HISTORY
OF THE
PESTILENCE,
COMMONLY CALLED
Yellow Fever,
WHICH ALMOST
DESOLATED PHILADELPHIA,
IN THE MONTHS OF
AUGUST, SEPTEMBER & OCTOBER,
1798.
BY THOMAS CONDIE & RICHARD FOLWELL.
Philadelphia 
FROM THE PRESS OF R. FOLWELL.



CONTENTS.
PAGE
Sketch of the situation of Philadelphia - 5
Population, trade, &c. of ditto - 8
Observations on the climate of ditto - 9
Account of the weather in spring and summer, 1798, 12
Remarkable phenomena - 13
Diseases of domestic animals - 14
Diseases prevalent in July - 17
Meteorological register for August 1793 - 19
Ditto ditto for ditto 1797 - 20
Ditto ditto for June, July, August, Septem-
ber, October and November 1798 - 21
Summary of opinions respecting the nature of the pesti-
lence - 27
Proceedings of the Board of Health, &c. previous to the
appearance of the fever - 29
Case of Mr. Mark Miller and Benjamin Jones - 35
Importation of the contagion - 36
Proceedings of the College of Physicians Board of Health,
and Academy of Medicine, on the first appearance of
the contagion - 47
Chronological arrangement of the occurrences and cases
previous to the 9th of August - 52
Flight of the citizens - 54
The disease increases—various arrangements in conse-
quence thereof - 56 
Want of success at the City-Hospital - 58
Evidence that the disease is contagious - 61
List of physicians who remained in town - 62
List of the Board of Health who remained at their posts 63
Address of the Board of Health of September 1st ib.
Proceedings of the opulent citizens, in consequence
thereof - 66
Medical advice by Drs. Rush and Griffiths - 67
Directions how to escape the disease - 70 

CONTENTS.
Proceedings at Baltimore for the relief of the Philadel-
phians - 73
The contagion appears in the jail - 75
Comparison of the mortality in the city and that in the
Hospital - 76
Establishment of a committee to relieve the poor in the
city - 77
Friends hold their yearly meeting - 78
The disease abates - 79
Inhabitants invited to return home - 81
Summary of the proceedings at the City Hospital- 82
Ditto at the City Hospital burying-ground - 84
Ditto at the Schuylkill Tents - 85
Ditto at the Tents at Masters's-Place - 87
Account of the association of citizens for the protection
of the city - 89 
Ditto of the robbery of the Bank of Pennsylvania 90
Proceedings in the jail during the fever - 93
Sketch of the disease at Boston, New-York, Portsmouth,
New-London, Portland, Wilmington, Germantown,
&c. &c - 95
Individual distresses, anecdotes, desultory remarks, &c. 99
Tables of daily returns - 105
Table of the number interred in each burying-ground 108
APPENDIX.
Letter to the Editors, signed S. W. - I
Ditto ditto ditto E O. P. -  XII
Letter to the Governor of Pennsylvania, by the
Academy of Medicine - XIX
Letter from the Governor to the Board of Health XXIV
Reply to ditto - XXV
Alphabetical arrangement of the names of the per-
sons who died. 

HISTORY
OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Sketch of the situation of Philadelphia—State of the city-Re-
marks upon the weather and diseases of man and other animals
previous to the appearance of the Yellow Fever, in 1798.
PHILADELPHIA, the metropolis of the United States
of America, is situated in 39 degrees 56 minutes of North
latitude, and 75 degrees 9 minutes of longitude, West from
London; is upon the West bank of the river Delaware,
and about 120 miles, by the course of the river, from the At-
lantic Ocean, and is 6 miles above the junction of the
Schuylkill with the Delaware.
Agreeable to its original plan, it extends from the Dela-
ware, which is on the East, to the Schuylkill, on the West,
making a plot of about two miles in length, and about
one mile in breadth, North and South. The ground is
level, and generally moist; its medium height, above the
level of the two waters, is thirty-four to forty feet.-
The principal part of the surrounding country is level, ge-
nerally cleared of woods, and under cultivation: a conside-
rable portion of that between the city and confluence of the
rivers, commonly called the Neck, is meadow ground, low 
B

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and consequently moist; in the vicinity of the rivers, it is
frequently overflowed, and subjects the inhabitants to fever-
and-ague. But, towards the North and North-West, the si-
tuation is much higher. The river Delaware, opposite the
city, is about one mile, broad; the tide rises six feet perpendicu-
lar, and flows at the rate of four miles an hour; its opposite
shore, in the state of Jersey, is level; the soil dry and sandy.
The buildings do not at present extend over half the ground
designated in the original plan; as the inhabitants, from ob-
vious commercial advantages, have preferred the Delaware
front rather than the Schuylkill: hence, at present, the hou-
ses extend nearly three miles North and South along the De-
laware, and about three-quarters of a mile due West toward
the Schuylkill. They are chiefly built with bricks, from
two to five stories high; the streets are regular, wide
and airy, except Water-street, which occupies the space
between the bank upon which Front-street is built, and the
river, which was originally designed for stores. It is the
narrowest, yet one of the most populous in the city: the
street is only thirty feet wide, and but a little above the sur-
face of the tide: the houses are high, and the greater part of
them have no yards, particularly those situated on the West
of bank side; an inconvenience which tends much to render
the street more nauseous. It is much confined, ill-aired,
and, in every respect, is a disagreeable street. There are se-
veral alleys in the city, which are also narrow, confined and
filthy.
The river, for nearly the whole extent of the city, is in-
dented with forced wharves, made, as is usual, of square case-
ments, with logs, and filled with earth, vessels-ballast, stones,
&c.
Where Dock-street is now built, in former years, was a
swamp or canal, with a small stream of water running
through it, extending from the river to Third-street, which
became a general nuisance, and a common reservoir for the
filth of a large part of the city. It now forms a handsome,
airy, terpentine street, having an arch underneath, covered
with earth, and paved. This concave fewer begins beyond
Sixth-street, in Potter's-Field, and is carried under ground
below the jail to Walnut-street, and down Walnut street to
Dock-street, between Second and Third-streets, and from
thence down Dock-street to the river. At necessary distan-
ces, there are apertures left to receive the water from the
gutters of the adjacent streets: these openings, in the intense 

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heat of summer, emit a very disagreeable stench. There
are several sinks dug, to receive the water from the gutters,
in those parts of the city, where there is no other declivity to
carry it off. Two of these, which are the most remarkable,
are situated in Market-street, at the corner of Fourth-street.
They, like the apertures to the Dock-street sewer, exhale the
most noxious effluvia; for, dead animals and every kind of
nausea, are thrown into them, and there remain till they
become putrified. During the sickness in summer 1797,
Dr. Pascalis mentions, that being frequently called out dur-
ing the night, he could strongly perceive the smell issuing
from these sinks in Market-street as far as Mulberry-street
on the one side, and Chesnut-street on the other.
A few years ago, there were numbers of marshes and
ponds of stagnant water, in the out-lots of the city, which
periodically subjected the inhabitants surrounding them to
fever-and-ague. These public nuisances are now either
drained, filled up, or built upon; since which, but few are
troubled with this complaint. There are, still, some re-
maining in Southwark and the Northern Liberties: there are
also many vacancies on the bank of the river, which are co-
vered with a thick bed of miery filth; the wharves, likewise,
at times, become filled up with impure substances from the
adjoining streets; and, during the summer, emit, at low wa-
ter, a very offensive smell. A small stream of water, called
Pegg's Run, passes through Spring-Garden and the Nor-
thern Liberties, the bottom of which is wide and miery; its
banks are unimproved, and rendered offensive by the offals
which are thrown upon them from the slaughter-houses,
tan-yards, &c. adjoining. Beyond this, upon the Delaware,
the improvements called Kensington, are situated. A great
part of which, at high water, is nearly surrounded by the
tide, which, when low, leaves a broad, muddy marsh, more
than a quarter of a mile round its south and west parts.—
Upon this, the heat in summer, as might be expected, pro-
duces similar effects. One other source of putrid animal
exhalation, which very forcibly attracts the notice of stran-
gers, is most sensibly discovered in thickly inhabited places
during the summer months. Most every dwelling of the
city has a privy-house, situated generally at the farthest
end of the yard; but the houses on the bank side of Front-
street, have them in their cellars: many of the sinks, over
which they stand, are dug to the depth of between twenty
to thirty feet, and built round with bricks: They are not 

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cleaned till nearly full, which is once in ten or twelve
years, and then, in many cases, it is considered easier to cover
them over, and dig others. After many years fermentation,
these sinks exhale a very putrid and offensive effluvia, which
is abundantly emitted when the air is moist, calm or sultry,
particularly towards the end of summer, or after the action
of severe heat has excited the putrefactive fermentation.—
The inhabitants are still so well apprised of its consequence,
and knowing that the depth of their wells is not a sufficient
preventative against this offensive exhalation, that they gene-
rally provide their necessaries with an air-pipe, rising a few
feet from the top; but still, under particular circumstances of
the atmosphere, the ascending effluvia is frequently diffused
round the houses, alleys, &c. where it is highly nauseous.
Some idea of the noxious quality of this gas may be formed
from the effects which it produces upon combustion. If a
lighted candle is let down one of these sinks, it will fre-
quently be extinguished.
There are many grave yards in the city, and perhaps some
other sources of putrid exhalation, which are in a manner
incident to all large cities. It is not supplied with running wa-
ter or fountains; but with pump-wells, in distributive num-
ber, through the city and suburbs; many of which, perhaps,
from a communication with the adjacent necessaries, have
already become unfit even to wash the houses.
The foregoing description is chiefly confined to those cir-
cumstances which are more particularly connected with the
object of our undertaking; for, notwithstanding these incon-
veniencies, still there are few cities that can vie with Phila-
delphia in point of elegance or even cleanliness: the streets
intersect each other at right angles, and are open to the winds
from all points; which, together with their width, regular
pavement, conveniency of foot-ways, and the practice of the
inhabitants of frequently washing the outsides of their hou-
ses, give to the city a singular appearance of regularity and
neatness, highly admired by foreigners.
The City and Liberties are estimated to contain about ten
thousand houses, and the number of inhabitants is not over-
rated when we estimate the total between fifty-five and
sixty thousand souls. But, notwithstanding this increase of
population, the prosperity of the city has not equalled
that of former years. The European wars, at an early pe-
riod, produced considerable changes on the trade, property
and necessaries of life in Philadelphia. The first influx of 

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foreigners from Europe and the West-Indies raised the mar-
kets, house-rents, &c. and gave to the city, in general, flou-
rishing appearance; property rose above its accustomed va-
lue. But the same cause has, of late years, been productive
of very different effects; and our once flourishing trade has
suffered very considerable diminution: Citizens over-reach-
ing their capitals, the general failure of land speculation,
the depredations committed upon our commerce, together
with the general stagnation of trade in almost every depart-
ment, has of late been followed by an increased number of
bankruptcies, that at least equal any period since the revolu-
tion. Such a combination of untoward circumstances
could hardly fail of producing numberless distresses. But
evils of a more serious nature followed: That malignant
scourge of mankind, the Yellow Fever, again appeared in
the city, marking its path with unprecedented horror and
devastation. Scarcely recovered from the baleful effects
which it produced, last year, in the months of August, Sep-
tember and October, which dispersed more than two-thirds
of the inhabitants; cut off near thirteen hundred of those
that remained, and added to the already general distress a
number of helpless widows and orphans, formerly in afflu-
ence, but then reduced to want and poverty, in a severe and
inclement winter, Philadelphia was this year again doomed
to experience a repetition of these baneful consequences, in
a degree far beyond any former period, when mediocrity
of circumstances enabled citizens, by a timely flight, to
escape from a premature Death. Before, however, we en-
ter upon the detail of these melancholy events, we shall
state a few primary observations on the state of the weather
and the antecedent diseases.
Our climate is supposed, within the few last years, to have
undergone very considerable changes: the winters are expe-
rienced to be less cold, and the summers less warm than they
were 40 or 50 years ago. It is also said, that the climate hss
become more favourable to the generation of epidemic dis-
eases, particularly fevers of the bilious type; and that the
late recurrence of the Yellow Fever, is, in part, to be ascri-
bed to this cause. The Academy of Medicine, in their ob-
servations, last year, upon the origin of this pestilence, ad-
dressed to the Governor of Pennsylvania, mention, that "at
present a constitution of the atmosphere prevails in the Uni-
ted States, which disposes to fevers of a highly inflammatory 

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character, and that it began in the year 1793."* The want
of meteorological observations during former years, renders
it difficult to decide upon the first opinion; but, there is rea-
son to believe, that the changes observed in the temperature
of the atmosphere are not so considerable as is imagined:
The cutting down of woods and the partial cultivation of the
soil may have somewhat contributed more to equalize it.—
But we do not discover that the change produced, even in
consequence of cultivation, is in any respect equal to what
has been produced from the same cause in other countries.
History informs us "that when Germany and Scythia aboun-
ded in forests, the Romans often transported their armies
across the frozen Danube; but, since the cultivation of these
regions, the Danube rarely freezes." Nor have we reason to
believe that the climate is, in any degree, more favora-
ble to the generation of bilious or epidemic diseases;
for, if it is gradually becoming more temperate and equal,
and a great proportion of the stagnant marshes in the neigh-
bourhood of the cities are drained and cultivated, the cause,
which produced these diseases are, of course, every day de-
creasing, and the climate becoming more healthy than in
former years.
There are but few climates more changeable or irregular
than that of Pennsylvania; scarcely two successive years, or
even days, are alike.
The heat in summer and the cold in winter are intense.
The mercury, in Fahrenheit's thermometer, has been known
to rise to 96° in summer, and to fall 5° below 0 in winter.
There is not, however, more than one month in summer or
winter in which the mercury rises above 80° in the one, or
falls below 30°, in the other. The barometer is but little af-
fected by the changes of the atmosphere in this climate; its
medium height is 30 inches. The warmest weather is gene-
rally about the end of July and beginning of August; altho'
intensely warm days are frequently felt in May, June and
September. "The warmest part of the day in summer is
at two, in ordinary, and at three o'clock in the afternoon in
extremely warm weather. From these hours, the heat gra-
dually diminishes till the ensuing morning. The coolest
part of the four-and-twenty hours is at the break of day. Af-
ter the warmest clays, the evenings are generally agreeable,
and often delightful. The higher the mercury rises in the
*Dr. Rush's works, vol. 4, p. 47.

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day time, the lower it falls the succeeding night. The mer-
cury at 80° generally falls to 68° while it descends, when at
60° only to 56°. This disproportion between the tempera-
ture of the day and night in summer, is always greatest in
the month of August. The dews at this time are heavy in
proportion to the coolness of the evening; they are sometimes
so considerable as to wet the clothes." It is seldom that two
or three successive warm days occur without being succeeded
with showers of rain, accompanied sometimes by thunder
and lightning, and afterwards by a North-West wind, which
produces a coolness in the air, that is highly invigorating
and agreeable. The transitions from heat to cold are often
sudden and considerable. After a day in which the mercury
has stood at 86° and even 90°, it sometimes falls in the
course of a single night to the 65th, and even the 60th de-
gree. The frost generally begins to show itself about the
end of October or beginning of November ; but the intense
cold seldom sets in till about the middle of December, and
the coldest weather is commonly in January. The mean
temperature of the air in Philadelphia during the whole year
is 52 1/2°, which is the temperature of the deepest wells, and
of common spring water. The wind in winter generally
blows from the N.W. in fair, and from the N.E in wet
weather. The N.W. winds are uncommonly cold and
dry. S.W. and W.N.W. winds generally prevail during
the dry warm weather in summer, while the wind from N.
E. is frequently accompanied by rain. Thunder and light-
ning are less frequent than in former years.
To the preceding observations, we may add that May and
June are usually the healthiest months in the year. The
excessive heat in summer has frequently been known to
prove fatal to persons who are much exposed to it. Its mor-
bid effects discover themselves by a difficulty in breathing, a
general languor, and, in some instances, by a numbness and
an immobility of the extremities. The excessive cold like-
wise proves fatal to many, particularly old persons. The
night air is always unwholesome in the summer and full
months, particularly during the state of sleep. The frequent
and sudden changes of the air from heat to cold, renders it
unsafe at any time to sleep with open windows.
Notwithstanding what has been said of the variable na-
ture of the climate of Pennsylvania, it does not necessarily
result that it is unhealthy; perhaps no climate is unhealthy

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where the inhabitants acquire, from experience, the arts of
accommodating themselves to it.
We are indebted to Dr. Rush's ingenious and elaborate
essay, upon the climate of Pennsylvania, for many of the
above general remarks. In addition to which, we are indu-
ced to make a few observations upon the state of the wea-
ther previous to the last appearance of the yellow fever;
for, an opinion prevails with many, that it and other pesti-
lential diseases in general, are connected with a particular
state of atmosphere, and may be prognosticated prior to
their appearance. A similarity observed to exist between
the constitution of man and many of the domestic ani-
mals, has also led some to suppose that certain pestilential
fluids, acting upon the system, produce particular and near-
ly similar effects upon both. They likewise trace a simila-
rity between animal life and vegetation, from having obser-
ved, that the seasons in which mortal sickness has prevailed
among men and animals, has also proved unfavourable to ve-
getables.
Spring set in this year with very promising appearances;
the ice broke up early, and it being followed by plentiful rains,
soon dissolved. Vegetation commenced: but this premature
aspect was not of long duration. It was succeeded by cold
weather, North-West winds, frequent showers of hail and
slight frosts in the night, which were dissolved by the heat
of the sun on the succeeding day. During the whole spring,
the sudden changes of the weather, from heat to cold, were
more frequent and extreme than have been known for many
years past. Even after the season was so far advanced that the
fruit-trees had put forth their blossoms, there was a smart
shower of hail. A few days preceding it, the weather
was warm and sultry, inasmuch, that many persons put off
their winter cloathing, and afterwards caught cold by the
sudden change of weather. The flower buds, blossoms, and
young fruit, in many places, received considerable injury—
During the months of May and June, white frost, more than
once, occurred; and, in the neighbourhood of Philadelphia,
in the afternoon of the 14th July, there was a shower of
hail, and upon the morning of the 19th, there was a slight
frost.
The weather, during the months of July and August, me-
rits particular attention; for, if a state of atmosphere favou-
rable to the generation of the Yellow Fever ever prevails, it
must be during those months; as the first cases occurred in              

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July; and, towards the end of August, it was general over the
whole city. In the years 1793 and 1797, as well as this
year, the fever made its appearance nearly about the
same period, viz. the end of July and beginning of August,
although, by comparing the meteorological registers for each
of those years, we do not find that the weather during this
period has been in any two years alike.* The month of July,
this year, commenced with remarkable hot weather. The
middle of the month was cold, and the weather in the end,
like the beginning, was warm. On the 2d, 3d, 27th, 28th
and 29th days; Fahrenheit's thermometer, in the shade, stood
from 88 to 92 1/2 degrees, and in many places it stood at 95°
and even at 96°. A number of other phænomena have oc-
curred this year, which attracted the attention of the curi-
ous observer; and, as these appearances are supposed, by
many, to be connected with that state of weather, which
they suppose produces the disease, it may be proper to
notice them. Thunder and lightning appeared earlier this
year, and less frequent than usual. The middle of spring
and of summer was remarkably dry: the grass meadows
produced but a scanty crop of hay, and, towards the end of
summer, whole fields of grass were, in many places, entirely
withered up. Many tribes of insects were uncommonly nu-
merous; as musquitoes, ants, crickets, cockroaches, &c. The
grasshoppers were scarcely ever known to appear in such
vast quantities. In the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, they
ate up all the grass, even to the roots, scarcely any kind of
herbage escaped them; whole fields of cabbage and potatoes
were almost entirely devoured. They were succeeded by
myriads of black crickets; the different species of caterpil-
lars were also uncommonly numerous this season; the trees,
in many places, lost their foliage by them; but in September
they put forth a second crop of leaves. Instances have like-
wise occurred of fruit-trees blossoming a second time, and
producing fruit late in the fall. The different classes of mush-
rooms were found in great abundance during their sea-
son. Purslane, during the dry hot weather, continued to
grow without putting forth leaves, while the jamison weed
flourished luxuriantly. The crop of apples was greatly in-
jured by worms; this was do general all over the country that
the cyder this year is tainted with their acrid taste. These,
and other similar phenomena, have occurred informer years
* See Journal of the state of the weather, annexed hereto.
C

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when this disorder was unknown, without attracting any-
particular notice; but, since the appearance of it in the
United States, every uncommon occurrence in nature has
been observed with an anxious wish to discover in it a con-
nection with the cause of this fatal evil.
A short time previous to the appearance of the fever, a
remarkable disease occurred among the cats and rats in Phi-
ladelphia, which carried off many hundreds of them. After
the commencement of the sickness, the dogs also were affec-
ted. The disease which raged among the cats was similar to
that which attacked these animals previous to the appearance
of the yellow fever in Philadelphia last year, and in New-
York in 1796. Little attention has been paid to ascertain the
precise symptoms of this disease, so far as we know. In ge-
neral, the animal was without appetite, but thirsty; and, at
first, much inclined to sleep; of a dull, melancholy turn, and
soon began to look weak and thin. Many died in a numb
and torpid state, while others, in the last stage of the disease,
were seized with a delirium, puking, and an uncommon flow
of frothy saliva from the mouth. A moaning or groaning
noise was also very common-These are the general
symptoms, so far as we have observed them. In former
periods, very little attention was paid to the study of the dis-
eases incident to the brute creation. But, of late years, and
particularly since the repeated appearance of the yellow fe-
ver in different parts of the United States, it has produced
more observation; and, it is to be hoped, that a further and
more minute examination of the nature of the epidemic dis-
eases of the brute animals, will add much new and useful in-
formation to the healing art, particularly so far as it relates
to epidemic diseases among mankind.
As distempers among domestic animals have more than
once been observed to precede the yellow fever among the
human species, and, by many, are now looked upon as
their sure harbinger, it is made use of as an argument to
corroborate the idea of domestic origin, and to strengthen the
theory of the prevalence of certain pestilential fluids.
In order, therefore, to prevent the adoption of any wrong
or hasty conclusions upon this interesting subject, in the pre-
sent imperfect state of our knowledge of its cause, or cir-
cumstances attending these diseases, we shall state what in-
formation we have been able to collect, in hopes, that it may
be of use in some future period, to direct us to more just
and certain conclusions.

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During the months of March and April 1797, a remarka-
ble disease occurred among the cats in London, and extended
over several other parts of England. In three parishes in
London, upwards of 5,000 cats were computed to have
been destroyed by it within a fortnight. The common pe-
riod of the disorder is said to have been six or seven days.—
The following is extracted from the "Account of the disea-
ses in London, for the months of March and April, 1797,"
published in the Monthly Magazine, on this subject:
"After the abatement of the epidemic catarrh, a violent
disease fell among the cats, by which many hundreds of those
domestic animals perished: the particular symptoms of their
malady, I had not sufficient opportunity of ascertaining: but,
from dissections, it appears, that the bowels had been drawn
together by a violent cramp or spasmodic constriction, in-
volving likewise the omentum, and preventing any passage.
In some, the interlines were partially red, or blackish; but,
in the greater number of instances, the contraction and extra-
ordinary twisting of the bowels, had taken place, without
any marks of inflammation."
This is probably the same disease which has appeared
among the cats, in various parts of the United States. It
made its appearance in Philadelphia in the latter end of May
or beginning of June, 1797, when it was computed to have
destroyed four or five thousand cats. In New-York it was
first observed in August, 1797. During its continuance
there, a number of the cats, as was said, lest the city, and took
refuge in the neighbouring country houses. The number that
died, was supposed to be three or four thousand. In two
instances, it was observed that lap-dogs, which were wont to
play with the cats in the houses to which they belonged, were
affected with a similar complaint. A distemper appeared
among the cats in Hartford (Connecticut) about the end
of July or beginning of August, 1797, where it carried off
the greater part of these animals. It appeared in Ports-
mouth (N.H.) about the same period; at Boston in Septem-
ber; at Albany in October, and at Poughkeepsie, state of
New-York, towards the end of November. The same year
it was also observed in many of the other towns in the Uni-
ted States. We do not know of any instance of its being
observed in any of the country places; but it was chiefly
confined to the large cities. From a Bourdeaux newspaper
of October, 1797, it appears that France has been visited by
a similar epidemic amongst the cats. One of the health of 

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ficers had opened the body of a cat to discover the cause, and
found in it a knot of worms. The name of the place is not
mentioned, nor is there any other important information ad-
ded to the account.
Many other animals, besides the cats, have of late been
subject to the influence of similar epidemics: Hydrophobia,
or canine madness, has prevailed in many parts of the coun-
try, particularly in the dates of New-England. It prevail-
ed in the town of Hartford, Connecticut, in October, 1797,
to such an alarming degree, that the magistrates of the town
were induced to exert the authority vested in them by a law
of the state, for the confinement of all the dogs. Several
other places were visited about the same period with this
dreadful disease. In Rhode-Island, several persons and cat-
tle were bitten by mad dogs and died. The same circum-
stance took place in Berkshire, Massachusetts, and in many
of the towns in the state of Connecticut. The Rabies, ano-
ther dreadful distemper, prevailed among the dogs, in the
same districts and about the same period. It first appeared
in the town of Berlin, about 12 miles from Hartford, (Con.)
in the beginning of March, 1797. Shortly after, the same
disease appeared at Hartford, New-Haven, Salem, Spring-
field; and, in many neighbouring parts in the state of Mas-
sachusetts, where it proved fatal to some children, who were
bitten by infected dogs. Numbers of cattle also died from
the same cause. A peculiar distemper prevailed among the
dogs in Philadelphia, this summer, at the beginning of the
sickness; perhaps it was produced from a want of sustenance
among those who were left by their owners in the city. It
is not in our power to state the precise symptoms, nor even
the period of the disease. In the generality of cases, the ani-
mal appeared pensive and dejected; aid not refuse food; but
made no exertions to procure it; gradually became lean, and,
in the last stage, would run to distant places, as if seized
with canine madness; but, fortunately, when in this state, they
riever attempted to bite any person or to do harm; nor
would they even enter the house; but, when exhausted,
laid down in the fields and died. At a farm house, about six
miles from Philadelphia, we are informed, that three or
four dogs came sick from the city, in one day, and expired
in the farm yard.
A very violent pestilential disorder prevailed among the
cattle in many parts of Germany in the year 1796. Profes-
or Reich, of the university of Erlangen, has wrote a small 

(17)
tract upon the subject; and, we understand, he accounts for
it upon the doctrine of pestilential fluids, as laid down by
Dr. Mitchell, of New-York. A disease of a very singular
nature has prevailed among the cattle in many parts of the
state of Connecticut, for ten or twelve years past; an account
of which is infected in the Medical Repository, published at
New-York, vol. I, page 335.
In some parts of Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, the
foxes, during the winter of 1797-8, have been affected with
a disorder which rendered them an easy prey to the hunters.
Of the particular symptoms, we have not been able to obtain
any correct accounts. We are also informed, that geese, in
some of the eastern states, have been affected in a singular
manner. Many have been known to seize some living ob-
jects with their bills, and adhere to them till they died.
Nor are the land animals, alone, the objects of these dis-
eases. In the beginning of August 1797, a great mortality
prevailed among the fish in James river, Virginia; the dead
fish were seen floating down the river in astonishing quan-
tities. In the summer of 1795, a similar mortality occurred
among the fish in Saratoga lake; and, some years ago, a
disease is said to have destroyed great numbers of fish in a
pond near the town of Brookfield, in the state of Massachu-
setts.
What references are to be deduced from these circumstan-
ces, we leave for the medical Philosopher to determine. But
it does not appear very probable, that they are in any measure
connected with the cause which produced the yellow fever
among the human species; as they do not always appear in
those seasons or places when and where that prevails, but
generally in the most remote parts of the country, which is
free from this human scourge.
We shall close this part of our subject with an account of
the diseases which prevailed in Philadelphia previous to its
general calamity, as appeared in the Philadelphia Monthly
Magazine for July, 1798.
"July commenced with uncommonly hot weather; the
city being pretty free from sickness. The cholera infantum
prevailed and carried off many children. On the 8th of the
month, much rain fell, and the air became suddenly moist
and cool. Many cases of cholera and several of dysentery
occurred immediately afterwards. The subduction of heat
from the skin, the torpor of its vessels, and the accumulation
of blood in the internal parts, in consequence of the appli-

(18)
cation of cold to the body, might have been circumstances
favourable to the production of these diseases.
"A number of days, about the middle of the month, were
extremely cool; especially in the morning and evening: some
of them very much resembled autumnal weather. To-
wards the close of the month, some cases of bilious fever, of
a malignant nature, appeared; the weather was showery and
became warmer.
"In treating the cholera infantum, bleeding, calomel, and
blisters, were used with advantage. Sometimes any one of
these remedies would cure the disease. At other times, the
whole of them would prove ineffectual, when it was very
violent, or when medical assistance was delayed. The cold
bath cured some slight cases, and was employed with advan-
tage in the convalescent state of this disease.
"In the dysentery which occurred, the usual remedies were
successful; such as salts, castor-oil, laudanum, &c. The
laudanum, combined with antimonial wine, and given in the
first and latter part of the night, proved most serviceable.
In a violent case of the complaint, bleeding, blisters and sali-
vation were used with success." 

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
MADE IN PHILABELPHIA BY
DAVID RITTENHOUSE, Esquire.
AUGUST. 1793.
Barometer. Thermometer Wind. Weather.
A.M. 3 P.M 6 A.M. 3 P.M 6 A.M. 3 P.M. 6 A.M. 3 P.M.
1 29 95 30 0 65 77 WNW NW. cloudy, fair,
2 30 1 30 1 36 81 NW SW. fair, fair,
3 30 5 29 95 68 82 N NNE. fair, fair,
4 29 97 30 0 65 87 S SW. fair, fair,
5 30 5 30 1 73 90 SSW SW. fair, fair,
6 30 2 30 0 77 87 SW W. cloudy, fair,
7 30 18 30 1 68 83 NW W. cloudy, fair,
8 30 1 29 95 69 86 SSE SSE. fair, rain,
9 29 8 29 75 75 85 SSW SW. cloudy, fair,
10 29 9 29 9 67 82 W SW. fair, fair,
11 30 0 30 0 70 84 SW WSW cloudy, cloudy,
12 30 0 30 0 70 87 W W. fair, fair,
13 30 5 30 0 71 89 SW W. fair, fair,
14 30 0 29 95 75 82 SW SW. fair, rain,
15 30 0 30 1 72 75 NNE NE. rain, cloudy,
16 30 1 30 1 70 83 NNE NE. fair, fair,
17 30 1 30 0 71 86 SW SW. fair, fair,
18 30 1 30 0 73 89 calm SW. fair, fair,
19 30 1 30 1 72 82 N N. fair, cloudy,
20 30 1 30 12 69 82 NNE NNE. fair, fair,
21 30 15 30 25 62 83 N NNE. fair, fair,
22 30 3 30 35 63 86 NE SE. fair, fair,
23 30 25 30 15 63 85 calm S. fair, fair,
24 30 1 30 1 73 81 calm calm. cloudy, rain
25 30 1 30 1 71 66 NE NE. rain, great rain
26 30 15 30 2 59 69 NE NE. cludy, cloudy,
27 30 2 30 2 65 73 NE NE. cloudy, cloudy,
28 30 2 30 15 67 80 S calm. cloudy, cloudy, clearing
29 30 16 30 15 72 86 calm SW. cloudy, fair,
30 30 1 30 1 74 87 calm SW. rain, fair,
31 30 0 30 0 74 84 SW NW. rain, fair,

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
MADE IN PHILADELPHIA,
BY MR. THOMAS PRYOR,
AUGUST, 1797.
Thermometer Barometer. WINDS and WEATHER.
1 73 to 75 30 0 E.S.E. Rain in the forenoon & afternoon.
2 72 to 76 30 0 N.E. by E. Cloudy with rain in the after-
noon and night. Wind E. by N.
3 72 to 78 30 6 E. 1/2 N. Rain in the morning, and all day
and night.
4 72 to 78 30 4 E. Rained hard all day and at night.
5 74 to 79 29 84  Wind light—S.W. Cloudy. Rain this morn-
ing. The air extremely damp; wind
shifted to N.W. This evening heavy show-
ers, with thunder.
6 73 to 76 30 86 W.N.W. Cloudy.
7 70 to 76 30 4 N.W. Close day. Rain in the evening and
all night. Wind to E.
8 72 to 76 29 95 E. Rain this morning
9 72 to 76 29 86 S. W Cloudy morning.
10 69 to 73 30 16 N.W. Clear.
11 70 to 73 30 25 N.W. Clear. Rain all night. 
12 71 to 74 30 5 S.W. Cloudy. Rain in the morning.—
Cloudy all day.—Rain at night.
13 73 to 75 29 87 S.W. Cloudy. Rain all day.
14 70 to 74 29 9 N.W. Clear fine morning.
15 56 to 60 30 15 N.W. Clear fine morning.
16 60 to 64 30 24 S.W. Clear fine morning.
17 60 to 65 30 24 N.W. Air Damp.
18 68 to 75 30 4 S.W. Cloudy. Rain, with thunder, at night
a fine shower.
19 72 to 78 29 7 N.W. Clear. Cloudy in the evening, with
thunder.
20 70 to 77 29 8 W.N.W. Fine clear morning.
21 74 to 76 29 9 N.W. Clear. to E.
22 68 to 76 29 9 E. Small shower this morning.-Hard
shower at 11. A.M. Wind N.E.
23 71 to 76 29 92 E. Cloudy. At noon calm.
24 71 to 75 29 95 Calm morning and clear.
25 70 to 75 30 5 N.E. Clear. Rain in the afternoon, with
thunder.
26 70 to 75 30 5 S.E. Rain in the morning. Rained hard
in the night, with thunder. N.W.
27 68 to 76 29 9 N.W. Fine clear morning.
28 64 to 75 29 96 N.W. Clear.
29 59 to 70 30 0 E. Clear
30 70 to 76 30 1 E. by S. Rain in the morning.
31 68 to 74 30 14 SE. Cloudy. Damp air and sultry. 

(21)
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
MADE IN PHILADELPHIA,
BY MR. THOMAS PRYOR.
JUNE, 1798.
[Fahrenheit's Thermometer in the shade.]
Thermometer. Barometer. WINDS and WEATHER.
1 62 to 68 29 9—S.W. clear morn. all day clear.
2 62 to 70 29 85—S.W. clear all day
3 66 to 75 69 87—S.W. fine morning
4 70 to 80 29 87—S. E. cloudy, rain in afternoon
5 70 to 80 29 83—S. E. to W.S.W. cloudy, rainy morn;
6 72 to 81 29 83—S.E. cl. m. E.N.E. to N.E. af. rain, and
thunder
7 72 to 80 29 9—Cloudy, N.E. light to S.E.
8 68 to 78 36 0—W. clear day.
9 64 to 78 30 0—E. light. clear all day.
10 62 to 74 30 2—E. by N. fresh, clear all day
11 62 to 67 30 8—E. fresh—rain in morn.
12 60 to 78 30 0—N.E. in morn.
13 60 to 69 30 8—N. E. cl. to S.E. rain ast. N.W. in eve.
14 60 to 76 30 22—E.S.E. foggy morn, clear aft.
15 68 to 78 30 1—E. light, clear.
16 70 to 80 29 98—W.N.W cl. NE. to E.S.E. cold eve.
17 61 to 68 30 2—E.N.E. fresh, clouds flying in morn.
18 61 to 75 30 2—N.E. cloudy.
19 62 to 76 30 2 1—S. by E. rain at night.
20 70 to 78 29 96—S.E. rainy morn.
21 70 to 78 29 92—S.E. clear all day
22 72 to 84 29 94—S. by W. clear day, W.N.W. aft.
23 72 to 84 29 97—S.W. cloudy morn, clear aft.
24 72 to 82 30 5—S.W. clear morn, rainy afternoon
25 74 to 82 30 6—S.W. rainy morn.
26 68 to 76 30 6—W.N.W. cloudy.
27 65 to 1-S 30 6-N. by E. cloudy morn, to W.N.W. eve.
28 65 to 76 30 1—S.W. clear morn.
29 68 to 78 29 9—S.W. cloudy.
30 66 to 81 30 6-W.N.W. clear morn
D

(22)
JULY, 1798.
Thermometer. Barometer. WINDS and WEATHER.
1 70 to 86 30 7—Wind S.W. clear.
2 72 to 88 30 6—Wind S.W. clear.
3 74 to 91 1/2 29 97—Wind W.N.W. clear, in the morning S.
W. rain in aft.
4 74 to 84 29 88—Wind N.W. clear, A.M.N.N.E. 
clear, P.M.
5 72 to 81 29 85—Wind N.E.& S.E. with rain at noon.
6 66 to 80 29 92—Wind N.W. clear, A.M.N.N.E.
clear, P.M.
7 62 to 78 30 1—Wind N.W.N.E. & S.E. clear. Fresh
at S.E. P.M.
8 64 to 80 30 to 29 8—Wind S.W. fresh in the morning, rain
with thunder, P.M.
9 64 to 76 29 97—Wind N.W. clear all day.
10 62 to 78 30 8—Wind N.W. clear, S.W.
11 64 to 74 29 98—Wind S.W-rain, clear in the evening.
12 67 to 78 29 96—Wind N.W. clear.
13 64 to 70 30 0—Wind N.E. cloudy, rain A. M. clear P.
M. new ☾ 10h. 51m. A. M.
14 58 to 70 30 0—Wind W.N.W. clear, N.E. with a lit-
tle rain, P.M. at Germantown a show-
er of hail.
15 54 to 72 30 1—Wind N.E. clear.
16 66 to 76 30 5—Wind S.E. cloudy.
17 70 to 76 29 96—Wind S.W. cloudy, rain in the evening
and at night.
18 70 to 78 49 98—Wind S.W. rain in the morning.
19 62 to 72 30 0—Wind N.W. clear morning, very cold.
20 60 to 72 30 6—Wind W.clear A.M.E.P.M. dog days
began.
21 60 to 76 30 1—Wind N.W. morn, clear, even. calm.
22 64 to 77 30 25—Wind S.W. clear.
23 64 to 81 30 1—Wind S.W. clear all day.
24 68 to 83 30 1—Wind S.W. clear, at 10h. 25m. P.M.
rain with thunder.
25 70 to 82 30 12— Wind W.N.W. clear A.M. cloudy P.M.
26 70 to 82 30 7—Wind S.W. light rain, A.M. cloudy,
calm & sultry, P.M. air damp.
27 74 to 90 30 6—Wind light at S.W. air damp, ☾ 1h.
35m. P.M.
28 84 to 91 1/2 30 0—Wind light, and air damp, sultry P.M.*
29 83 to 90 30 0—Wind S.W. sultry, air damp, P.M. rain.
30 79 to 82 30 0—Wind S.S.W. cloudy A.M. rain with
thunder, P.M.
31 67 to 79 30 0-Wind W.S.W. to N.W. cloudy.
* The warmest weather we have had since the battle of Mon-
moth. 

(23)
AUGUST, 1798.
Thermometer. Barometer. WINDS and WEATHER.
1 68 to 81 30 8—Wind N.W. clear, fine morn. varia-
ble in the afternoon.
2 70 to 80 30 18—Morning calm and foggy. The wind
in the afternoon S.
3 72 to 82 30 25—Morn, foggy. Wind S. afternoon.
4 74 to 82 30 2—Morn. foggy, wind light S. shower
afternoon. Rain all night.
5 74 to 83 30 7—Wind W. clear morn. Rain afternoon
with thunder. Wind S.W.
6 74 to 82 30 0—Wind N. by W. clear all day.
7 70 to 83 30 1-Wind N.E. clear, fine morn, to N.W
8 68 to 86 30 14—Wind S.W. clear mom. eve sultry.
9 78 to 90 30 0—Wind W.S.W. clear, air damp in
the evening, calm and sultry.
10 80 to 93 29 85-Wind S.W. clear, sultry morning, air
damp, warmest day.
11 86 to 89 29 78—Wind light at S.W. sultry morning,
air damp, rain in the afternoon and
night, with thunder. New moon at
6 28m afternoon.
12 76 to 82 29 96—Wind W.N.W. clear morn. cloudy
at noon, wind at N.
13 74 to 83 30 17—Wind W.N.W. cloudy, to S.E.
14 76 to 83 30 17—Wind E.S.E. cloudy, sultry. Rain
at night.
15 76 to 81 30 17—Wind light at S. much rain in the
morning early, cloudy in afternoon.
16 76 to 82 30 2—Wind W.N.W. cloudy at S.E.
a little rain in the afternoon with
thunder.
17 76 to 85 30 1— Wind W.N.W.cloudy, sultry.
18 79 to 87 30 4—Wind S.W, clear and sultry.
19 76 to 86 30 6—Wind N.E. clear, air damp, sultry.
20 76 to 82 30 15— Wind E. foggy morn. dry, sultry,
21 78 to 84 30 1—Wind S.W. cloudy, sultry, air damp,
22 76 to 86 30 7—Wind N.N.W. clear and sultry.
23 69 to 76 30 3—E.N.E. fresh. 

(24)
Thermometer. Barometer. WINDS and WEATHER.
24 69 to 77 30 15—Wind S.W. clear, thunder at night,
sultry.
25 76 to 87 30 7—Wind S.W. clear and sultry.
26 81 to 91 30 0—Wind S.W. clear and sultry, full
moon at 4 28m. A.M.
27 80 to 86 30 4—Wind W.N.W. clear in the morn-
ing, to N.E. in the evening, with
rain in the night.
28 70 to 78 29 9—Wind S.W. rain in the morning, clou-
dy all the latter part of the day.
29 67 to 78 30 0—Wind N.W. clear.
30 62 to 77 30 0—Wind E. to S.W. clear, to S. fine
day and night.
31 64 to 78 30  0—Wind W.N W. clear, sultry evening.
SEPTEMBER, 1798.
1 62 to 81 30 17—Wind N.N.E. clear fine morning.
2 62 to 78 30 2—Wind N.E. clear fine morning. Wind
E.S.E. fresh in the afternoon, clear.
3 60 to 76 30 2—Wind N.E. clear fine morning, cloudy
in the afternoon, rain at night, with
thunder.
4 62 to 76 30 30—E.S.E. heavy rain from 12 to 5 o'clock,
A.M. with thunder and rain in eve.
5 62 to 73 29 78—Wind W.N.W. clear, air damp.
6 60 to 74 29 78—Wind N. in the morning, air damp.
7 60 to 74 29 97—Wind N.E. morn, air damp, to S.W.
8 56 to 72 30 3—Wind W. clear fine day. 
9 56 to 72 30 7—Wind W.N.W. clear fine morning. Dog
days end.
10 59 to 72 30 8—Wind W.N.W. clear, new ☾ at 2 A.M.
11 64 to 78 30 1—Wind W.N.W. clear to E. by S.
12 60 to 74 30 33—Wind E.S.E. cloudy.
13 56 to 68 30 26—Wind in the morn. N. W. clear to S.E.
14 58 to 73-Wind S. by W. clear.
15 60 to 78 30 12—Wind S. by W. cloudy.
16 62 to 80 30 1—Wind S. by W. clear.
17 66 to 80 30 1—Wind N.E. clear.
18 70 to 81 30 1—Wind light at E. by N. foggy morning
rain in the afternoon and night.
19 72 to 82 30 1—Wind variable, rained hard at 10 A.M.
heavy showers all day, air damp. 

(25)
Thermometer Barometer WINDS and WEATHER.
26 72 to 78 30 1—Wind N.E. to S.E. foggy morn: cloudy
in the afternoon, air damp.
21 74 to 72 30 0—Cloudy and calm.
22 57 to70 30 1—Clear fine morn. Wind N.W. sun crossed
the line at 2h. 57m. P.M.
23 60 to 72 30 0—Wind S.W. clear and dry air.
24 62 to 74 30 0—Wind N.W. clear in the morn, cloudy
at night. Full ☾ at 9h. 4m. P.M.
25 54 to 65 30—Wind fresh, N.N.W. and cold.
26 49 to 58 30 29—Wind W.N.W. clear and dry air.
27 61 to 71 29 9—Wind fresh, S.W. clear fine morn, rain
in the evening and night.
28 50 to 61 30 0—Wind W.N.W. clear and dry air.
29 40 to 56 30 25—Wind N.W. clear fine morning, air dry.
30 39 to 54 30 3—Wind W.N.W. clear morn, dry air.
OCTOBER, 1798.
1 44 to 61 30 45—Wind S.W. air dry.
2 50 to 65 30 44—Calm and foggy morning, clear astera.
3 55 to 70 30 35—Calm and foggy.
4 53 to 68 30 2—Calm and clear Wind in the eve E.S.E.
5 50 to 65 30 8—Wind variable from N.W. to N.E. to
E. by S.
6 54 to 68 30 0—Wind variable.
7 g  04—Wind N.W. in the morn, light rain, and
at night.
8 54 to 62 29 8—Wind W.N.W. rain in the morn, wind
continued all day at W.N.W. with
intervals of rain.
9 49 to 66 30 1—Wind S.W. clear fine morning.
10 52 to 66 30 19—Calm and clear morning,
11 54 to 66 30 2—Foggy morning, clear in the afternoon.
12 52 to 65 30 4—Cloudy morn, wind E.S.E.
13 50 to 60 30 5—Wind N.E. fresh, cloudy.
14 50 to 60 30 46—Wind E.N.E. cloudy all day.
15 51 to 60 30 45—Wind S.W. clear fine day.
16 45 to 60 30 45—Calm and clear all day.
17 50 to 62 30 4—Calm all day.
18 49 to 61 30 18—Wind fresh in the morning at N. by W.
clear to N.E. fresh of wind at night.
19 50 to 60 30 28—Wind fresh at N.E. cloudy.
20 50 to 60 30 1—Wind N.E. cloudy.
21 50 to 61 30 0—Wind N.W. clear, little rain at night.
22 52 to 62 29 9—Wind S.W. clear.
23 60 to 61 29 6—Wind S.W. a little rain in the morn, to
N.W. fresh in the afternoon. 

(26)
Thermometer. Barometer. WINDS and WEATHER.
24 44 to 57 29 6—Wind W.S.W. clear. Full ☾ at 2h.
32m. afternoon.
25 45 to 60 30 0—Wind S.W. clear.
26 48to 62 30 0—Wind S. clear, fine day.
27 49 to 58 29 9—Wind in the morn. S.W. to N.W. to N.
E. with rain in the afternoon.
28 46 to 57 29 83—Wind W.S.W. cloudy, fresh at N.W.
at night.
29 32 to 47 30 0—Wind W.N.W. fresh. Ice this morn.
30 26 to 41 30 0—Wind fresh W.N.W. snow in the night.
Ice half inch thick in morn.
31 28 to 40 28 82—Wind W. N.W. clear and cold morn.
Ice.
NOVEMBER, 1798.
1 28 to 33 30 13—E. with snow, froze in shade
2 32 to 43 29 85—N.W. cloudy
3 35 to 42 30 0—W.N.W. cloudy
4 33 to 42 30 0—N.W. clear day
5 26 to 42 30 13—N.W. clear morn.
6 26 to 43 30 36—W. by S. clear morn.
7 26 to 44 30 45—W. clear, new ☾ 9 in eve.
8 26 to 44 30 4—S.E. cloudy.
9 28 to 42 30 4—W. clear.
10 24 to 40 30 45—Wind N.E. fresh and clear.
11 22 to 40 30 5—E. clear and cold
12 34 to 42 30 28—W. cloudy
13 34 to 42 30 48—S.W. clear, rain at night
14 36 to 48 30 25—S.W. to W.N.W. cloudy, rainy morn.
15 34 to 54 29 93—W. to S.W. thunder and rain
16 36 to 55 30 7—S.W. fresh
17 24 to 48 30 16—E.S. fresh, cloudy
18 34 to 50 26 92—E. foggy, rain at night
19 38 to 46 29 98—N.E. cloudy, rain, thunder; rain at eve
20 30 to 34 29 9—N.W. fresh; snow, deep snow
21 26 to 33 29 7—W.N.W. clear
22 20 to 35 29 95 —W.N.W. clear
23 24 to 42 29 9—N.W. clear day, full ☾ 7h. 44m. A.M.
24 26 to 41 30 13—N.W. clear day
25 26 to 33 30 46—N.N.E. clear
26 26 to 34 30 65—N.W. clear morn.
27 26 to 36 30 65—S.W. clear
28 32 to 40 30 1-S.W. hazey
29 38 to 48 30 0—W. hazey
30 36 to 46 30 0—S.W. hazey morn.

