to a chemical analyfii. It quenchei thii ft, cools feveri, allayt febrile commo- tion! of the blood, doei not coagulate the animal fluids, tenders them more dilute, and is fuppofed to thicken thin, terous, and acrimonious humours, and makes their mixture become more uniform. It promotes urine, gently loofens the belly, if the habit is not cold and phlegmatic. It radrains alvine fluxes proceeding from an acrimo- ny of the bile, helpi the cholera, rellrains internal h-e- morrhagei, fpitting of blood, cools fevers, promotes fweat, tuppreffes catarrhous defluCtiom, is good in gar- garifmt, nephritis, fuppreffion and beat of urine, even from a vaneieal taint. It ii of great fervice in inflammatory pain; of the head, eyes, ears, teeth, in the St. Anthony'i fire, chron- ic deliiium, fhtulen', Ipafmodic heart burn;, Iofs of ap- petite, and the naufoa, and vomiting, arifing lrr>n the gout in the ftomach, in which it mud be ufed with cau. tion. But it it injurious when the pulfe h too low in fovers gsngienas and mollifications, when pu-rrfcency ia too far advance-;, becaufe it lefleas tbe vital action, and bat- tens S A R 291 tani puttofadion. Too largo dofes have occafionod cramps and fpafmodic affections in the domach and in Other parts of tbe fyftem. I have uled it in pleurifies, peripneumonia}, quinfie*, malignant fevers, dyfente.-ies, and many other diforders, attended with inflammation, and never knew it injure any per ton when carefully adminiftered. A drachm of nitre taken every day in the morning, cured a moft defperata dropfy. Nitre is alio ufed in making gun powder, while giafi, &c. and being put amongft beef, when failed, prevents its hardening too much. Dofe. From two grains to a fcruple, diffolved io boil- ing water, and the lame quantity to be taken twice or thrice in a day. SAND BOX TREE. Hura. Called alfo Hura Americana, Jamaica Walnut ; Warneltaj and Havelia. It it a native of the Spanifh Weft-Indiei. The leaves are full of a milky juice. The feeds are emetic and cathartic. The (halls are ufed after the fesdi are taken out, as. boxes to hold land, whence iho name Sand Bex Trie, S A N I C L E. Sanicula. The leavei have been efteemed vulnerary, and mild. ly reftringent. An infufion of this herb, and in juice, have been giv. en in fpitting of blood, dytentery, fluor albus, msnllrual and other haemorrhages, internal ulcers, and external woundt; but their effeCts are fo inconfiderable tha ihey aro difregarded in the prefent practice. Dofes. Of thejuice, from two to three ounces. An infufion of the herb may alto be drank as a tea. SARSAPARI LLA. Sarjafatilla, The 292 S A U The root is called diaphoretic and fudorific. When a courfoof morcurials have been continued a confidarable time in venereal cafes, decoCtiona-of this root are beneficial in promoting perfpiration, and fwaat- amine, and purifying tha blood and humouri. Dr. Cutler lays, that the roots are good in debilities, and that ttie Indian* fubfift upon tbem. The decoCtion is preparod by boiling from two to four ounces of the root in three pints of water, till one third is confumed. An extraCt is alfo prepared from this root, which is aalled as efficacious ai tha decoCtion. Dofes. Of the decoCtion, from four to eight ounces, four or five times in a day, to be continued fome weeks. Of the extract, one drachm. SASSAFRAS. Saffafras. This is an American tree, of the laurel kind. The wood, root, and bark are dimulani, apsrien1, diuretic, diaphoretic, and corroborant. Dr. Cullen calls it fudorific. Saffafras fweetem and purifies tbe blood and juicai ; and it good in tcorbutic, venereal, cachectic,, and, ca- tairhal difordert. Hc'Fman gave the watery extraCt with fuccefs, for ftrer.gtheningihe tone of the vitcoja in cachexies, tho dtc!,ne of intermitting feveis, and hypochondriacal fpafrns. InJufioni offuffafras have been drank at a tea, which at firlt, hat affected the heads of fome patient! ; but by continuing the medicine, the complaint is removed. Tr.e inlufion is prepared by.infufing two ounces of the (havings in a pint of water.. Dofes. Of the effential oil, from two to.tan drops in lufiar. Of the wa-ery extract, ten grains. Oi tho fpirituous extract, from three grain! to half a icrcple. SAUCE ALONE, Erfimiim Alliaria, Lis, Called, SrA V s93 Called alto Jack by tbe Hedge. This plant belongs to tha onion tribe. Its ftalks are upright, flowers white, and teeds black. It grows in hedges and (hady wade places. Sauce aline is. called deobftruant, fudorific, and anti- feptic. It attenuate! vifcid humours of the bread, helpi in- veterate coughs, and the adhma, promotes urine and fweat. Externally, it has been applied to cancert, old putrid fores, fordid malignant ulcers, gangrener, and mortifica- tions. And for thefe intentions an ointment made of thejuice, oil, or lard, was employed. The oxpreffod juica, wiih a little oil, confined from the air in a tight bottle, retains it! virtue feveral years. This juice may ba fweetensd with honey for internal ufe. The herb is excellent in the (pring for falladi ; but it" is not much ufed in medicine in the prefent age. SAVIN. Sabina. This tree is called a fpeciei of juniper. The leaves are antifpafmodtc, aperient, dimulant, cm* nenagogic, and anthelmintic. lt allayl fpafmi, openi obdruCtioni, ftimolatei the fyf- lem, promotes the monies, and deftroys worms, exciting urine, fweat, and the glandular fecretiont. The diftilled oil opent u etine obftruClions, and thofe of tho vifcera, occaGoned by a laxity and we«knefs of that veffeli, or a fluggifh indifpofition of the juicer. The powder of the leaves is fometimei ufed for con- fuming venereal wartr. Baing bruiled with honey, and applied to the umbilical region, doflroyt wormt in chil- dren, Il is a heating, acrid medicine, which ought to be ufed with caution. Dofes. Of the oil, from four to fix drops, in fufjar. Of the povder of the leavoi, from twenty to thirty- graini, in a glaft of while wine Of tho ex'.raft, from fix to twenty grains. A a 2 SA-VORYs 29+ SCU SAVORY, SUMMER. Satuneia.. Vid. Summer Savory. SAW-T.EAT BLACKBERRY,. Or Bumble Kites. Rubus Fruclicofus. They are fuppofed to he antifcorbutic., SC ABIOU S. Scabiofa Arvcnfts, Lin. The leaves were formerly recommended as aperient*. expectorant, and fudorific; but the prefent practitioners-. do not depend on thefe virtues. The leavos have been applied externally to cure the itch, whence the name fcablofa, Vid. Swamp Scabious.. SCURVY GRASS, GARDEN. Cocb/earia Hortenfis, Garden Scurvy Gtafs. It it a powerful antifoptx,attenuant, aperient, diuret- ic, and anlifcorbuu'c. lt redds putrefaction, oponi obftruClions of the vifce- ra, and the more diftant glandi, diffolves vifcid juiceiy. and promotes urine, and the other fluid fecretiem. It is good in fcurvies, palfies, rheumatic, and wander- ing pains of long duration, and the tcorbutic rbeuma- '.ifm. It does not heat the-conftitution fo much as might, be expected. When it is ufed for the fcurvy, it fhould ba joined- with lemon juxe, forrel, becabunga, &c. Dofes. Of the juice, from-one to two ounces, thaica. n pleuillies, peripneumoniat, dropfy, gout and sheumaufm. The SET*- _. eoy The Indians ufe it internally and externally in the bite of a raitl-i fnai.e. -# Ai long as u pro /ot cathartic, it does no harm in drop- fical cafes, but afterwards, it may excite hard fweNings, and then it fhould not be exhibited. Boil two ounces of tho roots in a quart of water, till a third is confumad. The dofe of the decoction is from one to two ounces mixed with Madeira wine, or fimple cinnamon water. SENNA. Senna. Senna is nothing but the leaf of a fmall fhrub, It hai been cultivated in our gardens. The leaves are a ufeful cathartic. Lt purges off thick grots humouri, and is good in melancholy, the opilepty, and in all difeafes of tbe (kin. In all inflammations, haemorrhages, and. diforders of the breaft it is to be avoided, by reafon of its heating quality. The dofe, in fubftance, is from a fcruple to a drachm, 'infufed in boiling water. SERVICE TREE. Sorbus Aucuparia, Lin. It refctnbles tbe pear and the Crataegus, or fpina alba in all refpeett, except that the leaves are pinnated, as in the fraxinui. The fruit is reftrtngent before it is ripe j but when it ii come to maturity, it is very agreeable. SENSITIVE PLANT. Mimofa. 7. This plant is fo denominated from iti remarkable prop- erty of receding from the touch, and giving f.gns, as it were, of animal life and fanfation : this motion it por. forms by meant of three diftinft articulation!, via. 1. Of a fingle leaf with in pedicie. 