! * Base Hospital Number 19 : A S K H () S P I T A L No. 19 CEREMONIES On February 9th, the President and Faculty of the University of Rochester were tendered a complimentary Inspection and Review in heavy marching order. 4'he company paraded, with full equipment, in the Third Liberty Loan Parade, on April 6th. The flag, which had been presented that morning was carried in this parade. On April 24th. the company paraded to Exposition Park, led by the Band of the 108th Infantry, in the interest of recruiting for the New A'ork troops of the 27th Division. A review of the Home Defense Regiment and a con- cert by the 108th Infantry Band were features of the ceremony at Exposition Park. ' RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES On invitation of Rev. William R. Taylor, its pastor, the company attended morning service at the Brick Presbyterian Church on Dec- ember 30th. On February 10th. the company attended the session of the Hubbell Class on invitation of the teacher. Mr. Walter Hubbell. The orchestra furnished music for the singing. After the Chaplain joined. March 7th, regular Sunday morning service was held in the Mess Hall. [17] CHAPTER III. PERIOD OF TRANSPORTATION. THE period of marking time finally came to an end, as all things do. On the first day of Alay. the Nurses received orders to leave for their mobilization point in New York, the Hotel Judson. Fifty- four nurses and civilian employees who were still in Rochester, left on the 9:45 P. M. train, Alay 5th, in command of Aliss Heal, the Chief Nurse, for New York. The others were already on duty in the various cantonments and met the nurses from Rochester there. The original number required for the administration of the hospital had been in- creased from sixty-five to 100 early in January. The thirty-five nurses above the original number enrolled in Rochester were assigned to the hospital by the Nursing Service of the American Red Cross. On February 13th, Colonel Skinner had received orders to "put the unit in readiness for overseas service at the earliest date possible"; and on April 19th, he was able to report that all was ready; the delay being due to the lack of uniforms and equipment for the extra per- sonnel required by the increase in the size of the hospital to 1,000 beds. On April 30th official information was received to the effect that in the near future the unit would be ordered to proceed to Hoboken to report to the Commanding General, Port of Embarkation, for tem- porary duty. On Alay 12th orders were received to start the move- ment. The freight was to arrive in New York not earlier than May 17th and not later than Alay 19th. The officers and men were to arrive at Camp Alerritt not earlier than noon Alay 19th and not later than noon Alay 21st. Colonel Skinner elected to arrive during the morning of May 20th. He had previously received permission to drive the motor transportation overland to the Port of Embarkation. The loading of the freight was begun on the afternoon of Alay 13th simultaneously from the Buffalo. Rochester and Pittsburgh Warehouse, the Post Office and the Armory. The portion of the freight stored in the Post Office was loaded at Kent Street, and that at the Armory was loaded at Circle Street. The train was made up in the Goodman Street Yard and left on Alay 16th in command of First Lieutenant Warren Wooden, with the following detail: First Lieutenant Alexander L. Smith, Sergeant Frank AI. Glover, Sergeant Frank G. Orlopp and Privates First Class Harold A. Hurch and William H. O'Hara. Upon arrival of the equip- ment in New York, it was delivered to the General Superintendent Army Transport Service, New York Lighterage and the detail pro- ceeded to Camp Alerritt, reporting to the Commanding General to await the arrival of the hospital. [18] r> A S E H O S I' I T A L No. 19 Thi' Motor Transport left on Alay 14th, in command of Alajor John AI. Swan, with the following detail: Captain Newton A. Seehorn, Sergeant Vernon F. Adkin, Corporal Julius Lockner, Cook Leo R. Hetterick, Privates First Class Herbert AI. Anthony, Alortimer H. Howard. Floyd H. Owen. Elson I. Wright, Glenn A. Thomas, Private Ingraham Curtis and Lance Corporal Chester J. Ritter. The motor transport consisted of two three-ton Pierce Arrow trucks, which had been received from the Quartermaster Corps on April 26th, a Chalmers Touring Car, which had been received from the same source on April 23d. and the Ford truck which had been presented by the pupils of the West High School on February 2d. The motorcycles were shipped with the other freight to New York. The detail left the Armory at 7 A. AI. and proceeded through Canandaigua, Penn Yan, Watkins and Elmira. Camp was established two miles east of Elmira. On the 15th, the detail proceeded through Waverly. Binghamton, Winsor, Deposit and Hancock, and camped on Hawk's Alountain about five miles east of Hancock. On the 16th, it passed through Roscoe, Liberty, Alonticello, Wurtsboro, Aliddletown. Tuxedo and Suffern. Camp was established in Alahwah on land of Air. Winters. Here they were entertained by the Patriotic Service League. Breakfast was served at the residence of Air. and Airs. E. J. Stone, of Alahwah. on the morning of the 17th. The route then lay through Hackensack and Leonia to Hoboken, where the detail was directed to proceed to Camp Alerritt to await the arrival of the Hospital. After the arrival of the hospital at Camp Merritt, this transportation was turned over to the embarkation office, except the Ford Truck, which was not released by the Surgeon General. Colonel Skinner presented it to the Base Hospital at Camp Aler- ritt. where it did good service. The other cars and the motorcycles and side cars were never seen again. On July 6th, a Karrier three-ton truck was assigned to the Hospital from the Motor Reception Park at LeHavre, but early in August that had to be surrendered to the Alotor Transport Company which was sent to Vichy and furnished the trans- portation for all the hospitals at that center. In answer to a letter from Alajor Swan, after he again assumed command of the Hospital, General Kean, in the office of the Chief Suro-eon, said: "As regards the transportation which belonged to the base hospital, it does seem a hard case that your trucks and motor- cycles should not be delivered to you. In fact, I suppose to the donors at home it would seem like highway robbery. "The motor transportation question is, however, so serious that no favors can be shown, and all has to go into the pool. The transporta- tion for the hospitals has been turned over to the Commanding Gen- eral of the section in which they are located, and to him all appeals for assistance have to go." [19] A H I S T O R A' OF U.S. The unit commanded by Colonel Skinner left from Circle Street Sunday, Alay 19th and arrived at Camp Merritt on Monday, Alay 20th. Here the two details that had been on detached duty rejoined it and the entire company was quartered in Block Seventeen. Alany people were disappointed over the fact that there was no public entrainment of the unit; but the orders were very strict. In Hospital Order Number 17. Alay 6, 1918, paragraph 4 reads as follows: "QUOTATION OF ORDERS. 'General Order No. 19, W. D„, Washington, July 16, 1917. All persons connected with the military service who receive information of proposed overseas move- ments of organizations, detachments, or individuals are forbidden to make public the details of such movements. The names of organiza- tions, dates of departure, of arrival, of embarkation or the name of the port of embarkation or of the ships to be used in such movements will not be disclosed'. When necessary to advise relatives or other private persons of approaching departure persons connected with the military service will convey only information absolutely necessary. which will not include dates or the names of ships or ports of depart- ure or the designation of organizations. Violation of provisions of this order will be investigated and disciplinary measures applied to the offenders'. 'By Order of the Secretary of War' ". On Alay 30th, orders were received instructing the Company to appear at Pier 59, North River, on Alonday. June 3d, at 8:00 A. AI. On June 1st, more definite instructions were received. The train that Base Hospital No. 19 was to take left Creskill at 11:30 A. AI.. on June 3rd. All preliminary work was done, the camp area inspected and pronounced sanitary and the march to the railroad begun at 10:10. At Jersey City, the company boarded a steamer of the Quartermas- ter's Department and were taken to Pier 59. A large ferry boat of the Hudson River type was ahead of us at the Pier, filled with men of the 355th Infantry. The steamer on which we were was also transporting Base Hospi- tal No. 22. commanded by Colonel Thomas J. Kirkpatrick. AI. C U. S. A. When we finally got on to the Pier, we found that we were to sail on the Baltic, of the White Star Line. Here we also heard the news of the submarine raid on the Atlantic Coast on the night of June 2d. The last man of Base Hospital No. 19 crossed the gang plank about 4:30 P. AI. Reveille had blown at 4:00 A. AI., and there had been a great deal of work to be done; baggage detail to have its work cleaned up, sanitary inspections, last instructions, care in avoiding acci- dents from running trains and boats too close together, and the check- ing of the organization at the gang plank. On the Pier we met our nurses, who had been sent from their headquarters. At 6:00 P. AI. the loading of the baggage and equipment had not been completed and the night was spent tied up at the dock. At noon the next day. June 1th. everyone was ordered to his room; the ship left her dock and pro- [20] WHITE STAR LINE S'lKAMSllIP BALTIC A H I S T O R Y OF U. S. A R AI Y ceeded down the Hudson River. Dinner was served at that time and after the meal was finished, we were well down the lower bay and we were allowed on deck. The convoy was forming and during the after- noon consisted of eighteen vessels with protection by dirigibles and airplanes. Every known means was being applied to the safety of the vessels starting on a long voyage through waters where two days be- fore enemy submarines had been operating with disastrous results. On the morning of the 5th, the convoy had been reduced to nine vessels which were to complete the voyage. Of these, one was an English cruiser and the others were troop ships or cargo vessels. The Baltic carried two battalions of the 355th Infantry, with its headquarters and band, Base Hospital No. 22 complete, Base Hospital No. 19 complete, and the nurses of Base Hospital No. 26. There were also some casual officers and several officers of the Navy on their way abroad to join their commands. The days were passed in drills, exercises, life boat drill and instruction of the command in various matters affecting the operation of troops of the United States in a foreign country. The political significance of the position in which all arms of the service found itself is well indicated in the beginning of Chapter I, Provis- ional Instructions on Disembarkation, E.ntraining and Detraining of Troops in P'rance and England: "Por the first time in history the American Army finds itself in European Territory. The good name of the United States and the maintenance of cordial relations require per- fect deportment of each member of this command. It is of the grav- est importance that the soldiers of the American Army shall at all times treat the people of France, especially the women, with the greatest courtesy and consideration. The valiant deeds of the French Armies and those of their allies by which they have together success- fully maintained their common cause for more than three years and the sacrifices of the civil population of P'rance in the support of their armies, command our profound respect. This can best be expressed on the part of our forces by uniform courtesy to all the French people and by faithful observance of their laws and customs. "Company and detachment commanders will inform themselves and advise their men as to local police regulations, and will enforce strict observance thereof." The voyage was uneventful; the band of the 355th Infantry gave two concerts, one on the 10th and the other on the 12th. Base Hospi- tal 19 contributed solos by Aliss Olive B. Leussler and Private Hawken. Private Hibbard played accompaniments. "Shorty" Peter- son, six feet four, of the 355th Band, played the mouth organ in an unusual style and "Shorty" and another musician from the Band played a clarinet duet which was good. The band plaved at other times but these two concerts were given in the saloon in the afternoon, with portholes closed and blackened and electric lights turned on ■ so different from the concerts in the piping times of peace! On the 13th [22] H A S E HO S P I T A L No. 19 orders were issued to wear life preservers all the time except at meals and when asleep; previous to this we had been required to have the life preservers at hand, but were not required to wear them except at boat drill twice a day. The orders also required each one to sleep fully dressed and to wear a canteen filled with water whenever he was on deck; in other words, to be ready to abandon ship at a moment's notice. The convoy from the European shore arrived at 1:00 P. AI. on the 14th. Eight British torpedo boat destroyers. On the 15th we were ordered on deck at 3:00 A. AI.. fully dressed and equipped to leave ship at a moment's notice. We were going through the narrows be- tween Ireland and Scotland; a dangerous place for submarine attacks. The Tuscania had been torpedoed in this portion of the sea. Nothing appeared, however, and we reached the mouth of the Alersey at 3 :00 P. AI., and got up to the Princess Landing Stage at about 6:00 P. AI. We were kept on board all night and disembarked at 8.00 the follow- ing morning, Sunday, June 16th. The nurses in command of Alajor Ewers, left almost at once for Southampton. The officers and men left at 1:50 P. AI. The trip was something like a triumphal journey. Crowds in all places along the railway embankments, at crossing gates, and in gardens, cheering and waving flags. At the station in Liverpool, we had a chance to talk to some British Y. AI. C. A. people. The atmosphere was quite gloomy; they made no secret of the serious condition of the allied armies and said that if the United States did not hurry up the war was lost. They seemed to think that it was ques- tionable whether they could hold out until the United States was ready. We reached Southampton at midnight. We then had to unload our freight and baggage and march between two and three miles to camp where we arrived between 3:00 and 3:30 A. AI. The City of Southampton was entirely dark except for street lamps at the corners which had been blackened above so that the light was reflected down- ward on to the roadway, making a pool of light about twice the dia- meter of the lamp. It was really worse than no light at all. The wierd- ness of the situation was accentuated by the tramp of the tired men with their forty-pound packs. The night was clear and beautiful and we had our first experience of the precautions being taken on land to make it difficult for the enemy to find his objectives from the air. At noon on the 18th, we received orders to leave camp at 5:30 P.AI. We marched back, over the same route that Ave had followed in the early morning, to the docks; and this time we could see where we were going. We went on board the S. S. St. George, which left at 8 :00 P. M., for Le Havre. The most comfortable place that the officers could find was on the deck under a lifeboat, or standing up against the smokestack; alternating the positions was pretty good. The men, how- ever, had not even this comfort. They were obliged to stay below and sleep on the decks; to such an extent had the submarine campaign re- duced the transportation facilities. The early part of the run was made [23] A H 1 S T O R Y OF U.S. in the fading daylight down the Solent past Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight out into the Channel guarded by destroyers; and what time we did make! At 1:30 A. AI. we picked up the lights of Le Havre and we docked at 4:00. We debarked at 8:00 A. AI., and marched through the streets of the town to a camp on a hill overlooking the Channel. In the meantime, the nurses had crossed on a hospital ship and were quartered in a hotel in the city. We were in the camp at Le Havre two days. The men, twelve in a tent, sleeping on the wooden floors, which was better than in the mud, and the officers sleeping also on the floors, but with from four to