(27)
CHAPTER II.
First appearance of the Disease—General alarm—Flight of the
inhabitants, &c.
WE now proceed to the talk of recording the rise,
progress and attendant circumstances of the late Yellow
Fever, the most tremendous scourge, perhaps, ever experi-
enced in the United States.
Its origin is still as much a subject of controversy as in
1793. Those who support the idea of its domestic growth,
insist much on the long duration of moist, sultry weather,
the filth and stagnant water collected in our streets, inat-
tention of scavengers, foul air discharged from the holds
of vessels, with their cargoes, ballast, &c. The disciples
of this system are, the Academy of Medicine and their ad-
herents. The arguments brought forward in support of
the above doctrine, are strongly opposed by the College of
Physicians, and their adherents. They insist that it has been,
most unequivocally, imported; that the weather has not been
more sultry this season than in many other years, in which not
even a sporadic case of the disorder was met with; that the
police of our streets is vastly better than formerly, especially
during the period that the British troops were here, and im-
mediately subsequent to their abandonment of the city. With
respect to the construction of a city, very few are equal
hardly any superior, to Philadelphia; the ventilation of
which, is completely secured, let the wind blow in what-
ever direction it may, by its streets interfering each other
at right angles.
Independent of thee general arguments, it is contended,
that the disease can be as satisfactorily traced to the vessel
or vessels that introduced it, as the nature of the case will
admit. For, it has been observed, that it is one of those
cases, which will hardly admit of positive or judicial proof.
The examination of the nature and origin of the disease,
we shall treat, at large, in another part of this work; and, at 

(28)
present, confine our inquiry only to the narration of those
circumstances which occurred, and excited general alarm
in the city during the period of its prevalence; but, it is
necessary to remark, that a difference of opinion also exists
respecting the nature of the yellow fever: Those in fa-
vour of its importation, assert that it is a distinct and spe-
cific disease, of itself, and highly contagious. Those in favor
of its domestic origin, affirm, that it is only a higher grade of
the common bilious fever of this country, and that it is sel-
dom or never contagious.
Some cases of highly bilious fever occurred so early as the
month of June; and, perhaps, some even of yellow fever
may have occurred  during the months of June and July.
The Academy of Medicine, in a letter to the Governor of
Pennsylvania, dated December 3, 1798, mention eight ca-
ses of the fever, which occurred between June 2d and July
12th; but, it does not appear, that the disease was commu-
nicated by infection from any of the cases they mention; nor
was any alarm excited till after that period.
Many of the inhabitants suspected, that, in certain places,
the poison might remain during the winter, in the houses,
beds and apparel of those who died with, or who had, the
fever the preceding year, and that the heat of the sun might
again bring it into action this summer, perhaps from a sus-
picion, founded upon a reference to the transient recurrence
of a few cases of the yellow fever, in the fall which succee-
ded 1793. Upon which account, it was natural to expect, that
the inhabitants would be upon their guard, and use every
means in their power to prevent the return of so dreadful a
calamity; and, if it should be found impossible to prevent it,
that they would, upon its first appearance, found the alarm.
The legislature of Pennsylvania, having found, by experience,
that the existing "laws, for preventing the importation of
infectious or contagious diseases into the port of Philadel-
phia, and the Health-Office system thereby established, were
defective and inadequate," in April, 1798, passed "an Act
to alter and amend the same, and to extend the powers of
the Board of Health." Agreeable to the tenor of this law, a
Board of Health was instituted. They entered upon the
important and arduous duties of their office in the be-
ginning of May last; and, although they were convin-
ced that the new one was still defective, and inade-
quate to the purposes contemplated by its framers, they 

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were determined to make up for its deficiency, if possible, by
their own vigilance.
On the 1st of May, the following extract from An act to
alter and amend the health laws of Pennsylvania, passed the
4th of April, was published by order of the Board of Health,
viz. "Sec. 8. And be it further enacted by the authority
aforesaid, that every house-keeper within the city of Phila-
delphia, the townships of the Northern Liberties and Moya-
mensing, and district of Southwark, within one mile of the
limits of the city, taking in boarders, arriving by sea or by
land, from any foreign port or place, and having any board-
er in his or her family, who shall be taken sick of any disease
whatsoever, between the first day of May and the first day of
November, in any year, within twenty days next after such
boarder shall come to lodge in his or her house, shall, within
twenty-four hours next after the knowledge of such sickness,
make report at the Health-Office of the name of such sick
person, the time of his or her arrival at the house, and of
his or her being taken sick, and of the name and place of
abode of such housekeeper; where upon the Physician of the
Health-Office shall forthwith visit the patient, and report to
the Office his opinion of the nature of such disease, that mea-
sures may be taken to prevent the spreading of infection;
and if any house-keeper shall neglect to give information in 
the manner and within the time aforesaid, and shall be there-
of convicted, in any court of criminal jurisdiction within
this commonwealth, upon indictment or confession, he or
she shall forfeit and pay a fine to the use of the said hospital,
hot less than twenty dollars, nor more than one hundred dol-
lars, to be imposed at the discretion of the court, according
to the circumstances of greater or less aggravation attending
each particular case."
The 5th feet ion of the same law enacted, "That all
vessels arriving at the port of Philadelphia, during the
months of May, June, July, August, September, October
and November, from any port in the Mediterranean, or wa-
ters connected therewith to the eastward of the Straits of
Gibraltar, or from the coast of Africa without the Straits,
other than the Cape of Good Hope, and from the main land
of North or South-America, or the West-India Islands, be-
tween the latitude of the river St. Mary in Georgia, and the
beginning of the latitude of thirty degrees south of the equa-
tor, shall be subjected to ride quarantine before the Marine
Hospital on State-Island (about five miles below the city)
E 

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for a term not exceeding ten, nor mere than twenty days."
In consequence of which, it was the uniform practice of the
Board of Managers to subject all unsuspected vessels to a qua-
rantine of ten days only.
At a meeting of the Board, on the 28th of the same
month, it was represented that the health laws had been
frequently violated and evaded, by persons landing from
vehicles under quarantine, and that the resident physician and
ether officers of the institution, had been obstructed and
grossly insulted in the legal exercise of their duties, in open
and avowed contempt of the laws, and to the great danger
of the health of the city. The board, therefore, "resolved,
"That the resident physician, or health-officer of the marine
hospital, inform all persons under quarantine, that the 2d
Section of the act to alter and amend the health laws, pas-
sed April 4th, 1798, will be strictly enforced, and that no
person under quarantine be permitted to land, except in
case of imminent distress, or absolute necessity, agreeably to
the said  Section." This resolution, together with the sec-
tion alluded to, was published for the benefit of all concer-
ned. The following is a copy, viz.
"Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority afore-
said, That every ship or vessel, coming from any foreign port
or place, bound to the port of Philadelphia, between the last
day of April and the first day of December, in every year,
shall come to anchor in the river Delaware, as near to the
Marine Hospital as her draft of water and the state of the
tide and weather will reasonably admit, before any part of
the cargo or baggage be landed, or any person who came in
such ship or vessel, shall leave her; and shall submit to the
examinations, and obtain the certificate hereafter specified:
And if any matter, commander, or pilot, shall leave his sta-
tion before the said hospital, or if any matter or commander
shall permit or suffer any part of the cargo or baggage, or any
person or persons arriving in such ship or vessel, from any
port beyond the limits of the United States, to be landed on
either shore of Delaware Bay or river, before such examina-
tion be duly had, and certificate obtained, the person or per-
sons so permitting, and the person or persons so landing ex-
cept in case of imminent distress, or absolute necessity, be-
ing thereof convicted upon indictment, under this act, by
verdict, confession, or standing mute, in any court having
criminal jurisdiction within this commonwealth, shall be sen-
tenced to, and suffer confinement in the gaol of the county 

(31)
of Philadelphia, for any space not less than one, nor more
than three years."
The board, likewise, directed the Health-Officer residing
at the Marine Hospital, to visit every vessel, riding quaran-
tine, at least once every twenty-four hours, at irregular times,
to call the roll of the crew and passengers, and to satisfy him-
self that they were all on board; and, if any others should be
found on board, to subject them to remain until the termi-
nation of the period of the vessel's quarantine. But, not-
withstanding these precautions, on the 12th of June, the
Board received information that two persons had been on
board one of the vessel's then under quarantine; which per-
sons were accordingly prosecuted. The law was also evaded
by a mode still more dangerous to the health of the city and
its neighbourhood: both persons and goods were landed in
the state of Delaware, previous to the vessels reaching State-
Island; which persons, together with their goods, proceeded
to the city. Information of this nature was communicated
to the Board on the 16th of July; and, on the same day, re-
presentations of another nature, drew, from the Health-Of-
fice, the following advertisement: "Whereas, representations
have been made to the Managers of the Marine and City-
Hospitals, that frequent communication is had between ci-
tizens of Philadelphia and elsewhere, and persons on board
of vessels under quarantine, by means of boats going along
side, to the great danger of the health of the city: There-
fore, resolved, that every vessel with which such communica-
tion has been permitted, shall perform an additional quaran-
tine of five days."
There is great reason for supposing that communica-
tions between the city and the vessels under quarantine were
carried on to a very great extent. It is said, that persons from
these vessels frequently came to the city in the night, and
returned again next morning. We are more particular
in mentioning these circumstances; for, it is possible that
some of the earlier cases of the fever were thus introduced.
About the end of June, a very great influx of foreigners
from the West-Indies took place, which created the alarm of
government, from a representation, that their views were hos-
tile to the peace of our country; but this proved to be pre-
mature. It was caused by the evacuation of Port-au-Prince
by the British troops. Eight vessels arrived at the port of
Philadelphia on the 5th of July, from the ports of Cape-
Nichola-Mole, Jeremic and Port-au-Prince, bringing two 

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hundred and twenty-seven passengers, and one hundred
and sixteen seamen. The sudden death of the Marquis de
Rouvray, shortly after his arrival in one of these vessels, gave
ground for suspicion, that the seeds of the disease might have
been thus early imported.
The period of quarantine, prescribed by law, was general-
ly supposed to be insufficient. The Board of Health, in or-
der to obviate bad consequences from this defect, on the 2d
July, procured six of Wynkoop's ventilators; the use of which
had been strenuously recommended, in 1797, to the gover-
nor and legislature of Pennsylvania, by the Academy of Me-
dicine, as being admirably adapted for expelling the foul air
from the holds of vessels, and preserving the cargo and tim-
bers from putrefaction. These ventilators, the Board direc-
ted the resident physician to use in all vessels that he suspec-
ted might require them.
While the Board of Health were thus employing every
means, which they could devise, to prevent a return of the
fever by importation, the select and common councils, and
many other citizens, were equally vigilant, both by private
example and public authority, to guard against its domes-
tic generation. The streets and alleys were kept clean; the
police-officers were enjoined to be vigilant in their duty, and
the inhabitants cheerfully gave them aid. The following
paragraphs, from the newspapers, will convey a more perfect
idea how far these precautions were respected, viz.
From the Philadelphia Gazette.
"The present very warm weather, naturally reminds many
citizens of the watering carts, which are deposited in the
large wooden-building at the corner of Walnut and Sixth-
streets.
"There can be no season of the year in which they might
be used to greater advantage; and it is the earnest wish, I be-
lieve, of all Philadelphia, that they were immediately ap-
plied to the purposes for which they were made. As to dif-
ficulties, expense, &c. surely these are no objects in a city,
which has too often experienced the fatal effects of dry, hea-
ted air.
"As the great danger is from a collection of dirt, and con-
sequent putrefaction in our gutters, I would further propose,
that the persons appointed to clean the streets, instead of
sweeping off the loose, dry dirt, which had much better be
left where it is, should be employed in pumping the water       

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into the gutters, and giving them, at least, a daily cleansing.
Besides the public pumps, there are a great number of pri-
vate ones, whose owners would be glad to have them used
in this manner, not only for the general good, but for their
own sakes; as it is well known nothing contributes more to
mending the water, than frequent pumping.
"July 2. A CITIZEN."
"Advice to the inhabitants of Philadelphia and other cities in the
United States.
"The summer season is the season of fevers, and of those
inflammatory diseases which attack man. It is principally
large cities that are subject to these misfortunes.
"The effervescence of the bile is one of the most com-
mon causes of those diseases in the warm weather. I think
it will be rendering humanity service to point out some means
of preservation against the destroying pestilence.
"One of the general causes of epidemical diseases, is the
noxious quality of air, which becomes vitiated by a variety
of circumstances to which the magistrates should pay the
closest attention:
"1. The streets often strewed, for days together, with the
putrefying carcases of dead animals, should be cleansed.—
These streets should be daily watered, and the gutters swept.
"2. A watchful superintendance should take place over
several kinds of manufacturies, particularly breweries, sugar-
houses, and others liable to have heaps of fermenting mate-
rials.
"3. A severe penalty should be inflicted on keeping pu-
trid substances in the city.
"I will mention an instance: A few days ago, several bar-
rels of putrid beef were buried a very few inches under
ground, and on the outskirts of the city. Putrid substances
should be thrown into the river, at a considerable distance
below the city.
"It would also be very adviseable to bury the dead, at
least during the hot weather, at a distance from the city, and
a considerable depth.
"A stop put to the abuses I have been speaking of, would
certainly contribute to the preservation of the cities of the
United States from that dreadful disease, known by the name
of the yellow fever.
"As a preservation for individuals, I would recommend
the use of acids and vomits to those who have the stomach 

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loaded with bile. The disuse of animal food, and of spiri-
tuous liquors, a vegetable and plain diet; in a word, what-
ever can cool down the heat of the blood and the efferves-
cence of the bile, are recommended.
"July 5. AN EUROPEAN."
In the Select and Common Councils, July 19, 1798:
"Resolved, That the city commissioners be enjoined
and required forthwith to employ a sufficient number
of suitable persons, and to cause them, at least three
times in every week, during the present and the two suc-
ceeding months, to cleanse and wash the gutters of the
streets, lanes and alleys, within the paved parts of the
city; and that they be strictly enjoined to a most vigilant and
scrupulous attention in keeping the streets, lanes, alleys and
gutters of the city constantly free and clear of all noxious
matter and filth of every kind."
From Porcupine's Gazette.
"It gave me pleasure in observing in this morning's paper
that the Select and Common Councils had enjoined and re-
quired the city commissioners to have the streets, lanes, al-
leys and gutters kept free and clear of all noxious matter and
filth; but I am sorry they did not see the necessity of paying
some attention to the different docks, and having them clea-
ned and kept so; as I am of opinion there is as much danger
to be apprehended to the health of the city from the putrid
filth and noxious matter that lays, for several hours in the
day, exposed to the sun, in many of the docks, and particu-
larly at Market-street, as from any other source. If the com-
missioners were to give themselves the trouble of examining
the docks at low water, I am persuaded they would see the
necessity of having them cleared, without a request from the
councils to do what is their duty, as I am informed the power
already lays with them."
"August 1st, 1798. A CITIZEN."
In consequence of the extraordinary vigilance of the city
commissioners, in junction with the inhabitants, the streets,
lanes and alleys, within the city, were never known, in any
former period, to be kept cleaner, or in better order. The
board of health, the resident and consulting physicians of the
port, and the other physicians of the city, were equally watch-
ful and vigilant in their departments. 

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On the 2d July, Drs. Wistar and Duffield communicated
to the board of health, the death of Mr. Mark Miller (one of
the eight cases formerly mentioned,) with the yellow fever,
at the house of Mr. Mark  Reeve, merchant, Callowhill-
street, between Front and Second-streets; whereupon, the
board ordered the house in which he died to be clean-
sed and white-washed; his bedding and apparel to be
taken to the city-hospital, and buried, for purification;
and that Mr. Reeve's family, and those who attended
Mr. Miller, be recommended to remove from the city.
All this was punctually complied with, and no person
was "afterwards known to have taken the fever from Mr.
Miller. There was not a doubt, among the physicians,
respecting the nature of the disease of which Mr. Miller
died. Drs. Hodge and Wistar, who attended him, de-
clared it to have been a true case of yellow fever: the
black vomit, one of its most sure and violent characteris-
tics, appeared previous to death. This being one of the
earliest cases which created alarm, or apprehension in the
city, this summer, we shall be particular to ascertain the
precise circumstances of the case. Dr. Currie, in his Me-
moirs of the Yellow Fever of 1798, states the particulars
thus: "June 27th, cool, thermometer only 76º at two P.
M. Mark Miller died to-day under the care of Drs. Wis-
tar and Hodge, with symptoms of the yellow fever, at Mrs.
Reeves's, in Callowhiil-street. He had been much fatigued
and debilitated, from loading a vessel at Almond-street wharf,
a mile from his lodgings, in the heat of the day, to which he
had walked daily for sometime. He had, also, according to
the account of Mrs. Reeves, slept on the bed in which her
son had died of the fever the preceding autumn." By com-
paring Dr. Currie's statement with our narration, it will
appear evident, that he has  been misinformed respecting
some of the particulars of this case. Mr. Reeve informs us,
that last fall, after the fever had so far subsided, that the citi-
zens were returning to the city, a boy in his employ was ta-
ken ill with what was supposed to be the yellow fever. He
had a mild attack, and recovered. During his illness, a thick
bed-quilt was constantly kept between the bed-linen and the
bed, and that, after his recovery, the bed was, according to
advice of the physician, laid in an open field amongst the
grass, and there suffered to remain for a week or ten days ex-
posed to the cold air and white frost. The bed was afterwards
brought home, and, from that period, was in constant use in 

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the family. Mr. Miller slept upon it for many months pre-
vious to his death. On the night of June 5th, Mr. Miller
sat up to watch the corpse of Benjamin Jones, taylor, in
Fromberger's court. Mr. Jones had been but six or seven
weeks resident in Philadelphia. About seven or eight months
previous, he had been bit by a dog supposed to be mad. He was
delirious and attempted to bite his attendants. These cir-
cumstances produced suspicion that he had the hydrophobia;
but his physician, Dr. Physick, who opened his body after
death, asserted it to be the yellow fever. Mr. Miller was taken
sick on the night of June 20, some days previous to which,
he had fatigued himself in shipping some goods at Almond-
street wharf, upwards of a mile from his lodgings; to which
he walked daily. Whether he caught the infection from
Benjamin Jones, whose body had been opened, or from any
remaining contagion in the bed, or any other local cause, it
will be difficult to determine; the probability is, that he had
imbibed the infection from one or the other of these first-
mentioned causes, and that it was excited into action by over-
fatiguing himself in the heat of the day.
It is said that two other persons, who were taken sick af-
ter they went to the country, suppose that they caught the
infection from the above-mentioned Mr. Jones. They were
attended in the country by Dr. Isaac Huddleston, of Norris-
town. They, however, recovered.
On the evening of the 8th July, the armed ship Deborah,
captain Edward Yard, arrived at the sort from Jeremie. By
the following answers to the official questions, prescribed by
law, it appears that she buried eight persons during her stay
there and passage home, and that the harbour of Jeremie was
sickly. 
Q. 1. What is the name of this vessel?
A. Ship Deborah.
Q. 2. What is the name of the captain?
A. Edward Yard.
Q. Where does your vessel belong to?
A. Philadelphia.
Q. 4. How many men belong to this vessel?
A. Thirty-seven.
Q. 5. How many passengers have you brought with you?
Are they now all on board? And if not, where were they
landed?
A. Fifty-eight, on board, landed none.
Q. 6. When did the vessel enter on her voyage?
A. February 7th.

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Q. 7. At what port have you taken in the cargo, which
you have now on board? And when did you sail from the
same?
A. Port-au-Prince and Jeremie; left Jeremie 24th of
June.
Q. 8. What does your present cargo consist of?
A. Sugar, coffee and cocoa.
Q. 9. What ports or places have you touched at since you
have taken your last cargo? And when did you leave them?
A. None.
Q. 10. Have you touched at any sickly ports, places or
islands, during your voyage?
A. None.
Q. 11. How were the inhabitants and the people belong-
ing to the shipping of the port you have left or touched at,
during your voyage? Were they healthy, or not?
A. Healthy on shore, but sickly in the harbour.
Q. 12. Have you brought with you all the crew, which
you have taken out? If not, what has become of them?
A. Brought all the crew back but 13, Eight left me.
Q. 13. Have you lost any persons by diseases during your 
voyage? If so, when, in what place, and what was his or their
complaint?
A. Lost 5 with the dysentery: the first at Jeremie and the
last 24th June, seamen and three passengers.
Q. 14. Have you any wearing apparel or bedding belong-
ing to deceased persons on board?
A. Part of the wearing apparel of the above-mentioned 5
persons, the rest was sunk at sea.
Q. 15. What vessels have you met at sea, during your last
passage? What port were they from? Have you sent your
boat on board of them, or did they send their boats on board
of your vessel? Had they any sick on board?
A. Boarded the sloop Friendship: all well.
Q. 16. Yourself, your people and passengers, are they all
now in good health?
A. All well on board, but one Negro woman, with a fe-
ver and lax.
EDWARD YARD.
July 8th, 1798, 6 o'clock, P.M.
SWORN. James Hall, Residt. Phyn. Port.
Two ventilators were used on board the ship Deborah for
8 days. JAMES HALL.
Mr. William Allen, Health-Officer,}
No. 32, Walnut-street.}
F 

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While the ship Deborah rode quarantine, the following
sick persons were landed from her at the Marine Hospital,
viz.
A French black girl, admitted July 8th, died July 14.
John Lincoln, a seaman, admitted July 9th, died  Aug. 2.
Robert Stone, do. admitted July 9th, discharged July 12.
Wm. Wallworth, do. admitted July 10th, do. July 19.
Jonathan Farnham, do. admitted July 11, do. July 20.
Robert Price, do. admitted July 11th, do. July 12.
On the 16th of July, the Board of Health directed the
resident and consulting physicians, to examine the ship De-
borah, and report to them their opinion reflecting her con-
dition previous to the expiration of her quarantine, and to
cause the bedding and apparel of those who had died, to be
landed at the marine hospital for purification; accordingly,
on the 17th of the same month, Dr. Samuel Duffield, the
consulting physician, and Dr. James Hall, the resident physi-
cian, reported, that they had visited and carefully examined
the state of the ship Deborah, captain Yard, from Jeremie;
and had found the same remarkably clean, and the people on
board, in perfect health: Captain Yard informed them, that
he lost three of his people in Hispaniola, and two on his pas-
sage home; the last on the 24th of June, besides three pas-
sengers: one was a lady just from Europe: she died on the
2d of July, of a fever, which terminated in constant purging,
but without vomiting, or any uncommon yellowness of the
skin. A white child died on the 26th of June, and a Negro
child died on the 7th of July. The latter supposed to be
occasioned by a wound which it had received on the head, by
running against one of, the pikes. That the captain was of
opinion, that all his people who died, brought on their dis-
eases by intemperance, and by exposing themselves, when in
that state, to the rain and night air. That he further declar-
ed to them, that none of the people who died, either of his
crew or the passenger, had any thing like black vomiting,
extraordinary yellowness of the skin, or, as far as he was a-
ble to judge, with any of the striking symptoms of the yel-
low fever; and that their diseases were not communicated to
any other persons from any of those that died. That upon
considering the report of captain Yard, and comparing it
with the present very healthy appearance of the people on
board, none of whom appeared to them to have been affect-
ed by the diseases of those who died, and the number of per-
sons now on board (ninety-five) they were of opinion, that 

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the diseases of which the before-mentioned persons died,
were not of a contagious nature: That they were more con-
firmed in this opinion, from the state of the four persons be-
longing to that ship, who were then in the marine hospital,
none of whom exhibited any symptoms whatever of a conta-
gious or malignant nature: That they were also of opinion,
that the ship was now in a perfect and wholesome state; that
the people were free from every appearance of contagion:
that the bedding and cloathing of all the persons who died
in the vessel, had either been thrown overboard, or landed
at the hospital.
In consequence of this report, the Deborah was permitted
to proceed to the city; where she arrived on the 18th of Ju-
ly, and discharged her cargo near Race-street wharf.
Many circumstances have occurred to excite strong suspi-
cion that the contagion was imported in the ship Deborah.
In consequence of which, we have endeavoured, as far as is
in our power, to acquire a just knowledge of the most im-
portant facts relative thereto; and to state them with all
possible precision, that the public may be the better enabled
to form a correct judgment upon this important question.
The Deborah sailed from Philadelphia in February, 1798,
for Cape Nichola-Mole; where she arrived in March; in
April she sailed from thence to Port-au-Prince, from Port-
au-Prince to Jeremie, and from thence back to Philadelphia.
These places, which are in the island of Hispaniola or St.
Domingo, had long been garrisoned by British troops. In
consequence of which, they were more peculiarly adapted to
the generation of pestilential diseases.
Dr. Currie was informed by Mr. Lewis, the mate, that
previous to the Deborah's taking in her cargo, at Jeremie,
she was employed as a transport in the British service. That
the yellow fever prevailed in those places to which the Debo-
rah went is ascertained by captain Yard's answer to the official
question, No. 11. He also acknowledged "in conversation
"with a gentleman shortly after his arrival in Philadelphia,
"that while he lay at Jeremie, a very mortal disease was pre-  
"valent there, which the natives called the Maladie de Siam
"(a name by which the yellow fever is known in many parts
"of the West-Indies, particularly the French Islands) of
"which the captain and the chief part of the crew of an
"English ship, from Liverpool, died."*
*Currie's Memoirs, p. 132.

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The prevalence of the yellow fever in St. Domingo, at
that period, is further confirmed by the following letter to
Dr. Griffitts, from Dr. Edward Stevens, who was there
shortly after; and who is well acquainted with the disease,
viz.
"Sir,
"During my residence at Santo-Domingo and the Cape,
I received frequent information that the yellow fever prevail-
ed in almost all the sea-port towns in the French part of His-
paniola, particularly at Cape Nichola-Mole. It raged so vio-
lently at this latter place, and the mortality was so great,
that it obliged the British to abandon the post sooner than
they intended. About the same time this disease made its
appearance in the harbour of St. Thomas, and was so des-
tructive to foreigners, that it obtained the name of the plague
from all those who spoke of it. At Santo Domingo I saw
several cases of it, during the months of August and Septem-
ber. These were entirely confined to American seamen,
while the native inhabitants of the city were altogether ex-
empt from it. The privateers which frequented this port
lost aim several of their crew by this fever, while they re-
mained at anchor.
"I mentioned to you that a similar disease had broke out
on board of the schooner Swift, at Porto-Rico. The follow-
ing are the facts respecting that vessel, viz. On the 11th of
last March, she sailed from the Delaware, and, after touch-
ing at Tortola and St. Thomas, arrived at the city of Santo
Domingo on the 13th of April, where she continued until
the 26th of June, when, she went to the Cape, and returned
again on the 1st of August, without touching at any other
port. She remained at Santo Domingo until the 28th of
October, and then sailed for Porto-Rico, where she arrived
on the 5th of November. She anchored at the entrance
of the harbour, at a considerable distance from any other
vessel. A short time before she left the city of Santo Do-
mingo, she took on board, from a French privateer that had
been dismantled, a quantity of rigging, sails, guns and am-
munition. From the time that she left Philadelphia until
her arrival at Porto-Rico, the crew were healthy, except two
of the sailors, who were affected with venereal complaints.
The second day after she anchored at this latter port, the mate
and one of the sailors began to complain; and the greatest
part of the crew, together with the captain, were successive-
ly attacked. The two first died after a short illness, and one 

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of the others during her passage to America. The captain
escaped, in consequence of being brought on shore and care-
fully attended, at the commencement of the disorder. When
she arrived at Porto-Rico, and during her stay there, both
the harbour and city were remarkably healthy, and her crew
had little or no communication with either the shore or the
shipping. These are all the facts which have come to my
knowledge respecting the existence of this disease in the
West-Indies, during the last summer and fall.
EDWARD STEPHENS.
Walnut-street, December 26, 1798."
Deposition of Mr. John Boden, carpenter of the ship Deborah:
State of New-Jersey, city of Burlington, ss.
On the 27th August, 1798, before Joseph Bloomfield,
mayor of the city of Burlington, appeared John Boden, of
said city, ship-carpenter and free-holder in the same; and
being duly sworn, deposeth and saith, that on the 1st Dec.
1797, this deponent shipped himself as carpenter on board
the Deborah, Edward Yard, commander: that said ship sail-
ed from Philadelphia in February last, for Cape Nichola-
Mole, and arrived at said Cape about the middle of March;
from whence the said ship, in April last, went to Port-au-
Prince; while at Port-au-Prince, Henry Philips, one of the
sailors of said ship, was taken very ill with what is called
the yellow fever: that, during his illness, the said Henry
Philips told this deponent (and often times since) that he had
taken the yellow fever, in attendance upon a man of his ac-
quaintance, who had the yellow fever, and died on board an
English brig at Port-au-Prince, while the said Philips was
on board said brig, and with his said acquaintance. This
deponent further saith, that said Henry Philips has a wife in
Philadelphia; but is now on a voyage to Europe. That this
deponent assisted in nursing said Philips, while in the yellow
fever, as aforesaid, at Port-au-Prince, until this deponent
was seized (on the voyage of the Deborah to Jeremie) with
the same yellow fever, which this deponent believes he
caught of Philips: That, while at Jeremie, several of the
crew of the Deborah had the yellow fever; that Esdell, Ross
and several others of the crew died: That in June the De-
borah left Jeremie; that on her passage to Philadelphia, Mil-
ler, the boatswain, Brown, Smith and one other sailor, with
three passengers, died, as was generally believed, of the same 

(42)
fever: That while said ship was under quarantine at Fort-
Mifflin, no person of her crew died, to this deponent's know-
ledge; nor was any person permitted to go on board, or
on shore, to this deponent's knowledge, while riding qua-
rantine, except the Health-Officers and bargemen of the
yawl, which brought said Health-Officers on board: That
while the said ship was discharging her cargo, at Smith's
wharf, in Philadelphia, George Streeton, ship-carpenter, vi-
sited this deponent, and was about half an hour on board
said ship: That said George Streton has lately lost a son, as
this deponent has been informed, of the present prevailing
sickness in Philadelphia: That the said George Streeton has
removed from Philadelphia with his family, and now resides
in the Falls' township, in Bucks county; and further this de-
ponent saith not.
JOHN BODEN.
Sworn, as aforesaid, before
JOSEPH BLOOMFIELD, Mayor of Burlington.
The Deborah remained ten days at Smith's wharf, near
Race-street, discharging her cargo; and, on the 25th of July,
she was removed to Mr. Eyre's wharf, in Kensington, to be 
repaired. It was currently reported, and is generally be-
lieved, that Alexander Philips, late of Water-street, taylor,
with some other persons, from pecuniary motives, went down
in a boat, while the Deborah was riding quarantine, and
brought one or two sick persons from her to Philips's house*.
But, after a candid and judicial enquiry, we are of opinion,
that the assertion is unfounded, as will appear by the fol-
lowing documents, viz.
Declaration of Thomas Town, as published by the College of
Physicians.
"Mr. Thomas Town, citizen of the Northern Liberties,
Philadelphia, related to Dr. Wistar, that on the 1st of Au-
gust, 1798, he saw Alexander Philips, late of Water-street,
taylor, in Second-street, and inquired of him, whether it
was true (as reported) that he had brought up privately some
sick men from the ship Deborah, soon after her arrival in
the river, and had received ten dollars for so doing; and,
that Philips replied, that he had brought up two or three in
one or two boats. Mr. Town believes he said that he had
* Currie's Memoirs of the Yellow Fever, page 130 and 132. 

(43)
gone down as low as Marcus Hook. Philips said he had
taken some of them to his own house, and that one was
dead. He added, that he was sorry it had been done; that
he was sick himself, but hoped his complaint would turn
out a cold.
"He stated that he had done it as an act of friendship, in
return for favours received.
"On the Sunday morning following, Mr. Town was in-
vited to Philips's funeral.
"THOS. TOWN,
"CASPER WISTAR, Jun.
"Nov. 16th, 1708."
The following paper was given to Doctor William Currie, by
Mr. John Purdon, and published by the College of Physicians.
"Mr. Purdon says, that, on the afternoon of the 1st or
2d day of August, being at the house of Mr. Alexander
Philips, in Water-street, he was informed, in the course
of conversation, by Mr. Philips, that he himself had gone
down to a ship at the fort, and brought from thence one of
his old lodgers, then sick, to his own house in Water-street.
Mr. Purdon observed to him, with horror and astonishment,
that he had acted very wrong, and immediately departed
from his house. Mr. Philips, on that day, was apparently
in perfect health; on the Saturday night following he was
a corpse. Mr. Purdon was not informed by Mr. Philips
from what ship he had conveyed the sick man, but by Mr.
Isaac Milnor, a few weeks after, that it was from the ship
Deborah, and on the ninth night of her quarantine."
A letter from Mr. Edward Yard, late master of the ship Debo-
rah, to a member of the Academy of Medicine, published by the
Academy.
Philadelphia, January 11, 1799.
SIR,
"In answer to your request, I can assure you, that no
person, sick or well, were landed from the ship Deborah, on
her passage to this port, until her arrival off the marine hos-
pital, when those who were indisposed were taken on shore
by the resident physician.
"I arrived in the bay of the Delaware on the 7th of July,
in the afternoon; and anchored near the buoy of the brown.
I got under way from that place at four o'clock, on the 

(44)
morning of the 8th, with a fine breeze at S.S.E. and did
not anchor in the Delaware until half past five o'clock, P.M.
of the same day, nearly a-breast of the marine hospital. No
boat was along side of the ship, nor did any boys come on
board during that time; nor did any boys or men ever come
inside my ship during my quarantine, or since that time.
I am, Sir, &c.
EDWARD YARD."
Deposition of Abraham Snell, published by the
Academy of Medicine, viz.
Philadelphia, ss.
Personally before me, John Jennings, one of the alder-
men of the said city, appeared Abraham Snell; who
being duly sworn, doth depose and say, that on or about
the 10th day of July last, he went down the river in a boat,
in the company of the late Alexander Philips, with a view
of taking some articles to John Linkin, on board the ship
Deborah, then performing quarantine: when arrived with-
in hailing distance, we were informed that Linkin had been
taken on shore to the marine hospital. That neither he nor
Mr. Philips went on board the ship; nor did they bring up
any persons out of her. Further, that he boarded with Mr.
Philips from the 8th to the 18th of July, during which time
he knew of no sick persons having been brought to the
house.
ABRAHAM SNELL.
Sworn and subscribed before me,}
the 27th day of Dec. 1798.}
JOHN JENNINGS, ALDERMAN.
Deposition of Jane M'Farlin.
Jane M'Farlin, being fworn as aforesaid, doth depose and
say, that she lived with A. Philips, from 8th November,
1797, to 5th August, 1798, and knew of no sick persons
being brought into the house, during that time.
her
JANE X M'FARLIN.
mark.
Sworn and subscribed before me,}
the 27th day of Dec. 1798.}
JOHN JENNINGS, ALDERMAN.

(45)
Deposition of Mary Philips.
Mary Philips, widow of the late Alexander, being also
sworn, doth depose and say, that no sick persons were brought
into her house by her husband, or any other person, during
the last summer. Farther, that no person from the Deborah
boarded in her house, except Jonathan Farthingham, who
had been sick and discharged (cured) from the Marine Hos-
pital, after the ship arrived in the city.
MARY PHILIPS.
Sworn and subscribed before me,}
the 27th day of Dec. 1798.}
JOHN JENNINGS, ALDERMAN.
Extract from Dr. Carrie's defence of  the opinions of the
College of Physicians.
"To weaken, and, as far as in their power, to invalidate the
opinion of the College respecting the origin of the disease in
Philadelphia last year, the Academy have brought forward
the testimony of several persons in some degree interested in
disguising, or at least withholding some part of the truth.
These go to prove that the declaration of Alexander Philips,
who told Messrs. Towne and Purdon, severally, and at dif-
ferent times, that he had brought sick persons to his house,
was false. Mr. Purdon had called on Philips to request pay-
ment of an account he owed him—Philips assured him that
he would pay him in a few days, as he had been down the
river and brought up an old lodger, whom he had occasion for
as a witness, but that he was then sick."
"That Philips had a man, belonging to the Deborah, sick
in his house, at the time he was sick himself, is certain from
the testimony of Dr. Griffitts, who prescribed for him."
There was no instance of the fever being in Kensington
until the Deborah went there, nor was it in any case known
to be contagious before her arrival. The people belonging to
her, labourers who assisted to unload her, carpenters who re-
paired her, and others who visited her, were the first who
wese attacked with the disease; indeed, a very considerable
proportion of the first cases have been traced to this vessel.
[See the recapitulation at the end of this chapter.]
It is probable that the contagion was imported from the
West-Indies in other vessels besides the Deborah. On the
21st of July, the schooner Aurora, with eleven passengers,
G 

(46)
and fourteen seamen, and the Ariel, with twenty-two passen-
gers, and twelve seamen, arrived at the fort from Cape-Ni-
chola-Mole. Two passengers died on board the Aurora, dur-
ing her passage. She was boarded in the bay of Delaware,
on the 16th of July, by James Nagglee, pilot. Then it rain-
ed. He got wet, and in that state, he slept upon the deck.
He also slept upon the deck on the 19th, exposed to the sun;
and on the 22d, he complained of pains in his legs and feet.
He was taken to the Marine Hospital, on State-Island, on the
23d, and died (July 28th)—the fifth day after his admission.
Previous to his death, he became delirious, vomited blood,
and bled at the nose.
The mate of the Aurora also died at the Marine Hospital.
When he was admitted, he had a swelling in his groin, ac-
companied with sores in sundry other parts of his body—par-
ticularly his head; but, upon examination, he denied that it
was lues venera. When landed, he walked up to the hospital,
and did not appear to have a high fever; but, the day after,
he was suddenly taken with a convulsion fit, and died deliri-
ous on the sixth day after his admission.
The Ariel was boarded by James Roland, pilot, on the 16th
of July; he slept in the mate's birth, and was not exposed
to the bad weather. He was a very temperate, sober man.
On the 25th, he complained of a severe pain in the head, and
was sent to the Marine Hospital on the 26th. When admit-
ted, he had a slow fever, and complained of great weakness.
He died on the third day after his admission. Previous to
death, he was affected with the hickup, oppression of the
breast, and heavy breathing. He bled once at the mouth,
and his skin was yellow.
These circumstances induced the Board of Health, to pro-
long the quarantine of the Aurora and Ariel to twenty days;
during which, they were well cleansed, washed with vinegar,
white-washed, and had two of Wynkoop's ventilators work-
ing on board. They came to the city on the 10th of August.
On the 19th of July, the brig Mary arrived at the fort from
Kingston, Jamaica, with six passengers and twenty-two sea-
men. After ten days quarantine, she came up to the city,
(July 29) and began to discharge her cargo, consisting of cof-
fee and cocoa, at Ross and Simpson's wharf, below Wal-
nut-street. Part of the cargo was much damaged, and in a
putrid state. Several sudden deaths occurred about this
time in the neighbourhood, and the inhabitants were alarmed. 

(47)
In consequence, information was lodged at the health-office,
purporting that the coffee and cocoa, landed from said brig,
and stored at Ross and Simpson's, was in a putrid state, and
extremely offensive. Likewise, that a store in the same block
of buildings, belonging to Mr. Dawson, contained a quantity of
hides, in a putrid and offensive condition. That Mr. Dawson
had died that morning of a fever, which had excited great
alarm in that neighbourhood, and that his daughter was ill of
the same fever. In consequence of this report, the mayor, by
request of the board, caused all the coffee to be returned on
board the brig; and ordered, that she should be removed from
the wharf opposite to the Wind-Mill island; from whence
she was, together with all the hands who worked on board,
removed to State-island, where the articles were landed for
purification, and the vessel carefully cleansed.
The Academy of Medicine, in their communication to the
Board of Health, of the 8th of August, say, that they derive
the rapid progress of the fever, during the first week of Au-
gust, to the foul air of several ships lately arrived in the port,
and from the damaged coffee of the above vessel. But, as
the disease had made some progress before the arrival of the
bring Mary, it could not, therefore, have proceeded from her
alone.
The consulting physician, on the 25th of July, intimated
to the Board of Health, that two strangers, who had arrived
at a tavern in Front-street, were lying sick; and, on the 30th
of the same month, Christopher Holmes, from Penn-street,
was sent to the Marine hospital; that the house was ordered to
be cleansed, and the bedding and apparel removed to the City
Hospital for purification. The same day, a report was made
to the board, by Mr. James Yard and Dr. Samuel Duffield,
stating, that George Ralston, who had laboured on board the
Deborah, died that day, after a short illness. A letter from
Dr. Hall, the same day, mentioned the death of a person, who
was taken to the Marine Hospital from the ship Nestor.
The number of deaths and new cases of the fever, which
daily increased from the 28th of July to the 6th of August,
alarmed the citizens, and became a general topic of conver-
sation. The college of Physicians met on the sixth of Au
gust: at which time about 26 cases of the fever were known
to exist in the city. After conferring together, they unani-
mously agreed to the following resolutions; which were im-
mediately communicated to the Board of Health: 

(48)
"Resolved, That the College inform the Board of Health,
that a malignant contagious fever has made its appearance
in Water-street, between Walnut and Spruce-streets, and in
the vicinity thereof: and
"That the College recommend to the Board of Health to
procure the removal of all the families that are situated be-
tween Walnut and Spruce-streets, and the east side of Front
street and the river; and to have all the shipping, lying be-
tween Walnut and Spruce-streets removed to a proper dis-
tance from the city."
In consequence of this communication from the College,
the Board of Health met, and on the 7th, they published the
following recommendation, viz.
"Health-Office, 7th August, 1798.
"Whereas, the Board of Managers of the Marine and City
Hospitals of the port and city of Philadelphia, having received
information from the College of Physicians, "that a malig-
nant contagious fever has made its appearance in Water-
street, between Walnut and Spruce-streets, and in the vicinity
thereof;"—and the reports of Dr. Samuel Duffield and Dr.
Parke, appointed particularly to examine that part of the
city, specifying the particular cases found therein—Therefore,
resolved, that in order to prevent, as much as possible, all com-
munication with that part of the city, that the health-officer
cause the vessels now lying at the wharves between Tun-alley
and Jesse and Robert Waln's wharf, including the said wharf,
to be removed, and that no vessel of any description what-
ever be suffered to come to the said wharves until the further
order of the board.
"The board also earnestly recommend to the inhabitants of
that part of the city, included between Walnut and Spruce-
streets, and the east side of Front-street and the river, and also
those immediately in the vicinity thereof, to remove without
the bounds of the city and Liberties as speedily as possible.
"By order of the Board of Managers,
"WILLIAM JONES, President.
"ATTEST,
"TIMOTHY PAXSON, Clerk."
The vessels were accordingly removed from the wharves
above specified. But, instead of being "removed to a pro-
per distance from the city," as recommended by the College,
they were distributed to the other wharves. Most of them 

(49)
were sent to the upper parts of the city. The brig Mary,
who brought the damaged coffee, &c. was the only vessel
which was removed from the city. Perhaps from this cause
it was, that the disease, soon afterwards, so rapidly spread, and
produced such a general depopulation. Another circum-
stance which may have aided its spreading, ought not to pass
unnoticed: a quantity of the damaged coffee, before mention-
ed, was scattered on the wharf, which the itinerant poor un-
fortunately gathered up; and thus, probably, carried home
the instrument of their destruction!
The removal of the inhabitants, from the city, was earnest-
ly recommended in the daily papers; nor was any time lost
in communicating the cause for alarm. The following com-
munication, recommending provision for the removal of the
poor, is extracted from Porcupine's Gazette, of August 7th,
viz.
"The yellow fever is in this city. It is now come out,
that it made its appearance about a week ago. Several per-
sons are dead with it, and, according to all the accounts I
have heard, it spreads with greater rapidity than it did last
year.
"A number of stories, with regard to its origin, are, as
usual, on foot; but, I believe, the best way would be to lay
aside all vain disputes on this subject, and prepaid, as quick
as possible, to make provision for removing those who have
not the means of removing themselves, to situations more
healthy."
The Philadelphia Gazette, on the same day, contained the
following
"Communication-An immediate attention to the advice
of the board of health, in evacuating the infected quarter is,
perhaps, the only measure by which our unfortunate city can
be rescued from increasing affliction. Individual interest
should yield to a temporary sacrifice, in order to avert the
public calamity. It is a duty every citizen owes to the com-
munity, as vessel as to himself, to be vigilant in removing the
objects, and thereby impeding the progress of contagion.
"To those who necessarily remain in the city, it is almost
superfluous to intimate the necessity of avoiding those parts
where the contagion prevails. A sentiment of self-preserva-
tion, if not of duty to society, will be a sufficient restraint.-
Under the favor of heaven, and our own precaution, we may
then hope to be soon restored to health, prosperity, and hap-
piness." 

(50)
The Academy of Medicine met on the 8th of August, to
communicate their sentiments to the Board of Health: they
presented the following document, which was published for
the information of the public, viz.
"THE Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia, having
taken into consideration the existence of a malignant bilious fe-
ver in this city, have conceived it to be their duty to lay before
the managers of the Marine and City Hospitals, the following
facts respecting its origin, and the means of checking its pro-
gress.
"We have, upon inquiry, discovered that a case of this
fever existed in the city on the 6th of June, and that several
cases of it existed in July, in parts of the city remote from the
river, and wholly unconnected with each other. They ap-
peared to originate from the putrid exhalations of alleys and
gutters, and docks, and from the stagnating water in the
neighbourhood of the city. We derive the late rapid increase
of the fever from the foul air of several ships lately arrived in
the port, and from some damaged coffee which arrived, in a
brig from Jamaica on the 29th of July. In the course of our
inquiries into the origin of the fever, we did not meet with
a single fact that could support the opinion of contagion be-
ing imported in the bodies or clothes of sick people in the
ships or vessels which lie between Walnut and Spruce
streets, where the disease has prevailed most. Many respect-
able modern authorities assert that the yellow fever is not con-
tagious in the West-Indies, and repeated observations satisfy
us, that it is rarely so during the warm weather in the United
States. None of the cases we have as yet seen, have propa-
gated it, and we conceive it to be an error as absurd, in its
nature, as it has been fatal in its operation upon the city of
Philadelphia, that the contagion of a disease should adhere to
the timber of a ship after a sea voyage, and should spread from
the timber of the ship without contact through an extensive
neighbourhood, and cease to communicate itself afterwards
by long and close connection of the sick with their families
and attendants. We lament that this fact, together with
many others upon the nature and origin of the yellow fever,
which were stated in our letter to the Governor, on the 1st
of December, 1797, and by him laid before the legislature of
the state, have been treated with total neglect in the present
health law: the distress we felt upon seeing that law is, how-
ever, much alleviated by the reflection, that we have not con-                

(51)
tributed, in any degree, by supporting an erroneous opinion,
to reproduce the present alarming calamity of our city.
"We beg leave to recommend for the purpose of check-
ing the progress of the fever, an attention to the following
directions:
"1st. The removal of all the families from those parts of
the city where the disease, from the contamination of the at-
mosphere, appears chiefly to exist, and the preventing those
parts being visited by the citizens.
"2dly. The removal of all ships and putrid articles of
commerce from the wharves and stores of the city.
"3dly. The cleaning of the docks, wharves, yards and
cellars; also the washing of the gutters every day, and of the
streets and alleys three times a week, by means of pumps and
fire engines.
"4thly. The appointment of a sufficient number of phy-
sicians to take care of such of the poor as may be affected with
the fever.
"5thly. Publicly to advise the citizens to avoid all the
usual exciting causes of fever, such as intemperance, fatigue,
excessive heat, the night air, all violent and debilitating pas-
sions of the mind.
"6thly. To advise them, in every case of indisposition,
however slight in appearance, to apply immediately for me-
dical aid.
"Signed by order of the Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia,
"PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK, President.
"FRANCIS BOWES SAYRE, Sec'ry."
The City Hospital was now opened for the reception of the
sick, and, on the 9th, the board of health gave public intima-
tion, "that on a certificate being presented to the Health-offi-
cer, from any regular practising physician, stating any person
to be afflicted with a contagious disorder, he is directed to
grant an order, and have them removed to the City Hospital."
From the 1st to the 8th of August, the total number of
deaths in the City and Liberties, was fifty-three: four sick
persons were admitted into the City-Hospital on the 8th; nine
persons on the 9th, and eleven on the 10th. The deaths and
new cases daily became more numerous; the alarm increas-
ed, and the flight of the inhabitants was now general. 

(52)
Recapitulation of the principal occurrences previous to the 9th of
August, and dates of the first cases.
1798.
April 4. Health Law enacted.
May 1. Board of Health elected—the law commences.
28. The Board are informed that persons and goods are
landed from the vessels under quarantine, in viola-
tion of the law.
June 5. Benjamin Jones died—See page 36.
6. Mary Wrigglesworth has the fever—See appendix,
page xx.
11. Rebecca Trested has the fever—See append, p. xx.
12. Two persons violate the Health law, by going on
board a vessel under quarantine.
16. The Board are informed that persons and goods had
been landed from vessels, in the state of Delaware,
previous to reaching the place of quarantine, and
from thence brought to the city.
27. Eliza Curran has the fever—See appendix, p. xx.
July 2. Mark Miller died of the yellow fever-See p. 35.
Molly Zeller has the fever—See appendix, p. xx.
5. Three hundred and forty-three persons arrive in the
city, from places in the West-Indies, where the
yellow fever raged—See pages 31 and 39.
8. Ship Deborah arrived at the fort.
11. Miss Byrne has the fever—See appendix, p. xx.
12. Mr. Vannost has the fever—See appendix, p. xx.
18. The Deborah arrives at Race-street wharf.
25. George Ralston, a labourer on board the Deborah,
attacked with the fever—died.
26. A ship carpenter, who worked on the Deborah, and
lodged at A. Thompson's, Water-street, dies of
the yellow fever.
28. Another of A. Thompson's lodgers dies of the yel-
low fever—The fever was not in any instance known
to be infectious previous to this date—The Deborah re-
moves to Kensington.
31. Mr. David Jamie, another of A. Thompson's lodg-
ers, takes the fever—and on the 5th of August A.
Thompson's child was attacked.
Aug. 1. A. Philips, next house to A. Thompson, attacked—
died the 4th—James Porter, next door to George
Streeton, attacked—died.

(53)
Aug. 2. John Butcher, who worked on board the Deborah,
attacked—James Ashmore, apprentice to Mr. Yard,
worked on board the Deborah, attacked—died.—
James Kerr, George Adams, and-Simons,
also apprentices to Mr. Yard, were all attacked a
few days after Ashmore.
3. Two labourers from the Deborah, named Sutton,
attacked—one died-Samuel Baker, Daniel de
Benneville, Catherine Pecky, Mrs. Benneville,
Joshua Baker, and Jacob Miller, were attacked
previous to the 9th August, and had either been by
the Deborah, or nigh some persons sick of the fe-
ver—three of them died.-John Saunders, near
where the brig Mary was unloading the damaged
coffee, attacked.
6. The College of Physicians meet, and report 26 cases
of the yellow fever.
7. The Board of Health make public, the existence of
the yellow fever in the city—City Hospital opened.
8. The Academy of Medicine present their opinion to
the Board of Health, see page 50—four persons
admitted into the City Hospital.
9. Nine persons admitted into the City-Hospital
H 

(54)
CHAPTER III.
The disease increases—City deserted—Arrangements for the re-
moval of the sick to the City Hospital—Burial of the dead—
Care of the sick poor in the City—Want of success at the City
Hospital—Removal of the poor to tents—Prospect of the City
at the crisis of the disease—Decline of the disease, &c.—State
of the City from the commencement to the decline of the cala-
mity.
ABOUT the beginning of August, the news-papers an-
nounced the uncommon healthiness of the city; a circum-
stance which has occurred towards the beginning of that pesti-
lence in almost every city of the United States, where it has
appeared. It was the case with Philadelphia, New-York, and
Baltimore, in 1797; and with Philadelphia, Boston, New-
York, and some other towns, this year. Even, on the first ap-
pearance of the disease, we have been congratulated for the
uncommon health of the city. Declarations of uncommon
health, at this season, will, perhaps, hereafter, be looked upon
as an omen of disease.
The publications of the College of Physicians, the Board
of Health, and the Academy of Medicine, on the sixth, se-
venth, and eighth days of August, produced the most serious
alarm amongst all classes of citizens. Numbers fled, and
crouded into the surrounding towns and country, to the dis-
tance of twenty, thirty, and even fifty miles from the city, to
provide refuge for their families and friends. The removals
from the city were much more general and more rapid than
in 1793. It is probable, that at least twice, if not three times
the number of persons fled this year, as at any former
period. Many who had been witnesses to the distresses of
1793 and 1797, and appeared then the most undaunted, were
now the first to remove from danger. For the first three weeks
after the alarm, the streets were crouded with waggons and
carts, loaded with goods and furniture. Forty or fifty wag-
gons, besides carts, have been seen in their route to the coun- 

(55)
try, in one direction. One square, in the centre of the city,
where, in 1793, there removed only about twenty-five
persons, in 1798, there were above one hundred and forty. The
dispersion began about the sixth and eighth of August, and,
altho' most numerous in the two succeeding weeks, they
continued partially until the middle of September. Many,
who at the beginning, when the disease was confined to parti-
cular parts of the city, had adopted the resolution of staying,
and confining themselves to their houses, were afterwards in-
duced to remove; because, the disease approached either their
doors or neighbourhood. The number who fled from the city
have been estimated at three-fourths to five-sixths of the whole
inhabitants: the total number of inhabitants have been esti-
mated at fifty to seventy thousand. We have estimated them*
at fifty-five to sixty thousand; and we think it probable, that
about forty thousand may have removed from the city.
In 1793, our citizens complained of inhospitality in the
country, arising principally from the terror created by the
novelty of the disorder. Then it was believed to be as contagi-
ous in the country as in the unfortunate city, which poured
forth its fugitives in every direction. It was not, therefore,
to be wondered, that our citizens were shunned, as if even
their approach carried inevitable destruction. To repel
supposed dangers, guards were stationed, with arms, to stop
the flight of the wanderers. They were then refused the neces-
saries of life; and, in many instances, they died for want. Many
could not always procure a comfortable lodging. The case
was rather different this year. An idea, now prevailed,
grounded upon the experience of 1793 and 1797, that the
disorder was not communicable in the country; in conse-
quence of which, there was less difficulty made to the recep-
tion of our citizens. Throughout the country, the houses
were generally open for them: accommodations were fur-
nished at reasonable rates: the extortions practised were few.
There were some however, signalized by avarice.
Altho' accommodations were generally afforded reason-
able still the sufferings of our citizens were very consider-
able. Many persons, accustomed to spacious houses, and all the
comforts and luxuries which Philadelphia could furnish, were
obliged to content themselves with, perhaps, one small room,
wherein two, three or four beds were crouded together; be-
sides this, in some situations remote from markets, the fare
*Page 8. 