2. Of the pedicle to iti branch ; and, 8 Of the branch to tha trunk or main ftero. The primary motion of all which is tbe clofing of the -.tt3 S H A two balvos of the leaf on its rib ; than tho sib or pedi. clo itfelfclotes ; and if the motion wkeiewith the plant is moved be very ftrong, the very branches have tha (anfation propagated to tham, and apply themtelves to the main item, as the fimple leaves did bafore to their ribs, and thefe ribs to their branches } fo that the whole plant, in this ftate, forms itfelf, from a vary complexly blanched figure, into a fort of ftraight cylindrical one. There are (oven fpecies of aimofa, hut Dr. Mother. by informs, that none of them are ufed in medicine. SHAD. Clupea. Called alfo Alofa. It iia fifh about the fize of a falmon, with largo fcalet, but thin, and eafily taken off; in its bead is a ftony bone of an alkaline nature.' Great numben of thefe fifh aro caught in our riv- ere in April and May, with feinos. Their flefh is calW ed wholefome, beft in tho fpring, but if pickled keeps all the year. SH A DOCKS. Ignotum, or unknown. SHARK. Canis Carcharias. Ajhari it a very large fifh, which is called the bold. eft kind that fwims in the wators; one of a middling fiza is faid to weigh near ten hundred pounds ; and mention is made in tha hiftory of 300 animals of one Ibat weigh- ed four tboutand neat pounds; which bad a whole man it its belly. They are frequently teas in, the Weft-Indies, about Long Ifltnd in the ftate of New-York ; and I faw om of a monftroiaa fire in tho Sound, between Long Ifland and Connecticut, in tbe year 1783. They have three rows of teetb, which ara bald, ftrong, and (harp ; fometimes they bite man afundor, at others take off a limb, c&c. fa that it is very dangerous fwWining in tbe water near thefe ravenoui animal*. When S H E m When Ibis ri(h feiiel its prey, it tutm hfelf on its back. And though it Is vastly ftrong, it is often taken aftW it has feized its bait fattened to a large boos:, arid drawn with cords ftito tha veffel. They have a very tough fktn, and when their ilefh is eaten, it teftes ftrong. SHEEP. Ovis. Thefe are a very profitable animal on account of their wool, flefh, and tallow. Their flefh is very nouriflhieg, and their fat it ufed in tha making of divers kinds of ointments, candles, &c. Mutton broth has been eftsemed good in tho dyfen- tery . SHEEP, PERUVIAN. Paces, or Huancu. The Peruvian Sheep. s It it of the fize of a ftag, and refombles a camel. Tho [body is covered with a coarfe kind of wool* Tney ara ; very tradable, and were formerly ufed as besfts of bur- then among the Peruvians. ' There ufed to be caravans of feveral thoufands of thefe animals, which carried the merchandize of one -kingdom into another. They are exceedingly fure footed, and will travel over the deep mountains with a burthen of lixty or fevonty pounds on their backt. Their flefh is very good, it is efteemed as innocent ai ■chickent. S HEEP's HEAD. Caput Oiiinum, Thefe are a vary w' .iefc-ae kind of fifh, caught in the fait wa.or, on -r.s ou-.n (ide of Long Ifland, eafWrly of New-York. Tney are nearly of the length of a (had sad much thicker. SHEPHERD'S PURSE. Burfa Paftirit, Thii 300 SIM This herb growl on wade grounds. If it has any virtue at all, it is slightly aftringent. It was formerly extolled at an aftringent, and ufed ia diarrhoeai, dyientoriei, uterine haemorrhages, and tha fluor albus ; but it ii not much ufed in tbo profent prac- tice, SILFHIUM, A fpecies of wild grata in Weft Florida. Tbe flowers are of a golden yellow, and when broken off, afford a gum-refin, which is chewed by tho Indians te cleanfe their mouthi and teetb, and fweeten their breatb. SILVER. Argenlum, Silver is found in many parti of America ; it ii the puraft and moft fixed of all metals except gold. Tha gravity of fine puro filver is lo that of rain water, at 11,091 to 1000. It has no medical virtue in its crude ftate ; but if it 11 combined with a (mall quantity nf the nitrous acid, it becomes a powerful hydrogogue, though not always a fate one; with a larger portion of the acid, a ftiong cauftic. -It is the bafts of fundry officinal preparations, as may bo feen in tho difpenfatories. SILVER-WEED. Argentina, q. Vid. Wild Tanjy. SIMAROUBA. Simarouba. It is foppofea to be tho bark of an unknown tree (■ the Weft-Indies. It is called a gentle aftringent, demulcent, and tonic. When there is no fever, and the functions of the ftomach remain unhurt, fimarouba is faid to be good in dyfenteriet attended with bloodj!, chronical diarrhoeai of feveral fpeciei, habitual,dyfenteric cttlict, chronic hepa- '• tie SLA 301 t.c dux, lientery, leucotrkoei, the dedruClionof wormt, Ipalmodic and hyfteric fympicmi, and convulfive mo- tiom of tha inteftines. Sometime! bleeding and an emetic fhould ptecede iti ule. A decoClion made by boiling two drachmi of this bark in a quait of water till one third is confumed, is faid to be tha befl preparation. The dofe, is a jill or mote. lt is belt to begin with (mall dofei, and increafo them as the patient can bear the medicine, for thofe that are too large excite vomiting. S K E R R E T. Ssfarum. Skerrets are cultivated in gardens for culinary ures; end if eaten freely provo diutetic. S K U N K. Pu.'orifus Americanus, The American Pole.Cat. The French call it enfant du diabie, or child -af tbe -devil. Thii animal it rather left than a common polo cat, but il of the fame fpecies. ' From a fmall receptacle of water inu.ttod near the u- rmary bladder, it emits a .iquid whofe odour 11 lomc- what like thofcent of mnfi*. ; and it lo intolerably fo-..d that it may be fmelt to a great diftance. Some have pretended that th.s odour will euro '.- c head acb, but,it ha* often produced ibat fcnlation in roy- letf, and tome otheri. Some eat tboir flefh, and c;l! it .e-y fweet and nutri. liout, others ufo their fat cr oil externally for thermal ■ complaints, tt-ffjoin'5, and ccnuiCtion- of ihe limi-s. "SLAT K ;'. S. Millepedes. Called alfo Wood Lice, Sow Bujr. Church Bujjt, Hog- Lice, &c. Ihey --ave bean called ap--.icir, ta'o'.ve ■-, and duit- SNA lie ; good in the afthma, whooping cougb, jaundice, (crophulout complainti, weakneti of fight, obdruCtioni ' in the inteftiner, and fuppreffion of urine : but thofe vir- tuei are much doubted. The dofe, in fubdance, ii from a fcrupla to a drachm, in wine- Some dry and powder them. S M A L L A G E. Apium. Thii plant is cultivated in gardens. The rooti aie aperient and diuretic. The feeds ara carminative. The roots are one of the 'five opening roots ; and tbe feedi one of the four leffer hot feedi. The roots open obdruClion*, promote urine, and help dropfical patienti. They have been much ufed in tal- lad.<, and diet drinks. The feedi warm the habit, and expel wind. The young fhoott are called celery, celeri, and are very excellent for fallads in the fpring. But the roots and feeds are but little regarded in the prefent practice. SNAILS. Cochlear. ■ Snails are efteemed nutritious and demulcent. Their decoCtion in milk and water has been given in a thin, acrimonious date of the humours, in confump- tions, and emaciations; but they are fo little tegarded, that thoy have no place either in the London, or Edin- burgh pharmacopeias. SNAKE ROOT, BLACK. Radix Serpentaria Nigra. Black Snake Root. Called alfo Anapodapbyllon. Duck's foot, or Pomum Maiale. May Apple. Vid. Black Snake Root. SNAKE SNA SCj SNAKE ROOT, VIRGINIAN. Radix Serpentaria Virginia. Virginia Snake Root. Arijloloihia Serpentaria, Lin. The root is dimulant, diaphoretic, alexipharmic, and diuretic. It it good in low malignant feveri, and epidemic dif- eafe*, for raifing the pulfe, promoting a diaphorafis and urine ; and alfo for correcting tho putrid dilpofition of- the humours. Some recommend it in cutaneous affeCtiont. Dofe. Ia fubltance, from ten to thirty grain;. In infufion, from one to two drachmi. S N A K E WEE D. Polygonum Blflorta, L n. The root ii one of the drongoll of the vegetable a- ftringentt and dyplict; being corroborant and analeptic: but its anlifeptic power confift. n in aftringency. r It is good in dtfordoit proceeding from a laxi'y and debility of the (olids, for reftrainmg alvine fluxes, after proper evacuations, and other preiernatuial difcharget, whether ferous or fanguineous ; alfo in intermitting fe- ver*. In fmall doles it refifts putrefaction, and (liongth- *ns iho fyfteoi in acutr,.colIiquattve fovors ; but it is not . equal to the Peruvian ba.-k. r This root it alfo good both internally and externally in all kindt of fluxes and haemorrhages where aftringen- cy ia required. The toots, boiled in vinegar, maket an excellent anli- feptic gargle, good for a fore mouth, (pungy gu*n>, and . to faden loofe teeth. Dofes. Of tho root in fubflance, from fifteen to twen. ly grains ; in urgent calef, one drachm. SNAP DRAG ON- Antirrhinum and Barleria. Called alfo calf't fnout, becaufe iti fruit refembles - '.he fnont cf that animal. 304 S O A It growl in fields and fandy places. There are many fpecies of this plant. A decoCtion of them it called ufeful in the jaundice; but they are chiefly ufed as a charm. SNEEZE WORT. Ptarmica. Badard Pellitory. It grows in moid, fhady grounds. The roots of this plant have a hot biting tafte, muc'n 'ike the pellitory of Spain, which is ufed chiefly at a inafticatory ; and in decodion with the tinClure facra, in glyfters for colici occafioned by fumei'of lead. SNIPE. Galiinago Minor, or Snite. Dr. James informt, that their fhth ii nourifhnjj, itrengthening, and reftorative ; being delicate 10 the 'iflo andealy of digeftion, SOAP. Safo. Stop is a competition of vegetable oili or animal fats, i-Mtcd with alkaline lixivia in fuch a mar,r,er as lo dif- I'jlve logeihcr in water into a milky, femitranfpaieut liquid. Thtre are varioui kinds o'fl.'p, at i. Tr.e almond (oap. 9. Tho black foap. 3. The foft foap. 4. The volatile foap. fa Tfco white Spsnilh, or Call le foap. Bsfides the-ufe offap in wafh ng, &c. it is alfo ufed in medicine. 1 he belt hard foap ii diuretic, attenuan', antacid, li- Ihonlriptic, refolvent and detergent. Sshjoap is raoro acrid, and therefore hardly fit for in;*inil ufe. Pure hard/ca* is good In the jiundice, obftruClioni of ,lhc uiinaiy pad-gos, gravelly complaints, cacliettic, hy- dropic, SJO A jog atopic, rheumatic, and aithtitic complaints. External- ly, it difcuffei rheumatic paini, arthritic tumours, and ltagnatiog humours arifing from fpraint. Some have taken toft ioap, diffolved in ale, for the jaundice. Externally, it it faid to cure burnt, if applied bf'o-e blifteu arife. Rubbed on the tkin, it kills all kinds of lie-. Dofes. Of hard foap il from a fcruple to half an ounce, in tha form of a bolus, in pill.