eight in a tent. In all these movements, the baggage and freight that was traveling with us had to be handled by a detail of our own men under Captain Williams. This freight is not to be understood to mean our hospital equipment which was turned over to the transport people in New York, but the officers' baggage, nurses' baggage, the barracks bags of the men, and the equipment for maintaining the command on the journey to its final destination. On June 19th about 1:00 P. AI., orders were received to leave camp at 3:00 A. AI., Thursday, June 20th, for point 1, for entrain- ment. We were up at 1.30, had hot coffee and hardtack and cheese by the light of the camp cook stove, a curious thing of ELnglish make, and started on our march down the hill to the railroad yards; at first, in the darkness of night; later, in the gray of early dawn; and, finally, in the full light of the day. As we marched into the railroad yards. the nurses arrived from their hotel in trucks. When we reached the train, we learned that our destination was Vichy. The train left at 8:17 A. AI., and proceeded slowly through Harfleur, Alotteville, Pa- villy, Rouen and Sothville to Oissel. Here we were detained for two hours by a train wreck ahead. In the afternoon we went on through the villages along the Seine; Rosny-sur-Seine, Alantes, and others, skirting Paris and arriving at Versailles at 1:30 A. AI. It began to rain during the evening and our interpreter and liaison officer seemed glad because he said it would keep the Hun at home. The next night we were told the train which reached Versailles at the time ours did experienced an air attack. During the night we were moved on to Villeneuve-St. Georges, where we laid until 11 :00 A. AI. Then through Brunoy, Corbeil, Melun, Alontargis, Gien, Chatillon-sur-Loire, Cosne and Nevers to Saincaize and St. Germaine des Fosses. All the after- noon we passed American military formations; we were going through the American line of communications. We found out in this part of the journey that we already had a million men in France and more arriving daily. Everybody was optimistic in this part of the country and the anxiety produced by the views of the people at Liverpool began to lift. We spent the night between Saincaize and St. Germaine des Fosses. We left the latter place at 7:30 A. AI. and arrived at Vichy at 8:00, a tired, dirty lot. Here we found that Base Hospital [24] BASE HO S P I T A L No. 19 No. 1, the Bellevue Hospital Unit, had been in operation since March. The hospital was commanded by Alajor (later Colonel) Walter D. Webb, a retired officer of the Aledical Corps of the Regular Army. Alajor Webb met us at the railway station and invited the officers to breakfast with the officers of Base Hospital No. 1. The men were tem- porarily quartered with the men of Base Hospital No. 1, and the 'uirses with No. 1 nurses. CHAPTER IV. THE PERIOD OF ACTIVE SERVICE THE, plan of the office of the Chief Surgeon was to make Vichy a hospital center of 10,000 beds with five base hospital units, each with 2,000 beds, operating. The arrival of Base Hospital 19 was the first of the units that were expected by Alajor Webb. The Rents. Re- quisitions and Claims Section had taken over several hotels that had been used as military hospitals by the French Army and arrangements were being made for future expansion. Vichy, as is well known, is a health resort of world-wide fame; and while the war had seriously interfered with its work, there were still many French people who spent their summers there and there were many subjects of the neutral European Nations that came for their annual "cure." We went, then, in the end of June, into a cosmopolitan European watering place which was comfortably filled with all kinds and conditions of men and women. The orchestra played in the Park twice a day; there was an opera company that gave performances two or three times a week; the river Allier was available for boating and swimming; there was a golf course, and other amusements and entertainments to lighten the periods of release from duty. We were assigned at first nine hotels which we were to arrange as a hospital. These buildings had been used as hos- pitals for nearly four years; the French equipment had to be taken out and our equipment put in; the buildings had to be housecleaned and arrangements made for operating rooms, wards, administrative offices, messes, storerooms, etc. Here our experience in arranging the East High School at home came into play; we were able to plan out- buildings in a convenient manner with no delay. The group of nine buildings included the Hotel International, Hotel Splendide, Hotel Milan, Hotel Havre et New York. Hotel Amerique. Hotel Neva. Hotel du Helder, Hotel Bellevue and Hotel Velay. A garage was also assigned, which was used as a storeroom. For the first few weeks. the officers were quartered in the Hotel Velay; but they were soon moved to the buildings in which they were to work, and the men, who had been in the same hotel with the men of Base Hospital No. 1, were [25] H I S T O R V OF U. S. A R M Y moved into the Velay. which was then their barracks. The nurses were at first quartered with the nurses of Base Hospital No. 1. in the Hotel Grande Grille; but were soon moved to the Hotel Bellevue, which was our Nurses Plome until after the Vichy season, when the Hotel des Ambassadeurs was requisitioned for the nurses of all the hospital units of the center. HOTEL INTERNATIONAL Headquarters U. S. A. Base Hospital 19, Vichy, France The Hotel International was at once selected as the Headquarters Hotel. It was a six-story building shaped like a letter X "Tl" short arm of the "L" paralleled the Rue de Nimes and the long arm [26] C/J. 6Jf/9 tfOT£L INTERNAT/ONAL Groonrf f/oor /fatcae by tfiwy /o t /s B A S E HO S P I T A L No. 19 extended backward from the street to an alley in the rear. The two sides enclosed a courtyard, which was further bounded by a wall on the back alley, in front of which was a raised platform, evidently used as an out-of-door restaurant in peace times. The fourth side was occupied by a one story and basement structure, which served as din- ing room and kitchen in peace times. There was also, on the side of HOTEL DV HAVRE ET DE NEW YORK, AND HOTEL Ll'TETIA this one story structure away from the courtyard, a yard containing a shed, with a sloping roof, its wall formed by the wall of the building next door. This was known to us as the yard. The portion of the courtyard immediately within the main entrance was covered by a [29] A HISTORY OF LT. S . A R M A* glass roof which was above the entresol, or our second story, and had a number of rooms, evidently used as stores in peace time, opening from it. The accompanying plans will show how we adapted tnese buildings to the needs of the headquarters. This hotel was also made the chief surgical hospital; the operating room was set up here, ana it also contained our largest patient's mess. We were disappointed in having to surrender one of the large dining rooms for the storage ol the goods, belonging to the proprietor of the hotel, which the P rencn military authorities had been using. At the same time we were assigned the Hotel du Havre et de New York, always called bv us the Havre, as our Chief Aledical Building. The first week was spent in getting these buildings ready for occu- pancy. The men and the nurses labored with scrub brushes, soap, mops, brooms and dust pans, putting everything in readiness. The International, being the chief surgical hospital, was commanded by Alajor Hennington, or by Captain Sadden, who took his place when he was on detached duty. The Havre was commanded by Alajor Ewers, as Chief of the Aledical Service. The equipment began to arrive about July 1st. and as fast as possible was unpacked and dis- tributed to the different buildings. On June 27th, Hospital Train No. 58 arrived with 350 patients for Base Hospital No. 1. Our men had their first duty in actually caring for the wounded, being detailed to assist the men of Base Hos- pital No. 1 in unloading the train. Two patients had died on the train, and on the 28th military funerals were held for them, one at the Catholic Church and the other at the Protestant Chapel. All men who died in Vichy were buried with military honors in the Vichy Ceme- tery, in which the United States Army had rented a section. There was always a detachment of enlisted men as funeral escort and taps was always blown. The first funerals were also attended by details of officers; but later the press of work made it impossible to detail officers for this duty and frequently the detail of enlisted men had to be made up from convalescent patients. The French always sent a compli- mentary escort; sometimes with officers. Flowers were always sent by the French people. On Friday, July 12th, we received our first patients. A hospital train arrived for Base Hospital No. 1. and as they were nearly full. we took 78 of their convalescent medical eases into the Havre. We were not nearly ready for patients, but the patients were ready for us and they were accommodated. On the 14th. Sunday, another train arrived with 488 patients and we took on that day and the next (15th), 272 more, receiving about 100 in the International, making our census on the morning of the 16th, 350. On the 14th, rumor had it that the Paris hospitals were being evacuated, explaining the sending of so many patients to us when we were not ready for them. They were getting ready nearer the front for the wounded that they expected [30] A HISTORY OF U.S. A R M Y from the Chateau-Thierry Operation, known officially as the Cham- pagne-Alarne Offensive. On the Alondav of that week, the 15th, the German advance on Paris was checked. When the news came in towards evening, a French officer said, "There is a smile on the whole face of France to-day." In order to accommodate the sick and wounded, we put up beds wherever there was room, among the packing cases in the glass covered court, in rooms partly cleaned, and in the hallways. What the men needed was a place to sleep, a chance to bathe, and some food. They got all three. From this time on we may be said to have been fairly launched on our career of active operation. On July 6th, Colonel Skinner left on order from Headquarters. Commanding General, Service of Supply, for temporary duty. He re- turned to the hospital on July 15th. and on July 19th. he left to assume command of the American Hospital Center of 20,000 beds which was being developed at Afars-sur-Allier (Nievre). Alajor Swan thereupon became Commanding Officer of the Hospital. He was pro- moted to be Lieutenant Colonel, with rank from August 20, 1918, "in recognition of his service to the country in organizing and bringing to France, Base Hospital No. 19", and continued to command the Hos- pital until it was demobilized at Camp L'pton, Alay 9, 1919. Colonel Skinner was missed by all. He was an ideal Commanding Officer. His experience made it possible for everyone to feel that his decisions were wise and that by following his directions the best results, under the prevailing conditions, would be obtained. His successor, new to mili- tary requirements and fresh from Civil life, missed his advice and undertook his new duties with considerable hesitation; but there was nothing to do but to obey orders and the work of the Hospital was carried on. Colonel Skinner desired to take with him to his new command some of the personnel of Base Hospital No. 19, to form the nucleus of his headquarters staff. Consequently. Captain Seehorn, who became Adjutant at Alars, Sergeant First-Class Ager, Sergeants Decker and Van Neil, and Privates First-Class Seherer. Bakker and Deyle, and Aliss Rockwood were released and were ordered transferred to Alars. They left on July 27th. Sergeants Ager, Decker and Van Neil were subsequently promoted to be Lieutenants in the Sanitary Corps, and Captain Seehorn was promoted to be Alajor. Later, Sergeant P4rst- Class Bainbridge was transferred to Alars. where he was promoted to be Second Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps, and assigned to duty as mess officer. The Milan was opened on July 17th. with Captain Booth in com- mand. The Amerique was opened on July 28th, with Captain Kaiser in command. The Splendide was opened on the 22d. with Captain Hoyt in command. The Neva and the Helder were opened on August 6th ; Captain Reed was in command of the former and Captain Has- kell of the latter. At this time we had 1.200 patients, and on Aua-ust [32] BASE H O S P I T A L No. //- ' * ''*& IV ■ ..... ,'," ^■B ' i«j|Bi.^ * >lf * * / ! fly ■ _^3> *«r ,_ v *, i SB ^5 •y 44BB1 | 1 * ^jBMm ■38*; ^PJ :•■■ J:. * jl'1 A- tf [33] A H I S T () R Y O F U . S. A R M Y 19th, 1,450. After the completion of the Aisne-AIarne offensive, on August 6th, there was a little time of less activity on the fronts and our census fell to as low as 632 on September 15th. The Somme offensive, August 8th to November 11th; the Oise-Aisne offensive, August 18th to November 11th; the St. Alihiel offensive, September 12th to November 11th; and the Aleuse-Argonne offensive, Septem- ber 26th to November 11th. taxed the capacity of the hospitals of the American Expeditionary Forces to the utmost. The census began to rise on September 16th and increased continuously until the 12th and 13th of November; on those days we had 3,518 and 3,504 patients. respectively; the high water mark of our activity. In order to accommodate the patients sent to us, we were obliged to open new hotels from time to time; the Cecil was opened October 3d; the Beaujolais Annex, October 5th; the Lutetia, October 16th; the Bellevue was opened for patients after the nurses were transferred to the Ambassadeurs, October 22d; the Russie on the 23d; the Char- milles, the Beau Site, the Venise and the Tours on the 25th; the Rhone on the 30th; the Suisse and the Barcelone on November 2d; the Naples on November 4th and the Lilas on the 6th. At this stage. we were required to report the normal beds in the various buildings. the number of emergency beds that could be put up in odd corners and in the halls, and the number of gold medal type cots that could be put up where there was no room for beds. Our normal bed capacity was then 3,629; emergency beds, 187; cots, 298; total capacity. 