The firflef Water works. The fecond of Fire works* The third of Drawing, Wafhing, Limming, Painting, and En- - graving. 7? ft*A 3r*,-, n A? fourth offundry Experiments, In foare fever all farts. Wilis m§nv Additions tin to J$y IohnBate. PrmteAJor Ratj?k Mabb 163 £ Pages [l]-[4] missing T O The ingenious Author, f. . upon his Treatife of Arc and Nature. OThat Apclles\[vz<\ now / then he Might draw thee to the life, but alas we Muft not attempt that, which the Painters art Can onely doe : but what, the Painters art Said I ? that can’t;no coleurs but thine owne Can thee exprefle, nor yet can Art be (howne In any but thv felfe : for thou arthee Whom Nature joyn’d with Art, doth dignifie- Therefore when I through ev’ry leafe defcry Thy Engines, and in each his property, I can’t deny but that there’s both in one: There’s Art, there’s Nature,whom thou knew’ft alone To /oyne; or elfe in Art hath am beeae,- Or Natures Treatife bgfter then thee feene ? Whom thine owne booke here’ihowes, and in which you Lay open to each cenfure, and each view, Y ea to each curious eye. But what of that ? Wee’ll thee (in (pi te of them) perpetuate, And carpe at carpers, and yet (till comprize Thy vertues in our annuall memoryes. T. T. OF VV ATER-WORKS. T hath beene an old fay- §11» ing amongft Philolb- Jtlflfl Mjj|i pliers, and experience ffgiy By doth prove it to bee true, Zhf on datur vacuum, that is to fay, Nature will not admit of any- vacuity or emptineffe.For feme or other of the Elements, but efpecially Ayre, and Water doeinfert themlelves into all manner of concavities, or hollownef- fes, in, or upon the earth, whether they are fuch as are formed either by Art or Nature. For the one it is fo obvious,and manifeft, as that it needs not any proofe at all. As for the other, I fhall make it manifeft unto you by eafie demonftrati- on. Let there be gotten a large veflell of glafle,or other,having befides the mouth another hole (though but a little one)at the top: poure water into the veflell by a tunnell thruft into the mouth ofit, and you fhall finde that as the water runneth into the veflell,a winde will com® forth ofthe little hole, fufficient to blow out a candle being held over it. Thisproveth, that before the water was poured into the veflell (though to our fight it appea- red to be empty) it was full of ayre, which forced out of the veflell as the wa- ter ran in- and the reafon hereof is, be- caufe the water is by nature of amasfie, fubtill, fubftance ■ and the ayre of a windy, light, evaporative nature ; the knowledge of this, with the rarifadtion ofinclofed ayre,is the ground and foun- dation of divers excellent experiments not unworthy the knowledge of any in- genious Artifl whatfoever. OfWatec-workes, To draw water by a Crane. p§gggj|||gk Ake any vcflcllaof wbat bigneflfe yon pleafc, Bfijj fill it with water,then take a Cranc(that is Sifej? a ctoo^ fi°H°w Cane) one end whereof, HPrlcIfti k* on>cw^at longer chan the otherjput the fborter end of it into the vcflTdl oP water,and let the longer end hang outof the vcflfcll, unto which longer cad, put your mouth, and draw in your breath, and the water will follow 5 then withdraw your mouth, and you (hall fee the water runne folong, till it comeequall to that end of the Cane which is within the veflell. Atibtber. T* Ake a dccpc veflTdl, having two loopcs on one of the * fides, fill it nigh full with water: then take i hollow Cane, like unto theaforefaid.buc let there be faftened un- to the (hotter end a woodden di(h * put the longer end TbefirflBooke heereof through the loopes on the fide,and that end that hath the difhfa* ftened unto it into the vc(TclI of wa- ter,withyour mouth as you did in the former,draw out the airc,andyou (hal fee that as the water runneth out, the Crane will finke lower and lower,, and fo will continue running until the be drawnc empty. Howto make a conceited pot{9tbicb being filled with water jwill of it Jelfe runne all not being filled ‘Will not run out. MAkc,orc3u(capotto be made of what fafhion beft Hketh your mindc,and make a large hollow Cane to ftand up in the midft thereof 5 having at the bottomc two or three fmali holes$ ler the top of this cane be dofe: then make a hole in the bottome of the veffell,and put up a lit- tle cane hollow at both ends,into the other Cane, fo that the one end thcrof may almoft touch the top of the great cane,and it is done. Notc,that if you put into this vcflcll fomuch liquor,that it fwim abouc the top of the Cane, it will ofitsowneaccord, runne, and never ceafcfo long as there is any liquor in the veffell $ but if you fill it below the cane,it will not run at all of it fclftft the rcafbn whereof is this jthc ayre being the lighter element, doth afeend into the higher plaec,but being drawne as in the twofirft demonftrations out of the Crane, or forced, as in this, by the weight of the Water in the vefiel!, the water then tendesh downewards unto its pro- per place. oflVater-Workes* Another conceited Pot out of which being fir ft filled with wine and water,you may drinkepure wine apart>orfaire water apart,or els both together. i/fignific a pot having a partition in the middle as you may fee in the figure,which muft have divers lit- tle holes bored through: the handle of this pot muft bee noliovv quite through • and the lower end thereof muft pafTe through the fide of the pot ; and alfo the partition that is within the pot. It is noted with the letters qandr: if you fill the lower part of this pot with wa- ter, and then with your finger, ftop the hole r, at the top of the handle, and then fift ‘the upper part with wine,neitherof both will mix toge- ther. But if you withdraw your fin* ger from the hole r at the top of the handle, you may drinkc out of the faid pot both wine and water mixed together, with this potyoomay welcome unbidden guefts,having the lower part ready filled with water,cal to your fervant to fil your pot with wine,then may you drink unto your gueft.drin- king up all the wine, who when betakes the pot thinking to pledge you in the fame, and finding the contrary, will happily ftay away until he be invited,fearing that his next prefumption might more fharply be rewarded* 4 The firft Booke How to difpofe i yejfels upon onefoot, that fo much wine may run out of the one> us you [hall put water into the other* LEt A,B,C,D,be the foot,ateach end whereof, place a veflell equall in bigncflc,the one to the other j as D, E, alfo let there pafle a hollow Gane from the one to the o- ther,as A,R,A, the ends whereof muft almoft touch the tops of thefaydvef. fels* in the veflell D, there muft be a hol- low pipe,as F,wher- by you may by help of a tunncll powre water into the veflel, alfo in the vcfTcll E, there muft be a crane as G.The mouth of the veflel,D,muft be clofe flopped, and >the pipe F,muft pafle through thcftoppel; now if you fil the vef (ell E with wine al- moft unto the top of the Crane, and afterwards flop the mouth ofthe veflel), that the ayre may not breath forth, it will not run of it fclft:bu:if you put water into the vcflell D,thc ayre contained in it, will pafle through the hollow pipe, A,R, A,into the veflel] E,whereftriving for a grea- ter quantity ofrootnejtprcfleth the wine out of the veflel E, (by thecrane)anfwcreablc in quantity unto the water powredinto the veflell D. ofWater-Workes. 5 How to difpofe 1 yefiels upon one foot, the one being empty >and the other almoji full of wine,and yet/ball notrun out of the Defied >mlefie you fid the emp- ty Defied with water then the one (had run pure winetfke other fay re water. LEt there be two yefTels placed upon one foot, having a hollow cane paffing from one to the other f as I taught in the precedent probleme) but let there be two cranes,as F,G,one in each veflcll * then fill one of the vcf- ? —* fells with wine , but not above the crane, lo it will not runne of it felf: but if you powre water into the other vcffcll,until! it be ful,it wil caufe that wine (hall runout of the one,and cleare water out of the other. To make that the water contained in one hangeth,as it were the beameof a fcalejat the one ende whercof3is fattened a peecc of boord, ha- ving a lea- ther nailed upon the top 5 aerhe other end 10 TbefirjlBooke af this bcame muft hang a weight, but not full fo hea- is. Fill both theft vef* fcls with wacer,andths cup alio 5 note then* that if you fuckc out the watefin the cup by rhe pipe on the fide of it,the water in the veffdfwiflcomdirtoic, untill it is in both of cquall height: now as the water falleth down in A,thepceceofb6ordthaf is hanged unto one end of the beam fallethafter itfbecaufe ft is header than the weight) and fogiveth way unto the wafer in E, which runneth in** to it; and when the velTell is filled againe with water, it bsareth upthefayd peeceof boord againft the pipe of the veflell E,fo that the water canrunnc out thereat no longer, except the water bee againe drawneout of the CUp. : Of drawing water by Engines. Before I begin with thefe, take a word or two by the way.Letitbcagener.il notion that no Engine for wa- ter wofkcs of what fort foever* whether for fervice, or tnccrcpleafure.can be made without the help of Succurs, Forcers,or Clacksjevery of which,I have orderly explai- ned both by words and demonftrativc figures. A Succur is a box,which is made of brafle (having no bottottlej in themiddeft of which, there is a (mall barre gocth crofTe.the fame having a hole in the middle ofitjthis box hath a lidfo m&)y fitted unto being put into it,no aire nor water can piffcbetweene the ere vile: this cover hath a little button on the top, and a ftem that go- eth into the box,and fo through the hole of the aforefayd erode barre, and afterwards it hath a little button riveted ofWater-Workes* 11 oh k,fo that k may with cafe flip up a ad downc, bu not be taken,or flip quite out. A Forcer is a plug of wood cxa&Iy turned and lcatnc- red end that gocth into the bar- - concave. A Clackc is a pcece of leather nayled over any hole,ha- ving a piece of lead to make it lie clo(e,fo that the ayreor water in any vcffcll may thereby be kept from going out. Sow to harden Leather fo as thefame/ball lafi much longer in Juceurs of Pumpesythenit doth unprepared LAy fuch Leather as is well tanned to (bake in water, wherein there hath been ftore of yron filcings a long time,or elfe in the water that hath lien a longtime, under a grindftone,into the which fuch yron as hath been from time to time ground a way,hath fallen and there fetied, The making of a Pumpe to water. SVppofe A,B,C,wcre a deep Well,wherin you would make a pumpe to draw water to the furface or fuperfi - des of the earth. Firft therefore yon muft provide apipe of Lead,or a peece of [timber bored thorow, fo long as will reach unto the battomeofjhe Well ; that part that ftandeth in the water muft bee cut with two or three arches, as it were,if it bee wood 5 if Leade, it muft have fomewhat to bearc it a little from the bottome, that the water may thereby bee let into the pipe. Towards the IbefirftBoeke bottome of the pipe in the water there muft be faftened a faecur.-alfo another of theP Occurs muft be faftned about two loot above the top of the ground.thcnhavca bucket fit- ted unto the hole of the wood or leaden pipe,let it bee wcl lea- thered about, and have a clacke at the bottom of it,and let it be hanged with a fwccp as the fi. gurc Ihewes; note that after you have filled the diftancc between the lower fuccur, & the bucket with water, that if you lift up the fweepe,ic wil thruft downe > the bucket upon the water, and water being prefled upon by the bucket,bearcth up the clacks that is fattened in the bottome of the bucket, andfo comes into the bucket: then if you pull downe the fwecpc,the clacke (butteth,and fo the water remains in the bucket,that being drawn upward, there being no- thing to follow but water,both the fuccurs open,and there com methinto the pumpe fomuch water as the buckets drew updo loon then as you lift up the fwcep againc, the water bca- reth up the clack again, and there being no place for the water formerly contained in the bucket to fall backc into, it muft of neceffity rife above the bucket,and feek for paf- (age fomc other w here. ofWater-Workes. The making ofan Engin, whereby you may draw wa- ter out of a deepe well) or mount any %iyer water, to be cony eyed to anyplace within three or four miles of the fame. Mjo it is ujed in great Jbips -which 1 have fee tie. O Vppofc, A,B,C,D,to be a dccpc Well,and E F to bee a peece of timber faftned athwart the fame, a good way in the water. In this plankclet there bee fattened a peece of timber with a ftrong wheelc in it, as G, H, having ftrong yron fpikes drove a- thwart the wheeie within the crevifc,and ftrongly riveted on each fide: let them be three or fourc inches diftantfrem each other. Let there bee likcwife made in the fayd planke two holes,in which fet two hollow pofts,that may reach to the top of the Well, or lo much higher syou dettre to mount the wa- terier them be made faft that they ftirre not. In thebottome of one of thefe pofts,there muft be faftned a barrell of brafTe, as GH, made very fmooth with- in ;and betwixt thofe two pofts the top $ let there be faftened unto them both another 14 The firfl Booke pcecc of ftrong timber co hold them faft, left they ftart a- iundcr;and in themiddeft of that make a mortice, and in it faften a ftrong peece of timber with a whcele like to the former mentioned jthe pin whereof ought co be made faft unto the whecle,and have a crooked handle to turne about,that by turning of it,you may turnothe whcele alfo. Then provide a ftrong yron ebayne of length fufficicnt, having on every third or fourth linke a peece of horn,that will cafily go through the brafte barrel 1, and a leather on each fide of it, but fomwhat broader then the home, put this chaync under the lower whcele in the Well upon both the hollow pofts, draw it over the upper whecle, and linke it faft and ftraight. Turne then the handle round, and it will turne the cfaaine round, wbofc Lea- thers comming upthe brafte barrell, will bearethc water before them 5 this goeth very ftrongly, and therefore had need be made with whecles and wrought upon by horfes, for fo the water is wrought up at Broken Wharfe in London. To make an Enginewhich beeingplacedin water will cafl tbejame with rviolence on high LEt there be prepared a ftrong table, with a fweepe fattened at the one end thercof,to lift up & dawne, unto the end of the fweepe, let there bee linked a peece of yron having two rods oflcngth fufficicnt,let there be made a hole quite through the middeft of this table, whofc diameter let be about 5 or 6 inches: then provide 2 pceccs of brafte in forme of hattes,but let the brim of the uppermoft be but about one inch broad, and have divers little holes round about it; alfo in the crown of this muft 15 be placed a large (uc cur, &o- ' vcr it a lhalfglobe from the toppe of which, muft pro. ceed a hol- lo w trunk about a yard long, and of a good wide bore,then take good liquoured leather, a or 3 times double, & pm be- tween the boord and the brims of this3& with divers lit- tle ferews put through the holes of the brim, fcrew it faflr unto the top of the table. Note that the cable muff be lea- thered alfb underneath the compaffe of the brim of the lower brafle. Nowthelowermoft brafte muff be of equal diameterfin the other, but it muftbee morefpirall towards the bottome, and muft have cither a large clacke or fuccur fattened in itralfo the brimme ofihis mutt be larger than that of the uppermoft, and have two holes made about the midft on each fide one: bore then a 16 TbefirflBooke holes in the table,on each fide of the brafle one, anfwe r- bleunto the holes of the brimme of the lower brafle, through which holes put the two rods, of the yron han- ged unto the fwecp,ana rivet them ftrongly into the holes of the lower brafle. Place this in water, and by moving the fweepe up and downe,tt will with greater violence call the water on high. Experiments of forcing ‘tenter by nyer com- prefed. LEe there be a large pot or veflell,having at the fide a peeceof wood made hollow, having a dacke of 'leather with a piece of Lead upon it, within the vcf- fcll alfo let there be a pipe through the top of the vcffcll, reaching almoft to the bottom of it: at the top of which let there be a round hollowbal and on it a fmall cock ofbrafle. Notcthatif you fill thefaid veflell halfc full of water, & blow into the hole of the pipe, at the fide, your breath williftup theclacke, and enter ....... „ , . t the veflell, but when it ism,it will preffe down the clack®; blow into it often- times,fofliall'rhcrebcagrcatdealeof ayre in the veflell, which will preffe fo hard upon the water,that if you turn the cock at the top,the water in the veflell wil fpinne out * good while. %*5 }??Aeeth% upnfoils 6 iJ ofWaur^Workss. 17 Another. LEt A, B,C,D Jr agre.it vcdeil, having.a partition in the middle: let them be a large tunnell a* the top >fir,E,F,whofeneck mud go into the bottom aU mod of the lower vdlelljiet there bee a hollow pipe alio comming out of the partition,and almoft touch the top of the upper vcdeil. In the topofthe upper vel- fcli let there be ano- ther pipe, reaching from the bottomeof the upper vcflcil, and extending it fclfcout of the vedell a good way: let the top of it hang over the tunnell. In thetopof the upper vedell let there be a hole befides,tobc ftopt with cork>or other wife: when you will ufe itppcn the cork hole,and fill the upper vcflcil with water:then ftop it clofc againjand powre wa- ter into the tunncll,and you (hall the water in the upper vedell will run out of the pipe into the tunnell a» gaine,and fowil continue running untill all the water in the upper vedell be run out.The reafon thereof isihisjthe watqrin the tunnell preffing the ayre in the lower vcdeil maketh it afeend the pipe in the partition, and prede the water in the upper vcdeil,which having no other way but thepipcjit runneth out thereat* Thefirfl Booh T be ford ng of wetter by pre(fure7 that is the natural! courje ofwater in regard of its heavinejfe and tbinneffe% artifidally contrived to breake out of what image you pleaje. LEt A,B,C>D, be a ceftcrne placed upon a curious frame for the purpofc,lct the bottom of this frame be made like wife in the form of a ccftcrn: through the pilfers of this frame Jet there palTc hollow pipes from the bottom of the upper eeftern, anddefeend to the bot- tom of the lower cefkrro,and then run a!) to the middle ofWater-Worhs. thcreof,and ioync in one,and turn up into the hollow bo- dy of a beaft.bird.fiftijOr what your fancy moft affc&erh; let the hole of the image whereat the water muft breaks out,be very fmall,for foit will run the longer.Fill the up- per ceftern with water,and by reafon of the weight there- of it will palTc through the pipes,and fpm out of the hole of the image. Experiments of forcing water by Engine, T Et there bee an even ftraight barrell of brafte of what and bigneffe you pleafe: let the bottome of it be open,and let the top be c!ofcd,but fo that it be hollow on the out-fidc like a bafin.n the midft whereof let there be a ftraight pipe erefted,open at both ends,alfo let there be another fhort pipe at the fide of it* which let bee even with the tOD of the bafin on the outftde, but ftand a little from it on the fide.Ha- ving thus prepared the barrel!,ficagood thick board untoir, fo that it may fl peafily up 6c downc from the top of the barrell unto the bottom,nay lea leather about the edges of it, and another about the top of it :on the under fide of it let there bee faftened a good ftiffe, but flexible fpring of lteck, which n ay throft the board from the bottome to the top of the barrell: let the foot of this fpring reft upon a bar faft ned acroflc the bottome of 20 IhefirflBooke the barrell*let this board alfo have tied at the middle a lit- tle rope of length fufficient. VV hen you ufc it, bore a little hole in the table that you fet it on,to put the rope thorow * and pull the rope downe,which will contra# the fpring, and with it dra » downe the board : then poure in water at the bafin untill the veflell be full r Note then, as you let ftackc the rope,the w iter will fpirtout of thepipe, inthe middle,and as you pull it ftrait, the water will runne into the vcffcll againc. You may make birds, or divers images at the top of the pipe, our of which the water may break. Another manner of forcing water, whereby the wa- ter of any fpring may be forced unto the top of a bid, LEtthere be two hollowports,with a fuccur a: the bot*> tom of each, alfo a fuccur nigh the top of each : let there be fa ft ned unto both thefe ports a ftrong piece of timber,having,as it were,a beam or fcalc pinned in it, and having two handles,at each end one.In the tops of both thefe hollow ports faften two brailc barrels, made very c- ven and fmooth within, unto thefe two barrels let there be fitted 2 forcers, leathered according to art, at the tops of thefe forcers muft be faftcncdiwoyrons, which muft be linked unto the afore faid beamejfrom each port below towardsthcendof th; barrdls, let there bee two leaden pipes, which afterward meet in one, tocondu&thc wa« ter up to the place defired, which if it be very high,there will benccdoffbmcfuccursto catch the water as it com- mcch. of WaterJYorkes, 21 ibedefcription of an Engine to force water up to a high place : yery ujefullferto quench fire amongft buildings. tEt there be a bradc barrel! provided, having two ftic- curs in the bettome of it: let it alfohavc a good large* pipe going up onc fide of it with a fuccur nigh unto the toppe ot it, and above the fuccur a hollow round ball, having a pipe at the toppe of it made to 22 TbefirflBooke fcrew a notber pipe upon it,to direct the water to any place. Then fit a forcer unto the barrell with a handle faftc. ned unto the top; at the upper end of this forcer drive a flrong fere w, and at the lower end a (crew nut, at the bottom of the bar el faften a fere w,and at the barre that goetb erode the top of the barrel!,let there be another (crew nut: put them all in order,and faften the hole to a good ftrong frame,'tha* it may (land ftcddy.and it is done. When you ufe it, eh her place it in the water,or over a kcnnclfand drive the water up to it,and by movingthehandletoandfro/n wil caft the water with mighty force up to any place you direct it. Experiments of producing founds hy ayre and water. LEt there be had in a readincfTea pot made after the forme of the figure following,having a little hole at the top,in the which faften a reed or pipe,alfo ano- ther little hole at the bottome .• prefle this pot into a buc* ket of water,and it will make a loud noyfe. of Water Worked 23 Another: LEt there be a'cefiern of leadorfuchlike.having a tun- nell on the top:let it be placed under the fall of a con- duitjand at the one end of the top, let there come cut of the vcffell a (mail piDe,whichletbe bent into a cup of wa- tcr,and tncii wiiibc heard a tirai?ge vuycc. Over this pipe you may make an artificiall tree with divers birds made to fit therein. Ike fit ft Eooke How to make that a bird fitting on a bafts, fbaU make , a noyfe% and drwkt out of a cup of water, being held to the mouib of it. PRovidc a cefterne, having a tunnellat -he one end of the top, and a little cane com- ming out of the other end of the veffcll; on the toppe of which let there be a bird made to (it,a!fo at the bottome >f the ccftcrnc, let there bee a crane to carry a- way the water as it runneth into the veflell; Place this vcflell with its tunnel! under the fall of a con- duit of water, and the bird will (ing. and if you hold a cup of water under his bill, hce will drinke andtnakea noyfe. A device whereby fever all voyces of birds cberping may be heard. % ■> Prepare aceflerne having divers partitions, one above * another; let them all have •cranes in the bottomes to carry the water from one to another ;alfo let eachccftcrn have his feverall pipe, all of them comming out at thetop or me ccftern,on whole tops let birds be artificially made, efltfater-Workes. 25 with reeds in them ; allointhe top of the upper ceftcrn let there be a tunnel!. Place it under the fall of aeon* duit of water, and yon fballhcarc fomany fe- verall voycosas there are birds. \A device whereby the figure of a man{landing on a bafis/ball be made to found a trumpet. pReparca ccftern * having within on the lid faftncd a concave hcmifphcrc in whole bottom let there bee made one or two holes .* let there alfo be a hole in the top ofthefaicB ceftcrn, whereby it may bee filled with water as occafion fcrvcth,alfolet there be made to (land on the top of this cc/ ficrnthe image of a 26 The firJl Booh man holding unto his mouth a trumpet.-this image mutt likewife have a (lender pipe comming out of the ccfterne unto the trumpet, in this pipe or cave there muft bee a cocke nigh vnto the ceftcrne. Alfo there rouft come out of the concave hemifpherc at the fide of the ceftcrne, a little fhort pipe having a clack on it within the veftell. Fill the cefterne about two thirds full of water,and then cork it up faft,blovr then into the veftell at the pipe on the fide di- vers times,and the ayre wil force the water out of the he. mifphcre,and make it rife up on the fides of it $ turnc then the cock«,and the weight of the water will force the ayre out of the pipe,and fo caufc the trumpet to found. Hercules [booting at a Dr agon,"ft bo asfoone as be bath fbotjbijfetb at him. T Et there be a ceftern having a partition in themiddcft3 "in the partition let there bee a deepe fuccur, having a final! rope raftned unto the top of it: let the one end of the rope come out of the upper lid of the ceftern, and beefa- ftenedunroa ball, the other part thereof let it be put under a pulley ffaftned in the partiti- oned let it be carried aifoout of the upper ceftern,and be fattened unto the armc of the 1- rnage, which mutt bee made to flip too and a- gainc,and to take hold ofthc firing of a fteele bow that is held in the ofWater-Workes* 27 other hand. At the other end of the ceftern let there bee made an artificial! image ofa Dragon, through whole bo- dy mull come a fmall pipe with arced artificiallyfaftned in the upper part thereof. Note then, that when you put up the baihthe image will draw his bow, and when you let it falbthe Dragon wll hilFe. Experiment sofproducing founds by evapora- tion of water by ayre. PRepare a round veflcli of braile or latcin, having a crooked pipe or ncckc, whereto fatten a pipe : put this vcflell upon a trevet over the fire and it will make a ttirii! whittling noyfe. To make two images [acrificing, and a Dragon biffing. PReparca ccftcrn having an altar of brafleor tin upon thcceftcrna hollow pipe turning up out of the ceftcrn at each end ;alfo in the middle within thealeai,alfo on the fide of the altar into the body of a Dragon artificially made,with a reed in the mouth of it. Let there be two boxes at the tops of the pipes, on the ends of the ceftcme,having two crooked pipes or cranes comming out oi them. Fill the boxes with water when you occupy it,alfo put fire upon thealcar,and the Dragon will hiflMnd the water in the two boxes being wrought 28 TheJtrft Book* upon by the heat of the fire commiug thorow the pipes will drop into the fire- Thefe two boxes ought to bee in. clofed in the bodies of two images, and the two (hort cranes comming out of them in her arraes and hands. Expcriments of producing founds by Engins: TVRcpare a veffel after the form of the figure marked with the letters A,B,C,D,pIaceit upoaframcasF, G,H*this vcflelmuft have ahole in the bottom,with a pipe faftned in it* as Qt to convey the water contained in it into a veflell or tub fetun- der it,marked with the letters R,S,T, alfo a frame mull bee fallned at the top ofir,a$ GaH, L, having Co manybels with }?ittle beaters or hammers to them Artificially hanged) as are requifite to exprefle your defired tune. La Illy provide a foliid piece of timber, whole lower pare mull be fitted unto theaforefayd veflell, fo that it may eafily flip upanddowne, and fo higb,as that its foot re- fling upon the botromcof the veflell, the upper part thereof may Hand fomewhat above all the bels- Note like wife that that part of this wood above its bottomc or foot mull bee cut away about three qpart-ers of ofWater-Workes. 