A
DISCOURSE,
ON THE
SUBJECT OF ANIMATION.
DELIVERED BEFORE THE
HUMANE SOCIETY
OF THE
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS,
JUNE 11, 1792.
by JOHN BARTLETT, A. M.
ARTERIA ANIMAM ACCIPIT E PULMONIBUS.
PRINTED at BOSTON,
BY ISAIAH THOMAS AND EBENEZER T. ANDREWS,
Faust's Statue, No. 45, Newbury Street.
MDCCXCII.

At a Meeting of Humane Society, June 12th, 1792.
VOTED THAT the Hon.the PRESIDENT, the first VICE PRESIDENT, Hon. ROBERT
Treat Paine, Esq. the Rev. Dr. Joseph Willard, and the Rev. Dr. Peter
Thacher, be a Committee to wait on Dr. John Bartlett, and return him the thanks of
this Society for his ingenious Discourse delivered this day, and to request of him a copy for
the Press.
An Extract from the Minutes of the Humane Society,
JOHN AVERY, jun. Rec. Secretary.
Roxbury, June 12th, 1792.
THE grateful sensations with which I am impressed by the approbation given
to my discourse, will never be obliterated. Your very polite request for a copy
to be submitted to the Press, demands my warmest acknowledgments. Presuming
it may in some small degree promote the interest of this most humane and benev-
olent institution, I cheerfully comply,
I am, Gentlemen,
With due respect, 
Your most humble Servant,
JOHN BARTLETT.
Hon. Thomas Russell, Esq. }
Jonathan Mason, Esq. }
Hon.,Judge Paine. }
Rev. President Willard, D. D. }
Rev. Peter Thacher, D. D. }
Committee

TO THE HONORABLE
THOMAS RUSSELL, Esq,
PRESIDENT,
JONATHAN MASON, Esq.
FIRST VICE PRESIDENT,
JOHN WARREN, M.D.
SECOND VICE PRESIDENT,
AND THE
Other TRUSTEES of the HUMANE SOCIETY,
OF THE
Commonwealth of MASSACHUSETTS,
In Testimony of their Philanthropick Exertions in the Cause of Hu-
manity,
This DISCOURSE
Is most respectfully DEDICATED
By their
Very humble servant,
JOHN BARTLETT.

" IF we are struck with admiration at the production of genius, in
which the artist captivates us by an imitation of nature, and teaches
canvas or marble, to resemble animation; with what rapture must we
view the coporeal faculties actually restored, the cheeks again bloom-
ing with undissembled lustre, and the countenance replete with grat-
itude to those who have been the happy instruments of resuscitation." 

A 
DISCOURSE, &c.
TO open to the view of this beneficent and humane
society, the principles upon which the vital functions perform
their offices, the causes which deprive those functions of their
operation, and the means by which they may be reanimated,
is the object of this discourse.
Although I feel with concern, how unequal I am to the
importance of the subject, yet I rely upon my zeal for the pro-
motion of this valuable institution, in pleading your candour
and indulgence.
Knowledge and humanity are the leading principles of
well instituted societies, the darling boasts of civilized coun-
tries, and the only bases upon which we can build that happiness
which is reserved for the enjoyment of a cultivated people.
Although 

6
Although human nature be possessed of faculties capable
of being exalted to the highest pitch of knowledge and refine-
ment, and although we reach them by flow and impercepti-
ble gradations in most instances ; yet scarce one century and
an half has elapsed since this land of improvement was an
uncultivated desert, and the ravages of barbarity the zenith
to which its inhabitants aspired. In the civilized state
of Europe, when a celebrated anatomist* advanced that there
was a circulating fluid necessary for the support of life, the
idea was ridiculed; since which time, the immortal Harvey
established it as a truth, and not a man from his day hath at-
tempted to controvert the fact. Until the eighteenth centu-
ry, it was thought impossible, after a complete suspension of
the vital functions had once taken place, that a restoration
could be effected ; had it been attempted, it would have excited
a sneer, and been considered as a proof of folly. This, hap-
py and enlightened age claims the honour of giving birth to
humane societies. By their establishment the polished world
became possessed of an invaluable gem, and the breasts of those
of its members who have rescued the prisoners of death, have
experienced sensations, the very idea of which the powers of
description are too feeble to convey.
The history of the establishment of humane associations
has been fully investigated in the ingenious discourses which
you have before attended. I shall only observe, that Amster-
dam first lighted the torch, all Europe mingled in the flame;
and
M. Fagon. 

7
and the humane sons of this Commonwealth, animated by the
reports of European success, * have adopted the system, and
their continual exertions for improving it will be the means,
I trust, of diffusing happiness to thousands, who would have
wept at the consignment of their friends to the grave, and of
calling tears of gratitude from such as would have been its
victims. And pleasing is the reflection, that their directions
for setting in motion the suspended animal functions, may be
as easily followed by either of its members as by the most
able Physician.
The powers which support animation from the time of our
first breathing, are heat, air, and moisture; the action of these
powers, and all the phenomena of sense and motion, depend up-
on stimulus. This stimulus is derived from the reciprocal action
of the blood upon the lungs, and the lungs upon the blood;
and its operation is excited by the entrance of the blood in-
to the heart. To elucidate which, it is necessary to give you
a description of that organ with its appendages.
THE
*Since the establishment of the Royal Humane Society in London, to the year 1789
rewards have been paid in two thousand and fifteen cases, viz.
Persons reared to life, who had been drowned, or otherwise suffocated 890
Lives preserved from eminent danger - 621
Unsuccessful Cases - 504
2015 cases.
In Liverpool, in the years 1787, 1788, and 1789, out of seventy persons apparently drown-
ed, sixty seven were saved, in consequence of which the honorary medal was voted to Mr.
William Wilson, who assisted in these accidents. [Reports of the Humane Society in London.
 

8
The heart has two cavities called ventricles, within which
are several elastic chords, that arise from their fleshy portions,
and are attached to the valves of two receivers called auricles,
which are situated at the basis of the heart. There also pass
out from the basis of the heart two arteries, called pulmon-
ary and great artery ; and six veins, four pulmonary, and two
venæ cavæ, each furnished with valves ; those belonging to
the arteries for the purpose of giving way to the passage of
the blood from the ventricles, and to resist its return; those of
the veins to allow a passage only to the heart. The valves
of the veins are connected with the elastic chords. There
are two valves in the right ventricle, and two in the left.
Now the right ventricle being stimulated by the impulse of
the blood, is excited to contract; the elastic chords relaxing,
and the valves closing the opening into the auricle, every pass-
age is obstructed, but the pulmonary artery, into which it en-
ters, passes through the lungs, there undergoes certain changes
and acquires certain properties, which are absolutely essential
for the right preformance of its offices. After this contrac-
tion the heart is relaxed and elongated. The chords at-
tached to the valves between the auricle and ventricle,
must necessarily draw inward the loose membranes, of which
they are formed, and the blood, now congested in the pul-
monary veins, obtains a ready entrance into the left cavity of
the heart; and this action takes place at the same time that
the artery of the lungs is filled with blood, so that both ven-
tricles are filled and emptied together ; and the animal can no
longer subsist than whilst this order is preserved.
Of

9
Of all casualties incident to the human race, (and against
the fatal effects of which, it is the duty of this society to
guard) drowning is that which most frequently calls for the
assistance, which it delighteth humanity to afford. It was the
attempt made upon those apparently dead from this circum-
stance which first proved successful.
A variety of hypotheses from time to time have been
adduced, respecting the cause which suspends the vital opera-
tions whilst the body is immersed.
In the times of Galen this suspension was thought to arise from
large quantities of water, entering the different cavities of the bo-
dy, and by their pressure, bursting some of the most important
organs of life. But since the knowledge of anatomy has been
more perfected, the action of the water upon the lungs only, ful-
ly accounts for all the phenomena attending it. Whether the
water acts immediately upon the lungs by its pressure, or on-
ly by preventing the admission of the fresh air, is still a dis-
pute amongst Physiologists. By dissection after drowning,
the quantity of water found upon the lungs is very incon-
siderable, and totally insufficient to produce the changes
which take place. From this we may infer that the exclu-
sion of the atmospheric air from the lungs, is the cause to
which we must attribute every effect arising from submersion.
From this account of the circulation, and the agency of
the air in promoting it, the manner in which submersion be-
B comes

