INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
I876. 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4-9. 
Delegates Registered up to Wednesday (Sept. 6), 3 P. M. 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
0. D. Abbott, M.I)., Manchester, N. H., Hotel Aubrey. 
William Adams, Esq., F.R.C.S., London, Eng. St. George Hotel. 
C. R. Agnew, M.D., New York City, 1502 Locust St. 
Harrison Allen, M.D., Philadelphia, 117 S. 20th St. 
J. W. Anawalt, M.D., Greensburg, Pa., St. Cloud Hotel. 
William Anderson, M.D., Indiana, Penna., 1227 Filbert St. 
Abram B. Arnold, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia, 2000 DeLancey Place. 
Wm. B. Atkinson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1400 Pine St. 
John L. Atlee, M.D., Lancaster, Pa., 210 S. 13th St. 
Washington L. Atlee, M.D., Philadelphia, 1408 Arch St. 
H. P. Ayres, M.D., Fort Wayne, Ind. 
Francis Bacon, M.D., New Haven, Conn., 506 S. Broad St. 
Henry T. Bahnson, M.D., Salem, N. C., 504 N. 4th St. 
William H. Bailey, M.D., Albany, N. Y., 1734 Master St. 
Henry B. Baker, M.D., Lansing, Michigan, 340 N. 32d St. 
A. S. Baldwin, M.D., Jacksonville, Florida, Hotel Aubrey. 
Fordyce Barker, M.D., N. Y. City, 1700 Walnut St. 
John Barker, M.D., Dublin, Ireland, Atlas Hotel. 
Robert Barnes, M.D., London, England, 1729 Chestnut St. 
Roberts Bartholow, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, Continental Hotel. 
Edwin W. Bartlett, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis., Park View Hotel. 
J. K. Bartlett, M.D., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Continental Hotel. 
J. M. Barton, M.D., Philadelphia, 201 S. 11th St. 
Fletcher Beach, M. B., London, Eng., St. George Hotel. 
F. W. Beard, M.D., Vincennes, Ind., 108 N. 41st St. 
C. E. Beardsley, M.D., Ottawa, Ohio, St. Cloud Hotel. 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D., Philadelphia, 113 S. Broad St. 2 
NAME. . RESIDENCE. 
John S. Billings, M.D., U. S. A., Washington, D. C., 
1106 Chestnut St. 
Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Boston, Mass. 121 S. 18th St. 
A. Blitz, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., 2821 Girard Av. 
F. Bogart, M.D., Sweetwater, Tenn., Atlas Hotel. 
Robert Bolling, M.D., Chestnut Hill, Penn. 
Henry I. Bowditch, M.D., Boston, Mass. 3900 Spruce St. 
Richard C. Brandeis, M.D., Louisville, Ky., 1206 Chestnut St. 
Jno. L. Bray, M.D., Chatham, Ontario, Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
A. L. Breysacher, M.D., Little Rock, Ark., Continental Hotel. 
Geo. E. Brickett, M.D., Augusta, Maine, United States Hotel. 
Charles E. Briggs, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 1525 S. 6th St. 
John H. Brinton, M.D., Philadelphia, 1423 Spruce St. 
Wm. Brodie, M.D., Detroit, Mich., Continental Hotel. 
George W. Broome, M.D., Moberly, Mo., 2033 Walnut St. 
W. H. Brouse, M.D., Prescott, Ont., Canada, Hotel La Fayette. 
D. Tilden Brown, M.D., New York City, 3509 Baring St. 
James H. Brownfield, M.D., Fairmount, W. Va., 2320 Fitzwater St. 
Geo. D. Bruce, M.D., Pittsburgh, Pa., 14 Merrick St. 
T. Lauder Brunton, M.D., London, Eng. 1106 Chestnut St. 
Peter Bryce, M.D., Tuscaloosa, Ala., Hotel Aubrey. 
Albert H. Buck, M.D., N. Y. City, Trans-Continental Hotel. 
Frederick J. Buck, M.D., Philadelphia, 110 S. 15th St. 
L. Duncan Bulkley, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
F. J. Bumstead, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
Francis Burdick, M.D., Johnstown, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
C. H. Burnett, M.D., Philadelphia, 121 S. 18th St. 
Robert Burns, M.D., Philadelphia, 4323 Frankford Av. 
George Burr, M.D., Binghamton, N. Y. Hotel Aubrey. 
W. Burt, M.D., Paris, Ontario, Canada, Globe Hotel. 
Samuel C. Busey, M.D., Washington, D. C., Petry House. 
W. Webster Butterfield, M.D., Indianapolis, Ind., 604 N. 43d St. 
James D. Button, M.D., Auburn, N. Y. 1136 Park St. 
Wm. H. Byford, M.D., Chicago, 111., 
A. W. Calhoun, M.D., Atlanta, Ga. La Pierre House. 
Francis W. Campbell, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Colonnade Hotel. 
Henry Fraser Campbell, M.D., Augusta, Ga., 3821 Walnut St. 
I. A. Campbell, M.D., Grafton, W. Va., 252 South 10th St. 
Wm. Canniff, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Gould’s Hotel. 
John T. Carpenter, M.D., Pottsville, Penna., 3915 Woodland Av. 
Joseph Carson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1120 Spruce St. 3 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Robert Brudenell Carter, Esq., F.R.C.S., London, Eng., 
Continental Hotel. 
Edward T. Caswell, M.D., Providence, R. I., 2017 Spring Garden St. 
B. H. Catlin, M.D., West Meriden, Conn., 3245 Sansom St. 
Stanford E. Chaille, M.D., New Orleans, La., Hotel Aubrey. 
Clarence B. Church, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, Hotel Aubrey. 
E. W. Clark, M.D., Grinnell, Iowa. 
Richard A. Cleeraann, M.D., Philadelphia, 340 S. 21st St. 
Wa Cogswell, M.D., Bradford, Mass. 
J. Solis Cohen, M.D., Philadelphia, 1431 Walnut St. 
Abraham Coles, M.D., Newark, N. J. 
George Lewis Collins, M.D., Providence, R. I., 1521 Spruce St. 
Edward Cox, M.D., Battle Creek, Michigan, Irving House. 
Francis D. Cunningham, M.D., Richmond, Va., La Pierre House. 
Geo. Cupples, M.D., San Antonio, Texas., Hotel Aubrey. 
R. G. Curtin, M.D., Philadelphia, 322 S. 17tli St. 
John Curwen, M.D., Harrisburg, Pa. 
J. M. Da Costa, M.D., Philadelphia. 1700 Walnut St. 
J. C. Dalton, M.D., New York Cit}T, Continental Hotel. 
John Davis, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, Bryn Mawr, Penna. 
Nathan S. Davis, M.D., Chicago, 111., Continental Hotel. 
Richard Davy, Esq., F.R;C.S., London, England, St. George Hotel. 
Pierre Debaisieux, M.D., Louvain, Belgium, 4823 Haverford Av. 
Charles Denison, M.D., Denver, Colorado, 4103 Walnut St. 
John R. Dickson, M.D., Kingston, Ont., Canada, 3960 Girard Av. 
Henry D. Didama, M.D., Syracuse, N. Y., 3420 Sansom St. 
Stephen Dodge, M.D., Halifax, Nova Scotia, 608 S. 9th St. 
J. Lewis Dorset, M.D., Genito, Va., 1928 Race St. 
Greensville Dowell, M.D., Galveston, Texas, 1338 Spruce St. 
Thomas M. Drysdale, M.D., Philadelphia, 1531 Arch St. 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Augusta, Georgia, St. Cloud Hotel. 
J. J. Dugdale, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Grand Exposition Hotel. 
Thomas S. Dutfy, M.D., Rutherfordton, N. C., Continental Hotel. 
Louis A. Duhring, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1416 Spruce St. 
R. J. Dunglison, M.D., Philadelphia, 814 N. 16th St. 
Alexander Dunlap, M.D., Springfield, Ohio, Girard House. 
Charles W. Earle, M.D., Chicago, 111., 1917 Hamilton St. 
S. S. Earle, M.D., St. John, N. B,, St. George Hotel. 
J. C. Eastman, M.D., Hampstead, N. II., Hotel Aubrey. 
James H. Eldredge, M.D., East Greenwich, R. I., Grand Villa Hotel. 
William Elmer, M.D., Bridgeton, N. J. 
Paul F. Eve, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., 1432 Spruce St. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
S. Engelsted, M.D., Copenhagen, Denmark, 151 Corinthian Ay. 
J. A. Estlander, M.D., Helsingfors, Finland, 39 Saunders Av. 
David S. Fairchild, M.D., Ames, Iowa, 
Cyrus Falconer, M.D., Hamilton, Ohio, Globe Hotel. 
P. J. Farnsworth, M.D., Clinton, Iowa, 31th and Spruce St. 
M. A. G. Field, M.D., Des Moines, Iowa, 4005 Powelton Ave. 
William Finlay, M.D., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1425 Arch St. 
Emil Fischer, M.D., Philadelphia, 129 N. 6th St. 
George Jackson Fisher, M.D., Sing Sing, N. Y. Continental Hotel. 
Simon Fitch, M.D., N. Y. City, 1408 Arch St. 
Thomas Davis Fitch, M.D., Chicago, 111., Girard House. 
Thomas M. Flandreau, M.D., Rome, N. Y., 622 W. 40th St. 
Austin Flint, M.D., New York City, 11th and Walnut Sts. 
Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., New York City, Continental Hotel. 
William H. Ford, M.D., Philadelphia, 1622 Summer St. 
William Fox, M.D., Madison, Wis., Girard House. 
Albert Fricke, M.D., Philadelphia, 235 N. 6th St. 
John Frissell, M.D., Wheeling, W. Ya., Continental Hotel. 
F. T. Fuller, M.D., Raleigh, N. C., Washington Hotel. 
Anatole de Gaine, M.D., St. Petersburg, Russia, 235 South 6th St. 
Frederic Henry Gerrish, M.D., Portland, Maine. 
Henry Gibbons, M.D., San Francisco, Cal. 
William Goodell, M.D., Philadelphia, 20th and Hamilton Sts. 
H. Earnest Goodman, M.D., Philada., 1421 Chestnut St. 
Thomas W. Gordon, M.D., Georgetown, Ohio. 
M. W. C. Gori, Amsterdam, 1911 Spring Garden. 
J. W. S. Gouley, M.D., N. Y. City Continental Hotel. 
J. A. Grant, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, Hotel Aubrey. 
John P. Gray, M.D., Utica, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
John Green, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Continental Hotel. 
Win. Warren Greene, M.D., Portland, Maine, Continental Hotel. 
Traill Green, M.D., Easton, Pa., La Pierre House. 
Samuel D. Gross, M.D., Philadelphia, Cor. lltli and Walnut Sts. 
S. W. Gross, M.D., Philadelphia, 1115 Walnut St. 
Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U. S. N., Washington, D. C. 
Josiah Hale, M.D., Owensboro, Ky., 1105 Girard Ave. 
Charles Hamilton, M.D., Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, 919 Chestnut St. 
Frank H. Hamilton, M.D., N. Y. City, Hotel Aubrey. 
J. W. Hamilton, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, Girard House. 
D. W. Hand, M.D., St. Paul, Minn., 1505 N. Broad St. 
Charles J. Hare, M.D., F.R.C.P., London, Eng., St. George Hotel. 
George C. Harlan, M.D., Philadelphia, 1806 Chestnut St. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
B. F. Hart, M.D., Marietta, Ohio, 743 N. 20th St. 
Andrew Hartman, M.D., Baltimore, Md., 
Henry Hartshorne, M.D., Haverford College, Pa., 1210 Filbert St. 
N. L. Hatfield, M.D., Philadelphia, 501 Franklin St. 
I. Minis M.D., Philadelphia, 1607 Locust St. 
W. J. Heddins, M.D., St. Joseph, Mo., Continental Hotel. 
Charles Heitzmann, M.D., N. Y. City, 235 S. 8th St. 
Alex. Allan Henderson, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, 1107 Chestnut St. 
George E. Ilersey, M.D., Manchester, N. H., Hotel Aubrey. 
Charles A. Hewitt, M.D., Red Wing, Minn., 
Addinell Hewson, M.D., Philadelphia, 2100 Walnut St. 
Albert G. Heyl, M.D., Phila., 1535 Pine St. 
E. A. Hildreth, M.D., Wheeling, W. Va., St. Stephen’s Hotel. 
Wm. H. Kingston, M.D., Montreal, Canada, 1229 Chestnut St. 
Homer O. Hitchcock, M.D., Kalamazoo, Mich., Chestnut Hill. 
Johan Hjort, M.D., Christiania, Norway, 3716 Chestnut St. 
Edward M. Hodder, M.D., F.R.C.S., Toronto, Can. Girard House. 
II. Lenox Hodge, M.D., Philadelphia, 506 S. Broad St. 
Jno. T. Hodgen, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 1330 Arch St. 
John H. Hollister, M.D., Chicago, 111., 1731 Girard Ave. 
T. K. Holmes, M.D., Chatham, Ont., Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
R. I’. Howard, M.D., Montreal, Canada, St. George Hotel. 
John C. Hubbard, M.D., Ashtabula, Ohio, 525 Franklin St. 
Stephen G. Hubbard, M.D., New Haven, Conn. United States Hotel. 
R. F. Hudson, M.H., Ballarat, Australia, St. George Hotel. 
Prof. Hueter, Griefswald, 2140 Hancock St. 
C. H. Hughes, M.D., St. Louis, Mo. Girard House. 
E. W. Hughes, M.D., Grenada, Miss. 
J. C. Hughes, M.D., Keokuk, Iowa, 317 S. 10th St. 
Edward R. Hun, M.D., Albany, N. Y. 1835 Chestnut St. 
Ezra M. Hunt, M.D., Metuclien, N. J., 10th and Fairmount Ave. 
William Hunt, M.D., Philadelphia, 1300 Spruce St. 
John C. Hupp, M.D., Wheeling, Va., Continental Hotel. 
A. Hurd, M.D.,- Findlay, Ohio, St. Cloud Hotel. 
W. S. nuselton, M.D., Allegheny City, Pa., Girard House. 
Alexander Hutchins, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., St. Charles Hotel. 
Jas. H. Hutchinson, M.D., Philadelphia, 2019 Walnut St. 
Joseph C. Hutchison, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Frederick Hyde, M.D., New York, 4024 Chestnut St. 
Josias A. Ireland, M.I)., Louisville, Ky., 617 N. 10th St. 
Wm. Irvin, M.D., Breakneck, Pa., 1257 N. 15th St. 
T. Ishigouro, Tokio, Japan, United States Hotel. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Harvey Jewett, M.D., Canandaigua, N. Y., 145 N. 11th St. 
P. A. Jewett, M.D., New Haven, Conn., Continental Hotel. 
A. H. Johnson, M.D., Salem, Mass., Continental Hotel. 
Jno. C. Johnson, M.D., Blairstown, N. J., Merchants’ Hotel. 
H. A. Johnson, M.D., Chicago, 111., 118 N. 11th St. 
Christopher Johnston, M.D., Baltimore, Md. St. George Hotel. 
Samuel J. Jones, M.D., Chicago, 111. Continental Hotel. 
L. S. Joynes, M.D., Richmond, Va., 1323 Spruce St. 
W. W. Keen, M.D., Philadelphia, 1129 Chestnut St. 
Walter Kempster, M.D., Winnebago Co., Wisconsin, 
S. E. cor. 20th and Mt. Vernon Sts. 
J. G. Kerr, M.D., San Francisco, 1954 N. 10th St. 
E. L. Keyes, M.D., N. Y. City, 1823 Chestnut St. 
S. B. Kieffer, M.D., Carlisle, Pa., 714 N. 19th St. 
G. Kimball, M.D., Lowell, Mass., Globe Hotel. 
C. B. King, M.D., Allegheny City, Pa., 2014 Race St. 
R. A. Kinloch, M.D., Charleston, S. C., 1430 Spruce St. 
Charles J. Kipp, M.D., Newark, N. J., Continental Hotel. 
Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.D., Phila. Penna. Hospital for Insane. 
Herman Knapp, M.D., New York City. West End Hotel. 
W. A. Koukol de Yasnopolsky, M.D., St. Petersburg, Russia, 
235 South 6th St. 
C. Lange, M.D., Copenhagen, Denmark, 757 Corinthian Av. 
James Leslie, M.D., Hamilton, Out., Canada, Continental Hotel. 
James U. Letcher, M.D., Henderson, Ky., 108 N. 41st st. 
Van S. Lindsley, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., Congress Hall. 
Prof. Joseph Lister, Edinburgh, Scotland, Continental Hotel. 
William T. Lusk, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
Alfred A. Lutkins, M.D., Jersey City, N. J., Hotel Aubrey. 
Thomas Lyon, M.D., Williamsport, Penna., 1927 N. 12tli St. 
John Duff Macdonald, M.D., Hamilton, Ont., Merchants’ Hotel. 
John H. Mackie, M.D., New Bedford, Mass., Guy’s Hotel. 
Thos. L. Maddin, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., 10th and Arch St. 
T. D. Manning, M.D., Waco, Texas, Hotel Aubrey. 
S. Marks, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis., Hotel Aubrey. 
Darius Mason, M.D., Prairie-du-Chien, Wis., 1824 Girard Aye. 
F. F. Maury, M.D., Philadelphia, 1218 Walnut St. 
Hunter McGuire, M.D., Richmond, Va., Continental Hotel. 
Theodore A. McGraw, M.D., Detroit, Michigan, Globe Hotel. 
John W. Mcllhenejr, M.D., Warrenton, Va., La Pierre House. 
Thomas F. McLean, M.D., Goderich, Ontario, 
Grand Exposition Hotel. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Hugh F. McNory, M.D, Kentucky, Continental Hotel. 
Geo. W. Mears, M.I)., Indianapolis, Ind., 1429 Walnut St. 
J. Ewing Mears, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1429 Walnut St. 
Jas. Aitken Meigs, M.I)., Philada., 1408 Spruce St. 
Marcas de J. Meleros, M.D., Havana, Cuba, 204 Union St. 
H. P. Merriman, M.P., Chicago, 111., 1621 Vine St. 
Thos. S. Michaels, M.D., Richmond, Va., 149 North 5th St. 
Julius F. Miner, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Andrew K. Minnich, M.D., Philadelphia, 2228 N. Front St. 
Francis Minot, M.D., Boston, Mass., Bryn Mawr Hotel. 
H. Miyake, M.D., Tokio, Japan, 1337 Spruce St. 
John F. Monmonier, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
E. M. Moore, M.D., Rochester, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Geo. R. Morehouse, M.D., Philadelphia, 227 S. 9th St. 
Thomas G. Morton, M.D., Philada., 1421 Chestnut St. 
Alexander B. Mott, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
R. B. Mowry, M.D., Penna. 
H. J. Murphy, M.D., Chatham, Ont., Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
George Murray, M.D., New Glasgow, N. Scotia, 113 S. Broad St. 
R. I). Murray, M.D., Florida, 1333 Girard Av. 
S. Nagayo, M.D., Tokio, Japan, 1337 Spruce St. 
R. I. Nunn, M.D., Savannah, Ga., 128 South 15th St. 
Jno. A. Octerlony, M.D., Louisville, Kentucky, 2225 Spruce St. 
Michael O’Hara, M.D., Philadelphia, 31 S. 16th St. 
Wm. Oldright, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Irving House. 
H. L. Orth, M.D., Harrisburg, Pa. 
J. W. D. Osgood, M.D., Greenfield, Mass. 
George A. Otis, M.D., Washington, D.C., La Pierre House. 
John E. Owens, M.D., Chicago, 111., 3340 Chestnut St. 
Jno. H. Packard, M.D., Philadelphia, 1924 Spruce St. 
Wm. H. Pancoast, M.D., Philadelphia, 1100 Walnut St. 
Edward H. Parker, M.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1106 Spruce St. 
Joseph Parrish, M.D., Burlington, N. J. 
Theophilus Parvin, M.D., Indianapolis, Ind., Girard House. 
R. S. Payne, M.D., Lynchburg, Va., 616 Locust St. 
Enoch Pearce, Jr., M.D., Steubenville, O., 1436 N. 19th St. 
E. R. Peaslee, M.D., New York City, Continental Hotel. 
William Pepper, M.D., Philadelphia, 1811 Spruce St. 
W. H. Philips, M.D., Ohio, Continental Hotel. 
Gideon L. Platt, M.D., Waterbury, Conn. 340 North 18th St. 
A. M. Pollock, M.I)., Pittsburg, Continental Hotel. 
J. H. Pooley, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, 1337 N. Broad St. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Charles H. Porter, M.D., Albany, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
D. R. Porter, M.D., Kansas City, Mo., 
Isaac G. Porter, M.D., New London, Conn. 
Wm. G. Porter, M.D., Phila, 314 S. lltli St. 
Alfred C. Post, M.D., New York City, 614 Race St. 
Edwin Powell, M.H., Chicago, 111., Globe Hotel. 
J. S. Proiit, M.H., Brooklyn, N. Y., Atlas Hotel. 
Samuel S. Purple, M.H., New York City, Continental Hote!. 
Sumner Putnam, M.D., Montpelier* Vt. 
Isaac Ray, M.D., Philadelphia, 3509 Baring St. 
L. S. Rayfield, M.D., Jefferson, Texas, Windsor Hotel. 
G. Rawson, M.D., Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic, 
2032 Chestnut St. 
A. N. Read, M.D., Norwalk, Ohio, 225 S. Broad St. 
Thomas B. Reed, M.D., Philadelphia, 1427 Walnut St. 
James T. Reeve, M.D., Appleton, Wis., 408 S. Broad St. 
James E. Reeves, M.D., Wheeling, W. Va., 408 S. Broad St 
Alex’r P. Reid, M.D., Nova Scotia, Canada, Atlas Hotel. 
Dudley S. Reynolds, M.D., Louisville, Ky., Continental Hotel. 
George A. Rex, M.D., Philadelphia, 2118 Pine St. 
Jos. G. Richardson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1835 Chestnut St. 
T. G. Richardson, M.D., New Orleans, La., St. George Hotel. 
W. L. Richardson, M.D., Montrose, Pa., 1626 Vine St. 
J. M. Ridge, M.D., Camden, N. J. 
S. D. Risley, M.D., Philadelphia, 112 S. 17th St. 
Jacob Roberts, M.D., Philadelphia, 2033 Green St. 
David Robertson, M.D , Milton, Ont., Canada, 2021 Girard Av. 
E. Robillard, M.D., Montreal, West End Hotel. 
James D. Robison, M.D., Wooster, Ohio, 1105 GirardS t. 
Thos. E. Rochester, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
R. E. Rogers, M.D., Phila., 1004 Walnut St. 
A. M. Rosebrugh, M.D., Toronto, Canada, 2113 Arch St. 
J. W. Rosebrugh, M.D., Hamilton, Canada, 2113 Arch St. 
James Ross, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Continental Hotel. 
John D. Ross, M.D., Williamsburg, Pa., 527 South 11th St. 
Prof. Rudnew, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2109 Columbia Av. 
W. S. W. Rusehenberger, M.D., Philadelphia, 1932 Chestnut St. 
Ira Russell, M.D., Winchendon, Mass., 1803 N. 11 St. 
John W. Russell, M.D., Mt. Vernon, Ohio, Girard House. 
Thomas P. Russell, M.D., Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Hotel Aubrey. 
Thos. Edward Sattertliwaite, M.D., New York City, 
Trans-Continental Hotel. 9 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
William Savery, M.D., Bryn Mawr, Penna. 
Louis A. Sayre, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
H. S. Schell, M.D., Philadelphia, 1004 Vine St. 
James M. Scott, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Girard House. 
W. Scott, M.D., Cleveland, Ohio, Atlas Hotel. 
Edward Seguin, M.D., New York City. 
Amos Seip, M.D., Easton, Penna., 625 N. 6th St. 
Frederick Semeleder, M.D., Vienna, Austria, Hotel Aubrey. 
N. Senn, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis., University Hospital. 
Leopold Servais, M.D., Anvers, Belgium, 245 South 8th St. 
Edward 0. Shakespeare, M.D., Philada., 1344 Spruce St. 
Chas. Shepard, M.D., Grand Rapids, Michigan, Irving House. 
B. F. Sherman, M.D., Ogdensburg, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
Edward Shippen, M.D., U. S. N., Naval Hospital. 
J. M. Shout, M.D., Las Yegas, Mexico, Trans-Continental Hotel. 
George E. Shuttleworth, M.D., Lancaster, Eng., St. George Hotel. 
Alex. R. Simpson, M.D., Edinburgh, Scotland, 
Broad and Locust Sts. 
Wharton Sinkler, M.D., Philadelphia, 1534 Pine St. 
Henry M. Skillman, M.D., Lexington, Ky., Girard House. 
Albert H. Smith, M.D., Philadelphia, 1419 Walnut St. 
Ashbel Smith, M.D., Houston, Texas, Hotel Aubrey. 
David P. Smith, M.D., Springfield, Mass., West End Hotel. 
Eugene Smith, M.D., Detroit, Michigan, 1324 N. 15tli St. 
Heber Smith, M.D., U. S. M.-H. S., 3421 Walnut St. 
J. Lewis Smith, M.D., New York City, 1111 Filbert St. 
Joel W. Smith, M.D., Charles City, Iowa, 1418 Castle Ave. 
Joseph R. Smith, M.D., U. S. A., Ft. Monroe, Va., 340 S. 21st St. 
Edwin M. Snow, M.D., Providence, R. I., 626 N. 40th St. 
H. N. Spencer, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 608 Marshall St. 
S. Fleet Spier, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
Edward R. Squibb, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
A. J. Steele, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Hotel Aubrey. 
Lewis H. Steiner, M.D., Frederick City, Md., Hotel Aubrey. 
Geo. T. Stevens, M.D., Albany, N. Y., Girard House. 
D. F. Stewart, M.D., Houston, Texas. 
J. L. Stewart, M.D., Erie, Pa., 1528 N. Broad St. 
James A. Steuart, M.I)., Baltimore, Md. 
Alfred Stills, M.I)., Philadelphia, 3900 Spruce St.1 
Joseph A. Stilwell, M.D., Brownstown, Ind., 530 Brooklyn St. 
Geo. Strawbridge, M.D., Philadelphia, 1616 Chestnut St. 
S. S. Stryker, M.D., Philadelphia, 3713 Walnut St. NAME. EESIDENCE. 
Absalom B. Stuart, M.D., Winona, Minnesota, 1315 Jefferson St. 
G. E. Sussdorff, M.D., Macon, Georgia, Continental Hotel. 
George Sutton, M.D., Aurora, Ind. 
Joseph Swartz, M.D., Duncannon, Pa., 918 North 12th St. 
Y. H. Taliaferro, M.D., Atlanta, Ga., La Pierre House. 
B. W. Taylor, M.D., Columbia, S. C., 1430 Spruce St. 
M. A. Taylor, M.D., Austin City, Texas. 
R. W. Taylor, M.D., New York City, 1416 Spruce St. 
E. J. Tefft, M.D., Syracuse, N. Y., Aubrey Hotel. 
S. H. Tewksbury, M.D., Portland, Me. United States Hotel. 
William Thomson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1502 Locust St. 
James Thorburn, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Girard House. 
F. Walton Todd, M.D., California, Girard House. 
S. S. Todd, M.D., Kansas City, Mo. 3128 Lancaster Ave. 
J. M. Toner, M.D., Washington, D. C., Continental Hotel. 
Edward H. Trenholme, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Aubrey Hotel. 
Joliffe Tufnell, Esq., F.R.C.S., Dublin, Ireland, Continental Hotel. 
Horace Tupper, M.D., Bay City, Mich. 
Charles S. Turnbull, M.D., Philadelphia, 1220 Walnut St. 
Laurence Turnbull, M.D., Philadelphia, 1208 Spruce St. 
Edward B. Turnipseed, M.D., Columbia, S. C., 1545 Yine St. 
James Tyson, M.D., Philadelphia, 332 S. 15th St. 
G. Underwood, M.D., Pittston, Pa., 4029 Ludlow St. 
Wm. H. YanBuren, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
Jos. H. Yandeman, M.D., Chattanooga, Tenn., 
S. Oakley Yanderpoel, M.D., New York City, Globe Hotel. 
Arthur Yan Harlingen, M.D., Philadelphia, 129 S. 15th St. 
Thomas H. Yan Yalzah, M.D., Lewiston, Pa., 
Theodore R. Yarick, M.D., Jersey City, N. J. 
Alex. M. Yedder, M.D., Schenectady, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
H. D. Yosburgh, M.D., Lyons, N. Y., 225 N. 13th St. 
Clement A. Walker, M.D., Boston, Mass., West End Hotel. 
Charles D. Watson, M.D., Covington, Ind., 
Wm. Watson, M.D., Dubuque, Iowa, Marble Terrace Hotel. 
W. Murray Weidman, M.D., Reading, Pa., 15 S. 9th St. 
Faneuil D. Weisse, M.D., New York City, Colonnade Hotel. 
James C. White, M.D., Boston, Mass., United States Hotel. 
James P. White, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
Luther C. White, M.D., Yan Buren, Ark., 619 North 10th St. 
E. Williams, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1843 Chestnut St. 
George Wilkins, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Revere House. 
De Forest Willard, M.D., Philadelphia, 113 S. 16th St. 11 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Henry W. Williams, M.D., Boston, Mass., United States Hotel. 
J. M. Willis, M.D., Waco, Texas. 
Ellwood Wilson, M.D., Philadelphia, 212 S. 15tli St. 
F. N. Wise, M.D., Covington, Ky. 1408 Arch St. 
Caspar Wister, M.D., Philadelphia, 1303 Arch St. 
H. C. Wood, M.D., Philadelphia, 1706 Chestnut St. 
H. I). Wood, M.D., Angola, Ind. 433 Arch St. 
Alfred H. Woodill, M.D., Halifax, N. S., Girard House. 
Ashbel Woodward, M.D., Franklin, Conn., Channing House. 
J. J. Woodward, M.D., U. S. A., Washington, D. C., 1712 Race St. 
John M. Woodworth, M.D., U.S. M.-H. S., Washington, D. C., 
3421 Walnut St. 
Algernon Woolverton, M.D., Hamilton, Ont., 474 N. 8th St. 
Theo. W. Wormley, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, 1334 Pine St. 
Fred. H. Wright, M.D., Toronto, Ont., Canada, 1203 Wallace St. 
Henry P. Wright, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, Hotel Aubrey. 
R. F. Wright, M.D., Dalton, Ga., 240 South 8th St. 
Lunsford P. Yandell, M.D., Louisville, Ky., Continental Hotel. 
H. P. Yeomans, M.D., Mt. Forest, Ont., Canada, Merchants’ Hotel. OFFICERS 
OF THE 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
President. 
Samuel D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L. Oxou. Philadelphia. 
Vice-Presidents. 
Paul P. Eve, M.D , Tennessee. 
Joliffe Tufnell, Esq., F.R.C.S., Dublin. 
W. L. Atlee, M.D., Philadelphia. 
C. Lange, Copenhagen. 
T. G. Richardson, M.D., Louisiana. 
W. H. Hingston, M.D., Canada. 
James P. White, M.D., New York. 
H. Miyake, Japan. 
N. R. Smith, M.D., Maryland. 
Prof. Rudnew, Russia. 
J. M. Toner, M.D., District of Columbia. 
Prof. Hueter, Griefswald. 
J. B. Johnson, M.D., Missouri. 
F. Semeleder, M.D., Vienna. 
Hunter McGuire, M.D., Virginia. 
Johan Hjort, M.D., Norway. 
Henry Gibbons, M.D., California. 
G. L. Collins, M.D., Rhode Island. 
R. F. Hudson, M.D., Australia. 
Pierre Debaisieux, M.D., Belgium. 
N. S. Davis, M.D., Illinois. 
Wm. Adams, Esq., F.R.C.S., London. 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Georgia. 
Alexander R. Simpson, M.D., Edinburgh. 
J. K. Bartlett, M.D., Wisconsin. 13 
Honorary Vice-Presidents. 
Surgeon-General Barnes, U. S. A. 
Surgeon-General Beale, U. S. N. 
Secretary-General. 
I. Minis Hays, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Treasurer. 
Caspar Wister, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Secretaries of Meeting. 
Wm. B. Atkinson, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Richard J. Dunglison, M.D., “ 
R. A. Cleemann, M.D., “ 
W. W. Keen, M.D., “ 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D., “ 
Committee on Publication. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia. 
R. J. Dunglison, M.D., “ 
Wm. Goodell, M.D., “ 
James H. Hutchinson, M.D., “ 
Caspar Wister, M.D., “ OFFICERS OF SECTIONS. 
MEDICINE. 
President.—Alfred Stills, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Vice-Presidents.—R. P. Howard, M.D., Canada. 
J. J. Woodward, M.D., IT. S. A. 
Secretary.—J. Ewing Mears, M.D., Philadelphia. 
BIOLOGY. 
President.—John C. Dalton, M.D., New York. 
Vice-Presidents.—Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., New York. 
F. W. Campbell, M.D., Canada. 
Secretary.—James Tyson, M.D., Philadelphia. 
SURGERY. 
President.—Prof. Joseph Lister, Edinburgh. 
Vice-Presidents J. A. Grant, M.D., Canada. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia. 
Secretary.—John H. Packard, M.D., Philadelphia. 
DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOGRAPHY. 
President.—James C. White, M.D., Boston. 
Vice-Presidents.—S. Engelsted, M.D., Copenhagen. 
Edward Shippen, M.D., U. S. N. 
Secretary.—A. Yan Harlingen, M.D., Philadelphia. 
OBSTETRICS. 
President.—Robert Barnes, M.D., London. 
Vice-Presidents.—Prof. Alex. R. Simpson, Edinburgh. 
W. H. Byford, M.D., Illinois. 
Secretary.—Wm. Goodell, M.D., Philadelphia. 
OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
President.—R. Brudenell Carter, F.R.C.S., London. 
Vice-Presidents.—Wm. Thomson, M.D.„ Philadelphia. 
Henry W. Williams, M.D., Boston. 
Secretary.—John Green, M.D., St. Louis. 15 
OTOLOGY. 
President.—Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Boston. 
Vice-President.—A. H. Buck, M.D., New York. 
Secretary.—H. N. Spencer, M.D., St. Louis. 
SANITARY SCIENCE. 
President.—Stephen Smith, M.D., New York. 
Vice-President.—J. S. Billings, M.D., TJ. S. A. 
Secretary.—E. M. Hunt, M.D., New Jersey. 
MENTAL DISEASES. 
President —John P. Gray, M.D., New York. 
Vice-Presidents.—E. Grissom, M.D., North Carolina. 
I. Ray, M.D., . Philadelphia. 
Secretary.—Walter Kempster, M.D., Wisconsin. CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION. 
Philadelphia, June ist, 1876. 
My Dear Sir: 
I am instructed by the Medical Commission of the International 
Medical Congress to beg you to furnish without delay the heads of 
your essay, or of your opening remarks, for publication. The object 
of this is to promote and facilitate discussion. 
A very good model for such heads is that furnished for publica- 
tion by Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson in advance of his opening the dis- 
cussion on Syphilis before the Pathological Society of London, in 
February last, as follows: — 
“ After adverting briefly to the doctrines at present received as to the nature 
of syphilis, and also to certain important sources of error in the attempt to study its 
course, the following topics, amongst others, will be introduced for discussion: At 
what period in its course does syphilis cease to be a blood disease ? The pecu- 
liarities of the inflammatory process when caused by syphilis; its tendency (1) to 
solid growth, and (2) to ulceration and phagedsena. The importance of a better 
knowledge of the internal pathology of the secondary stage, with a view to the 
better comprehension of the relationships which exist between the secondary and 
tertiary phenomena. (It will be suggested that visceral lesions, gummata, etc., are 
more common in the secondary stage than is supposed.) The remarkable differ- 
ences which exist between acquired and inherited syphilis: a. The great rarity 
of disease affecting the nervous centres in inherited syphilis, b. The rarity of ter- 
tiary gummata in inherited syphilis. c. The frequency of symmetrical forms of 
disease in the tertiary stage of inherited syphilis. The absence of any real relation- 
ship between scrofula and syphilis; and the specificity of all the phenomena which 
belong to the latter, at whatever stage observed.” 
I am further instructed to inform you that the discussion on your 
paper will be strictly oral, and that no written reply to it will be 
allowed. 
Should the thirty minutes allotted to you for the reading of your 
paper prove too short, the time will be extended, but briefness is 
earnestly requested. 
Yours, very respectfully, 
WM. GOODELL, M.D., 
American Corresponding Secretary. ' y/s/s s //s/Z/ss/ssy/- y/s s/ss ss/ /s 
1816. 
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- /tsiJ/s/r /// <yS /,>/// AMERICAN CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
The Medical Societies of Philadelphia, animated by a just spirit of patriotism, and an earnest desire 
to unite with their fellow-citizens in celebrating the Centennial Birthday of American Independence, have 
taken the initiatory steps for the formation of an International Medical Congress, by the appoint- 
ment of delegates from their respective bodies, who were empowered to organize and perfect a scheme 
for the above purpose. In accordance with the authority thus given, the delegation has organized 
THE CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION, 
WITH THE FOLLOWING OFFICERS: 
President, . . .... . . . Samuel D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L. Oxon. 
W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., U. S. N., 
Alfred Stille, M.D. 
Vice-Presidents, 
Recording Secretary, William B. Atkinson, M.D. 
Daniel G. Brinton, M.D., 
William Goodell, M.D. 
American Corresponding Secretaries, 
Foreign Corresponding Secretaries, 
• Richard J. Dunglison, M.D., 
. R. M. Bertolet, M.D. 
Treasurer, Caspar Wister, M.P. 
Arrangements have been made for the holding of the Congress in the city of Philadelphia, to 
begin on the 4th and to terminate on the 9th of September, 1876. The Commission propose the fol- 
lowing general plan for the organization and business of the Congress. 
I. The Congress shall consist of delegates, American and foreign, the former representing the 
American Medical Association and the State and Territorial Medical Societies of the Union; the latter 
the principal medical societies of other countries. 
II. The officers shall consist of a President, ten Vice-Presidents, four Secretaries, a Treasurer, and 
a Committee of Publication, to be elected by the Congress at its first session, on the report of a Com- 
mittee of Nomination. III. The morning sessions of the Congress shall be devoted to general business and the reading of 
discourses; the afternoons to the meetings of the Sections, of which there shall be nine, viz.:— 
1. Medicine, including Pathology, Pathological Anatomy and Therapeutics. 
2. Biology, including Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Microscopy. 
3. Surgery. 
4. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
5. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. 
6. Chemistry, Toxicology and Medical Jurisprudence. 
7. Sanitary Science, including Hygiene and Medical Statistics. 
8. Ophthalmology and Otology. 
9. Mental Diseases. 
IV. The language of the Congress shall be the English, but not to the exclusion of any other 
language in which members may be able to express themselves more fluently. 
Gentlemen intending to make communications upon scientific subjects will please notify the Com- 
mission at the earliest practicable date, in order that places may be assigned them on the programme. 
In order to impart to the Congress a thoroughly international character, invitations to send dele- 
gates will be extended to all the prominent medical societies in Europe, Mexico, the British Dominions, 
Central and South America, the Sandwich Islands, the East and West Indies, Australia, China, and 
Japan. Invitations will also be tendered to medical gentlemen of high scientific position; and distin- 
guished visitors may be admitted to membership by a vote of the Congress. 
Among the advantages arising from such a convocation as this, not the least important will be the 
opportunity afforded its members for the interchange of friendly greetings, the formation of new 
acquaintances, and the renewal and cementing of old friendships. 
The Centennial Medical Commission tender in advance to their brethren in all parts of the world 
a cordial welcome, and a generous hospitality during their sojourn in the “Centennial City.” 
The Congress will be formally opened at noon, on Monday, the fourth day of September, 1876. 
The registration book will be open daily from Thursday, Aug. 31, from 12 to 3 P. M., in the Hall 
of the College of Physicians, N. Ip. corner ifth and Locust Streets. Credentials must in every case be 
presented. 
Gentlemen attending the Congress can have their correspondence directed to the care of the College 
of Physicians of Philadelphia, N. E. cor. of Locust and Thirteenth Sts., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
There is every reason to believe that there will be ample hotel accommodation for all strangers 
visiting Philadelphia in 1876. Further information may be obtained by addressing the Corresponding 
Secretaries. 
All communications must be addressed to the appropriate Secretaries. 
William B. Atkinson, 1400 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Recording Secretary. 
Daniel G. Brinton, 2027 Arch Street, 
William Goodell, 20th and Hamilton Sts., 
American Corresponding Secretaries. 
Richard J. Dunglison, 814 N. 16th Street, 
R. M. Bertolet, 113 S. Broad Street, 
Foreign Corresponding Secretaries. 
Philadelph; October, 1875. ABSTRACT. 
It has been agreed that the Congress shall convene in September, 1876, and sit at least six days, 
before which body papers may be read upon topics of general importance to the profession. 
For the governing of said Congress the following rules are proposed :— 
Morning sessions from gj A. M., to be devoted to general business, papers, etc. 
Afternoons to be occupied by sections. 
That a general Introductory Address of Welcome shall be delivered by the President. 
That Discourses be delivered upon Medicine and Medical Progress in the United States; Surgery; 
Obstetrics; Chemistry and Pharmacy; Materia Medica, Medical Jurisprudence, Hygiene, and 
General Science; Medical Biography; Medical Education and Institutions; Medical Literature. 
Each State Society may send as many delegates as the State has Representatives in the Congress 
of the United States. 
April 19. To make the Addresses the following were selected :— 
Medicine, etc., Dr. A. Flint, N. Y. 
Surgery, Dr. P. F. Eve, Tennessee. 
Obstetrics, Dr. Th. Parvin, Indiana. 
Therapeutics, Dr. A. Stille, Pennsylvania. 
Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, Dr. S. E. Chaille, Louisiana. 
Hygiene and Social Science, Dr. H. I. Bowditch, Massachusetts. 
Medical Biography, Dr. J. M. Toner, District of Columbia. 
Medical Education and Institutions, Dr. N. S. Davis, Illinois. 
Medical P. Yandell, Kentucky. 
Mental Hygiene;, Dr. J. P. Gray, New York. 
Physiology, Dr/ L. S. JoynEs, Virginia. 
Medical Chemistry, Dr. T. G. Wormley, Ohio. 
May 17. The delegation to this commission from each Philadelphia Society shall be regarded 
as its official representation in the Congress. 
June 30. Members of the Commission (not delegates) decided to be delegates to the Interna- 
tional Medical Congress. 
Three Committees agreed upon—of Arrangements, of Finance, of Publication. 
Organizations of Sections referred to Committee of Arrangements. 
Committee of Arrangements empowered to invite foreign gentlemen of distinction to deliver 
addresses. 
August 3. September 6th chosen as date of opening Congress, and to continue six days. Sug- 
gested that length of addresses shall not exceed one hour. 
American Medical Association requested to send as delegates one for each State and Territory. 
All physicians duly accredited or approved by the Committee on Credentials to be admitted as 
delegates. 
Admission fee to be $10 for each American delegate, entitling him to a copy of the Transactions. 
Dinner on evening of September 9th ; fee for each American delegate not to exceed $10.  fjjedieal (f onflveoo, 
■ 1876. 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4—g. 
THE INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS 
WILL BE FORMALLY OPENED 
At noon, on Monday, the 4th day of September, 
IN THE 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
Locust and Thirty-fourth Streets. 
PROGRAMME OF PUBLIC BUSINESS. 
Monday, September 4th. 
Noon. GENERAL MEETING. 
Prayer, by the Rt. Rev. Wm. Bacon Stevens, M.D., 
D.D., LL.D., Bishop of Pennsylvania. 
Address of Welcome, by S. D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., 
D.C.L. Oxon., President of the Centennial Medical 
Commission. 
General Business. 
1 P. M. Address on Medicine, by Austin Flint, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Practice of Medicine in Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College, New York. 
2 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
3 P.M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
Typho-malarial Fever; is it a Special Type of Fever? 
Reporter, J. J. Woodward, M.D., Surgeon U. S. 
Army. 
Section II. Biology. 
Microscopy of the Blood. Reporter, Christopher 
Johnston, M.D., Professor of Surgery in the Uni- 
versity of Maryland. 
Section III. Surgery. 
Antiseptic Surgery. Reporter, John T. Hodgen, M. D., 
Professor of Surgical Anatomy and of Clinical Sur- 
gery in the St. Louis Medical College. 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilologv. 
Variations in Type and in Prevalence of Diseases of the 
Skin in Different Countries of Equal Civilization. 
Reporter, James C. White, M.D., Professor of Der- 
matology in Harvard University. 2 
3 P. M. Section V. Obstetrics. 
The Causes and the Treatment of Non-puerperal Hem- 
orrhages of the Womb. Reporter, William H. 
Byford, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases 
of Women in the Chicago Medical College. 
Section VI. Ophthalmology. 