-, an electuary, or with tho fyrup of fugar, &-;. The virtues of ihe volatile foap are. not fully afcertain- ed, but do not feem to d ffer much from thii other kinds of hard foap. ^ : ■ ■» • SO AP BE R R I ES. Saponuriat Nuculte. Called-alfo Bermtidui Berriei. Tnay are tbe producf; of a (mail tiee. in Jamaica, and Other patti of *he Wo(l-lndie>. They are deobftrueot and detergent. They open and powerfully remove obftruClions in the livtr and fplcin ; mend an ill habit of the body, .help digoftion, and the green ficknel*. The bed preparatiant a_e, a tinClure made with whiter- win'-, a tinCtuie in fpirit, and an extraCl from a fplritu-. cut,tincture. SOAP WORT. Safonaria Officinalis, Z..*:, Called alfo Brui'e Wort. . The toot of this plant is called aprient, corroborant, ind fudorific. "' Both the juice and decoCtion of tl-.i-rrot ard leaves . have been ufad both internally and axterr.aHf, in agon- nc-frhosa, venereal ulcer?, the itch, See. Boil an ounce and an half of the dry root:, and half an ounce of the dry leaver^ in three quarts of water, till one third is cosTumed. Dofes. Ftom two to four pimstn?.;' be drank in twen- ty fcur hours, _ - '. B-b a u Ol gee* S O R Of the infpiflaled juice, half an ounce in pills may be t;ken in a day. SOFT GRASS. Holcus lanatut et Odoraius. One kind of holcus it called hordeumfpontuntum fpurium, which is a.kind of baftard barley, which grows fponta- neoufly. I do not learn that it is u(od in medicine. SO LO MO N's SEAL. Convallaria Polygonatum, Liu. The rooti are reftringent, incraflant, and corroborant* Theflowort, berriei, and leavei, acrid and poilonoui- A decoaion of the roots in milk, thickeni the hu- mouri and flrengtheni the lyftem ; and is therefore re- commended in l.*amorrhage». The fweet mucilage of the roots applied as a catap. iarm, il good in inflammationi, and tha haemorrhoids, to to diflipate fpeedily the blacknefs in contulionr, and to iieal frefh wounds. , The young fhooti have been eaten in the fptwg at af. paragur. SO P BH S TR EE. Vid. Service Tree. SORREL, COMMON. Acetofa Vulgare. Common S arret. The leaves are antalkaline, cooling, and antifcoibutic, 'The roots, deobdruent, and diuretic. A decoftion of the leavei in whey, quench thirtt, a- bate infhmmatiom, cool fevers, promote urine, and help Icurviet, be ng aper-ent, and detergent. The ju'ce of ft^el, and that of fcurvy graf., is alio called an excellent remedy in fcoibutic, complaints. The rpc>t. open cbfliuttioni, and. excite the urinary dilchargets", - ' SORREL, SPA 307 SORREL, WOOD. Lujula, ct Acetocella. Wood Sorrel. The leaves are antiphlogiftic, antifeptic, and aflrin- gent. They allay heat, cool levers, quench third, temperate the caudic bile, ftrengthen the heart, hslp fcurvies, malig- nant and peftilentiai fevers, inflammatory and putrid dif- orders. Thejuice, mixed with good rum, and fweeiened with brown fugar, is efteemed lo be an excellent remedy for the cure of a cough : it is an Indian difcovery. Dofes. Of the depurated juice, is from one ounce to two. Of the conferve, from three to .four drachms, SOUR SOPS. Adda Offa. This is mentioned at a vegetable produ&ion ; but it is not defctibed. SOUTHERN WOOD-, Abrotanum. 18 or 19. Tho male fouthern wood is direfted by tbe Edinburgh collage, and alfo by that of London. It is cultivated in gardens. | It is fiimulant, detergent, fudorific, ditcutient, ana- leptic, and anthelmintic. It has bean given in fnftanca to open obftruClions of the vifcera, deftroy worms, and help cacheCtic com- plaints ; it it alfo applied externally in ointments, and fomsntations, for cutaneous eruptions, preventing bald- nets, difcuffif.g of tumoun, and refitting of putrefaction; bu,t it is but little ufed in the prefent praftice. Dofe. Qf the loaves in powder, is one drachm. SPAR. Cortex Melallis rudis. Spar it a clafs of foffili, not inflammable nor foluble ia wi'cr ; when pure, pellucid aad colourlefs, and emu- lating 308 S P E la-ting the appearance of cryflal, but wanting its diftin- guifhing charaften ; compofed of plane equable plate*, not flexible nor elaftic ; not giving fire to fteel ; readily calcining in a fmall fire, and fermenting violently with acids, and wholly foluble in them. There are ten order i of fpari. The pureft and moft pellucid, were formerly chofea for medicinal ufei; and after they were perfeClly diffolv- ed in acidi were given in nephritic complainti, but ara fuppofed to do more barm than good. SPARROW GRASS. Afparagus. The roots are aperient, deobdruent, laxative, diuretic, atteouant, and antalkalino : being one of tbe five open- ing rooti. • The young fnoot- are chiefly employed in the kitch. en. They ara faid to create an appetite, but afford bul lilile nouriihment. They neutralize alkaline fubltances in the primae viae, are fotnewhat laxative, and give a foetid (melt lo the u- rine. A drong infufion of the root! is fuppofed to pro- mote urine wben (uppreffed. The fhoots have been efteemed hurtful to the kidniet, becaufe after eating them a patient frequently voidea1 bloody urine. SPEAR- W ORT. Vid. Crow's Foot. S P E E D W E L L, MALE. Veronica Mas. Male Speedwell. . This harb is aperient, pectoral, and diuretic. It is called r.ood in diforders of the bread, both ci- tatrhoul and ulcerous ; it purifies the blood and juices, An infufion of the leaves drank as a tea, promotes u- rine, removes crudities in the fird paffages, and is good in the hypochondria, jaundice, fcurvy, gravel, bloody urine, adhma, empyema, heftic fever, obdru&ions and vicars of tho vifcera, intermitting fever, coniuroo'jon ol tha S P E gog the lungs, hoarfenefs, nephritic colic, gravel, and reton. tion of urine. SPERMACETI. Spcrma Catti Dictum, It is obtained from the head of the fpermacati whale. It is a mild emollient, which is good in pains and asofions of tbe inteftinei, coughs from thin fharp de- ductions ; and in general, in all cafes where tho folids require relaxation, or tbe acrimonious humouri foften- For internal ufe, it may be united with watar, and almonds, gums, or tha yolk of an egg, and taken in tha form of an emulfion. Alfo with oils, wax, or refin for asternal purpofes. The dofe of Spermaceti, is one drachm. SPIDER. Aranea. There are different kinds of Spiders in America ■ and ihe bites of the green kind, are fo very venomoui, that a mm who wai bit by one in a vein juft above his fote finger, died in about twelve houri, in the year 1780.— The part affefted firft itched, then fmarted, ached, and (welled to hii armpit ; from tbence it extended to tbo middle of his bread, &c. The juice of plaintainY i» fuppofed to be an antidote a- 1 gaind tbii poifon ; but let olive oil be tried. SPIDER's WEB. Aranea Tela. Vid, Cob-webs, SPIDER WORT. Epbemtrum. 4. Thefe four fpeciei all grow in Virginia, but none of them aie uled in medicine. SPELTS. Spelta or Zta, &te 3 P o A kind of corn. It is a name for beer barley, or bear corn. Vid. Barley. SP1GNEL. Aethufa Meum, Lin. Called alfo Baud Money, or Bauld Money. The root is of the fame nature of fennel or lovage, but the odour is more agreeable, and the tafte warmer and tweeter. It hath an aromatic pungency, borders on the foetid, and abounds with a volatile fait. It is more pungent than fennel, and milder than lovage. Vid. Fennel and Lovage. SPIKENARD, AMERICAN. Naidus Americanus. American Spikenard. Vid. Petty Merrel. S P I N A G E, COMMON. Spinachia Vulgare. It is only ufed at the table ; but if freely eater, prove*. laxative, diuretic, and cooling. SPLEEN WORT. AfpUmum Ceteracb, Lin. Called alfo Milt-wade. It is a fmall buihy plant growing in the fiffuras of rocks. The leaves are pe&oral, aperient and diuretic. Tbay open obftruClions of the vifcera, promote expec- toration and urine ; cleanfing tbe kidniai, allaying paini in the urinary paffages, and gently cairy off (and and gravel in the mean time ; for which purpofei an.infu- fion may be drank at a tea. SPONGE. Spmgia Officinalis, Lin. S P R jju It is a light, foff, and very porous fubftance, found sidhering to rocks by the fea ; it is fuppofed to be of an- imal origin, lt abound! with a volatile, animal, alkaline fill, in which its virtues refide. It ii ftyptic and antifcorbutic. It it ufed inftead of flannels in the application of fo. mentations, becaufe it "holds its heat longer. For tents to dilate wounds, being firft dipped in hot beei wax, fqueezed till it is cold, cut in a proper form, and then introduced. It is applied over lint, to tbe (lumps of limbs after amputation. It flops the bleeding of arterie*, but ad- bare; fo ftrongly to tbe part, that it is difficult to re- move it. , Sponge, burnt to a black powder, is good in fcrophulous diforders, and cutaneous foulneffei, as the fcurvy, Sec, has removed large fwellings in tbe neck, called broncho- -cslla. After it is burnt it fhould bs pulverized in a glafs or marble mortar, otherwile, it will imbibe the metal, and become emetic, by reafon of its faline quality. , Dofe. From ten to twenty grains, two or three times In a day. SPOTTED ARSMART. Polygonum Perfiearia, Lin. Called alto Deadly Arfmart. ' It grows in moid lands, and has a black fpot in the middle of the leaf. It it called analeptic, but it not ufed in the prefent pra&jco. For Biting Arfmart, Vid, Pepper, Water. SPRUCE TREE. Arboreus Bellulus. Thii is an evergreen tree of the pina kind, growing in Canada, Nova Scotia, Now England, &c. ' There' are two fpeciai, viz. the double fpruce, and the tingle fpruce ; the former is efteemed bed for medicinal purpofe-. It is antifcorbutic! A V S*T A Adecodion of tbe tops baa been efteemed excellent in the fcurvy, and in the tcorbutic dyfentery. A very wholefome bser ia made of the effance of fpruce, and al- fo of tho decoction of its boughs. Vid. Beir. An effential oil is obtained from fpruce by diftillation, which is faid to be good in venereal complaints, but of this I am doubtful. Daft. Of tho oil, is from five to twenty dropi, in fu- gar. SPUNK. Boletus. It is a genus of funguffes. Called an horizontal fun- gus, which is porous underneath. The agaric of the oak is a fpecies of (his genus. Vid. Agaric, Female. SQUALUS. A name for fifties of the fhatk kind, as the faw fifh, common hound fifh, fmootb hound fifh, Shagreen fifh, centrine and monk fifh, ballance fifh, fea fox, the topr, tbe bonne), morgag, and blue and white fhliks. Vid. Shark. SQUASH. Melopepo. 