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was very coarse; and, in some places, not abundant. Instan-
ces have occurred, of women, in a state of parturition, in bleak,
desolate rooms, almost without assistance.
The Health Office was removed from Walnut street to the
City Hall, where it was kept open, night and day. The
City-Tavern was shut up, and the different public offices,
banks, &c. were removed, either to the remoter parts of
the city, to Germantown, Trenton, Chester, &c. &c.
Meantime, the disease continued to increase, and appeared
in parts of the city, remote from where it first was discover-
ed. The number of deaths in the city and suburbs was col-
lected for the newspapers, and published daily. The returns
of the City-Hospital were also regularly reported; and, after
the 15th of August, a daily report of the new cases was pub-
lished, collected from the different physicians, by Mr. JOHN
JARVIS, who was employed by the Board of Health for that
purpose. These reports were a index by which the citizens
were enabled, with some degree of certainty, to judge of its
progress, extension and decline. The arrangements of the
Board of Health, for the removal of the sick, interment of
the dead, &c. were judicious and early. They empowered
all the regular practising physicians to grant orders for ad-
mission into the City Hospital, and coaches were provided
by the Board for that purpose.—At the Hospital burying-
ground, graves were always ready: the grave-diggers re-
mained day and night in the yard.—When a person died, it
was only necessary to make application at the Health-Office,
where hearses and coffins were in readiness to convey the
corpse to the grave. The patients in the City. Hospital were
placed under the management of Dr. Philip Syng Physick,
and Dr. Samuel Cooper. They resided there constantly, and
were furnished with two assistants;—a competant number of
nurses and attendants, with medicine, and every thing ne-
cessary for the comfort and relief of the sick;—nor were
the poor, who were sick in the city, neglected: skilful physi-
cians were appointed to attend them, and medicines provid-
ed for their use, at the expense of the public. The north part
of the city, and the Northern-Liberties, were placed under
the care of Dr. Francis Bowes Sayre, Dr. James Mease, and
Dr. Kinlaid: Southwark, and the south part of the city, were
attended by Dr. John Church and Dr. Benjamin Duffield;
and the poor of the city were attended by Dr. Samuel Duf-
field:
In the early period of the calamity, the disease assumed a 

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more malignant form, than it did in '93 or '97, and very
great mortality took place: not one in six cases now reco-
vered. Several of the physicians announced their intention of
leaving the city—perhaps, urged by the recollection of the
great mortality among physicians the year previous.—An
idea that it was the plague, and incurable, was generally
propagated and believed: Nurses were with difficulty procu-
red, perhaps from the experience of '97, which proved, that
the native blacks were not more exempt from the disease than
the whites.-An almost universal antipathy to the City Hos-
pital prevailed. The terror of being forceably sent there, pre-
vented many from acknowledging their sickness, until they
were unable to conceal it; and scarcely one patient in ten
would acknowledge that this disease was the prevailing fever.
This operated in producing a delay in calling for medical
assistance, until that period, when it was difficult to overcome
it by the power of medicine. A want of confidence likewise
prevented many from applying to a physician for advice.
They were convinced, from experience, that in jarring
opinions, humanity is often lost sight of, by an obstinate ad-
herence to error: in the former years, the medical pen was,
in many instances, dipped in gall. "The several combatants
took their peculiar grounds, and disdained, in too many
cases, to save the life of a human being, by following any
other suggestions than their own. They distracted the public
mind, and shook all confidence in medical assistance."
But, the reverse of this was exhibited this season; and it
was truly agreeable, to observe the harmony that prevailed
among the physicians in this period of sickness and distress.
They all agreed in advising their friends to leave the city;
altho' they "derived" the disease from different causes. The
practise of the one, therefore, became more assimilated to that
of the other.
The Board of Health, impressed with a sense of the con-
sequences of delaying to apply for medical aid, on the 13th
of August, published the following recommendation:
"Health-Office. The Board of Managers of the Marine
and City Hospitals have observed, with deep regret, the fatal
consequences of delay in the applications for medical aid,, to
persons afflicted with the prevailing malignant fever, and
that the removal of patients to the City Hospital, in many
cases, is procrastinated until they are literally sent there to
die.
"They recommend, in the most earned, manner, the ear-
ly removal of patients to the City Hospital,-where, the pub- 

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lic may be assured, that every possible comfort and accommo-
dation will be afforded.—The public are informed, that the
care of the patients, and management of  the City-Hospital,
is committed to Doctor Physick and Doctor Cooper, who
reside constantly there, and whose professional eminence, it
is presumed, will ensure a just confidence.
"An apothecary also resides at the Hospital, with an am-
ple store of the best medicines.
"The Board consider this recommendation as of the high-
est importance, and entreat the attention of their fellow-citi-
zens.
"By order of the Board of managers:
"Wm. Jones, President."
Notwithstanding this recommendation, the fatal effects of
delay in calling in the aid of medicine, daily became more  
numerous; in consequence, the Board, on the 18th of Au-
gust, repeated their admonition in the following publication:
"The malignity of the prevailing fever, and its insidious
approaches, are such, as to refill the power of medicine, un-
less application is made in the first instance of complaint.—
The Board lament that their recommendation has not been
attended to; as, in most instances, the patients have been ill
three or four days previous to application for medical aid;
to which, in a great degree, is to be attributed, the deaths of
many valuable members of society. The Board reiterate their
call to their fellow-citizens, and earnestly request, that not a
moment may be delayed in obtaining medical assistance."
The unparalleled mortality which occurred in the City
Hospital, the first five days after it was opened, alarmed Doc-
tors Physick and Cooper, the resident physicians. Thirty-one
patients had been admitted, of which ten died, and none had
as yet recovered; in consequence of which, they addressed the
following letter to doctor Rush:
City Hospital, August 12, 1798.
DEAR DOCTOR,
Our want of success in treating the prevailing disease,
makes us anxious to hear from you, in hopes you may have
added some new and useful remedy to those heretofore in use.
It is true, all our patients have been sick, at least two, and
some of them nine days previously to their admission. Is there
any mode of relieving these unfortunate people, which you
can suppose we are unacquainted with? We recollect your 

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observing, that an emetic had been useful, after the disease
appeared to be mitigated by bleeding. If you can spare a
few minutes to write to us, on these subjects, you will much
oblige your sincere friends, &c.
PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK.
SAMUEL COOPER.
Dr. Benjamin Rush.
THE ANSWER.
My dear and worthy Friends,
I am sorry to discover, by your letter, your want of suc-
cess in the treatment of our malignant fever, at the City
Hospital. I do not wonder at it: you seldom see the disease
in is first stage; and, when you do, you meet it in an aggra-
vated state, by the motion your patients undergo in being con-
veyed to the Hospital.
In answer to your request, I have sat down to inform you
of the practice which I have adopted in our present epidemic.
In the treatment of the yellow fever of last year, I have oc-
casionally lamented the loss of patients after reducing the
pulse by bleeding, and by the liberal use of purging medi-
cines. I have suspected that death occurred in those cases,
from the stagnation of acrid bile in the gall-bladder, or its
close adherence to the upper bowels, in the manner described
by Dr. Mitchell, in his account of the yellow fever in Vir-
gina, in the year 1741. The slow pulse which occurs about
the 4th day, I suspect further to be the effect of this bile. Its
effects in a much less morbid state in the jaundice, in reduc-
ing the pulse, is well known. Mr. John Hunter says, he once
met with an instance in which it fell to thirty-two strokes in a
minute in that disease. Revolving these fact in my mind, I
resolved to try to remove this bile, by exciting an artificial
cholera morbus, about the 4th day of the fever. I was the more
disposed to attempt this method of cure, from believing, as
I have done for several years, that a Cholera Morbus is no-
thing but the first grade of billious fever thrown in upon the
bowels, just as the Dysentery and Diarrhœa are the internal
forms of a common billious or intermitting fever.
I began this mode of treating the fever eights day ago.
My solicitude for the issue of it was very great. Thank God,
it has succeded to my wishes; and thereby lessoned, in a great
degree, the anxiety and distress which accompany our at-
tendance upon this ferocious disease. The medicines I use
for shaking the gall-bladder and bowels, and discharging the 

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contents are, tartar-emetic, gamboge, jalap and calomel,
combined, or given separately, and in small or large doses,
according to circumstances. Perhaps Turpeth mineral might
be added to this list of vomiting and purging medicines with
advantage. In one case, I gave four grains of tartar-emetic,
and twenty of calomel. It operated freely upwards and down-
wards, and brought away a large quantity of green and black
bile, but without exciting the least cramp or pain in the
stomach or bowels. At the time I gave it, death appeared to
be creeping upon the patient. The next day he was out of
danger. The person thus rescued from the grave, was the son
of Mr. Richard Renshaw. Indeed, I have not, as yet, lost a
single patient to whom I have given this powerful remedy.
In one instance I fear it will fail. It is in a boy of sixteen
years of age, to whom I have given near thirty grains of tar-
tar-emetic in the course of a few hours, without producing
the least evacuation from his stomach or bowels. I have ob-
served the same increase of strength after its operation, that
we observe after bleeding and purging in the beginning of the
fever.
Vomits are old remedies in the yellow fever of the West-
Indies. I gave them on the first day of the disease in the year
1793, and always without success. They uniformly did harm,
when given in the beginning of the fever, in its worst grade,
in 1797. The reason of this failure in their efficacy, I now
perceive was, because they were given before the violent
morbid action in the system was reduced or moderated by
bleeding and purging. After this change is induced in the
disease, they are perfectly safe. The time for exhibiting them
should be regulated by the pulse, and other symptoms. In
moderate cases of the fever, they are as proper in its first
stage, as on the fourth day. As there is a blistering point in
all fevers, so there appears to be an emetic point in the yellow
fever. It may occur on the second, and it may be protracted
to the sixth or seventh day of the disease. I have not given the
medicine I have mentioned in any case where the patient com-
plained of pain or burning in the stomach; but, I have con-
sidered a nausea, and a moderate degree of puking, as no ob-
stacle to its use; for, Dr. Physick has taught me by his dissec-
tions, that these symptoms may exist without the least infla-
mation in the stomach, and that they have been absent where
the stomach has appeared after death to have been highly in-
flamed.
The cure of the fever should not rest upon a single dose of 

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the medicine. I have given two doses of it in a day in several
cases, and have given it in one case, every day for three suc-
cessive days.
It has often been remarked, that no two epidemics are ex-
actly alike. They vary not only in different climates, but in
the same climate in different years. They even vary with the
changes of the weather in the same season. The fever of 1797
differed in several particulars from the fever of 1793, and the
present epidemic differs materially from both. In many of the
cases I have seen, it exceeds the fever of last year in its ma-
lignity. These variations in diseases call for corresponding
changes in our practice.
I have communicated an account of the time and manner of
discharging the contents of the gall-bladder and bowels to se-
veral of our brethren. I ardently hope it may be universally
successful in their hands!
If any thing new occurs in your practice in the Hospital, do
me the favor of informing me of it.
With best wishes for your health and success in your pre-
sent arduous situation, I am your sincere friend,
BENJAMIN RUSH.
Doctors PHYSICK and COOPER.
August 13, '98.
The following remarks, attempting to prove that the disease
is contagious, is taken from the Philadelphia Gazette:
"The present alarming situation of our city, is, alas! tru-
ly deplorable—almost in a general state of infection with a
disease, to whose virulence, medicinal skill is lamentably com-
pelled to acknowledge its inferiority! Former experience is
rendered, in a great measure, useless, by the very material dif-
ference in the nature of the disease.—The most copious bleed-
ing, and the most violent purgatives have been found ineffec-
tual; and the success that will attend the new system of emp-
tying the gall-bladder, is, at least, problematical. With regard
to the opinion of the non-contagion of the disorder, I have
very great reason to doubt it. I have known, lately, several in-
stances, that could not be accounted for upon any other prin-
ciple than that of contagion. The most striking of the cases I
allude to, is, where several of a family, living in a healthy
and uninfected part of the city, took the disorder from a per-
son in the family, whom they had for several days closely at-
tended; without having themselves been in any part of the
city that could even have been supposed to be infected. I 
I

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would caution my fellow-citizens not to trust too implicitly to
this fatal opinion, which his been so industriously propagated.
A confidence in it, in case it should happen to be erroneous,
may prove the destruction of thousands, while, by acting un-
der a disbelief of it, and using every possible precaution, many
lives may be preserved. It is at least doubtful whether it is, or
is not, contagious; and there being a doubt, I think the wi-
sest course to be pursued is obvious: I would advise my friends,
to avoid, as much as possible, exposing themselves to the night
air, or morning fogs; nothing tending more effectually to
predispose the body to infection."
Many persons who had gone into the country for safety,
were afterwards seized with the fever. It is more than proba-
ble that they had imbibed the contagion before they left the
city. In consequence, the Board of Health, on the 22d of Au-
gust, authorised the physicians to receive into the Hospital,
all such persons as came from the country. There were now
about fifty patients in the Hospital: the new cases amounted
to about forty, and the deaths, to above thirty, per day.—The
difficulty of procuring nurses to attend the sick, induced the
Board of Health, to solicit such persons, of good character, as
were willing and qualified for that office, to leave their ad-
dress at the Health Office; where citizens, who required them,
were invited to apply.
The sufferings of the poor, and, indeed of many others in
middling circumstances of life, were extreme: deprived, as
they were, of all employment, and unable to procure money
from those who owed them;—a stagnation to trade and other
causes, rendered them incapable of removing their families
to the country; and many of them were almost, literally,
starving: even the resources of credit were not left; as there
were very few stores open, or bakers who remained in town.
In this crisis, the Guardians of the Poor liberally stepped for-
ward; and, in junction with the Board of Health, erected
tents on the east bank of the river Schuylkill; to which they
invited the citizens to remove with their families. There
were also tents afterwards erected at Masters' Place, for the
same laudable purpose; and provision was made for the relief
of the poor in the city, whose situations prevented them from
removing.
The following are the names of the physicians who re-
mained in town, at this trying period:
Dr. Rush, Dr. Mease,
Dr. Griffitts, Dr. Wistar, 

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Dr. Gallaher, Dr. B. Duffield,
Dr. Caldwell, Dr. Park,
Dr. Harris, Dr. Stuart,
Dr. Connover, Dr. Strong,
Dr. Proudfit, Dr. Biglow,
Dr. Leib, Dr. Kinlaid,
Dr. Church, Dr. Pfieffer,
Dr. Boys, Dr. Yeatman,
Dr. S. Duffield, Dr. Trexo.
French Physicians.
Dr. Munges, Dr. Laroche,
Dr. Pascallis, Dr. Devivier.
Names of the members of the Board of Health, who con-
tinued to meet and transact business:
William Jones, Isaac Price,
William Penrose, John Watson,
William Linnard, John Inskeep,
William Dawson, Timothy Paxson,
James Oldden, Joseph Eastburn.
William Allen, Health-Officer.
William Nesbitt, Clerk to the Health-Office.
The two latter gentlemen were in this dangerous occupa-
tion in the years 1793 and 1797.
The increased malignity of the disease, together with the
extreme distresses of the poor, induced the Board of Health to
present the following pathetic address to the public:
Health-Office, September 1, 1798.
Fellow-Citizens,
Impelled by the awful progress and unparalleled malignity
of the prevailing fever, we are constrained to address your
feelings, as well as your reason, in order to avert the fatal des-
truction, which, with rapid strides, is pervading our ill-fated
city and suburbs.
The best skill of our physicians, and all the powers of me-
dicine, it must be acknowledged, have proved unequal in the
contest with this devouring poison.
With the most affecting sympathy, and anxious solicitude,
we have, to the best of our judgments, endeavoured to em-
ploy, as circumstances appeared to require, the power and the
means entrusted to us, in arresting its progress, and alleviat-
ing its concomitant miseries. We shall continue to employ
them with unremitting zeal; but, we have neither the power
nor the means to accomplish ALL THE MEASURES necessary to
check its extension, or provide for the pressing exigencies of

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the moment. The powers delegated, and appropriations made
by law, to the institutions under our direction, are impotent,
indeed, when compared to the magnitude of the occasion.
It remains for our fellow-citizens to attain, by their energy,
the ends, which, alone, can stop its progress and diminish its
horrors.
We have, in conjunction with the Guardians of the Poor,
caused tents to be erected on the east bank of the Schuylkill,
for the accommodation of the indigent; where near twelve
hundred are already provided for, out of the fund appropria-
ted for the ordinary relief of the poor. This is but a partial
mitigation of the evils which environ thousands who have a
claim upon the philanthropy of those who are in more for-
tunate circumstances.
The difficulty of procuring a place of refuge, at present, in
the country, is too well known; and the expense attending the
removal of a family, has discouraged many from the attempt,
who are in circumstances to live comfortably at home.
What remains to be done? Citizens of respectability and
influence!—come forward, and form yourselves into a com-
mittee for the purpose of erecting, on the west bank of the
Schuylkill, all the tents that can be collected: let the tents be
floored with boards, and made as comfortable as possible.—If
tents cannot be had, boards, in abundance, may be procured
for the erection of sheds. Admonish those citizens who have
no place of refuge, to take shelter there,—particularly those
from the east part of the city, the district of Southwark, and
the Northern Liberties.—In short, ALL who can leave their
homes, without manifest injury;—except those who are ne-
cessary for the protection of the city and liberties.
The committee should have the general superintendance
and regulation of the tents, and authority to preserve order;
contract for certain supplies of bread, meat, vegetables, wood,
&c. at the lowest possible rates. Those who are not in cir-
cumstances to pay, must be supplied by public bounty.
It is at least an unequal, perhaps an unjust mode of raising
money by an appeal to the humanity of generous individuals;
but, if on any occasion, it may be justified, the present may
be assumed without hesitation.
We call your attention to the actual and undisguised state
of our city. Consider the mortality and rapid increase of the
sick at so early a period.—View the list of your physicians,
and mark how few are at their post: and we believe you will
think, with us, that the preservation of health is only to be at-
tained by flight. 

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Do not flatter yourselves, fellow-citizens, that this picture
is too highly coloured: we speak from conviction, and a
knowledge of facts; and doubt not, but that the lives of hun-
dreds, perhaps of thousands, may be preserved, by the adop-
tion of these or similar measures.
WILLIAM JONES, President.
Much merit is due to the framer of this elegant, feeling,
and pathetic address, which, in a very ample manner, pro-
duced the contemplated relief. The Board of Health were,
however, aware, that it could not produce the immediate
supply which their exigencies presently required. To obvi-
ate which, they requelted their committee, which was ap-
pointed to act in junction with a committee of the Guar-
dians of the Poor, for the purpose of raising means for the
relief and assistance of persons desirous of removing from
the City and Liberties, to procure, if possible, the necessary
aid. They accordingly met, and agreed to the following
resolutions:
"Resolved, That a general subscription be solicited on loan;
the sums to be subscribed to be reimbursed out of any fund
which the Legislature may hereafter appropriate for the pur-
pose.
"Resolved, That Peter Mierken, William Jones, Isaac
Price, James Oldden and Jonathan Robeson, be appointed to
receive the monies so raised, to be applied under the direc-
tions of the Managers of the Marine and City Hospitals, and
the Guardians of the Poor.
"Approved by the Board of Guardians of the Poor,
"PETER MIERKEN, President.
"Alms-House, Sept. 3, 1798.
"Approved by the Board of Managers of the
"Marine and City Hospitals,
"WILLIAM JONES, President.
"Health-Office, Sept. 4, 1798."
Scarcely had the above-mentioned address, and resolutions
of the joint committees, made known to the public the de-
plorable state of the city, and sufferings of the poor, than the
citizens of Philadelphia, then residing at Germantown, ac-
tuated by the characteristic philanthropy and benevolence, for
which they are so eminently distinguished, met, and came to
the following resolutions, viz.
Germantown, September 3, 1798.
"The citizens of Philadelphia at present residing in and
near Germantown, being deeply affected at the accumula-

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ting distress of their fellow-citizens who remain in the city of
Philadelphia, and particularly impressed (from the address of   
the Board of Health of the 1st instant, and the resolutions of
the Committee of the Board of Managers of the Marine and
City Hospitals and the Guardians of the Poor, dated this day)
of the necessity of immediately affording all the relief in their
power, convened this afternoon at the Union School-House,
for the purpose of advancing the objects designated in the
address and resolutions—
The Hon. Thomas Misslin, Esq: in the chair.
James Gibson, Sec'ry.
"The chairman read to the meeting the address of the
Board of Health, as published in the papers—and the reso-
lutions of a committee of the Managers of the Marine and
City Hospitals, and a committee of the Board of Guardians
of the Poor.
"The chairman then proceeded to mention the extent to 
which the Board of Managers and the Guardians of the
Poor were authorised by law to provide funds for defraying
the expenses of these establishments; and information being
given, by other members, of the expenditures and appropria-
tions of these funds already made, which rendered them in-
adequate to the demands of the present exigency—the meet-
ing came to the following resolutions:
"Resolved, That a subscription for a loan, not exceeding
30,000 dollars, for the assistance and relief of our suffering 
fellow-citizens, be forthwith opened.
"That Robert Wain, Richard Hill Morris, General Mor-
gan, Isaac Morris, Richard Peters, Robert Smith, Charles
Shoemaker, William Rawle, Daniel Smith, Henry Pratt,
Charles Biddle, Samuel W. Fisher, George Latimer, John
Wall, Robert Hare, William Sansom, Robert Ralston, and
William Buckley, be a committee to procure subscriptions
to the said loan.
"That the committee be authorised to borrow of any of
the Banks, such sum, not exceeding the sum now agreed to
be raised, as it may be necessary to advance for the purposes
of these resolutions.
"That the committee shall appoint one of their number
treasurer, to whom each member shall, from time to time, pay
over his collections; and the treasurer shall, on receipt there-
of, deposit the same in the Bank of Pennsylvania, in an ac-
count to be opened for that purpose, and subject to the
drafts of the Managers of the Marine and City Hospitals,

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and the Guardians of the Poor, after deducting the amount
of any monies advanced on the credit of the fund.
"Resolved, That the Secretary cause the proceedings of
this meeting to be published in one or more of the newspa-
pers of the city of Philadelphia. Adjourned.
"Signed by order of the meeting,
"THO'S. MIFFLIN, Chairman."
The prospect which the city now afforded was truly deplo-
rable. Accounts, from almost every quarter east of Seventh-
street, furnished the most gloomy pictures of disease and
death. The City Hospital contained about 100 sick persons,
and the daily admissions amounted to about 22. One hun-
dred and seven new cases, and sixty-seven deaths, per day, had
been reported*—and to add, if possible, to the general dis-
tress, the sons of rapine and robbery were availing themselves
of the unguarded state of the city, to enhance themselves by
their ignominious plunder. On the night of the 2d of Sep-
tember, the bank of Pennsylvania was opened, and robbed to
the amount of one hundred and sixty-two thousand eight hundred
and twenty-one dollars and sixty one cents, in cash and notes, the
particulars of which we will hereafter relate. Every thing
seemed to portray ruin and desolation: even the persons em-
ployed to drive the hearses and coachees, for the conveyance
of the sick, by their bad behaviour, were aiding the mass of per-
plexity. In consequence of which, the Board of Health were
induced to advertise for sober and well-recommended persons
to fill this office.
To alleviate, in some degree, the sufferings of their fellow-
citizens, Drs. Rush and Griffitts published the following sa-
lutary
MEDICAL ADVICE
TO THE CITIZENS OF PHILADELPHIA.
The following directions for the prevention and treatment of the
prevailing fever, are affectionately recommended to those citi-
zens of Philadelphia, who are unable to procure the regular at-
tendance and advice of physicians, by
BENJAMIN RUSH,
SAMUEL P. GRIFFITTS.
September 3d, 1798.
THE seeds of the disease may exist in the body, for a con-
siderable time, without doing any harm. It is generally ex-
cited by one or more of the following causes, which of course,
*See table, at the end of this chapter. 

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ought to be carefully avoided, viz. fatigue, a long walk,
standing in the sun, or in a current of air, intemperance in
eating and drinking, costiveness, violent passions, or sudden
emotions of the mind, thin dressed, light bed clothes, and,
above all, the night air.
It is of consequence for our citizens to know, that we have
but one fever in our city at present, and that every febrile
indisposition partakes of the prevailing malignant epidemic.
Hundreds have died from mistaking the first stage of the fe-
ver for a common cold. The mistake is a natural one; for, it
comes on like a cold, and is frequently excited by cool, or
cold air. This remark is intended to produce applications 
for medical aid as soon as possible after feeling the least symp-
tom of indisposition at the present juncture.
In the forming state of the fever, when the patient feels
slightly indisposed, and before he is confined to his bed, the
following remedies generally check the disease:
A purge of salts, castor oil, or a dose of jalap and calomel.
If these fail of giving relief, a gentle sweat should be excited
in the usual way. If there be much pain in the head or back,
and the pulse be full, or tense, ten or twelve ounces of blood
should be lost, before the use of the sweat, and either before
or after taking the purge. Entire rest from business and ex-
ercise of all kinds will be necessary to give efficacy to the
above remedies.
If the existence of the disease were more early, and more
generally admitted, and the remedies which have been re-
commended, used before the fever was completely formed,
there are the strongest reasons to believe there would be much
less mortality from it.                                    
After the disease is formed, and appears with more or less
of the following symptoms, viz. chills, great heat, head-ache,
a redness in the eyes, sickness at the stomach, vomiting, pains
in the back, limbs and bowels, &c. the following remedied
are proper.
1. The loss of ten or twelve ounces of blood, two or three
times a-day, while the pulse continues to be full, or tense. If
the pulse should be slower, and apparently weaker than natu-
ral, it calls for bleeding as much as it does when it discovers
preternatural fulness and tendon.
2. The bowels should be purged, at the same time, with ca-
lomel mixed with jalap or rhubarb, in powders or in pills-
The operation of this purging medicine should be aided,
when practicable, by clysters, composed of half an ounce of 

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glauber salts, dissolved in half a pint of warm water, or of
half a pint of warm water with sweet oil, molasses, and
common salt, of each a table-spoonful, in it.
The bowels should be kept gently open through the whole
course of the disease, by means of the above clysters, and
any other gently purging medicine.
3. If the stomach should be sick and oppressed with bile, a  
vomit of ipecacuana, or tartar emetic may be given at any
time on the 3d or 4th day of the disease, provided the pulse
has been reduced by previous bleeding and purging. From
five to ten drops of laudanum may be given to compose the
stomach if the vomit should, operate more than three or four
times.
4. Calomel should be given from the beginning, in doses
of from two to five grains, every two hours, in order to ex-
cite a salivation. If the calomel should purge more than
two or three times a-day, four or five drops of laudanum
may be given two or three times a-day, in order to confine
the calomel to the bowels, and thereby to determine it to the
mouth and throat. We have seen no death where this me-
dicine has produced a salivation.
5. After the pulse is reduced by bleeding and purging, if
the disease has not yielded, a profuse sweat should be excited
by wrapping the patient up in blankets, with five or six hot
bricks wetted with vinegar applied to different parts of his
body, and giving him at the same time large and repeated
draughts, of hot camomile or sage tea, hot lemonade or weak
punch, or any other hot liquor that is agreeable to him, to
drink. This sweat should be continued but FOUR or FIVE
hours at a TIME, and but ONCE in the twenty-four hours.
If the patient should become fainty, during the use of this
excellent remedy, it should be discontinued for a few hours,
but renewed (under the circumstances above mentioned) if
the disease should continue.
6. Blisters should be applied to the wrists, and ankles, in
common cases, about the third or fourth day of the fever, if
the pulse be reduced, or the sickness at stomach is trouble-
some. If the head be much affected, a blister should be ap-
plied to the neck or to the crown of the head, first cutting
off the hair and shaving it, and if the stomach should be much
affected after the third or fourth day a large blister should be
applied to it.
7. In case of delirium with a languid pulse, poultices of
raw garlic, with a little mustard, should be applied to the feet.
K 

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8. Fresh air should be admitted into sick rooms at all
times, and cool air in the beginning of the fever when the
skin is hot, and the pulse full and tense. In this state of
the fever, the hands, feet and face should be washed, ten or
twelve times a-day, with cold water. In a cool state of the
skin, or when the body is covered with sweat, cool air and
cold water are improper.
9. The body and bed linen of the sick should be frequent-
ly changed, and all offensive matters discharged from them,
should be instantly removed.
In cases of great weakness the patient should not be per-
mitted to rise from his bed when under the operation of purg-
ing physic, nor upon any other occasion.
10. The drinks of sick people in the beginning of the fe-
ver, should be toast and water, tamarind water, lemonade,
currant jelly dissolved in water, apple water or barley water.
In the latter stage of the fever, the drinks may be porter and
water, claret and water, milk and water, or camomile tea.
Weak tea and coffee may be taken in the beginning of the
fever. In its second stage the patient may eat bread and
milk with roasted apples or soft peaches, chocolate, sago, ta-
pioca, ripe fruits, weak chicken or veal broth, and a little
boiled chicken.
It will be improper to depend exclusively upon any one of
the above remedies. The combined force of them all is
barely sufficient, in many cases, to overcome this formidable
disease.
The following which we suppose to be the production of Dr.
Currie, was published in the Gazette of the United States:
DIRECTIONS
How to escape the Yellow Fever now prevalent in Philadelphia.
Addressed particularly to those citizens whose circumstances
will not permit them to comply with the recommenda-
tions of the Managers of the Marine and City Hospitals.
The fever which at this time prevails in our unfortunate
city and suburbs, is the very same in kind as that which pre-
vailed in '93 and '97, occasioned by imported contagion, and
was introduced into it for want of efficient health-laws, and
the proper regulation of quarantines; as I propose to make
appear in a future paper.
This contagion, however, appears, from numerous obser-
vations, and the most authentic facts, to be capable of pro-
ducing fever, only under particular circumstances: these cir- 

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cumstances, removed or avoided, the contagion becomes in-
active and harmless.
This fever had not been observed to exist in Philadelphia,
for more than thirty years, before the year '93—and has ne-
ver been known to exist in the winter season in this climate;
differing in this respect, from those contagious fevers that are
bred in jails, hospitals and prisons ships; but perfectly re-
sembling the plagues which have been introduced at different
times into different maritime towns in Europe from certain
parts of Africa, and the Turkish dominions in Europe bor-
dering upon Asia.
The circumstances which render the contagion of the yel-
low fever active, and favour its spreading or becoming epi-
demic, appear to be, hot, rarified and stagnant, or confined
air, more especially when replete and altered in its salutary
quality by putrid exhalations from dead vegetable and ani-
mal substances. Under the recited circumstances the majori-
ty of those who approach very near to, or come in contact
with the sick, so as to receive the exhalations emitted by the
lungs or skin, become in the course of a few days, most com-
monly on the fifth or sixth day after such exposure, affected
with the same kind of fever, but as all that approach within
the same distance to the sick do not afterwards take the dis-
ease, though they have received the contagious particles into
their bodies, it implies that their constitutions are not dispo-
sed to favour its operation, that is, that they are possessed of a
power to resist its action or impression, or that the contagion
mixing with the fluids in the stomach, or with those in the
arteries passes out again, with some of the usual excretions.
The circumstances which, in most cases, appear to give ef-
fect to the contagion, so as to produce fever, after it has been
received into the circulation, through the medium of the sto-
mach, lungs or skin, appear to be such as have the power of
inducing sudden and great debility in the several functions of
the body, and consequent spasm or constriction of the ex-
treme vessels, &c.
Among the chief of these, may be reckoned, sudden expo-
sure to cold, after great fatigue, or after being greatly heated
by exercise, and exposure to the scorching rays of the sun.
Intemperance, succeeded by abstinence, frequent bloodlet-
ting, purging, fasting, and constant terror or dread of the dis-
ease, have all a similar effect. Whereas moderate and refresh-
ing exercise, the temperate use of such nourishing food as has
no tendency to stimulate or inflame, and rather to preserve 

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the bowels laxative than otherwise, and the temperate use of
diluted fermented  liquors, particularly found bottled porter
and claret, have the most salutary effect in preventing the ope-
ration of the contagion,  and also of rendering  the  disease
milder and more manageable by  the physician, when it does
attack, than when it occurs in those previously debilitated.
   The air in the open streets, I believe, never becomes suf-
ficiently contaminated by the contagious particles (let the pa-
tients be ever so  numerous  in the houses) to  communicate
the disease  to any person walking in the middle of the street,
or even on the pavements, when the  wind blows  from the
opposite fide.  This is a fact not only confirmed by the ob-
servations of the judicious and  accurate Dr. Russel, in his
account of a pestilential fever at  Aleppo, and by all the phy-
sicians that have published an account  of the disease, as it has
appeared in different parts of Europe, but is also established
by the events of last year,  and by those of'93.
   In the year'93, all the prisoners in the jail of Philadelphia,
amounting to more than  200;  the prisoners  in the alms-
house; and the patients in the Pennsylvania hospital, escaped
the disease, owing to the precaution of preventing the admis-
sion of any sick or suspicious person, as well as every infected
article into those places.
   AH the families, also,  that remained in the city, and con-
fined themselves and  their domestics strictly to their own
houses, and suffered no sick person, or any one lately recover-
ed from the disorder, or any material from an infected house,
to come near them; and employed  some trusty  person to
furnish them with  marketing and other  necessaries,  from
sources free from infection, escaped  the disease without ex-
ception.   This Was also the  cafe with  all the farmers that at-
tended the market, that cautiously avoided sleeping at, or go-
ing into any of the chambers of  the taverns, or places where
they put up. This could not have been the cafe, if the whole
atmosphere of the city had been tainted, or replete with  noxi-
ous exhalations.
   By observing  the preceding rules and cautions, therefore,
thole inhabitants who cannot procure a retreat  in the coun-
try, may certainly preserve themselves from taking the fever.
   These are consolatory  facts, drawn from experienced ob-
servers ; and they are facts  that may be fitlv opposed to the
popular notions of contagion, so apt to a (fed the imagination
in moments of condensation and dismay.
   Before I  conclude, I think it proper to add, that I have 

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frequently seen persons, whose office it is to attend the sick,
elcape the disease in large airy apartments, without observ-
ing any precaution at all; but have seldom observed this to
be the case in small confined places unfavourable for ventila-
tion, especially where the circumstances of the patient, would
not admit of daily changes of the bed and body linen. Clean-
liness, daily changes of apparel, and free ventilation appear,
therefore, to  be essential for preventing the contagious and
malignant effects of the fever.
Perhaps if physicians and nurses were studiously to guard
against breathing when near the patient, and were never to
swallow their saliva; (by which it is probable the contagion
is more frequently conveyed into the body than by any other
means) were careful to rince their mouths with cold water
and vinegar, brandy and water or wine, and frequently to
chew some agreeable aromatic substance; were never to an-
proach the sick with an empty stomach, and were to rub half
a drachm or a drachm of mercurial ointment upon their limbs
every night till it occasioned tenderness of the mouth, it
would prevent the contagion from operating, or at least ren-
der the disease much more mild and manageable when it did
occur.
As opinions require facts, and not names for their sup-
port, I shall conceal mine under the signature of
MENTOR.
In consequence of the robbery, on the 2d of September,
the banks of North-America and Pennsylvania, removed to
Germantown on the 4th, and were soon afterwards followed
by the bank of the United States. About this period, the
corporation caused a number of stalls to be erected at the
Centre-House Tavern, on Market-street, for the accommo-
dation of the citizens who had retired to the vicinity of the
city, that they might be supplied with the necessaries of life,
without exposing themselves to the disease, by going into the
heart of the city.
The salutary effects of the address of the Board of Health,
of September 1st, began now to be discovered—liberal dona-
tions, for the relief of the poor, from all the neighbouring
towns, in cash, provisions, &c, were dally received.—The
citizens of Baltimore were among the first who engaged in
this very humane duty. The following notification appeared
in the Federal Gazette, of that city, so early as Sept. 6th.
"To the Citizens of Baltimore.
"The alarming and distressed situation of our brethren, of 

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the city of Philadelphia, calls loudly for the benevolent as-
sistance of all.
"For the purpose of devising ways and means, to relieve
and comfort, as far as may be, all such persons as are afflicted
by the present sore visitation, a meeting of the citizens of
Baltimore is requested, at the court-house, to-morrow morn-
ing, at nine o'clock.
"It is not thought necessary to add further on this subject,
referring to the melancholy and affecting detail, published
from the Health-Office, at Philadelphia, on the 1st instant,
September.
"Baltimore, September 7.
"TOWN MEETING.
"In consequence of the notice yesterday, given in the Fe-
deral Gazette, a number of the respectable inhabitants of
this city, met at the court-house, when James Calhoun,
mayor, was appointed chairman, and Joseph Townsend, se-
cretary.
"The meeting proceeded to take into consideration the 
distressed circumstance of a number of the inhabitants of Phi-
ladelphia, occasioned by a malignant disorder raging in that
city and suburbs, as being movingly represented by the com-
munication of the Board of Health of that place, on the
1st instant—and being desirous to afford some assistance to
alleviate their present awful calamity,
"Do unanimously resolve, That a subscription be opened by
the members of the City Council in each ward, for the pur-
pose aforesaid, and the money, when received, be paid into
the hands of the mayor of the city, to be forwarded by him
to the Board of Health at Philadelphia.
"It is also earnestly recommended, that the city council
aforesaid, proceed to solicit the donations of their fellow ci-
tizens with all possible expedition, and that the inhabitants
manifest a liberal disposition on the occasion.
"Ordered, That the foregoing resolution and recommen-
dation, be published in the different newspapers of this city
for information.
"JOSEPH TOWNSEND, Sec'ry."
In consequence of the preceding laudable resolutions, the
Board of Health published the following address.
Health-Office, September 11th, 1798.
FELLOW CITIZENS,
"Our address of the 1st inst. was intended to present to 

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your view, the deplorable state of our city, and to excite into
active exertion, the philanthropy and benevolence so emi-
nently characteristic of the citizens of Pennsylvania. The
same generous sentiments which you have displayed has in-
fluenced the worthy and benevolent citizens of Baltimore;
who always alive to the feeling of humanity, have, it appears
by the public papers, agreed to a subscription, for the relief
of our distressed fellow citizens.
"We return them all the gratitude and respect to which
dispositions so amiable are entitled; but it becomes our duty
publicly to state, that a fund has been provided for the pur-
pose, upon the principle of a loan in anticipation of the libe-
rality and justice of our Legislature, which precludes the ne-
necessity of donations in money, from the humane citizens of
our sister states. Contributions of provisions from our fellow
citizens in the country, as well in New-Jersey, as in our own
state, have been forwarded for the use of the distressed, with
a liberality which does honor to the donors.
"We flatter ourselves that similar donations will be con-
tinued by those generous individuals, who are contiguous to
the city, and can with convenience spare a part of their pro-
duce for the relief of suffering humanity.
"By order of the Board of Managers,
"WM. JONES, President."
The following letter, inclosing fifty dollars, was received by
the President of the Board of Health, on the 18th Sept.
Boston, September 12, 1798.
To Wm. Jones, esq. President of the committee of Health at
Philadelphia.
I have somewhere read that the widow's mite was receiv-
ed into the treasury, accept mine in the cause of humanity;
'twas a trifle, but alas! A trifle is my store—Would those
who wallow in prosperity, but feel the miseries of your devo-
ted city, and offer in proportion to their abilities; your dis-
tresses would not be so severely felt. My only unhappiness
is, that my power is not equal to my wish.
Your's,
A YANKEE SEAMAN.
About the 12th or 14th of September, the disease began to
appear among the convicts in the criminals' jail. One died on
the 17th, and two more on the 18th, and several were lying
sick; in consequence of which, the vagrant and untried 

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criminals, male and female, were removed to Morris's Buil-
dings. The whole number of prisoners in the jail, at this
time, including debtors, was about three hundred.
On the 18th, several of them attempted to make their
escape by force, in absence of the jailor. Perhaps they were part-
ly led to this rash act, to avoid the contagion which was then
raging in the jail, and perhaps because there was little dan-
ger of being taken, from the unprotected state of the city.
But, in this project, they were frustrated, by the undaunted
vigilance of Robert Wharton, Esq; then one of the alder-
men of the city, now mayor, with a few assistants; two of
the criminals were shot, and one wounded with a bayonet
before the rest surrendered.
In consequence of the above proceedings, and the several
robberies, which had been committed; a number of the ci-
tizens formed themselves into an association, for the protec-
tion of the city, during this deserted and unprotected period.
Their proceedings will be noticed in the next chapter.
The Board of Health,in order to remove, if possible, the
aversion retained against the City Hospital, and to induce
the sick, who were destitute of the conveniences which their
situation required, to consent to be taken to the Hospital,
published the following comparative statement between the
mortality at the City Hospital, and that of the City and Li-
berties:
Health-Office, September 21, 1798.
"The Board of Managers of the Marine and City Hos-
pitals present to public view, the following simple statement
of comparative facts, in order to remove prejudices, and just-
ly appreciate the importance and utility of an institution,
which, from the dreadful mortality of the prevailing disease,
has been viewed with a jaundiced eye.
"Tis not enough that the City Hospital is amply provid-
ed with every thing which can contribute to the comfort and
cure of the sick, and is under the direction of a resident phy-
sician, whose medical skill is no less an ornament to his pre-
fession than his benevolent and DISINTERESTED services are
a blessing to society—'Tis an Hospital, and that is an insu-
perable objection with the weak and the prejudiced.
"Let incontrovertible facts speak for themselves—and
take notice, that a vast majority of the cases are sent there in
the most desperate and protracted state of the disease. 

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COMPARISON
Between the mortality at the City Hospital and that of the
City and Liberties, from August 9, to September 19, in-
clusive*.
Number of cases reported by the physicians - 2472
Of which have been sent to the Hospital - 535
Number of patients attended in the city - 1937
Total number of deaths from Brown's Gazette 1700
Of which number died at the Hospital, something
more than one half the number sent there - 276
No. of deaths in the City and Liberties nearly three-
fourths the number attended there 1424
"These facts cannot affect the well-earned reputation and
meretorious services of the physicians, in the City and Liber-
ties, who have nobly remained at their posts.
"The great number of patients, widely extended—con-
fined situations—bad nursing—negligence in applying the
prescriptions, &c. are insurmountable obstacles in a disease
so virulent.
"There will be compleated, to-morow, a spacious and
airy building, in addition to the comfortable accommodations
already at the City Hospital.
"What is the obvious deduction from the preceding
facts? Remove the sick immediately to the hospital, and the
well to the encampments, and the excessive mortality will, of
course, subside.
By order of the Board of Managers,
WILLIAM JONES, President."
The many valuable donations which had been received,
and which were daily pouring in to the encampments, and
to the poor in the city, together with the money procured by
loans, and the voluntary subscriptions of individuals, now
enabled the Board of Health, Overseers of the Poor, and the
different committees, to render the situations of the indigent
tolerably comfortable.
The following persons were appointed by the joint resolu-
tions of the Board of Health and the Guardians of the Poor,
*For remarks on this statement—see Appendix, page XVI.
L 

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for the purpose of relieving such of their fellow-citizens,
whose situations rendered it improper for them to remove
to the encampments.
John Kehr, Peter Barker,
Peter Mierken, John Hutchinson,
Alexander Steel, William Stevenson,
Thomas Allibone, John James,
Edward Garrigues, Thomas Savery,
Stephen Maxfield, Rhea King,
Nathan A. Smith, Pascal Hollingsworth,
Daniel Doughty, John Teas.
They met at the Senate Chamber, in the State House, on
the Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, of each week, from
three to six o'clock in the afternoon; where they invited the
indigent to apply for relief, and to bring with them certifi-
cates from one or more respectable inhabitants, to evidence
that their families were in such a situation as to render it
improper to remove to the tents.
About the 21st of September, the fever first appeared
in the Pennsylvania Hospital. It is supposed to have been
introduced by one of the nurses, who brought some clothes
from the city a few days previous.
The repeated robberies and thefts, induced the corpora-
tion to double the number of ordinary watchmen; who, in
junction with the patrols, appointed by the citizens, con-
tinued to guard the city both day and night.
On the 22d of September, a number of the members of
the society of Friends held their annual meeting; but ad-
journed, on account of the fever, till December. About fif-
ty Friends, from different parts of the country, attended this
meeting. Of these, seventeen were soon after attacked with
the fever, twelve of whom died. The majority were attack-
ed within five days after leaving the city, tho' many of them
resided here but one, and others only two days.
About the end of September and the beginning of Octo-
ber, the disease attained to its crisis. The greatest number
of new cases, reported in one day, during the whole period
of the calamity, was, one hundred and twenty-seven. This
was on the 7th of September. On the 21st, there were one
hundred and twenty-six new cases reported. On the 19th of
September, thirty-two sick persons were admitted into the
City Hospital; and, on the 26th of the same month, sixteen
died. These were the greatest number of admissions and
deaths that occurred. The highest number of patients,
remaining in the Hospital, was 164. This was on the 

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22d of Sept. On the evening and night of the 27th, there
was a great fall of rain, which suddenly cooled the air. Pro-
bably, in consequence of this, the mortality on the succeed-
ing day was greater than at any other period of the fever.
One hundred and six persons were interred.
By comparing the tables of new cases, and of mortality,
&c. as annexed, with the register of the weather, it will be
found, that both new cases and deaths were augmented in
consequence of either rainy, damp, or sudden cool weather;
but, that in a day or two afterwards, both were diminished.
About the 24th of September, the following hand-bill,
without either date or signature, was published, distributed
and posted up throughout the City and Liberties:
"REFLECT BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE!
"FELLOW-CITIZENS! reflect upon your danger before it
is too late. One hundred of us are attacked with the fever
every day. One half of that number is daily carried to the
grave. If we remain in town, it is probable that the fever
will continue five or six weeks longer; and, by that time,
one-half of our number will have been sick!—and one-fourth
of us will be no more!
"How different is the situation of our friends in the coun-
try and in the tents!
"Two thousand persons in the tents have lost but seven-
teen in twenty-five days, while the same number in Philadel-
phia have lost one hundred and seventy-eight.
"At the encampments,there is great plenty of good food:
"In town it is resolved to give nothing to the poor who
are able to go.
"WHY DO YOU PREFER FAMINE, SICKNESS
AND DEATH, TO HEALTH AND PLENTY?
"It is not yet too late to remove.
"GO, BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE!"
From the 1st of October, the disease gradually abated.-
The annual election of representatives was held at the State-
House on the 9th, when many hundreds of citizens came to
the city to give their votes.—On the 10th, only 14 inter-
ments occurred. In consequence of which, many families
returned to their homes; but, in order to prevent the fa-
tal consequences which might accrue from a premature re-
turn of the exiled, the Board of Health published the fol-
lowing:

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Health Office, October 11, 1798.
The Board of Managers of the Marine and City Hospitals,
felicitate their fellow-citizens on the rapid decline of the
prevailing fever since the 1st inst.—the prosperous state of the
City Hospital, and enlivening prospect of a speedy termina-
tion of the calamity, which has overwhelmed our city. None
can more assiduously desire the return of their fellow-citizens,
in safety, to the comforts of their own fire-side; but they de-
precate the consequences of precipitation, where so much
caution and prudence is required.
The apprehension of the Board has been awakened, by the
too-hasty return of many individuals, who have inconsiderate-
ly hazarded their own health and the public welfare: sever-
al of whom, the Board are sorry to add, have been seized
with the fever shortly after their return.
The weather, since the 6th inst. has been extremely un-
favourable, and the number of the sick have considerably en-
creased; which would evidently be augmented by the ac-
cumulation of persons, particularly those from a pure at-
mosphere. The Board earnestly solicit public attention to
considerations so important; and entreat the forbearance of
their fellow-citizens, until returning health shall invite them
home.
The Board cannot too strongly impress the propriety and
necessity of cleansing and purifying, (previous to the return
of the inhabitants,) the bedding, cloathing, and houses, in
which the disease has existed; for which purpose, they re-
commend the liberal use of lime. They also repeat their re-
commendation to the Commissioners, to have the pumps fre-
quently and copiously worked, as the water is now extremely
offensive and unwholesome.
The Board assure their fellow-citizens, that whenever the
health of the City and Liberties shall be so restored, as to
admit the return of the inhabitants with safety, not a moment
shall be delayed in announcing the glad tidings.
By order of the Board of Managers,
WM. JONES, President.
Notwithstanding this exhortation of the Board of Health,
many families, whose situations in the country, was, perhaps,
not very agreeable, returned to the city. It was doubtless
in consequence of this, that both the new cases and deaths
sustained an increase. Many paragraphs appeared in the
newspapers, dissuading the citizens from returning, until the

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Board of Health should notify to them that the danger no
longer existed. Even examples were mentioned: the most
striking of which was the case of the family of John Light-
body, bookbinder. They returned to the city about the 15th
of October, together with another family, each consisting
of three persons: the whole were taken sick, and five died.
The daughter of Mr. Lightbody, only, survived.
Towards the end of October, a remarkable change of wea-
ther took place; frost and snow appeared, and put a sudden
check to the disease. On the 1st of November, the Board of
Health discontinued their daily reports. The City Hospital
was closed, and the following consolatory address, invited
citizens to their homes:
"Health-Office, November 1, 1798.
"Fellow-Citizens,
"THE period so ardently desired, by us all, has at length
arrived.—Our best information and judgment, corroborated
by the opinion of the physicians, we believe, warrants us in
announcing to you, the restoration of general health to our
afflicted City and Liberties; and, that the citizens may re-
turn with safety, if proper precautions are taken in cleasing
and airing the houses, bedding, and clothing; correcting the
exhalations from the privies, by the plentiful use of lime, and
working copiously the private, as well as public, pumps.
"In the termination of a painful duty, we cannot repress
our sentiments of respectful veneration for the unexampled
benevolence and charity which you have displayed—the suf-
fering sick, the widow, and the fatherless have been cherish-
ed; and hundreds of grateful fellow-creatures have been
wrested from the grasp of disease and death, by your boun-
ty.—These virtues are a certain pledge, that the objects
which you have safely conducted through the tempest of
disease, will not be abandoned to the miseries of an incle-
ment winter.
"By order of the Board of Managers,
"WM. JONES, President." 

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CHAPTER IV.
Summary of the proceedings at the City Hospital—Encampments
on the Schuylkill, and Masters's place—Association for the
protection of the city—Robbery of the bank—Proceedings in
the jail—and at different parts of the union, during the ca-
lamity.
HAVING, in the preceding pages, traced the rise, pro-
gress, and decline of the disease, we now proceed, in a sum-
mary manner, to mention some occurrences, which could
not be previously noticed, without interfering  with the ge-
neral connection of subject.
The most important proceedings of the Board of Health,
we have thought proper to notice, as they are replete with
information to the various stages of the calamity.—No class
or body of men were of more service to the city, throughout
the whole gloomy period, than these individuals.* Their
indefatigable exertions—their arrangements in the city, and
at the City Hospital, with those of the Overseers and Guar-
dians of the poor, for alleviating distress, were judicious and
salutary. It was the general custom of the Board to meet
and deliberate every morning at 11 o'clock. They framed
the regulations for the management of the City Hospital,
and saw that they were properly executed. Messrs. William
Jones, William Dawson, and (previous to his death) Isaac
Price, were the members who most frequently visited the
Hospital for this purpose. The burial of the dead was like-
wise conducted by the regulations of the Board: they pro-
vided coffins, hearses, &c. Most of the coffins (rough pine
boxes) were made in the jail by convicts. In the height of
the disease, the deaths were so numerous, that the Board
found it necessary to employ common carts: the number of
*The members who remained at their posts, and who merit
the gratitude of the public, are recorded in page 63. It includes
the whole Board, except Messrs. John Newbold, and James
Wood. After the establishment of tents at Master's place, Mr.
John Inskep presided there. 

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hearses were inadequet; and even, with this assistance,
they were frequently under the necessity of conveying the
dead to the grave in the same coachees which carried the sick
to the Hospital. Two, and even three bodies were often car-
ried together: about twelve hearses and carts, and three
coachees, were in constant employ. An improvement was
made, for the more easy conveyance of the sick patients, in
the advanced stage of their sickness. They could not be re-
moved, without injury, in the coachees. The Board caused
three swing carriages to be made, by which the sick could
lay at their whole length in a bed, suspended from the shafts,
between the wheels. Thus, they were conveyed with such
ease, as ameliorated some of the former consequent distresses,
without being disturbed by the jolting of the carriage. The
carriages, with horses, stood always ready, in the old Potter's
Field.
For the receipts and expenditures of the Board, together
with a sketch of their proceedings, as detailed in their letter
to the governor, see appendix, page XXV.
The City Hospital stands on a low, flat piece of ground,
on the east bank of the Schuylkill, in Sassafras-street, with a
tract of marshy ground in front: The situation cannot be
healthy. Formerly it was occupied for a tavern, when the
summer-houses, in the garden, were erected.—The build-
ings, for the accommodation of the sick, consist of two large
frame houses: their form is an oblong square, two stories
high. The largest was erected, during the prevalence of the
last calamity, when the other was inadequate to contain the
number of sick. The summer-houses were covered with
canvass, and a few small sheds were erected for the con-
valescent. There are also stables and other out-houses.—The
management of the hospital was entrusted to the physicians,
a steward and a matron, under the inspection of the Board of
Health. It was opened for the reception of the sick about
the 8th of August, they were placed under the care of
Drs. Physick and Cooper; gentlemen, eminent for medical
skill and goodness of heart.—They made a voluntary offer of
their services to the Board.—There Dr. Cooper died, a vic-
tim to the contagion, much regretted. Dr. Rush assisted as con-
sulting physician, and Drs. May and Watt were appointed to
compound the medicines, &c. From the 6th of September, and
to the 6th of October, there were never less than one hundred
patients in the Hospital, nor more than one hundred and
sixty-four.-Medicine, fruit, wine, changes of linen, an

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every other article, necessary for relief, comfort, and accom-
modation, were amply provided.
The scenes of distress which the Hospital exhibited, were
truly dismal:—there we could hear the groans—the moan-
ings—and the heavy sighs of "the hundreds sick." No con-
nexions were near to view their distress, or to soothe, with the
tear of friendship, their "little hour." When the coachees,
which brought out the sick, arrived, often might be seen an
affrightened patient enter, supported by strange Nurses, and
bedewing his or her cheeks with tears. The nurses were often
obliged to hold the patient in bed by force, when struggling
with delirium, and others seemed to sleep out their life with-
out any feeling, while the screams of many were heard at a
distance. Some bled from the mouth and nose, and the black
vomit issued, in streams, from others. Two, and frequently
three, were placed in one coffin.
The men and women occupied different wards. Particu-
lar attention was paid by the nurses to the sick, both day and
night.—No complaints have been made; but letters of thanks
have frequently been sent to the physicians and managers
for kind treatment and attention.
Few of the nurses at the Hospital were attacked with the
disease, although exposed to concentrated contagion. It was
often customary for them to sleep on the same bed with the
sick, and some have been known to swallow a portion of the
juices of the sick, without experiencing any injury.—Dr.
Physick informed us, that he has frequently seen a nurse
helping a patient to a spoonful of food, and taking another,
herself, alternately: that he has also seen them eat the fruit
that has been gnawed by the sick. One or two instances
occurred of wives nursing their husbands in the Hospital, and
mothers their children; none of which took the disease, tho'
lying on the same bed. During the whole period of the
sickness, there were 899* persons admitted into the Hospital,
of which 518 died.
The City Hospital burial-ground, was the general recep-
tacle for the dead, from the beginning of August to the first of
November. Graves were dug, at the commencement of
the calamity, for every corpse; but, afterwards, two or three
were put into one pit. The accumulated mortality, which
commenced about the end of August, rendered this mode
*See the tables of daily returns.

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impracticable. A more expeditious method of interment
was adopted. A large trench was dug, in which the cof-
fins were piled upon each other. It was conducted in such
a manner, that the fresh mould, dug from one end, covered
the dead in another; while the hearses were drove to the
bottom of the trench, where they deposited the bodies. In
two of these trenches, upwards of fifteen hundred were in-
terred; twelve or fourteen diggers were employed. They
remained, as observed before, in the field, night and day.
Sheds were constructed for their accommodation. Some
were buried in this ground, who are not mentioned in our
list. It was not unfrequent for the grave-diggers to find a
dead body in the morning, which had been thrown over the
fence during the preceding night.
After most of the citizens, whose circumstances would
permit, had fled to the country, the poor began, generally, to
suffer, and the disease sustained no abatement. It rather con-
tinued to spread, and little hope remained that it would ter-
minate, until it fhould be destroyed by frost. A removal of
the healthy was the only hope left for its mitigation. The
Board of Health, in junction with the Guardians of the Poor,
concerted measures for the construction of temporary tents.
These were soon afterwards erected on the banks of Schuyl-
kill, between Spruce and Chesnut-streets. They were ready
by the 24th of August, where fugitives crouded. A certifi-
cate was necessary, to gain admission, from some respectable
citizen, with an application to any of the following gentle-
men, who were appointed a joint committee from the Board
of Health and Guardians of the Poor to superintend this en-
campment: Peter Mierken, Isaac Price, James Oldden,
John Kehr.
They crouded, in the greatest abundance, from the south
parts of the City and Southwark: They were accommodated
with every necessary of life, principally from the donations
of the opulent. The tents were made of canvass, and
floored with boards. Here nineteen hundred and fifty persons
were fed, and some of them cloathed! While we admire
the liberality of the public, which was displayed on this occa-
sion, we are induced to mention, that in many instances, ad-
vantages were taken. Many sordid souls removed, and were
fed and cloathed, who possessed independent resources. The
names of freeholders, who hold property to the amount of
several thousands of dollars, could be mentioned, who here
M

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robbed the poor of their pittance. The liberal hand must move
reluctant, under an idea of such a diabolical practice. Credit is
due to the committee who superintended this establishment,
for both their attention and trouble. The rules which they fra-
med were judicious,and well adapted to the situation and man-
ners of each class. Some, as might naturally be supposed, were
not the most orderly; such were either sent to Morris's Build-
ings, or confined in a temporary prison, at the encampment.
Guards were stationed with arms, to preserve order, and pre-
vent any individuals from trespassing the rules. Schools,
for the instruction of children, were instituted; at which 137
male, and 143 female children, attended. The hearty men
were employed, in digging the canal. Public worship was
performed on Sundays; and medical advice, and attendance
was given by Dr. S. Duffield.
About the beginning of November, the committee were
in need of cloathing for infants. They published the fol-
lowing:
The Committee appointed for the superintendance of the
Tents, on Schuylkill, acknowledge with gratitude and sincere
satisfaction, the generous liberality of donations that they
have experienced. It is with deference to public opinion and
public compassion, that they inform their feeling fellow-citi-
zens, that they have near seventy pregnant women, who will,
'ere they leave the encampment, stand in not only need, but
necessity of cloathing for their infants. To mothers, whose
hearts can beat with fondness to their offspring—to those
amiable young ladies, whose best and benevolent affections
are extended to the smiling babe—to fathers, who have it in
their power, this respectful request is addressed.
By order of the Committee,
PETER MIERKEN, Chairman.
October 3d.
The liberality of ladies, on this occasion, was ample, as
appears from the following address:
The Committee, who superintend the Tents, on the banks of
Schuylkill,
Beg leave to acquaint their amiable female donors, that their
prompt industry, and unparralleled liberality, have been so
abundantly bestowed, as to enable them to request no further
marks of their benevolence, in the article of infants' and
small childrens' cloathing: Other donations will be thank-
fully received, so as to provide for the ages of from four
to twelve years. 