The Comparative Value of Caustics and*Astringents 
in the Treatment of Diseases of the Conjunctiva, and 
the Best Mode of Applying them. Reporter, Henry 
W. Williams, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in 
Harvard University. 
Section VII. Otology. 
Importance of Treatment of Aural Diseases in their early 
Stages, especially when arising from the Exanthemata. 
Reporter, Albert H. Buck, M.D., of New York. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
The Present Condition of the Evidence concerning 
“ Disease-germs.” Reporter, Thomas E. Satter- 
thwaite, M.D., of New York. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
The Microscopical Study of the Brain. Reporter, 
Walter H. Kempster, M.D., Physician and Super- 
intendent of Northern Hospital for Insane, Oshkosh, 
Wisconsin. 
8 P. M. Public Reception, by the Medical Profession of Phila- 
delphia, in the Judges’ Hall, Exhibition Grounds, 
Fairmount Park. Entrance/at corner of Elm and Bel- 
mont Avenues, by Carriage Gate, or Turnstile No. 55, 
adjoining. 
Tuesday, September 5th. 
10 A. M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
11 A. M. Address on Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, by 
Henry I. Bowditch, M.D., President of State Board 
of Health of Massachusetts. 
12 M. Address on Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, by 
Theodore G. Wormley, M.D., Professor of Chem- 
istry in Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. 
1 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
2 P.M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
Are Diphtheritic and Pseudo-membranous Croup Iden- 
tical or Distinct Affections? Reporter, J. Lewis Smith, 
M.D., Physician to the New York Infants’ Hospital. 
Medical Teaching. By Prof. A. P. Reid, of Halifax 
Medical College, Nova Scotia. 
Section II. Biology. 
The Excretory Function of the Liver. Reporter, 
Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., Professor of Physiology in 
the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
MONDAY TUESDAY. TUESDAY WEDNESDAY. 
3 
2 P. m. Section III. Surgery. 
Medical and Surgical Treatment of Aneurism. Re- 
porter, William H. Van Buren, M.D., Professor of 
the Principles of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in 
the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
On Ambulances and Litters. By Dr. Bedoin, Medecin 
Major 8 Regt. de Chasseurs a Cheval, France. (Trans- 
lated by Wm. Ashbridge, M.D., of Philadelphia.) 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
Are Eczema and Psoriasis Local Diseases, or are they 
Manifestations of Constitutional Disorders? Reporter, 
Lucius Duncan Bulkley, M.D., of New York. 
Leprosy. By F. H. Enders, M.D., Government Phy- 
sician to Sandwich Islands. 
Section V. Obstetrics. 
The Mechanism of Natural and of Artificial Labor in 
Narrow Pelves. Reporter, William Goodell, A.M., 
M.D., Clinical Professor of Diseases of Women and 
of Children in the University of Pennsylvania. 
On the Management of Convulsions in Children, de- 
pending upon a High Temperature of the Body. By 
T. K. Holmes, M.D., of Chatham, Ontario, Canada. 
Section VI. Ophthalmology. 
Tumors of the Optic Nerve. Reporter, Hermann 
Knapp, M.D., of New York. 
Section VII. Otology. 
What is the Best Mode of Uniform Measurement of 
Hearing? Reporter, Charles H. Burnett, M.D , 
Aural Surgeon to Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
Hospital Construction and Ventilation. Reporter, 
Stephen Smith, M.D., Professor of Orthopaedic 
Surgery in the University of the City of New York. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
Responsibility of the Insane for Criminal Acts. Re- 
porter, Isaac Ray, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
Wednesday, September 6th. 
ioA.M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
ii A.M. Address on Surgery, by Paul F. Eve, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Operative and Clinical Surgery in the Uni- 
versity of Nashville. 
12 M, Address on Medical Biography, by J. M. Toner, M.D., 
of Washington, D. C. 
1 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
2 P. M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
Do the Conditions of Modern Life favor specially the 
Development of Nervous Diseases? Reporter, 
Roberts Bartholow, M.D., Professor of Theory and 
Practice of Medicine in Medical College of Ohio. 4 
2 P.M. The Treatment of Phthisis Pulmonalis. By Dr. E. G. 
Eliascopulus, of Gaiaxidi, Greece. (Translated by 
John Guiteras, M.D., of Philadelphia.) 
Etiology of Epilepsy. By W. B. Neftel, M.D., of 
New York. 
Section II. Biology. 
Pathological Histology of Cancer. Reporter, J. W. 
S. Arnold, M.D., Professor of Physiology in the 
University of the City of New York. 
Section III. Surgery. 
Treatment of Coxalgia. Reporter, Lewis A. Sayre, 
M. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and of 
Clinical Surgery in Bellevue Plospital Medical Col- 
lege, New York. 
Report of a Case of Sub-periosteal Excision and Dis- 
articulation of the entire Inferior Maxillary Bone, 
for Phosphorus Necrosis. By J. W. S. Gouley, M.D., 
of New York. 
Section IY. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
The Virus of Venereal Sores; its Unity or Duality. 
Reporter, Freeman J. Bumstead, M.D., late Pro- 
fessor of Venereal Diseases at College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, New York. • 
The Virus of Venereal Sores; its Unity or Duality. 
By Charles R. Drysdale, M.D., Senior Physician to 
the Metropolitan Free Hospital, London, 
Section V. Obstetrics. 
The Treatment of Fibroid Tumors of the Uterus. Re- 
porter, Washington L. Atlee, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
The Three most Important Obstetrical Instruments. 
By Prof. Lazarewich, University of Kharkoff, Russia. 
On Electrolysis, especially for the Cure of Ovarian 
Cysts. By Frederic Semeleder, M.D., late Lecturer 
at the University of Vienna. 
Section VI. Ophthalmology. 
Orbital Aneurismal Disease and Pulsating Exophthal- 
mia; their Diagnosis and Treatment. Reporter, E. 
Williams, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in 
Miami Medical College of Cincinnati. 
Section VII. Otology. 
In what Percentage of Cases do Artificial Drum-mem- 
branes prove of Practical Advantage ? Reporter, H. 
N. Spencer, M.D., of St. Louis. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
The General Subject of Quarantine with Particular 
Reference to Cholera and Yellow Fever. Reporter, 
J. M. Woodworth, M.D., Supervising Surgeon- 
General U. S. Marine Hospital Service. 
Disinfection in Yellow Fever. By C. B. White, M.I)., 
of New Orleans. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
Simulation of Insanity by the Insane. Reporter, C. II. 
Hughes, M.D., of St. Louis, Mo. 
WEDNESDAY. WEDNESDAY—THURSDAY. 
5 
7.30 P.M. Address: The Medical Staff of the United States 
Army, and its Scientific Work, by J. J. Wood- 
ward, M.D., Surgeon U. S. Army. To be delivered 
in the Lecture Hall of the Jefferson Medical Col- 
lege, Tenth Street, between Chestnut and Walnut. 
Thursday, September 7th. 
10 A.M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
11 a.m. Address on Obstetrics, byTHEOPHiLus Parvin, M.D., 
Professor of Obstetrics in the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of Indiana. 
12 M. Address on Medical Jurisprudence, by Stanford E. 
Chaille, M.D., Professor of Physiology and Patholo- 
gical Anatomy in the University of Louisiana. 
1 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
2 P.M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
The Influence of High Altitudes on the Progress of 
Phthisis. Reporter, Charles Denison, M.D., of 
Denver, Colorado. 
The Open Air Treatment of Consumption. By Henry 
MacCormac, M.D., of Belfast, Ireland. 
Section II. Biology. 
The Mechanism of Joints. Reporter, Harrison Allen, 
M.D., Professor of Zoology and Comparative 
Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
Section III. Surgery. 
The Causes and Geographical Distribution of Calculous 
Diseases. Reporter, Claudius H. Mastin, M.D., of 
Mobile, Alabama. 
Electrolytic Treatment of Malignant Tumors. By W. 
B. Neftel, M.D., of New York. 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
The Treatment of Syphilis with Special Reference to 
the Constitutional Remedies appropriate to its various 
Stages; the Duration of their Use, and the Question 
of their Continuous or Intermittent Employment. 
Reporter, E. L. Keyes, M.D., Adjunct Professor of 
Surgery and Professor of Dermatology in Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York. 
The Treatment of Syphilis with Special Reference to 
the Constitutional Remedies appropriate to its various 
Stages. By Charles R. Drysdale, M.D., Senior Phy- 
sician to the Metropolitan Free Hospital, London. 
Section V. Obstetrics. 
The Nature, Causes, and Prevention of Puerperal Fever. 
Reporter, William T. Lusk, M.D., Professor of 
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
Paracentesis, Aspiration, and Transfusion. By Simon 
Fitch, M.D., of New York. THURSDAY FRIDAY. 
2 P. M. Section VI. Ophthalmology. 
Are Progressive Myopia and Posterior Staphyloma due 
to Hereditary Predisposition, or can they be induced 
by Defects of Refraction, acting through the Influence 
of the Ciliary Muscle? Reporter, E. G. Loring, 
M.D., of New York. 
Relations between Refractive Lesions anti Corneal 
Ulcers. By George C. Stevens, M.D., of Albany, 
New York. 
Section VII. Otology. 
What is the Best Mode of Determining the Hearing of 
School-Children, and how should partially Deaf 
Children be Instructed—in mixed classes with those 
who hear well, or in separate classes where due allow- 
ance will be made for their defective hearing ? Re- 
porter, Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Instructor in 
Otology in Harvard University. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
Disposal and Utilization of Sewage and Refuse. Re- 
porter, John H. Rauch, M.D., late Sanitary Super- 
intendent of Chicago, 111. 
Universal Pharmacopoeia. By E. R. Squibb, M.D., 
of Brooklyn, New York. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
The Best Provision for the Chronic Insane. Reporter, 
C. H. Nichols, M.D., Physician .and Superintendent 
of Government Hospital for Insane, Washington, D.C. 
Friday, September 8th. 
xoA.M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
ii a.m. Address on Mental Hygiene, by John P. Gray, M.D., 
Superintendent and Physician to the New York State 
Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 
12 M. Address on Medical Literature, by Lunsford P. 
Yandell, M.D., late Professor of Physiology in the 
University of Louisville. 
iP.M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
2P.M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
The Treatment of Simple Ulcer of the Stomach. By 
Dr. PL Lebert, formerly Professor of Clinical Medi- 
cine at Zurich and at Breslau. (Translated by Charles 
W. Dulles, M.D., of Philadelphia.) 
Progressive Pernicious Anaemia. By R. P. Howard, 
M.D., of Montreal. 
Alcohol in its Therapeutic Relations as a Food and a 
Medicine. By Ezra M- Hunt, M.D., of Metuchen, 
New Jersey. 
Section II. Biology. FRIDAY— SATURDAY. 
7 
2 P. M. Section III. Surgery. 
Subcutaneous Division of the Neck of the Thigh Bone. 
By Mr. William Adams, President of the Medical 
Society of London. 
Penetrating Wounds of the Abdomen; with the Sug- 
gestions of a change of Practice in such Cases. By 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Professor of Surgery in Medical 
College of Georgia. 
On the Propriety of Opening the Sac in Strangulated 
Hernia. By Frederic Hyde, M.D., of Cortland 
Village, New York. 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
Measures to prevent the Propagation of Venereal Dis- 
eases in Denmark. By S. Engelsted, Physician-in- 
Chief of the Copenhagen Hospital. 
Prevention of Syphilis. By Charles R. Drysdale, M. D., 
Senior Physician to Metropolitan Free Hospital, 
London. 
Section V. Obstetrics. 
Uterine Hemorrhage. By Prof. E. H. Trenholmne, 
Professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and 
Children, Bishop’s College, Montreal. 
Chronic Inversion of the Uterus. By James P. White, 
M. of Buffalo, New,York. 
Retroversion of the Gravid Uterus. By T. F. Roches- 
ter, M.D., President of New York State Medical 
Society. 
Section VI. Ophthalmology: 
Report of One Hundred Cases of Senile Cataract. By 
DudleyS. Reynolds, M.D., of Louisville, Kentucky. 
Section VII. Otology. 
Aural Vertigo with Variable Hearing. By Charles H. 
Burnett, M.D., Aural Surgeon to the Presbyterian 
Hospital, Philadelphia. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
Metrical System of Weights and Measures. By E. R. 
Squibb, M.D., of Brooklyn, New York. 
Medical Missions. By J. G. Kerr, M.D., of China. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
Treatment of Inebriates in Asylums. By George Burr, 
M.D., of Binghamton, New York. 
7 P. M. PUBLIC DINNER. 
At St. George’s Hall, S. W. cor. Arch and Thirteenth Sts. 
Saturday, September 9th. 
10 A.M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
11 a.m. Address on Medical Education and Medical Insti- 
tutions, by Nathan S. Davis, M.D., Professor of 
Principles and Practice of Medicine in Chicago 
Medical College. International Medical Congress 
DIRECTORY. 
GENERAL SESSIONS, Chapel, 2d Story, Centre. 
Section I. Medicine 2d Story, West. 
“ II. Biology ..... 1st Story, West. 
“ III. Surgery . . . . .2d Story, Centre. 
“ IV. Dermatology and Syph 1 lology . 2d Story, West. 
“ V. Obstetrics . . . .2d Story, West. 
“ VI. Ophthalmology . . .2d Story, East. 
“ VII. Otology . . . . .2d Story, East. 
“ VIII. Sanitary Science, . . . 1st Story, West. 
“ IX. Mental Diseases ' . . 1st Story, West. 
Committee on Registration, West side of Entrance Hall. 
Post Office and Hall Committee, East side of Entrance Hall. 
Writing and Conversation Room, xst Story, West. 
Committee on Entertainment, 2d Story, Centre. 
Lunch Room, Basement. 
Thursday, Aug. 31, Friday, Sept. 1, and Saturday, Sept. 2, at COLLEGE 
OF PHYSICIANS, Locust and Thirteenth Streets, from 12 M. to 3 P. M. 
Monday, Sept. 4, at UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, from 9 to 12. 
And daily thereafter from g to 10. 
REGISTRATION. 
Letters for Members of the Congress, directed to the care of the College of 
Physicians of Philadelphia, during the Sessions of the Congress, will be delivered 
at the University of Pennsylvania. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS 
I876. > • 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4-9. 
OUTLINES 
OP 
PAPERS PRESENTED BY THE REPORTERS ON 
QUESTIONS ASSIGNED FOR DISCUSSION 
IN THE SECTIONS. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 
1876. OUTLINES 
OF 
PAPERS PRESENTED BY THE REPORTERS ON QUESTIONS 
ASSIGNED FOR DISCUSSION IN THE SECTIONS. 
Section I. MEDICINE. 
First Question.—Typho-Malarial Fever; Is it a Special Type of 
Fever? Reporter, J. J. Woodward, M.I)., Assistant Surgeon TJ. S. 
Army. 
Preliminary remarks on the mortality of armies from disease, with comments 
on the comparison recently drawn by Professor Virchow between the mortality 
of the United States armies during the late civil war and that of the German 
armies during the war with France. • 
Fatality of camp fevers during the American civil war. General belief among 
medical officers early in the war that these fevers represented a “ new type of 
disease.” History of the introduction of the term typho-malarial fever. The 
proposition submitted that whenever great armies campaign in malarial regions 
the prevalent fevers are hybrids, between malarial fevers and some form of 
typhus. Historical illustrations from (a) the siege of Naples, 1528; (6) the 
Hungarian campaigns, from 1526 to 1788; (c) the morbus mucosus of Roederer 
and Wagler; (d) the Walchern expedition of 1809 ; (e) Virchow’s comments on 
the fevers of the German army in France. 
Remarks on the distribution of malarial fevers and of typhoid fever in the 
United States, and on their relation to season of year. Substitution of malarial 
fevers in particular regions, or at particular times, by typhoid. Early recogni- 
tion of hybrid forms by Drake. Recognition of similar hybrids by European 
authors as well as by Americans. 
The typho-malarial fever of the civil war. This term never meant to repre- 
sent a specific type of fever, but intended to designate all the many-faced brood 
of hybrid forms resulting from the combined influence of the causes of malarial 
fevers and of enteric fever. Sketch of symptoms and pathological anatomy. 
Two great groups of cases ; those in which the malarial element predominates, 
and those in which the typhoid element predominates. The scorbutic taint as a 
complication of either group during the civil war. 
Adoption of the author’s views since the close of the war by systematic writers. 4 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Second Question.—Are Diphtheritic and Pseudo-Membranous Croup 
Identical or Distinct Affections? Reporter, J. Lewis Smith, M.D., 
Physician to the New York Infants’ Hospital. 
I. Croup a local malady; diphtheritic laryngitis the expression or manifesta- 
tion of a general malady. 
II. Anatomical characters; identical in kind as regards the state of the 
larynx, but differing in degree or intensity. 
III. Clinical facts, which indicate their duality. 
Third Question.—Do the Conditions of Modern Life favor specially 
the Development of Nervous Diseases? Reporter, Roberts Bar- 
tholow, M.D., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine 
in the Medical College of Ohio. 
Numerous references in the writings of the ancients to mental and nervous 
maladies. The influence in ancient times of those conditions supposed to be 
most active in our day in the production of nervous maladies, viz., social excite- 
ments, political revolutions, sexual excesses, indulgence in wine. 
The recognition of nervous maladies in the sixteenth century. 
If in modern times an increase in nervous maladies had occurred, the result 
must be exhibited to a limited extent in an increased sickness and mortality 
rate. With the improvement in the general well-being wrought by our modern 
civilization, a manifest increase in longevity has occurred. With an improved 
hygiene, the sickness rates and the mortality from epidemics have diminished. 
The supposed increase in the number of nervous diseases is more apparent 
than real. 
The art of printing has greatly increased the diffusion of knowledge amongst 
men, and hence every medical fact has not only a more prominent record, but is 
more generally known. 
In modern times, within this century especially, nervous diseases have been 
more accurately studied and better differentiated. 
The growth of a higher humanitarian sentiment has led to a more abundant 
provision for the insane. 
Fourth Question.—The Influence of High Altitudes on the Progress 
of Phthisis. Reporter, Charles Denison, M.D., of Denver, Colo- 
rado. 
I. The past history of the climatic treatment of phthisis. 
(a) The climates of high altitudes will be considered by their important attri- 
butes, which will be contrasted with the same qualities in less elevated health 
resorts ; in America the elevated inland plains and “ backbone” of the continent, 
between elevations of four and ten thousand feet, being matched with sea-side and 
inland resorts, below the elevation of two thousand feet. 
II. a. Temperature.—Too much importance has been placed upon equable 
temperature, equability often entailing excessive moisture and other conditions PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
5 
comparatively unfavorable to the majority of consumptives. Cool dry climates 
are better than warm moist ones. 
b. Relative Humidity.—The injustice of the advocates of low climates in not 
considering this point noted. Is the comparison of high and low altitudes by the 
relative humidity of each, temperature being accounted for, fair? How does 
altitude affect humidity both absolute and relative? Cause of low relative 
humidity on the eastern Rocky Mountain slope. 
c. Diatliermacy of the Air.—A rule, depending upon elevation, given. The 
conditions for the greatest benefit from the direct influence of the sun grow more 
favorable writh increasing elevation. 
d. Electric tension, Ozone, etc.—Their increase in high altitudes, peculiar 
effects, and great utility. How can we best utilize atmospheric electricity? 
Relation of this topic to temperature and humidity. 
e. Altitude.—The subject analyzed. The utility of the changed mechanical 
conditions of respiration. Influence of lessened almospheric pressure upon the 
circulation and animal economy. 
III. To what extent does phthisis originate above the elevation of 5000 feet? 
Instances analyzed. Favorable conditions for preventing phthisis and lengthen- 
ing the years of the naturally short lived. 
IY. In the treatment of phthisis the utility of high altitudes rests with the 
adaptability of climate to the needs of special forms and complications of the 
disease. Comparison of experience elsewhere. Injurious effects of great eleva- 
tions, precautions, etc. 
Y. Relation of typical cases, with analysis; inferences and conclusions. 
YI. When and how to go to the Rocky Mountain slope ; kind of life to lead; 
advantages in winter and summer compared. A partial recovery necessitates a 
permanent residence. The remedy of high altitude too long delayed in the 
majority of instances. Duty of physicians in this regard. 
Section II. BIOLOGY. 
First Question.—Microscopy of the Blood. Reporter, Christopher 
Johnston, M.D., Professor of Surgery in the University of Mary- 
land. 
I. Introduction.—The original source of blood in vertebrates. 
II. Elements of blood in vertebrates. 
III. The normal elements having form exclusively considered, as regarded 
from two points of view : a, that of anatomy and physiology; and b, that of 
medical jurisprudence. 
IY. Genesis of corpuscles. 
Y. Form of colored corpuscles ; and b, their structure. 
VI. Leucocytes. 
VII. Size of colored corpuscles. 
VIII. Their enumeration. 
IX. The colored blood corpuscles in medical jurisprudence. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Second Question.—The Excretory Function of the Liver. Reporter, 
Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., Professor of Physiology in the Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York. 
Is the liver, as far as the production of bile is concerned, an organ for secre- 
tion, for excretion, or has the bile functions both as a secretion and an excretion ? 
The bile contains one substance, cholesterine, which is evidently separated from 
the blood by the liver and is not formed in the substance of the liver itself. The 
blood which goes to the liver contains more cholesterine than the blood which 
has circulated through this organ. It is evident that cholesterine is produced in 
certain of the tissues, particularly in the brain and nervous system. The blood 
gains cholesterine in its passage through the brain. In old cases of hemiplegia, 
there is no cholesterine in blood taken from the arm of the paralyzed side, while it 
exists in the blood from the sound side. In certain cases of structural disease of 
the liver, cholesterine accumulates in the blood and produces peculiar toxic effects. 
The same effects follow the injection of cholesterine into the blood of living ani- 
mals. Cholesterine is an excrementitious substance ; it bears the same relation 
to the liver that urea bears to the kidneys; it is discharged in the bile into the 
small intestine, is transformed during digestion into another substance (sterco- 
rine) and as stercorine exists in the faeces. In addition to the excrementitious 
function of the bile, this fluid has another function, which latter is connected 
with digestion and is essential to life. 
Third Question Pathological Histology of Cancer. Reporter, J. 
W. S. Arnold, M.D., Professor of Physiology in the University of 
the City of New York. 
Fourth Question—The Mechanism of Joints. Reporter, Harrison 
Allen, M.D., Professor of Comparative Anatomy in the University 
of Pennsylvania. 
(I.) Starting with the jdea that joints are of dynamic and static values, it will 
be shown that in most movable joints the ball and socket arrangement predomi- 
nates. When the ball is supported by the socket, as at the occipito-atloid articu- 
lation, rest is suggested. But when the ball is suspended from the socket, as at 
the temporo-maxillary articulation, motion is suggested. Attempts will be made 
to illustrate the etiology of fracture and dislocation by reference to this method 
of study. 
(II.) It will be premised that articular surfaces are of three kinds: axial, 
actinic, and lateral. The axial or primary surfaces are those situated upon 
proximal and distal ends of a bone in the line of its longitudinal axis. The 
actinic or secondary (rarely seen) are those placed in a line which is deflected 
from the longitudinal axis. The lateral or tertiary are those situated upon the 
sides of the shaft or body of a bone and serve for articulation with corresponding 
surfaces of other bones. 
E. g. The outer femoral condyle is axial, since it is placed in the line of the 
longitudinal axis of the femur. The internal femoral condyle is actinic, since its PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
line intersects the long axis of the femur, from which it may be said to be de- 
flected. The lateral facets of the metatarsal or tarsal bones serve to illustrate 
the lateral kind. 
(III.) Axial surfaces, it is believed, are static; actinic surfaces are dynamic; 
while lateral surfaces have subordinate degrees of value—some of them being 
adventitious. The outer femoral condyle is active in extension = static; the 
inner femoral condyle is active in flexion *= dynamic; but the lateral facets have 
no independent action. 
(IV.) Joints are fixed or locked at extremes of flexion and extension, and are 
most relaxed at the intervals between these extremes. An application of these 
premises will be made to the etiology of dislocation. 
(V.) It will be assumed that when a facet is actively employed it enters into a 
combination with which the entire limb is in harmony. Hence in the study of 
any one facet its relations to all others of its kind, as well as to the bones, mus- 
cles, and fasciae of its limb, become essentials. 
(VI.) It will be shown in conclusion that a correct knowledge of the sympto- 
matology and treatment of diseases of the joints is dependent upon a true con- 
ception of the complex nature of articular surfaces. 
Section III. SURGERY. 
First Question.—Antiseptic Surgery. Reporter, John T. Hodgen, 
M.D., Professor of Surgical Anatomy and of Clinical Surgery in the 
St. Louis Medical College. 
I. Putrefaction may and does occur in the solids and liquids of the body both 
with and without the direct contact of germs borne in the air or water. 
II. Putrefaction of the solids and liquids of an open wound may in many 
cases be prevented if the contact of living germs with the surface is not per- 
mitted, or by destroying their vitality after contact with it. 
III. It is possible that the living solids and liquids of the body may be so 
altered that they shall not furnish the conditions necessary to putrefaction. 
IV. Practically the conditions to be met in preventing putrefaction are so 
difficult that in many cases it is impossible to comply with them. Yet, even 
partial success is eminently worthy of our best efforts. 
Second Question.—Medical and Surgical Treatment of Aneurism. 
Reporter, William H Van Buren, M.D., Professor of the Princi- 
ples and Practice of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in the Bel- 
levue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
After a glance at the causes of aneurism and the sources of information at,the 
command of the reporter, he will rapidly enumerate the several modes of treat- 
ment at present in use, and endeavour to estimate the remedial value and especial 
applicability of each, aiming to furnish an answer to the following question:— 
In a given case of aneurism what method or methods, in the present state of 
our knowledge, promise the most safe and most certain cure ? INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Incidentally the following mooted questions will be touched upon, viz.: (a) 
why the blood coagulates so much more promptly in some cases of aneurism than 
in others where conditions are apparently alike; (b) the value of antiseptic 
treatment in securing quick union of the wound after applying a carbolized cat- 
gut ligature for the cure of aneurism after the Hunterian method; (c) the pro- 
priety of employing the carbolized catgut ligature upon a large artery; (d) the 
value of the “constricting” ligature of silver wire; (e) the comparative value of 
rapid and slow pressure; (/) the value of galvano-puncture—of coagulating 
injections, etc. etc. 
Third Question.—Treatment of Coxalgia. Reporter, Lewis A. Sayre, 
M.D., Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in 
the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
1st. Describe Coxalgia, and divide the disease into three different stages, 
giving the symptoms in each stage, so that they can be accurately diagnosti- 
cated. 
2d. The pathological changes in the joint in the three different stages of the 
disease. 
3d. The etiology or causation of the disease— 
(а) That the disease may occur in any person from a sufficient exciting cause, 
and that it is not of necessity of scrofulous origin. 
(б) That, instead of being a constitutional disease, arising without any excit- 
ing cause except the general taint of the system, proof will be offered that 
it is traumatic in its origin almost always if not always. 
4th. The treatment in the different stages— 
(a) Proper treatment in the majority of cases will result in recovery with 
good or perfect motion and without deformity. 
(&) If proper treatment has been neglected until the bone has become carious, 
exsection is justifiable and far preferable to the slow exfoliations of na- 
ture, giving much better results as to the usefulness of the limb, and 
infinitely better as to deformity of the body and motion of the joint. 
Fourth Question—The Causes and Geographical Distribution of 
Calculous Diseases. Reporter, Claudius H. Mastin, M.D., of Mo- 
bile, Alabama. 
In treating this subject, a brief notice will be made of the varieties and con- 
stituents of calculous concretions, tracing the formation and probable causes of 
gravel in the kidney, and afterwards of stone in the bladder:— 
(a) I shall consider hereditary influences governing diathesis, with the effect 
of habit and mode of life upon the formation of these deposits. 
(b) Reference will be made to climate, food, water, and the default of exercise, 
as bearing upon healthy digestion and assimilation. 
(c) The influence of age, sex, race, and occupation will be considered, and 
notice taken of moral and physical emotions; also the mechanical and traumatic 
causes of these affections. 
(d) The agency of the colloids in the formation of calculi will be examined. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
9 
(e) A review of the manner of formation of gravel in the kidney, its passage 
through the ureter, and lodgment in the bladder; and an outline of the geo- 
graphical sections in which calculous diseases are found to abound, with a sum- 
mary of their probable causes, will complete the paper. 
Section IY. DERMATOLOGY AND SYPIIILOLOGT 
First Question.—Yaviations in Tjqie and in Prevalence of Diseases 
of the Skin in Different Countries of Equal Civilization. Reporter, 
James C. White, M.D., Professor of Dermatology in Harvard Uni- 
versity. 
Second Question.—Are Eczema and Psoriasis Local Diseases, or are 
they Manifestations of Constitutional Disorders? Reporter, Lucius 
Duncan Bulkley, M.D., of New York. 
I. Nature of the eruption in constitutional disorders affecting the skin, as in 
the contagious fevers, syphilis, etc. 
II. Nature of local diseases. 
III. Microscopic anatomy of eczema and psoriasis. 
IY. Clinical history of eczema and psoriasis: a, age; b, sex; c, location; d, 
relapses; e, hereditary transmission;/, gouty and rheumatic symptoms; g, uri- 
nary disturbances; h, bronchitis, etc. 
Y. Clinical history of local diseases, epithelioma, verruca, parasitic and me- 
chanical diseases of the skin, etc. 
YI. Effect of local treatment. 
VII. Effect of constitutional treatment. 
Third Question.—The Virus of Venereal Sores; its Unity or 
Duality. Reporter, Freeman J. Bumstead, M.D., late Professor 
of Venereal Diseases at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
New York. 
Three views as to the origin of Venereal Sores have been entertained:— 
ls£. All Venereal Sores are due to a single, specific virus, the virus of syphilis. 
2d. Some Venereal Sores are due to the syphilitic virus, and others to a dis- 
tinct virus, known as the chancroidal. 
3cl. Some Venereal Sores are due to the syphilitic virus, and others to the 
inoculation of the products of simple inflammation, in which latter case no specific 
virus exists. 
The evidence for and against each of these suppositions, drawn from clinical 
experience and artificial inoculation. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Fourth Question.—The Treatment of Syphilis with Special Refer- 
ence to the Constitutional Remedies appropriate to its various 
Stages; the Duration of their Use, and the Question of their Con- 
tinuous or Intermittent Employment. Reporter, E. L. Keyes, M.D., 
Adjunct Professor of Surgery and Professor of Dermatology in Bel- 
levue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
I. Does a mild beginning in syphilis necessarily indicate that the malady will 
run a mild course so that the duration of treatment may be regulated thereby? 
II. Is the internal use of mercury debilitating ? 
III. When is mercury useful in syphilis ? Has it any control over the late 
symptoms ? 
IY. When is iodine useful in syphilis? Can it replace mercury in any stage 
of the disease ? 
Y. Does iodine act by liberating mercury lying latent in the tissues ? 
YI. Should treatment be continuous or interrupted? 
YII. General outline of a course of internal treatment. 
YIII. Conclusions, negative and positive. 
Section Y. OBSTETRICS. 
First Question.—The Causes and the Treatment of Non-Puerperal 
Hemorrhages of the Womb. Reporter, William H. By-ford, M.D., 
Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in 
the Chicago Medical College. 
I. A sequential classification approached by showing 
(a) That the uterus is prone to hemorrhage, because of the conditions con- 
nected with menstruation. 
(&) That the causes of metrorrhagia act by aggravating these conditions. 
(c) That these causes sometimes have their origin in the nervous system and 
sometimes in the vascular. 
(d) That of the latter causes some operate by increasing the flow of blood 
through the uterine vessels, while others effect the same results by retarding the 
current of blood in them. 
II. The treatment consists 
(a) In removing the causes, and 
(b) In surgical, mechanical, and medicinal means to check the flow in great 
emergencies. 
Second Question.—The Mechanism of Natural and of Artificial 
Labor in Narrow Pelves. Reporter, William Goodell, A.M., M.D., 
Clinical Professor of Diseases of Women and of Children in the 
* 
University of Pennsylvania. 
After defining a narrow pelvis, and describing the more common kinds of pelvic 
deformity, the following topics, regarding alone the mechanism of labor, will be 
introduced for discussion :— PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
11 
I. How does the head enter and pass the brim in the flat pelvis; and how in 
the generally contracted pelvis ? The commonly accepted doctrine of the initial 
flexion of the head will here be contested. 
II. How does the after-coming head behave in the flat pelvis; and how in the 
generally contracted pelvis ? 
III. What effect has instrumental interference on the mechanism of labor in 
such pelves ? 
IY. Has turning any mechanical advantages over the use of the forceps ? 
Y. General conclusions deduced from a consideration of the above questions. 
Third Question.—The Treatment of Fibroid Tumours of the Uterus. 
Reporter, Washington L. Atlee, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
The subject will be treated mainly from the standpoint of personal experience. 
Two principal divisions of the subject are :— 
I. Tumors usually accompanied with hemorrhage, embracing (a), fibroids 
occupying the vaginal canal; (6), fibroids within the cavity of the uterus; (c), 
interstitial submucous fibroids ; (d), interstitial fibroids proper; (e), recurrent 
fibroids. 
II. Tumors usually not accompanied with hemorrhage, including (a), intersti- 
tial subperitoneal fibroids; (b), sessile peritoneal fibroids; (c), pedunculated 
peritoneal fibroid; (d), interstitial cervical fibroid; (e), myomatous degeneration 
of the uterus; (/), fibro-cysts of the uterus. 
The best mode of treatment both surgical and medicinal—the removal of 
tumors per vias naturales—and by abdominal section—the. propriety of extir- 
pating a fibroid uterus by either of these methods—a consideration of the seve- 
ral agents which are supposed to control the growth of fibroid tumors. 
f 
Fourth Question.—The Nature, Causes, and Prevention of Puer- 
peral Fever. Reporter, William T. Lusk, M.D., Professor of Ob- 
stetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College, New York. 
Puerperal fever a generic term. 
Varieties.—Distinction between non-infectious and infectious forms. 
(a) The non-infectious form the result of— 
Traumatic injuries. 
Old peritoneal adhesions. 
Disregard of hygienic precautions. 
Mental influences. 
(b) The infectious form a septic disease— 
Local lesions the usual though not the necessary point through which 
the poison enters the system. 
Relations of bacteria to puerperal fevgr. 
The influence of erysipelas, scarlatina, diphtheria, etc., upon the puer- 
peral state. 
Atmospheric influences. 12 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Causes.—Deductions drawn from— 
Civil Statistics. 
Hospital Statistics. 
Private Practice. 
Prevention.—Rules based upon our knowledge of causes. 
Practical Results. 
Section VI. OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
First Question.—The Comparative Value of Caustics and Astrin- 
gents in the Treatment of Diseases of the Conjunctiva, and the best 
mode of applying them. Reporter, Henry W. Williams, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Ophthalmology in Harvard University. 
I. Affections of the conjunctiva in which neither caustics nor astringents are 
indicated; 
II. The various forms of conjunctivitis, and the extent in which caustics or 
astringents may be.usefully applied; 
III. The modes of applying these remedies to best advantage ; 
IV. Complications—in which the conjunctivitis is the result of other morbid 
processes—or in which the existing morbid conditions are the consequence of pre- 
vious conjunctivitis, with the treatment of such complications. 
Second Question.—Tumors of the Optic Nerve. Reporter, Her- 
mann Knapp, M.D., of New York. 
Third Question.—Orbital Aneurismal Disease and Pulsating Ex- 
ophthalmia; their Diagnosis and Treatment. Reporter, E. Wil- 
liams, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in Miami Medical College 
of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Fourth Question.—Are Progressive Myopia and Posterior Staphy- 
loma due to Hereditary Predisposition, or can they be induced by 
Defects of Refraction, acting through the Influence of the Ciliary 
Muscle? Reporter, E. G. Loring, M.D., of New York. 
I. The hereditary predisposition of myopia. 
(a) How far the law of direct transmission is influenced by the secondary law 
of heredity, which expresses itself in the tendency to revert to the normal 
standard. 
(b) How far this tendency is influenced by intermarriage of different races, 
change of occupation, food, and manner of living. 
These topics will be illustrated by a brief comparison of the statistics of foreign 
countries with those taken in America. 
II. The development of the normal eye, and its relation to the conus and 
posterior staphyloma. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
(a) Is the conus an anatomical and congenital defect inherent in myopic eyes, 
and such that become myopic through hereditary tendency? or 
(b) Is it simply the expression of a distension of the investing membranes 
which may occur in any eye from various causes? 
III. The action of the ciliary muscle as a cause of myopia. 
(a) The anatomy of the part and its relation to myopia. 
(b) Can the continued contraction of the ciliary muscle produce myopia, either 
primarily through a permanent increased curvature of the lens, or secondarily 
through tension and irritation of the deeper seated membranes ? 
(c) A short consideration of the statistics published by various authorities in 
regard to spasm of the muscle. 
(d) An inquiry whether negative accommodation, even in connection with 
faulty refraction, can ever produce myopia and posterior staphyloma. 
Section VII. OTOLOGY. 
First Question.—Importance of Treatment of Aural Diseases in 
their Early Stages, especially when arising from the Exanthemata. 
Reporter, Albert H. Buck, M.I)., of New York. 
I. Remarks will be based exclusively on affections of the middle ear associated 
with the formation of pus. 
II. Chronic purulent inflammation of the middle ear is a common affection 
among the individuals of a community. 
III. The serious nature of this form of disease, oftentimes impairing the hear- 
ing very markedly, and occasionally terminating in death. 
IY. The anatomical relations of the middle ear afford an explanation of the 
serious results that may follow an acute inflammation of these parts. 
Y. The impotent nature of the means commonly employed for the relief of 
such an inflammation. 
YI. The great value of paracentesis of the membrana tympani as a prevent- 
ive of chronic purulent inflammation of the middle ear, and all its serious con- 
sequences. 
YII, The general practitioner urged to acquaint himself with the use of the 
speculum and mirror, as means of ascertaining accurately the condition of the 
ear. 
Second Question.—What is the Best Means of Testing the Hearing? 
By Charles H. Burnett, A.M., M.D., Aural Surgeon to the Pres- 
byterian Hospital in Philadelphia. 
I. Consideration of the character of the three principal tests (the watch, the 
tuning-fork, and speech) in use among aurists. The manner in which these tests 
are heard by the normal ear, an.d wherein the diseased ear fails to hear them. 
(a) The watch, once classed among unmusical sounds or noises; lately classed 
among musical tones. Its value, applicability, etc. 
In using the watch as a test it is important to bear in mind the intensity as 
■ INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
well as the position of its note in the musical scale. Its limited applicability; 
The stop-watch most useful; conclusions respecting the watch as a test for hearing. 
(b) The tuning-fork. Its note heard by the normal ear better through the 
air than through the bones of the head. When conveyed to the ear through the 
air the tones of the tuning-fork are tests of the capability of the sound-conduct- 
ing, as well as for the sound-perceiving apparatus. The notes of the tuning-fork 
maybe conveyed through the bones of the head; bone conduction. Phenomena 
consequent upon placing a vibrating tuning-fork on the parietal protuberances 
of one having normal hearing—Blake’s Koenig’s Rods. Aerial and bone con- 
duction of the vibrations of a tuning fork in diseases of the ear. The tuning- 
fork used chiefly in the latter way. 
Conclusions respecting the tuning-fork as a test. 
(c) Speech ; what it consists of acoustically. Its great range in comparison to 
either of the other tests mentioned. The vowels the most powerful and musical 
of all its notes. Their classification. The consonants also admitted to the rank 
of periodic, and hence musical sounds. Whisper and louder speech as tests. 
The failure on the part of the diseased ear to hear all or part of these tests ol 
speech. 
II. Deficiencies and discrepancies in the hearing power of the diseased ear. 
In some cases the power to hear certain sounds in the musical scale drops out. 
while the power to hear others remains comparatively good. 
Can disease be diagnosed by the manner in which an ear hears certain tests? 
If so, what will give most aid in such a search? Most probably the voice. 
IIT. Manner of Testing.—(a) The importance of isolation of the better ear, 
during the test, in one-sided deafness. In any case, important to know how 
much is heard through the air, and how much is conveyed through the bones of 
the head. Want of precision in this has led to great errors in diagnosis and 
prognosis, in cases in which the nerve is good, but in which the sound-conducting 
apparatus, chiefly the middle ear, has been greatly diseased. 
(b) Consideration of what is needed for any form of test. An arbitrary sound 
unit may be established. Its usefulness and its objections. An apparatus might 
be made to give out a set of notes of fixed value. The usefulness of such an 
apparatus as well as its disadvantages. How well the demands of any test are 
met by watch, tuning-fork, and human voice. Conclusions favourable to the 
latter drawn from preceding remarks. 
Third Question.—In what Percentage of Cases do Artificial Drum- 
Membranes prove of Practical Advantage? Reporter, H. N. Spen- 
cer, M.D., of St. Louis. 
I. After reviewing the history of the artificial drum-membrane, there are con- 
sidered (a) the condition of the ear admitting of its use, (6) contra-indicating 
conditions. 
II. The forms of artificial drum-membranes (under which head a preference 
will be stated for Yearsley’s cotton-wool). 
III. The offices performed functional and therapeutical. 
IY. When the conditions are the most favorable it will be claimed that the 
cases are the fewest in number where the artificial drum-membrane will be worn, 
whether the reasons be objective or subjective. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
15 
Fourth Question.—What is the best Mode of Determining the Hear- 
ing of School Children, and how should Partially Deaf Children be 
instructed—in Mixed Classes with those who hear well, or in Sepa- 
rate Classes where due allowance will be made for their defective 
hearing ? Reporter, Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Instructor in Otology 
in Harvard Universit}’. 
I. The methods of testing the hearing, preference being given to (a) test with 
the human voice as proposed by Oskar Wolf, for classes of consonant sounds at 
varying distances; (b) tests with the watch and musical tones. In cases of 
defective hearing, detected in school children, an examination of the condition of 
the ear will be advised with reference to progress in defect of hearing and classi- 
fication accordingly. 
II. Classification according to degree of defect in hearing, in accordance with 
which it will be advisable either to place the child in an ordinary school or in a 
special class. This heading will necessarily include a consideration of the dis- 
eases which most commonly cause deafness in children. 
III. Consideration of that class requiring special instruction, for which prefer- 
ence will be given to the system of visible speech or lip reading in contrast to 
the sign language. 
Under the first heading will be given a form for tabulation of examination of 
the ears in school children. 
Under the second heading will be considered the facilities at present afforded 
in common schools for the instruction of partially deaf children. 
Under the third heading an illustration of the method of instruction by visible 
speech. 
Section VIII. SANITARY SCIENCE. 
First Question.—Disposal and Utilization of Sewage and Refuse. 
Reporter, John H. Rauch, M.D., late Sanitary Superintendent of 
Chicago, 111. 
Second Question.—Hospital Construction and Ventilation. Re- 
porter, Stephen Smith, M.D., Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery in 
the University of the City of New York. 
Third Question.—The General Subject of Quarantine, with Particular 
Reference to Cholera and Yellow Fever. Reporter, John M. Wood- 
worth, M.D., Supervising Surgeon-General United States Marine 
Hospital Service. 
After reviewing briefly the practice of quarantine in the past, and as at pre- 
sent administered, the mode of propagation of cholera and yellow fever will be 
discussed with the view of arriving, as near as possible, at what precautions are 
necessary and what restrictions superfluous in the administration of quarantine, INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
which will lead to the principal question—the practice and methods which should 
be pursued to secure the greatest protection to the public health against cholera 
and yellow fever with the least restriction upon commerce:— 
(a) In this connection will be considered the wTant of prompt information to 
threatened ports of the shipment of passengers or goods from infected 
districts; 
(&) The question of time as an element in quarantine; 
(c) The value and practice of disinfection; 
(d) The importance of municipal sanitary cooperation; and 
(e) What may be gained by imparting to masters of vessels correct views of 
sanitary measures to be enforced by them in outbreaks of cholera or 
yellow fever on shipboard, etc. 
Fourtei Question.—The Present Condition of the Evidence concern- 
ing “ Disease-germs.” Reporter, Thomas E. Satterthwaite, M.D., 
of Neiv York. 
The (1) Vegetable Germ Theory in contradistinction from other prominent 
theories, especially (2) the. Bioplasm Theory, and (3) the Physico-Chemical 
Theory. 
Especial attention will be directed towards the following general topics: (a) 
The agency of minute organized particles of a vegetable nature in the produc- 
tion of fermentation and putrefaction ; (6) the epidemic diseases of certain plants 
and animals in their relation to minute vegetable organisms; (c) rapid multipli- 
cation of bacteria pari passu with the rapid spread of disease manifestations 
throughout the system; (d) the constant ratio between the most active changes 
in the so-called septic diseases, such as pyeemia, erysipelas, and puerperal fever, 
with the numerical increase in bacteria at the points involved; (e) can any 
strictly chemical substance be a fever producer? (/) bacteria and disease poi- 
sons : their capacity for successfully maintaining active properties ; (g) inocula- 
tion of bacteria in healthy tissues. 