29 an inch. Vpon this wood thus fitted muft bee fattened fc- vcrall pins equal unto each bel/rom the top unto the foot thereof,fo difpsfed that they may orderly preffe downc the inward ends of the hammers of each bel),according as the tunegoeth. when you ufe if, fill the ceftcrne almoft with water,and put the fitted piece of timber into it, and as the water runneth out at the bottome, it will play upon the bcls: note that it were very requifitc to have a cocke fattened to the pipe on the bottotne of the vcflcll, that thcrewithyou might at you plcafurc fhy the water. The like Engines might bee made to play upon wycr firings difpofed upon a concavous matter to make the mufickc Kfound,butbccaufethisdcfcription giveth light enough for the framingofdivers other,I thought good here to o- mic them. Experiments ofmotions by ratifying water with fire. LEt there be an altar having a pipe coming out of it & entring the body of a hollow balljet therejeome oat of the fame bal a beam,whofe lower end make to hang over a bucket fattned to a rope, and banging over a pulley,of which rope the other end muft be wound a- bout two fpindles, having two doors fattened unto them, and at the end of the fame rope lee there bee a weight fa- flened.So the fire on the altar will caufe the water todi- ttill out of the ball into the bucket, which when by reafon of the water it is become heavier than the weight, it will draw it up,and fo open the fayd gates or little doorcs. The fir ft Booh Experiments ofmotions by ratifying ayre by fire. LEc there bee a round vcfTcll of glamor home, and on the top of it a veflcllofbrafle, and in the tniddefl a hollow pipe fpreading it felife into four fcucral bran- ches at thebottome : the ends of two of the branches muft turn op, the ends alfo of two on thefe foure branches fallen a light' mages fet upon it. Rarifiethe airethen by laying a red- hot jron upon the top of thebraffe or tin veffelf.and it wit of Watcr-Workes. tame the wheelc about,fo that you would thinketbe ima- ges to be living creatures by their motion* Anotber way rj Irft prepare a round pecceofwood,having a brafle box * in the midft/uch as they make to hang the mariners compaffe with,but a good dcale bigger,round a bout this pccce of wood fatten divers flireds of thin lattin, Aanding obliquely or askcw,3s the figure doth reprefentj round a- bout thefe fatten a coffin of thinne paftboord,cut into fevcral formes of fifties, birds, bcatts, or what you pleafe. Prepare a lanterne withoy- led fufficient to contain if,in the middeft of whofc bottomc mutt be ere£tcd a fpindie with a na- row point,tohang the paftbord cut into forms upon.upon each fide Jet therebca focket for to fetacandlc in,a!fo let ther be made a dorc in the bottom to put thccandlcs in at, and after to be fbut,anditis don.If you fet two candles inthefockets, the heat of them will turn the whole pattboord of forms sound, 32 The fir ft Booke A conceited Lmpe haying the image of a Cocke fit- ting on the top, out ofwhofe mouth by the heat of the Lrmpe, either water or ayre may be fent• T Et £ R be the foot of the Lampc, which mutt haue a hollow pan of glaflc or white tin, to containethe oyle rn, and whereon to put foure cotton lights, which may be made to fwitn by patting the wyer wherein they arc Fattened, throueh foure fmall nieces of corkc. Now there mutt be a veflcll of brafle or yn to bee borne ouer the lights with foure little pil- lars : you may make this vetfell to feeme to outward ippcarancc, like a Growne: this veflcll is noted with the letters A B a pipe that reachcth from the top of the veflcll almott unto the botcome. This piperruft be made flat on one flde, 5c halfc round on the other, and unto the top thereof, mutt bee fodered a round phillct of braffc, as the bottomc of this phillct mutt coucr the top of the pipe no- ted /: alfo it mutt hang ouer as much on the flat fide of the pipe. Then let there bee made the image of a Cocke, which mu ft be hoi low, and under whofe belly there mutt « „ * w come a pipe with a bottomc fodered on it: this pipe muft be turned to fit eucn with the phillcc fo that neither ayer nor wacermay eomc betweene their ioynts: make then a [mail hole in the bottomc of the phillcc that is fo- dcred on the pipe dire&ly oucr the hole of the laid pipe, /,alfofuch another hole make in of the pipe that comes from the belly of the rocke, fo that it may anfwcr unto the aforefaidfaolc inthebottomeofthc phillet /i/,then turnethecock to the other fide,and with a double bit make a hole both fhorow the fide of itf, &al- fothorow one fide of the p pc that comes from the cocks belly. Laftly,you may make fome hole whereat you may pull water into the veflell, and to be flopped up and it's done. But obferve this, that the pipe muflfirfl be fitted, and after wards fodered into the veffell, fo as the veflell may give no vent but at the abouc mentioned holes in the faid pipes. The larger you make this veflell towards A, G, T, the more ftrangc it will appeare in its cffe&j, fo the lights be proportionable, Fill the veflell halfc full ofwa' ter, and fet the lights on fire underneath it, and after a Abort time, if you turne the holes that are on the fades of the pipes, that they may anfwcr one another: then the water being by little and littleconuerted into ayre by the heate of the lights that are underneath, will breath forth at the mouth of.the Cocke* but if you turne the mouth of the Cocke the ether way, tbatthe holes at the bottomc ofthc pipes may anfwer each to other, then there being no vent for the ayre to breath out at, it will prefle the wa« ter, and force it to afeend the pipe/’, and iffiic out where the ayre breathed before. This is a thing may mouc great admirationin the umkilfull, and (uch as underfland it not. Oiher devices andthofc more ftrangc in their effe&$,may o/Water-WorkeS' \ 33 34 Thefir ft Booh be contrived from hence. Amongft all the experiments pneumatically there is none more excellent than this of the Weather-glade ; wherefore I have laboured to deferibe the making tber- of as plainly as it poffibly might be. What tbeWeatherglaffe is. A Weather* glade is a,ftru&ure of,at the lead, aglaf- (cs,fometimcs of three,foure,or more,as occafion fer- vcth,inclofing a quantity ofwater, and a portion of ay re proportionable,by whofe condensation orrarifa&ionthc included water is fubieft unto a continuall motion, either upward or downward; by which motion of the water is commonly forediewn the (late,change, and alteration of the weather. For I fpcakeoo more than what mine expe- rience hath made me bold to affirm jyou mayfthe time of the yeare,and the following obfervations underftanding- ly con(idered)be able certainly to foretell the alteration or uncertainty ofthe weather a good many houres before it come to paffe. Of the feyerall forts and fafbions of Weatbcr-glaffcs. "T* Here are divers fcvcral! fafliions O' Weather- glades* •* but principally two; i The circular glade* x The Perpendicular glade: the Perpendiculars are cither finglc double,or treble. The finglcPcrpcndicnlars arc of two forts,either fixt or moveable; of Water- Iforkes, 35 The fixt are of contrary qualities; cither fuch whofc included water doth move upward with cold,and down- ward with heat,or clfcupward with heat3 and downward with cold. In the double and treble Pcrdcndiculars, as the water afeendeth in one, it defeendeth as much or more ia the other. In the moveable Perpend:cular theglaflc being artifici- ally hanged, moveth up and downc with the water. How to make the water* IMSflconfeffc, that any water that is not fubie& unto or freezing, would fervethe turnc3but Art hath taught to make fuch a water as may bee both an or- nament to the workc, and alfo dcle&able to the eye. Take two ounces ofVardigreafe in powder,and infufc it fo long in a pint of white wine vinegcr, untill it hath a very green colour3thcn pourc out the vineger gently from theVardigreafe: take alfo a pint and ahalfeof purifidc Maifr-dew,aRd put therein 6 ounces of Roman vicreoll in groffc powder, let it ffond till the vitreoll bee thorowly diffolucd; then mixe this with the former water, and ftraipe them thorow a cap paper,and put it into a cleans glafle well flopped, and it’s ready for ufe.- Another. TAkc a gallon of rayn-water that hath fetled, infufc therein a day and a night 4 pound ofquick lymej ftir it about with a clcanc flick oftentimes in the day; in the morning pourethc cleerc water off from the lyme, into a braflepan, and addc thereto 2 o^J 1 armoniack 5 36 ' 1 he firfl Booh let it ftand five or fix houres, afterwards dir it about un- till it be of a perfect blew colour, then ftrainc it thorow a brownc paper rowled within a tunnel!, and referveitfor your ufc. This water is not fo good for ufe as the former, for it leaveth a kinde of cloudy daine upon the glade wbenitfaileth. Howto m\e the Qrctdar glaffe. p Ird, you mud prepare two glades,the fafhion wherof * * let be like unto the figures marked with the letters A,B, and C,D. The glade G, D, is open at both the ends, al- of WaterAVorkes0 37 foin the middle there is a neckcomming up of fufficicnt wideneffe to receive the (hankend of the glade marked with the letters A,B,Thcnfil the glade C,D,a third parr, with eh her of the waters,and divide theglaflc into fo ma- ny equall parts as you would have degrees ; rarifie the aire in the head of the glade A,B, by holdingjt to the fire, which being yet warmc,revet fc the (hanke of it into the ncokc of the glaflc C,D, Note that if the water doe not afeend high enough,you muff take the glade A,B, out againe,and heat it hotter: if it afeend too high, heat it not fo h "»t.If it be in the Dogdayes,and extreme heat of fum mcr,i and a are good degrecs;ifthc weather be moft tern* io. When you have hit an indifferent degree, lute the ioynts very clofc, and faden a ribben unto the top of the gladeto hang it by- In this glade the water will with cold afeend the glade A, B,with heat it will defeend the glaffe A.B, and afeend the homes of the glade, C,D. How to make the Jingle Perpendicular glajje> wbofe water ajcendetb with coldyand. defeendeth with beat. pRcparc two glades after the fafhion ofthefc figures un- derfctjFjG,T,I. Alwaics chufc thofe upper glades that have the lead heads,els they will draw the water too fad andprcdcit toolow.-alfolet not the (hanke of the glade be too wide: it is no matter to be curious in chufing the lower glade. Having provided boththefe glades, make a frame for them about one inch longer than the fbanke of the glaffe,F)G,liavirg a hole at the top to putthe fame thorow* There ought to be a great dealc of care had in 38 The fir ft Books making the frame fo.that the foot thcrof may beof a grea. ter to the end that it may (land firme,and not be fub?e£l: to be turned downe, which will diftemper the whole workc. After you have prouidedthe frame,proceed to the making of it after this manner. Put both the gtofles into the frame,and then divide the (hank of the giaffc F,G,in- to fo many equall parts as you would have degrees $ write figures upon paper, and pafte them on, {with gomme traga- gam diffolvcd in Sire water*) then fill the bottom giaffc 2 thirds with the wa- ter,6c rarific the ayrc in the giaffc,F, G, fo often untill you have hitfucha degree as is moft fitting for the temper of the wea- ther, put in a littte crooked hollow cane for thcayre to pafle in and out at,bat let it not touch the water : thcn flop it about the ioynts oltbc giaffc with good cement,that nothing may come out. Make an artificiall rocke about it,with pieces of cork dipt in gicw,androwIed in this folio wiag powder,andit is done. The powder for the rocke. fake mother ofPearlc a pound, fmallrcd Corall di. of Water Workes. 39 pound, Antimony crude 4 ounces,and make a grofle pow- der of them. To make the jingle perpendicular glaffc, afeending Toitb heat,and dejeending ‘ftitb cold. PRepare two glaffes after the fisfbion of the figure A,B, and C,D; let the glafle A have a fmall pinhole at or about the top of al,and let the glaffc G,D,have bcfidcs the hole atthe top, another hole at the bottomc with a fbort pipe. Provide fuch a frame for this as you did be- fore for the other; then put the glaffes into it, fallen the bottomc glaffc to the bottom of the frame, having a hole at the bottome,rhoro w which the pipe of the glafle C,D, may paffc,fit a cork unto it: then lute the two glaffes to- gether,fo that noaire may paffe betweene the ioyning ; divide then the Ibanke into io many degrees, as youpleafe, & figure it as before I taught you, then with the heat of a candle,rari- fie the ayre an the glaffc,C,Dsand fill it a third part full of water, and then put the corkefaf! tnmotc that ifthefirft heat- ing of the glaffc raife not the water unto 40 The fir ft Booh your contention mu ft repeat it over and ovcf,untill it do. when it is fufficient3tben flop the cork in very firmc, no water may come out, and it is made. Howto make the double perpendicular glajfe. PRcpare two glades like unto the figure marked with the letters A, B, the one of them muft have a {mall hole in or about the head thereof. Prepare likewife for the bottome a vedell of the fafbion of the figure, G, H,having two mouthes,areach end oncjalfo a cock in the middle,asK,divide then the (hank of thcgladc without the hole in the top,into equal parts,& fct figures upon it:next lute the both faft into the necks of the bottom vedel. (But firft remember to pur them in a frame: ) when the cement is dry turn the cockc of the bottome vef- fell, and rarifie the aire in the glade that hath no hole at the top5then fet the bot- tom vedell a little way into a vedell fil- led with water, and it willfuckc up the water as it cooleth, when the bottome vedell is full, alio the water mounted in that top glade with- ofWaur-Workes* 41 not a vc»t,up to a fitting dcgrcei(thc temper of the wea- ther regarded)thcn deprefle (but gently) theglaftes into thevcflcll ofwatcrjuntillthe water bee come up intothe ghflTe with the vent at the top fufficicnc!y,that is/o that in both the glalTcs may be contained fo much water as will fill the (hank of one,and about two or three degrees ofthc other-then turn the cock,and take away the vcflcll of wa- ter from under them,let them down,8c fatten the bottom vcflell unto the bottom of the frame, and make a rocke a- boutic,or els what other works you plcafe, that the are may not be difccrncd:laftly,fet figures upon both,but firft upon that without the vent,beginning from the bottom, and proceeding upwards, then lay your hand upon the head of it, which will dcprefsc the water, which when it commeth eqoall to the degrees,paftc the fame degree on the place of the water in the other glafse with thevent,and it is done. APterthc fa Tie manner is the treble glafse made : but vhcreas in the double glafse there was but one glafse that had a vent at the top, there is t wo in this,both whofc fhankes muft containc the iuft quanti- ty ofwatcr that the glafse without the vent will con* taine. If you doc well obferve the forme of thefubfe- quent figure,you cannotgocaraifsc. TbefirflBooke How to make the moveable perpen- dicular glajfe. tjlrft prepare the glafse A, B,fill it alraoft top full ojf wa- ter,provide alfothe glafse K, L, having a loope at the top of it: divide it into fo-many equal parts as you would have degrees, and on the mouth thereof faftcnathinne board,that will cafily flip in and out of the bottom glafse, ofWater-Worhs* 43 make then a weight of lead or braffe fomewhat heavier than both the glade and board fanned thereto; and then tic a little rope to thcloopeof the glade A,B, and the weight at the other end thereof Rarific the «re contained in the glafle it into the glade A, B , filled with watcr5and hang the plummet over tWo little pulleys faftncd in a frame made for the purpofc, and as the glafle KjLjCoolcthjthe water will afeend the fame,and to by the change of the outward both the glafle & water will moue accordingly. 44 TbefirftBooke Ofthe ufe of aU thefever all forts of y iv sat her glaffes: ALbcit the forms of weather glalTcs are divers, ac- cording to the fancy of the the ufc of all is one and the fame: to vvif, to demonftratc the ftate,and temper of the feafon, whet her hot or cold; as ai- to forefhew the change and alteration thereof. I Note therefore,that the nature and property of the water in all the glafTes that have no vent holes at the top, is,to afeend with cold,and defeend with heat. But in them that have vents,it defeendeth as ranch as it afeendeth in thefc* a The hidden falling of the water is an evident token bfrayne- 3 The continuance of the water at any one degree, is a certaine token that the weather will continue at that flay it is then at,whether it be fayr or foulc,froft or fnow. But when the water cither rifeth or falleth, the weather will then prefentiy change. 4 The unccrtainemotion ofthe water is a figne of fic/ klc,and uncertain weather. The (ingle perpendicular with a vcnt,movcth upwards with cold,and downwards with heat,and is quite contra, ry in quality to the fotmer, oncly that it moveth uncer- tainly in fickle and uncertain weather,and kcepech a con* ftant place in flayed weather. Thefe rules are all certaine and true: now you may ac* cording to your ownobfervationframe other rules,wher- by you may foretell the change of the weather, the water being at anyone degree whatfoever, ofWater-Workes, 45 JfWaterclocki or a Glajfe[hewing the houreoftbe day. T Et there be provided a dccpvcflcl of cartb.orany thing will hold water, as A. B, C,D, provide al* fo a glafle made after the falhio of the figure marked with the letters K, G,G. It muft be open at the bottomc, and havealfo a fmall hole at the top, thorow which if you can but put the point of a needle, it is fufiici- ent. This glafle muft not be fo long as the vcflell is decp,by about two inches. Then take a juft meafure of the length of the glade K, G, G, and fet it on the infide of the veflell A,B,C,D, from the bottom towards the top, and then make a rafe round about the veflell* there muft be fitted unto this earthen veflell,a pipe reaching from the top of thcoutfidc thereof, where there muft bee a cock unto it) and going to the bottom, where it entreth the fame, and againe extendeth itfeifealmoft unto the circle or markerafifd on the vcftell A, B,C, D. Fill then the veflell with fairc water up to the rafe, or circle, and turne the :ock, and put the glafle into the water, and you (hall fee that the glafle by reafon of its hcavinefle, will tend toward the bottom ofthevef- fcll, but very flowly, by reafon t bat the ay re contained therein hath fo fmall a vent: turne an houre-glafle, and at 46 The firft Booh the end of each houre make a mark upon the glalfc equal with the water, and it is done. When the glade is quite funkc to the bottom of the water, turnc thccockc, and with one blaft ofyour mouth at the pipe, it will afeend againc. Another fajbioned one« pRcpare a vcffcll,as A,B,G,D,having a very fmall cock unto it, whofe padage ought to be fo fmall, as that the water might idue out but by drops. Prepare likewife a vcdcll, as E.F.G, H, having at one end ofit apillerofa foot and a haife, or two foot high: let there be fitted on- to this vcdcll a board, fo that it may freely without flay, flip up and downe: towards one fide of this board, there muft be a good big ho’c, which muft be placed under the cock of the other vcdcll. Then faften unto the top of this board, the image of Time or Death, and pointing with a dart upon the pillcr aforefaid: turne then an houre gladc,andattheend of every houre, make a figure on the place of the pil- lcr that the image with his dart poin- teth atj&itismadc. For note, the drop- ping of the water out of the cock tho- rowthc hole of the board whereon the image ftandeth cau- feththe fame to af- eend by litle&litle. Mark the figures. of Water Workcs. 47 Another artificial Water-clock, which my bee Jet conveniently in a double Weather -glaffe. pit ft prepare a ccftcrnc,as A,B, C, D, having a partiti- -*• on in the middle, let there bee made two pipes, the one whereof muft reach out of the upper ccfternc and delccod almoft to the bottom of the lo weft ccftcrn5a$ f ,K$ the other muft be a (hort one,and have a very ftmll hole, that the water may thereby iftuc out of the upper ceftcrn but by drops 5 alfo at the fide nigh the bottom of the up- per eeftern, let a (mall pipe enter; To the upper cefterne fit a board, ( with a peece of lead nailed upon it to make it fomewhat heavie)fo that it may eafily flip up and down in it i this board muft have a loop to fatten a ropeuntos and you muft fo poyfc the fayd board, that it being hung up by aline, may hang even, and level). Thcnpreparca box to put over the eeftern, which ought to ftand about fixe inches above thcccfternr* In the top of this box lee there bee fattened a long pulley with a crevice to put a (hull rope over 3 in this crevice it were fitting to fatten final! pins, to the end that the rope might turnethefayd whecle as the water fallcth from under the board: let the fpindleofthis pulley come out at cme fide of the boxc whereon there is a Dyall drawne, containing fo many hourcs as you would have it go for; unto this end of the fpindle let there be fitted a dire&or,to fhew the hourej then put a finallcord over the pulley in the box, fatten one end thereof to the loop of the board,and at the other end let there bc.tyed a waight not quite fo hcavie as th$ board, then fill the upper cefterne with water, and 48 7be fir ft Booke the board will prcile it out into the lower vefTcli, at the pipe O, drop by drop, and as the board fin* kerh low* cr, it will bymeanes ofthc rope upon the pully,turn the index faftned u« to the fpin die of the pulley a- bout the Dyall i you may fet it by an houre-glafleor Watch: when it is quite downe, if you doe with your mouth blow into the pipe at the fide of tbcccftcrn,thc water will all amount up againe into the upper ccftcrn, jiypbcele which being turned about, it cafletb water out at the ft in die. T Et A, B,be a tub,having in the bottom a brafle barrel!, ~ with a hole open quite thorow one fide of it: let D, ofWater-Wcrkes. 49 E,F,be a whecle, whole fpindle mud bcc alfo hollow, and have a hole thorow one fide ofir, fo that being put into the hollow barrel, both the holes may be cquall together. Note then, that fo long as thefe holes arc equal! together, the water wil run out at the fpindle ) of the Tub, but if you turne the wheele to another fide it will not run. or the mounting of water by comprefiion, LEt there be provided a barrell of brafle, of what length and widenefle you plcafe, let it bee exactly fmooth within, and very tight at bottom $ unto this barrell fit a plug of wood leathered about, and let there be made divers fmall holes quite thorow it, where- in fatten divers formes and lhapes of birds, beafts, or fifties, having very fmall pinholes thorow them, for the water to fpin out at.* you (hall doc well to make this plug very hcauy, cythcr by pouring molten lead into certaine holes made for the purpofe, or elfe by faftmng fomc weight unto the top: fill the barrell with water,and put the plug into it, which lying fo hcauy upon the water, 50 Thefirfl Booh it will make it (pin out at the pin-holes of the images pla- ced thereupon. How to compofe a great or little peece of Water-worke. FIrft prepare a Table, whereupon crc&a firong frame, and round about the frame make a moat with a lea- den ceftcrnto be filled with water jlctthelcadcn moat fomewhat undermine as it were the frame, whichoughc to be built in three ftorics, one above another, and every ojWaUr-Vforb.es', 51 one letter than another. Within the middle ftory fatten a very ftrong lack that goeth with a waight, or a ttrong fpring,thecndingof whofcfpindles ought to be crooked, thusZ, whereby divers fweeps for pumps may bee mo- ved toandagaine, whofe pumps mutt godowninto the moat, and have fmall fuccurs unto them, and convayan- ccs towards their tops, whereat the water may be moun- ted into divers cefterns, out of fome vrherof there maybe made conveyances in thc>r bottoms, by fmall pipes run- ning down into the river or moat again, and there break- ing out in the falhions and formes of Dragons, Swans, Whales, Flowers, and (uch like pretty conceits; out of others the water may fall upon whccles, out of whofe fpindles the water turning round, may bee made to run. In theuppermoft ftory of all, let there be made the forcer by ayre, as I taught before, or elfc a preffer,having at the top, Neptune riding on a Whale, out of whofe nofthrils, as alfo out of Neptunes Trident, the water may be made tofpin through fmall pin-holes ; you may alfo make di- vers motions about this work, but for that the multitude of figures would rather confound than inftruft the Rea» dcr, I have ofpurpofe omitted them. 52 Tbefirfl Booke %J 53 AN Appendix unto the Firft Parc. Chap. i. may remember I have told you for. mcrIy* l^at watcr onc of the fourc Elc. ments, is a maffie fubtile fubftanccj now liygj every hcauy thing wee know tendeth naturally downward , fo that if it had fek * a paffageunto the middle or center of the earth, thither it would run,there it would abide. I taught you likewife, the ufe of the Crane pipe, which is called by fome the Philofophers Engine, whereby water may bee convaycd from a Fountaine, norwithftanding the Inter? pofition of Hills and Mountaincs: this considered, that the place unco which you would convey the water, lye fomewhat lower than the Fountaine,which may eafily be cfayed by divers inftruments,principally the Geometrical Square: fo the place may be viewed from the Fountaine, or both the place and the Fountaine may be viewed from 54 yin Appendix any Tower Church or Hill, that is betwixt both. The defeription and ufc of which inftrument, fince it is both cafic and common, it will bee needlefle formcc to dc- feribe. This is the naturail courfe of water,but there is a fccond kinds of conveyance of water, which we call artificial!, whereby by Engins artificially contrived, we cither draw or force up water, tofome higher place or places to bee thence conveyed unto any place defired. Thcie Engines receive their motion divers wayes. Firft,by the ftreame of the fame River, wherein they are placed. Secondly, by theWindc. Thirdly, by Horfcs, Fourthly by a Crane- mill, and laftly by divers Pumps* Forces, and fuch like Inventions. You may remember likewife, that I have formerly told you, that no water workc can be compofcd without Succurs, Forcers, Clacks, either or every them, And now I will not infift upon what I have formerly ipo- ken, but referre you for that unto my former bookc, and proceed to the defeription of fome things of more fcruice and difficult compofure.Firft,I will deferibe other Clacks, and Succurs, teach their divers application, and then I will deferibe certainc Milles and Engines. Firft,for moun- ting of water to be conveyed to remote places, for divers ufes, fccondly for dreining of Medowes > thirdly, for quenching of fire in buildings, and laftly, for recreation and delight. Chap. BY the letter A, isfignifycdaSuccur, made after the ufuall manner,faviog that it hath an edge round about the bottom ofit: which edge or btm hath divers little unto the firftBookel 55 holes in it, whereby to naile it upon any part,where need requiretb. B, fignifieth a peecc of Timber made fquarc, and perforated to naile the Succur upon. C, fignifieth a grate to be nailed upon the bottom ofthe faid peece of timber, noted with the letter B The ufc of this grate is to kcepe gravel!, ftrawes, and dirt, from afeending with the water. D, demonftrateth another fort of Succur which accor* ding unto the StrefTe of the workc, unto which it is to be applycd,may bee made either ofbraffeor wood, the In. vcncion I conceiuc to be very commodious, and for ufc moll excellent, elpeciatly in greater workes, and that for thiscaufe. That upon all occafions of diforderor raif- chancc, it may with eafe be opened and (hut without any farther trouble unto the worke. D, I fay fignifieth a box made fourc fquarc,and of a convenient bignefle according unto the widenefle of the bore of the barrcll whercunto it is robe annexed (indeed it ought to bee ca ft with the barrel.,) Vpen two fides ofit,nr.uft be two fmall eminences with holes through them, whereby to pin the cover on faft j there mud be a hole through one fide of it, to give the waterpafageinto the barrcll: A fecond hole there mutt be on the other fide, to fend the water up the mainepipe: a third hole there mutt be in this boxc at the bottom, to give the water admittance into the workc, by meanes of a clack or pallet, that is fattened upon it. Now the bottom of this box mutt be made reclining wife, that is higher on the One fide than on the other. E, fignifieth the lid which hath two holes ,s to put over the two cmi- nencesonthefides of the box and pinned clofc downc. Note that you mutt put good liquered leather doubled betwixt the box and the lid,which ferveth to keep it tight* An Appendix F, fignifieih a barrel! of bra fie, made to skrewon any part with one fignificth a, coyer that is to bee rfigura 1 (odcrcd upon the other end, this cover muft have a hole jhoftdin give the water ingrefle into the work. G, unto the fir ft Books 57 fignifieth a clack or pallet to be faftned upon the infide of the cover H. I fignifieth another Succuror rather pallet, and it is a box made of brafle, having a bottom with a hole in it,and over it muft be reveted a pallet or clack ;thc bottom of this box muft be made higher on the one fide than on the o- thcr, fo that being naylcd to any perpendicular or ere& Handing barrel!,it may incliqe fomewhat, as may appeare by the figure. The application of thefe clacks and fuccurs is fo to bee contrived as they may fuit with the convenience for the worke, Sometimes at the Tides of the barrels, fometimes at the bottomjjfn like mannew-Torcestnay be made to move cither horizontally or perpendicularly, according unto the convenience of the worke, or the invention of the Artift and Engineer. Chap, Rivers there are, which according unto their propinquity or remotenefle from their mother Sea, run and rcturnc (I meaneebbe and flow) morcorlcffc ; whole force and ftream in fomc is of its own accord, fuffi- cientto mount its proper water, as may be lecne at the Watermill or Engine ncare the North end of London Bridge: which Engin by the ebbing and flowing of the Thames, doth mount the fayd Water unto the topof a Turret, and by thatmeanes iris convcighed above two miles in compafTe, for the ufe and fervice of that City. Which Engin I circumfpe&ivcly viewed,as I accidental- ly pa{Ted by,immediately after the late fire that was upon fhe Bridge Anno the device Teeming very good, An Appendix Fgafb* a unto tbsfirfl Books, 59 when I came home I drew a model! theretif, and have here prefented it unto the view. A,B, C,D, E,E, G, H, I, K, L,M,doefigniticaframc ftrongly made of Timber,X X,fignific the water whecle, theGudginsofthis wheelcmuft befec to turnc in ftrong brafle fockct$,firmely fet in the two middle beames of the Frame I,K, L, M. The endsofthefaid Gudgins,muft be made to reach a good way over the beames, and they rauft be made fquaretowards their ends, and have each a handle pinned faff on. Then in the middle beames I, K, L,M, muff like wife be fattened another ftrong whcclc,as P, which mu ft have as it were a fpoak, reaching out from it, upon the lower fide. There muft alfo be another halfc or 3. quarter whcclc, as O placed dire&ly above it, whofe Diameters mu ft be ofonenze or proportion .* di redly under the utmoft edges of thefewhecles muft befirmcly fet two ftrong barrels of brafle or iron, which is of more durance as W, Weaving each of them a fticcur caft with the barrels, thefe barrels muft bee bound faft unto two pofts of the frame, with two ftrong yron bands, as T T, to the end they may not ftirre: unto each of thefe muft be fitted a force well leathered, and in the tops of the for- ces muft be fet two pieces of wood, two foot long, and about two inches thicke, and to the tops of them muft Be linked two chaines of iron: which muft be linked flraighc up to the two ends of an iron band, that muft compafle the circumference of the uppermoft wheek noted Q: a long and ftrong wooden barre muft come over the han- dle of the maine whecle, and upon the fpoake of the wheels P, this barre is noted with R R R. N, N, N, figs nifiethe Pipes whercinto the water is forced.Thefe pipes carry the water to the top of a Turret ncare adjoyniog 60 An Appendix unto the Engin,and there being ftrayned, thorow a clofc wycr grate, itdefeendeth into the maine wooden pipe, which is layd along the ftreers, and into it are grafted di- vers frailer pipes of lead, ferving each of them to the ufc and fcrvicc of particular perfons. Chap* 4. The Defeription ofafecond Engin for a Tyde-water. THis Mill I have in part deferibed in my former Bookc , And therefore I (hall not need to make repetition of that which I have there fpo~ ken. The Figure it fclfe is plaine, and needeth little or no explication: nevcrthclelTc,that I may give every one content, take thus much in bricfc. A A,B B, fignifyeth theframej G C, the water Wheele* DDD, two hol- low pofts whercup the Water is driven • E E, the ccfter n wherin the water is driven up.F,one Whcele in the Wclj G, another whcele at the top of the pofts. The Water turning about the whcele C C, that turneth the wheele 11, the whcele 11, turneth the wheeles G, K, and F, and fo bymeanes ofachainc that is linked over the wheele G,and under the whcele F, the water in the Well by ccr- taine leathers that arc upon every 6« or 8. linke of the chainc, isbomeupone of the barrels into the ccfterae E F, and thence it dclccndcth by M. unto thefirjl Booke. Fifj,:? 