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They cannot find language energetic enough to thank
them; but, when they are informed, that they have put it in
the power of the committee, to cloathe the naked, to save
the shivering child from perishing, and to send the infant
warm, and the mother happy away, their own benevolent and
feeling hearts, will afford them the best of gratifications.
By order of the committee,
PETER MIERKEN, chairman.
Tents, 24th October, 1798.
Dolls. Ct.
The expenses of this encampment amounted to 18,537.29
Donations received in cash, 3,537.29
Ditto in produce and cloathing, va-
lued at 5,000.00
Cash, being part of 29,000 dollars
borrowed from the Banks, on
the faith of being reimbursed
by the legislature, 10,000.00
-18,537.29
Eight hundred and seventy-nine persons were relieved at
this encampment, for nearly nine weeks.
About the beginning of September, another encampment
was erected at Masters' Place, near the Mill-Pond, on the
road to Germantown, about two miles from the city, for the
same benevolent purpose as that on the Schuylkill; to which
the fugitives, principally from the Northern-Liberties and
Kensington, flocked. John Inskeep, Jonathan Robeson, and
Isaac W. Morris, were appointed a committee for its super-
intendance. It was composed of wooden sheds, comforta-
ble, convenient, and, in every respect, adapted to the occasion;
especially when it is considered that they were erected in
eight or ten days, and accommodated upwards of two
thousand persons. Besides the lodging-sheds, there were erect-
ed an hospital, a large store-house, and office, a bake-house
and oven, and five kitchens, with eight large fire-places.
This encampment was situated on a well-chosen spot, and
laid out in regular order: the streets intersected each other.
The rules and regulations, which were printed and posted up
in different places in the encampment, do honour to the
committee. Spirituous liquors were prohibited, except in
cases of supposed necessity. Slight offences were punished, by
withholding provisions for a reasonable time; and, for those
of a more aggravated nature, the offender was expelled. All 

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intercourse with the city was cut off, except on urgent occa-
sions. This was enforced, by placing centinels, at proper dis-
tances, around the encampment. Scavengers were appoint-
ed, whose duty it was, every morning, to remove all the filth,
and to throw fresh earth into the necessaries; and, in every
other respect, the utmost attention was paid to cleanliness.
They were abundantly supplied with provisions of every kind;
the arrangement for the delivery of the rations was well plan-
ned, and the most scrupulous regard to justice observed in
the distribution. The decorum, which was so eminently
maintained in the encampment, amongst characters, too, some
of which were not the most amiable, reflect great honour
both on the superintendants, and the example of many virtu-
ous families, who resided there. The first public address of
the superintendants was on the 10th of September: they in-
formed the public, that they stood in need of vegetables,
straw, &c. for the use of the distressed citizens, who had ta-
ken refuge there; and they hoped that they would experience
the same liberality which had been extended to the Schuylkill
encampment; having the same laudable object in view.
This public intimation produced an abundant supply. On
the 28th of the same month, the committee publicly ac-
knowledged, that the liberality which they had experienced,
surpassed all expectation: that several villages and neigh-
bourhoods in New-Jersey, had been eminently bountiful on
this occasion; that the supplies which they had occasionally
received, had been abundant, except in articles of cloathing:
they had received some very handsome donations in that line;
but not in sufficient abundance to supply their pressing and
numerous wants: that the number, under their care, was
daily encreasing, and already amounted to upwards of thirteen
hundred persons, composed of both sexes, from one hour to
eighty years old; but, that the greater proportion of them,
were helpless women and children. About two hundred of
the children were at the breast, the mothers of whom were
generally without shoe or stocking. The committee sug-
gested, that linsey, flannels, and woollen stockings, would be
particularly acceptable, as well as every description of se-
cond-hand and ready-made cloathing. From this period, the
lists of donations swelled with individual bounty. Our ci-
tizens seemed to vie with each other who should be the
most liberal. Drs. Currie and Dewees, gratuitously offered
their services to the committee. Great attention and care
was bestowed upon the sick in this encampment, which 

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was numerous. A few had the yellow fever. These gentle-
men received a public declaration of thanks from the committee.
The inhabitants of this encampment returned to their
homes, generally, about the 1st of November; but not before
they had published a grateful and affectionate tribute of
laudable praise to their meritorious committee.
dols. cts.
The expenses of this institution amounted to 18,822.49
Donations in cash dols. 3,254.27
Ditto in produce and cloathing, valu-
ed at 6,568.22
Cash being part of the 29,009 dollars
borrowed from the banks, on
the faith of legislative reimburse-
ment 9,000
-18,822.49
There were about two thousand and twenty-four persons
supplied at this encampment from the 15th and 20th of Sep-
tember to the 1st of November.
It is a melancholy truth, that the most awful afflictions
which befal our fellow-creatures, are not sufficient to awa-
ken, in some minds, even the feelings of sympathy. Callous to
every sentiment of humanity, and dead to every principle of
virtue, some wretches, who, to the eternal disgrace of the
human character, were so totally depraved, that while
walking even "in the valley of the shadow of death," medi-
tated and committed the most abominable crimes. While every
virtuous mind was filled with sympathetic sorrow for that
general gloom, which hovered over the city, there were vil-
lains lurking about, watching every opportunity, during the
absence of the citizens, to commit robbery on their deserted
houses. Notwithstanding that the number of ordinary watch-
men had been augmented, and patrols appointed to watch
it during the day, several robberies were committed. The
bank of Pennsylvania, as observed before, was robbed;
and attempts were made by the prisoners in the cri-
minals jail to escape. A consideration of these circum-
stances, and the general unguarded state of the city, indu-
ced a number of private citizens, to associate for the purpose
of affording it better protection. 

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Of this association, the following gentlemen were chosen
officers:
John D. De Lacy,}
Edward Pole,} in the city.
Joseph Wright,}
William Mansfield, in the Nothern Liberties.
George Young, Southwark.
The association informed the public, that their intentions
were merely to have a body of men ready to turn out, armed
and equipped, on any sudden emergency, or to mount guard
at any of the prisons, or elsewhere, if necessary; by thus being
ready with arms and ammunition, to repair, at the first notice,
to their respective alarm posts, that they might act with the
greatest promptitude and efficiency, and that the civil magis-
trates and other good citizens might know where to find a
body of men, prepared, to enforce a due obedience to the
laws, and preserve order and tranquility.
The citizens were informed that in cases of fire, or riot
in the city, the old Potter's-Field was chosen as the alarm
post, or rallying point, from its central situation, and con-
tiguity to both jails and Morris's Building, then the place of
confinement for vagrants; in the Northern Liberties, the
city-hall or town-house; and in Southwark, Little's school
house, to which all the members of the association were to re-
pair equipped, and there await the orders or presence of
their own officers, a magistrate, or other civil officer.
The alarm was to be given by firing a field piece.
Robbery of the Bank of Pennsylvania.
On the night of the 4th of August, some villains entered the
bank, and made an unsuccessful attempt to force open the
doors of the cash vault, and to pick the lock of an iron chest;
but the institution sustained no loss; as it was apprehended
that the attempt would be renewed, and considering the in-
security of the building, and the impossibility of making such
repairs to it as would render it safe, the porters were armed,
and directed to sleep in the banking-house, in order to guard
against the success of future attempts. The immediate re-
moval of the bank to Carpenter's-hall was proposed. This
building, from its construction, and the improvements which
had been made to it, when in the occupancy of the Bank of
the United States, was thought perfectly secure; but previ-
ously to the removal, which took place on the Saturday fol-
lowing, a new patent lock was put to the outer door, and two 

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iron doors were sitted to the cash vault, with locks which had
been used for the book vault, and which were of a better con-
struction than any which could at that time be procured in
the city. The precaution of obliging the porters to sleep in the
Bank was continued, and the watchmen were charged to be
particularly vigilant.
Thomas Cunningham, the porter, who is since dead, slept
there alone, and early in the morning of Sunday the 2d of
September, Mr. Annesley, the runner, having occasion to go
to the Bank, found the back door of the banking house open;
and looking into the banking room, he discovered the doors
of the back vault likewise open. He immediately roused
Cunningham, who was asleep up stairs; they found all the
windows secured, the back door unbarred, and the doors of
the cash vault unlocked. Upon an examination of the house,
it was found that the locks had been opened by false keys, for
no injury was done to the wards of any of them, nor was
there any appearance of force having been used.
The loss which the institution had sustained, amounted to
one hundred and sixty-two thousand eight hundred and twenty-
one dollars and sixty-one cents.
Every exertion was made to discover the perpetrators of
this flagrant robbery. Advertisements were published
throughout the United States, cautioning the public against
the receipt of the post-notes stolen. Considerable rewards
were offered for the apprehenxion of those concerned in the
robbery, in addition to that of one thousand dollars, promised
in the governor's proclamation. "Several persons were ar-
rested upon suspicion, and amongst those was Patrick Lyon,
the smith, who was employed in sitting the iron doors of the
cash vault, and without whose privity it is believed this robbery
has not been committed."
After unceasing vigilance they had the satisfaction to dis-
cover the perpetrator of this daring robbery, so that the
whole amount of the property stolen was recovered, except
about three thousand two hundred dollars.
One Isaac Davis, a carpenter, had an account open in this
bank: The first circumstance which excited suspicions a-
gainst him, was a deposit of 16,000 dollars. Enquiry was
made respecting his circumstances and character, which
were found to be such, as to induce the officers of the bank
to watch his conduct. On the 17th of November, he made
another deposit of 3,910 dollars. The suspicions were now
increased, and it was thought proper to enquire at the other                    

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banks, whether he had made any deposits with them? when
such information was obtained, as left no doubt but that he
was the robber. He was then apprehended, and, partly by
threats, and partly by promise of an intercession with the go-
vernor for his pardon, the confession of his guilt was extor-
ted from him.
His disclosures criminated only Thomas Cunningham,
the late porter, and himself; for, he repeatedly declared, that
they alone were concerned in the robbery. It was remarked,
that Thomas Cunningham slept in the bank the night that
the robbery was committed, and that he was taken ill of the
yellow fever the day after-and died in the course of the
week. Davis said that they had divided the money stolen,
and that the deposits he had made in the different banks,
were part of his share. He assured them that he had re-
turned all he was possessed of, and that the remainder of the
property stolen, would be found at the house where Cun-
ningham died. They searched the house described, but with-
out success. Davis was informed that unless he made a full
disclosure, he would be committed to prison, and his house
searched: By threats and promises, he acknowledged that he
had visited Cunningham the day he was taken ill, and had
received from him the remainder of the money stolen, a
great part of which he had still secreted. They had then re-
covered in all 158,999 dollars and 53 cents: Davis also as-
signed over property which had cost him a short time before
800 dollars.
Davis declared that the plan of the robbery originated with
Cunningham, who procured the false keys, and that he does
not know who made them.
The tenor of this is taken from the report of the commit-
tee, of the State Assembly, who were appointed to make en-
quiry on the subject. They received their information from
the officers of the bank. The attempt on the 4th of August,
and the robbery on the 1st September, were supposed to be
committed by the same persons. It does not appear evident
that Cunningham, the porter, had any concern in the rob-
bery. He was found asleep in the bank next morning; nei-
ther his conduct nor countenance discovered the least symp-
toms of guilt, even to make him suspected. None of the
money was found with him, when he died. No evidence
but that of Davis, appears to criminate him; and his death
prevents his pleading in his own defence. It is not uncom-
mon, in criminal cases, for the innocent to suffer punish-
ment for the guilty: That Mr. Lyon, who fitted the doors 

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to the cash vault, should, at first, be implicated, was, perhaps,
natural; but, after the perpetrator was discovered, and after
Mr. Lyon was discharged, by a grand jury, from the charges
alleged against him, an idea should not be impressed upon
the public mind, founded upon presumption only, that he is
the man, "without whose privity, it is believed, this robbery has
not been committed." This is cruel, and injurious to an ingeni-
ous, industrious tradesman, who required the preservation of
character, to render his talents useful to himself, and to the
public.
A convict, named Bradley, was the first person attacked
in the criminals' jail. He was confined in a cell. At this
time, it raged in an alley that runs from Fifth-street, near
to the jail-wall, opposite to the cells; from whence it is sup-
posed to have reached Bradley, whose window it fronted.—
He was removed on the 8th of September, and died in a few
hours after. From him, the disease communicated to other
prisoners; the number of which, including debtors, amoun-
ted to upwards of three hundred. Shortly afterwards, the
vagrants, and prisoners confined for petty offences, were re-
moved to Morris's-Buildings, and the debtors to Norris-
town: The convicts, amounting to about one hundred and
sixty, and untried of prisoners, near an hundred, then, only,
remained in gaol. Mr. Smith, the jailor, on the appear-
ance of the disease, became alarmed. He relinquished
his charge on the 8th of September, and removed to
the country. Robert Wharton, Esq. a vigilant and active
magistrate, now mayor of our city, then assumed it. He
resided there, and performed all the duties of jailor, until
shortly after the 17th of September, when he was assisted by
Mr. Peter Helm; who, afterwards, took upon himself the
charge. The services rendered by Mr. Helm, during the
calamity in 1793, when he presided at Bush-Hill-Hospital,
and in 1797, when he superintended the City-Hospital, at
the Wigwam, together with his services this year, justly en-
title him to thanks. He was active in these different capa-
cities, and zealously and undauntedly run into danger—but,
the palm seems to rest upon other characters: Like the pea-
cock in the fable, which other birds wished to vie with, some
have been plucking his feathers.
After Mr. Helm took charge of the jail, he resided there
day and night—watched the convicts, and attended the sick,
alternately. Some of the keepers left the jail shortly after
N 

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Mr. Smith. Others  were taken sick. Their places were
supplied by constables, &c. The sick prisoners were atten-
ded by Dr. Benjamin Duffield. He caused every humane
and salutary measure to be adopted for their accommodation.
They were removed from the healthy, to a ward in the east
wing, which was converted into an hospital. The convales-
eents were kept in a separate apartment. Strict attention was
paid to cleanliness for the better security against the spread-
ing of the disease. The green wood was removed from the
yard; all rubbage and putrifiable materials, were carried off:
The obstructed water-channel was cleared: The pavement
was frequently washed, and kept wet and cool, by means of
the pump; and the steeping wards, were, as usual, constant-
ly ventilated. To these precautions, which were adopted by
direction of Mr. Caleb Lownes, with their simple healthy di-
et, and the entire prohibition of every kind of liquor, is, per-
haps, to be ascribed, the successful escape of so large a propor-
tion of the prisoners. The disease spread through every quar-
ter of the jail. 'Dutch Hannah', a convict, was the first vic-
tim in the west wing, where the females are kept. Several
of the convicts voluntarily offered their services as nurses,
and attended the sick with tenderness and attention. One
John Brown was the first that made this laudable offer.—
He was taken sick, and died. There were, in all, forty-four
cases in the jail; of which, twenty-seven paid their last debt to
Nature. Nine were sent to the City-Hospital; two of which,
only, recovered. Thirty-five were attended in jail; twenty
of these survived.
On the 18th of August, some of the prisoners in the east
wing attempted to escape. Perhaps they were instigated
from a consideration of the unguarded state of the ci-
ty—the absence of the jailor—and a wish to escape from the
fever. They took the advantage of a visit from the physician.
They seized upon the key of their apartment—forced their
way out, knocked down Mr. Evans, a constable, then one of
the assistant-keepers, and called to the convicts in the yard
to come to their assistance. Mr. Wharton, who was in a dif-
ferent part of the jail, on hearing the alarm, went immedi-
ately to the assistance of the keepers. Miller, the ring-leader,
had an axe lifted to dispatch Mr. Evans, which Mr. R. Whar-
ton, and Mr. G. Gass, an assistant-keeper, observing, pre-
vented, by well-directed balls from their muskets, which
broke the bone of his right arm, and entered his body.-
Mr. Wharton and Mr. Gass fired at the same time: the ball
from the latter, it was generally supposed, proved fatal. 

(95)
Another of the assailants, of the name of Vaughan, struck
Mr. Evans with a bar of iron. He then retreated to his
apartment. Evans pursued him, and lodged a ball in his
lungs. He survived it about twenty-four hours. A Ne-
gro convict wounded another by a bayonet. They even-
tually drove the gang into their apartments. During the
disturbance, the convicts behaved well: They did not even
show a wish to aid the offenders. The bravery and prompt
exertions of Mr. Wharton, deserve a high encomium.—Join-
ed by Mr. Evans and Mr. Gass, the designs of these incorri-
gible villains were happily frustrated, and the city, in all pro-
bability, only thus preserved from devastation and pillage.
An unsuccessful attempt was afterwards made by two of
the criminals, who were confined in the east dungeon.-
They had nearly effected their escape, by undermining the
wall, when first discovered.
On the night of the 18th of October, seven of the prisoners
were successful in making their escape. They undermined
the wall of the east wing, and got off; and only two of the
banditti were taken.
Several sea-port towns in the United States, besides Phila-
delphia, have been inflicted with the same calamity this sum-
mer. It visited New-York about the 28th or 30th of July,
nearly at the same period as it did here. The first public
intimation of its introduction there, was made on the 6th of
August. The citizens did not generally leave the town till
the end of August, and towards the beginning of Septem-
ber. Then the disease had made considerable progress. The
deaths amounted from twenty-three to twenty-five a-day.—
It is estimated, that one-third to one-half of the whole inha-
bitants left that city. It continued to rage till the 8th or 10th
of November. Puring this period, the deaths amounted to two
thousand and eighty-six. One thousand five hundred and
twenty-four, of these, fell victims to its rage. The enquiries
made, to ascerrain its cause, have generally been directed to
those objects which tend to prove its domestic origin. Hence,
perhaps, it is, that this idea is the most prevalent there.
Its introduction in Boston happened about the first of
July. On the 4th of August, the selectmen had a con-
sultation with the physicians: From whose reports, it appear-
ed, that only sixteen persons had died with that disease since
its first appearance; and that there were but ten persons
then sick: That in all the cases, the probability was, that

(96)
"the infection was taken in or near the Town-dock." That
the disease did not appear, in any instance, to be communica-
ted from one person to another; "no physician, nurse, or
attendant on the sick, having, at that time, taken the disor-
der."
At the same consultation, the physicians gave their opinion,
that lobsters and oysters, at that season of the year, and until
the middle of September, were extremely pernicious to the
health, and predisposed the body to putrid disorders.
From this time, a regular report of the number of deaths
and of the sick was published, by order of the selectmen, sign-
ed by Wm. Cooper, town-clerk. On the 20th of August, there
were twenty sick; on the 31st, they increased to thirty-
two, and continued to increase until the 26th of September,
when there were ninety-seven cases. Afterwards, it gradu-
ally abated until the 6th of October; when it was checked
at the approach of frost, and a succession of cold weather.—
On the 18th, the inhabitants were invited to return from
exile.
It made its appearance at Portsmouth, (N.H) about
the 20th of July, and raged until the beginning of October.
Previous to the 20th of August, eleven persons died, seven-
teen were sick on the 24th, five on the 10th of Septem-
ber; and but only one case appeared on the 5th of October.
A committee of health was instituted: they made their first
report on the 20th of August. Whether its inhabitants ge-
nerally ascribe this scourge to importation, or to domestic
origin, cannot be determined by us, nor, perhaps, by them.
A few cases occurred in Newport, (R.I.) which excited
alarm; but, upon investigation, made by the town-council,
they traced the cause to the shipping, or to persons who had
taken the contagion in New-York. It did not generally
spread, nor was the mortality great.
New-London, in Connecticut, was also partially visited.
On the 18th of September, forty-six were sick. The great-
est number of new cases occurred between the 20th and 25th
of September. It ceased about the end of October.
Some cases appeared in Portland, Maine. It did not there
rapidly spread.
Shortly after its commencement in Philadelphia, it extended
to the neighbouring towns. At Wilmington, (Delaware,) it
raged, at least with equal violence, if not superior, in pro-
portion to the number of inhabitants, than it did in our city.
They traced its origin to a communication with Philadel-
phia. It subsided nearly at the same time as here. Two 

(97)
hundred and fifty-two died. Fifty died at Chester, and at
Marcus-Hook, fifty-two—at Chew's Landing, a small vil-
lage in New-Jersey, ten miles from Philadelphia, twenty-six
died—and at Cooper's Ferry, opposite to the city, about the
same number. There were also many cases at Trenton,
Lamberton, Frankford, Bristol, &c. Many fell victims.—
In Germantown and its neighbourhood, fifty-eight ca-
ses occurred, of which thirty-three died: thirty-seven of the
cases were actually in Germantown: of these, twenty died.
Some went from the city with the disease on them;
others were out but one day previous to being attacked;
but, generally, at about three, and sometimes six days
after. In some instances, it was not taken till they had
been out ten, twelve, sixteen, and even twenty-one days.
The period between receiving it, and its coming into action,
varied in different constitutions. In the full and vigo-
rous, it was less than in the debilitated. Intemperance, a
dread of it, fatigue or exposure to the sun, facilitated its ac-
tion. Its violence was, in some cases, as great as in the city,
and its termination in death as speedy; but, in general, the
cases were protracted. Some had the black-vomit, and ex-
pired in convulsions, and a great number of the successful, as
well as unsuccessful cases, assumed a yellowish colour.
The following paragraphs, from newspapers, state that it
raged in several other parts of the continent; but, we are not,
however, in possession of any other evidence:
"One-sixth part of the usual number of inhabitants, re-
siding at City-Point (V.), have been swept off in the course
twenty-odd days"—"that the fatal malady was spread by
the ship Nestor, of Portland, captain Wait, which vessel arri-
ved at City-Point, from Philadelphia, on the 24th August,
having thrown four dead hands overboard on her passage.—
Being without hands to load with tobacco, Negroes were cal-
led upon; and, out of eleven, thus employed, ten have died.
Almost every case can be traced to this vessel."
"Bilious fevers are unusually numerous and obstinate in
many parts of the country; and, in several interior towns,
very fatal. At New-Milford, great sickness prevails, and the
fever has the essential symptoms of yellow fever. At Roy-
alton, on White-River, in Vermont, and on the Grand-Isles,
in Lake Champlain, the yellow fever prevails with considera- 

(98)
ble mortality. The disease has the characteristic symptoms
of the genuine yellow fever, and terminates fatally in about
six days. Royalton is situated on the bend of White-River,
on a dry, gravelly soil, but enclosed by very high mountains, 
which really make the position of the town, a deep valley.
"At Windsor, in Vermont, a similar fever prevails. This
is on Connecticut river; the banks of which are high in that
neighbourhood, and make little or no marsh; but, the town
is almost surrounded by mountains. In such positions, there
is a great accumulation of heat, from the reverberated rays
of the sun in hot weather; and, in all such situations, the
human race are more exposed to autumnal fevers and dysen-
sery, than on hills which overlook the surrounding country."
"Baltimore has happily escaped this year. Their sufferings,
in 1797, convinced them of the propriety of an efficient qua-
rantine law, and a strict attention to cleanliness. Their care
and their success is a good example to other cities. Their
mayor enforced a strict compliance with the ordinance for
clearing the gutters, and removing every kind of filth, not
only from the streets, but from the houses and lots. He also
solicited the different fire-companies, to have their engines fre-
cently exercised in watering the streets. This was complied
with, as it was deemed necessary to guard against its domes-
tic generation. On the 10th of Auguft, the Board of Health
ordered that all vessels, arriving from any of the West-India
islands, laden with certain cargoes, which they particularly
Specified, should be prohibited by the health-officer from
coming up into port; out, that the cargo thereof should be
discharged into another vessel, while it remained in the river,
and that necessary care should be observed to purify the same,
before it should be admitted into the city. Communication
between Baltimore and the cities of Philadelphia, New-York,
"Wilmington, &c. was prohibited, under certain restrictions,
by proclamations of the mayor, bearing date August 18th,
and September 15th."
The governor of South-Carolina issued a proclamation, di-
recting that all vessels which should arrive at Charleston, from
Philadelphia, or any port or place on the river Delaware,
should be brought to, under the guns of Fort-Johnson, and
perform quarantine.
Many other places in the United States adopted similar
measures. In the different ports of Great-Britain, our ves-
sels were also obliged to ride quarantine.

(99)
CHAPTER V.
Desultory remarks-Incidents during the calamity.
THE following is taken from a newspaper of August 6th:
"Humanity must surely recoil at the circumstance, but the
fact is certain, that a poor, distressed object of human woe,
was forcibly landed, on the morning of Friday last, from a
vessel, at the public wharf at the hay-scales, in the district of
the Northern-Liberties, at 11 o'clock; and lay exposed there,
without shelter, the same night, and remained under the de-
bilitating heat of Saturday, until one o'clock, when the poor
sufferer expired, without receiving the friendly aid of huma-
nity to support him in the last moments of life. His corpse
was afterwards suffered to be interred at the expense of a
few charitable citizens.
Query-Whence, and from what cause, does this apathy
of the police of the district of the Northern Liberties arise?
Are, or are not, the funds, established by law, adequate to
discharge common acts of humanity?
"August 6. VERITAS."
It is almost impossible to conceive the miseries which
some of our unfortunate fellow-mortals were doomed to sus-
tain. We give the following incidents as a picture, though
imperfect:
"About the middle of August, a German, a stranger in the
place, applied to be admitted into the Pennsylvania Hospi-
tal. His case did not come strictly within their cognizance,
and he was refused. He then solicited an entrance into the
alms-house; but having the dysentery, and not being entitled
to a place of residence there, he was unsuccessful. His next
application was to the Health-Officer of the port; but he
conceiving himself unauthorized to send him to the City-
Hospital, the poor wretch was turned away, without any
hope of relief. What became of him, is not known; but 

(100)
the despondency depicted in his countenance, produced a
correspondent sentiment of sympathy in the minds of many,
all of whom seemed to regret his unhappy condition, though
none knew in what manner to grant him the aid he required."
The body of a man was found in the house of captain Ste-
vens, which was almost ate up by vermin. The family had
left the house about a month previous. Three days after
which, it was opened to get out some goods, and shut up
again till the end of September; when a captain Skaidmore
procured the key to take out a chest. As soon as he opened
the door, such an offensive stench issued out of it, as indu-
ced him, and a boy who accompanied him, to retreat. They
were both, shortly after, taken sick. The body was suffered
to remain till evening; when two negroes were hired, for
sixteen dollars, to throw the corpse into the river. No trace
was left to distinguish whether it was the remnant of a white
or of a black man, excepting his having long brown hair.—
It is true, though very extraordinary, that the family do not
know how he got in, nor what soul had possessed the
body. They left no person, to their knowledge, in the house.
It was well secured, and they found it so. He lay under a
cot-bedstead, and had nothing on but a shirt. Even a woman
who afterwards cleansed the house, took sick and died.—
Hence, a father, a mother, a wife, or perhaps his children,
will, daily, hope to find him; but, while this anticipa-
tion may lull their minds from too-deeply grieving at his loss,
no trace remains of him. They do not know that he is
gone to "that bourne from whence no traveller returns."
A man was found dead in a house in Front, near Walnut-
street. The corpse was first discovered, by an offensive smell.
From the time that elapsed after the family left the house,
it is thought, it laid there, at least, a month. It was in so
high a state of putrefaction, that it was removed by pieces
to the coffin in which it was deposited.
A man was found dead in a sail-loft, who was seen, appa-
rently hearty, only three days previous.
A French gentleman was found dead in a house in Vine,
near Front-street.The corpse was discovered only by a putrid
effluvia. No person lived in the house with him. 

(101)
A woman was found dead in Water-street. The corpse
laid one day before it was discovered. Her young child
was alive upon the same bed with her.
The corpse of a woman was found on the commons, also
of two men at No. 171, North Second-street.
The corpse of a man was found in Water-street. It was
carefully laid out, and wrapped in a sheet, ready for the
coffin.
September 23—A person was found dead in Eighth, be-
tween Race and Vine-streets. On the 25th, a child was
found dead, on the commons, near Potter's-field. On the
27th, the body of a man was discovered on the wharf below
Mr. Wharton's counting-house.
October 16-A dead woman was found in a house at the
corner of Eighth and Shippen-streets.
About the 16th of August, a person, passing through
Union, between Second and Third-streets, perceived a nox-
ious effluvia, of the nature of that which is emitted by cof-
fee, in a state of putrefaction. He was next day seized with
a severe illness, and died in a few days.
About the 24th of August, a person went home in a
fright, from having seen a yellow-looking man. He took
sick, and died in eight days.
The case of Jane Doron, at the City-Hospital, is some-
what remarkable: She was, to all appearance, dead. A
coffin was brought, and other preparations for her interment
pursued. But some doubt remained in the mind of Dr. May,
the physician. He returned—and, upon examining her bo-
dy, he felt a warmth, near the heart, yet without any palpi-
tation. Urged by this, he then resolved to try his utmost ef-
forts. He began to rub her arm, in order to bring on a pulse
by friction. The steward, who was also present, laid hold of
the other arm, and followed the example. In two hours, she
shewed symptoms of life, first, by a quivering at the region
of the heart, and a few hours afterwards, by an hysteric
fit, which went off with a copious effusion of tears. She re-
covered.
O 

(102)
Mr. J. Conchy's son died of the calamity. The same day
his daugter went to the river to bring water: She fell in, and
Was drowned. 
A person  entered the house of Mr. M'P-. He men-
tioned that he had just put a body in a coffin. This alarmed
Mrs. M'P-. She immediately took sick. Distress,
unusually accumulated, soon followed. Mrs. M'P-
and a child were attacked. Mrs. M'P-'s mother and
brother went to assist them. They were likewise seized; and
all died but Mr. and Mrs. M'P-: nor did distress end
here:-Whilst they were in state of convalescence, they were
recommended to move to a more airy, and less-infected situ-
ation. On their removal, they hired a white nurse; having
previously experienced the negligence of several black ones.
But, she proved to be more abandoned. She let in some per-
sons during the night. Their noise alarmed Mr. M'P-,
who was but just able to walk. He went to inquire what
was going on; but, he found them gone, and fire on the floor
in several places. They were robbed of cash, plate, &c.—
Even the body-clothes of the two patients, who were in bed,
were carried off.
In many families the mortality was general. Three bodies
have been taken out of one house at one time. Whole fami-
lies were, in several instances, swept off. Mr. Wiles's wife
died on the 26th of September. By the time the hearse
came for the corpse, his son was dead, his journeyman died
the same day; next day Mr. Wiles died, and his brother-in-
law next day after.
Mr. Scott, a stout, robust man, in delirium, ran into the
street in his shirt and night-cap; and walked up several 
squares, before he was overtaken. A patient made his escape
from the Hospital with nothing on but his shirt, and went
to his lodgings, in Water-street, (a distance of two miles);
when he arrived, he was covered with blood: It was caused
by his removing the bandages from the orifice, where he was
bled at the Hospital.
The screams of a woman, who died at No. 32, Carter's-
alley, were heard to the distance of Strawberry-alley, on the
one side, and Dock-street on the other. The wall of the
room was sprinkled with blood, that issued from her mouth,
upwards of two feet from where her head lay. 

(103)
Some were attacked in the street, others on the commons,
and there generally laid till a coach came to carry them to
the Hospital.—Drunkards, lying in the street, have also been
sent to the Hospital, supposed to have the fever.
Many scenes occurred to the drivers of the sick coachees,
which were calculated to soften hearts the most hardened!
Fathers and mothers delivered to them their sick children,
children their parents, wives their husbands, husbands their
wives, &c. &c. but most frequently, masters their servants
and landlords their lodgers.
A gentleman who remained in the city during the cala-
mity, principally from an intention of assisting his suffering
fellow-creatures, in taking his rounds one morning, met
with a man lying in a gutter; who, in his agony, had much
bruised himself and torn his cloaths. A number of people
at a distance were viewing him; but none ventured to his as-
sistance. His own son had deserted him! Shocking to hu-
manity! Had it not been for the interference of the above
gentleman, he must have died, to the reproach of human
nature, like a beast! He was removed to the Hospital, where
the last moments of this afflicted man were somewhat assuag-
ed by the lenient hand of attention. He lived but a few
hours after he was removed from the gutter.
A gentleman of New-Jersey, went to Germantown.
When arrived, he felt overcome by heat and fatigue; but,
notwithstanding, he transacted his business; and immediate-
ly set off to return home. On his way in the road, which
leads from Frank ford to Germantown, perceiving a pleasant
place under the shade of a tree, he laid down, with an intention
of resting himself. Several persons, who passed by, expressed
their pity for his situation, supposing him ill with the fever,
but took good care to keep on the other side of the road. At
length, a lady, with her daughter, who happened to be rid-
ing by, perceived him, and supposing him ill of the fever,
ordered her servant to drive up to the fence. The gentle-
man, surprized, raised himself up, and the lady in a sympa-
thizing tone of voice, desired to know if he was unwell. He
informed her he was not. But she supposing he was unwil-
ling to confess it, pressed him, that if he had the fever, and
no friends near, she would take him to her house, which
was close by, and nurse him herself. The gentleman, im-

(104)
pressed with gratitude, arose, thanked her, and declared that
he was only fatigued, and had not been in Philadelphia.
A person from Philadelphia, travelling in west New-Jersey,
stopped at the house of Mr. Craig, a miller, where he was
attacked with the fever: he died in a few days. During his ill-
ness, he was nursed by Mrs. Craig both day and night, who
would not let any others go nigh him. She remained with
him till he died, and even assisted to lay him in a coffin.
A woman of Wilmington, after losing one of her fami-
ly with the fever that raged there, fled with her five children
to the house of her hither, a few miles from Chester.—
He possesses a large house, farm, &c. On their approach,
her father's house-keeper came to the gate, and forbid them
to enter, at the same time fastened it. The fugitives took
shelter in a school-house, nearly opposite, and received daily
support, for near three weeks, from the neighbours generally,
the father's family excepted.
During the height of the calamity, it was difficult to pro-
cure nurses. The hire was from one to five dollars per day!
Richard Allen and William Gray, two men of colour, were
very serviceable in assisting to procure nurses. They recom-
mended none but those whom they supposed could be trusted.
A young man, of the name of Henry Bullyberger, of Phi-
ladelphia, moved to Upper-Providence, Delaware county,
about fifteen miles from Philadelphia. Contrary to the in-
junctions of his friends, he secretly visited Philadelphia to
see his relations. He went to the Hospital burying-ground:
he there saw seventeen interred. His sister and her husband,
whom he visited, took the fever, with himself, who all died
in the space of nine days,
Many facts appear, which evidence that the yellow fever is
contagious in country places, distant from tide-water, marshes,
&c. In Germantown, the infection was, in several cases,
communicated from one to another.

(105)
Table of daily returns for August.
City Hospital.
Days. New Cases. Admitted. Died. Cured. Remaining. Total Deaths in 1798. Total Deaths in 1793.
1 Total till this date. total till this date.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 53 66
9 4 1 2 12 11
10 9 1 10 7 6 
11 11 2 19 16 7 
12 7 6 18 20 5 
13 9 4 23 17 11 
14 3 4 22 20 4 
15 6 6 22 27 9
16 7 2 27 17 7 
17 10 3 2 32 15 6
18 15 3 3 32 19 5 
19 9 7 2 32 24 9 
20 5 5 1 30 16 7 
21 50 11 3 38 20 8 
22 38 11 3 46 31 13 
23 42 11 20 10 
24 49 10 11 2 54 25 17 
25 37 8 6 1 55 40 12 
26 111} 18 7 1 65 48 17 
27 19 10 65 34 12 
28 60 8 6 1 67 36 22
29 69 13 8 65 33 24 
30 53 12 8 4 67 45 20 
31 81 18 6 3 77 31 17 
605 222 112 17 626 325 

(106)
Table of daily returns for September.
City Hospital 
Days. 
New Cases. 
Admitted. 
Died. 
Cured. 
Remaining. 
Total Deaths 
in 1798. 
Total Deaths 
in 1793. 
1 107 18 12 2 81 48 17
2 }130 22 7 1 95 41 18
3 } 8 9 5 84 28 11
4 87 18 8 3 91 65 23
5 100 17 10 98 67 20
6 93 25 4 2 116 50 24
7 127 17 13 3 117 52 18
8 110 14 8 2 122 63 42
9 }no re- 16 7 13 120 73 32
l0 }port. 11 13 2 115 74 29
11 9l 14 8 5 117 73 23
12 105 15 9 122 71 33
13 85 16 9 3 125 57 37
14 92 10 8 3 112 61 48
15 97 18 7 4 117 60 56
16 }198 }27 }14 }7 }121 }128 67
17 } } } } } } 81
18 105 17 7 131 57 68 
19 84 32 9 1 151 58 61
20 72 20 9 6 154 69 67
21 126 16 13 158 78 57
22 86 15 7 1 164 68 76
23 }194 15 10 26 142 71 68
24 } 18 15 145 63 96 
25 85 25 8 12 149 80 87 
26 95 14 16 6 140 77 52
27 96 13 7 146 86 60
28 54 13 10 13 136 106 51
29 67 9 8 4 133 75 57
30 10 11 85 63
2486 483 276 124 2004 1442 

(107)
Table of daily returns for October.
City Hospital 
Days. 
New Cases. 
Admitted. 
Died. Cured. 
Remaining. 
Total Deaths 
in 1798. 
Total Deaths 
in 1793. 
1 *100 11 15 22 116 85 74
2 39 19 9 116 83 67
3 41 16 3 12 117 49 78
4 22 8 7 118 46 58
5 25 5 4 16 101 36 71
6 18 9 8 17 85 38 76
7 }48 8 2 25 82
8 } 2 2 6 85 29 90
9 27 6 3 88 20 102
10 32 6 2 14 78 14 93
11 47 7 3 82 43 119
12 36 14 8 87 41 111
13 23 9 2 12 82 27 104
14 }48 8 8 82 40 81
15 } 8 5 85 34 80
16 22 7 4 12 76 32 70
17 27 4 4 76 25 80
18 27 4 3 77 25 59
19 17 4 5 24 52 34 65
20 13 4 2 54 19 55
21 }26 4 1 58 14 59
22 } 3 4 57 20 82.
23 16 1 4 40 22 54
24 10 5 1 14 44 17 38
25 12 5 1 48 16 35
26 12 2 1 49 20 23
27 5 3 1 12 39 20 13
28 }18 3 3 39 16 25
29 } 3 5 7 30 22 l7
30 8 3 3 30 15 16
31 10 2 3 29 16 22
729 191 126 168 943 l999
* This 100 also includes the new cases of the day previous.

(108)
Table exhibiting the number of interments in each
Burying-Ground.
NAMES. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Total 
1798 
Total 
1793
Christ Church 12 44 12 68 173
St. Peter's 25 25 14 64 109
St. Paul's 14 21 9 44 70
First Presbyterian 18 17 12 47 73
Second Presbyterian 18 32 17 67 128
Third Presbyterian 19 33 1 69 107
Scots Presbyterian 19 33
Associate Church 18 12
St. Mary's Church 52 147 38 237 281
Trinity Church 12 34 15 61 54
Friends 24 71 24 119 373
Free Quakers 10 6 7 23 39
Swedes 21 40 18 7975
German Lutheran 54 192 128 374 641 
German Reformed 29 97 66 192 261
Moravians 6 7 13 13
Baptists 5 29 11 45 60
Methodists 9 21 16 46 32
Universalists 9 2
Jews 00 2
African Episcopal and Methodist 5 9 5 19
City Hospital 1716 1334
Kensington 235 169
Coates's 9
3573 4041
Total from the 1st to the 5th Nov. 72
3645
The above table makes the total of deaths amount to 3645.
Our list of the names of the deceased only amounts to 3521;
but, we think it probable, that the total mortality, occasion-
ed by the pestilence, this year, including those who died in
the country, exceeds 4000. 

APPENDIX.
LETTER
From a gentleman of experience and respectability,
TO
THE EDITORS.
I APPROVE your design of publishing a history of the ma-
lignant fever which has ravaged our city, and divers other
parts of America. I hope it will be useful to the citizens of
the United States, and profitable to yourselves. Such light as
may be in my power to throw upon this subject, you shall
have. I propose, therefore, to answer your queries accord-
ing to the best of my judgment, in the order you have sta-
ted them.
Query 1. "Is it" (the disease) " of domestic origin, or
imported ? If one, or the other, be pleased to state the rea-
sons for your opinion."
Answer. I believe the disease, this year, as in the years'93
and '97, to have been imported; and, I will add, contagious :
(this being still doubted by some, and denied by others). My
reasons are as follow. In the years'93 and '97, the disorder
broke out near the river, and spread, with remarkable regula-
rity, up and down the river; going from house to house
and from street to street, until it extended, from the river,
quite to the westward part of the city. In the present year,
it appeared in several parts of the city, distant from each
other, nearly at the same time: From this circumstance,
those gentlemen who had entertained a belief that the dis-
ease we had in '93 and '97 was of domestic origin, appear-
ed confirmed in their opinion ; and concluded that others,
A a 

ii APPENDIX.
must now agree with them, that the disease, both then and
now, originated in this city. If the regular manner in which
the disorder spread over the city, in the years '93 and '97, fur-
nished an argument in favour of its being imported and con-
tagious, so does the manner in which it appeared among us
in the present year, furnish an argument, equally strong, that
it was imported and contagious. Its spreading over the
whole city, in the present year, has been as uniform as it was
before ; although it appeared in different parts of it nearly
at the same time. Two flat-men, who lodged near the sign
of the Cross-Keys, were among the first who died of this
disorder. Two young men, of the names of Ralston and
Beaty, lodged together near the hay-scales, up town ; they
had worked on board the ship Deborah ; were both seized
with the fever, and died. A young man, of the name of Is-
dell, came from Burlington, went on board the Deborah to
see ant acquaintance, was soon after seized with the fever,
and died. Doctor Kheimly attended a young man who died
with the fever ; the Doctor was informed this man belong-
ed to the Deborah. A young man, who belonged to the fa-
mily of the gentleman who owned the Deborah, died of the
fever. It has been repeatedly asserted, that Ely Shoemaker,
and squire Servoss, were on board the Deborah ; they died
of the fever. A gentleman, who lives at Kensington, has as-
sured me, that they were in health until the Deborah was
taken there, to be repaired; that several of the carpenters, who
worked on board her, were seized with the fever and died ;
and, from them, it spread through the place. Doctor Ben-
newell happened to be near this vessel when she was there ;
he was soon after seized with the fever ; it spread through his
family, and some of them died. It is asserted, that a man, of
the name of Philips, who lived in Water-street, between
Walnut-street and the Draw-bridge, went down the river
and brought up one, or more sick men, from the Deborah;
they died : Philips was seized with the disease, and died.-
About the same time, the disorder appeared in the family of
the next neighbour of Philips, and soon after, in divers other
places in the south part of the city, all of which could have
been traced to the neighbourhood where Philips had died.
It now made its appearance up town, about the hay-scales,
where Ralston and Beaty, who had worked on board the
Deborah, died ; and at the Cross-Keys, where two shallop-
men had died. In consequence of my profession, as an apo-
thecary, and persons coming from various parts of the town

iii APPENDIX. 
for medicine, I had an opportunity of discovering "that, al-
though the disease raged violently in many parts of the city
at the same time, yet there were many other parts en-
tirely free from complaint; but, by degrees, the healthy parts
diminished in magnitude, and the sickly parts increased un-
til they met; after which, again, and before the disease had
searched out every part of the town, some parts, where the
disorder had raged violently, became free from disease ;
whilst other parts of the town were visited that before had
been healthy. Near thirty persons have died in a few hou-
ses, opposite this city, in the Jerseys. The case of the vessel,
mentioned in the newspapers, sailing from this city to City-
Point, in Virginia, is a sinking proof of the contagion of
this disease ; from this vessel the disorder spread, and great
numbers of the inhabitants died. About 12 persons, who came
to the annual meeting of the Friends,died. A man came from
Wilmington to this city ; was in Water-street, near Philips's ;
was taken ill soon after he returned home, and died. Some-
time after, a quantity of rags, for a paper-maker, was sent
from this city to Wilmington; several young persons, who
handled them, were taken ill and died: from them, some say,
it spread.
Those who hold that the disorder is of domestic origin,
have said that many places have been visited with as great
mortality, in proportion to their numbers, as this city ; and
who have had no intercourse with any place, so as to have
taken the disorder by infection ; that the first who died
among them, had never been from home. This has been
asserted by some, and contradicted by others. It would be
an arduous task to ascertain the facts, neither is it material.
If this should even be granted, it does by no means prove
what is endeavoured to be inferred from it. If handling a
few rags communicated the disease, as at Wilmington, and
opening a chest of clothes, as was the case at Bordentown,
might not the disorder have been carried, in some such way,
where it has been supposed to have originated, and at the
same time unnoticed ? Has it not been frequently carried in
bales of goods and clothing, from one country to another ?
Is it then to be wondered at, that it should appear in some
places where its communication could not be traced or ac-
counted for ?
In the year '94, this city, Boston and New London, were
clear of the disease ; and New-York and Baltimore, were af-
flicted with it: In the present year, this city, New-York,

iv APPENDIX.
Boston, New-London, and other places, have had it, and
Baltimore was healthy. Now, it is scarcely possible that an epi-
demical disease, originating in some peculiar state of the at-
mosphere, could appear so singular. What extraordinary
phænomenon has appeared, in the elements, to produce
such astonishing effects ? Had some deadly exhalation
arisen from the bowels of the earth—or such a blast of
air, as, at times, appeals in some parts of the world,
where men are suddenly smitten with disease—had the
heavens assumed an appearance very unusual, we might,
then, have had some reason to conclude this disorder
of domestic origin ; but when the weather has been
remarkably serene and pleasant—when the inhabitants of
Philadelphia and Baltimore all breathe the same common
air (unless, indeed, at Baltimore it is less salubrious)-that,
at the same time, a most mortal epidemic, as it is called,
should visit us, and they all enjoy good health! This cannot
be : The disease we have had among us, I believe, has arisen
from no such cause. It is the opinion of some gentlemen of the
faculty, that coffee and grain, in a state of putrefaction, will
generate a putrid fever; but they do not agree in saying, how
far such a fever is contagious : Some, who admit that they
would generate a putrid fever, deny such a fever would be
contagious ; others do not admit that a putrid fever would
arise from such a cause. If coffee or grain, in a state of pu-
trefaction, Will, at any time, generate a contagious putrid
fever, it will at all times do so, the state of the atmosphere
being the same, because the operations of nature are uni-
formly alike ; but, among the farmers and millers in Ame-
rica, no instances of the kind has appeared.
The late doctor Chauvett, who had resided many years in
the West-Indies, always gave it as his opinion, that the fe-
ver, commonly called the West-India fever, from its pre-
vailing there, was not natural to the climate, but was impor-
ted from Africa. Doctor Letsom, of London, in a letter
to a gentleman of the faculty in this city, informs him, that
a vessel sailed from Africa in the year '93, and arrived in the
West-Indies, having a malignant fever on board ; that this
fever spread among the king's troops with great mortality ;
that one remarkable circumstance attending the disease was,
that those who died seldom survived the fifth day. It is now
further well known, that, from the year '93 to the present
time, the fever in the West-Indies has been worse than usu-
al. A master of a vessel, who has sailed to the West-Indies
for some years past, assured me, that, in the year '96, he lay 

v APPENDIX.
near a British man of war of 74 guns, that the fever appea-
red among the crew, and that 30 persons were buried from
her in twenty-four hours. A medical gentleman, with
whom I am acquainted, has further informed me, that he
was on the coast of Africa, in the year 1788, when the ves-
sels that were there, had on board a disease resembling the
one we have had, in all respects. We see, then, in the
year '88, this disorder was in Africa ; doctor Letsom has tra-
ced it from Africa to Philadelphia, in the year '93 ; and that
it has been in the West-Indies from '93 to the present year.
Is it not then more than probable, that it has been repeat-
edly brought from thence to the United States of America ?
That this disease is the plague, or a plague, is evident,
if we attend to the symptoms and circumstances attending
it. In the first place, great prostration of strength attended
the sick from the first attack ; some died in a few hours after
they were taken ill; many died within 24 hours after; but
generally on the fifth day. Many were raving and distrac-
ted, and would have got away from their nurses if they
could. They frequently bled at the mouth and nose, and
died with the black vomit. There is a great resemblance, in
other respects, between the disease we have had, and those
plagues which has visited other countries.
Under the article of plague, in the Encyclopedia, we are
told of a plague that killed scarce any women, and very few
except lusty men. Another plague, mentioned by Boterus,
which assaulted none but the younger sort. Cardon speaks
of a plague at Basil, with which the Switzers were infected,
and the Italians, Germans and French, exempted; and a
dreadful one at Copenhagen, which, though it raged among
the Danes, spared the Germans, Dutch and English, who
went with all freedom, and without the least danger, to the
houses of the infected. During the plague which ravaged
Syria in 1760, it was observed, that people of the soundest
constitutions were the most liable to it, and that the weak
and delicate were either spared, or easily cured : it was most
fatal to the Moors; when it attacked them, it was, generally,
incurable.
The disease we had in the years '93 and 97 was more mor-
tal among men than women ; and was still more so among
the strong and vigorous than among the weak and delicate ;
and rarely attacked any under 14 years of age; the West-
Indians escaped it altogether. In the present year, it seems
to have seized all ages and both sexes, except the West-In-

vi APPENDIX
dians, and they have escaped it as heretofore ; persons lately
from Europe took it readily, and it was generally mortal.
From the foregoing resemblance between the plague,
which has desolated other countries, and the sickness we
have had, we may safely pronounce it a plague. If, then,
this is its proper appellation, it has not generated in Ameri-
ca ; no cause, adequate to the generating such a disease, hav-
ing appeared among us. To say that the elements have un-
dergone some extraordinary change, is merely an assertion
that does not appear to have any foundation. Is there not
a great degree of uniformity in the temperature of the air
and elements, from Massachusetts-Bay to Virginia ? and, yet,
how different has been the sate of the inhabitants, in particu-
lar places, between the one and the other. What salubrity
in the air and elements has Baltimore been blessed with be-
yond Philadelphia, New-York, Bolton, and other places in
the present year, and which it was deprived of in the year
'94, and Philadelphia enjoyed in preference ?
The foregoing are reasons to induce me to believe the disease
we have had, was not an epidemical disease, occasioned by
any peculiar state of the atmosphere, nor occasioned by any
stagnated filth in or near, our city. The disorder we have
had is no less than a plague ; and, as no sufficient cause has
appeared to generate a plague, so, of consequence, it must
have been imported.
It is generally agreed that the plague was never bred, or
propagated, in Britain ; but was always imported there : and
if it be so, may we not, with as much reason, conclude it
was never bred or generated in America ? I do not say this '
is impossible, but only contend it hath never yet happened,
although we have had a disease, in the last war, approaching
thereto, viz. the camp fever.
To what cause, then, shall we attribute the origin of such
a disease ? Not to a few bags of damaged coffee, or vegetable
substances, in a state of putrefaction; this, in my opinion,
would not do it. Although persons approaching such a source
of polluted air might get a fever, yet I cannot believe such
a fever would be contagious. My suspicions are, that this
disease takes its origin from human nature.
There are frequent plagues among the brute creation,
and which are confined to one particular species. I suspect,
then, that those plagues originate in some peculiar manner
among the particular species which are afflicted, whether
dogs, cats, horses, or horned cattle. Plagues, therefore, 

vii APPENDIX. 
among men, originate not by means of damaged grain, cof-
fee, or any vegetable substances, in a state of putrefaction ;
but by means of human nature in a state of peculiar disease,
death and putrefaction. A number of persons crouded to-
gether, in-a narrow apartment, although in perfect health,
will soon generate a disease ; and it will be more malignant
the longer they are confined. A large encampment, if pro-
visions are bad, and the men not kept clean, and impurities
not removed, will generate disease—these are the jail and
camp fever, and resemble a plague in some degree ; but to
render them so virulent, as to become highly contagious,
for they are contagious in some degree, it may possibly re-
quire that most offensive and deadly exhalation, which arise
from the human corps in a state of putrefaction ; this com-
bination of causes, together with a particular state of the
atmosphere, produces, as I suppose, what is properly, and
distinguishedly, called the plague. This effluvia operates
upon persons of a peculiar habit of body, as a poisonous lea-
ven, so as speedily to reduce them to that state of disease, in
which they transmit the same pestilential miasmata, as per-
sons in the small-pox, and some other diseases, propagate
the same disease. I have either read, or heard, of a plague,
arising from a grave having been opened, when the corps was
in a state of putrefaction ; the grave-digger being first seized,
and dying ; from him it spread. That such a cause might
produce a malignant fever, there is no doubt; how far it
would be contagious, depends upon known facts : that the
jail and camp fevers are contagious, in some degree, is true ;
and that human corps, in a state of putrefaction, will com-
municate a malignant and putrid fever, is also true ; that they
may unite together, and, under a peculiar state of the atmos-
phere, constitute a malignant, putrid and contagious fever, is
almost certain ; and I very much doubt whether any thing
short of either one or other of those causes,or these combined,
would produce such a fever. We are told, that an immense
swarm of locusts dying has occasioned a plague. I do not doubt
the story ; yet I do not believe that this disease was conta-
gious or catching from man to man ; an immense number
of locusts, in a state of putrefaction, might contaminate the
air, so as to render it almost fatal for any person to breathe
it. Thousands might die from such a cause ; yet this a
different thing from contagion ; everym an being seized with
such a sickness, derives his disorder immediately from a great
mass of contaminated air ; but a contagious, putrid fever is 

viii APPENDIX.
where the disease communicates an effluvia ; which, being
received by persons of a peculiar habit of body, produces,
in them, the same disease. It is highly probable, as I have
before observed, that every contagious disease with which
mankind are afflicted, arises from some peculiar cause
among the species.
Those gentlemen who believe the disease we have had
was neither imported nor contagious, advance the following
reasons, viz. that very few of those who nursed in the dis-
ease took it; and many others escaped who were much ex-
posed to the contagion, and that it did not spread in the
country. It is, indeed, one consoling circumstance attending
the disease, that there did not appear that danger in nursing
in it, as might have been apprehended from so malignant a
disease ; but it does not therefore follow that it is not, or was
not, contagious. It is true, there are some persons of that
peculiar habit of body which do not take the disease, let
them be ever so much exposed to it; were not this the case,
the world would soon be depopulated.
It has been said, that some of those who nursed at the
hospital, in the midst of great contagion, enjoyed their
health ; but leaving the hospital, and coming into town, they
caught the disorder. From this, it is inferred, that the dis-
ease was not contagious in itself; but that the danger arose
from the peculiar state of the atmosphere in the city. Ad-
mitting the facts to be as above stated, I account for the
nurses escaping the sickness at the hospital, and taking it in
the city, upon ether principles. The hospital is a building
which stands alone, and well aired, and was kept clean ; the
miasmata, arising from the sick, was speedily extinguished,
or carried away by the free admission of the air : this, to-
gether with the contiguous vegetation, and the salubrious ex-
halations arising therefrom, rendered it much safer, than
where buildings erected, with brick, are crowded together,
and the streets paved. By those means, the air must have
been much more disposed to spread contagion, and to add
virulecney to the disease.
I have now answered your query with respect to the ori-
gin of the disorder, and, have further given you some reasons
why I believe it to be contagious, many others might be ad-
vanced.
2dly, You request to be informed of " the time when
the first case appeared, and where ?"
On the 2d of July, Mark Miller died, as has been re- 