The following special topics will then be considered:— 
I. Bacteria: (a) their classification; (b) diagnosis; (c) appearances under 
varying conditions. 
II. The poisonous fluids of infective diseases, as regards their physical proper- 
ties and the solid particles contained in them. 
III. The value of vacuum tube experiments. 
IV. How far are either the Bioplasm or the Physico-Chemical Theories com- 
petent to explain the spread of infective diseases ? 
V. The poisons of special diseases, such as cholera, smallpox, the carbuncular 
diseases of men and animals, typhus and relapsing fevers and diphtheria, in their 
relations to minute organisms. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
17 
Section IX. MENTAL DISEASES. 
First Question.—The Microscopical Study of the Brain. Reporter, 
Walter H. Kempster, M.D., Physician and Superintendent of 
Northern Hospital for Insane, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 
A brief statement will be made outlining the progress made by recent investi- 
gators in studying the pathological histology of the brain in insanity, and the 
following subjects will be introduced. 
(a) The importance of microscopic observations of the several cerebral mem- 
branes, to determine their pathological condition, and the relations that the vari- 
ous pathological states hold to the forms of mental aberration. 
(b) The abnormalities in arterioles and capillaries, including the various de- 
posits on the walls of the vessels; engorgement and its consecpiences; the several 
changes observed in the coats of the vessels; occlusion from minute thrombi; and 
embolism; alterations in the course of the vessels, and the effect these conditions 
have upon the surrounding brain tissue. 
(c) Miliary aneurisms and miliary hemorrhages; the effect they have in the 
production of brain disease. 
(d) The peri-vascular sheath, and peri-vascular canal, as they are found in 
cases of insanity, will be considered in their relations to adjacent brain tissue. 
(e) The various alterations of structure and form noted in nerve cells and 
nerve fibres, in the several forms of insanity. 
(/) The abnormalities in the neuroglia, and the conditions called “miliary 
sclerosis,” and “colloid degenerations,” will be described, and the influence each 
condition has in impairing normal cerebral action will be discussed. 
(g) The various pathological conditions found in the microscopic examination 
of the brain in a number of cases of insanity, will be illustrated by means of 
photo-micrographs, made from fresh and prepared specimens. The pathological 
states observed will be considered with reference to the mental symptoms noticed 
during the course of the various forms of insanity. 
Second Question Responsibility of the Insane for Criminal Acts. 
Reporter, Isaac Ray, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
Still great differences of opinion among physicians, lawyers, and men of the 
world, on the question how far insanity shall be admitted as an excuse for crime. 
Lord Hale’s doctrine that partial insanity—that in which the patient is reason- 
able and correct on many subjects—does not necessarily exempt one from the 
penal consequences of crime, still shapes the decisions of English and American 
courts. Tests for determining what kind of partial insanity does and what does 
not excuse for crime are diverse, unsatisfactory, and none supported by correct 
scientific knowledge of insanity. Delusion has been decided to be a sufficient 
excuse only when the criminal act committed under its influence would have 
been legally justified had the delusion been true. Notwithstanding many of the 
insane think and act correctly to some extent, yet it is impossible to say with 
any near approach to certainty in any given case where sanity ends and insanity 
begins. 18 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Two mistakes are made by lawyers in estimating the responsibility of the 
insane, viz., they define the scope of the influence of the mental disorder in an 
arbitrary manner, unsupported by the facts of psychological science, and they 
regard the affective faculties as without any part in the play of disease. The 
latter mistake pervades the theories of the law and the judgments of those who 
pretend to no law. The moral like the intellectual faculties are dependent for 
their exercise on the brain—the larger part of the brain, probably, being devoted 
to this purpose. Consequently, disease of the brain must necessarily affect the 
manifestations of these faculties. Whether the one or the other class, or both, 
is affected will depend on the part of the brain diseased. Sanity supposes the 
integrity of all the faculties, moral as well as intellectual. If this integrity is 
destroyed, insanity is the result wherever the lesion may be. Whatever faculties 
may be affected or not affected, apparently, responsibility is presumably impaired. 
It is for the party alleging the contrary to prove it. Punishment of persons 
admitted to be insane, for criminal acts, has been advocated for the sake of the 
example. No good effect can be shown by a single case in point. Patients in 
our hospitals are never punished ; they may be deprived of a favor or privilege 
which they have shown themselves incapable of using properly. 
Wrong as our present mode of procedure is, no change for the better seems 
very practicable, unless it may be that which takes the question of insanity 
entirely from the court and gives it to the jury as one exclusively of fact. 
Third Question Simulation of Insanity by the Insane. Reporter, 
C. H. Hughes, M.D., of St. Louis, Mo. 
The feigning of insanity by the sane has been long recognized as a practical 
fact. The possibility of similar efforts on the part of men really insane has been 
ignored or forgotten. The fact that the proof of simulation possesses no real 
practical value, in the case of a person already adjudged to be insane, is, proba- 
bly, one cause of the rareness of recorded cases. 
Advanced general dementia is incompatible with simulation. Acute and 
general mania is also incapable of coexistence with feigning. In recovery from 
the latter condition, circumstances might easily give rise to simulation of a state 
recently passed through. Experience and observation might certaiuly help to 
an excellent imitation of a state so lately endured. 
Simulation requires and implies some degree of rationality, and usually some 
motive. This is by no means incompatible with insanity. In the remissions of 
periodic mania, in certain cases of chronic general mania and certain forms of 
hysterical mania, and especially in affective or moral insanity without distinct 
intellectual impairment, simulation is perfectly possible and practicable. The 
existence of susceptibility to ordinary motives is recognized in the management 
of every insane asylum. 
Striking instances of success in the simulated abandonment of delusions, so 
common in alienistic literature, suggestan equal facility at invention or pretence. 
The criminal classes of our great cities are born and trained to deception. 
Simulation might very naturally be added to constitutional infirmity. Such 
cases probably occur oftener than is supposed. Many famous and historic cases 
might be most correctly characterized as compounds of simulation with actual 
disease. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
19 
Earely does insanity affect all the faculties alike. Among the rational acts 
done by the insane man simulation may happen to occur. Especially probable 
is it that a man recovering from mania might imitate the crazy acts recently 
prompted by disease if adequate motive existed. 
Simulation is peculiarly practicable in those forms of insanity which involve 
the affective faculties, leaving the intellect comparatively untouched. 
The question of responsibility in cases where simulation is mingled with actual 
disease is a very difficult one. The ancient legal test, “knowledge of right and 
wrong,” is here wholly inadequate. 
The motive for simulation in the insane of hysterical tendencies is often the 
craving for sympathy and attention. Occasionally, however, it seems to be 
wholly motiveless—a mere freak of disease. 
We should beware of inferring because of detected simulation, the non-exist- 
ence of disease. 
Fourth Question.—The Best Provision for the Chronic Insane. 
Reporter, C. H. Nichols, M.D., Physician and Superintendent of 
the Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, D. C. I strikimr events which influenced 'the nractiue. 
rice io»l publications, until the library is made as 
Complete as possible. 
Second. That in view of the necessity of what is 
known as a Catalogue raisonne in order to render 
the librarv properly available for reference, this 
International Medical Congress urge the Import 
ance of an early completion and publication of 
such a catalogue. 
Third. That the specimen Fasciculus of the 
catalogue, which Is stated to be nearly ready for 
tbe press, affords evidence of great labor aud 
care, and the arrangements for convenience of 
reference is believed will prove in all respects 
satisfactory. 
Fourth. That those of the delegates to this In- 
ternational Medical Oongress who are citizens of 
the United States,and other members of the medi- 
cal profession in this country, are urged lndlvldu- 
rlly to exert their Influence to secure the enlarge- 
ment of the library and the speedy publication of 
the catalogue. 
The Comm ittee 
Oh Nominations 
presented the folio wing additional report, which 
was adopted:— 
Committee on Publication (with power to choose 
ita chairman and an editor)—Dr. J. Ashuurat. Tr., 
Dr. R. J. Dungiison, Dr. William Goodell, Dr. J. 
H. Hutchison, Dr. Caspar Wister. 
Treasurer—Dr. Caspar Wister. 
Viee-Prestdents of the Sections—Medicine, D* 
R. P. Howard, Canada; Dr. J. J. Woodward, U. 
N. A. Biology, Dr. A. Flint. Jr , New York; Dr. 
F. W. Campbell, Canada. Surger*, Dr. J. A. 
Grdnt, Canada; I)r. J. Ashhurst.Jr.,Philadelphia. 
Dermatology and Syphllology, Dr. S. Eaglostet, 
Copenhagen; Dr. E. Shippon, TT. S. Navy. 
Costetrics—Dr. A. Simpson, Edinburgh; Dr. W. 
H. Byford, Illinois. , 
Ophthalmology—Dr. William Thomson, "Phila- 
delphia; Dr. W. H. William, Texas 
Otology—Dr. A. Buck, New York; Dr. C. J. 
Blake, Boston. 
Sanitary Science—Dr. J. S. Billings, United 
States Army; Dr. II. B. Baker, Michigan. 
Mortal Diseases—Dr. J. Ray, Philadelphia; Dr. 
E. Grissom, New Orleans. 
An address on Hygiene and Preventive Medioiue 
was read by 
Henry 1. BowdftcDi, 9X. D , 
President of the State Board of Health of Massa- 
chusetts, and Prerldent of the American Medical 
Association. The paper statos that public hygiene, 
as we now understand that term, has, till within 
a very short time, been woefully neglected, even 
when, funder the stimulus of some great 
and terrible epidemic, frantic but temporary 
efforts have been made to stay the plague by hy- 
gienic or ty other means. Of late, however, a 
new and better era seems opening to our view, 
and State preventive medicine affords us higher 
hopes for all coming time. To this 
last, this noblest phase of public hygiene, its 
very gradual evolution out of the dogmatism and 
skepticism of the past, Its present status, our 
duties relative thereto, and our golden hopes for 
its future, the writer craves the candid considera- 
tion of the Congress. 
We cannot, in the consideration of them, confine 
to this country, but must fre- 
ouentlv refe* t0 th8 men anl Idoas of.other coun- 
tries, as well as to IP?90 ,of our own. 
In its medical so-clal past centenary 
easily divides itself inte 
Three Vueqasl Epoch?, 
viz., first, from 1778 to 1832, the era of theory iflfl 
of dogmatism; second, from 18*2 to 1869, is that of 
strict observation, and of bold, often reckless, 
skepticism; third, from 1869 to 1876, which Is des- 
tined to continue anl progress while the nation 
Itself lives, the noblest and mist beneficent of ail. 
It is the epoch of State preventive medicine. 
The Illustrious Boerhaavc began to enunciate his 
doctrines of disease at Leyden in 1701, His doc 
trines held sway In America until about 1785, or 
ten years before the opening of our centennial 
period. Following closely after him came Hoff- 
man, Cullen, Brown, Darwin, and each with his 
own peculiar system. 
Cur own ingenious and renowhod countryman, 
BefiJinllT Rush, in 1780 'p?ocia{*£Si **; own ideas, 
viz , thftt a coavui*i»o motion of the arteriSS !S the 
proximate cause of all fevers, however different 
the causes ma» be. Benjamin Rush was one of 
the molt noteworthy men this country 
has produced, and ho had more Influ- 
ence than any other one person upon 
medical opinion during the first epoch. Dr, Rush’s 
theory and dogmatism were destined to fait 
under the influence of the facinating theories of 
Broussais. The epoch in this country fmgan when 
Dr. Gerhard, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Jackson, of 
Boston, returned to America. 
We need faith in an idea before we can actively 
build It up, and this we find in the third epoco. 
The medical profession owe to the laity the first 
great eflort made in behalf of State preventive 
medicine. Its destiny is fixed, and the Ideas un- 
derlying it will always bo hold In high e3team. 
In 1869 a State Board of Health was established 
in Massachusetts. Europe has influenced us in 
this matter, and by far the greatest influence has 
been lrom England. The United States Govern- 
ment has done a vast sanitary work. As the 
Crimean war told the world much relative to this 
subject, so did our late war bring forward many 
beneficent institutions. Through these money 
and fcod were distributed to the sick and wounded, 
loes as well as friends. 
Tbe National Quarantine Convention, 
so-called, also had an extensive Influence. Every 
surgeon, Federal or Confederate, who served 
during tbe war became more practically versed (a 
the prevention of disease than he was before. The 
American sociai science has done a good work 1 
daring the past few years. 
.During the past three or four years there has 
sprung up throughout the oountry a thought of 
the great necessity for hygienic measures, a 
large majority of the States and Territories of this 
Union do not appriciate the duties devolved upon 
them to care lor the health of their citizens. Of 
the forty-eight governments of this Union but 
thirty-four show any care for the health of their 
citizens. 
With reference to public hygiene, thtrty-six 
States and Territories reply that they are unwil- 
ling to spend money for the formation of local or 
State Boards of Healtn, and ton reply yes. 
To the question, Is a State willing to spend 
money to prevent the adulteration of food? twenty- 
three answered no and sixteen yes. 
Twelve only of the States have State Boards of 
Health and not one has a full list of correspondents 
Twenty States answer that they have a law lor 
the registration of births, deaths, and marriages, 
and sixteen have none. 
Twenty-four s tates repors that nothing has been 
done for the drainage of land, and one cannot but 
recommend the example of Illinois to the example 
of ber sister Legislatures. What the Moors did 
for Grenada the Mormons have to a certain extent, 
done for cur Great American desert. 
Several large cities in this Union aTe likely to 
be subject to cholera or some other disease in con- 
sequence of the water supply. There should be a 
law that every child should be vaccinated at birth, 
and at certain periods thereafter. 
.Relative to the passage of a law regulating 
Tenement Konaeti 
fe? the poor, Dr. Bowditch said there are houses 
in this country and in Europe whore the poor are 
obliged to reside, and where it is impossible for 
them to grow ap except to crime, filth, and dis- 
ease. 
Two.thirds of the people of this Union are living 
utterly regardless of whether they are drinking 
pure water, or water impregnated with filth. 
We now stand at the door of the greatest epoch 
ever seen in medicine. Our art looks at present 
to the prevention as well as the cure of disease. 
Our present duty, said the Doctor, is organiza- 
tion; the aged may give counsel ti the young of 
the present. He appealed with all the earnest- 
ness at his command to the young men of the 
present hour. There are bright hope* for toe 
future, and public hygiene is founded upon 
natural law. , m , 
An address on Medical Chemistry anl Toxico- 
logy was then rea<i<by 
Tbeodme ti, Wormley, M. D,, 
Professor of Chemistry in Starling Medical Col- 
lege, Columbus, Ohio He said everywuore an 
eflort was made In tbe early ages to make nature 
reveal 8omo secret that would be of use la tue 
healing art. It is new only a century Moce 
cbemiBtry has taken its place as a sclenoe. Only 
two years ago the chemists of Great Britain and 
Europe celebrated the centennial of chomistry. In 
this country we have not been idle in advancing 
this department of science. 
The connection between chemistry and medicine 
is of great importance, and we must not overlook 
the ocse connection between chemistry and phar- 
macy. One hundred years ago the only institu- 
tion that had a chair of chenaisry was tne Hh'la 
delphia Medical College, since merged in the 
University rl Pennsylvania. Tnls Professor was 
the rerowned and celebrated I)r. Bejjamin Kind. 
In 1803 Professor Benjamin SUllnmin, the first 
Proles?or of Chemistry in Yale College, entered | 
upon hts duties. 
Dr. Robert Hare became Professor of Chemistry | 
in the University of Pennsylvania in 1818 He had ; 
great mechanical abilities, and in 1828 published 
a valuable compendium of chemistry, in 1833 
Professors Wood and Bache published the first 
edition of the Vnited'States Dispensatory. "" 
Lobelia was examined anemically in 1833 by Dr. 
Calboun American hellebore was from 
the Indians chiefly as a poison. The first chemi- 
cal examination of thl* plant was made in 1835. 
We find >hat in 1776 Dr. Priestly disc jvered 
what he called depblogistlcated nitrous air. In 
experiments with nitrous oxide and ether there 
were cases in which perfect insensibility never was 
produced. 
The science of 
Toxicology 
is one of the highest importance to the race. Bt- 
fore the presenicentury little waskoownof poisons 
beyond their deadly effects. In 1795 Dr. Joseph 
Black declared that one grain of arsenic was tha 
least he could detect. The copper test has proved 
a most admirable method for the discovery of the 
poison. An important paper on this subject was 
published in 1832 by Dr. J. K. Mitchell, of this 
°*In 1827 Professor Robert, Hare proposed a met hod 
for determining the presence of opium. Another 
paper of importance is that of Dr. John T. Reese, 
of Philadelphia, for tne detection of strychnine. 
There are many animal and vegetable poisons 
tbe exact nature of the active principle of which 
has not yet been determined. 
Less than a century ago there were few organic 
poison8 for which special tests were known. There 
are some poisons the discovery of which maybe 
made by a combination of tests. It is less than a 
quarter of a century since the microsoope has oeen 
used to determine a test. By the mlcrospaotro- 
scope ditooveries of great value have been made. 
It is useful In the detection of blood, and discrimi- 
nates the coloring matter. 
Although all poisons are absorbed, It is found 
that few undergo marked changes, physical or 
chemical, in the blood. 
He congress then adjourned until 10 A. M. to- 
moirow. In organizing the congress the commission may 
have been guilty of undue partiality towards their 
own country. Perhaps such a tendency was, after 
all, only natural. However this may be. certain 
members felt an irresistible desire to show the 
world what the century, since tne establishment 
of our independence as a free and sovereign peo- 
ple'has accomplished for scientific medicine. For 
this purpose topics illustrative of the progress and 
present condition of the different branches of medi- 
cine in the United atatea have been assigned to 
gentlemen of acknowledged rank in the profession 
In ditterent sections of the Union. These exer- 
cises will, it is believed, add grea’ly to the inte- 
rest of the occasion. Time was when we had no 
medical literature—no medleal science—when we 
were utterly helpless, and wholly dependent udor 
the aid derived from our European brethren, espe- 
cially the English, whose language, practice, and 
habits we made our own. The poverty of the coun- 
try in these respects cannot be better illustrated 
than by the fact that we had no native works on 
medic ne and the collateral sciences until alter 
the commencement of the present oentury. Many 
of you will recall the words of the great English 
lexicographer who, In 1769, m speaking of th»> 
American colonies., exclaimed, “Sir, they are a. 
race of convicts, and ought to be thankful far any. 
thing we allow them short of hanging.” The 
Abte Kaynal, writing in the latter part of the 
last century, declared that America had nitye-, 
; produced a single man of genius; and the exclama- 
tion of a celebrated Sootch reviewer, uttered at a 
more recent period, “Who reads an American 
book, who goes to an American play, or who 
looks at an American picture?” Is still fresh In 
the memory of many of the present race of men. 
The discourses whioh will be delivered before you 
on the progress or American msdlclne will serve 
to show that the profess'on of the Unite i States 
has earned for Itself an enviable reputation, and 
that It Is tally abreast with all the other pursuits 
that adorn the human mind and shed lustre upon 
j the scientific character of the nation. They will 
serve to show that we have passed the period of 
medical provincialism, and that wo stand upon a 
lofty platform, to which we need not be ashamed 
to invite the representative men of the profession 
of foreign countries, however Illustrious, or how- 
ever far advanced in the arts of civilization. 
The different sections, organized by the commis- 
sion, must speak for themselves. It is in them 
that the work of the congress is mainly to be done x 
where the Interchange of scientific ideas is to be 
effected, and from which the meeting is to derive 
Its chief glory as an international body of soisn- 
tifle and enlightened men. 
It will he recollected that attempts have hseu 
maoe in different quarters and at different times 
to establish a uniformity of scientific nomencla- 
ture, weights, measures, and records of disease, 1 
for the medical profession in all parts of the civil, 
ized world. The plan, if carried out, cannot fall 
to advance, in an eminent degree, the Interests of 
medical science; and I am happy to state that it is 
proposed to discuss the subject fully In one of the 
sections. 
We arc npon the threshold of anewcentury. On» 
hundred years have passed away since the grant 
old bell upon Independence Hall announced to the 
i world the birth of a new nation, and liberty not 
only to our own citizens but to all peoples of th i 
earth. The century that has just elapsed was the 
most wonderful In all that pertains to human pro- 
gress, to discovery, to invention, to improvement, 
to refinement and intellectual culture; In a word, 
to all that ennobles and exalts human nature la 
Its various aspects and phases, that has been 
vouchsafed to man since God said, “Let there be 
light.” The science of medicine has been com- 
pletely revolutionized within our own day. The 1 
saying, “Old things have passed away, behold all 
things are new,” has literally been fulfilled. The 
microscope, chemical analysis, olinleal observa 
tion, and experiments upon the inferior animals, 
are leading on the medical mind with wondrous 
velocity in the pursuit of knowledge, and adding 
daily new facts to our stock of information far be- 
yond what the wildest fancy could have conoeived 
of even a third of a century ago. Dogmatism, 
once so dominant In the schools, has ceased to 
ext6t, and no unacknowledged theories are any 
longer received by the scientist. Facts, resting 
upon the broad basis of observation and experi 
ment, repeated and varied in a thousand ways, 
alone are relied upon as worthy of acceptance and 
as safe guides in practice. Hippocratic medicine 
ia the order of the day. Everything bows before 
Its divine behests. 
In every corner of the habitable globe, pene- 
trated by the light of civilization, busy, active 
minds, endowed with high culture, and actuated 
by the noblest resolves, are at work, exploring the 
mysteries of disease, and devising means or 
methods of troatmont, for the relief of suffering 
and tho prolongation of life. The busy bee was 
never more Industriously engaged in gathering 
honey from the flower of the field than the 
modern physician is in gathering knowledge at 
the bedside oi the sick, and garnering it for future 
use. Much of what Is considered by many as 
established must be reviewed in the light of 
modern science: new avenues mast be opened 
and the ball, composed of myriads of threads more 
delicately formed than any ever spun by Penelope 
must be puBhed onward and upward by the united 
efforts ot the medical profession in all parts of the 
world. How far the Centennial International 
Congress shall promote these desirable objects 
time alone can determine. It may safely be pre- 
dicted that, it it do not fulfil all the promises of 
hope that havo been formed of it, it will accom- 
plish a vast deal of useful work, and thus afford 
the world an earnest of Its Interest in 
the advancement of scientific medicine and 
in international unity. Soienoe can have 
no higher mission than that of strengthening 
the bonds and securing the co-operation of Its 
| votaries in various parts of the globe, assembled 
i to deliberate upon everything calculated to pro- 
mote its holiest interests. 
Among the many objects of an International 
CoDgres8,not the least lb the interchange of alndly 
feelings on the part of its members, the formation 
of new friendships and the cementing of old ties 
It is well that men of different nationalities should 
occasionally come together, to look ac one another, 
and to see how they stand lu public eetimation, as 
well as in their own; what the world thinks o 
them, and what they think of the world; what they 
have done to farther the interests of scientific pro- 
gress, to lighten the burdens or human suffering, 
and to extend the boundaries of human happluess. 
All these, and many other things which need not 
to be here specified, are objects well calculated to 
engage attention on such an occasion. 
It need hardly be added that tne medical pro- 
j fession and the citizens of Philadelphia will do 
all they can to make yonr time pass pleasantly, as 
well as profitably, during your sojourn among us. 
Cards of invitation will be Issued to you to Inspect 
the various institutions of Interest in and around 
the otty; and, after the work of the congress is 
over, the International Exposition will no doubt 
claim, as lt-assuredly deserves, tne earnest atteu 
tion of every member of this body. And now that 
the labor of the Centennial Medical Commission 
Is completed, It only remains for the congress, 
which i now deolare open, to perfect its organiza- 
i tlon by the emotion of Its own officers. 
It has oiten occurred to me that if these inter- 
national reunions were more frequent and more 
largely attended, they would be a vast deal 
more serviceable in preventing war and interna- 
tional misunderstandings than any arbitrations 
that could bo Inaugurated for the settlement of 
international difficulties. Much of the pleasant 
feoliDgat present existing between the United 
States and Europe is due to the enlarged inter- 
course which has been going on since the lnven- 
tion of steam navigation between the peonies of 
those countries and the consequent interchange of 
hospitality and courtesy between the two coun- 
tries. I hope, therefore, that this may be only one 
of many such reunions on this side of the At- 
lantic. 
Even-dug Entertainments. 
In the evening there will be a public re- 
ception, by th9 medical profession of Phila- 
delphia, in the Judges’ Hall at the Exhibi- 
tion grounds. On Wednesday evening there 
will he an address by J. J. Woodward, M. 
D., Surgeon of United States army, on “Tue 
Medical Staff of the United States Army and 
its Scientific Work,” delivered in the lecture 
hall of the Jefferson Medical College, on Tenth 
street, between Chestnut and Walnut streets. 
On Friday evening a public dinner will be 
given in St. George’s Hall. 
A OKed leal Reception. 
The delegates to the International Medical Con- 
gress had a reception last evening at the Judges’ 
Hall. It was an Informal atfatr, and was graced 
by the presence of Governor Hartranft, who was 
introduced to the assemblage of laoies and gen- 
tlemen by Dr. F. F. Maury. After a couple of 
hours spent in conversation and promenading In 
the fine hall, the company adjourned to the Res- 
taurant Lalayette, where an elegant repast was i 
served. While the company were partaking of 
refreshments an orchestra played some very fine 
music In the gallery. General Joseph R. Hawley 
lUrector-General Goshom. and the officers of the 
Governors’ Guard, of Hartrord, Uonn., were 
amongst the guests present. During the evening 
the Connecticut Guard’s band performed various 
selections from the operas, and the party did not 
break up until ll o’olock P. M. 
MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
THE INTERNATIONAL MEETING. 
«ccond Bay’" Seaslon-Beport* from 
beetle**— Addrea* on Mygetne and 
Preventive Medicine lay Br. Bowdllcto 
-Paper on medical «JI*eml"try and 
Toxicology by Dr. Wormley., 
The International Medical Congress reassem- 
bled at 10 o’clock this morning tn thechapel oUhe 
■University of Pennsylvania, West Philadelphia, 
Dr. S. D. Gross, president, in the ohalr. 
Hr 1 Minis Hays annouuoed that up to 3 
o’clock yesterday the7names of about 300 delegates 
were registered. 
Next In order came the 
Keporto from Section*. 
Dr*T\ G? Richardson, of New Orleans, 
that the congress *e not be 
Tenorts of the sections, and Dr. William u. navis 
moved that the reports be merely accepted and 
referred for publication. Both motions were 
Austin Flint, of New York, offered a pre- 
amble and the following resolutions, which wore 
a°Kfsolved, First. That the membersofthialnter- 
national Medical Congress regard with great in- 
terest the contribution of 
A Notional Medical IAtorary, 
in the oity of Washington, and respectfully pet'- 
tmn tho Congress of the United States to provide 
”on nnmnor of volumes aad pe- striking events which influenced‘the practice 
meaicine, and that have left special lb arks at the 
end of the first century of our national existence. 
Wars have generally been proactive of medical 
science, and our profession was no doubt much 
benefited by ttie contest f«r independence. 
For the first quarter of a century after this 
armed struggle, the leading physicians and sur- 
geons were those who had served in the army. 
The most notable event of this period was the oc- 
currence of an epidemic yellow fever, which ap- 
peared in the summer of 1793 and 1798 in nearly 
all our Atlantic cities. This disease tested the 
courage and taxed the energies and best skill of 
the p>ofession, and prompted the more eminent to 
reduce their observations to writing, aad to have 
them published either In defense of their practice 
or for the laudable purpose of making contribu- 
tions to medical science. 
The second quarter of the Centennial period was 
, distinguished by the introduction of vaccination, 
the occurrence of spottod fever, and the ws.r of 
1812. All of these were events which stimulated 
the profession t<* more extended studies and be- 
came incentives to authorship; this was especially 
true of the disease known as spotted sever: 
The war of 1812 proved to ba another great 
school of experlefice, although it was not fruitfal 
in medical reports or publications. The aspira- 
tion which it aroused, however, in the profession, 
gave an impetus to the establishment of medical 
periodical* and the founding of medical colleges 
and hospitals. 
In following out the plan of dividing the century 
into quarters, the third may be marved as noted 
for tne discovery of ameschesia,, toe epidemic of 
Asiatic cholera of 1832 and 1848, and tne war with 
Mexico, as well as the discovery end the applica- 
tion of many new and improved me hois of physi- 
cal exploration 1n the search for disease. 
The 1 H8t quaiter which has just closed is spe- 
cially distinguished by the vast experience of the 
late war, which was a great school, and which has 
benefited the medical profession of the whole 
country. The extended 
Use of Anseuftiasfa 
in painful surgical operations, the increase o- 
scientifio means for exact di.gnosis, the lntroj 
dnetion of new and potent remedies and modes of 
administration, and the founding of hospitals and 
meoleal colleges in nea ly all the large cities. 
The discoverer or the expounder of a new truth, 
the recorder of an additional fact or of a hitherto 
unobserved symptom or an improved procedure in 
surgery, in bis treatment of disease, deserves, and 
will' receive, a m re enduring place in history tbaa 
he who has gained great popularity or tue largest 
fortune. 
The natural ability, habits of industry and sys- 
tematized study, with the scientific knowledge of 
Dr. Benjamin Rush, added to his acquaintance 
with men and public affairs, easily place him at 
the hoad of the list of the eminent medical men of 
theccntuiy. His professional skill and high moral 
and benevolent character rendered him popular 
with the profession and endeared him to the peo- 
ple. His Us e has suffered but little by the Iapsa 
of time. His writings aro numerous and valuable. 
Dr. Valentine Mott, by his daring and bril- 
liant operations in surgery, held for many years 
the front rank. He had the physical and mental 
endowments,'as well as scientific acquirements, 
application, snd professional training essential to 
a itreat surgeon. 
g&Dr. Philip Sydney Physick was a surgeon of rare 
ability, self-posses-son, and fortitude. As was 
usual, when no commenced practDe he attended 
to the general business of vhysician and surgeon; 
but as early s< 1791 he. was appointed one of the 
surgeon s to abe t'ennsvlvanla Ho®o1tal, and in 
1806 Professor of Surgery in the University of . 
Pennsylvania. He was the author of go many 
improvements In the department of surgery thsS 
be was justly entitled to the appellation glvss 
him of “The Father of American Surgery.” H's 
Influence upon the practice Is felt to the present. 
Er. John Warren was an eminent physician 
and surgeon and medical teacher. He acquit*d 
experience and reputation In the hospitals of tie 
Revolution. While attached to the hospital nt 
Boston, In 1782, he founded the Medical Depart- 
ment of Harvard College. In which hejwas Pro- 
fessor of Anatomy and Surgery. 
Dr. Daniel Drake possessed wonderful powers of 
Original Observation 
and was the tpost Indefatigable worker for the ac- 
! cumulation of knowledge and the elevation of the 
( profession that our country has produced. He was 
thefounoerof medical colleges in tne West. 
Dr. John (lolling Warren was a remarkable aur 
geon and writer He was one of the founders of 
the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the sur- 
geon In dally attendance to the time of his death. 
He was the first to use ether, and did much to has- 
ten Its introduction into general use In surgery. 
Dr. Nathan Smith was a man of extraordinary 
natural endowments. H<s founding of the Medical 
Department of Dartmouth College and his teach- 
ing for ten years all the usual orancues himself, 
show the character of the man. He was an admi- 
rable anatomist, a bold and successful surgeon. 
Dr. Reuben Dimond Mussey was a distinguished 
surgeon and good general practitioner of great 
powers of original observation. His experiments 
on cutaneous absorption would have of themselves 
entitled him to a high rank had he not become 
still more eminent as a surgeon. 
Dr. James Jackson was a noted physician and 
author. He was one of the founders of the Massa- 
chusetts General Hespltal. 
£Dr. Nat hantel Obapm an was a learned and emiceut 
phystclaD. and was for a long time a professor in 
the University of Pennsylvania. 
Dr. Elisha Barton was a highly accomplished 
scholar and physician. 
Dr. John K. Mitchell possessed a vigorous intel- 
lect, and was of great use In a sick room. Dr. John P. Gray, the Superintendent 
and I nysician to the New York State Luna- 
tic Asylum, Utica, then delivered an able 
address on “Mentai Hygiene. ” « 
Dr. Lunsford P. Yandell, late Professor of 
Physiology in the University of Louisville 
followed in an address on “Medical Litera- 
ture.’' 
The Congress then adjourned until to-day 
when the last session will be held. 
In the sections yesterday the following 
papers were read-: Dr. H. Lebert, formerly 
Prolessor of Clinical Medicine at Zurich and 
at Breslau (translated by Chas. W. Dulles 
M. D., of Philadelphia), on “The Treat- 
ment of Simple Ulcer of the Stomach ’ Dr 
K. P. Howard, of Montreal, on “Progress- 
ive Pernicious Amemia;” Dr. Ezra M 
Hunt, of Metuchen, on “Alcohol in its 
Therapeutic Relations as a Food and a 
Medicine;’’ Mr. William Adams, President 
. Medicinal Society of London, on 
Subcutaneous Division of the Neck of the 
lhigli Bone;’’ Dr. L. A. Dugan, Professor 
of Surgery in the Medical College of Georgia 
on ” Penetrating Wounds of the Abdomen 
with the suggestions of a change of practice 
in such cases;’’ Dr. Frederick Hyde, of 
Cortland Village. N. Y., on “The Pro- 
priety of Opening the Sac in Strangulated 
# A??,’ S- kngelstead, Physician in Chief 
of the Copenhagen Hospital, on “Measures 
to Prevent the Propagation of Venereal 
Diseases in Denmark-*’ Dr. Charles R. 
Drysdale, Senior Physician to the Metro- 
politan Free Hospital, London, on “The 
Prevention of Syphilis;’’ E. 11. Tren- 
holmne. Professor of Midwifery and the 
Diseases- of Women and Children in 
Bishop’s College, Montreal, on “Uterine 
Hemorrhage:’’ Dr. James P. White, of 
on “The Chronic Inversion 
ot the Uterus-’’ Dr. T. F. Rochester, Presi- 
dent of the New York State Medical So- 
ciety, on “The Retroversion of the Gravid 
Uterus:’’ Dr. Dudley S. Reynolds, of i 
Louisville, Ky.. “A Report of One liun- 
dred Cases of Senile Cataract;’’ Dr. Charles 
H. Burnett, Aural Surgeon to the Presby- 
terian Hospital Philadelphia, on “Aural 
V ertlgo, with Variable Hearing;’’ Dr E 
N. Squibb, of Brooklyn, N. Y., on 
•Metrlcai System of Weights and Mea- 
sures:Dr. J. O. Kerr of China, on “Medi- 
cal Missions;’’ Dr. George Burr, of Bing- 
hampton, N. Y., on “The Treatment of 
Inebriates in Asylums.99 
Last evening a banquet was given in St 
George’s Hail, which was attended by 
nearly all the members of the Congress and 
a lew prominent gentlemen 01 the city. 
The International Medical Congress— 
last Day.—!The International Medical 
Congress met in its sixth and last day’s 
session on Saturday morning, in the Chapel 
of the Pennsylvania University, Professor 
Gross presiding. 
Reports were heard from the different sec- 
tions, that on medicine containing the fol- 
lowing: “On a paper of Dr. E. W. Hunt, 
on ‘Alcohol in its Therapeutic Relations as 
a Food and a Medicine, ’ ’ ’ tlieSection voted 
the following propositions and referred 
them to the Congress: 
1. Alcohol Is not shown to have a definite 
food value by any of the usual methods of 
chemical analysis or physiological investi- 
gation. 
2. Its use as a medicine is chiefly that of a 
cardiac stimulant and often admits of sub- 
stitution. 
3. As a medicine it is not well fitted for ! 
self-prescription by the laity, and the med- 
ical profession is not accountable for such I 
administrations or for the enormous evils 
arising therefrom. 
4. The purity of alcoholic liquors Is In 
general not as well assured as that of arti- 
cles used for medicine should be. The vari- 
ous mixtures when used as medicine should 
have defiuite and known composition and 
should not be interchanged promiscu- 
ously.” 
These conclusions were to be sent as the 1 
reply to the communications front the Na- 
tional Temperance Association and the 
Women’s and Friends’ Temperance So- 
cieties. 
Professor White, of New York, offered a 
resolution of thanks to the officers and the 
trustees of the University of Pennsylvania 
and the Jefferson Medical College, to the of- 
ficers of the Congress and to Drs. Thomson, 
Wilson and Straw bridge, and Messrs. H. C. 
Lea and J. B. Llpplneott lor courtesies. 
Dr. Bowditch, of Boston, offered the fol- 
lowing as an addition to the above: 
Resolved, That we, a brotherhood of phy- 
sicians from the North, South, East and 
West of this country, hereby tender to out* 
associates from other lands our most ear- 
nest wishes that they have safe and happv 
returns to tnelr homes, and we would sug- 
gest the hope that they will carrv back 
many pbfts-mt memories of this fraternal 
meeting now closing, and which has been 
most appropriately held In this generous 
and noble city of Philadelphia, 
Communications were read from the Ca- 
nadian and Eritish delegates containing 
resolutions passed by them acknowledging 
the considerate and generous treatment 
they had received at the hands of tho Cen- 
tennial Medical Commission, and express- 
_ } lug their thanks for the same. • luiLl^^LEDGE^: 
AND DAILY TRANSCRIPT. 
Phil add pHia, Tuesday, Sept. 5,1870. 
The 1 ntem.fitional Medical Congress.— 
The opening session of the International 
Medical Congress was held yesterday, be- 
ginning at noon, in the chapel of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. There were about 
four hundred delegates present, represent- 
ing almost every State Medical Society in 
the United States, and quite a number of 
foreign nationality. The gathering includes 
many distinguished names, and will, 
doubtless, prove the most important as- 
sembly of its kind ever held in America. 
When Prof. Samuel D. Gross, of this city, the 
President of the Centennial Medical Com- 
mission, called the assembly to older the 
chapel was completely iiileu by the dele- 
gates and visitors, 
The Right Rev. William Bacon Stevens, 
Bishop of Pennsylvania, was introduced, 
and olFered a brief prayer. Calling Dr. W. 
S. W. Ruschenberger, U. S. Navy, a Vice 
President of the Commission, to the chair, 
the President delivered the address of wel- 
come. 
The President, upon closing his remarks, 
announced that the following Committee 
on Nominations had been named by the 
Commission, and upon motion it was con- 
firmed by the Congress: 
Dr. William Adams, of London; Pro- 
fessor Engelslead, of Copenhagen; Pro- 
| fessor Hueter, of Prussia- Professor Reed- 
new, of St. Petersburg, Russia; Dr. J. A. 
! Grant, Ottawa, Canada; Dr. Henry J. 
■ Bowditch, Boston; Professor L. A. Dugas, 
Augusta, Ga. ; Professor J. T. Hodgen, of 
St. Louis; Professor Christopher Johnston, 
] of Baltimore; Professor Austin Flint. Sr., 
of New York; Dr. W. S. W. Ruschen- 
berger, of the United States Navy; Dr. 
Joseph R. Smith, United States Army; Dr. 
Edwin M. Snow, of Providence, R. I. 
Dr. Austin Flint, Professor of Practice of 
Medicine in Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- 
lege, New York, was then presented, and 
delivered a lengthy address on •‘Medi- 
cine.” 
The committee then reported the follow- 
ing as a partial list of nominations, which 
were approved: * 
President—Professor S. D. Gross, Phila- 
delphia. Vice Presidents—Dr. Paul S. Eve, 
Tennessee; Dr. Jollitfe Tufuell, Dublin;Dr. 
W. S. Atlee, Pennsylvania; C. Lange, Co- 
penhagen; J. B. Johnson, St. Louis; 8. 
Semeleder, Vienna; Dr. Hunter McGuin, 
Virginia; Dr. Johan H. Jorb, Christiana; 
Z. G. Richardson, New Orleans; Dr. Wil- 
liam Kingston, Montreal; Dr. J. P. White, 
New York-Dr. H. Miyake, Tokio. Japan; 
Professor Nathan R. Smith Baltimore; 
Professor Rudnew, St. Petersburg; Dr. J. 
M. Toner, Washington; Professor Hueter, 
Griefswald; Dr. 5. L. Collins, Rhode 
Island; Dr. R. S. Hudson, Austria; Dr. H. 
Gibbons, California; Dr. P. De Basieux, 
Belgium; Dr. N. S. Davis, Chteago; Wil- 
liam Adams, Esq., London; Dr. L.' A. 
Dugas, Georgia; Professor Simpson, Edin- 
burgh; Dr. J. K. Bartlett, Wisconsin. 
Honorary Vice Presidents—Surgeon Ge- 
neral Barnes, U. S. A.; Surgeon General 
Beale, U. S. N. 
Secretary General—Dr. J. Marius Hays;1 
Assistants, Dr. Wm. B. Atkinson, Dr. R. 
J. Dunglison, Dr. R. A. Cleemann, Dr. W. 
W. Keen, Dr. R. M. Bertolet. 
The Congress then adjourned until tQ-day 
at 10 A. M. After luncheon at 2 P. M., the 
meetings of the various sections were held. 
'The Section on Medicine heard a paper 
from J. J. Woodward, M.D., Surgeon U.S. 
Army, on ‘• Typho-malarial Fever—Is it a 
Special Type of Fever?” In the Section on 
Biology, Christopher Johnston, M. D., Pro- I 
fessor of Surgery in the University of Ma- 
ryland, presented a pa per on “Microscopy 
of the Pdood. ” In the Section on Sur- 
gery, John T. Ilodgden, M. D., Profes- 
sor of Surgical Anatomy and of Clinical 
Surgery in the St. Louis Medical College, 
reported on ‘‘Antiseptic Surgery.” In 
the Section on Dermatology and Syphi- 
lology, James C. White, M. D., Professor 
of Dermatology in Harvard University, 
spoke on “Variations in Type and in 
Prevalence of Diseases of the Skin jn dif- ! 
ferent countries of equal civilization.” i 
Papers were also read in the sections on 
Obstetrics, Ophthalmology, Otology, Sani- 
tary Science, Mental Diseases, by the fol- 
lowing gentlemen:—William H. Bymrd, 
M. D., of the Chicago Medical College: 
Henry W. Williams, M. I)., of Hai vurd 
University; Albert H. Buck, M. D., New 
York; Thomas E. Satterthwaite, M. D., 
New York, and William H. Kempster, M. 
D., Physician and Superintendent of the 
Northern Hospital for Insane, Oshkosh. 
Wisconsin. 
the evening the medical profession of 
I hiladelphta gave an eutertainrnent in 
Judges’ llall at the Exhibition Grounds. 1STERNA II ON A L HEETINH. 
IMvd Day-Addroste* by nr. Fail **. 
Eve «u KurKery, and by l>r. J. H. 
Toner on JMedleal JSlograpbjr> 
The International Medical Congress reassem- 
bled this morning, at 10 o'clock, i < the eiiapel of 
the University ot Pennsylvania, West Philadel- 
phia, Dr. S. D. dross in the chair. 
Dr. John L. Atlee moved that the Secretary or 
the Pnbli8hmg Committee be requested to send 
to the Governor of each State ana Terr tory, aad 
to each Province in Canada, a copy of the address 
of Dr. Bowdltch. Adopted. 
Dr. J. Minis |Haye« jeported that the names of 
over 400 delegates had been registered. 
The following communication trem the 
National Temperance Society 
was, by a unanimous vote, laid on the table:— 
New York, Sept 6.—To the President Interna- 
tional Meoical Coeerass, Pennsylvania Univer- 
sity, W. P —The National Temperance tsociety 
send greeting and respectfully Invite from your 
distinguished body a public declaration 
to the effect that alcohol should be 
classed with other powerful drug3, that when I 
prescribed medically it should be with conscien- 
tious caution and a sense of grave responsibility 
that It Is in no sense food to the human system, 
that its improper un Is productive of 
a large amount of physical disease, tending 
to deteriorate the human race, and to recominen i, 
as representatives cl enlightened sense, to your 
several nationalities* total abstinence from alco- 
holic beverage. 
Dr. Seguin. of New York, addressed the oon- 
grtss, alter which the following was adoptod:— 
The Inte national Medical Congress of 187* ro- 
cognizss the advantages which would accrue from 
the introduction of a gradual uniformity In the 
multiple and heterogeneous elements ot physic, 
as pcsology, nomenclatures, ete.,aud in the means 
and records of medical observation. 
In consequence, the congress appoints three 
egates *o the International Congress of 1877, to 
lat Geneva, Switzerland, with the special j 
* Ion of presenting a schedule of the means of 
uniformity In physio actually applicable In all 
countries, and another of those which could soon 
be made acceptable by the profession at large. 
Said delegates to be advised to Invite tne co ope- 
ration of the men who have already worked tor 
the same cause at the International or National 
Medical or Pharmaceutical Congress of Paris, 
Vienna, St. Petersburg, Brussels, and Buffalo. 