1"3 62 jin Appendix Chap. 5. T) Ve now for Rivers that is more remote, there is no much lcfle forcible returne or regoing back of the water, nor are the ftreames in clivers fufficicntly vio- lent, to give motion unto a mill or engin; except they be adjuvatedandaffifted by fome ingenuous device. In places where Millcsarc in the Country, there arc ponds or mill- heads (for fo they call them) which containe great (lore of water; a nd the fame (by (luces) is in fome let downe fhclvingly upon the lower part of the mill whcclcs, in o- ther places where they have not fuch plenty of water,and wherethe milles Rand lowera good deale than the heads, the water descending from on high through fome fpour, falleth dire&ly upon the maine wheele, fo a little water thus artificially difpofed, is of as great equivalence to the driving about of the Mill, as a greater ftreame. i The Dtfcription of a Mill for a River leaterl A A A, C, D, E, fignifyeth the frame of the Worke, or **Mill5 MM, fignifyeth the water wheele; TTT, ccrtainc frames that are let into the Axle tree, noted R R, for to mooue the forces withall; X Y, the two forces which muft be fattened or linked unto two timber beams, as VV,ZZ, fignifyeth a beame that is faftned at each end of the worke; in this beame is pinned a peece of Tim. her, as N N; fo that it may move to and againe: unto each end whereof, muft be linked achaine, and the other ends ofthechaines muft be linked unto the two beames whcrcunto the forces are linked: L L, the Pipes that feed unto the ftrfl Emke. & 4 64 An Appendix the forces with water, one whereofyou muft fuppofe to be hid behindethe frame GG, the two Pipes by which the water is forced up to any high place to bee difpofed thence,and conveyed to any defired place or places. Mark the Figure, Cha p. 6. The Defcription of another Fnginfor a Rimay fall dirc&ly upon the eruption of the flame. Their deferiptions fol- low, firft (uch as I havefeenc ufed, thcnfuchas I conceive to be noleflc ufcfull than the former. They confift for the itaoft part offerees. One I have deferibed in my former Booke; it remaincth onely, that I inclofc it in a cafe or ce- fterne to put the water in, and to be drawnefrom place to place, as neceflSry requireth. A fecond Engin 1 have feene in ufe, not much unlike the former; The difference betwixt both, is onely this; brafleof this is poyfed with two fwccps, and the other but with one. • For u(e I account the other altogether as good as this, unto the firfl Bookel 71 nay rather the betrer of the two 5 bccaufc that this, being wrought upon by twofcverall perfons, they cannot al- wayes keepe a juft time one with the other in fetching their ftroafccs, but they will ftrikefooncr fometimes, and fometimes later, the one than the other. The Defeription of a third Engin, A A, fignificth a ceftern, B, a barrcll ofyron or brafle faftened in the midft of the cefterne, with a force fit- ted unto it; this barrel! muft bee made to turnc up out of the cefterne at C, DD, abeame that lycfhalong the top of the cefterne, and it is made with a joynt E, to lift up and downc $ in the middle of this beamethete muft be made a mortife hole, wherein the point muft be joynted, as may be feene at F : G G, doc fignifte two 72 An Appendix handles whereby to lift up the beame, which being lifted up, will with itdra w the force up alfo, and Co the water in the ccfterne, will come up into the barrell, at the Succur that is at the bottom of it noted H; row the beame fai- ling downe, preffeth the water violently out at the pipe I, at the top of the ccftcrn : Z Z,two holes whereat the ce- ftern tnuft continually be fupplyed with water. The Definition of afourth Engin. f j4 A, fignifieth a ceftern, B B, a beame that is joyn« 41 ted at I, C C, two pieces of timber faftned in the beame, unto the lowermoft end of one ofthepccccs noted C, the force is linked and it is noted with the letter D, within the ceftcrne E E, a barre of iron that holdeth C C, and B, together; F,thc barrellof the force, faftned within two or three inches of the bottom of the ccftcrn, at the end whereof mud be a clackc or pallet as H G , a braffe barrell that procecdeth from the barrcll of the force K, the pipe dut of which the water is forced, L L, two holes tofupply the water at. The Defeription of a fifth Engirt* AA,fignificth accftcrne, B,another ccfternc pla- ced upon one end of it, C, a force, D, the forces barrciljWith a hollow pyramid box fodcrcd to the top of it, K, the Pipe for the water to be forced out at. At the bottom of the ccftcrn B, there muft bee a pallet er unto tbefirfl Booh• 73 f&lpjZVL 74 An Appendix ' click as E, which muft pafTe through the fide of the ce* fterne B, and enter the barrell of the Force; F, a peecc of timber placed athwart, one end of the lower ccftern, let in at both ends with Gudgins, that it may curnc round, lathe raidft of this, there mud fcfe a mortifejand in it muft be faft pinned another peecc of timber, noted with GGj in the middeft whereof muft be joynted an yroh rod no- ted with H H: theuppermoftendofthisrod, muft bee joynted unto a heavie peecc of Timber as 11; which pccce ofcimber,tnuftbe hanged alfo on theccfterne, by a joynt under K,fo that it may bee lift up, and !ec fall do wnc: L L t wo handles to lift the timber beame up by. Note that if you lift up the fayd beame 11, the force draw- eth the water out of theccftcrn B, into the barrell D,and when you let flick the beame, the weight thereof fquir- teth the water moft violently out of the barrell at the pipe K. Xbe D'fcription of a fixth Engin• A A fignifyeth a cefterne 5 B ,a hole to put the wa- ter in at 5 C G C C, a gate to move to and again 5 D D, a ipindle (landing upright in the ccftern to- ward the gate end ; EE E, a ftrong femicircular yron, which beingfaftened unto the gate, the ends thereof muft turne up, and be put through two holes of an iron birre, that mud piffe through the top of the fpindlc. In the bot- tom of the fpindle there mud alfo bee fadened another ftrong iron birre as 11, unto each end whereof mud bee !inkedaforce? K fC, the two barrels of the aforefayd for- ces, having inlet pallets at their ends .• T. a box at the top ofthe ends ofch: forcers barrels fCFC, this box hath two mto the flfft Booke 75 clacks at the bottom anfwcring unto two holes made in the/ay d barrels ; S S,a pipe that procccdcth from the box T, this pipe cmreth a pyramid box at the top of the cc- fierne, and in it is placed a fuccur. V, a pipe proceeding from the top of the pyramid out of which the water is forced. The Defcripion of a Jerventh Engin. T His Engin I have defcribed in the feventh Chap- 1 ter of this Trcatifc, to which Ircferrcyou,and whereas it is fayd in the Chapter to convey Water. A A A A figoifieth the body of the Mil!, B B B theSayles, CC the Spindle of the Sayles, M a wheele fattened upon the Spindle, D D another Spindle having two wheeies fattened unto if, one at the top noted with K,and another at the bottorae noted with P, this fpindlc is made to turne in the maine Pillcr, upon which the body of the mill is made to turne 5 the fay d pil- ler is noted with III I. The Whecle Pmoveth twoo- thcr wheeies noted each of them with L: tbefe two wheeies turne two chaincs that are put over them. R the Ladder to goe up to the Mill. S S a Scaffold whereon the mill is placed. V V a battlement round about the top of the Scaffold, unto the inner fide of this Scaffold, are fattened divers yron rings, unto which by mcancsofa cord that is to be fattened unto the Ladder noted R, the Mill is to bee bound way foever thcWindc fit- teth. Markc the Figure following. [unto the firfl Booh: 79 jin Appendix Chap. 10. Of and Delight; in Generali. THree principall wayes there are , of compofing Garden workesfor Recreation and delight ; The firft is, when the water by its naturall and proper courfe, being conveyed by Pipes from fomc higher place, breaketh out forcibly in the defeent. Secondly, when there is a Reaming water pafling through a Garden, fuffi* cienttogivc morion unto an Engin, which Engin nay be made to mount the fayd water by forces or otherwife, as I have already fufficiently taught; which water beeing mounted, may in its defeent produce fundry motions for divers dclightfull objc&s. The third is, when the wafer lying remote and level!, is cytherdrawne byfome device in the Garden and fo for- ced to fome higher place, or elfe forced by fomedevicc at the Fouutaineto fbme high Turret, and conveyed thence unto the plate by pipes unto fome artificial! invention. The water being oncemounted, iemayferve forallboth ordinary and extraordinary ufes,the mainc pipe being di- vided into branches, each b/anch having its cock. Indeed there is not any thing whereby one may with more eafe produce fo many fundry and contrary motions, than by water mounted: for (as I have fayd)it is of a maffie fubtile fubftance, and being captivated, fecketh to free it felfc by every paffage, though never fo little, and being interrup- ted in its way by the interpofition ofwhceles, it beareth unto the fir ft Booke 81 them forward, or fwaycth them do wnc more or Icfle vio- lently; Firft,according unto the quantity of the mounted water; Secondly, according unto the wideneffc of its paflage; and laftly, according unto the difiance and fiitu- ationof the fayd whcelcs, from the place of its eruption: thefe greater wheelcs being moved they move leffer, and the Icflcr being moved by thegreater, by devices artifici- ally app!yed,may produce other founds and antique imitations, according unto thefancieand in- vention of the Artift or Engineer. The whole may be contrived into a kindeof a CrofTe, befit with ftately fiatucs, in feverali fiories one abovea- nother, the water afeending the midft, and privately def. cendingupon certaine whecles, which may turne other wheelcs, whereupon may be fixed divers images; and fo there will be a circular motion. By turning certaine lower cocks, or drawing backe (huts, other motions may bee made. ; Or dfc it may be contrived into a Rock, which may have a doore for the Gardiner to enter in at, who bccing throughly acquainted with the fame, may by turning of Cocks or whcelcs or drawing backe (huts,pa(Te the water from fide to fide, according as the motions are made to move* The Rock may bee fet forth with the lhapei of Serpents, Bcafts, and other,either dreadfull or delightfull fpe&acles. Some receiving motion,others changing their pofturc, either from the water, or clfe from the whcelcs that force the water. Or it may be contrived into a Rock bedeft with (hels, glade, and glifieringfiones, rudely and confufcdly com- piled : on the out fide within the Rock, may bee made a pretty conceited Dining reome, hanged withTapifhy,or An Appendix wildly and antiquely painted. Mufick alfa may bee pri- vately difpofed upon one fide of the rootne. This roomc may be made, fo as it may be changed in an inftant, and that more than once or twice, and the Mufick to change accordingly. Or it may be contrived into a Fountainc befet with di- vers naked figures. Or you may place divers Images in fundry and fcvcrall parts of the Garden, the more antique and ridiculous,the more plcafant and delightful!, Thcfe being made hollow or perforated in divers parts, the water may befent unto them, by turning of divers ftock cocks, and fo (pin out thereat, fo that the ignorant perfon can walk no where to gape about, but he fhall bee wafticd when foe ver the Gardiner plcafcth, or if his owne follly be fuch as to bee medling with what he is unacquainted withal!. Chap, ii? Of Voice Cryes, and Sounds} IT is ncccffary to fpcake foracwhatin this Booke, of Voyccs, Callcs, Crycs, and Sounds. They arc known among forae Shopkeepers, by the names ofCallcs, and there arc long white boxes of them, which arc tran- fported hither from Prance, each box containing eleven in number, the names whereof follow. A Cooko A Peacock A Bitern A Lcurat A Stag A Quaile A Small Bird A Hare A Drake A Hedgehog A Fox. mtotbtftrft Books. 83 They arc very feldomefotd alone, and altogether * very dearc rate. There is no difliculty in their making# nevcrtheleffe for to fat'ufie the cxpc&ation of* fome* I have not oncly fet downe their Figures, but alfo expli- cated the fame fo as I thought needfull. Certaiue o- tbers there are, that I found out when I made the forena- med, and I doubt not but if another (ball efTay to make themagainc, hemayadde fome other unto their num- ber. Of the QookoPips. pirft you muff turne a peecc of wood hollow, like unto a ftecle ftickc, about three inches deepe. Let the Dia- meter of the hollowpcffc towards the top, be about one inch and a quarter or leffc, make then a ffoppie unto if, about a quarter of an inch thicke, cut a little flip from off one fide of it- The put it into the mouth of the other tur- ned wood, and cut a little Iquare hole in thefayd turned peecc, fo that the lower fide of the fayd hole may bee equal! with the bottom that you put in. Then bore a ftnalj hole in the round end of the hollo * turned wood, about thebigneffeofthetag of a point, bore alfo fuch another in the middle of the bottom that you put in. Then held it between your thumbe and middle finger, with the flat end towards your mouth, and blow into the pipe hole oi the fame, obferving this ;That your blaft muff be doubled according unto the number of the Syllables that the voice doth containc, as Coo-ko \ now towards the end of the fecond fyllable, you muff flop the to p of your fore, finger, upon the hole of the round end of the pipe, which maketh the fecond fyllable found flat, and fo it will give the true and lively found of Cooko: which when it is 84 An Appendix pej;fe& and likcth you, you may glow the bottom faft in; The fame pipe giveth the right and lively found or cry of anOwlc r Hoo ho ho ho hoo, but you muft as I have faid>doubleyour breath according unto the multitude and pronuntiation of the fyllables contained in the faid voice, the firft whereof is long, the three next fborc, and the laft long. A Cock. I Have produced the voice of a Cock out of the former pipe, oncly by boring 4- holes round about the fide, towards the fmallcrend, one oppoficc to the other, and ftoppin g the two little holes at the ends. The Dr ah, Bitern, Hare, Leurat, Peacock and . Hedgehog. 'T'He Pipes that found the Drake, Bitern, Hare, Lcurat* * Peacock and Hcdghog, arc almoft made after one manner, and it is the fize alone that alters the voice, the defeription of which 1 have fet downe in gcncrall as foi- loweth. They confifteaeh ofthem offourefcverall parts,one to be skrevvedor wrung upon another. The fitft part is like the mouth of a Corner, and it is noted with the Letter A; thefecond.isa pceceofwood made hollow quite thorow, into one end whereof the pecce A is to be wrung, and the other end is to be upon another pecce, as C, but this part before fuch time as you wring it on, muft have the fol- io wing brafle faliened in it. Make orcaufe to be made a peece of braffc like unto a Cane fplit in the middle as A, fit a cover unto it, of thin r unto the firfl Boole. 85 yellow lattin fuch as they tag points withall, that it may lye clofc all over the top of the hollowncflc of the afore faid pcecc of brafle. Let this tongue or couer beare a little from thebrafle, towards that end that is clofed. Note that the middlemoft wooden peece,muft be of fuffident wide* neffe for the tongue to piay in without let or hinderancc. The like brafle$, bur of different fizesmuftbe made, for* every of the forenamed Pipes.* for it is the fize of the Brafle (as I have told you) that alters the voice. A Stag and Foxc. THe Stag and Foxc cryes, are made like unto the a. forefaid * only their tongues beare a little more from their brafTes, and there is no cornet mouth upon them. The Hogge, wd Lyon.. THe Hog, Cow and Lyons cryes, may bee imitated after the fame manner as the Stag and Foxes, but the braflesofthefe mutt bee fuller, and the lowcrmoft Wood wherein the brafles mutt be fattened, mutt be longer. j4Plo~< JC a Peacock. H M 1 once deft* fled fince I began this Worke, by reajon of the occurrents of certain Authors, that contrary unto my jligg—knowledge had laboured fo fully herein $ but after confiderattcn had [thatfor the mofl part they were but tranflations) 1 thought it might be no leffe lawful! and commenda- ble for mee than for others > to communicate unto Juch as are yet de (irons of further informationy that wherein I haye beflowed both coft and paints. Nflf- witbftanding, 1 hayefo ufed the matter, as that I might not derogate from the eflimation had of 0- then to increafemine owne. Reade it throughly, judge indifferently, and if thou like flit, praftife considerately• Jftbou art ignorant herein , I am furf it will injlruSl thee, and though well experien* eci thou art) 1 make no queflion, bttttJjM- tbou maifl findefomewhat which thou ban of before j So farewell. • Your Well-wfllcr M- OfFire-workes. Have ever found (in conference with jl|p| vcrs e^rous inftru&ion in any sK®. rt or Sc*cncc whatfoever) that thofc things whofecaufes have been obvious unto apprehenfion, have morc a^e<^ c^c learner. Wherfore I thought good, before I came to the matter it feIfe,to fet downc feme few Praecognid or Principles (as I may fo call them) whereby fuch as are ingenuous, upon occafion, may informc themfelves, if they ftand in doubt of the caufe ofany thing that is here- after taught. Certaine Pucognita or Principles are con* tajned the cau[es andreafons of that which is tamht in this Booke. i !T He'lWi-iSMBehtSjFirc, Ay re,Earth, and Water, ■* are thepnm* pweipid (i meane the material Is ) whereof every fublunary body is compofed, and into the which it is at laft difTolvcd. a Every thing finding a difToHition of thofe nttHra r4te»4J,thacis,meancs whereby their primipi* are conne- cted and joyned together, their lighter parts afeend up- 94 Ybejecond Boole ward, and thefe that arc more grofle and heavy, doc the contrary. 3 Ic is irapoffible for one and the felfe* fame body to poffcfle at one time two places 5 Itfollowcth therefore, that adenfc body rarified,and made thin,eytherby a&u- all or potential! fire, requireth a greater quantity of room to be contcy ned in, than it did before. Hence it is,that if you lay your hand upon having a ftraight mouth reverft into a di(h of water,it rarificththe ay re contayncd therein, and makes it breakc out thorow the water in bubbles. Alfo, that gun-powder inclofed in the barrcll of a gun, being rarified by fire, applycd unto the touch- hole, it feeketh a greater quantity of roome, and therfore forccth the bullet out of the barrell. This is called violent motion. 4 According unto the ftrength and quantity of a denfe body rarified, and according unto the forme and length of its inclofurc, it forceth its compreffcr further or nearer at hand.1 Thus much Qiallfufficc to have fpoken concerning tbe Pr&cognitA: Now I will paffc ad majordyfy ad magis ne- cejftria: to wit, thofc neccffary Inftrumcnts, and fcvcrall forts of Ingredients, that ought to be had in readinefle. As for the inftrumcnts they arc thefe; Morters and Pcftlcs,Screes, alfo fcvcrall forts of Formers,Paper,Parch- ment, Canvas, Whipcord, ftrong binding thread, Glcw, Rofin, Pitch, with divers vcficls meet to containc and mingle your compofitions in. The ingredients likewife arc chiefly thefe, Saltpeter, Rochpctcr, Sulpher, Char- coalc, good Gunpowder, Filings of ftcclc, oyle of Peter, and fpiritofWinc. ofFire-worfos: 95 JnflruBionsfor cbufngyour ingredients. O Alfpcteris very good,if that being layd upon a board, fire put to, it rife with a flamed ventofous exhala- tion ray fing no feum, nor leaving no pearly but oneiy a blackcfpcckc burnt into the boord. The beft brimftonc, is quick brimftone,or live fulphur. and that fort is beft that breaketb whiteft 5 if this cannot begotten, take of the whiteft yellow brimftonc. The beft Coalcs for ufe are the fallow, willow, hazell and beech; oneiy fee they be well burnt. Every of thefe ingredients muft be powdred finely and fcarfed. All kindcs of gunpowder are made of thefe ingredients imparted, or incorporated with vineger, or aquavits, and afterward grayned by art. The Saltpeter is theSoule,the Sulphur the Life,and the Coalcs the Body of it.The beft fort of powder may be diftinguifhed from others,by the k fignes .* 1 If it be bright and incline to a blewifh colour. a If in the handling it prove not moy ft but avoydetb quickly. 3 If being fired, it flafli quickly, and leave no dregs nor fctlingsbehindc it. A device to try the flrengtb of diversforts of Gunpowder, lEfobeyouhavcatany time divers forts of Gunpow. •■dcr, and it is your defire to know which ofthem is the ftrongeft, then you muft prepare a Box, as A, B, being fqure inches high, and about two inches wide, having a 96 Tbefecond Booh lid ioyntcd unto it. The box ought to be made of yron; brafte, or copper, and to bee faftned unto a good thick plank, and to have a touch hole at the bottom, as O, and atthat end ofthe box where the hinge of ehchd is, there muft ftand up from the box a pecce of yron or brafle, in length anfwerablc unto *he ox *’ Pcccc . yron muft have a hole quite thorow it, towards the nop, and a fpring, as A,G, muft bee ferewed or riveted, fo that the one end nuy cover the fayd hole. On the top of all this i. ron, or braffc that ftandtth up from the box, there muft bee joynted a pecce of iron (made as you lee in the figure)thc hinder part of which is bent down- ward, and entreth the hole that the fpring covercth $ the other part refteth upon the lid of the box. Open this box lid, and putin a quantity of powder, and then fhut the lid down, and put fire to the touch hole at the bot- tom, and the powder in the box bceing fired, will blow the box lid up the notches more or kfle, according as the ftrength of the powder is: fo by fyring the (ame quantity ofdivcrskmdcscfpowdeis at fcverall times, you may know which is the ftrongeft. Now perhaps it will bee cxpc&cd that I (hou'd fpeak of the making of Saltpeter, Gunpowder, Coales, with the refining of Sulphur: but bccaufe they are fo commonly to bee had , and to bee bought at better rates than I know they can bee made by any that intend it for their private ufe, I have forborne it: There sue divers I am furethat would willingly bee in ojFire-worhes. 97 a£Bon: I have thought fitting therefore to fee downc the collc&ion of naturall Saltpeter, which is a kinde ofwhite cxcrefcence growing upon ftone wallcs, and (as I have iccne great ftorej in the arches of (tone bridges. Firft therefore gather this white excrefcence, and adde unto it Quick lime, and A(hes, mingle them, and put them into ahalfetub that hatha hole to draw the liquor out at; then put into this halfe tub water, and letic Hand untiil all tbc peter be difTolved ; let it then drainecurat the holeby little and little, and iftheliquor be not cleere, double a brown paper, and'put it within a tunnell, and ftrainc the liquor through it. Then boy kit andfeumit untiil it be ready to congeale, ncithertoo hard, nor ytt too tender: then take itfrom the fire, and put it into dial- low veflels, either of earth or brafle- fee them in a cold place twoor threedayes,and it will (boot into yficlcs,and this is called Rochpeter. Thus much for the ingredients. Now I am come unto the Formers, the number whereof I cannot certainly determine, becaufcit dependeth upon the variety ofeach particular perions invention. New that I may formally proceed, I will firft make feme di- ftin&ion of each kindein gcnerall; and then I will fpeakc of every particular contained in each general!. Fire- works are of three forts. 1 Such as operate in the ayre, as Rockers, Serpents, Raining fire, Stars,Petards,Dragons,Fire drakes,Fiends, Gyroncls, Fircwhecks,or Balloons. 2 Such as operate upon the earth, as Crackers, Trunks, Lanterns, Lights, Tumblingbals, Sauciffons, Towcrss Caftics, Pyramids, Clubs, Lances, Targets. 3 Such as burn in or on the water,as Rockets,Dolphins, Ships, Tumbling bals, Mermaidcs. Thefecond Booke Part of either of the three kindes are fimplc, and part arc compounded; part alfo arc fixed, and part moueablc. Firft, l will treat of the diucrscompoflrions, and then of the Formers, Coffins, and manner of compiling eucry of them. Of the diners compoftiom of Fire-works, Fir ft, of the compoficions of fire-workes,for the ay re ; and therein firft I will fpeake of the compofitions for rockets, becaufe that all moueablc firewarkes have their motion from the force ofthem accordingly applyed. Qompofitions for pockets of allfi%es> according unto the prefeription of the noted Profe fors, as Mr. Malthas, Mr. Norton, andtheFrench Juthour, Des Recreationes Machematques- this from me, whofoeuer thou art thatdefi- reft to be inftru&ed. Ncucr relie abfolutely upon acompolition, nor make many Rockets,or other forts of fire* workes of a corapofition, untill fuchtime as thou haft made triall once or twice of the fame, left that thou mifle of thy aime, but after triall you may proceed and performe your intentions with credit. By the com. pofitions you may makes guefle, and as they proueyou may allay or quicken them accordingly. ofFire.worketi 99 A Compofitionfor pockets of one Ounce* Hr* A kc of gun-powder, faltpeter and charcoale, of each •* one ounce and a halfc, mingle them together, and it is done. Note here,as I told you before, that all your in** gradients ought to be firftpowdred by themfelues, and afterwards mixed very well together. A Qompofitionfor pockets of two andtbree ounces, TAkc of gunpowder fourc ounces and a halfc, faltpetcr one ounce, mixe them together. A Compofition for Rockets of foure ounces. TAke of gunpowder foure pounds, faltpcter one pound, charcoalc fourc ounces, mingle them toge- ther. A Compofition for Rockets offoure ouncesi T* Ake of gunpowder foure pounds.faltpcter one pound, * charcoale fourc ounces,brimftone halfe an ounce,min- gle them together. A Compofitionfor aO middle foed Rockets. TAke ofgunpowder one pound, two ounces of char- coales, mingle them. The fiscond B ooh A Compofoionfor Rockets office or fixe Ounces'* nr Ake of gunpowder two pound five ounccs3of faltpe- A ter halfca pound, oicharcoaic fixe ounces, of brim- ftonc and yronfeales, of each two ounces, mingle them. \A Qompoftion for Rockets of ten or twelve Ounces* TAkc of gunpowder one pound and one ounce, falt- peccr foure ounces, bnmftonc three ounces and a halfc,charcoale one ounce, mingle them. A Compofitionfor Rockets of one pound) or two. ‘T’Ake of faltpcter twelve ounces, gunpowder twenty * ounces, and cbarcoalc three ounces, quick brimftone and fcalesofiron, of each one ounce, mingle them, Qompofition for Rockets of eight, nine, and ten pounds* T Ake faltpcter eight pounds, charcoale two pounds twelve ounces, brimftoneone pound foure ounces. Note that no praftitioner( how exa& (ocvcr)ought torelye upon a receipt, but firft to try one Rocket, and if that be too weakeaddc more gunpowder, if it bee too flrong let him adde more charcoale untill he finde them flyc according unto his defire. Note that the charcoale is oncly to mitigate the violence of the powder,and to make the tayle of the Rocket appearc more bcautifull.Note alfo that the fmallcr the Rockets be, they need the quicker rc. ofFire-workesl 101 »y Vf If f J| % ceiptsand that in great Rockets, there needeth not any gunpowder at all. The Compofition for middle fized Rockets may fervefor Serpents, and for rayning fire, or eliethc receipt for Rodens on the ground, followetnnereafter. ; Qompoftionsfor Starres. . TAke faltpeter one pound,brimftone half a pound, gunpowder foure ounces, this muftbc bound up in paper or little ragges, and afterwards primed. Another receipt for Starres. Take offaltpetcr one pound,gunpowder and brimfton of each halfe a pound • thefc mu ft be mixed together,and of them make a pafte, with a fufficient quantity of oyle of peter, or eUeoffaire water . of this pafte you fbal make little ballcs,and roll them in drie gunpowder duft 5 then dry them, and keepc them for your occafions. Another. Take a quarter of a pintc of aqua vita, and diffolvether* in one ounce, and a halfe of caraphirc, and dip therein cot- ten bumbaft, and afterwards roule it up into little balles* afterwards rowlc them in powder of' quicke brimftone, and referve them for ufc. Thefecond Booh Jnother receipt for S tarns, where of you may make fiends and divers apparitions according unto your fancie. Take gum dragant.put it into an yron pan,& roft it in the Embers ; then powder it, and dilTolve ic afterwards in aqu4 vitat and it will income a jeliie, then ftraine it; difloluealfocamphire in otner aqua vita. Mixe both thefc diffolutions together, and fprinklc therein this fol- lowing powder. Take faltpetcr one pound, biimftonc halfe a pound, gunpowder three pound, ebsreoale halfe a pound; when you have mingled and ftirred them well tegether, mixe them well with the aforefaid jelly, and then make it into little baIlcs,or intowhatfaCbionelfcyou plcafe,thcn cool them in gunpowder duft, and keep them for ufe. Qompoftionsfor receipts offire workeS) that operate upon the earth• P Or Rockets there heedeth onely gunpowder finely ■* beaten and fcarccd. Likcwife for all the other forts, fearced gunpowder will ferue, which may be abated, or alayed with charcoal duft at your plcafurc. Compositions for fire-workes that burne upon or in the Wa- ter. f ofFire-workes. Receipt for Rockett that burne upon the water. Tp1 Akc offaltpetcr one pound,brimflone halfea pound, * gunpowder halfea pound, charcoales two ounces. This compofition will make the Rockets appearc with a great fiery tai e. Ifyouddire to have it burne cleare, t hen take of faU peter one pound.three ounces of gunpow- der, brimftonc halfc a pound. A Receipt ofa compefition that will burnel and feed upon the water. TAkemaflicke halfc a pound, white Frankincenfc, gum, fandrake, quickelime, brimflone, bitumen, camphire, and gunpowder, of each one pound and a haKe, rofin one pound, fjiltpetcr foure pounds and a halfe, mixe them all together. Receipt of a Compofition that will burne under water. Take brimflone one pound, gunpowder nine ounces, refined falrpeterone pound and a ha.fc, camphire beaten with fulphur and Quickfilvcr; mixe them well together with oyle of peter, orlinfccd oyle boyled, untill it will feald a feather. Fill a canvas ball with this compofition, armc it, and ballaft it with lead at the bottomc,make the vent at the top, fire it well and caft it into the water, and it will fume and boyle up (lowly. ThefecondBooke A Receipt of a Compaction that will kindle with the water. Take of oyle of Tile one pound, Linfeed oyle three pounds, oyleofyelksofegges one pound, new quicke lime eight pounds,brimftone two pounds,camphire fourc ounces, bitumen two ounces 5 mingle all together. Another. Take of Rochpetcr one pound,flower of brimftone nine ounces, coaicsofrotten wood fixe ounces, camphire one ounce and a halfc, oyle of Eggcs, and oyle of Tile enough to makethemixture intoa pafle. Or take callamita one pound, falc*niter and afphalrum, ofeach fourc ounces, quicke brimftone three ounces, li- quid varmfh fixe ounces* make them all inro a paftc. Put ey ther of the'fe coropo- (itions into a pot wherein is quicke lime,fo that the lime ccroe round about the paft; then lute it faft, bindc it clofe with wires, and fet it ina limckil a whole baking time, and it will become a ftone that any moifturc will kindle. If you make a hole in the top of an Egge, and let out ail the meat and fill the (hell with the following powder, and flop the hole with wax, and caft it into a running water, it will breakout into a fire. o/Fire-mrkei, 105 Take of falMiitcr, brimftonc, and quick lyme, of each a like quantity, mixe them. How to make flouple, or prepare cot ten-week to prime yourfire-workes with. TAkc corten-week, fuch as the Chandlers ufe for candles,double it fix or (even times double, and wet it throughly in faltpeter water, or aqua viu> wherein fomc camphirc hath becne difiulved,or/or want of either in fairc water; cut it into divers pecces, rowlcit in mealed gunpowder, or ptwdcr andfulphur; then dry them in the Sun, andreferve them in a box where they imy lye ftraight, to prime Starres, Rockets, or any other fire-works. v * Hole to know the true timey that any quantity of fi- red Gun-match (ball doe an exployt at a , time defired. *"PAke common gun-match, rub, or beat the fame a lit- * tic againft a poft to fofeen it; then either dip the fame The fecond Booke 1 in faltpeter water, and dry iragaine in the Sunne, or clfe rub ic in a little powder and brimftonc beaten very fmall, and madcl-quid with a little aqui-vii£} and dryed after- wards * trie firft how long one yard of match thus prepa- red will burnc, which (uppofc to be a quarter of an houre, then foure yards wiij be a juft hourc. Take therefore as much oftnis match as will burne fo long as you will have it to be ere your workc Ihould fire* binde the one end un- to your worke, lay loofc powder under, and about it lay the reft of the match in hollow, or turning fo chut one pare of it touch not another, and then fire it. A Water called Aqua Ardens. 