10
comes fatal, is evidently deduced. For whether death ensues
from the admission of water into the lungs, or from the ex-
clusion of the air by the circumambient water, the effect is
the same, i. e. the lungs are incapable of expansion, and the
blood in its course thro them is impeded.
However destructive the want of air may be to animal
life in the adult state, and however fatal the submersion in
water, yet it is a curious fact, that in the fœtal state life is
maintained under both these circumstances, and the provi-
sion of nature for supporting it, is perhaps one of the most
astonishing displays of supreme wisdom, to be met with in
the whole compass of our existence. Whilst the child is de-
pendant upon its mother for life, and nutrition, the blood
by which it is supported is received from the mother, by a
vein which carries it to the heart, a part of it is then sent
from the right to the left auricle, through an opening in the
partition of the heart ; and another part passes through the
artery of the lungs to the great artery, by a vessel which serves
that purpose only. It is returned from the child, through
two arteries ; these two vessels, with the vein which receives
the blood from the mother, form the umbilical chord. Upon
this chord depends its existence ; until it becomes an inhabit-
ant of the atmosphere. No sooner is its tender fabric ex-
posed to that element, which is forever after to be its main
support, than from its general property of rushing where
there is the least resistance, the lungs being in a passive state,
and suspended in a vacuum, are forced to yield to its pressure;
in consequence of which the lungs become expanded, and are
brought 

11
brought into close contact with the pleura, and diaphragm :
which connexion is maintained until separated by disease.
The air which has, perhaps, by this time imbibed some
noxious quality, similar to that of perspiration, does by its
pressure upon the lungs excite an uneasiness, and when na-
ture can no longer support it, the lungs which are in a state
of expansion contract, and expel the offending cause ; which,
if retained would have become so rarefied by the heat of the
blood, and have so compressed the vesicles, that the contents
of the veins, would have become evacuated from the lungs,
whilst they would be rendered incapable of receiving a sup-
ply from the arteries. Hence, the left ventricle becomes emp-
ty, the right insufficient to propel its contents, and suffoca-
tion takes place.
Thus we see that an alternate inspiration, and expiration,
(which compound action is called breathing) is indispensa-
bly necessary for the support of life. After it has once com-
menced its operation, animal heat is dependant solely upon
its continuance ; and we find, whilst the blood of fishes,
which do not breathe, are as cold as the element they inhabit,
the blood of the whale kind, which have lungs, and respire,
is as warm as the human.
When the body is immersed, and life just bidding a last
adieu to its corporeal frame, it rises to the surface, and makes
an effort to inspire; but from its debilitated state, and the
spasmodic constriction of the epiglottis, (which always takes
place) 

12
place) it is incapacitated to perform that act ; so that the
air which is in the lungs, is continually passing off ; and receiv-
ing no supply, they are brought into a completely collapsed
state ; this renders them incapable of receiving blood from the
arteries, whilst that from the veins is continuing to empty it-
self: Hence, it is deprived of that quality which it is necessary
for it to possess, in order to excite the contractions of the heart.
If under these circumstances, the lungs be inflated, the resist-
ance to the entrance of the blood into the arteries will be
removed ; and it will again enter, pass through them, receive
its pabulum of life, and the heart again resume the functions
peculiar to its office. The application of warmth and dry-
ness to the body after immersion, is the first object to which
we should attend ; and if the vital spark be not totally extin-
guished, we have a chance to recal its dormant powers to ac-
tion by these alone. Suffocation by hanging, by the fumes
of coal, the confined air of wells and caverns which have
been long shut, and the damps of mines, is to be treated up-
on the general plan of resuscitation, proposed in the suspen-
sion of the animal functions from drowning.
Infants at their birth are sometimes apparently deprived
of life, If then heat be timely applied, the lungs mechani-
cally inflated, and an effort be made to imitate respiration,
we shall often have the pleasing satisfaction of seeing them
happily restored to the embraces of their fond parents.* And
let
*"It has been proved, beyond a doubt, that in various instances of apparent sudden
death, and even in certain diseases which seemingly carry off mankind, suspension of the vi-
tal powers may take place independent of the absolute extinction of life : And it is now an
established 

13
let us in every attempt to check departing life, be determined
to persevere until signs of recovery be apparent, or there is a
certainty that the vital principle has forsaken its tenement.
Electricity is said, by the late Dr. Fothergill, to be the
most speedy and certain remedy in unfortunate accidents
from lightning. He observes that "electricity proves a most
useful remedy even for its own excesses ; nor is the remark in-
consistent, seeing its effects may be greatly diversified, accord-
ing to the mode of applying it. Thus, it may be caused to
pass silently along a wire, visibly to shorten or elongate it,
or finally to dissolve it. The same circumstances are ap-
parent in a variety of other instances. A strong current of
air extinguishes the burning taper, whilst a gentler breeze
rekindles it." We also know from actual experiment, when
the limbs have become chilled, and completely deprived of
sensation, that no remedy is so effectual as the application of
snow or ice.
To restore the deranged organs of motion to the func-
tions assigned them, recourse is often had to bleeding, emet-
ics, suspending the body by the feet, and rolling it upon a
cask ; all which, instead of restoring circulation to the fluids,
will deny the little remnant of life the advantages which
more modern practice has offered for its relief.
Bleeding
established maxim that the coldness of the body, the frigidity of the limbs, and the total
abolition of the external senses, are very dubious and fallacious signs of death. It is not
then to be wondered at, that in all ages the absurd and pernicious custom of laying out
the bodies of persons supposed to be dead, as soon as respiration ceases, should have occa-
sioned the premature dissolution of great numbers of the human race." 

14
Bleeding deprives us of the most important point which
it is our object to promote, viz. irritability ; and when symp-
toms of recovery are apparent, if we diminish this power it
will always prove injurious and sometimes fatal. Emetics
will remain in a perfectly inactive state during the suspension
of irritability, and whenever the stomach becomes capable of
being irritated, then they produce their ordinary effects, sick-
ness, debility, and fainting. Blistering and scarifying, upon the
same principles, can have no effect until an excitement be
procured; consequently are useless, and ill timed applications.
Suspending the body by the feet, and every means by
which it is violently agitated, will, in its torpid, and defence-
less state, totally derange the contents of both cavities, and
the pressure of one part upon the other, if there be the small-
est circulation, will totally obstruct it, and produce the very
effect we are endeavouring to escape.
Permit me to veil the subject of physiology and congratu-
late you upon this anniversary of humanity. No splendid
table, nor vain parade of luxury, but the supreme delight of
wearing the insignia of active virtue, induces us to com-
memorate it.
To you, gentlemen, who are the directors of this society,
are we indebted, for its institution, and progress. You have
opened an extensive field for the exertion of benevolent
minds, to effect that, which the wealth of the Indies can never
purchase.
But where is the learned philanthropist, the patron of
science, and the guardian of humanity, who first presided at
your

15
your board*? Although his mortal part is shrouded in the
lap of earth, yet his memory will be indelibly impressed up-
on the humane heart, until the general wreck of nature dis-
solves the records of genius and philanthropy.
The Honourable Gentleman who has so ably filled the
chair since the decease of the illustrious character just men-
tioned, deserves the grateful applauses of every friend to hu-
manity.
May his, with your meritorious exertions, in the ample field
which humanity has consecrated to your researches, be crowned
with success ; and may your reward be an experience of that
heart felt satisfaction, which arises from the consciousness of
having promoted the cause of benevolence, in the most impor-
tant concern of human life : and may your names be held in
veneration, and esteem, when the rigid laws of inexorable
fate, have placed you beyond the reach of the art you pro-
fess.
* Gov. Bowdoin.
Finis.
Erratum.-Page 8, line 16 from top, for it, read the blood. 