4.114. The 500 bed plant seemed a long way in the past, and the increase had come about so logically and so satisfactorily that it seemed but natural. The personnel was increased from time to time. Fourteen men were received to replace those that we left in the Base Hospital at Camp Alerritt, that Colonel Skinner took to Alars. and that were de- tailed to Headquarters of the Hospital Center, Vichy. These men re- ported for duty from the Training School for Sanitary Troops, on August 12th: Charles Daggert, Leon A. Deischbourg, Floyd Howell, John E. Kelleher, George A. Alartin, Harvey AI. AfcCann. William AIcEwan, Raymond R. Coffey, Alvin L. Knepp, John D. Lahart. Roy L. Alerritt, PLarl I. Pearce, Alexander H. Surette and Exer C. Yates. On September 8th, the personnel of Hospital Train No. 43. com- manded by Alajor Lyman B. Hollingshead. reported for duty, and on October 12th, the following men reported for duty, having been trans- ferred from Headquarters, First Depot Division: Sergeant First Class Marcus M. Perryman *Sergeant Jesse O. Bailey *Sergeant Harry J. Winn * Sergeant I'homas R. Wolfe *Sergeant Clarence E. Worden •Private Clarence E. Lanyon Private Harold L. Sine *Charlie Alartin George C. Smith [34] B A S E HOSPITAL No. 19 [35] A HISTORY OF U.S. A R M Y *Guy Malon James B. McKenzie Lee McClaughertv *Charles O. McClure *Leo Marrs Tolbert F. McQueen Earl Middleton John L. Magnuson *Jimmie W. Manford *Roy Murray *Dan Murrah Hubert L. Alenn •Clarence H. McCreary •Daniel Martinez •Jackson B. Matthews •James C. Mabry •George Martin •James C. Aliller *Otto Alartens •Thomas B. Alichaud *Nels A. Nelson •Freddie E. Norris •Harry D. Nicholson •Ricardo Padilla •Clarke E. Puryear Clarence G. Perrv •Fay H. Provo •Robert L. Peal •Fred C. Parker •George B. Peterson •John Pack Roy F. Parker •Samuel H. Rankin George E. Rager •Thomas H. Rumfield Samuel A. Richardson •David Roberts •Frank Roast John T. Snodgrass •William T. Suggs •Gabriel D. Saavedra •Willis Stolte •Gale H. Scott •Gordon C. Smith •Sherman F. Stennett Henry B. Shavers •Willie J. Schmidt •Alfred A. Sutton William J. Stubenvoll •George T. Smith •Andrew F. Stewart Ray B. Stevens Flovd O. Spencer •Clifford O. Sanders Floyd F. Suggett •Frank J. Sauter •Noah Sewell •James T. Sellers •George B. Shoun Harve Smith •Tobert Scott •Charles C. Spillers •Howard D. Spillers •Roy Stinnett •Mortie LeSpears •Roy E. Shelby •Lewis E. Tatum •Ollie G. Thurmond •Francis AI. Thomas Charles H. Thompson •Afilan O. Talbert •George AV. Worthey •Byron F. Williamson •Raymond Wood Wavne Wheeler •John A. AVestfall •Fred A. AVvatt Eldredge M. AVest •Frank Welch Stanley L. Williams •Leslie L. Price •Fred Spencer The men whose names are marked with an asterisk (*) were at once transferred to Vichy Hospital Center. The other Base Hospitals did not reach Vichy in time to be ready for the patients received from the Champagne-AIarne Offensive. Con- sequently, it was necessary for Base Hospital No. 1, and ourselves to administer and do the professional work that would otherwise have been further divided. A hospital was expected which was to be known as a "Head Hospital." The Hotel Ruhl had been set aside for the Headquarters of this organization (Base Hospital No. 115), which was to do all the head surgery, eye, ear. nose and throat work for the center. In July and August this hotel, which had a bed capacity of [36] B A S E H O S P I T A L No. 19 1 J)o0. was administered by Base Hospital No. 1 and the professional work including the nursing was divided between that hospital and 19. Base Hospital No. 115, commanded by Lieut. Col. Edward C. Ellett arrived on September 6, 1918. and relieved the situation. Base Hos- pital No. 76, commanded by Lieut. Col. Lewis T. Griffith, arrived late COMMANDING OFFICERS OF HOSPITALS OPERATING IN HOSPITAL CENTER A'ICHA', FRANCE in September and Base Hospital No. 109, commanded by Alajor Fran- cis Vinsonhaler, arrived late in November. As we began to close up our affairs preparatory to leaving Vichv enroute for the United States, we transferred the Lilas to Base Hos- pital No. 109, on December 4th; the Helder on December 5th; the Havre, the Amerique, the Beaujolais annex, the Suisse and the Neva [37] / v. H I S T () R A' OF U. S. A R AI A' on January 16th. The Alilan was transferred to Base Hospital No. 76 on January 16th. The Splendide was transferred to Evacuation Hos- pitalNo^JSP, on Dcoomber H^ ; ^h" -FIolHpr nn-Deicmbct 5 th; frhe which had come to Vichv to relieve us. on January 19th. The Cecil was transferred to Base Hospital No. 115 on January 16th. The In- ternational was emptied of patients on January 14th and the men moved in from the Velay, which was cleaned and reported to the Rents. Requisitions and Claims service on January 25th. The other hotels were reported to the Rents. Requisitions and Claims service as fast as they were emptied and cleaned, between January 4th and 20th. The men moved from the Velay to the International on January 20th and the Velay was reported to the R. R. & C. service on January 25th. The closing of all records and the obtaining of a clearance from the Office of the Chief Surgeon was pushed as fast as possible and we were ordered to leave Vichy, enroute to the United States on P'ebruary 18. 1919. The work of the hospital may be divided into Administrative and Professional. The administrative work consisted of (1) keeping account of the orders received from time to time from General Head- quarters, from the Office of the Chief Surgeon, and from the Office of the Commanding Officer of the Center; keeping the records of the duties of the officers, men and nurses, making the requisite reports to superior authority, and conducting the correspondence; this work was done in the Adjutant's Office; (2) keeping a record of the names of the patients with the diagnoses of their injuries and diseases, the nature of their operations, their organizations, their iiome addresses. forwarding the lists of patients received and discharged to the Office of the Chief Surgeon, furnishing the patients with clothing and equip- ment seeing that they were sent to the train when they were well enough to be started back to their organizations or to the United States, and taking care of their property; this work was done in the Office of the Registrar; (3) keeping a record of the various articles of property belonging to the hospital, both purely military property. such as the clothing and equipment of the enlisted men; the medical supplies; keeping the buildings in repair; and looking after the heat- ing and sanitary appliances. This work was done in the office of the Quartermaster. It required a division, and early in the life of the hospital, an officer known as the medical supply officer, was detailed to have charge of all purely medical property; (4) keeping the rec- ord of the enlisted men and their duties and assignments; furnishing details for unloading hospital trains and other necessary work of the center; seeing that they were paid; paying the patients; this work was done in the office of the Detachment Commander; (5) feeding the patients and the personnel; this work was done in the office of the [38] THE ADJUTANT'S OFFICE FORCE THE MEDICAL PROPERTY OFFICER'S OFFICE FORCE A HISTORY OF U.S. A R AI Y Mess Officer. The Chaplain and the Chief Nurse had administrative duties in addition to their professional duties. When the unit first reached Vichy, Alajor Swan was Adjutant; when he succeeded Colonel Skinner as Commanding Officer, Lieu- tenant Lawther J. Whitehead was appointed Adjutant and after Ser- geant Heath was commissioned First Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps, and assigned to the Hospital for duty, he was appointed Adju- tant, succeeding Dr. Whitehead, and filled that office until the demob- ilization of the unit. Lieutenant Edgar W. Phillips was Registrar when the first patients were received. We could not well spare a medi- cal officer for that work and he was succeeded by First Lieutenant Thomas L. Casey, S. C. upon the arrival of that officer. After Ser- geant Lynn was commissioned First Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps and was assigned to the Hospital for duty, he was appointed Registrar, succeeding Air. Casey. The work in this office was the heaviest and most constant of that of any administrative department, except the subsistence department. The daily report of sick and wounded had to be in the mail at 10:00 A. AI., and necessitated a day and night force for its completion. Between midnight October 19th and midnight October 20th, 822 patients were received and during the same period there were 418 discharges, so that the sick and wounded report for October 21st contained more than twelve hundred items. This work went on day after day in an orderly and systematic manner. The record of patients was kept up; their property listed and tagged, and their valuables placed in the hospital safe. Every man was furnished with a new uniform, underclothing, mess kit, cap, overcoat or slicker and other equipment, and turned over to the evacuation office of the Hospital Center, when ready for discharge. The Quartermaster's Office was under the direction of Captain Williams. Soon after reaching Vichy, Lieutenant William F. Ryan was appointed Aledical Supply Officer; he was succeeded by Captain James M. Flynn. After Sergeant Nolan was commissioned First Lieu- tenant in the Sanitary Corps, he was appointed Aledical Supply Officer, succeeding Captain Flynn. This office had charge of all the strictly medical articles in our equipment; merely keeping the records of the items and where they were issued was considerable of a task. Captain Williams was relieved and ordered to the Quartermaster Casual Depot at Gievres. He was succeeded by Second Lieutenant Rolla L. Carpenter, the transfer being made on August 7th. This office kept the records of all the supplies except the purely medical items; it had charge of the repairs in the buildings, and of the stores and shops. After the Center was fully organized, a detachment of Engi- neers was ordered to Vichy and relieved us of a good deal of this work, but we always had plenty of jobs for the repair men to do. The car- penter work was under the direction of Sergeant Elgin and Sergeant [40] THE REGISTRAR'S OFFICE FORCE THE DETACHMENT COMMANDER'S OFFICE FORCE A II I S T O li Y OF U.S. A R M A' Ritter; they made tables and shelves from the packing material and were constantly busy with repairs of all kinds. The plumbing was under the direction of Sergeant Schutte; it was always out of order. The electrical equipment of the buildings was under the direction of Sergeant Alahar; usually as fast as one elevator was put in running order, another would require his attention. In the office of the Detachment Commander, the various details were made out; the payrolls for the personnel and the patients were made out; the Detachment Commander was "responsible for the dis- cipline, instruction, equipment, rationing, quartering and proper keep- ing of accounts and records of all members of his detachment." Upon our arrival in France, Captain Seehorn was detailed as Detachment Commander; upon his transfer to Alars, he was succeeded by Captain John D. Fowler, and after Sergeant Shults was commissioned First Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps, he was detailed Detachment Com- mander, releasing Captain Fowler. The Aless Officer had the hardest task of all. Originally planned to feed 500 patients, 26 officers. 65 nurses and 153 enlisted men, the task was increased until we were feeding 3,500 patients. 50 officers, and 350 enlisted men. The nurses' mess was separate from the gen- eral hospital mess and was looked after by the dietitians of the hospi- tals of the center, under the supervision of the Chief Nurses of the Hospitals. Instead of one general kitchen, we were obliged to estab- lish eleven kitchens and some of the mess halls had continuous meals for two hours, feeding the convalescent patients as they came up in detachments. In our main mess, in Headquarters building, on one par- ticularly busy day, the organization served 3,600 meals. Alesses were established in the International, the Havre, the Lutetia, the Amerique, the Helder, the Splendide, the Cecil, the Bellevue, the Suisse, the Bar- celone and the Velay. Aless equipment was at all times short; we used galvanized iron ash cans for cooking during our entire period of active service, it being impossible to obtain the proper number of large stock pots. The mess organization deserves the highest praise for the man- ner in which it performed its duties, often subjected to captious criti- cism from hungry patients who had no appreciation of the difficulties under which the work was done, they went about their tasks day and night with a cheerful manner and accomplished the work they set out to do. On our arrival in France, Captain Henry G. Smith was mess officer; he was succeeded by Lieutenant Thomas L. Casey and after Sergeant Cooke was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps, he was detailed as Aless Officer, succeeding Air. Casey. The Mess Officer was also the custodian of the Hospital Fund. Alajor Hoyt relieved Lieutenant Cooke as Aless Officer after the hospital ceased operating and continued as Aless Officer until he was detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States. [42] THE ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF, NOAr. 10, 1918 THE STAFF, Jl'EY 18, 1918 A HISTORY OF U. S. A R AI A' The administrative problems were increased in difficulty by the fact that the various units of the hospital were so scattered; but by daily conferences with the administrative officials, the Commanding- Officer was able to keep in touch with the varied questions needing decision. In each building of the hospital, there was a commanding officer and a chief ward master. Paragraph 46 of Hospital Order No. 84 thus defines the duties of the Commanding Officer of the buildings: "Each building operated by Base Hospital No. 19 as a component hospital of the group shall be in charge of a medical officer who will be responsible to the Commanding Officer for the treatment of the patients therein, the police of the buildings, the discipline of the patients and the medical department personnel on duty therein. He shall also be responsible for the establishment of regulations for fire prevention and the prompt evacuation of the building in case of fire." The Detachment Commander acted as Sanitary Inspector, and the Commanding Officer made frequent inspections of the various buildings of the group in person. PROFESSIONAL WORK Following instructions from the office of the Surgeon General of the Army and from the Director General of Alilitary Relief of the American Red Cross, the hospital was organized as a general hospital with all departments represented. Upon finding ourselves assigned for duty in a hospital center, we became subject to the orders of the Com- manding Officer of that Center. Alajor, later Colonel, Walter D. Webb had planned to have the various units of his center specialize along certain lines. According to this plan, No. 19 was designated as the hospital to do the contagious disease work, the respiratory infections. and to take care of the wounded German prisoners that might be re- ceived. Base Hospital No. 1 did the laboratory work (until a center laboratory was established in which the laboratory personnel from each unit worked), the urological work, the neurological work (until the arrival of Base Hospital No. 115), and the dental work. Base Hospital No. 115 was designated the "Head Hospital," and was to do all the head surgery, the ophthalmological, laryngological, and rhino- logical work. Each hospital unit had its general medical and general surgical services and its rOntgenological service. The operation of the center was cut short by the armistice so that the full development of this plan was never seen. An analysis of our patients made on December 20th, at which date we had 10,287 admissions, showed that 4.714 patients had been surgical; 4,117 medical, and 1,456 gassed. The patients received after December 20th were mostly repatriated prisoners from the German prison camps, who were held in quarantine for observation. The hos- [44] Julv 13 23 3500 :;25o 300(1 2750 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 CENSES CURVE. BASE HOSITTAL No. 19 R A S E H O S P I T A L No. 19 11,071 patients passed through its wards, of whom 78 died, a mor- tality of 0.70%. The following is a list of the causes of death (in this list there are more than 78 entries because some of the patients had more than one pathological condition) : Gunshot Wounds ................................... 34 Followed by Streptococcus septicemia.......... 12 Followed by Gas Bacillus septicemia........... 8 Followed by Bronchopneumonia................ 4 Followed by Lobar pneumonia................ 3 Followed by empyema ........................ 2 Followed by Secondary hemorrhage............ 1 Followed by transverse myelitis................ 2 Followed by shock, after operation............. 1 Followed by tetanus........................... 1 34 Pneumonias .................................... 31 Bronchopneumonia ........................ 16 Following gunshot wound............... 4 Following exposure to gas.............. 4 Following influenza .................... 1 Primary .............................. 7 16 Lobar Pneumonia ......................... 15 Following gunshot wound............... 3 Following exposure to gas.............. 1 Following influenza .................... 5 Primary ............................. 6 15 31 Empyema ......................................... 8 Following gunshot wounds..................... 2 Following pneumonia ......................... 4 Following exposure to gas..................... 1 Complicating general sepsis.................... 1 8 Exposure to Gas.................................... 9 Followed by bronchopneumonia................ 4 Followed by edema of the lungs................ 1 Followed by empyema....................... 1 Uncomplicated .............................. 3 9 Typhoid fever (both complicated by laryngeal diphtheria)........................ .......... 2 Miliary tuberculosis ................................ 2 Meningitis ......................................... 3 Epidemic cerebrospinal ....................... 2 Streptococcus after mastoidectomy............. 1 3 Nephritis .................................... .; Gangrene of the lung............................ Abscess of the liver.............................. -, Suicide ........................................... 