Reports lrom the different sections were then 
presented. A paper 
(in Snrgery 
was then rosd by Paul F. Eve, M I)., Professor of 
Operative and Clinical Surgery in the University 
of Nashville. He said this was but coming back 
to his dear old alma mater. While this 
may be the Centenn'al of National Inde- 
pendence, It D not that of the pro- 
fession. It was as late as 1820 that J tne taunt 
was uttered, “What does the world yet owe to 
an American Physician or surgeon. He who may 
be regarded as the father of American Surgery. 
Philip Sidney Physlck, was only eight years old 
at the time of the Revolution. 
He was among tho first to apply animal liga- 
tures, employing buckskin for that purpose. 
A striking proof of Dr. Physick’s appreciation in 
Europe, his work became the text-book of the 
University of Edinburgh. Of him it has boensald 
he never spilt a drop of blood uselessly. 
Intimately connected with the 
Rise and Progress 
of surgery in America were four others, viz., War- 
ren, Mott, Dukley, and Gibson. Valentine Mott 
was a native of Rhode Island. Dr. Dudley was a 
native of the West, and spent several years In 
Europe. 
He gave but little medicine, but Insisted upon 
the observance of hygiene. He was for years the 
surgical patriarch of the West. William Gibson 
was born in Baltimore in 1784; it was he who ex- 
tracted the ball from General Scott at Lundy’s 
Lane. 
Dr. Gibson was probably the best lecturer we 
have ever had In America. His memory was so 
retentive that he was known to repeat 800 lines of 
Virgil. He has performed the Cmsarean section 
twice on the same patient, saving mother and 
child. 
American surgeons present a creditable report 
on the subject of ampur.ation. The official reports 
of the late war show that the mortality in the 
medical strff w»s greater than that of any other. 
Not less than fourteen foreign journals noticed 
our army medical reports. 
In tho Prussian service our ambulance was 
adopted. It has been reserved for American sur- 
gery to teach the world how to relieve or prevent 
human suffering. Fifty years ago not a half dozen 
Americans were known abroad as surgeons, aad as 
early as 1869 Dr Reese, in preparing an American 
edition ot Cooper’s Surgical Dictionary, introduced 
no less than 109 American contributors. 
An address on 
JKedfcal Biography 
was then read by Dr. J M. Toner, of Washington, 
D. C. He said:—Gentlemen of the Centennial In- 
ternational Medical Congress. 1 appear before 
you to discharge the duty assigned me of prepar- 
lrg a. biographical retrospect of the medical pro- 
fession of the United States during the Centennial 
period just passed. Though apparently an easy 
task, i cannot approach it without hesitation, 
apart from the feelings of diffidence which under 
any circumstance this occasion and this audience 
must inspire. 
In glancing over the period to be embraced In 
this j etrospect I am struck by the pauolty of really fenittg Mcpaplt | 
Wo. 108 South THIRD Nireet. 
. . jov 
PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY * 
- ■ —— — m 
CH.I 
SEPTEMBER 4, 1876. ,* 
—r ;>5 
MEDICAL COMxRESS. |,s 
in 3 
am intebmaiivkal meeting. 
Its First Session T*-D«y-Ttte Assent- ! 
hlliiKofl)el«Katos, Hoiutmid Foreign l6J 
— Address or Welcome by Froressor &. 
Samuel 0. Gross, of tills CHy-Eyeu* 
lnu Kntertalnments. 
At noon to-day the preliminary session of < 
the International Medical Congress wars com- il 
menced in the hall of the University of 5" 
Pennsylvania, West Philadelphia, there 
being present a very large assemblage of 
distinguished physicians. Their delibera- t 
tions were preceded by an invocation from 
the lips of Rt. Rev. Bishop Stevens, after 
which , 
An Address of Welcomes 
was delivered to the delegates by Professor n 
Samuel I>. Gross, of this city, which was 
couched in the following language:— 
My colleagues have confided to me, as the Presl 
dent of the Centennial Medical Commission, the , 
agreeable and honorable duty v,f opening this In- 
ternational Medical Congress, so long the object 
of thrir solicitude and earnest labor. In their * 
name, then, as well as my own and that of the en- 
tire medical profesflcn, whose great heart this day 
throbs in unicon with ours, I extend to yon our , 
right hand, and bid you a tbrlee oordial welcome ' 
to the (Jlty o( Brotherly Love. The occasion whlon s 
ba6 brought us together thio morning is one of no ; 
ordinary kind; it is sne also which has been long 
and, I may say, anxiously anticipated. It might, | 
perhaps, seem ungracious If I were to toll you how ( 
mu*h time and labor have been bestowed by the 
commission through its Committee of Arrange- 
ments upon the organization of the congress; how , 
often they met to aevise plans and to interchange 
views; how earnestly and thoughtfully they per- . 
formed their work: in a word, how iaitnfully and 
conscientiously they discharged the great trust . 
oondded to them by the different medical bodies of , 
the city and county cf Philadelphia, in which the 
congress originated nearly two years ago. Not a ; 
little embarrassment often attended their pro- • 
gress, and it was, therefore, not without a pro- ; 
lound sense of relief, such as a weary traveller 
may be supposed to experience at the end of a long ! 
and tedious jogrney, wnon we found that eur task 
was finally brought to a successiul close. If the 
organization Is less complete than to some of you 
It may seem to be, no blame will, I 
am sure, be ascribed to the commission 
on aeoount of any shortcomings. There might, 
possibly, have been wiser and more experienced 
heads at work; bat warmer hearts, or more com- 
scieneious men never were, I venture to affirm, 
engaged in a noble enterprise. Such, then, as the 
work is, we cordially submit it to your considers, 
tson, satisfied that it will be accepted by you in 
the same kindly spint in which It Is tendered, I 
and that any deficiencies that may mar Its char- I 
acter will be du!y rectified by your superior I 
wisdom. 
It is at all times a source of gratification to , 
welcome friends, especially when they are united 
by the bonds of a common brotherhood, or an ! 
identity of interest; but on this occasion, so preg , 
nant with important events, the feeling is vastly i 
heightened by the fact that we have assembled 
around us brethren not only from every section 
of this great continent, but from various foreign 
climes—from Europe, the far East, from Japan 
and China, the Islands of the Pacific, South 
America, Mexico, the West Indies, and, I had 
almost said, iron) every country in the world. The I 
invitations sent out by the commission cover 
every prominent medical society and every dis- 
j tinguished medieal man in the four quarters of 
the globe. The objeot was to bring together 
representative men from all nationalities to par- 
ticipate in our proceedings, and to afford u.s the 
benefits of their wfsaom, and the results of their 
experience and scientific investigations. If ail 
these, or even a respectable minority of these 
rej resen tat ive men could have been here, what 
a glorious spectacle would be presented 
in this hall this morning! Men lay- 
ing aside for a while their ordinary 1 
pursuits, crossing vast continents and 
perilous, seas, oengregaiing to uoito with us iu 
celebrating our first Medical Centennial, in inter 
changiug cordial salutations, in deliberating upon 
the best means of promoting the holiest and 
dearest interests of our profession, and in laying 
their c'ntributloas - the accumulations of years of 
study and observation- upon a common altar for 
the common good! In its wide range, the present 
congress Is without a parallel. Similar bodies i 
have repeatedly met, but none on so grand a scale j 
or with such a cosmopolitan outlook. iemand for competent medical experts to aip tne 
administration of justice, and have done nothing 
designedlv for the culture of medical jurispru- 
dence. What growth can this branch of State 
medicine have so long as a State does not recog- 
nize even its existence? 
From 1620 to 1722 the authority of the father of 
medico-legal science was supreme. Until 1726 it 
was taught that in the presence of the murderer 
his victim’s wounds did “open their congealed 
mouths and bleed afresh,” and courts accepted tne 
testimony of medical experts to this miraculous 
bleeding of the corpse. The effect upon a sus- 
pected homicide of touching the body or his sup- 
posed victim continued to be a legal expedient 
within the nineteenth centu’-y. 
The highest medico-legal authorities taught 
belief in ghosts, witches, and possession by the 
Devil, and united with the clergy until 1752 in 
denouncing all disbelievers thereof as heretics 
and atheists. 
During the hundred years now closing the pro- 
gress of medicine has been greater than in 
All Precedlugr rime. 
Innumerable precious facts have been contri- 
buted by every branch of anatomy, and especially 
by rathological anatomy. In tno United States 
there are probably 45,000 medico legal autopsies 
made annually. The service of a skilled expert 
at these “coroner’s Inquests,” which have excep- 
tional opportunity and power to detect crime, is of 
inestimable importance. The opportunities there 
presented, if once lost, can never be regained. 
Farther, our courts have annually from 2 500 to 
treble this number of criminal trials, necessi- 
tatiog 
Medical Testimony, 
and of these a large part originate from the core 
ner’s inquests. If to those criminals be added all 
the medico legal civil trials, it would be doubtless 
found that our oourts require metical evidence in 
not less than 20,000 cases annually Whatever the 
number may b», it would indicate inadequately 
the number of citizens whose welfare is involved, 
and the extent to which society is interested in 
the efficient application of medical knowledge to 
the administration of justice. 
’ Now Arglo- American law intrusts medico legal j 
At ptesent there are sixty regular medical col- 
leges in this country, and of these twenty-one ao 
not profess to teach the subject, and there are 
only fourteen where there fs a professorship de- 
voted exclusively to Mod'cat Jurisprudence. 
It is manifest that, since 1813 our colleges have 
made ineffectual efforts to cultivate this know- 
ledge. Tne profession recognizes the absurdity 
that every practitioner is 
A Medical Expert. 
Who will deny that the two short courses of 
study are Insufficient. 
The fctim total of new facts on this subject In all 
rations is not very large. The olscova-y ot dis- 
tinguishing human blood has been successfully 
used in several criminal trials. 
The culture of medioo legal literature Is In pro- 
portion to the use of it made by the law. 
The average number of lives Insured during the 
past three years has exceeded 200,000. When 
suicide ceased to be a crime, it ceased to concern 
legal Beginning with 2 asylums for 
the insane, there were in this country It in 
1850. and aie now 88 institutions accommodating 
30,000, and at 17 over 45 000 insane. 
Maine ard New York have by their wise enact- 
ments made It a more easy matter than formerly 
to distinguish between what would be inhumanity 
to disease and indulgence to crime. 
In 1867 the Medico-Legal Society, of New 
was formed, and It has appointed a permanent 
committee to investigate auy medtoo-legal ques- 
tion which is referred. 
The congrrss then adjourned until 10 o’clock to- 
morrow morning. The 
Dleetlngs or Section* 
were held in the afternoon, as follows:— 
Section 1. Medicine—TUe Influence of High 
Altitudes on the Progress of Phthisis. Reporter, 
Uharles Denison, M. D , of Denver, Colorado. 
The Open-air Treatment of Consumption, by 
Henry McCormac, M. D., of Belfast, Ireland. 
Section 2. Biology—The Mechanism of Joints. 
Reporter, Harrison Alien, M. D., Professor or 
Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. 
Section 3 Surgery—The Causes and Geogra- 
phical Distribution of Calculous Diseases, Re- 
porter, Claudius H. Mastin, M. D., of Mobile, 
Alabama. 
llectrolytic Treatment of Malignant Tumors, 
by W. B. Neftel, M. D.. of New York. 
The Legation of Astenics for the Re'lef of In- 
flammation and for*the Prevention of Gangrene, 
by Dr. H. F. Campbell, of Georgia. 
The Etiology and Pathology of Venal and Vesl- 
eal Calculus. 
Section 4. Dermotology and Syphllology. The 
Treatment of Syphilis, with Special Reference to 
the Constitutional Remedies appropriate to Its 
various stages, the direction of their use, and the 
question of their oontiDuous or Intermittent em- 
ployment. Reporter, E. L. Koyes, M.D., Adjunot 
Professor of t- nrgery and Professor of Derma- 
tology in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New 
York. 
I he Treatment of Syphilis, with Special Re- 
ference to the Constitutional Remedies Aopro 
priate to its Various Stages, byuharles R. Drys- 
dale, M. I).. Senior Physician tj Metropolitan 
Free Hospital, London. 
Treatment < f Sobonhoea, by Charles Heltzman, 
M. D., New York. 
Section 5 Obstetrics. The Natural Causes and 
Prevention of Paerporal Fever. Reporter, Wil- 
liam T. Lusk, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and 
Diseases of Women and ‘“-tldren In Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College w Yoi' . 
Paracenteses, j» spiration and Transfusion. By 
Simon Fitch, M. D., of New York. 
Section 11. Ophthalmology—Are Progressive 
Myopia and Posterior Staphyloma due to Heredi- 
tary Predisposition, or oan they be induced by De- 
lects of Refraction, aotfng through the influence 
of the Oiliary Muscle? Reporter, E. G. Lorlng, 
M. D., of New Y ork. 
Kelatisns between Refractive Lesions and Cor- 
neal Ulcers. By George G. Stevens, M. D., of 
Albany, N. Y. 
Sectior 7. Otology.—What is the best method 
of determining the hearing of school children, 
and how should partially deaf children be in- 
structed; in mixed classes, with those who hear 
well, or in separate classes where due allowance 
will be made for their defective hearing? Re- 
porter, Clarence J Blake, M. 1)., Instructor in 
Octology in Harvard University. 
Section 8. Sanitary Science—Disposal and UtiH 
zation of Sewage and Refuses. Reporter. John H. 
Rauch, M D-, late Sanitary Superintendent of 
Chicago, Illinois. 
Universal Pharmacoonda. By E. R. Squibb, M. 
D., of Brooklyn, New Yurk. 
Section 10. Mental diseases—the Best Provision 
for the Chronic Insane. Reporter, C. H. Nichols, 
M. D., Physician and Superin endent of Govern- 
Hcspital for Insane, Washington, D. C. Df, John Morgan was founder of the first modi 
cal school in America, was Surgeon-Genera* o! j 
the Continental army and one of the founders o ( 
the American Philosophical Society. 
There wasji, high average professional abllltj j 
In the physicians of the past cenutry. Tne rnedi 
cal profession of the United States have mori ( 
talent and nobility of rank than is to be found it 
any other proieselon in this or any other country 
The American people have a united faith ii 1 
progress. 1 
During the past century probably 65,000 physi 
clsns have died. At the conclusion of Dr. Toner’i 1 
; address, the congress adjourned until 10 A. M 1 
- j to-morrow. 
i 1 he BeeiiDgN of Nectlons 
j were held In the afternoon as follows: — 
, Section 1. Medicine — Do the conditions o j 
modern life iavor specially the development o ( 
* nervous.idlseases? Reporter, Roberts Bartholow 
r M. J*., Professor of Theology and Practice o j 
i. ttleuicine in Medical College of Ohio. 
The Treatment of Phthisis Pulmonalis, by I)r 
E. G. Eliascopnllus, of Galaxiai, Greece. Trans , 
lated by John Guiteras M. D.. of Philadelohia. 
Etiology of Epilepsy, by W. B. Neftel, M. D., o! 
e New York. 
c Section 2 Biology—Pathological Histology oi 
Cancer. Reporter, J. W. S. Arnold, M. D., Pro- 
fessor of Physiology In tho University of the city 
ef New York. 
section 3. Surgery—Treatment of Coxalgia. 
Reporter, Lewis A. Sayre, M. D., Professor of 
Orthopied c Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
Report of a case of sub-periosteal excision and 4. 
disarticulation of the entire Inferior maxillary 
hone, for phosphorus necrosis. By J. W. S. 
Gouley, M. D., of New York. 
Section 4. Dermotoiogy and Sypbilology— 
The Virus of Venereal Sores;its Unity or Duality. 
—Reporter, Freeman J. Bumsteed, M. D., late 
Professor of Venereal Diseases at College of Phy- 
sicians and Surgeons, New York. 
The Virus of Venereal Sores; Its Unity or 
Duality; by Charles R. Drysdale, M. D., Senior 
Physician to the Metropolitan. Free Hospital, 
London. 
Section 6. Obstetr'cs—The Treatment of Fi- 
broid Tumors of tho Uterus Reporter—Wash- 
ington L. Atlee, M. D., of Pailadelphla The 
three most Important obstetrical Instruments, by 
Prolessor Lazarewlck, University of Kharkoff, 
Russia 
On Electrobysis, especially for the cure of Ova- 
rian Cysts. By Frederick Scmeloder, M. D., lace 
lecturer at the University of Vienna. 
Section 6. Ophthalmology—Orbital Aneurlsmal 
Disease and Pulsating Exophthalmia; their diag- 
nois and treatment. Reporter, E. Williams, M. 
1)., Professor of Ophthalmology in Miami Medical 
College, of Cincinnati. 
Section 7 Utology—In What Percentage of 
Cases do Artificial Drum-membranes Prove of 
Practical Advantage. Reoorter, H. N. Spenser, 
M. D., of St. Louis. 
Section 8. Sanitary Solence—The general sub- 
ject of Q,uarantino with particular reference to 
’ olera and Yellow Fever. Reporter, J. M. Wood- 
worth, M. D., Supervising ‘ Surgeon-General 
United States Marine Hospital Service. 
Disinfection in Yellow Fever. By C. B. White, 
M. D., of New Orleans. 
Section 9. Mental Diseases—Simnlatkn of In- 
sanity by the Insane. Reporter, C. H. Hughes, 
M. D , oi St. Louis, Mo. 
In the evening an address will bo delivered In 
the Lecture Hall of Jeiferson Medical College by 
J, J. Woodward, M. D., Surgeon United States 
Navy. Subject—“The Medioal Staff of the 
United States Aomy and its Scientific Work.” 
MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
TBl INTERNATIONAL RIET1NO. 
Fourth Day’* Nession-Addresie* on 
Obstetrics by Dr. Theophllos ParvUs, 
and on Medical Jurisprudence by Or, 
Stanford SS. CbaUie-Meetlugs of Sec- 
tion n. 
The International Medical Congress resumed 
Its session this morning in the Chapel of the Cal- 
verslty of Pennsylvania, Dr. S. D. Gross, Presi- 
dent, in the chair. 
Dr. J. Minis Hays reported that the total nam 
her of delegates registered up to this morning 
was 422. ' 
Dr. H. I. Bowditoh, of Massachusetts, oflered 
tb" following, which was adopted:— 
Whereas, The work already accomplished bj 
the officers connected with the Bureai 
of the Surgeon-General of the Uuttec 
States in the establishment of a medtea 
library and in the preparation of its amph 
and unique catalogue, in the formation of an ana 
tomical museum from which Important idemith 
results have already been obtained, and wnict 
have been not only a source of honor to thes< 
United States, but of value to foreign nations am 
whereever science is cultivated; and 
Whereas, This congress learns with regret that 
owing to a lack of a sufficient olertcal force am 
of pecuniary means, not only somo of the wort 
already in progress has been suspended, and tha 
other work of equal value cannot be undertaken 
although ample materials for the same are no* 
lying unused In the Surgeon-General’s office 
therefore, 
Resolved, That a committee of three be ap 
pointed to prepare a memioral to the Congress o 
tho United States at the earlist day possible, at 
its ’••Jxt session, urging efficient support to thesq 
mo* “c# v>rt .f t works--- j 
Resolved, that it H desirable that said nw 
rial should be signed by the President; Vice-PA 
dents, and permanent Secretary of this body. '• 
The reports from the different sections were then 
made. 
Professor While, of New York, laid that politi- 
cians did net oare anything for 
Sanitary Selene*, 
and that it was well enough to send a copy of the 
paper of L»r. Bowditoh to the Governors of the dif- 
ferent States, but It was too important to let tho 
matter rest with depositing the papers in the 
pigeon-holes of the Governors. 
Be moved that copies of' the address be sent to 
the President of each State and Territorial medi- 
cal Society in the United States and in Canada, 
and to each Sanitary Board, requesting them to 
bring the subject before the next meeting of their 
organizations. 
Ur. John L. Atlee, of Lancaster, said that each 
individual should use his personal Influence with 
the Governor o£ his State. 
The resolution of Professor White wa3 then 
adopted. 
Dr. H. Miyake, of Toko, Japan, was then in- 
troduced, and occupied the chair during the read- 
ing of a paper 
;4>n Obit«trlc« 
by TheophilusT Parvin. D. D., Professor of Obste- 
tries in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
Indiana. 
He said the eighteenth century was marked by 
great advances in obstetric knowledge. The germ 
of American obstetrics was British, rather than 
French. Seventy or eighty years ago the practlco 
of obstetrics was almost exclusively in 
the bands of women. The name of 
Williams’Potts Dewees; should live forever. He 
has by his works roared a monument more en- 
during than quarried granite or moltenfibrass. 
The present century has been marked by some ot 
the most important advances In obstetrics. 
ReAmesthesia must be considered one of the great- 
est glories of obstetrics. The administration of 
chloral for relief has also had many advocates in 
this country. An advance has beon made In the 
more liberal diet and hygiene of women. 
The speaker referred, among other thin»s, as 
signs of prog*ess, to theestablisnment of Women’s 
Hospitals. "An address 
On Medical Jnrisprndence 
was then read by Stanford E. Uhallle, M. D., Pro- 
fessor of Physiology and Pathological Anatomy 
of tho University of Louisiana. He stated that 
medical jurisprudence owes Its power to know- 
ledge derived from every branch of medi- 
cine, hut the law determines how far 
this power shall be utilized in the 
administration of justice. Hence the development 
of medical jurisprudence has varied In different 
nations with the progress of medical science, and 
with the extent of its application to the protection 
of property, reputation, and life. Efficiency in this 
legal application varies with the appreciation 
of medical knowledge by the rulers of 
a nation, and since an adequate ap- 
preciation is limited to the educated 
few, and Is not yet disseminated among the mass 
of any people, it results that laws more favorable 
to the culturo of legal medicine are to be found in 
nations ruled by the educated few than in those 
governed by the people. The unequal develop- 
ment of medical jurisprudence in different nations 
finds in these facts an explanation, in larjje part 
at least. 
The Papal Canon laws, originating many 
medico-legal questions, sowed in 1670 by the haul 
I oi Zacchias, a Pope’s physician, the first sound 
seed ot medical jurisprudence in the land of 
Columbus, then the home of scionce and the arts 
The new-born shoot languishing In Italy, was 
transplanted in German soil, whore it received 
such culture as nourished its youth, developed Its 
fruit, and reproduced seed to germinate in other 
lands. 
To favoring legislation from 1532 to the present 
day, the fatherland owes its eminence in medical 
jurisprudence Germany, for two oenturies, has 
had an organization of medloo-legal officials—to 
whom alone It entrusts the duty both to procure 
the medical S facts needed by the courts, and to 
' estimate the weight due such facts from whatever 
source obtained. 
I In I860 Michaelis delivered the very first lectures, 
. and, as early as 1720, professorships of legal medl- 
■ cine were founded by the State. 
France from 1670 to 1692 enacted la vs whiob, 
like those of Germany, favored the caPura of' 
- legal medicire, but in 1892 medico legal offices b(-| 
came hereditary and venal, and legal medicine 
I languished until after the French Revolution , 
Since 1790 no nation has surpassed trance in the; 
culture ot medical sclance; in addition, the judges 
appoint medioal experts, and these sinoe 1803 must 
he graduates in medioine. 
Great Britain transmitted to this nation laws 
barbarously conspicuous tor the absence of provi-1 
sions to apply medical knowledge to the adminis- 
tration of justice, and 
Anglo-American Law 
continues to be in large measure hostile to medi-. 
cal jurisprudence. However, British laws have 
done something for the science, and littlut 
for the art. For Great Britain has fostered 
medical education, and m 1803 founded a chair o(| 
forensic medicine in one university, and now has' 
such chairs in all its medical colleges; has by the' 
Registration act and other laws greatly strength- 
ened the medioal profession, and has compeiledj 
its oourts to accept oxpert evidence only from re- 
gistered, and therefore educated, medical men. 
The States of the Union have, for the most part..' 
lelt the culture of medical science to individua l 
5 enterprise, which supplies solely that which the 
3 private citizen demands—practitioners of medicine 
t to heal sick, The States have as yet n, when Governor Hartranft received the 
members of the Congress. There were 
about four hundred guests present, among 
whom were Mr. William Adams, F. R. C. 
S., and Dr. Barnes, of London: Dr. Thomp- 
son and Dr. Joseph Ulster, or Edinburgh, 
Scotland; Dr. Joliffe Tu/nell, Professor 
Englestead and Professor Lange, of Copen- 
hagen ; Prof. Rudnew, of St. Petersburg, 
Russia; Dr. H. J. Bowditch, of Boston; 
Prof. Sayre, ot New York; Dr. N. S. Davis, 
ol Chicago; Dr. White, of Buffalo; Dr. 
Christopher Johnston, of Baltimore; Dr. 
Varthofow, of Cincinnati; Dr. Joseph Pan- 
coast and Dr. J. A. Meigs, of this city; Ed- 
win Shippen, Esq., of this city; General 
Hawley, and several Japanese Commis- 
sioners. 
At ten o’clock supper was served in the 
French Restaurant, after which the com- 
pany dispersed. 
The International Medical Congress.— 
The Tiili "ii-.itim at Medical Congress reas- 
■ sombl-d at the University or Pennsylvania 
j yesterday morning, at 10 o’clock, ia seoond 
ilny’s si s-ion, Professor B. D. Gross, of this 
city, the President. In the chair. 
The mi ni s ofdie preceding session were 
read and npproved, ami u list, of the names 
of about i hreo hundred delegates were sub- 
mlltc-d. Reports were received from tho 
I \ i ini i sections, and their publication was 
. provided (or. 
| U was t csolved that, in the opinion of tho 
i Congress, the general body was in one way 
1 responsible for tho views expressed In the. 
reports ol the sections, and that In the iu- ; 
| tore “ the order in retcrenoe to the reports, 
of sections bo so mo-tiffed that, upon their , 
j submission to the congress, the question be . 
upon their acceptance and reference for. 
publication. ” I 
! The Committee on Nominations made the 
I foil owl rig additional report, which was ap- 
proved : 
Cm mitten on Publication (with power to 
chose a chairman and an editor)—Dr. J. 
v-iiorst, Jr., Dr. R. J. Dungiison, Dr. Wni. 
u . dill, Dr. James H. Hutchinson and Dr. 
■ , I*tar, all of Philadelphia. 
i r ■ (Surer—Dr. Caspar Wistar, Philadel- 
■ phia. 
> Dr. ' ustin Flint, of New York, presented 
“ a set 'u resolutions petitioning Congress to 
provide for the Increase of the volumes and 
periodical publications in the New National 
i Med leu I Library at Washington, D. C., 
nrgi ng the importance of the early cornple- 
f 11 (>s» of the '‘catalogue raisonni” of that m- 
” slitution, and recommending tho Interests 
of the Library to the profession generally. 
4 These were adopted. 
, Jlenrv J. Bowditch, M. D., the President 
' of tiie State Board of Health of Massaehu- 
i seits, and also the President of the Atneri- 
I c.iMedical Association, was then pre- 
f. aited, and read an address on “Hygiene 
and Preventive Medicine.” His paper 
‘ v is a review of the Centennial period in its 
relation with tiie advancement in state pre- 
ventative medicines. lie divided this pe- 
< rlod into the following parts: 
. “ Tho first epoch, or that of medical sys- 
tom-tr .iking, filled with an overweening 
■ confidence m our art, with little or no 
* t.iith in vis Medicnirix A'aturis. From 
1776 to 183.1, or thereabouts.” 
“The Second Epoch; or that of observa- 
tion and accurate recording of (acts, and 
»' subsequent analysis of them ; with an ex- 
treme confidence in Nature’s power In 
disease; a corresponding skepticism in the 
" regard to the use ot drugs, and finally, dim 
a presages of preventative medicines. From 
, 1832to 1-V' ” 
“The Third Epoch; or that in which the 
i medical profession is aided by the laity, and 
i I Hie idea of B ta to Prevent tit ivo Medici ne fair- 
ly inaugurated; as marked by the legal 
i establishment of tiie first State Board of 
, Health. From 1869, reaching in the far off 
future. ” 
a. The speaker in describing the present 
■w epoch, gave tnucli important statistical irl- 
lormatlon refilling to the condition ofState 
preventative medicines in tiie States, Terri- 
tories and tbs nation, obtained by himself 
from circulars distributed a few months 
ago, containing questions bearing on the 
, matter. 
Dr. Theodore O. Wormley, M. D., Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry in the Starling Medical 
1 College, Columbus, Ohio, followed in an 
i address on “Medical Chemistry and Toxl- 
’ cology.” In this the character and scope of 
( chemistry and its close connection With 
pharmacy was closely defined, and its his- 
1 tory recited, including the establishment 
of the first professorship of chemistry in 
America in the Philadelphia Medical Col- 
lege(afterwards merged into the University 
oi Pennsylvania), in 1769, the celebrated 
Benjamin Rush occupying the chair. He 
traced the growth of chemical knowledge 
. by discoveries and the rapid distribution of 
1 chemical literature, anil furnished much 
that was original and valuable as informa- 
tion. 
After he had finished the congress ad- 
, journed until this morning. 
In the afternoon the various sections met. 
t Before the Bection on Surgery Dr. Joseph 
Lister, of Copenhagen, one of the most dis- 
tinguished surgeons of Europe, spoke on 
. “Antiseptic Surgery.” 
I in the mot-mu' of the Section on Mental 
1 Diseases, Isaac Ray, M. D., of this city, ad- 
dressed the section on “Responsibility of 
the Insane for Criminal Acts.’’ 
At the meeting of the section on Medicino 
a plan of international unllorrnitv In clini- 
cal observations and records of physicians 
was presented and discussed, and will be 
brought before ttie general body this morn- - 
ing. The subject Is an inijsirwuit one and 
will doubtless occasion tome interesting 
T -nr 
The International Medical Congress.— 
The International Medical Congress met in 
fourth day's session yesterday morning, at 
the University of Pennsylvania, the Presi- 
dent, Professor Gross, in the chair. 
Alter tiie usual preliminary routine, Dr. 
Bowdltch, of Boston, offered the following: 
Whereas, The work already accomplished 
bv the officers connected with the Bureau 
or the Surgeon General of the United States, 
In the establishment of a medical library, 
and in the preparation of its complete and 
unique catalogue In tbe formation of an 
anatomical museum, from which Impor- 
tant scientific results have already been ob- 
talued, and -which have been not only a 
source of honor to theso United States, but 
of value to foreign aud wherever science is 
cultivated; and 
Whereas, This Congress learns with re- 
gret that, owing to a lack of a sufficient cle- 
rical force and of pecuniary means, not 
only some of the work already in progress 
has been suspended, but that other work 
of equal value cannot be undertaken, al- 
though ample materials for the same are 
now lying unused In tbe Surgeon General’s 
office; therefore 
Resolved, That a committee of three be 
appointed to the Congress of the United 
States, at the earliest day possible, at its 
next session, to urge efficient support to 
these most important matters. 
Resolved, That it is desirable that said 
memorial be signed by the president, vice 
presidents aud permanent secretary of this 
body. 
Theso were adopted. 
Upon motion of Dr. J. r. White, of Buf- 
falo, N. Y., it was ordered that the printed 
pamphlet containing Dr. Bowdieh’s paper 
on Sanitary Science bo sent to the Presi- 
dents of State and Territorial Medical So- 
cieties and Sanitary Boards of the United 
States and the Societies and Boards of the 
Dominion of Canada. 
Dr. H. Mizake, of Tokio, Japan, a Vice 
President, was introduced, and, upon the 
invitation of the President, occupied the 
chair. 
Dr. Theophilus Parvin, Professor of Ob- 
stetrics in the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of Indiana, then delivered his ad- 
dress on “Obstetrics.” 
In this he declared that American obstet- 
ric knowledge had Its origin with the Bri- 
tish rather than the French, and rehearsed 
the progress of the science in the cent ury, 
and paying high tribute to Professor Wm. 
Potts Dewees, whom he called the father of 
American obstetrics. He said that the im- 
provements and advancing changes in ob- 
stetrics had saved more lives and accom- 
plished greater benefits to humanity than 
those in surgery and other operative sci- 
ences. 
The President announced the appoint- 
ment of Dr. Bowdltch, of Boston, Dr. Wood- 
ward, of Washington, and I)r. Seguin, of 
New York, as the delegates to the Congress 
of Geneva, to confer ou the arrangement of 
a plan for an international system of medi- 
cine and medical observation, in accord- 
ance with the action tuken on Wednesday. 
Dr. Stanford E. Ghallle, Professor of Phy- 
siology and Pathological Anatomy in tiie 
University of Louisiana, followed in an ad- 
dress on Medical Jurisprudence. 
The speaker rehearsed the history of the 
medical science in its connection with na- 
tional law. and dwelt long upon disad- 
vantages against which jurisprudence la- 
bors In the United States, about which he 
said: 
The States of the Union have, for the most 
part, left the culture of medical science to 
individual enterprise, which supplies sole- 
ly that which the private citizen demands— 
practitioners of medicine to heal the sick. 
The States have as yet made no demand for 
competent medical experts to aid the ad- 
ministration of Justice, and have done 
nothing designedly for the culture of medi- 
cal Jurisprudence. What growth can this 
branch of State medicine have so long as a 
State does not recognize even its existence? 
After Dr. Chaille had finished, the Con- 
gress adjourned until to-day. 
In the sections yesterday afternoon the 
following papers were read : Dr. Charles 
Denison, of Denver, Colorado, on “The 
Influence of High Altitudes on tho Progress 
of Phthisis:” Dr. Henry MacCorrnack, of 
Belfast, Ireland, on “The Open Air Treat- 
ment of Consumption;” Dr. Harrison Al- 
len, Professor of Zoology and Comparative 
Anatomy in the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, on “The Mechanism of Joints;” 
Dr. Claudius H. Mast in, of Mobile, Ala., 
on “ The Causes and Geographical Distri- 
bution of Calculus Diseases;” Dr. W. B. 
Neftel, of New York, on “Electrolytic I Treatment of Malignant Tumors-” Dr E 
I “• Keyes, Adjunct Professor of Surgery and 
Professor of Dermatology in Bellevue Hospi- 
tal Medical College, New York, on “The 
Treatment of Syphilis, with special refe- 
rence to the constitutional remedies appro- 
priate to its various stages, the duration of 
their uses, and the question of their con- 
tinuous or intermittent employment-” 
Dr. C\is. R. Drysdale, Senior Physician to 
the Metropolitan Free Hospital,London,on 
I he treatment of Syphilis, with special 
reference to the constitutional remedies ap- 
propriate to its various stages.” Dr. II F 
Campbell of Georgia, on “The Ligation of 
Arteries lor the relief of Inflammation, and 
for the prevention of gangrene;” and an- 
other on “The Etiology and Pathology of 
Venal and Vesicle Calculus.” Dr. C'url 
Hertzman, delegate from Vienna, on “The 
Treatment of Seborrhoea. ” Dr.William T 
Lusk, Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases 
of Women and Children in the Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York, on 
* 1 he ISature, Causes and Prevention of 
Puerperal Fever:” Dr. Simon Fitch, oT 
New \ork, on “ Paraeentesis, Aspiration 
and Transfusion;” Dr. E. G. Loring, of 
JSew lork, on “Are progressive myopia 
and posterior staphyloma due to hercdila- 
lary predisposition, or can they be in- 
duced by delects of refraction, acting 
through the influence of ciliary Muslcie?” 
Dr. Geo. C. Stevens, of Albany, N. Y. on 
“Relations between Refractive Lesions and 
Corneal Ulcers;” Dr. Clarence J. Blake In- 
structor of Otology In Howard University, 
oji 44 W hat is the best mode of determining 
the hearing of school children, and should 
partially deaf children l>e instructed in 
mixed classes with those who hear well or 
in separate classes, where due allowance 
will be made for their defective hearing?” 
Dr. John II. Rauch, late Sanitary Hu peri n- 
te, of Chicago, 111., on “The D.sposal 
; and Utilization of sew age and Refuse-” Dr 
E. R. Squibb, of Brook lyu, on “Universal 
Pharmacopoeia:' Dr. C. H. Nichols. Phy- 
sician and Superintendent of the Govern- 
ment Hospital tor the Insane, Washington, 
I). C., on “The Best Provisions for the 
Chronic Insane.” 
In the evening the members attended a 
reception given by Mr. Leander Lippincott, 
of this city. * 
Tho International Medical Congress.—• 
Tho International Medical Congress mot in 
fourth day’s session yesterday morning, at 
the University of Pennsylvania, the Presi- 
dent, Professor Gross, in the chair. 
Alter the usual preliminary routine, Dr, 
Bowdltch, of Boston, offered tho following: 
Whereas, The work already accomplished 
by the officers connected with the Bureau 
of the Surgeon General of the United States, 
in tho establishment of ft medical library, 
and in the preparation of its complete and 
unique catulogue in the formation of an 
anatomical museum, from which impor- 
tant scientific results have already been ob- 
tained, and which have been not only a 
source of honor to these United States, but 
of value to foreign and wherever science is 
cultivated; and 
Whereas, This Congress learns with re- 
gret that, owing to a lack of a sufficient cle- 
rical force and of pecuniary means, not 
only some of the work already in progress 
lias been suspended, but that other work 
of equal valuo cannot be undertaken, al- 
though ample materials for the same are 
now lying unused In the Surgeon General’s 
office; therefore 
Resolved, That a committee of three be 
appointed to the Congress of the United 
States, at tho earliest day possible, at its 
next session, to urge efficient support to 
these most important matters. 
Resolved, That it is desirable that said 
memorial be signed by tho president, vice 
presidents and permanent secretary of this 
body. 
These were adopted. 
Upon motion of Dr. J. P. White, of Buf- 
falo, N. Y., it was ordered that the printed 
pamphlet containing Dr. Bowdich’s paper 
on Sanitary Science bo sent to tho Presi- 
dents of State and Territorial Medical So- 
cieties and Sanitary Boards of the United 
States and the Societies and Boards of the 
Dominion of Canada. 
Dr. II. Mizake, of Tokio, Japan, a Vice j 
President, was introduced, and, upon tho 
invitation of the President, occupied the 
chair. 
Dr. Theophilus Parvin, Professor of Ob- 
stetrics in the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of Indiana, then delivered his ad- 
dress on ‘‘Obstetrics.” 
In this lie declared that American obstet- 
ric knowledge had its origin with tho Bri- 
tish rather than the French, and rehearsed 
tho progress of the science in the century, 
and paying high tribute to Professor Wm. 
Potts lie wees, whom he called the father of 
American obstetrics. Ho said that tho im- 
provements and advancing changes in ob- 
stetrics had saved more lives and accom- 
plished greater benefits to humanity than 
those in surgery and other operative sci- 
ences. 
Tho President announced tho appoint- 
ment of Dr. Bowdltch, of Boston, Dr. Wood- 
ward. of Washington, and Dr. Seguln, of 
New York, as the delegates to the Congress 
r*f Geneva, to confer on tho arrangement of 
for —>edi- ' 
cine and medical observation, in accord- . 
ance with the action taken on Wednesday. 
Dr. Stanford E. Challle. Professor of Phy- 
siology and Pathological Anatomy in the 
University of Louisiana, followed in an ad- 
dress on Medical Jurisprudence. 
The speaker rehearsed the history of the 
medical science in its connection with na- 
tional law. and dwelt long upon disad- 
vantages against which Jurisprudence la- 
bors in the United States, about which.be 
said: 
The States of the Union have, for the most 
part, left the culture of medical science to 
Individual enterprise, which supplies sole- j 
ly that which the private citizen demands— 
practitioners of medicine to heal theBick. 
The States have as yet made no demand for 
competent medical experts to aid the ad- 
ministration of Justice, and have done 
nothing designedly for the culture of medi- 
cal Jurisprudence. What growth can this 
branch of State medicine have so long as a 
State does not recognize even its existence? 
After Dr. Challle had finished, the Con- 
gress adjourned until to-day. 
In the sections yesterday afternoon the 
following papers were read : Dr. Charles 
Denison, of Denver, Colorado, on “The 
Influence of High Altitudes on the Progress 
of Phthisis;” Dr. Henry MacCormack, of 
Belfast, Ireland, on ‘‘The Open Air Treat- 
ment of Consumption;” Dr. Harrison Al- 
len, Professor of Zoology and Comparative 
Anatomy in the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, on ‘‘The Mechanism of Joints;” 
Dr. Claudius H. Mastin, of Mobile, Ala., 
on ‘‘The Causes and Geographical Distri- 
bution of Calculus Diseases;” Dr. W. B. 
Nettel, of New York, on ‘‘Electrolytic 
Treatment of Malignant Tumors;” Dr. E. 
L. Keyes, Adjunct Professor of Surgery and 
Professor of Dermatology in Bellevue Hospi- 
tal Medical College, New York, on “The 
Treatment of Syphilis, with special refe- 
rence to the constitutional remedies appro- 
priate to its various stages, the duration of 
their uses, and the question of their con- 
tinuous or intermittent employment;” 
Dr. Cvts- H. Drysdale, Senior Physician to 
the Metropolitan Free Hospital, London, on 
“The Treatment of Syphilis, with special 
reference to the constitutional remedies ap- 
propriate to its various stages.” Dr. H. F. 
Campbell, of Georgia, on “The Ligation of 
Arteries for the relief of inflammation, and 
for the prevention of gangrene;” und An- 
other on “The Etiology and Pathology ot 
Venal and Vesicle Calculus.” Dr. Carl 
Hertzman, delegate from Vienna, on “The 
Treatment of Seborrhtea. ” Dr.William T. 
Lusk, Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases 
of Women und Children in the Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York, ou 
“The Nature, Causes and Prevention of 
Puerperal Fever;” Dr. Simon Fitch, of 
New York, on “ Paracentesis, Aspiration 
and Transfusion;” Dr. E. G. Loring, of 
New York, on “Are progressive myopia 
and posterior staphyloma due to heredita- 
tary predisposition, or can they be in- 
duced by defects of refraction, acting 
through the influence of ciliary Musicle?” 
Dr. Geo. C. Stevens, of Albany, N. Y., on 
“Relations between Refractive Lesions and 
Corneal Ulcers;” Dr. Clarence J. Blake, In- 
structor of Otology in Howard University, 
on “ What is the best mode of determining 
the hearing of schoolchildren, and should 
partially deaf children be instructed in 
mixed classes with those who hear well or 
in separate classes, where due allowance 
will be made for their detective hearing?” 
Dr. John II. Rauch, late Sanitary [Superin- 
tendent of Chicago, 111., on “The lhsposal 
and Utilization ui Sewage and Refuse;” Dr. 
E. R. Squibb, ol Brooklyn on “Universal 
Pharmacopoeia;" Dr. C. H. Nichols. Phy- 
sician and Superintendent of the Govern- 
ment Hospital lor the Insane, Washington, 
D. C., on "The Best Provisions for the i 
Chronic Insane.’’ 
In the evening the members attended a 
reception given by Mr. Leander Lippincott, 
Of this city. 
The International Medical Congress.— 
The International Medical Congress re-as- 
sembled in fifth day’s session yesterday 
morning, at the University of Pennsylva- 
nia, Professor Gross, President, in the 
chair. 
The Secretary announced that the Regis- 
ter contained the names of 480 delegates. 
Dr. Paul F. Eve, of Nashville, Tenn., 
offered a resolution prohibiting the publi- 
cation in medical journals, either entire or 
In abstract, the papers read before the Con- 
gress, until they have appeared in the 
printed minutes. Adopted. 
Dr. N. S. Davis, of Chicago, presented a 
preamble and resolutions, providing for 
the proper and early publication of the full 
minutes of.the Congress, giving the Pub- 
lication Committee the authority to impose 
an additional tax, if necessary, to meet tlie 
expenses of such publication, which was 
adopted. 
A memorial from the Women’s National 
Temperance Union was received, calling 
the attention of the Congress to the sub- 
ject of intemperance, and was referred to 
the Section on Medicine. The communica- 
tion received on Wednesday irom the Na- 
tional Temperance Association, whuhwas 
I then laid upon the table, was taken up aud 
similarly referred. Dr. Sayre offered a resolution, which was 
adopted, providing for the publication ol 
the portrait of the President in the volume 
of transactions. 
Dr. Nathan 8. Davis, Professor of Prin- 
ciples and Practice of Medicine In the Chi- 
cago Medical College, then delivered the 
concluding address on "Medical Educa- 
tion and Medical Institutions." His paper 
contained much statistical matter, indi- 
cating the condition of medical education 
at the present time as contrasted with the 
beginning of the century. It stated that in 
the last year and the present one, the en- 
tire number of students in medical colleges 
has been estimated at 0660, and of these, tcgOC* 
have received the degree of Doctor of Me- 
dicine. 
The Increase in the number of students in 
the past thirty-live years has been in same 
ratio as t he Increase in population. There 
are now about 500 teachers of medicine in 
colleges. 
Upon the conclusion of the address the 
Congress was adjourned finally with a few 
remarks from the President. 