AN
APPENDIX,
CONTAINING THE
ACT of INCORPORATION of the HUMANE SOCIETY
of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and the
RULES and REGULATIONS of said Society since their
Incorporation ; with the METHODS of TREAT-
MENT in Cases of APPARENT DEATH, COMMU-
NICATIONS, CATALOGUE of MEMBERS, &c. &c.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
In the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety one.
An Act to incorporate and establish a Society by the name of the HUMANE
SOCIETY of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
WHEREAS it is the duty of government at all times, to countenance and support its ci-
tizens, in their exertions for alleviating the distresses of their fellow-men: And whereas
divers persons have petitioned this Court, for an act of incorporation, whereby they may more
effectually carry into execution, their benevolent designs :
Be it therefore enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assem-
bled, and by the authority of the same, That the Hon. Thomas Russel, Esq. Jonathan
Maj'or, Esq. John Warren, M. D. Rev. Simeon Howard, D. D. Rev. Samuel Parker,
D. D. John Avery, jun. Esq. Rev. John Lathrop, D. D. Rev. Peter Thacher, Rev-
John Clark, Doctor Thomas Welsh, Aaron Dexter, M. D. and Mr. Nathaniel Balck,
together with all those who now are, and such others who shall become members
thereof, be, and they are hereby erected into, and made a body politic corporate
forever, by the name of the Humane Society of the Commonwealth of Massa-
chusetts,
And
C 

18
And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said Corporation are
hereby declared and made capable in law, of having, holding, purchasing and tak-
ing in fee-simple, or any less estate, by gift, grant, devise or otherwise, any lands,
tenements or other estate, real and personal; (provided that the annual income of
said real and personal estate, shall not exceed the sum of four thousand pounds )—
and also to sell, alien, devise or dispose of the same estate, real and personal, not
using the same in trade or commerce.
And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said Corporation shall
have full power and authority to make, have and use a common seal, and the
same to break, alter and renew at pleasure ; that it shall be capa-
pable in law to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered
unto, defend and be defended, in all Courts of record or other Courts or places
whatsoever, in all actions real, personal and mixed, and to do and execute all and
singular other matters and things, that to them shall and may appertain to do.
And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said corporation may
wake, establish and put in execution, such laws and regulations as may be neces-
sary to the government of said Corporation, provided the same shall in no case be
repugnant to the laws and constitution of this state. And for the well governing of the
said Corporation, and the ordering their affairs, they shall have such officers as they
shall hereafter from time to time, elect and appoint; and such officers as shall be
designated by the laws and regulations of the said Corporation for the purpose,
shall be capable of exercising such power for the well governing and ordering the
affairs of the said Corporation, and calling and holding such occasional meet-
ings for that purpose, as shall be fixed and determined by the said laws and regu-
lations.
And be be further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the end and design of the
institution of the said Society, is for the recovery of persons who meet with such acci-
dents as produce in them the appearance of death, and for promoting the cause of hu-
manity, by pursuing such means from time to time, as shall have for their object,
the preservation of human life, and the alleviation of its miseries.
And be it further enabled, That the place where the first meeting of the said Society
shall be held, shall be the town of Boston; and that the Hon. Thomas Russell, Esq.
be and he hereby is authorized and empowered to fix the time for holding the said
meeting, and to notify the same to the members of the said Society, by causing the
same 

19
same to be published in one of the Boston newspapers, fourteen days before the
time fixed on for holding the said meeting.
In the House of Representatives, February 21, 1791.
This Bill, having had three several readings, passed to be enacted.
DAVID COBB, Speaker.
In Senate, February 23, 1791.
This Bill having had two several readings, passed to be enacted.
SAMUEL PHILLIPS, President.
By the Governour,
Approved,JOHN HANCOCK,
Attest,
John Avery, jun, Sec.
The INSTITUTION of the HUMANE SOCIETY of the Com-
mon WEALTH Of MASSACHUSETTS.
FROM a variety of faithful experiments, and incontestable facts, it is now
considered as an established truth, that the total suspension of the vital functions in
the animal body is by no means incompatible with life, and consequently the
marks of apparent death may subsist without any necessary implication of an ab-
solute extinction of the animating principle. The boundary line between life
and death, or the distinguishing signs of the latter, are objects to which the utmost
efforts of the human capacity have never yet attained. Nor can we, with any degree
of certainty, pronounce that an animal is dead, until the most unequivocal proofs
of putrefaction, have been furnished. From these facts it might reasonably be
expected, that were proper measures to be adopted, especially in cases peculiarly
doubtful, we might frequently be enabled to restore to full life, and the enjoy-
ment of it, a beloved friend, or a valuable member of society. And indeed nu-
merous successful instances might be adduced in the cases of persons, who would
in a few hours have been consigned to an untimely grave, and perhaps have Of-
fered all the horrors of inevitable death, attended with a consciousness of their
own terrible situation. It is not, however, to be understood, that any process di-
rected to the above mentioned purpose can be equally applicable to all cases :
for as the attempt must presuppose an entire state of the vital organs, it is obvious
that those apparent deaths which are consequent upon disease afford in gen-
reral little or no encouragement for such attempts. But in most cases of sudden 
death,

20
death, the vital organs appear to have sustained but a very slight injury, and only
require a seasonable excitement of the heart to renew their action.
THE exquisite feelings attendant on the unexpected restoration of an affection-
ate friend, or an indulgent parent, a dutiful child, or an intimate companion of
our bosoms, after having been suddenly torn from us, and, in imagination, num-
bered with the dead, may be more easily conceived than described, nor is the ac-
quisition of one deserving member of society an object unworthy the public at-
tention.
Upon these considerations Societies have been formed in various parts of Eu-
rope, for promoting attempts to recover persons from apparent death, especially in
cases of suffocation and drownings The Humane Society established in Great
Britain, in 1770, has been very successful within ten years from its institution,
but of 1304 persons appearently dead, from drowning, 790 have been restored to
their friends and country : Many of them, no doubt, useful and valuable men.
For an institution of this nature a considerable fund is necessary, and many oc-
casional expenses will unavoidably occur. The cause of humanity, however, deserves
every encouragement. And to promote that cause it is to be hoped the benevolent will
liberally subscribe. For these salutary purposes the Legislature of this Common-
wealth, by their act passed the last session, have been pleased to incorporate a So-
ciety, by the name of the Humane Society of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
with ample powers; and the following regulations and arrangements are submitted,
by the society, to the inspection of the public.
RULES for the regulation of the HUMANE SOCIETY of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts, instituted in the Town of Boston, for the re-
covery of persons, who meet with such accidents as produce in them the ap-
pearance of death, and for promoting the cause of humanity, by pursuing such
means, from time to time, as shall have for their object the preservation of hu-
man life, and the alleviation of its miseries.
I.
That the officers of the society shall consist of a number of Trustees, not ex-
ceeding twelve, of whom one shall be President, two Vice Presidents one Trea-
surer, one Recording Secretary and one Corresponding Secretary.
II.
That the society shall meet twice every year, viz. on the second Tuesday in
December, and the second Tuesday in June ; but that the President, with the ad-
vice 