'T*Ake old red wine, put it into a gtaffed vcflelfand put * into it of orpment one pound, quickc fulphur halfc a pound, quickc lime a quarter of a pound ; mingle them very well, and afterwards diftill them in a rofe water ftill: a cloth being wet in this water will burnc like a candle, and will not be quenched with water. The Formers are inftruments wherewith the Coffins for the fire* works are made and formed, whereof in or- der ; and firft for Rockets that operate in the ayre. The Formers for Rockets confift of two parts, reprelented by the two next figures following, the uppermeft whereof reprefenteth rhe body of the Former, which muft be made of Maple, Wallnur tree, or of other clofc and well fcafo- ned wood, or elfc of brafle, feven inches, wanting halfc a quarter in length, turned equally, and exa&ly hollow quite through the D amctcr ofwhofe hollownefle,rcprc- fented by the line at the top marked at each end with a, e, muft be one inch and a quarter 5 the breech of the former 0/ Fire-worfos. 107 is reprefcntcd by the lowed figure,the upper part whereof, mud be made to enter the bo- dy of the Former; the height of the whole breech, befide the broach is 3. inches and a halfc 5 it entreth the body of the Former, one inch and three quarters; the top of it mud bee made like a halfe Nutmeg, in the midft whereof fas Mr.' Mdlthw and des recre- ationtsMatbematiques) there mud beefaftned an yron broach two in- chesanda halfe long: then put the breech in- to the body, and pierce them both quite tho* row as the Figures doc reprefent at G, and H; then make a pin as K, L, to pin them both to- gether, which mud be made to take out at pleafurc: then marke both the body and breech neare the fayd hole with this * or any 108 Thefecond Booke other mark, that you my thereby know how to fit them afterwards, Bat u\tr, Norton wilieth to bore the Roc- kets with a Bodkin after they are made: But the former in my opinion, 1 bold the better. The next figure marked with M, N, doth expreffe both the parts of the former pinned together \ UBto this Former there muft be made one Rowlcrexprcflcd by the figure A ; alfo two Rammers expreffed by the figures G Hjthcy muft all of them be turned very even and fmoothj let the diameter of the thickncflc of the Ro wler etfprcficd by the line on the top marked 11, be three quarters of an ofFire-workes] f Op inch,let it be eight inches long from I, toaj and have a holeborcdinthe very midft of the end, fo wide and fo deepe, that all the broach of the former may enter the fame : this is to rowie the coffin of paper upon. The firft Rammer noted with the figure G, muft bee feven inches and a halfc long, from 3. to 4. and have a hole at the end of it, as the Rowler had; this Rammer is to ram the compofition into the former (having the coffin in it) untill it be rayfed above the broach. The fccond Rammer noted with the figure H,muft be five inches and three quarters long from 5.10 6. and it muft have no hole at the top as the other had * it ferveth to ram the compo- ficion into the coffin, when it is once rayfed above the broach. The diameter of the thicknefTe of thefe two Rammers muft be a thought lefte than the diameter of the Rowler,to the end they may not hurt the coffin,being dri- uenin. Now to make the coffins you muft take paper, parchmenr, or ftrong caavafle, rowie it hard upon the Rowler,fo often untill it will go ftiffc into the body of the Former: then thruft it Rowler and all thorow the fayd hollow body of the Former; put then the broach of the Formers breech into the hole ofthc Rowler, and with a pccce of ftrong packthred choakc the coffin within halfc an inch of the Rowlers end (which you may do bcft,and with moft eafe, if you firft dip the end of the coffin into fairc water, fo that it may be wet quite thorow) after you have choked the coffin, you muft thruft the breech of the Former, the coffiaalfo with the Rowler in it, up into the body of the Former: then pin the breech faft to the body oftheformer with the pin,and on the Rowler give one ftroakc or two with a mallet lightly, then unpin the breech, and with the Rowler thruft the coffin out of 110 Thefecind Booh the bottom of the former, lay it by until! the end be tho- row dry. Thus you may at leifurc times make divers coffins ready to ufc upon any occafion.Thc following figureexprefleth an empty coffin. Take one of thefe coffins, put it into the Former, and take the compofition/or middle fized Rockets (mentio- ned before) and put thereof fpoonfull after fpoonfull, un« till you have filled the coffin unto the top of the Former, after tbc putting ofevery fecond fpoonfull into the cof- fin, with a mallet give two or three blowes upon the head of the rammer, that the compofition may bee well rammed into the coffin .• every third or fourth driving M. Norton wifticth (if the rockets are to be fired in three orfouredayesj to dip the rammer in gum dragant, and camphir diflolved in fpirit of wine,or good aqua i»7*:but ifit willbe a moneth beforetbey will bee fired, th?n dip tbc rammer in oyle of peter. If you would have the rocket to give a report or blow, then within one diameter of the top, drive a bottom of leather, or fixe or eight double of paper,pierce and prime cythcr of them thorow in three or fourc places, and fill the reft of the coffin with whole gunpowder j afterwards drive another botcon of leather. of Iire-worker: 111 and then with ftrong packthred choak the coffin clofc unw to it .* then take the rocket out of the Former* and prime it at the broach hole with a peeCe of prepared ftouple, and bindeuntoitaftraightrod 6.or 7,times the length of the rocker, and fo heavie, that being put on your finger, it may ballaft the rocker within two or three diameters of the fame, markc the following figure,which reprefents a Rocket ready made and finiflied 5 A B, the rocker,C the ftouplc that primeth it, D E F, the rod bound unto the Rocket with two firings, G, H, I5 the hand that poy- feth it. Hoyp to make Serpents. THc coffins for fcrpcnts arc made of paper rowled nine or ten times upon a Rowkr not much thicker than a goofe quill, and about foure inches long. The coffins muff bee choaked a’moft in the midft, but fo that there may bee a little hole, through which one may fee .* the longeft part of the coffins for Serpents muft be filled with the compofitionfpccifiedbeforcr if you would have it wamble in the ayre, then choak it not after the compofi- tion, but if you would have it wamble3 chenhalfc choak it, as is demonftrated by the following figure, the fhor- 112 Theftcond Booh ter end of the coffin muft bee filled with whole gunpow- der, and choakcd quite up, as appeareth at B, in the fi* gurc M,N, O, which'isthe figure of a Serpent ready made. How to wake raining fire. np Akc divers goofc qails,and cut off the hollow ends of them,and fill them with the compofition before men- tioned, flopping them afterwards with a little wetgun, powder, that the dry compofitions may not fall out. How to wake Starres. I Have fufficiently taught the making of thefc in deferi- bing-their compofitions, wherefore I will now onely prefent the figures of them unto your view 5 A, A, fignifieth two ,;w>. # that are bound up in paper or cloth,and pierced,and pri- med with ftouplc: the other two,E,E, fignific tbofc that arc made up without paper, and need no priming more than the powder of falphur duff that they arc rowlcd in. How to make Petards. ■VTOu muff make the coffins for them cythcrof white, yron,or elfc of paper, or parchment rowlcd upon a Former for thepurpofe, and afterwards fitted with a co- ver, which mull beglcwcd on: thefc coffins muft be filled o/Ftre-worhs, 113 with whole gunpowder, and pierced in themidftof the broad end, and primed thereat with prepared ftouple* the paper ones muft be covered all over with glew, and the pierced. The figure of a Petard ready made, and primed, is fignified by the Figure E. Howto make compounded Roc- kets. plrft you muft make the Rocket I taught you before; you muft hot choakc the end of it, but ey ther double downe halfc the coffin, and with the rammer and a mal- let, give it one or two good blowes; then with a bodkin pierce the paper unto the compofition, or elft drive a bottome of leather fitted unto the bore of the Rocket,and pierce it thorow in two or three places • then p3re or cut off the coffin cquall thereunto; to this end of ihc Rocket you muft binde a coffin wider a great dcalc than the roc- ket is; ftrew into it a little gunpowder duft, that it may cover the bottome of this coffin, and put therein with their mouthes downeward cyther golden rayae, or Ser- pents, or both • alfo ftarres or petards: you muft put fomc gunpowder duft among thcfe;whcn you have filled the coffin with theft or fuch like, cover the top of it with a pcecc of paper, and paftc upon that a picked crowned paper, balaft it with a rod, and it is finlfhcd; the Figure followeth. The fecondBooke jr* f. ' f/-?- * i f. \ * f . ; fvN, '..A* Hw to make Fiends > orfearefuB apparitions. THefc muft be made of the compofitions for Srarrcs, wrought upon cotecn weeke dipped in dqua viu9 wherein eamphire hathbecne difTolved, and after what fafhions your fancy doth rnoft affeft. How to make fire Boxes• YOu muft make the coffins for fire Boxes of patter board, rowledupon a Former, of what bignefle you lift i then binde them about with packthread,and glcw o- ver the cords j alfo glew bot- toms unto them, which muft be pierced with a bodkin to prime them at.In thefc boxes you may put golden raine, ftars,fei pents, peuars,fiends,divtls. The tops of t? lefe fire boxes muft bee co- vered with paper as the com- pound Rockets. Note that you mu*f ihfcW gunpowder duft a prefrv thickmffc on the bottom of the fire boxes, and pnmethe hole at dhc bottom with prepa- red ftouple. Bow of Fireworkes. 115 Howto make SweysU. OWevels arc nothing clfc but Rockets, having in Read a rod ('toballafttliem) a little cane bound faft unto them, where thorow the rope paffetb. Note that you mud be careful! to have your line ftrong,even andfmooth and it muft be rub’d over with fopc that it may not burne. Ifyou would have your Rockets to rcturne againe, then binde two Rockets together, with the breech ofone to- wards the mouth of the other, and let the ftouplethat primeth the one,enter the breech of the other*both kinds areexprefled by the Figures, the uppermoft whereof re- prefenteth the (ingle one; ABfigniheth the Rocker, D E, the cane bound unto ir3 through which a rope pafleth. The lowermoft reprefetfteth the double Rocket • A B, fignificth one rocket, and CD another, Ethc ftouple 116 Thefecond Booh that primeth the one,and entrcth the breech of the other- the cane that the rope pafleth thorow is fuppofed to bee behindethe two rockets. How to makeGironels,or fire Vfbeeles• The making of fire wheclcs confiftcth onely in the p!a- of Ifiy6mVP 0y1&6 $ * 117 -* r ting of Rockets, with the mouth of one towardsthe tayle of another, round about certaine moveable wheels j wher. forelthinkcitfufficicntonly todelcnbe the diverfity of their faftiions. Howto make flying Dragons. T'Hc flying Dragon is fomewbat troublcfome to com- * it muft be made cyther of dry and light wood, or Crooked, lane plates, or of thin whalebones covered with Mufcovie glafle, and painted over. In the body thereof, there muft bee a voyde cane to paflc the rope through j unto the bottomc of this cane muft bee bound one or two large rockets, according as the bignefTe and •weight of the Dragon (hall require; the body muft bee filled with divers petrars, that may confumc it, and a 118 ThefecotjdBooke fparkling receipt muft be fodifpofed upon it, that beeing fired, it may burnc both at the mouth and at the tayle thereof; then hang the wings on in fuch wife3that they may (hake as the Dragon runnes along the Jinejyou may difpofe divers (mail ferpents in the wings 5 markc the Fi- gure. How to make fire Brakes. VTOu muft take a peece oflinnen cloth ofa yard or more in length; it muft bee cut after the forme of a pane of glafle ; faften two light ftickes erode the fame, to make it fland at breadth * then fmeare it over with linfeed oylc, and liquid varnifh tempered together, or elfc wet it with oyle of peter, and unto the longeft corner fatten a match prepared with faitpeter water (as I have taught before) upon which you may fatten divers crackers, or SaucifTons ; betwixt every of which, bitide a knot ofpa- per (havings, which will make it flyc the better 5 within a quarter o;a yard of the cloth, let there bee bound a pcece of prepared ftoupcll, the one end whereof, let touch the cloth, and the ocher enter into the end ofa SauciiTon: 120 Thefecond Booh i/ then tie a fmall rope of length fufficicnt torayfeit unto what heighth you (hall dcfirc,and to guide it withall: then fire the match, and rayfe it againft the windciiranopcn field 5 and as the match burneth, it will fire the crackers, and fauciflons,which will give divers blowcs in the ayre. and when the fire is once come unto the ftoupell, that will fire the cloth, which will (hew very ftrangely and fcarcfully. How to make Bahones, alfo the morter Peece to dijcbarge them. 'T'Hc diameter of the hollo wnefle of the morter Peece * mud be one foot, the longer it is the further it will carry. Let the diameter of the hollowncffe of the facke be the third part of a foot, and halfe a foot deepe: it mud of Fire-worhs* have a fquarc foot, and a portfire to ftrcw in thcbot- tomeohhcfackeonthefideGfit- this portfire is to bee made like a cane about three inches long, and have a bot- tome fodcred unto the infide of the skrew, which bottom muft be pierced with a fmalL touch hole. This mortcr peecc may bee made of iron, red copper, or, for a need witbpaftbordg armed with cord, and glewed over, but thcfacke, and foot of it muft bee made of wood, and the paftbord mortcr muft be naylcd faft upon it. A Bal. loone muft be made of canvaflc ro wled eight or nine times upon a Former, it muft be madefo, that it will cafily go into the mortcr peecc; into this Balloone you may put Rockets, Serpents, Srarres, Fiends, Petards, and one or two Sauciffons to breake the Balloone; then choakit up with cord, and prime it with a little cane rammed full of a flow compofition 5 fill the flock ofthe mortcr peece full of whole gunpowder, then skrew on the portfire 0,then put the Balloone down to the bottom of the mortcr with the cane that primeth it, downward into the flock ; then with tallow or greafe flop the chinks betweene the Bal- loone and the morter, and it is ready to bee difeharged, which you may doe by putting fire to the portfire, and while that burneth, retreat out of harmes way. A, the figure of the mortcrpecce with its portfire. O, B, G, a Balloone ready made. D, an empty coffin for a Balloone. ~ 122 Thefecond Booh Of Fire-works for the Earth, How to make Rockets for the Earth• THc moulds for thefc Rockets for the earth arc not made like thofc for the ayre, bccaufe that it is requi- red chat thefe fbould laft longer, and have a more gentle motion : obferve therefore the following directions for the making of them, which may ferve for all occafions, without any alteration for bigger or letter. Let the Dia- meter of their hollowneffe bee halfe an inch,let their hol- lowncfle be five or fixe inches long, let the rowler for to rowlc the coffins on, bee the third pat of an inch thicke, and let the rammer to charge it be a thought lette, let the breech bee three quarters of an inch long, and let the breech enter halfe an inch into the mould, then fill it with the cqmpofition proper for it, obferving thofe rules in the ramming it, as you did in ramming rockets for the ayre; when you have filled it wthin an inch of the top of the mould, double downe a quarter of the coffin, bea- ting it with three or fourc ftrokes ofthe mallet; then with a bodkin pierce it in two or three places, and then put in the quantity of a piftoll charge of whole gunpowder,then double downe the halfe of the coffin, giving it a gentle blow or two with the mallet,and with a ftiong packthrcd choak the reft of the coffin, and what remaineth after the coffin is choaked, cut it off, and it is made. How to make Qrackers. IT is well knownethat every boy can make thefe,thcre- fore I think it will be but labour loft, to beftow time to of Hire worked 123 dcfcribc their making: onely thus much, if you would make a Cracker to give forty, fifty, a hundred, or two hundred blowes, one after another, then binde fo many Crackers upon a flick, fo that the end of the one may jjoync to the mouth ofthe other. How to make Trunkes. npHefeyoumay make ofpaftebord, paper or wood, and of what bignefle and length you plcafc, and ram them full of the compofition of Rockets for the earth 5 if you would have them to change colour, then alter the compofmon* that is, put in two or three fpoonfnls ofthe compofition of Rockets for the water, and ramme that in, then put in two or three fpoonfuls of the compofition of Rockets for the ay re, and ramme that in, then putin two or three fpoonfuls of gunpowder dufl, and ramme tbatin,doefo till you have quite filled it, then tycabot- tome of leather upon it, and pierce it and prime it with floupeil after the fame manner may you make lanterncs and lights. How to make tumbling balls. MAke a ball ofcanvas, and fatten in it a double Roc* ket for the earth • you may fiuffe the reft of the ball with a (low compofition of two parts,charcoalc dufl, and one part ofgunpowder dufl, mingled together, and put divers petrardsamongfl it. How to make Saucijfons. O Auciffonsarc of two forts, cythcr to be placccf upon a *3frame,orfuchlike, and fo to bee difeharged with a 124 The fecond Booke trayne of gunpowder, or dfc to be difeharged out of the morter* pcecc. The Handing Sauciffon is thus made;you muft roll paper or canvas, nine or ten times upon a roller as A,B, and choake the one end ofit ; fill it then with whole gunpowder, and then choake the other end alfo, then cover all the SaucilTon with cord, and glewitover; then pierce one end ofit, and prime it with a quill filled with gunpowder duft$ place it upon a forme having a hole for the quill to pa(Te thoro w • then fire it by a traine ofgunpowderlaydunder the frame, it will give a report like a Canon: marke the Figure F F. Hew to make Chambers, TAkc a Rocket cafe of what fizeyou (hall thinkc fit- ting, according unto the report you would have it give; choake one end ofit clofe, and put it into a Former without a broach, then fill it one inch and a half or morefasyou think fit) with whole gunpowder 5 then drive a bottom of leather hard into it, this bottom of lea. o/Fire-workes? 125 tbermuft be pierced with a fmall hole in the middle, with a hot iron, or elfe it will be apt to clofe againe. Fill then the other part of the coffin with a flow compofition,upto' the top,then take it out and bindc 6.or 7,times about it a ftrongpackthredin that place where the bottom of lea. thcris, and it is madeiyou may binde divers of thefe on a row upon a frame ray le orfuchlikc, and put fire to their open ends,and they will burnc (lowly untill they come to the bottom of leather, and then each will give a report or blow one after another orderly, as you gave fire unto them. And thefe are ufually called Chambers, but more properly Sauciflous. Howto make tbefijing Sauciffon to be delivered out oftbe morter peece. MAkeacoffin for this9 as you did for the for- mer ; firft,fill it almoft with whole gunpowder, then put upon that gunpowder duft, which you muft ramme hard into the coffin* fo that it may be one finger thick 5 then choak it clofe, and arme, and prime it as you did the former. It is re- prefented by the Figure KM. 126 ThefecondBooke How to make a fire Sword. XT’Ou muft make a Sword of wood,having a deep chan- ’ ** nel in the backe of it, wherein place firft a Rocket for the ground • then two or three Serpents upright * (with theft mouthes inward) let the ftouple that primeth the Rocket, come under rhe mouth of the Serpents, fo that being kindled, it may fet them on fire, and enter the breech of the next rocker, fo fill the channell quite full with rockets and ferpenis, binde the rockets faft into the channcll, but the ferpents muft be placed fo, that being once fired, they may flyc out of the channel), and it is made: marke the Figure G, P. The defeription and making of three forts of Fire-lances. T’O make the firft Fire-lance, whofcFigure is noted A, you muft make a hollow trunk of wbat length or bignefleyou pleafe, cythcrof wood, paper, orpaftebord rowlcd on a rowlcr, and armed with fomc cord and glcw firft put into the bottom of whole gunpowder about one or two fingers thick, then ram upon it a paftebord pier- ced with a little hole in the middle, having a quill faftned in it, which quill muft be filled with a flow compofition, or clfc with gunpowder duft: this quill muft ftand up in ofFire-workes« 127 the Lance two or three inches 5 then fill the coffin up to the top of the laid quill with ftarres,and ftrew among the ftarresfoine gunpowder duft, ehen put paftebord over them* having a hole for the quill faftned in the former bottom of paftebord to paftc 5 then upon this paftebord ram gunpowder duft one or two fingers thick, then puta row of ferpents in, andinthemidft of the ferpents puta cane open at both ends, and filled with gunpowder duft; this cane muft be fomewhat longer than the ferpents, and it muft pafle through a paftebord, which muft bee puto- ver: then put fome more gunpowder duft5and ram it in upon it, and upon that put another row of ferpents, with a cane in the midft of them filled with a flow compofiti- on, and upon them put gunpowder duft, orelfc a flow compofition $ ramming it in till the lance bee full; then put a paftebord upon it, and in the midft of the paftebord put a little cane filled with a flow compofition, thou fa- llen it upon a ft affe of what length you will, and it is made. To make the fecond Fire-lance, you muft prepare a trunk like unto the former, firft ram in the bottom of it fome of the compofition of rockctsfor the earthabcat two fingers thick, then pur a paftebord upon it, having a petard fattened in the middeft; this paftebord muft bee pierced in three or fourc places, round about the petard., that thereby the powder that is rammed over the paftc* bord may cake fire; then ram in fome more compofition upon tta peta- d, about two or three fingers thick 5 then another petard, then more compofition, i© doing untill you have filled thctruik. then fatten it upon a fhffe,and prime it as you did the former, it is reprelemed by the Fi- gure noted B, 128 Thefecond Booh To make the third Fire*lance you mud have a trunkc alfo, which tiuift be rammed full of a flow compofmon, of two parts charcoale duft, and one part gunpowder dull well mixed, prime it as the former, thct*bore divers ofFire-workei* 129 hotes round about it, from the top to the bottom, into c* very of which holes glcw a fauciffon, or a ferpent, ora little ball filled with gunpowder duft,and having a petard in the middle: cy thcr of thefc muft bee well primed, and their primed-ends muft be towards the infide of the lance, fo that as the lance burneth downward , it may orderly give fire unto the SaucifTons, bals, and Serpents: the Fi- gure D reprefenteth a lance having threerowesof (Ser- pents, three ro wes of bals, and three rowes of fauciffons, iaftned round about if. How to make another Tranche with [owe pretty motion upon the top of it, ‘V’ Ou muft prepare a Trunke like unto the former, and “** fill it with a flow compofition, and faften a fquarc bord upon the top of it, with a hole cut quite thorow it, anfwcrablc to the hollowncfFc of the trunckc $ upon this bordyou may banga whecle made of light ftufte, having divers catches of wood or white tin, like unto the whecle of a Water-mill, which catches place reaching halfeovcr the mouth of the fayd trunke, fo the trunke being fired either by a match or trainc of powder, the very force of the fire and fmoake proceeding out of the truncke, will caufe the whcelc to turne round. You may makealfo ano- ther whecle with poppets round the top, and fo place it that it may receive motion from the former mentioned wheelc; or indeed of placing a wheelc or wheclcs upon the top you may faften divers poppet* made with joynts after fuch a device that they may feeme to fight and com- batc one with another, by the force of the fired truncke. 130 The fecond Booh TbeDefcription and making of two forts of Fire-clubs. TO make the firft,you muft make an ovall ball of pallet bord, can valle,or parchment glewed together, which of Fire-workesl you muft firft fill with a flow compofition, ram it in, and then bore divers holes round aboutit,3nd put therein fer- pents, fire bals, or what you will: fatten it upon a ftaffc, and prime it in the top with a cane filled with a flow compofition : this is reprefented by the Figure A A. To make the fecond you mutt fill divers canes open at both ends (and of a foot long, or more, or lefle, as you think fit) with a flow compofition, and binde them upon a ftaffc of foure or five foot long; prime them fo that one being ended, another may begin : you may prime them with a ftouple or match fpreparedas before) make an O- fier basket about it with a hole in the very top to fire it by,and it is done. The Figure F F, reprefenreth the ftaffe, with the canes bound upon it. The Figure marked G, reprefenteththe ftaffe having a basket wrought over it. How to make a Fire Target. MAkea Target of Ofier twigs orclfe of light wood, and binde upon it divers canes filled with a very flow compofition: the canes muft bee open at both ends, and primed with ftouple, that one may give fire unto a- nother: inthcmidftofallyoumay fctupalarge Cane alfo, i f you plcafe, which you may fill with the fame com- pofition as you did the others; Markc the Figure L, M, N,0. thefeeond Booh Of Firc-workes for the Water. How to make Rockets for the Water. THc diameter of hollowneflc of the mould for Rockets that fwim on the water, muff be one inch, and eight inches long: let the breech enter into the body of the Rocket one inch, and it muff have no broach at all in it. Let the diameter of the thickncffe of the Rowler be three quarters of an inch, the rammer muff be a thought lcflcr/ then ram it full of the compofition of Rockets for the water; joyne to the upper end of it a SaucifTon: then co- ver it all over with melted pitch, rofin, waz9 or tallow, to the end that the water may not fpoyle the coffins • and to make it float along the water, bindc a rod about two foot long, as you did unto the rockets for the ayrc:now ifyou would have the rocket to change his a&ions, (that is, to ofFire-workesl 133 fWitn otic while above the water,and one while under the water Jthen put into it in the filling,one fpoonfull of com- pofition,and ram that in • then one fpooncfull of whole powder & ram that in* and then another ofcompofidon, and after that another of whole gunpowder, fbdoc until! you have filled it quite. If you would have itchangc co- lour, then fhift the compofidon divers times, (that is,put in one fpoonfull of the compofidon of Rockets for the wa- ter, then another fpoonfull of the compofidon of Rockets for the ayre, or rochpeter and gunpowder mixed) uncill you have filled it. How to makealfyeket that (hall burne a good •while in the •water, and then mount up into the ayre* pitflyou (hail make a Rocket for the water, and binde unto the lower end a ftickc about two foot and a halfe long, having a large hole in the end thereof: then tye un- to it (but loofly, fo that it may cafily flip out)a rocket for the ayre, and let the ftouple that primeth for the rocket for the ayre, enter into the breech of the water rocket, then let the end of the rod of the rocket for the ayre enter into the hole of the rod of the rocket for the water ; be- fmcarc then both the rockets with tallow, greafe, or wax, or any oyle colour, that the water may not fpoyle the coffinsofthe Rockets; then hangaftone atthebottomc oftheftick that hath the hole in it to make it fink down into the water 5 then fire the water Rocket and caft them into the water; the fired rocket will burne in the water, and being confumed, will give fire unto the other rocker, 134 'Ibexjccond Books which being looflytyed, will flip the bond, and mount up into the ayre. This is reprefented by the Figure G, Gi The floating rocket mentioned before, is exprefled by the Figure noted I, K. The defeription and making oftwo forts of Fire-half 0 for the water* P Or ro make the firft, you muft make a ball of Canvas, * about the bignefle of a Foot ball, or bigger if you plcafe, and faften in it a double Rocket for the water: if ydu will, alfo you may ftoffe the reft of the Ball with the competition that will burnc under the water,and cut holes in the fidcs, and therein faften other bals, and petrards in them: then cover the ball over with Tallow, Pitch , or painting, except the place where the Rocket is primed, ofFire-worhs: »?5 and icis done. It is reprefcnted by the Figure noted with A, and it will tumble up and downc in tbc water. To make the (econd Fire- ball* you mu(t hot make a ball of Canvas, Paftebord, or fuch like, and cut a wide hole in the top of it; and place itinachanncll ofTinne pierced in divers places: fill the channcll with the compo- fidons of Rockets for the water j againft every Jiolc there* of,place 9 petrard: cover it with a cover,pitclm over,and prime it,then ballaft it w or drawing apparel! and Qoths. pXRapcry confiftcth in the drawing or figuring of cloth, garments, with their doublings and foldings fltadowed accordingly. The Rules for Draper ie. 1 TJIrft, you muft draw the utmoft lines of your gar- A ments, having fparc places, where there is need offoldings. 2 Draw alwayes your greater folds firft, which con- tinue throughout the whole garment, from the skirt up- ward, and be fure that you let no one touch or croftc ano- ther; 146 Tbetbird Booh 3 Br cake your greater folds into IcfTc, not fparing to fhadowthem, though they be never fo fmall, and that wit h a double or treble hatch, if fo bee that they fall in- ward and from the light. 4 The clolcr the Garment fits, the narrower you muft make the folds. y Order your Garments fo,that the folds thereof may fall one way according unto the motion of the ayre. 6 Fold not your Garments where they ought to fit clofe, and leave the formes of eminences appearing i as of the Breafts, and Legs.. Of Diapering« Diapering, isapafflng or over-running your worke (after it is quite finiflied ) with branches or other worke. The Rules for Diapering• t IF you Diaper upon folds, you mufl: make your * Worke to breakeoff accordingly. 2 Youmuft have a care to continue the fame Worke ihroughout the wholcGarmeor. 3 You rauft fet the faireft in the moft eminent and perfpicuous place. 4 You muftcaufe your branches to run all upwards, elfe your Worke will be ridiculous. Of Landslip* Y Andskip is theexpreffion of Land by Hils,and Moun- ■“-taines, Rockcs, Ruincs, Rivers, Vallcyes, and fuch like. of Drawing. 147 The Rules for exprefiing ofLandskip. i "V" Ou muft make a fairc Horizon, expreffing the ** Heavens more or IcfTc over-caft with Clouds- andifyoucxprefle theSun,make it rifing or fetting behind fome Hill or Mountainc, and then let all the light of the trees,be given thither your Clouds muft be fba- dowed from the Sonne. i Never expreffe the Moone or Starred but upon neceffity. 3 Be very carefull tolcflcn your body es, proportiona- ble to their dtftance, expreffing them more faintly or ful- ly according as your Eye judgeth of them. OfEmblcmy or Emprejfe Worke. P mblem or EmprefTc worke, is themoft hard or diffi- others, and the moft to bee commended a- bovc all other workes .