During Saturday the members of the Con- 
gress visited a number of medical institu- 
tions at the invitation of their respective 
managers. Committee of Arrangements instructed to appoint' a local provisional committee of three for 
each section, said Committee to have the power to increase its numbers, as it may deem expedient, 
for the purpose of forwarding the interests of its individual section. 
All committees given power to fill all vacancies in their respective bodies. 
September 20. Sections re-formed as follows: — 
1. Biological Science, including Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, and Microscopy. 
2. Medicine, including Pathology, Pathological Anatomy, and Therapeutics. 
3. Surgery, including Dermatology and Syphilology. 
4. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. 
5. Ophthalmology and Otology. 
6. Sanitary Science, including Hygiene and Medical Statistics. 
7. Mental Diseases. 
8. Chemistry, Toxicology, and Medical Jurisprudence. 
Selection of officers for the Congress referred to that body, to be decided at its first meeting. 
Messrs. Paget, Lebert, Helmholtz, and Schroeder to be invited to make addresses. 
October 1. Committee of Seven on Invitations appointed. (I. M. Hays, chairman.) 
October 16. Committee of Arrangements empowered to select three or more honorary members 
from each State; intrusted to the Committee on Invitations. 
Committees on Sections requested to select questions for discussion, and nominate speakers there- 
on, for their respective Sections. 
Chairmen of Committees on Sections invited to seats with Committee of Arrangements. 
All correspondence, etc., to be preserved in a memorial volume, and placed in library of College 
of Physicians. 
November 8. Secretaries added to the Committee of Arrangements. 
Committee ot Arrangements to meet every other Monday. 
Secretaries, and Chairmen of Committees on Sections, requested to report at each meeting. 
Co-operation with American Medical Association and State Society as to Guide Book and Finances. 
New Section made—4—on Syphilology and Dermatology. The numbers of others changed. [Editors will oblige the Committee of Arrangements by inserting the follow- 
ing circular in their August issue.] 
International Medical Congress- 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4-9, 1876. 
The International Medical Congress will be formally opened 
at noon on Monday the fourth day of September. 
The sessions of the Congress and of its Sections will be held 
in the University of Pennsylvania, Locust and Thirty-fourth 
Streets. 
The General Meetings will be held daily, from io to i 
o’clock. The Sections will meet at 2 o’clock. 
Luncheon for members of the Congress will be served daily 
in the University building from 1 to 2 o’clock. 
On Wednesday evening, September 6th, Dr. J. J. Wood- 
ward, U. S. A., will address the Congress on the Scientific 
Work of the Surgeon-General’s Bureau. 
The Public Dinner of the Congress will be given on Thurs- 
day evening, September 7th, at 7 o’clock. 
The Registration book will be open daily from Thursday, 
August 31st, to Saturday, September 2d, inclusive, from 12 to 
3 P. M., in the Hall of the College of Physicians, N. E. corner of Thirteenth and Locust Street, and at the University of Penn- 
sylvania on Monday, September 4th, from 9 to 12 M., and 
daily thereafter from 9 to 10 A. M. Credentials must in every 
case be presented. 
Letters addressed to the Members of the Congress, to the 
care of the College of Physicians, N. E. corner Locust and 
Thirteenth Streets, Philadelphia, during the week of meeting 
will be delivered at the University of Pennsylvania. 
The Secretaries of State and Territorial Medical Societies 
are requested to forward without delay to the Chairman of 
the Committee on Credentials, I. Minis Hays, M.D., 1607 
Locust St., Philadelphia, lists of their duly accredited dele- 
gates to the Congress. 
Delegates and visitors intending to attend the Congress are 
earnestly requested individually to notify immediately the same 
Committee. 
This information is desired to facilitate registration, and to 
ensure proper accommodation for the Congress. 
Members intending to participate in the Public (subscrip- 
tion) Dinner of the Congress will please notify the Secretary 
of the Committee on Entertainment, J. Ewing Mears, M.D., 
1429 Walnut St., Philadelphia. 
Gentlemen intending to make communications upon scientific 
subjects, or to participate in any of the debates, will please 
notify the Commission before the fifteenth of August. 
Philadelphia, July 20th, 1876. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS 
I876. 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4-9. 
Delegates Registered up to Saturday (Sept. 2), 3 P. M. 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia, 2000 DeLancey Place. 
Wm. B. Atkinson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1400 Pine St. 
Washington L. Atlee, M.D., Philadelphia, 1408 Arch St. 
Henry B. Baker, M.D., Lansing, Michigan, 340 N. 32d St. 
J. M. Barton, M.D , Philadelphia, 201 S. 11th St. 
Henry I. Bowditch, M.D., Boston, Mass. 3900 Spruce St. 
C. H. Burnett, M.D., Philadelphia, 127 S. 18th St. 
Robert Burns, M.D., Philadelphia, 4323 Frankford Av. 
W. Burt, M.D., Paris, Ontario, Canada, Globe Hotel. 
Francis W. Campbell, M.I)., Montreal, Canada, Colonnade Hotel. 
R. Brudenell Carter, M.I)., London, Eng. Continental Hotel. 
Richard A. Cleeman, M.D., Philadelphia, 340 S. 21st St. 
Wm. Cogswell, M.I)., Bradford, Mass. 
J. Solis Cohen, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1431 Walnut St. 
Pierre Debaisieux, M.I)., Louvain, Belgium, 4823 Haverford Av. 
Thomas M. Drysdale, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1531 Arch St. 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Augusta, Georgia, St. Cloud Hotel. 
R. J. Punglison, M.D., Philadelphia, 814 N. 16th St. 
S. Engelsted, M.I)., Copenhagen, Denmark, 757 Corinthian Av. 
Emil Fischer, M.I)., Philadelphia, 729 N. 6th St. 
Albert Fricke, M.I)., Philadelphia, 235 N. 6th St. 
William Goodell, M.D., Philadelphia, 20th and Hamilton Sts. 
Thomas W. Gordon, M.D., Georgetown, Ohio. 
J. A. Grant, M.I)., Ottawa, Canada, Hotel Aubrey. 
John Green, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Continental Hotel. 
Samuel D. Gross, M.I)., Philadelphia, Cor. 11th and Walnut Sts. 
Charles Hamilton, M.D., Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, 919 Chestnut St. 
George C. Harlan, M.D., Philadelphia, 1806 Chestnut St. 2 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
I. Minis Hays, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1607 Locust St. 
Addincll Hewson, M.D., Philadelphia, 2100 Walnut St. 
Johan Hjort, M.D., Christiania, Norway, 3716 Chestnut St. 
Jno. T. Hodgen, M.I)., St. Louis, Mo., 1330 Arch St. 
R. P. Howard, M.D., Montreal, Canada, St. George Hotel. 
R. F. Hudson, M.I)., Ballarat, Australia, St. George Hotel. 
Prof, llueter, M.D., Griefswald, 2140 Hancock St. 
William Hunt, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1300 Spruce St. 
John C. Hupp, M.I)., Wheeling, Va., Continental Hotel. 
Jas. II. Hutchinson, M.I)., Philadelphia, 2019 Walnut St. 
Frederick Hyde, M.I)., New York, 4024 Chestnut St. 
Christopher Johnston, M.R., Baltimore, Md. St. George Hotel. 
Walter Kempster, M.I)., Winnebago Co., Wisconsin, 
S. E. cor. 20th and Mt. Vernon Sts. 
J. G. Kerr, M.I)., San Francisco, 1954 N. 10th St. 
C. Lange, M.D., Copenhagen, Denmark, 757 Corinthian Av. 
Joseph Lister, M.I)., Edinburgh, Scotland, Continental Hotel. 
F. F. Maury, M.I) , Philadelphia, 1218 Walnut St. 
Thomas F. McLean, M.D., Goderich, Ontario, 
v Grand Exposition Hotel. 
J. Ewing Mears, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1429 Walnut St. 
Andrew K. Minnich, M.I)., Philadelphia, 2228 N. Front St. 
II. Miyake, M.I)., Tokio, Japan, 1337 Spruce St. 
Geo. R. Morehouse, M I)., Philadelphia, 227 S. 9th St. 
George Murray, M.D., New Glasgow, N. Scotia, 113 S. Broad St. 
R. D. Murray, M.D., Florida, 1333 Girard Av. 
S. Nagayo, M.I)., Tokio, Japan, 1337 Spruce St. 
Jno. A. Octerlony, M.I)., Louisville, Kentucky, 2225 Spruce St. 
Jno. II. Packard, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1924 Spruce St. 
Win. H. Pancoast, M.D., Philadelphia, 1100 Walnut St. 
William Pepper, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1811 Spruce St. 
Edwin Powell, M.D., Chicago, 111., Globe Hotel. 
Thomas B. Reed, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1427 Walnut St. 
James E. Reeves, M.D., Wheeling, W. Va., 408 S. Broad St. 
Jos. G. Richardson, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1835 Chestnut St. 
Jacob Roberts, M.I)., Philadelphia, 2033 Green St. 
Prof. Rudnew, M.D., St. Petersburg, Russia, 2109 Columbia Av. 
W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., Philadelphia, 1932 Chestnut St. 
II. S. Schell, M.D., Philadelphia, 1004 Vine St. 
Clias. Shepard, M.I)., Grand Rapids, Michigan, Irving House. 
B. F. Sherman, M.I)., Ogdensburg, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
Edward Shippen, M.I)., U. S. N., Naval Hospital. 3 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Wharton Sinkler, M.D., Philadelphia, 1534 Pine St. 
Albert H. Smith, M.D., Philadelphia, 1419 Walnut St. 
Joseph R. Smith, M.I)., U. S. A., Ft. Monroe, Ya., 340 S. 21st St. 
Edwin M. Snow, M.T)., Providence, R. 1., 626 N. 40th St 
J. L. Stewart, M.D., Erie, Pa., 1528 N. Broad St. 
Alfred Stills, M.D., Philadelphia, 3900 Spruce St. 
S. S. Stryker, M.D., Philadelphia, 3713 Walnut St. 
G. E. Sussdorff, M.I)., Macon, Georgia, Continental Hotel. 
E. J. Tefft, M.I)., Syracuse, N. Y., Aubrey Hotel. 
William Thomson, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1502 Locust St. 
F. Walton Todd, M.I)., California, * Girard House. 
Edward II. Trenholme, M.I)., Montreal, Canada, Aubrey Hotel. 
Jolliffe Tufncll, M.I)., Dublin, Ireland, Continental Hotel. 
Laurence Turnbull, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1208 Spruce St. 
E. Will iams, M.I)., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1843 Chestnut St. 
Ellwood Wilson, M.I)., Philadelphia, 212 S. 15th St. 
Caspar Wister, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1303 Arch St. 
H. C. Wood, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1706 Chestnut St. 
II. P. Yeomans, M.I)., Mt. Forest, Ontario, Canada, 
Merchants’ Hotel. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS 
I876. 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4-9. 
Delegates Registered up to Tuesday (Sept. 5), 3 P. M. 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
0. P. Abbott, M.D., Manchester, N. H., Hotel Aubrey. 
William Adams, Esq., F.R.C.S., London, Eng. St. George Hotel. 
C. R. Agnew, M.D., New York City, 1502 Locust St. 
Harrison Allen, M.D., Philadelphia, 111 S. 20th St. 
J. W. Anawalt, M.D., Greensburg, Pa., St. Cloud Hotel. 
William Anderson, M.D., Indiana, Penna., 1227 Filbert St. 
Abram B. Arnold, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia, 2000 DeLancey Place. 
Wm. B. Atkinson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1400 Pine St. 
John L. Atlee, M.D., Lancaster, Pa., 210 S. 13th St. 
Washington L. Atlee, M.P., Philadelphia, 1408 Arch St. 
H. P. Ayres, M.D., Fort Wayne, Ind. 
Francis Bacon, M.D., New Haven, Conn., 506 S. Broad St. 
Henry T. Bahnson, M.P., Salem, N. C., 504 N. 4th St. 
William H. Bailey, M.D., Albany, N. Y., 1734 Master St. 
Henry B. Baker, M.D., Lansing, Michigan, 340 N. 32d St. 
A. S. Baldwin, M.D., Jacksonville, Florida, Hotel Aubrey.- 
Fordyce Barker, M.D., N. Y. City, 1700 Walnut St. 
Robert Barnes, M.D., London, England, 1729 Chestnut St. 
Roberts Bartholow, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, Continental Hotel. 
Edwin W. Bartlett, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis., Park Yiew Hotel. 
J. K. Bartlett, M.D., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Continental Hotel. 
J. M. Barton, M.D , Philadelphia, 201 S. lltli St. 
F. W. Beard, M.D., Vincennes, Ind., 108 N. 41st St. 
C. E. Beardsley, M.D., Ottawa, Ohio, St. Cloud Hotel. 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D., Philadelphia, 113 S. Broad St. 
John S. Billings, M.D., U. S. A., Washington, D. C., 
1706 Chestnut St. 2 
name. residence. 
Clarence J. Blake, M.T)., Boston, Mass. 127 S. 18th St. 
F. Bogart, M.D., Sweetwater, Tenn., Atlas Hotel. 
Robert Bolling, M.D., Chestnut Hill, Penn. 
Henry I. Bowditch, M.D., Boston, Mass. 3900 Spruce St. 
Richard C. Brandeis, M.D., Louisville, Ky., 1206 Chestnut St. 
Jno. L. Bray, M.D., Chatham, Ontario, Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
A. L. Breysacher, M.D., Little Rock, Ark., Continental Hotel. 
Geo. E. Briekett, M.D., Augusta, Maine, United States Hotel. 
Charles E. Briggs, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 1525 S. 6th St. 
John IT. Brinton, M.D., Philadelphia, 1423 Spruce St. 
Wm. Brodie, M.D., Detroit, Mich., Continental Hotel. 
W. H. Brouse, M.D., Prescott, Ont., Canada, Hotel La FayetW. 
D. Tilden Brown, M.D., New York City, 3509 Baring St. 
James II. Brownfield, M.D., Fairmount, W. Va., 2320 Fitzwater St. 
Geo. D. Bruce, M.D., Pittsbm-gh, Pa., 14 Merrick St. 
T. Lauder Brunton, M.D., London, Eng. 1706 Chestnut St. 
Peter Bryce, M.D., Tuscaloosa, Ala., Hotel Aubrey. 
Albert II. Buck, M.D., N. Y. City, Trans-Continental Hotel. 
Frederick J. Buck, M.D., Philadelphia, 770 S. 15th St. 
L. Duncan Bulkley, M.T)., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
F. J. Bumstead, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
Francis Burdick, M.D., Johnstown, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
C. II. Burnett, M.D., Philadelphia, 127 S. 18th St. 
Robert Burns, M.D., Philadelphia, 4323 Frankford Av. 
George Burr, M.D., Binghamton, N. Y. Hotel Aubrey. 
W. Burt, M.IX, Paris, Ontario, Canada, Globe Hotel. 
Samuel C. Busey, M.D., Washington, D. C., Retry House. 
James D. Button, M.D., Auburn, N. Y. 1736 Park St. 
Wm. II. Byford, M.D., Chicago, 111., 
A. W. Calhoun, M.D., Atlanta, Ga. La Pierre House. 
Francis W. Campbell, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Colonnade Hotel. 
Henry Fraser Campbell, M.D., Augusta, Ga., 3821 Walnut St. 
I. A. Campbell, M.D., Grafton, W. Va., 252 South 10th St. 
Wm. Canniff, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Gould’s Hotel. 
John T. Carpenter, M.D., Pottsville, Penna., 3915 Woodland Av. 
Joseph Carson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1120 Spruce St. 
Robert Brudenell Carter, Esq., F.R.C.S., London, Eng., 
Continental Hotel. 
Edward T. Caswell, M.D., Providence, R. I. 2017 Spruce St. 
B. H. Catlin, M.D., West Meriden, Conn., 3245 Sansom St. 
Stanford E. Chailld, M.D., New Orleans, La., Hotel Aubrey. 
E. W. Clark, M.D., Grinnell, Iowa, NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Richard A. Cleemann, M.I)., Philadelphia, 340 S. 21st St. 
Win. Cogswell, M.D., Bradford, Mass. 
J. Solis Cohen, M.D., Philadelphia, 1431 Walnut St. 
Abraham Coles, M.D., Newark, N. J., 
George Lewis Collins, M.D., Providence, R. I., 1521 Spruce St. 
Edward Cox, M.D., Battle Creek, Michigan, Irving House. 
Francis D. Cunningham, M.D., Richmond, Ya., La Pierre House. 
Geo. Cupples, M.D., San Antonio, Texas., Hotel Aubrey. 
R. G. Curtin, M.D., Philadelphia, 322 S. 17th St. 
John Curwen, M.D., Harrisburg, Pa. 
J. M. I)a Costa, M.I)., Philadelphia. 1700 Walnut St. 
J. C. Dalton, M.D., New York City, Continental Hotel. 
John Davis, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, Bryn Mawr, Penna. 
Nathan S. Davis, M.D., Chicago, 111., Continental Hotel. 
Richard Davy, Esq., F.R.C.S., London, England, St. George Hotel. 
Pierre Debaisieux, M.D., Louvain, Belgium, 4823 Haverford Av. 
Charles Denison, M.D., Denver, Colorado. 2034 Chestnut St. 
Henry D. Didama, M.D., Syracuse, N. Y., 3420 Sansom St. 
Stephen Dodge, M.D., Halifax, Nova Scotia, 608 S. 9th St. 
J. Lewis Dorset, M.D., Genito, Ya., 1928 Race St. 
Greensville Dowell, M.D., Galveston, Texas, 1338 Spruce St. 
Thomas M. Drysdale, M.D., Philadelphia, 1531 Arch St. 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Augusta, Georgia, St. Cloud Hotel. 
J. J. Dugdale, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Grand Exposition Hotel. 
Thomas S. Duffy, M.D., Rutherfordton, N. C., Continental Hotel. 
Louis A. Duhring, M.D., Philadelphia, 1416 Spruce St. 
R. J. Dunglison, M.D., Philadelphia, 814 N. 16th St. 
Alexander Dunlap, M.D., Springfield, Ohio, Girard House. 
Charles W. Earle, M.D., Chicago, 111., 1917 Hamilton St. 
S. S. Earle, M.D., St. John, N. B., St. George Hotel. 
J. C. Eastman, M.D., Hampstead, N. H., Hotel Aubrey. 
James H. Eldredge, M.D., East Greenwich, R. I., Grand Yilla Hotel. 
William Elmer, M.D., Bridgeton, N. J. 
Paul F. Eve, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., 1432 Spruce St. 
S. Engelsted, M.D., Copenhagen, Denmark, 757 Corinthian Av. 
J. A. Estlander, M.D., Helsingfors, Finland, 39 Saunders Av. 
David S. Fairchild, M.D., Ames, Iowa, 
Cyrus Falconer, M.D., Hamilton, Ohio, Globe Hotel. 
P. J. Farnsworth, M.D., Clinton, Iowa, 37th and Spruce St. 
George Jackson Fisher, M.D., Sing Sing, N. Y. Continental Hotel. 
Emil Fischer, M.D., Philadelphia, 729 N. 6th St. 
William Finlay, M.D., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1425 Arch St. 4 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Thomas Davis Fitch, M.D., Chicago, 111., Girard House. 
Thomas M. Flandreau, M.D., Rome, N. Y., 622 W. 40th St. 
Austin Flint, M.I)., New York City, 11th and Walnut Sts. 
Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., New York City, Continental Hotel. 
William H. Ford, M.D., Philadelphia, 1622 Summer St. 
William Fox, M.D., Madison, Wis., Girard House. 
Albert Fricke, M.D., Philadelphia, 235 N. 6th St. 
F. T. Fuller, M.D., Raleigh, N. C., Washington Hotel. 
Anatole de Gaine, M.D., St. Petersburg, Russia, 235 South 6th St. 
Frederic Henry Gerrish, M.D., Portland, Maine. 
Henry Gibbons, M.D., San Francisco, Cal. 
William Goodell, M.D., Philadelphia, 20th and Hamilton Sts. 
H. Earnest Goodman, M.D., Philada., 1421 Chestnut St. 
Thomas W. Gordon, M.D., Georgetown, Ohio. 
J. W. S. Gouley, M.D., N. Y. City Continental Hotel. 
J. A. Grant, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, Hotel Aubrey. 
John P. Gray, M.D., Utica, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
John Green, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Continental Hotel. 
Wm. Warren Greene, M.D., Portland, Maine, Continental Hotel. 
Traill Green, M.D., Easton, Pa., La Pierre House. 
Josias A. Grelaud, M.D., Louisville, Ky., 617 N. 10th St. 
Samuel D. Gross, M.D., Philadelphia, Cor. 11th and Walnut Sts. 
S. W. Gross, M.D., Philadelphia, 1115 Walnut St. 
Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U. S.N., Washington, D. C. 
Charles Hamilton, M.D., Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, 919 Chestnut St. 
Frank II. Hamilton, M.D., N. Y. City, Hotel Aubrey. 
J. W. Hamilton, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, Girard House. 
D. W. Hand, M.D., St. Paul, Minn., 1505 N. Broad St. 
Charles J. Hare, M.D., London, Eng., St. George Hotel. 
George C. Harlan, M.D., Philadelphia, 1806 Chestnut St. 
B. F. Hart, M.D., Marietta, Ohio, 743 N. 20th St. 
Andrew Hartman, M.D., Baltimore, Md., 
Henry Hartshorne, M.D., Haverford College, Pa., 1210 Filbert St. 
N. L. Hatfield, M.D., Philadelphia, 501 Franklin St. 
I. Minis Hays, M.D., Philadelphia, 1607 Locust St. 
W. J. Heddins, M.D., St. Joseph, Mo., Continental Hotel. 
Charles Heitzmann, M.D., N. Y. City, 235 S. 8th St. 
George E. Hersey, M.D., Manchester, N. II., Hotel Aubrey. 
Charles A. Hewitt, M.D., Red Wing, Minn., 
Addinell Hewson, M.D., Philadelphia, 2100 Walnut St. 
Albert G. Heyl, M.D., Phila., 1535 Pine St. 
E. A. Hildreth, M.D., Wheeling, W. Va., St. Stephen’s Hotel. NAMK- RESIDENCE. 
Wm. H. Kingston, M.T)., Montreal, Canada, 1229 Chestnut St. 
Homer O. Hitchcock, M.D., Kalamazoo, Mich.,. Chestnut Hill. 
Johan Iljort, M.D., Christiania, Norway, 3716 Chestnut St. 
Edward M. Hodder, M.D., F.R.C.S., Toronto, Can. Girard House. 
H. Lenox Hodge, M.D., Philadelphia, 506 S. Broad St. 
Jno. T. Hodgen, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 1330 Arch St. 
John H. Hollister, M.D., Chicago, 111., 1731 Girard Ave. 
T. K. Holmes, M.D., Chatham, Ont., Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
R. P. Howard, M.D., Montreal, Canada, St. George Hotel. 
John C. Hubbard, M.D., Ashtabula, Ohio, 525 Franklin St. 
Stephen G. Hubbard, M.D., New Haven, Conn. United States Hotel. 
R. F. Hudson, M.D., Ballarat, Australia, St. George Hotel. 
Prof. Hueter, Griefswald, 2140 Hancock St. 
C. H. Hughes, M.D., St. Louis, Mo. Girard House. 
E. W. Hughes, M.D., Grenada, Miss. 
J. C. Hughes, M.D., Keokuk, Iowa, 317 S. 10th St. 
Edward R. Hun, M.D., Albany, N. Y. 1835 Chestnut St. 
Ezra M. Hunt, M.D., Metuchen, N. J., 10th and Fairmount Ave. 
William Hunt, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1300 Spruce St. 
John C. Hupp, M.D., Wheeling, Va., Continental Hotel. 
A. Hurd, M.D., Findlay, Ohio, St. Cloud Hotel. 
W. S. Huselton, M.I)., Allegheny City, Pa., Girard House. 
Alexander Hutchins, M.I)., Brooklyn, N. Y., St. Charles Hotel. 
Jas. H. Hutchinson, M.D., Philadelphia, 2019 Walnut St. 
Joseph C. Hutchison, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Frederick Hyde, M.D., New York, 4024 Chestnut St. 
Wm. Irvin, M.D., Breakneck, Pa., 1257 N. 15th St. 
Harvey Jewett, M.D., Canandaigua, N.Y., 145 N. 11th St. 
P. A. Jewett, M.D., ?\ew Haven, Conn., Continental Hotel. 
A. H. Johnson, M.D., Salem, Mass., Continental Hotel. 
Jno. C. Johnson, M.D., Blairstown, N. J., Merchants’ Hotel. 
H. A. Johnson, M.D., Chicago, 111., 118 N. 11th St. 
Christopher Johnston, M.D., Baltimore, Md. St. George Hotel. 
Samuel J. Jones, M.D., Chicago, 111. Continental Hotel. 
L. S. Joynes, M.D., Richmond, Va., 1323 Spruce St. 
W. W. Keen, M.D., Philadelphia, 1729 Chestnut St. 
Walter Kempster, M.D., Winnebago Co., Wisconsin, 
S. E. cor. 20th and Mt. Vernon Sts. 
J. G. Kerr, M.D., San Francisco, 1954 N. 10th St. 
E. L. Keyes, M.D., N. Y. City, 1823 Chestnut St. 
S. B. Kieffer, M.D., Carlisle, Pa., ♦ 714 N. 19th St. 
G. Kimball, M.D., Lowell, Mass., Globe Hotel. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
C. B. King, M.D., Allegheny Cityr, Pa., 2014 Race St. 
R. A. Kinloch, M.D., Charleston, S. C., 1430 Spruce St. 
Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.D., Phila. Penna. Hospital for Insane. 
Herman Knapp, M.D., New York City. West End Hotel. 
W. A. Koukol de Yasnopolsky, M.D., St. Petersburg, Russia, 
235 South 6th St. 
C. Lange, M.D., Copenhagen, Denmark, 151 Corinthian Ay. 
James Leslie, M.D., Hamilton, Ont., Canada, Continental Hotel. 
James U. Letcher, M.D., Henderson, Ky., 108 N. 41st st. 
Joseph Lister, Edinburgh, Scotland, Continental Hotel. 
William T. Lusk, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
Alfred A. Lutkins, M.D., Jersey City, N. J., Hotel Aubrey. 
Thomas Lyon, M.D., Williamsport, Penna., 1927 N. 12th St. 
John Duff Macdonald, M.D., Hamilton, Ont., Merchants’ Hotel. 
John H. Mackie, M.D., New Bedford, Mass. Guy’s Hotel. 
Thos. L. Maddin, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., 10th and Arch St. 
T. D. Manning, M.D., Waco, Texas, 
S. Marks, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis., Hotel Aubrey. 
Darius Mason, M.D., Prairie-du-Chien, Wis., 1824 Girard Ave. 
E. F. Maury, M.D., Philadelphia, 1218 Walnut St. 
Hunter McGuire, M.D., Richmond, Va., Continental Hotel* 
Theodore A. McGraw, M.D., Detroit, Michigan, Globe Hotel. 
John W. Mcllheney, M.D., Warrenton, Va., La Pierre House. 
Thomas F. McLean, M.D., Goderich, Ontario, 
Grand Exposition Hotel. 
Geo. W. Mears, M.I)., Indianapolis, Ind., 1429 Walnut St. 
J. Ewing Mears, M.D., Philadelphia, 1429 Walnut St. 
Jas. Aitken Meigs, M.D., Philada., 1408 Spruce St. 
Marcas de J. Meleros, M.D., Havana, Cuba, 204 Union St. 
H. P. Merriman, M.D., Chicago, 111., 1621 Vine St. 
Thos. S. Michaels, M.D., Richmond, Va., 149 North 5th St. 
Julius F. Miner, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Andrew K. Minnich, M.D., Philadelphia, 2228 N. Front St. 
Francis Minot, M.D., Boston, Mass., Bryn Mawr Hotel. 
H. Miyake, M.D., Tokio, Japan, 1337 Spruce St. 
John F. Monmonier, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
E. M. Moore, M.D., Rochester, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Geo. R. Morehouse, M.D., Philadelphia, 227 S. 9th St. 
Thomas G. Morton, M.D., Philada., 1421 Chestnut St. 
Alexander B. Mott, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
H. J. Murphy, M.D.,*Chatham, Ont., Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
George Murray, M.D., New Glasgow, N. Scotia, 113 S. Broad St. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
R. I). Murray, M.D., Florida, 1333 Girard Av. 
S. Nagayo, M.D., Tokio, Japan, 1331 Spruce St. 
R. I. Nunn, M.D., Savannah, Ga., 128 South 15th St. 
Jno. A. Octerlony, M.D., Louisville, Kentucky, 2225 Spruce St. 
Michael O’Hara, M.D., Philadelphia, 31 S. 16th St. 
Wm. Oldright, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Irving House. 
H. L. Orth, M.D., Harrisburg, Pa. 
J. W. D. Osgood, M.D., Greenfield, Mass. 
George A. Otis, M.D., Washington, D.C., La Pierre House. 
John E. Owens, M.I)., Chicago, 111., 
Jno. H. Packard, M.D., Philadelphia, 1924 Spruce St. 
Wm. H. Pancoast, M.D., Philadelphia, 1100 Walnut St. 
Edward H. Parker, M.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1106 Spruce St. 
Joseph Parrish, M.D., Burlington, N. J. 
Theophilus Parvin, M.D., Indianapolis, Ind., Girard House. 
R. S. Payne, M.D., Lynchburg, Ta., 616 Locust St. 
Enoch Pearce, Jr., M.D., Steubenville, 0. 
E. II. Peaslee, M.D., New York City, Continental Hotel. 
William Pepper, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1811 Spruce St. 
Gideon L. Platt, M.D., Waterbury, Conn. 340 North 18th St. 
A. M. Pollock, M.I)., Pittsburg, Continental Hotel. 
J. II. Pooley, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, 1337 N. Broad St. 
Charles II. Porter, M.D., Albany, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
I). II. Porter, M.D., Kansas City, Mo., 
Isaac G. Porter, M.D., New London, Conn. 
Wm. G. Porter, M.D., Phila, 314 S. lltli St. 
Edwin Powell, M.D., Chicago, 111., Globe Hotel. 
J. S. Prout, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., Atlas Hotel. 
Samuel S. Purple, M.I)., New York City, Continental Hote'. 
Isaac Ray, M.D., Philadelphia, 3509 Baring St. 
L. S. Rayfield, M.D., Jefferson, Texas, Windsor Hotel. 
G. Rawson, M.D., Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic, 
• 2032 Chestnut St. 
A. N. Read, M.D., Norwalk, Ohio, 
Thomas B. Reed, M.D., Philadelphia, 1427 Walnut St. 
James I. Reeve, M.D., Appleton, Wis., 408 S. Broad St. 
James E. Reeves, M.D., Wheeling, W. Va., 408 S. Broad St 
Alex’r P. Reid, M.D., Nova Scotia, Canada, Atlas Hotel. 
Dudle}r S. Reynolds, M.D., Louisville, Ky., Continental Hotel. 
George A. Rex, M.D., Philadelphia, 2118 Pine St. 
Jos. G. Richardson, M.I)., Philadelphia, 1835 Chestnut St. 
T. G. Richardson, M.D., New Orleans, La., St. George Hotel. 8 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
W. L. Richardson, M.I)., Montrose, Pa., 1626 Vine St. 
J. M. Ridge, M.D., Camden, N. J., 
S. D. Risley, M.D., Philadelphia, 112 S. Hth St. 
Jacob Roberts, M.D., Philadelphia, 2033 Green St. 
David Robertson, M.D., Milton, Ont., Canada, 2021 Girard Av. 
James D. Robison, M.D., Wooster, Ohio, 1105 GirardS t. 
Thos. F. Rochester, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
R. E. Rogers, M.D., Phila., 1004 Walnut St. 
J. W. Rosebrugh, M.D., Hamilton, Canada, 2113 Arch St. 
John D. Ross, M.D., Williamsburg, Pa., 52Y South 11th .St. 
Prof. Rudnew, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2109 Columbia Av. 
W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., Philadelphia, 1932 Chestnut St. 
Ira Russell, M.D., Winchendon, Mass., 1803 N. 11 St. 
John W. Russell, M.D., Mt. Yernon, Ohio, Bingham House. 
Thomas P. Russell, M.D., Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Hotel Aubrey. 
Thos. Edward Sattertliwaite, M.D., New York City, 
Trans-Continental Hotel. 
William Savery, M.D., Br37n Mawr, Penna., 
Louis A. Sayre, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
H. S. Schell, M.D., Philadelphia, 1004 Yine St. 
James M. Scott, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Girard House. 
W. Scott, M.D., Cleveland, Ohio, Atlas Hotel. 
Edward Seguin, M.D., New York City. 
Amos Seip, M.D., Easton, Penna., 625 N. 6tli St. 
Frederick Semeleder, M.D., Vienna, Austria, Hotel Aubrey. 
Leopold Servais, M.D., Anvers, Belgium, 245 South 8th St. 
Edward O. Sliakespeare, M.D., Philada., 1344 Spruce St. 
Clias. Shepard, M.D., Grand Rapids, Michigan, Irving House. 
B. F. Sherman, M.D., Ogdensburg, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
Edwrard Shippen, M.D., U. S. N., Naval Hospital. 
Alex. R. Simpson, M.D., Edinburgh, Scotland, 
Broad and Locust Sts. 
Wharton Sinkler, M.D., Philadelphia, 1534 Pine St. 
Henry M. Skillman, M.D., Lexington, Ky., Girard House. 
Albert H. Smith, M.D., Philadelphia, 1419 Walnut St. 
Ashbel Smith, M.D., Houston, Texas, Hotel Aubrey. 
David P. Smith, M.D., Springfield, Mass., West End Hotel. 
Eugene Smith, M.D., Detroit, Michigan, 1324 N. 15th St. 
Heber Smith, M.D., TJ. S. M.-H. S. 3421 Walnut St. 
J. Lewis Smith, M.D., New York City, 1111 Filbert St. 
Joseph R. Smith, M.D., U. S. A., Ft. Monroe, Va., 340 S. 21st St. 
Edwin M. Snow, M.D., Providence, II. I., 626 N. 40th St. N AMR. RESIDENCE. 
H. N. Spencer, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 608 Marshall St. 
S. Fleet Spier, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
Edward R. Squibb, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
A. J. Steele, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Hotel Aubrey. 
Lewis H. Steiner, M.D., Frederick City, Md., Hotel Aubrey. 
Geo. T. Stevens, M.D., Albany, N. Y., Girard House. 
D. F. Stewart, M.D., Houston, Texas. 
J. L. Stewart, M.D., Erie, Pa., 1528 N. Broad St. 
James A. Steuart, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
Alfred Stilld, M.D., Philadelphia, 3900 Spruce St. 
Joseph A. Stilwell, M.D., Brownstown, Ind., 530 Brooklyn St. 
Geo. Strawbridge, M.D., Philadelphia, 1616 Chestnut St. 
S. S. Stryker, M.D., Philadelphia, 3113 Walnut St. 
Absalom B. Stuart, M.D., Winona, Minnesota, 1315 Jefferson St. 
G. E. Sussdorff, M.D., Macon, Georgia, Continental Hotel. 
George Sutton, M.D., Aurora, Ind. 
Joseph Swartz, M.D., Duncannon, Pa., 918 North 12th St. 
Y. H. Taliaferro, M.D., Atlanta, Ga., La Pierre House. 
B. W. Taylor, M.D., Columbia, S. C., 1430 Spruce St. 
M. A. Taylor, M.D., Austin City, Texas. 
E. J. Tefft, M.D., Syracuse, N. Y., Aubrey Hotel. 
S. H. Tewksbury, M.D., Portland, Me. United States Hotel. 
William Thomson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1502 Locust St. 
James Thorburn, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Girard House. 
F. Walton Todd, M.D., California, Girard House. 
S. S. Todd, M.D., Kansas City, Mo. 3728 Lancaster Ave. 
J. M. Toner, M.D., Washington, D. C., Continental Hotel. 
Edward H. Trenholme, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Aubrey Hotel. 
Joliffe Tufnell, Esq., F.R.C.S., Dublin, Ireland, Continental Hotel. 
Horace Tupper, M.D., Bay City, Mich. 
Charles S. Turnbull, M.D., Philadelphia, 1220 Walnut St. 
Laurence Turnbull, M.D., Philadelphia, 1208 Spruce St. 
Edward B. Turnipseed, M.D., Columbia, S. C., 1545 Vine St. 
James Tyson, M.D., Philadelphia, 332 S. 15th St. 
G. Underwood, M.D., Pittston, Pa., 4029 Ludlow St. 
Wm. H. VanBuren, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
Jos. H. Vandeman, M.D., Chattanooga, Tenn., 
Arthur Yan Harlingen, M.D., Philadelphia, 129 S. 15th St. 
Thomas H. Yan Yalzah, M.D., Lewiston, Pa., 
Theodore R. Yarick, M.D., Jersey City, N. J. 
Alex. M. Yedder, M.D., Schenectady, X. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
H. D. Yosburgh, M.D., Lyons, N. Y., 225 N. 13th St. 
9 10 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Clement A. Walker, M.D., Boston, Mass., West End Hotel. 
Charles D. Watson, M.D., Covington, Ind., 
Wm. Watson, M.D., Dubuque, Iowa, Marble Terrace Hotel. 
W. Murray Weidman, M.D., Reading, Pa., 15 S. 9th St. 
James C. White, M.D., Boston, Mass., United States Hotel. 
James P. White, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
Luther C. White, M.D., Van Buren, Ark., 619 North 10th St. 
E. Williams, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1843 Chestnut St. 
George Wilkins, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Grand Exposition Hotel. 
De Forest Willard, M.D., Philadelphia. 113 S. 16th St. 
Henry W. Williams, M.D., Boston, Mass., United States Hotel. 
Ellwood Wilson, M.D., Philadelphia, 212 S. 15tli St. 
F. N. Wise, M.D., Covington, Ky. 1408 Arch St. 
Caspar Wister, M.D., Philadelphia, 1303 Arch St* 
H. C.'Wood, M.D., Philadelphia, 1706 Chestnut St. 
H. D. Wood, M.D., Angola, Ind. 433 Arch St. 
Alfred II. Woodill, M.I)., Halifax, N. S., Girard House. 
Ashbel Woodward, M.D., Franklin, Conn., Channing House. 
J. J. Woodward, M.D., U. S. A., Washington, D. C., 1712 Race St. 
John M. Woodworth, M.D., U.S.M.-H. S., Washington, D. C., 
3421 Walnut St. 
Algernon Woolverton, M.D., Hamilton, Ont., 474 N. 8th St. 
Theo. W. Wormley, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, 1334 Pine St. 
Fred. H. Wright, M.D., Toronto, Ont., Canada, 1203 Wallace St. 
R. F. Wright, M.D., Dalton, Ga., 240 South 8th St. 
Lunsford P. Yandell, M.D., Louisville, Ky., Continental Hotel. 
IL P. Y'eomans, M.D., Mt. Forest, Ont,, Canada, Merchants’ Hotel. OFFICERS 
OF THE 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
President. 
Samuel D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L. Oxon. Philadelphia 
Vice-Presidents. 
Paul P. Eve, M.D., Tennessee. 
Joliffe Tufnell, Esq , F.R.C S., Dublin. 
W. L. Atlee, M.D., Philadelphia. 
C. Lange, Copenhagen. 
T. G. Richardson, M.D., Louisiana. 
W. H. Hingston, M.D., Canada. 
James P. White, M.D., New York. 
H. Miyake, Japan. 
N. R. Smith, M.D., Maryland. 
Prof. Rudnew, Russia. 
J. M. Toner, M.D., District of Columbia. 
Prof. Hueter, Griefswald. 
J. B. Johnson, M.D., Missouri. 
F. Semeleder, M.D , Vienna. 
Hunter McGuire, M.D., Virginia. 
Johan Hjort, M.D., Norway. 
Henry Gibbons, M.D., California. 
G. L. Collins, M.D., Rhode Inland. 
R. F. Hudson, M.D., Australia. 
Pierre Debaisieux, M.D., Belgium. 
N. S. Davis, M.D., Illinois. 
Wm. Adams, Esq., F.R.C.S., London. 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Georgia. 
Alexander R. Simpson, M.D., Edinburgh. 
J. K. Bartlett, M.D., Wisconsin. 12 
Surgeon-General Barnes, u. g. 
Surgeon-General Beale, • H. S. N. 
Honorary Vice-Presidents. 
Secretary-General. 
I. Minis Hays, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Secretaries of Meeting. 
Wra. B. Atkinson, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Richard J. Dunglison, M.D., «< 
R. A. Cleemann, M.D., « 
W. W. Keen, M.D., « 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D., « 
Caspar Wister, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Treasurer. OFFICERS OF SECTIONS. 
MEDICINE. 
Chairman.—Alfred Stilld, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Vice-Chairmen.—R. P. Howard, M.D.y Canada. 
J. J. Woodward, M.D., TJ. S. A. 
Secretary.—J. Ewing Mears, M.D., Philadelphia. 
BIOLOGY. 
Chairman.—John C. Dalton, M.D., New York. 
Vice-Chairmen.—Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., New York. 
F. W. Campbell, M.D., Canada. 
Secretary.—James Tyson, M.D., Philadelphia. 
SURGERY. 
Chairman.—Prof. Joseph Lister, Edinburgh. 
Vice-Chairmen—J. A. Grant, M.D., Canada. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia. 
Secretary.—John H. Packard, M.D., Philadelphia. 
DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOGRAPHY. 
Chairman.—James C. White, M.D., Boston. 
Vice-Chairmen.—S. Engelsted, M.D., Copenhagen. 
Edward Shippen, M.D., U. S. N. 
Secretary.—A. Yan Harlingen, M.D., Philadelphia. 
OBSTETRICS. 
Chairman.—Robert Barnes, M.D., London. 
Vice-Chairmen.—Prof. Alex. R. Simpson, Edinburgh. 
W. H. Byford, M.D., Illinois. 
Secretary.—Wm. Goodell, M.D., Philadelphia. 
OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
Chairman.—R. Burdenell Carter, F.R.C.S., London. 
Vice-Chairmen.—Wm. Thomson, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Henry W. Williams, M.D., Boston. 
Secretary.—John Green, M.D., St. Louis. 
OTOLOGY. 
Chairman.—Clarence J. Blake, M.H., Boston. 
Vice-Chairman.—A. H. Buck, M.D., New York. 
Secretary.—H. N. Spencer, M.D., St. Louis. 14 
SANITARY SCIENCE. 
Chairman.—Stephen Smith, M.D., New York. 
Vice-Chairman—J. S. Billings, M.D., U. S. A. 
Secretary.—E. M. Hunt, M.D., New Jersey. 
MENTAL DISEASES. 
Chairman.—John P. Gray, M.D., New York. 
Vice-Chairmen.—E. Grissom, M.D., North Carolina. 
I. Ray, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Secretary.—Walter Kempster, M.D., Wisconsin. 
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia, 
R. J. Dunglison, M.D., 
Wm. Goodell, M.D., 
James H. Hutchinson, M.D., 
Caspar Wister, M.D., AMERICAN CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
The Medical Societies of Philadelphia, animated by a just spirit of patriotism, and an earnest desire 
to unite with their fellow-citizens in celebrating the Centennial Birthday of American Independence, have 
taken the initiatory steps for the formation of an International Medical Congress, by the appoint- 
ment of delegates from their respective bodies, who were empowered to organize and perfect a scheme 
for the above purpose. In accordance with the authority thus given, the delegation has organized itself 
into .b^ovc-)! 
THE CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION OF PHILADELPHIA, 
WITH THE FOLLOWING OFFICERS: 
President, Samuel D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L. Oxon. 
W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., U. S. N., 
Alfred Still£, M.D. 
Vice-Presidents, . 
Recording Secretary, William B. Atkinson, M.D. 
American Corresponding Secretaries, 
Daniel G. Brinton, M.D., 
.William Goodell, M.D. 
Richard J. Dunglison, M.D., 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D. 
Foreign Corresponding Secretaries, 
Treasurer, Caspar Wister, M.D. 
Arrangements have been made for the holding of the Congress in the city of Philadelphia, to 
begin on the 4th and to terminate on the 9th of September, 1876. The Commission propose the fol- 
lowing general plan for the organization and business of the Congress:— 
I. The Congress shall consist of delegates, American and foreign, the former representing the 
American Medical Association and the State and Territorial Medical Societies of the Union. 
II. The officers shall consist of a President, ten Vice-Presidents, four Secretaries, a Treasurer, and 
a Committee of Publication, to be elected by the Congress at its first session, on the report of a Com- 
mittee of Nomination. III. The morning sessions of the Congress shall be devoted to general business and the reading of 
discourses; the afternoons to the meetings of the Sections, of which there shall be eight, viz. :— 
1. Medicine, including Pathology, Pathological Anatomy and Therapeutics. 
2. Biology, including Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Microscopy. 
qqh (i r\T/r\(A I A Cl 3,1/ I A 1/Alrr A T/ Q '3rrT/l 
3. Surgery, including Dermatology and Syphilology. 
4. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. 