5. They agree in virtue with tbe pompion, which fee. STAG. Cervus. An animal in Canada, &c. of the deer kind. A Stag is a very {lately tntd beautiful animal, about twice the fize of the common fallow deer .- the head ii remarkably large : the neck ftrong and thick : the evei full and large : the eafi long and patulous : the horni tall, almoft eretl, and of a beautiful form ; thay rile each with a fingle and elegant ftem, which continuei its form to the top, only landing off branches and diva- rications ; they are hairy when onca formed, but after- waidt S T A 313 wards they becoma very ftrong, and Iota that downy ap- pearance. Tbe body of the Stag ii roundifh and plump : the back fomewhat flatted, and the belly prominent ; the legs are long : the hoofs cloven : the fur doep, thick, and of a tawny reddifh colour. Their flath, until they are throe years old, is excellent food. STAG'S HORN SUMACH. Rhus Typbinum. This fpecies of Sumach is found in North Ameriea ; but whether it is or ii not ufed in medicine, 1 am no! informed. STARCH. Amylum, 1 It ii infpiffant, incr-tffant, demulcent, agglutinant, and :corroborant. It is good in dry cough*, hoarfenefi, catarrhs, fharp defluaions, fpitting of blood, internal ulcers, heat of u- rine, gonorrhoea, diarrhoea, and dyfentery : it is excel- Rent in glyfters. Boil a drachm offlarch made of wheat, in three ounc- ei of water, with a little lugar, which for 111 an excel. lent jelly. Do/?, of thejally, is a table fpoonful every hour. STAR APPLE. Cainilo. Ptmum Stella, z. Chryfpbyllum. The fiird of this pltnt it a fubova'ed large berry with one cell, containing three offeout feedi. • No medics'. Virtue ii mentioned. STAVES-ACRE, Stephifagria. Delphi! 1-n Staphifagria, Lin. Cal'edalfo Loufe-won, or Pedieuhris. The feeds are violently emetic and cathattic. C c From '3*4 S T R From ten grains to a fcruple operates with great vio« lence, both upwards and downwards, and inflames tho throat and domacb. The fine powder of thefe feedi mixed among tho hair, and fecured with an handkerchief, deftroys lice. The powder mixed with oatmeal, and given to rati -and mice, putt an end to their exiftonce. STEEL. Chalybs. It has tbe fame virtue ai iron. Vid. Iron. STINKING ORACH, A triplex Foetid a. it is a low procumbent plant, fprinkled all oyer with •a white clammy meal. It growi wild about dunghills. It is a foetid antihyftoric, and aClt by its odour with- out irritation. It is belt to take it in the form of a conferva. Two or three drachms may be taken in a day, STONE COAL. Carbo Lapis. This it fuppofed to be of the nature of coal mines. Vid. Coal mines. STORAX, LIQUID. Liquid Storax. Vid. Liquid Amber. STRANGE COLT's FOOT. Cacalia. 7. Called alfo Leontice Veterum. It grows in fhady places ; the loaves are large and ■white. Its virtues are the fame ai tbore of the common fort. Vid. Colt's Foot. STRAWBERRY S T U 315 STRAWBERRY BUSH. Fragaria. Tbo leavei aro ftyptic. The fruit cooling, diuretic,, and antifcorbutic A decoction of tbe whole plant is good in the jaun- dice. The loaves do fervice in debility and laxity of Iha vifcera ; immoderate facretiont, as haemorrhages, alvine fluxes, obftruClions of the vifcera, and of Iho uri- nary paffagoi. The fruit abates heat, quenches third, loofens tbo belly, promotes urine, and is good in tha gout, and grav- el. Half a pint of ftrawberries eaten at a time cured an obftinato diarrhoea of two years ftandin*-*. And four quarts of this fruit, cared a man dangeroufiy ill with the (curvy. They alfo diftolve tartareous incruftations of the teeth. I obferved when I travelled in France, in the year 1700, that the French ate them with white wine and fu- gar, which is a very palatable and falutary compofition.. A pound of fugar added to a quart of the expreffed juice of ftrawberries, makei an agreeable wine, if it is kept a year before it is drank. Some eat them with milk ; but as tbey do not afford much nourifhrnoBt, and are apt to putrefy in the dom- acb, I think that the French mode of eating them is the- me ft wholefome. STRAWBERRY TREE. Vid. Bear's Whortleberry'. STURGEON. Acipenfer, Tho river Sturgeons are much larger than thofe found in tha fea ; tbe {owner are fometimos more than fourteen foot in length, and tha latter teldom two feet ; though I have feen thofe that were large in the Sound between Connecticut and Long Idand. Sturgeons are bred in tbe tea, but come to perfection in rivers. In Holland tbey cut Sturgeons in pieces, and prefervo them in barrelt. The flefh, thus falted and pickled, is* in, eriat requeft among theEoglifh. SUCCORY.. 3»6 S U G - *■'• SU C COR Y, C'ichorcum,' 14. There are two k'nds of Succory, tha wild, and the garden ; and Dr. Motherby fays, that both of them may be ufed indifferently. Tbey ate gently cathartic, aperient, attenuant, deter- gent, and corroborant. The feeds are called one of the four letter cold leads. The juice is good in obdruCtioni of tbo vifcers, jaun- dice, cachexiet, hectic fever, inflammations, coniump- tioni, dubborn intermitting feveri, hypochondriac affec- tions, cutanoout difeafes, debilitiei of the intedinet, and other chronic diforders. It (hould be taken in fuch large quantities at to keep up a gentle diarrhqea. Dr, Culler mentions a fpeciei of Succory, which ha calls blue fuccory, and fays it it a good domachic. SUGAR, BROWN. Sacchara Fufca, vet Saccbarum Fufcum, Brown Sugar. It 't emoll'enf, demulcent, and gently laxative. It is good in coughs, hoarfenefles, confumptiont, pleu- rTies,, peripneumonia', fcurvy, putrid diforderi, and ul- cer:, lt (heaiht acrimony, abilergei ulceration!, and stxcites tho urinary difchargei. I'xtornaliy, it heals wound*, eleanfes ulcers, and pro. vents mott.ficationi. MOLASSES is much ufed in cookeiy. It it analeptic, apenonr, and detergent. An Indian woman, with ftiffjoia.tr, was cured of the rheumatitm, by drinking and applying a large quantity of ma!. IT- . Molajfes, mixed with an eq sal quantity of boiling wa- iei, cured the cvfentery, when other medicines failed. . it Uket off the ttrifturo of the boweli, eafes the pain, ■ edits putiefaCtion, proves gently purgative, and re- mc ves all the difagreeable fymptomi. The do a of this mixture it a jill. From a quart to three pint! ii to be drank in 24 hours. Molajfes alfo mixed with cyder and water, vinegar »na wator, or even fimple water, mikai a very faluta- •y SDL g i •) ry liquor,-which is good in hot weather, and whan pu- trid difeafe* prevail. SUGAR CANDY. Saecharum Cant urn. This is prepared by boiling dawn the fogar to a thicker confiftence than ufoal ; and may be made of white or brown fugar. lt is good in hoarfonefi, avod tickling coughs; and if' powdered and Mowed into the eye with a quill, is faid to diffolve tha albugo on the tranfparent coinaa. SUGAR CANE. Arundo Sacc'harifera. Sugarcane is cultivated in the Weft-Indies for tho* purpofe of making rum, fugar, and roolaffas. It giowi about nine feet high, and the ftalkl are hollow and : jointed. When it has come to a proper maturity, it is cut in pieces at the joint!, . bound in bundles, font to mill.-, . where it is ground between rollers armed with iron plait's : the cane comes out of the mill almod dty, and the juice runt off into a proper vaffal. It it afterwards boiled, made into fugar or molaffei, or diftilled into rum.. SUGAR, DOUBLE REFINED. Saecharum Puriftcatuvt. Double refined Sugar it employed in a large number of medicinal compofuions, at well as for (weetening.de- eo&iont, infufions, fpirituous liquors, &c. for tbo pur- ppfe of nuking thorn more palatable. SUGAR, MAPLE, Acer Saecharum, Maple Sugar, Vid. Maple. SULPHUR, Sutphuris. Brimftone.. C c 2 It. SUM It it anthelmintic, diaphoretic, and purgmve. It dsftroys worms, promotes infenfible perfpiration, and loofent the belly. It cures tbe itch, and other cutaneous difeafes, if in- ternally given, and externally applied, is good in coughs, -.Uhmat, catarrhs, gout, rheumatiim, and tcorbutic com* plaints. ' An ounce of fulphur diffolved in a pint of rum, or gin, it called excellent in rheumatic paini, and to cure the itch. It may be ufed both inwardly and outwardly.-— Some make it into an ointment with hog's lard, for ex- ternal ufe. Mixed with honey and applied to the part affaaad, it euros violent rheumatic pains ; the abovo tinClure baing taken in the mean time. A drachm of fulphur, mixed with a- fcruple of gum guaiacum, proves a br ik cathartic. Dofe. Of the flowers of fulphur, is from one fcruple to a drachm, in molaffei. SUMACH, COMMON. Sumach Vulgaris. Common Sumach. Rhus Coriaria, Lin. the (eeds, berries, and leaver, aie moderately afliin. gent. They were formerly ufed to reftrain bilious fluxes, rsmorrbagei, and.colliquative. heCtic tweats; but they •io not much ufed in Britain. An infufion of the berries tweetened with- honey, is billed a good gargle for the fore thioat, and for cleanfing the mouth in pu'rid fevers. If the baik of the root is bruifed, and boiled in an e- C'ial quantity of milk and wales; than taken off, and In- i-anmaal be ftirred into it ai it cools, it makei a cata- o'afm which is faid to cure burns, without leaving an • tnh-ir. Dc. Infufo an ounce ofahe . berriei in a pint of wa- or, »ni '..