2 Ether anesthesia .................................. [46] B A S E HOSPITAL No. 19 SURGICAL SERVICE The surgical service was directed by Alajor Hennington, and in his absence by Captain (later Alajor) Sadden. The International and the Helder were the surgical buildings for bed cases, each having its own operating room. The convalescent and ambulant cases were evacu- ated from these to other buildings as soon as they were able to look out for themselves and they and those patients who were ambulant from the time of their admission were dressed in dressing rooms set up in the Alilan, the Splendide. the Cecil, the Russie and the Venise. WOCNDED GERMAN PRISONERS Our main operating room was set up in the headquarters hotel. It had been the original intention of the chief of the surgical service to have [47] A HISTORY OF U. S. A R M Y all patients that required operation transferred to the International, but the distance from the farthest removed building was so great that it became necessary to establish a second operating room in the Helder in September. The first operation done in the International operating room was done under local anesthesia on July 24th, by Captain Gar- lick, for the removal of a foreign body from the right buttock. The first operation under a general anesthetic was done on July 26th by Captain Garlick for fistula in ano. In both operating rooms, 390 oper- ations were performed; 213 in cases of battle casualty, and 177 in cases of a civil character. Out of 3,809 battle casualty surgical ad- missions, 196 were operative cases and 3,613 were nonoperative. Of the operative cases there were four deaths, or 2.04% ; of the nonoper- ative cases, 23 died, or 0.63%. Of the total battle casualty admissions, the death rate was 0.70%. There were 14 cases of wounds of the abdomen received, all nonoperative, none of which died. There were 59 cases of wounds of the chest received, all nonoperative, one of which d of sepsis resulting in pyopneumothorax. endide. This service sent out two surgical teams. Surgical Team No. 80 was composed of Captain Warren Wooden, Captain WTilliam F. Ryan, Nurse Elizabeth Weber, Nurse Alary E. Harriman, Sergeant First Class Frank AI. Glover and Sergeant John W. AlcCauley. Jr. This team was ordered to duty with Base Hospital No. 15 and left the hospital on July 19th. They were in Paris July 21st to August 16th, attached to American Red Cross Alilitary Hospital No. 5; at Chateau Thierry, August 16th to August 22nd, attached to Evacuation Hos- pital No. 5; at Coiney, August 22nd to 25th, attached to Alobile Hos- pital No. 2 ; at Recourt, from August 30th to September 26th ; at Rave- court from September 26th to October 4th ; at Fleury from October 4th to November 1st, attached to Evacuation Hospital No. 114; at Standen from November 7th to November 9th; and at Iseghem from November 9th to 15th, attached to Alobile Hospital No. 9. They re- joined the hospital November 20th. Surgical Team No. 80-a was composed of Alajor Charles W. Hennington, Lieutenant Edgar W. Phillips, Nurse Olive B. Leussler. Nurse Alice L. Fitzgerald, Sergeant Alortimer H. Howard and Cor- poral Harold A. Burch. This team was ordered to duty with Evacu- ation Hospital No. 8 and left on September 8th. It served with Evacuation Hospital No. 8 through the St. Alihiel and the Aleuse- Argonne operations; it returned to the hospital on November 19th. We had agreed to furnish a Alobile Hospital and were engaged in detailing its personnel when the armistice put an end to all such activ- ity. Captain (later Alajor) Edward T. Wentworth was to command this hospital and the other officers were to be Captain Frederick J. [48] BASE H () S P I T A L No. 19 Garlick and Lieutenant Lawther J. Whitehead. The rosters of nurses and enlisted men had not been completed. MEDICAL SERVICE Tlie Aledical Service was under the direction of Alajor (later Lieutenant Colonel) Ewers. In addition to the regular run of medi- cal cases, this service had the treatment of all gassed cases that did not present surgical complications. The Contagious Disease Service was directed by Captain Albert D. Kaiser, who was in command of the Hotel d'Amerique. This service cared for all of the transmissible diseases that occurred in any of the hospitals in the center and all cases of this nature received on the hos- pital trains were sent directly to this hospital. From the time it was opened, July 28th, until it was transferred to Base Hospital No. 109, on January 16th, 509 cases were treated in its wards with a bid capa- city of 170; 150 normal and 20 cots. Vacant beds had to be kept in this building for segregating cases and a mess had to be maintained there. The following is a statistical report of this service: Diphtheria, clinical ........................... 162 Diphtheria, carrier............................. 97 Erysipelas .................................. 40 Scarlet fever ................................. 26 Mumps ..................................... 127 Measles ..................................... 16 Whooping cough .............................. 1 Meningitis .................■.................. 8 Vincent's Angina ............................. 17 German measles .............................. 11 Chicken pox .................................. 1 Meningitis, carrier ............................ 1 Diphtheria, carrier and mumps................. 1 Diphtheria, clinical and mumps................ 1 509 Deaths—'5, or 0.98%. Diphtheria, both laryngeal and both complicating typhoid fever............ 2 Meningitis (2 epidemic cerebrospinal; 1 streptococcus).................... 3 5 Respiratory Infections Service—When influenza became a problem in the American Expeditionary P'orces, Base Hospital No. 19 was designated the unit to take care of all the respiratory infections in the Vichy Center. The Hotel Lutetia, commanded by Alajor Arthur P. Reed, was opened for this purpose on October 16th, and was emptied of its patients on January 15th. During that time, this serv- ice treated 1.210 cases of influenza and 296 eases of pneumonia. There were 31 deaths from pneumonia, a death rate of 10.(57%. [49] A HISTORY OF U.S. A R M A This service sent out Shock Team No. 140, composed of Alajor Charles L. Hincher, Nurse Alary F. Laird and Corporal Wilfred J. AVright. The team was ordered to Base Hospital No. 66 and left Vichy on September 10th. It served with Evacuation Hospital No. 4 during the St. Alihiel and Aleuse-Argonne operations at Frommerville, and returned to the hospital on November 19th. During its period of service with Evacuation Hospital No. 4, that hospital was bombed in an air raid and Corporal Wright was gassed. The ROntgenological Service was directed by Captain Flynn, assisted by Lieutenant Whitehead. 2,217 examinations were made and 106 of the best plates were sent to the Arm)' Aledical School in Wash- ington for its permanent collection. This department was set up in a suite of rooms on the ground floor of headquarters. The necessary carpenter work was done by our own forces from the lumber salvaged from the packing material. The plumbing was done by our own men with some assistance from French contract plumbers. The Urological Service directed by Captain (later Alajor) Haskell, and assisted by Lieutenant Cook, operated in connection with Base Hospital No. 1. The Neurological Service directed by Alajor Hanes operated in connection with Base Hospital No. I, until the arrival of Base Hos- pital No. 115, which organization took over the service. This service was hampered by lack of personnel until the arrival of No. 115 and after that Alajor Hanes' services could be spared so that a request from Colonel Skinner at Alars, that Alajor Hanes be transferred to him for duty as his consulting neurologist, was granted. The Laboratory Service was conducted in Base Hospital No. 1, until the formation of a center laboratory in the Hotel Cherbourg. Captain Sutter had a course in wound bacteriology at Dijon in July and when he returned to Vichy was in command of .the laboratory dur- ing the absence of the Director, who was an officer of Base Hospital No. 1. After the establishment of the center laboratory. Captain Sut- ter was assigned to duty as the Chief of the Bacteriological Section and in connection with Captain (later Alajor) Booth made some very excellent studies of the prevalence of streptococcus hemolvticus in the throats of the patients and the personnel of the hospitals in the center. The necessity for an Ophthalmological and Otolaryngological Service was obviated by the arrival of Base Hospital No. 115. Alajor Odeneal, the chief of these services, was ordered to Evacuation Hos- pital No. 4, for duty on July 17th and did not return to us until September 1st. He was then ordered to Alars as Consulting Ophthal- mologist on September 5th. Lieutenant Voorhees worked in Base Hos- pital No. 1 as otolaryngologist until the arrival of Base Hospital No. 115, when he worked in that institution. [50] "-'--■, ';■-''/'. '■'■"/'■■''/////i mmm/'v-.'^^ THE MUSES A H I S T O R Y OF U . S . A R M A* The Dental Service of Base Hospital No. 1 had already been set up in the Hotel Carlton when we reached Vichy, and. as there was a suite of rooms of sufficient size, our dental service was combined with that of the former hospital. Lieutenants (later Captains) Wickins and Welcher gave 3,295 sittings to 1.812 patients and personnel of Base Hospital No. 19. during the period of active service; (the sta- tistics for the month of July are lacking in this total because the July report was erroneously combined with the report of Base Hospital No. 1). During the period of mobilization, this professional depart- ment was busy with the dental work for the command and 207 sittings were given to 138 officers and enlisted men. The Nursing Service: Under the direction of Aliss Jessica S. Heal, Chief Nurse, and Aliss Eunice A. Smith, Assistant, the nurses performed the duties assigned to them whether they were the custom- ary professional duties of the trained nurse, the administrative duties of the nurse on the wards of a military hospital, or the duties con- nected with the cleaning and making ready of buildings for occupa- tion, in a cheerful and thorough manner. Those nurses who were assigned to operating teams and who were detached for service with medical formations at the front have already been enumerated. The Nurses of Operating Team 80 had the most continuous front line serv- ice of any. On February 8, 1919, the following nurses were transfer- red to Evacuation Hospital No. 26 at Coblenz, Germany, per authority Telegram from Adjutant General, G.H.Q., A.1\.F., dated Feb. 7th: Elizabeth Weber Edna A. Moat A. Elizabeth Pierson Marie Haney E. Alae Clayman Marv E. Harriman Mary T. Walsh Marcella J. Craven Isabelle A. Power Winifred Flannigan Olive B. Leussler Mary T. McGrath Margaret Scarry Alarcia L. Prosser Kate Breihof Jessie II. Davidson Katherine AlcCullough Bessie E. Nelson Alarian E. Flint Agnes Cahaley Dorothy E. Becker Marian Price Mary E. Wayne Mabel H. Perry Mary E. AVilcox Clara E. AValde Marguerite Shirriffs Nola B. Uttley Jessie Barton Ella A. Junes The remaining nurses left Vichy with the unit on February 18, 1919 and proceeded from Nantes to LaBaule, in command of Captain War- ren Wooden, at the time the officers and men were diverted to \rallet. They were later returned to the United States, through Brest, on the S. S. Alt. Vernon, Alarch 3. 1919, and were subsequently discharged. on Alarch 11, 1919, from the military service. [52] 15 A S E H O S P I T A L No. 19 DISABILITY BOARD G. O. 41, G.H.Q., Alarch 14, 1918, has this to say about Disabil- ity Boards: "The conditions of actual war and the difficulties incident to transporting personnel to the theater of operations make it neces- sary to depart from the ordinary usages and customs in the determina- tion of degrees of disability. It is necessary in the conduct of this war that all personnel be utilized to the fullest extent. There are many necessary and important functions in a modern army which do not re- quire the complete physical fitness usually considered necessary in times of peace. It will, therefore, be necessary to establish a better policy in cases of presumed disability, after thorough examination, to utilize such officers or soldiers in such capacity as the best interests of the Government may dictate. Disability Boards will be convened for the purpose of passing on such cases." The order provided for the assignment of the patients to four classes: Class A, Physically Fit; Class B, Temporarily Unfit; Class C. Permanently Unfit; Class D, to be sent to the United States. The duties of the members of the disability board were difficult, because no- where else in the army did the egotism of certain of the men come into plav so markedly as when, after illness or wounds, it became necessary to decide whether they were fit to return to the front or fit only to be kept in the rear. The first disability board was appointed on July 17th and consisted of Alajor Hennington, Alajor Hanes and Captain Hincher. On July 24th, Alajor Hennington having been ordered to Evacuation Hospital No. 7 for temporary duty, Captain Sim was appointed in his place. On October 31st, Alajor Hincher having been ordered to Base Hospi- tal No. 66, as the physician of Shock Team No. 140, the board was reconstructed and was then composed of Alajor Hanes. Alajor Ewers and Captain Sadden. These boards performed their duties with jus- tice and with impartiality. The amount of work done by this hospital may perhaps be best ap- preciated bv a glance at the number of hospital days; July ..... August . . September October . November December January . Total .. 7,180 2H,6K(i 30,836 47,594 100,332 58,995 7,202 [53] A H I S T O R A" OF U.S. A H AI Y HOTELS OPERATED AS HOSPITALS 1 !Y BASF HOSPITAL 19, AT A'ICHY, FRANCE. 1918. Emer- gen ex- Name Opened Normal Beds Beds &Cots Class of Cases Closed international July 13 403 113 Headquarters Surgical and Operating Room. Feb. 18 *Havre July 12 170 70 Medical. Jan. 16 *Lutetia October 16 170 0 Influenza and Pneumonia. Jan. 15 *Amerique July 28 150 20 IVansmissible Diseases. Jan. 16 Neva August 6 360 90 Convalescent Medical. Jan. 16 *Helder August 6 80 30 Surgical and Operating Room. Dec. 5 Alilan July 17 130 20 Surgical and Dressing Room. Jan. 16 'Splendide July 22 330 64 Surgical, Fracture Ward, Dressing Room. Jan. 13 * Cecil October 3 145 32 Surgical, Dressing Room. Jan. 16 Beaujolais October 5 110 30 Convalescent Surgical. Jan. 16 * Bellevue October 22 1LS 16 Convalescent Medical. Dee. 21 Russie October 23 150 0 Convalescent Surgical, Dressing Room. Dec. 23 Venise October 25 72 0 Convalescent Surgical, Dressing Room. Jan. 25 Charmilles October 23 115 0 Convalescent Medical. Dec. 24 Tours October 25 40 0 Convalescent Medical. Jan. 6 Beau Site October 23 136 0 Convalescent Medical. Jan. 6 Rhone October 30 122 0 Convalescent Surgical. Jan. 14 "Suisse November 2 162 0 Fvaeuation Ward. Jan. 16 *Barcelone November 2 204 0 Convalescent, Medical and Surgical. Jan. 7 Naples November 4 66 [54 0 '] Convalescent Surgical. Jan. 4 B A S E HOSPITAL No. 19 Lilas November 6 396 0 Convalescent Nov. 26 Medical and Surgical. *\Telay June 22 300 50 Barracks for Jan. 20 Detachment. Total, Exclusive of Barracks 3629 485 Total Bed Capacity 4114 (*) indicates that a mess was established in the hotel. The Hotel Bellevue was used as Nurses' Quarters from June 22 to October 15. SANITATION AND HEALTH OF THE COAIAIAND The problem of sanitation of a hospital composed of as many scat- tered units as No. 19, was considerable. The streets in front of each building had to be kept clean by our personnel; the courtyards about which all French hotels are built and onto which many windows, open, offered convenient places for the unthinking patient and medical de- partment soldier to throw trash; and there were also many irregulari- ties in construction of the buildings which left little blind pockets into which dirty socks, cigarette butts, newspapers, empty tobacco tins and the miscellaneous junk that accumulates about the human habitation could be thrown. The mess halls and kitchens offered particular problems of their own; their construction and the utensils for dish- washing and garbage disposal were quite novel to our men. As has been stated elsewhere in this history, Base Hospital No. 19 at the time of its maximum activity occupied twenty-one buildings as hospitals and one as barracks. It is estimated that with the normal capacity, that is excluding the emergency beds and cots which were to be set up in halls, corridors and odd corners, the floor space available for each patient was about forty to fifty square feet. The heating systems were at all times inadequate. Those of the hotels that had "Chauffage central" were, at all times, insufficiently heated according to the standards of the United States. Stoves were set up wherever possible; but the coal was of poor quality, mostly briquettes, which required experience for getting out of them