5. Chemistry, Toxicology and Medical Jurisprudence. 
6. Sanitary Science, including Hygiene and Medical Statistics. 
7. Ophthalmology and Otology. 
8. Mental Diseases. 
IV. No vote shall be taken during the sittings of the Congress upon any topic discussed or address 
delivered. 
In order to impart to the Congress a thoroughly international character, invitations to send dele- 
gates will be extended to all the prominent medical societies in Europe, Mexico, the British Dominions, 
Central and South America, the Sandwich Islands, the East and West Indies, Australia, China, and 
Japan. Invitations will also be tendered to medical gentlemen of high scientific position; and distin- 
guished visitors may be admitted to membership by a vote of the Congress. 
Among the advantages arising frotn such a convocation as this, not the least important will be the 
opportunity afforded to its members for the-interchange :of friendly greetings, the forrnation of new 
acquaintances, and the renewal and cementing of old friendships. 
The Centennial Medical Commission tender in advance to their brethren in all parts of the world 
a cordial welcome, and a generous hospitality during their sojourn in the “Centennial City.” 
The Congress will be formally opened at noon, on Monday, the fourth day of September, 1876. 
The registration book will, be open daily from Thursday, Aug. 31, from 12 to 3 P. M., in the Hall 
of the College of Physicians, N. E. corner and Locust Streets. Credentials must in every case be 
presented. 
All communications must be addressed to the appropriate Secretaries. 
William B. Atkinson, 1400 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Recording Secretary. 
Daniel G. Brinton, 2027 Arch Street, 
William Goodell, 20th and Hamilton Sts., 
A merican Corresponding Secretaries. 
Richard J. Dunglison, 814 N. 16th Street, 
R. M. Bertolet, 113 S. Broad Street, 
Foreign Corresponding Secretaries. 
In •lai.'.nr. , Lr-rG joo r- 
Philadelphia, October, 1875. Centennial iHeiriral Commission of p)ilaiielpl)ia. 
Philadelphia, 
187 [Preliminary Programme.] 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
SEPTEMBER 4th-9th. 
The International Medical Congress will be formally opened at noon, on 
Monday, the 4th day of September, 1876, in the University of Pennsylvania. 
The following addresses will be delivered before the Congress in general meeting 
Address on Medicine, by Austin Flint, M.D., 
Professor of Practice of Medicine in Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York. 
Address on Hygiene and Preventive Medi- 
cine, by Henry I. Bowditch, M.D., President 
of State Board of Health of Massachusetts. 
Address on Surgery, by Paul F. Eve, M.D., 
Professor of Operative and Clinical Surgery in 
the University of Nashville. 
Address on Obstetrics, by Theophilus Parvin, 
M.D., Professor of Obstetrics in the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of Indiana. 
Address on Medical Chemistry and Toxico- 
logy, by Theodore G. Wormley, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry in Starling Medical College, 
Columbus, Ohio. 
Address on Medical Biography, by J. M. Toner, 
M.D., of Washington, D. C. 
Address, by Dr. Hermann Lebert, Professor of 
Clinical Medicine in the University of Breslau. 
Address on Medical Education and Medical 
Institutions, by Nathan S. Davis, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Principles and Practice of Medicine 
in Chicago Medical College. 
% 
Address on Medical Literature, by Lunsford 
P. Yandell, M.D., late Professor of Physiology 
in the University of Louisville. 
Address on Mental Hygiene, by John P. Gray, 
M.D., Superintendent and Physician to the New 
York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 
Address on Medical Jurisprudence, by Stan- 
ford E. Chaille, M.D., Professor of Physiology 
and Pathological Anatomy in the University of 
Louisiana. 
Discussions on scientific subjects will be opened in the Sections as follows:— 
Section I. MEDICINE. 
ist Question. Typho-malarial Fever; is it a Special 
Type of Fever? Reporter, J. J. Woodward, 
M.D., Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army. 
2d Question. Are Diphtheritic and Pseudo-mem- 
branous Croup Identical or Distinct Affections? 
Reporter, J. Lewis Smith, M.D., Physician to 
the New York Infants’ Hospital. 
Question. Do the Conditions of Modern Life 
favor specially the Development of Nervous 
Diseases? Reporter, Roberts Bartholow, M.D., 
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medi- 
cine in the Medical College of Ohio. 
4th Question. The Influence of High Altitudes 
on the Progress of Phthisis. Reporter, Charles 
Denison, M.D., of Denver, Colorado. Section II. BIOLOGY. 
ist Question. Microscopy of the Blood. Re- 
porter, Christopher Johnston, M.D., Profes- 
sor of Surgery in the University of Maryland. 
2d Question. The Excretory Function of the 
Liver. Reporter, Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., 
Professor of Physiology in the Bellevue Hos- 
pital Medical College, New York. 
yi Question. Pathological Histology of Cancer. 
Reporter, J. W. S. Arnold, M.D., Professor 
of Physiology in the University of the City 
of New York. 
4th Question. The Mechanism of Joints. Re- 
porter, Harrison Allen, M.D., Professor of 
Comparative Anatomy in the University of 
Pennsylvania. 
Section III. SURGERY. 
ist Question. Antiseptic Surgery. Reporter, 
John T. Hodgen, M.D., Professor of Surgical 
Anatomy and of Clinical Surgery in the St. 
Louis Medical College. 
2d Question. Medical and Surgical Treatment of 
Aneurism. Reporter, William H. Van Buren, 
M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice 
of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in the Bel- 
levue Hospital Medical College, New Y’ork. 
Question. Treatment of Coxalgia. Reporter, 
Lewis A. Sayre, M.D., Professor of Ortho- 
paedic Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in the 
Bellevue Plospital Medical College, New 
York. 
4th Question. The Causes and the Geographical 
Distribution of Calculous Diseases. Reporter, 
Claudius H. Mastin, M.D., of Mobile, Ala- 
bama. 
ist Question. Variations in Type and in Preva- 
lence of Diseases of the Skin in Different Coun- 
tries of Equal Civilization. Reporter, James 
C. White, M.D., Professor of Dermatology in 
Flarvard University. 
2d Question. Are Eczema and Psoriasis Local 
Diseases, or are they Manifestations of Con- 
stitutional Disorders? Reporter, Lucius Dun- 
can Bulkley, M.D., of New York. 
2,d Question. The Virus of Venereal Sores; its 
Unity or Duality. Reporter, Freeman J. 
Section IV. DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOLOGY. 
Bumstead, M.D., late Professor of Venereal 
Diseases at College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, New York. 
4th Question. The Treatment of Syphilis with 
Special Reference to the Constitutional Reme- 
dies appropriate to its various Stages; the 
Duration of their Use, and the Question of 
their Continuous or Intermittent Employment. 
Reporter, E. L. Keyes, M.D., Adjunct Pro- 
fessor of Surgery and Professor of Dermat- 
ology in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
New York. 
Section V. OBSTETRICS. 
ist Question. The Causes and the Treatment of 
Non-puerperal Hemorrhages of the Womb. 
Reporter, William H. Byford, M.D., Profes- 
sor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and 
Children in the Chicago Medical College. 
2d Question. The Mechanism of Natural and of 
Artificial Labor in Narrow Pelves. Reporter, 
William Goodell, M.D., Clinical Professor 
of Diseases of Women and of Children in the 
University of Pennsylvania. 
2,d Question. The Treatment of Fibroid Tumors 
of the Uterus. Reporter, Washington L. 
Atlee, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
4th Question. The Nature, Causes, and Preven- 
tion of Puerperal Fever. Reporter, William 
T. Lusk, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and 
Diseases of Women and Children in Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York. 1 st Question. The Comparative Value of Caus- 
tics and of Astringents in the Treatment of Dis- 
eases of the Conjunctiva, and the Best Mode 
of Applying them. Reporter, Henry W. Wil- 
liams, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in 
Harvard University. 
2d Question. Tumors of the Optic Nerve. Re- 
porter, Hermann Knapp, M.D., of New 
York. 
Section VI. OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
3d Question. Orbital Aneurismal Disease and 
Pulsating Exophthalmia; their Diagnosis and 
Treatment. Reporter, E. Williams, M.D., 
Professor of Ophthalmology in Miami Medical 
College of Cincinnati. 
4th Question. Are Progressive Myopia and Pos- 
terior Staphyloma due to Hereditary Predis- 
position, or can they be induced by Defects 
of Refraction, acting through the Influence of 
the Ciliary Muscle? Reporter, E. G. Loring, 
M.D., of New York. 
Section VII. OTOLOGY. 
1st Question. Importance of Treatment of Aural 
Diseases in their early Stages, especially when 
arising from the Exanthemata. Reporter, 
Albert H. Buck, M.D., of New York. 
2d Question. What is the Best Mode of Uni- 
form Measurement of Hearing? Reporter, 
Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Instructor in Otol- 
ogy in Harvard University. 
3d Question. In what Percentage of Cases do 
Artificial Drum-membranes prove of Practical 
Advantage ? Reporter, H. N. Spencer, M. D., 
of St. Louis. 
Section VIII. SANITARY SCIENCE. 
1st Question. Disposal and Utilization of Sew- 
age and Refuse. Reporter, John H. Rauch, ; 
M.D., late Sanitary Superintendent of Chi- 
cago, 111. 
2d Question. Hospital Construction and Venti- 
lation. Reporter, Stephen Smith, M.D., 
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery in the Uni- 
versity of the City of New York. 
3d Question. The General Subject of Quaran- 
tine with Particular Reference to Cholera and 
Yellow Fever. Reporter, J. M. Woodworth, 
M.D., Supervising Surgeon-General U. S. 
Marine Hospital Service. 
4th Question. The Present Condition of the 
Evidence concerning “ Disease-germs.” Re- 
porter, Thomas E. Satterthwaite, M.D., of 
New York. 
Section IX. MENTAL DISEASES. 
1 st Question. The Microscopical Study of the 
Brain. Reporter, Walter H. Kempster, M.D., 
Physician and Superintendent of Northern 
Hospital for Insane, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 
2d Question. Responsibility of the Insane for 
Criminal Acts. Reporter, Isaac Ray, M.D., 
of Philadelphia. 
3d Question. Simulation of Insanity by the In- 
sane. Reporter, C. H. Hughes, M.D., of St. 
Louis, Mo. 
4M Question. The Best Provision for the Chro- 
nic Insane. Reporter, C. H. Nichols, M.D., 
Physician and Superintendent of the Govern- 
ment Hospital for the Insane, Washington, 
D. C. 
Gentlemen intending to make communications upon scientific subjects, or to parti- 
cipate in any of the debates, will please notify the Commission before the first of Au- 
gust, in order that places may be assigned them on the programme. In order to facilitate debate there will be published on or about June 1st the outlines of the 
opening remarks by the several reporters. Copies may be obtained on application to the 
Corresponding Secretaries. 
The volume of Transactions will be published as soon as practicable after the adjournment of 
the Congress. 
The Public Dinner of the Congress will be given on Thursday, September 7th, at 6.30 P. M. 
The registration hook will be open daily from Thursday, Aug. 31, from 12 to 3 P. M., in the Hall 
of the College of Physicians, JV. E. corner \3tl1 and Locust Streets. Credentials must in every case be 
presented. 
The registration fee (which will not be required from foreign members) has been fixed at Ten 
Dollars, and will entitle the member to a copy of the Transactions of the Congress. 
Gentlemen attending the Congress can have their correspondence directed to the care of the College 
of Physicians of Philadelphia, N. E. cor. of Locust and Thirteenth Sts., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
There is every reason to believe that there will be ample hotel accommodation, at reasonable 
rates, for all strangers visiting Philadelphia in T876. Further information may be obtained by address- 
ing the Corresponding Secretaries. 
All communications must be addressed to the appropriate Secretaries at Philadelphia. 
The foregoing programme is published by the authority of the Committee of Arrangements of the 
Centennial Medical Commission. 
S. D. GROSS, M.D., 
President. 
William B. Atkinson, M.D., 1400 Pine Street, Recording Secretary. 
William Goodell, M.D., 20th and Hamilton Sts., 
Daniel G. Brinton, M.D., 115 S. 7th Street, 
American Corresponding Secretaries. 
Richard J. Dunglison, M.D., 814 N. 16th Street,' 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D., 113 S. Broad Street, 
Foreign Corresponding Secretai ies. 
Philadelphia, March, 1876. International iffltetrtcal Congress. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
All communications should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary. 
Philadelphia, 187 
To. - 
Sir : 
We have the honor to inform you that you have been elected a mem- 
ber of the Executive Committee of the Centennial Medical Commission. 
The accompanying circular sets forth the objects and work of the Commission 
as far as it has progressed. Any further information you may at any time 
desire we shall be happy to furnish you. 
We beg to entrust to you and the other members from your State, the in- 
terests of the Congress in 
The Secretary of your State Medical Society will be notified that the 
proposed plan of organization entitles the Society to send to the International 
Medical Congress the same number of delegates as your State has Represen- 
tatives in Congress. 
In accepting membership in the Executive Committee, you assume no 
personal or pecuniary liability in connection with the work. 
The favor of an early answer is requested. 
We have the honor to be 
Your obedient servants, 
President. 
Corresponding Secretary. CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION. 
1876. 
Philadelphia, 
My Dear Sir : 
The time allotted to you for the reading of your paper before the 
Section on in the International Medical 
Congress, is limited to thirty minutes. 
In order to facilitate discussion, you are urgently requested to forward to 
the Committee of Arrangements, before May 20th, the heads of your essay 
\ 
or of your opening remarks. 
You are also requested to sum up, at the close of your paper, the views 
♦ 
embodied in it, by such conclusions or propositions as can be voted upon 
separately in the Section, and afterwards reported to the Congress. 
Very respectfully, yours, Registration Fee (limited to members from the United States) 
Ten Dollars, and entitles the member to a copy of the 
Transactions of the Congress. 
[Form for Registration.] 
International Medical Congress, 
1876. 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4-9. 
■ - 
: 
Q^-/fjda'm 
'f/-e4iD£ 'Mt a, 
International Medical Congress. 
PUBLIC DINNER, 
FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8. 
To the Secretary of the Committee on Entertainment: 
I hereby subscribe to the (Public (Dinner of the Congress. 
Subscription $io. 
Delegate from September 1876. 
To the Chairman of the Committee on Publication: 
Please forward to my address one copy of the 
Transactions of the International Medical Con- 
gress of 1876. 
Name, 
Address, 
International Medical Congress, 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
NOTE.—As only a limited edition will be printed, gentlemen 
wishing to obtain the Volume should till out ami return this blank, 
with the sum of Six Dollars, without delay, to the care of the College 
of Physicians, N. E. cor. Thirteenth and Locust Sts., Philadelphia. 
International Medical Congress. 
j S’ y 6. 
gtereived a/ 
SIX DOLLARS, 4, ffittwdfze/'Ui'nd ajf -/Jie 
Chairman of the Committee on Publication. CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION. 
Philadelphia, 
1876. 
My Dear Sir : 
The time allotted to you for the reading of your paper before the 
Section on in the International Medical 
Congress, is limited to thirty minutes. 
In order to facilitate discussion, you are urgently requested to forward to 
the Committee of Arrangements, before May 20th, the heads of your essay 
or of your opening remarks. 
You are also requested to sum up, at the close of your paper, the views 
embodied in it, by such conclusions or propositions as can be voted upon 
separately in the Section, and afterwards reported to the Congress. 
Very respectfully, yours, Kntemitimuil JUcdintl Conijttso, 
1876. 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4—9. 
THE INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS 
WILL BE FORMALLY OPENED 
At noon, on Monday, the 4th day of September, 
IN THE 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
Locust and Thirty-fourth Streets. 
PROGRAMME OF PUBLIC BUSINESS. 
Monday, September 4th. 
Noon. GENERAL MEETING. 
Prayer, by the Rt. Rev. Wm. Bacon Stevens, M.U., 
D.D., LL.D., Bishop of Pennsylvania. 
Address of Welcome, by S. D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., 
D.C.L. Oxon., President of the Centennial Medical 
Commission. 
General Business. 
1 P. M. Address on Medicine, by Austin Flint, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Practice of Medicine in Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College, New York. 
2 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
3 P. M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
Typho-malarial Fever; is it a Special Type of Fever? 
Reporter, J. J. Woodward, M.D., Surgeon U. S. 
Army. 
Section II. Biology. 
Microscopy of the Blood. Reporter, Christopher 
Johnston, M.D., Professor of Surgery in the Uni- 
versity of Maryland. 
Section III. Surgery. 
Antiseptic Surgery. Reporter, John T. Hodgen, M.D., 
Professor of Surgical Anatomy and of Clinical Sur- 
gery in the St. Louis Medical College. 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
Variations in Type and in Prevalence of Diseases of the 
Skin in Different Countries of Equal Civilization. 
Reporter, James C. White, M.D., Professor of Der- 
matology in Harvard University. 2 
MONDAY TUESDAY. 
3 P. M. Section V. Obstetrics. 
The Causes and the Treatment of Non-puerpera'l Hem- 
orrhages of the Womb. Reporter, William H. 
Byford, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases 
of Women in the Chicago Medical College. 
Section VI. Ophthalmology. 
The Comparative Value of Caustics and Astringents 
in the Treatment of Diseases of the Conjunctiva, and 
the Best Mode of Applying them. Reporter, Henry 
W. Williams, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in 
Harvard University. 
Section VII. Otology. 
Importance of Treatment of Aural Diseases in their early 
Stages, especially when arising from the Exanthemata. 
Reporter, Albert H. Buck, M.D., of New York. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
The Present Condition of the Evidence concerning 
“Disease-germs.” Reporter, Thomas E. Satter- 
thwaite, M.D., of New York. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
The Microscopical Study of the Brain. Reporter, 
Walter H. Kempster, M.D., Physician and Super- 
intendent of Northern Hospital for Insane, Oshkosh, 
Wisconsin. 
8 P. M. Public Reception, by the Medical Profession of Phila- 
delphia, in the Judges’ Hall, Exhibition Grounds, 
Fairmount Park. Entrance at corner of Elm and Bel- 
mont Avenues, by Carriage Gate, or Turnstile No. 55, 
adjoining. 
Tuesday, September 5th. 
10 A. M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
xi A. M. Address on Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, by 
Henry I. Bowditch, M.D., President of State Board 
of Health of Massachusetts. 
12 M. Address on Medical Chemistry and Toxicology, by 
Theodore G. Wormley, M.D., Professor of Chem- 
istry in Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. 
1 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
2 P.M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
Are Diphtheritic and Pseudo-membranous Croup Iden- 
tical or Distinct Affections? Reporter, J. Lewis Smith, 
M.D., Physician to the New York Infants’ Hospital. 
Medical Teaching. By Prof. A. P. Reid, of Halifax 
Medical College, Nova Scotia. 
Section II. Biology. 
The Excretory Function of the Liver. Reporter, 
Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., Professor of Physiology in 
the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. TUESDAY—WEDNESDAY. 
3 
2 P. M. Section III. Surgery. 
Medical and Surgical Treatment of Aneurism. Re- 
porter, William H. Van Buren, M.D., Professor of 
the Principles of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in 
the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
On Ambulances and Litters. By Dr. Bedoin, Medecin 
Major 8 Regt. de Chasseurs a Cheval, France. (Trans- 
lated by Wm. Ashbridge, M.D., of Philadelphia.) 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
Are Eczema and Psoriasis Local Diseases, or are they 
Manifestations of Constitutional Disorders? Reporter, 
Lucius Duncan Bulkley, M.D., of New York. 
Leprosy. By F. H. Enders, M.D., Government Phy- 
sician to Sandwich Islands. 
Section V. Obstetrics. 
The Mechanism of Natural and of Artificial Labor in 
Narrow Pelves. Reporter, William Goodell, A.M., 
M.D., Clinical Professor of Diseases of Women and 
of Children in the University of Pennsylvania. 
On the Management of Convulsions in Children, de- 
pending upon a High Temperature of the Body. By 
T. K. Holmes, M.D., of Chatham, Ontario, Canada. 
Section VI. Ophthalmology. 
Tumors of the Optic Nerve. Reporter, Hermann 
Knapp, M.D., of New York. 
Section VII. Otology. 
What is the Best Mode of Uniform Measurement of 
Hearing? Reporter, Charles H. Burnett, M.D , 
Aural Surgeon to Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
Hospital Construction and Ventilation. Reporter, 
Stephen Smith, M.D., Professor of Orthopaedic 
Surgery in the University of the City of New York. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
Responsibility of the Insane for Criminal Acts. Re- 
porter, Isaac Ray, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
Wednesday, September 6th. 
ioA.M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
xi A.M. Address on Surgery, by Paul F. Eve, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Operative and Clinical Surgery in the Uni- 
versity of Nashville. 
12 M. Address on Medical Biography, by J. M. Toner, M.D., 
of Washington, D. C. 
1 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
2 P. M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
Do the Conditions of Modern Life favor specially the 
Development of Nervous Diseases? Reporter, 
Roberts Bartholow, M.D., Professor of Theory and 
Practice of Medicine in Medical College of Ohio. WEDNESDAY. 
2 P. M. The Treatment of Phthisis Pulmonalis. By Dr. E. G. 
Eliascopulus, of Gaiaxidi, Greece. (Translated by 
John Guittiras, M.D., of Philadelphia.) 
Etiology of Epilepsy. By W. B. Neftel, M.D., of 
New York. 
Section II. Biology. 
Pathological Histology of Cancer. Reporter, J. W. 
S. Arnold, M.D., Professor of Physiology in the 
University of the City of New York. 
Section III. Surgery. 
Treatment of Coxalgia. Reporter, Lewis A. Sayre, 
M. Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and of 
Clinical Surgery in Bellevue Plospital Medical Col- 
lege, New York. 
Report of a Case of Sub-periosteal Excision and Dis- 
articulation of the entire Inferior Maxillary Bone, 
for Phosphorus Necrosis. By J. W. S. Gouley, M.D., 
of New York. 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
The Virus of Venereal Sores; its Unity or Duality. 
Reporter, Freeman J. Bumstead, M.D., late Pro- 
fessor of Venereal Diseases at College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, New York. 
The Virus of Venereal Sores; its Unity or Duality, 
By Charles R. Drysdale, M.D., Senior Physician to 
the Metropolitan Free Hospital, London, 
Section V. Obstetrics. 
The Treatment of Fibroid Tumors of the Uterus. Re- 
porter, Washington L. Atlee, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
The Three most Important Obstetrical Instruments. 
By Prof. Lazarewich, University of Kharkoff, Russia. 
On Electrolysis, especially for the Cure of Ovarian 
Cysts. By Frederic Semeleder, M.D., late Lecturer 
at the University of Vienna. 
Section VI. Ophthalmology. 
Orbital Aneurismal Disease and Pulsating Exophthal- 
mia; their Diagnosis and Treatment. Reporter, E. 
Williams, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in 
Miami Medical College of Cincinnati. 
Section VII. Otology. 
In what Percentage of Cases do Artificial Drum-mem- 
branes prove of Practical Advantage? Reporter, H. 
N. Spencer, M.D., of St. Louis. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
The General Subject of Quarantine with Particular 
Reference to Cholera and Yellow Fever. Reporter, 
J. M. Woodworth, M.D., Supervising Surgeon- 
General U. S. Marine Hospital Service. 
Disinfection in Yellow Fever. By C. B. White, M.D., 
of New Orleans. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
Simulation of Insanity by the Insane. Reporter, C. H. 
Hughes, M.D., of St. Louis, Mo. 7.30 P.M. Address: The Medical Staff of the United States 
Army, and its Scientific Work, by J. J. Wood- 
ward, M.D., Surgeon U. S. Army. To be deliverer! 
in the Lecture Hall of the Jefferson Medical Col- 
lege, Tenth Street, between Chestnut and Walnut. 
Thursday, September 7th. 
10 A.M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
xi A.M. Address on Obstetrics, byTHEOPHiLUs Parvin, M.D., 
Professor of Obstetrics in the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of Indiana. 
12 M. Address on Medical Jurisprudence, by Stanford E. 
Chaille, M.D., Professor of Physiology and Patholo- 
gical Anatomy in the University of Louisiana. 
1 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
2 P.M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
The Influence of High Altitudes on the Progress of 
Phthisis. Reporter, Charles Denison, M.D., of 
Denver, Colorado. 
The Open Air Treatment of Consumption. By Henry 
MacCormac, M.D., of Belfast, Ireland. 
Section II. Biology. 
The Mechanism of Joints. Reporter, Harrison Allen, 
M.D., Professor of Zoology and Comparative 
Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
Section III. Surgery. 
The Causes and Geographical Distribution of Calculous 
Diseases. Reporter, Claudius H. Mastin, M.D., of 
Mobile, Alabama. 
Electrolytic Treatment of Malignant Tumors. By W. 
B. Neftel, M.D., of New York. 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
The Treatment of Syphilis with Special Reference to 
the Constitutional Remedies appropriate to its various 
Stages; the Duration of their Use, and the Question 
of their Continuous or Intermittent Employment. 
Reporter, E. L. Keyes, M.D., Adjunct Professor of 
Surgery and Professor of Dermatology in Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York. 
The Treatment of Syphilis with Special Reference to 
the Constitutional Remedies appropriate to its various 
Stages. By Charles R. Drysdale, M.D., Senior Phy- 
sician to the Metropolitan Free Hospital, London. 
Section V. Obstetrics. 
The Nature, Causes, and Prevention of Puerperal Fever. 
Reporter, William T. Lusk, M.D., Professor of 
Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
Paracentesis, Aspiration, and Transfusion. By Simon 
Fitch, M.D., of New York. 
WEDNESDAY—THURSDAY. 
5 6 
THURSDAY FRIDAY. 
2 P. M. Section YI. Ophthalmology. 
Are Progressive Myopia and Posterior Staphyloma due 
to Hereditary Predisposition, or can they be induced 
by Defects of Refraction, acting through the Influence 
of the Ciliary Muscle? Reporter, E. C. Loring, 
M.D., of New York. 
Relations between Refractive Lesions and Corneal 
Ulcers. By George C. Stevens, M.D., of Albany, 
New York. 
Section VII. Otology. 
What is the Best Mode of Determining the Hearing of 
School-Children, and how should partially Deaf 
Children be Instructed—in mixed classes with those 
who hear well, or in separate classes where due allow- 
ance will be made for their defective hearing ? Re- 
porter, Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Instructor in 
Otology in Harvard University. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
Disposal and Utilization of Sewage and Refuse. Re- 
porter, John H. Rauch, M.D., late Sanitary Super- 
intendent of Chicago, 111. 
Universal Pharmacopoeia. By E. R. Squibb, M.D., 
of Brooklyn, New York. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
The Best Provision for the Chronic Insane. Reporter, 
C. H. Nichols, M.D., Physician and Superintendent 
of Government Hospital for Insane, Washington, D.C. 
Friday, September 8th. 
10 A. M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from Sections. 
11 A.M. Address on Mental Hygiene, by John P. Gray, M.D., 
Superintendent and Physician to the New York State 
Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 
12 M. Address on Medical Literature, by Lunsford P. 
Yandell, M.D., late Professor of Physiology in the 
University of Louisville. 
1 P. M. PUBLIC LUNCHEON. 
2 P.M. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. 
Section I. Medicine. 
The Treatment of Simple Ulcer of the Stomach. By 
Dr. H. Lebert, formerly Professor of Clinical Medi- 
cine at Zurich and at Breslau. (Translated by Charles 
W. Dulles, M.D., of Philadelphia.) 
Progressive Pernicious Anaemia. By R. P. Howard, 
M.D., of Montreal. 
Alcohol in its Therapeutic Relations as a Food and a 
Medicine. By Ezra M. Hunt, M.D., of Metuchen, 
New Jersey. 
Section II. Biology. 2 P. M. Section III. Surgery. 
Subcutaneous Division of the Neck of the Thigh Bone. 
By Mr. William Adams, President of the Medical 
Society of London. 
Penetrating Wounds of the Abdomen; with the Sug- 
gestions of a change of Practice in such Cases. By 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Professor of Surgery in Medical 
College of Georgia. 
On the Propriety of Opening the Sac in Strangulated 
Hernia. By Frederic Hyde, M.D., of Cortland 
Village’ New York. 
Section IV. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
Measures to prevent the Propagation of Venereal Dis- 
eases in Denmark. By S. Engelsted, Physician-in- 
Chief of the Copenhagen Hospital. 
Prevention of Syphilis. By Charles R. Drysdale, M. D., 
Senior Physician to Metropolitan Free Hospital, 
London. 
Section V. Obstetrics. 
Uterine Hemorrhage. By Prof. E. H. Trenholmne, 
Professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and 
Children, Bishop’s College, Montreal. 
Chronic Inversion of the Uterus. By James P. White, 
M. of Buffalo, New York. 
Retroversion of the Gravid Uterus. By T. F. Roches- 
ter, M.D., President of New York State Medical 
Society. 
Section VI. Ophthalmology. 
Report of One Hundred Cases of Senile Cataract. By 
Dudley S. Reynolds, M.D., of Louisville, Kentucky. 
Section VII. Otology. 
Aural Vertigo with Variable Hearing. By Charles H. 
Burnett, M.D., Aural Surgeon to the Presbyterian 
Hospital, Philadelphia. 
Section VIII. Sanitary Science. 
Metrical System of Weights and Measures. By E. R. 
Squibb, M.D., of Brooklyn, New York. 
Medical Missions. By J. G. Kerr, M.D., of China. 
Section IX. Mental Diseases. 
Treatment of Inebriates in Asylums. By George Burr, 
M.D., of Binghamton, New York. 
7 P. M. PUBLIC DINNER. 
At St. George’s Hall, S. W. cor. Arch and Thirteenth Sts. 
FR1D A Y— SATURDAY. 
7 
Saturday, September 9th. 
10 A,M. GENERAL MEETING. 
Reports from sections. 
11 a.m. Address on Medical Education and Medical Insti- 
tutions, by Nathan S. Davis, M.D., Professor of 
Principles and Practice of Medicine in Chicago 
Medical College. International Medical Congress- 
DIRECTORY. 
GENERAL SESSIONS, Chapel, 2d Story', Centre. 
Section I. Medicine . . . . .2d Story, West. 
“ II. Biology . . . . s 1st Story, West. 
“ III. Surgery . . . . .2d Story, Centre. 
“ IV. Dermatology and Syphilology . 2d Story, West. 
“ V. Obstetrics . . . .2d Story, West. 
“ VI. Ophthalmology . . .2d Story, East. 
“ VII. Otology . . . . .2d Story, East. 
“ VIII. Sanitary Science, . . . 1st Story, West. 
“ IX. Mental Diseases . . . 1st Story, West. 
Committee on Registration, West side of Entrance Hall. 
Post Office and Hall Committee, East side of Entrance Hall. 
Writing and Conversation Room, 1st Story, West. 
Committee on Entertainment, 2d Story, Centre. 
Lunch Room, Basement. 
REGISTRATION. 
Thursday, Aug. 31, Friday, Sept. 1, and Saturday, Sept. 2, at COLLEGE 
OF PHYSICIANS, Locust and Thirteenth Streets, from 12 M. to 3 P. M. 
Monday, Sept. 4, at UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, from 9 to 12. 
And daily thereafter from 9 to xo. 
Letters for Members of the Congress, directed to the care of the College of 
Physicians of Philadelphia, during the Sessions of the Congress, will be delivered 
at the University of Pennsylvania. fiitternattonal Metrical Congress. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
All communications should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary. 
Philadelphia, 
187 
To. 
Sir : 
We have the honor to inform you that you have been elected a mem- 
ber of the Executive Committee of the Centennial Medical Commission. 
The accompanying circular sets forth the objects and work of the Commission 
as far as it has progressed. Any further information you may at any time 
desire we shall be happy to furnish you. 
We beg to entrust to you and the other members from your State, the in- 
terests of the Congress in 
The Secretary of your State Medical Society will be notified that the 
proposed plan of organization entitles the Society to send to the International 
Medical Congress the same number of delegates as your State has Represen- 
tatives in Congress. 
In accepting membership in the Executive Committee, you assume no 
personal or pecuniary liability in connection with the work. 
The favor of an early answer is requested. 
We have the honor to be 
Your obedient servants, 
President. 
Corresponding Secretary. fintentattonal iltelrtcal ©ongress. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
All communications should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary. 
Philadelphia, 
.87 
To. 
Sir : 
We have the honor to inform you that you have been elected a mem- 
ber of the Executive Committee of the Centennial Medical Commission. 
The accompanying circular sets forth the objects and work of the Commission 
as far as it has progressed. Any further information you may at any time 
desire we shall be happy to furnish you. 
We beg to entrust to you and the other members from your State, the in- 
terests of the Congress in 
The Secretary of your State Medical Society will be notified that the 
proposed plan of organization entitles the Society to send to the International 
Medical Congress the same number of delegates as your State has Represen- 
tatives in Congress. 
In accepting membership in the Executive Committee, you assume no 
personal or pecuniary liability in connection with the work. 
The favor of an early answer is requested. 
We have the honor to be 
Your obedient servants, * 
President. 
Corresponding Secretary, finternattonal jfttctucal Congress. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
All communications should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary. 
Philadelphia, 187 
To. - 
Sir : 
We have the honor to inform you that you have been elected a mem- 
ber of the Executive Committee of the Centennial Medical Commission. 
The accompanying circular sets forth the objects and work of the Commission 
as far as it has progressed. Any further information you may at any time 
desire we shall be happy to furnish you. 
We beg to entrust to you and the other members from your State, the in- 
terests of the Congress in 
The Secretary of your State Medical Society will be notified that the 
proposed plan of organization entitles the Society to send to the International 
Medical Congress the same number of delegates as your State has Represen- 
tatives in Congress. 
In accepting membership in the Executive Committee, you assume no 
personal or pecuniary liability in connection with the work. 
The favor of an early answer is requested. 
We have the honor to be 
Your obedient servants, 
President. 
Corresponding Secretary.  * nu 
AMERICAN CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
TOn««vin«iiiy YOOJODLXOT 
i )f r 'J "T tr O VWA'T ft P 
The Medical Societies of Philadelphia, animated by a just spirit of patriotism, and an earnest desire 
to unite with their fellow-citizens in celebrating the Centennial Birthday of American Independence, have 
taken the initiatory steps for the formation of an International Medical Congress, by the appoint- 
ment of delegates from their respective bodies, who were empowered to organize and perfect a scheme 
for the above purpose. In accordance with the authority thus given, the delegation has organized 
THE CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION, 
gnoitaJivni .mloBTiuto Ifinoitermini ylriniroiorlt b BjaronoD srfj ot iiearni ol ml 
WITH THE FOLLOWING OFFICERS: 
Jui fOOIXJI/i .OCIOItVi flf rr_ r c. ... . 
President Samuel D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L. Oxon. 
1*»} J111 ' >* I-»-' 1 :jf ‘ fi') i 0n Or'ii. ! r i’V P/f/ If; t r V 
W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., U. S. N., 
Alfred StillE, M.D. 
Vice-Presidents, 
Recording Secretary, William B. Atkinson, M.D. 
r Daniel G. Brinton, M.D., 
( William Goodell, M.D. 
American Corresponding Secretaries, 
Foreign Corresponding Secretaries, 
iX - r . . 
Richard J. Dunglison, M.D., 
P M .H „™. rx M n 
Treasurer, . . , . . h . . . . Caspar Wister, M.D. 
Arrangements have been made for the holding of the Congress in the city of Philadelphia, to 
® > liarfj jvfiri tLBD 3> fiilxio*jb. asisvir t r vi 
begin on the 4th and to terminate on the oth of September, 1876. The Commission propose the fol- 
• ■ . , »’® f. io—ioo .el .Hjfiirfqlsbdiil? lo gfusioigvdT lo 
lowing general plan for the organization and business of the Congress: — 
® ‘ ->!• Dio ! *JIqniL oa iliw orarfj J£rll svoilod 01 nogjsoi v- r ar srariT 
I. The Congress shall consist of delegates, American and foreign, the former representing the 
American Medical Association and the State and Territorial Medical Societies of the Union; the latter 
.esnsteTjoci 
the principal medical societies of v4 tom \\K 
II. The officers shall consist of a President, ten Vice-Presidents, four Secretaries, a Treasurer, and 
a Committee of Publication, to be elected by the Congress at its first session, on the report of a Com- 
. . 1 folium’ oim, ■ 1. ,o-:> a 
mittee of Nomination. . . 
X* j “wl Yi £16 tKOeiJOMUG dHAUOlSl III. The morning sessions of the Congress shall be devoted to general business and the reading of 
discourses; the afternoons to the meetings of the Sections, of which there shall be nine, viz.:— 
1. Medicine, including Pathology, Pathological Anatomy and Therapeutics. 
2. Biology- including Physiology' sjnd f, 
3. Surgery. 
4. Dermatology and Syphilology. 
83i,9iooa loitoM 3dT 
„i ,i,dl *iw Mino C1 
********** Mum a. lo noijsnnol arf, ,ol arf, 
M; -TV. 'The language of the Congress shall- be the English, hup npt tp &?» exclusion of any other 
language in which * members may be able to express, themselves nwry fl.upqtjy ;J (K(lt/q fl>. ,,jf> ,J(.t 
Gentlemen intending to make communications upon scientific subjects will please notify the Com- 
mission at the eafrlreQ in <3r<l@r'tlrkHp1ac£fe alsigkfcjill 0em! programme. 
In order to impart to the Congress a thoroughly international character, invitations to send dele- 
: 683DH'40 3HT—HTIW . . 
gates will be extended to all the prominent medical societies m Europe, Mexico, the British Dominions, 
Central and South Ameyicgj, the Sardwiph■ Jsl4nds.,:jtj\e, East and West Indies, Australia, China, and 
Japan. Invitations will also be tendered to medical gentlemen of high scientific position; and distin- 
. , , . . .tJ .W .8 W ' , _ 
guished visitors may be admitted to membership by a votelof the Congress. , , 
.. .CI.M aajtfijAJ ’ *.***• • aW'AalyvA-smM 
Among the advantages arising from such a convocation as this, not the least important will be the 
opportunity afforded its memtMrsKfbf the interchange of friendly greetings, tl\e formufion of new 
acquaintances, and the renewal arid cpplanting of qlfj friendships. 
The Centennial Medical Catpflaisgiqnio advapee to their brethren in ail'parts of the world 
a cordial welcome, and a g^ti|^ous(hospitality during their sojourn in the “Centennial City.” 
The Congress will be formally opened at noon, on Monday, the fourth day of September, 1876. 
The registration book will be open daily from Thursday, Aug. 31, from 12 to 3 P. M., in the Hall 
of the College of Physicians, N. El c'dbier fsth^ahff1 Eocust Streets. Credentials must in case be 
f>£irrPI lo ytb odt ni eaaaoKoD arfj lc gnibforf erb inf 9j-1JGW1 ,v.t- r . .. f 
Cjent^^cf^^ip^ffuf havy their correspondence directed to the 6m?1#Ptifl£'0dllege 
of Physicians of Philadelphia, cor^o|^L<^cus?apd 'l'hirteenth Sts., 11 liiWdb 1 jjfffiii,fnh fey 1 v: 1 nia. 
There is every reason to believe that there will be ample hotel accommodation for all strangers 
visiting‘Philadelphia in obtained by.'adftreteing the Gorreppoipding 
Secretaries'/'°!nJ 23d3SJ°8 UitothisT bar, 3JM8 orfj bo* nohftiaottA kaibsM lUahamA 
All communications must be addressed to the appropriate Secretaries$0 >< e h >ij»U ;i >r!,; , n 
bar ,TTUJM3I Pwilliam j*., S&m Mac^lbhM» dr. KTOofflo orlT II 
Daniel.G. IftfcyqjK,Ajrcli Street,, 
William Goo DELL, 20th and Hamilton Sts., ' 
American CarrespoudiPgvSefretarief. 
Richard J. Dunglison, 814 N. 16th Street, "1 
R. M. Bertolet, 113 S. Broad Street, j 
Foreign Corresponding Secretaries. 
Philadelphia, October, 1875. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
I876. 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4-9. 
Delegates Registered up to Wednesday (Sept. 6), 3 P. M. 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
0. D. Abbott, M.D., Manchester, N. II., Hotel Aubrey. 
William Adams, Esq., F.R.C.S., London, Eng., St. George Hotel. 
C. R. Agnew, M.D., New York City, 1502 Locust St. 
Harrison Allen, M.D., Philadelphia, • 111 S. 20tli St. 
J. W. Anawalt, M.D., Greensburg, Pa., St. Cloud Hotel. 
William Anderson, M.D., Indiana, Penna., 1221 Filbert St. 
Abram B. Arnold, M.I)., Baltimore, Md. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia, 2000 DeLancey Place. 
Wm. B. Atkinson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1400 Pine St. 
John L. Atlee, M.D., Lancaster, Pa., 210 S. 13th St. 
Washington L. Atlee, M.D., Philadelphia, 1408 Arch St. 
H. P. Ayres, M.D., Fort Wayne, Ind. 
Francis Bacon, M.D., New Haven, Conn., 506 S. Broad St. 
Henry T. Bahnson, M.D., Salem, N. C., 504 N. 4th St. 
William H. Bailey, M.D., Albany, N. Y., . 1134 Master St. 
Henry B. Baker, M.D., Lansing, Michigan, 340 N. 32d St.' 
A. S. Baldwin, M.D., Jacksonville, Florida, Hotel Aubrey. 
Fordyce Barker, M.D., N. Y. City 1100 Walnut St. 
John Barker, M.D., Dublin, Ireland, Atlas Hotel. 
Robert Barnes, M.D., F.R.C.P. London, Eng., 1129 Chestnut St. 
Roberts Bartholow, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, Continental Hotel. 
Edwin W. Bartlett, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis., Park Yiew Hotel. 
J. K. Bartlett, M.D., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Continental Hotel. 
J. M. Barton, M.D., Philadelphia, 201 S. 11th St. 
Fletcher Beach, M. B., London, Eng., St. George Hotel. 
F. W. Beard, M.D., Vincennes, Ind., 108 N. 41st St. 
C. E. Beardsley, M.D., Ottawa, Ohio, St. Cloud Hotel. 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D., Philadelphia, 113 S. Broad St. 2 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
John S. Billings, M.D., U. S. A., Washington, D. C., 
1706 Chestnut St. 
Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Boston, Mass., 127 S. 18th St. 
A. Blitz, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., 2821 Girard Av. 
F. Bogart, M.D., Sweetwater, Tenn., Atlas Hotel. 
Robert Bolling, M.D., Chestnut Hill, Penn. 
Henrjr I. Bowditch, M.D., Boston, Mass., 3900 Spruce St. 
Richard C. Brandeis, M.D., Louisville, Ivy., 1206 Chestnut St. 
Jno. L. Bray, M.D., Chatham, Ontario, Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
A. L. Breysacher, M.D., Little Rock, Ark., Continental Hotel. 
Geo. E. Brickett, M.D., Augusta, Maine, United States Hotel. 
Charles E. Briggs, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 1525 S. 6th St. 
John H. Brinton, M.D., Philadelphia, 1423 Spruce St. 
Wm. Brodie, M.D., Detroit, Mich., Continental Hotel. 
George W. Broome, M.D., Moberly, Mo., 2033 Walnut St. 
W. H. Brouse, M.D., Prescott, Ont., Canada, Hotel La Fayette. 
D. Tilden Brown, M.D., New York City, 3509 Baring St. 
James H. Brownfield, M.D., Fairmount, W. Ya., 2320 Fitzwater St. 
Geo. D. Bruce, M.D., Pittsburgh, Pa., 14 Merrick St. 
T. Lauder Brunton, M.D., F.R.S., London, Eng., 1706 Chestnut St. 
Peter Bryce, M.D., Tuscaloosa, Ala., Hotel Aubrey. 
Albert H. Buck, M.D., N. Y. City, Trans-Continental Hotel. 
Frederick J. Buck, M.D., Philadelphia, 770 S. 15th St. 
L. Duncan Bulkley, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
F. J. Bumstead, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
Francis Burdick, M.D., Johnstowm, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
C. H. Burnett, M.D., Philadelphia, 127 S. 18th St. 
Robert Burns, M.D., Philadelphia, 4323 Frankford Av. 
George Burr, M.D., Binghamton, N. Y. Hotel Aubrey. 
W. Burt, M.D., Paris, Ontario, Canada, Globe Hotel. 
Samuel C. Busey, M.D., Washington, D. C., Petry House. 
W. Webster Butterfield, M.D., Indianapolis, Ind., 604 N. 43d St. 
James D. Button, M.D., Auburn, N. Y., 1736 Park St. 
Wm. H. Byford, M.D., Chicago, 111. 
A. W. Calhoun, M.D., Atlanta, Ga., La Pierre House. 
Francis W. Campbell, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Colonnade Hotel. 
Henry Fraser Campbell, M.D., Augusta, Ga., 3821 Walnut St. 
J. A. Campbell, M.D., Grafton, W. Ya., 252 South 10th St. 
Wm. Canniff-, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Gould’s Hotel. 