*•» half a fpconiul or moro at a time, SUMACH, POISON. - S-r'.acb Toxicum, vel Toxica. V.idr. n, Potfbn Sumach^, It SUN 3»9 It is called tho fwamp futnach, tha poifon oak, dog- wood, and dog-elder. Dr. Motherby informs that it is to poifonous, that no infe&s ever come near it. Vid, Dog-wood. SUMMER SAVORY. Satuxeia. It is a very warm, pungent aromatio, fomewhat diure- tic, and emmenagogic. It warms the habit, promotes urine,.and the menfes ; helps a cold ftomach, and the moid afthma, by promoting an expectoration of thick vitcid matter, which ftuffi up the lungs ; it is alfo uled in cookery. An infufion of the herb may be drank as a tea, S U N - D E W. Rot Solis. Called alfo Red Root. Quinfey cads it cardiac and cephalic. It ii a.very cauftic plant, which wai efteemed a great reftorative and provoker of venery ; and fome commend- ed it at a cordis'. Dr. Cutlir fay s, that the whole plant is fo acrimoni- ous that it will corrode the (kin ;—that the juice mixed with milk, and applied to the tkin removei freckle! and fun-burn ; that the clear juice deftroys warts and corns; and that a mixture of the drained juice with milk, fat by for a day or two, acquires fuch a confiftoncy, that neither the cream nor whey will teparate; in which ftate the inhabitants of Sweden have ufed it as food, which is called vary grateful. The plant is faid- to be injurious to cattle and fheep on account of its acrimony, as it renders their vifcera (chirrou.. S U'N FLOWER. Corona Soils. It is a native of Peru and other warm countries in A.. merica. Itii not ufed in med/cine, but tome nave mado bread ^lb-Meed.. SUN gao S W E SUN FLOWER, DWARF, AMERICAN. Obelifcotheca. a. The Dwarf American Sun Flower. There aro two fpecies ; one is found in Virginia, and the other in Carolina, but tbey aro of no medical ufe. SWALLOW WORT. Vincetoxicum. Tame Poifon. The root is refolvent, fudorific, diuretic, emmenagogic, and alexipharmic. It has been ufed in catarrhal, cachectic, and fcropbn- lous diforders ; to promote fweat and urine ; and euro the plague, fmall pox, meafies, malignant fovert, king't evil, and dropfy ; but it il not much ufed in En- gland. The frefh root has fometimes excited vomiting. Dofe. Of the root, from a fcruple to a drachm. In infufion or decoCtion, throo or four drachmi. SWAMP CHEESE BUSH. Dumus Cafeus Patudofus, This bufh is found in Coventry, and in other parti of Rhode-ifland. It rifei about eight or ten feet high ; the flow en are very beautiful,' emit an agreeable odour, which very much refembles that of ripe ftrawberries : this bufh would be a fine ornament for gardens. The country people est the fruit, and fuppofo it to ba cooling j but tbe medical propertiei of this bufh, and its produaions, appear to be unknown. SWAMPSCABIOUS. Called Swamp Deck, &c. Thejuice and powder of the root of this plant, cures- the king's etil. A poultice is applied to the part. Dofe, Half a teafpoonful. SWEET CICELY. Myrrhis. 15. Great Chervil. Xf< swi 1t4 'It is tha Scaniix Odorata, of Lin. Thit plant is cultivated in gardens.' It is Sightly aromatic, aperient, and diuretic; lt is good in the fcurvy. SWEET FLAG. Calamus Aromaticus. Vid. Flag, Sweet. SWEET GALE. Elaagnus, Vid. Sweit- Willow. SWEET MAUDLIrf. Vid. Tanf,. SWEET WILLIAMS. Vid. Pink. SWEET WILLOW. Elaagnus. Called alfo Gale, Gaule, and Dutch Myrtle. It grows on heathi, uncultivated grounds, and marfby places. ' It is very bitter. Some ufe tbo floweri in mtking ale, inftead of hop;. SWINE. Porcus. The Jews were not allowed to eat nor touch fwine's flalh, according to ihe Mofaic law. Vid. Livit. xi. 8. and tbey keep the command to this day. And it appears by hiftory, that the Perfians, the inhabitants of Abyfiin- ia, and thofe t»f the empire of tho Great Mogul, eat no >frpork. ; Ii' In i the London Praaice of Phyfic, it is faid, it is by no means a wholefome diet. In hot countries it is tup. pofed that it generates the laproty, and fome other dif- orders. Howover, it is eonftantly eaten by moft of tho Americans, Ji* TAM Americans, let the confaajuencai bo what they may, and* the fat ii ufad in unguents. SYC AMOR £. Acer and Acri*. Tha great maple tree it falfely called fycamore, accord- ing to Dr. Motherby ; but tho acer major, or greater ma- ple, is called fycamtro in the dictionary of arts and fcienc- as. But the fycomorus of the ancients was a large tree like a fig tree. TACAMAHACA. Tscamahcsca. This is tbo refin of a large treo of the pino kind,. growing in divert parts of America. Tho refin it balfamic, and corroborant. It has been employed by tbe Indians externally for dtfcufltng and maturating tumours, abating pains of the- limbi. It ii an ingredient in warm nervine plaifteri, to warm, irritate, and garni-' Wiftor. lt has alfo been ufed in fum-.. igations. TALC, Talcum. It is an earthy concrete, of a fibroiv, leafy texture, mora or lefs pellucid, bright, and glittering, fmooth and flippery to tbo touch ; in fome degree flexible and elaftic, fo at fcareely to ba pulvorable. It is not uled in medicine in the prefent age. TAMARIND. Tamarindus. ' It is the fruit of a tree growing in the Weft-Indies. Tho pulp of the fruit is gently laxative, and antallta* line. If taken in largo quantities, it purges downwards. It quenches thirft, allays heat, abates inflammationi, cools fevers, and corrects putrefaction ; ia good in tho- jaundics, burning fevers, plague, piles, bilioui diarrhoea, diseases of the kidniaa, and gonorrhoea. Tha TAN 3«3 The dofe, ai a pu~ge, is from two to four ounces, in decoaion. For other purpofet, from one to two drachmi. TANSY, DOUBLE. Tanacetum. Double Tanfy. It is a warm, deobdruent bitter. The leaves and feeds are anthelmintic. It is good for a weak ftomach, cachedic and hyfteric complaints, from a fupprefiion of tho menfes. The leaves and feeds expel worms, help the gout, col. ic, and Satulencei. Thejuice has been ufed in tho dropfy, cachexy, and fluor albus. Dofes. Of the feed, from ten to thirty graini. Of thejuice, from one to four ouncei. •Of an infufion of the leaves, from half a pint to a pint in a day. TANSY, MAUDLIN. Ageratum. 7 or 8. Achillea Ageratum, Lin. Maudlin Tanry. It contains the virtuei of coftmary and double tanfy, butut is hardly ever ufed in medicine. An infufion is the beft preparation. Vid. Coftmary, Sec. TANSY, SINGLE. Argentina. Petcntilla Anferina, Lin. Single Tanfy. Called alfo filver weed, and wild tanfy, or cinejuefoii. It is a mild aftringent and corroborant. j-<.l It has been ufed in rhe fluor albui, diarrhoea, baemor- twjtrhages, and intermitting fever, for which purpofe it ■ liiay be adminiftered in decoaion, or the Oxpreffod juice may bo taken. But it is not regarded in the prefent praaice. 3-4 TAR TAR. Pix liquida. This is a thick, black, refinous, and vary adhefive juice, melted out by fire from old pines and fir trees. Tar water is warm and stimulant, in confequence of its hot pungent oil. This water is obtained by putting two pounds of tar into a gallon of water, which is to be well ftirred to- gether with a wooden rod, and after it hat ftood twelve hours to fettle, it mull be poured off for ufe. ; This v-atar hai been recommended at a flow and ef- feCludl alterative in cachexiot, fpurviei, cblorotic, hys- terical, hypochondriacal, and other chronical complaints | and alfo in acute difeafet, as the pleurify, peripneumony, faaall pox, and all kinds of fevers. It raifes the pulfe, and generally promotes perfpira- tion or urine, though fometimes it vomits or purges. It may be of confiderable utility in fome cafes, but accord- ing to my obfervation, it is too heating for many con- dilution*, and efpecialiy for heCtical patients, Dofes. From a pint to a quart hat been drank in twenty four hours. Tar is uled in fome ointments and plaifters, TARE, OR VETCH. Vicia, 22. They are heating and aftringent. TARTAR. Tartarum. The cryftali of tartar, and the cream of tartar, both agree in virtue. Thay ara cooling, aperient, laxative, and cathartic. Tartar, opens obftruftions of the vifcera, ii good in lofi of appetite, fevers, cachexy, hypochondriac paflion, and dropfy, even when attended with fcirrhofitiei. Dofes. At a purge ii from fix drachms to an ounce. Ai a laxative from one to three drachmi. Ai an aperient, from half a drachm to a drachm. TEA. TEA i*S TEA. Thia. We doxnot mean to treat in this place of the Eaft- In- dia teas, which are only confidoted at diluents, but of tbe American,onekind of which grows in Carolina ; thia is called cafjfint; the leaves are about tbe fize and fliaptj of (enna leavoi, black (h when dried, fhining in the up- per part, green underneath, having no tafte, bur an ar- omatic tmell. Dale calls it a fpecies of alaternus, or ev- ergreen privet. Miller calls coffine vera floridaorum, the South Sea tea tree ; and the Parigua, the cafEo berry bufh. Some call tho Parigua, or South Soa tea, by the name of St. Bar. tbolomew'- herb. It grows near the fea, and is not known to grow far inland. The trade for this tea is chiefly at Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, whither it is brought by the ifiver Plate. There are two forti, the yerba de palos, and a finer and better fort called yerba de camini. It it mod probable that the yerba do camini it tbe Parigus, er South Sea tea, and that the yerba de palot it our caf- fio berry bufh. ^Cojfine it ufed in South America, in the f.m? manner at we ufe tha Eaft-India teai. TEA, MEXICAN. Botrys Mexicana. Mexican Tea. Thii plant ii cultivated in gardens. It is