all the heat units possible. There were only five buildings of the group that had elevators; the International, Helder, Amerique, Lutetia, and Havre. These elevators were often out of order, so that when patients were expected it was never possible to be sure that they would be in commission; consequently we always counted on the men having to carry the stretcher cases to the wards. The wards themselves were small which made ward management dif- ficult. Sewage was disposed of through the municipal sewers of the City of Vichy in the majority of the hotels, but broken and disordered [55] A HIS T O R Y OF U.S. A R M A' NO. HOTEL 1 International 2 Havre 3 Splendide 4 Amerique 5 Neva 6 Helder 7 Cecil 8 Beaujolais NO HOTEL 9 Lutetia 10 Russie 11 Charmilles 12 Beausite 13 A'enisse 14 Tours 15 Rhone 16 Suisse NO. HOTEL 17 Barcelone 18 Naples 19 Lilas 20 Bellevue 21 A'elav 22 Milan 23 Garage [56] B A S F H O S P I T A L No. 19 plumbing interfered with the disposition for several months after we began operations. In the Hotel Russie, the sewage emptied into a cesspool, which over-flowed every two or three weeks, and the drainage from the Hotel Cecile became stopped up and produced a flood on one occasion. When there was a downpour of rain, we could never be sure what places the water would leak into. Garbage was disposed of in a satisfactory manner by a carrier who purchased it for feeding his pigs. The money realized from the sale of this garbage was added to the hospital fund. Empty tins and papers were collected by the Group Quartermaster. The disposal of surgical dressings caused a good deal of difficulty. The commanding- officer had expected to erect an incinerator such as was described in The Alilitary Surgeon for August, 1918. The yard of Headquarters was occupied by a bakery company nearly all summer and it was not until that organization moved out that a place was available. In Oc- tober such an incinerator was built by soldier labor, under the super- vision of Private First Class Kinney, at a cost of 1812.15 Francs, or 5^330.00. This incinerator was a practical apparatus, estimated to be capable of destroying four tons of rubbish a day, and if available dur- ing the entire period of our active service would have simjnified the disposal of such waste as surgical dressings, papers and other combus- tible rubbish. Before the erection of the incinerator, the combustible rubbish was destroyed in the heating plants in the hotels in which it accumulated. This was unsatisfactory because it interfered with the fires. We started out with a complete sterilizing apparatus for operating- room use and one large bed sterilizer. The operating room used a gasoline sterilizer until the apparatus shipped from the United States was received and the parts broken in transit were replaced. When the second operating room in the Hotel Helder was opened, a gasoline sterilizer was used there until an operating room equipment could be obtained from the Aledical Supply Depot at Cosne. The large bed sterilizer was set up at the Hotel Alaussant with the similar apparatus of Base Hospital No. 1 and the sterilization of all bulky material such as mattresses, clothing and blankets was taken care of there for the center. Bathing of the men was at all times difficult until the Commanding Officer of the Center, in October, succeeded in renting the Second Class Bath House from the French at the close of the Vichy Season. Then the ambulant patients went to the bath house from the hospital trains and were bathed and given clean clothing before they were sent to the wards. Until that time the Engineers detachment was engaged in in- stalling shower baths in the different hotels and in putting in tubs where possible. Alany of the hotels had no bath tubs and in Head- quarters Hotel there were but five bathrooms in the entire building. [57] A HISTORY OF U. S. ARMY The laundry was done at the steam laundries of Vichy by contract en- tered into by the Commanding Officer of the Center. The greatest part of the work was done in the Village of Bellerive across the Allier from Vichy. Owing to the shortage of labor and transport the collec- tions and deliveries were often much delayed on some occasions produc- ing acute shortage of available clean linen for the wards. The water supply was obtained from the municipal supply of Vichy from the River Allier. This water was examined bacteriologically by Captain Sutter twice a month. It was reported as a good, safe water, but not sterile. On January 10th, the bacteriological examination showed colon bacilli and the water was then boiled until the organisms had disappeared. The food supply was furnished by the Group Quartermaster, and was at all times ample with the exception of a shortage of potatoes and bread in October and November. The shortage of bread was due to the simultaneous decrease in the personnel of the bakery company and the increase in the number of patients being sent to Vichy. Liberal use was made of canned milk. Fresh milk was available in limited quantities only, and the examinations in the bacteriological laboratory showed that it was not safe to use it unless previously sterilized. An inspection of the dairies in September showed unsanitary surroundings and unsatisfactory condition of the dairy utensils. At first the clothing of the personnel and patients was not wear- ing well, and the quantity to replace the worn out articles was limited; but the quality improved and the quantity was unlimited early in the course of operations. Facilities for drying clothing were always lim- ited until the Bath House became available. No epidemic diseases were present in the hospital except sporadic cases until September 27th, when a Hospital Train brought eighty- one cases of influenza from Base Hospitals 31 and 32. In October there were forty-nine cases of influenza in the command; two officers, twenty nurses, twenty-seven enlisted men; and eight cases of pneu- monia; one officer, five nurses, one enlisted man and one civilian em- ployee. In November there were forty-three cases of influenza, and no pneumonia in the command. In December, thirty-two cases of in- fluenza, and no pneumonia. During these three months there were sporadic cases of tonsilitis, diphtheria, measles, mumps and scarlet fever, but nothing that could be considered epidemic or dangerous. One of the nurses was extremely ill with cerebrospinal meningitis in Octo- ber, but fortunately recovered. Aliss Anna WTilliams, a nurse gradu- ated from the Training School for Nurses of the Erie County Hospital, Buffalo, New York, contracted pneumonia in October. She had a virulent type of the disease and in spite of every effort of the medical service, she died on the 15th. One of nurses of Base Hospital No. 115 died at the same time. Their bodies were interred in the American [58] B A S E H () S P I T AL No. 19 Cemetery on October 17th, with military honors. Major Arthur P. Reed. Captain John R. Booth, Captain Albert D. Kaiser, Lieutenants Frederick AL Cook, John D. Lynn, 2nd. and Hunter acted as pall bearers for Miss Williams. ANNA MARIF WILLIAMS, A.N.C. Born December 4, 1885 at Harpole, Northamptonsire, England Died in line of duty at ATcliy, France, October 15, 191K Considering the conditions under which the personnel were living and the long hours of hard work performed by everybody the health of the command may be considered as uniformly good; with the exception of Aliss Williams, everyone who went to France with Base Hospital No. 19, returned to the United States. Upon the appearance of the first cases of influenza, the laboratory service made cultures of every throat in the command in an endeavor to find carriers of streptococcus hemolyticus. It is upon the prompt institution of these examinations and the treatment of the carriers that the commanding officer ascribes the fact that only eight cases of pneumonia occurred in the command. [59] A H I S T O R A" O F U . S . A R M A CEREMONIES During our work in Vichy we assisted at many ceremonies of a military, civil and religious character. On July 4th, Independence Day. which has been officially recog- nized as a Holiday by the French Government, was celebrated by the following programme: 11:00 A. AL, Service in L'Eglise St. Louis; addresses by a curate from Lille, who had been a German prisoner; and by the curate of the parish; viola, harp and contralto solos. 1:00 P. AI., procession from the Hotel Carlton to Concours Hippique, where track events and a base ball game was held. Speeches were made by Chaplain Wood of Base Hospital No. 1 and by the Marie de Vichy. In the evening a gala performance was given at the theater in the Casino. On July 14th, the French national holiday, Bastille Day, was cele- brated. At 9:00 A. AL, Alilitary Aledals were presented to wounded French officers and soldiers in the Park. At 10:00 A. AL, a proces- sion was formed in the following order: French Band, the Command- ing Officer of the Hospital Center, the Commandant de la Place de Vichi) the Medecin Chef, the Maire, the City Council, American and French Officers, P'rench Soldiers, Base Hospital No. 1, Base Hospital No. 19, Detachment of patients, Nurses. During this parade, the name of the Rue Cunin Gridaine was changed to Rue President Wilson and the name of the Boulevard National was changed to Boulevard des Etats Unis. Following this parade, the American and French Officers were the guests of the Maire at the Restauration in the Park. In the afternoon there was a concert in the Park. At 6:30 the American Of- ficers tendered the French Officers a complimentary dinner at the Hotel du Pare and at 8 :30 there was a gala performance in the theater. There were three ceremonies of presentation of the Distinguished Service Cross to patients in the Hospital Center. The Commanding Officer of Base Hospital No. 19 was detailed to command the parades on each of these occasions. The ceremonies were held at the Concours Hippique and were conducted according to Section IV, Bulletin No. 25, G.H.Q., A.E.F., Alay 9, 1918. "Where practicable the actual pre- sentation of * * * the Distinguished Service Cross * * * will be accompanied bv a formal review (Infantrv Drill Regulations. Part IV). "The persons to receive the award will assemble on the right of the line between the music and the first company. "If practicable, not less than one battalion will take part in the review. "The Division Commander will receive the review and personally present the awards." [60] B A S F H O S PI T A L No. 19 On December 11th, the presentation ceremony for the award of the Distinguished Service Cross to Sergeant Byron W. Hamilton, Co. AI. 168th Infantry and Private James L. Clark 47th Company, 5th Regi- ment. U. S. Marine Corps was held. Colonel Swans staff' consisted of 1st Lieutenant Mark Heath. S. C, Adjutant; Alajor Arthur P. Reed, AL C, Alajor Charles W. Hoyt AI. C. Captain Harry A. Sad den. M. C, Captain Warren Wooden. AL C. Captain Alvah S. Miller, AI. C, Captain Dexter D. King. AL C, 1st Lieutenant Lawther J. Whitehead, AI. C, 1st Lieutenant Thomas AI. Nolan, S. C. 1st Lieu- tenant John D. Lynn. 2d, S. C. and Second Lieutenant George C. Cooke, S. C. The parade was formed in the following order; Staff; Band of the 334th Infantry; persons to be decorated; two companies each of patients and personnel from Base Hospitals 115, 76. 19, 1 and 109. The colors were placed between the two companies of Base Hos- pital 19. The citations were read by Lieutenant-Colonel Edward C. Ellett, Commanding Officer of Base Hospital 115. The presentations were made by Colonel Walter D. Webb, Commanding Officer of Un- American Hospital Center Vichy. Colonel Webb's Staff was com- posed of Lt. Col. Edward C. Eliett. AI. C, Lt. Col. Lewis T. Griffith, AI. C. Lt. Col. Arthur AI. Wright. AI. C. Ll. Col. Joseph Sailer, AI. C. Alajor Francis Vinsonhaler, AL C. Alajor Henry W. Lyon. A. P. AL. Alajor John H. Wyckoff, AI. C. Captain Ralph E. Hare, S. C. Cap- tain Patrick F. Duggan, Q. AI. C. First Lieutenant Robert DeVecchi, S. C. Colonel Webb was attended by the Commandant de la Place de J'ichi) and Medecin Chef de J'ichi/. On January 7. 1919, the presentation ceremony for the award of the Distinguished Service Cross to First Sergeant Samuel E. Phillips. Co. B. 316th Infantry, was held. Colonel Swan's Staff was composed of Captain Heldensfelder, 16th Infantry, Adjutant. Alajor Charles W. Hennington. M. C. Alajor Charles L. Hincher, AI. C. Captain James AI. Fhnn, AI. C. Captain Henry G. Smith, AI. C. Captain Charles C. Sutter, M. C, Captain William F. Ryan, M. C. Captain Edward T. Wentworth, AI. C. First Lieutenant Lewis H. Levy. AI. C. First Lieu tenant Frederick AI. Cook, AI. C, First Lieutentnt DeForest Ballon, M. C, and First Lieutenant Alarvin V. Welcher. D. C. The citation was read by Lt. Col. Lewis T. Griffith, AI. C, Commanding Officer of Base Hospital No. 76. The presentations were made by Lt. Col. P"d- ward C. Ellett. AI. C. Commanding Officer of Base Hospital No. 115. Colonel P'llett's Staff was composed of Lt. Col. Lewis T. Griffith, AI. C. Alajor Francis Vinsonhaler, AI. C. Lt. Col. Arthur AI. Wright. AI. C. Alajor Clayton K. Haskell. AI. C. Captain Ralph E. Hare, S. C, First Lieutenant Robert DeVecchi. S. C. Colonel Ellett was attended by the Medecin Chef de J'ichi/. The order of the parade was the same as on the first ceremony except that there was no music. [61] PRFSFNTATION OF IIIF DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS TO FIRST SERGEANT SAMEEE E. PHILLIPS, CO. P», 31(iTH INFANTRY B A S E H O S P I T A L No. 19 On January 27th, the presentation ceremony for the award of the Distinguished Service Cross to P4rst Lieutenant Alarvin James Alene- fee, Headquarters Company. 116th Infantry, was held. Colonel SERAMCE CROSS PRESENTATION Swan's Staff was composed of Captain Heldensfelder, 16th Infantry, Adjutant. Alajor William V. Ewers. AI. C, Captain Harry A. Sadden, AI. C. Captain James AL Flynn. AI. C. Captain John D. Fowler, AI. C. Captain Frederick J. Garlick. AI. C. First Lieutenant F.dgar W. Phillips. AI. C. P'irst Lieutenant Lewis H. Levy. AI. C, First Lieuten- [63] A HISTORY OF U.S. A R AI Y ant Bert G. Voorhees, AI. C, First Lieutenant Ralph H. Wickens. D. C, First Lieutenant John D. Lynn, 2d, S. C, Second Lieutenant Rolla L. Carpenter, Q. AI. C. The citation was read by Lt. Col. Lewis T. Griffith, AI. C. and the presentation was made by Lt. Col. Edward C. Ellett. Colenel Ellett's Staff was formed by Lt. Col. Lewis T. Grif- fith. AI. C. Lt. Col. Arthur AI. Wright, AI. C, Lt. Col. William W. Percy. AI. C. Alajor Francis Vinsonhaler. AI. C, Alajor AlcClure. AI. C, Lieutenant Barrows. AI. C, First Lieutenant Nylan. M. C, First Lieutenant Raycraft, AI. C, First Lieutenant Holme, AI. C, First Lieutenant Nugent, AI. C, First Lieutenant AIcAIahon, AI. C, First Lieutenant Ewinski, AI. C. First Lieutenant West. AI. C, and First Lieutenant Pennypacker, AI.C. The parade was formed in the fol- lowing order: Col. Swan's Staff; Band of Evacuation Hospital No. 25; the person to be decorated; companies of patients and personnel of Base Hospitals No. 115, 76, 19, 1, Evacuation Hospital No. 25, Base Hospital No. 109; Evacuation Hospital No. 33. Colonel Ellett was accompanied by the Commandant de la Place de J'ichy and the Medecin Clief de JicJiy. On August 4th, a detachment of patients and personnel attended mass at L'Eglise St. Blaise, where a special prayer service was con- ducted for France and her Allies. On November 24th, The City of Vichy decorated the graves of the soldiers who were killed or had died during the Franco-Prussian War. 1870-1871, and in the World War, 1914-1918. A detachment of fifty enlisted personnel commanded by First Lieutenant Thomas AI. Nolan, S. C, formed part of the parade. The Commanding Officer and three officers formed part of the detachment of American Officers. Speeches were made in the cemetery by the Prefect of the Department Allier, the Ma ire de J'ichy and others. The graves of the American soldiers and nurses who died in Vichy were also decorated. On November 11th, the news of the surrender of the German Ar- mies and the establishment of the Armistice was received. The bells of the churches in Vichy were rung until the ropes broke. In the eve- ning a parade, in which a detachment of officers and personnel repre- sented Base Hospital 19, was organized by the French. There was much enthusiasm, and in front of the Mairie and the American Head- quarters the French band played the Alarseillaise and the Star Span- gled Banner. On November 16th, the Americans in Vichy held a parade in cele- bration of the armistice and the end of the war. The Band of the 334th Field Artillery from Clermont-Ferrand was ordered to Vichy for the ceremony and the American General Foote and a FEench Gen- eral Officer reviewed the parade, which was commanded bv Lt. Col. Edward C. Ellett, Commanding Officer of Base Hospital No. 115 The patients from each hospital were formed in provisional companies [64] 13 A S E II O S P I T A L No. 19 according to the Divisions in which they had fought. Wounded men who could not march were transported in trucks, and the personnel of the hospitals was formed in companies commanded by the Command- ing Officers of the hospitals. There were about 5000 men in line. On February 9th, memorial services for ex-President Roosevelt were held in the Red Cross Theater at 10:00 A. AI. Lt. Colonel Swan and Alajor Francis Ainsonhaler made addresses. After the hospital ceased operating, military routine was again es- tablished and hikes started through the country about Vichy. On January 30th the company marched to Abrest. and return. 