* It is to imime the face of Man, kindc foneare after the life, as that not only the party in all likeneffe both in favour and complexion, but alfo his beft graces and countenance is moft notably expreft. This indeed ought not to be attempted, untill one were reaso- nable good in Story worke, which you may in arcafo- nablc time attainc unto, by the imitation of good prints. The comelincffe of the face confifteth in three parts, Firft, in the fairc and bcautifull colour and complexion. Secondly, in the good favour and proportion, 1 hirdly,in the grace of the countenance. The cutiou3 Drawer muft watch, and as it were catch the lovely graces, witty fai- lings, & fullen glances which pafle fodainly like lightning, 148 Tie third Booke obfcrving how in fmiling the Eye changeth,and narrow* eth, holding the fight juft betweene the lids,as a Center > how the mouth cxtendeth a little both ends of the line, upwards 5 the Cheekes rayfe thcmfelvcs to the Eyes-* ward; the Noftrils play,and arc more opc n • the vcyncs in the Temples appetfre more, the nccke commonly e- reð it felfe, the eye browes make ftraight Arches,and the forehead cafteth it felfe, as it were, into a plaine. In likefort, the countenances of wrath, fearc, and forrow, have their fcvcrall alterations.' The Drawer muft make the eyes of his pi&ure fo like one another, as Nature doth; for in the Eye is the lifcofthcpi&urc. Be furc that the circle of the fight be perfectly round, for fo much thereofas appeareth. The Center truly placed in the midft thereof. The rcfle&ion of the fight which appeareth as a white fpeck, muft bee placed accordingly unto the light. The fartheft Eye from the Drawer,muft be a little high- er than the hithermoft, bccaufe of the profpc&ive, if the Drawer fit any higher than the party drawnc 5 But if lower, then the fartheft eye muft be a little lowcr.If level, then to be of one height. So (hall the worke by well pla- cing and true doing of the Eye have great life; for of all the features in the face ofa pi&ure, the eyes give the moft life, the Nofc the moft favour, and the mouth the moft iikeneffe; although Iikcncfle be contained in every part, even feature in the cheekcs, chin, fore-head, with the compafieof the face, but principally and cfpecially in the mouth. The Drawer muft markc when the party removeth, though sever fo little,if in the fuddaine he remove a great dcalc, then he may eafily markc it,and recall him unto his of Dr wing* 149 firft line, but the little moving (if he perceive it not quick- ly) will leadc him into a great errour; In drawing after the life, fit not nearer than two yards from off the party, and fit as even of one height as poffi- blyyoumay, but if the party you draw, bee a very tail perfon,ict him fit a little above you,becaufe men are com- monly under him* and will not judge (b of the picture, be • caufethey undervie w it. If theperfon you draw bee very low or a child, then ufe the like diferetion in placing him fomewhat lower than himfelfe. If you draw from head to foot, let the party (land at the lead 6. yards from you, when you take the defeription of his whole ftatur c * an J folikewifefor the ftelling of your pi&urc of what length foever, according unto the proportions of the face .• let the party arife and ftand, (for very few can fit fo upright as they ftand ) whereby the Drawer oft times is greatly deceived, and the partie drawne disfigured. Stell not a Childe when you draw the hand, but when you cfpie a good grace in the hand, take it quickly, and pray them not to ftand (till,for commonly they give the hand a more unnaturall or affc&cd grace; Firft, draw the ftroake for the fore head, which muft be done raoft exa&Iy, becaufc that according unto that fcantling and proportion, muft all the reft be drawne; as ifthe fore.head be fo long, then from the forehead to the chin, muft be twice fo long 5 next draw the fartheft eye* thirdly draw the nofe, fourthly draw the neareft eye,lea* ving the juft length of an eye betweene it and the other; having continuall regard that the parties fartheft eye/cem to your appearing to bee juft fo much diftant from the fore-head ftroake, as it was when you firft began; if it be not, proceed no farther untiil you have recovered, or 150 The third Books recalled him to his former place, then draw the mouth," next the chin,then finifh the out line ofthe face; and Iaft- iy, the hairc .• having finilhed the head, draw the whole bodie proportionable thereunto. Of Shadowing* HpHechiefcft part of Drawing, confifteth in the true -*■ proportioning of a Pi&u re, for the Ine (heweth all unto a good ludgement. But the (badow without the line (heweth nothing: thedinc onely (heweth the coun- tenance, but the line and (hadow, (beweth the lively like# nefle. Shadowes beft become great pccccs, and fuch as arc to be viewed afarre off. To (hado w fwectly, and round withall, is a far greater cunning, than to (badow hard and darkc; for to round a worke, cannot be without fomc (badowes, but to (badow as it were not (badowed, isbeft of all. Evcrie thing muft be done in its proper kindc. Shadowes the w the effect or defe& of the light, in the place where the pi£hirc was drawne. Thus much for thofe that are contented to take fomc paines toattainefonoblea Science: Now there follow certaine dire&ions for thofe that arc unskilfull, and have not fparetime Efficient to fpend in the pra&ice of the forementioned directions • yet are dcfirous upon occa- fions, and for certaine ends, totakethe copic of fomc let- ters, prints, and pi&ures, that they oftentimes may meet withall. The which are fofpcilc and eafie , as that Chil- dren of but indifferent difcrccion,may performe the fame. of Drawing, 151 . How to take the perfift draught ofany or painted Pitture. TAkea fhect of Venice (or in (lead thereof) of the fineft white paper that you can get: wet it all over withcleanc falletoylc: then wipe the oyleofffrom the Paper, ascleaneasyoucan, fo that the paper maybe dry, otherwifeit will fpoile a printed pi&ure by the foa- king thorow of the oyle : having thus prepared your pa- per, lay it upon any painted or printed pi&iirc, and you (hall fee the picture thorow the fame more pcrfc&ly ap- pcarjpg, than thorow glaflc, and fo with a biacke lead may draw it over with cafe,and better firft with a fbftcharcoa!e,and then with a pen. After that you have thus drawne the picture upon the oiled paper, put it up- on a fhect of cleanc white paper, and with a little fticke pointed, or (which is better) with a feather taken outof a Swallowes wing: draw over the pi&ure againc, and fo you (hall have the fame very prettily and neatly drawne upon the whitepaper, which you may fet out with co- lours, as (hall be taught hereafter. Another way* HAving drawne the pi&ure, firft open the oiled paper, put it upon a fheetofclcane white paper, and pricke over the fame drawing, with a good big pin, then from the clcane (licet, that is pricked, pounce k upon another: that is,take fome fmall coale.powderit finc,and wrap it in apicccofTifFanie or fuchlike, and bindc it up therein Joofely,and dap it lightly over all the pricked lines by little & little,and after wards draw it over again with aPen or Pencil!, or otherwise as you pleafc, The third Booh 1Another way. TAkc a (beet of thin white paper, and rub it all over one fide with black lead, or clfe with vermilion tem- pered with a little frefti Butter; then lay this coloured fide upon a fhcet ofclcanc paper* then lay the Pi&urc you would coppic out,upon the other fide of the coloured pa- per, and with a fmall pointed fticke, or with a S wallowes feather, goe over all the ftroakes of your pi&ure, that you defire, and then you fhall have the ftroakes drawnc very prettily on your white paper. Another way. '"T’Akca peece of a cleerc Lanternc home, and lay it up- on your pi&ure5 then with a pen made of a Ravens quill, draw theftroakc of your pi&ure upon the Horne, and when it is drie,breath upon the home twice or thrice and prefle it hard upon a peece of cleane white paper, a little wetted * and the pi&ure that you drew upon the home, will ftickc faft upon the paper. Another way, TAkc a flscctof whitepaper, rub it all over with frefti Butter, and dry it in by the fire, then rub one fide of it all over with Lamper black lake, or any other colour finely ground, lay this paper upon a (heet of fairc paper, with the coloured fide downwards 5 and upon it, lay the Picture you would copie out, and trace the ftroakes o. ver, with a feather of aSwaliowcs Wing, and you (hall have your defire, of Drawing. 153 Another way njerypretty and eafie to be performed. TAkcfome Lake, an J grindc it fine,and temper it with Linfecd oyle, and afterwards with a pen, draw with thisraixtnrc(infteadoflnke) all the out flreaks of any printed pi&urc,alfo the mufcles: then wet the contrary fidcofthepi&ure, and prefle it hard upon a (hcetc of clcane white paper, and it will leave behinde it all the (troakes ofthefayd Pithirc that you draw over. Another way much like the former. TAke Printers Blacking, grinde it fine, and temper it with faire Water, and with a pen dipt therein, draw over the mailer ilroakes and out lines of the Mufcles: wet then a faire paper with a fpunge, and clap the pi&ure up- on it, prcflGng it very hard thereupon, and you (hall finde the ftroakes you drew, left upon the faire paper. An eafie way to lejfen any pitture: that U, to draw a picture from another> in aleffer compajfe. FIrft, with a Ruler, and a blacke lead plurcjpec, draw a line at the very top: alfo another at the bottom para- lcll, or equally diftant from the other; from the upper Line, let fail two perpendicular or plum lines even unto thelowermoft Line, iothofc fourc Lines will make a fquare: now you rauft divide this fquare into divers equal parts, with a paireofeompafles, and draw Lines with a Ruler and black Lead plummet, quite over the pi&ure:fo 154 thcleffe lines will divide the pifture into equal! parts or take a faire paper, and make as many fquares upon it, as there is in the pi&ure: you may make them as little as you will, but be furethat they are equal!, and of juft number with thofe in the pi&ure. Having thus crof- fed your pi&urc, and drawne over your faire paper into fquares, take a black lead pen, and draw the pi&urc by Jitclcand little, pafting from fquare unto (quare,uncill you The third Booh have finilhcd the whole: ftili obferving the order of the fqwarcsasthcv ftand in either : then draw it over with a pen, in which fecond drawing of it over, you may cafily mend any fault: when it is dry, rub it over with the crura of white bread, and it will take off all the black lead flrokes, and your draught only will remaintfaire upon the paper or parchment. of Droving. 155 The following figure noted B A fignifieth a Ruler* which will affiftyoutocroflc your paper with fquares. Example; let A B C D be one line, lay the Ruler fo, that the crofle over the end of the Ruler may lie full upon the line, then draw a line by the fide of ir, and fo proceed,and with the afliftance of a pay re of compares you may make' as many fquares as you lift. Anseryeafie way to defcrifo a Towne, or Caflle; beingwitbin the full fight thereof rjOrthc effe&ing of this, yon muft have a frame made, * and eroded into equall fquares with Lute firings, and figured at the end of each firing: this frame muft have a foot, wherein it muft be made to be lifted higher or lower as occafion ferveth $ alfo you muft divide your paper that you are to draw upon into fo many equal! (quarts as your frame containeth: having the like at the ends of each line that there is on the frame ; before this frame mud bee placed a ftyle or bodkin having a little glade on the top of it for to direftthe fight. Note, now that the necrcr any thing commcth unto the center, the letter it appearcth : hence it is, thataTowneof a mile, or more long, or a huge great Cattle, at a diftance may bee com. prehended, and that eattiy within the limits of fofmalla frame * By the ttile dire& your fight from one part to another, beginning at onefquare,ana proceeding through the rett in order as they lie ; marke well the following figure. By which figure you may make the thing you imi- tate bigger or letter according as you (ball move it necrer or farther off from the thing, tracing the work with a cole. Note, that if you move any part, the work will be falfe, except you returne unto your firft place. 15* The third Booh 158 The third Boom Mote to make a Desk: by meanes whereof you may irate-, and that moft exactly teith great facility any printed picture, or foUid Image* plrft let there be a frame made, and with hinges let it be joynted unto a board of equal! bredth unto it: let this frame alfo have two (byes at the top, at each end one, by meanes whereof the Desk may bee raifed higher, or lower, as need (hall require • then fatten to the frame a peecc of pure clearc glade fitted thereunto, and it is fi- niflicd. The figure followcth. The Desk. The manner of ufing this Desk is thus i If thcpi&ure that you intend to draw be a printed one, then firft fatten it next unto the Desk with wax, paftc, or fueh like r up- on it faften a (beet of faire paper: If it be in the day »time, place the back of it towards the Sunne ; if it be in the night that you worke, placealampc bchindc it, and fo you (hall (ce pcrfedly every (even the leaft) ftroakc of the pi&urc, which with yoir penne you may draw as | of Drawing. 159 acurately as any Limracr whatfoever. If it bcc a foHid peccc, then place it behindc the Desk, between the light and the Desk: then fallen a flbeet of clcane white paper upon the Desk; rayfe then the Desk higher, or lower,un- til! you fee the pcrfc& fhadow of the image rhorow your Desk, and paper, and then draw the pofiure of the image, and fhadow it afterwards (without the Desk) as light fal- lethuponit. jin eajie way to take the natural!, and lively (bape of the leafs of any herb or tree, which tbingpajjetb the Art of man to imitate with Pen or Penji/L plrfttake theleafe that you would have, and gently bruife the ribs and vcines on the back- fide of it, after- wards wet that fide with Linfeed oyle, and then prefTe itharduponapeece of cleanc white paper, and fo you (hall have the per fed figure of the faid leafe, with every vcine thereof, focxa&ly expreft, as being lively coloured, it would Teem to be truly naturall, by this we learn, that Nature being but a little adjuvated or feconded with Arr, can work wonders. Now for the further information of fuch as are defirous of exemplary inftru&ion, I have fet down in order fol- lowing the delineation of the proportion of fuch things as in my judgement feemed moft neceflary for young be- ginners, and thofe in fuch eafie demonflrations as for the mod part they confifl of cquall fquarcs, and require no more for their right underftanding, then diligent obser- vation : 1 might have filled a whole Booke of fuch like, but having confidcrcd that what I had done, was a fuffi* cient ground fora further proccffion, I thought fitting to leave each perfon to the cxercifc and pra&ife of his befl Invention. Pages 165-170 missing of Droving* 175 Of wafhtng Maps and other printed pittures. \J\TA(hingpi&uresis nothing elfe but thefetting of * v them out with water colours, and for the clte iag hereof you muft be provided with ftorc of Pencils, fome fmallcr than other, aifo with Allum water, Lime water, Gum water, water made of Sopc a(hes5 fizc ver- niib3 and ftorc of good colours well prepared. How to make Allum water• 'T’Akca.quartof water and boilc in it a quarter of a * pound of Allum, feethe it untill it be molten, and let ic then ftand a day • with this water you muft wet over your pi Take yellow berries and bruife them a little, and ftcep them a quarter of an houre in Allum water, then ftraine them, if you wid, or let them ftand in the liquor, and work therewith. colour. Take the fatteft Sut you can get, and put it into a pot of clecrc water,fo that it be covered two or three fingers, and let ft feetbe well, which done, ftraine it thorow a cloth, and fet it on the fircagaine to thicken, ( but take heed that you fet it not on too hot a fire, for fcare of bur- ning it) fo let it boyle gently untill it be as thick as you would have it. Qolour for facesi Firft lay upon the checks little fpots of lake or red lead, then come all over it with white, and a little lake * fhadow it with iam black or umber,an ' . ~ How to make Gumlack, and the uje thereof. '‘T’Aketheglayr of eg$3 and ftraine them as fhort as you can, in the month of March i to a pint of this put afpoonfull of the fineft wortthatyou can get, alfo take hony and gum hcdcre,of each as much as a hazle nut,and put to them fourc fpconfuls of the fineft wort, ftrainc them with a pccceof fpunge fo long that you fee them a clcere oyle 5 put both thefe together into a glafte, and let it dry, and it will be hard like amber, whichyou may di£ folve in cleanc water, as you do guru arabick. This is the beft vernifh that is, and it is good so lay many colours with, as you fhall finde in the temperature of them. How to makeglayr* T* Ake the whites of egs, and beat them with a fpoone (or whisk, which is till it.jifc all in afoamc, then let them ftand all night, and by the morning they will bee turned into clcere water, which (hall bee good glayr wherewith you fhall temper your colours. The third Booke of Limming« 189 How to make gum water for thefame ufe. 'J'Ake gum nrabick that is whiteand clecre, knit it up in a clour, and lay ic in cleans water until! it beediiToIvcd and make the warcr clammy * if you put too much water and too little gum, you (hall have a weak gum water,and fo of all other gums. Let it not be fo ftiffe that your fin • gers flick together being wet therewith, but of a reafona- ble ftiftnefle. Of the tempering and making Colours. SOme Painters ufc firft to grinde ail their colours except white, with the gall of a Neat, and then let them dry, and afterwards they grinde them againe with gum water, and fo ufe them; water,they fay, killeth the brightnefle, and the gall maketh the colour more lively. ObfrVations. p|'He pra&ices of a Limmcr muft be neat and cleanly in all the operations, in grinding colours where there is neither fmoak nor duft the water of fome clecrc fpring, the gum of the whiteft and cleereft Arabick, broken into powder: he muft have alfo white fugar candy in powder, and thefe muft be kept clofe in gaily pots, or jar glaflcs: his grinding ftone muft be of chryftal!,porphyr, or green marble $ his apparreii fuch as fheddeth lcaft duft* 190 The third Booke Of blew Byce, bow to grinde and temper it, 'J’’A ke fine byce and grinde it upon a dcane ftonewith fairc water, as (mail as you can grinde it, then put it in- to a horn or horfc mufeie fbcll, and ws(b it in this man- ner following : Firft put thereto your horn full of cleane water or vinegcr, and flit it well, then let it (land the fpacc of an houre, and ali the byce will fall to the bot- tom, and the corruption (hall fleet upon the water, then poure away that water, and then put to it fomewhat a weak gum water, that the colour may fall to the let it then ftand untill the byce be all fctlcdtothe bottom, then poure away that gum water cleanc from the byce, and put thereto other cleanc water, and fo wafh it up, and ifyou will have it rife to the fame colour it is of when it is dry, then temper it with a weak gum water, if other- wife, then temper it with a ftiflegum water of lack. If you will have it light, grinde ir with a little cerufc. Ifyou will have it deep, put to it the water [of Lit- tnofe. Ifyou will make a falfe colour hereof,put to it twice fo much cerufe, and deep it wich deep azure, but after that diaper or trace with cerufc or white lead. Byce, cinaper, lake, and a little roflet make a faire violet colour. Vltermerine of Venice is the higheft blew, inftead whereof you may ufe fmaltof the beft blew byce. Litmofiblew, Akc fine Litmofc and grinde it with cerufe: and if you take Litmofe and a little cerufe, it maketh a deep blew. If you put much ccrufe and a little litmofe, it maketh a light blew, you muft grinde it with weak water of gum Arabick. How to make blew water to diaper and dtepen upon all other Colours. Take fine litmofe cut into peeces, and lay it in a weak water of gum lack,and let it lie twenty foure houres there- in, and you fhall have a pure blew water, as blew as azure; with this water you may diaper, damask, and fet out all other blewcs. Or take a little quantity of unflakt lime, and a good quantity of litmofe, andigrindc it with a ftrong lime lie, thenputit into a horn, and let it rot in faorfedung, the longer the better. fnde baudios and Englifh Inde* Take Inde baudias and grindcit with the water of lit- mofe, if you wil have it deep ; if you wil have it light, grinde it with fine ccrufe, and weak water of gum Ara- bick. In the fame manner muft you grinde your Englifb Inde, but it maketh not fo goed a colour as your Inde baudias, you muff diaper upon it with litmofe water. Some inftcad of this colour ufe flory with a little Inde rofTet, and ccrufe twice as much, and it maketh a light violet; With one part of Inde, and two parts ofroflet is made a deep violet. Inftcad of Inde one may have a little flory, and for a violet colour it is better than Inde. o/Limming, 191 192 The third Booke Flory muft be tempered as islnde. Indc is a colour between blew and black, and muft be well ground with gum water, and tempered as roftet is. Flory blew. Take fine flory blew, and grindc it with a lirtle roller, and it maketh a ligh violet. Put much ccrufe and a little red lead, and it maketh a crane feather colour. Grinde this with any yellow, generall excepted, and alfo faffron, and it maketh a faire green. This colour ground with a little blew byce, and a little quantity of chalk, maketh a light colour. This colour muft be ground with glayr, and tempered with fomc Spanifh white, elfe it will be little better then chalk. Korkor OrcbaU. Take fine orchall and grindc it with unflaked lime,and with a quantity of urin, and it maketh a pure violet. If you put much lime, it maketh a light violet. If you put too much korkor orchall, it maketh a deep violet $ but orchall is the better colour. Green colours. The beft green for Limmingis Cedar green, inftcad whereof you may ufe vcrdicer green. Hoy> to grinde and temper green byce. r > You muft grinde yemr green byce on the fame manner ofLimming. you did your blew bycc, alfo temper and ma(h it after the fame manner, and you mud diaper upon it with the watcrof deep green, as you (hall finde hereafter. The longer it is ground,the finer it will be,but the more wade. The refufe of this byce may ferve to make hils and dalks of flowers. Moreover, this colour being a falfc colour, muflbe deepened with fapgreen,and diapered with gals. Verditer green. Take your verditer, and grinde it with a weakc water of gum Arabick. This is the fainted green that |is, but ie is good to velvet upon black, to make the fleevc of an I- mage, or to velvet a quifhion. Verdigreaje green. Take fomeverdigreafe, and grinde it with the juceof Hue, and with a little weak gum water, and you (hall have the pureft green that is : and if will have it to diaper up- on, then you mud grinde it only with the juccof Rue, and that will make it a worfc grecn,and then your damask or diapering (hall be perceived. You mud diaper upon ie with the water of fap green. Sap green. Take fap green and lay it all night in tart vineger, or dcanc water not gummed, and put a little allum thereto to raife your colour, and you (hall have a good green to diaper and deepen upon all other greens. 194 The third Book? ifcw to make fap green. Take the berries of wine thorn, whichis miiqh, *tike unto a flo tree, the berries thereof are black, and grow in clutters like the berries of Cartridge, whereof Butchers make their pricks s but thefc berries differ in this from the berries of the Cartridge 5 thefc are full of juce, and thole arc dry, and have a hardkcrnell within them. Take,I fay, the berries of wine thorn, and wring the jucefrom them therow a courfe cloth, and put thereto the powder of al- lum, to preferve the colour of the jucc, then Ceerhethcm together untill it bealmoft wafted away. when it is Come- what ftiffe, take it out of the vcflcll wherein it was boiled, and make of it a ball $ when you will ufc it, take thereof a little, and put it into a (hell of fairc water, for it is ftrong enough of it fclfe. - Of njcrmilion nd., Vcrmijioaisa principal! and excellent red colour; in the grinding of it add.e a little hony to make his colour brightand perfc&. There arc two forts of this vermilion, the one is naturall, and the other artificial! 5 the natural! is very hardly tobec got, and ir is a farre more excellent colour than the artificial!. It is found in final! quantities amongft your red orpiment, and you may cafily know it, for it doth much refcmblc the artificial!. The artificial! vermilion is made of quickfilvcr, and citrin, fulphur or brimtton hurried together. Ofredlead. Red lead is made ofccrufc burnt, and unto it you mutt o/Lmming. 195 adde a little faffron in the grinding, for that will make it of an orient and marigold colour* you mud wafh ir, and take the fined for Limming. Of orpiment• ♦ ~ /■ , ’ f i x * i . .,i J t ->» .v . ' j \ | i i . ’ . V Orpiment is a minerali,and refembkth gold when it is broken, it mud be firft ground with a ftiffe water of gum lake ; it giveth the heft colour ,of it fclfc without any mixture: if you lay it upon green, white lead, red lead, or ccrufe, they will daine ft. There are twaforts of yelk) w orpiment j the one, which when it is,broken, looketh, as I fay d, like unto gold ; the other is more brittle, and it is of a deep marigold colour, but being ground, it maketh of itfelfe a mod excellent yellow, which 1 have often ufed. Of pinckyeftd'to. You mud grinde this colour with faffron if you will have it fad, if light, with cerufe. Of Oker deface. Oker dc luce is a good hayre colour, and a natural! (ha» dow for gold. ' Ofmafltcot orgenerall, or general! yellow. Grinde the madicot with afmall quantity of faffron in gum water, and never make it lighter than it is. It will en- dure and lie upon all colours andmewls. } 196 The third Booke Of rojjety cinaper lake, and tinker tops. Thefc colour! you mud grinde each by thcmftfvcs, with gum water. Lake of India is of a crimfon colour, other lakes there are that are blacker, and they mud bee * ground with fugarcandy or fugar. Of Sanguis Draconis* Sanguis Draconismuft firft be purified from his drofle* and then ground with gum water. OfTurnfoil. Turnfoil is made of old linnen rags died. you (hall mfe it after this manner 5 lay it in a fcuccrof vinegcr, and fet it inachafingdifhofcoles, and let it boilc a little, then take it off, and wring it into a (hell, and addc thereto a little gum Arabick,and let it (land until! the gum be didblved* it is good to (hadowall carnations and yellowes. Of brom of Spains, and umber. Grinde your Spanith brown with brafill water: in like: manner grinde your umber. Of bolearmoniack. Grinde bole armoniack with gum water; Qfceruje. Ccrufc mud bee ground with glayr of egs that hath of Umming• 197 lien rotting a month or two under the ground, and it will make a moft perfect white; this colour being ground and wafhed, wili yecld three forts of whites • the firft where- of is the fineft, and it will gliflcn, this I call fattin white: the fccond is good for Limming. and the courfeft of all being once ground againe, is beftrobeufedfortheflefliy colour, properly called carnation, which in no fort ought to have any gliffening in it. This colour with a little red lead maketh the faireft carnation. If the party bee pale, lefle red lead and a little tnafticot among it; if hrown, more ofeach, and alittle oker dc rous withaU. Of white lead» This is the fame with ccrufc, but it is not refined as that is; grinde it with a weak water of gum lake, and let it ftand three or fourc dayes $ roflet and vermilion make itafaire carnation. Of Spamjb white. You muft grinde your Spanifh white with a weak gum water. It is the belt white to lace or garnifh withal), and it is thus made • take fine chalk and grinde it with the third part of allum, in f'aire water, untill it bee thick like pap, then make it up into bals, and let them lie by untill they are dry *5 when they are dry, put them into the fire, and let them remaine untill they be red hot, like burning coales, then take them out, and let them coole. To make liquid gold orfiver* Take five or fix leaves of gold or filver, and lay them 198 The third Beoke upon your grinding Gone, and grinde them with a ftiflfe gum water,and a pretty quantity of fait,as fine as poffibly you can, then put them into a iar-glaflfe, and fill the glaflc almoft full of fairc water9 to the end theftiffc water ma* diflblvc, and fo the gold may fall unto the bottom of the glafic: let it ftand three or fourc houres* then pourc away \ the liquor from the gold, antfput more elcanc water, and ) ftir it about,and let it fettle againe, and then poure off the fame water 5 do this fo often untill you fee your gold or filvercl anO wafhed$thcn take clean watered put there- to a little peece of fal armoniack, and great fair, and let it (land the fpace of three dayes in a box made of wax, then take a peece of Glovers leather, and pick away the skin fide, and put the gold and the water therein : tic it up then, and hang it on a pin, and the fait will fret thorow, and the gold will remainc, which you fhall temper with j the glayr of cgs, and fo ufc it with your pen or pencil/. ' \ Of gold armoniack. The making of gold armoniack you arc taught before \ in tbcdifTolvingofthc gummes. \ \ To make fizjsfor burnijhedgold. Take three parts of bole armoniack, and the fourth , part of line chalk, grinde them together as final 1 as you can with clcere water, three or foure times, and after eve- ry time let it dry, and then take your glayr of cgs, and ftraine them as fhort as water, and then grinde your bole and chalk therewith, and in the grinding put a little quan- tity of gum hedere to the quantity of a fitch, and foure ofLimming. 199 of five blades of faffron, grinde them all as fmall as pof- ffibly you can, and put them into an Ox horn, and let it rot in horfedung the (pace of five or fix weeks, and then take it up, and let it have the ay re, for it will have an ill favour, then occupy it when you will, after thismanner; lay this fize firft upon your parchmentJ and wi th a feather lay your gold or filver upon if, and when it is dry, bur- nifh it* How to make another double to lay gold or filver upon an embojftd ground. Take Venice cerufc, white lead, plafter of an old image, or chalk j any of thefc made into fine powder,and ground with the white ofan eg, and a little water 5 this will make a g«od bottom to lay filver on. But when you ufc any of thefe to lay under gold, put to it a little faffron, put not too much water, mingle it after diferetion, and look the fize be thick Handing 5 put the fize thus tempered, in a horn or (hell, in fome celler or fbadowed place, where it may (land moyft feven dayes, till it be perfeft clammy and rotten, and once a day ftir it; the older the fize is, the better it is. if there ftanefany bubbles upon the fize, put in a little earc wax, for thatis a remedy again!! it, and before you layit on your workday the fize upon a horn,& dry it, and when it is dry, bend it,and if it bend and break not, then is it perfeft; if it break, put a little water to it, to make it weaker, and prove it if it cleaveth fall unto the paper, if not, put glayr thereto, and it will make it more ftedfaft. The like fize you may make of gipfum, bolcar- moniack,red or yellow oker, orpiment, or mafticot, with brown of Spaine, or red lead, if every of them be ground, and tempered as the former* 200 The third Booh How to Jit gold or fiher• Take apeece ofgumlack, and diffolve it to a ftiffc wa- ter i then grinde a blade or two of faffron with it, and with yonr pen or pcncill make what work you plcafc,and cut your lcafegold or ftlvcr into peeccs, according unto your drawings and take them up with a feather, and lay them on your drawings, and prefle them down with a peecc of wooll 5 when it is through dry, ftrike off the loofc gold or Olver, and burnifh ic with the tooth of a dog faftned in the end of a hick.: Aurum mujicum. Take one ounce of fal armoniack,onc ounccof quick- lllver, of counter foine one ounce, and of brimfton halfc an ounce, bruilc the brimfton,and fet it on the fire, but let it not be over hot, fleft it burn) then put in the fal armo- niack being in powder, alfothe quickfilver, and counter- foinc, being well mixed therewith, put them, Ifay, into the brimfton, and ftir them very well, and quickly, with a Hick, untill the brimfton become hard, then grinde it on a ftonc, and put it in a glaflc well ftopped with wax, and fet it in a pan of afhes, make a fire under it,and let it hand halfe a day in that manner, till a yellow fmoak arifeth on it, and when the yellow fmoak is gone, it is prepared. Argentum mujicum. Take one ounce of tyn, melt it, and put thereto one ounce of tartar, and an ounce of quickfilver, ftirre them of Limming. 