21
vice of the Trustees, shall be empowered to call a meeting wherever the business
of the society shall require it.
III.
That the President and Trustees shall be annually elected, by ballot, on the
second Tuesday in December.
IV.
That the Recording Secretary shall keep a fair copy of all the votes and pro-
ceedings of the society, and record all such cases and communications as the Trus-
tees shall direct.
V.
That the Corresponding Secretary shall write all letters relating to the business
of the society, and shall write answers to all such letters as the society shall
receive, they being previously communicated to the President and Trustees as-
sembled.
VI.
That the President and Trustees, a major part of whom shall constitute a quo-
rum, shall, during the vacation between the semiannual meetings of the society, have
the care and management of the concerns and funds of the society, regulate the
mode of receiving the annual subscriptions, adjudge the premiums due agreeable
to the rules of the society, and no monies shall be paid by the Treasurer without
their order, signed by the President, or, in his absence, by the Vice President.
VII.
All property belonging to the society, whether by donation, or otherwise, shall
be held in the name of the society, and remain in the hands of the Treasurer, and
in case of his death be delivered to the President, until a new Treasurer shall be
chosen.
VIII.
That any person, desirous to become a member of this society, shall be nomi-
nated by a member of the same, to the Trustees, a majority of whom shall deter-
mine his election.
IX.
Each member shall annually pay into the hands of the Treasurer a sum not
less than six shillings and eight pence, and any person refusing to pay for three years
successively 

22
successively said sum, or his subscription, shall no longer be considered as a mem-
ber of the society, and his name shall be erased from the catalogue.
X.
THAT a catalogue of the members, with the sums they annually contribute,
with the rules of the society, shall once in three years be published, and distribut-
ed among the members ; together with an account of all donations received dur-
ing said term, and such other papers as the Trustees shall think proper.
XI.
That such gentlemen of the faculty, as shall engage to afford their assistance to-
wards promoting the views of the society, shall do it gratis.
XII.
That when any accident shall happen, producing apparent death, the person
who shall first discover, and endeavour to recover the subject, shall be entitled to
receive a sum not exceeding three pounds, nor less than six shillings lawful money, to
be paid in such manner as the Trustees shall think best.
XIII.
That the Trustees be empowered to make such compensations as they shall think
proper, to anyone, who shall receive into his house the body of a person appar-
ently dead, with a view that means may be used for his recovery.
XIV.
That any person who shall, by a singular exertion, save another from death,
shall receive a sum not exceeding three pounds lawful money, to be paid in such
manner as the trustes shall think proper.
XV.
That the Trustees shall appoint some person to deliver a public discourse on the
second Tuesday of June every year, upon some subject connected with the prin-
cipal objects of this society, and that there be a collection, for the benefit of the
Society, upon that day.
XVI.
That the Treasurer, annually exhibit his accounts to the Society, and whenso-
ever the funds of the said soeiety will admit of a compensation for his services,
that he give bonds to the society for the faithful performance of his trust.
XVII. 

23
XVII.
The President and Trustees may, at their discretion, at any monthly meeting,
admit such persons as honorary members of this Society, as will in their opinion,
have a tendency to add respectability to the society, or be the means of promot-
ing its benevolent intentions, provided, that such persons are not inhabitants of
this Commonwealth, and the votes of three fourths of the Trustees are in favour
of such admission ; any thing in the ninth article to the contrary notwithstand-
ing.
METHODS 0F TREATMENT to be used with Persons appa-
rently Dead from Drowning.
THOUGH the following methods are chiefly adapted to cases of apparent death
from drowning, yet the Society think it proper to observe, that most of the means
of restoration herein recommended are applicable to a considerable variety of
other cases, such as hanging, convulsion fits, suffocation by damps, or noxious
vapours, the confined air of wells, cisterns, caves, or the must of fermenting
liquors.—The Society have in some of the more essential articles of treatment,
followed the recommendations of Foreign Societies of a similar nature ; they
have however endeavoured to render them more conformable to the particular
circumstances of this country.
I.
THE unfortunate person is to be conveyed carefully to the nearest house: For
this purpose the head is to be raised a little, as in bed, and the body should be
carried in a natural and easy posture.
II.
The subject is to be immediately stripped, and laid on a warm bed, and the
skin well dried with heated flannels, the mud and froth to be removed from the
mouth and nostrils ; if the body was naked at the time of the accident, it is then
to be surrounded as expeditiously as possible with a hot blanket, and thoroughly
dried with coarse cloths or flannels.
III.
The smoke of tobacco thrown up the fundament should be ranked among the
earliest applications : If a fumigator should not be at hand, the common pipe*
will
* When the common pipe is used the smoke is to be blown with the mouth from the bowl, through the
stem, into the fundament, covering the bowl with a handkerchief, or thin piece of linen. 

24
will answer the purpose of applying this vapour to the bowels. So easy and
important an operation should be repeatedly performed, as the good effects of
tobacco smoke have been proved in many cases.
IV.
The skin is to be gently rubbed with warm woolen cloths, and a warming pan
heated (the body being surrounded with flannel) may lightly be moved up and
down the back for a considerable time. Wooden bottles filled with hot water,
&c. or heated bricks, covered with flannel, may be efficaciously applied to the soles
of the feet, palms of the hands, and other parts of the body.
V.
If a child has been drowned, its body should be wiped perfectly dry, and im-
mediately placed in bed between two persons of good constitution ; the salutary
effects of the natural vital warmth have been clearly proved in a variety of suc-
cessful cases,
VI.
The body is to be rubbed with flannels, sprinkled with spirits, and fomenta-
tions of hot rum are to be applied to the breast, &c. and often renewed. The
nostrils may be every now and then tickled with a feather : snuff and volatiles
should be occasionally made use of, to excite sneezing if possible. The various
means of recovery should be made use of by the assistants for several hours ; the
body is to be gently shaken every ten minutes, in order to render the process
more certainly successful ; and the bodies of children in particular are to be agi-
tated, by taking hold of their arms and legs frequently, and for a continuance of
time. In a variety of instances agitation, in conjunction with the methods laid
down, has forwarded the recovery of boys who had been drowned, and continu-
ed for a considerable time apparently dead.
VII.
If there be any signs of returning life, such as sighing, gasping, convulsive mo-
tions, pulsation or a natural warmth, a spoonful of any warm liquid may be ad-
administred ; and if it proves that the power of swallowing is returned, then a
cordial draught may be given in small quantities, but not without the direction of
a physician
VIII.
When the air is very cold or moist, the various methods of treatment are to be
made use of near a large fire, or in a heated apartment. On the other hand, if the
weather 

25
weather is warm, or sultry (as in the summer season) the windows and doors of the
room should be opened ; and in every other possible way, a cool refreshing air ob-
tained ; as it is of the greatest importance in bringing forward the latent spark of
life, or in restoring natural breathing.
IX.
No persons are to be admitted into the room, but those who are actually em-
ployed in exerting their utmost endeavours for the recovery of the unfortunate ;
six persons are, therefore, the greatest number that can ever prove useful on such
occasions ; and those who are bystanders, for the sake of curiosity, should be re-
quested to withdraw, as their presence may retard, or totally prevent the restora-
tion.
Bleeding is never to be employed in such cases, unless by the direction of one of the medi-
cal assistants, or some other respectable gentleman of the faculty, who has paid attention to
such unfortunate accidents.
The methods which have been so fully recommended, are to be made use of
with vigour for several hours, although no favourable circumstances should arise;
for it is a vulgar and dangerous opinion, to suppose that persons are irrecoverable,
because life does not soon make its appearance ; and upon this opinion, an im-
mense number of the seemingly dead, have been committed to the grave; who
might have been restored to life, by resolution and perseverance in the plans of
treatment now recommended.
The SOCIETY have received the following COMMUNI-
CATIONS, since their last publication.
Dr. Wilkins's Letter to the Humane Society.
Gentlemen,
PERMIT me to lay before you the following remarkable case, as a token of
my high respect and esteem for your benevolent institution.
John Moulton, of eighteen years of age, attended the fulling mill business
in Stratham in the state of Newhampshire. He went down to the mill on the
morning of the 28th of September, 1789, in order to put the works in motion,
which he effected by elevating a water gate. There being a great head of water
at
D