John T. Carpenter, M.D., Pottsville, Penna., 3915 Woodland Av. 
Joseph Carson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1120 Spruce St. 3 
name. residence. 
Robert Brudenell Carter, Esq., F.R.C.S., London, Eng., 
Continental Hotel. 
Edward T. Caswell, M.D., Providence, R. I., 2017 Spring Garden St. 
B. H. Catlin, M.D., West Meriden, Conn., 3245 Sansom St. 
Stanford E. Chaille, M.D., New Orleans, La., Hotel Aubrey. 
Clarence B. Church, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, Hotel Aubrey. 
E. W. Clark, M.D., Grinnell, Iowa. 
Richard A. Cleemann, M.D., Philadelphia, 340 S. 21st St. 
Win. Cogswell, M.D., Bradford, Mass. 
J. Solis Cohen, M.D., Philadelphia, 1431 Walnut St. 
Abraham Coles, M.D., Newark, N. J. 
George Lewis Collins, M.D., Providence, R. I., 1521 Spruce St. 
Edward Cox, M.D., Battle Creek, Michigan, Irving House. 
Francis D. Cunningham, M.D., Richmond, Va., La Pierre House. 
Geo. Cupples, M.D., San Antonio, Texas., Hotel Aubrey. 
R. G. Curtin, M.D., Philadelphia, 322 S. 17tli St. 
John Curwen, M.D., Harrisburg, Pa. 
J. M. Da Costa, M.D., Philadelphia, 1700 Walnut St. 
J. C. Dalton, M.D., New York Cit}’, Continental Hotel. 
John Davis, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, Bryn Mawr, Penna. 
Nathan S. Davis, M.D., Chicago, 111., Continental Hotel. 
Richard Davy, Esq., F.R.C.S., London, England, St. George Hotel. 
Pierre Debaisieux, M.D., Louvain, Belgium, 4823 Haverford Av. 
Charles Denison, M.D., Denver, Colorado, 4103 Walnut St. 
John R. Dickson, M.D., Kingston, Ont., Canada, 3960 Girard Av. 
Henry D. Didama, M.D., Syracuse, N. Y., 3420 Sansom St. 
Stephen Dodge, M.D., Halifax, Nova Scotia, 608 S. 9th St. 
J. Lewis Dorset, M.D., Genito, Va., 1928 Race St. 
Greensville Dowell, M.D., Galveston, Texas, 1338 Spruce St. 
Thomas M. Drysdale, M.D., Philadelphia, 1531 Arch St. 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Augusta, Georgia, St. Cloud Hotel. 
J. J. Dugdale, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Grand Exposition Hotel. 
Thomas S. Duffy, M.D., Rutherfordton, N. C., Continental Hotel. 
Louis A. Duhring, M.D., Philadelphia, 1416 Spruce St. 
R. J. Dunglison, M.D., Philadelphia, 814 N. 16th St. 
Alexander Dunlap, M.D., Springfield, Ohio, Girard House. 
Charles W. Earle, M.D., Chicago, 111., 1917 Hamilton St. 
S. S. Earle, M.D., St. John, N. B., St. George Hotel. 
J. C. Eastman, M.D., Hampstead, N. II., Hotel Aubrey. 
James H. Eldredge, M.D., East Greenwich, R. I., Grand Villa Hotel. 
William Elmer, M.D., Bridgeton, N. J. 
Paul F. Eve, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., 1432 Spruce St. 4 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
S. Engelsted, M.D., Copenhagen, Denmark, 151 Corinthian Ay. 
J. A. Estlander, M.D., Helsingfors, Finland, 39 Saunders Av. 
David S. Fairchild, M.D., Ames, Iowa. 
Cyrus Falconer, M.D., Hamilton, Ohio, Globe Hotel. 
P. J. Farnsworth, M.D., Clinton, Iowa, 31th and Spruce St. 
A. G. Field, M.D., Des Moines, Iow*a, 4005 Powelton Ave. 
William Finlay, M.D., Edinburgh, Scotland, 1425 Arch St. 
Emil Fischer, M.D., Philadelphia, 129 N. 6th St. 
George Jackson Fisher, M.D., Sing Sing, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
Simon Fitch, M.D., N. Y. City, 1408 Arch St. 
Thomas Davis Fitch, M.D., Chicago, 111., Girard House. 
Thomas M. Flandreau, M.D., Rome, N. Y., 622 W. 40th St. 
Austin Flint, M.D., New York City, 11th and Walnut Sts. 
Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., New York City, Continental Hotel. 
William H. Ford, M.D., Philadelphia, 1622 Summer St. 
William Fox, M.D., Madison, Wis., Girard House. 
Albert Fricke, M.D., Philadelphia, 235 N. 6th St. 
John Frissell, M.D., Wheeling, W. Va., Continental Hotel. 
F. T. Fuller, M.D., Raleigh, N. C., Washington Hotel. 
Anatole de Gaine, M.D., St. Petersburg, Russia, 235 South 6th St. 
Frederic Henry Gerrish, M.D., Portland, Maine. 
Henry Gibbons, M.D., San Francisco, Cal. 
William Goodell, M.D., Philadelphia, 20th and Hamilton Sts. 
H. Earnest Goodman, M.D., Philada., 1421 Chestnut St. 
Thomas W. Gordon, M.D., Georgetown, Ohio. 
M. W. C. Gori, Amsterdam, 1911 Spring Garden. 
J. W. S. Gouley, M.D., N. Y. City, Continental Hotel. 
J. A. Grant, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, Hotel Aubrey. 
John P. Gray, M.D., Utica, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
John Green, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Continental Hotel. 
Wm. Warren Greene, M.D., Portland, Maine, Continental Hotel. 
Traill Green, M.D., Easton, Pa., La Pierre House. 
Samuel D. Gross, M.D., Philadelphia, Cor. 11th and Walnut Sts. 
S. W. Gross, M.D., Philadelphia, 1115 Walnut St. 
Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U. S. N., Washington, D. C. 
Josiah Hale, M.D., Owensboro, Ky., 1105 Girard Ave. 
Charles C. Hamilton, M.D., Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, 
919 Chestnut St. 
Frank H. Hamilton, M.D., N. Y. City, Hotel Aubrey. 
J. W. Hamilton, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, Girard House. 
D. W. Hand, M.D., St. Paul, Minn., 1505 N. Broad St. 
Charles J. Hare, M.D., F.R.C.P., London, Eng., St. George Hotel. 
George C. Harlan, M.D., Philadelphia, 1806 Chestnut St. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
B. F. Hart, M.D., Marietta, Ohio, 743 N. 20th St. 
Andrew Hartman, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
Henry Hartshorne, M.D., Haverford College, Pa., 1210 Filbert St. 
N. L. Hatfield, M.D., Philadelphia, 501 Franklin St. 
I. Minis Hays, M.D., Philadelphia, 1607 Locust St. 
W. I. Heddens, M.D., St. Joseph, Mo., Continental Hotel. 
Charles Heitzmann, M.D., N. Y. City, 235 S. 8th St. 
Alex. Allan Henderson, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, 1107 Chestnut St. 
George E. Hersey, M.D., Manchester, N. H., Hotel Aubrey'. 
Charles A. Hewitt, M.D., Red Wing, Minn. 
Addinell Hewson, M.D., Philadelphia, 2100 Walnut St. 
Albert G. Heyl, M.D., Philadelphia, 1535 Pine St. 
E. A. Hildreth, M.D., Wheeling, W. Va., St. Stephen’s Hotel. 
Wm. H. Hingston, M.D., Montreal, Canada, 1229 Chestnut St. 
Homer O. Hitchcock, M.D., Kalamazoo, Mich., Chestnut Hill. 
Johan Hjort, M.D., Christiania, Norway, 3716 Chestnut St. 
Edward M. Hodder, M.D., F.R.C.S., Toronto, Can., Girard House. 
II. Lenox Hodge, M.D., Philadelphia, 506 S. Broad St. 
Jno. T. Hodgen, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 1330 Arch St. 
John II. Hollister, M.D., Chicago, 111., 1731 Girard Ave. 
T. K. Holmes, M.D., Chatham, Ont., Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
R. P. Howard, M.D., Montreal, Canada, St. George Hotel. . 
John C. Hubbard, M.D., Ashtabula, Ohio, 525 Franklin St. 
Stephen G. Hubbard, M.D., New Haven, Conn., United States Hotel. 
R. F. Hudson, M.D., Ballarat, Australia, . St. George Hotel. 
Prof. Hueter, Griefswald, 2140 Hancock St. 
C. H. Hughes, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Girard House. 
E. W. Hughes,. M.D., Grenada, Miss. 
J. C. Hughes, M.D., Keokuk, Iowa, 317 S. 10th St. 
Edward R. Hun, M.D., Albany, N. Y., 1835 Chestnut St. 
Ezra M. Hunt, M.D., Metuchen, N. J., 10th and Fairmount Ave. 
William Hunt, M.D., Philadelphia, 1300 Spruce St. 
John C. Hupp, M.D., Wheeling, A"a., Continental Hotel. 
A. Hurd, M.I)., Findlay, Ohio, St. Cloud Hotel. 
W. S. Huselton, M.D., Allegheny City, Pa., Girard House. 
Alexander Hutchins, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., St. Charles Hotel. 
Jas. H. Hutchinson, M.D., Philadelphia, 2019 Walnut St. 
Joseph C. Hutchison, M.D., Brooklym, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Frederick Hyde, M.D., New York, 4024 Chestnut St. 
Josias A. Ireland, M.D., Louisville, Ky., 617 N. 10th St. 
Wm. Irvin, M.D., Breakneck, Pa., 1257 N. 15th St. 
T. Ishigouro, Tokio, Japan, United States Hotel. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Harvey Jewett, M.D., Canandaigua, N. Y., 145 N. 11th St. 
P. A. Jewett, M.D., New Haven, Conn., Continental Hotel. 
A. H. Johnson, M.D., Salem, Mass., Continental Hotel. 
Jno. C. Johnson, M.D., Blairstown, N. J., Merchants’ Hotel. 
H. A. Johnson, M.D., Chicago, 111., 118 N. 11th St. 
Christopher Johnston, M.D., Baltimore, Md., St. George Hotel. 
Samuel J. Jones, M.D., Chicago, 111., Continental Hotel. 
L. S. Joynes, M.D., Richmond, Ya., 1323 Spruce St. 
W. W. Keen, M.D., Philadelphia, 1129 Chestnut St. 
Walter Kempster, M.D., Winnebago Co., Wisconsin, 
S. E. cor. 20th and Mt. Yernon Sts. 
J. G. Kerr, M.D., San Francisco, 1954 N. lOtli St. 
E. L. Keyes, M.D., N. Y. City, 1823 Chestnut St. 
S. B. Kieffer, M.D., Carlisle, Pa., 714 N. 19th St. 
G. Kimball, M.D., Lowell, Mass., Globe Hotel. 
C. B. King, M.I)., Allegheny City, Pa., 2014 Race St. 
R. A. Kinloch, M.I)., Charleston, S. C., 1430 Spruce St. 
Charles J. Kipp, M.D., Newark, N. J., Continental Hotel. 
Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.D., Phila., Penna. Hospital for Insane. 
Herman Knapp, M.I)., New York City, West End Hotel. 
W. A. Koukol de Yasnopolsky, M.D., St. Petersburg, Russia, 
235 South 6th St. 
C. Lange, M.D., Copenhagen, Denmark, 757 Corinthian Av. 
James Leslie, M.D., Hamilton, Ont., Canada, Continental Hotel. 
James U. Letcher, jVLD., Henderson, K}r., 108 N. 41st st. 
Yan S. Lindsley, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., Congress Hall. 
Prof. Joseph Lister, Edinburgh, Scotland, Continental Hotel. 
William T. Lusk, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
Alfred A. Lutkins, M.D., Jersey City, N. J., Hotel Aubrey. 
Thomas Lyon, M.D., Williamsport, Penna., 1927 N. 12tli St. 
John Duff Macdonald, M.D., Hamilton, Ont., Merchants’ Hotel. 
John II. Mackie, M.D., New Bedford, Mass., Guy’s Hotel. 
Thos. L. Maddin, M.D., Nashville, Tenn., 10th and Arch St. 
T. D. Manning, M.D., Waco, Texas, Hotel Aubrey. 
S. Marks, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis., Hotel Aubrey. 
Darius Mason, M.D., Prairie-du-Chien, Wis., 1824 Girard Ave. 
F. F. Maury, M.D., Philadelphia, 1218 Walnut St. 
Hunter McGuire, M.D., Richmond, Ya., Continental Hotel. 
Theodore A. McGraw, M.D., Detroit, Michigan, Globe Hotel. 
John W. Mcllhany, M.D., Warrenton, Ya., La Pierre House. 
Thomas F. McLean, M.D., Goderich, Ontario, 
Grand Exposition Hotel. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Hugh F. McNary, M.D., Princeton, Ky., Continental Hotel. 
Geo. W. Mears, M.D., Indianapolis, Inch, 1429 Walnut St. 
J. Ewing Mears, M.D., Philadelphia, 1429 Walnut St. 
Jas. Aitken Meigs, M.D., Philada., 1408 Spruce St. 
Marcas de J. Meleros, M.D., Havana, Cuba, 204 Union St. 
H. P. Merriraan, M.D., Chicago, 111., 1621 Vine St. 
Thos. S. Michaels, M.D., Richmond, Ya., 149 North 5th St. 
Julius F. Miner, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Andrew K. Minnich, M.D., Philadelphia, 2228 N. Front St. 
Francis Minot, M.D., Boston, Mass., Bryn Mawr Hotel. 
H. Miyake, M.D., Tokio, Japan, 1337 Spruce St. 
John F. Monmonier, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
E. M. Moore, M.D., Rochester, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Geo. R. Morehouse, M.D., Philadelphia, 227 S. 9th St. 
Thomas G. Morton, M.D., Philada., 1421 Chestnut St. 
Alexander B. Mott, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
R. B. Mowry, M.D., Penna. 
H. J. Murphj', M.D., Chatham, Ont., Canada, 3226 Chestnut St. 
George Murray, M.D., New Glasgow, N. Scotia, 113 S. Broad St. 
R. D. Murray, M.D., Florida, 1333 Girard Av. 
S. Nagayo, M.D., Tokio, Japan, 1337 Spruce St. 
R. I. Nunn, M.D., Savannah, Ga., 128 South 15tli St. 
Jno. A. Octerlony, M.D., Louisville, Kentucky, 2225 Spruce St. 
Michael O’Hara, M.D., Philadelphia, 31 S. 16th St. 
Wm. Olclright, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Irving House. 
H. L. Orth, M.D., Harrisburg, Pa. 
J. W. D. Osgood, M.D., Greenfield, Mass. 
George A. Otis, M.D., Washington, D.C., La Pierre House. 
John E. Owens, M.D., Chicago, 111., 3340 Chestnut St. 
Jno. H. Packard, M.D., Philadelphia, 1924 Spruce St. 
Wm. H. Paneoast, M.D., Philadelphia, 1100 Walnut St. 
Edward H. Parker, M.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1106 Spruce St. 
Joseph Parrish, M.D., Burlington, N. J. 
Theophilus Parvin, M.D., Indianapolis, Ind., Girard House. 
R. S. Payne, M.D., Lynchburg, Ya., 616 Locust St. 
Enoch Pearce, Jr., M.D., Steubenville, O., 1436 N. 19th St. 
E. R. Peaslee, M.D., New York City, Continental Hotel. 
William Pepper, M.D., Philadelphia, 1811 Spruce St. 
W. H. Philips, M.D., Ohio, Continental Hotel. 
Gideon L. Platt, M.D., Waterbury, Conn., 340 North 18th St. 
A. M. Pollock, M.D., Pittsburg, Continental Hotel. 
J. H. Pooley, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, 1337 N. Broad St. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Charles H. Porter, M.D., Albany, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
D. R. Porter, M.D., Kansas City, Mo. 
Isaac G. Porter, M.D., New London, Conn. 
Wm. G. Porter, M.D., Phila, 314 S. 11th St. 
Alfred C. Post, M.D., New York City, 614 Race St. 
Edwin Powell, M.D., Chicago, 111., Globe Hotel. 
J. S. Prout, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., Atlas Hotel. 
Samuel S. Purple, M.D., New York City, Continental Hote'. 
Sumner Putnam, M.D., Montpelier, Yt. 
Isaac Ray, M.D., Philadelphia, 3509 Baring St. 
L. S. Rayfield, M.D., Jefferson, Texas, Windsor Hotel. 
G. Rawson, M.D., Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic, 
2032 Chestnut St. 
A. N. Read, M.D., Norwalk, Ohio, 225 S. Broad St. 
Thomas B. Reed, M.D., Philadelphia, 1421 Walnut St. 
James T. Reeve, M.D., Appleton, Wis., 408 S. Broad St. 
James E. Reeves, M.D., Wheeling, W. Ya., 408 S. Broad St. 
Alex’r P. Reid, M.D., Nova Scotia, Canada, Atlas Hotel. 
Dudley S. Reynolds, M.D., Louisville, Ivy., Continental Hotel. 
George A. Rex, M.D., Philadelphia, 2118 Pine St. 
Jos. G. Richardson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1835 Chestnut St. 
T. G. Richardson, M.D., New Orleans, La., St. George Hotel. 
W. L. Richardson, M.D., Montrose, Pa., 1626 Yine St. 
J. M. Ridge, M.D., Camden, N. J. 
S. D. Risley, M.D., Philadelphia, 112 S. lltli St. 
Jacob Roberts, M.D., Philadelphia, 2033 Green St. 
David Robertson, M.D., Milton, Ont., Canada, 2021 Girard Av- 
E. Robillard, M.D., Montreal, Canada, West End Hotel. 
James D. Robison, M.D., Wooster, Ohio, 1105 GirardS t. 
Thos. F. Rochester, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
R. E. Rogers, M.D., Phila., 1004 Walnut St. 
A. M. Rosebrugh, M.D., Toronto, Canada, 2113 Arch St. 
J. W. Rosebrugh, M.D., Hamilton, Canada, 2113 Arch St. 
James Ross, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Continental Hotel. 
John D. Ross, M.D., Williamsburg, Pa., 521 South 11th St. 
Prof. M. Rudnew, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2109 Columbia Av. 
W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., Philadelphia, 1932 Chestnut St. 
Ira Russell, M.D., Winchendon, Mass., 1803 N. 11 St. 
John W. Russell, M.D., Mt. Yernon, Ohio, Girard House. 
Thomas P. Russell, M.D., Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Hotel Aubrey. 
Thos. Edward Satterthwaite, M.D., New York City, 
Trans-Continental Hotel. 
p NAME. RESIDENCE. 
William Savery, M.D., Bryn Mawr, Penna. 
Louis A. Sayre, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
H. S. Schell, M.D., Philadelphia, 1004 Yine St. 
James M. Scott, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Girard House. 
W. Scott, M.D., Cleveland, Ohio, Atlas Hotel. 
Edward Seguin, M.D., New York City. 
Amos Seip, M.D., Easton, Penna., 625 N. 6th St. 
Frederick Semeleder, M.D., Yienna, Austria, Hotel Aubrey. 
N. Senn, M.D., Milwaukee, Wis., University Hospital. 
Leopold Servais, M.D., Antwerp, Belgium, 245 South 8th St. 
Edward 0. Shakespeare, M.D., Philada., 1344 Spruce St. 
Chas. Shepard, M.I)., Grand Rapids, Michigan, Irving House. 
B. F. Sherman, M.D., Ogdensburg, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
Edward Shippen, M.D., U. S. N., Naval Hospital. 
J. M. Shout, M.D., Las Yegas, New Mexico, 
Trans-Continental Hotel. 
George E. Shuttleworth, M.D., Lancaster, Eng., St. George Hotel. 
Alex. R. Simpson, M.D., F.R.C.P.E., Edinburgh, Scotland, 
* Broad and Locust Sts. 
Wharton Sinkler, M.D., Philadelphia, 1534 Pine St. 
Henry M. Skillman, M.D., Lexington, Ky., Girard House. 
Albert II. Smith, M.D., Philadelphia, 1419 Walnut St. 
Ashbel Smith, M.I)., Houston, Texas, Hotel Aubrey. 
David P. Smith, M.D., Springfield, Mass., West End Hotel. 
Eugene Smith, M.D., Detroit, Michigan, 1324 N. 15th St. 
Heber Smith, M.D., U. S. M.-II. S., 3421 Walnut St. 
J. Lewis Smith, M.D., New York City, 1111 Filbert St. 
Joel W. Smith, M.D., Charles City, Iowa, 1418 Castle Ave. 
Joseph R. Smith, M.D., U. S. A., Ft. Monroe, Ya., 340 S. 21 St. 
Edwin M. Snow, M.D., Providence, R. I., 626 N. 40th St. 
II. N. Spencer, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., 608 Marshall St. 
S. Fleet Spier, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., Continental Hotel. 
Edward R. Squibb, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
A. J. Steele, M.D., St. Louis, Mo., Hotel Aubrey. 
Lewis H. Steiner, M.D., Frederick City, Md., Hotel Aubrey. 
Geo. T. Stevens, M.D., Albany, N. Y., Girard House. 
D. F. Stewart, M.D., Houston, Texas. 
James A. Steuart, M.D., Baltimore, Md. 
Alfred Stilld, M.D., Philadelphia, 3900 Spruce St. 
Joseph A. Stilwell, M.D., Brownstown, Ind., 530 Brooklyn St. 
Geo. Strawbridge, M.D., Philadelphia, 1616 Chestnut St. 
S. S. Stryker, M.D., Philadelphia, 3113 Walnut St. 
Absalom B. Stuart, M.D., Winona, Minnesota, 1315 Jefferson St. 10 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
J. L. Stuart, M.D., Erie, Pa., 1528 N. Broad St. 
G. E. Sussdorff, M.D., Macon, Georgia, Continental Hotel. 
George Sutton, M.D., Aurora, Ind. 
Joseph Swartz, M.D., Duncannon, Pa., ■ 918 North 12th St. 
Y. H. Taliaferro, M.D., Atlanta, Ga., La Pierre House. 
B. W. Taylor, M.D., Columbia, S. C., 1430 Spruce St. 
M. A. Taylor, M.D., Austin City, Texas. 
R. W. Taylor, M.D., New York City, 1416 Spruce St. 
E. J. Tefft, M.D., Syracuse, N. Y., Aubrey Hotel. 
S. H. Tewksbury, M.D., Portland, Me., United States Hotel. 
William Thomson, M.D., Philadelphia, 1502 Locust St. 
James Thorburn, M.D., Toronto, Canada, Girard House. 
F. Walton Todd, M.D., California, Girard House. 
S. S. Todd, M.D., Kansas City, Mo., 3728 Lancaster Ave. 
J. M. Toner, M.D., Washington, D. C., Continental Hotel. 
Edward H. Trenholme, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Aubrey Hotel. 
Joliffe Tufnell, Esq., F.R.C.S., Dublin, Ireland, Continental Hotel. 
Horace Tupper, M.D., Bay City, Mich. 
Charles S. Turnbull, M.D., Philadelphia, 1220 Walnut St. 
Laurence Turnbull, M.D., Philadelphia, 1208 Spruce St. 
Edward B. Turnipseed, M.D., Columbia, S. C., 1545 Vine St. 
James Tyson, M.D., Philadelphia, 332 S. 15th St. 
G. Underwood, M.D., Pittston, Pa., 4029'Ludlow St. 
Wm. H. YanBuren, M.D., N. Y. City, St. George Hotel. 
Jos. H. Yandeman, M.D., Chattanooga, Tenn. 
S. Oakley Yanderpoel, M.D., New York City, Globe Hotel. 
Arthur Yan Harlingen, M.D., Philadelphia, 129 S. 15th St. 
Thomas H. Yan Yalzah, M.D., Lewiston, Pa. 
Theodore R. Yarick, M.D., Jersey City, N. J. 
Alex. M. Yedder, M.D., Schenectady,'N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
H. D. Yosburgh, M.D., Lyons, N. Y., 225 N. 13th St. 
Clement A. Walker, M.D., Boston, Mass., West End Hotel. 
Charles D. Watson, M.D., Covington, Ind. 
Wm. Watson, M.D., Dubuque, Iowa, Marble Terrace Hotel. 
W. Murray Weidman, M.D., Reading, Pa., 15 S. 9th St. 
Faneuil D. Weisse, M.D., New York City, Colonnade Hotel. 
James C. White, M.D., Boston, Mass., United States Hotel. 
James P. White, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y., Globe Hotel. 
Luther C. White, M.D., Yan Buren, Ark., 619 North 10th St. 
E. Williams, M.D., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1843 Chestnut St. 
George Wilkins, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Revere House. 
De Forest Willard, M.D., Philadelphia, 113 S. 16th St. 11 
NAME. RESIDENCE. 
Henry W. Williams, M.D., Boston, Mass., United States Hotel. 
J. M. Willis, M.D., Waco, Texas. 
Ellwood Wilson, M.D., Philadelphia, 212 S. 15th St. 
F. N. Wise, M.D., Covington, Ky., 1408 Arch St. 
Caspar Wister, M.D., Philadelphia, 1303 Arch St- 
H. C. Wood, M.D., Philadelphia, 1706 Chestnut St. 
H. D. Wood, M.D., Angola, Ind., 433 Arch St. 
Alfred H. Woodill, M.D., Halifax, N. S., Girard House. 
Ashbel Woodward, M.D., Franklin, Conn., Channing House. 
J. J. Woodward, M.D., U. S. A., Washington, D. C., 1712 Race St. 
John M. Woodworth, M.D., U.S.M.-H. S., Washington, D. C., 
3421 Walnut St. 
Algernon Woolverton, M.D., Hamilton, Ont., 474 N. 8th St. 
Theo. W. Wormley, M.D., Columbus, Ohio, 1334 Pine St. 
Fred. JI. Wright, M.D., Toronto, Ont., Canada, 1203 Wallace St. 
Henry P. Wright, M.D., Ottawa, Canada, Hotel Aubrey. 
R. F. Wright, M.D., Dalton, Ga., 240 South 8th St. 
Lunsford P. Yandell, M.D., Louisville, Ky., Continental Hotel. 
H. P. Yeomans, M.D., Mt. Forest, Ont., Canada, Merchants’ Hotel. 
Delegates Registered up to Saturday (Sept. 9) 12 M. 
D. Hayes Agnew, M.D., Philadelphia, 1611 Chestnut St. 
Gregorio Barroeta, M.D., San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Hotel Aubrey. 
John Bell, M.D., Montreal, Canada, Continental Hotel. 
Aug. C. Bournonville, M.D., Philadelphia. 
David Burpee, M.D., Philadelphia, 1332 Arch St. 
Franklin D. Castle, M.D., Philadelphia, 259 South 15th St. 
James Collins, M.D., Philadelphia, 538 Marshall St. 
Joseph A. Eve, M.D., Augusta, Ga., La Pierre House. 
Daniel E. Foote, M.D., Belvidere, 111., 802 Wallace St. 
Edmund Hansen, M.D., Copenhagen, Denmark, 
Trans-Continental Hotel. 
Elisha Harris, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
James F. Harrison, M.D., University of Virginia. 
0. A. Horr, M.D., Lewiston, Maine, New England House. 
J. B. S. Jackson, M.D., Boston, Mass. NAME. RESIDENCE. 
H. N. Kendall, M.D., Quincy, 111. 
Daniel II. Kitchen, M.D., New York City, Trans-Continental Hotel. 
E. S. Lemoine, M. D., St. Louis, Mo., Mt. Airy, Pa. 
Edward Loring, M.D., New York City, Hotel Aubrey. 
Theodore L. Mason, M.D., Brooklyn, N. Y., Hotel Aubrey. 
Wm. J. McDowell, M.D., Portsmouth, Ohio, Channing House. 
John A. McKinnow, M.D., Selma, Ala., Markoe House. 
Paul F. Munde, M.D., New York City, Preston Retreat. 
A. Nebinger, M.D.. Philadelphia, 1018 South 2d St. 
Wm. B. Neftel, M.D., New York City, Hotel Lafayette. 
Charles H. Nichols, M.D., Washington, D. C., 
Penna. Hospital for Insane. 
David Prince, M.D., Jacksonville, 111., 2216 Mt. Vernon St. 
D. Argyll Robertson, M.D., Edinburgh, Scotland, 
Trans-Continental Hotel. 
J. B. Rottot, M.D., Montreal, Canada, St. George Hotel. 
Gurdon W. Russell, M.D., Hartford, Conn., Keystone Hotel. 
Francis G. Smyth, M.D., Philadelphia, 1212 South 10th St. 
Barton Warren Stone, M.D., Kentucky, 1703 Summer St. 
James P. Walker, M.D., Mason City, 111., American House. 
12 OFFICERS 
OP THE 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
President. 
Samuel D. Gross, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L. Oxon. Philadelphia. 
Vice-Presidents. 
Paul P. Eve, M.D., Tennessee. 
Joliffe Tufnell, Esq., F.R.C.S., Dublin. 
W. L. Atlee, M.D., Philadelphia. 
C. Lange, Copenhagen. 
T. G. Richardson, M.D., Louisiana. 
W. H. Hingston, M.D., Canada. 
James P. White, M.D., New York. 
H. Miyake, Japan. 
N. R. Smith, M.D., Maryland. 
Prof. M. Rudnew, St. Petersburg. 
J. M. Toner, M.D., District of Columbia. 
Prof. Hueter, Griefswald. 
J. B. Johnson, M.D., Missouri. 
F. Semeleder, M.D., Vienna. 
Hunter McGuire, M.D., Virginia. 
Johan Hjort, M.D., Norway. 
Henry Gibbons, M.D., California. 
G. L. Collins, M.D., • Rhode Island. 
R. F. Hudson, M.D., Australia. 
Pierre Debaisieux, M.D., Belgium. 
N. S. Davis, M.D., Illinois. 
Wm. Adams, Esq., F.R.C.S., London. 
L. A. Dugas, M.D., Georgia. 
Alexander R. Simpson, M.D., Edinburgh. 
J. K. Bartlett, M.D., Wisconsin. 14 
Honorary Vice-Presidents. 
Surgeon-General Barnes, U. S. A. 
Surgeon-General Beale, U. S. N. 
Secretary-General. 
I. Minis Hays, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Treasurer. 
Caspar Wister, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Secretaries of Meeting. 
Wm. B. Atkinson, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Richard J. Dunglison, M.D., “ 
R. A. Cleemann, M.D., “ 
W. W. Keen, M.D., “ 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D., “ 
Committee on Publication. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia. 
R. J. Dunglison, M.D., “ 
Wm. Goodell, M.D., “ 
James H. Hutchinson, M.D., “ 
Caspar Wister, M.D., “ 
OFFICERS OF SECTIONS. 
MEDICINE. 
President.—Alfred Stills, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Vice-Presidents.—R. P. Howard, M.D., Canada. 
J. J. Woodward, M.D., XJ. S. A. 
Secretary.—J. Ewing Hears, M.D., Philadelphia. 
BIOLOGY. 
President.—John C. Dalton, M.D., New York. 
Vice-Presidents.—Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., New York. 
F. W. Campbell, M.D., Canada. 
Secretary.—James Tyson, M.D., Philadelphia. 15 
SURGERY. 
President.—Prof. Joseph Lister, Edinburgh. 
Vice-Presidents—J. A. Grant, M.D., Canada. 
John Ashhurst, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia. 
Secretary.—John H. Packard, M.D., Philadelphia. 
DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOGRAPHY. 
President.—James C. White, M.D., Boston. 
Vice-Presidents.—S. Engelsted, M.D., Copenhagen. 
Edward Shippen, M.D., U. S. N. 
Secretary.—A. Van Harlingen, M.D., Philadelphia. 
OBSTETRICS. 
President.—Robert Barnes, M.D., London. 
Vice-Presidents.—Prof. Alex. R. Simpson, Edinburgh. 
W. H. Byford, M.D., Illinois. 
Secretary.—Wm. Goodell, M.D., Philadelphia. 
OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
President.—R. Brudenell Carter, F.R.C.S., London. 
Vice-Presidents.—Wm. Thomson, M.D., Philadelphia. 
Henry W. Williams, M.D., Boston. 
Secretary.—John Green, M.D., St. Louis. 
OTOLOGY. 
President.—Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Boston. 
Vice-President.—A. H. Buck, M.D., New York. 
Secretary.—H. N. Spencer, M.D., St. Louis. 
SANITARY SCIENCE. 
President.—Stephen Smith, M.D., New York. 
Vice-President.—J. S. Billings, M.D., IJ. S. A. 
Secretary.—E. M. Hunt, M.D., New Jersey. 
MENTAL DISEASES. 
President.—John P. Gray, M.D., New York. 
Vice-Presidents.—E. Grissom, M.D., North Carolina. 
I. Ray, M.I)., Philadelphia. 
Secretary.—Walter Kempster, M.D., Wisconsin. CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION. 
Philadelphia, June 1st, 1876. 
My Dear Sir: 
I am instructed by the Medical Commission of the International 
Medical Congress to beg you to furnish without delay the heads of 
your essay, or of your opening remarks, for publication. The object 
of this is to promote and facilitate discussion. 
A very good model for such heads is that furnished for publica- 
tion by Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson in advance of his opening the dis- 
cussion on Syphilis before the Pathological Society of London, in 
February last, as follows: — 
“ After adverting briefly to the doctrines at present received as to the nature 
of syphilis, and also to certain important sources of error in the attempt to study its 
course, the following topics, amongst others, will be introduced for discussion: At 
what period in its course does syphilis cease to be a blood disease? The pecu- 
liarities of the inflammatory process when caused by syphilis; its tendency (i) to 
solid growth, and (2) to ulceration and phagedsena. The importance of a better 
knowledge of the internal pathology of the secondary stage, with a view to the 
better comprehension of the relationships which exist between the secondary and 
tertiary phenomena. (It will be suggested that visceral lesions, gummata, etc., are 
more common in the secondary stage than is supposed.) The remarkable differ- 
ences which exist between acquired and inherited syphilis: a. The great rarity 
of disease affecting the nervous centres in inherited syphilis, b. The rarity of ter- 
tiary gummata in inherited syphilis. c. The frequency of symmetrical forms of 
disease in the tertiary stage of inherited syphilis. The absence of any real relation- 
ship between scrofula and syphilis; and the specificity of all the phenomena which 
belong to the latter, at whatever stage observed.” 
I am further instructed to inform you that the discussion on your 
paper will be strictly oral, and that no written reply to it will be 
allowed. 
Should the thirty minutes allotted to you for the reading of your 
paper prove too short, the time will be extended, but briefness is 
earnestly requested. 
Yours, very respectfully, 
WM. GOODELL, M.D., 
American Corresponding Secretary. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
I876. 
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 4-9. 
OUTLINES 
OF 
PAPERS PRESENTED BY THE REPORTERS ON 
QUESTIONS ASSIGNED FOR DISCUSSION 
IN THE SECTIONS. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 
1876. OUTLINES 
OF 
PAPERS PRESENTED BY THE REPORTERS ON QUESTIONS 
ASSIGNED FOR DISCUSSION IN THE SECTIONS. 
Section I. MEDICINE. 
First Question.—Typho-Malarial Fever; Is it a Special Type of 
Fever? Reporter, J. J. Woodward, M.D., Assistant Surgeon U. S. 
Army. 
Preliminary remarks on the mortality of armies from disease, with comments 
on the comparison recently drawn by Professor Virchow between the mortality 
of the United States armies during the late civil war and that of the German 
armies during the war with France. 
Fatality of camp fevers during the American civil war. General belief among 
medical officers early in the war that these fevers represented a “new type of 
disease.” History of the introduction of the term typho-malarial fever. The 
proposition submitted that whenever great armies campaign in malarial regions 
the prevalent fevers are hybrids, between malarial fevers and some form of 
typhus. Historical illustrations from (a) the siege of Naples, 1528; (b) the 
Hungarian campaigns, from 1526 to 1788; (c) the morbus mucosus of Roederer 
and Wagler; (d) the Walchern expedition of 1809 ; (e) Virchow’s comments on 
the fevers of the German army in France. 
Remarks on the distribution of malarial fevers and of typhoid fever in the 
United States, and on their relation to season of year. Substitution of malarial 
fevers in particular regions, or at particular times, by typhoid. Early recogni- 
tion of hybrid forms by Drake. Recognition of similar hybrids by European 
authors as well as by Americans. 
The typho-malarial fever of the civil war. This term never meant to repre- 
sent a specific type of fever, but intended to designate all the many-faced brood 
of hybrid forms resulting from the combined influence of the causes of malarial 
fevers and of enteric fever. Sketch of symptoms and pathological anatomy. 
Two great groups of cases; those in which the malarial element predominates, 
and those in which the typhoid element predominates. The scorbutic taint as a 
complication of either group during the civil war. 
Adoption of the author’s views since the close of the war by systematic writers. 4 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Second Question.—Are Diphtheritic and Pseudo-Membranous Croup 
Identical or Distinct Affections? Reporter, J. Lewis Smith, M.D., 
Physician to the New York Infants’ Hospital. 
I. Croup a local malady; diphtheritic laryngitis the expression or manifesta- 
tion of a general malady. 
II. Anatomical characters; identical in kind as regards the state of the 
larynx, but differing in degree or intensity. 
III. Clinical facts, which indicate their duality. 
Third Question.—Do the Conditions of Modern Life favor specially 
the Development of Nervous Diseases? Reporter, Roberts Bar- 
tholow, M.D., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine 
in the Medical College of Ohio. 
Numerous references in the writings of the ancients to mental and nervous 
maladies. The influence in ancient times of those conditions supposed to be 
most active in our day in the production of nervous maladies, viz., social excite- 
ments, political revolutions, sexual excesses, indulgence in wine. 
The recognition of nervous maladies in the sixteenth century. 
If in modern times an increase in nervous maladies had occurred, the result 
must be exhibited to a limited extent in an increased sickness and mortality 
rate. With the improvement in the general well-being wrought by our modern 
civilization, a manifest increase in longevity has occurred. With an improved 
hygiene, the sickness rates and the mortality .from epidemics have diminished: 
The supposed increase in the number of nervous diseases is more apparent 
than real. 
The art of printing has greatly increased the diffusion of knowledge amongst 
men, and hence every medical fact has not only a more prominent record, but is 
more generally known. 
In modern times, within this century especially, nervous diseases have been 
more accurately studied and better differentiated. 
The growth of a higher humanitarian sentiment has led to a more abundant 
provision for the insane. 
Fourth Question.—The Influence of High Altitudes on the Progress 
of Phthisis. Reporter, Charles Denison, M.D., of Denver, Colo- 
rado. 
I. The past history of the climatic treatment of phthisis. 
(a) The climates of high altitudes will be considered by tlieir important attri- 
butes, which will be contrasted with the same qualities in less elevated health 
' resorts; in America the elevated inland plains and “ backbone” of the continent, 
between elevations of four and ten thousand feet, being matched with sea-side and 
inland resorts, below the elevation of two thousand feet. 
II. a. Temperature.—Too much importance has been placed upon equable 
temperature, equability often entailing excessive moisture and other conditions PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
comparatively unfavorable to the majority of consumptives. Cool dry climates 
are better than warm moist ones. 
b. Relative Humidity.—The injustice of the advocates of low climates in not 
considering this point noted. Is the comparison of high and low altitudes by the 
relative humidity of each, temperature being accounted for, fair? How does 
altitude affect humidity both absolute and relative? Cause of low relative 
humidity on the eastern Rocky Mountain slope. 
c. Diatbermacy of the Air.—A rule, depending upon elevation, given. The 
conditions for the greatest benefit from the direct influence of the sun grow more 
favorable with increasing elevation. 
d. Electric tension, Ozone, etc.—Their increase in high altitudes, peculiar 
effects, and great utility. How can we best utilize atmospheric electricity? 
Relation of this topic to temperature and humidity. 
e. Altitude.—The subject analyzed. The utility of the changed mechanical 
conditions of respiration. Influence of lessened atmospheric pressure upon the 
circulation and animal economy. 
III. To what extent does phthisis originate above the elevation of 5000 feet? 
Instances analyzed. Favorable conditions for preventing phthisis and lengthen- 
ing the years of the naturally short lived. 
IV. In the treatment of phthisis the utility of high altitudes rests with the 
adaptability of' climate to the needs of special forms and complications of the 
disease. Comparison of experience elsewhere. Injurious effects of great eleva- 
tions, precautions, etc. 
V. Relation of typical cases, with analysis; inferences and conclusions. 
VI. When and how to go to the Rocky Mountain slope ; kind of life to lead ; 
advantages in winter and summer compared. A partial recovery necessitates a 
permanent residence. The remedy of high altitude too long delayed in the 
majority of instances. Duty of physicians in this regard. 
Section II. BIOLOGY. 
First Question.—Microscopy of the Blood. Reporter, Christopher 
Johnston, M.D., Professor of Surgery in the University of Mary- 
land. 
I. Introduction.—The original source of blood in vertebrates. 
II. Elements of blood in vertebrates. 
III. The normal elements having form exclusively considered, as regarded 
from two points of view: a, that of anatomy and physiology; and b, that of 
medical jurisprudence. 
IY. Genesis of corpuscles. . 
Y. Form of colored corpuscles ; and b, their structure. 
VI. Leucocytes. 
VII. Size of colored corpuscles. 
VIII. Their enumeration. 
IX. The colored blood corpuscles in medical jurisprudence. 6 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Second Question.—The Excretory Function of the Liver. Reporter, 
Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., Professor of Physiology in the Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York. 
Is the liver, as far as the production of bile is concerned, an organ for secre- 
tion, for excretion, or has the bile functions both as a secretion and an excretion ? 
The bile contains one substance, cholesterine, which is evidently separated from 
the blood by the liver and is not formed in the substance of the liver itself. The 
blood which goes to the liver contains more cholesterine than the blood which 
has circulated through this organ. It is evident that cholesterine is produced in 
certain of the tissues, particularly in the brain and nervous system. The blood 
gains cholesterine in its passage through the brain. In old cases of hemiplegia, 
there is no cholesterine in blood taken from the arm of the paralyzed side, while it 
exists in the blood from the sound side. In certain cases of structural disease of 
the liver, cholesterine accumulates in the blood and produces peculiar toxic effects. 
The same effects follow the injection of cholesterine into the blood of living ani- 
mals. Cholesterine is an excrementitious substance ; it bears the same relation 
to the liver that urea bears to the kidneys; it is discharged in the bile into the 
small intestine, is transformed during digestion into another substance (sterco- 
rine) and as stercorine exists in the faeces. In addition to the excrementitious 
function of the bile, this fluid has another function, which latter is connected 
with digestion and is essential to life. 
Third Question.—Pathological Histology of Cancer. Reporter, J. 
W. S. Arnold, M.I)., Professor of Physiology in the University of 
the City of New York. 
Fourth Question—The Mechanism of Joints. Reporter, Harrison 
Allen, M.D., Professor of Comparative Anatomy in the University 
of Pennsylvania. 
(I.) Starting with the idea that joints are of dynamic and static values, it will 
be shown that in most movable joints the ball and socket arrangement predomi- 
nates. When the ball is supported by the socket, as at the occipito-atloid articu- 
lation, rest is suggested. But when the ball is suspended from the socket, as at 
the temporo-maxillary articulation, motion is suggested. Attempts will be made 
to illustrate the etiology of fracture and dislocation by reference to this method 
of study. 
(II.) It will be premised that articular surfaces are of three kinds: axial, 
actinic, and lateral. The axial or primary surfaces are those situated upon 
proximal and distal ends of a bone in the line of its longitudinal axis. The 
actinic or secondary (rarely seen) are those placed in a line which is deflected 
from the longitudinal axis. The lateral or tertiary are those situated upon the 
sides of the shaft or body of a bone and serve for articulation with corresponding 
surfaces of other bones. 
E. g. The outer femoral condyle is axial, since it is placed in the line of the 
longitudinal axis of the femur. The internal femoral condyle is actinic, since its PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
7 
line intersects the long axis of the femur, from which it may be said to be de- 
flected. The lateral facets of the metatarsal or tarsal bones serve to illustrate 
the lateral kind. 
(III.) Axial surfaces, it is believed, are static; actinic surfaces are dynamic; 
while lateral surfaces have subordinate degrees of value—some of them being 
adventitious. The outer femoral condyle is active in extension = static; the 
inner femoral condyle is active in flexion = dynamic; but the lateral facets have 
no independent action. 
(IV.) Joints are fixed or locked at extremes of flexion and extension, and are 
most relaxed at the intervals between these extremes. An application of these 
premises will be made to the etiology of dislocation. 
(V.) It will be assumed that when a facet is actively employed it enters into a 
combination with which the entire limb is in harmony. Hence in the study of 
any one facet its relations to all others of its kind, as well as to the bones, mus- 
cles, and fascia; of its limb, become essentials. 
(VI.) It will be shown in conclusion that a correct knowledge of the sympto- 
matology and treatment of diseases of the joints is dependent upon a true con- 
ception of the complex nature of articular surfaces. 
Section III. SURGERY. 