anttfpafmodic. An infufion of tbe leaves and flowers drsnk at a :ti is ufeful in coughs and humoral afthmat. There it a tea called caaminr, which it the fined fort of Paraguayan tea. It is tho leaf of a fhrub, growing en the mountains of Maracaya, and is ufed in Chili and Peru as the Eaft-India teas are with us. Thii fhrub may bo cultivated, but thia kind of tea hai not fo fine a flavour, ai that which grows wild on iho mountains. JDd TBTZON TLL arC T«I TETZONTLI. Lapis Gemma. Gems, or Jewel Stones. -Gems are much valued for their Iuftre, tranfpar. oncy, colour, hardnots, weight, and rarity. Thefe ara diamonds, rubies, (apphires, topazes, emeraldi, chryfo- lites, amethy (Is, garnets, hyacinths or jacinths, beryls or aqua marinas. Thoy were once its high repute in medicine, but as they are all infoluble in the human ftomach, they are dis- regarded in tbe prefent praCtiee. THETL'ATI AN. Guao, Vid. Guao. THOROUGH.WORT. It is called Bona-fet. This herb grows in many parts of New-England, A decoaion of tho leaves and tops have been given by the country people in recent colds, and has proved both ematic and cathartic. The cathartic quality is tha mod powerful. THISTLE, BLESSED., Carduus BtnediBus. TheBleffed Thiftle. It is cultivated in gardens. The herb is emetic, and fudorific. The feeds diapho- retic and fudorific. A decoaion excitei vomiting ; but a flight infufion of the leavei fits eafy on the ftomach, helps a weak appe- tite, indigeftion, and removes vifcid phlegm, li pro- motes the natural fecretiont, ai fweat, Sec. and il ufeful both in acute and chronic diteafes. Tbe feadt given in an emulfion, excitei infenfible per- fpiration ani fweat. <' Dofes. Infufe an ounce of tho dry leaves, in a pint ol foft cool water ; and drirk five or fix ounces of theliq- *uor, two or three timet in a day. . Of T H R 3»7 Of the foods, three drachms. Of thejuice, three or four ounces. THISTLE. COMMON. Carduus Vulgaris. The Common Thidle. Or common creeping way thiule, or low thidle. It grows in tillage grounds, and in high ways. If beaten into a poultice, and applied to tha^part affeCt-. ad, it relieves the pains of the haemorrhoids. ' The bruifed roots, deeped in luke warm water, are call- ed good for tho canker in the moutb, if drank and uied as a gargle. The roots of tbe low thidle, bruifed, and infufad in. cold water, and diank freely, aie faid to help the king's, ayil. THORN APPLE. Stramonium, Datura Stramonium, Lin. It il an herbaceoui plant, with ftalks two or three feet bfigh. * The leaves aro called cooling. Tho feeds narcotic. An extraCt of thejuice is called good in convulfions, the opilepty, and madnali. An ointment made of this plant, is ufeful in inflam- mations, and the I as-norrhoids. A poultice of tho.leavei abates external inflammationi. The feedi are poilon. Dofe. Of the oxtraCt, it from one to five grains. THORN.BUSH. Dumus Stramonius. Thii bufb it well known in many partt of America.— It bean berries which are of a bright fcarlet colour when ' ripe. They ate fuppofed to bo aftringent. THROAT WORT. Vid, Water Aveni. THY M.E, 3»8 T O A THYME, COM MON. Thymus Vulgaris. Vid. Mother Thyme, And Common Thyme. TIMOTHY, OR CAT's TAIL GRASS. Phlium Prattufe. Dr. Motherby mentions groat cat's tail, called fffbapw. tufiris major, or reed mace. It grows in inailhy grounds, and by tbe fides of rivu- lets ; but is not ufed in medicine. TIN. Stannum. Tin is a whitifh metal, fofter than filver, harder thun lead, and tho lighted of all metali. It is anthelmintic. it is given to daftroy worms, particularly the taenia : pcrhapi tho caufe of tbis cffe&t may be owing to a por- tion of arfenic, found in the tin. Tin is powdered in the following manner, viz. melt fix poundt of tin in an iron veffol, and ftir it with an iron rod till a powdor float! on the furface. Take oft Ihe powdor, ar.d when cold, pafs it through a Gave. Deft. From fix lo iwooty grains in roolafiss. In cafes of taenia, an ounco ha* been given. The Sift dofe caufet a pain in tho ftomach, TOAD. Bufo. Thar* is a vary poilonous toad in South Amerirt, call- ad by tie BValilians euru.ru, an-*- by the Purtuguefe, tap*. Hie powder of tha common toad wat formerly g>v*n «* a diuratir, for tho cure of tha dropfy ; but it it now ban-fhed from ths ptelent praaice. Mien fays, the toad is full of Tsnjtn, if it hai no teeth, its gums ara hard and rough, fo that it can inliil iti poi- fon by biting. Iheir unne is th«rr*,and caultic, being impregnated with a volatile fait, Tmy difchargc their uejosi.on herb* by piur,ig, (pit, ing,. and vomiting, and efpecialiy T-O-B flag efpecialiy on dra-vberrie.-, which they are very fond of. If thit poifon gats on the (kin, it (hould be immedi- ately wafhod off with a mixture of fait and urine ; if it gets into the body, it fwellt, the tkin turnt yellow, the lips and tongue grow black, a ftamrncring comes on, with fhortnefi of breatb, vomiting, cold tweats, convul- fions, fainting, and death. When thii poifon has been fwallowed, emetics, ca. tbartici, enemai, warm, attenuating alexitoriali, generous wine, much exercife, &c. wai recommended. But 1 think that oily (ubftancei, as froth butter, olive oil, &c. might be beneficial. TOAD FLAX; Linaria. 22. Antirrhinum Linare, Lin. The leaves are called diuretic aod purgative. It promotes urine, and purges the bally. The fie(h leaves bruited and applied to the part af- feCUd, eafe painful rise norrhoids ; bul thefe virtuet aici fo much doubted, that it is but little ufed in the prefent- praCtiee. TO A D STOOL. Fungus. Tbey are not ufed in medicine. <} ■'• TOBACCO. Nicotiana Tabacum, Lin. It is a virulent emetic and cathartic. . Dr. Wallis fays it is narcotic, emetic, purgative, and falivant. Dr. Cullen calls it flimu'ant.' A few grains taken internally, will both vomit and purge. Applied to green wounds externally it excitei vomit- ing. It hai been called an antidote againft pedtlontial con- tagton. It is chiefly ufed in Imoakjng a'*d chewing, but does haira if uled to oxcefs. by exciting too tauch (pitting. ------------ D d * which 33-- TOD which deprives tho body of a parr of ita nouriihment j and therefore it it injurious to tbe lean and heCtical, but beneficial to the more grofi and moid temperament!. Tha fmoke blown inio water and njetted glyderwife, is good in the colic, iliac paffion, coftivenefi,. worms, iiernia, for perfons drowned^and fpafmodic aftbroa. Thi vinous infuTion powerfully piomotes urine, and ,s good in the diopfy, and dyfury. This infufion ii ptepaied by infufing an ounce of good tobacco, in a pint of Spanifh white wine, for four days, and draining the liquor. Ti'mcco hai alfo been uled externally in unguents, for deftioying cutaneous infects, and cleanfing old ulcers. Beaten into a math with vinegar or brandy, it prov- ed ferviceablo in removing bard tumours in hypochon- driacal patienti. Tobacco is alfo ufed in four?, which, if fwallowed, o# taken to excels,, provet hurtful. Where a vinoui infufion cannot ba had, a watery one may anfwer. It is obtained by infufing an ounce in a pint of boil- ing waier. Dofes. Of the vinoui infufion as an emetic,one ounce Of the watery infufion, an ounce or more. As an alterative, a few drops of either, TOD D ;Y. This liquor is prepared by adding to three half pint** nf water, one of rum or brandy, a little fugar, and after (lirring, a little nutmeg. It is called a falutary liquor,.and efpecialiy in the- lu-nmor feafon, if it is drank with moderation.. TODDY TREE* Matmi. 2. The Mamti is alfo called Mamma Nomvtt it it a fine tall evergreen tree fomewhat teftmblfng- the walnut tree. The fruit it at large at a man's two sifts, and ii very agreeable. The bed kind,of there treei grow in Hifpankjla, but xkiy aro found -in other Wefta Udia Iflaadi. Fronv- T R O 331 From incifioos made in tha branchet a copious dis- charge of pollucid liquor ia obtained, which is cuied nomin or toddy wine ; but it mud be drank very Iparing- ly, becaufe of iti vary diuretic quality : it ii efteemed as an effectual prefer vative from'tbe done, as 4IT0 a folvent of it when generated. TOLU TREE. Arbor Toluifera. Ill's a kind of fir tree, which grows in tho province- of Tolu, in Terra Firma : it affordt the balfam of Tolu,. Vid. Baljtvt Tom. TOR M E.N TIL. Tsrmentilla ErttHa, Lin. This plant has dander, weak, upright ftalk!, and' oblong leava-s : it grows wild in wood-. The root i. one of the moft agreeable, and efficacious vegetable aftringants. It it good in diarrhceas, dtfaftteriei, and basmorrha- , gas ; but it mutt be ufed with caution, left the flux be ; flopped too foon. > Dofe. Of the-root-in fubfiance, it from a. fcruple to a I drachm. 1 -H-attry be taken in decoCtion. TOUCH WOOD; Agaricus Quercus. Vid. Agaric, Female. T R OUT. Truta. There are two kinds of trtuts, the common trout and the faimon trout. Jreutt breed and rrve ia frefh waters.. The flefh of the common trout it called excellent, but ' when they are old, it becomes drier and hairier to digeft. Salmon troutt have weighed thirty or .forty pounds a- ; pjoce, ia fome parts of tho world, It ii called a very delicate-... 33a T U R delicate fifh, and fliould be eaten fparingly, becaufr-it ia- vary fat, and therefore apt to rife in the ftomacb. TRUMPET FLOWER. Bignonia. 