8 km. On February 3d, to a point on the road to Ganat, 4 km. from Vichy and return. On February 5th to a point on the road to Randan, 4 km. from Vichy and return. On February 10th, to Hauterieve, and return, 8 km. On February 13th, to Vernet and Cusset to Vichy, commanded by Alajor Ewers. On February 14th, orders were received directing Base Hospital 19 to proceed to Labaule (Loire Inferieure) for trans- portation to the United States. On the 15th. these orders were modi- fied sending the nurses to Labaule and the officers and men to Nantes. On February 18th, Base Hospital No. 19 left Vichy at 6:51 P. AL We were escorted to the station by the band of Evacuation Hospital No. 25, Lt. Col. William W. Percy, commanding, and detachments of the hospital units operating in Vichy. The officers and men marched through a double line of men from the other units into the station while the band played "Eliza Jane." While operating in Vichy we became indebted to AL and Alme. J. J. Hoff. of Paris, for numerous games for the recreation room in the Hotel International, and to Aladame Becker for a piano for the Hotel du Helder, and a piano and books for the Hotel d'Amerique. [65] A HISTORY OF U. S. A R AI A' CHAPTER V. THE PERIOD OF RETURN TO THE UNITED STATES AND MUSTER OUT WE spent the first night on the train outside Saincaize. Colonel Skinner visited us early on the morning of the 19th while the men were having breakfast. On the night of the 19th, we were in the station at Tours; some of the officers and men and all the nurses slept in the Red Cross Hut just outside the station. Brigadier-General Jefferson R. Kean, AI. C, of the Chief Surgeon's Office, had been at the station to meet us and to speed us on our way; but our train was so late in arriving, nearly midnight, that he had to be content with leaving a note. We arrived in Nantes at 4 P. AL. February 20th. There we were sent to Le Pallet for billetting where we arrived at 9:00 P. AI. We were met by the Town Alajor. First Lieutenant Lewis, who told us that we were to be billetted at a village 7 km. from the railroad, called Vallet. We had the choice of marching in that night or sleeping on the train and marching in early next morning. The latter alternative was chosen and wc slept on the train that night and marched in to Vallet at about 9 A. AI., February 21st. Here we had a slight taste of the con- ditions under which most of the A. 1\. F. had been living during the war. Here we really learned the pleasant lines that had fallen to us in having been ordered to Vichy with its sidewalks, electric lights and other conveniences. The men were billetted in two theaters, small mo- tion picture houses, and the outbuildings of a chateau which was 1 km. from the town. One of the theaters was behind a blacksmith shop and was always known by that title. The Town Alajor allowed those of the enlisted personnel who desired to do so to rent rooms of the inhabi- tants of the village and many availed themselves of the privilege. But we shall never forget the cold, the rain and the discomfort, in spite of the fact that we had been so fortunate in the past. During peace times there had been a railroad running from Le Pallet to \rallet but its tracks had been taken bodily to the zone of the armies for use there; a few days before we left Vallet for St. Nazaire. a labor battalion came into Aallet to relay the tracks. When we reached \Tallet, an Aero Squadron was billetted in the town; after they moved out we made some more convenient arrange- ments, moving the men who were at the Chateau into the town thus concentrating our company. Later Base Hospital No. 9, the New York Hospital Unif, arrived. Base Hospital No. 23. the Buffalo Unit, [66] B A S E HOSPITAL No. 19 came into Alouzillon, about 4 km. from Vallet, during our stay there. The men were allowed to go to Nantes in parties of twenty-five or- thirty nearly every day. The square of the town was given over to base ball, played with an indoor ball. The records of the hospital com- pany were inspected on February 26th. The equipment of the men was inspected on Alarch 4th. On Alarch 23d. fifteen officers were de- tached and left for Brest for Transportation to the United States. On April 9th, we left Vallet at 9:45 A. AI. and marched to Le Pal- let being escorted out of the village by Base Hospital No. 9. The of- ficers and men of that organization formed on each side of the road and cheered us on our way. We entrained at Le Pallet at 12:30 P. AL, and reached St. Nazaire at 5:00 P. AI. After marching from the rail- road station to camp we were assigned to Camp No. 2 ; on the 11th, we were transferred to Camp No. 1, and on the 13th of April, we left Cam]) No. 1 at 4:30 A. AL, marched to the docks and went on board the U. S. S. Freedom. We pulled out of the slip at 11:00 A. AL, headed for New York. The P'reedom was a small ship, formerly the Wittekind, belonging to the Hamburg-American line. There had been stormy weather in the Bay of Biscay the day before we left and we struck high winds and heavy seas. On one day, April 15th. we made fifty-four miles only and were blown some distance from our course. The seas moderated in time and we reached Bush Terminal early in the morning of April 2Sth. We were transferred to Camp Alills. which we reached about 8:00 P. AI. Here the men were given leaves of ab- sence to visit New York and on Alay 4th, we were transferred to Camp Upton where the work of demobilization was completed and the men were discharged from the service and left for their homes on Alay 7th. While billetted in Vallet, we attended a memorial mass in the Church for the Soldiers of the district who had been killed during the war. The priest read the names of the men and the farms or sur- rounding villages from which they came. [67] A HIS T () R A OF U.S. A R M A" CHAPTER VI. SOA1E MISCELLANEOUS AIATTERS THE COFFEE COOLERS BEP'ORE the armistice was signed the men had all they could do in the line of their hospital duties; there was little time for en- tertainment, although several shows had been given in the court- yard of the International Hotel and the Red Cross Theater provided movies and other entertainments. Early in January. Corporal Hawken, at the suggestion of the Commanding Officer, called the mem- bers of the company who had shown ability in the line of entertainment together and put on a minstrel show at the Red Cross Theater on Janu- ary 29, 1919, which was well received. This company was composed. in addition to Corporal Hawken, who was one of the end men, of Ser- geant First Class Frank G. Orlopp. Sergeant John W. AlcCauley, and Private First Class Robert J. Aliller, End Alen. Private First Class Henry W. Chine, Interlocutor, and a chorus composed of Sergeant First Class John F. Harney. Sergeants Chester J. Ritter, John G. Paul, PHson I. Wright, Percy W. Waller, Russell J. Scheer, John J. Klein, Arthur J. Brill, Carl G. Chamberlain; Corporals Clarence B. Ludlow, John J. Farrell, Wilfred J. Wright, Jean R. Vacheron, Harold J. Shearer; Cook Leo J. Hetterick; Privates First Class Ray Kirchgasser. William AIcEwan, Roland W. Dare, Joseph D. Bray. Gregory Allen. P'arl I. Pearce, Norton W. Stevens. George J. Hindi. Emmett R. Cos- tich. Harry P',. Lambert, Cyril W. Flowers. Ralph E. Bircher. Alichael Stubella, James B. Olmstead, Frank W. Iteming, Palmer G. Hibbard. Clarence E. Alason, Ingraham Curtis. Harold A. Callahan. Norman G. Otto, Charles S. Eberwein, Dirk S. Alilet, Dale C. Lester. Harry E. Russell. Anthony C. Buonomo and Ralph D. Gorsline. This company gave performances at the Hospital Center, Mars-sur-Allier on the eve- ning of February 7th and the afternoon of February 8th. After we reached our billet on the way back to the United States, the company gave its entertainment at Clisson (Loire Inferieure) on Alarch 5tli. The interest of the Entertainment Officer of the Nantes Billettino- area was drawn to the company and as a result he had the company sent in to Nantes on Alarch 13th, where it was coached for a week bv Seroeant Jacoby, a professional entertainer. The Entertainment Bureau. Y. AI C. A., furnished costumes and make-up material. Alajor Edward T Wentworth was in command of the men, as entertainment officer. Dur- ing the week of its stay in Nantes, performances were <>iven in the Y [68] P, A S E HOSPITAL No. 19 AL C. A. City Hut on Alarch 14th; at the Hospital Center, Rennes, Alarch 15th; at the Hospital Center, Doulon, Alarch 16th; and at the Salle Colbert, Rue Colbert, Nantes, Alarch 17th, 18th and 19th. The company returned to Vallet on the 20th. On the 21st, it gave a per- formance at Torfou; on the 22d. an afternoon performance at Aigre- feuille for Base Hospital No. 115, which was billetted at that place and an evening performance at Getinge for the First Trench Alortar Battery. From Alarch 25th to Alarch 30th. inclusive, it gave an eve- ning performance daily at the Red Cross Auditorium at Savenay. On March 31st. an evening performance at Vallet for Base Hospitals 9, 23 and 19. Arrangements were being made for a trip to the neighbor- ing towns as far away as Tours when orders were received from the Commanding Officer, U. S. Troops, Nantes, to discontinue all such ac- tivities as the Hospital was about to be sent forward to the port of em- barkation. The company that was coached at Nantes differed a little from the original company and included the following: Sergeants First Class John F. Harney, soloist; Frank G. Orlopp, end man and dancer; Ser- geants Chester J. Ritter, stage manager; Arthur J. Brill, violin soloist; John W. McCauley, end man; John G. Paul, soloist; Percy W. Waller, make-up man; Prison I. Wright, Russell J. Scheer, John J. Klein, and Carl G. Chamberlain. Corporals, Charles E. Hawken, end man and soloist; Clarence B. Ludlow, John F. Farrell, Harold J. Shearer, Jean R. Vacheron, and Wilfred J. Wright. Privates First Class, Ray Kirk- gasser, soloist; Alichael Stubella, Henry W. Clime and Frank AY. Flem- ing, special pantomime act; Clarence E. Alason and Ingraham Curtis. banjo duet; Elmer G. Hibbard, piano soloist; Robert J. Aliller, end man and dancer; William AIcEwan, Roland W. Dare, Joseph D. Bray, Gregory Allen, Earl I. Pearce, Norton AY. Stevens, George J. Hinch, Harry Lambert, Ralph E. Bircher, James B. Olmstead, Harold A. Cal- lahan, Norman G. Otto, Cook Leo J. Hetterick. Private First Class Clune acted as interlocutor. The Orchestra was composed of Ser- geants Brill and Klein, Corporal Vacheron and Privates First Class Hibbard, Alason, Curtis, Callahan and Otto. The chorus was one of the best toned and best balanced that could be imagined. Privates Stu- bella and Fleming and Privates First Class Curtis and Alason were re- tained in the A. E. F. Entertainment Bureau, when the Hospital Com- pany left for the United States, on account of the excellence of their acts, and with their consent. The orchestra had played for dances and entertainments in Vichy during the summer. LADIES' AUXILIARY The Ladies' Auxiliary of Base Hospital No. 19 was organized in Auo-ust, 1917. During the autumn of 1917, meetings were held at ir- [69] A HIS T O R A' O F U. S. A R AI A' regular intervals in the Armory, at which plans were made for provid- ing for the comfort of the men of the unit during mobilization and active service abroad. The officers were: President, Airs. Charles Taylor; Vice-President, Airs. A. E. Hawken; Recording Secretary, Aliss Florence L. Connal; Financial Secretary, Airs. E. J. Barrett; Treasurer, Aliss Ada Klein. The Auxiliary furnished oilcloth for use as table covers for the enlisted mens' mess, knit goods, comfort bags, pillows, and sweaters for the enlisted men. Every Wednesday after- noon during the period of mobilization some members of the Auxiliary were present at the Armory to do mending for the men. The members of the Golden Glow Circle supplied numerous articles by its co-opera- tion with the Auxiliary; socks, chocolate, phonograph records and books were also supplied, and they also gave some money for musical instruments. On April 12, 1918, the Auxiliary gave the men a complimentary dance and on Alay 7, 1918, the enlisted men were given a compliment- ary supper in the Aless Hall. The Auxiliary had an enrollment of 121 members, and held twenty-one meetings. THE CADUCEUS Shortly after mobilization, five of the enlisted men who had been employed on Rochester newspapers, with the approval of Colonel Skinner, began to publish a weekly paper which they called the "Caduceus." After arriving at Vichy, this paper was made the news- paper for the Vichy Hospital Center. The men active in the produc- tion of the paper were Henry W. Chine, Edward H. Kennedy, Lewis R. Decker, Alan Porter, William P\ Ryan, and Albert H. Longbotham. [70] BASE HOSPITAL No. 19 CHAPTER VII. CONCLUSION ANEW period of the World's History began when the German Army attacked France through Belgium August 1, 1914. The first dramatic event in this new period is the World War in which the United States finally became involved. The personnel of United States Army Base Hospital Number Nineteen may feel that they have had an honorable part in that struggle. They went where they were sent, did what they were told to do, and after completing the task they were organized to accomplish, they were returned to their homes and to their peace time occupations. As the years go on the appreciation of the size of the task and its true significance will become more keen. The following General Orders are reproduced so that every one may feel that his work was appreciated by his superiors: G. H. Q. AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES General Orders France, Nov. 12, 1918. No. 203. The enemy has capitulated. It is fitting that I address myself in thanks directly to the officers and soldiers of the American Expedition- ary Forces who by their heroic efforts have made possible this glorious result. Our armies, hurriedly raised and hastily trained, met a veteran enemy, and by courage, discipline and skill always defeated him. Without complaint you have endured incessant toil, privation and dan- ger. You have seen many of your comrades make the supreme sacri- fice that freedom may live. I thank you for the patience and courage with which you have endured. I congratulate you upon the splendid fruits of victory which your heroism and the blood of our gallant dead are now presenting to our nation. Your deeds will live forever on the most glorious pages of America's history. Those things you have done. There remains now a harder task which will test your soldierly qualities to the utmost. Succeed in this and little note will be taken and few praises will be sung; fail, and the light of your glorious achievements of the past will sadly be dimmed. But you will not fail. Every natural tendency may urge towards re- [71] A HISTORY OF U.S. A R AI Y laxation in discipline, in conduct, in appearance, in everything that marks the soldier. Yet you will remember that each officer and each soldier is the representative in Europe of his people and that his bril- liant deeds of yesterday permit no action of today to pass unnoticed by friend or by foe. You will meet this test as gallantly as you have met the tests of the battlefield. Sustained by your high ideals and inspired by the heroic part you have played, you will carry back to our people the proud consciousness of a new Americanism born of sacrifice. Whether you stand on hostile territory or on the friendly soil of France, you will so bear yourself in discipline, appearance and respect for all civil rights that you will confirm for all time the pride and love which every American feels for your uniform and for you. John J. Pershing, General, Commander