201 well together, until! they be cold, then beat it in a morrer, andgrindeit withaftone ; temper it with gutn water, write therewith, and afterward polifh it. Horn to mite a gold colour. Take a new layd hens eg, make a hole at one end, and Jet the fubftance out, then take the yolk without the white, and foure times fo much quickfilver in quantity, as of the former • grindethem well together, and put them into the (hell, flop the hole thereof with chalk and the white of an eg, then lay it under a hen that fitteth, with fix more, for the fpace of three wcekes,then break it up and write with it. To diaper on fiber or gold. Diaper on gold with lakc-and yellow oker, but upon filver diaper with cerufe. Of the light and place moft meet to be cbofen, and of certain necejfary o&fervations. Let the light whereby you work, be northward, fome- what towards the caft, which is commonly without Sun. fhinc } let it be one only light, and that great and fayre, without reflexions of wals or trees, a free sky light, the greater the window, the better, but no bay window • in fuch a place alfo where neither duft, fmoak, noyfe, nor ftink may offend, for the colours thcmfclvesmay not en- dure fomc ayres, efpeciaily the fulphurousayresof fea- coale j and in any wife avoid anger, and fhutoutbufybo- 202 the third Booh dies* and fuch as love to be fingering; and fpeak not over your pi&ure, for the kart fpot of wet falling upon it, can never be amended. In drawing after the life, change not your light,but end your work by the fame light that you begin it in, if pop fiblyyoumay. Virgin parchment, that is, fuch as is made of the skins ofcaftlings or abortives, free from fpots, and fine and fmoothly dreft, drained and parted with ftarch upon fmoothed paftbord, is thebeft to lim upon. When you begin your pi&ure, lay firrt too faire a car- nation, for in woi king you may make it as brown as you will, but being chofen too brown, you (hall never work it faire forlimmingisbut the fhadowingof the fame colour thatyour ground is of. All ground colours in limming mu ft bee hyd fomewhat flowing, that it dry not before your pencil!, left your work fliew rough and patched. s * When you draw upon the fameground3 be very advi. fed what lines you draw, and draw them very lightly with fomc of the fame carnation and a little lake thinly mixed, or with a little thin lake alone, with a vcryfmall pencill, that it may fcarce at the firrt bedifeerned, until! you be furc that you are in the right way, for afterwards it is very hardly altered. In fhadowingalfo ufe the fame diferetion, let it be performed by little and little, at the firrt too. white, for the face at the firrt being made never fo little too red, or too brown, can never bee amended • fbadowing too much is never to be amended • alfo if the hayrebe made too dark, or the forehead too low, they are very hardly or never to be amended 5 wherefore make the forehead too high at the firrt, and you may be fure to of Ltmming. 203 amend if, bee nottoohafty tolcflenit, but proceed with judgement and consideration. To draw the trace after the carnation is layd, and to give the red to the cheeks, take lake and vermilion, and for to light, take Venice cerufe only, for an old man addea fade okcr unto it, for the ftiadowes take a lit* tie black and lake, but for a woman make it very white, for an old man take the other fhadowes and a little foot, forthelaftfbadowfor the composing of the f ee, take lake a little black, with forae ruflet oker, and foot; as for the hayre, it muft bee fhadowed according unto the colour thereof. Shadowing in limming mud not bee driven with the flat of the pencil!,as in oyle work; differnper or wafhing, but with the point of the pencill, with little touches, of colours, very thin and like hatches, though the fhadows be never fo great, yet mud it be made after the fame man* ner, with little touches, but trench not too long in one place, lcftitgliflen, but let it dry an houre or two, and then deepen itagaine. And to make one the more perfe& in this work, it were good ta pra&ifc to hatch fome well graven fmall peecesof Durer, to the end you may handle the point of the pencill in like manner. Keep your colours ready wafhed, dried, and ground, each in fcverall boxes, apart by themfelves, and temper them by little and little, as you havcoccafion to ufc them- for a colour after it is once dried in the fhcll, never work- ed) fb well afterwards.* But if it happen that you have tempered too much of a colour, and that it bee dried in the (bell, you muft temper them with your finger very cleane, when you will ufe thereof, [addea little gum, if it 204 The third Booke temper not well, but beware you rput not too mucH gum in. If any colour crack too much in the (hell, temper ther- ewith a little fugarcandy, but not too much, led it make it (bine. If a colour will not take by rcafon of fome fwcaty hand that hath touched your parchment, temper with your colour a little earc wax, to give it as it were a cade. The fame is good tike wife if any colour pecle off, to temper the colour that you mend it with, and it will never peele any more. Want of gum is the caufe that your colours temper like lome or clay, and will draw no linear all. Of mixing and tempering colours• White lead with yellow okcr, maketb a draw colour; with adding azure,it maketb a sky colour * and fo likewife by adding fmalt and verdigreafe,or pinck it makes the co- lour of leaves, and herbs. White with the rud of iron maketh the agat colour. White with endego, makes a sky colour. White with vermilion, makes the colour of unripe drawbcrrics. White with carnation, makes the colour of damask rofes. White with umber and other fhadowing earth, makes the colour of barks of trees, blocks, wood, and denes. Yellow with vermilion, makes the colour of fire Ali- ning, alfo an orange tawny. Lake and azure make a violet or columbine colour: vermilion and lake make the colour of ripe drawberries, rofes, rubies, red lips, blood and fcarler. Vcrdigrcafc with pinck, maketh a very frefb green- A- of Limming. 205 zure, fmalr,and pinck make a dark green. Azure wi h turnfole makes a purple or violet colour, and fo with roffet, azure, finapcr, and black, make a fan- guinc or murry colour. Red lead and roafticot make a lion tawny. Now all thefc mixtures may bee lightned, and divcrfly varied, according as they arc mixed with more or leffe, whence arife fundry medlycs,which would be too tedious forme hereto recite. Of liquors to diaper yvithaG. Cut fine litmofein pecccs, fteep it twenty foure hourcs in gum water, and the water will be as blew as azure, with which you may diaper, and fet out all other blewes, and gums fora need. Flory blew ground with roffet, maketh a deep violet, adde to it a little cerufe,and it will be a light violet • put a little more cerufe, and a little allum, let it lie all night, and it will bee good to diaper on other grecnes. Cinapcr lake ground with the water of turnfoil, and ftiffe gum water, will be a and therewith you may diaper upon a light crimfon. How to represent diamonds, and other precious flouts. Firft lay the ground, goldorfilver, as the colour of the Rone requircth; when it is dry, burnifo it, and draw upon itfquarcs, according as you will have the cuts or fquaresjthcn fhadow it with tranfparant colors,according 206 The third Booh unto the colours of the ftones that you endevour to re* prefent. How to wajb yourpencils, Rub the ends of them well with foap, then lay them awhile in warm water to ftccp, then take them out, and walk them well in cleane water. 207 9 Of paynting in oyle. Irft I will fticw you how to make fize • then IW* to prime your boards and cioatbes 5 andalfo j|||§y|j how to black your frames •' then how to tem- per, order, and lay on your colours. Howto make fi^efor jour boards. Takeglewandfecthcit very long in faire water, untill thegle w be cleane diffolvea, and it is done. How to make whiting. Take the forefaid fize, mix it with whiting ground, heat it, and fo white your boards, being made imooth, after you have whited them, let them dry 5 white them over a fecond or third time, letting them dry after every whiting, then fcrapethemfmootb, thendraw it over with white lead tempered with oyle. How t white or prime cloth• Take the fineftcanvacc that you can get, and fmootb it over with a flcckftonc, then fize it over with fize, end a 208 The third Booke lirtlchony, end let it dry, then white it over once with whiting and fize mixed with a little hony 5 bony keeps it from cracking, peeling, and breaking out, then you may draw your picture on it, with a coale or fuch like, and laftly lay on your colours. How td black yourframes. Temper lamp black with fize, and therewith black your frames, you muft only put your black unground in- to your fize, ftirit with your brulh, and fo work it. How to gild the edges of your frames» Take white lead, ancf a little red lead, grinde th cm to gether with linfeed oyle, and lay it over the place which you will gild, and let it dry a day or two, then lay it over againe with the fame colour, and two dayes after you may cover it with ieafegold 5 firft with a (harp knife cut the gold in ftrips, according unto your work, then with a leather lay it on, and prefle it down with wooll, when it is dry,burni(hir. Linfecd oyic is the beft for pi&ures, but nut oyle is the beft for ruffes, and all linnen • for your linfecd oyle will turn yellow: divers Painters there arc, who havinghaftc of work, do ufe to temper their colours with one part of fat oyle, and two of common linfecd oyle, and by this meanesthey make the colours dry the fooner: this fat oyle is only linfeed oyle expofed to the weather, and fo it becometh thicker, yet fometimes you (hall fee it fo thick, tbatyoti may cut it almoftlikc butter. It may bee made by boy ling the oyle awhile, but the former is the better 5 of Payming. 209 if your cloth have any knots on if, or uneven thred$,thcn wcarc them off by rubbing it with a fine putmnicc done. Flefb colour. Take white lead, grinde it with oyle, lake, and vermi- lion, fo you may make it pale or high coloured, at your jpleafure. White. Whiting is a white to white boards only, but white lead ground with nut oyle, maketh a pcrfcft white. • ■ Black, Lamp blacky Printers black. Lamp black is a good black; the black earth that the Printers that print maps and copperplates, is far better; but for velvets, Hartfnorn black, or Ivory black are the bed, and it is thus made. Hart(horn or Ivory blacky or velvet black. 4 Take Hartfliorn, or Ivory, burn it to coales, and then grinde it with oyle. It is made by burning Hartfliorn in a crucible clofe ftopt that the ayre come not in, for halfe an hourc, afterwards ground and waflacd. Char coale black. Charcoale black is good to fbadow ruffes, or iinnens, and it is thus made \ grinde charcoales very fraall with water, let it dry, and then grinde it with oyle. 210 The third Booke S tactile black i Seacoale black ferveth for divers ufcs, as Hartfaorn black doth, and it is made ascharcoale black is. Afalfe blew: Blew of Inde is to make a falfe ground for a blew, and it muft be ground with oyk. blew, Eyce blew. Azure blew or fmalt muft never be ground, nor your byce, but they muft bee tempered with your knife upon the pallet. Rcdt red lcad> vermilion, lake. Red lead is a good colour to lay under gold, vermilion is a crimfon colour, lake is the bed bloodtolour. A hay re colour, Vmbcr is a hay re colour. 7eUoxv% mafiicot, orftmentigambaHgsMm. Madicotis a perfeft yellow, when you grindc it, you muft rub it very lightly, clfcit willlofe the colour* alfo orpiment and garobaugHim are both very good yellows. Green Verdigrtafe. Vcrdigrcafcis a good green, and it is ufually m;xcd among your blacks, to make them dry. of Paynting. 211 Tellotv, yellow oker, reddtjb. Yellow oker raakeih a bright haire colour! Brown of Spaine maketh a kindeof reddifli colour. Red lead and verdigreafe are drying colours, for being mixed with others that of themfclves will not dry, they make them for to dry. Here followcth the figure of the Pallet to put your co- lours upon. How to order your colour upon your Pallet• For the drawing of a pi&ure, you muftfirft lay yoftr (ingle colours in order upon your Pallec thus • a little white lead, a little vermilion, a little lake, fo tawny co- lour, or feacoale black,oker, verdigreafe 5 then your bices (or your blewes, yellowcs, and other colours, at your pkafurc, each apart: when you have (b difpofed them, make your mixtures under them. You muft have a frame made with a ft ay upon the The third Booke back, to fer it higher or lower* and it mud hare divers holes in the two former railes of it, and there mud bee two pins, on each fide one: this frame is called by Artifts an Eafell, and it is to place your board or cloth nailed on a frame that you intend to work upon, for the more con. venicncc of working it, and ea(e to the workman. Now followcth the manner of mixing arid laying your colours. The Enfitt. Hew to temper end Uy your colours upon apifirire. Firft you muft begin with the white of the eye,and for it you mull temper charcoale black with white lead, then lay a carnation or flefh colour over the face, and for to make this, you muft temper white lead with lake and vermilion* then ftiadow the face as youfee cawfe, and make the nofc at your pleafurc ; draw the compare of the note with tome dark reddifh fhadow, then fhadow your cheeks and lips, with the ftroak between the lips, with vermilion and lake : if need require ir, you may lay it with white, or fomc light fhadow, but the ftroak be- tween the lips mu ft bee all lake, or rood of it ; then make the circles of theeyes : for a grey eye, mix charcoalc black with white leader he brighter you will have ir,put the more white lead 5 the fadder, the more black * for the black cir- cle of the eye, lake, umber, feacoale black, and a little white, mix them according to diferetion * to make the round black in the midftof the eye, mix lampblack with verdigreafc 5 for the hands, you rauft firft lay them with flefh colour, as the face, and fhadow the veines with the fame (hadowes, making the (badowes between the fin- gers, fomewhat fadder, and the knuckles fomewhat red- der with vermilion and lake : the naylesgoovcr with a light ftroak of white, and fhadow them above with a dark flefh colour fhadow, fomewhat fad : if you would have your flefh colour to look any thing yellow,you may put a little yellow okerto it, and make it as much or as little as you will: for a black or fwarthy colour or complexion, you muft make it as it followeth ; mix vermilion, white lead, lake, and yellow oker, the browner you will have ir, put the more umber into the (hadowes, make the fhadow of umber and feacoale black* For the hayre and teeth* Forblack hayre take lamp black,and where you would have it brighter, mix it with umber, and white lead, and red lead : lor flaxen hayre, take umber ar d white lead. of Pointing* 213 214 The third Booke the browner, the more umber; the brighter, the more white ; yet if you will have it a little browne, mingle a little feacoale black with it: for yellow hayre take mafti- cot, umber, yellow oker, and a little red lead •. the redder you will have it, put to the more red lead and umber: for white hayre take halfe Ivory black, and halfe umber, temper them with your knife, with white lead ; the whi- ter you would have them, put to the more white 5 the darker, the more umber and Ivory. For the teeth take white lead, and ftiadow it with char- coale black. Colours for apparrcll. For Linnen. For ruffes take ch?rcoale black, and mix it with white lead, make it darker or lighter at your plcafure • but when you make your lace on ruffes,cuffes,or fuch like,you mud pucroitalittleoyleand fmalt ; you muft remember,as I have already told you, to temper all your colours for lin- nen with oyle of nuts, for linfecd oyle will turn yellow* For Velvets. For black velvet take lamp black and verdigreafe, for your firft ground; when that is dry, take Ivery black,and verdigreafe $ (hadow it with a little white lead mixed with lampblack. For green velvet take lamp black and white lead, and work it like a ruffet velvct,andletit dry -then draw it over with verdigreafe tempered with a little pinck; of Paynting. 215 For feagrcen velvet take only verdigreafe, lay it over the forefaid ruflet: If you will have it a grafle green, put a little mafticot unto it 5 you muft (hadow thefc greens in ruflet 5 for the lighter or ladder you would have your green to be, you muft fir A lay your ruflet accordingly. For red velvet take vermilion, and (hadow it with brown of Spain • where you will have itdarkeft, take Tea. coale black and brown of Spain to (hadow among the forefaid colours 5 let it dry, and then glofle it over with lake. For crimfon or carnation velvet take the more or lefle white lead to the vermilion at your pleafure. For blew velvet take oyle and fmalt. For yellow velvet take maAicot and yellow oker, and where you will have it darkeft, (hadow it with umber. For tawny velvet take brown of Spain, white lead,and lamp black,mixt with a little verdigreafe,to Aiadow where there is occafion • when it is dry, glofle it over with lake and a little red lead. For purple velvet take oyle, fmalr, and lake, of each a like proportion, temper them together, with white lead, bright or fad it according unto your diferetion. For afli colour velvet take charcoalc black and white lead, lighten it asyoupleafe with white lead ; you mu A temper a colour like unto a dark ruflet, and this will be an afli colour: For haire coloured velvet take umber ground of it felfe, and where your glaflc (hall bee brighteft, mix fomc white lead, and where you make the folds about the edges, lighten or darken it with white lead and umber. Note, that when you work velvet, you muft at the firft work it fomc what fad, aad then give it a fudden bright- ncffc. 216 The third Books Smenu For black fatten take lamp black, and grindc it with oy 1c, and then temper it with white lead, and where you will have it to (hine mod, mix a little lake with the white lead. For white fatten take white lead, and grinde it by ic felfe, aifo grinde Ivory black by ic fclfe j thefe you muft temper lighter or darker according as you would have your fatten (hew, For green fatten take verdigreafe, and grindc it by ic fclfc, then mix fomc white lead therewith, and where you would have it (hew brighteft, adde fome pinck to it. If you would have it more popingey, adde more pinck to your white lead ; where you would (hadow it deepeft, adde more verdigreafe. For yellow fatten take mafticot, and grinde it by ic felfe, yellow oker by it felfe, and umber by it fclfe \ where you would have it brighteft, ufe mafticot alone, where you would have a light (hadow, let oker ferve, where dar- keft, take umber ; you may mix them at pleafurc, but where you will have the (added (hadow,u(e umber only. For blew fatten take oyle, fmalt, and white lead, mix them, where you would have it faddeft, ufe fmalt, where lighted, ufe white lead. For a purple fatten lay fmalt alone, and where you would have it brighteft, ufe white lead. For orange tawny fatten take red lead and you will have it brighteft,ufe red lead, and where faddeft, ufe more lake. For red fatten grinde brown of Spain by it fclfe, mix ic of Paynting. 217 with vermilion, and where it (hall be brighteft, mix white lead with yoar vermilion. For haire colour fatten mix umber and white lead, where you will have it (hew brighteft, put more white lead, and where you will have the cuts moft (hadowed, ufe a little feacoale black with your umber. For tiffoties. You muft make your taffatiesas you do your fattens, laying the changeable taffaties thus: take divers colours, as you (hall fee beft, and lay them one by another upon your work, and fo (badow them with another, and work them finely one amongft another, at your pleafiirc. For cloth. It is in a manner all one to make cloth and fatten, but you muft not give your cloth lo fudden a fhining gloffe. To make cloth of gold, take brown okcr and liquid gold, water and highten upon the fame with fmall gold ftroaks. For luihcr. For Buffe take yellow okcr and fomc white lead, work it, and where you would have it dark by degrees, mix it with a little umber, and when you have wrought it all over, take a broad penciil, and fize it over with a little um- ber and feacoale black. For yellow leather take mafticot, and yellow oker, and umber to (hadow it more or lefie at your plcafure. For black leather for flaoocs take jlamp black, and Oaa- dow it with white lead more or leffe. The third Booke For metals. For iron take lamp black well tempered with white lead; if you will have it dunorrufty, take fome (cacoale black, and mix it with a little white, u For Giver eake charcoalc black and white lead, and where you will have it darkeft, ufc more cbarcoale, and workyour Giver fomewhat ruftilb, then give it a fudden glofle with white lead only, where you think good* For gold take lake, umber, red lead,and mafticot. theft are the colours for gold ; you muft lay the ground with red lead, and a little dry pinck, if you plcafe 5 where you will have it darkeft, (badow it moft with umber, and where lighteft, with mafticot. Note, that when you grindeyour red lead to make your gold fize, yeu muft put a little verdigrca/c into it, to make it dry the fooner. For furies, For to make Pcarlcs you muft temper cbarcoale black with white lead, untill it bfccome a perfe& ruffet 5 then make your pearle with it,and give it a fpcck of white lead, only to make it ftiinc : note, that the gliflcning ccrufe which was mentioned in the Artof Limming, being tern, pered with oyle of white poppy, is moft excellent to highten up pcarles. For precious fioms. To imkc Carbuncles, Rubies, &c. you muftfirft lay their counterfeit grounds, then with tranfparant colours* ofPayntmg. 219 (fuchasarclakc, vcrdigrcafe, and vtrditet) give them a Chining glofTc. For fire* For fire, where it is redded, lay red lead, and vermilion tempered together* where the flame is blew, takcoylcj finale, and white lead 5 where it is yellow, take raafticot, and work it over in Tome places, where yon will have it fhine mod, with vermilion, yet fo as your vermilion may appeare. For the sky. Take oyle, fmalt, and mix them with linfccd oyle on your pallet * you mud not grinde it all, (for then it will lofeits colour) temper it with white lead only, as bright as you will have it, and where it looketh red, ufe lake with your white lead, and fmalt. For wood. Forfomckindesof wood you mud take lake, umber, and white $ forothcrs,charcoaleandwhitc. for others, fcacoaleand white $ for fomealfo umber, black, white,and a little green : alfo if your wood look red, take a little lake or vermilion among your forefaid colours, as you fhall think bed. How to wajhyour pencils. Take a deep drinking glade, and fill it halfe full with cleanelinfeed oyle, then put your pencils that you have 220 The third Booke wrought with oyle, into the fame, and rub their bruffi ends againtl the (idea of thcglaflc, and the oyle wil loofcn the colour from off them, which wil fink to the bottom of the glaffe h you may ufc thefe fctled colours for to prime your cloth and boards.. How to prefers*your oyle colours, and keep them from drying. Put each colour by it felfe in little pans or pots, and fet them in the water that they may be coucrcd oucr thcr- with, and they wil keep moift a great while, that you may work with them at your pleafure, otherwife they will dry quickly, and being once dry, wil ncuor bee tem- pered again to work with. Paintings rauft bee placed in their proper places, with their fbadowes from the light. . c*"* Qf diflempering or working in great with water colours. This kinde of work is all one with painting in oyle, faving that the colours arc tempered with gum water, or fizc : it is more fpeedily performed, but the colours will not continue fo freih as in oyle. T§ make colouring called Vernix: to occasions would not IK permit me to diffofe in fucb order as 1 would have done $1 thought it would not bee amiffe to call them by the names of Extra vagants, and jo toJetthemdowneas 1 found them, either injerted amongtt other my notes, as I put them in praftije, or as they came into remem- brance• / would have beene more copious in Qbirurgicall experiments> becaufe f have alwayes much delighted therein, both feen and made much experience thereof > but living consi- dered with my (elfe, that tbofe things would beft fuit with themfehes, and bee acceptable unto every one, 1 havepurpofely made a rejervation of Jome, which accordingly as I fhaU perceive tbefeto be of I /ball, if God permit, preftntyou with in a peculiarTrattat hereafter. Extravagants. How to make a light bnrne under the water > being a every pretty conceipt to take fijh. HEcthercbeaglafle,asA, having a hole at the bottom, to put a candle in with a fere wed foe*’ kct.Thc Pocket muft have a loop at the bottom, whereunto you muft hang a weight of fuch heavinefle, that it may draw the body of the glaftc under water. The neck of this glade muft be open, and ftand above the water * alfo about the neck muft be faftned a good broad peecc of wood; round about which (but on that fide of it that is next unto the water) muft bee placed divers pceces of looking glades * fo the light of the candle in the glade body will be multiplied according unto the number of them. All the fifties nccre will refort about it, as amazed at fo glorious a fight* and foyou may take them with a caft net or other. Another pretty conceipt for the fame purpofe, but more eafie to be madey and with lejje co(t. Provide a pcece of wood turned hollow like unto a poking or fttelc flick, as A B, in the top of this wood at the fidcs of it let there faflned fourc little flicks, or rather pceces of wycr, which may pafle thorGW fourc pccces of cork, as G D E F, and fo turn up, and be faflned again in a thin light peecc of board, as MM, in which board muft be faflned a great looking glaflc, if you would make one great light, but divers little pceces, if you defire a multi- plication of lights,and upon the top of this board let there be faflned a loop ofiron to let it into the water by meancs of a pole with a hook at the end of it, and at the bottom of the turned wood let there bee tied a weight or ftone of fufficient bigneffe. Thorow the corks G D E F there ought to be drawn another wyer quite round, and to be bound faft unto the former wyers, and it is finifbed. When you would occupy ir, fill the wood AB almoft full of water, light a candle and put into it, and it will fwirn in it, and fo burn lcifurely 5 then place it in a pond Extravagant s• 241 or river, with a hook, and the light will be difperfed in a great compafle about the water. How to make an image bang in the \ middleofaglajfe. Make the lower part of the image of hard wax, and the upper part of wood, and overlay it with oyle colours; then put itintoaglobeglafTe filled with faire water, and which way foever you turn the glafTc, the image will ftili hang in the middle, and (land as it were uprights which, to my knowledge, hath been a thing caufing no fmall admiration among divers that have not underftood thecaufcof it. Extravagantss. How to make five or fix Dice bftbe ordinary bigneffe of Dice, fuch cu yon may game witbaO, and fucb as would be taken by their looks to be ordinary Dice, and yet all of them to weigh not above one grains. Take a peece of Elder and pith it, lay the pith to dry, and then make thereof with a (harp knife five or fix Dice, and you (hall finde it true that I have laid. How to lay gold on any thing. Take red lead ground firft very fine, temper it with linfeed oyle: write with it, and lay leafegold on it, let it dry, and pollifli it. To lay gold onglaffe, Grinde chalk and red lead, of each a like quantity, to- gether, temper them with linfeed oyle, lay it on - when it is almoft dry, lay your Icafe gold on it, when it is quite dry pollifh it. How to make iron or fteelc exceeding hard. Quench your infirument (even times in the blood of a male hog, mixed with goofe greafe, and at each time dry it at the fire before you wet it, a d it will become excee- ding hard, and not brittle; approved. Extravagants. To makeiron as foft as lead. Take black flints, powder them very finely $ then pat the powder in an iron pan, and make it red hot, then cad it on a marble (lone, till it be ataoft cold, then make it red hot againe, and 2oc it coolc, and grinde it Co long till it cleave to the done, and grinde as it were clay; then put ehat in a glade, and fet it under the eaves of a houfe, where the Sunne commech not nigh in the day, then the night after take out the water that you (hall findc in the glade above the powder, then tab that ‘powder and grinde it with the water, and put it in a dillatory, and let it (till out the halfe ; afterward pourethe water againe on the (aid powder, and dill it againe with a foft fire ; then take and feethe that water till the halfe be waded, then take fome iron blade of a knife that is new broke, and put it together, and hold it foa little while y then take of the water which was fodto the halfe, and with a feather lay it firft to the one fide of tjie blade, and when the water is cold, lay it on the other fide, and it will foder fad with this water ; and with this water you may makedccle as foft as lead. It is likewife a foveraigne water to help the gout, being anoynted where the griefe is, for it giveth cafe very fpcedily. To colour tyn, or coppery istc* of a golden colour. , Take linked oyle, fet it on the fire, feum it cleane,then put therein of amber, and aloe hepaticum, alike quanti. ty, then beat and ftirre all well together with the oyle till it wax thick 5 then take it off, and cover it clofe, and fet it 244 Fxtrafagants. in the earth three dayes: when you would ufc it, ftrike your metall all over therewith, and fo let it dry, and it will be of a golden colour; I To gild iron with d water, • Take running water 3 pound, rocballum 3 pound, and Roman vitreoll one ounce, of verdigreafe one penny weight j faltgcm three ounces, orpiment one ounce, bovlc all thGfc together, and when it begins to boyle, put in lees of tartar and bayfalt, of each balfc an ounce, make it fecthe, and being fbd a pretty while, take it from the fire, and ftrike the iron over therewith, then let it dry againft the fire, and then burnifh it. To foder on iron., Set your joynt of iron as dole as you can, then lay them fo in a glowing fire; then take of .Venice giaffc in fine powder, and the iron being red hot, caft the powder thereon, and it (hall foder of it fclfc. If you clap it in clay, it will be thefurer way, r- T0 gild on iron or Jleele. Take one ounce, of argail, three drammes of vermilion, and two drammes of bole armoniack, with as much aqua vita?, then work and grinde them all together on a done, with linfeed oyle; having fo done, put thereto lapis cala- * minaris as big as a bazell nut, and grinde therewith in the end three or foure drops of vcrnifti; take it off the (tone, Araine it thorow a linnen cloth into a done pot, (for it muA be as thick as hony) then Arike over your iron ther- with, and let it dry, and then lay your gold or fil ver on, as you would do upon the vernifh. A vtrnifb likegold, for tytt, ftlver, or copper. Take fmall pots well leaded, then put therein fix ounces of linfecd oyle, one ounce of maAick, one ounce of aloes cpaticum ; make them altogether in fine powder, and then put it into your laid pot, and cover it with fuch another; yet in the bottom of the uppermoA pot make a fmall hole, wherein put a fmall Aick with a broad end beneath, to Air the other pot withal), and when the pots are fetjuA together, clofc them all about with good clay, and cover them ail over alfo, leaving the hole open above to Air the other pot with the Aick ; fet it over the fire, and Air it as often as it feetheth, and when y ou will gild, pollifh your mctall over fir A, and then Arike this over the mctall, and let it dry in the Sunne, Hoyp to melt met all >*£, wher- in the filings of braflcarc difiolved: the like may be done with Roman vitreoll diflolvcd in vinegcr and faire water, of each a like quantity. but it will not continue long. To make wood or bone red for ever. . Take the powder of Brazill, mingle it well with millr, but fo, that it be very red, and put therein cither wood or bone, letting it lie in eight dayes, and it will look red for ever. * How with one candle to make as great a light, as otherwife oftwo or three ofthe feme btgnefe, Caufc a round and double glafle to be made, of a large fizc, and in fafhion like a globe, but with a great round hole in the top, and in the concave part of the uppermoft glafle, place a candle in a loofe focket, and at the fame hole or pipe which muft be made at the fide thereof, fill the fame with fpirit of wine, or feme other cleere diftihed water that will not putrifle, and this one (candle will give a great and Wonderfull light, fomewhat rcfembling the Sunncbeames. A cement for broken glafetl Beat the whiteftfifliglcw with a hammer, till it begin to wax cleere, then cut the fame into very flnall pceccs, fuffering the fame to diflolve on a gentle Are, in a leaded pan, with a few drops of aqua vitae, then let iome other that ftandeth by, hold both the peeces that are to be ce~ mented,over a chafingdifh ofcoalcs,tilI they be during their heat, lay on the diffolved glew with a fine penfill 3 then bindc the glafle with wycr or thred, and let it reft til! it be cold. Extran>agaHts. 