26
at that time, the wheel was carried round with rapidity. He had occasion to
cleanse a basket, in which was designed to shave fustick ; and accordingly went
to the sluice way before the wheel, and put the basket in, so that the water sud-
denly filling its cavity, pulled him forward with such violence, that he could not
recover the equilibrium of his body : He found himself falling, and extending
his arm for relief, the first object it met with, was one of the floats, which whirled
him under the wheel in a moment. One of the floats catched him between the
os illium and short ribs, and wedged him under so fast, that the wheel was stopped,
while the element of water overflowed, and surrounded him on either hand. In
this situation he continued, 'till the proprietor of the mill (Major Barker) return-
ing from the south part of the town, went down as usual to attend his business :
He immediately observed that the wheel was still, while the gate was up at its
full height, and the water rushing upon it with the greatest velocity : He search-
ed for the cause ; but found none, 'till with difficulty having shut the gate near
half way, and looking under the wheel, he saw the young man's leg lying over
the sluice board : He flew to his relief; but could not help him by reason of the
pressure of the water, and weight of the wheel. He then went aloft, and cried
aloud for help ; when one Simon Pottle, hearing the voice as he was passing that
way, afforded his assistance, but in vain. Finding more help necessary, said Pot-
tle went to the distance of forty, or fifty rods, and procured two men, viz. David
Barker, and Caleb Wiggins, who taking with them levers and axes, went down,
cut away, pryed the wheel up, and took the young man out: They examined,
and found him breathless, cold and contrasted. While they were endeavouring
to effect his relief from the weight and wheel, I was sent for in great haste, and
arrived there before they had taken off his wet clothes : He was carried into a
spacious room, laid on a bed, and placed in a convenient posture for exami-
nation. There was a total privation of respiration, and a stagnation of the blood,
and, as far as we could observe, the heart lay dormant. All the vital organs were
motionless, with an extreme muscular rigidity and coldness. I was resolved to try
the methods prescribed, and recommended by the Humane Society at Boston, for
recovering drowned persons ; being of the opinion, that he was in a state of suf-
focation. He was accordingly laid in an horizontal position, and sometimes gently
turned upon his sides : Frictions were used, and his naked body covered with
warm flannels frequently applied ; volatiles and camphorated spirits, were applied
to the spine of his back, and temporal muscles, with injections of tobacco smoke.
These operations were continued one hour and a quarter, when there appeared a
visible glow on his face ; a tremor soon pervaded his whole system, which was
followed by tremendous groans and spasms for twenty minutes : When his blood
began to circulate, phlebotomy was performed, and medicines given agreeable to
the 

27
the indications of the case. In three hours he so far recovered as to be able to
give an account of his falling into the water. I saw him on the 24th July, 1790,
then he enjoyed fine health, and pursued his business with ease and alacrity.
It was the united opinion of a number of judicious persons, that Moulton lay
Under the water and wheel, one hour, at a moderate computation. One circum-
cumstance in support of their opinion was ; that the young man's hat, which un-
doubtedly fell from his head, when he was caught under the wheel, was taken
up several rods from the mill by a man passing over the stream: Who not think-
ing that there was any body in the mill, in distress, went on, and by estimation,
must have been gone at least one hour before his return, which was before I be-
gan my operations.
I subscribe myself, Gentlemen, in bonds of the highest esteem and veneration,
Your most obedient,
Very humble servant,
WILLIAM WILKINS,
Billerica, September 27th, 1790.
Dr. Bartlett's Letter to Dr. John Warren.
Roxbury, November, 1790.
Dear Doctor,
THE importance, which the communication of our efforts to restore the prin-
ciples of departed animation is to the community,ought to induce every one who shall
be the means of snatching a single victim from the grave, to offer to your Humane and
Benevolent Society the method by which it was effected. If the following process, which
proved successful in continuing the animal functions; which seemed ready to take their
flight after having been brought into action, shall merit your approbation and that
of humanity, I shall be gratified by the addition made to your treasure of cases.
On Friday the 12th inst. the daughter of Mr. John Howe of Brookline by ac-
cident fell into a pit filled with stagnant and very putrid water ; she had lain
there betwixt two and three minutes. When discovered, she was motionless, with
her face totally under water. Upon taking her up, signs of life were evident on-
ly in the muscles of respiration, and a small movement of the lips. The family
stripped and rolled her on a table with salt ; during which operation life for a
minute appeared entirely to absent itself; but upon discharging a spoonful of very 
filthy

28
filthy water from her mouth, she recovered a small degree of relief. A neighbour-
ing surgeon was called, who ordered her in hot flannel, and constant friction.
I was then sent for, and visited the child. She had been out of water forty min-
utes. I found her in the most extreme apparent distress that was possible to be
borne, probably arising from the very acrid state of the water, in which she had been
immersed. I directed glisters, consisting of an infusion of tobacco and castor oil-
immediately to be given ; a large poultice of warm onions applied over the whole
extent of the stomach and bowels, stimulating poultices to the soles of the feet,
continued friction, and as soon as the spasms upon the lungs and throat, were so
quieted, that she was capable of swallowing, repeated doses of tartar emetic ; all
which were for the purpose of adding force and vigour to the vessels, that they
might be enabled to unload the crowded lungs ; a frequent repetition of glitters
procured a plentiful discharge from the bowels; the bladder emptied its contents ;
and a copious perspiration took place ; which evacuations gave her very evident
relief, although there was yet no appearance of sense. She lay without alteration
from her present state three hours, when a dose of ipecac, was given, and the sto-
mack and bowels threw forth their food totally unaltered from the state they
received it. (This shewed an entire suspension of the digestive, as well as sensitive
faculties.) After these discharges she gained her senses in part, though not com-
pletely till morning, which was fifteen hours from the time I first saw her, when
she awoke, and has since continued perfectly well.
JOHN BARTLETT.
Dr. John Warren.
Dr. Leonard Williams's Letter to the Rev. Dr. Parker,
REVEREND SIR,
AGREEABLE to your request, I send you an account of an unsuccessful
attempt to recover a drowned person. I have made a very careful enquiry what
methods were tried previous to my seeing the body, and am fully convinced they
were as I represent.
The unfortunate person was a young man of twenty one years of age, very
corpulent for so young a person.
THE

29
The body, by those who found it, was supposed to have been in the water
about ten minutes ; but I am of opinion it was much longer*.
When the body was taken out, the fingers were stiff and opened with difficulty,
the lips swelled and of a dark purple colour, the tongue protruded out of the mouth
about an inch and an half; there had been a very copious discharge from the
bowels†.
THE methods that were taken to restore animation, were as follows : The body was
first rubbed with salt and vinegar; a shirt was taken off a person then present and put
Upon it. It was then rolled on a barrel several times, but not more than a min-
use at a time; a quantity of water was discharged from the mouth and nose ; at
first it was clear, but afterwards of a yellowish colour ; in about half an hour, the
body was conveyed to the nearest house, at about fifty rods distance ; it was then put
into a warm bed, covered and rubbed with warm woollen cloths. In about an
hour Mr. Starr, a young gentleman who studies with Doctor Spring, was there ;
with a common smoking pipe he threw up the fundament the smoke of tobacco,
endeavoured to bleed him in the arm ; it bled very little, and continued rubbing
with warm cloths. In about, but suppose rather exceeding, two hours, I was present;
I endeavoured to inflate the lungs, by blowing into the mouth, and at the same
time compressing the nose, and raised the thorax divers times. I had the shirt
taken off, which was a little damp; a healthy person, undressed himself, got
into bed and clasped the body in his arms for half an hour‡. Warm cloths were
continued to his back, and rubbing at the same time. Tobacco smoke was often
thrown
*The reasons by which I form my Judgment, as to the time, are the following : He was drowned in
small mill pond, I suppose nut more than five or six rods square ; after he had sunk in the water, a per-
son who was standing on the dam, ran in a very difficult way about two rods, and raised the gate, and
returned to the dam ; then being desired by another person, who was in the pond, to shut the gate, he
went back and shut it, and again returned to the dam ; after that went back, again and raised the gate a second
time, and then called for help ; two persons, who were about fifty rods distance, ran as fast as possible,
and plunged into the water with their clothes on ; after wading round the pond and diving for the body,
hot being able to find the same, another person who had just came up, ran to the mill, at about four rods
distance, to get a crowbar to knock the plank off the dam ; not finding one, on his return, he took up.
piece of timber for said purpose, and fell down with it, got up and carried the piece of timber to the dam,
and knocked off three or four planks ; and after the water was drawn off, the body was found ; which I
am very positive Could not be done in ten minutes, and am very doubtful whether in twenty.
† The body was raised out of the water, by taking it round the abdomen ; a large quantity of feces
were on the body, and on the clothes of the person who took it out, therefore it is very probable that
they were discharged after it was raised from the bottom, whether before or immediately after it came
out of the water, I am not determined.
‡ The person who had the body then in his arms was so faint, I did not think it proper for him to con-
tinue longer in bed. 