ix APPENDIX. 
ported, with the usual symptoms of the yellow fever. And
as this case could not be traced to any vessel from the West-
Indies, it has been used as an argument in favour of its do-
mestic origin : But, it is said, the bed on which he slept, at his
lodgings in Callowhill-street, was one on which a young
man laid, while he had the yellow fever in the year '97. If
this be true, as I believe the disease to be of the pestilential
kind, it accounts for his having taken the disorder, and points
out the necessity of well cleansing houses. There were di-
vers other persons who died in the month of June and July,
(whose names I have forgot) with symptoms, as it was said,
very much resembling the yellow fever ; and those gentle-
men who hold that the fever originated among us, advance
these cases as additional arguments in favour of their hypo-
thesis: But, might they not have died in consequence of
contagion remaining, either in beds or cloathing from the
preceding year, or from some vessels from the West Indies ?
for, the disease is there, and no doubt has been brought by
other vessels besides the Deborah and Mary; or might not
those persons have died of a billious fever, such as that which
sometimes prevails in the summer season, which is not con-
tagious, yet, in its symptoms, is very much like the malig-
nant fever we have had among us ? It may be said, that if
those persons had received the disorder either by a vessel
from the West-Indies, from pestilential miasmata, remaining
in beds or cloathing, the disorder would have spread from
them over the city. This does not follow, neither. There is
no doubt but that a certain pre-disposition, in the air, is ne-
cessary, in order for it to spread, and a pre-disposition of body
also to receive it. A warm summer produces this effect: it
both renders the atmosphere disposed to spread the disease,
and the habits of bodies among the people to receive it, and
also it may require the summer season to produce this effect,
so as for it to spread generally, yet some individuals may take
it earlier. This sentiment seems corroborated from a great
number having had the disorder since it has generally aba-
ted ; for, as some have taken the disorder since the weather
has been so favourable as to have very much extinguished
it, so some might have taken it from previous contagion, be-
fore the season was such as to promote a general infection.
Your third query is, " What were the general appear-
ances of the disease ? Were they any way different from the
year '93." Answer. The general appearances of the disease
Bb 

x APPENDIX.
so nearly resembled the appearances in the year '93, as evi-
dently shewed it to be the same disease, yet more malignant
and mortal. In the year '93, scarce any took the disorder
under 14 or 15 years of age: it was less mortal among wo-
men than men. In the present year, it has been very mortal
among all ages, and both sexes.
4th. You query, " What were the successful modes of
treatment? did they differ from former practice ?"
Answer. The most successful mode of treating this disor-
der, appeared to be, either by salivating the patient as spee-
dily as possible, or by promoting a copious sweat, on the
first symptoms appearing ; then to open the body well, and
by keeping it open with moderate purges, and frequent
clystering. Altho' the lancet was not so frequently used as
heretofore, yet, in some cases, it was, in my opinion, very
proper. The regimen should be of the cooling kind; such as
that generally known and practised in malignant fevers. If
the patient should be seized with a pain in the stomach,
which is sometimes the case, and it is an unfavourable
symptom, I have known extraordinary good effects produced
by fomenting the part with a decoction of flaxseed. There
is no disease which depends more upon the nurse; for, if
your physician is ever so skilfull, if your nurse is inatten-
tive, you may, nevertheless, lose your friend ; and, it is on
this account, that this disease has been more mortal than
otherwise it would have been. I have been informed by a
young man, who nursed in the disorder, at Wilmington,
that the mortality was considerably less among those who
were laid under tents, and upon the ground, with only
straw under them, than among those who were attended
in the usual way in dwelling houses.
5th. You query, " Was the disease in any case infec-
tious, when carried into the country, distant from tide-wa-
ter ?"
Answer. This disease was infectious at Germantown:
eight or ten persons took it in two or three families. This
disorder will be most mortal in cities that are large, and po-
pulous, (whether they are on tide-water or not,) on account
of houses depriving each other of a free admission and cir-
culation of the air, the encreased heat of cities, and their
being deprived of the salubrity of vegetation, and the occu-
pation of many citizens confining them within doors.
6th. You ask, "What estimate do you make of the num- 

xi APPENDIX. 
ber who have died in the country,? How long were they
out ? Or whether, with them, it assumed such fatal or vio-
lent appearances as here ?"
Answer. I have taken no pains to ascertain the numbers
who have died in the country; but they are much greater than
the numbers were in the year '93; neither have I taken any
pains to ascertain what length of time they were out. With
respect to those who were seized with the disorder in the
country, it appeared to be as fatal as in the city, although
it did not spread as it did in the city: the reason for which,
I conceive to be, country houses are better aired, and the
advantages they have of the salubrious effects of vegetation.
7thly. " What are the best means of preventing its intro-
duction or generation, or to prevent its attack, when gene-
rated, besides that of flight?"
Answer. As this disorder is unquestionably imported from
the West-Indies, the best means of preventing its introduc-
tion is, to stop all trade there for a few months in the year,
or to oblige vessels to perform a more effectual quarantine
than has been observed heretofore. The best way to pre-
vent an attack of the disease, when introduced among us,
besides that of flight, is, to keep your person and your habi-
tation sweet and clean, use moderate exercise in the open
air, not to stand still in the sun, and avoid taking cold; to
live temperately, yet by no means too abstemiously, nor to
take purgatives by way of prevention; and, above all things,
to acquire, if possible, a magnanimous mind that does not
fear death. I know of no better preventatives than the fore-
going; yet, as the disease is the plague, I believe many
would take it, if exposed to the contagion, let them use
whatever precaution they may.
8thly. " What are the best means of cleansing houses,
clothes, &c. of the infected, and of destroying contagion ?"
Answer. Gunpowder flashed in an infected room will ex-
pel the foul air, and replace it with air free from conta-
gion; but, that every closet and crevice may be searched,
shut your room close up, stop the fire-place, set a pan of
coals in the middle of the room, on which throw a quantity
of brimstone, and fill your room with the fumes; or, take a
handful of common salt, or salt-petre, and with it, about half
a pound of oil of vitriol, hanging, at the same time, wear-
ing apparel, or any other article which you may apprehend
is infected, in the room. These fumes will penetrate every
thing thoroughly, and cleanse them from infection. Linens 

xii APPENDIX.
may be cleansed by steeping them in ley, and woolens in
soap suds. White-wash your walls with lime, and wash your
floors with ley. To bury an infected article in the ground
ten days will cleanse it.
9thly. " Are there any particular classes of persons more
subject to it than others."
Answer. It appears that some persons are more liable to
take it than others. In this respect, it corresponds with some
other plagues which have appeared at different times, I
know of no instance of a West-Indian taking the disorder,
although there was many in the city during the whole sick-
ness. Europeans have taken it very readily, and it has been
generally mortal among them. Of the Americans in the year
'93, I know of but few who took it under 14 or 15 years
of age, and as I have observed before, it was more mortal
among men than women; and it has been more mortal then
and the present year, among the robust arid sanguinary, than
among persons of a spare habit of body. Of hard drinkers,
scarce one in twenty have recovered. S. W.
TO THE EDITORS
OF THE
HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
Gentlemen,
I HAVE received your circular letter of the 9th of No-
vember, containing queries relative to the epidemic, which
lately ravaged our city and other places on this continent.
The good that may result from your undertaking is obvious,
if it only contributes to propagate those opinions which
will lead us to efficacious measures for the preservation of a
great population. Many old countries have protected them-
selves against plagues and malignant fevers, and why should
we not imitate their improvements to obtain the same bless-
ings? I have now but little to say on the various topics of so
interesting a subject, yet, I think it is the duty of every in- 

xiii APPENDIX.
dividual, to submit to the public any observation that he may
deem conducive to relieve us from one of the greatest cala-
mities. That duty I endeavoured to fulfil last year, and I
would be obliged to repeat what I have already published, if
I were to answer all your queries. I shall, however, content
myself with a few observations that have occurred during
one year more of experience.
" Is the yellow fever of some domestic origin ?" Men wishing for spe-
culative demonstration, might perhaps be satisfied with what
has been already said in the affirmative of this question, and
chiefly by the opinion of the majority of the learned in the
United States; but, if a proof of another kind is acceptable—
a proof of fact and of experimental demonstration, such a
proof has been offered to me by a singular circumstance;
and I beg your readers will weigh it with impartiality, while
their candour will require no further evidence than that
which is in the power of one witness to give.
A gentleman from a foreign country, who arrived during
our late epidemic, informed me, that although he was quite
healthy, and had lived many years in one of the West-In-
dia islands, he did experience a disagreeable impression
from our atmosphere chiefly during the first days of his ar-
rival; and that he had even felt some fever, which just-
ly alarmed him. In consequence, he fixed his residence at
two miles distant from town, where he never suffered any kind
of indisposition; yet, as he frequently came into the city, he
then always discovered that our atmosphere was impregnat-
ed with corrupted effluvia, which he could assimilate to no-
thing better than to the effluvia from rotten wood. This ef-
fect was very surprising to him; for he admired the regula-
rity and the cleanliness of this town in general. I answered,
that if I could add to his observation a greater evidence than
that of a single individual, I could derive from it a convinc-
ing proof, that the origin of our epidemic was a contagion
abundantly floating in our atmosphere, and incessantly re-
newed in it. It was obvious to suppose that this gentleman
was endowed with a particular degree of acuteness in his
olfactory organs, which power, however, is not very uncom-
mon, and which many among us do not perceive, being ac-
customed to live in a vitiated atmosphere. But how could an
imported disorder produce such an alteration in it? Are not
populous towns in Europe productive of much more corrupt-
ed vapours, than those that can arise from a few patients
scattered about? and yet none of them, except in the Le- 

xiv APPENDIX.
vant, are productive of pestilence. Moreover, all the houses
here, few excepted, were shut up during the last prevalence,
2nd almost none could produce the usual share of corruption
which must continually arise from inhabited places. It rested
with me to collect as much evidence as I could of an important
fact, because the assertion of the above gentleman extended
to all the minutes which he passed in town, and at every time
of his coming into it from the house where he lodged in the
country. It was consequently agreed between us that he
would submit to a trial, by which I could render both his
unprejudiced veracity, and the acuteness of his smelling pow-
er, unquestionable proofs of an existing contagion in our at-
mosphere. I then desired him to come with me, while I
visited my patients. If I stopped at any place or house where
there was no sick, I would leave to him to discriminate
whether effluvia or corrupted miasma could be smelled in the
neighbourhood or in the entries around. This observation
was very difficult to make; but I thought it could not be im-
possible to a man who could distinguish such alterations in
the atmosphere: it was besides grounded on the opinion and
the fact of noxious vapours sensibly arising from the beds or
bodies of patients in the yellow fever, arid possibly diffusing
at a great distance. The man accepted the task, and fulfilled
it wonderfully well. At every place where I stopped or went
in, he was able to tell whether a patient was in it or not:
he could also discover when I had put myself too much in
contact with the sick. But I objected that the contagi-
ous miasma, which he perceived so strongly in the neigh-
bourhood and in the houses of the sick, might be supposed
to be the cause of the corrupted vapours, which he had ob-
served in the atmosphere. He could not think so, he said,
because they were quite different, and he was now smelling
a new sort of human or animal putrefaction which he had
not yet in any degree smelled in the general currents of the
air, within the avenues and the streets of the city. For a
last trial, I took with me a clean white pocket handkerchief,
and left it a few minutes in the bed of a patient. I wrapped
it up again in a sheet of paper. At the first interview with
the gentleman, I suddenly unfolded it, and shook it in his
presence, and pretty near him, when he suddenly complain-
ed of my diffusing very strong and corrupted vapours, such
as he had smelled before at my patients' houses. I finally
remained satisfied of the extreme acuteness of the senses of
the observer, and of his veracity in ascertaining that our 

xv APPENDIX.
atmosphere was contaminated with corrupted vapours. That
the air is constantly renewed and purified of any kind of im-
pure emanations, even without wind, is a fact that experi-
ence teaches us, in every populous town, and at any season
of the year ; but, such effects cannot take place, when the
local sources of corruption, as the wharves, &c. are in a con-
tinual fermentation. This was doubtless the case of Phila-
delphia. Then, it is not surprising, that our atmosphere should
bread fevers, contagion and death !
To unprejudiced people, it will appear impossible that an
imported disorder could contaminate the whole atmosphere
during three months, and when so few people remain in it.
The other point to which I may advert, in answer to your
letter, is the proportion of those who recovered by the be-
nefit of medical art, and by the method of treatment which
has been generally employed by the greatest number of our
physicians. In giving such estimate, however, I wholly con-
fine it within my own opinion, and those of a few medical
friends. Owing to the greater degree of malignancy of the
last epidemic, it should seem that the success of our prac-
tice has not surpassed that of the year '97, although the best
remedies were more generally employed. It is true, that it
is the peculiar character of a contagious disorder to increase
its deplorable effects in proportion to the degree of alarm that
it spreads; for, patients altogether given up to the most shock-
ing despair, and destitute of proper assistance, must necessa-
rily soon become victims of the sickness. These considera-
tions, oblige us, gentlemen, to limit our reckoning among or
from the patients who were timely and properly assisted; and
of those, I think, that six recovered out of seven. If it was
made known that this just and true proportion of the sick reco-
vered, by more respectable authorities than that of an indivi-
dual, instead of so many dreadful accounts of deaths incessantly
published, certainly the people at large would at least be sup-
ported by a consoling and relieving hope, and in fact, they
would be more careful of themselves; for, those who cannot
conveniently remove from the seat of the infection, would
be more attentive in procuring medical assistance, for which
they apply too late or not at all, for want of confidence in its
remedies, and because they are not at all apprised of their
effectual applications. I shall also take the liberty to suggest,
that the public authority might easily obviate the disadvantage
of the absence of many of our regular physicians, by granting
to those who choose to remain in the infected places, the

xvi APPENDIX.
means of attending as many patients as they could, if they
are not used to keep the accommodation of a carriage.
One objection may be made against the above proportion
Of the patients recovered under the help of medical art, if we
attend, without explanation, to a comparative statement on
that subject, published by the health office, the 21st of Sep-
tember. So it stood;
Number of cases reported by physicians, 2472
Of which have been sent to the hospital, 535
Of which number died, only 276
Whilst the number of deaths, in the City and Liber-
ties, had been nearly three-fourths, that is to say, out of
1935 cases in it, died 1424
The health office was solicitously impelled to publish the
above statement, in order to convince the people, that there
was a great danger for them to slay in town, and that the
assistance prepared for them in the city-hospital was far bet-
ter than any they could procure in the city: in all respects
that intention was laudable; and, in many, the consequences
were true; but it behoves a physician to explain, why such
a great number as the half of the sick died in the hospital,
and why three-fourths have fallen victims in town.
I never granted to a sick person an order for admission in-
to the city-hospital, but I lamented that it was too late, be-
cause one or two days had been lost, by the patient indulging
himself in the opinion, that his case was not the yellow fe-
ver, or trying some remedies recommended by their neigh-
bours; or foolishly delaying to take a resolution, which igno-
rance and prejudice rendered very painful to every one of
them. To that delay, one or two days were added before the
patient would be admitted into the hospital, owing to ne-
glect in transmitting the order to the officers of the board
of health, or to the want of some body who could be sent
for the carriage, or to accidental delays of other kinds.
Thus, it may be justly observed, to the honour of the physi-
cians employed in the city-hospital, that most of the patients
they received were taken sick three or four, and many four or
five days previous to their admission; yet, at that time, they
had cured half of them.
We were in town witnesses to almost the same neglects,
delays, and prejudices, among the sick who called for our as-
sistance. Many refused to be sent to the hospital, who died
destitute of nurses and the most necessary remedies; while
they surely were not benefited by our atmosphere. They 

xvii APPENDIX. 
Were also injured by the heat, narrowness and uncleanliness
of their houses and clothes. As the yellow fever has often
the surprising effect of suspending any kind of painful sensa-
tion, many felt as if nothing of consequence ailed them, till
the approach of death. If, on the contrary, they were attacked
with violent symptoms, they were abandoned even by their
nearest relations; but few charitable and judicious nurses could
be found; of the remaining physicians, many were sick and con-
fined. In short, I have seen about sixty or seventy patients, all
of the above description; the greatest part died; and it surely
will be granted, that if they had received proper assistance,
the greater part must have recovered; and, for the truth and
justness of these observations, I can, I believe, with confidence,
call upon the candor and experience of the other physicians. It
will then be understood, why so many patients died in town
with the yellow fever, without derogating from the estimate I
have given of those who recovered under medical assistance.
Every body is now investigating what are the best means
of preventing the return of that calamity. We must congra-
tulate ourselves on the laudable and numerous exertions of
our fellow citizens. The introduction of pure waters, will,
no doubt, prove one of the most beneficial improvements;
for, it equally answers the purpose of cleansing the streets,
as refreshing the atmosphere. The poor people also will
have an easier and more convenient means for washing their
clothes, which they are used to keep dirty, during the summer,
until they can gather some rainwater; but that is not all: many
other causes did appear to me very obnoxious to the wholesom-
ness of the town. The casements and logs of our wharves are
old, and their surface is rotten; at low water, when a scorching
sun dries them up, they produce very infecting and dangerous
effluvia. The vicinity of the docks has always appeared to be the
seat of many deaths; because, at the periodical return of the
tide, their filthy waters are also returned,and the most corrupt-
ed and black mud is left again on the bottom. Too many crow-
ded buildings are unfortunately erected upon the wharves.
The whole east side of Philadelphia is waited by a double,
thick and high range of houses, through which the air has
but few streets opened to circulate. The conveniences of
the shipping and mercantile business, have thus deprived
the metropolis of the refreshing and moist currents of air,
that must necessarily rise from one of the largest rivers. The
* There are about ten thousand houses in Philadelphia; the
ground also contains ten thousand deep ditches or privy necessa-
C c

xviii APPENDIX.
streets of the suburbs and many of the city, are left in a
surprising state of degradation, and without pavement, while
the numerous carriages and great intercourse with the coun-
try, render them still worse; no declivity is given to their
waters; no police law is enacted to compel the inhabitants
to clean their foot-ways. There the rains, and the common
sewers of houses, empty, form ponds, and cover the surface
with a thick stratum of animal and vegetable putrefaction.
There is nobody in those parts, and even South street, who
could not, when he pleases, manure his little garden with the
black mud which surrounds them. I never could think, gen-
tlemen, as many do, that the numerous burying-grounds in-
closed in the city, were of no bad consequence. I believe quite
the reverse, and I supported it in my account of the yellow
fever in '97, by reasons and arguments which I do net think
easy to refute. All those burying-grounds are situated on
the most elevated points of the city; and as the highest part
of the city is forty feet above the river, and as the ditches
are dug only six feet deep, I calculate that the bed of all our
dead, lie between 20 and 30 feet above the lowest ground.
How many streets, consequently, and how many cellars are
lower than the lowest bottom of a burying-ground ? I ask
now, whether the constant moisture and vapour of the ground
can be infiltrated from any where but from the high sur-
rounding parts, and whether waters washing thousands of
dead bodies, renewed every year, do not retain the most
noxious particles, although these waters, under the whole
ground of Philadelphia, do circulate through the most ho-
mogeneous clay.
These are, gentlemen, the points of observation which
have constantly fixed my opinion, on the origin of our ma-
lignant fever; from which nothing now can preserve us, ex-
cept a cool summer, and frequent N. W. Winds. Other re-
medies or preventatives against such a calamity, will, I hope,
be found in the liberality and experience of our enlightened
fellow-citizens; but it would be useless to stress upon any other
conjecture or hypothesis. It was always known, and never ob-
jected but here, that the vicinity of effluvia from corrupted
ries: in any of them contain the animal filth of several genera-
tions, and, for the cleaning of them, no law was; enacted; no means
were provided ! Quere Is not the number of privy ditches, and the
cubic solidity of this filth, in a proportionate ratio for the corrup-
tion of all our waters, and for poisoning every point of exhalation 
on our ground ?

xix APPENDIX. 
animal or vegetable substances were pestilential, and produc-
ed fatal diseases; and whenever such sources of contagion
surround us, and exist with us, it would be injudicious to
dwell upon mere suppositions; for the importion of a fever
will always be a supposed doctrine, since it is generally grant-
ed, that during the heat of summer, the same causes can pro-
duce it on board of vessels, at sea or in our ports, and often car-
ries off the whole of their crews. It is also very extraordina-
ry, that we should receive, by importation, a disorder which
proves so terrible among us, while it is but occasionally in
the countries from where we dread to receive it, and where
it is hardly thought contagious, and never threatens, to an
alarming degree the population nor the prosperity of the
inhabitants.
I have the honour to be,
Gentlemen, Yours, &c.
F. O. P.
Letter to Thomas Mifflin, Esq.
Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
From the Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia, on the origin and
means of preventing the return of the Yellow Fever.
Sir,
IN order to comply with your request to the Academy of
Medicine, communicated by Dr. Samuel Duffield, con-
sulting Physician of the port, respecting the means of prevent-
ing the return of the epidemic fever, which has lately afflict-
ed our city, the Academy have conceived the history of its
origin, necessarily connected with their answer.
We believe it was derived from the following sources :
1. The exhalations of the alleys, gutters, docks, and com-
mon sewers of the city; and from stagnating water in its
neighbourhood.
2. The foul air discharged with the ballast of the ship De-
borah, and the cargo of the brig Mary ; the former of which
arrived from Hispaniola on the 18th July, and the latter on
the 29th of the same month. We reject the opinion of an
imported human contagion in either of the above vessels. It
has not been asserted that any person died of the "yellow fe-
ver on board the Mary, during her voyage : and if it be said, 

xx APPENDIX.
that several persons died on board the Deborah of that disease,
on her passage to this city, we cannot admit that they contami-
nated the timbers or contents of the ship in such a manner,
as to spread the disease to persons at several hundred feet dis-
tance from the wharf at which she was moored. The impro-
bability of this opinion will appear from two considerations.
First— The disease is not contagious in the West-Indies;
and rarely, if ever so, in the United States in hot weather, at
which time only it makes its first appearance in our country.
So general is this opinion, that some physicians have unfor-
tunately refused to admit the existence of the fever in its com-
mencement in our city, only because it was not contagious.
Second— The disease was in no instance propagated by
those persons who were supposed to have derived it from hu-
man contagion adhering to the timbers or contents of the
Deborah and Mary, and who died with it in parts of the city
remote from the influence of the foul air of those vessels.
If it be said that the contagion of the yellow fever is not
uniform in its effects, it ought at least to be admitted, that it
acts with most certainty where it exists with most force ; but
the reverse of this took place in the supposed origin of our
late fever from imported contagion. We are the more deter-
mined in our opinion of the foul air of the Deborah and
Mary being the cause of many cases of our fever, from simi-
lar cases of fever having been often produced from similar
causes, instances of which were mentioned in our letter to you
of last year.
In support of our opinion of the disease being derived from
the exhalations of our city before enumerated, we shall men-
tion the names of the following persons, who had the fever
before the arrival of the Deborah or Mary, in our port, viz.
Benjamin Jones, Fromberger's Court, June 2d ; Mary Wrig-
glesworth, near the corner of Walnut and Tenth-streets,
June 6th ; Rebecca Trested, in Front between Spruce and
Union-streets, June 11th; Elizabeth Curran, Fourth below
South-street, June 27th ; Mark Miller, Callowhill-street, and
Molly Zeller, Race-street, July 2d; Miss Byrne, Spruce
between Second and Third streets, July 11th ; Mr. Vannost,
Shannon-street wharves, July 12th. We observed moreover,
and heard of a considerable number of persons who had the
disease in the western parts or the city, and in Southwark
and the Northern Liberties, who had not been exposed to con-
tagion, nor breathed the air in the neighbourhood of Water-

xxi APPENDIX. 
street for many weeks, and in some instances for several
months, before they were attacked by that fever.
In addition to the arguments in favour of the domestic
sources of the fever, that had been mentioned in our former
letter, we shall add four more, that we think cannot be re-
futed.
1. The atmosphere of our city, during the prevalence of
the fever, produced sensations of pain or sickness in many
people who came into it from the country; the same atmos-
phere became the cause of the disease and death in others
who visited the city, and who carefully avoided lodging, or
any intercourse with persons infected by the fever.
2. The disease prevailed in many inland towns of the Unit-
ed States, which had no intercourse with those sea-port towns
in which it was epidemic. Those towns were, in every in-
stance we have heard of, situated near to putrid substances,
or stagnating water.
3. The disease was rarely contagious, even when it termi-
nated in death, when carried into the country, or into towns
not exposed to putrid exhalations.
4. The general extinction of the disease by frost, clearly
proves that it exists chiefly in the atmosphere; and that it is
not derived, in the first instance, from human contagion ; for
frost, it is well known, does not act in the autumnal months
upon the bodies of the sick, nor upon their beds, clothing, or
any other supposed receptacle of contagion.
We wish to direct the attention of our fellow-citizens to
the history of the causes and remedies of pestilential diseases
in foreign countries : In the ages of medical superstition, when
those diseases were believed to be imported, they nearly de-
populated cities for many successive years. Frequent and ac-
cumulated suffering at last begat wisdom. The causes of
pestilence were discovered to exist in all countries, and do-
mestic remedies were applied to remove them. The effect
of this change in the opinion and conduct of the nations of
Europe has been the almost general extirpation of malignant
fevers from their cities and sea ports. We have many docu-
ments to prove that the recurrence of the yellow fever has
been prevented in the cities of Europe by cleanliness. It for-
merly prevailed in Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Holland,
and, occasionally, in Britain and Ireland, under the names of
putrid, malignant, and bilious fevers, also of the gall sickness
and of the black fever. The last name was derived from the 

xxii APPENDIX.
black vomiting, which is so often the symptom of approach-
ing death in bilious fevers.
We are the more confirmed in the opinion we have deliver-
ed, that the yellow fever is a native disease of our country,
by discovering that the same opinion is held by most of the
physicians and citizens of our sister states. We lament the
prevalence of an opinion, that the admission of truth upon
this subject, will injure the credit of our city. Truth, upon
all subjects is ultimately friendly to general interest and hap-
piness, while the remedies of the evils of error, are always of
a partial and transitory nature. We conceive that the report
of the existence of a disease of a nature so subtle as to elude
the utmost force of the health laws, and the greatest vigilance
of health-officers, will be much more injurious to our city,
than a belief of its being derived from causes which are ob-
vious to our senses, and which, by active exertions, might be
easily and certainly removed, without oppressing or injuring
our commerce.
We shall repeat, in this place, the means recommended by
us in our former letter, with the addition of some others,
for preventing a return of the disease.
1. " Removing all those matters from our streets, gutters,
cellars, gardens, yards, stores, vaults, ponds, &c. which, by
putrefaction in warm weather, afford the most frequent
cause of the disease in this country. For this purpose, we
recommend the appointment of a certain number of physi-
cians, whose business it shall be, to inspect all such places in
the city, the Northern Liberties and Southwark, as contain
any matters, capable by putrefaction, of producing the disease,
and to have them removed.
2. " We earnestly recommend the frequent washing of all
impure parts of the city in warm and dry weather, by means
of the pumps, until the water of the river Schuylkill can be
made to wash all the streets of the city : a measure which we
conceive promises to our citizens, the most durable exemp-
tion from bilious fevers of all kinds, of domestic origin.
3. " To guard against the frequent source of yellow fever
from the noxious air in the holds of vessels, we recommend
the unlading such vessels, as contain cargoes liable to putre-
faction, and the discharging the ballast of all vessels at a dis-
tance from the city, during the months of June, July, Au-
gust, September and October. To prevent the generation
of noxious air in the holds of vessels, we conceive every ves-
sel should be obliged, by law, to carry and use a ventilator, and 

xxiii APPENDIX. 
we recommend in a particular manner, the one lately invent-
ed by Mr. Benjamin Wynkoop. We believe this invention,
to be one of the most important and useful that has been
made in modern times, and that it is calculated to prevent:
not only the decay of ships and cargoes, but a very frequent
source of pestilential diseases of all kinds in commercial ci-
ties."
4. The filling up, or cleaning the docks in such a manner,
that no matters, capable of putrefaction, shall be exposed to
the rays of the sun at low water.
5. The closing the common sewers, so as to admit water
only, and the daily removal of the filth of the city, destined
to flow into them, by means of covered carts or waggons
made for that purpose.
6. The prevention of the filth of the city from being accu-
mulated, and stagnating in its neighbourhood.
7. The prohibition of alleys and narrow streets in the fu-
ture improvement of the city.
8. An alteration of the present health law, which, by de-
taining vessels with perishable cargoes for ten days at the hos-
pital, in hot weather, is calculated to increase the foul air in
their holds; and we recommend also, that no vessel, owned
by a citizen of Philadelphia, be permitted to leave or enter
our ports, that is not provided with a ventilator.
We shall conclude our letter by deprecating, in the most
solemn manner, the continuance of a belief in the supposed
importation of our fever, an opinion which has led to the to-
tal negligence of the means of preventing its return ; also by
humbly hoping that a merciful Providence may not correct
our ignorance and prejudices, by frequent returns of a cala-
mity, which has in five years swept away ten thousand of our
inhabitants, and which in a few years may, if not obviated by
the only proper remedies, (under the influence of the present
inflammatory consitution of the atmosphere) annihilate our
city.
Signed by order of the Academy of Medicine, of Philadelphia.
PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK, President.
JOHN C OTTO, Secretary.
Dec. 3, 1798. 

xxiv APPENDIX.
LETTER from the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
vania, by direction of the Governor, relative to the late Ma-
lignant Fever, to the Board of Health.
Gentlemen,
THE Governor is desirous of submitting to the legislature,
a comprehensive view of the mortality and expenditure, pro-
duced by the calamity, which has recently assisted the city
and its suburbs. He, therefore, directs me to request, that
you will favour him with a report, and the necessary docu-
ments, upon the subject. The information contemplated may
be properly embraced, perhaps, by the following enquiries.
1st. At what time, in what place, and in what manner, was
the malignant fever introduced into the city and suburbs?
2d. How long did the fever continue to rage, and what is
the number of its victims?
3d. What was the general police pursued by the Board, the
overseers of the poor, and their agents, to subdue or mitigate
the disease, to aid the sick, to inter the dead, and to maintain
the poor ?
4th. What sum has been raised on this occasion, by taxes,
by voluntary loan, and by gratuitous contributions; what
sum has been expended, and what balance remains on hand?
5th. What is the number and condition of the citizens who
have been relieved, and will any extraordinary aid be neces-
sary, on the part of the legislature, for the support of the
poor during the ensuing winter ?
6th. What precautions ought to be taken to prevent the
recurrence of so dreadful a calamity ?
Permit me to add, that it is the governor's wish, that the
overseers of the poor, and, particularly those active citizens,
who superintended the business of the camps, should be con-
sulted in forming your report. As the legislature meets on
the 4th of December, I hope it will be convenient for you to
comply with the governor's request, in the course of the pre-
sent month.
I have the honour to be, with sentiments
of sincere respect and esteem, gentlemen,
your most obedient humble servant,
A. J. DALLAS, Secretary.
Secretary's Office, Philadelphia, 8th November, 1798.
To the President and Managers of the
Marine and City Hospitals. 

xxv APPENDIX. 
REPLY to the foregoing Letter.
Health-Office, 1st December, 1798.
SIR,
THE secretary of the commonwealth, in a communica-
tion of the 8th ult. by your direction, having propounded
certain queries relative to the late dreadful calamity, a sense
of duty, common interest, and a poignant retrospect of the
past scenes of misery and wretchedness, which came more im-
mediately under our care, have excited an intense solicitude
and assiduity, on our part, to answer satisfactorily your en-
quiries, and devise means for the prevention of so terrible a
scourge in future.
We regret that the continuance of the disease to so late a
period has delayed the adjustment of the accounts of the in-
stitutions under our direction, and will consequently deprive
us of that accuracy which is desirable. We believe, however,
that the report will not ultimately be found materially in-
correct.
A few preliminary remarks, relative to the precautions
which have been taken in order to prevent the importation
of disease, may not be superfluous.
The law, in respect to quarantine, has been construed and
executed in the strictest sense. Every power and effort which
the board, or the officers under their direction, were capable
of exercising, has been employed to cut off all communica-
tion with the vessels under quarantine.—Every possible mode
of purification, which a law so manifestly defective would
permit, has been adopted, and the most rigid scrutiny had,
before the vessels were permitted to proceed to the city.
At the Marine Hospital, the fences were extended into the
river, the more completely to enclose the premises, and all in-
tercourse therewith precluded.
For the sake of perspicuity we shall conform, as near as
possible, to the order in which you have presented the several
subjects of enquiry; and
1st. The malignant fever, according to our information,
first made its appearance in Water-street, between Spruce
and Walnut-streets, about the first of August. Several re-
spectable physicians declare that it appeared in the month of
June ; and, that many unequivocal cases occurred early in 
July.
D d

xxvi APPENDIX.
Uhshackled by prejudice, and diffident of opinion, we have
endeavoured to trace the disease to its origin, but without
success. Those objects which have been pointed to with the
greatest confidence as the foreign source of the disease, on in-
vestigation, afford no such proof.
Thus situated, it would be indecorous, in an official report
to the chief magistrate, to substitute opinion for fact. We
deem a question, on which the lives of thousands and the
prosperity or annihilation of our flourishing city may depend,
of too much importance to rest upon the exclusive speculation
of either foreign or domestic origin.
In our answer to your 6th query, we shall endeavour to
designate such general measures as, when properly digested
by legislative wisdom, are, in bur judgement, best calculated
to guard against the recurrence of so fatal a malady from
either domestic or foreign sources.
2d. The disease continued to rage until about the first of
November ; and, partially, until about the 5th. The whole
number of victims, exclusive of those who died in the coun-
try, are three thousand six hundred and forty-five.
3d. The City Hospital was opened on the 7th August—all
vessels were immediately removed by order of the Board from
all the wharves included between Mr. Levi Hollingsworth's
and Tun Alley.—The Board publicly admonished the inha-
bitants of the infected neighbourhood to remove without
delay.—A quantity of damaged coffee and cocoa, imported
on the 30th July, and stored in Ross's stores, was reported
on the 3d August to the Board to be in a putrid state. It was
immediately put on board the vessel in which it was impor-
ted, and sent down to the Marine Hospital for purification.
Two skilful physicians and two assistants were appointed
to reside at the City Hospital, with a competent number of
nurses and attendants, and every thing necessary for the com-
fort and relief of the patients was provided. All the powers
of reasoning, persuasion, and authority, which the Board pos-
sessed, short of absolute coercion, were assiduously employed
to induce the sick to remove instantly to the Hospital; for
which purpose carriages constantly attended, and litters were
constructed as speedily as possibly, to convey them with ease
and convenience.
All the regular practising physicians of the city and li-
berties were authorized to grant orders for admission into the
City Hospital.—Hearses and persons were employed for the
speedy removal and interment of the dead, and the Health- 

xxvii APPENDIX: 
Office kept open day and night, for the purpose of receiving
applications and executing the duties of the office with
promptitude.
In order to ascertain the progress of the disease and form
some criterion by which to judge of its extension or decline,
as well as to mark those parts of the city and liberties in
which it raged with the greatest violence, a suitable person
was appointed to obtain from the physicians the daily reports
of new cases which occurred in their practice severally, toge-
ther with the names and residence of the patients.
Skilful physicians were appointed to attend the poor of the
city and liberties, and medicines provided for their use at the
expence of the institution.
The buildings at the City Hospital being found insufficient,
a house contiguous thereto was rented ; the summer houses
were covered with canvas, a number of sheds, and a new
frame building 60 by 20 feet, two stories high, were erected
for the better accommodation of the sick.
The alarming progress of the disease, and frightful increase
of mortality ; the apparent temerity or apathy of some, and
the indigence and distress of others, impelled the Board to
reiterate in terms the most impressive, their admonitions to
the inhabitants who were in circumstances to abandon their
homes; and, in conjuction with the Guardians of the poor,
to provide a retreat for the indigent.
Tents were accordingly erected on the east bank of Schuyl-
kill, to which they were invited to resort, and ample provi-
sion was there made for their comfort and support. These
measures being inadequate to the urgency of the occasion,
temporary buildings for the accommodation of near two
thousand persons were erected on Master's ground, two miles
above the city.
 The regulation and superintendance of each encampment
was confided to a committee of respectable and humane citi-
zens, who voluntarily undertook the arduous task.
By the joint authority of the Board of Managers and the
Board of Guardians of the poor, a committee of respectable
citizens were appointed for the distribution of relief to the
poor of the city and liberties, whose situation rendered it im-
proper to remove to the tents.
The infected houses and bedding were cleansed and puri-
fied, by order of the Board, so far as was found practicable.
This, however, was but partial, owing to the inevitable diffi-
culties and confusion occasioned by the calamity. 

xxviii APPENDIX.
4th. The amount raised by taxes and by loan in anticipa-
tion of the taxes to be levied the present year for the support
of the Marine and City Hospitals, viz.
Borrowed on account of the taxes
for the year 1797, D. 7268 09
A tax of 10,000 dollars has been
levied for the present year; the sum
collected on account thereof, is 676 87
Received of the Bank of Pennsyl-
vania, on the credit of the taxes of
the present year, 20,000 00
27,944 96
Private Loan.
Borrowed of the several Banks, on security of
certain individuals, for the relief of the poor, un-
der the joint direction of the Board of Managers
and the Board of Guardians of the Poor, which
sum was borrowed on the faith of Legislative re-
imbursement, 29,000 00
Total raised by taxes and loans, 56,044 06
GRATUITOUS CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED FOR
THE USE OF THE POOR.
By the Board of Managers of the Marine and City Hospitals.
In Cash, D. 14040 05
In produce and cloathing valued at 2000
16,040 05
By the Committee of the Tents on the Banks of Schuylkill.
In Cash, D. 3537 29
In produce and cloathing valued at 5000
8,537 29
By the Committee of the Encampment at Masters' place.
In Cash, D. 3,254 27
In produce and cloathing, valued at 6,568 22
9,822 49
By the Committee for the relief of the poor in the City and Liberties.
In Cash, D. 420 00
In produce and cloathing valued at 1,178 68
1,598 68
Total, Dolls. 35,998 51 

xxix APPENDIX. 
SUMS EXPENDED BY THE SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS.
By the Board of Managers of the Marine and City Hospitals.
In cash, for the relief of the sick
poor, D. 9,782 56
In produce and cloathing, valued at 2,000 00
Paid the distributing committee 4,257 49
Paid on account Marine and City
Hospitals, 20,975 20
37,0155 25
By the Committee of the Tents, on the Banks of Schuylkill.
In cash; of which 10,000 dollars
was a part of the 29,000 loan, D. 13,537 29
In produce and cloathing valued at 5,000
18,537 29
By the Committee of the Encampment at Master's place.
In cash, of which 9000 dolls, was
a part of the 29,000 dollars loan, D. 12,254 27
In produce and cloathing valued at 6,568 22
18,822 49
By the Committee for the relief of the poor in the City and Liberties.
In cash, of which 10,000
dollars was a part of the
29,000 dollars loan, D. 14,677 49
Deduct so much charged
in the expenditures of the
Board of Managers, of the
Marine and City Hospitals,
paid to this committee for
distribution, 4,257 49
10,420
In produce and cloathing valued at 1,178 68
11,598 68
Total, Dollars, 85,973 71
Recapitulation of the preceding statement.
Total amount of taxes and loans 56,944 96
Total amount of gratuitous con-
tributions 35,998 51
92,943 47
Total amount expended by the
several institutions. 85,973 71
Balance in the hands of the treasurer of the
Marine and City Hospitals Dollars 6,969 76
Note. The above balance is on account of the Marine and 

xxx APPENDIX.
City Hospitals. This sum, however, will be inadequate to the
discharge of the debts now due by the said institutions.
Number of persons relieved, viz.
At the City Hospital, 879
By the physicians appointed by the Board of Managers
of the Marine and City Hospitals to attend the poor of
the City and Liberties, about 3000
At the tents on Schuylkill and the vicinity thereof, 1950
At the encampment on Masters' place and its vicinity, 2024
By the Committee for distributing relief in the city
and liberties, about 3500
Total 11,353
Exclusive of the above expenditures and numbers of persons
relieved, the guardians of the poor have incurred a very great
and extraordinary expence for the relief of orphans and per-
sons distressed by the calamity.
5th. The poor will, doubtless, require extraodinary aid
from the legislature the ensuing winter, in consequence of the
suspension of labour during the prevalence of the disease, the
extraordinary expenses incurred by sickness, or removal from
the city, and, in all probability, a short interval from the re-
turn of the citizens to the closing of the navigation for the ex-
ercise of industry.
6th. No question can be more interesting, none more en-
titled to serious consideration, than that which shall deter-
mine the precautions to be adopted, in order to prevent the
recurrence of a calamity so destructive. Accordingly, we
find our fellow citizens generally engaged in the contempla-
tion and discussion of the subject.
Whatever difference of opinion may exist as to its origin,
all appear to agree in the general system of police necessary
to guard against its introduction in future.
The idea of resorting to the legislature of the union, for
an act to interdict the commerce from the Mediterranean
and West-Indies, during the summer months, appears to be
general, and if attainable, would certainly be most desirable,
at least until some effectual system shall be divised and com-
pletely ready for execution.
The great diversity of sentiment which appears to prevail in
the different states, relative to the origin of the disease, toge-
ther with the powerful influence of commercial interest and
rivalship, may create insurmountable obstacles to the attain-
ment of an efficient law from the general government. 

APPENDIX. xxxi
Under these circumstances, we think it will be prudent to
persevere with energy in an application to the state legislature,
for effectual quarantine and health laws, with liberal endow-
ments for the support of the several institutions. It may here
be proper to observe that a well digested quarantine law of
this state will be necessary (even in the event of a law of the
general government) to provide for the ease of vessels which
may enter our port from stress of weather, or other casualty
during the period of interdiction.
We take the liberty of suggesting the propriety of an ap-
plication to the governments of the states of Delaware and
New-Jersey for their co-operation. The principles of com-
mon interest and self-preservation, and their participation in
the late calamity, must dictate to them the necessity of such
a coalition.
A quarantine law to be effectual should make provision for
the following objects.
An insular situation, remote from the city, should be se-
lected, if practicable, for the place of quarantine ; if none
such can be obtained, forty or fifty acres on some convenient
part of the Delaware shore should be secured by a high and
strong enclosure—wharves, ware houses, and other suitable
buildings should be erected for the reception and purification
of cargoes and accommodation of persons.
All vessels from the Mediterranean and West-Indies, from
the first of June to the first October, should there discharge
their cargoes, which, together with the vessels, should be
thoroughly purified, and perform a quarantine of at least 20
days. Guards should be constantly ported at all the avenues,
and guard boats stationed around the fleet.
The law should provide for the prohibition of intercourse
by land or water with such of our sister states as may not a-
dopt efficient quarantine laws ; and interdict all communi-
cation with infected places.
Having designated those general regulations, which we
conceive are best adapted to guard against the importation of
disease, we shall take the liberty of adverting to measures,
which appear to us no less necessary to the health and pros-
perity of our city.
If the domestic origin of the disease is denied, yet it must
be allowed that local causes have a potent effect in its diffusion,
and encreasing its malignity ; of this, fatal experience has
furnished an irrefragable proof in the excessive mortality, and
number of the diseased, in particular parts of the city and li-
berties. 

xxxii APPENDIX.
We believe that these dreadful consequences would be
greatly mitigated, if not wholly averted, by a judicious refor-
mation in the police of the city and liberties.
The introduction of wholesome running water for domestic
purposes, and for washing the streets, and common sewers, is
in our judgment, an object of primary importance ; the
cleansing of all the docks to a depth below the level of low
water mark, a strict attention to the removal of all filth and
putrifying substances, and correcting the noxious effluvia
from the privies in the commencement of the hot season,
would, we conceive, be productive of the happiest effects.
The great attention which has been paid to the cleansing
of the best improved parts of our city, and the obvious ne-
glect of remote and confined situations, has long been a sub-
ject of serious complaint.
Any work, however great, will be but partial whilst the
stagnant pools, and filth of the narrow lanes, alleys and yards,
in the extremities of the city, and particularly in the districts
of Southwark and the Nothern Liberties, are suffered to exist.
We beg leave to call your attention to a subject which we
consider as deeply interesting.
The establishment of a City Hospital upon an enlarged
plan, permanently provided with every thing necessary for
the comfort and relief of the sick, and skilful professors,
nurses, &c. provisionally engaged in the event of a recur-
rence of the disease, would excite public confidence, and
greatly diminish the evils of the calamity. The situation of
the present City Hospital, we consider as highly improper
for the purpose, from its contiguity to the marshes of the
Schuylkill. The lots and improvements thereon, if sold,
would, probably produce a sum equivalent to the purchase
of an elevated situation, and the completion of buildings bet-
ter adapted to the purpose.
We have been led into unavoidable prolixity from the mag-
nitude of the subject, and a with to contribute the result of
our experience and observations. Should they produce, in
any degree, the desired effect, it will alleviate the recollection
of those painful scenes which it was our lot to witness, and
our duty to relieve.
By order of the Board of Managers
of the Marine and City Hospitals.
WILLIAM JONES, President.
Attest, TIMOTHY PAXSON, Clerk.
Thomas Mifflin, Esq. Governor of the 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 

NAMES of the PERSONS
WHO DIED IN PHILADELPHIA,
And the neighbourhood, from the 1st of August, to the 1st of
November, 1798. 
ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER.
Carefully collected from the records of Clergymen, Clerks,
Sextons, &c.
A.
Aaronsiter Matthias, Oct. 31. German Lutheran.
Abbitch Andreas, Oct. 8. ditto.
Abbot Abel, Sep. 4. Friends.
Abbot Juley, ditto 13. Trinity
Abbot Frederick, ditto 16. ditto.
Abbot George, ditto 26. ditto.
Abbot George, ditto 29. ditto.
Abbot George, Sep 5. City Hospital.
Abel Daniel, his daughter, Oct. 26. St. Peter's.
Abington Jane, Aug. 26. City Hospital.
Abraham Mrs. her child, Sep. 2. Methodists.
Ackley Mordecai, Oct. 19. Friends.
Adams Joseph, his child, Aug. 14. German Lutheran.
Adams John, Sep. 4. City Hospital.
Adams John, Aug 30. ditto.
Adams Susan Sep. 5. ditto.
Adams Mrs. Sep. 15. ditto.
Adams John, September 24 ditto.
Adams Mrs. Sept. 24 3rd Presbyterian. 
Adams widow, Sep 13. ditto.
Ditto her daughter, Sep. 18. ditto.
Addison Thomas; Sep 4. City Hospital
Agin Charles, Sep 12. ditto.
Agnew Felix, Oct. 28.
Aikins Lawrence, Sep. 23. City Hospital.
Aikins Mrs. ditto 26. ditto.
Aikin Benjamin, Oct. 7. ditto.
Alberger Philip, Sep. ditto.
Alberger Christina, Oct. ditto.
Albright John, his child, Sep. 17. 2nd Presbyterian.
Alexander Charles, Sep 8. Kensington.
Alexander Joseph, Sep. 16. City Hospital.
Alexander Samuel, Aug. 12. ditto.
Aline Victoire, Sep. 29. St. Mary's
Aoskin Robert, Sep. 13 City Hospital.
Allanson Elizabeth, Sep. 7. ditto.
Allardice Samuel, Aug. 26. 1st Presbyterian.
Allen Margaret, wife of John, Oct. 10. Christ Church
Allen Margaret. Oct. 10. City Hospital.
Allen Chamless, his wife. Aug. 11. Friends.
A

(AB) LIST OF DEATHS.
Allen David, Sep. 20. City Hospital. 
Allen James, Aug. 31. ditto.
Allen John, Oct. 15. ditto.
Allen Charles, Nov. 4. ditto.
Almack Daniel, Sep. 22. Free Quakers.
Armstrong Mary, Sep. City Hospital.
Ambrose William, Sep. 29. ditto.
Austin Rose, Sep. 9. ditto.
Ambruster Peter, His child, Sep. 8. German Lutheran. 
Ambruster Peter, ditto 12 ditto.
Astuth Henry. Sept. 8. City Hospital.
Anderson Abel, Sep. 20.
Anderson Mary, Sep. 9. ditto.
Anderson Susan, Nov 2. ditto.
Anderson William, Sep. 18. ditto.
Anderson Wm. his wife, Sep. 28. ditto.
Anderson Ann, Sep. 20. ditto.
Anderson William, Oct. 3. ditto.
Andreas Philip, Sep. 22. ditto.
Anderson Lio, Sep. 6. ditto.
Andreas Christian, his wife, Oct. 15. German Lutheran.
Armstrong Nancy, Oct. 10. City Hospital
Andreas John, Oct. 22. German Lutheran.
Ashton Joseph, Oct. 13. City Hospital.
Andrews Abraham, Aug. 23. ditto.
Ashem John, Nov. 1. ditto.
Annelly Sarah, Sep. 10. ditto.
Austin Alexander, Aug. 25. ditto.
Anthony. Charles, Sep. 16. St. Thomas.
Arte Sarah, Sep. 15. Friends.
Attmore Thomas, his child, ditto 11 ditto.
Anthony Nicholas, Sep. 30. Kensington.
Appleton Charles, his daughter, Sep. 14. Baptists.
Armstrong John, Sep. 16 City Hospital
B
Babtian Polly, Sep. 13. Trinity
Bache B. F. printer, ditto 10. Christ Church.
Backley Mary, ditto 11. City Hospital.
Badford Nerietta, ditto 10. ditto.
Barrios Matilda, her child, ditto 30. ditto.
Baker Hilary, ditto 25. German Lutheran.
Bake William, ditto 7. City Hospital.
Baker Jacob, his daughter, Oct. 5. German Lutheran.
Baker Moses, ditto 4. City Hospital.
Baker Bartholomew, joiner, Sep. 8. St. Mary's
Baker Lawrence, Aug. 30. ditto.
Baker Peter, son of John, Sept. 9. ditto.
Baker Bartholomew, sen. ditto 9. ditto.
Baker Joseph, ditto 15. ditto.
Baker Juliana, a child, ditto 18. ditto.
Baker Samuel, his son, Aug. 25. Coates's
Balderson Mary, Oct. 11. City Hospital. 
Balderson Thomas, ditto 12. ditto.
Balantine Robert, Sep. 5. Kensington.
Balt Joseph, Oct. 3. City Hospital.
Balte Susan, Sept. 4. ditto.

LIST OF DEATHS. (B)
Balton Benjamin, 2 of his children, Sep. 10. City Hospital.
Bamouth Mrs her daughter, ditto 30. Kensington.
Bandy John, ditto 4. City Hospital.
Banning Joseph, his child, Oct. 14. Kensington
Baptian Polly, Sept. 3. Trinity.
Baptiste John, Aug. 18. City Hospital.
Baptiste John, ditto 20. ditto.
Barand Mr. Sept. 24. ditto.
Barclay Samuel, his son, ditto 20. 3d Presbyterian.
Barfort John, his son, Aug. 6. aged 14. Swedes.
Bark John, Oct. 27. City Hospital.
Barker John, ditto 21. ditto.
Barnes Stephen, Aug. 31. City Hospital.
Barnes Thomas, ditto 24. ditto.
Barnet Jacob, Sept. 18. ditto.
Barnholt John, his child, ditto 10. German Lutheran.
Barrington Ann, ditto 12. City Hospital
Barry Mrs. Aug 16. ditto.
Barry Catherine, a child, Sept. 27. St. Mary's
Barry John, Oct. 13. City Hospital.
Barry Mary, ditto 2. ditto.
Barry Mary, ditto 18. St. Mary's 
Bartlen William, a child, Sept. 23. ditto.
Bartley Jane, ditto 16. City Hospital.
Barts John, his wife, ditto 20. Christ Church.
Basset David, ditto 15. City Hospital.
Basset Mrs. ditto 12. ditto.
Bassnett Eleanor, ditto 25. St. Mary's
Batchelor John, ditto 12. City Hospital.
Bates John, ditto 3. ditto.
Bates John, Nov 3. ditto.
Bates Samuel, Oct. 10. ditto.
Batz William, son of Christian Batz, Oct. 2 Moravian.
Batz John, Sept. 24. ditto.
Ditto his wife, ditto 29. ditto.
Bauer George, Aug. 13 German Lutheran.
Baumanin Barbara, Sept. 24. Trinity.
Bayard John, ditto 29. City Hospital.
Bayley, Mr. ditto 13. Kensington.
Bayley John, a child, Oct. 12. St. Mary's
Bayley Robert, ditto, Aug. 22. 3rd Presbyterian.
Baxter Mary, Sept. 16. City Hospital.
Beard Lydia, ditto 24. ditto.
Beard Margaret, ditto 22. ditto.
Beates Conrad, ditto 30. German Lutheran
Beatty Archibald, Aug. 13. City Hospital
Beatty William, ditto 8. ditto.
Beatty William, his daughter, Oct. 1. St. Peter's
Ditto ditto ditto 15. ditto.
Ditto his son, ditto 16. ditto.
Beaufort George, Sept. 2. City Hospital.
Beavens William, ditto 27. ditto.
Bebel Sarah, child, Oct. 20. St. Mary's
Bechler, Mr. Sept. 20. German Lutheran.
Beck Barbara, her child, ditto 9. ditto.
Beck Joseph, Oct. 27. City Hospital.