249 250 Extrayagants. An admirable ficret of reprefentingthe and in the bottom of the vefTell you (hall have a kind* of fait, which take and Cow in good ground wel prepared, and you (hall have your defire. Note alfo,that the lixivi- um or ly made with water and thcaQacs of any vegetable, yea mincrall, or animall, if it freeze in winter into ice, ex. a&ly reprefen ts the rcall fpecies whence you made the a(he$ ; which teftifies that the form of any thing con- tinues in the (ale after the diftolution of the creature. A device to bendglaffe canes, or make anj fmoll work in gUjfc. Let there be a vcflcll of copper about the bignefle of a common Foot-ball, as A, let it have a long pipe at the top, asC, which mud bee made fo, that you may upon occafion (crew on leffer or bigger vents made for the pur- pofe. Fill this one third part with water, and let it over a furnace of coales, asF G I, and when the water begin- ncth to heat, there will come a ftreng breath out of the nofe of the vcffd that wil force the flame of a lamp placed 252 Extravagant?, at a convenient diftance, as K ; if you hold your glaflc in theextentionof the flame, it wil melt fuddenly ; foyou may work what you wil thereof. There are that inftead of this globe make ufe of a pipe, as D, faftned in a flick, of which I have made ufc, bet hold it not fo convenient for thofe that are not accuftomcd thereunto. An excellent water for any morphed, orJcur- vimjfe in the free. Take an ounce ofquick fulphur, two ounces of black fopc, the rankeft and ill favourdft that can be got : binde them up in a cloth, and hang them in a pint of the flrong- eft wine vinegcr for the fpace of nine dayes • herewith wafli the morphew in the face or clfcwhcre, and let it dry ia of itfelfe. This water wil for the prefent (lain the face with a yelow colour, which wil wcare aw3y in time. Extravagants. 253 How to [often iron. Take of alum, falarmoniack, tartar, a like quantity of either, put them into good vineger, and fet them on the fire 5 heat your iron, and quench it therein. good cement for broken gUffes. Take raw filk, and beat it with glafle, and mix them together with the whites of cgs. Another. . Take of calcined flints, quick lime, and common fait, of each a like quantity • mingle them al together with the whites of egs • then take a linnen cloth and fpread it over with this mixture, and put it upon the frafture, and let it dry 5 afterwards anoynt it with Linfced oylc. Howto caufe that the fame quantity both of powder and {hot difehargedoutofthe fame Peece [hall carry defer, or morefcattering. Take the quantity of a peafe of opium, and charge it araongft the (hot, and this will make the fhot to fly clofee together than otherwife it would. This I had of a Sea- man, who had made trial hereof, as hee faid, and unto whom I fold fome for the fame purpofc 5 and it is very probable, for it is of a congealing and fixative nature. bait to catch fifh. Take Coccnlus India i fs, henbane feeds, and whea* 254 Extravagants. ten flower, of each a quarter of an ounce, hive hony as much as wil make them into pafte. Where you Ice moft ftore of Fifla in the River, caft of this pafte into it in divers little bits about the bigneffc of barley corncs, and anon you dial fee the fifla fwimtfic on the top of the water,fome reeling to and fro as drunkcn,others with their bellies upwards as if they were nigh dead ; fothat you may take them cither with your hands, or a fmall net at the end of a ftick made for the fame ufc. Note here, that if you put the fifli that you thus take, into a bucket of faire and frefh water, or if it raine after that you have caft this your bait into the water, they will revive and come to themfelvcs to your admiration; and this was told me by a Gentleman of good credit, that hath often made ufe thereof. I have heard that the ftinking oyle drawn out of the roots of polipody of the oak by a retort, mixed with turpentine, and hive hony, and being anoynted upon the bait will draw the flfb mightily thereto, and make them bite the fafter: and I my felfe have feon fifties, as Roches,i and taken in the dead time of winter with an angle, bay ted only with pafte made of wheaten flowre, but it hath been in the morning, and when the Sunne hath flained. How to write •without inke that it may not he Jeen, unleffe the paper be wet with water. Take fome vitreol, and powder it finely, and temper it with faire water in any thing that is clean, when it is dif- folvcd, you may write whatsoever you wil with it, and it cannot be ? you draw it thorow water wherein fome powder of gals hath been infufed, and fo it wil (hew as black as if it had been written with inke; How to make white letters in a black field. Take the yolk of a newlaydegg, and grinde it upon a marble with fairc water, fo as you may write with it: having ground it on this wife, then with a pen dipt into it, draw what letters you wil upon paper, or parchment, and when they arc through dry, black al the the paper over with inkc s and when it is dry, you may with a knife ferape al the letters of that you wrote with the yolk of the egg, and they wil (hew fairc and white. How to foder upon fiber, or iron- There are twokindcs of Soder, towcer, hard Soder, and foft Soder. The fofc Soder runneth fboncr than the hard j wherefore ifa thing be to be fodered in two places, which cannot at one time wel bee performed, then the firft muft be fodered with hard foder5and the fecond with foft 5 for if the firft be done with foft, it wil unfodcr again before the other be fodered; Note, that if you would not have your foder to run over any one part of the peece to bee fodered, you muft rub over that part with chalk that you would not have it run upon. Note likewife, that your foder muft be beaten thin,and then layd over the place to be fodered, which muft be firft fitted together, and bound with wycr as occafion fha! te- quirc.Then take Burras,powder ir,nnd temper it with wa- ter like pap, and lay it upon the foder, and let it dry upon it by the fire: afterwards cover it with |quick coales, and Extravagant*. 255 blow them up, and you Chall fee your fodcr run imroedi- 3tdy j then prefcntly take it out of the firc,and it is done. Hard Soder is thus made. Take a quarter of an ounce of filver,and a three penny weightof copper, melt them together, and it is done. Soft Soder is thus made. Take a quarter of an ounce of filver, and a three penny weightof brafle, melt them together, and it is done. How to gildfilver > or hr ajfe, with gold-water. Firft take about two ounces of quickfilvcr, put it into a little melting pot, and fet it over the fire, and when it be- ginneth to fmoke, put into it an angel of One gold 5 then take it off prcfently, for the gold wil prefcntly be diffol- vedinthcquickfilvcr3 which if it be too thin, you may thorowapeece of fuftian ftrain a part of the quickfilvcr from it. Note like wife, that your filver or brafle, before you go about to gild it, muft bee boy led in argali, and becrc, or water, and afterwards fcrarcht with a wyer bruffa; then rub the gold and the quickfilvcr upon it, and it wil cleave unto it, then put your filver or brafle upon quick icoales untill it begin to fmoke \ then take it from the fire, andfcratchit with your wyer bruth : do this fo often till you have rubd the quickfilvcr as cleane off as you can, then final you perceive the gold to appeare of a faint yclow colour, which you may make to appeare faire with fal armoniack, bole armoaiack, and verdigreafe ground together, and tempered with water. 256 Extrayagants. Extravagant!, 257 Bow to take the fntoke of Tobacco thorow a glajfe of water. Fir ft fil a pintc glade with a wide mouth, almoftful of fairc water $ fil alfo a pipe of Tobacco, and put the pipe upright into the glade of water, fo that the end of the pipe may almoft touch the bottom of the glade ; then take another crooked pipe,and put it into the glade, but let the end thereof not touch the water; wax then the mouth of the glade, that no ayre may come in nor out, but at the pipes: then put fire unto the Tobacco,and fuck with your mouth at the end of the crooked pipe,and you fhal fee the fmoke of the Tobacco penetrate the water, and break out ofa bubble, and fo come into your mouth. Mow to colour wood ofa fine brown colour« Firft take a brufh made of hogs bridles, and dip it in- to common aqua fort*, and therewith wet the wood al over, then dry it gently before the fire, and when the wood begins to change colour, rub it over with linfeed oy!e,and then dry it in the Sunne, and it wil be ofa dain- ty fine brown colour, as brown as a berry. To colour tyory or any other bones> of an ex~ cellent green colour. Take aquafort is, wherein didoJve as much copper as thefaid water is able, then let the bones that you would have coloured, ly in the fame al night, and they wil bee like a Smaragdin colour: Mizaldus, 258 Extravagant:. Howto make bird! drunk, fo that you may take them with your funds. Take fcch meat as they love, as wheat, barley, and lay the fame to ftcep in the lees of wine, or elfe in the juyee of hemlock, and fprincklc the fame in places where birds ufc to haunt. way to catch Crowes. Take the liver of a beaft, and cut it in divers peeces, put then into each peecc, fomc of the powder of nttx vo- mica, and lay thefe peeces of liver in places where Crows and Ravens haunt. Anon after they have eaten them, you may take them with your bands, for they cannot fly away. Howto take Grows or Pigeons. Take white peafen, and ftcep them eight or nine dayes in the gall of an Ox • then caft the fame where they ufc to haunt. , You may make Partridges, Ducks, and other birds drunk, fo thatyou may take them with your hand, if you let black wine for them to drink, in thofc places where; unto they refort. Another. Take tormentill,and boyle it in good wine • put into it barley or other grainc : fprincklc this in thofe places you have appointed to take birds in, and the birds wil cat the peeces amongft the grame, which wil make them fo drunk, that they cannot fly away. This (bould bee done in the winter, and when it is a deep fno w. Another way to take birds. Makeapafteof barley mealc, onion blades, and hen- bane feeds ; fee the fame upon fevcral little boards, or pecces of tiles, or fuch like, for the birds to eat of it* Howto make brajje white/or ever. Takeegge fhels, and burn them in a melting pot: then powder them, and temper them with the whites ofcggcsj let it fland fo three weeks 5 heat your brafle red hot, and put this upon it. devise to fiowre brajfe: Take common aqua fortis% and faire water, of each a like quantity, (bake them together, dip a woollen ragg in this water, and therewith rub your rufty brafle, and it will fetch off the ruft immediatly ; then prefcntly rub it off with an oyly cloth : laftly with a dry wollcn cloth dipt in the powder of lay is ealaminaris (which you may have at the Apothecaries) rub it over hard, and it will be ascleere and bright as it was when it came new out of the (hop. How to make the apparitions of Towers and Caflles to appears in a glajfe of water. Takcan Vrinall, and fill it almofl full with faire water, and take a little faffron and tie it up in a fine iinnen cloth, « - — * * ■■ Extravagant*. 259 166 FxtraVAgdnts? and deep it in the (aid water, and let itremaine until! it have turned the colour of the water, then take the white of an egg and break or fqueefe it between your fingers fc- ven or eight times together, then put it into the water, and (hake it together, and you (hall fee fuch apparitions as I have faid. Cardanu* and Ftiepin*. Hew to make the Thilofpbers tree. Take two ounces of a qua fonts, and pue into it halfc an ounce of fine filver refined, then take an ounce of aqua fort is, and two drams of quickfil ver, mix them together j mix both thefc miftures or diffolutions together: then putitintoaglafie, with halfca piste of water, and flop it up clofe with brimfton, and you (hall day after day fee ehelikencffcofa tree to grow by little andlittfe, very pica, fane to behold. How to hep wine fre/h M tbeyeere, though it be art ted from place to place, and expofed to the heat of the Sunntall day. Put your wine in a glaffebottlc, and put the bottle in a box of wood or leather, and about the glafle bottle put falrpcter, and if will preferveand keep it very frclh. If you put fome little quantity of faltpeter in the fummer time when the weather is very hot, the faltpeter will make the wine fo extreme cold, that it will even make the teeth of him chatter that holdcth it in his mouth. Mow to make marble• Take fix ounces of quicklime, put it into a pot, and Extravagantf, 261 poure upon it one pinteof good wine ; let it Hand five or fix it once or twice a day; then poure off theclcercj and therewith temper flint Hones calcined, and made into fine powder,then colour it,and make of it what plcafc, and let them dry. How to whiten copper. Take a thin plate of copper, heat it red hor divers times, and cxcinguifh it in common oyle of tartar, and it will be white. T 6 make S tit peter. , Take quick lyme,and poure warm water upon it, and let it Hand fix dayes, ftirring it onco.or twice a day : take thcclecre of this, and fet it in the Sunne untill it be walled, and the Saltpeter will remain in the bottom. How to make Corail. Take of red lead gronnd, I r , vermilion finely ground, §fji unquenched lyme, and powder of calcined flints, of each | vi. thefe powders muft be tempered with a lixivi- um that is made with quick lime and wine : adde unco the whole a little fait; then make thereof what you lift; then boyle them in linfecd oyfe. How to make pearles of chalk. Take fome chalk, and put it into the fire; there let it lie untill it break: temper it then with the whites of eggs. Then make of it divers faihions of pcarlcs, both great and 262 Extravagantsi final!; wet them being dryed, and cover them with leafe gold, and they are done. A precious oyle for a fudden ach caufid through cold. Take three pound of May butter unfaltcd,of Bay leaves three handfuls, of Chamomill,Feathcrfew^Wormwood, and Rew, of each two handfuls; Hired all theft finely into a pipkin clofely Hopped: let them boylegently the fpace of an hourc, then put into them eighteen fpoonfuls of fallet oyle, and let them boyle an hourc more 4 then addc two and twenty fpoonfuls of aqua viu, and then let them infufea quarterof an hourc more, then Hrain it, and it is done : when you uft if, warm it, and anoynt the grieved place therewith. Daily experience doth teftific the ex- cellency of this medicine. Kyi gainfl fitting of cold about the head and ft o mack. Take of the beft Englifh faffron, the weight of i s, 6 d. of liquerifh halfc an ounce, angelica roots halfc an ounce, anifteds one ounce, elecampane roors a quarter of an ounce, one nutmeg diced, two branches of rofemary dripped: fteep them all in a pinte and a faalfe of the ftron- geft aqua vita, in a glafTe Hopped very clofc, nine dayes together. Then letthefick cake two fpoonfuls in the mor- ning fading, and as much at bed time. An appro ved and excellent plafler for the Sciatica, for ach in the rsines of the backup in any other part whatfoever. Take one pound of black fopc, and foure ounces of Extravagant** 263 frankinccnfe,anda pintcof white wine vinegcr: boy kali together upon a gentle fire, untill it bee thickc$ fpread it then upon a leathered apply it unto the grieved place. If the ach be very great and feruent, then adde unto it a little aqua vita, and it will be much better. .. An excellent oyntmentfor the Shingles, Morpbew, and Ringwormes. a quarter of a pound of fopc, and mingle with it twodtamsofthc powder of blackc Ellcbor, litharge of filucr in fine powder, two ounces, verdigreafe halfe an ounce, and a quarter of an ounce of glade in powder, and as much quickfiker, make them all into an oyntment by Airring them well together* wherewith anoynt the grie- ved parts. This is approued and true. An excellent Balme, or water for grievous fore eyes, which commit h either of outward accident, or oftny inward caufe. Take two fpoonefuls of the juyee of Fennell, and one fpoonfull and a halfe ofthe juyee of Celandine, and twice as much honey as them both; then boyle them a little upon a chafingdifh of coales, and feum away the dregs which will afccnd,but firft let it code fomewhat,and then let it run thorow afaire clcane cloth: then put it into a viol! of glade, and flop it dole. Put alittlc quantity of this into the eye. medicine is approved, and more pre- cious than gold* 264 Extravagant*] A fpeedy way to affwage thepaine of any feald, or burne, though never fogreat, and to take tbefireoutofk* Take old lawn rags,dip them into Runnet, for want of it dip them into verjuyee, and apply them cold upon the grieved place, (hiftiog them for hal/e an hour® together, as oft as they dry: this I have knowne to give eafe in an xnftant, and quickly to take out the fire. An improved oylefor to htole any burnt orpaid. Take of houfieeke one handful!, and of brooklime as much, boyle them inaquartof crcame untill it turneon- to an oyle* boyle it very gently: with this oyle a little warmed, anoint the grieved place twice a day, and it will foonc make it well* Approved. An oyutmentjvery excellent and% often frovedfor the fame. Take a good quantity of mofie feraped from offaftonc wall, fry it in a fryingpsn with a call of mutton fuet a good while, then firainc it, and it is done. DrefTcthe grieved part therewith once or twice a day, as youfhaU fee fitting. Another oyntmentfor a burnt. Take one part of fallct-oyle, and two parts of the whites of egges, beat them together exceeding well, until! they come to be a white oyntment, wherein dip tbe fea. ther ofa blacke hen, and anoync the grieved place diuers escry day, untill fuch time as the feales fall off,ufing Extravagants", 265 in the meanc while neither clothes nor any outward bind- ing, for thefc will flick, and fo together draw off the skin. This, faith CMinjhet the author, chough it feeme to be a thing of no eftimation, yet was there ncucr found any more effe&uall for a burne than it is. Since I wrote this I received a Letter from an dpeeiall friend in the Country that hath often times made uie of it,affirming the excellen- cy and undoubtednefle of it, faying alfo that this very me- dicine is of much value. An excellent ointment fer agreene wound. Take fourc handfuls of Clownes, Allheale, bruifeir, and put it into a pan, and put to kit foure ounces of bar. towes greafe,fallct-oylc halfc a pound, Bees waxe a quar- ter of a pound; boylethem all umill the iuyee be wafted; then ftraine it, and fet it ouer the fire againe,and put unto it two ounces of Turpentine, then boyle it a little while more, and it is done. Put hereof a little in a fauccr, and fet it on the fire, dip a tent in it, and lay it on the wound, but firftlay another plaiftcr round about the wound, made of diapalma mollified a little with oyle of Roles. This cureth very fpeedily all grccne wounds, as faith M. Gerard, ABalfim of wonderfull efficacy. Take Burgundic pitch, brimftone, and white frankin- cenfe,ofeachone ounce: make them into an oyntmenc with the whites of egges: firft draw the lips of the wound, or cur, as dofe as you can, then lay on fomeof this fpread upon a cloth, and fwathe it ouer afterwards. 266 Extravagants jin excellent healing Water, which will dry up any old forty or halt any gr tent wound, • Take a quarter of a pound of Bolearraoniackc, powder it by it felfc, then take an ounce of Camphire, powder it alfo by itfelfe* alfotake foure ounces of white Copprasin powder: mixe the Coppras and Camphire together, and put them into a melting pot, and fet them on the fire, un- till they turne unto water;aftcrwards ftirre it until it come to be as hard as a done; then powder it againe,and mixe it with the Bolcarmoniackc; kcepc this powder clofc in a bladder, when you would ufc it,take one pintcand a halfe of fairc water, fet it on the fire, and when it is even ready to boyle, put into it three fpoonfuls of the powder, then take itoffTrom the fire,and put it into a glade, and let it ftand untill it be cleare at the top, then rake off the cleared, and wadi the fore very warmc therewith, and dip a cloth foure double in the fame water, and binde it fad about the (ore with arowler,and keepe it warme: drede it thus twice a day. 4 Waterfor a Fifttth. Take one pintc of white wine,i ounce of juyee of Sagc9 three penny weight of Borace in powder, Camphire in powder the weight of foure pence: boyle them all a pret- ty while on a gentle fire, and it is done: Wafh the Fidula with this water, for it is certainly good, and approved to be true. 4 Water for the Toothache, Take ground ivic, fait, and fpearemint, of each an Extrayagants. handful!: beat them very wcl together, then boyle them in a pintc of vincgcr;ftrainc ir, and put a fpooneful of it into that fide that aketh, and hold dovvneyour checkc. Another Water approved for the fame. Take red rofc leaues halfc a handful, Pomegranate- flowers as many, two gaules diced thinne: boyle them all in three quarters of a pintc of red wine, and halfc a pintc of fairc water untill the third part be waded: then draine it, and hold a little ofit in your mouth a good fpit it out, and take more. Alfo if there be any fwelling on your checkc, apply the drainings betweene two clothes as hot as may be differed. This I hauc knowne to doe good unto diuers in this Citic, when as they hauc been extreme- ly pained. To make a Water for the eyes, Take Lapis burne it in the fire nine times, and quench it in white wine, and beat it into powder, and when you ufc it, put it intorofe water, and drop the water into the eye. For Deafenejfe, Take a good quantity of Carnomill, and two handfuls of grccne Wormcwood, and fecthe them in a pot of run- ning water till they be very well fodden, and put a fun- nell over it, and let the fleame goe up into the care, and then go to bed warme, and dop your care with a little blacke wooll: and a graine of Civet: doe this morning and evening, and with Gods affldancc you flsallflnde cafe. Extravagant!. An excellent Elettuary for the Cough, Qld, or againft Flegme. Take of Germander, Hiflope, Horchound, white Mai- denhaire, Agrimony, Bettony, Liverwort, Lungwort, and Harts-tonguc, of each one handful: put thefe to nine pintes of water, and let them boyle to three pintes; then let it coole and ftraincit.Tothis iuyee put of clarified ho- ney halfc a pound,fine powder of Liquorice five ounces, fine powder of Enulacampana root three ounces, boyle them to the thickneffe of an Ele&uary, Take of this ata- ny time, but fpecially in the morning faffing, as alfo at night when you goe to bed, or two houres afrer fupper, the quantity of a Walnut or Nutmeg. A rusty excellentfahejto he ale, wli approved,for any old fore; or new wound. Take of Waxe, Rofia, Sheepesfuet, Turpentine, of eacha like quantity, Sallctoylc alfoas much: mixethem altogether, and take the iuyee of Smallach, of Piantcn, of Orpin, ofBugloflc,of Gomfery, of each a like quanti- ty: let them boyle untill the juyee of the hearbes be con- fumedjand in the fecthing put a quantity of Rofc-water, andij will be a very good Salve, A foyeraigne Water to heale agrtene wound: and to ftanoh blond* Take a pottle of running water, and put thereto fourc ounces of Allum, and one ounce of Copras, and let them Extravagantf. 269 fecthc to a quart,and then ftraine it, and keep it in a glaflci and wafh the wound, and wet a cloth, and lay to the fore, and with Gods helps it wil foonc be healed. dgainjt bleeding At the nofet Take the root of a red nettle, and hold it between the molary teeth of the fame fide: this is an excellent remedy: Alfb moflethat groweth at the foot of an Afb, is very good to be put up into the nofe. Like wife the powder of Toades. Alfo if you tyc a live Toadc in a net, and hang it about the patients necke, he wil be in a fodaine feare, and fo the bloud wil leave his former current, and have re- courfe unto the heart. Or clfe a dryed Toad held in ones hand,or hanged about ones necke, though infiiopatiente from the natural apprehenfion of a venemous obieft, which whiles nature and the fpirits feeking to avoyd,they run into the center of the body from the circumference. For the biting of a mad Dogge. Take brine,and bathe the wound .• then burne Claret wine, and put in a little Mithridate, and fo let the patient drinke it; Then take two live Pigeons, cut themthorow the middle, and lay them hot to his hand if hce be bitten in the armes. If in hislegges, to the foie of his feet. An 0)le for any Acb. Take a pound ofunwafbed butter, and a handful of ted mints,and a handful of camomill, a handful ofrew, two ounces of oyle of Exeter .* ftampe the hcarbes to a juyce,and boyle them with thebutter; ftraine them in a cloth, and rub them out very wcl; this fo done, take the •» j ■' ' - *' i _ 270 Fxttetyagants* oylc of Exeter, and put to them, arid ftirthem wel toge- ther, and put them into a gaily pot, and where theachis anoint the place againft the fire, and lay a browne paper on it, and wrap a cloth about the place.and keep it warm; proved to be excellent. To flanch the bleeding (fa cut. Take a peccc of a felt bar, and burne it to a coale; beat ittopowder, and put itin thccut, and it wil ftanch the bleeding presently- Orelfe apply linnen rags that in the fpring of the yeerc have becne often wa(hed in the fperra of frogs,and afterward dry ed in the Sunne. For an ague, to be layk-to the tvrifts. Take a handful offoot, a fpooneful of bay fait, halfe a fpooneful of pepper; bruife them together, and temper them with twoyelkesof cggcsjfprcadic on a death, and lay it to the wrifts. milkefor the cough of the lungs. Take foure fpoonfuls of French barley wel wafbed, and boyleit in three wine pints offaire water, untoapinte and a halfe; then take it from the fire, and let it coole, and fet- tle; then take the cleerc liquor, and ftrainc therewith a quarter of a pound of fweet almonds blanched, and bea- ten;then fet it on the fire, and let itboyle a while til it be- gin to grow thicke; then beat two yelks of egges, and put them to it; ftirrethem wel together, and put to it as much fine fuger as wil fwceten it, and a fpoonfui of damaske rofe water, and fo let it boyle a while longer, til it be as thicke Extrayagants. 271 as goodcrcame; cat of it war me twice or thrice a day.but at breakfaft efpecially. For a fcald bead. Take a pinteofrunning water, and as much Mercury as a good walnut, three or fourc branches of Rofemary; boylcthefe al together til a third part bee boyled away, or thereabout, and every morning and evening wafh the infc&cd place withfome of this water cold, and a quarter of an hourc after or leffc anoint the place with lamps oy le, and every morning after the firft dreffing try to pul up fomc of the hayre as cafily as you can: have care where you fet this water,for it is poyfon. If you (have the head, and apply a plaiftcr c tiled EmpUfirumCepholicum cum Eupborbio, it is alfo excellent if you adde unto it in the making, a quantity ofgreene Copras: For to heale a red face that bath many pimples. Proved, Takefoureounces ofbarrowes as much oyle of bayes, halfcan ounce of quickfilver killed with faffing fpcttle, then take two fpoonfuls of wildc tan fie water, or honyftickle water, and lccal bee ground in a morter three houresatfheleaft, until you fee nothing of the quickfil- ver, and Co keepc it clofc in a glaflc* the older, the better; and whenyougoe to bed anoint the face, and lookc you keepe it from your eyes. F o wajb the Fate if it bye given to hut. Take Snailcs, beat them (belsand bodies together.