30
thrown up. The head was kept raised a little more than persons generally are
when in bed ; and the body was turned and gently shook, several times ; the same
was in a fine large room, the windows open, and no more admitted than were
necessary ; it was continued four hours and an half, no signs of animation appear-
ing, but the body becoming cold and the muscles rigid, we discontinued the
same. I am, with the utmost respect,
Your most obedient,
And humble servant,
LEONARD WILLIAMS.
Waltham, June 3d, 1791. 
THE Trustees return their thanks to the above Gentlemen, for their respec-
tive Communications ; also to Dr. Moses Willard, of Worcester, for his inge-
nious letter, upon the use of electricity as a means of resuscitation ; and
to Thomas Bulfinch, M. D. for his letter, upon the method formerly used by
the Indians, in recovering their friends from drowning.
DONATIONS.
The TRUSTEES return their thanks to the following Gentlemen, for
their respective DONATIONS, the receipt of which they hereby ac-
knowledge.
£. s. d.
1788
NOV. 
FROM Capt. John Caleb, of the island of St. Christophers,
by the hands of Rev. Dr. Parker. - 1 16 0
From the same gentleman, in 1790, by the hands of the President, 2 8 0
1790 
Jan.
From Hon. George Cabot, Esq. Beverly, - 1 8 0
Dec. 
From the same gentleman, - 1 8 0
1791 
July 
From the Hon. Thomas Russell, Esq. President of this society,
consolidated notes of this Commonwealth, to the amount of 311 6 6
Sept. 
Also a neat seal for the society, engraven on silver,
From John Lane, Esq. London, two elegant prints, represent-
ing the restoration of a young man to life, who had been drown-
ed, &c.
1792
June 
From the Hon. Judge Sever, of Kingston 2 8 0
July 
From Thomas Dickason, Merchant, Boston, 6 0 0
PREMIUMS

31
PREMIUMS adjudged by the TRUSTEES.
THE Trustees, with great pleasure, announce to the public, the exertions
of such of their fellow citizens, as have been instrumental in saving from death,
a number of persons, who must otherwise inevitably have perished ; and as a re-
ward, for such exertions, the following Premiums have been adjudged, since Ju-
ly, 1789.
1789 
July 
To William Wells, and Nathaniel Nollage, for a signal exer-
tion, in saving a child of Mr. Thomas Richardson, from drown-
ing, - 1 8 0
Sept. 
To Ephraim Wheeler, for saving a child of James Evans, 0 12 0
Oct. 
To Samuel Gondendi, John Miller, and others, for saving, from
drowning, Mr. Addington's child, - 1 8 0
To Lieut. Scott, of his Most Christian Majesty's ship the Leo-
pard, for risking his life, in jumping from the stern of said ship,
then in the harbour of Boston, and saving the life of a young
lad, &c, a gold medal, - 2 12 8
Nov. 
To John Hutchinson, jun. for saving a child of Mrs. Johnson
from drowning, - 1 4 0
1790 
June 
To Jupiter Whey, for saving a child of Boston Smith, 0 12 0
July 
To James Fanning, for saving a son of John Badger, - 0 18 0
To Samuel Sloan, for saving Charles Brigham, from drowning, 0 12 0
Aug. 
To David Ramsdell, for saving a son of Col. Popham, 0 12 0
Oct. 
To Mr. Goffe, for receiving into his house, for the purpose of
using the means of resuscitation, the body of Mr. Davis, who
fell from the stern of a ship, at the Governour's wharf, and
was drowned, when this act of kindness was refused at his own
lodgings : The thanks of the Trustees, and a premium of 3 0 0
1791 
Jan. 
To Jeremy Belnap, for bringing the first intelligence to the
physicians, of a Negro being apparently dead, by frost, on the
Long Wharf, - 0 9 0
March 
To Thomas Blackmore, for saving Charles Hodges, from drowning, 0 12 0
To Daniel Grover and Sylvanus Dunham, for saving from drown-
ing Mycal Doagles, who had fallen through the ice, near the
channel, West-Boston, - 1 4 0
May. 
To Philip Richardson, for saving Sylvester Coles. - 0 18 0
June. 
To Monsieur Julien Jean Durotoir, for saving the lives of Daniel
Pierce

23
1791. Pierce, and three other men, who were shipwrecked near Nan-
tucket Shoals, in December last, a gold medal. - 3 0 0
To Sylvanus Hill, for saving a child of Isaiah Doane from
drowning, near Col, Hatch's Wharf. - 0 18 0
July 
To John Smith, for saving the life of a person belonging to the
castle, - 0 18 0
Aug. 
To John Snelling, for preserving the life of a Frenchman. 0 12 0
Sept. 
To Matthew Fanning, for saving Bartholomew Tuckerman, from
drowning. - 0 9 0
1792. 
Feb. 
To John Trench, for saving from drowning, Samuel Hunt. 1 4 0
April 
To John and Thomas Burgess, keepers of the light house, at the
Gurnet, for their exertions in saving the lives of two of the un-
fortunate crew, of the ship Columbia, wrecked on Duxbury
Beach. - 3 0 0
June 
To Benjamin Buckman, for saving the life of Richard Roberts, 1 4 0
To John Andrews, of Dorchester, for taking up and interring
the body of Waterford, a Negro man, &c. - 0 12 0
July 
To John Cary, for saving a child of Samuel Gain, who had fall-
en into the mill creek, - 1 4 0
To Joseph Oliver, for saving a child of Ebenezer Mountford 0 18 0
To James Brewer, for saving the life of an unfortunate woman,
near Griffin's wharf, - 0 18 0
A LETTER from the PRESIDENT of the NATIONAL
ASSEMBLY of France.
At the Semiannual Meeting of the SOCIETY on the second Tuesday in June, 1792, the
following LETTER, from the President of the National Assembly of
France, was communicated by M. de l' Etombe, their Consul.
Paris, November 24th, 1791.
THE National Assembly, to whom I have imparted the letter which you
directed to me, has given deserved applause to the behaviour of M. Durutour,
and has desired me to testify to him their satisfaction thereupon, and to forward
to him the honourable medal, which has been decreed for him by the Humane
Society of Massachusetts,
THE