in Chief. OFFICIAL : Robert C. Davis, Adjutant General. G. H. Q. AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES General Orders France, Nov. 15, 1918. No. 206. The following cabled communication from the Secretary of War is published to the command: "The signing of the armistice and the cessation of hostilities brings to an end a great and heroic military adventure in which the Army under your command has played a part distinguished by gallantry and success. It gives me pleasure to express to you the confidence and ap- preciation of the War Department and to those who have labored with you to make this result possible this appreciation of their zeal, courage and strength, both of purpose and achievement. The entire country is filled with pride in your fine leadership and in the soldierly qualities shown by your Army. Now that a respite has come in the solemn task to which the Army devoted itself, the War Department will do all in its power to expedite the early return of the Expeditionary Forces to the United States in order that the country may welcome its soldiers home, and in order that these soldiers may be restored to the opportuni- ties of civil life as speedily as the military situation will permit. I extend to you as Commanding General of the American Expeditionary Forces my hearty congratulations and this expression of high esteem [72] B A S E H () S P I T A L No. 19 and I beg you to make known to the officers and men of your command the fact that their Conduct as soldiers and as men has stirred the pride of their fellow countrymen, and that their military success has contrib- uted to the great victory for the forces of civilization and humanity. (Signed) Newton D. Baker, Secretary of JVar." By Command of General Persliing : James W. AIcAndrew, CJiief of Staff. OFFICIAL : Robert C. Davis. Adjutant General. G. H. Q. AAIERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES General Orders France, Nov. 20, 1918. No. 211. To the Officers and Soldiers of the American Expeditionary Forces: The mission intrusted to us by our country has not been ended by the armistice that is now in operation; and the same devotion to duty and sincere effort to attain efficiency which have marked your partici- pation in the actual conflict are still demanded of you. It is the desire of our Government to return us to our homes at the earliest possible moment, and every effort will be made to accomplish that purpose. It will be as difficult, however, to effect our return to America as it was to bring us to Europe; and any lack of enthusiasm in the tasks still to be accomplished will surely serve to postpone the hour of our departure for the United States. I trust that each of you will continue to maintain the high standard of efficiency and conduct that has characterized your service in the past; and I expect every officer and soldier to undertake, with the same fine spirit they have always exhibited, the duties yet to be performed before the mission of these forces is successfully completed. John J. Pershing, General, U. S. Army. OFFICIAL : Robert C. Davis, Adjutant General. [73] A HISTORY OF U.S. A R M A' AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES Headquarters Services of Supply General Orders France, November 30, 1918. No. 60. The following telegram from the Commanding General, First Army, dated November 19, 1918, and reply thereto is published for the information of this command : "Commanding General, S. O. S. No. 300, G. S. The 1st Army, A. E. F., desires to convey its full appreciation for the great assistance afforded by the officers and sol- diers of the S. O. S. during its recent battles. The battles of the Ar- gonne and the Aleuse were hard and continuous for nearly two months. During this period you never failed us. Food, ammunition, clothing, medical attendance and other supplies were always at hand. Our con- fidence in your efforts was well repaid. The 1st Army, A. E. F. con- gratulates the S. O. S. on its share in the great American success. Without your energy and push back of us our efforts could not have succeeded. Share with us the glory of our deeds. Liggett." "Liuet. Gen. Liggett, Commanding First Army. CG-109. Your telegram received and touches our hearts with its generosity. I am publishing it to the S. O. S. and thank you in their name. The work of your Arm}r has won for it imperishable renown and we are proud to have contributed to your splendid success. Harbord." By Command of Major General Harbord : W. D. Connor, Chief of Staff. OFFICIAL : L. H. Bash, Adjutant General. [74] B A S F. H O S P I T A L No. 19 G. H. Q. AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES General Orders France, Jan. 1, 1919. No. 1. The following War Department Cablegram (2388-R) is published for the information of all concerned : "Greetings to TJwse in the Uniform of the United States Army : "To you who have fulfilled the promise of the nation overseas, and you who stood ready in reserve at home, I send greetings for the New Year. The year of 1918 has shown what America can do; 1919 will show what America is. Your part in the great accomplishment has been a vital one. The part you will bear in the days to come will be no less important for our country. The process of demobilization is moving swiftly, in order and in accordance with plan. Clearly every- thing cannot be done at once and patience will be needed. Each step must follow the step before, and some units will go quickly, while others may be held a little longer for reasons that are very real, though sometimes not apparent on the surface. As America made her power felt more quickly than the foe thought possible, so she will return that power to the pursuits of peace with all due speed. As you have shared in the pride of the first accomplishments, so must your patience aid in the present adjustment to new conditions. The privilege of having stood in the ranks of the army of victorious democracy will be your pride through the years to come. If fortune has decreed that only weeks or months remain for you to stand in those ranks, instead of bloody years as our Allies have done, then bear yourselves through the remaining days in a way to increase that pride. The best wishes of the country for 1919 and all the coming years are yours. To these I add mv own heartiest good wishes and the confidence that in the future as ex-soldiers, as you have done in the past as soldiers, you will con- tinue to reflect the highest honor on our country. (Signed) "Newton D. Baker." This order will be read to all organizations and detachments by their commanders. By Command of General Pershing : James W. Ale Andrew, Chief of Staff. OFFICIAL : Robert C. Davis. Adjutant General. [75] A HIS T O R Y OF U. S. A R M Y PERSONNEL COLONEL George A. Skinner, AI. C, U. S. A. Camp Lewis. Washington Reported for duty December 23, 1917, and took command. Transferred to 'Command the Hospital Center at Alars-sur-Allier (Nievre), July 19, 1918. Commanding Officer. LIE UT E NAN T-COLON E LS John AI. Swan 457 Park Ave., Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, December 9, 1915. Major, M. O. R. C, April 9, 1917. Lt. Col., AI. C, U. S. A., August 20, 1918. Citation from Commanding General A. E. F. for "Exceptionally meri- torious and conspicuous services at Base Hospital 19." April 19, 1919. Commanding Officer from Alav 29, 1917 to December 23, 1917, and from Julv 19, 1918 to May 9, 1919. William V. Powers 44 N. Goodman St.. Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, M. R. C, February 12, 1916. Alajor, AI. O. R. C, April 11, 1917. Lt. Col., M. C, U. S. A., February 28, 1919. Detached and ordered to Brest for Transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Chief of the Aledical Service. AIAJORS Chari.es W. Hennington 633 Park Ave., Rochester. N. Y. First Lieutenant, M. R. C, February 12, 1916. Major, AI. O. R. C, April 11, 1917. Ordered to Evacuation Hospital No. 7, for temporary duty, Julv 18, 1918; returned August 3, 1918. Ordered to Evacuation Hospital No. 8, as surgeon of Surgical Team No. 80-a, September 8, 1918; returned November 19, 1918. Detached and ordered to Anuers to await transportation to the United States, January 21, 1919. Chief of Surgical Service. Joseph L. Ransohoff 2305 Soultaris Ave.. Cincinnati, Ohio. Major, AI. O. R. C, November 17, 1917. Joined the Hospital at Rochester, March 3, 1918. Detached and ordered to Fort McPherson, Ga., General Hospital No 6, March 25, 1918. Edward L. Hanes 748 Alain St. E.. Rochester. N Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, June 5, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, April 2, 1917. Alajor, AI. O. R. C, Alarch 2, 1918. Detached and ordered to Hospital Center Mars-sur-Allier, for duty as consulting neurologist, December 15, 1918. Neurologist. [76] B A S E HO S P I T A L No. 19 Erskine P. Odeneal Gulfport, Aliss. Captain, M. O. R. C, Julv 10, 1917. Major, At. C, U. S. A., .March 8, 191S. Joined the Hospital at Rochester, February 11, 1918. Ordered to duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 1, July 17, 1918. Re- turned September 1, 1918. Detached and ordered to the Hospital Center at Mars-sur-Allier for duty as consulting ophthalmologist, September 5, 191S. Ophthalmologist. Lyman B. Hoi.lingshead Pemberton, N. J. Captain, M. O. B. C, April 16, 1918. Major, M. C, U. S. A., August 20, 1918. Joined the Hospital at ATchy, September 9, 1918. Detached and ordered to report to the Commanding Officer, Hospital Cen- ter, Savenay, January 21, 1919. Commanding Officer, Hospital Train No. E3; Ward Surgeon. Clayton K. Haskell 23 West 43d Street, New York City. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, February 12, 1916. Captain, M. (). R. C, April 2, 1917. ' Major, AI. C, U. S. A., September 30, 1918. Detached and ordered to Le Mans, February 5, 1919. Urologist. Arthur P. Reed 725 Joseph Ave.. Rochester. N. Y. First Lieutenant, M. R. C, February 12, 1916. Captain, M. O. R. C, April 2, 1917. ' Major, AI. C, l\ S. A., October 1, 1918. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. In command of the Respiratory Infections Service, Hotel Lutetia. Charles L. Hincher 403 Alexander St.. Rochester. N. Y. First Lieutenant, M. R. C, February 12, 1916. Captain AI. O. R. C, April 2, 1917. Alajor, M. C, U. S. A., October 1, 1918. Ordered to Base Hospital No. 66, as chief physician of Sliock 4'eain No. 110, September 10, 1918; returned, November 19, 1918. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, March 23, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Aledical Service. Charles Wentworth Hoyt Hingham, Alass. First Lieutenant, M. R. C, February 12, 1916. Captain, M. O. R. C, April 2, 1917.' Major, AI. C, U. S. A., November 1-1, 1918. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Orthopedist. Alexander S. Sim 392 Clinton Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. Captain, M. O. R. C, December 5, 1917. Alajor, AI. C, LT. S. A., November 14, 191S .Joined the Hospital at Rochester, Alarch 5, 1918. Ordered to Evacuation Hospital No. 7 for temporary duty, August 3, 1918; returned, August 19, 1918. Detached and ordered to Angers for transportation to the United States, January 21, 1919. Ward Surgeon; Surgical Service. [77] A HIS T O R Y OF LT. S . A R AI A' John R. Booth 311 Park Ave.. Rochester. N. A . First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, Alay 12, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, September 18, 1917. Alajor, AI. C, U. S. A., February 17, 1919. Detached and ordered to Brest' for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Bacteriologist. Edward T. Wentworth 54 Girton Place, Rochester. N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, June 29, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, December 6, 1917. Alajor, AI. C, U. S. A., February 28, 1919. Ordered to Base Hospital No. 23 for temporary duty, July 19, 1918; re- turned August 15, 1918. Appointed Consultant in Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Center, ATchy, January 2, 1919. Ordered to Periguex, Dordogne, with orthopedic cases, January 18, 1919; returned, February 27, 1919. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Orthopedist. Harry A. Sadden 1184 Dewey Ave.. Rochester. N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, August 17, 1916. Captain, AI. O. IE C, April 2, 1917. Major, AI. C, U. S. A., Alarch 1, 1919. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Adjutant. Chief of Surgical Service (substitute). Ward Surgeon. Surgical Service. Andrew W. AIcAlester Columbia, Alissouri. Joined HospitaL at A'ichy. Detached within a short time thereafter. CAPTAINS Charles C. Sitter 66 Park Ave.. Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, February 12, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, April 2, 1917.' Ordered to Dijon for a course in wound bacteriology, Julv 13, 1918; re- turned July 29, 1918. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Chief of Laboratory Service. Acted as Chief of the Laboratory and as Bac- teriologist to the Laboratory of the Hospital Center, A'iehy. AIax A. Almy 400 Seneca Parkway, Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, February 12, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, April 2, 1917." Ordered to Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, Alay HO, 1917. Ordered overseas to serve with the British, July 23, 1917. Joined the British Aledical Service, August 1-1, 1917. Served with Stationary Hos- pital No. 8; the 24th Field Ambulance; the 26th Field Ambulance and the 119th Royal Field Artillery. In action in the Ypres salient, Hazebrouck arid Passchendale Ridge. Joined the Hospital at A'ichy, August 5, 1918. Returned to the tTnited States, Class D, January 5, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. 78] B A S F H O S P I T A L No. 19 Sidnky B. Williams Captain, Quartermaster R. C, June 1, 1917. Reported for duty, August 1, 1917. Detached and ordered to report to the Quartermaster Casual Depot, Gievres, August 7, 1918. Quartermaster. James AL Flynn 87 Troup St., Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AT. R. C, June 29, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, September 14, 1917. Ordered to the School for Military Rontgenology, New A'ork City, Janu- ary 18, 1918. Reported to the Hospital at Camp Alerritt, Alay 23,1918. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Rontgenologist. Newton A. Skehorn 41)25 Walrond Ave.. Kansas Citv. AIo. Captain, AI. O. R. C, December 6, 1917. Joined the Hospital at Rochester, Alarch 5, 1918. Ordered to Evacuation Hospital No. 7, for temporary duty, July 22, 1918; Returned, August 5, 1918. Detached and ordered to the Hospital Center at Mars-sur-AUier, August 7, 1918. Detachment Commander; Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. Henry G. Smith Cedar Grove, N. J. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C, Alav 19, 1917. Captain, AI. O. R. C, Alarch 9, 1918. Joined the Hospital at Rochester, Alarch 5, 1918. Ordered to Fvaeuation Hospital No. 7 for temporary duty, July 22, 1918; returned, August 5, 1918. Detached and ordered to Marseilles for duty, January 26, 1919. Aless Officer. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. Edward M. Cass Dresden. Ohio. Captain, AI. (). R. C, Alay 17, 1918. Joined the hospital at ATchy, August 23, 1918. Detached and ordered to Base Hospital No. Ill, for duty, September 14, 1918. Frederick J. Garlick 63 Brunswick St.. Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, August 3, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, Alay 24, 1918. Detached at St. Nazaire for transportation to the United States, April 13, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. John D. Fowler 101 Saratoga Ave., Rochester. N. Y. First Lieutenant, At. 1!. C, February 12, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C„ Alay 24, 1918. ' Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alareh 23, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. Alvvh S. Miller 40 Arnold Park, Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, April 28, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, Alay 24, 1918. Detached and ordered to Bordeaux for duty, February 1, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Aledical Service. [79] A H I S T O R A' OF U.S. A R AI Y Albert D. Kaiser 29 Buckingham St., Rochester. N. A. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, Alav 12, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, Alay 24, 1918. Detached and ordered to Bordeaux for duty, February 1, 1919. In command of the Infectious Disease Hospital, Hotel D'Amerique. Warren Wooden 150 Lake Ave., Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, April 28, 1916. Captain, AI. O. R. C, Alay 24, 1918. Ordered to duty with Base Hospital No. 15, as a member of operating team No. 80, July 19, 1918. Returned November 20, 1918. Ordered to command the detachment of nurses on their return to the United States, February 18, 1919. Alexander L. Smith 203 Alonroe Ave.. Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, June 8, 1917. Captain, AI. O. R. C, June 1, 191S. Detached and ordered to Marseilles for duty, January 26, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. Dexter D. King York, Nebraska. First Lieutenant, AI. (). R. C, Julv 26, 1917. Captain, At. C, U. S. A., November 11, 1918. Joined the hospital at Rochester, Alarch 3, 19LS. Ordered to Evacuation Hospital No. 7, for temporary duty, July 22, 1918; returned August 5, 1918. Detached and ordered to Angers for return to the United States, January 21, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. William F. Ryan 118 Appleton St.. Lowell, Alass. First Lieutenant, At. O. R. C, June 8, 1917. Captain, At. C, U. S. A., November 11, 1918. Joined the hospital at Rochester, Alarch 6, 1918. Ordered to Base Hospital No. si, for duty as part of Operating Team No. 80, July 19, 1918; returned November 20," 1918. Detached and ordered to Alarseilles for duty, January 26, 1919. Aledical Supply Officer; Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. Marvin V. Welcher 516 Alercantile Bldg.. Rochester. N. Y. First Lieutenant, D. O. R. C, August 18, 1917. Captain, D. C, U. S. A., February 17, 1919. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Dental Service. Ralph H. Wickins 21 Normandy Ave., Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, D. O. R. C, June 25, 1917. Captain, D. C, U. S. A., February 17, 1919. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the 4Tnited States, Alarch 23, 1919. Dental Service. [80] B A S E HO S P I T A L No. 19 FIRST LIEUTENANTS Albert Bowen c/o Surgeon General, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. First Lieutenant, AT. R.^C, February 12, 1916. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C, Alarch 17, 1917. First Lieutenant, AI. C, U. S. A., December 12, 1917. Detached and ordered to Base Hospital, Camp Devens, Alass., February 18, 1918. Edgar W. Phillips 758 Alonroe Ave., Rochester, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. R. C, June 26, 1916. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C, Alarch 17, 1917. First Lieutenant, AI. C, U. S. A., December 12, 1917. Ordered to Evacuation Hospital No. 8, as a member of Surgical Team No. 80-a, September 8, 1918; returned November 19, 1918. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, March 23, 1919. Registrar. "Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. Egbert H. Wesson New Albany, Alississippi. First Lieutenant, M. O. R. C, July 10, 1917. First Lieutenant, At. C, U. S. A., October 10, 1917. Joined the hospital at Rochester, December 26, 1917. Detached and ordered to School for Orthopedic Surgery, New A'ork, Feb- ruary 15, 1918. Frederick AI. Cook Stover, Alississippi. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C, June 20, 1917. Joined the hospital at Rochester, Alarch 9, 1918. Detached and ordered to Alarseilles for duty, January 26, 1919. Ward Surgeon, LTrological Service. Lawther J. Whitehead 827 West Franklin St., Richmond, Va. First Lieutenant, AL O. R. C, July 6, 1917. Joined the hospital at Rochester, Alarch 5, 1918. Detached and ordered to Brest for transportation to the United States, Alarch 23, 1919. Adjutant. Assistant, Rontgenological Service. Frank L. Wysor Edwight, West Virginia. First Lieutenant, At. O. R. C, August 4, 1917. Joined the hospital at Vichy, September 9, 1918. Detached and ordered to Headquarters, Advance Section, S. O. S., for duty, January 11, 1919. Hospital Train No. 43. Ward Surgeon, Medical Service. Joseph Cazayoux New Roads. Louisiana. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C, August 7, 1917. Joined the hospital at A'iehy, September 9, 1918. Detached and ordered to Headquarters, Advanced Section, S. (). S., Janu- ary 11, 1919. Hospital Train No. 43. Ward Surgeon, Aledical Service. Lewis H. Levy 924 Afoss St., New Orleans, La. First Lieutenant, At. O. R. C, August 15, 1917. Joined the hospital at Rochester, Alarch 2, 1918. Detached and ordered to Base Hospital No. 103, for duty, February 1, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. [81] A HIS T O R A' OF U.S. A R AI Y Bert G. Voorhees 408 North Alain St.. Elmira, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C, December 15, 1917. Joined the Hospital at Rochester, Alarch 2, 191S. Detached and ordered to Embarkation Camp, Bordeaux, February 1, 1919. Laryngologist. Daniel H. Reeves Burkburnett. Texas. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C, December 26, 1917. Joined the Hospital at Alchy, September 3, 1918. Detached and ordered to St. Aignan for transfer to the United States, Class B, December 12, 1918. Ward Surgeon, Aledical Service. Hiram L. Randall Le Roy, N. Y. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C, December 27, 1917. Joined the hospital at Rochester, April 25, 1918. Detached and ordered to Alarseilles for duty, January 26, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. James A. Paradise Barnes City, Iowa. First Lieutenant, AI. O. R. C Joined the hospital at ATchy, October 3, 1918. Detached and ordered to Base Hospital No. 115 for duty January 10, 1919. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. DeForrest Ballou, Jr. c/o Surgeon General, U.S.A.. Washington, D.C. First Lieutenant, At. O. R. C. Joined the hospital at A'iehy, October 1, 191S. Detached and ordered to Base Hospital No. 76, January 17, 1919, for duty. Ward Surgeon, Surgical Service. Charles F. Bouldin Hospital Sergeant, U. S. A. Joined the hospital at Rochester, February 9, 1918. First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, June 5, 1918. Detached and ordered to Base Hospital No. 46, for duty, August 9, 1918. Sergeant Alajor. Aless Officer. Thomas L. Casey First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, June 14, 1918. Joined the hospital at Vichy, July 17, 1918. Detached and ordered to Headquarters, Base Hospital Center, ATichv, for duty, October 15, 1918. Registrar. Aless Officer. Cassics C. Siivlts 68 Lux St., Rochester. N. Y. Enlisted as Sergeant First Class, June 8, 1917. Hospital Sergeant, July 26, 1918. First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, U. S. A., October 4, 1918. Detached and ordered to Base Section No. 2, Bordeaux, February 1, 1919. First Sergeant of Detachment. Detachment Commander. Sanitary Inspector. Mark Heath Hollev. N. Y. Enlisted June 4, 1917. Sergeant, June 5, 1917. Ordered to active duty in connection with the enlistment of the enrolled personnel of Base Hospital No. 19, in the Aledical Enlisted Reserve Corps, July 2, 1917. [82] 15 A S E II O S P I T A L No. 19 Sergeant First Class, February 7, 1918. First Lieutenant Sanitary Corps, October 4, 1918. Discharged from the service Alay 10, 1919. Sergeant Alajor. Adjutant. John D. Lynn, 2d. Bogota. N. J. Enlisted June 4, 1917. Sergeant, June 5, 1917. Sergeant, First Class, Alay 11, 1918. First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, October 4, 1918. Detached at St. Nazaire for transportation to the United States, April 12, 1919. First Sergeant in Registrar's Office. Registrar. Thomas AI. Nolan A S E H () S P I T A L No. 19 Floyd H. Owen 171 Spring St.. Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 19, 1917. Private First Class, Alarch 6, 1918. Roy F. Parker 461 E. Couch St., Portland, Ore. Joined the hospital at A'ichv, October 12, 1918. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. Earl I. Pearce 1315 Farr St.. Scranton. Pa. Joined the hospital at A'ichv, August 12, 1918. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. Albert D. Perry 35 Sumner Park, Rochester, N. Y. Inducted February 9, 1918. Private First Class, Alarch 6, 1918. Transferred to Saumur Artillery School, August 29, 1918. Rejoined the hospital at A'ichy. Clarence G. Perry 1328 S. Fifth St.. Lalt Lake City. Utah Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Private First Class. Daniel P. Petrillo 86 Chatham St., Rochester. N. Y. Enlisted June 15, 1917. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. Transferred to Hospital, Nantes. Harold A. Pye 21 Athens St., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted July 2, 1917. Private First Class, Alarch 6, 1918. John R. Quinn 143 Meigs St., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 15, 1917. Private First Class, January 3, 1918. Storekeeper, Quartermaster's Department. Elmer J. Robine 48 Queen St., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 14, 1917. Private First Class, Alarch (i, 1918. Harry E. Russell 289 Kenwood Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Inducted February 5, 1918. Private First Class, July 23, 1918. William F. Ryan 26 Morgan St.. Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 20, 1917. Private First Class, March (i, 1918. Maurice DeW. Scanlon 14 Flora St., Rochester, N. Y. Inducted February 25, 1918. Private First Class, October 31, 1918. Francis R. Sciierer 543 Genesee St., Rochester. N. Y. Enlisted June 13, 1917. Private First Class, June 1, 1918. IVansferred to Hospital Center, Alars-sur-Allier, July 27, 1918. Fred C. Schlottman 201 Herald St.. Rochester, N. Y. Inducted February 13, 1918. Private First Class, June 1, 1918. Ward Alaster. Bugler. [103] A H I S I () R Y () F U.S. A R AI A' James F. Scott 23 Cook St., Rochester, N. A'. Inducted February 4, 1918. Private First Class, September 15, 1918. Wardmaster. Walter S. Slegi-it, Jr. c/o Franklin Alotor Car Co., Rochester, N.Y. Inducted February 5, 1918. Private First Class, July 23, 1918. Harve Smith San Saba, Texas Joined the hospital at A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. AIvron B. Smith 17 Windsor St., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted Alay 8, 1918. Private First Class, June 1, 1918. Wardmaster. P'loyd O. Spencer Ennis, Texas Joined the hospital at A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. Norton W. Stevens 234 Elmdorf Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 21, 1917. Private First Class, August 15, 1918. Ray B. Stevens Box 69. R. F. D. No. 4. Fort Worth, Texas Joined the hospital at A'ichy, November 7, 1918. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. AIichael Stubella c/o Lvceum Theater, Rochester. N. Y. Enlisted June 13, 1917. Private First Class, June 1, 1918. 'Iransferred to Entertainment Section, A. E. F., April 10, 1919. Lloyd F. Suggett 107 Johnson St., Alodesta, Calif. Joined the hospital in A'ichy, November 7, 1918. William D. Sullivan 239 N. Union St., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 13, 1917. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. Edward H. Tanner 974 Alain Street East, Rochester, N. Y. Inducted February 15, 1918. Private First Class, July 23, 1918. Wardmaster. William C. Taylor 278 Clay Ave., Rochester N Y Inducted Alarch 7, 1918. Private First Class, July 23, 1918. Glenn A. Thomas 170 Cedar St., Comma-. \ y Enlisted June 5, 1917. Private First Class, January .'5, 1918. Transferred to Headquarters Company, Hospital Center, A'ichv Novem- ber 27, 1918. Rejoined the hospital January 17, 1919. I laboratory Assistant. Charles H. Thompson 516 E. \ralario St.. Santa Barbara Calif Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Charles F. Townsend Webster, N. Y Enlisted June 18, 1917. ' " Private First Class June 1, 1918. [104] RASE HOSPITAL No. 19 'Thomas F. Tracy 468 Flint St.. Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted July 2, 1917 Private First Class Julv 22, 1918. Bugler. Earl AY. Vogt Webster. N. Y. Enlisted June 13, 1917. Private First Class, January 1, 1919. Barber. Nat S. Wolff 25 Portsmouth Terrace, Rochester, N. Y. Joined the hospital at A'ichy, December 4, 1918. Eldredge AI. West Gunter, Texas Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. Burdette C. Edgett 244 Rosewood St., Rochester. N. Y. Enlisted June 21, 1917. Private First Class, July 23, 1918. Transferred to Headquarters Company, Hospital Center, A'ichy. Hermann J. Barker 100 Alinnesota St., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 20, 1917. Private First Class, January 3, 1918. Transferred to Hospital Center, Alars-sur-Allier, July 27, 1918. Floyd B. Jennings 1108 Alain Street East, Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted Alarch 5, 1918. Private First Class, December 20, 1918. Transferred to Hospital, Nantes. Hermann Wild 526 Averill Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 5, 1917. Private First Class January 3, 1918. Transferred to Headquarters Company, Hospital Center, A'ichv, Novem- ber 27, 1918. Laboratory Assistant. PRIVATES Robert O. Becraft 4050 Sheridan Road, Chicago. 111. Enlisted Alarch 4, 1918. Arthur O. Benkwit 63 Berlin St., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 29, 1917. Transferred to General Intermediate Storage Dept., August 18, 1918. George H. Bradshaw Rochester, N. Y. Inducted March 4, 1918 Transferred to Base Hospital, Camp Alerritt, N. J., June 3, 1918. Washington H. Day Norwood, N. Y. Enlisted Alarch 1, 1918. Transferred to Embarkation Camp, St. Nazaire, April 12, 1919. Warren Brown Batavia, N. Y. Enlisted June 8, 1917. Discharged on S. C. D., Alarch 6, 1918. [105] A HIS T () R A' OF U.S. A R AI A William J. Deyle. . c/o Todd Protectograph Co., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted March 9, 1918. 'Iransferred to Hospital Center, Alars-sur-Allier, July 27, 1918. William A. Guinan 263 East Ave.. Rochester. N. Y. Enlisted June 11, 1917. Discharged September 8, 1917. Edwin H. Goodwin 55 Taylor St.. Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted February 4, 1918. Discharged on S.'C. D., Alarch 5, 1918. Albert H. Longbotham c/o Statler Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y. Enlisted June 18, 1917. Transferred to Headquarters Convpanv, Hospital Center, A'ichy, Novem- ber 6, 1918. Jacob K. AIanley 834 Avenue D., Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 5, 1917. Transferred to United States, December 24, 1918. John L. AIagnuson 5409 Calumet Ave., Chicago, 111. Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Lee AIcClaugiierty Sandia, Texas Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Hubert L. AIenn Yorktown, Texas Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Iransferred to Headquarters Company, November 27, 1918. Rejoined the hospital, January 17, 1919. Earl AIiddleton Holtonville, Okla. Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Carleton W. AIeyers 827 Brooklyn St., Philadelphia, Pa. Enlisted February 6, 1918. Transferred to Headquarters, 2nd Division, A. E. F., September 28, 1918. Edward E. Rumsey Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 8, 1917. Discharged on S. C. D., Alarch 6, 1918. Samuel A. Richardson Sadler. Texas Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Henry B. Shavers Thorndale, Texas Joined the hospital in A'ichv, October 12, 1918. Harold I. Sine Shawnee, Okla. Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. George C. Smith 1827 Chynee Blvd., Colorado Springs, Colo. Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. John T. Snodgrass Pawhuska, Okla. Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. William J. Stubenvoll 417 S. Cincinnati Ave., Tulsa, Okla. Joined the hospital in A'ichv, October 12, 1918. 1918. Francis J. Spiess c/o Rochester P'olding Box Co., Rochester N Y Enlisted July 2, 1917. Furloughed to the Reserve, Alay 28, 1918. [106] B A S E HOSPITAL No. 19 Martin P. AYalley Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 11, 1917. Transferred to Base Hospital, Camp Alerritt, N. J., June 3, 1918. AIilton B. Wiiitlock 212 North Goodman St.. Rochester. N. Y. Enlisted April 9, 1916. Transferred to Headquarters Co., Hospital Center, A'ichy. Wayne Wheeler Wilton, Ark. Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Stanley I. Williams Lake Creek, Texas Joined the hospital in A'ichy, October 12, 1918. Roscoe C. Wright 255 Seneca Parkway, Rochester, N. Y. Enlisted June 14, 1917. Iransferred to Base Section No. 5, for the United States, December 6, THE END [107] -Che publication of the History of United States Ahmy Base Hospital Number 19, has been made possible through the generositA' of the following citizens of Rochester. To them the authors extend their warm thanks and appreciation: Hubbard, Eldkidge & Miller Jaaies H. Boucher II. B. Graaes Company Bausch ■. f NLM051005428