11. It it not ufed in medicine, TULIP TREE. Magnolia, 3. The Laurel leaved Tulip tree.. It. is not ufed in medicine. TUPELO TREE. Arbor in Aqua Naffent. It grows in Maryland, Virginia, and Carolina ybnU bo virtuo ii mentioned.. TURNIP, COMMON. Rapa Vulgate. Common Turnip. If is laxative, detergent, and diuretic. The feedi are alexipharmic, and diaphoretic. » The expreffsd liquor, from boiled turnips, is good in 1 coughs, and other diforders of the breaft. Applied as a cataplafm,_they are faid, to do fervice in . old ulcers. Turnips are much uled at food, but are fomewhat hard to digs ft, and therefore apt to excite flatulence in weak, flomachs. The feeds promoto perfpiration, having much tbo** fame virtue of muftard, but weaker. Dofes; Of the expreffed liquor, a largo fpoonful. Of the feed in powder, from half a drachm tot,. drachm-,' TURNIP, FRENCH*. ■ Vid. Navew. TiU R N I P, W I L Dy* ,( - RapaSjlveft.ru 2M T U R ,33 They are a good pot herb when young, TURPENTINE. Terfiinlitrha. We have different kinds of turpentine, as the pitch pine, white pine, Ac. Tbey aro ftimulant, diuretic, detergent and corrobo- rant. The pitch pine is only ufed externally, in plaiftan and unguents ; but by diftillation, an oil, or fpirit is ob- tained from it. The while pine turpentine ii ufed for tbe fame purpofas. Tbe oil is ftimulant, anlifeptic, detergent and diuretic. The balfam of turpentine is a thick matter remaining behind in the dill after tbe effential oil has been diftill- ed off. This balfam is called estpectorant, aperient, and de- tergent. The etTential oil redistilled, is called the astberial oil of turpentine. lt is ftimulant, detergent, and diuretic. Turpmtini promotes urine, cleanfes she urinary pada- ges, deterges ulcere, gently loofeos tbo belly, and ftrangibens the tone of the veffalt. But in all cafei of inflammation it tnuft not bo Ufed, by reafon Of its heat- ng quality, Tne effeni ential oil taken in boney, is called good in cb- ftinate rheumatic and (ciatic paini. Soma prefer the astbarial oil, in the fame complaints ; but both ought to ba ufed with great caution, by realon of their inflammability. Tha balfam opens obftructions, promotes expectora* tion, and proves deterfive. Dofet, of turpentine, is from a temple to a drachm and an half, in the yolk of an egg. Of the astberial oil, from ten to fifty drops. TURQUOISES. Turcbefta. Called alfo Turcoife. It ii a copper ore, improperly ranked among the eems. Vid. Copper. There S84 V E R There is another kind, which is only the bones of an- imals tinged to a beautiful blue colour, by having been buried near copper Ore. Thefe bones, calcined, aro fo violently emotic, that thay are not fit to he ufed in medicine. UNICORN. Alttril Farinofa. This teems to be a name for a vegetable produaion which is not defcribad. There was an animal among the ancients, according to hiftory, that was called by this name; but fome, how . ever, fuppofe the account to -be fabulous. V A L E R I AN. Valeriana, ij. Locufta Valerianetia. Small Valerian. Dr. Motherby informi, that it it not ufed in medicine. Soma call Lady's Smock Valerian, Vid. Lady's Smock, VALERIAN ELLOIDES. It is an American plant, but no medicinal viitue ii attributed to it. VANILLA. • Called alfo Banilia, Banilus, and Vanelloet. They are the fruit of a climbing plant in the Spanifh Weft-Indies'. * They are not only ufed to give an agreeable flavour to"' chocolate; but they are greatly extolled for their efficacy ' in cheeringjho (pirits of melancholy porfons. VERNAL. GRASS. An: hex ant hum Odoratum. Mr. Ray calls it Gramen Vernum, fpica brevi laxa. it ii the only grafs, fo far as is yet known, which h»i Q^.; ,.vo ftamina. It V I N 3jj It belongi to tbe diandria digynia clafs of Linnarut, VERVAIN. Verbena Officinalis, Lin. Common Vervain. The plant grows in gardens, and in high ways. An ointment of the whole plant ia directed for fcroph- uloui complainti. A frefh piece of tbe root has been hung at tbe pit of (be ftomach, once every half year, and worn (here, as a cure of the fame complaint, VINE TREE. Vitus Vinifera. 20. Tbisii tha tree that affords grapes; and wo call them Grape Vines, Vid. Grape, VINEGAR. Acetum. Vinegar is a vegetable acid liquor, produced by tba fermentation of wine, cider, beer, maple juice, &c. Wine and cider vinegar are principally uled in med- icine amon&ft us, a* well at at tbe table. It is called expe&oranr, antalkalino, antipblogiftic, fudorific, and antifeptic. It promotes expeaoration, neutralises alkaline tub. dunces in the prima via, cools inflammatory difor- ders, promotes fweat, and rends putrefaction. It it good internally and externally in all kinda of inflammatory, bilious, peftilential, malignant, and putrid diforderi: for weaknef*, fyncope, vomiting, lethargy, hypochondriac, and hyflerical affeaions ; hydrophobia, *nd the ill ef- feCti of opium, hemlock, henbane, deadly night thade, &c. Vinegar and water ii an excellent gargle for an inflam- ed fore throat, and for an inje&ioo in ihe fluor albus. It is a good preforvative againft pettilantial contagion, and putrid d.forderi ; and if burnt among the tick, il lands to reftore their health, and prefsrve tho nurfei, &c, from taking the infattion. Too 83* * « * Too much vinegar coagulatet the chyle, producea leannefi, atrophy, tubercles in tho lungs, and conlump- tion. It therefore prevents corpulency. It ought to ba ufed with moderation. A table fpoonful, put into a quart of water, and fweei- ened with fugar or molaffai, makei a very falutary li. quor. Dofe. Of fimple vinegar, ia from half an ounce to tbrao ounces,, VIOLET. Viola Odorata, Lin. sal. Violets are tome what numerous in America. Their flowers are f-ently laxative and purgative. The feeds are more cathartic, and (ometimes prove emetic, Tbe flowers gently open and loofen the bally ; and their fyrup is an excellent laxative for young children. The doje, of the flowort, is two drachmi. Of their fyrup, from one Ipoonful to two. Dr. Cutler mentions a yellow violet ; and informs that the Indians apply tha bruited leaves to boils a,nd pain- ful dwellings, to eafe pain, and promote fuppuration. VIPER'S G it ASS. Sfitrt»ntra. Vid. Grafs, Viper's. VIRGIN'S BOWER, Flamjula jfovit. Clematis RxBa, Lin. Upright Virgin's Bower, It is an excellent adehatotic, and detergent; Internally it is diuretic and fudorific. This plant hat been called poifonous ; but an infu- fion and extract of it bas been urod in venereal, cancer- ous, and other cutaneous affeaiom ; as thofe head acbes, paini of tho bones, and other waftingi of tho habit produced by tho luei venerea. It promotai uaino in fomo, and fweat is others. Tha VT T 337 The powder of the leaves fprinkled on ulcers, deter- ges and inciuds them. Dofes. Of tbe extrad, half a grain. Of tne dried leavei, in infufion, half a drachm, Tde dofes ate to be increatad if the patient can bear it, VIRGINIAN DOG-WOOD. Cornus Florida. It it probable that Ibis is the fame kind of dog-wood we have in New England. Vid. Dog Weed. VIRGINIAN ITEA; Ilia Virginica, The Virginian Willow. Mo medicinal virtue it mentioned. VIRGINIAN NUT. Pruniftra. Na v Virginia.ve. Vid. 2\'ut, Virginian, \ VIRGINIAN SNAKE ROO T. . ,;. - Radix Serpentaria Virginia. Vid. S'take Rsct, Virginian. VITRIOL. VitrioKnni. Vitriol is a f.i'iir.e, cryftal-ne concrete, competed'of •Betal united with the vitriolic acid. 1 hit acid is natur- ally c-;mbined with zinc, copper, and iirn. With zinc it produces while vitriol ; with copper, blue vitriol; and with iron, green vitricl. Vid. White Vitriol, (3c. VITRIOL, BLUE. Vttriclum CaeruUum. It i» drongly emetic, aftr-ngent, and efebarotic. E e Al 3J» V I T Ai an emetic, it operates inftantanaoufly ; and it rec- ommended in an early ftate of tubercles in the lungs, incipient phthifii, and ai a tonic in intermitting and oth- er difeafes. Dr. Senter joined it with emetic tartar, and founds' proved purgative, and that the combination diminiflu ' in emetic power. He alfo united it with ipecacuanha, and found it ferviceablo in phthisical complaints attend- sd with a diarrhoea ; in he&ic fevers, glandular fuppu- rationt, bilious diforders, moift afthma, obftruaions of Ihe vifcera, dyfpopfia, weak lungs, fcrophulous phthifii, night fweaii, and conlumptive coughs. Finely levigated, and applied to an artery, it contraQs the part, and flops bleeding. Dofes. Dr. Wallis recommend! from one fourth of a grain to two grain! diffolved in warm water. Dr. £- thoy genei >c a variety of dan. gsroui difeafes. In mankind they,produce feveri, dyf. tnteriei, etc. W A T E R, W E L L. ; Aqua Putealis. Well Water. Some wells afford toft water, and other! hard. If wells are not ufed, the watert become flagnant ; but draw- ing out the wafer, and eonftantly ufing tbe well after- wards, make,- the water become wholefome, unlefs iho earth from whence the waters proceed, contain! poifon- ous minerals, &c. The waters in lakes and pondi are generally dagnant, sod therefore unfit ft r ule -, nay, their very effluvia gen- "'.rates intermittin*; fcvori and* agues, putrid feveri, pu- trid dyfenteries, &c. Muddy water ii unfit for ufe, but it may be cleared by ihe addition of-two or three grain's of alum to every Hard waters may be made fott, by adding twenty grains cf the fait of tartar to every q*iart; but if tartar cannot be had, chalk may anfwer. Water ii about 850 timet heavier than air ; it occupies i-po thick riifhy root, with a toft pulp. ZINC. Zincum. It it a femi-metal of a bluifh white colour, extrafted from tha lapit calatninarii, which is its ore. C-lcined zinc, is moderately aftringent. 'the flower t of zinc, are called good in the epilepfy, and other Ipalmodic affefttons. The preparation of zinc in rote water is a ufeful ap- plication,, for- inflammationi, and defluflions of thin, fi.arp humours upon the eyes, aaing, if well levigated, without irritation. Dofe, Of the flowers of zinc, is from two to three (-rains. CURE FOR A CANCER. A p'ant with a white root, about the thicknefs of' a ftager, with a top retembling a garden carrot, being bruifed, and applied to a cancer in a woman's breaft,. drawed the tumour, with its roots, wholly out; and this application being afterwards repeated performed a radi- cal cure.