(B) LIST OF DEATHS.
Beck Paul, sen. October 4. German Lutheran
Becker Peter, his son-in-law, Sept. German Reformed
Beckman Garrett, Aug. 23. City Hospital.
Bedford Samuel, Oct. 31. ditto
Bedford Thomas, Sept. 24. ditto
Bee Molly, ditto 25. ditto
Bee Susanna, ditto 25. ditto
Beesly Jacob, ditto 27. ditto
Beetner Godfrid, Oct. 12. Trinity
Bekriter Mary, Sept. 7. Friends
Bell Alexander, ditto 5. City Hospital.
Bell Alexander, ditto 5. St. Paul's
Bender Abraham, Aug. 22. German Lutheran.
Bender Valentine, Sept. 30. City Hospital.
Bene Mr. his child, do. 30. Swedes.
Benevil Dr. his servant maid, Catharine, Aug. 19. Kensington.
Benks, Azer Keden, Sept. 13. Swedes.
Benner Thomas, his child, Oct. 23. Methodist.
Bennett Alexander N. Sept. 7. City Hospital.
Bennett Elizabeth, ditto 1. Christ Church.
Bennett James, ditto 13. City Hospital.
Bennett John, ditto 5. Christ Church.
Bennett Mary, ditto 24. City Hospital.
Bennett Sarah, ditto 4. Friends.
Benson Catherine, ditto 24. City Hospital.
Berg Peter, ditto 11. ditto
Berghman Hannah, ditto 17. ditto
Berrish Rosina. Oct. 6. German Lutheran.
Besly Mary, Sept. 11. Kensington.
Bethary Cecy, do. 20. City Hospital.
Betsey, a black child, Oct. 23. ditto
Bettle Philip, ditto 18. ditto
Beynroth William, Sept 10. German Lutheran
Bickham Caleb, Oct. 16. Friends
Biddle Thomas, Aug. 12. City Hospital.
Bickerton Charles, Aug. 3. Swedes.
Bigly Susan, Oct. 23. City Hospital.
Bietner Godfrid, Oct. 11. Trinity.
Biglow Josiah, M. D. Oct. 1. 2nd Presbyterian.
Bigham Mrs. Sep. 4.
Bigham Mary, Sep. 24. City Hospital.
Bignell Mary, Oct. 10. Kensington.
Bigwood Polly, daughter of James, Oct. 2 Methodists.
Bitter John, Oct. 2. Swedes.
Bitters John, Sep 16. City Hospital.
Bitz Peter, Sep. 15. ditto
Black James, Aug. 24. ditto
Black Mrs. Sept. 27. Associate.
Black James, Sept. 20. City Hospital.
Black-boy, Sept. 23. ditto
Blackburn Uriah, Sept. Bethel
Blair Samuel, his child, Sept. 2. 3d Presbyterian.
Blair Jane, Oct. 14. ditto

LIST OF DEATHS, (B)
Boller William, Sept. 1 City Hospital.
Blaney Jacob, Sept. 3. ditto
Blewer John, Oct. 15. ditto
Bobmen John, Sept. 23. ditto
Bliss Michael, his wife, Sept. 14. German Lutheran. 
Bosh John, his daughter, Sept. 1. ditto.
Bogart John, Sept. 28. City Hospital.
Bond Thomas, Sept. 24. ditto.
Boggs Daniel, Sept. 27. ditto.
Bock Mary, widow, Oct. 1. Moravian.
Bohlen Rebecca, Nov. 6. City Hospital.
Bonfall Elizabeth, Sept. 20. ditto.
Boils Hannah, Sept. 21. ditto.
Boley Elizabeth, Sept. 7. ditto.
Bolton Edward, Sept. 3. ditto.
Bolton Fanny, Sept. 28. ditto.
Bolton Edward, Sept. 3. St. Mary.
Bonner John, Oct. 12. Methodists.
Boney Elizabeth, Sept. 11. German Lutheran.
Bonsall Jesse, Sept. 4. and his wife, ditto. 23. Friends.
Bontzer Nicholas, his wife, Sept. 22. German Lutheran.
Boodell Sarah, Oct. 3. City Hospital.
Boomer John, Sept. 22. ditto.
Bories Mr. his child, Sept. 22. ditto.
Bonner Mr. his child, Oct. 12. German Lutheran.
Boshill Daniel, Sept. 2. City Hospital.
Bolton Francis, Sept. 30. ditto.
Bostick Henry, Sept. 7. ditto.
Bore John. Sept. 1. ditto.
Bostick Henry, ditto. 7. ditto.
Boston Daniel, ditto 6. ditto.
Bostick Elizabeth, ditto 7. ditto.
Boucher John, Oct. 31. ditto.
Bouchman John, Sept. 15. ditto,
Bougie Anthony, Nov. 4. ditto.
Bousch Henry, Sept. 29. German Lutheran.
Bowder William, ditto 5. City Hospital.
Bower Philip, ditto 7. ditto.
Bower Joseph, Aug. 12. Kensington.
Bower William, Sept. 5. City Hospital.
Bower Margaret, Oct. 14. Kensington.
Bower Mr. his friend, a French lady, Aug. 15. ditto.
Bowers Paul, his wife, Oct. 1. City Hospital.
Bowers Peter, Sep. 11. ditto.
Bowker John, his child, Aug. 15. Kensington.
Boyd Catherine, daughter of John Boyd. Sept. 1. St. Peter's.
Boyd Samuel. Sept. 5. 2d. Presbyterian.
Boyd Ann, ditto 27. St. Mary's.
Boyle John, Aug. 12. City Hospital.
Boyer Elizabeth, Oct. 4. Kensington.
Boyle Biddy. Aug. 17. City Hospital.
Boyle John, Sept 19. ditto.
Boyle John, ditto 20. ditto.
Boyle Ann, Nov. 1. St. Mary's
Boyle Edward, Oct. 31. St. Mary's.
Boyston George, Sept. 9. City Hospital. 

(B) LIST OF DEATHS.
Braden George, Aug. 28. Swedes.
Bradley Andrew, his child, Sept. 27. City Hospital.
Bradley James, Sept. 8. ditto.
Bradley, Andrew, Oct. 3. ditto.
Bradley Neal, Oct. 10. Kensington.
Brady widow, Sept. 22. ditto.
Brady widow, ditto 27. ditto.
Brady Henry, his child, Oct. 14. ditto.
Brady James, Sept. 2. City Hospital.
Brady John, ditto 1. ditto.
Brangers Clelman, ditto 27. ditto.
Branner Elizabeth, ditto 22. Friends.
Branner George, his daughter, Oct. 4 ditto.
Bray William, Sept. 10. City Hospital.
Bredan Henry, ditto 1. ditto.
Braun widow, Oct. German Reformed.
Breintnal Jane, Sept. 3. Friends.
Breish John, his child, Aug. 14. German Lutheran.
Breish Widow, her daughter, ditto 17. ditto.
Breneman, Christian. Oct. 1. City Hospital.
Brennan Edward, Sept. 21. St. Mary's. 
Brennan William, ditto 29. ditto.
Brenner George, his daughter, Oct. 27. Friend's.
Brenner Peter, Oct. 18. City Hospital.
Brereton James, Sept. 25. ditto.
Brewster Samuel, Aug. 29. St. Peter's.
Brightwell Benjamin, Sept. 15. Kensington.
Brightwell widow, Oct. 7. ditto. 
Ditto her daughter, Nov. 4. ditto.
Brimmer Mr. Oct. 1. City Hospital.
Bringhurst William, Oct. 17. Baptists.
Bringhurst William, his son-in-law, Sept. 27 ditto.
Brissington Sarah, Sept. 5. City Hospital.
Broadhead Jemima, Sept. 23. ditto.
Brobet, son of Mr. Sept. 24. ditto.
Brooks John, Aug. 27. 3d Presybterian.
Brooks Thomas, Sept. 28. Friend's.
Broom Thomas, his child, Sept. 98. St. Pauls.
Broom Thomas, ditto Oct. 8. ditto.
Broomfield Elijah, his child, Sept. 3. Kensington.
Brozy Catherine, Sept. 3. City Hospital.
Brown William, ditto 29. Christ Church
Brown Samuel, Aug. 28. Friends.
Brown Joseph, his child, Aug. 26. Kensington.
Brown Thomas, his child, Aug. 5. 2d Presbyterian.
Brown Mrs. Sept 17. ditto.
Brown Francis, Aug. 29. Trinity.
Brown Charles, Sept. 6. City Hospital.
Brown Mr. his child,. Oct. 29. 1st Presbyterian.
Brown Mary, Sept. 24. St. Mary's.
Brown John, child, Oct. 4. ditto.
Brown Elizabeth, Aug. 28. Swedes.
Brown Rachel, her mother, Aug. 1. Methodists.
Brown Ludwick, Sept. 13. German Lutheran.

LIST OF DEATHS. (B)
Brown John, his wife. Oct. 10. City Hospital.
Brown John, his child, Oct. 12. ditto
Brown Thomas, Sept 14. ditto
Brown Susannah, Sept. 15. ditto
Brown Henry, Sept. 26. ditto
Brown Catherine, Oct. 3. ditto
Brown Benjamin, ditto 30. ditto
Brown Jacob, Aug. 27. ditto
Brown Isaac, ditto 26. ditto
Brown Peter, Sept. 7. ditto
Brown Lawrence, Oct. 11. ditto
Brown William, ditto 14. ditto
Bryan Sarah, Sept. 6. ditto
Bruce John, his wife, ditto 15. ditto
Bruce John, ditto 19. ditto
Bryan Mealy, Aug. 27. ditto
Brunot Felix, his child, ditto 29. German Lutheran.
Bryson Mary, daughter of James, Sept. 20. Christ Church.
Bubroon, Mr. his wife, Aug. 21. German Lutheran.
Bucher Jacob, his son, Sept. 2. ditto
Bucher Jacob, his child, ditto 30. ditto
Bucher Jacob, Oct. 2. ditto 
Bucher Mary, ditto 9. City Hospital.
Bucker Richard, Sept. 17. ditto
Buckley Samuel, Aug. 27. ditto
Buckley Isaac, his child, Sept. 24. Christ Church.
Buckley Isaac, his daughter, Oct. 2. ditto
Bull Jacob, Aug. 25. City Hospital.
Bussum James, Oct. 1. ditto
Bullay Isabella, child of Andreas, Sept. 24. St. Mary's.
Bullburger Henry, ditto 27. City Hospital.
Bulleaux John, ditto 2. ditto
Bulleaux Mary, ditto 2. ditto
Bunker Elizabeth, Oct. 1. ditto
Buntin John, his child, Aug. 4. Friends.
Burk, Augustus Loir, ditto 23. City Hospital.
Burk Edward, his wife, Oct. 9. ditto
Burk Eleanor, ditto 13. ditto
Burkhard John, ditto 10. ditto
Burling John, his child, Sept. 10. Trinity.
Burn Thomas, ditto 26. St. Mary's.
Burns Paul, his son, Oct. 2. 3d Presbyterian.
Burns George, his child, ditto 10. St. Thomas's.
Burns Hannah, Sept. 8. Swedes.
Burns Mary, Nov. 1. City Hospital.
Burnside Mr. Sept. 15. 3d Presbyterian.
Busch, widow, Oct. 11. German Lutheran.
Busby Sarah, Sept. 22. City Hospital.
Bush Hannah, wife of William, ditto 30. St. Thomas's
Bush Ann, ditto 30 City Hospital.
Busher Daniel, his child, ditto 27. Kensington.
Busher John, Oct. 3. City Hospital.
Butcher John, son of Job, Sept. 10. Friends.
Butcher David, Oct, 7. City Hospital.
Butler James, Sept. 18. Kensington.
Butler. Daniel, his child, ditto 27. ditto

( C ) LIST OF DEATHS.
Buyer William, a child, Aug. 21. City Hospital.
Byrne, Mrs. Rose, Sept. 14. St. Mary's.
C.
Cabe Mrs. her child, Sept. 24. City Hospital.
Cahile Eleanor, Aug. 16. ditto
Cain James, Sept. 22. ditto
Cairns Patrick, Aug. 29. ditto
Caldwell John, Sept. 11. German Lutheran.
Caldwell Charles, ditto 11. City Hospital
Caldwell Samuel, ditto 8. ditto
Calhoon Hetty, ditto 20. ditto
Call Edward, son of John, ditto 21. Swedes.
Call John, his daughter, ditto 30. City Hospital.
Callaghan Edward, Aug. 29. ditto
Callender Fanny, Oct. 11.ditto
Callier Mary, Sept. 24. ditto
Call Mary, ditto 9. ditto
Cameron John, his child, ditto 9. 3rd Presbyterian.
Cameron Dongal, ditto 2. Friends.
Camp Robert, ditto 7. Kensington.
Campbell Mrs. Aug. 24. City Hospital.
Campbell, Mr. joiner, ditto 28.3rd Presbyterian.
Campbell John, Sept. 25. City Hospital.
Campbell John, sexton, ditto 15. Methodists.
Campbell Elizabeth, ditto 27. City Hospital.
Campbell Sarah, ditto 19. ditto
Campbell Margaret, ditto 18. ditto
Campbell Jane, ditto 20. ditto
Campbell William, Aug 28. ditto
Camphouse Hannah, Sept. 14. ditto
Canady Mary, Aug. 31. ditto
Canning Rachel, Sept. 15. Kensington.
Cannon Hugh, Oct. 1. Swedes.
Cappavel Mrs. Sept. 19. City Hospital
Capper Michael, ditto 21. ditto
Carban Daniel, his son ditto 30. ditto
Carberry Daniel, Oct. 5. ditto
Carberry Isabella, ditto 12. ditto
Carberry Philip, ditto 1. ditto
Carberry Isabella, ditto 9. ditto
Carey Nathaniel, Aug. 29. ditto
Carey Mary, daughter of Charles, Oct. 4. Friends'.
Carefoot Maria, Sept. 28. City Hospital. 
Carger Henry, ditto 23. ditto
Carigar Deborah, Oct. 6. ditto
Garner Elizabeth, Sept. 30. ditto
Carney Jane, Aug. 20. ditto
Carpenter William, Sept. 16. Friends'.
Carson Elizabeth, ditto 14. City Hospital. 
Carper John, ditto 5. ditto
Carper John, ditto 20. ditto
Carr James, ditto 15.ditto
Carr Alexander, ditto 24. 3d Presbyterian.
Carr Bernard, ditto 5. St. Mary's.

LIST OF DEATHS: (C)
Carragher Philip, a child, Oct. 6. St. Mary's.
Carrell John, Aug. 26. 1st Presbyterian.
Carrell Paul, Sept. 21. St. Mary's.
Carroll Rebecca, her child, ditto, 30. German Lutheran.
Carson Elizabeth, ditto 14. City Hospital.
Cart Mary, ditto 22. ditto
Carter Sarah, ditto 2. ditto
Carter John, his child, Aug. 30. Kensington.
Carter Jacob, Oct. 1. City Hospital. 
Carter Miss, Aug. 27. ditto
Carter James, Sept. 25. ditto
Cash Cynthia, widow, ditto 12. Christ Church
Casler Jacob, September 30 ditto
Cassidy Patrick, printer, ditto 13. St. Mary's.
Cassidy Widow, ditto 19. Swedes.
Cassidy Charles, Oct. 10. City Hospital.
Cassidy Edward, Aug. 13. ditto
Cassidy John, ditto 19. ditto
Casteline Anthony, Sept. 27. ditto
Cat Polly, ditto 23. ditto
Catherine Ketty, Oct. 10. ditto
Catherine Charles, ditto 12. ditto
Cathers William, Aug. 4. St. Paul's.
Causey William, his child, ditto 17. 3d Presbyterian.
Cavenough Hugh, September 27 City Hospital
Cauley George, ditto 7 ditto
Chace John, a child, August 10 St. Thomas's
Chaloner Samuel, clerk Bank U. S. Sept. 17 Christ Church
Chambers Ann, ditto 7 St. Mary's
Chambers William, a child, August 21 St. Mary's.
Chambers William, his child, September 26 Kensington
Chandler Rachel, October 5 City Hospital.
Charlton Daniel, ditto 3 Methodists.
Chat Claudius, August 22 City Hospital
Chase Edward, November 5 ditto
Chateaudun, an infant, September 24 St. Mary's
Chatham Joseph, aged 87 years, October 4 Friends
Chatham John, his child, September 28 City Hospital
Cheeseman Benjamin, ditto 7 Friends
Cherry James, ditto 18 City Hospital
Chesnut Margaret, ditto 15 ditto
Chesson John, ditto 26 ditto
Chesson Adam, October 5 ditto
Chester Samuel, his wife, September 19 Kensington
Chin Peter, September 15 City Hospital
Chivenes John, ditto 5 Baptists
Chrissey William, ditto 24 City Hospital
Christer Catherine, ditto 30 ditto
Christie Alexander, painter, ditto 14 1st Presbyterian
Christie James, October 7 German Lutheran
Christie William, September 23 City Hospital
Christy William, his child, ditto 3 St. Paul's
Christy George, his wife, October 1 ditto
Christman William, his two children, ditto 18 Trinity
Christman John, his wife, September 21 Swedes
B

(C) LIST OF DEATHS.
Church Mary, September 4 Swedes
Churchman Mary, ditto 8 Friends
Cimsey Phoebe, ditto 11 City Hospital
Clark Deborah, August 29 ditto
Clark Moses, September 3 ditto
Clark William, ditto 7 ditto
Clark Joseph, ditto 22 ditto
Clark Mrs. ditto 22 ditto
Clark John, ditto 29 ditto
Clark Bathsheba, ditto 23 ditto
Clark Thomas, son of Joseph, August 27 Christ Church
Clark Joseph, September 21 Friends
Clark Thomas, son of Joseph, ditto 27 ditto
Clark Cornelius, August 25 City Hospital
Clark Joel, September 23 ditto
Clark Thomas, his son, August 21 Swedes
Clark Mr. September 29 ditto
Clark John, ditto 23 City Hospital
Clark William, ditto 7 ditto
Claypoole Daniel, ditto 2 ditto
Clarkham John, ditto 8 ditto
Clauser widow, October 16 German Lutheran
Clarkson Mary, August 30 Kensignton
Clauser Jacob, his wife, October 2 German Lutheran
Clauser Jacob, his child, ditto 10
Clendening Robert, ditto 9 City Hospital 
Cline Peter, August 30 ditto
Clifton William, September 16 Christ Church
Clifton Elizabeth, ditto 10 Friends
Clinton Ann, ditto 1 Methodists
Clouse William, ditto 25 City Hospital
Cline Susannah, October 4 ditto
Clymer John, ditto 17 ditto
Cline Christiana, September 3 ditto
Coal William, ditto 17 Kensington
Coates Sarah, November 10 City Hospital
Coates Abraham, his child, September 8 Kensington
Coates Thomas, October 12 City Hospital
Coates William, ditto 12 Coates's
Cobbs Rebecca, August 19 City Hospital
Cockburn Mrs. wife of Philip, Aug. 26 St. Peters
Cockburn Philip, August 18 ditto
Ditto, his child, ditto 26 ditto
Cochran, John, September 27 City Hospital
Cochler George, ditto 15 St. Mary's
Coffin Catherine, daughter of capt. Aug. 1 2d Presby.
Cole Maria, September 8 City Hospital
Cole Richard, ditto 3 St. Mary's
Cole Robert, ditto 16 City Hospital
Cole Joseph, ditto 19 ditto
Cole Andrew, his wife, ditto 22 ditto
Coleman Mrs. ditto German Reformed
Coleman Philip, October 1 German Lutheran
Coleman Philip, September 21 ditto
Colinton John, ditto 27 City Hospital

LIST OF DEATHS. (C)
Collard James, his daughter, September 24 Methodists
Collard James, his child, Aug. 11 ditto
Colley John, September 14 City Hospital
Collins Joseph, ditto 3 ditto
Collins Mary, ditto 27 ditto
Collins Philip, August Bethel
Colton Antipass, September 23 City Hospital
Condon William, October 8 St. Mary's
Condy Benjamin, August 26 1st Presbyterian
Conky Miss, September 11 Associate
Connell John, October 8 City Hospital 
Connell Bridget, September 13 ditto
Connelly Margaret, October 1 ditto
Connelly Elizabeth, September 14 ditto
Connels John, October 9 ditto
Condie Eliza, a child, September 4 Universalists
Connor John, ditto 7 2d Presbyterian
Conry Edward, ditto 12 City Hospital
Conson Elizabeth, August 19 ditto
Conyer John, September 5 ditto
Conway Mary, ditto 3 ditto
Cook Samuel, August 11 ditto
Cook Betty, September 10 ditto
Cook Elizabeth, ditto 14 ditto
Cook Levy, October 15 ditto
Cook Conrad, ditto 8 ditto
Cook Christian, September 14 Kensington
Cook Christina, ditto 14 ditto
Cook Silence, August Bethel
Cook Ann, September 10 City Hospital
Cook Eliza, ditto 30 ditto
Cook Eleanor, August 28 ditto
Cook Elizabeth, her child, September 28 Swedes
Coomps Ann, ditto 11 City Hospital
Coop Rachel, October 6 ditto
Cooper Michael, September 2 ditto
Cooper Rachel, October 5 ditto
Cooper Samuel, M. D. September 4 one of phy-
sicians at the City Hospital Friends
Cooper George, his wife, October 2 German Lutheran
Cooper George, October 9 ditto
Cope Gottleib, his child, August 6 ditto
Copper Hannah, September 3 City Hospital
Copia John, his daughter, August 27 St. Mary's
Coram John, October 26 City Hospital
Corbet Alexander, his wife, November 1
Corbet James, September 29 City Hospital
Cordos Anthony, September 11 ditto
Corens Ann, ditto 24 St. Mary's
Corneles Matthew, his wife, August 22 Baptists
Costie Davis, September 21 City Hospital
Coulton Hugh, September 10 3d Presbyterian
Coulthart Mrs. October 11 City Hospital
Coulton David, September 13 ditto
Couram John, October 21 ditto
Courtney Susannah, a child, ditto. 27 ditto

( C ) LIST OF DEATHS.
Cowen George, August 31 City Hospital
Cowperthwaite Mr. September 21 St. Peter's
Cowperthwiite Mr. his widow, ditto 22 ditto.
Coyle Michael, October 15 City Hospital
Coyle Philip, September 11 St. Mary's
Coward James, ditto 2 City Hospital
Cox Widow, ditto 28 St. Paul's
Cox Sarah, October 2 City Hospital
Cox Moses, August 8 Friends
Cox Gabriel, September 28 City Hospital
Cox William, a child, October 19
Craig John, August 15 ditto.
Craig Comfort, ditto 28 ditto.
Craig James, ditto 20 St. Peter's
Craig George, September 3 Methodists
Craig George, his wife, August 3. ditto.
Cramp Catherine, September 21 Kensington 
Crampshire John, ditto 26 City Hospital
Crea Mrs. ditto 6 ditto.
Crea Mary, ditto 23 ditto.
Creamon John, ditto 14 ditto.
Cremer Mr. October 11 Swedes
Creneman Elizabeth, September 23 City Hospital
Cresson, son of widow, ditto 21 Friends
Crew Ann, ditto 10 City Hospital
Crippin Mrs. Mary, ditto 4 St. Peter's
Crippin Betsey, ditto 10 City Hospital
Crispin Michael, his child, August 14 Kensington
Croker John September 26 City Hospital
Cromley Thomas, August 16 German Lutheran
Cromwell John, his wife, October 5. St. Paul's
Crosell Martha, her child, August 4 Kensington
Cross Mr. his son, 14 years, October Universalists
Croton Betsey, October 1 City Hospital
Crow John, August 27 ditto
Crowden Mary, September 10 Christ Church
Crowell Rachel, ditto 29 2d Presbyterian
Crozier Miss, August 27 City Hospital
Cummings Joseph, September 2 ditto.
Cummings Thomas, his child, ditto 20 Friends
Cummings Joseph, ditto 2 ditto
Cunningham Peter, August 31 City Hospital
Cunningham John, September 1 ditto
Cunningham Ann, August 26 2d Presbyterian
Cunningham Ann, September 8 1st Presbyterian
Cunningham Jane, ditto 3 Christ Church
Cunningham Thomas, ditto 8 Associate
Cunningham Robert, ditto 8 City Hospital
Curgees Mr. his daughter, ditto 23 3d Presbyterian
Curlett Thomas, his son, ditto 22 St. Peter's
Currie John, ditto 20 German Lutheran
Currie Susan, August 28 City Hospital
Curtis Elizabeth, September 4 ditto
Curtis Joseph, his son, October 3 St. Thomas's
Curtis Mary, September 27 St. Mary's

LIST OF DEATHS. (C D)
Cushing John, September 4 City Hospital
Cushing Samuel, ditto 27 2d Presbyterian
Cussell Jane, October 7 City Hospital
Cussit Jane, ditto 6 ditto
Custis Abigail, ditto 20 St. Thomas's
Cuthbert Robert, son of Anthony, October 7
D
Daily John, October 10 City Hospital
Dally Catherine, September 7 ditto
Dally Gifford, August 29 ditto
Daudsler-, ditto 26 ditto
Dane Mrs. ditto 25 ditto
Dane George ditto 16 ditto
Danly Charles, a child, ditto 17 St. Mary's
Dannaker Samuel, September 22 German Lutheran
Darnley Mr. 47, Penn st. ditto 11 City Hospital
Dartnell Thomas, son of Thomas, August 14 St. Peter's 
Dartnell Thomas, shoemaker, September 12 ditto
Dastin John, ditto 25 City Hospital
Dauterman Jacob, his child, August 3 German Lutheran
Davidson Ann, September 20 St. Mary's
Davidson Margaret, ditto 7 City Hospital
Davidson Ann, ditto 4 ditto
Davie Adam, October 9 Associate
Davie Adam, his child, ditto 4 ditto
Davis Jane, November 2 Methodists
Davis John, September 10 City Hospital
Davis Mary, ditto 19 ditto
Davis Margaret, ditto 17 ditto
Davis Abner, October 12 ditto
Davis Mary, ditto 2 ditto
Davis John, August 24 ditto
Davis Margaret, September 5 ditto
Davis Stephen, August 11 ditto
Davis Sarah, October 9
Dawns William, September 24 ditto
Dawson George Henry, August 3
Dawson Charlotte, September 17
Day Thomas, August 26 City Hospital
Day John, September 5 ditto
Deads Sarah, ditto 14 ditto
Deal John, October 1 ditto
Deal John, his daughter German Reformed
Deal James, November 3 City Hospital
Deal William, August 21 ditto
Deal George, a child, September 2 ditto
Death Jacob, his wife, ditto 11 Kensington
Death Jacob, his child, ditto 26 ditto
Debaskewill Thomas, ditto 2 Baptist
De Berey Joseph, his wife, ditto 4 St. Mary's 
Decoster Christiana, ditto 8 Trinity
Deeden Jacob, ditto 3 City Hospital

( D ) LIST OF DEATHS.
Deemer Lewis, his daughter, August 28 3d Presbyterian
Deevor Conrad, his child, September 29 German Lutheran
Dehart Samuel, October 27 City Hospital
Deihl Maria, ditto German Reformed
Deil William, August 21 City Hospital
Deil John, September German Reformed
Deimting Francis, his child, August 5 ditto Lutheran
Dekerieth John, September 23 City Hospital
Delamar Margaret, August 10 St. Mary's
Delau Barbara, October 1 German Lutheran
Delavu Jane, ditto 10 Christ Church
Demer Rachel, September 11 City Hospital
Demer Mary, ditto 16 ditto
Demiss Ann, ditto 12 ditto
Demot Charlotte ditto 15 ditto
Demont Catherine, a child, ditto 12 St. Mary's
Denickson Joseph, August 30 City Hospital
Denning Mary, September 29 ditto
Denning Patrick, August 15 ditto
Dennis John, August 21 ditto
Dennis Augustus, ditto 30 ditto
Dennis Dolly, October 20 Kensington
Dennis John, his child, ditto ditto
Denny George, August 31 St. Mary's
Denny Daniel, his son, September 20 City Hospital
Denny William, ditto 9 German Lutheran
Denny Dennis, August 31 City Hospital
Derkin Widow, September 11 German Lutheran
Derrickson William August 25 City Hospital
Dermot Elizabeth, September 1 ditto
Derres George ditto 11 Kensington
Desey Charles, October 10 City Hospital
Dexette Patrick, August 25 St. Mary's
Deykman Peter, September 20 German Lutheran
Diamond Mary, September 9 City Hospital
Dezay Philip, his child, ditto 19 St. Mary's 
Diamond Conrad, ditto 27 German Lutheran
Dibert Philip, August 18 ditto
Diamond Widow, November 8 German Lutheran
Dickson Sarah, August 29 City Hospital 
Dickson Samuel, ditto 21 ditto
Dick Ann, September 12 ditto
Dickson Catherine, ditto 28 ditto
Dice, 45 south Water-street, ditto 19 ditto
Dick Mrs. M August 30 St. Peter's
Ditto her daughter, September 8. ditto
Dickson John, his child, August 16 Kensington
Dickens Elizabeth, September 26 Methodists
Dickens Rev. Mr. John, ditto 27 ditto
Diel Peter, ditto 27 German Lutheran
Diel John, his daughter, October German Reformed
Dickson Ann, August 31 City Hospital
Dietmer Conrad, October German Reformed
Diebrich Michael, his wife, ditto 4
Diebrich Michael, October 6 German Lutheran

LIST OF DEATHS. (D)
Dietz Simon, his child, September 25 German Lutheran 
Dietz Mr. schoolmaster, his wife, ditto 27 ditto
Dietz Frederick, ditto 24 City Hospital 
Dietz Margaret, ditto 24 ditto
Digneron Charles, his wife, ditto 5 St. Mary's
Dillman Ann, ditto 25 City Hospital
Dillon Isabella, a child, ditto 29 St. Mary's
Dillon Elizabeth, August 5 ditto
Dillon Martha, ditto 13 City Hospital
Dinkle Catherine, ditto 24 ditto
Diver Patrick, ditto 14 ditto
Dixey William, September 14 ditto
Dixey William, ditto 18 Friends
Dobbins Mary, October 15 ditto
Dobelbower J. Henry, at Wilmington
Dobelbower Jacob, October 2 German Lutheran
Dobelbower Frederick, ditto 6 ditto
Dobson John, ditto 16 City Hospital
Dogle John, September 25 ditto
Doll Mrs. ditto 9 ditto
Donahower Jacob, October 3 German Lutheran
Donald John, his child, September 2 Kensington
Donaldson Captain Nathaniel, August 14 2d Presbyterian
Doney Mrs. September 8 City Hospital
Doney John Gottleib, ditto 1 German Lutheran
Donnaker Widow, ditto 9 Kensington
Donnelly James, ditto 7 City Hospital
Dorin William, August 14 ditto
Dorffer Susannah, October German Reformed
Dorr Catherina, ditto ditto
Dorrness George, ditto 13 German Lutheran
Dorsey Matthew, ditto 2 City Hospital
Dorsey William, ditto 1 ditto
Dorsey Dr. his two children, August 25 St. Paul's
Dougall Christina, September 18 City Hospital
Dougherty Mary, August 14 ditto
Dougherty James, November 3 ditto
Dougherty Sarah, September 4 ditto
Dougherty Hugh, ditto 29 ditto
Dougherty Madge, ditto 7 St. Mary's
Doughten Christian, August 1 St. Peter's
Douglas John, September 26 City Hospital
Douglas Elizabeth, November 1 3d Presbyterian
Douglas William, September 30 City Hospital
Douglas Ann, ditto 7 ditto
Douglas Cooper, ditto 13 ditto
Douglas William, ditto 17 ditto
Dowdishell Barbara, ditto 1 Kensington
Dowell Elizabeth, ditto City Hospital.
Dowlan James, ditto 17 St. Mary's
Dowling Widow Elizabeth, October 1 St. Peter's
Dowling Elizabeth, daughter of John, August 14 ditto
Dox George, his child, ditto 28 German Lutheran
Doyle Dennis, a child, ditto 13 St. Peter's
Doyle George, September 17 City Hospital 

D) LIST OF DEATHS.
Draper Charles, September 23 City Hospital 
Dring Silas, ditto 10 ditto
Droz Charlotte Humbert, 4 years, ditto 28 Free Quakers
Dry John, ditto 4 City Hospital
Dubois Mrs. ditto 27 ditto
Duce Mr. Coombes's Alley, ditto 15 ditto
Dudman Widow Mary, ditto 16 Baptists
Duff Polly, ditto 20 Methodists
Duff Dawson, his child, August 5 St. Peter's
Duff Henry, September 30 City Hospital
Duffy Grace, August 14 ditto
Duffy John, October 26 ditto
Duffy Catherine, August 28 ditto
Duffy Jane, September 17 St. Mary's 
Duffy John, ditto 30 ditto
Duffy Elizabeth, ditto 27 City Hospital
Dugall Christina, ditto 18 ditto
Dugan Adam, October 8 ditto
Dunbar Widow, ditto 21 Swedes
Duncan Matthew, his wife, August 26 Scots Presbyterian
Dunigar Catherine, October 8 City Hospital
Dunlap John, September 24 ditto
Dunman Catherine, August 27 ditto
Dunn David, November 5 ditto
Dunn Nancy, September 20 ditto
Dunn Mary, October 29 ditto
Dunn John, August 19 ditto
Dunworth Catherine, ditto 24 ditto
Dupray Peter, September 8 ditto
Durang Mr. ditto 13 ditto
Durfenille Mr. his child, October ditto
Durham James, September 3 St.Mary's
Dusepia-, ditto 14 City Hospital
Dushane Mrs. August 30 2d Presbyterian
Dutton Widow, September 25 Coate's
Dyer Amelia, ditto 2 City Hospital
Dyhart Prine, ditto 11 ditto
E.
Ealy Nelly, September 19 City Hospital
Easby William, ditto 25 Baptist
Easby William, his widow, October 2 ditto
Easby John, ditto 16 ditto
Easby John, his daughter, ditto 28 ditto
Easton Douglas, son of David, August 2 Christ Church
Eckert George, September 7 City Hospital
Eckert George, his wife, ditto 16 German Lutheran.
Eckert Elizabeth, August ditto Reformed
Eckert Catherine October 1 ditto
Eckford Walter, September 22 City Hospital
Ederton Samuel, November 2 ditto
Edwards Rosannah, September Bethel
Edwards Mary, October 6 Friends
Ehman Anna Maria, ditto 2 City Hospital
Ehrenzeller Hilary, son of Jacob, ditto 7 Christ Church

LIST OF DEATHS. (E)
Ehrenzeller Jacob, his son, September 16 Christ Church
Ehrenzeller Jacob, October 27 ditto
Ehrhart Martin, August 25 German Lutheran
Ehrhart Michael, his child, September 4 ditto
Ehrman Rebecca, October German Reformed
Elbele Jacob, September 15 German Lutheran
Eldridge Jane, November City Hospital
Elfry Christina, October German Reformed
Elhart Peter, his child, August 24 Kensington
Eliza, November 4 City Hospital 
Elliot Robert, October 20 ditto
Elliot Mrs. corner of Shippen & Crab-street, Sept 21 ditto
Elliot Ann, ditto 9 ditto
Elliot Thomas, his child, November 9 German Lutheran
Elliot Robert, September 18 1st Presbyterian
Elliot William, October 6 City Hospital
Elliot John, August 13 City Hospital 
Elliot John, ditto 29 ditto
Elkin Martha, wife of Augel, September 19 Swedes
Ellis Hannah, September 13 Christ Church
Ellison John, August 28 City Hospital
Emerich Frederick, October 17 German Lutheran
Emerich Frederick, ditto 28 ditto
Emery Jabez, ditto 20 Moravians
Emery Arthur, son of Jabez, ditto 21 ditto
Emery Jabez, son of Jabez, ditto 25 ditto
Emery Elizabeth, September 3 City Hospital
Enck, widow, ditto German Reformed
Enck Johannes, October ditto
Enniss Alexander, September 15 City Hospital
Enniss Ann, a child, August 31 St. Mary's
Enniss Rev. Mr. Michael, pastor of St. Mary Chapel, ditto
Erffer George, a child, August German Reformed
Erlich George, his son, September 27 German Lutheran
Esher Frederick, his child, ditto 26 ditto
Esler John, October 17 City Hospital
Esler Maria, September German Reformed
Esling Paul, ditto 21 St. Mary's
Esserise John, ditto 20 City Hospital
Eter Adam, ditto 19 German Lutheran
Etres George, his daughter, August German Reformed
Etres Johannes, September ditto
Evans Margaret, October 3 City Hospital
Evans George, September 11 ditto
Evans Joseph, son of Isaac, August 6 St. Peter's
Evans Margaret, her child, September 9, Kensington
Evans Mrs. October 12 Coates's
Evans Margaret, wife of Jacob, September 26 Moravians
Evans Ebenezer, August 10 City Hospital 
Evans Mary, September 2 ditto
Evans Elizabeth, ditto 3 ditto
Everhart George, ditto 30 ditto
Everhart John, his child, August 22 German Lutheran
Everhart, widow, October 8 ditto
Everhart Martin, September 14 City Hospital

(E F) LIST OF DEATHS.
Everly Adam, his child, August 13 German Lutheran
Everly Jacob, his child, September 15. Kensington
Evilt Mary, August 29 City Hospital
Ewalt Jacob, his child, October 6 German Lutheran
Ewing Mary, September 6 3d Presbyterian
Ewing George, ditto 29 2d Presbyterian
Ewing Mary, ditto 4 City Hospital
Eyler Catherine, ditto 9 German Lutheran
Exly Helen, ditto 26 Kensington
F
Fabridge Peter, September 27 City Hospital
Fagundus Margaret, ditto 18 ditto
Fagundus John, ditto 5 ditto
Fairweather Alexander, October 1 Scots Presbyterian
Falby John, son of Timothy, September 19 Swedes
Fallier Catherine, October German Reformed
Fan Christian, his wife, September 30 City Hospital
Fanning Rachel, ditto 21 ditto
Farmer George, ditto 27 ditto
Farns Moses, ditto 12 ditto
Farrady John, ditto 11 ditto
Farrell Diana, October 12 ditto
Farrell Patrick, a child, September 12 St. Mary's
Farrety Joseph, ditto 10 City Hospital
Faulkner George, ditto 29 ditto
Fausinger David, ditto German Reformed
Faus Mr. ditto ditto
Fearon Mary, ditto 28 City Hospital
Fearon Richard, ditto 24 ditto
Feeds Cupit ditto 15 ditto
Fede - ditto ditto
Fegan John, October 13 St. Mary's
Feigs Mary, September 11 Christ Church
Fengey Mary, October 3 Swedes
Fennell Mrs. upholstress, Front-street
Featherbridge John, his wife, August 27 Methodists
Ditto his daughter, ditto 28 ditto
Fenner, widow, September German Reyormed
Fenno John, his wife, ditto 4 2d Presbyterian
Fenno John, his child, ditto 16 ditto
Fenno John, Printer, ditto 14 ditto
Ferguson James, his wife, ditto 10 St. Paul's
Ferguson Ebenezer, his young man, ditto 3d Presbyterian
Ferguson James, ditto 13 Methodists
Ferry Sarah, August 28 City Hospital
Fethorn John, October 12 Trinity
Fetter James, his child, August 27 Kensington
Field James, September 18 City Hospital
Field Joseph, ditto 19 St. Mary's
Field Patrick, ditto 7 ditto
Fife, Elizabeth, ditto 3 City Hospital
Fight Henry, October 13 ditto

LIST OF DEATHS. (F)
Fimpel Jacob, October 18 German Lutheran
Fink Major John, September 22 Kensington
Finlay John, August 23 City Hospital
Finny John, his child, September 11 Kensington
Finny Thomas, ditto 20 City Hospital
Fisher Zachariah, ditto 10 ditto
Fisher Sebastian, ditto 26 ditto
Fisher Mary, ditto 6 ditto
Fisher Elizabeth, ditto 7 ditto
Fisher Elizabeth, ditto 15 ditto
Fisher Thomas, son of Miers, August 19 Friends
Fisher Zachariah, his child, ditto 22 Kensington
Fisler William, November 1 City Hospital
Fiss Peter, October German Reformed
Fister Mary, ditto 19 Kensington
Fitzgerald Elizabeth, September 21 City Hospital
Fitzpatrick Edmund, August 17 ditto
Flagg Jonathan, his child, ditto 20 2d Presbyterian
Flanagan Mr. September 8 City Hospital
Flanagan Phoebe, wife of Stephen, October St. Peters
Fleek Christopher, September 14 City Hospital
Fleming John, August 18 ditto
Fleming Mrs. September 21 2d Presbyterian
Fletcher Elizabeth, ditto 13 City Hospital
Fletcher Elizabeth, her child, ditto 27 ditto
Fletcher Mrs. her son, October 9 Universalists
Flick George, ditto 16 Kensington
Flick Widow, August German Reformed
Flicker Elizabeth, October 14 City Hospital
Flicker Michael, his wife, ditto 3 ditto
Flood Ezekiel, ditto 26 ditto
Flyhocker Henry, September 23 ditto
Fogle Mrs. ditto 28 ditto
Fogle, william, ditto 5 Swedes
Fogle Mr. his child, August 29 German Lutheran
Fogle Jacob, October 2 ditto
Fogle Jacob, his child, ditto 15 ditto
Fogle Albrecht, his child, ditto 13 ditto
Fogle Albrecht, his wife, ditto 14 ditto
Folier Ann, September 15 City Hospital
Folwell Samuel, his child, August German Reformed
Fongey Mary, October 3 Swedes
Fonsey Mrs. September 12 City Hospital
Ford Curtis James, August 25 ditto
Ford Theophilus, ditto 31 ditto
Ford Mary, September 27 Christ Church
Fordham John, his wife, October 12 Kensington
Forrich Tobias, September 27 Trinity
Forsberg Nicholas, ditto 5 Swedes
Forthner Frederick, son of widow, ditto 22 St. Mary's 
Forthner Elizabeth, daughter of ditto, ditto 24 ditto
Forthner George, son of Nicholas, ditto 20 ditto 
Foster Hannah, ditto 7 City Hospital
Foulke Mary, August 25 ditto
Foulke George, September 30 ditto

(F G) LIST OF DEATHS.
Foulke George, October 1 City Hospital
Foulke Adam, August 17 German Lutheran
Fournier Mr. September 28 City Hospital
Fow Peter, ditto 30 Kensington
Fowler Dennis, ditto 30 City Hospital
Fox Christian, his son-in-law, ditto 29 German Lutheran
Fox George, his child, August 25 Kensington
Fox Robert, his wife, September 7 2d Presbyterian
Fox Robert, ditto 15 ditto
Foxall Agnes, wife of the Rev. Mr. Fox-
all, October 6 Methodists
Foy Anna Maria, September 14 German Lutheran
Foysberry Nicholas, ditto 5 ditto
Foy James, ditto 12 ditto
France Jacob, October 31 Gearman Lutheran
Francis Jacob, his wife, September 22 ditto
Francis Jacob, his daughter, ditto 24 ditto
Franck Henry, October 24 Kensington
Franck Christian, September German Reformed
Franklin Ann, ditto 24 City Hospital
Fraser Daniel, August 30 ditto
Fraser Daniel, a child, September 23 ditto
Fraser David, ditto 30 ditto
Fraser Catherine, November 6 ditto
Fraser Ludwick, October 14 German Lutheran
Fraunces Samuel M. ditto 25 City Hospital
Frederick John, son of Jacob, shoemaker, Sept. 26 Kensington
Frederick George, ditto 21 City Hospital
Fredericks Mr. his wife, September 23 German Lutheran
Freed Mrs. ditto 24 City Hospital
Freish Mr. ditto 24 ditto
French Thomas, ditto 14 ditto
Freshel John, ditto 19 ditto
Frey Jacob, his son. ditto German Reformed
Freytag Catherine, October ditto
Freytag, widow, November ditto
Freytag Peter, ditto ditto
Friend Daniel, September 14 City Hospital
Friess, brother of Jacob, October 25 Kensington
Frieze Mr. his wife, ditto 30 ditto
Frinden Salome, September 23 Trinity
Fritz William, his child, August 30 Kensington
Frompo Andrew, ditto 23 City Hospital
Frondez Mr. his wife, September 27
Fry Thomas, ditto 17 German Lutheran
Fry Jacob, ditto 29 City Hospital
Fryburgh John, his child, ditto 6 ditto
Furchill Daniel, ditto 11 City Hospital
G
Gallagher Edward, October 6 City Hospital
Gallagher Ann, August 6 St. Mary's
Gallagher James, (porter) September 28 ditto 

LIST OF DEATHS. (G)
Gallagher Miles, October 4 City Hospital
Gallagher Catherine, September 24 ditto
Gallagher Mary, ditto 20 ditto
Gallagher William, ditto 25 ditto
Gallagher Edward, October 5 ditto
Gambas Sarah, September 14 Kensington
Gamber Jacob, October 27 ditto
Gamber Johannes, September German Reformed
Ganett Margaret, August 29 City Hospital
Gano William, his son, October 13 2d Presbyterian
Gardner William, his child, August 6 Kensington
Gardner Mr. his child, September 10 St. Paul's
Gardner Mr. do. do. ditto 8 ditto
Gardner Mrs. ditto 23 City Hospital
Gardner John, his daughter, August 9 2d Presbyterian
Garlany Henry, October 15 City Hospital
Garwood John, his child, ditto 30 Swedes
Gasper John, his child, September 2 Kensington
Gaul John, a child, August German Reformed
Gaul Elizabeth, ditto 20 Trinity
Gaynor Thomas, October 6 St. Mary's
Geitz Reinhart, September 22 City Hospital
Gemore Leonard, ditto 15 ditto
Genet John, October 2 ditto
Gentry Robert, his son, August 25 Kensington
Gentzler Baltzer, his wife, September 25 German -
G- John, October 4 City Hospital
George John, ditto 10 ditto
George John, September 28 ditto
Germain Peter, October 1 ditto
Getts Andrew, his child, August 11 German Lutheran
Geyer Christina, October German Reformed
Gibbons George, September 25 Friends
Gibbs Ann, October 19 City Hospital
Gibbs Margaret, ditto 14 ditto
Gibson William, September 6 Christ Church
Gilbert John, ditto 7 City Hospital
Gilbert John, October 29 Friends
Gilbert John, Penrose's wharf, September 7 City Hospital
Gilbertson Mary, August 31 ditto
Giles Ann, October 17 ditto
Gilfry John, September 10 Swedes.
Gillam George, October 4 City Hospital
Gillaspie Heury, September 3 ditto
Gillaspie Francis, ditto 1 ditto
Gillaspie James, ditto 22 St. Mary's
Gillet John Ludwick, August 25 German Lutheran
Gillin John, ditto 14 St. Peter's
Gilman Martin, September 14 German Lutheran
Ginner Michael, August 26 City Hospital
Girard Mary, September 23 ditto
Givin Margaret, ditto 5 ditto
Glouse Elizabeth, October 2 ditto
Glenn James, September 8 ditto
Goble Peter, ditto 27 Kensington

(G) LIST OF DEATHS.
Godfreid John, November 3 German Lutheran
Goldsmith William, October 11 City Hospital
Gontzar George, his wife, November 4 German Lutheran
Goodwin Elizabeth, September 10 City Hospital
Goom Henry, October 10 Kensington
Gordon Phœbe, September 28 City Hospital
Gordon Charles, his child, August 19 Kensington
Gordon James, September 4 Hospital
Gosser Philip, his wife, ditto 30 Kensington
Gosner Mr. ditto 12 German Lutheran
Gost John, October 21 ditto
Gould David, August 23 City Hospital
Goulden Eleanor, ditto 29 ditto
Goulding Jane, October 8 ditto
Grace John, September 6 German Lutheran
Grace Philip, ditto 14 ditto
Grace Lucy, November 4 City Hospital
Grace Jacob, his child, October 28 German Lutheran
Grafar Madam, September 10 St. Mary's
Grafort Alexander, a child, ditto German Reformed 
Graham John, his child, ditto 19 Swedes
Graham Daniel, October 5 Kensington
Grandson Abraham, August 14 City Hospital
Grant William, his child, September 29 German Lutheran
Grant William, his child, October 11 ditto
Grant Alexander, September 11 City Hospital
Grant James, October 16 ditto
Grant Francis, September 17 ditto
Grattan Andrew, ditto 13 Christ Church
Grauel Johannes, his child, August German Reformed
Grauel Johannes, his child, September ditto
Gravenstine widow, October 3 ditto Lutheran
Gray Joseph, his child, September 19 Friends
Gray Joseph, his wife, ditto 25 ditto
Gray Samuel, his two children, ditto 27 St. Paul's
Gray Nathaniel, his child, ditto 7 St. Thomas's
Gray Sarah, ditto 5 City Hospital
Gray-, Second, near South-street, ditto
Gray Thomas, August 16 ditto
Gray William, September 6 ditto
Greaves Robert, his wife, September 27 Swedes
Greaves Robert, his wife, October 11 ditto
Greaves Robert, his child, ditto 15 ditto
Green Mr. his wife, November 27 Kensington
Green John, August 1 Swedes
Green Philip B. September 25 German Lutheran
Green John, September 16 Kensington
Green Anna, ditto 13 German Lutheran
Green Anna, ditto 30 City Hospital 
Green Catherine, ditto 8 ditto
Green Mary, ditto 20 ditto
Greenleaf William, ditto 28 ditto
Greig Charles, ditto 11 ditto
Grelanit Eleonora, ditto 10 St. Mary's
Grenolds John, ditto 30 City Hospital

LIST OF DEATHS. (G H)
Greston Carl, September 6 City Hospital
Griffiths Eleanor, ditto 29 ditto
Griffiths Elizabeth, October 3 ditto
Griffiths Eliza N. ditto 3 ditto
Grimes James, September 10 ditto
Grimes Joseph, son of John, September 23 St. Peter's
Grimes Patrick, ditto 11 City Hospital
Grimes Peter, ditto 14 ditto St. Mary's
Griscom Rebecca, August 21 Friends German Lutheran
Griswold Elizabeth, October 2 St. Mary's
Gross Frederick, September 16 German Lutheran ditto
Grouss John, his child, October 21 ditto
Growth Elizabeth, ditto 17 City Hospital
Grubb Elizabeth, September 13 German Lutheran
Grubb Elizabeth, ditto 25 City Hospital
Grysinburger Mr. his wife, October 17 German Lutheran
Gryson William, his wife, September 22 City Hospital
Gnesford George, August 29 ditto
Guier Baltus, September 23 German Lutheran
Gnnterman Christina, October ditto Reformed
Gurling George, September 21 City Hospital
Guy Jane, November 6 3d Presbyterian
Guy Richard, his niece, September 30 ditto
Gwin David, ditto 15 St. Peter's
Gwin Margaret, ditto 4 City Hospital
Gwinup George, ditto 9 German Lutheran
Gwinne Michael, August 26 City Hospital
H
Hadfield Samuel, September 26 City Hospital
Haffner Andrew, ditto 27 Trinity
Hagerty George, August 12 City Hospital
Hahn Jacob, September 20 ditto 
Haines James, ditto 12 ditto
Hainey Margaret, ditto 15 ditto 
Halberstadt John, ditto 19 ditto
Hall Elizabeth, October 13 ditto
Hall George, his child, August 19 Kensington
Hall Samuel, his child, October 28 3d Presbyterian
Hall Esther, October 2 City Hospital
Hall William, October 7 ditto
Halley John, September 30 St. Mary's
Hamble Sarah, ditto 22 3d Presbyterian
Hamilton James, October 14 City Hospital
Hamilton Margaret, September 18 ditto
Hamilton Franks, August 14 Christ Church
Hamilton Robert, September 26 City Hospital
Hamlain Hannah, October 2 St. Mary's
Hampstead Martin, September 1 St. Paul's
Mainmet John, his child, August 13 Kensington
Hammond Henry, September 9 City Hospital
Hampton Mary, ditto 14 ditto
Hampton John, November 5 Swedes

(H) LIST OF DEATHS.
Hance Jacob, August 26 3d. Presbyterian
Hancock John, grocer, September 27 Baptists
Hancock Mary, October 16 City Hospital
Handle Adam, ditto 20 German Lutheran
Handy Mrs. September 26 City Hospital
Hannet Antonietta, August 3 Trinity
Hanlon Bridget, ditto 25 St. Mary's
Hannah John, September 15 City Hospital
Hannah Edward, his child, August 23 3d Presbyterian
Hannah John, September 24 ditto
Hannah John, his daughter, October 6 ditto
Hannah William, September German Reformed
Hans Mr. August 26 City Hospital
Hansey Mary, October 13 ditto
Hanson Henry, ditto 9 St. Mary's
Hanson Mary, ditto 31 City Hospital
Hantley Thomas, ditto 23 ditto
Harberger Philip, September 2 ditto
Harbeson Joseph, his son, August 5 2d Presbyterian
Harden Elizabeth, September 30 City Hospital
Harden George, ditto 22 ditto
Hardie Thomas, October 1 ditto
Hardie Christiana, ditto 13 3d Presbyterian
Hardie, captian, his daughter, ditto 23 Scots Presbyterian
Hardie Alexander, his daughter, August 20 Swedes
Harding Sarah, September 23 Friends
Harding Margaret, ditto 27 City Hospital
Hardwick John, August 17 ditto
Harewson Jacob, his son, October 22 Swedes
Harewson Jacob, his child, ditto 29 ditto
Harewson Jacob, ditto 30 ditto
Harewson Jacob, his wife, ditto 30 ditto
Harken Ludwick, September 15 City Hospital
Harken John, October 23 St. Mary's
Harken Edward ditto 24 ditto
Harken James, a child, September 9 ditto
Harkens Sarah, ditto 25 ditto
Harlen John, his wife, ditto 15 Swedes
Harling Michael, August 8 City Hospital
Harpeger Catherine, September 25 St. Mary's
Harper Benjamin, August 22 Friends
Harper Benjamin, his child, September 12 ditto
Harper Mrs. ditto 23 City Hospital
Harris Walter, October 1 ditto
Harrisburgh James, August 21 ditto
Harrison John, ditto 4 St. Paul's
Hart Toney, ditto 9 City Hospital
Hart Charles, October 1 ditto
Hart John, September 8 St. Mary's
Hart John P. his child, August 2 German Lutheran
Hart Margaret, September 12 ditto
Hart William, October 14 City Hospital
Hart Mary, ditto 19 ditto
Hartford John, September 4 Methodists
Hartline John, ditto 25 City Hospital