-fleep 272 Extravagants] them a night in new milk • then Bill them with the flow- ers of white Lillies. To make odoriferous damask water. Take new Ale with the graincs in it, three gallons, cha- momill three handfuls, balm,rofc leaves, of each fourc handfuls s lavender and fouthernwood,ofeachtwo hand- fuls; marjerom fix handfuls 5 beat them all into grofle powder, and then infufc them in the Ale ten or twelve dayes, ftirring it c«ce or twice a day; then put it into 2 rofewater ftill, and drew upon it this following powder, and diftill it with a gentle fire. Tbe Powder. Take cloves, cipres roots, calamus aromaticus> »of each one ounce - mace an ounce and a halfe, orris two ounces; Borax, benjamin,labdanum,of each halfe an ounce • make them into a powder* \Admcuk water that may be made at any • time of the jeere. Take lavender flowers two ounces, doves fix ounces; orris one pound, green Bay leaves two ounces, calamus aromaticus fourc ounces, broom bark twoounccs, Borax foure ounces, Cypres roots halfe a pound, margerom two handfuls $ make them altogether into a grofle pow- der, and infufe it in five gallons of faire water three or fourc dayes, in which time yourouft ftirre it three or foure simes a day, and cover it clofe: then diftill it with a gentl Extravagams. fire, while it is ftilIing,opcn it no w and then, and ftirre if, that it may not ftick unto the bottom. Bor a eddy or for ebapt bands, Bathe your feet oftentimes in beere wherein ftore of fait and tartar hath been boylcd, and dry it in by the fire; this is good for a cold. Bathe your hands 3lfoin like manner, if they be chaprj for it is an excellent and moft approved medicine. A gain ft the murrain of fwine. With an awle bore a hole in the top of one of their cares, and thruft therein a little peece of the root of black clebor ; it will caufe their cares to fwcll, and ftore of wa- ter will iflbc out thereat, and it will certainly free them from the murrain: approved. A fecret for 'Travellers. It is a flight, but, in my opinion, an excellent thing, and a thing that I have much fet by \ let fueh as ufe eo travcll, cfpccially in the fummer time, have about them a peece of rochallum, which they may now and then hold fora final! time in their mouthes, for when they are hot it will both coole them and mightily refrefh them, and will quench their thirft more than any bcerccan : I confeffc, 1 have a better liking unto a ftone that is made of faltpcter, and the eighth partoforientallandtranfpa- rant fulphur melted together,and caft into bullet moulds* it is a Jftone that divers Mountebancks much efteeme o£ and it is called by them, A Geleftiall or Miraculous Scone; 274 Fxtravagants. and by addition of certain colours, they make (ottered, fome blew, and feme of a draw colour; and they attri- bute divers vertues unto it, as for curing the pin and web in the eye, for inflammations of the mouth and gums,3nd for curing of aking teeth : it is indeed nothing but the {fonecalled of the Apothecaries lapis which they ordinarily fell. I have made ufe of allum when I could not come at this,and have found it for the aforefaid ufe not much differi ng. To moke F/quebacb, Take a gallon of the fmallcft aqua vit* you can make, put it into adofe veffeli of done • put thereto a cjuart of Canary Sack, two pound of raifins of the Sunoc Jtoned, but not w a fired, two ounces of Dates ftoned, and the white skins of them pulled out, two ounces of cinamon grofly bruifed, fourcgood nutmegs bruited, fouregood liquoriflifticksdiced,andbruifed; tie up allyoorfpiccs in a fine linnen cloth, and put them into your aqua me,and tic up your poc very clofe, and let this infufc a week, ftir- ring it three times a day, then let it run thorow a jelly bag clofe covered 5 keep it in glaffc bottles; To make Almond butter. Take two pound of Almonds and blanch them, and ictthera lie all night in cold water * then grindc them in a mortar very fmall, andputin a blade of macc or two* then liraine ie thorow a ftrong cloth as neerc 3$ you can, that therail k bee not too thin, and let it fecthea pretty while, then putin a littlerofewateiymda little fait,when « / / you take it off the fire, and ftir it ftill 5 then take a biggc cloth very cleane, and let two hold it, then you rouft take the milk and caft it round about the fides of the cloth,that the whay m3y come from it, then with a fauccr put it down from the fides 5 then knit the cloth, and hang ir up until! it have left dropping 5 then take it forth, and feafon it with fine fugarand rofewater. To make jelly for one that is in a Confmptiony or troubled with a loofenejjc. Take the feet of a calfe, and when the haire is cleane fealdedoff, flit them in the middle, and cut away all the black veines, and th#e fat, and wafh them very cleane,and fo put them in a bucket of faire water,&lct them lie foure and twenty hourcs, and in that time the ofener you fhife them in faire water, it will be the better • then fet them on the firein two gallons of water, orfomewhat leflc, and let them boyle very foftly, continually taking off the feum and fat which rifeth 5 and when the liquor is more than halfcboylcd away, put into it a pintc and a halfc of white wine, and as if boylcth there will come a foulc feum upon it, take it off ftill cleane, and when the jelly is boyled enough, you may know, for your fingers willftick to the fpoon 5 then take it from the fire, and with a cuilcpder takeout all the bones and fiefh, and when the jelly is ai- moftcold, beat the whites of fix egges, and put into it, and fet it on the fire againe, and fo let it boyle till it bee clecre • then ftraine it thorow a clean clofh into a bafon, and fo let it ftand all night long ; the next morning put it into a skcllet, and put to it a pound of fugar,halfe an ounce of cinaraon broken in pceces, one ounce of nutmegs, an Extrayagants. 276 ounce of ginger bruifed, and a good quantity of large mace; boy !c all thefe together till it tafte of the fpices as much as you defire, and when it is almoft cold, take the whites of fixegs, and beat them, and put into it, and fet it on the fire, and when itrifeth weild it in halfe a pintc of white wine, then ftrain it thorow a jelly bag. v To flay the flax. Take Date ftoncs, and beat them to fine powder, and take the quantity of one of them, and drink it withpoflet drink, or bccrc$ ufe thefe two or three mornings toge- ther, and after as often as you finde occafion • this is ve- ry good. In the month of May gather of the reddeft Oak leaves you can get, and ftill them, and when need requireth make pap thereof, mingled with milk, fine flowrc, fugar, and cinamon, as oft as your fiomack ferveth to cat it. # • How to makegood writing Ink. Take two handfuls of gauls, cut each gaul into three or fourc pccces, poure into them a pinte of becrc or wine, then !ct*it fhnd eight hourcs 5 ftraine it from the gauls, and put vitreoll therein, and to the vitrcoll a third part of gum ; fet it on the fire to warm, but let it not feethe, and it will bee good Ink: and of thefe gauls you may make Ink foureor five times more. How to make red printing Ink. Take a fpoonful! of vermilion, the quantify of a bazcll mi? of cleans turpentine, with a fpoonfull and a halfcof Extravagants. Extravagantsl 277 linked oylc ; grindc them altogether upon a Painters ftonc, and it is done. How to moke blew printing Ink, Take big: or ftnalt, and grinde them with turpentine and oy Ie, as you did the former; ~ v How to make yellow printing Ink, Take refined orpiment, and ufe it as you did the former. How to moke green printing Ink. Take verdigreafe or Spanifh green very clean3and with- out ftalks, and grinde it as you did the former. How to make black printing Ink. There is a black earth which thofe that print Maps ufe of, this being ground as the former, with turpentine and linfeed oylc? you may make black Ink. To make green Ink. Take green bice and grinde it with gum water, and if you will have it a ladder green, put a (little faffron to the grinding. To make blew Ink. Take fine flowre, and grinde it with a little chalk, and allum, and then put it in a viol!. 278 Extravagant** Tor an Ague. Take a handful of hartdongucthatgroweth in the field, and a handful! of bay fait, and beat them both together" in a morter, and lay this to both the wrifts. A good boater againtt the plague} or to be given after a Jurfet. Take red Cage, eelendine, rofemary, herbgrace, worm- wood, mugworr, pimpcrncll, dragons, fcabious, egrimo- ny, rofa folis, and balm, of each a handful!, or like quan- ty by weight j wafh and (hake them in a doth, then fhred and put them into a gallon of white wine, with a quarter of an ounce ofgcntian roots, and as much of an- gelica roots 5 let it (land two dayes and two nights clofe covered, and then diftill it at your plcafurc, andftopthe glade very clofe in which you keep the fame- To avojd urine that is flopped with the flow. Take as much black fope as a walnut, temper it with eight or ten leaves of EngiiQa faffron, fpread it upon a round leather as big as the palm of your hand, and cover thcnavell ofyour belly therewithal!,and it fhall caufcyou to make water. And I have been informed by a kiride of Leach that Iiveth in the Country, that he by applying a plader of fpread upon a pceceof leather round about the preputium, cured one that could notavoyd his urin by reafon of a done, which within a few houres the piafter brought away, fo that the party recovered, and Extravagants. became perfe&ly well * who dying two or three yeeres after, rewarded this his Surgeon with a liberall reward. For the ft one and ftrangury. Take the filmes that are within the ma wes of gecfe,and Jet them bee purely dryed, and then make powder there- of, and drink it with dale ale, and it will help him with Gods grace. Proved. jigood medicine to Aveyd the ft one and graved. In the morning fading let the party fwallow three or fourc peecesoffrcfla burtcr about the bigneffeof nutmegs, and drink immcdiatly after a glafifc fill of white wine, and fo fad until dinner. It is a meane medicin, but not to be contemned, for there arc thofe that I know can affirm the goodnefle and cffc&s thereof. For ft dd beads. Take green copperas, and mingle it with crcame til it bee turned yclow, and let it ftand three or fourc dayes: then takeprimrofc roots, leaves and all, with May batter, and beat the roots and leaves in the butter, and boyle them together with a little bcerc and butter, and let it touch no fait. to cure on old nicer. Take a quart of the ftrongeft Ale that is to bee gotten, or brewed, halfea pinteof raw honey, two ounces of roch.allum beaten, halfc a pintc of fillet oyle, and the 280 Eoctravagantsi quantity of a Tennis ball of common wafbing fope, one ounce of done pitch beaten, one ounce of rolin beaten, two ounces of yellow wax : boyle al thefc together, and drain them thorow a thin linnen cloth • and this wil cure any old ulcer. Abater to clean ft and mundifle old rotten fores and ulcers. Take a winepinteof dillcd water of planten, as much whitcwinc • put therein two ounces of roch allum, a dram of vcrdigrcafc,a dram of Mercury fublimed: boyle al thefc together, and keep them in a thick glade being flopped with wax very clefe, that the flrength go not out; this wil clcanfe and mundific old fores: It wilalfo hcalc a Fiflula if you ufe a firinge, fo that the water may be fent to the bottom of the fore. The Medicine of Medicines proved for the ftonet Take a quantity of e|. (hcls, wafh them clcanc \ thofc arethebeft whercout chickens are come • dry them very dry in an oven, or between two tile doncs; then make powder thereof, fcarce it, and mingle it with fugar, or powder of licoras to give it a taflc, and let him ufe it as often as hce needeth, morning and evening, cither with Rhcnilh wine, white wine, or flalc Ale, a fpoonful of the powder at a time, and ufe to make water in a cleane bafon, and foyou (hal fee the deliverance thereof* Extravagants. For dimncjje of fight. * t •• ‘ ' X Take the hcarb called Eye bright, make it into fine powder, and take it either with mcatc or drinkc, for it hath becnc approved to be moft excellent for ail impedi- ments of the fight. How to make Eye-bright Wine, Me, or Beere: By tbeufi whereof, divers that could net reade with, out(peftsclesybove miracutoufly recovered their fights. You muft take two or three handfuls of the herbe Eye- bright, and put it in a bag that is made of fine boultcr,put alfo unto it a dram and a halfc of fweet Fcnil feeds, and if you pleafe, a Glove or two, or a blade of whole Macc,and into the bag put alfo a ftonetomakc itfinke, then hang it in a gallon of new wine or wort; if it bee wine flop it up clofc prefently, if wort, flop it not umill it Bath wrought. After it hath flood 3 weeke, you may drinkc every mor- ning a draught. A precious waterfor thefight. Take Smallagc, Fennell, Rew, Vervcine, Egrimony, Daffadill, Pimpernel), and Sage,and ftill them with bread milke together with five drams of frankincenfe, and drop of it in your eyes each night: often proved. For the Fluxe to flay iti Take the yolkc of an Egge, and beat it,tbcn mixe with 282 Extravagants it one gratedNutmegge, and lay it on an hot tyle Hone to bake, and cate thereof tatting, and before Supper, and after raealcs,and it wil flay iUOften proved to be excellent A good Powder for the Gout. Take fine Ginger the weight of two groats3 and Enu- Jacampanc roots dryed, the weight of fourc groats, of Liquorifh the weight of eight groats, of Sugar-candy three ounces-beat all thefe into a powder, (caret them fine, and then mingle them together, and drinke thereof morning and cvcning,and al times of the day. Approved. A fpeciaU Medicine for the Collie ke.. Take Horehound halfcan handful), of Sage, and Hy- fope ofeither as much, twelve leaves of Becony, of Ccn - taury fixe crops,one Alexander, root,fourc penny weight ofEnula-campana roots powdered, Spikenard of Spaine one penny worth* feethe all thefe in three quarts of fine wort to a pottle, and draw it through a linnen cloth, and take three (poonfuls at once morning and evening. To take away redneffi or burning of the Byes. Take the white ofan Egge,and beat it very well with a fpoonfull or two of red Rofe-water, then pat thereto the pap of a rotted apple, mingle them well together, and Iprcad it upon a little Flaxc* fo lay it on the eye, binding it on with a linnen cloth; A Water for the falling dewne of rheum in the eyes. of a large hazel! nut of white Co- pras,and diffoluc it in three quarters of a pintc of running watery with this water a little warmed bath the eye-lid divers times in a day. Approved. For the Rheume in the eyes* i Take the white of an Egge, and (b much Bolearmoni- acke as will thicken it, and fpread it on a round plainer of Cheeps leather, and lay it on the temples on that fide the Rheum is. The Oyntmentfor the feme. * TakcL*p* tutu and burne it in a fire-ihoveil ofquicke coales, quench it in aporingcrofwomans milke, doe fo halfe a Jfcore times, then grinde it in a cleanemortertill it bee very fine powder, then mingle it with freQa Bar* rowcsgreafctill it looke ruffet: anoint your eyes with a little of it when you goc to bed. For Deafenejje. Take Rcw, and rub it betweene the palmes of your hands untillic be fobrufied, that you may make thereof a tent* then dip it in fwectfallet oyle, and put in each care one, fo that you may pull them forth againe. This doe forfeven or eight daics, and change the tent every day. Takea quarter of a-pinte of Angelica water, of Cordm Beneditttu water, and of white wine, of either a like quantity: mingle them together, dividing the fame into Extravagants, 284 Fxtrayagants two equal! part$»drinkc it in two fcvcrall mornings: then the next night alter the taking of the fceond draught of water, take the fifhofanoyfter, and put it into a fayre linnen cloth, and flop the fame into the earc that is thick- eft of hearing, and lye on that fide as long as you can: in the morning pick that earc as cleanc as you can, and after that take a draught of the beft ale you can get, with a toaft of houlhold bread toafted very dry, a rcafonablc quantity of nutmegs; ufc the fame every morning for five or fixe dayes, falling after the taking hereof two hourcs, every time you take it. For the cough of the lungs, Taketwo handfuls of Rofcmary,& ftrip it offthe ftalke, one of HifTop, and feethe them in a pottle of running water,till it come to a quart, and then put a quarter of a pound offinefugar, and let it feethe a little, and feumit, drinkc it morning and evening. Aprefent remedy for all manner aches, and brnifes in the Bcnes, Take a good quantity of Wallworr, and a certaine quantity ofBalmc,andS’raallach,and ftampc them, and take a pound of May Butter, and temper them very well together, then make them into round bals, and let them iye for the fpacc of eight daies after, and then ftamp them againe as you did before: then take it,& fry ir, &ftrainc if, and put it into an earthen pot: This will hclpc the bruife, be it never foblackc. Extrayagmts, For burning or[aiding. To take, out the fire, beat onyons very fmall, and bindethem to the place. To healc it, takchalfc a pound of (hceps fuer,a9 much fhceps dung, a quarter of a pound of the inner rindc of an elder tree, and a little Houftecke: fry them together,and ftrain it,and ufe it as a plaiftcr,or make a fcrccloth of it,and apply it to the grieved part. For Burflnejjcofold\or young. Take nine red $nailes,lay thembetweene twotylcs of clay,fo that they creep not nor Aide away,and bake them in the hot cmbers,or in an oven, till rhey may be powde- red,then take the powder of one of the Snailcs, and put it in white wine,and let the patient drinke it in the morning at his rifing,and fad two houres after, and drinke thefe nine Snailcs in eightecne daies,that is,every other day one. And if the ficknefTe be foold that it will not hcale in eigh- teen daics,begin again,and drinke other nine Snailes, and he (ball be whole: this confidercd thathewearea Truflc in the mean time,according to the manner of the rupture* cA Salve for allfores. Take a pound of Cheeps tallow,and a poundof Turpen- tine,and a pound of Virgin* waxe, apintcof SallctoyIe,a quarter of a pound of Rofin .• take alfo Bugle, Smallach, and Phntaiae halfc the quantity of the other, or fo much as will make a pintc juft. boyle all thefe together upon a foft fire of coales,alwaics ftirr/ng it till a third part be con- fumedi then take it from the fire, and ftrainc it thorow a new canvas cloth into an earthen pot. Extravagant* * For "Bleeding, Ta kc a blacke Toade in May, dry it betweene two tile Hones,and hang it in Sarcenet about the parties neckc. To procureJleepe. Take Betony, Rofe leaves, Vinegar, Nutmeg, and the crummcs of Rye-bread: poc this in acioth warmetothe poll of the head* For the Cough: Two handfuls of laftSaycry,ftcep it five daicsin white wine vinegcr,put into the vineger half'e an ounce of Pep- per, at the five daies enddraine out the vineger, and as foonc as the bread is dra wne/et them in a Pewter difh into the oven,and Hop it up,and let them Hand all night. In the morniog,cakc them out of the Oven and powder them.* Take of this powder and drinkc it with Sacke, fo much of it as will lye on a three-pence. A Gar gillfor the Vvula, Take a pinte of good ftrong Ale, and as much Sacke, and a good quantity of long Pepper, & bruife it groflely, and boy le it from a quart to a pinte, and let the panics gargle their mouthes,and throats as warms as they may fuffcr it. If the pallat of the mouth be downe,it will fetch it up. For deajneffe very excellent good. Take the hoofes of the Neats feet after they bee fod* den, and hold them in a cloth fo warm as may be to your Extravagant!. 287 carej divers times together one after another 5 they will laft to be warmed in the fame they were fodden in, fome three or foure dayes without fowring. Uorvtfideflroy vermin fir lice in ones head or clothes* There is a berry which you may buy at the Apothe- caries, it is called Cecculus India; make it into fine pow- der, and ftrew it in the hayre ®f the hcad.if the lice be only there, and binde the head dole up, and it will for certain flay them all before the next morning ; if they be about the clothes and the body alfo, then mix fome of the powder with fome frefti butter or hogs greafe, and anoyntthefeamesof the parties garments, cfpecially a- bout the neck, wafte,and gatherings of the garments, a!(b boyle fome ofihe berries in a pintc of fa'rc water, and the weight of 6 d. of Mercury fublimate, then (train it, and bathe the party with a cloth dipt in this water, made blood warm, but cfpecially about his joynts, and it will quit him, though he be never fofull: approved. Bow to make excellent ttvjjes or cakes to purifie the ay re in time ifthe ylague. Take one ounce of myrrhc powdered, alfo an ounce of theflowre of brimfton, as muchbalfam of Pern as will make them into a ftiffe pafte, then make it into little cakes- you may in time of pcftilencc every or every other day put one or two of theft upon a chafingdilft of quick coales, and betake your felfe into fome other place,mntill thefmokeceafe. Minfhet, — 288 Extra^agants. T9 provoke fweat, and to clenfe and cUrifie the blood. Give the patty twenty graines of the flower of brim- fton mingled with a little white wine vinegcr, oroximcll' Ample \ it will provoke to fweat, and clenfe the blood mightily; Idem. Brimfton mingled with pitch and fo wrought upon wood, will notlufferic to be taken with wormes, nor to putrifie with winde or weather. Idem. The (moke of brimfton conveyed with a convenient inftrumcntintoa vcffcll of corrupt fait, and (linking wa- ter, it will in a Abort time purific the (amc, by (ending the dregs unto the bottom, idem. For an oldfore approved. Take a pound of oyle of Oliver, two ounces of hony, one ounce of turpentine, two ounces of white wax, fran- kincenfc,and olibanum,halfc an ounce of each,black pitch haifea pound s melt them all together, and referve it for your ufc. How to make white jelly* Take two pound of Almonds, and make' crcameof them, then boyle three ounces of Ifioglafle in a quart of fairc water, to a pintc, then mix it with your crcame, ad- ding to them one pound and a quarter ofrefined (ugar,8nd a quarter ofa pintc of rofewater j boyle them all together a little while, and then drain it, and it is done. FINIS. * Here fblloweth a Table of every parti- culaf conteinedineach Bookein order as theylyc. The Table for thefirft Booke. TO draw water by a Crane i Hew to make a conceited pot, which being filed will of it felfe runne aU out % A conceited pot out of which you may drinke pure wine or faire water 3 How to diftofe two vejjels upon one foot, fo that [0 much wine may runne out ofthe one as you put water into the other 4 How to difyofi two vejfels upon one foot, the one being emp» tie, the other almoft full of wine, and yetJbaU not runne except you fll the empty vejjell with water, then the one JhaS runne pure wine, the otherfaire water 5 10 make that the water conteined in one veffiU[ball a fiend into another veJfeBplaced above it Idem* How to co&veigh water over a mountains 7 How to make the water of a pit continually to a fiend without the aft flame ofany pumpe idem* How to make a cup or veffed that fo often as you take the is- The Table. quor m of it fo often itfit oil fill it felfe fat never run over .* 9 Of drawing water by Engine * 11 Bow to harden leatherfor fuceours of pumps i dem The making of a pump ibid, Achainepumpeor engine to draw water out of a deep wed* or to mount any river water 13 To make an engine that being placed in water will cafl the fame on high 14.15 Experiments offorcing water by ay re comprejfed 16.17 The forcing of water by the weight thereof j 8 Of forcing water by engine 19.20.21.21 Experiments ofproducing founds by ay re and water 2 H 23.24.25.26.27 Experiments of producing founds by evaporation of water with fire 27.28 Experiments ofproducing founds by engine 28,29 Experiments ofmotions by ratifying water with fire 29.30 Experiments ofmotions by ratifying aire by fire 30.31 A conceited lampervhereout either aire or water may bee fent 32.33 Of the weather and how to make all forts of tbem% with their ufes 3 4» 3 3 7*3 1.42.43 A water clocke to [hew thehoure of the day 45.46.47 wheele which being turned about will cafl the water out atitsfpindle 48,49 The mounting ofwater by comp re (lien idem How to compofe a great or little piece of water w or lee 51 Of clacks and forces 55 An engine to mount water by the tyde 57,58,59.60 Another 51 An engine to mount a river water <$2.63 TWTWie: Another 64.65 An horfe-mll and a crane‘mill * 66 A 67 Another 6$ Engine to quench fire 69.70.71V7273.74.75 Jhe defcription of a windmill to conveigh router 75 Of water-works for recreation and delight in generaU 89 Ofwk&icrics tcals9 andfounds 82.83.84.85.86 The Table. , The Table for the Second Booke. GErtaint precog nit a or principles wherein are c ont ci- ne d the caufes and reafons if that which is contri- ved in the following Booke 94 of device to try the firength ofdivers forts of powder 9 5 Of the divers compofitions for Fire- works 9 g Compofitions for Rockets of ad fizes according to the de. fcription of the notedprofeffors 98.99.100 Compofitions for fanes ' 1 o 1 Another receitfor far res whereof) oh may make fends and divers apparitions 101 Compofitions for Fire-works that operate upon the earth idem. Compofitions for Fireworks that burnt upon or in the * water 102. 105 %yi receit ofa comp option that will kindle with the water 104 How to prepare cotton weeke to prime your Fire-works with IOJ How to know the true rime that any quantity of fired gunne- match /hall do an exploit at a time defired idem. To make a water called aq. ardens. io5 Of Rocket moulds 107.X08 How to make Rockets 109,11 o How to make Serpents 111 How to make raining fire 1 j 2 How to make fiarres idem How to make petrads igcm The Table. How to mxkcompound Rockets 113.114 Ho tv to mWtfire boxes idem How to makefwevels 115. How to moke fire* wheels 116 How to make flying Drag ons 117 How to make fire Drakes 118* 119 How to wa ke hallo ones 120.121 How to make Rockets for the earth 122 How to make Crackers idem How to make Trunks 123 How to make tumbling balls idem How to ma ke Saucifjons idem How to make Chambers idem How to makeflying Saucijfons to be delivered out of the morterpeece 12 J How to make a fire (word 126 How to make three forts of Lances 126127 How to make another trunks with fome pretty motion upon the top of it lap How to make fire-clubs 130.131 How to makf afire target 131*132 How to make a Rocket that jhaU burne a good while in the watery and then mount up into the ay re 133*134- How to make fire balls for the water 134.13 3 How to make a Dolphin 13 5.13^ The Tabic.' The Table for the third Bookc. OF Drawing 141 Ofnecefiary implement t or infirumtnts for Dr aw- ing ' idem Of plummets or pofiils 141 How to make art if cull poffils idem T hepraCltfe of D tawing 14 3 ofthe manner of dr a wing with the penne 144 Obfervations 145 OfDraperie or appar ell,with the rules idem Of diapering* and the rules I46 Of Landskip%and the rules 146.147.148.149 Of find owing 150 How to take the perfect draught of any printed or painted picture fun dr it wayes I5I.1J2.155 An eafie way to lejjen any picture 153.154 An eafie way to deferibe a T owne or a C a file being within fullfight thereof 15 5.15 6 How to make a deske whereby you may with eafe draw any printedpicture, or folidImage 158 An eafie way to take the lively and naturall lineaments of any leafcjvhich cannot be performed by the penne or pen- all 159 Fever all figures to praCtife to draw after. Of wafting maps andprintedpictures 175 How to make allum water idem How to makegumme water idem How to make lime water iy6 Hexv to make water*/foap ajhes idem flaw to make file idem ofthe manner of pa [ling maps upon cloth idem Bow to prepare your colours .* 177 A Sea colour idem Another - 178 A yellow colour idem A Rujfet idem Colour for faces idem Hat re colour 179 Colours for naked pictures idem Colour for dead Corpfes idem Ahlouared idem A mutton hloud red idem Colours for garments * 180 A purple colour idem A red colour ibid. A crimfon colour ibid.j Agreene colour ibid. %ji lightgreene 1S1 T cl low colours idem Blew colours ibid. Colours for building ibid. Colours for Zands kip idem Skie colours ibid. Cloud colours ibid. Colours for the Sunne beames ibid. A motly greene ibid. A Lincoln greene ibid A popingay greene , t ibid. An excellent greene j8i A km tauney j8$ The Table. The Tabic. A fetch colour idem A braffe colour - i bid A marble or a(h colour ibid. A rujjet colour ibid. Abrowneblue 184 A crane colour ickn> T 0 write gold with 0 pen c ill ibid. OfLimming 18 j 7be names of all the colours pertaining to Limming 185. i8£. 187 How to diffolueyour gummearmoniacky and bow to ufe it. ibid. How to makegumme hedere, and of its ufe ibid. How to makegumme Lack, and the ufe of it 188 How to make Glayre idem How to makegumme water 189 Of the tempering and miking colours ibid. Obfervations ibid. Of blew byce how togrindt and temper it 190* of Litmofeblew ibid. How to make blew water to diaper on all other colours 191 OfIndeb audios and Englifh Jnde idem Of forty blue 192 OfRorck or Orchall ibid. Greene colours ibid. How togr 'mde and temper Byce i bid. OfVerdeter greene 19 Ofverdegr eacegreenc ibid. °ffap greene ibid; How to ma ke Jap greene 194 Of idem How to write without incket that it may not bee feene except the paper bee wet 254 T0 make white Letters in a blacke Field 255 To foder upon filver, braffet or iron idem How to makefoder 25 6 Howto guild Silver or braffe with water-Gold idem How to take the fmoake of Tobacco through a glajfe of wa- ter 1 aj7 How to colour wood ofa fine browne colour idem how to colour Ivory or any other bones, of a fnegreene co- lour - idem \ How to make Birds drunketfo that you may take them with your hands. 258 A way to catch Crowes or Pigeons idem Another wdy to tike Birds a 59 To moke braffe white for ever idem A device to fcowre brajfe idem How to meke divers oppositions in agUJfe of mater idem How to make the Philosophers Tree 2 60 Howto keepewinefrefh all the yeare% though it bee carried from place tophce% And exfofid to the heat of the Snnm all the day. idem How to make artificiallMarble idem How to whiten copper 161 How to make Saltpeter idem How to make arttficiallCoratt idem How to makepearles with cbalke idem A precious oylefor a [u detain ach can fed through cold a 6a A gain ft fitting of:old about the head or ftomacke idem An approvedplaifterfor t he Sciatica, or any ach wbatfoe- ver. idem An excellent oyntment for the Shingles, Morphew,Tetters, Ringwormes. a 63 An excellent balme or water for fore Eyes, camming eytber of inward or outward caufe* idem Afieedy way to aftwage the paine of any feald or burnt,and to take out the fire 2 64 An approved oyle to heale a burnt or Jca/d idem An Oyntmentfor the fame idem An excellent oyntment for agreene wound 26% A balme of wonderfud efficacie i dem An excellent healing water, or to dry up any fire a 66 A water for a Fiflula idem A water for the Tooth ach idem %^Anotherfor thefame 26 y A water fit the Byes For Deafinejfe idem The Table. An Blefiuary Againfi a cough or cold a 6 8 An for an old or new fort idem AJoveraigne water tcJjeale a gr tone wound, or to fan eh blond idem Agamfl bleeding at the nop 269 For the byttng of t mad Dog idem xjin oylefor an ach idem To flansh the bleeding of a cut 170 For an ague9 to be lay d to the wrifts idem Almondmilkefor the cough of the lungs idem For afealdhead 271 To heale a red face that hath many pimples idem * water to tvsjh the face ifit be given to beate idem To make odoriferous Damaske water 272 A damask water that may be made at anytime ofthey tare* idem For a cold or for chopt hands 273 Again ft the murraine of S wine idem Afecrct for travailers idem To make Vfquebacb 274 To make Almond Butter idem How to make a Ielly for one thats in a Confumption 2 7$ To ftay a loofeneffe 2 7 6 To makegood writing lnke 276. cJr *77 To make red}blew,yellcw,greency4nd black printing inke id-1 For an ague 278 A good water againjl the Plague yor for a Surfet idem To avoid Vrine that is ft opt with the Stone idem For the Stone and Strangurie % 79 A good medicine to avoid the flout, and againft graved id. Fora feald head idem To sure an old Vleer idem % The Table. A water to clean ft old rotten fores 280 The medicine of medicines provedfor the /lone idem For dimnefie of fight 28 i How to make Eye-bright Winej Ale or Bee re idem A precious water for the fight idem jo (lay a leofenejfe idem A good powder for the Gowt. . 28* Ajpeciall medicine for the collicke idem Jo take away rednejfe, or burning ofjhe eyes idem water forfalling downe ofRheume in the eyes idem Another medicinefor Rheume in the eyes 283 An oyntment for Rheume in the eyes idem Tor Deafenejje idem For the cough of the Lungs 28 4 t A prefent remedy for aU manner of aches or bruifes in the bpnes idem For burning or fealding 285 For Burfeunejfe ofold oryong idem Salve for aU fores idem For bleeding 286 T 0 procure fieepe idem For the Cough idem A Gargle for the Vvula idem For D eafeneffe very excellent idem *T0 defiroy vermin or lice, in ones head or clothes 387 Flow to make excellent Truffles idem Jo pu rifle the ay re in time of \he plague idem T0 provokefweat, and to titanfe and dart fie the hloud 288 For an old fore approved V*. idem Hew to make white Jelly. idem FINIS.