—lt caufed great pain for an hour after it was- firft applied ; then the tumour was drawn out. Tbii cure was performed by an Indian woman; an account of which was communicated to the author by a Mr*.. Dictlittte., of Nurihfield, MaffachufaHS. . -•ENERAL. GENERAL TITLES, Lone n ~ J h< Eminent Writers, to exhibit the Medicinal x luperties oj .'it following Vegetable Produftions, viz. I. THE FIVE OPENING ROOTS. l. Smallage, *t. Afparagui, 3. Fennel, 4. Patfley, 5. Butcher'i Broom. II. THE FIVE EMOLLIENT HERBS. 1. Marfh Mallows, 2. Mallowi, 3. Mercury, 4. Pellitory of the Wall, 5, Violett. III. THE FOUR CORDIAL FLOWERS. 1. Borage, a. Buglofs, 3. Rotes, 4. Violett. IV. THE FOUR GREATER HOT SEEDS. j. Anife, a. Caraway, 3. Cummin, 4. Fennel. V..THE FOUR LESSER HOT SEEDS. j. Bifhop'i Weed, 2. Stone Patflsy, 3. Smallage, 4, Wild Carrot. VI. THE FOUR GREATER COLD SEEDS, 1. Water Melont, 2. Cucumbers, 3. Gourds, 4. Melons. VII. THE FOUR LESSER COLD SEEDS.. x. Succory, 2. Endive, 3. Lettuce,. 4. Purflane. VIII. THE FOUR CAPILLARY HERBS. 1. Ma'den Hair, a. Englifh Maidsn Hair, 3., Wall Rue, 4. Catarach. IX. THE FOUR CARMINATIVE FLOWERS., 1. Camomile, 2. Feverfew, 3, Dill,. 4-. M-sUioU ass A SHORT EXPLANATION OF THE DIFFER. ENT CLASSES OF MEDICINliS. i. Abforhmts—Suckers up, or imbibers or t " .- 2. Abluents'—-Wafheri away, cleanfeti 3. Ab/lergints—Cleanfen, wipert avv 4. Acouftics—Good againft deafneft. 5. Agglwinants—Uniters, ftrongthoners, o. Alexipharmics—Expellers of poifon, by promoting fweat, &c. 7. Alexiteriats—Expellers of animal poifon. 8. Alteratives—Medicines which produce no fenfible e- • vacuation. 9. Ana-cathartics—Medicines which excite fpitting, 10. Analeptics—Cordials and reftorativei. 11. Anapteroiics—Promoters of tbe growth of flefh in j woundi, &c. \ ia, Anoftomatics—Openers, as catharlici, fudorifici, &c. j 13. Anodynes—Eafers of pain, and procurers of (leap. ' 14. Antalkallnes—AH aciis. 15. Anthelmintics—Medicines which deft toy and expel worm*. 16. Antacids—Alkalefcents, abforbent!, neutral falls, &c. . 17. Anlidyfenterics—Madicinei good againft the dyfentery. 18. Antiepileptics—Remedies ag«inft theepileply. 19. Antiemetic!—Medicines which reftrain vomiting. 20. AntibeBics—Remedies for hedtical complaints. 21. Antihydrcpics—Modicinei for the dropfy. £2. Antibypochandriacs—Such medicines as are good in the hypochondria. S3, Antihyfterics—Medicines againft byftericil affeaiont. 24. Antiicterics—Rercediei againft the jaundice. 25. Antipblagiftics—Bleeding, emetici, cathartics, Ac. 26. Antipbtjjifics—Medicinet for a confumption of tho lungs. 27. Aatifcorbutics—-Remedial good ft5r the fcurvy. 28. Antiftptics—%ef\Htxt of putrefaaion. 29. Amijpafmedics—Remedies againft fpafms and convul- •fions, 30. Antivestereals— Medicines which deftroy the venere- - al v'rui. 31. Aperients—Openeri, tbe fame ai deobftruenti. j 32. Apbrodifiaci—Exciters of venery, , 33. Apocrufti.i-m - C 3S7 ] 33. Apocruflics—Repelling medicines. 34. Apophlegmatiaanti—Medicines which clear ihe head, as tnuff, &c. 35* ^tiophtha^nics—Medicines which procure abortion, *if>. -*- *:" -Remedies which ratify tbe humours. jj. siromatii-s—... dicinos which warm the habit. 38. Anhritut—Medicines againft the gout. 33. Aftringents—Remedies that bind, contraa, and ftrengthen. 40. Attenuants—Rtfolvers of humouri, &c. 41, 5a//a»i/c.'-Madicines which cleanfe, heal, and reftore, 42. Bethics— Mtdicines that appeafe a cougn. 43. Bezordics—Antidote! againll poifons, as alexiphar- mics, &c. 44. Cardiac:—Strengthened of tho heart and vital organs. 45. Carminatives—-Expelleri of wind. 46. Cataplafmi—Poultces. 47. Cathartics—Pjrgativei. 48. Caufl.es—Medxmes thai burn and confume the flefli. 49 C'pbaiics—Remediet good for diforders of tho hoad, 50. Cbaiafttcs—ReL-cari-s, as oil, b . e-, &c. 51. Cicatrifirs—Msdicinei that heal and produco a new fk n. - 52. ColicBics—Agglutinanti and vulneraries. 53 Coolers—M-dtcinet which abate hoat. 54. Cordials—yieai&net that raife the fpirits, &c. 55 ConobiranU—Strengthenorsof the fyflem in general. 56. Corrotives— Msdicines that gnaw away the flefh. 57. C-ime'ics—Medicines which pielerve beauty. 58. Demulcents—Remediel that (heath and obtund acri- mony. rq D ntrifics__Medicines that cleanfe the tooth. 60. Deobflruents—Madicinei which open obftruaions. 61. Depilatories— Applications which take off the hair. 62. Detergents— Cleanfe.., and fillers with now flefh. 62. Diaphorrtics—Promoters of infenfible perfpiration. 6a Dice/fives—Madicinei that promote maturation. 65! Diluents—Thole things which render the parts mora* 66. D-*«, 73. Ectylotics—Confumers of callofitiei. 74. Emetics—Medicines which excite 75. Emmenagogics—Exciters of mei : ,-jj, rv«i 76. Emollient—Medicines that fofien and relax. 77. Emphratics—Applications which adhere to the parti, and (top the cutaneous pores, ai piaiftorf. 78. Emploftics—The lime as emphratics. 79. Epiceraftics—Obtundors of acrimony, as emollienti, &c. 80. Epileptics—Medicinei againft the epilepfy. 81. Epij'pa/lics—Blifters, and fuch other lemedies as draw the humouis to the part. 82. Epithtins—Poultices. 83. Epulotics—Cicatriferi. Vid. Ckatrifirs. 84. Errhines—Mdd medicines which excite fneezing. 85, E.el-i-.ronis—Medicinei which produce efchars, ai C'.uil-C". 86. Evacuants—Emstics, cathartics, diuretics, fudorific*, &c. 87. ExpeBorants—Medicines whicfi promote expeSora. tion. 88. Febrifuges—Remedies that mitigate and remove fa- vert. 89. Htpatics—Madicinei good for ditordevs of the liver, 90. H'drotics—Sudorific*. 91. Hydragogues—Evacuatersof the water in dropfies. 92. Hydropics—The fame as fudorifics. 03. Hypnotics—Promoters of flsep. 94.. iBerics—.Medicinei againit the jaundice. 95. Incarnauves—Medicines which piomote healing, 96. lneraffants—Remedies that thicken the fluids. 97, Infpiffdnts—The (ame at incraff*nts. 98. Laxatives—Gentle caihaitici, omoUients, and lubri. cant*. 99. Lenitives—Mild, foftening, and relaxing medicinei. 100. Lithontriptics—Medicines that diffolvo the done in the bladder. !0i. Maflicatorics—Medicines thai on being chewed, ex- cite fpitting. 10a, Maturanti— C 359 } 102. Maturanls—Promoters of ftr'-i-jt-'-rm.' 103. Mucilages—Shoathers of acr'tnony. 104. Mundiftcatives—Datergen and cloanferi. lot. Narcotics -Medicinei which produce dupidity. 106. JV-» '"'*'■' —Medicinei for difeafes of tho kidnies, . »ny mo ir. 107. Nervines—-Remediei/good in nervous complaints. 108. Nsuretics—Nervines. leg. Nwratives—Medicinei that nourifh the body. 110. Nutrients—Nutrativei. -ju. Ophthalmics— Medicines for pain and inflammation in the eyei. 112. Opiates—Medicinei containing opium. 113. Paregorics—Remediet which affuage pain, by a de- mulcent power. 114. Petlorals—Medicines good for diforders of tbe bread. S15. Perfumes—Remedies which emit a fine odour. 116. Pblegmagogutt—Medicines which purge off phlegm. 117. Plirctks—Medicines which heal, and fill up with new flefh. 118. Pneumonics—Remediet for the lungt in fhortnefs of breath. i»9. Provocatives— Exciteri of venery, 120. Ptarmics—Medicinei which excite fneozing. 121. Purgatives—Cathartic!. 122. Pyenotics—Incraffantt. 123. Pyreties—Medicines good in fevers, 124. Pyrotics— Remedies which burn the flefh, as cauf- tics, Sec. lee.. RarefaBives—Medicines which rarify the animal fluids. 126. Refrigerants—Remedies which cool and r*frefh tho human body. 127. Relaxants—Medicines which relax the parts. 128. Repellents—Medicines which prevent an afflux of humours upon the part. 120, Refolvents—Refolvers and diffipatert of tumoors. it-o*. Reftoratives—Medicines which redore the ftrength and vigour of the body and fpirits. ( j.-.*. Reflringetis—The fame ai ailringan-.l. jo2. R'ytics—They arc detergents. -i-(. Ripmcrs—Medicines which'promote fuppuratioa. ■ i -S3 4. Roborants~* C 360 ] 134. Roborants—Slrertglheneit. 135. Rubefacients—Medicines that almod blider the tkin, 136. Salivants—Medicines which produce a difcharge of. fpittle. 137. Sarcophagous—Medicinestbate.tr pr~ 138. Sarcotics—Medicines that genr .-■• 139. Saturants—Abforbent!. 140. Scleroties—Medicines which 1. uen and coniou- date the pail*. 141. Sedatives— Medicines which eafe pain, fpafms, ftric- turei, &c, 142. S:alagogues—Medicines that excite a flow of faliva, 143. Sinapifms— Cataplafmi of muftard (eed. 144. Solutives—Laxativei. 145. Solvents—Lithontrtptici. 146. Soporifics—Medicinei that procure fleep. 147. Splenetics—Antihyfterics. 148. Stegnotics—Medicines which clofe the orifices of the vcffel*, ai aftiingenlt, Sec. 149. Sternutatories—The ftronged fort of medicinei which excite fneezing. 150. Stimulants—Medicines which excite the motion of the moving fibres. 151. Stomachics—Medicines which ftre'ngthen the ftom- ach. Sec. 152. Strengtbtners—Medicines which corroborate the fyf« tern. 153. Stupefirs—Medicines that produce flupidity. •54- Styptics—Medicines which ftop bleeding. >55< Sudorific!—Madicinei which promote Iweat. 156. Suppuratives—Applicationi which excite fuppura. tion. 157. Thoracics—The fame ai peaorali. 158. Tonics—Medicinei that conftringo and fhorten tha parti, and promote their elafticity — 159. Topics—-Cataplalmi, plaifteri, unguents, Sec. 160. Traumatics—Vulnerariar. 161. Uerincs—Emmenagogict. 162. Vcrmifugts— Anthe''m;nlici. 163. Vi/iatorici—Medcines tvhich raife blifters. 164. Vifcerals—Remedies good for diforders of the bow- eli, Sec. 165. Vuherariti—Medicines which cleanfe and heal. FINIS. rg.f^f-i-t*-** S*~ A at-iv MecLHiS U)Z wo Sl^lcL l?0| * * ARMY * * r MEDICAL LIBRARY Cleveland Branch