First Question.—Antiseptic Surgery. Reporter, John T. Ilodgen, 
M.D., Professor of Surgical Anatomy and of Clinical Surgery in the 
St. Louis Medical College. 
I. Putrefaction may and does occur in the solids and liquids of the body both 
with and without the direct contact of germs borne in the air or water. 
II. Putrefaction of the solids and liquids of an open wound may in many 
cases be prevented if the contact of living germs with the surface is not per- 
mitted, or by destroying their vitality after contact with it. 
III. It is possible that the living solids and liquids of the body may be so 
altered that they shall not furnish the conditions necessary to putrefaction. 
IV. Practically the conditions to be met in preventing putrefaction are so 
difficult that in many cases it is impossible to comply with them. Yet, even 
partial success is eminently worthy of our best efforts. 
Second Question.—Medical and Surgical Treatment of Aneurism. 
Reporter, William H Van Buren, M.D., Professor of the Princi- 
ples and Practice of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in the Bel- 
levue Hospital Medical Col'ege, New York. 
After a glance at the causes of aneurism and the sources of information at the 
command of the reporter, he will rapidly enumerate the several modes of treat- 
ment at present in use, and endeavour to estimate the remedial value and especial 
applicability of each, aiming to furnish an answer to the following question: 
In a given case of aneurism what method or methods, in the present state of 
our knowledge, promise the most safe and most certain cure ? Incidentally the following mooted questions will be touched upon, viz.: (a) 
why the blood coagulates so much more promptly in some cases of aneurism than 
in others where conditions are apparently alike; (b) the value of antiseptic 
treatment in securing quick union of the wound after applying a carbolized cat- 
gut ligature for the cure of aneurism after the Hunterian method; (c) the pro- 
priety of employing the carbolized catgut ligature upon a large artery; (d) the 
value of the “constricting” ligature of silver wire; (e) the comparative value of 
rapid and slow pressure; (/) the value of galvano-puncture—of coagulating 
injections, etc. etc. 
Third Question.—Treatment of Coxalgia. Reporter, Lewis A. Sayre, 
M.D., Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in 
the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
ls£. Describe Coxalgia, and divide the disease into three different stages, 
giving the symptoms in each stage, so that they can be accurately diagnosti- 
cated. 
2d. The pathological changes in the joint in the three different stages of the 
disease. 
3d. The etiology or causation of the disease— 
(a) That the disease may occur in any person from a sufficient exciting cause, 
and that it is not of necessity of scrofulous origin. 
(b) That, instead of being a constitutional disease, arising without any excit- 
ing cause except the general taint of the system, proof will be offered that 
it is traumatic in its origin almost always if not always. 
4th. The treatment in the different stages— 
(a) Proper treatment in the majority of cases will result in recovery with 
good or perfect motion and without deformity. 
(5) If proper treatment has been neglected until the bone has become carious, 
exsection is justifiable and far preferable to the slow exfoliations of na- 
ture, giving much better results as to the usefulness of the limb, and 
infinitely better as to deformity of the body and motion of the joint. 
Fourth Question.—The Causes and Geographical Distribution of 
Calculous Diseases. Reporter, Claudius H. Mastin, M.D., of Mo- 
bile, Alabama. 
In treating this subject, a brief notice will be made of the varieties and con- 
stituents of calculous concretions, tracing the formation and probable causes of 
gravel in the kidney, and afterwards of stone in the bladder:— 
(a) I shall consider hereditary influences governing diathesis, with the effect 
of habit and mode of life upon the formation of these deposits. 
{b) Reference will be made to climate, food, water, and the default of exercise, 
as bearing upon healthy digestion and assimilation. 
(c) The influence of age, sex, race, and occupation will be considered, and 
notice taken of moral and physical emotions; also the mechanical and traumatic * 
causes of these affections. 
(d) The agency of the colloids in the formation of calculi will be examined. 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
(e) A review of the manner of formation of gravel in the kidney, its passage 
through the ureter, and lodgment in the bladder; and an outline of the geo- 
graphical sections in which calculous diseases are found to abound, with a sum- 
mary of their probable causes, will complete the paper. 
Section IV. DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOLOGY. 
First Question Variations in T}rpe and in Prevalence of Diseases 
of the Skin in Different Countries of Equal Civilization. Reporter, 
James C. White, M.D., Professor of Dermatology in Harvard Uni- 
versity. 
Second Question.—Are Eczema and Psoriasis Local Diseases, or are 
they Manifestations of Constitutional Disorders? Reporter, Lucius 
Duncan Bulkley, M.D., of New York. 
I. Nature of the eruption in constitutional disorders affecting the skin, as in 
the contagious fevers, syphilis, etc. 
II. Nature of local diseases. 
III. Microscopic anatomy of eczema and psoriasis. 
IY. Clinical history of eczema and psoriasis: a, age; b, sex; c, location; d, 
relapses; e, hereditary transmission;/, gouty and rheumatic symptoms; g, uri- 
nary disturbances; h, bronchitis, etc. 
Y. Clinical history of local diseases, epithelioma, verruca, parasitic and me- 
chanical diseases of the skin, etc. 
YI. Effect of local treatment. 
VII. Effect of constitutional treatment. 
Third Question.—The Virus of Venereal Sores; its Unity or 
Duality. Reporter, Freeman J. Bumstead, M.D., late Professor 
of Venereal Diseases at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
New York. 
Three views as to the origin of Venereal Sores have been entertained:— 
1st. All Venereal Sores are due to a single, specific virus, the virus of syphilis. 
2d. Some Venereal Sores are due to the syphilitic virus, and others to a dis- 
tinct virus, known as the chancroidal. 
3d. Some Venereal Sores are due to the syphilitic virus, and others to the 
inoculation of the products of simple inflammation, in which latter case no specific 
virus exists. 
The evidence for and against each of these suppositions, drawn from clinical 
experience and artificial inoculation. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Fourth Question.—The Treatment of Syphilis with Special Refer- 
ence to the Constitutional Remedies appropriate to its various 
Stages; the Duration of their Use, and the Question of their Con- 
tinuous or Intermittent Employment. Reporter, E. L. Keyes, M.D., 
Adjunct Professor of Surgery and Professor of Dermatology in Bel- 
levue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
I. Does a mild beginning in syphilis necessarily indicate that the malady will 
run a mild course so that the duration of treatment may be regulated thereby? 
II. Is the internal use of mercury debilitating? 
III. When is mercury useful in syphilis ? Has it any control over the late 
symptoms ? 
IY. When is iodine useful in syphilis? Can it replace mercury in any stage 
of the disease ? 
Y. Does iodine act by liberating mercury lying latent in the tissues ? 
YI. Should treatment be continuous or interrupted? 
YII. General outline of a course of internal treatment. 
YIII. Conclusions, negative and positive. 
Section Y. OBSTETRICS. 
First Question.—The Causes and the Treatment of Non-Puerperal 
Hemorrhages of the Womb. Reporter, William H. Ilford, M.D., 
Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in 
the Chicago Medical College. 
I. A sequential classification approached by showing 
(a) That the uterus is prone to hemorrhage, because of the conditions con- 
nected with menstruation. 
(b) That the causes of metrorrhagia act by aggravating these conditions. 
(c) That these causes sometimes have their origin in the nervous system and 
sometimes in the vascular. 
(d) That of the latter causes some operate by increasing the flow of blood 
through the uterine vessels, while others effect the same results by retarding the 
current of blood in them. 
II. The treatment consists 
(a) In removing the causes, and 
(b) In surgical, mechanical, and medicinal means to check the flow in great 
emergencies. 
Second Question.—The Mechanism of Natural and of Artificial 
Labor in Narrow Pelves. Reporter, William Goodell, A.M., M.D., 
Clinical Professor of Diseases of Women and of Children in the 
University of Pennsylvania. 
After defining a narrow pelvis, and describing the more common kinds of pelvic 
deformity, the following topics, regarding alone the mechanism of labor, will be 
introduced for discussion :— PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
11 
I. How does the head enter and pass the brim in the flat pelvis; and how in 
the generally contracted pelvis? The commonly accepted doctrine of the initial 
flexion of the head will here be contested. 
II. How does the after-coming head behave in the flat pelvis ; and how in the 
generally contracted pelvis ? 
III. What effect has instrumental interference on the mechanism of labor in 
such pelves ? 
IV. Has turning any mechanical advantages over the use of the forceps ? 
V. General conclusions deduced from a consideration of the above questions. 
Third Question.—The Treatment of Fibroid Tumours of the Uterus. 
Reporter, Washington L. Atlee, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
The subject will be treated mainly from the standpoint of personal experience. 
Two principal divisions of the subject are :— 
I. Tumors usually accompanied with hemorrhage, embracing (a), fibroids 
occupying the vaginal canal; (b), fibroids within the cavity of the uterus; (c), 
interstitial submucous fibroids; (d), interstitial fibroids proper; (e), recurrent 
fibroids. 
II. Tumors usually not accompanied with hemorrhage, including (a), intersti- 
tial subperitoneal fibroids; (b), sessile peritoneal fibroids; (c), pedunculated 
peritoneal fibroid; (d), interstitial cervical fibroid; (e), myomatous degeneration 
of the uterus; (/), fibro-cysts of the uterus. 
The best mode of treatment both surgical and medicinal—the removal of 
tumors per vias naturales—and by abdominal section—the propriety of extir- 
pating a fibroid uterus by either of these methods—a consideration of the seve- 
ral agents which are supposed to control the growth of fibroid tumors. 
Fourth Question.—The Nature, Causes, and Prevention of Puer- 
peral Fever. Reporter, William T. Lusk, M.D., Professor of Ob- 
stetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College, New York. 
Puerperal fever a generic term. 
Varieties.—Distinction between non-infectious and infectious forms. 
(a) The non-infectious form the result of— 
Traumatic injuries. 
Old peritoneal adhesions. 
Disregard of hygienic precautions. 
Mental influences. 
(b) The infectious form a septic disease— 
Local lesions the usual though not the necessary point through which 
the poison enters the system. 
Relations of bacteria to puerperal fever. 
The influence of erysipelas, scarlatina, diphtheria, etc., upon the puer- 
peral state. 
Atmospheric influences. INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Causes.—Deductions drawn from— 
Civil Statistics. 
Hospital Statistics. 
Private Practice. 
Prevention.—Rules based upon our knowledge of causes. 
Practical Results. 
Section VI. OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
First Question.—The Comparative Value of Caustics and Astrin- 
gents in the Treatment of Diseases of the Conjunctiva, and the best 
mode of applying them. Reporter, Henry W. Williams, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Ophthalmology in Harvard University. 
I. Affections of the conjunctiva in which neither caustics nor astringents are 
indicated; 
II. The various forms of conjunctivitis, and the extent in which caustics or 
astringents may be usefully applied; 
III. The modes of applying these remedies to best advantage ; 
IV. Complications—in which the conjunctivitis is the result of other morbid 
processes—or in which the existing morbid conditions are the consequence of pre- 
vious conjunctivitis, with the treatment of such complications. 
Second Question.—Tumors of the Optic Nerve. Reporter, Her- 
mann Knapp, M.D., of New York. 
Third Question.—Orbital Aneurismal Disease and Pulsating Ex- 
ophthalmia; their Diagnosis and Treatment. Reporter, E. Wil- 
liams, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in Miami Medical College 
of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Fourth Question.—Are Progressive Myopia and Posterior Staphy- 
loma due to Hereditary Predisposition, or can they be induced by 
Defects of Refraction, acting through the Influence of the Ciliary 
Muscle? Reporter, E. G. Coring, M.D., of New York. 
I. The hereditary predisposition of myopia. 
(a) How far the law of direct transmission is influenced by the secondary law 
of heredity, which expresses itself in the tendency to revert to the normal 
standard. 
(b) How far this tendency is influenced by intermarriage of different races, 
change of occupation, food, and manner of living. 
These topics will be illustrated by a brief comparison of the statistics of foreign 
countries with those taken in America. 
II. The development of the normal eye, and its relation to the conus and 
posterior staphyloma. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
13 
(а) Is the conus an anatomical and congenital defect inherent in myopic eyes, 
and such that become myopic through hereditary tendency? or 
(б) Is it simply the expression of a distension of the investing membranes 
which may occur in any eye from various causes? 
III. The action of the ciliary muscle as a cause of myopia. 
(a) The anatomy of the part and its relation to myopia. 
(b) Can the continued contraction of the ciliary muscle produce myopia, either 
primarily through a permanent increased curvature of the lens, or secondarily 
through tension and irritation of the deeper seated membranes? 
(c) A short consideration of the statistics published by various authorities in 
regard to spasm of the muscle. 
(d) An inquiry whether negative accommodation, even in connection with 
faulty refraction, can ever produce myopia and posterior staphyloma. 
Section VII. OTOLOGY. 
First Question.—Importance of Treatment of Aural Diseases in 
their Early Stages, especially when arising from the Exanthemata. 
Reporter, Albert H. Buck, M.I)., of New York. 
I. Remarks will be based exclusively on affections of the middle ear associated 
with the formation of pus. 
II. Chronic purulent inflammation of the middle ear is a common affection 
among the individuals of a community. 
III. The serious nature of this form of disease, oftentimes impairing the hear- 
ing very markedly, and occasionally terminating in death. 
IV. The anatomical relations of the middle ear afford an explanation of the 
serious results that may follow an acute inflammation of these parts. 
V. The impotent nature of the means commonly employed for the relief of 
such an inflammation. 
VI. The great value of paracentesis of the membrana tympani as a prevent- 
ive of chronic purulent inflammation of the middle ear, and all its serious con- 
sequences. 
VII. The general practitioner urged to acquaint himself with the use of the 
speculum and mirror, as means of ascertaining accurately the condition of the 
ear. 
Second Question.—What is the Best Means of Testing the Hearing? 
By Charles H. Burnett, A.M., M.D., Aural Surgeon to the Pres- 
byterian Hospital in Philadelphia. 
I. Consideration of the character of the three principal tests (the watch, the 
tuning-fork, and speech) in use among aurists. The manner in which these tests 
are heard by the normal ear, and wherein the diseased ear fails to hear them. 
(a) The watch, once classed among unmusical sounds or noises ; lately classed 
among musical tones. Its value, applicability, etc. 
In using the watch as a test it is important to bear in mind the intensity as INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
well as the position of its note in the musical scale. Its limited applicability; 
The stop-watch most useful; conclusions respecting the watch as a test for hearing. 
(b) The tuning-fork. Its note heard by the normal ear better through the 
air than through the bones of the head. When conveyed to the ear through the 
air the tones of the tuning-fork are tests of the capability of the sound-conduct- 
ing, as well as for the sound-perceiving apparatus. The notes of the tuning-fork 
maybe conveyed through the bones of the head; bone conduction. Phenomena 
consequent upon placing a vibrating tuning-fork on the parietal protuberances 
of one having normal hearing—Blake’s Koenig’s Rods. Aerial and bone con- 
duction of the vibrations of a tuning fork in diseases of the ear. The tuning- 
fork used chiefly in the latter way. 
Conclusions respecting the tuning-fork as a test. 
(c) Speech ; what it consists of acoustically. Its great range in comparison to 
either of the other tests mentioned. The vowels the most powerful and musical 
of all its notes. Their classification. The consonants also admitted to the rank 
of periodic, and hence musical sounds. Whisper and louder speech as tests. 
The failure on the part of the diseased ear to hear all or part of these tests of 
speech. 
II. Deficiencies and discrepancies in the hearing power of the diseased ear. 
In some cases the power to hear certain sounds in the musical scale drops out, 
while the power to hear others remains comparatively good. 
Can disease be diagnosed by the manner in which an ear hears certain tests? 
If so, what will give most aid in such a search ? Most probably the voice. 
1IT. Manner of Testing.—(a) The importance of isolation of the better ear, 
during the test, in one-sided deafness. In any case, important to know how 
much is heard through the air, and how much is conveyed through the bones of 
the head. Want of precision in this has led to great errors in diagnosis and 
prognosis, in cases in which the nerve is good, but in which the sound-conducting 
apparatus, chiefly the middle ear, has been greatly diseased. 
(b) Consideration of what is needed for any form of test. An arbitrary sound 
unit may be established. Its usefulness and its objections. An apparatus might 
be made to give out a set of notes of fixed value. The usefulness of such an 
apparatus as well as its disadvantages. How well the demands of any test are 
met by watch, tuning-fork, and human voice. Conclusions favourable to the 
latter drawn from preceding remarks. 
Third Question.—In what Percentage of Cases do Artificial Drum- 
Membranes prove of Practical Advantage? Reporter, H. N. Spen- 
cer, M.D., of St. Louis. 
I. After reviewing the history of the artificial drum-membrane, there are con- 
sidered (a) the condition of the ear admitting of its use, (b) contra-indicating 
conditions. 
II. The forms of artificial drum-membranes (under which head a preference 
will be stated for Yearsley’s cotton-wool). 
III. The offices performed functional and therapeutical. 
IY. When the conditions are the most favorable it will be claimed that the 
cases are the fewest in number where the artificial drum-membrane will be worn, 
whether the reasons be objective or subjective. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
15 
Fourth Question.—What is the best Mode of Determining the Hear- 
ing of School Children, and how should Partially Deaf Children be 
instructed—in Mixed Classes with those who hear well, or in Sepa- 
rate Classes where due allowance will be made for their defective 
hearing ? Reporter, Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Instructor in Otology 
in Harvard Universit}-. 
T. The methods of testing the hearing, preference being given to (a) test with 
the human voice as proposed by Oskar Wolf, for classes of consonant sounds at 
varying distances; (b) tests with the and musical tones. In cases of 
defective hearing detected in school children, an examination of the condition of 
the ear will be advised with reference to progress in defect of hearing and classi- 
fication accordingly. 
II. Classification according to degree of defect in hearing, in accordance with 
which it will be advisable either to place the child in an ordinary school or in a 
special class. This heading will necessarily include a consideration of the dis- 
eases which most commonly cause deafness in children. 
III. Consideration of that class requiring special instruction, for which prefer- 
ence will be given to the system of visible speech or lip reading in contrast to 
the sign language. 
Under the first heading will be given a form for tabulation of examination of 
the ears in school children. 
Under the second heading will be considered the facilities at present afforded 
in common schools for the instruction of partially deaf children. 
Under the third heading an illustration of the method of instruction by visible 
speech. 
Section VIII. SANITARY SCIENCE. 
First Question.—Disposal and Utilization of Sewage and Refuse. 
Reporter, John H. Rauch, M.D., late Sanitary Superintendent of 
Chicago, 111. 
Second Question.—Hospital Construction and Ventilation. Re- 
porter, Stephen Smith, M.D., Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery in 
the University of the City of New York. 
Third Question.—The General Subject of Quarantine, with Particular 
Reference to Cholera and Yellow Fever. Reporter, John M. Wood- 
worth, M.D., Supervising Surgeon-General United States Marine 
Hospital Service. 
After reviewing briefly the practice of quarantine in the past, and as at pre- 
sent administered, the mode of propagation of cholera and yellow fever will be 
discussed with the view' of arriving, as near as possible, at what precautions are 
necessary and what restrictions superfluous in the administration of quarantine, 16 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
which will lead to the principal question—the practice and methods which should 
be pursued to secure the greatest protection to the public health against cholera 
and yellow fever with the least restriction upon commerce:— 
(a) In this connection will be considered the want of prompt information to 
threatened ports of the shipment of passengers or goods from infected 
districts; 
(b) The question of time as an element in quarantine; 
(c) The value and practice of disinfection; 
(d) The importance of municipal sanitary cooperation ; and 
(e) What may be gained by imparting to masters of vessels correct views of 
sanitary measures to be enforced by them in outbreaks of cholera or 
yellow fever on shipboard, etc. 
Fourth Question.—The Present Condition of the Evidence concern- 
ing “ Disease-germs.” Reporter, Thomas E. Satterthwaite, M.D., 
of New York. 
The (1) Vegetable Germ Theory in contradistinction from other prominent 
• theories, especially (2) the Bioplasm Theory, and (3) the Physico-Chemical 
Theory. 
Especial attention will be directed towards the following general topics: (a) 
The agency of minute organized particles of a vegetable nature in the produc- 
tion of fermentation and putrefaction ; (b) the epidemic diseases of certain plants 
and animals in their relation to minute vegetable organisms; (c) rapid multipli- 
cation of bacteria pari passu with the rapid spread of disease manifestations 
throughout the system; (d) the constant ratio between the most active changes 
in the so-called septic diseases, such as pyaemia, erysipelas, and puerperal fever, 
with the numerical increase in bacteria at the points involved; (e) can any 
strictly chemical substance be a fever producer? (/) bacteria and disease poi- 
sons : their capacity for successfully maintaining active properties; (g) inocula- 
tion of bacteria in healthy tissues. 
The following special topics will then be considered:— 
I. Bacteria: (a) their classification; (b) diagnosis; (c) appearances under 
varying conditions. 
II. The poisonous fluids of infective diseases, as regards their physical proper- 
ties and the solid particles contained in them. 
III. The value of vacuum tube experiments. 
IV. IIow far are either the Bioplasm or the Physico-Chemical Theories com- 
petent to explain the spread of infective diseases ? 
V. The poisons of special diseases, such as cholera, smallpox, the carbuncular 
diseases of men and animals, typhus and relapsing fevers and diphtheria, in their 
relations to minute organisms. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
17 
Section IX. MENTAL DISEASES. 
First Question.—The Microscopical Study of the Brain. Reporter, 
Walter H. Kempster, M.D., Physician and Superintendent of 
Northern Hospital for Insane, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 
A brief statement will be made outlining the progress made by recent investi- 
gators in studying the pathological histology of the brain in insanity, and the 
following subjects will be introduced. 
(a) The importance of microscopic observations of the several cerebral mem- 
branes, to determine their pathological condition, and the relations that the vari- 
ous pathological states hold to the forms of mental aberration. 
(b) The abnormalities in arterioles and capillaries, including the various de- 
posits on the walls of the vessels; engorgement and its consequences; the several 
changes observed in the coats of the vessels; occlusion from minute thrombi; and 
embolism; alterations in the course of the vessels, and the effect these conditions 
have upon the surrounding brain tissue. 
(c) Miliary aneurisms and miliary hemorrhages; the effect they have in the 
production of brain disease. 
(d) The peri-vascular sheath, and peri-vascular canal, as they are found in 
cases of insanity, will be considered in their relations to adjacent brain tissue. 
(e) The various alterations of structure and form noted in nerve cells and 
nerve fibres, in the several forms of insanity. 
(/) The abnormalities in the neuroglia, and the conditions called “miliary 
sclerosis,” and “colloid degenerations,” will be described, and the influence each 
condition has in impairing normal cerebral action will be discussed. 
(g) The various pathological conditions found in the microscopic examination 
of the brain in a number of cases of insanity, will be illustrated by means of 
photo-micrographs, made from fresh and prepared specimens. The pathological 
states observed will be considered with reference to the mental symptoms noticed 
during the course of the various forms of insanity. 
Second Question Responsibility of the Insane for Criminal Acts. 
Reporter, Isaac Ray, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
Still great differences of opinion among physicians, lawyers, and men of the 
world, on the question how far insanity shall be admitted as an excuse for crime. 
Lord Hale’s doctrine that partial insanity—that in which the patient is reason- 
able and correct on many subjects—does not necessarily exempt one from the 
penal consequences of crime, still shapes the decisions of English and American 
courts. Tests for determining what kind of partial insanity does and what does 
not excuse for crime are diverse, unsatisfactory, and none supported by correct 
scientific knowledge of insanity. Delusion has been decided to be a sufficient 
excuse only when the criminal act committed under its influence would have 
been legally justified had the delusion been true. Notwithstanding many of the 
insane think and act correctly to some extent, yet it is impossible to say with 
any near approach to certainty in any given case where sanity ends and insanity 
begins. 18 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS, 
Two mistakes are made by lawyers in estimating the responsibility of the 
insane, viz., they define the scope of the influence of the mental disorder in an 
arbitrary manner, unsupported by the facts of psychological science, and they 
regard the affective faculties as wuthout any part in the play of disease. The 
latter mistake pervades the theories of the law and the judgments of those who 
pretend to no law. The moral like the intellectual faculties are dependent for 
their exercise on the brain—the larger part of the brain, probably, being devoted 
to this purpose. Consequently, disease of the brain must necessarily affect the 
manifestations of these faculties. Whether the one or the other class, or both, 
is affected will depend on the part of the brain diseased. Sanity supposes the 
integrity of all the faculties, moral as well as intellectual. If this integrity is 
destroyed, insanity is the result wherever the lesion may be. Whatever faculties 
may be affected or not affected, apparently, responsibility is presumably impaired. 
It is for the party alleging the contrary to prove it. Punishment of persons 
admitted to be insane, for criminal acts, has been advocated for the sake of the 
example. No good effect can be shown by a single case in point. Patients in 
our hospitals are never punished ; they may be deprived of a favor or privilege 
which they have shown themselves incapable of using properly. 
Wrong as our present mode of procedure is, no change for the better seems 
very practicable, unless it may be that which takes the question of insanity 
entirely from the court and gives it to the jury as one exclusively of fact. 
Third Question.—Simulation of Insanity by the Insane. Reporter, 
C. H. Hughes, M.D., of St. Louis, Mo. 
The feigning of insanity by the sane has been long recognized as a practical 
fact. The possibility of similar efforts on the part of men really insane has been 
ignored or forgotten. The fact that the proof of simulation possesses no real 
practical value, in the case of a person already adjudged to be insane, is, proba- 
bly, one cause of the rareness of recorded cases. 
Advanced general dementia is incompatible with simulation. Acute and 
general mania is also incapable of coexistence with feigning. In recovery from 
the latter condition, circumstances might easily give rise to simulation of a state 
recently passed through. Experience and observation might certainly help to 
an excellent imitation of a state so lately endured. 
Simulation requires and implies some degree of rationality, and usually some 
motive. This is by no means incompatible with insanity. In the remissions of 
periodic mania, in certain cases of chronic general mania and certain forms of 
hysterical mania, and especially in affective or moral insanity without distinct 
intellectual impairment, simulation is perfectly possible ancf practicable. The 
existence of susceptibility to ordinary motives is recognized in the management 
of every insane asylum. 
Striking instances of success in the simulated abandonment of delusions, so 
common in alienistic literature, suggest an equal facility at invention or pretence. 
The criminal classes of our great cities are born and trained to deception. 
Simulation might very naturally be added to constitutional infirmity. Such 
cases probably occur oftener than is supposed. Many famous and historic cases 
might be most correctly characterized as compounds of simulation with actual 
disease. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
19 
Rarely does insanity affect all the faculties alike. Among the rational acts 
done by the insane man simulation may happen to occur. Especially probable 
is it that a man recovering from mania might imitate the crazy acts recently 
prompted by disease if adequate motive existed. 
Simulation is peculiarly practicable in those forms of insanity which involve 
the affective faculties, leaving the intellect comparatively untouched. 
The question of responsibility in cases where simulation is mingled with actual 
disease is a very difficult one. The ancient legal test, “ knowledge of right and 
wrong,” is here wholly inadequate. 
The motive for simulation in the insane of hysterical tendencies is often the 
craving for sympathy and attention. Occasionally, however, it seems to be 
wholly motiveless—a mere freak of disease. 
We should beware of inferring because of detected simulation, the non-exist- 
ence of disease. 
Fourth Question.—The Best Provision for the Chronic Insane. 
Reporter, C. H. Nichols, M.D., Physician and Superintendent of 
the Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, D. C. [Preliminary Programme.] 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
SEPTEMBER 4TH-9TH. 
The International Medical Congress will be formally opened at noon, on 
Monday, the 4th day of September, 1876, in the University of Pennsylvania. 
The following addresses will be delivered before the Congress in general meeting 
Address on Medicine, by Austin Flint, M.D., 
Professor of Practice of Medicine in Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York. 
Address on Hygiene and Preventive Medi- 
cine, by Henry I. Bowditch, M.I)., President 
of State Board of Health of Massachusetts. 
Address on Surgery, by Paul F. Eve, M.D., 
Professor of Operative and Clinical Surgery in 
the University of Nashville. 
Address on Obstetrics, by Theophilus Parvin, 
M.D., Professor of Obstetrics in the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of Indiana. 
Address on Medical Chemistry and Toxico- 
logy, by Theodore G. Wormley, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry in Starling Medical College, 
Columbus, Ohio. 
Address on Medical Biography, by J. M. Toner, 
M.D., of Washington, D. C. 
Address, by Dr. Hermann Lebert, Professor of 
Clinical Medicine in the University of Breslau. 
Address on Medical Education and Medical 
Institutions, by Nathan S. Davis, M.D., Pro- 
fessor of Principles and Practice of Medicine 
in Chicago Medical College. 
Address on Medical Literature, by Lunsford 
P. Yandell, M.D., late Professor of Physiology 
in the University of Louisville. 
Address on Mental Hygiene, by John P. Gray, 
M.D., Superintendent and Physician to the New 
York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 
Address on Medical Jurisprudence, by Stan- 
ford E. Chaill6, M.D., Professor of Physiology 
and Pathological Anatomy in the University of 
Louisiana. 
Discussions on scientific subjects will be opened in the Sections as follows: 
ist Question. Typho-malarial Fever; is it a Special 
Type of Fever? Reporter, J. J. Woodward, 
M.D., Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army. 
2d Question. Are Diphtheritic and Pseudo-mem- 
branous Croup Identical or Distinct Affections? 
Reporter, J. Lewis Smith, M.D., Physician to 
the New York Infants’ Hospital. 
Section I. MEDICINE. 
2>d Question. Do the Conditions of Modern Life 
favor specially the Development of Nervous 
Diseases? Reporter, Roberts Bartholow, M.D., 
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medi- 
cine in the Medical College of Ohio. 
4th Question. The Influence of High Altitudes 
on the Progress of Phthisis. Reporter, Charles 
Denison, M.D., of Denver, Colorado. ist Question. Microscopy of the Blood. Re- 
porter, Christopher Johnston, M.D., Profes- 
sor of Surgery in the University of Maryland. 
id Question. The Excretory Function of the 
Liver. Reporter, Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., 
Professor of Physiology in the Bellevue Hos- 
pital Medical College, New York. 
Section II. BIOLOGY. 
2,d Question. Pathological Histology of Cancer. 
Reporter, J. W. S. Arnold, M.D., Professor 
of Physiology in the University of the City 
of New York. 
Afth Question. The Mechanism of Joints. Re- 
porter, Harrison Allen, M.D., Professor of 
Comparative Anatomy in the University of 
Pennsylvania. 
Section III. SURGERY. 
ij/ Question. Antiseptic Surgery. Reporter, 
John T. Hodgen, M.D., Professor of Surgical 
Anatomy and of Clinical Surgery in the St. 
Louis Medical College. 
2d Question. Medical and Surgical Treatment of 
Aneurism. Reporter, William H. Van Buren, 
M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice 
of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in the Bel- 
levue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
3d Question. Treatment of Coxalgia. Reporter, 
Lewis A. Sayre, M.D., Professor of Ortho- 
paedic Surgery and of Clinical Surgery in the 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New 
York. 
4th Question. The Causes and the Geographical 
Distribution of Calculous Diseases. Reporter, 
Claudius H. Mastin, M.D., of Mobile, Ala- 
bama. 
Section IV. DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOLOGY. 
ist Question. Variations in Type and in Preva- 
lence of Diseases of the Skin in Different Coun- 
tries of Equal Civilization. Reporter, James 
C. White, M.D., Professor of Dermatology in 
Harvard University. 
2d Question. Are Eczema and Psoriasis Local 
Diseases, or are they Manifestations of Con- 
stitutional Disorders? Reporter, Lucius Dun- 
can Bulkley, M.D., of New York. 
$d Question. The Virus of Venereal Sores; its 
Unity or Duality. Reporter, Freeman J. 
Bumstead, M.D., late Professor of Venereal 
Diseases at College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, New York. 
4th Question. The Treatment of Syphilis with 
Special Reference to the Constitutional Reme- 
dies appropriate to its various Stages; the 
Duration of their Use, and the Question of 
their Continuous or Intermittent Employment. 
Reporter, E. L. Keyes, M.D., Adjunct Pro- 
fessor of Surgery and Professor of Dermat- 
ology in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
New York. 
Section V. OBSTETRICS. 
ist Question. The Causes and the Treatment of 
Non-puerperal Hemorrhages of the Womb. 
Reporter, William H. Byford, M.D., Profes- 
sor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and 
Children in the Chicago Medical College. 
2d Question. The Mechanism of Natural and of 
Artificial Labor in Narrow Pelves. Reporter, 
William Goodell, M.D., Clinical Professor 
of Diseases of Women and of Children in the 
University of Pennsylvania. 
$d Question. The Treatment of Fibroid Tumors 
of the Uterus. Reporter, Washington L. 
Atlee, M.D., of Philadelphia. 
tfh Question. The Nature, Causes, and Preven- 
tion of Puerperal Fever. Reporter, William 
T. Lusk, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and 
Diseases of Women and Children in Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College, New York. ist Question. The Comparative Value of Caus- 
tics and of Astringents in the Treatment of Dis- 
eases of the Conjunctiva, and the Best Mode 
of Applying them. Reporter, Henry W. Wil- 
liams, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology in 
Llarvard University. 
2d Question. Tumors of the Optic Nerve. Re- 
porter, Hermann Knapp, M.D., of New 
York. 
Section VI. OPHTHALMOLOGY. 
2yd Question. Orbital Aneurismal Disease and 
Pulsating Exophthalmia; their Diagnosis and 
Treatment. Reporter, E. Williams, M.D., 
Professor of Ophthalmology in Miami Medical 
College of Cincinnati. 
4th Question. Are Progressive Myopia and Pos- 
terior Staphyloma due to Hereditary Predis- 
position, or can they be induced by Defects 
of Refraction, acting through the Influence of 
the Ciliary Muscle? Reporter, E. G. Loring, 
M.D., of New York. 
Section VII. OTOLOGY. 
i st Question. Importance of Treatment of Aural 
Diseases in their early Stages, especially when 
arising from the Exanthemata. Reporter, 
Albert H. Buck, M.D., of New York. 
2d Question. What is the Best Mode of Uni- 
form Measurement of Hearing? Reporter, 
Clarence J. Blake, M.D., Instructor in Otol- 
ogy in Harvard University. 
3d Question. In what Percentage of Cases do 
Artificial Drum-membranes prove of Practical 
Advantage ? Reporter, H. N. Spencer, M.D., 
of St. Louis. 
Section VIII. SANITARY SCIENCE. 
ist Question. Disposal and Utilization of Sew- 
age and Refuse. Reporter, John H. Rauch, 
M.D., late Sanitary Superintendent of Chi- 
cago, 111. 
2d Question. Hospital Construction and Venti- 
lation. Reporter, Stephen Smith, M.D., 
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery in the Uni- 
versity of the City of New York. 
3d Question. The General Subject of Quaran- 
tine with Particular Reference to Cholera and 
Yellow Fever. Reporter, J. M. Woodworth, 
M.D., Supervising Surgeon-General U. S. 
Marine Hospital Service. 
4th Question. The Present Condition of the 
Evidence concerning “ Disease-germs.” Re- 
porter, Thomas E. Satterthwaite, M.D., of 
New York. 
Section IX. MENTAL DISEASES. 
ist Question. The Microscopical Study of the 
Brain. Reporter, Walter H. Kempster, M.D., 
Physician and Superintendent of Northern 
Hospital for Insane, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 
2d Question. Responsibility of the Insane for 
Criminal Acts. Reporter, Isaac Ray, M.D., 
of Philadelphia. 
2,d Question. Simulation of Insanity by the In- 
sane. Reporter, C. H. Hughes, M.D., of St. 
Louis, Mo. 
4th Question. The Best Provision for the Chro- 
nic Insane. Reporter, C. H. Nichols, M.D., 
Physician and Superintendent of the Govern- 
ment Hospital for the Insane, Washington, 
D. C. 
Gentlemen intending to make communications upon scientific subjects, or to parti- 
cipate in any of the debates, will please notify the Commission before the first of Au- 
gust, in order that places may be assigned them on the programme. In order to facilitate debate there will be published on or about June 1st the outlines of the 
opening remarks by the several reporters. Copies may be obtained on application to the 
Corresponding Secretaries. 
The volume of Transactions will be published as soon as practicable after the adjournment of 
the Congress. 
The Public Dinner of the Congress will be given on Thursday, September 7th, at 6.30 P. M. 
The registration book will be open daily from Thursday, Aug. 31, from 12 to $ P. M., in the Hall 
of the College of Physicians, N. E. corner i$th and Locust Streets. Credentials must in every case be 
presented. 
The registration fee (which will not be required from foreign members) has been fixed at Ten 
Dollars, and will entitle the member to a copy of the Transactions of the Congress. 
Gentlemen attending the Congress can have their correspondence directed to the care of the College 
of Physicians of Philadelphia, N. E. cor. of Locust and Thirteenth Sts., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
There is every reason to believe that there will be ample hotel accommodation, at reasonable 
rates, for all strangers visiting Philadelphia in 1876. Further information may be obtained by address- 
ing the Corresponding Secretaries. 
All communications must be addressed to the appropriate Secretaries at Philadelphia. 
The foregoing programme is published by the authority of the Committee of Arrangements of the 
Centennial Medical Commission. 
S. D. GROSS, M.D., 
President. 
William B. Atkinson, M.D., 1400 Pine Street, Recording Secretary. 
William Goodell, M.D., 20th and Hamilton Sts., 
Daniel G. Brinton, M.D., 115 S. 7th Street, 
American Corresponding Secretaries. 
Richard J. Dunguson, M.D., 814 N. 16th Street, 
R. M. Bertolet, M.D., 113 S. Broad Street, 
Foreign Corresponding Secret at ies. 
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INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CONGRESS. 
The Medical Societies of Philadelphia, animated by a just spirit of patriotism, and an earnest desire 
to unite with their fellow-citizens in celebrating the Centennial Birthday of American Independence, have 
taken the initiatory steps for the formation of an International Medical Congress, by the appoint- 
ment of delegates from their respective bodies, who were empowered to organize and perfect a scheme 
for the above purpose. In accordance with the authority thus given, the delegation has organized itself 
into .boisvilab 
THE CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION OF PHILADELPHIA, 
WITH THE FOLLOWING OFFICERS: 
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President, Samuel D. Gross, M.D.,, LL.D., D.C.L. Oxon. 
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Vice-Presidents, .... 
W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., U. S. N., 
.Alfred Stille, M.D. 
Recording Secretary, William B. Atkinson, M.D. 
American Corresponding Secretaries, 
Daniel G. Brinton, M.D., 
William Goodell, M.D. 
Richard j. Dunglison, M.D., 
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R. M. BertOlet, M.D. 
Foreign Corresponding Secretaries, 
Treasurer, Caspar Wister, M.D. 
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Arrangements have been made for the holding of the Congress in the city of Philadelphia, to 
begin on the 4th and to terminate on the oth of September, 1876. The Commission propose the fol- 
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lowing general plan for the organization and business of the Congress: — 
I. The Congress shall consist of delegates, American and foreign, the former representing the 
American Medical Association and the State and Territorial Medical Societies of the Union. 
II. The officers shall consist of a President, ten Vice-Presidents, four Secretaries, a Treasurer, and 
a Committee of Publication, to be elected by the Congress at its first session, on the report of a Com- 
mittee of Nomination. III. The morning sessions of the Congress stall be devoted.sto general business and the reading of 
discourses; the afternoons to the meetings of the Sections, of which there shall be eight, viz. :— 
1. Medicine, including Pathology, Pathological Anatomy and Therapeutics. 
2. Biology, including Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Microscopy. 
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4. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children. 
5. Chemistry, Toxicology ,and Medical Jurisprudence-. ,f0 asbobog ta>itaM ariT 
6. Sanitary Science, including Hygiene and Medical ibrfi 
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8. Mental a7 })0107/0q S19w' oriw ,?.oibod dviloaqzsi tbrfi moil esnsgabb lo fnsm 
IV. No vote shall be taken during the sittings of the Congress upon any topic discussed or address 
delivered. oln. 
In order to impart to the Congress a thoroughly international character, invitations to send dele- 
gates'; will be extended to all the prominent me,dical Societies in Europe, Mexico, the British Dominions, 
Central and South America, the Sandwich Islands, the East and West Indies, Australia, China, and 
Japan. Invitations will also be tendered to medical gentlemen of high scientific position; and distin- 
guished visitors may be admitted to membership by a vote of the Congress. 
Amoiig; Ithe lidV^iita^gvWis*i^']froffi^suihi as this, not the least important will be the 
opportunity afforded to its members for the interchange of friendly greetings, the formation of new 
acquaintances, and the renewal and cementing of Old friendships. 
The Centennial Medical Commission tender in advance to their brethren in all parts of the world 
a cordial welcome, and a generous hospitality during their sojourn in the “Centennial City.” 
The Congress will be formally opened at noon, on Monday, the fourth day of September, 1876. 
The registration book will be open daily from. Thursday, Aug. 31, from 12 to 3 P. M., in the Hall 
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of the College of Physicians, N. E. corner 13//1 and Locust Streets. Credentials must in every case be 
presented. 
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All communications must be addressed to the appropriate Secretaries. 
W114.IAM B. Atkinson, 1400 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Recording Secretary. 
Daniel G. Brinton, 2027 Arch Street, 
William Goodell, 20th and Hamilton Sts., 
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Richard J. Dunglison, 814 N. 16th Street,' 
R. M. BeRTOLEX, 113 S. Broad Street, ' 
American Corresponding Sccret’drih. 
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Foreign Corresponding Secretaries. 
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Philadelphia, October, 18715. Centennial JHetrieal Commission of pi)ilai>elpl)ia. 
Philadelphia, 187 fintentattonal jUtelrtcal ©ortgrcss. 
PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 
All communications should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary. 
Philadelphia, \ 87 
To. 
Sir : 
We have the honor to inform you that you have been elected a mem- 
ber of the Executive Committee of the Centennial Medical Commission. 
The accompanying circular sets forth the objects and work of the Commission 
as far as it has progressed. Any further information you may at any time 
desire we shall be happy to furnish you. 
We beg to entrust to you and the other members from your State, the in- 
terests of the Congress in 
The Secretary of your State Medical Society will be notified that the 
proposed plan of organization entitles the Society to send to the International 
Medical Congress the same number of delegates as your State has Represen- 
tatives in Congress. 
In accepting membership in the Executive Committee, you assume no 
personal or pecuniary liability in connection with the work. 
The favor of an early answer is requested. 
We have the honor to he 
Your obedient servants, 
President. 
Corresponding Secretary. CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION. 
Philadelphia, 
1876. 
My Dear Sir : 
The time allotted to you for the reading of your paper before the 
Section on in the International Medical 
Congress, is limited to thirty minutes. 
In order to facilitate discussion, you are urgently requested to forward to 
the Committee of Arrangements, before May 20th, the heads of your essay 
or of your opening remarks. 
You are also requested to sum up, at the close of your paper, the views 
embodied in it, by such conclusions or propositions as can be voted upon 
separately in the Section, and afterwards reported to the Congress. 
Very respectfully, yours, CENTENNIAL MEDICAL COMMISSION. 
Philadelphia, June ist, 1876. 
My Dear Sir: 
I am instructed by the Medical Commission of the International 
Medical Congress to beg you to furnish without delay the heads of 
your essay, or of your opening remarks, for publication. The object 
of this is to promote and facilitate discussion. 
A very good model for such heads is that furnished for publica- 
tion by Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson in advance of his opening the dis- 
cussion on Syphilis before the Pathological Society of London, in 
February last, as follows:— 
“ After adverting briefly to the doctrines at present received as to the nature 
of syphilis, and also to certain important sources of error in the attempt to study its 
course, the following topics, amongst others, will be introduced for discussion: At 
what period in its course does syphilis cease to be a blood disease? The pecu- 
liarities of the inflammatory process when caused by syphilis; its tendency (1) to 
solid growth, and (2) to ulceration and phagedaena. The importance of a better 
knowledge of the internal pathology of the secondary stage, with a view to the 
better comprehension of the relationships which exist between the secondary and 
tertiary phenomena. (It will be suggested that visceral lesions, gummata, etc., are 
more common in the secondary stage than is supposed.) The remarkable differ- 
ences which exist between acquired and inherited syphilis: a. The great rarity 
of disease affecting the nervous centres in inherited syphilis, b. The rarity of ter- 
tiary gummata in inherited syphilis. c. The frequency of symmetrical forms of 
disease in the tertiary stage of inherited syphilis. The absence of any real relation- 
ship between scrofula and syphilis; and the specificity of all the phenomena which 
belong to the latter, at whatever stage observed.” 
I am further instructed to inform you that the discussion on your 
paper will be strictly oral, and that no written reply to it will be 
allowed. 
Should the thirty minutes allotted to you for the reading of your 
paper prove too short, the time will be extended, but briefness is 
earnestly requested. 
Yours, very respectfully, 
WM. GOODELL, M.D., 
American Corresponding Secretary.