LIST OF DEATHS. (H)
Hartung Daniel, October German Reformed
Hartung Hannah, November ditto
Hartwick James, August 16 2d Presbyterian
Hartwick James, his son, September 20 ditto
Harvie Samuel, October 6 City Hospital
Haslett Frances, ditto 2 Methodists
Haslavanger Widow, September 30 German Lutheran
Hassner Jacob, his child, August 25 ditto
Haslings John, October 20 City Hospital
Hatchler Charles, September 24 ditto
Hatfield Mary, August 31 Friends
Hatfield Catherine, September 3 ditto
Haughey Paul, August 28 City Hospital	
Hauet Antonietta child, ditto 3 Trinity
Hautzel John, November German Lutheran
Hawkins Robert, August 30 City Hospital
Hawkins Anna, ditto 28 German Lutheran
Hawood Mr. his child, ditto 10 Methodists
Haws Henry, his child, September 7 German Lutheran
Hayes Anna, ditto 18 City Hospital
Hayes Jeremiah, October 8 ditto
Hayes John, September 23 ditto
Haynes Joseph, October 3 ditto
Head Charlotte, September 2 ditto
Headliten Barnet, ditto 22 ditto
Heaman Jane, ditto 21 St. Mary's
Heck Widow, November 4 German Lutheran
Hefferman John, son of John, October 25 St.Peter's
Heimberger Frederick, his child, Sept. 18 German Lutheran
Heirs Pritz, August 29 City Hospital
Heisemer Jacob, September 24 ditto
Heller Joseph, ditto German Reformed
Heller, Widow, ditto ditto
Heller Mr. his daughter, ditto ditto
Heller Frederick, ditto ditto
Heller Adam, ditto ditto
Heller Frederick, ditto 10 German Lutheran
Hellot Mr. his son, October 31 Universalists
Helm John, son of Christian, September 30 Moravians
Helm Johannes, October German Reformed
Heltz William, son of Peter, September ditto
Heltz Johannes, ditto ditto
Hendel Abraham, apothecary, ditto ditto
Hendel Rev. Dr. William, Pastor of the Ger-
man Reformed Church, ditto ditto
Henderson John, August 26 City Hospital
Henry Mary, September 4 St. Mary's
Henry John, August 25 City Hospital
Henry John, October 11 ditto
Henry John, his wife, August 22 German Lutheran
Henry John, his child, ditto 26 ditto
Henry James, his son, September 27 ditto
Henry Mr. his child, ditto 13 1st Presbyterian
Henry David, ditto 2 St. Mary's
Henry George, his child, October 1 Scots Presbyterian
D

( H ) LIST OF DEATHS.
Henry George, October 3 Scots Presbyterian
Henry George, his widow, ditto 9 ditto
Henry John, ditto 7 St. Mary's
Henry David, September 2 City Hospital
Henzel Maria, October German Reformed
Hepler Catherine, September 17 German Lutheran
Herbeg Michael, ditto 11 City Hospital
Herbert George, August 28 ditto
Herbert Richard, September 3 ditto
Hernberger Justina, August German Reformed
Heron Lankford, his child, ditto 18 German Lutheran
Heron James, his wife, October 24 ditto
Hertzog Catherine, October 11 Trinity
Hertzog Christina, ditto 11 ditto
Herschfelt Margaret, ditto 18 City Hospital
Hesler Andrew, September 21 St. Mary's
Heson Benjamin, October 24 German Lutheran
Hess Charles, his wife, August ditto
Hetrick Mathew, his wife, September 21 3d Presbyterian
Hetteman, Mr. his son, ditto German Reformed
Hetteman John, his son-in-law, ditto ditto
Hettlem John, his wife, ditto 3 German Lutheran
Heydel George, his wife, August 5 ditto
Heyser Barbara, ditto 15 City Hospital
Hickey Jane, ditto 29 ditto
Hickey Mary, October 2 St. Mary's
Hickleys John, November 3 City Hospital
Hickman Ann, October 27 Friends
Hickman Sarah, ditto 30 ditto
Hickman Catherine, September 22 ditto
Hickman John, October 6 ditto
Hicks John, September 16 ditto
Hider William, a child, October 8 City Hospital
Hierly John, ditto 18 ditto
Higgins Pres, his child, ditto 18 Methodists
Higgins Mary, ditto 5 St. Mary's
Hiley Elizabeth, September 15 City Hospital
Hill John, August 31 City Hospital
Hill Richard, a black, September 6 ditto
Hill John, his daughter, ditto 5 Swedes
Hill Alice, ditto 27 City Hospital
Hill Adam, ditto 30 ditto
Hill Henry, ditto 16 Friends
Hill John, his son, ditto 2 ditto
Hill Robert, ditto 7 Scots Presbyterian
Hill Margaret, widow of Robert, ditto 16 ditto
Hill George, his child, August 23 St. Mary's
Hill Sarah, September 22 City Hospital
Hilleston Robert, ditto 16 ditto
Hilligas Henry, ditto 26 Christ Church
Hilter Elizabeth, ditto 29 City Hospital
Hilton Ann, October 9 ditto
Hiltzheimer Jacob, September German Reformed
Himebach Mathias, ditto 17 German Lutheran
Hinckle John, his child, October 7 ditto

LIST OF DEATHS. (H) 
Hinckle John, his child, ditto 13 German Lutheran
Hinckle John, his child, September 30 ditto
Hinckle John, his wife, October 20 ditto
Hinckle Margaret, September 21 ditto
Hinckle John, his child, October 2 ditto
Hochstetler John, August 31 ditto
Hocroft Elizabeth, October 21 City Hospital
Hocroft Elizabeth, ditto 21 ditto
Hocroft Frederick, November 3 ditto
Hoff Christian, October 10 ditto
Hoffman James, his child, September 14 German Lutheran
Hoffman John, a child, October 3 City Hospital
Hoffman Margaret, ditto 13 German Lutheran
Hoffman Grace, September 9 City Hospital
Hoffman Adam, his son, ditto 20 St. Mary's
Hoffner Jacob, October 1 7 German Lutheran
Hoffner Andrew, September 8 City Hospital
Hoglegnotz Simon, ditto 30 German Lutheran
Hoglegnotz, widow, October 18 ditto
Holmes John, August 18 City Hospital
Holmes Joseph, September 10 ditto
Holmes Josiah, October 31 ditto
Holsey Samuel, September 8 ditto
Holstein Elizabeth, October 21 ditto
Holster John, September 21 ditto
Holtine Alexander, his wife, ditto 24 German Lutheran
Holtine Alexander, ditto 26 ditto
Holwell Thomas, ditto 30 City Hospital
Homassell Charles, his wife, August 18 St. Peter's
Homer John, September 15 City Hospital
Homassell Charles, his son, ditto 1 St. Peter's
Hookerman Betsey, ditto 2 Kensington
Hopcard Lewis, ditto 6 City Hospital
Hopkins Charles, August 4 Christ Church
Hopkins Philip, a child, ditto 1 St. Mary's
Hopkins William, September 7 City Hospital
Hopkins Margaret, October 4 ditto
Hone Mr. August 26 ditto
Horman Ebenezer, a child, October 19 ditto
Horn Johannes, ditto German Reformed
Horn William, ditto ditto
Horn Benjamin, captain, ditto 22 City Hospital
Hortman Deitmak, September 20 ditto
Houghman Hambleton, ditto 5 ditto
House Joseph, ditto 16 Kensington
Houser John, ditto 18 German Lutheran
Howard Jane, October 14 City Hospital
Howell Agnes ditto 1 ditto
Howell Joseph, August 10 Friends
Hozey Rhoda, September 16 City Hospital
Horrish Nicholas, ditto 25 ditto
Huber John, his child, ditto 3 German Lutheran
Huber Frederick, ditto 20 ditto
Hubert, South street wharf, September 14 City Hospital
Hughes Mary, daughter of John, ditto 13 Swedes 

(H I J) LIST OF DEAHS.
Hughes Hannah, October 9 City Hospital
Hughes Mary, September 25 ditto
Hughes captain, his child, October 2 3d Presbyterian
Hughes John, September 6 City Hospital
Huil Peter, ditto German Reformed
Humphreys Molly, ditto 16 City Hospital
Hulmer George, ditto 7 Kensington
Humphreys William, ditto 30 ditto
Humphreys Catherina, ditto 26 German Lutheran
Hunt Henry, ditto 29 City Hospital
Hunt Eleanor, ditto 25 Free Quakers
Hunter Mrs. ditto 3 City Hospital
Hunter Margaret, August 26 St. Mary's
Hun Jacob, September 28 City Hospital
Huron John, August 27 Trinity
Hursh Mary, ditto 24 City Hospital
Hunter Daniel, November 1 ditto
Hutz John, his child, September 13 German Lutheran
Hutz John, November 3 ditto
Hutz John, his child, August 22 ditto
Huxburgh Rebecca, October 11 City Hospital
Hyde John, ditto 1 German Lutheran
Hynes Elizabeth, September 27 City Hospital
Hynes Nicholas, October 13 ditto
I 
Innes James, colonel, August 3 Christ Church
Innes John, September 11 City Hospital
Irwing David, his wife, August 19 St. Paul's
Irwing David, his son, ditto 28 ditto
Irwing James, his wife, September 6 Swedes
Irwine Catherine, September 14 City Hospital
Ising Juliana, October 10 ditto
J
Jackey, a negro, September 27 City Hospital
Jackson Sarah, August 25 ditto
Jackson William, ditto 26 ditto
Jackson Elizabeth, September 27 ditto
Jackson, August 25 ditto
Jacobs Catherine, September 9 ditto
Jacobs Nicholas, his daughter, October 5 German Lutheran
Jacobson Matthias, ditto 31 ditto
James Mr. ditto 9 City Hospital
James Joseph, ditto 10 ditto
James John, ditto 12 ditto
James Rachel, ditto 28 Friends
James Rebecca, September 21 City Hospital
Jamieson Elizabeth, August 28 ditto
Jamieson John, September 30 ditto
Jamieson John, his child, ditto 24 1st Presbyterian
Jamieson Margaret, ditto 29 Christ Church
Jani.tee 177 Raoe street, ditto 7 City Hospital

LIST OF DEATHS. (J K)
January William, September 5 2d Presbyterian
Jatricken Johannes, October German Reformed
Jentzer Johannes, ditto ditto
Jeremiar Mary, September 24 City Hospital
Jetter Henry, ditto German Reformed
Jeffries Mary, October 23 City Hospital
Jobson Catherine, September 14 ditto
Joiner Lydia, ditto 10 ditto
Johns Thomas, ditto 11 St. Peters
Johns Richard, August 26 Friends
Johnson Alexander, October 4 City Hospital
Johnston John, September 25 ditto
Johnston Andrew, October 27 ditto
Johnston John, ditto 6 Methodists
Johnston Maria, November 19 City Hospital
Johnston George, August 3 Christ Church
Johnston Robert, September 19 ditto
Johnston Mrs. October 15 2d Presbyterian
Johnston Culph, September 14 City Hospital
Johnston-, ditto 11 ditto
Johnston Thomas, ditto 15 ditto
Johnston Samuel, ditto 18 ditto
Johnston Willian, October 11 Swedes
Johnston Ann, September 27 City Hospital
Johnston Henry, ditto 27 ditto
Jones Mrs. Hannah, September 26 Baptist
Jones Rebecca, ditto 23 Friends
Jones Ann, ditto 30 ditto
Jones Isaac, his child, ditto 27 German Lutheran
Jones Benjamin, his child, October 1 ditto
Jones Catherine, ditto 19 City Hospital
Jones Johannes, a child, August German Reformed
Jones Catherine, September ditto
Jones Sarah, November 1 Friends
Jones Margaret, September 7 City Hospital
Jones Margaret, ditto 9 ditto
Jones John, his wife, ditto 28 ditto
Jones Elizabeth, ditto 5 ditto
Jones Benjamin, ditto 27 ditto
Jones- August 21 ditto
Jordan Susannah, October 18
Jourdan Mary, August 21 City Hospital
Jordan W. C. September 27 Swedes
Josiah William, ditto 12 City Hospital
Justice George, October 5 German Lutheran
Justis Thomas, captain, August 2 Friends
Justis William, September 9 ditto
Justis John, October 4 German Lutheran
Justis Ann, ditto 21 City Hospital
Juling Henrietta, ditto 1 German Lutheran
Justis Rachel, ditto 14 Friends
K
Kæffer Mary, September 21 Trinity
Kahl Christopher, his child, September 23 German Lutheran

(K) LIST OF DEATHS.
Kairnes Patrick, August 28 City Hospital
Kammar Sermen, September 18 ditto
Kammerer Mrs. ditto German Reformed
Kammerer Henry, jun. ditto 6 German Lutheran
Kammerer Henry, his wife, ditto 3 ditto
Kane Eleanor, a child, ditto 25 St. Mary's
Kane James, ditto 30 ditto
Katts Michael, ditto 25 German Lutheran
Kaucher Mathew, ditto German Reformed
Kea Jane, ditto 13 City Hospital
Kean Ann, ditto 13 ditto
Kean Ann, ditto 30 ditto
Kean Mary, her child, ditto 18 German Lutheran
Kean Jane, ditto 19 City Hospital
Kean Eilzabeth, ditto 25 ditto
Kean Mrs. her daughter, ditto 20 ditto
Keemer John, ditto 14 Swedes
Keen Johannes, his wife, ditto German Reformed
Keese William, ditto 16 City Hospital
Keith Thomas, ditto 9 3d Presbyterian
Keith Thomas, ditto 27 City Hospital
Keith Phebe, October 3 ditto
Keith William, ditto 20 ditto
Keller Johannes, ditto German Reformed
Keller Adam, his son, September 13 German Lutheran
Keller Ludwick, ditto 22 ditto
Kellin John, August 26 City Hospital
Kelly George, September 24 German Lutheran
Kellin George, ditto 23 City Hospital
Kelly Josiah, ditto 24 ditto
Kelso Thomas, ditto 29 ditto
Kelso Joseph, ditto 20 ditto
Kemp William, ditto German Reformed
Kemp Alexander, October 1 City Hospital
Kench Christian, September 16 German Lutheran
Kennedy Joseph, his daughter, August 30 ditto
Kennedy Hugh, September 13 City Hospital
Kennedy David, November 9
Kennedy, a black, ditto 11 ditto
Kennell Mr. September 2 German Lutheran
Kenny Mary, ditto 10 St. Mary's
Kenny Hugh, ditto 5 City Hospital
Keppele James, ditto 29 ditto
Kepple George, ditto 24 German Lutheran
Kercher Samuel, ditto German Reformed
Kerner William, ditto 20 German Lutheran
Kerr Nathaniel, August 29 City Hospital
Kerr Isabella, ditto 18 ditto
Kerr James, September 12 ditto
Kerr Elizabeth, ditto 30 ditto
Kerr Elizabeth, her child, October 1 ditto
Kerr Joseph, his child, ditto 10 1st Presbyterian
Kesler Catherine, September 11 St. Mary's
Kessy John, ditto 6 City Hospital
Kesserin Juliana, October 12 ditto

LIST OF DEATHS. (K)
Keys John, August 13 City Hospital
Keys John, October 29 ditto
Keys George, ditto 31 ditto
Keyser Michael, September 19 German Lutheran
Keyser Mr. ditto 28 City Hospital
Keyser-, ditto 28 City Hospital
Kidd William, ditto 5 Free Quakers
Kidd Mr. ditto 2 German Lutheran
Kiefe Mary Ann, ditto 8 City Hospital
Kiesman Mrs. October German Reformed
Killingworth Luke, his child, September 15 Methodist
Kaller Catherina, ditto 11 St. Mary's
Killingworth Lake, his son, August 14 Methodist
Kimber Phebe, October 18 St. Mary's Friends
King John, September 4 City Hospital
King Joseph, ditto 11 ditto
King William, Scots Presbyterian
King Joseph, ditto 12 City Hospital
King Mary, October 30 ditto
King Ann, September 5 ditto
Kinley Nancy, ditto 17 ditto
Kintzinger Michael, ditto 11 ditto
Kirkpatrick Mary, ditto 4 ditto
Kisselman Frederick, August 29 St. Peter's
Kittler John, his wife, October 20 German Lutheran
Klein Mr. his child, August 14 ditto
Klein Catherina, October 4 ditto
Klein Peter, ditto 19 City Hospital
Kline Mary, September 5 Trinity
Kline Philip, ditto 19 German Lutheran
Klue Philip, ditto 27 ditto
Kneill Ann, ditto 26 Trinity
Knight Mary, wife of David, ditto 3 Christ Church
Knight Isaac, October 14 Friends
Knight Elizabeth, August 27 City Hospital
Knight Elizabeth, September 19 German Lutheran
Knight Philip, October 10 ditto
Knight Philip, his wife, September 30 ditto
Knile Peggy, ditto 30 Trinity
Knile Fanny, October 7 ditto
Knodle John, his child, August 30 German Reformed
Kochler Mary, September 30 City Hospital
Koller Michael, his wife, ditto 3 German Lutheran
Koogan Joseph, ditto 29 City Hospital
Kraft Jacob, his son, ditto 29 German Lutheran
Kreider Frederick, September German Reformed
Kremer John, ditto 14 Trinity
Kremer Barbara, ditto 8 ditto
Kreutzbergher John, his child, ditto 25 German Lutheran
Krewier Frederick, a child, August German Reformed
Krey Patrick, October 8 German Lutheran
Krimbich Christiana, ditto German Reformed
Krites John, ditto 23 German Lutheran
Kruse Nicholas, ditto 7 ditto
Kuln Philip, his child, ditto 4 ditto

(K L) LIST OF DEATHS.
Kunkle George, his wife, October 1 Friends
Kunkle John, his child, September 9 German Lutheran
Kunkle John, September 10 ditto
Kunkle John, his son, ditto 15 ditto
Kyffer Peter, his child, August 26 ditto
L
Lace Elizabeth, daughter of William, Sept. 23 St. Peter's
Laford Benjamin, ditto 11 2d Presbyterian
Langrange, Reverend Joseph, a French catholic
clergyman, ditto 1 St. Mary's
Laird Enos, August 17 German Lutheran
Lake Richard, jun. ditto 5 3d Presbyterian
Lake Richard, his daughter, ditto 17 ditto
Larlor James, child, ditto 31 St. Mary's
Lamb Mary, September 27 City Hospital
Lambert John, August 29 ditto
Lambert Mrs. September 22 ditto
Lambert Mrs. her mother, ditto 20 ditto
Lambertus Christian, his wife, ditto 8 German Reformed
Laudenschleager Wm. his sister-in-law, do. 4 ditto Reformed
Lane Margaret, August 18 City Hospital
Lang John, September 94 ditto
Lang Charles, his wife, September 30 ditto
Langall Ann, ditto 25 Friends
Lapp Andrew, October 3 City Hospital
Langall Margaret, September 26 Friends
Larger Henry, ditto 24 City Hospital
Lasables Edward, ditto 4 German Lutheran
Lasser John, August 30 City Hospital
Lathman Catherine, September 30 ditto
Lauck Joseph, August 30 German Lutheran
Laughlin Catherine, September 25 City Hospital
Laughlin Mary, ditto 25 ditto
Laville Peter, his child, ditto 17 German Lutheran
Lawler Elizabeth, a child, August 17 St. Mary's
Lawrence John, ditto 8 Friends
Lawrance John, ditto 27 German Lutheran
Lawrance William. September 11 City Hospital
Lawrance James, ditto 12 ditto
Leag James, October 25 ditto
Lear Adam, ditto 9 ditto
Leary William, ditto 29 ditto
Leary James, September 20 ditto
Leary Timothy, October 19 ditto
Leaton John, September 20 ditto
Lechler Maria, child, August 3 Trinity
Lechler George, ditto 23 ditto
Lechler Joseph, September 12 ditto
Lechler, widow Barbara, October 3 ditto
Lechler Hannah, September 26 City Hospital
Lechler John, ditto 18 Trinity
Ledlie Margaret, October 16 City Hospital
Lee Ann, September 21 ditto 

LIST OF DEATHS. (L)
Lees Samuel, August 31 Free Quakers
Leeson Elizabeth, September 22 City Hospital
Leeson Samuel, ditto 24 ditto
Legay Henrietta, ditto 17 ditto
Legee Jacob, ditto 16 ditto
Lehr Christian, October 23 German Lutheran
Lieb George, ditto 10 ditto
Lieb George, his widow, November 6 ditto
Leisly Philip, his son, September 24 ditto
Leisner Samuel, ditto 30' City Hospital
Lentz Mary, ditto 15 Trinity
Lentz Henry, his child, August 3 German Lutheran
Lentz George, his child, September 1 ditto
Lentz Martin, ditto 7 ditto
Leonard Catherine, ditto 3 City Hospital
Leonard Michael, ditto German Reformed
Leonard Elizabeth ditto 13 City Hospital
Lesslie, Mrs. ditto 25 ditto
Lester John, August 31 St. Mary's
Letfield Letitia, September 30 City Hospital
Letherman Andrew, ditto 23 St. Mary's
Letherman Catherine, October 1 ditto
Letts, widow, August 10 Baptist
Leviere Thomas, September 5 City Hospital
Levy Philip, October 11 ditto
Lewis Jonathan, ditto 5 Friends
Lewis Curtis, September 3 Swedes
Lewis Sarah, August 25 ditto
Lewis James, September 12 German Lutheran
Lewis Ann, daughter of Joseph, ditto 16 City Hospital
Lewis Ann, October 1 ditto
Licky Jacob, a Child, September German Reformed
Light Sarah, ditto 27 City Hospital
Lightbody John, October 14 City Hospital
Lightbody John, ditto 21 ditto
Lightcop Michael, September 2 Kensington
Lilly Margaret, ditto 23 City Hospital
Likes Henry, ditto 29 ditto
Lindsay, Mrs. ditto 26 Associate
Lindsay Richard, October 25 City Hospital
Linganfelter Jacob, September 10 ditto
Link George, his daughter, October 3 German Lutheran
Link John, ditto 11 ditto
Lisengan Conrad, September 18 City Hospital
Liter Jacob, ditto 21 German Lutheran
Little Susannah, October 1 City Hospital
Little Elizabeth, daughter of John, September 8 Swedes
Lockhart Mary, October 29 City Hospital
Logan John, September 29 ditto
Logan Mary, ditto 22 ditto
Logan William, his wife, ditto 26 ditto
Logan William, his daughter, ditto 28 ditto
Logan James, ditto 13 ditto
Loesh George, October 10 ditto
Logee Anthony, his twin child, August 9 St. Paul's
E

( L M ) LIST OF DEATHS.
Lohra, widow, October German Reformed
Long Sarah, September 38 City Hospital
Long Captain, ditto 8 ditto
Longacre Isaac, son of Isaac, August 2 2d Presbyterian
Lorigan William, September 15 City Hospital
Lotier Joseph, ditto 26 ditto
Louden John, ditto 2 City Hospital
Lourman Maria, ditto 2 ditto
Louper John, his child, August 12 Kensington
Love William, October 14 City Hospital
Lovell, Mr. September 2 ditto
Loyd Isaac, merchant, August 11 Friends
Lover Jacob, ditto 26 Trinity
Lovier Evan, October 19 City Hospital
Lucas Mary, September 22 ditto
Lucas Seth, ditto 16 German Lutheran
Lucas William, October 24 City Hospital
Ludwick, from north-alley ditto 21 ditto
Ludwick William, September 14 German Lutheran
Luffborrow John, ditto 1 Kensington
Luffborrow Nathan, his child August 2 2d Presbyterian
Lukins Sarah, October 21 City Hospital
Lutz Adam, September 5 ditto
Lutz Elizabeth, October 22 ditto
Lutz Polly a child, ditto 7 ditto
Lutz Abraham, his child, September 27 ditto
Lutz John, ditto 25 ditto
Lutz Leonard, October 22 German Lutheran
Lutz Susannah, September 24 City Hospital
Lutz John, his child, October 10 German Lutheran
Lutz, widow, ditto 11 ditto
Lushet John, September 24 ditto
Lybrant George, his child, October 23 ditto
Lycett William, August 24 City Hospital
Lycett William, his wife, September 9 ditto
Lyndan James ditto 7 St. Mary's
Lynne Richard, a child, August 27 City Hospital
Lyle, Mr. his child, ditto German Reformed
Lynch Eleanor, September 15 St. Mary's
Lynch Edward, his child, ditto 22 ditto
Lynch Hannah, ditto 30 City Hospital
Lynch John, October 3 ditto
Lynch Elsy, September 25 3d Presbyterian
Lynch Elsy, her son, ditto 29 ditto
M.
Maa Nicholas, September German Reformed
M'Adam Barney, ditto 3 City Hospital
M'Afee James, October 4 ditto
M'Allister John, August 31 ditto
M'Allister William, September 24 Assosicate
M'Bride William, October 25 City Hospital
M'Cabe James, August 29 ditto

LIST OF DEATHS. (M)
M'Call Catherine, November 12 St. Thomas's
M'Carer Garret, his child, September 20 Baptist
M'Carer Garret, October 7 ditto
M'Carer Garret, his child, ditto 18 ditto
M'Carer Garret, his widow, ditto 20 ditto
M'Carty Daniel, September 22 City Hospital
M'Cathey Dennis, August 13 ditto
M'Cauley Mary, a child, ditto 7 St. Mary's 
M'Cauley Winifred, Septembers ditto
M'Celery Martha, her child, ditto 26 City Hospital
M'Clay Mary, August 25 ditto
M'Clay Christina, September 25 ditto
M'Clellen John, October 21 City Hospital
M'Clellen John, his child, November 1 ditto
M'Clellen John, October 6 St. Peter's
M'Connell Mary, September 2 St. Mary's
M'Connell Mrs. her daughter, ditto 12 ditto
M'Cormick Jane, ditto 29 St. Mary's
M'Cormick Frederick, his child, August 29 ditto
M'Cormick Mary, September 3 ditto 
M'Cormick Isabella, ditto 24 City Hospital
M'Conike Bridget, ditto 9 ditto
M'Coy Margaret, a child, August 28 St. Mary's
M'Connell Mrs. October 2 2d Presbyterian
M'Coy Joseph, September 19 City Hospital
M'Cormick Elizabeth, August 28 ditto
M'Coy Daniel, September 19 ditto
M'Conly Peggy, October 2 ditto
M'Coy Catherine, September 23 ditto
M'Coy John, November 6 ditto
M'Coy Daniel, his child, ditto 1 ditto
M'Coy Mary, August 28 ditto
M'Crea Elizabeth, September 6 ditto
M'Crea-, South,between Fifth & Sixth, do.13 ditto
M'Crea James, his wife, ditto 17 ditto
M'Crea Matthew, ditto 23 ditto 
M'Crea Robert, his child, August 21 2d Presbyterian
M'Crea Mrs. September 27 ditto
M'Crea widow, October 26 City Hospital
M'Crossey Hugh, August 29 ditto
M'Cue Daniel, September 23 ditto
M'Calloch John, a child, August 31 ditto
M'Cullom Margaret, September 24 ditto
M'Cullom John, his child, November 10 Friends
M'Cullom Archibald, September 14 City Hospital
M'Curdy Sarah, October 17 ditto
M'Dade William, a child, ditto 1 St. Mary's
M'Daniel Catherine, September 21 City Hospital
M'Dermot Catherine, August 19 St. Mary's
M'Dermot Michael, October 18 City Hospital
M'Devitt Neil, September 10 ditto
M'Devitt Robert, October 30 ditto
M'Donald Alexander. September 25 ditto
M'Donald Margaret, October 29 ditto 
M'Donald Alexander, September 10 ditto

(M) LIST OF DEATHS.
M'Donald Mary, September 11 City Hospital
M'Donald John, ditto 23 ditto
M'Donald William, ditto 27 ditto
M'Dowell Benjamin, ditto 14 ditto
M'Dowell Maria, ditto 15 ditto
M'Ounn James, ditto 26 ditto
M'Elroy Jane, ditto 16 ditto
M'Elroy Mrs. October 20 ditto
M'Elroy John, his child, September 27 Kensington
M'Elwee James, ditto 20 City Hospital
M'Elwee Daniel, ditto 15 ditto
M'Elwaine Alexander, ditto 10 ditto
M'Ewen John, November 10 ditto
M'Fall Margaret, September 23 ditto
M'Farlane James, ditto 17 Methodists
M'Farlane Mary, daughter of Andrew, August 14 1st Presbyterian
M'Farlane Elizabeth, September 6 City Hospital
M'Farlane James, ditto 8 ditto
M'Farlane Michael, ditto 18 ditto
M'Farlane Sarah, ditto 24 ditto
M'Farlane Andrew, August 23 1st Presbyterian
M'Farrell Robert, September 27 City Hospital
M'Faun Isabella, ditto 2 ditto
M'Fee Thomas, ditto 21 ditto
M'Feely Ann, October 14 St. Mary's
M'Ferran Mrs. September 7 Kensington
M'Garegal John, October 14 St. Mary's
M'Garvey Rebecca, daughter of John, Sept. 19 Christ Church
M'Gee Robert, October 6 St. Mary's
M'Gi1l Martha, September 1 City Hospital
M'Gill John, October 2 ditto
M'Gavern John, September 24 ditto
M'Gilson Catherine, October 12 ditto
M'Gliton Samuel, September 21 ditto
M'Ginnis Sarah, ditto 15 Kensington
M'Glasky James, his son, ditto 24 St. Peter's
M'Glasky Isaac, October 26 City Hospital
M'Goven Thomas, September 1 ditto
M'Gowan James, ditto 14 ditto
M'Grane Patrick, ditto 30 St. Mary's
M'Grigor John, August 9 ditto
M'Grigor John, October 19 City Hospital
M'Grigor John, ditto 25 ditto
M'Grath James, a child, August 17 St Mary's
M'Hughan Allan, September 12 City Hospital 
M'Intosh Mary, October 25 ditto
M'Intosh Isaac, September 8 ditto
M'Intosh Alexander, October 1 ditto
M'Intosh Mrs. ditto
M'Intyre Andrew, August 24 Swedes
M'Kean John, September 21 City Hospital
M'Kean James, August 27 ditto
M'Kean William, November 9 ditto
Mackie William, September 7 ditto
Mackie Margaret, ditto 10 St. Mary's

LIST OF DEATHS. (M)
M'Kee John, October 30 3d Presbyterian
M'Kehan John, his widow, Free Quakers
M'Kenzie Elizabeth, September 21 Swedes
M'Kenzie William, August 23 City Hospital
M'Kenzie Isabella, September 21 ditto
M'Kenzie Charles, his child, ditto 14 1st Presbyterian
M'Kinlay James, October 13 City Hospital
M'Lair Susan, ditto 13 ditto
M'Laughlin Francis, September 3 St. Mary's
M'Laughlin Mary, August 7 ditto
M'Laughlin Michael, October 21 City Hospital
M'Laughlin Mary Ann, August 17 ditto
M'Laughlin Hugh, ditto 20 ditto
M'Laughlin Mary, September 12 ditto
M'Laughlin Elizabeth, ditto 13 ditto
M'Laughlin John, ditto 17 ditto
M'Laughlin William, ditto 17 ditto
M'Laughlin Alexander, his wife, ditto 27 St. Paul's
M'Laughlin Elizabeth, August 15 City Hospital
M'Laughlin James, September 5 ditto
M'Laughlin Daniel, ditto 29 ditto
M'Lean Daniel, August 23 ditto
M'Lean Isabella, ditto 31 ditto
M'Lean William, September 21 ditto
M'Lean David, ditto 11 Associate
M'Luen Mary, ditto 16 City Hospital
M'Mahon Michael, October 10 St. Mary's
M'Mahon Edward, September 24 City Hospital
M'Mahon Mrs. August 20 ditto
M'Mahon-, ditto 23 ditto
M'Manus John, ditto 29 St. Mary's
M'Manus Barney, September 29 City Hospital
M'Manus John, August 29 ditto
M'Manus Barney, ditto 25 ditto
M'Mullin Sarah, September 10 Kensington
M'Mullin Margaret, October 21 3d Presbyterian
M'Mullin John, ditto 13 City Hospital
M'Mullin John, his child, August 11 3d Presbyterian
M'Neill Neil, September 30 City Hospital
M'Nitt Robert, October 22 ditto
M'Pherson Alexander, September 16 ditto
M'Pherson Elizabeth, ditto 15 ditto
M'Pherson captain, his child, October 11 St. Paul's
M'Shane Barnabas, August 25 St. Mary's
M'Shane Mrs. September 16 3d Presbyterian
M'Tear Leonard, August 16 City Hospital
M'Williams Helen, September ditto
Macx Catherina, ditto German Reformed
Madan Hugh, August 9 City Hospital
Madan Hugh, ditto 9 St. Mary's
Maees Elizabeth, September 23 City Hospital
Magers Philip, his daughter, ditto 93 ditto
Maggs Catherine, ditto 29 ditto
Maggs Catherine, October 29 ditto
Maggs John, November 2 ditto

(M) LIST OF DEATHS.
Magonogill John, September 4 City Hospital
Mahaffey James, August 28 Kensington
Mahaffey Robert, October 10 
Mahaffey James, ditto 13 ditto 
Mahan John, ditto 25 St. Mary's
Maiger Philip, his child, October 18 City Hospital
Maiger Philip, ditto 18 ditto
Mail Patty, her child, ditto 8 Kensington
Maine James, his child, ditto 6 ditto
Mallick John, September 19 City Hospital
Maley captain, his wife, ditto 19 2d Presbyterian
Malsy James, August 25 City Hospital
Malony Thomas, ditto 25 St. Mary's
Manakipper Dorothy, September 30 City Hospital
Mann Conrad, ditto 29 ditto
Mansfield Joseph, October 7 ditto
Maniny Elizabeth, September 21 St. Mary's
Manuell Henry, ditto 13 City Hospital
Mangolt Frederick, and son, October German Reformed
Marchback John, September 4 City Hospital
Marewine Isaac, grocer, October 17 Moravians
Maries Jane, September 19 Christ Church
Marklaith John, ditto 5 City Hospital
Marks James, his wife, ditto 30 Kensington
Marland George, his child ditto 29 St. Mary's
Marley Richard, his child, August 6 Christ Church
Marks Jacob, September 19 Trinity
Marr John, his child, ditto 30 2d Presbyterian
Marr John, do. do. October 14 ditto
Marsell Joseph, September 10 City Hospital
Marsh Jasper, ditto 21 Friends
Marsh John, ditto 22 City Hospital 
Marsh Charlotte, October 10 ditto
Marshall Francis, his child, August 28 St. Mary's
Marshall Elizabeth, September 22 Christ Church
Marshall Margaret, ditto 15 City Hospital
Marshall Susan, her daughter, October 4 Free Quakers
Martin Charles, September 27 City Hospital
Martin Andrew, his wife, October ditto
Martin Peter, ditto 17 ditto
Martin Robert, September 10 ditto
Martin Edward, ditto 27 St. Mary's
Martin Patrick, ditto 21 City Hospital
Martin Rose, October 13 ditto
Martin John, ditto 17 Friends
Martin John, September 2 City Hospital
Mary, from Love Lane, ditto 22 ditto
Martin William, ditto 13 1st Presbyterian
Mash Hannah, ditto 19 City Hospital
Mason capt. William, his son, August 23 St. Peter's
Ditto do. his wife, September 4 ditto
Mason widow, mother of Philip, October 3 ditto
Mason Jacob, his child, ditto 10 City Hospital
Massey captain, his child, September 26 3d Presbyterian
Match John, ditto 18 City Hospital
Matthews Ann, ditto 26 ditto

LIST OF DEATHS. (M)
Matthews James, October 17 3d Presbyterian
Mauchest Paul, ditto 28 St. Mary's
Maxfield Stephen, his wife, August 26 Friends
Maxwell Abigail, daughter of John, October 1 Scots Presbyterian
Maxwell Mary, do. do. ditto 6 ditto
Maxwell Hugh, son of do. ditto 12 ditto
May Adam, his child, November 4 German Lutheran
Meads Elizabeth, August 20 City Hospital 
Mealy Thomas, October 1 ditto
Meary Thomas, September 19 ditto
Meeker Mrs. August 31 ditto
Meeker Elias, ditto 31 ditto
Megunigal John, September 4 St. Mary's
Meginty James, ditto 30 ditto
Meeker Mrs. August 31 City Hospital
Mehon Eliza, September 7 Friends
Mehon Margaret, ditto 23 ditto
Meonson John, ditto 18 St. Mary's
Meredith Wheeler, August 24 St. Peter's
Mendenhall Adam, his wife, October 20 Friends
Merfrool Mr. September 7 Kensington
Merritt widow, her child, ditto 25 City Hospital
Mershon Stephen, his son, ditto 30 ditto
Messinger Simon, ditto 5 ditto
Meyer widow, ditto 26 ditto
Metzger Johannes, August German Reformed
Metzger Johannes, September ditto
Meyer Adam, his daughter, ditto 23 German Lutheran
Metzger Johannes, ditto German Reformed
Meyer Henry, his son, ditto 29 German Lutheran
Ditto ditto ditto ditto 28 ditto
Ditto ditto his daughter, October 3 ditto
Ditto ditto his wife, ditto 7 ditto
Meyer George, ditto 11 ditto
Meyer Jacob, ditto 8 ditto
Ditto ditto September German Reformed
Meyer George, ditto 10 City Hospital
Meyer John, ditto 13 ditto
Meyer Sarah, ditto 14 ditto
Meywerth John, ditto German Reformed
Michael Adam, August 29 City Hospital
Miller Robert, October 19 1st Presbyterian
Miercken Peter, his daughter, ditto 13 St. Peter's
Miller Ann, ditto German Reformed
Milgo Charlotte, ditto 3 City Hospital
Miller Christina, ditto German Reformed
Millard Thomas, shot at the prison, September 18 City Hospital
Miller John, ditto 3 ditto
Miller Samuel, August 14 ditto
Miller Charles, his wife, September 18 German Lutheran
Miller John, August 14 City Hospital
Ditto ditto September 19 German Lutheran
Miller Mary, August 26 City Hospital
Miller Michael, September 23 German Lutheran

(M) LIST OF DEATHS.
Miller Ann, September 5 Trinity
Ditto Michael, his wife, ditto 24 German Lutheran
Ditto David, his mother, ditto German Reformed
Ditto Michael, his daughter, October 5 German Lutheran
Ditto John, September German Reformed
Ditto George, ditto 28 Kensington
Ditto Johannes, ditto German Reformed
Ditto Henry, his wife, October 6 German Lutheran
Ditto George, September 22 City Hospital
Ditto Margaret, ditto 17 ditto
Ditto Mrs. October 12 Coates's
Ditto do. from Kensington, September 19 City Hospital
Ditto Jacob, ditto 30 ditto
Ditto ditto, labourer, October 9 Kensington
Ditto Matthew, ditto 5 City Hospital
Ditto Jacob, his wife, ditto Kensington
Ditto ditto August 16 ditto
Ditto Daniel, October 14 ditto
Millis John, his daughter, ditto 15 Christ Church
Do. do. September 24 ditto
Do. do. son of John, ditto 28 ditto
Do. do. October 24 City Hospital
Mills Francis, September 5 Kensington
Do. ditto ditto 5 City Hospital
Minx widow, her child, October 1 German Lutheran
Mills William, his wife, September 30 ditto
Minders Socrates, November 6 City Hospital
Minnis Joseph, October 29 ditto
Minx Catherina, her child, September 24 German Lutheran
Mistacher Mr. his daughter, ditto 23 ditto
Misty John, August 31 City Hospital
Miseman Catherine, September German Reformed
Mitchell widow, ditto 11 City Hospital
Mimy Rosalia, ditto 25 St. Mary's
Mitchell Samuel, ditto 26 City Hospital
Mitchell George, his daughter, ditto 15 Swedes
Mitchell captain, August 6 3d Presbyterian
Mitchell Catherine, September 29 City Hospital
Mitchell Andrew, ditto 26 ditto
Mitty Paul, ditto 26 ditto
Mills Elizabeth, ditto 27 ditto
Moaxham James, son of William, ditto 23 Free Quakers
Moilet Elizabeth, ditto 7 City Hospital
Molit John Baptist, August 3 Trinity
Mollin Margaret, October 3 City Hospital
Monday Maria, a child, September 25 St. Mary's
Molly Catherine, ditto 23 City Hospital
Monday Francis, ditto 12 St. Mary's
Molly, a black, ditto 7 City Hospital
Monaghan Catherine, August 26 St. Mary's
Molly-, September 9 city Hospital
Monday Charles, August 28 ditto
Montgomery George, ditto 23 ditto
Montgomery Andrew, his wife, September 14 Swedes

LIST OF DEATHS. (M)
Moodie captain, his child, August 30 Swedes
Moon Samuel, October 6 City Hospital
Moodie captain, his son, September 6 Swedes
Money Michael, October German Reformed
Moore John, August 27 City Hospital
Money widow, November German Reformed
Moore Robert, August 26 City Hospital
Moore William, October 14 ditto
Moore John, ditto Kensington
Moore William, ship carpenter, August 27 ditto
Moore Mary, September 15 ditto
Moore Thomas, September 26 City Hospital
Moore Elizabeth, a child, October 10 ditto
Moore Martha, October 11 ditto
Moore Rachel, August 29 ditto
Moore William, his wife, September 14 German Lutheran
Moore Samuel, ditto City Hospital
Moorpole John, his child, ditto 17 Kensington
Morgan Benjamin, his son, August 4 Christ Church
Morgan widow, September 4 Friends
Morgan John, October 11 City Hospital
Morgan Enoch, September 30 ditto
Morgan John, ditto 28 ditto
Morland John, joiner, August 4 Baptists
Morris Robert, son of John, September 23 Free Quakers
Morris Anthony, ditto Friends
Morris William, son of Robert, October 9 Christ Church
Morris Sarah, October 6 City Hospital 
Morris Thomas, ditto 2 ditto
Morris John, carver, September ditto
Morris Hugh, September 15 ditto
Morris James, his daughter, ditto 24 ditto
Morris Robert, ditto 1 ditto
Morris Catherine, ditto Bethel
Morris Ketty, ditto ditto
Morse Rachel, August 29 City Hospital
Morton George, September 27 Swedes
Morton Sarah, ditto 22 City Hospital
Mosely George, ditto 29 St. Paul's
Mosely George, his child, October 16 ditto
Moser Christian, ditto 4 City Hospital
Moser widow, her child, November German Reformed
Moser Christian, September 19 German Lutheran
Moser George, country.
Moser Jacob, September 22 German Lutheran
Moulin Anna, August 31 Trinity
Moss Judith, September 16 City Hospital
Moullia Cherry, ditto 21 St. Mary's
Mouport William, ditto 19 City Hospital
Moylan John, ditto 7 St. Mary's
Much Jeremiah, his step daughter, ditto 9 St. Peter's
Muckling William, November 2 City Hospital
Mullin Peter, September 6 ditto
Mullin Elizabeth, October 4 Kensington
F

( M N ) LIST OF DEATHS.
Mullin William, September 9 City Hospital
Mullin Patrick, ditto 26 ditto
Mullin James, ditto 1 ditto
Mullin Henry, August 10 St. Mary's
Mulligan James, September 13 ditto
Mulligan Owen, ditto 8 ditto
Mulry Elizabeth, ditto 13 City Hospital
Munges Almantine, a child, ditto 19 St. Mary's
Murgatroyd Thomas, his daughter, ditto 16 Christ Church
Mure Bridget, ditto 19 City Hospital
Murphy Nicholas, ditto 19 ditto
Murphy Nicholas, ditto 19 St. Mary's
Murphy Mr. his wife, ditto 2 Scots Presbyterian
Murphy Owen, his child, ditto 2 St. Paul's
Murphy William, labourer, ditto 5 Kensington
Murphy Terence, August 28 St. Mary's
Murphy Terence, ditto City Hospital
Murphy Michael, ditto 25 St. Paul's
Murphy Henry, October 1 City Hospital
Murphy Edward, September 19 ditto
Murphy John, August 29 St. Mary's
Murphy Patty, September 21 City Hospital
Murray Daniel, September 19 Methodists
Murray Daniel, his child, October 12 ditto
Murray James, August 19 City Hospital
Murray Daniel, his child, October 15 Methodists
Murray William, his daughter, September 22 City Hospital
Murray Fraucis, ditto 22 St. Mary's
Murrell John, September 17 City Hospital
Murrell Joseph, August 31 ditto
Murren Eleanor, September 17 ditto
Myers John, ditto 16 ditto
Mylander William, ditto 14 German Lutheran
Musgrove Charles, August 30 Swedes
Mylinger William, September 20 City Hospital
Myrtetns Christopher, his daughter, ditto 13 Moravian
Myers Catharine, October 17 St. Mary's
Mynnich Conrad, August German Reformed
Mynnich widow, her daughter, September ditto
Mynnich Christina, November ditto
N.
Naglee Mary, September 15 City Hospital
Naglee John, his child, ditto 10 Kensington
Naglee Mr. his child, ditto 28 ditto
Ditto do. ditto October 13 ditto
Nail Conrad, his wife, September 16 Methodists
Do. ditto, his child, ditto 20 ditto
Napier David, ditto 16 City Hospital
Nash Elizabeth, ditto 7 ditto
Nash John, August 31 ditto
Needler Barbara, September 12 Trinity
Negel Elizabeth, October 12 German Lutheran

LIST OF DEATHS. (N O)
Neise Eleanor, October 19 City Hospital
Nelson William, August 13 ditto
Nelson David, joiner, October 13 3d Presbyterian
Nemand George, September 4 City Hospital
Nenthinger Christina, October German Reformed
Netherwood Catherine, September 16 City Hospital
Netherwood John, ditto 13 ditto
Neutral Maria, ditto 20 Trinity
Newcamp-, a woman, ditto 29 City Hospital
Newdie Patrick, ditto 13 ditto
Newman Frederick, October 14 German Lutheran
Newman Sarah, daughter of Benjamin, August 25 Coates's
Newman Elizabeth, September 1 2d Presbyterian
Newman widow, ditto 4 ditto
Newman John, October 16 Methodists
Newton Elizabeth, ditto 19 City Hospital
Newton Mrs. ditto 15 ditto
Nichols Hoover, August 22 Swedes
Nichols Mary, ditto 21 City Hospital
Nichols John, son of colonel N. October 6 Christ Church
Nigkoop John, September 3 City Hospital
Nixon James, ditto 24 ditto
Noble Thomas, August 18 ditto
Nongary Lewis, marquis of Modena, September 22 St. Mary's
Norbeck Daniel, his child, ditto 19 Trinity
Norkway Mary, October 11 City Hospital
Norman Philip, September 20 ditto
Norton John, August 23 ditto
Norris John, October 17 Scots Presbyterian
Ditto do. ship-carpenter, September 16 Kensington
Nory Jacob, ditto 25 City Hospital
Nue Peter, his child, October 4 Kensington
Nugent Eleanor, September 5 St Mary's
Nugent Francis, ditto 8 ditto
Nugent Elizabeth, ditto 15 ditto
Nugent Patrick, October 12 ditto
O
Oblinger Barbara, August 27 City Hospital
Oakford Charles, his wife, September 25 Baptists
Ditto ditto his daughter, ditto 27 ditto
Oblinger Barbara, August 27 St. Mary's
Obaire Mr. ditto 28 City Hospital
O'Brian Timothy, a child, ditto 3 St. Mary a
O'Brian Simon, September 9 City Hospital
O'Brian Robert, ditto 16 ditto
O'Brian Eleanor, ditto 17 ditto
O'Connell Charles, ditto 2 ditto
Odair Catherine, August 26 Kensington
O'Dounnell Connell, September 11 St. Mary's
Ohler Johannes October German Reformed
Ohler Andreas, ditto 10 German Lutneran
Oliver William, August 23 City Hospital 

(O P) LIST OF DEATHS.
Oliver Charles, September 17 City Hospital
Oliver Andrew, ditto 7 ditto
Onet Peter, August 1 Kensington
O'Neal James, ditto 29 St. Mary's
Oner Elizabeth, September 24 German Lutheran
Opperman Adam, ditto 4 3d Presbyterian
Omer John, October 27 German Lutheran
Orr Hugh, September 6 3d Presbyterian
Orr Hugh, ditto 4 City Hospital
Osburn Sarah, October 17 ditto 
Osburn Samuel, ditto 13 ditto
Ott Appolonia, September26 St. Mary's
Otts John, August 26 City Hospital
Ottington Matthew, his child, October 27 St. Paul's
Ousford John, September 24 Christ Church
Overman John, ditto 17 City Hospital
Owen John, sen. October 10 ditto
Owen John, jun. ditto 10 ditto
Owens Mr. August 17 ditto
P.
Paine Prince, September 15 City Hospital
Palmer William, T. ditto 27 ditto
Palmer Joseph, November 15 ditto
Pancake Philip, his daughter, September 11 German Lutheran
Ditto do. ditto, October 28 ditto
Parenbach Maria, September German Reformed
Parish Mary, ditto 16 City Hospital
Park David, August 21 ditto
Parker Mary, ditto 26 Baptists
Parker Mrs. her child, September 23 City Hospital
Ditto do. ditto. August 20 St. Paul's
Parks Mrs. September 26 City Hospital
Parr Cabb, October 15 Christ Hospital
Parr Hetty, ditto 13 City Hospital
Parram Susannah, September 6 Swedes
Parry John, August 11 Free Quakers
Partridge Sarah September 9 City Hospital
Partridge Thomas, August 29 ditto
Paschall Jonathan, September 27 Friends
Pasgill -, ditto 2 City Hospital
Pasiands-, corner of Lombard and Fifth-streets ditto
Passfield George, August 30 Baptists
Pastor Peter, ditto 31 City Hospital
Pastoris Samuel, September 6 Friends
Pastoris Sarah, ditto 11 ditto
Paties Oliver, August 8 City Hospital
Patrick Ann, wife of Alexander, September 20 ditto
Patrick Alexander, his son, ditto 36 ditto
Patterson John, October 27 ditto
Patterson William, ditto 29 Swedes
Patterson Samuel, September 11 City Hospital

LIST OF DEATHS. (P
Fatton William, a child, August 24 St. Mary's
Paukermaster Thomas, November 7 Kensington
Paul captain, his son, August 28 St. Paul's
Paul Ann, ditto 21 City Hospital
Paxson Robert, November 6 ditto
Peacock Alexander, September 6 ditto
Peak Elizabeth, ditto 4 ditto
Peale Rebecca, ditto 12 ditto
Pearson Jane, ditto 22 Friends
Pearson Amos, August 29 City Hospital
Pearson William, September 6 ditto
Pechin John, his child, August 28 St. Paul's
Peck Elizabeth, September 4 City Hospital
Peckham Mary, ditto 22 ditto
Pee John, August 30 3d Presbyterian
Peltz Ann, October German Reformed
Peltz Corporal, September 5 City Hospital
Pemberton John, ditto German Reformed
Ditto do. a black, November 2 City Hospital
Pennington Alexander, October 11 ditto
Pepper Philip, November 8 German Lutheran
Perey John, house-carpenter, his wife, September 19 Baptists
Ditto do. his son, ditto 22 ditto
Perey Samuel, house-carpenter, ditto 24 ditto
Perey John, his daughter, ditto 25 ditto
Ditto do. house-carpenter, ditto 27 ditto
Ditto do. his daughter, ditto 28 ditto
Perkeson Martin, his child, October 22 3d Presbyterian
Perkins Jacob, his child, August 14 2d ditto
Permer Catherine, September 15 City Hospital
Peters Elizabeth, ditto 1 Methodists
Peters John, his child, November 4 German Lutheran
Peters Miss, sister of Mr. Little, Sept. 27 Scots Presbyterian
Petersham Christan, ditto 14 City Hospital
Phillips David, ditto 7 ditto
Phillips Alexander, taylor, August 5 3d Presbyterian
Phillips Hannah, ditto 20 Swedes
Phillipson Catherine, September 14 City Hospital
Pic Mary Ann, ditto 18 St. Mary's
Picken Mary, ditto 24 City Hospital
Pickering Samuel, ditto 14 ditto
Pickering Rachel, ditto 23 ditto
Piderman Charles, ditto 28 German Lutheran
Pierce Jacob, his child, ditto 8 Kensington
Piesseman Christina, October German Reformed
Pister Jacob, his wife, ditto 18 Kensington
Pister Catherina, ditto 16 German Lutheran
Pister John, his wife, August 31 ditto
Platay Henry, September 21 ditto
Platz Barbara, October 27 Trintiy
Plin Paul, his daughter, September German Reformed
Do. do. a child, October ditto
Plisch Christina, September ditto
Plowman Joseph, October 18 St. Peter's
Plumb Peter, ditto 2 St. Mary's

PQ) LIST OF DEATHS.
Polany William, September 20 City Hospital
Pollard Richard, ditto 12 St. Peter's
Ditto ditto, his mother, ditto 20 ditto
Ditto ditto, his widow, ditto 28 ditto
Ditto ditto, his daughter Eliza, ditto 28 ditto
Polling Jesserin, his child, August 1 Kensington
Pollock James, ditto 25 City Hospital
Pollock Elizabeth, ditto 31 ditto
Polly, from Christian between 3d & 4th streets, Sept. 16 ditto
Polly Robert, his child, October 23 Trinity
Poney-, August 12 City Hospital
Pooly Elizabeth, September 20 ditto
Pope Christopher, October 23 German Lutheran
Porter James, August 9 City Hospital
Porter John, ditto 12 ditto
Porter Mary, ditto 9 Socts Presbyterian
Poth Adam, October 13 Trinity
Potlens Elizabeth, September 5 City Hospital
Pottem Elizabeth, September 14 ditto
Potter Thomas, ditto 20 ditto
Potter James, ditto 24 ditto
Potter Nathaniel, ditto 6 3d Presbyterian
Potts Edward, August 18 Friends
Pouatich Poultice, September 8 City Hospital
Powder William, August 24 ditto
Power John, ditto 24 St. Mary's
Ditto do. ditto 26 City Hospital
Ditto do. his child, September 3 German Lutheran
Poynter James, ditto 19 City Hospital
Pratt Richard, ditto 25 ditto
Praupert Mr. his child, October German Reformed
Precker John, August 23 City Hospital
Prederse Henry, September 2 ditto
Prendergrass captain, August 28 Kensington
Preston Rebecca, daughter of James, September 2 Swedes
Preston William, his son, August 29 St. Peter's
Ditto ditto, his wife, September 18 Friends
Preston John, ditto 20 ditto
Preston Joseph, ditto 18 ditto
Price Isaac, watchmater, member of the board of health,
ditto 16 ditto
Price widow, her son, ditto 1 German Lutheran
Price David, ditto 15 City Hospital
Price Mary, ditto 1 ditto
Primmell Benjamin, his wife, August 24 Swedes
ProvoOct William, September 21 City Hospital
Purphil Joseph, his child, October 2 Kensington
Purtich Mr. his son-in-law, ditto German Reformed
Pye Rebecca, September 14 City Hospital
Q
Quain Thomas, his son, September 24 St. Peter's
Queen Booker, ditto 7 City Hospital