33
The National Assembly, at the same time, directed me to write to you, and to
express how sensible they are to the earnest care taken by that Society to reward,
in so flattering a manner, a French citizen. The happy revolution which has
been effected in this empire, will draw more closely those ties which had al-
ready united the American and French nations : Thus linked together, in spite
of the distance which separates them, they will have but one and the same spirit,
and will be in no competition but in those virtues, which the love of liberty and
patriotism inspire. The whole world will be solicitous to pay a just homage to
the benevolent citizens, who, impelled by the generous ardour of rendering them-
selves useful to their fellow men, have formed an association under the sublime ti-
tle of the Humane Society of Massachusetts—-instituted to relieve the un-
fortunate, and to reward those who imitate its noble intention.
The Representatives of the French nation, do solemnly undertake, in the name
of their constituents, the same engagement; and the whole nation, free hereafter
from the yoke which restrained its native benevolence, will form one philanthropic
society which will keep up, with that of Massachusetts, a happy intercourse of
virtues and fraternal regard, which no other interests will ever be able to inter-
rupt. This is the vote of the National Assembly, and you, Sir, are requested, by
them, to communicate these sentiments to the Humane Society of Massachusetts.
The President of the National Assembly.
(Signed)
GRENOT VAUBLANC.
To this, the following ANSWER was signed by the President of the So-
ciety, and sent to M. de l'Etombe.
SIR
I AM directed by the Humane Society of Massachusetts, to which you have
communicated a letter, addressed to you, by the President of the National Assem-
bly of France, to express the great satisfaction, which this Society derives from the
attention paid to their institution, by that august Assembly.
The circumstance, giving occasion to this pleasing intercourse, was a striking
act humanity flowing eminently from the feelings of a French citizen, and has
happily afforded us the means of impression the French nation favorably, towards
our infant institution.
E CIVIL

34
Civil liberty takes its root in philanthropy, and will always produce institu-
tions favourable to humanity, and to all the social virtues. From the pro-
gress of that freedom, which the revolution effected in your country, is calculated
to produce, the most useful institutions may be expected.
The Humane Society of Massachusetts, anticipates, with the highest sensations
of joy, a reciprocation of friendship, with similar societies in that country : In-
deed the world is convinced, that a nation, which has made the happiness of the
whole human race, the basis of its civil constitution, cannot fail to exert all its
powers in the completion of the glorious plan.
The Society is extending its aids to relieve the unfortunate, and the distressed ;
but we contemplate with inexpressible delight, the elevated principles exhibited
by the French nation, necessarily tending to prevent those horrid calamities,
which have too often ensanguined the soil of Europe. We behold, with rapture,
the French and the American nations, inspired with the same ardour for human
happiness—and feeling the most intimate alliance with Frenchmen, we will on-
ly try to emulate them, in the glorious work of restoring the whole world to the
situation of one great family, dwelling in peace, liberty, and safety.
The Secretary of the Society will deliver you a number of tracts, containing
our Constitution, our Rules, and some of our Transactions ; if you
can make them acceptable to the eminent citizen, who presides in the
National Assembly of France, you will, as one of our members, render us the
most essential service—-you will be pleased to assure him, that the polite
attention, which we have received from that Assembly, gives fresh vigor to the spi-
rit of our association, and adds new force to the exertions of the society.
Impelled by the most exalted feelings of liberty and gratitude, the Americans
have embraced the French as their brothers ; and as both nations breathe the
same spirit of patriotism and humanity, the cement of their affections can never
yeild to any adverse occurrence, or even to time itself,
I have the honour to be, in the name and on behalf of the Humane Society
of Massachusetts,
Your most obedient,
and Very humble servant,
THOMAS RUSSELL. President.
Boston, June 14, 1792. 
CATALOGUE

35
CATALOGUE of the MEMBERS of the HUMANE SOCIETY.
A.
JEREMIAH ALLEN, Esq.
Mr. Thomas Amory, London.
Mr. Jonathan Amory, tertius.
John Andrews, Esq.
Mr. John Apthorpe, London.
Mr. Azor G. Archbald, Concord.
Mr. Phineas Ashmun, Stockbridge.
Dr. Israel Atherton, Lancaster.
Rev. Noah Atwater, Westfield.
John Avery, jun. Esq.
James Avery, Esq. Machias.
Jonathan L. Austin, Esq.
Hon. Benjamin Austin, jun. Esq.
B.
Nathaniel Balch, Esq.
Loammi Baldwin, Esq. Woburn.
Mr. Luke Baldwin.
Joseph Barrell, Esq. 20s.
Dr. Joshua Barker, Hingham.
Rev. Thomas Barnard, Salem.
Samuel Barrett, Esq.
Mr. John Barrett.
Dr. Josiah Bartlett, Charlestown.
Dr. John Bartlett, Roxbury.
Mr. George Bartlett, Charlestown.
Mr. Thomas Bartlett.
Hon. William Baylies, Esq. Dighton.
Major William Bell.
Rev. Jeremy Belknap.
Mr. Nathaniel Bethune.
Samuel Blodget, Esq. Haverhill.
Mr. Nathan Bond.
Mr. Kirk Boot.
Mrs. Elizabeth Bowdoin, 30s.
James Bowdoin, Esq.
John Boyle, Esq.
Samuel Bradford, Esq.
Mr. John Bray.
Samuel Breck, Esq. 20s.
Mr. Oliver Brewster.
Rev. Josiah Bridge, East-Sudbury.
Hon. Ebenezer Bridge, Esq. Chelmsford.
Martin Brimmer, Esq. Roxbury.
Henry Bromfield, Esq. Harvard.
Mrs. Martha Brown.
Mr. William Brown.
Mr. Josiah Brown.
Moses Bullen, Esq. Medfield.
Mr. Jeremiah Bumstead, jun.
C.
Hon. George Cabot, Esq. Beverly.
Benjamin Clarke, Esq.
Rev. John Clarke.
Mr. William Cleland.
Hon. David Cobb, Esq. Taunton.
John Codman, Esq.
Mr. Michael Collins, Wellfleet.
John Collins, jun. Esq. Newport.
Samuel Cooper, Esq.
Joseph Cordis, Esq. Charlestown.
Capt. Nathaniel Curtis,
Mr. Thomas Curtis.
Hon. William Cushing, Esq. Scituate, 18s.
Thomas Cushing, Esq.
Mr. Edward Cushing.
Mr.

36
Mr. Benjamin C. Cutler.
Mr. James Cutler.
D.
Hon. Francis Dana, Esq, Cambridge, 20s.
Mr. William Dall.
Mr. Peter Roe Dalton,
Mr. Isaac Davenport.
Hon. Caleb Davis, Esq.
Amasa Davis, Esq.
Robert Davis, Esq.
Hon. Thomas Davis, Esq,
John Davis, Esq. Plymouth.
Mr. Joshua Davis, jun.
Hon. Thomas Dawes, jun. Esq.
Mr. Gilbert Deblois.
Mr. John Deming.
Richard Devens, Esq. Charlestown.
Mr. John Deverell.
Hon. Samuel Dexter, Esq. Weston, 13s4.
Aaron Dexter, M. D.
Mr. Thomas Dickason,
William Donnison, Esq,
Mr. Ebenezer Dorr.
Capt. Samuel Dunn.
E.
Rev. Joseph Eckley.
Samuel Eliot, Esq. 20s. 
Mr. Simon Elliot.
Justin Ely, Esq. West-Springfield.
Mr. Thomas English,
Mr. John Erving.
Sieur de 1'Etombe, 24s.
Rev. Oliver Everett.
Mr. Jacob Eustis.
F.
Thomas Farrington, Esq.
Mr. Nathaniel Fellows.
Mr. Thomas Fleet, jun.
Dwight Foster, Esq. Brookfield.
Mr. Bossenger Foster, Cambridge.
Mr. William Foster.
Mr. Ebenezer Foster.
Mr. Joseph Fosdick.
Hon. Samuel Fowler, Esq. Westfield.
Mr. Jonathan Freeman.
Rev. James Freeman.
G.
Rev. John Sylvester John Gardner.
Capt. Lemuel Gardner.
Hon. Elbridge Gerry, Esq. Cambridge.
Hon. Moses Gill, Esq. Princeton,.
John Gore, Esq.
Mr, Samuel Gore.
Mr. Stephen Gorham.
Mr. Benjamin Gray.
Edward Gray, Esq.
Mr. William Gray.
Capt. John Gray.
Mr. Joseph Greene.
Col. Peter Greene,
Joseph Greenleaf, Esq.
Enoch Greenleaf, Esq. Weston,
Daniel Greenleaf, Esq.
Mr. John Greenleaf.
Mr. Thomas Greenleaf.
David Greenough, Esq. Roxbury.
H.
Excellency John Hancock, Esq. 30s
Mr. Joseph Hall.
Capt. Ebenezer Hall, Medford.
Mr. Nathaniel Hall.
Joseph Hall, jun. Esq.
Mr. John Harback.
Mr. William Harris.
Dr. Lemuel Hay ward.
Mr. Moses M. Hayes.
Samuel 