LIST OF DEATHS. (Q R)
Quin Christina, September 16 Kensington
Quin Patrick, ditto 2 City Hospital
Quin William, ditto 6 St. Mary's
Quinlain Ann, a child, ditto 15 ditto
R
Rain John, his grand child, September 23 1st Presbyterian
Ralston Mrs. wife of William, October 14 2d ditto
Ralston Alexander, August 26 City Hospital
Ralston James, October 20 ditto
Ramfay Alexander, his daughter, August 25 Swedes
Rampart Benjamin, September 5 City Hospital
Ranuels Rebecca, ditto 7 ditto
Rape Nicholas, October 27 ditto
Raphune John, his child, ditto 27 German Lutheran
Ray Mrs. September 13 Scots Presbyterian
Ray Oliver, ditto 4 St. Mary's
Reach William, ditto 15 City Hospital 
Read Peter, October 6 ditto
Read Elizabeth, ditto 22 ditto
Read Peter, September Bethel
Read Peter, his wife, ditto
Read Eleanor, ditto 27 City Hospital
Reb Nicholas, his wife, October 13 German Lutheran
Rebel Adam, August 25 St. Mary's
Records Mrs. her daughter, September 26 City Hospital
Recud Peter, his mother, October 4 ditto
Rees George, September 28 ditto
Rees George, ditto 16 ditto
Regan William, ditto 11 ditto
Regan Hannah, ditto 11 ditto
Regan Abigail, ditto 28 St. Mary's
Regins Ann, October 16 City Hospital
Reid Andrew, September 30 ditto
Reid John, August 25 ditto
Reese Joseph, September 30 ditto
Reihle John, ship-carpenter, ditto 7 Kensington
Reihle John, fisherman, his wife, ditto 29 ditto
Reineck Jacob, October 5 City Hospital
Reineck Catherina, September German Reformed
Relnhart William, a child, October ditto
Reily Mrs. September 5 St. Mary's
Reilly Henry, ditto 30 City Hospital
Reiser Martin, his son, August 23 German Lutheran
Reik Frederic, September 18 City Hospital
Do. ditto, his wife, ditto 20 ditto
Remington Clement, his child, August 4 Friends
Renow -, ditto 19 City Hospital
Rencke Frederick, his wife, September 3 German Lutheran
Renshaw Charles, his child, August 21 St. Paul's
Rensey Susan, ditto 30 City Hospital
Reynolds William, ditto 26 ditto
Reynolds John, ditto 23 2d Presbyterian

( R ) LIST OF DEATHS.
Reynolds Charles, September 6 City Hospital
Rible Jacob, ditto 15 ditto
Rice Anthony, ditto 1 ditto
Rice Jacob, ditto 4 ditto
Rice George, his child, August 23 St Paul's
Richard Stephen, ditto 24 City Hospital
Richard Mary, September 29 ditto
Richards Sarah, her child, October 2 ditto
Richards Matthew, ditto 1 ditto
Richards Thomas, ditto 17 ditto
Richards John, a child, September 29 St. Mary's
Richards Mark, ditto 30 ditto
Richards Gasper, October 10 ditto
Richards Elizabeth, ditto 14 ditto
Richards Mrs. her daughter, September 23 City Hospital
Richards George, October 19 ditto
Richardson George, August 23 ditto
Rickets Nancy, September 7 ditto
Rickets Lucy, October 13 Friends
Riddell James, ditto 2 City Hospital
Riddell John, ditto 12 ditto
Rider Rachel, August 23 ditto
Ridgway John, ditto 22 ditto
Ridgway Alien, his wife, October 31 Friends
Riebel widow, September German Reformed
Ries Miss, October 24 City Hospital
Riferts widow, her daughter, August 21 Kensington
Riff Johannes, October German Reformed
Riffits Edward, ditto 3 Free Quakers
Rigley Thomas, August 1 r City Hospital
Riidesheim Anthony, October 21 Trinity
Rine Ann, August 5 Baptists
Riol Idrael, September 25 Friends
Rion Peter Jacobus, ditto 27 City Hospital
Ritchie Francis, ditto 10 ditto
Rittenhouse Christian, his child, August 21 Kensington
Ritchie Martha, ditto 29 City Hospital
Ritter Henry, a child, September German Reformed
Rittner Philip, ditto 9 German Lutheran
River Baftian, ditto 12 ditto
Rivel Catherine, ditSo 28 St. Mary's
Ditto ditto, ditto 22, ditto
Rivel Jacob, ditto 27 ditto
Rivel William, ditto 24 ditto
Rizer Christian, October 5 City Hospital
Rhea George, ditto 8 ditto
Rhea Mrs. ditto 23 ditto
Rhoades Sarah, August 26 ditto
Rhoades William, his wife, October 30 German Lutheran
Ditto ditto, his child, September 16 ditto
Robert Isaac, August 8 City Hospital
Robertshaur Charles, September 7 ditto
Roberts John, ditto 26 ditto
Roberts Sarah, daughter of widow, August 19 St. Peter's
Roberts Hannah, ditto, ditto 21 ditto 

LIST OF DEATHS. (R)
Roberts Israel, September 21 City Hospital
Roberts widow, her daughter, August 23 St. Peter's
Roberts Charlotte, October 4 City Hospital
Roberts widow, her daughter, August 26 St. Peter's
Roberts Mary, September 11 Free Quakers
Ditto do, ditto 7 Christ Church
Roberts Joseph August 31 City Hospital
Robertson John, September 17 ditto
Ditto do. ditto 19 ditto
Robeson Joseph, his son, ditto 4 Swedes
Robinet Allen, ditto 7 Kensington
Robeson Joseph, ditto 10 Swedes
Robinet Richard, his child, October 24 St. Paul's
Robins John, ditto 14 ditto
Robins Thomas, September 4 City Hospital
Robinson widow, her child, ditto 27 ditto
Robinson John, October 13 2d Presbyterian
Robinson Ann, September 14 City Hospital
Robison Mr. October 27 1st Presbyterian
Ditto do. his child, September 25 ditto
Robison Margaret, ditto 18 City Hospital
Robison Ann, August 19 ditto
Robison-, opposite Mr. Miercken's, September 17 ditto
Robison Ann, August 29 S. Mary's
Robison Joseph, September 10 Swedes
Ditto do. his son, ditto 4 ditto
Roche John, ditto 24 City Hospital
Roche Edward, ditto 23 St. Mary's
Rody Neill, a child, August 16 ditto
Rody Catherine. September i2 ditto
Rody Neill, August 19 ditto
Roes Anthony, September 1 Trinity
Rogers Hugh, ditto 3 St. Mary's
Rogers Francis, ditto 12 City Hospital
Rogers Francis, a child, ditto 13 St. Mary s
Rolsington Mrs. wife of John, ditto 8 St. Peter s
Ronaldson Andrew. October 11 City Hospital
Rose David, his child, September 9 St. Paul's
Ronnion William, ditto 17 City Hospital
Roop John, his son, ditto 2 German Lutheran
Rose David, sen. August 5 St. Paul 's
Rorhman Conrad, his daughter, September 10 German Lutheran
Ross William, his child, ditto 21 Methodists
Ross Sarah, ditto 12 City Hospital
Ross Margaret, ditto 5 ditto
Ross William, ditto 22 Methodists
Roth Elizabeth, August 24 German Lutheran
Rowen John, October 3 1st Presbyterian
Rose David, his child, September 9 St. Paul's
Royston George, September 25 City Hospital
Rowe Sarah, ditto 29 ditto
Ruddach William, ditto 14 . 1st Presbyterian
Rudy widow, a friend of her's, ditto German Reformed
Rugan John, his apprentice, ditto 20 City Hospital
G

(R S) LIST OF DEATHS.
Rule Andrew, September 17 City Hospital
Rumford Rebecca, ditto 28 ditto
Rummell Charlotte, October 24 ditto
Rummell George, his child, September 28 German Lutheran
Runner Charles, October 5 ditto
Rush Elizabeth, daughter of B. Rush, August 21 1st Presbyterian
Rush Nathan, September 25 Kensington
Rush Andrew, ditto 30 City Hospital
Rush captain Conrad, ditto German Reformed
Russell Margaret, October 6 City Hospital
Russell Michael, ditto 7 ditto
Russell David, September 2 ditto
Rutchillier Mary, ditto 11 St. Mary's
Rutherford Jane, ditto 24 City Hospital
Rutter George, sign-painter, ditto 25 Friends
Rutter Peter, October 16 City Hospital
Ryan Patrick, September 23 ditto
Rybold John, October 23 Kensington
S.
St. Clair Joseph, September 19 City Hospital
St Martin Catherine Adine, ditto 17 St. Mary's
St. Clair Mrs. October 10 City Hospital
St. Felix Mr. August 21 St. Mary's
Salmon David, September 25 City Hospital
St. Clair Wiliiam, ditto 26 ditto
Sampson John, ditto 26 Assosciate
Sanamaker George, October 21 City Hospital
Sanford Sarah, wife of William, September 11 Christ Church
Sauder Maria, ditto German Reformed
Saunders John, October 2 St. Peter's
Ditto do. ditto 14 Kensington
Ditto William, September 24 City Hospital
Ditto Elizabeth, October 26 ditto
Ditto John, drowned, ditto 24 ditto
Savage Joseph, ditto 4 ditto
Saverito George, September 27 Kensington
Sauyer Rebecca, her child, October 19 City Hospital
Sayre Francis Bowers, M. D. September 2 Christ Church
Scantlin Mary, ditto 14 City Hospital
Ditto Abraham, ditto 2 ditto
Scattergood Thomas, his daughter, ditto 4 Freinds
Scheller Conrad, August German Reformed
Scherer Conrad, ditto ditto
Schleimnar Catherina, ditto ditto
Schmidt George, September 17 German Lutheran
Ditts ditto, his wife, ditto 17 ditto
Ditto Michael, ditto, August German Reformed
Ditto William, his child, ditto 25 German Lutheran
Schneider Mr. below South-street, Sept. 30 City Hospital
Schoedt Peter, ditto 21 St. Mary's
Schoeffer Bernard, ditto 17 ditto

LIST OF DEATHS. (S)
Schoenburgh Godfrey, October 6 City Hospital
Schroeder Frederick, September 22 German Lutheran
Schrupp Mr his son, ditto German Reformed
Schuler Peter, son of Christina, November 3 German Lutheran
Ditto Mr. his wife, September 4 ditto
Schull Maria, ditto German Reformed
Scott John, a child, August 4 St. Mary's
Do. Mrs. September 6 2d Presbyterian
Do. Sarah, ditto 12 ditto
Do. Susannah, October 4 City Hospital
Do. John, September 27 3d Presbyterian
Do. Benjamin, ditto 9 City Hospital
Do. Stephen, ditto 14 ditto
Do. James, ditto 15 ditto
Do. Ann, October 14 ditto
Sculthorp James, September 23 ditto
Seahart Hannah, ditto 11 ditto
Seargill Hannah, August 29 ditto
Seckel George David, September 29 German Lutheran
Do. Hannah, ditto 26 City Hospital
Do. Rebecca, ditto 28 ditto
Do. Henry, his widow, ditto 23 German Lutheran
Seed Mary, ditto 22 City Hospital
Seguin Peter, a child, October 11 St. Mary's
Service Ann, September 27 City Hospital
Ditto Thomas, a child, ditto 12 1st Presbyterian
Ditto John, jun. ditto 20 ditto
Ditto Elizabeth, ditto 14 ditto
Servoss Jacob, August 27 2d ditto
Seybert Peter, October 9 German Lutheran
Ditto Adam, his daughter, ditto 21 ditto
Ditto Peter, his wife, ditto 22 ditto
Ditto Margaret, ditto 31 ditto
Ditto Peter, his daughter, September 29 ditto
Seyfferheldt Eliza, October 1 City Hospital
Ditto Casper, September 23 German Lutheran
Ditto Elizabeth, her child, ditto 27 ditto
Seyffert Andrew, ditto 30 City Hospital
Seyffert Sarah, ditto 7 ditto
Ditto Jacob, August 26 German Lutheran
Ditto do. his child, ditto 28 ditto
Seyfred Catherine, September 30 Kensington
Sewell Clement, August 28 City Hospital
Shaddock Hannah, September 24 ditto
Shaffer Henry, his wife, ditto 30 German Lutheran
Ditto Jacob, ditto German Reformed
Ditto Catherina, a child, October ditto
Ditto Martin, September 2 German Lutheran
Ditto do. his child, ditto 16 ditto
Shaffin Norman, ditto 7 City Hospita
Shaffner Dabney, ditto 17 ditto
Shallus George, ditto German Reformed
Ditto Hassenclever, ditto ditto
Shane Mrs. ditto 18 City Hospita

(S) LIST OF DEATHS.
Shannon William, October 29 City Hospital
Shannon Stephen, November 8 German Lutheran
Sharp Nancy, a black, October 4 City Hospital
Ditto Peter, his daughter, September 29 ditto
Ditto Hannah, ditto 26 ditto
Shaw Samuel, ditto 11 ditto
Do do. ditto 11 Kensington
Do. -, ditto 16 City Hospital
Do. John, October 23 ditto
Do. Archibald, ditto 22 St. Mary's
Shea John, son of Mrs. Walters, October 4 ditto
Sheaff Peter, his son, ditto German Reformed
Shearman John, August 16 City Hospital
Shell Elizabeth, November 7 German Lutheran
Shelleman Richel, September 1 City Hospital
Shemegen Peter, ditto 30 ditto
Shenned James, his wile, October 2 Kensington
Sheppard widow, her grandchild, September German Reformed
Ditto Rachel, ditto 14 City Hospital
Ditto Joseph, ditto 28 ditto
Ditto Stephen October 18 ditto
Ditto Mrs September German Reformed
Ditto, widow of John, ditto ditto
Sheridan Abraham, a child, October ditto
Shibely Mr September ditto
Shields John, ditto 5 City Hospital
Ditto do. ditto 20 ditto
Shilling Caroline, October 2 ditto
Shimer Ann, ditto 1 Trinity
Shingel Nicholas, September 18 City Hospital
Ditto Frederick, his daughter, August 20 Christ Church
Shippen Mr. his child, October 2 City Hospital
Shively Ludwick, his wife, ditto 1
Shmidt Michael, his wife, August German Reformed
Ditto Christina, September ditto
Ditto Michael, a child, October ditto
Ditto widow, a child, ditto ditto
Ditto Christopher, ditto ditto
Shnider Catherina, September ditto
Ditto Jacob, October ditto
Ditto do. his widow, ditto ditto
Ditto John, ditto 8 Trinity
Ditto Ludwick, September 14 City Hospital
Shober widow, her child, ditto 6 St. Paul's
Ditto ditto, ditto, ditto 15 ditto
Shoemaker Eli, August 9 Friends
Ditto Joseph, his child, ditto 13 ditto
Shook George, September 17 City Hospital
Short Mary, October 3 ditto
Shotwell Eden, his daughter, August 31 Friends
Ditto do. September 4 ditto
Shrank George, October 7 Kensington
Shreier Peter, September 13 German Lutheran
Shriner Elizabeth, ditto 25 St. Mary's

LIST OF DEATHS. (S)
Shriner George, September 12 City Hospital
Shrum Christopher, ditto 4 ditto
Shugher Conrad, ditto 22 German Lutheran
Shuster Andrew, his daughter, August 26 ditto
Shweitzer Mr. September German Reformed
Ditto Maria, ditto ditto
Ditto John Gottleib, his daughter, ditto 1 German Lutheran
Sillicks John, his daughter, August 10 Swedes
Simeles Michael, a child, September 27 Trinity
Simkins Martha, August 20 Methodists
Simmons Conrad, September 29 City Hospital
Simon August, August 14 ditto
Ditto Christina, October German Reformed
Ditto John, September 5 German Lutheran
Ditto Casper, ditto 15 Kensington
Sim -, a black, ditto 5 City Hospital
Simpson John, his wife, ditto German Reformed
Ditto do. ditto 19 City Hospital
Ditto Mary, ditto 14 Kensington
Sims William, ditto 11 City Hospital
Singleton captain, ditto 10 ditto
Ditto Nancy, daughter of Thomas, August 23 Swedes
Sitgreaves Mary, October 9 City Hospital
Skates William, September 27 ditto
Skeats Elizabeth, ditto 26 ditto
Skerrett Susannah, October 17 ditto
Skinner widow, her daughter, September German Reformed
Ditto William, August ditto
Slay Mr. his child, September 26 Swedes
Slinghoff Joseph, ditto 2 German Lutheran
Slicker Frederick, ditto 21 City Hospital
Slimmer Maria, October German Reformed
Sluyter John, his child, ditto 10 German Lutheran
Ditto ditto his wife, ditto 15 ditto
Sloane James, September 25 City Hospital
Small John, August 26 St. Mary's
Smiley Henry, October 14 St. Paul's
Ditto John, September 4 City Hospital
Ditto Mary, ditto 11 ditto
Ditto Samuel, ditto 4 ditto
Smile Joseph, ditto 27 ditto
Smith Reuben, August 26 ditto
Ditto Henry, ditto 26 ditto
Ditto Thomas, September 6 ditto
Ditto James, ditto 22 ditto
Ditto William, October 13 ditto
Ditto Bernard, ditto 29 ditto
Ditto James, ditto 29 ditto
Ditto John, September 4 ditto
Ditto do. ditto 24 ditto
Ditto do. ditto 5 ditto
Ditto George, ditto 25 ditto
Ditto Jacob, ditto 25 ditto

(S) LIST OF DEATHS.
Smith Edward, a child, September 28 City Hospital
Ditto John, a child, October 2 ditto
Ditto Mary, ditto 1 ditto
Ditto widow, corner of Eighth and Spruce- streets ditto
Ditto Catherine, October 4 ditto
Ditto Grace, ditto 13 ditto
Ditto Ann, September 4 ditto
Ditto John, ditto 4 ditto
Ditto do. ditto 5 ditto
Ditto Sarah, August 18 ditto
Ditto John, ditto 25 St. Mary's
Ditto Aaron, September 21 Friends
Ditto Amelia, three of her children, ditto
Ditto captain Samuel, August 21 2d Presbyterian
Ditto Mr. his child, September 8 St. Paul's
Ditto Jacob, ditto 7 Kensington
Ditto Henry, October 4 Trinity
Ditto Amelia, ditto 30 Methodists
Ditto Jeremiah, ditto 5 ditto
Smothers Ralph, September 30 City Hospital
Ditto Henry, October 26 African Church
Snell Matthias, his wife, September 23 City Hospital
Snick Mrs. ditto 12 ditto
Snyder Catherine, ditto 26 ditto 
Ditto John, son of John, ditto 23 St. Peter's
Ditto Elizabeth, ditto 22 Kensington
Ditto George, ditto 27 ditto
Ditto John, ditto 28 ditto
Ditto Matthew, October 8 ditto
Ditto Elizabeth, her child, September 9 German Lutheran
Ditto Mary Ann, a child, October 27 St. Mary's
Ditto George, August 21 German Lutheran
Ditto Casper, his son, September 10 ditto
Ditto Jacob, ditto 9 City Hospital
Ditto Valentine, ditto 12 ditto
Socundum John, August 31 ditto
Solsey Ace, September 4 ditto
Sones Jacob, ditto 30 German Lutheran
Sorg William, October 18 Kensington
Do. ditto his wife, ditto 18 ditto
Sork Sarah, August 30 ditto
Sower John, September 20 City Hospital
Ditto Henry, his child, ditto 20 German Lutheran
Sowerman Martin, his child, ditto 6 ditto
Ditto do. di to ditto 2 ditto
Sowerwalt Lawrence, ditto 3 St. Mary's
Ditto Mary, ditto 22 ditto
Ditto Mark, October 26 ditto
Speck Louisa, September 27 City Hospital
Spongler George his daughter, August 22 1st Presbyterian
Spray Mary, September 10 City Hospital
Springer Jacob, ditto 5 ditto
Sproni Alexander, ditto 9 3d Presbyterian

LIST OF DEATHS (S)
Sparhawk John, his child, September 4 Kensington
Spurrier John, ditto 9 Christ Church
Sroope Michael, August 31 City Hospital
Stret John, September German Reformed
Stafford Mrs. August 24 City Hospital
Ditto James, ditto 25 ditto
Ditto Margaret, September 26 ditto
Stanley Johannes, October German Reformed
Ditto Thomas, his wife, September 17 St. Peter's
Start Mr. ditto 1 Kensington
Staurt Maria, October German Reformed
Staut William, ditto ditto
Steel Philip, September 27 City Hospital
Do. Stephen, ditto 28 German Lutheran
Steinmetz Casper, ditto 19 ditto
Steigmiller Daniel, ditto 24 City Hospital
Stenbach Abraham, ditto 17 ditto
Stephens Thomas, October 3 ditto
Ditto Elizabeth, ditto 5 ditto
Ditto major, ditto 5 ditto
Ditto do. his son, ditto 11 ditto
Ditto Mary, August 24 ditto
Ditto Henry, his daughter, ditto 11 Baptists
Stercher Justus, September German Reformed
Stevens Christiana, October 29 City Hospital
Stewart Sarah, August 26 ditto
Ditto Margaret, ditto 27 ditto
Ditto Charles, ditto 27 ditto
Ditto ditto, September 11 ditto
Ditto Zachariah, ditto 18 ditto
Ditto Mr. clerk in war-office, ditto 20 ditto
Ditto Sarah, ditto 26 ditto
Ditto Robert, ditto 30 ditto
Ditto Charles, his son, ditto 30 ditto
Ditto Alexander, October 1 ditto
Ditto John, ditto 15 ditto
Ditto Anne, November 1 ditto
Ditto Jane, ditto 5 ditto
Ditto Joseph, September 26 ditto
Ditto Margaret, October 30 1st Presbyterian
Ditto Mr. his daughter-in-law, ditto 18 Methodists
Ditto Mrs. August 10 Swedes
Ditto captain, his child, October 19 3rd Presbyterian
Ditto Zachariah, September 16 Baptists
Ditto ditto, his widow, ditto 24 ditto
Stiff John, October 3 City Hospital
Stiten Christian, August 22 ditto
Still Amelia, September 20 ditto
Stille Gustavus, August 20 2d Presbyterian
Stiller Margaret, her child, September 17 German Lutheran
Ditto Rebecca, her child, ditto 18 ditto
Stock George, ditto 21 City Hospital
Stokes James, his daughter, October 15 Christ Church
Stone Charles, August 11 City Hospital
Ditto Mary, October 1 ditto

(S) LIST OF DEATHS.
Stookert William, September 12 City Hospital
Stonebnrner David, October 11 City Hospital
Stoneman Susan, August 6 Free Quakers
Stoufs George, his daughter, October 4 City Hospital
Stoufs Joseph, September 23 German Lutheran
Stores Federick, August 31 City Hospital
Straten George, his child, ditto 4 Kensington
Stow Eieanor, November 20 City Hospital
Stowesberry Peter, September 20 German Lutheran
Strart Henry, his child, August 7 Methodists
Strieker Elizabeth, September 26 City Hospital
Strieker captain, ditto German Reformed 
Strieker captain, his wife, August ditto
Strife Christina, October 2 City Hospital
Strong Margaret, wife of Valentine,September 13 Swedes
Stuberfield William, October 2 City Hospital
Stume Francis, August 26 Trinity
Sturm widow, September German Reformed
Sturrier Justis, October ditto
Stuz widow, ditto 12 German Lutheran
Sullentine, his child, ditto 27 City Hospital
Sullivan Daniel, September 23 ditto
Sullivan Cornelius, ditto 25 ditto
Sullivan Dennis, ditto 18 ditto
Summer Henry, August 26 German Lutheran
Suter Mr. ditto 13 Kensington
Suter David,September 10 German Lutheran
Syttle John, October 2 City Hospital
Sutton Mrs her child,September 17 Kensington
Sutton John, his child, August 22 ditto
Swain Ebenezer, October 18 Methodists
Swain Nezer, son of James, September 29 Christ Church
Swan Stacy, August 23 City Hospital
Swan John, September 18 ditto
Swanwick John, August 1 St. Peter's
Swartz Sarah, October 18 Trinity
Sweeny Miles, September 25 St. Mary's
Sweeney Henry, ditto 3 Swedes
Sweitzer Michael, his wife, October 1 German Lutheran
Swelbachs Henry, ditto 3 ditto
Sykes Jacob, October 14 City Hospital
Sylvain Daniel, his child, November r Kensington
T
Taggart Elizabeth. October 18 City Hospital
Taggart Mary Ann, September 2 ditto
Taggart Robert. October 12 1st Presbyterian
Tanner Philip, ditto City Hospital
Tanner Mary, September 29 City Hospital
Tanzey Morgan, ditto 7 St. Mary's
Taper Benjamin, his child, October 9 Kensington
Ditto ditto ditto ditto 25 ditto

LIST OF DEATHS. (T)
Tar George, his wife, October 15 Kensington
Tarrant Thomas, his child, September 3rd Presbyterian
Tatton John, ditto 24 City Hospital
Tautennan Philip, October German Reformed
Taylor Godfrey, September 27 City Hospital
Taylor Fanny, October 23 ditto
Taylor Andrew, August 13 ditto
Taylor Francis, October 31 ditto
Taylor Lewis, his child, September 9 Friends
Taylor George, his child, August 15 Kensington
Taylor Elizabeth, daughter of John, August 1 2d Presbyterian
Taylor Abigail, September 27 St. Mary's
Taylor John, his child, August 17 German Lutheran
Terry Sarah, ditto 29 City Hospital
Tharnhill Joseph, October 28 ditto
Thackara John, son of William, August 6 St. Peter's
Thibien John, ditto 25 City Hospital
Third John, his wife, September 18 Baptists
Thomas Jane, August 30 African
Thomas Catharine, September 21 German Lutheran 
Thomas widow, her child, ditto 27 ditto
Thomas Elizabeth, November 11 City Hospital
Thomas widow, her son, September 13 3rd Presbyterian
Thomas Samuel, a black, August 45 City Hospital
Thomas Robert, ditto ditto
Thomas Henry, ditto 31 ditto
Thomas John, ditto 16 ditto
Thomas -, ditto 22 ditto
Thompson Eleanor, October 20 ditto
Thompson Mary Ann, August 26 1st Presbyterian
Thompson Samuel, September 22 ditto
Thompson John, his child, ditto 28 ditto
Thompson Jane, ditto 4 Christ Church
Thompson Peter, ditto 5 Friends
Thompson Thomas, ditto 9 ditto
Thompson John, of the Indian Queen, ditto 13 2d Presbyterian
Thompson John, son of John blacksmith, ditto 20 ditto
Thompson -, labourer, October 30 Universalists
Thompson Thomas, ditto 3 1st Presbyterian 
Thompson Margaret, November 4 ditto
Thompson Mrs. August 24 City Hospital
Thompson Sarah, wife of captain, October 27 Kensington
Tharburn James, September 14 City Hospital
Thornton John, his child, October 17 Kensington
Thornton Hermanns, September 20 City Hospital
Tiepo widow, ditto German Reformed
Till John, August 30 Kensington
Tillotson Catharine, ditto 15 Free Quakers
Tilton Lydia, October 22 City Hospital
Timanus Conrad, his wife, September 3 German Lutheran
Tinklemire Rosannah, ditto 16 City Hospital
Tobin David, August 22 St. Mary's
Tobin Eleanor, September 11 City Hospital
Toland Margaret ditto 24 ditto
Tolly Ann, August 23 ditto
H

(TV) LIST OF DEATHS.
Tomlinson Hannah, September 26 City Hospital
Toy Jacob, ditto 8 Swedes
Transom Jacob, ditto 12 City Hospital
Trapp George, ditto 15 ditto
Travers Ann, October 2 ditto
Trautwine William, his child, September 26 German Lutheran
Trein Peter, October 19 Trinity
Triess John, October 8 German Lutheran
Treseler David, his child, ditto 29 ditto
Tribet Simon, September 29 City Hospital 
Tribet Simon, October 1 ditto
Tribut Simon, his child, September 27 Kensington
Trimbles John, October 4 3d Presbyterian
Tripolet Jacob, September German Reformed
Trompo Andre, August 24 City Hospital
Troste Martin, his child, August 30 German Lutheran
Trumble Francis September 11 Friends
Trumble Hannah, ditto 7 ditto
Trumble Elizabeth, ditto 30 City Hospital
Trump Daniel, his son, October 19 1st Presbyterian
Trump Mary, September 18 City Hospital
Tryer Peter, August 26 German Lutheran 
Tryer widow, September 15 ditto
Tully Ann, August 23 St. Mary's 
Tully William, September 29 ditto
Turner Mrs. her child, August 13 3rd Presbyterian
Turner Ann, September 13 Christ Church
Turner Peter, ditto 15 St. Mary's
Turner Mary, ditto 30 Swedes
Ditto ditto August 18 City Hospital
Turner Margaret, September 14 ditto
Tutton Robert, August 20 ditto
V
Vail Wilmas, September 29 City Hospital
Valentine Mrs. her child,
Valentine, October 1 ditto
Vallance captain Nicholas, August 15 3d Presbyterian
Vallance Mrs. October 4 1st Presbyterian
Vallance Matthew, August 31 City Hospital
Vance Jacob, September 17 2d Presbyterian
Vandergrift Jacob, ditto 27 City Hospital
Vanderen Elizabeth, October 11 ditto
Vanderhuval Frederick, ditto 19 ditto
Vandersfust Abraham, August 27 ditto
Vanderslaurg John, ditto 19 ditto
Vandine Elsy, September 22 ditto
Vandines George, a black child, October 10 ditto
Vandiver Grace, September 5 St. Paul's
Vauhorn Benjamin, September 16 Kensington
Vanhoven Frederick Jacobus
Van Kempen Johannes Roque, a child, August 6 St. Mary's
Vanleer Dr. his son, October Universalists 

LIST OF DEATHS (V W
Van Phul William, Esq. September German Reformed
Van Phul William, Esq. his son, ditto ditto
Vanseiver Jacob, his widow, ditto 5 Kensington
Varden William, a child, ditto 11 St. Mary's
Varner Sarah, October 14 ditto
Vauclery Gabriel, August 13 City Hospital
Vaulbach Jacob, October German Reformed
Vanghan John, September 20 City Hospital
Vegneran Amelia, October 26 St. Mary's
Veuack Thomas, September 19 City Hospital
Vining Catherine, August 31 ditto
Vizer Susannah, September 21 German Lutheran
Voight Henry, ditto 28 Trinity
Voight Christian, ditto 29 ditto
Voight Barbara, October 1 ditto
Voigrath Mrs. her child, ditto German Reformed
Volkrant Mr. September ditto
W
Waine Thomas, his child, August 17 3d Presbyterian
Wainwright Samuel, his daughter, November 3 Friends
Walker Joseph, September 18 ditto
Walker Tacy, ditto 25 ditto
Walker James, his child, August 30 Kensington
Walker John, his wife, October 10 ditto
Walker John, his child, September 21 St. Mary's
Walker John, corder, ditto 3 Baptists
Walker Bridget, August 17 City Hospital
Walker John, his wife, September 5 Baptists
Wall Charles, his wife, ditto 8 ditto
Do. ditto, his son, ditto 10 ditto
Wallace Samuel, October 14 Friends
Wallace Mary, September 7 City Hospital
Wallace Robert, his grand-child, ditto 18 1st Presbyterian
Ditto ditto, ditto ditto 22 ditto
Walsh Richard, ditto 4 St. Mary's
Walsh Ann, ditto 22 ditto
Walsh Patrick, a child, ditto 23 ditto
Walsh James, ditto 30 City Hospital
Walsh Mary, August 29 ditto
Walsh Elizabeth, September 16 ditto
Walfn Mary, ditto 6 ditto
Weaver Abraham, ditto 11 ditto
Watkins William, ditto 16 ditto
Weaver Henry, ditto 16 ditto
Weyfenfield Elizabeth, ditto 10 ditto
Walton Sarah, August 26 ditto
Walton Samuel, a child, September 9 Friends
Ward Mark, ditto 1 City Hospital
Webster -, ditto 17 ditto
Ward Elizabeth, ditto 27 Christ Church
Warnek James, ditto 8 City Hospital
Waring Isaac, ditto 29 Friends

(W) LIST OF DEATHS.
Warner John, October 26 Friends
Waters James, his child, August 11 ditto
Watt Aaron, September 14 City Hospital
Watters James, publisher Weekly Magazine do. 1 St. Mary's
Watkins Sarah, ditto 2 City Hospital
Watson captain, his wife, ditto 9 3d Presbyterian
Way George, jun. August 25 Christ Church
Watson Mr. his wife, September German Reformed
Way Jane, ditto 28 Christ Church
Wetherill Francis, August 29 German Reformed
Weaver Matthias, September 18 Christ Church
Weber John, his son, ditto City Hospital
Ditto widow, her son, ditto German Reformed
Ditto Jost. ditto ditto
Weilds Hannah, ditto 3 City Hospital
Weber Jost, ditto German Reformed
Ditto do. his wife, ditto ditto
Weisbach Mary, ditto 25 Kensington
Weldon Alexander, his wife, October 12 ditto
Welcome Joseph, September 19 St. Mary's
Wells Lydia, ditto 2 City Hospital
Wetterstim Catherina, ditto German Reformed
Wells Edward, his daughter, ditto 1 Friends
West Thomas, August German Reformed
Wheaton Amos, sen. his wife, September 30 Baptists
Wheeler William, October 3 City Hospital
Whelan John, September 9 St. Mary's
Warton George, ditto 13 City Hospital
White Richard, ditto 28 ditto
White William, his child, ditto 4 3d Presbyterian
Ditto ditto, ditto 14 City Hospital
White Mr. ditto 20 3d Presbyterian
White Isaac, ship-carpenter, his sister, ditto 9 Baptists
White William, of U. S. frigate, his daughter, do.17 Christ Church
White Mrs. ditto 11 2d Presbyterian 
White Thomas, merchant, ditto 2 Associate
Ditto ditto, ditto 12 City Hospital
Whitehead William, ditto 3 ditto
Whitehead John, grocer, ditto 2 Scots Presbyterian
Ditto do. his wife, ditto 4 ditto
Wild Thomas, August 36 City Hospital
Wicker Ann, ditto 30 ditto
Whiteman Stophel, September 12 Kensington
Whitlock John, August 23 City Hospital
Wieseman George, September German Reformed
Wickersham William, ditto 16 Friends
Wieler John, his child, ditto German Reformed
Widerspriger John, ditto 4 City Hospital
Wieler John, a child, ditto German Reformed
Wild Joseph, his wife, ditto 26 Friends
Wild Mrs. August 21 City Hospital
Wild Joseph, his son, September 26 Friends
Wild Joseph, ditto 27 ditto
Wilds Miss, ditto 9 Methodists
Wildworth Elizabeth, ditto 30 City Hospital

LIST OF DEATHS. (W)
Wiley Richard, his daughter, Sept. 30 Christ Church
Wilkes James, October 5 City Hospital
Will Nancy, ditto German Reformed
Wilkins captain, his daughter, September Universalists
Williams David, his wife, ditto 15 Swedes
Williams Christopher, ditto 26 St. Mary's
Williams Thomas, November 8 Friends
Williams Robert, his wife, September 20 Swedes
Williams Jacob, August 30 City Hospital
Wilkin William, ditto 27 ditto
Williams Adam, September 8 ditto
Williams Mary, ditto 11 African Church
Williams Henrietta, October 4 City Hospital
Williams Joseph, his daughter, September 30 Friends
Williamson Sarah, (Eastburn) August 26 ditto
Willis Mary, widow of Seth, September 22 Friends
Wilson Hugh, ditto 21 3d Presbyterian
Wills Mary, August 24 City Hospital
Wilson Hugh, his wife, September 27 3d Presbyterian
Wilson ——, from Shippen-street, October 1 ditto
Wilson Hugh, his child, October 12 ditto
Do. do. do. ditto 18 ditto
Wilson Mr. his child, ditto 5 1st Presbyterian
Wilson George, September 11 City Hospital
Wilson Henrietta, ditto 8 St. Peter's
Wilson Mrs. ditto 26 2nd Presbyterian
Wimer Mr. October 6 Swedes
Winkler Frederick, his wife, August 27 Kensington
Winkloe Frederick, ditto 26 City Hospital
Winkler Mary, September 10 Kensington
Wind John, a child, August German Reformed
Wolfe Michael, September 10 City Hospital
Wisdom William, August 28 St. Paul's
Witt Francis, August 25 City Hospital
Wood Benjamin, September 6 St. Paul's
Wolfe Michael, ditto 7 City Hospital
Wood George, August 16 Swedes
Wolverton George, September 8 City Hospital
Wood Mary, August 19 ditto
Wood William, September 10 ditto
Woodside Sarah, ditto 14 ditto
Woodward Anthony, October 14 African Church
Wooden Sarah, September 11 City Hospital
Woos Mr. October 5 ditto
Work Mary, September 2 ditto
Works George, ditto 10 ditto
Wray Andrew, his daughter, August 22 3d Presbyterian
Wray Andrew, his wife, ditto 26 ditto
Wright Mary, September 7 St. Mary's
Wright John, ditto 8 ditto
Wright Thomas, ditto 9 ditto
Wright William, August 22 Free Quakers
Wyet John, ditto 26 Kensington

(Y Z) LIST OF DEATHS.
Y
Yakart Sarah, September 10 City Hospital
Yard Sarah, wife of Edward Universalists
Yard Mary, October 13 City Hospital
Yard John, September 11 ditto
Yarwood Mary Ann, ditto 28 ditto
Yesterday Catherine, October 17 ditto
Yeckel Anthony, August 2 Trinity
Yondez Francis, September 21 German Lutheran
Yondez Elizabeth, ditto 23 ditto
Yorkson Francis, ditto 8 St. Paul's
Yost Justis, October 13 City Hospital
Young William, his wife, ditto 3 3d Presbyterian
Young George, September 30 Baptists
Young Catherine, August 28 Trinity
Young Jacob, September 15 ditto
Young Francis, ditto 25 ditto
Young Ann, ditto 17 ditto
Young Francis, ditto 2 ditto
Young widow, August 26 German Lutheran
Young Philip, his child, August 30 ditto
Young Philip, October 1 ditto
Young Christian, his wife, ditto 13 ditto
Young Daniel, ditto 28 ditto
Young Elizabeth, ditto 26 ditto
Young Peter, his daughter, ditto 21 ditto
Young Elizabeth, ditto 26 ditto
Young Catherine, ditto 17 City Hospital
Young Rogers, September 25 ditto
Young Rogers, ditto 17 ditto
Z
Zellinger Elizabeth, October 21 City Hospital
Zean Rebecca, wife of Jonathan, August 21 Friends
Zeller Philip, October German Reformed
Zerban Wendel, his daughter, September 27 German Lutheran
Zerban Wandel, inn-keeper, ditto German Reformed
Zimmerman John, October ditto
Zimmerman George Henry, ditto 16 City Hospital
Interments of persons whose names are unknown.
AUGUST.
A French child, August 4 St. Mary's
A woman from John Peckworth's, ditto 9 Baptist
Richard (a black) ditto 13 City Hospital
Apprentice of Joseph Wright, ditto 16 St. Peter's
A grown person, ditto 22 Swedes
A young male child, ditto 24 ditto 

SEPTEMBER.
Three persons, August 24 City Hospital
A twin child from North-Alley, ditto 25 St. Peter's
Adelaid, a child, ditto 26 St. Mary's
A grown person, ditto 26 Swedes
Two negro children, ditto 27 City Hospital
A woman from Joseph Clarks, ditto 28 Christ Church
Apprentice of John Naglee, ditto 28 German Lutheran
Catherine, from Pear-street, ditto 28 City Hospital
Catherine, a grown person, ditto 30 ditto
Two persons from North Water-street, ditto 31 ditto
John, from the Dispensary ditto
Apprentice of Daniel Hartung German Reformed
A child ditto
SEPTEMBER.
Elizabeth, from No. 235, South Second-st. Sept. 1 City Hospital
Apprentice of Daniel Cartright, ditto 1 St. Paul's
A woman from No 78, Spruce-street, ditto 2 City Hospital
A woman found dead on the commons, ditto 2 ditto
Robert, from Water below South-street, ditto 3 ditto
Daughter of Mr. Bingham's housekeeper, ditto 3 St. Peter's
Polly from Mr. Bingham's, ditto 3 City Hospital
Charles, ditto 3 ditto
Thomas (a black), ditto 3 ditto
James from No. 93, South Second-street, ditto 4 ditto
A person from Masters' Place, ditto 5 ditto
Charlotte, ditto 5 ditto
Apprentice of John Naglee, ditto 5 German Lutheran
A young man from the Dispensary, ditto 6 3d Presbyterian
Michael, from Elbow-Lane, ditto 7 City Hospital
Sarah (a black), ditto 8 ditto
A drowned man, ditto 8 ditto
A woman from the Pennsylvania Hospital, ditto 9 ditto
Mate of a vessel from German-street, ditto 10 3d Presbyterian
A man from Germany, ditto German Reformed
A French child, ditto 12 City Hospital
A grown person, ditto 13 ditto
A black woman from Mrs. Richards', ditto 14 ditto
A child from the Orphan-house, ditto 15 ditto
A person from the Schuylkill tents, ditto 16 ditto
A man from the Alms-house, ditto 7 ditto
A woman from ditto, ditto 13 ditto
Two children from ditto, ditto 16 ditto
A man from ditto, ditto 17 ditto
A mulatto child from ditto, ditto 18 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 18 ditto
A person from No. 142, North Third-street, ditto 17 ditto
A person from the Northern Liberties, ditto 16 ditto
A child from the Orphan-house, ditto 17 ditto
Thomas from Second below Christian-street, ditto 16 ditto
A man from Thomas Rhoads', ditto 17 ditto
Kattie, ditto 19 ditto
Chloe from Bloody-Lane, ditto 19 ditto
Hannah (a black) ditto 20 ditto 

SEPTEMBER.
A man found dead at No.171, N. Second-st. Sept.20 City Hospital 
Another man found dead at ditto, ditto 21 ditto
A child from the Alms-House, ditto 21 ditto
A person from No. 82, North Fourth-st. ditto 20 ditto
A woman, ditto 20 ditto
A person from Schuylkill tents, ditto 20 ditto
Charlie from the city, ditto 23 ditto
A woman from the Alms-house, ditto 23 ditto
A woman from the city, ditto 23
A person found dead in Eighth-street, between Race and
Vine, ditto 23 ditto
A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 22
A woman from the Alms-house, ditto 25 ditto
A child found dead near Potter's field, ditto 25 ditto
A person from the city, ditto 25 ditto
A sailor from Humphreys' wharf, ditto 25 ditto
A child from the Orphan-house, ditto 24 ditto
Apprentice from Catherine Cooper's, ditto 26 ditto
Frances from Mr. Low's, ditto 26 ditto
A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 26 ditto
A person from the Alms-house, ditto 27 ditto
A child from Noble-street, ditto 27 ditto
A man from a shallop near the Swedes' church, ditto 27 ditto
A man found dead on the wharf below Mr. Wharton's
compting house, ditto 27 ditto
A man from Cherry Alley, ditto 27 ditto
A person from the Orphan-house ditto
A soldier from Pennsylvania Hospital, ditto 27 ditto
A woman from Hannah Fritz's, ditto 27 ditto
Servant man of George Lessher, ditto 27 ditto
George (a black boy), ditto 28 ditto
Jeanie, ditto 28 ditto
A child from the Alms-house, ditto 29 ditto
A child from the Orphan-house, ditto 29 ditto
Mary, servant of Mr. Deanes, ditto 29 ditto
A lad from widow Henderson's, ditto 29 ditto
Victor, a French child, September 29 ditto
A woman from Anthony Morris', ditto 30 ditto
A grown person, ditto 30 ditto
A man from Frankford road, ditto 30 ditto
A person from Schuylkill tents, ditto 30 ditto
OCTOBER.
Peter (a black), October 1 ditto
Rossannah (a mullato), ditto 1 ditto
A child from Frankford, ditto
A man from the corner of 4th and Plumb street, do. 1 ditto
A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 1 ditto
A child from the Orphan-House, ditto 2 ditto
Apprentice of Jacob Weaver's, ditto 2 Kensington
Apprentice of Valentine Hoffman's, ditto 3 German Lutheran
Nancy from Polly M'Cartey's, ditto 4 City Hospital
A child from the Orphan-house, ditto 5 ditto
A child from the Alms-House, ditto 3 ditto
A man from ditto, ditto 5 ditto

OCTOBER.
A child from the Alms House, October 5 City Hospital
A woman from ditto, ditto 7 (aged 106 years) ditto
Two women from ditto ditto 7 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 9 ditto
An old man from ditto, ditto 10 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 13 ditto
Hannah from 8th above Chesnut street, ditto 11 ditto
A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 13 ditto
A child from the Orphan-House, ditto 14 ditto
A woman from the city, ditto 13 ditto
A woman from the Northern Liberties, ditto 18 ditto
A woman found dead in a house, corner of 8th and Ship-
pen street, ditto 16 ditto
A child from the Alms-House, ditto 20 ditto
An apprentice of William Coates, ditto 42 ditto
Hannah, (a negro) ditto 23 ditto
Hannah, (a black) ditto 20 ditto
John, a child, ditto 23 ditto
A servant girl of Peter Och, German Lutheran
Robert, from Camptown, ditto 22 City Hospital
Woman from Chales Telghman's, ditto 25 ditto
Jane, (a black) ditto 27 ditto
A person from Masters' place ditto 28 ditto
A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 29 ditto
A child from the Orphan-House, ditto 25 ditto
A black woman from the Alms-House, ditto 27 ditto
A child from the Orphan House, ditto 31 ditto
Isaac, from the Pennsylvania Hospital, ditto
NOVEMBER.
A child from Schuylkill tents, November 1 ditto
A woman from the Alms-House, ditto 1 ditto
A man from ditto, ditto 1 ditto
An apprentice of Daniel Hartung, ditto German Reformed
A person from John Mearn's, ditto 4 City Hospital
Robert, (a black man) ditto 5 ditto
A child from the Orphan House, ditto 2 ditto
Ditto ditto, ditto 9 ditto
A woman from Schuylkill tents, ditto 3 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 7 ditto
A person from the city, ditto 6 ditto
A black child from Southwark, ditto 15 ditto
A woman from the Alms House, ditto 2 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 9 ditto
Three persons from ditto, ditto 10 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 15 ditto
A black woman from ditto, ditto 15 ditto
-
The mate of the Aurora, July 27th.
A negro girl from the Marine hospital, July 14th.
A person from the ship Nestor, July 29th.
I

NAMES OMITTED.
Benjamin Jones, June 2
Mark Millar, July 2
John Naglee, pilot, ditto 28
James Roland, pilot, ditto 29
Hugh Dowel, printer, ditto 29 Free Quakers
George Ralston, ditto 30
Frederick Snyder, August 15 German Reformed
John Lincoln, ditto 2
Sarah Newton, ditto 2
William Adams's son, ditto 4 Free Quakers
Elizabeth Dewalt, ditto 6 German Reformed
John Morris's daughter, ditto 7 Free Quakers
Magdalane Bernhart, ditto 9 German Reformed
Eliza Crumpfield, ditto 10 ditto
John Ash, ditto 11 ditto
Solomon Steneman's child, 16 Free Quakers
John Tutton, ditto 20 St. Peter's
Joseph Douglass, August
William Griffiths, bookseller, ditto
Mr. North, clerk in the war-office, ditto
James Stewart's son, ditto 1st Presbyterian
James Dunn, ditto ditto
James Wilson, stone-cutter, ditto ditto
Ditto, his wife, ditto ditto
David Hampton, stone-cutter, ditto
Widow Gentle, ditto ditto
Ditto, her daughter, ditto ditto
Mrs M'Klentick's daughter, ditto ditto
George Wilson, baker, ditto ditto
Martin Haws, ditto ditto
Mr. Kinnard's son, ditto Universalists
Mrs Kingston's daughter, ditto ditto
John Sitgrieves, September 3
Frederick Kammerer, ditto 5 German Lutheran
Henry Underwick, ditto 5 Kensington
Henry Heineman, ditto 7 German Reformed
Widow Mynnich, ditto 17 ditto
Mrs. Taylor, ditto 17 City Hospital
Elizabeth Utchell, ditto 21 ditto
James Johnston, baker, ditto ditto
Mrs. Kerr, wife of James, ditto 1st Presbyterian
Thomas Ryan's child, ditto ditto
Alexander Urquhart's child, ditto 2d Presbyterian
Mary Fogie, widow, October 3 Swedes
Orpheus Reemer, ditto 4 ditto

NAMES OMITTED.
Edward Yard's wife, October 21 Free Quakers
John Gould's widow, ditto 25 ditto
Richard Mosely's child, ditto 27 St. Paul's
John Merriam's child, ditto 29 Baptist
Jacob Stinemeyers, ditto 31 German Lutheran
Mathias Baltz German Reformed
Ditto, his wife, ditto
James Crawford, printer, City Hospital
Margaret Corbet, November 1 Christ Church
David Todd, ditto 2d Presbyterian
Edward Carrol, ditto ditto
Samuel Chambers, ditto 15 ditto
Alexander Bilsland, ditto ditto
Margaret Emery, ditto 4 Moravian 
Henry Townfeild's child, ditto 5 Baptist
John M'Donald, ditto 8 Free Quakers
Isaac Wetherill's son, ditto ditto
Captain Reside's son, ditto 26 St. Peter's
In all 3,521 Names. 



OCTOBER.
A child from the Alms House, October 5 City Hospital
A woman from ditto, ditto 7 (aged 106 years) ditto
Two women from ditto ditto 7 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 9 ditto
An old man from ditto, ditto 10 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 13 ditto
Hannah from 8th above Chesnut street, ditto 11 ditto
A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 13 ditto
A child from the Orphan-House, ditto 14 ditto
A woman from the city, ditto 13 ditto
A woman from the Northern Liberties, ditto 18 ditto
A woman found dead in a house, corner of 8th and Ship-
pen street, ditto 16 ditto
A child from the Alms-House, ditto 20 ditto
An apprentice of William Coates, ditto 22 ditto
Hannah, (a negro) ditto 23 ditto
Hannah, (a black) ditto 20 ditto
John, a child, ditto 23 ditto
A servant girl of Peter Och, German Lutheran
Robert, from Camptown, ditto 22 City Hospital
Woman from Chales Telghman's, ditto 25 ditto
Jane, (a black) ditto 27 ditto
A person from Masters' place ditto 23 ditto
A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 29 ditto
A child from the Orphan-House, ditto 25 ditto
A black woman from the Alms-House, ditto 27 ditto
A child from the Orphan-House, ditto 31 ditto
Isaac, from the Pennsylvania Hospital, ditto
NOVEMBER.
A child from Schuylkill tents, November 1 ditto
A woman from the Alms-House, ditto 1 ditto
A man from ditto, ditto 1 ditto
An apprentice of Daniel Hartung, ditto German Reformed
A person from John Mearns's, ditto 4 City Hospital
Robert, (a black man) ditto 5 ditto
A child from the Orphan House, ditto 2 ditto
Ditto ditto, ditto 9 ditto
A woman from Schuylkill tents, ditto 3 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 7 ditto
A person from the city, ditto 6 ditto
A black child from South wark, ditto 15 ditto
A woman from the Alms-House, ditto 2 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 9 ditto
Three persons from ditto, ditto 10 ditto
A child from ditto, ditto 15 ditto
A black woman from ditto, ditto 15 ditto
-
The mate of the Aurora, July 27th
A negro girl from the Marine Hospital, July 14th.
A person from the ship Nestor, July 29th. 
I

NAMES OMITTED.
Benjamin Jones. June 2
Mark Millar, July 2
John Naglee, pilot ditto 28
James Roland, pilot, ditto 29
Hugh Dowel, printer, ditto 29 Free Quakers
George Ralston, ditto 30
Frederick Snyder August 15 German Reformed
John Lincoln, ditto 2
Sarah Newton, ditto 2
William Adams's son, ditto 4 Free Quakers
Elizabeth Dewalt, ditto 6 German Reformed
John Morris's daughter, ditto 7 Free Quakers
Magdalane Bernhart, ditto 9 German Reformed
Eliza Crumpfield, ditto 10 ditto
John Ash, ditto 11 ditto
Solomon Steneman's child, 16 Free Quakers
John Tutton, ditto 20 St. Peter's
Joseph Douglass, August
William Griffiths, bookseller, ditto
Mr. North, clerk in the war-office, ditto
James Stewart's son, ditto 1st Presbyterian
James Dunn, ditto ditto 
James Wilson, stone-cutter, ditto
Ditto, his wife, ditto ditto
David Hampton, stone-cutter, ditto ditto
Widow Gentle, ditto ditto
Ditto, her daughter, ditto ditto
Mrs M'Klentick's daughter, ditto
George Wilson, baker, ditto ditto
Martin Haws, ditto ditto
Mr. Kinnard's son, ditto Universalists
Mrs Kingston's daughter, ditto ditto
John Sitgrieves, September 3
Frederick Kammerer, ditto 5 German Lutheran
Henry Underwick, ditto 5 Kensington
Henry Heineman, ditto 7 German Reformed
Widow Mynnich, ditto 17 ditto
Mrs. Taylor, ditto 17 City Hospital
Elizabeth Utchell, ditto 21 ditto
James Johnston, baker, ditto ditto
Mrs. Kerr wife of James, ditto 1st Presbyterian
Thomas Ryan's child, ditto ditto
Alexander Urquhart's child, ditto 2d Presbyterian
Mary Fogie, widow, October 3 Swedes
Orpheus Reemer, ditto 4 ditto

NAMES OMITTED.
Edward Yard's wife, October 21 Free Quakers
John Gould's widow, ditto 25 ditto
Richard Mosely's child, ditto 27 St. Paul's
John Merriam's child, ditto 29 Baptist
Jacob Stinemeyers, ditto 31 German Lutheran
Mathias Baltz German Reformed
Ditto, his wife, ditto
James Crawford, printer, City Hospital
Margaret Corbet, November 1 Christ Church
David Todd, ditto 2d Presbyterian
Edward Carrol, ditto ditto
Samuel Chambers, ditto 15 ditto
Alexander Bilsland, ditto ditto
Margaret Emery, ditto 4 Moravian 
Henry Townsend's child, ditto 5 Baptist
John M'Donald, ditto 8 Free Quakers
Isaac Wetherill's son, ditto ditto
Captain Reside's son, ditto 26 St. Peter's
In all 3,521 Names.