37
Samuel Henshaw, Esq. Northampton.
Stephen Higginson, Esq.
Henry Hill, Esq.
Benjamin Hitchborn, Esq.
Mr. Thomas Hitchborn.
Alexander Hodgdon, Esq.
Hon. Samuel Holten, Esq. Danvers,
Rev. Simeon Howard, D. D.
Mr. Joseph Hurd, Charlestown.
Mr. Samuel Hunt.
J.
Jonathan Jackson, Esq. Newburyport.
Henry Jackson, Esq.
Leonard Jarvis, Esq.
Patrick Jeffrey, Esq. £3.
Mr. John Jenks, Salem.
John Coffin Jones, Esq.
Stephen Jones, Esq. Machias.
Mr. Thomas Kilby Jones.
Dr. John Joy.
K.
Mr. Josiah Knapp.
Mr. John Kneeland,
Mr. Thomas Knox.
L.
Mr. William Lambert, Roxbury.
Rev. John Lathrop, D. D.
Thomas Lee, Esq. Cambridge, 20s.
Hon. Benjamin Lincoln, Esq.
Mr. William Little.
Dr. James Lloyd.
Isaac Lothrop, Esq. Plymouth.
Hon. John Lowell, Esq.
Mr. John Lowell.
John Lucas, Esq.
Hon. Samuel Lyman, Esq. Springfield.
M.
Mr. Edward McLane.
Mr. John McLean.
Jonathan Mason, Esq. 20s.
Jonathan Mason, jun. Esq,
Mr. Joseph May.
Mr. Ephraim May.
Hon. George R. Minot, Esq.
Rev. Jedidiah Morse, Charlestown.
Rev. John Murray, Gloucester.
N.
Hon. Timothy Newell, Esq. Stur-
bridge.
Mr. Henry Newman.
O.
Rev. Thomas F. Oliver, Marblehead.
Mr. Andrew Oliver.
P.
Hon. Robert Treat Paine, Esq,
Mr. William Paine.
Rev. Samuel Parker, D. D.
Mr. John Parker.
Mr. Samuel Parkman.
Mr. Joseph Pierce.
Mr. Thomas H. Perkins,
Mr, Thomas Perkins.
Mr. William Perkins, jun.
Hon. William Phillips, Esq,
William Phillips, jun. Esq.
Mr. Joshua Pico.
Mr. Robert Pope.
Mr. Joseph Pope.
William Powell, Esq.
Mr. William Pratt.
Mr. Henry Prentiss.
Rev. Thomas Prentiss, Medfield.
Dr. Cephas Prentice, East-Sudbury.
Ezekiel Price, Esq.
Edward Proctor, Esq.
William Pynchon, Esq. Springfield.
Mr. 

38
R.
Mr. Sampson Reed.
Col. Paul Revere.
John Rice, Esq.
Rev. Chandler Robbins, Plymouth.
Mr. Thomas Robinson, Portland.
Hon. Thomas Russell, Esq. 48s.
Mr. Joseph Russell.
S.
Mr. Samuel Salisbury.
Dr. Erastus Sargeant, Stockbridge.
Daniel Sargent, Esq.
Mr. Daniel Sargent, jun.
William Scollay, Esq.
Mr. William Selby.
Hon. William Sever, Esq. Kingston.
Wiliam Sever, Esq. Worcester.
Hon. David Sewall, Esq. York.
Samuel Sewall, Esq. Marblehead.
Mr. William Shattuck.
Hon. William Shepard, Esq. Westfield.
Mr. Abel Sherman.
Mr. Elisha Sigourney.
Mr. Nathaniel Skinner.
Dr. Oliver Smith.
Mr. William Smith.
Capt. Isaac Smith, Malden.
Capt. Stephen Smith, Machias.
Abiel Smith, Esq.
Capt. Nehemiah Somes.
Mr. David Spear.
Dr. William Spooner.
John Sprague, Esq. Lancaster.
William Stedman, Esq. Lancaster.
Rev. Samuel Stillman, D. D.
Dr. Charles Stockbridge, Scituate.
Mr. Russel Sturgjs.
Hon. James Sullivan, Esq. 12s.
John Sweetzer, Esq.
T.
Mr. John Templeman.
Rev. Peter Thacher, D. D.
Dr. Thomas Thaxter, Hingham.
Mr. Joshua Thomas.
Isaiah Tiffany, Esq. West Stockbridge.
Dr. David Townsend.
Mr. Isaac Townsend.
Mr. Edward Tuckerman.
William Tudor, Esq.
V.
Charles Vaughan, Esq.
Mr. John Vinal.
W.
Ebenezer Wales, Esq. Dorchester.
Mr. Ephraim Wales.
Col. Joseph Ward.
Artemas Ward, jun. Esq. Weston.
Dr. Samuel Ware, Conway.
John Warren, M. D.
Benjamin Waterhouse, M. D. Cambridge;
George Watson, Esq. Plymouth.
Josiah Waters, Esq.
Mr. Edward Wayne.
Arnold Wells, Esq.
Mr. Arnold Wells, jun.
Dr. Thomas Welsh.
Hon. Oliver Wendell, Esq.
Rev. Samuel West.
Mr. Joshua Wetherly.
Mr. James White.
Rev. Joseph Willard, D. D.
Dr. Moses Willard, Worcester.
Mr. William Williams.
Mr. Jeremiah Williams.
Elijah Williams, Esq. West Stockbridge.
Dr. Amos Windship.
Dr. Isaac Winslow, Marshfield.
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OFFICERS

39
OFFICERS of the HUMANE SOCIETY, for the year 1792.
Hon. THOMAS RUSSELL, Esq. President.
JONATHAN MASON, Esq. First Vice President.
JOHN WARREN, M. D. Second Vice President.
Rev. SIMEON HOWARD, D. D. Treasurer.
Rev. SAMUEL PARKER, D. D. Corresponding Secretary,
JOHN AVERY, jun. Esq. Recording Secretary.
Rev. JOHN LATHROP, D.D. }
Rev. PETER THACHER, D.D. }
Rev. JOHN CLARKE. }
Dr.THOMAS WELSH. }
AARON DEXTER, M. D. }
NATHANIEL BALCH, Esq. }
TRUSTEES.
SUMMARY of the METHOD of TREATMENT, to be used
with Persons apparently Dead from Drowning.
CONVEY the person to the nearest convenient house,
with his head raised; —strip and dry him as quick as possible;
clean the mouth and nostrils from froth or mud— if a child,
let him be placed between two persons naked, in a hot bed—
if an adult, lay him on a hot blanket or bed, and in cold
weather near a fire— in warm weather, the air should be
freely admitted into the room.— The body is next to be gent-
ly rubbed with warm woollen cloths sprinkled with spirits, if
at hand, otherwise dry ;—a heated warming pan may be now
lightly moved over the back, properly covered with a blank-
et- and the body, if of a child, is to be gently shook every
few minutes !—Whilst these means are using, one or two as-
sisants are to be employed in blowing up tobacco smoke
into 

40
into the fundament, with the instrument provided for the
purpose, or a tobacco pipe, if that cannot be had—the bowl
filled with tobacco, and properly lighted, being covered with
a handkerchief, or piece of linen, so as to defend the mouth
of the assistant in blowing; bathe the breast with hot rum,
and persist in the use of these means for several hours. If
no signs of life should then appear, let the body be kept warm
several hours longer, with hot bricks, or vessels of hot water,
applied to the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet, and
this for a longer or shorter time, as the circumstances of the
case may dictate.